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Un 6b* symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de chaque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE ', le symbols V signifie "FIN '. irrata to pelure, n d □ 32X Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be fihned at diffn, snt reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to botton^ as many frames as required. The following agrams illustrate the method: 1 2 3 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s A des taux da reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour fttro reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film6 d partir de Tangle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche h droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nticessaire. Les diagrammer suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 i I CANAI ITS EXTENT, GENERA ■■ ^^ 'G Parliament HotrsE, Ott^.^'a. lnfor«t?ation for Intending Settlers- PnMisliei liy lie GoyeroMl cf Canal ■WITH A. IviCA.I>. ©ttatoa : DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 1886. -" " ■•' • i »»^ Hg^o i^ti----"' V-— - mmHmmmmmmmm -■9 i '■•if : A ViKW ruoM THE Platform, LOOKIXO UOWS THE St. liAW- BESCK, FKOM THE (vlTAREI-, Ql'KHEC. A Sketch by H.II.H. the Princess Louise, A;VIEW AT QUEBEC. I f O .0^ ^xxMJcooco luese m a very lars* ., j — f/uoaeaaea tueae m a very larg* fQuSroR tTDI Oon fihoi j toei ihei mall •enc |>art (M^' »/^ ^^SJSBSB^lim V • A View fim KKKCK, Ft Qt'KHEP. HR.H thi CANADA : ITS EXTENT, GENERAL RESOURCES, &c. INTRODUCTION. tTai purpOMof tliti pamphlet in to give, in a comien^ed form, information regarding th« Domiuion of Ganaila, itrt great proviaueH extend ing t'roin tiieaeuboard ut tlio Atlautic to th# fihoreaof the Pacido Ocean, witit the Hpeciul, great, and varied advaiilHgeu which they o&ar toemigrant Htttlera \ and to Hupply to intetitliiig eniigrantH ooine inlbrinatioii to help them ia their oLoice of a place of settlcMneiit, and the Ijeal iiieauH of aafcly, coiiifortahiy, und cheaply making the journey from their own houieH to their tinal deutination iu America. The a^ •euce of this inforination hait frequently been the Hoiirce of anxiety and inuonvenieuce (o IMrtieM reaolviu^ to ii«ek vettiemiiut and unproved fortuue iii our great Bntiiih Coluoy. (^ANADA has been too little known to tl.e inhabitantN of Great Britain. This want of ^ knowledge concerning a portion of tlie great tiritiHh Empire, ho extensive and so near — BO closely allied to us by the ties of kindred and the common bunds of allegiance to ourgraoiou* <2neen Victoria, is gradually but surely difjap^KJuring. Canada is year by year attracting more and more the attention of those who arc considering the question of exchanging the crowded fields of labour of the old country for the comparatively unoccupied lands of the "Colonies, where greater room for personal eflbrtis afforded and where an ultimate competence or independence is assured to tiie industrious. To many the thought of emigration is un- attractive, suggesting the idea of final separation from home, friends and country — the great distance from this country to Australia, New Zealand, and other remote fields of emigration t\aving much to do with this idea; but, with the aid of steam and electricity, Canada has iieen brought so near to us, that a change to it from this country is like a change of residence from one parish to another, and is now-a-days made with practically no feeling of soparatipn^' from home and friends. Emigrants to Canada are seen leaving with joyful faces, loojriBgCi^ forward, many of them, to earlv and frequent returns to thi'ir old homes, to which th^jr f^^ ' ' they will still be comparatively near. Unlike the United States, Canada has mu(Ai m common with the old country in the manners and friendships of the settlers. Itdiftefa^iios^' from Britain in its immeuse extent of territory, the delightful character of its clim(ie,«hd ithe fertility of its soil. A ^\ ITS EXTENT. ^'^ ••^ The Dominion of Canada has an area of 3,r.00,000 square miles, which is equal to two * thousand millions of acres of land, or about us large as the whole of Eurojte. It is well to master this great fact, because living as we do upon an insignificant portion of Europe, eo far as area is concerned, it is dilHcnlt to grasp the immensity of this territory, and to realise the extent of land from which a settler may pick and choose fair portions that, with a little labour, become hisown propertv. Canada comprises the following provincesand territories: — Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New P.runswick, Quebec, Uiitaiio, Manitoba, British (!oluuibia, and the great North West districts. Its eastern portion has its margin on the shores of the Atlantic, and its lands stretcii uninterruptedly till its westermoat province — British Columbia— reachtss and is bounded by, the great Pacific Ocean,* ITS RESOURCES. | Great extent in a new country may be a drawback unless there are also natural advan« tages and the elemeats of coutiaued improvement. Canada potiaesses these degree. in a very larg* ITS CLIMATE. Its climate from many can-es is fff^reat variety. Tliere is greater misconception abroad* respecting tins fact tliaii of any ollior pertaining to the conntry. Perfectly absurd ideas pre., vail respecting the rigonrs ol Ciintuliun winters. It is true" the winters are decided, and. snow in many parts covert* the giuuml to liio depth of two or tliree feet; but there are great advantages in this — the snow is perfectly dry and pacle of some Engii. h and many French, many generaiions have liv_a on Canadian soil, we see the race more vigorous, if possible, than in the days of the first settlers. Cold it certainly is durmg iive or six months of the year, but the cold is dry, and, except upon the sea coasts, is less felt than is cold here. The sayinf» of the old Scotc'i woman is literally true. She wrote home to her people to say 'it was Sne to se . tlie bairns play in the snow without getting their teet wet.' xhroughout the winter the sno;v is dry and powdery. The Canadian season is very certain. It is sure to be steadily cold in winter,audjSleadily warm in summer, and throughout the twelve months a briat, oats, barlev, rve, Indian cofn, pttatoe.*,' turnips, mangel wurtzel, peas, buckwlieat,tlii.\,&c. ' ' Lrrcat progress has been made with dairv farniing in Cuiiadn, and the tendency is towards nnprovenient and ecciomv of labour. The facturv system .has been latterly intro- duced in the older provinces. There are factories fur the mamifactuie uf cheese, and creaineries fur the manufaitnrc of superior butter. These works relieve the farmhouse, especially the female portion of tiie inmates, of mucli labour, and the prolncts arismgfrom the application of .'^cientilic processes and highlv-.-killed labour, jiroduce result^ more excel lent than was possible under the old .systems. 'American ' c',iee.-e is wt-ll kiiuwn in England but few are aware that the best ' American-' chee.^e is made in Canada. Canadian cheese i • in fact, the very best made on the American continent. The cattle are uf the be.-t breeds the pasture is excellent, and the work cleanly and carefully dune. '■Market gardening, bee-keeping, and poultry raising are receiving attention, and yield- ing good prolks. FuiViS, turkeys, and geese have aheajy been largek and verv protitablv exjjorted. ■ "T'|^n''C*^^'if^ic frnit for home consumption and for e.xpoit is a very important industry in Can.' da, and one which excites the wuiuler ofmanv new-comers. There are vineyani's in Ontario fifty to sixty acres in extent; peach orchards of similar extent; and apple orch- ards ahuost innuinerable. Strawberries are raised as'a field Cruii ; Y,\hu\- i.ears "^"-'Sfdierrif-^ , currants, and raspberries are everywhere pruduced in the grea est abundance' "The tomafr; ripens m the open air, and such is the profusion of this fnut that i^is ve ^ofien ctt eH^^ he marketihan potatoes, sel ing at50 cuts (2s stg.),andsometimes less,per iSv] SeZnl Z^ the opeu air, as afield or market garden crop, and this delicious fruit L sold ve.-y niarl"e?^ ti.eir way in imniensequantities to tne n aiket.. of the pnited Kingdom. At the Centennial E.^hibition at Philadel, hia the Ameri cans admitted that tliey were fairlv beate., hv tl.i« r...,..,i,„ i....; a l' ."'l. ' '1ns- the jte „,, „ - , " ..1 i>oriii America." w raitij, ui;:! 1";!„|:N:1'. "" "° '"'='■■'' """''-•''' '"'S'- '"""^"^ "' ■">"'. »"J Si"« '■■■'■isl't Among tiie va cedj ar, Hem ana many in Canada itself. t le varutiesof wood exported are maple, elm, hiekorv, ironwood, pine, snruc( ,u ; ^^'] ;;;'\'^^'^'^' ^^'-tler-nut, basswood, poplar, chestnut, rowan/n'^llo;,' re no.e. Immense 4uantities are required tor domestic and manufacturing uses nruee. g uses in ITS MINEKxVLS. In the earlier development of Canadian resources mineral wenlfl, ,rn« ,,^f ..,« • m if the world in minerals and inctals, to the work foreign, are now directing their energies. ' In^io u f detJ s s of >!'' n '' ^'"' 'Tl "'"' extentand of most variecTand useful chaacSeeM/ i^^^^^ """'''"'' "^ '""'^ developinentof new sources of industry. To'enum^flStrL^lhl^i::';:!!:.^!?^ l!!::!!^^';'^'^^^^ name almost all useful In \hr Norlli-WcHt territory coal is known to exist over m vast region to the east of thj Rocky Mountains. Tliis region ntretchea from 160 to 200 miles east of the mountains, and nor^h from the frontier about a thouaand miles. Where the seams have been examined they are found of great tliickness and of excellent quality. Beds of true bituminous coal liave been found, There are ali'o large quantities of lignite, virhich will prove a very useful fuel, h occurs in considerattle quantity along the Valley of the Souris River, near the fron- tier, not verv far west ot Winnipeg. The coal undor the Rocky Mountains may be floated down botti branches of the Saskatchewan to Winnipeg ; and the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway, has opened another outlet from these coal beds to those places on the praines where it is required for theuse of the inhabitants. These vahiablecoal beds have been found propping out on the banks' of the Saskatchewan, near to the line of the Canadian Pacitic Railway. This is of great ii.iportance, both for the railway and the country. ITS MEANS OF INTEECOMMUNICATION. Besides its va«t river and lake highways, Canada has an extensive railway system There are about 10,150 miles in operation, aHbrding means of communication from Nova Scotia to the western poruons of Ontario ; and from the western shores of Lake Superior through Manitoba the North-West Territories, Asemiboia and Alberta, and the Rocky MountaiuH in Rritinh Columbia, to the Pacitic Ocean. This railway and its connections ojieo ap a vast and tertile territory, in extent almost equal to the whole of Europe, and possessing great agricultural, mineral, industrial, and commercial resources to le develop- ed. In i.tre older Provinces, the great Orand Trunk Railway system, a most admirably equipfied and conducted trunk road, lias connections with almost every place of importance in Canaila. This railway was the true commencement of any serious Railway operations in the older Provinces of Canada, in the same way as the Canadian Pacitic is the opening uj» of the great areas of the Canadian Norlh-West! There is now unbroken Railway con- m'ction frcm Ocean to Ocean, at all seasons of the year ; Halifax being the present chief Winter port, and Qiif^bec the St. l^awrence, or summer port. The construction of the Cana- dian' Pacitic Railway, from the tide waters of the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific is one of the greatehl operations of Railway pnterprisp in the world, and it has been built with unexampl- ed rapidity. 'J'lns Railway gives to th^ I'nited Kingdom an alternative route i from the Ent^lish system. The judges are apjwinted by the Crown for life ; and are chosen whatever Mmistry be in power, from those who, by ability, learning, and practice at th« Bar, have worked their way to the front rank of their profession. The Courts. The highest is the Supreme Courtof Canada, composed of a Chief Ju?'ticc and five puisnejudges. It'has appellate jurisdiction throughout the Dominion in criminal a^ well as civil casesf The other courts of Justice correspond very much wilh those of En^rland, but are Provincial— the Supreme Court alluded to being the only Dominion Court. There are County Court Judges, Stipendiary Magistrates, Aldermen of cities with iiiMoi.-^terial powers ex officio, and throughout the country Justices of the peace— all ilioso exercise functions verv similar to those of the corresponding holders of such offices m lintain ' I ne system of jury trial every where prevails. The expenses of litigation are u- a rule le.-s Hum ia England. Departmextat. BriT.nixfis, Ottawa— East Block. POLICE AND MILITIA. their country and its institutions, and their loyalty is unquestioned and unbounded. NATURALIZATION LAWS. The "r Iterant to Canada does not forfeit his rights as a British subject, but continues •under the >.-,''' liag, and does not require to swear away his allegiance to his nativ^e country -and his Queen, in order to enjov the rights of citizenship, or the power of acquiring and holding propertv in Canada. Every person from the Hriti.^h Islands, who desires tc become an Ameritan citizen, mu«t take two'oaths— one of intention, and one of facts, the latter after five years' residence. These oaths are not simply ofaliegionce to the com-nitntion tnd laws of the United States ; but also of special renunciation nf t!i.' sf.itus of a BvHlp-h subjoot, By (two solemn oaths the emigrant is thus made to renounce his British birth-risht, and in the ujventof war becomes an eucmv of Great Britain. In some States, tlie great state of Nev "i'ork for instance, a British subject cannot liolil real estate witliout taking such outli'^, an- 1 sannoi in any of the States e.xercise the rights of American citizeiishij). As tliis oue.«tion o State of MiNNSsoiAk 8 Otherrclamor" a dSw States cti^enship also the form of its record * «t which naturaliza"ion iXS :- "'"'' ^ ™^' ^' ^'^' '"'^y*'*" ^'^^« ^« ^^^^ District Court, \ County of •'"•^'"'^^ ^^"'•'' I and Jhatl"doln»"i?am| InllrrilT'"' '^' ^«"ftitVt'"on of the United States of America, toeverv For^iJ. Power K LrPotenZ" w""^ adjure/orever all allegiance and fldelit; fiubscnbe : and aworn to in open Court this day of r ^ ' Clerk. DiPARTllCNTAL ButtDINOg, OttaWA.—WeST BlOCK. PEOVINCE OF ONTARIO. .'I form of oatk r its recorda. fore the dat» >TAk of America,. i and fidelity particularlji ir borne aoj* I have been past, ande in haste xo purchase, biit should {,'et,aome experience hefore takin;:; so imtK)rtant a stop. Agricultural laiiourers Kliouid accept emplovment as it may he offered on arrival, and tliev will soon learn ijow to imj)rove j.ernianently their condit'on. Persons accustomed to tiie use of mechanical IS, \ylio intend tni'nini| t!.'*'*'" i'a"'^'^ to farming, will often find such an acquibition of great vonicnce and value. • i e FH/E GRANT LANDS. tool con ay passes ants. ent, liv every head of ■ f 1 throHirl, townships in Ontario that will he open to settlers as free grai iwo hundred acres u) huul can I.' obtained, on condition of settlenu..., .,, j ....... „ a family iiaving cliiidren under ei^htion years of ago ; and anv male over eighteen year.so ugeciui ol)tam a free grant 01; condition of settlement. These lands a.e jirotecied froi-. seizure for any debt in<;nrred before the Igsuc of the patent, and for twentv years after its issue by a "Home.-^tead lOxemption Ac;t." Persons of moiK'ratc but 'jdO(.»r;u'iont means, ^rho live on the interest of their monov in J'.nghin'l, e..ul(i duiib e their injom.;" by settling in Ontario, where seven per cent, and some- times more, can easily |)e ob'nined for investments on first-ciass seeuritv. and Jivinf' and oitucation being cheaper than ■i\ the O.d Couiitrv, the ailvautage.s Ont.-;rio ufler.^ to thi.s'cias.s of persons, especially those wiiti families, are veVy great. ; : Ontario iilso oilers special inducements to tenant farmers ambitions of cliaiio'in"- their f-onrhtion as leaseholders to tiiat of freeholders, as improved farms can be boughtm Ontario iur (lie amount (jt capital nocess-ny to work a leased farm in Great Sritain. lamphlets ..jviiig full nnd detailed infort)iatioii resfanling Ontario, publlslied bv its 1 rovincial C.oveniment, may he had free by application at "Allan" J.ine Otlices and Agencies throughout the kingdom. PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. . , '^/'C ^7^ of the Province^ Quebec is 188,688 square mile?, or 210,000 square miles mcludmg the Jakes and waters within its bounds. Its population in 1881 was l,;^ui),017 A large portion of the pn^vince is exceedingly fertile and capable of high cultivation— cereal- grasses, root crops, and fruit crops jrrow in abundance and to perfection. ' M .ntreal, the commercial capital of Canada, and one of the most important ports in the world, as regards its inqjorts and cxi ort.«— marveilouslv risiiiir in wealth, extent and popu- Jation— IS situated n, tlie in'ovmce <,f Quebec ; and the citv of Quebec, capital of the province with a population third m rank m Canada, and the greatest tinib^^r exporting port to be found 111 eitlier hemisphere, is next in iuiportance to Montreal. Quebec city is the seat of iegislation for the province. We have already spoken of the soil and Products of Quebec, but it i.s ri-^ht to draw attention to the cattle-breeding of this and other elder provinces— in which this" business is most extensively and successfully carried on. After impr.ivinL: tiieir ori-'inal stock bv j.iportation trom Lngland, cattle-ra.serH have sent back to Britain descemlants of the cattle they imported and have sold tlien. at high prices. In one or two instances of fancy stt>ck overi.4,oOO nave been got for a single animal. The improvement upan tiie ori<^inal strain IS attributed to the specially nutritious and excellent quality of the Canadian grasses, roots and feeding. ° ' ' 'J'he lumber trade and agriculture, with manv varied manufactures, are what princinallv occupy the people of the Lower Province, as Quebec is often called. The Fisheries are of immense importance. About tj,wOli,ouu acres of land are offered by the Government of this province, in paTt for sale, and in part for free grants, snlidivided into farm lots. ■ Lands i)m\;liased from the (biv'.-rntiient are to be paid for in the following manner— one- fifth of purchase money on tiie day ol sale ; remainder in four equal vearTy instalments bearing interest at six per cent. The price at which lands are sold is so low, that is from 20 rts. to OOcts. per acre (I5d. to 2s. 5|d. sterling), that tlfese conditions are not burdensome IMS equivalent to giving them away, a^ the price barelv covers the cost of makin-' the fiiirvev and roads. (See Goccrnmmt J'ampJilei for IHH.'].) ° Tiie Eastern Township:^ of Quebec comprise larae tracts of reclaimed and cuKivated J.inds. These are very favorably situated for feeding, fatteniiiir. and sending' stock "to the rmarkets of the I'n.ted Kimrdom. FiutUr and cli<'ese a e also lar'^elv made. ' j For furthe] iMit Guide Bo illjaority, may New Brun ;2l,2;{3. This ated portions < iiiheries ; and i ht veiir, anil ii )roducts of a i ' It is said t jO |)0|)ulation, < Coal is abi ible quantities mi varied, as • Eorfurthe This Prov persons. Exc pktely pojnila , Its climat tr|buting so 1 sell lenient. ^ This is th lalion ih ISSl number of inli ricli, in.agricii and horses an otiier provinci ; British C (now overcoi jflparsely popv Sfiolony of" th Its minei vet untouchei IfMver and se; oPthe Britisji and future in: erftor (renera, viRJt to the b and sure advi To read San Francis liailway atlb territiMv, wh It is also con Australia. Tlie Pro bends of f.un certain porti> merely nomi land of proii reach of Bii realize this, The price farni.^ is the it Im> in haste Agricultural II soon learn ' mechanical ition of great ' Free Grant res ; ninking ij.ened up as ilway passes i-ery liead of een years" of tecied froi!) irs after its ir inonoy in . ant! eonie- living and to tliia chis.-i ii,Q;in,<: their t in Ontai'io ■ihed hy it.-; nd Agencies inare niilos ;^ui),017. A m — cereal<, 3orta in the and popu- he province port to be the seat of ht to draw business is stock hv f the cattle incy stt>ck inal strain ssesj roots, principally ^ries are of e, in pa'rt .nner — one- istalnients, is from 20 irdensonie. luking the cullivated tock to the 11 For further information re;,mr.Iin2 the Province of Qnehec, &(^, the pomlnion Govern- ,«nt Guide Book tur 1HH3 and the pamphh-t on the Eastern Townshiofi, pub.ished by atibority, uiay be had on application to the "Athui" Lnip otlices and ttgeuta. PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK. New Brunswick has an extent -of 27,174 pquare miles. Its population in 18R1 was 21 •'!'? This Dn.vince is, with Nova Scotia, nearer to Europe than any of the other popu- ate'l portions of America. It is a farminsi and lun.hfr country ; has j;reat coast an of f.imilies. w„lnws,orsin.ile men over IH years of .-.gc, upon very ea been a land of promiscpnu'tiv n-ghTted boco^c. ritt:e known W ben it h withn, iitteen , ays reach of Britain-a- il n'.w i^-it- fiitniv wdlconu. vviti, a --u-h, and tho>e wlio earliest realize this, and net up. ii i(. wiil beiielit \\\ the iar.^r-i d'/;;:e(.-. iii^^i ,1,1 12 liiiiii "iiiiiiiiiiii liii*''' ' Iiijiii"^j"!l I'lli"!:,: 'Ill' II IlII'ii.i yr AfANirOBA AND THE NORTII-WEsJ -^'^ililTOIilES. ^ lelo'v zero T ?'"' "? ^'"^^ ^f tJ'e State orNTwYnrl.- ''"."^/"^''.'nean is G7 « tb 76 o . ■'■|'« cli,„„te of the (en.i,„„ . .• I"" " > 'I"" •» houses b,„lt t«r„i4 tenacious clay snhHon\nd'|.:pfn^;',^7;^^^^^ '^«"'' ^^^^''^^ - -^ -i"- • r^ ne ric})e.(, ,f not t/ie ric/iest'soi] 'Zl I''' ^"';"/'^^^^''"">f' of manure for vca"r9 " ^r T. "-^ ^^ Gennuny havee^tablisi:;;! ttif'^ " '''^ ^^^^''J- ^-'^es by cheS^!^- sIoZuTl'^^. | 3RTII.WE.S H";r, (heir font v. . lynWy looked wf. Temtories Jiavc i initohn tliere w fi'''.v H<|imre mil )f tlio grcut mv(i. t HiiH lia.s liaii . ■n liHppil^ tciii,, I' Wlfll(,ut(J(jiil,| Kilt. fJoW COIiit H'ttloiia'tlf, Plioul 'cmif-e until rccci, ftSftKrciit liuntiii Clmrles If, \v|„.| s'li onr itslof) wciv ke flight to othr the North-WoM cnowledge of tli. tion now eettliii;;! ininchea opening fo Its popuJatioii" itoba : — . een the Atlantic ulf of Mexico oil I iias the aanio aa ber^inning to ^yarch of mtw ada, the owner 'T reeourcep, in red pocietv. i8G7<5 to 76^ nnonietersink-f 1 not 80 un plea- Warm dothin.r jgJ 8 built to redisl a| character, the 1 tely healthiej-t * d there are no Iiteen inches ; | 'd of April, a | le aaiiie time, 1 e part of May; ' the regular 'f iep and very -| ^ it is amoii* gniiuM are (piite extriionlinary . Fron* icpoil- niade alter careful enquirien and returriH, tlio ttvera;{0 yield of wheal in Mimitoba I , hut HometimPH as hi:j:h ft fi;;uro aw 80 huRhcIs i-- reached ; and in hut ley the av«r .ije {K-raere in '.I'i Iiuhiu'Ih, whde 5U bUMhel« arc Moiiietiuies piucured — the farniin;:, nul tlie M(jil, jjoverninj^ tiie yield. I'otatoeK and all kindw of held and jfiuden roots j{row to liirj^e hIzo, and in K'<''»t^ abun- diiriee. Tin «au»e remark applies to calrtm^^eH and other f^anlen vej^elahles. TomatoeH uiul iiielons ripen in the open air. , Hops and llax are at liome on the prairies. All the Miuall triiit.-, Hueli as eiirrantH, Niiawlierries, ra^fplierries, efo., are fipund in almndance. Fur {.'razin;; and eiitth' ruisiii;^ the lucilities are nnliininded. The prairie j^rasecB ur© iiiitritidu.s and ni illimitahle uiiiiiidaiife. Hay is cheaply and easily made. Trees are found ahju;^ the rivers and streams, and they will >;row anywhere very rapidly. It' protected from the prairie tires. Wood fv)r fuel has not been very expensive, ami I '>al is now broudit into the market ; of this important mineral there arc vast li<'ds further 't, whicii are iieinij; hmuL'ht into use. 'J'he who! ' uf the territory from the boundary to. I'enee lliver, abuut 2()() mile.'- wide from the Rocky .Mountains, Ih a cnal Hell. Water is found hy di;.'!j;in;: wells of moderate ilej)lh on the prairie. The rivers and cool es are also available fo'- water supply, itaiii generally falls freely during the .«pring„ wliile the summer and autumn are ;;( nerally dry. Manitctha has alieuily conimnnication l»y railway with the Atlantic seatK)ard and all" parts of the continnt i liuit IS to say, a railway train" may htart from Halifax or Quebec filter connection with the ocean steamship, and run continuously on to Wifini,;cg. It can do the same from iJosioii or Portland ; and further, thi> Caninlian I'acitic Railway has nov crossed the llocky Mountains and reaciied the I'aeilic Ocean. It has various biiiuch Hues at present filly worked, and other railways are chartered, and are being eonstructed. The Pacific Railway now opened places the cereals iind other produce of Manitoba in connection with Lake Superior, wheme it can be cheaply floated down the great water system of the St. Lawrence and Lakes to the ocean steamhhip.s in the port of Montreal and Quebec, while the railway system affords connection as well with the nuirketa of the older Provinces as with those of the Unift-d States. Witli present arrangements wheat isconviyed from Afanitoba to Montreal for 30 cents jv bnsliel, whence it can be taken by ocean vessel' to Britain for 10 or 15 cet>ts. li is calculat- ed that this wheat can be raised with profit for 50 cents a bushel, thus making a possibility of ileliveriiif' wheat in Britain under 85 cents (/. e. about iJs. Gd stg.) per bushel, or 288. per (piarter. Ohargea and handling may bring it over this price, but the two naked elements of growth and transport are within the figures named. It is believed that cattle may be raised on tlie vast grass areas of tlic North-West, and bo taken to the eastern markets with iirolif. Enterprise of this nature has been already set on foot at extensive ranches near the Kocky Mountaiiis. TESTIMONY AS KEGAEDS CANADA. ■We give, at condsid^rable leng'ili, extracts from speeches of the Marquis of Lome, late Governor (Jeneral of^ Canada, on the occasion of his visits to Glasgow and to Birminghan* in December, 188:?. We should have liked tohave published thcsein full, deli vere:iy find a place* fciiarity in Ihoho-^i.iitals. 1, as you kiiow,"wasat the head oi tlie Gt.voMui.ent fcr scni'j time tlieic — a position whicli wouiii luituraily attract towards one tlu^ api;i al.-' of those wi;o wir-hcd for charity or for help. I am qivte sure if yoi% countthe numberofbcggi'i;: letters received b\ :i;iy iMiropean Sovereign, or e^-^n bvt;>.e ^re- 16 ^^yteVts^^n^ amount toavery large number. I aiianre you during JS«inefet*rr8 ?AnnU.?r^^ Su Jrior Look'aul.e^r^^^^^^^ «ucce«Hfully into the waters of the inJa./dia Lake KiSwTv k/nn«.;i? n ^ '^^ ^'"''® ',''*'"'" *» '■»''w«*y coHtitruction. The Grand Trunk IhellnJsMl fu '"^,^'7" 'nter-eoluniaJ con.inuuwatior from the Atlaiuic to the Pacific " Gliis,<;ow ),a^ sent 80 many of lirr vonnfr mrn to the We^t tlmt T «1,al1 ha n.,..f t *v *ven.nu in. my suten.ents, lest ] el.o.u.j he ^au.^ht tri ,,in/l v an- of xn . \^*'^^f"' *?'» long Low H, a. ya„ know sai-1 to l,e a ..culiari.v olle v'^ Ife , U e^?"mMWrL^ tU >>eieen car? he expecte-i J.',. the.e'arV t^act? w^ r ' . . ' t '^ir'elt ^'S ' .ll" ---» Of produce .0.1s to wh,ch irrigation can he applied-a .yT^/u^^r i^rLl;^: pla^l^'in'T.uS 17 e jott during overadoxea lal country ; " • We have done >ugh to the ipei of 1400 , until thejr id ()«a. Lake rand Trunk It hatj now I is paying ' much tue hich will, I >e ups and on may lie is a united the Pacific, ine form a aJa as well ^rom these I the more tts may be ess of the there were on deposit. !ad of eight I go in the Belle Isle, yne o'clock ig. Tiiere- e than six ♦he Royal ravelled to lowledge of e are : " I srtain poor men, with extremely ing for the r with £50 anything, gratjon to ng to Buc- it applies spheres, the above )m which ). la the reful this iwii g the from the cunt mo- I is often iias been r produce from dry British E3 DJ o ■< rr. at ta ii^MiMilli/lLi:: 18 }■" 'I li"* iii'' iiKji'diilv l((ii \\()i ficiii tlio Rod Rive:' II il at ix'li !i iiiii, (fiui l(,'ii'. live, iiml six feet i)i depth ^(tii leiiuluily rai.'OtI, the wliciit iiiuilticititr more liread fo ,I« „• 1 1 .1 • .1 • i.>.'.t. 1 _ rt ^ 1 Coliiiiibiii. A ;ji(il(i' Valley i.f Miuiitulii. very Jiejivy cinys l.jive ^ _.^ ^ ..^.,,. ts ueiglit flum fiiiv uilier. A* a rule .unnciiltiii'e. lutirii! \hV''^St'iTtesVu."(r ii'rCan^ liagiip to wiilmi tjiv U.81 fen- rears leei) coii(liicte.l on the >.-f^tcin of'^a hinl in the- Jiari(lisM0i1h twoin theliUHli.-' Men, knowin- lliat they conld" j^nieced to (.ther lands <-JionJ,| tlieir oun -ive out in fertility, haye cropped recklesMv and reoai(li(sslv < 1 the waste ol tJie jirojierties inherent in the land. 'J'here is manv a -iuautic traet in theStan- whose- wlieat;gro\viiio' capacities have not. indeed been uork'oil unt. hut which havt^ \ci\tr.'^ u> may in tune win enough to buy an outtit for a farm for them^elvc^. Tiie crofters recently sent out by Lady Cathcart, have done verv well witli X'lOO. The -reat point in conducting such settlements as this la^t, is to l.a^e all arran-e I beforehaTid where vou Mshyour fnendstogo Don t let them remain at Winnipei: wastin- their sui>stance iu looking around them. If you wish to help anv man with £100 to ii-o', see tiiat he is told where to go at once, so that he linds his land, and if possible a small frame house and" • oie, ready waning tor bun. 1 ijere are many who iiave lost whatthev hron-ht out because tlie\ were uncertain where to go. Good guidance is necessary. You can -et now j-lentv of and trom several companies, hut the Government lands are 'as vet the cheapest. Do'nol; /et any one imagine that he will rapidly make a fortune."' ' IMPEESSlOxNS OF A FEENCH COLONIST IN MANITOBA. Vi ..\!'ft*'"r'r'''y^" P ■'' 't"n-' ^''"^ '^Pl'f'ai'e*lM'" the Manitoban addressed to the editor bv the ..,r.d'' 'tlM i^outh.llier, one of the party of French visitors, ^yhocame to see the wriies this'Ve .el,r '■' '" remained in Manitoba and bought a property. He {Trundution.) thnw^i'r" ^'"^™'; -'^V" '■''" =™"' ^° ^''^^ '^'^^''^' ^''^' I'ospitality of your c.dumns ? In pub th ng 1 you wi 1 render easier tor me a task, namely, that of replvin,- frankly an,l by t e- to r^^l^SSoS:^^^' '' ''' ''-'' " '''' "^"--'-'^ quesk,.wh,eh have been ^ iou will also j^ive me the opportunity of manife^tini publicly mv sympathy w^t'i •• ;;:^s^rfSt:cS;ieL^^-^ '-'' ''' ^^'-"^"'^'^^' "-' ^^'^- ^■--^ i-pi-'-'wit^Ah;: To the inhabitants of the Province these lines will tell nothing whi(di thev do not already know, but tor readers who are strangers to the couatry thev will . I da e o L ■ u new source of mformation and useful to tlTeir int "rests. ' ' ' ' l....n Jo^''"i'-'''l'^VT- '^/''^^^".'^■^,'«^i' ^t^ii^r that my oonstirution was be- cominjz; newly invigorated under tlie inllueiice of a climate healthy and enunentiy fortifying. Il is only the imprudent and the unforeseein;^ who have' to sulfer from the severity of the season, but do tlie latter any more than the former deserve to have their complaints list- ened to? I think not. The failinijr, of which thev are the victims, does not appear only at the approach of the bad season (I had alino:-;t said the fine seu-^on), but unhappily it is' too often fur them an habitual life companion. As to the fertility of tlie soil, it would be ptierileto repeat all that has already been said on this subject. Bein^ inexperienced in all that concerns ajrriculture I shall be careful not to express opinions which would be simply the echo of ideas already emitted by persons better qualified than myself. I have, however, been particular to make myself acquainted with the incomparable richness of the soil ; I have trav.rsed tlie Province, observing much, listening still more ; and I formulate the result of my observations by exjjressing a tlious^ht which has often occurred to me in the course of my excursions ; thai the Province of Mani- toba is a new field of labour open to the activity of men in which Providence seems to have united all the elements necessary to favour the rapid growth and prosperity of a privileged people. It is impossible to prevent one's thoughts from piercing beyond the horizon bounded by humanitv,and while exercising human intelligence, from admiring the ways of the Creator, in contemplation of the prodigious development of a country, which, after all, is only in its in- fancy, f'ifteen years ago at the most, Manitoba was for many Canadians an unknown land, Tiie terra incognita of the ancient'^, it is to-day on the pointof becoming one of the granaries 'if Europe; numerous agricultural centres have been founded ; towns have risen up as if by magic; a capital, Winnipeg, future metropolis of the "Great North America" rises majesti- '■ally at ihe coufinence of two important streams, the Red River and tlie Assiuiboine; and that powerful auxiliary of labour, steain, ploughs in all directions through the country where a quarter of a century ago the primitive man reigned almost absolute master. That which agreat neighbouring nation with a population of over fifty millions has taken years to project, to impose upon the public sentiment, and to construct— a transconti- nental line, a people of five millions has attained, sustained in its work bv the advanced views of men of eminent rank, aided by enterprisinfr and far Peeing capitalists. In conclusion, addressing myself to French Canadians, I shall say to them : Do not forget your old traditions; do not forget the noble title which has always been ^iven to von, and which you claim with so legitimate a pride, that of an " agricultural peof.le." Come t('> our beautiful Province of the west, around our young steeples, and imiler tlie direction of an illustrious prelate. Established on a fertile soil, in tlie midn of a population in svm- pathy with you, protected bv the most liberal laws in the world; Christians, you will con- tinue to serve God in aiding Him in His work of charity ; loyal sulijecfs of the Qneen, von will contribute to the enlargement of the national edifice by the jtJr&^^V/e of vour bril'ifant qualities of courage, generosity, intelligence and loyalty. These qualities, in becoming the appanage of all, will not the less belong specially to'vou'r old Gallic blood. ^ (Sgd.) ' VICOMTE CH. Dk ROUTHILLIEIi. A LETTEK ON MANITOBA. LETTER FROM BARON VON HEMERT ON RESOURCES AND POSSIBIMTIES The following letter from Baron Von Hemert tol Dintrshof, late of Arnham, Ffolland. now residing at Kildenan, near Winnipee, adressed to Mr. R. R. H.tol Laer, of Amsterdam has been published m the Manitoban, from wliich it is copied. A few foot notes are appen.i- ed in explanation of some points U is given as an impartial opinion : — WiN'xiPEG, August, 1S86. My dear friend ; I have been waiting a long time before answering your letter received early last month, and which was a reminder of the promise given to you, to send you for immigration purpof-es, a report of mv experience here. You knew of "mv safe arrival in the capital of Manitoba, through my letters to Mr. H. v. D. and you will ask no doubt why I did not fulfil »ny promise ere this? My replv is thati wanted tr write you of what I had seen myself of this great country with its openings for thousands of settlers and not take my information from the usual im- inigration n,'\mjihlpts oi* the sayings of other pe 'pie. Some cannot nraise tlie countr" to~ much, others, on the contrary are always fault 'inding and coinplaining of not receiving the high wages quoted in the above-mentioned paniphlets ; the.-e, it is clear", were printed diTring 20 "otliiiig the time of "the boom" or obortlv aiUTwanls, where a day'-* M»i, of i J to *♦ wa. unusual. (See note 1.) ,.Tt is but natural that a reaction siiauid take place after siicli a time «f exc tptnetit in <» cit;y which could only hum. her 21.j inhal.itaiits iu 1870, 3,5(ii) in l>iU, some 5,000 two year' iater and m 1883 over 25,UU0. It is in this period of reaciiun that I came here an.l 1 n.-.-i confess that iny expectations of Winnipeg have been sonifwhat disappointing; but al the same time thin^'3 are improvinij and the good .lavs will return, thanks to the lar^e trade winch the Canadian Pacific Kadway must bring here both from the Atlantic an 1 Pao tic coacita. Miave no doubt that with the returning piwperty of Winnipeg immiiir-^ion will greatly improve, and that Winnipeg will follow the example of so manv Amcr^oin ca.fs, whosegrowthm a quarter of a century has exceeded 100,000 inhalutauts. Winn . ej; wdl not be alone in this progress ; bnttowns like Portage la Prairie, Brandon, Virdon, iMnu-e,:uv and others on the line of rails— the some-trme resting-place of a few inmii.'rants— w ii .-row into great citiea aud prosperous towua, the natural result of a well-directed and .intellw'ent immigration. ° »T, Itiswiti, thisoliiectinn'ew— J c, the advancing prosperity of this countrv— that I ehould like to see our farmers with their small capital ccii:e and settle here ; in the'old coun- try this small capital gives them no promise for the future; whereas here, it will secure for them a free and independent existence. They siiould be men siillic.entlv develo))ed, both Jnoralyand physically, to tiiko advantage of the rights and privil.-._'es whi.di the Canadian constitution guaran tees not only to Canadians, but to all-comers Jike. Besides farmers, rr^S'o"",'^'^ vvil also better thc-ir position here ; and if mechanics (carpenters, masons emiths, etc.), willing and able to work and pos;=essing a knowledge of agriculture, they will br settling in new-opened districts, help in the formation of new vdlage?s and towns, attract other immigraQts tow-ards their neighborhood, and thus contribute to ilieirown advancement In this manner, I think, immigration should be understood and treated. From princi- Ste note^ijT''^' ^'''''"'''''''' ""^ the formation of Dutch, Belgian, Danish or other colonies It may be p1ea«ant and sometimes beneficial for t!ie newlv-arrived immu'rant to tind himseU amongst compatriots, but on the other hand he will take' longer to liecome acnnaint- ed with the language, manners and customs of iiis new fatherland. His children likewise, will fall into the patriarchal vvay of living of old Europe, and will remain siran-ers to the American sense ot progress, that hankering after.improvement which creates new situation,- and tends to social improvement. Whenever a new settlement is started by ener-etic per- Bons, other t-ettlers soon hnd their v«'ay down to it. -^ o ^ i^^' A ,.}\'^-^ r^'"' V'^""^ reading some of the pamphlets, have the idea that this rirh land pro- duces boile.l potatoes and ground wheat, ne Vi-do-weils, or those who leuve the other side of the ocean to escape the penalty of their misdeeds will make a mistake m coining here. This country will not be, as the United States so long have been, the refuge of -.n.h ,,eople. Tiie reason for their coming is too clear, and they will lind themselves shunned b,- the (Junadian, who IS hospitable and ready to help a new-comer who shows his willin..„,,sj to work. This I hr,ve expmenced during my short stay here. The Canadian will help von not as the Yankee, who will see what he can make out of you. (8ee m.te 3 ) un;!:rudgingiy, borne knowledge of agriculture and stocl-raisine, a little capital, pinck and to overcome the diiHculties which crop up at the b perseveranc' ,'iniiing of every new enterprise, as vvel . . I Note l.--ln the pamphlets published by order of the Department of A-riculture the rates ot wages have been correctly given, with the ueces.ary cautions when they appeared to be unusually high. ^ ■^ ^ofe 2.- With respect to this remark of Baron Von Hemert's, it is to be observed in re- lation o the formation of national colonies that it is found, in process of time, they gradually mingle with the general community ; and at first Ihev m.v be not only a of this kind IS thatof the Mennonite colonists, who left Russia for the reason 'that the v did not desire to conform to certain regulations insisted on bv the Kussiun Government and also tha they wisned to preserve their communities intact and in accordance wi h' their own re igious and municipal views. The result is, tlmt tl,e vonn-er no.,nle a-'e beginning to leave this special c.lony, and to take up individual homesteads in the same way as preva.s throughout the No:lh-\Vest. Yout^g Monnonites everywhere a eW mg to spenk the Lnglish languiue. " icaiu AVtfS.-Itisbnt.jnntosavtl.atthe pnu^^^U■, rn.hi,.,.,! u u,^ !V|.,^:.r""nt of A...;..i. ■J 21 4 wa» rotliiiig (' totiietit ill 1% ,001) iwu yea:* re aii'l 1 nri-i <^ ; bill at llie le liir^e tmie ic !i!i i Puo tic fiii:;r'tl on will i('iio»\ii Cities, IV'mn I ej; will li-'ii, iMnu-eiiiw Its — w ii i^row iUJ -iiueliigeut nntry — that I 1 the oM cuiiu- vill secure for vc'loped, both ciie CanaJiaii sides fannerti, ter,-', inasuns, lire, they will, towns, attract uilvaiiceinent. From priiici- ther colonies ijrrant to timl lino acquamt- Ireii hkewise, an>j;ers to the lew situations -Miergetic per- I'irli land pro- • jther side of nu here. Tiiis people. Tiie he Canadian, I work. Tins iiigrudgingly, pe rse veraniv prise, us wel .1 I'iciiltnre the s wheu they served in re- ot time, they not only a villi: ins^ance >n that thev Government, )rdance with >r iip'>i)le are ' in the same -'re are leara- t of A-ricui- Hiron Voa •8 a good Temperament to nupporl (lie lioat ..f sninmi'r an I 'ho sharp l.i-.t iiivi'_'-..ratinfrco!d nf winter, are requifiites for the immiijrant : if he does not pus-ess some <>{' .ncsc, let iiim stay at home for his own salce as well as for the jrood of tliis coiintry— ;i,sywu ,ill tind that one dissati'slied settler does more liarm by his want of snecoss, irene'^ally his own fault, than can be counteracted by the testimony of ton pro-'perous, thrifty fanners who write to their friends of their success, and induce tlieln to t\)]lr to a few cultivation clauses secures p.ermaneni ownership of his land; of the easy terms nn which implements can lie had, of the facilities for workinj: for the first vears, and' saving money for starting for oneself, of the clieap way of living, of the absence'of old conventionalities— of all these it is superlluous to write, tin' average immigration painfihleis contain all that can be said on these subjects. Tiie result of my ex{.erienc>3 is my decision to stay and strive on for success in the new sphere that I have chosen — agriculture— and although tiie voar 18*^6 will not bo anoxtraoi- dinarilv good one owing to the scarcity of rain in May and June, yet J am not discouraged. Although vou were good enough "to furnish me with letters of introduction to sevenil people here, I found it vcrv diflicult to get (Mlice work; as you know, I had intended lookin- rouiid and getting acquainted with the jiooplo, the land, the climate, before making up my. mind to take land. Not getting the work I looked for. I at once began my farming experi- ences, and am glad I did so. My advice to immigrants coming with the intention of settlin.: iri tliis extensive country, is to endeavour to got work amongst good exivrienced farmers In- fore starting for themselves. In this way they will learn what they do not know. The manners an'd customs do not, after all, ditler very much from those of Holland. The^sea- eons, however, are diflerent and operations must be comiucted diiroronily, because of the short time intervening between seeding and harvesting. By following my advice, they will master the language much sooner and this is thecmly real drawback— the' English language. I would strongly urge them to buy a book entitleo •^The Engel^'ch Zonder Meoster," (English without a mastor)by IT. C. Sprocys. I was poi- fectly astonished to see an immiL'rant who had no knowledge of I'^inglish before starting, mak.' liimself understood on his arrival at New York and take part w^itiiou! ditliculty in ordinal;, conversation. From mv experience I would recommend that olTice men, clerks, etc., be (^!ssu,^de(l from coming here unless they are willing to make use of their hands and muscles; if so, tliey will lind a large field ope'n to their energies. They will exjtorience how much easier it is for a clerk to turn farmer than for a farmor to become clerk. 'J'liere are enough yoi-ng men here to Bujiply the (lemand for office men, and as \ have just said, oh\ country clerk's should be cautioned against coming here, wiiere they would lind things diilerenl to what they have been accustoniod to. , , t i i n navin<^ elected to become a farmor I looked for work and I found a p'^'.ce on a .small farm at Kiklonan, four miles from Winnipeg, and owing tu the season bciii£r very much advanced when the present owner bouglit the furm, and its extraordinary dryness, Icoulettlei"l too. After all, tlie immi- j^rant is free to ^'o wliere he will, and I advise him to l'o and look for himself. You see I Jiave kept my pn'mise to lell you what I liave -ieen ; as I jrain more exfierience of the country I will write yon further. No d'oulit durin;rtlie loii'^ winlerovcninus 1 sliali liiid siiiiethin.; to do that will tend toward- iiicrea^iiii; tlie immigration of my countrymen. I muel;.fiaiis are very welcnme here, and will soon "accustoni themselves to the chan:j:e. The climate is very healthy, the sea-^ons are reiiilar and the heat of the days is tempered by cool nigiits which enables the hard wnrkinn' inan to obtiCin refre-^liin;,' sleep. The winter is hui^ and sharp but the cold is invij;..ratin'jr,' the skv is clear and the cloudy days nf Hollaml are unknown. I have seen the sunmier in all its'spleiidor •nid I may say thai not a day passed liut it was piosjblo to work in thetields. Of lUe winter I can only sp^ak from hearsay. I nntice that the liMod nor wiibbeld the bad. " . .- .-: What IS written about t'ne capabilitie-; of tlus coiintrv fur cattle-raisin'.r is all true. 1 be- lieve there i- a ^'raiid opeiiiuL' tor (Hir farmers in that Inie, special!.' tlio.-e win. under-tand thorou-bly tlie makiiiL' of Imtier and clieex- ; in tliis line al.iiie there is a great deal lu be >l/ine. leaving cultivation out of the question. I hope to have tijo oi-casion .-,0011 of gi\'in;_' }'oii fui'ther particulars. \uiiis trulv, W. V')N liK.MKin. ONE POINT OF JXnCKY MOUNTAIN SCENEKY. THE XATIOXAL PARK OF CAXADA. Ti: .1. r)a.i" nip'^!.', in the beautd'n', l!..,v iiver |.as-. ^ii miies from the sunimit 'of the main chain of the Ko..dcy Moiimain-^ and ■; llilie over 4.700 feet above .-('a level, is the centre (,)(' one ofthe most aitractivf rcL':..!!- on i':,--. I.i'.a.d CMitmei.t, and do.-tineil in tiie immediMtc future to necouie one of its chief plea'^n,"- and iiealtii resort-. Th" ■•taiior, li..-: in a beautiful vallev, about a mile in width, interspersed with cliimps of iree« and s' -'Uhe.: ..roMcii prairie, while on the iiortli side the Cascade Mountain (>^o called f''om a.sti).r' s!;-ca !i nf hiire-t snow water wbadi tail- down it- ea-t sid" in an ahuo-t, con- finuous leap a |i;ithill,wir'cl| i< of '■■(■nrce infer- ior lieej-ht- n. iw.'.Mi tiio-ie mou'it.iin< an I -■.lit 1 III t!ie ^t.••,t|.Hl b,.- Tumc! Ildi. so calU'd oii and other ms tlian llie ; it is also I fi'uit. It like Guekl- l1 west at'il •osterii nvil- igciiber;;, u, iTve.i fur a y trip, and llio interests , the immi- ' experience ' 1 shiill liiid itiTHieri. I )ii accu.stoni iir iunl the nil to olititiii sky is ck^ar it-i splcinliir f ihe winter to narnilli willt'T. I liter I sliali 1 ronieniber It use thcui hitn-clr. I :• I planted '.■ upjrear lie- ilnce on tlic i '.vent well. los. I hope I lit yon like .' 1 tlie good true. 1 he- nniler-tand dt-'iil ii> be .MKin i i Y. ■est of Win* liain of the I if the most • to hi'conie 1 cliinips of (f^o called limo-vt, rnn- 5,000 feet, (virce infer- . .s<> culled J rrj] .. ,;li If fiWiW 'ij.l'.C.i'f'S'j ^mi^}ky ,. « = { I:' ■''ill . t 'p ,': HS §. ■t ■'!' K5Miij«iil.feM. ■ 1 ifci Till f Vi^ ir*' ■ , r:;,^^,f,h-J,,:ji,:'f,, Vll,. '\ ■^■1., 2i !ltT'Mri,'*-1"" *!.?* *'"?e,^^« infention of the C.P.R. endnesra to follow the Bow riv^r along ITll I* r'^-h"";j^'^'''"'T'''''^ "'"•'■ '''''•'^•'''' ! '"'tthie w«8 avoidcl l.v followini !) !i 'K M '' f- ^r^,' "'"' '""'^""^' '» •'('tO'"" to ti.e north. This hill is iihnut 1,000 feet Mil R, forest, lake ftnd Ftroam which vv..u!.| richly rp|.;iv (lie trouble of climbin!; were it ever I po imich more ^^ Pnow finds ita^ IrTn-lonJ i'"" plcse to t liese hot sprin-8 in the liotte,-t davM of dimmer are nun.erouai epnnss ot dearest mountain water havin-,' a temperature of .'54 o to .S6 * *►' ,.»♦«! ?f ".'^l'^^ "'"■"i''-^ '■' ^''"!''<"' '" '1 cone t^hapeo cave ahout 3.5 ft. 'deep, .-JO ft. in din- meter at flie ()ottom and ■■""""- ♦ '■ -'- .. • . - . ■' /. ;Z„^ / ''^''''J^r'")'"-'"-.^'''''''""'^^^''*'^ -"^''''''^ fl"'^^e feet at the top where th( covered wk i . '•> 77^/', 'i '^''T'''^ ^*""''' ^"'^ ^'^*^ ^"•^■'^f^-f P"'^''^ -'f ^^'^ sanrlv bottom i loverecl m ith water 2 to 5 feet deep havin<- a temperature of 87 = . The hot water ri'-es in t e ral s po erf 111 spnm: from the bottom and a- favorite pastime with batliers is for two or three to f.ather around one and push him as fur down a.'popsible in the current and sncl ' ^ '"^ thatwhonreie.'i«ed heKhootsuplikeacork. A sire.-im of cold water cave from a rock .shelf on one side, under whicli the and have a cold shower bat" 'i'lie olll. 1 is its force also falls into this •ather can stand in 3 feet of hot water an I (■hores are timbeieil to the water's cd-'e with p in many parts the and all the natural beauties and inteiui, r believe, UKikmi: roa^hamfbrid ?eei';"ud'a'nVonts":o'''-"'''' -'^''^^'.•*'>' '^^^"^ ^ -^^ural park of which her plo .le av j^S leei proud and ot its ^■ccnerv no visitor ever tire« ■ .w."^''''''"''''''''?'?f ^'^•^'■'''■^■''■''"•-•^^''''•'^"^'^^••''^'''^'•'lieir snow clad peaks are mbed in bricS^u^r.h'l'n.'uri^;" '-^"t'T '^^^^'•'"-'l-.'^'-^' '^'^"'^^1 i" -nelbuv n.oonlurit or 'utter i a bright sun.hine while the:r sides are robed in cloud and shadow,they are'ever beautiful.awe" _:lit sunshine while their si.lcs are robed ... ^ ...,.<. mu - inspiring and sublime, and carry the beliolder back to'th td them from the plain e nughty pc wer which iirst upbear- A CIIAPTErt ON NEW BRUNSWICK, THE FERTILE LANDS OF THE UFPER ST. JOHN. The lands bordering on the Saint Jul [by EDWARD JACK.] :\n and adjacent to thatriv er are usually of remark-)/ 25 able fertility from tin mouth of that river tn tlic Saint Francis wliicb unites with it at «♦ point more tlian GU (nilt-^ above the Grand Fall.-. p v^ ''" ^^aiiit .I'pIui runs tlirou;rh iho coal tiiPaHurPs wliich Cfimpri=p po lariin a por- tion of iSew JJrmiswick ilii^ ftriilifv niiaractcrixfs nsiiullv onlv the iiKiicl.iw, uv as ihev are locallv naiiic.l •'lutervjil.-' hiihis which extend back from'tlu' river but a short diHtuiice, not exceedin-' at the nio.st tliree or four mileg. On the Upi)er Saita Jomi, however, it is entirely different since the fertile land consti- tutes tlie lar^'er part of the whole country. Fro^i the Tubioue river, extending n'ortherly for the distance of 30 miles or more, and reaciiing in a^ north easterly direction, from the St. John, to, and iicross the Kestijroticlie, fliere is tlie^flne.^l tract of hardwood land to be found in the Kastern Province. Between 6 :ii 0)0 an 1 700,000 acres of this is the property of tlie New Brunswick Land and Luiubeit toiimany. In July 1S(2, Mr. Richard Tiellamy, Deputy Crown Land Surveyor, surveyed a line foi* a d'iPtance of more than 10 mileo in a northerly direction, nearly through tiie centre of thin, and reported as follow?, on the character of the land and growth of timber: — '* Our route ran thi'ough land the growth on which oon.fisted chiefly of black birch and maple, which in the vallev." was lari^ely mixed with cedar and some Fpruce. 'J"he country wa.s rolling, the ridges generally low and well adajUed to the purposes of cultivation,, the soil was a reddish loaiii, and was in gfiieral, remarkably free from atone; the hardwood, especially the black birches were of large size ; it was "well watered by streams of clear water, as well as by springs, which are to be found on the sides and at the feet of the ridges ; thi.s diritrict would be an excellent one for the growth of grasses, and for stock raising." Li 111? month of June, 1877, he extended this line in the same direction for about 17 miles, and reported as follows : — " Thi.i Country is more level, and the soil even deeper th.an that on the fir.-t ]>art of the line. I saw growing in numerous places, on the old portage road-^ of the lumberniiiii tlirougli the wood--, herds grass and red to|) of exceptional si/e and qn.'ilitv; the land was free from stone ; white cedar was abundant. After we had cros.=ed the Uestigouche river, we found the ridges higher and steeper, they were well covered by hardwood.-^, and tiie character of their soils was good." It is along the front of thi." tract and at the dist.Tuce of but a few mile'- from its western border, that tiic Ni-w ljruus\vick llaihvav p!is-^e«. thu« giving easy iiccc^s to the seu. This part of the New r>run.swKk' Land and LumiKT ('o(iif)aiiv's land is'nearlv half as large as the wli(.le Province of Prince Kdward Island, iitul nearly all consists of arable land of excellent qualitv. At. the western line of the county of Restf.'ouche, upwards of .'10 miles from the line ct' ttie New Biunswick Hail way, the vacant Crown Lands of Restigouche begin, the same cliaiaeter of soil extending north easterly for a long liistance. Most of this county is yet unsurveycd, and but little is known regarding it. ^Ir. John. A. McCallum, Crown Land Surveyor, who was employed by tlie Provincial (/overnment to survey the western line of the County of Restigouche, at page 49 of the Crowi. Land PfcCport, f. r the yoar 1^7.3, states as follows : — "From the northwest auirle of Northumberland County to Restigouche river, a distancw of 28 miles, 2t chains, is very level, with tlie excejition nf tlie descent from the ridge eastof Niclor, into the valley of that stream. The ascent from the stream on the west, is gradual, the land i.s excellent for agricultural purposes being a deep rich soil free from stones, and covered with a hardwood growth of large size. From my own observation, and from whati 1 could learn of tliis scctitin of the county, I believe there is a very extensive tract of the finest farming land in the Province, extending into Restiguuche" County a cunsiderabl'^ distance." There is no doubt but that the'-e are some humlreds of thousands of acres of excellent farming land in this sectioji, still the property of the' Crown; but their extent cannot be de- lined uiitil the country has been properly surveyed ami explored iy competent persons. It is, however, certain tiiat by far the largest and best tract of unsettled lands in Nevp Brunswick,, is to be found on the lands of the New Brunswick Land and Lumber Company, ami on the Crown Lands in this district. Not only is the greater i)art of this territory fertile, and free from sto-^e, but there is also on it a vast forest consisting chieMy of hani woocf, the manufacture of which, at some future day will be a source of prolit to the' agriculturists, who may become settlers upon it after it is made accessible by tneans of roads, more especially as it lie.-^ between two r;iiiway«, the Intercolonial and Xcv BnniKwick, wiiicb are but '80 miles apart, and al-o as none of it can be distant more than 'JO miles, at tha very farthest, from tide water in the Bay of Chaleur. 20 ^1 '^^i^^^urlyl;^.'!': >'r!"'r"^'"^ '^•. « p'^*"' * «i'«'-t •li^tanoc bd-nv ti,c o extend iiig HOutUcrlv to tlic hcail of •of Knowlesville, is" ul.so t.j bofomi,! uiiutlier I one of tlu! bmiiohes of tlie 15 iilcpmo aiKi afi,'t' extent of forest c i'ciii,'iuiiico nvtT ill thp 17 Tlicse valiinMe lands cliioflr re^t on rofk-q nf Fnr or <3;!.,,.' n'. • con.i.i.' ul.i. punioa of C.rl'u.uli^Tlune ' lormut.ou. her. carry fith thoi.i Die wt'II known coiuitv of Aroostoolf in flm S(nf« ^>r Ar„;.,« r • ' '""'-'" -I'l^ I'"l"ilatu>nof tlio Stateof Miiiiie, in I8si)-sl ivicfiiomo „•■ v „ the Fame piTiud, it was 321, 2:5.']. T\u. m i I'lfu n of M-un/ i i^ ^ ^'^ n>--in.whk. at 21,^80, Of New]3ru,i.vi<.k,^o,G;:9. ^.u!!- 'wh :",.:^o ; J"; J?^:?^^^ ^-' ^-f- " Avhole p„,M,ha).m .,f tiie Siatc of iMaiiic was du.' to tliat o ho C 1 fv - f A "'"'? '" ^'"" tiiaii on.-hlt!i of tlie ii,cr^a-e in that of N\mv lir n,s v 1. , • \""'^-^ of Aruu.-tnok, uu>u^ trict on the Saint John which lie. iwS c^^l S\ i^L'^^ ^"' ""'^ ^l'^" the nuith of Frtdcricton. '" bJtuutcd oO miles or more to In ordertodotermino the future pocfiibilitio>^ of the va^t tra^t of forill. r.. . land fthove monHonod and do.^crihod wIio^p i.rwih, ,, i / fciliKs forest-covorod bi^rh hill. ar,.i ohna-od h n Is. ,, e l'. ' «onrof ho^T '"'Vi'^'^V'"^'"-^' ^'V two rangos of ISioga. I,otwoen which it ho , t e ' or . t .,• ,n r'l'"' ''? "■'"'" l"" "'' "^'■•"' ^'»' «'"-' visaed .omo of the most reli;a:;;n.n;;:;^re;^din:;r Vi e lJ^;:i:^; ull'Sie r '"'?"" ;V^''r'' iocalitio.scan to appealed to at !tny tJnie '"^"'''^^^^' ^^^'^ '"« ^^•^■i» ^^"-^vu m thoiz- various w ),ay. W|,c„ 11,0V nre liavinJ-iVlim ",','.",'''■, .'''"■ '"<"['' "".l-r f^.l of fl.eep '°'- M^uV'" r'''';'' '^ '^^'^'''^'^ e^^« to the Uiiitod S.at^s '^ "'""^'^' ^' "^^"^ "'^ *^■^^- Au, It ;;;:,rwLt^tmn^n^o^t^^'ii'''^^jXn i^l';^^'^^^^^ ^^'^^ ^^ ^ ■'- '-»^ ^o. The.;^::: u::n:Ss^iniS.';^^eh^;:^,r^;:;:f r^^ \''t ^^ -'-^ ^"-^ -»^-- cut slioltor. Occasionally, a sWd is "oSV;;^'!;;!;;"" '" ''" ^"" ^""^ '^" ''^'^''^ -^^^- outa;^S^!:^:4;rl,;;:;':!.t,Jhr!,^t;s^^ cait e for tho market we hoc^jn in Nuvem ir o. n^pl? ' ■ i" " '"^'''"''"1 ^'^ f"tton buckwheat bran, this >s contin id , , ti t ' o i.tlp !v^ r''rr-l''''''i "';'"' l"""""^-^ "n-nips and f.-on> January to March. ihxvuaiS,^',XltuZ M "' ",'"' I-'^-'" /" ""^''^^■^ '^''i'^l' i^ dnvei. otfand transported by ra.l li tloir l' a 1."^ '"-' '" ''" ^'"^^^ '•^^^^^- ^'^' A larixe number of .„i|,.h cow -iro so! -1 -,•-,> i ' • i j gates^ A great dou! of hav hasa lo hfn ^'" "''^^''"" fiJmted Stated. The avera-e' ;.vico of hey are . n-hond which go to the United •L fnn ,,^'^'''"'"^'' ''."'"I'Jl"-^ P'i''t of the oonntrv to the ^ full-grown cow,s$2(), of yearling, from $3 to $10. / I' ill tlip r<-n;' I uwncil iil.'^u jf tilt Beta- I marl* nn.! illi ««iuth of ■ Vith tliwji nsiori totho ■ tu tilt' eu^t. I'l'e similar; lifady beeu "ii.swhk, nt ten VMus. • •cii.-e I'u tlu- '""Iv, inure 'f that tlis. ur iiiuro ty fofirs from rf.'^U-Sl was )revi(iiislv. more than est-covoipil ) ran go s of Tth of the lit niiiter, « of Carlp- refhe piib- ? j^'ives the •ir various of Wood- I know of inonc; the swold and 1. nt to pas- 1 of sheep na of hay ) the niar- per cent. ;'i farmer the aver- tmb from 2 winter, ter vvith- itor with- to fatten mips ami wliicli i- riu-y are e United rv to the ;3 to tio. 27 I'litn'viiU', i\vora:e« H cenf^ per Ih. : oliir) iK'keii* Hf|(I ftfi^op^ 7 rpi,f< I ( Btitf-*]., dolivorcd nl C or aiV-'nu,',,!!''''''^'""'' ^'^ ''^''"■'' J"''" *^' '^ ''^'' '*'*' *•'■"'.>■ niised' Iktc ui..i e la.'rt^ but'liule' tved il'^-M 111^1 n,7l!".T ".'li''" ';VP'"'"2''1'!'-1<7'S -Ire^sed, i. about '.',] Ihs.; dnrksn 11h. , ^oo.e.T poese vvhiehv ■.^:!'' d ^1 1 V •''■*''l";'"tly .seen dres,ed turkey,, which weighed 20 lbs., and aozen , cheL all '.''•'•, ^■'' -•'',, "''"">-' "'«' ^^huio M-a.^on. will uver.'i.'o about 15 cent:, per Ti n Uw ,;. ■ •^'".''^ '"''' "'■ ' P"t'it'«'>S '>'">i 2.-. (;ent-. to 50 eeuts ,.er bushel. isSOi) LVrL'ivw ''' ^''^-''■^'"'^rt ni.inb.M-,.f bn^hHs whud, [ have taken fmn, an acre This i ,;.?.' 1 '"■"', ^^'''''''''^''''PiU.t.-d with tiuMuand I he yield wa. 2,^00 b.ishel.H. aiioth 1 imh^ •'.;"" il' "^'^•^'^•^••r, ^ V^^-^" '^'^^•■^y^ Pl.-..v'!>"d up my hav land and planted 1] ton. t e f ,, r''i.'''/''° "'"' ''^ the live year, the laud will out before beim,' broL-n up Vl^. ' v"E n- ;; 7? '^rr iT. S,.,neycar. u,o the weevil wa. very dc.t;;;c;iv^ i^ i " III .u \ luuH in,m lo to 1() t)n-jiM|s to one .>t.nn Indian ;.;;;.?" r;:.;V;;:;.' T' '-'ll '■"^'''''; '■■■•"" ^"'^ ^'^^-n M'-t of our farmer, frnnv a little Ht ,1 i,ui n. Leans ^nnv well ; .smno fari,u>rs .i:row vear v fr,,m 2:. to 50 biL^hefs. ()„ „ew ga i ; T^Airi-S ''of^rrr ; i"* '""■■■"^^•ii i"- '•"^^'' '"° "^^ "--'^■^^tteution maii ti.;- a" IV \ All Jviml,-. uf veirelable.s grow well here wlTavera". 1,,"^^ "''' '""d, 150. « »ats on old lan,l Hiderei .",,.; ni^^i^ , ""-' ''''''*'• ^^"^ ''""' " '''■'"' ""i--^ "f 1'"^' t- the nere i.s cou- on t.as re a o. e will ," „ Vf ' "' ^''"'" ,"'■'■ '''*''''* ^^'"'" ^''0 wool is carded. A cmv e av ' 1 a k^' nl^w! in '' Ti ■'■'^' ^- ' "• '"'V'''^'- ^ '"'^■" '^"""■" •^"'•''^^'^ 'o yield 2 11... iob ';eI.fom-ma^,^^^ 1 U-re is not much thrown in this Incahty. ' Jlave oltaine.l die of the m It is' he i . t, ^'":^:''f'" "•^"" the 1st to the 20tl. Mav'. About thu nod- luss ri o./^ in 1 J^^^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^" ''"'' '-'"•'^'" '^'"l l'lH"t potatoe.s. The earlv he i 'n in ,?s OM on r" 'f ll" '"' ^'" '"''';"^' "'' •'""^' ^^" 1<""'~ "'■ '■""t crops do we I V u nil |>\: ui r-'""" »'•"•• I'l^'-ome .^tono. Lunestone i^ found in varion. places ,„ the we -.t u'^t^V^^^^^^^^^^^ TT''' >'i^'!''^^t'^'-'t:« bn.shel.sto ,he acre. Un old land ^ ' -^ .'"-t/'l'O'it l;i bushels to the acre; ^n new, about I a bu-hd. be ve V mm'h h^i'rJa'eVT'""^ '"^ '''^^ '';"""■ ''^' '''='' '^''"^^^^'-" '''o above figures can ot \(i\ mm ft incieaseil, 111 isomecases ncar.'v ilnubled |'-T*<.'"'''i'''"p^'"-'' ';,^;]»^-^^''"'"l< t'n!ed .n p.eeeofla,ilbLrc.d.lin;i^-n;ftit\v£'S;';!;^.tt.^^ viuu:.lv for miiverv 1111 riH,.-e.s The vieid u-n« rk I „ i ^i . '■ ■ "''"''"*^^'' P" r;,„i , i;a 1 i"! I"' '■■''• I' f ;it"i ua.s (o liu^-iiel.s. 1 he sea-on was on v an on inarvuiie „ntn,^oL ' n '?' ^""' '■ 'r-^' '" -''''"' '' f''^T'f'>'tlv l>roke., up. manured a„d 1 iVi i ,' potatoes ihe next year, wiihout any further manurmir, ,t i.s lown with whca r oat' any nlrihei' manun:;!:: '' """ '''" '"''' ''"' '^ '^ ^'•'■'^"-'"^- ^-'-■' "i' -'^ ^^^ ^^'' -tliolu The yield of o.ts iiftor a orop of pota(<.,.s l,as been jiKt taken f-om land wlivl, wa« nianured to grow them, uitliout any more manure, i. tVe.p.e^.My from io to 50 Cu^hd^ io t]?e nro.iZirl':l:!;:::it,]::::,^^^^^^ -- on wen man- an acre was 10 laisheK the low yield ^.ii^t:^;;!!;;^.^!/;;;;;;:^'/,^;;:^;^; ' ^^'S I::;: lie are apvield of wheat on propeHv manured land i.s 20 bushels to the ucr; I W knoAvn . bushel.s of wiieat .s,«>n on burnt land to v.eld upwards of 90 ]>areyisbut luile -rown here. Cabb.aee, beets. turnii)s, parsnips an.l earrot^ vield well as do eueumbTs, pumpkins and squashes. Tumi ■ '^"" ^'^"^^V.^ '^'"^ land, the .seed is tlirown broadcast over it aufl harrowed in The yield peraere is fi'eqnentlv more tliau 400 bushels fiame results have been obtaineil. Wheat is .«own verv earlv or verv late to esenpp the won-, o U.at.s are sown from about the Nt May until the Isi j'm.'ei ''Harvesting takes nlace fn.m he first week m August until tiie first week in Se,.tember. Of course there are E,en y !:ate crops which will not be -ot in until the end of Seutr-W,er. ^^>t,iJl^ u'u'v Iv ulant are usually ;L'rown on burnt No more attention i." required. On old land well cultivated the 28 •d fron. tl.c iMt in the nu.l.llo of May, ft.Tor.lm- to the ncft-on. V'''T.'''V' " < M,,!, ur^ of Sfpten.lHT. We^row Uvrc a jTi-chI muu.v ii|rpl(H, clnilly (.( tiit- l>ii.'ii.-ss .>t '/•'""'''';K variety. Our chief .lt|.»ii'lcn.-f Tt wioicr ai.i.l.-s i« iu».ri ui.jrrnflo.l trceM wliurli '"*^^ ,";'," crown from tli.' -eel. Tl.i^' imim .'X.u'll.'iit .i.iintrv f.-r nuMii;.' -U>vU, Uor^v, ciitiif, m»"P crown from Jli<' -cod. i lll^' i^ iin f\<.«.'iifni i iMimi.> km i.i. ..i^i ••■>.■. - f -■- ■ , ••« Slid pijTH UH wdl fts jK.iilirv tl.iive well Ihto. Muih Imy '^ fxi'^'f't'l ''i'""" ''"'* «'-»""")' 'T '•" Tlic avcra^re viiliie of liuv l.tTo, tiikiiijr (.no year with ftrmthiT, is al-out f'H p'-r ton. i u« Tifld lu ffoin one to two toiiH to the a.Tf. llt-tipr iMiltiviitioii would {?iv*' h lii^'lur yif .:li:^h farrncrn omii!;; here and hrinv'ii.^' with then, a moderate amoiins of capital w..uld " U eoiild he had here a» fron. £:m to XGOO Kterlin-, ncuu.rdinii to locality. This part of New MrHMs-wKd; ih P'" 'f'^'r ^ fertile, there ispcareelv a hundred acres in thi,« vicinity which is not capable of cultivation. There is a trreal deal of limeMcne tiin>M;:h tl.i-* country. This is a iioud butter margin,: cunt- v. Durin;: tiic pummoi- ny fair eow will averftgo on pasture ans on old land for 3 yevrs. l.a-t year lad three-f]uarters of an aero „Uuru Jaild'i^niore than 400 bushel..' This .eason h. du;: 50t) hushes from an acr. of n^w land. Ti:^ land was well manured^and ^yr;^un. .u. >Uso ^used. ^^^^ ;th_ better^ cu^tj-. Thi« orchard is in connection with a large farm and no Fpeoial attention is paid to th« trees Thov a.-e, hov.-ever, well manured yearly by broadcast manuring. ^ ^ ,, . The average yield of the total of the crops named below on tne tarmb of the following farmers in Carlet >n County : W. Cnll)crt?on, Waterville, John A. Lind'^av, .lacksotitown. John W. Uriltoii, Wakelield, A. C. S. i'lummer. Bedford Palmer, WaterviTe, Elisha Phiiijis, Jacksonville, wa« as follows • Oats to the acre ,40 « ^'''}f^- l'''^"-'^' f,^, '.:::;:::;: " i-2ston=. l^y 100 lbs. to the cow. 'iutter • ,i|, 6 lbs, to the sheep. ^ ^ M of oat^ and potatoes for the Countv of Caileton in the years 1876--8-79-B^ fc nniled from ihe returns of 'he various agricultural societies. ' 32*1 """ ;■.■■ 146-9 i uiii^es ( m I i •l«iL*tl7T.^'h' ''";">,^"',^^'tf'" |--ll'wing Sfatf. frnm the Report of tU Comrni Maine , New frumpHhire Veiiiiorit Mart-iioliiuirtt.-t .. Klj(j.io I-laiid ... ContH'(!ti(;ut .... New York Pennsvlvutiiii . . . TetincHdee Illinois lowtt KaiiHari Mr. IVrickMfiWillintn, Uut,-. I'ulttlOMU 25. i) 122 31. G n% .34.9 Ul 29.4 111 :ii.6 93 32.9 lOo 32.4 lOo 31. H 17.6 7l 30. « u .35.8 h 3;m H uere, is 20 ImiiiclM to the aore. laad Uats hore will avcniiri. f,.o„, 4() to .;0 buHheld to the acre. Thev ai lotatoe.-f, on profM-ilv ciihivaiea himl, will averaj,'0 here mor." tluu acre, i'or the last 12 yearH, witli one excel. tion, my crop has e.xr ,ll.r,n„ ...^, , . , .'""*"',' ''<^^tma.ster at the Oran.l Fall.S Ceuntv of Victoria, owau a farm distant uhout u niilc- fn.,,, the Fulls, which he cultivaleH. Ho huv. : '""'•«* '•rm ^thJT • ,y? P*^f'i'''M''""'i'!J,' from the 10th to the 15th of Mar. Wheat, oata and Sarv Jr ri' '"' V''^' ^•'"■^if "" ^Z'' , '>H;knl.eat. are Hown at the 8an,e t.n.e. Gram i« u^ualJT harveHte.ltroi.. thelsttolhenu.Mloof SeptcMuber. Potatoes are , In- Iron, the 25tli of t'J:l'T}'': I" \''^ ^VW^' ^'"'H- , '1''"' '^^^'^'^^ yi-l'J "f ^vh.at, on properly cnltivataj 1 I have liHii ityielil mnch more. are a sure crop. 1 200 hiHhels to the \,^A ^^ ^ , 1- ^ ■-■ J •■•-■. -..v. v,.»,^v,.,,,.,,i, iMT v;iup lias exiri'i'ijcii tluH. One year I Sfr fh^ nTT' "'/'''' -V"'' ' ^Pl''"te:Sl;'.hu,sla.I.saii,l after di.,r.n„' then, all Hummer rZi.\ 7 '/ •">■ '^""'y' "'"t-l' 'H liir;,',', in llu- a.Unmn I put in u.y cellar 300 bunhels of picked potatoes, the Htnull oiien llavln^' been ctillcl from them. 1 think the Co HwolJ nu.v.'d withco.nm.ni biT...|.are the best, thev -row lar-o and produce goo d wool Cattle and horsen also do well and .re verv fn-e fiomMrseaHe. Uur fa. mera do uot jrive cattle that attention durin-the wii.fr and .spni,- which tlu'v require r« K f "*''i "''^'" *^" V*,',^ H""" '*^'"^" ^'* ^'"'P''""'", clear, and burn (o'reMland seas to make it ready for phwitni-, probably $;{ per acre would plant it in potatoes. New knd will srow »nyt 1111,- ordinarily -rown liere but buckwlu-at, which -rows too rank and Htron- to yield V I ' ''^f '"■ ''^vT "'■'; ^"'Vl' "" '"''^ ''''"' J'''"'*-^'' •'^«''-''' '-^ ■''^^v" Willi them, after the tirst crop has been taken New laud li.re will cut -rass well for or 7 years ; tiu' last yoar it wil yiehi u.u. an 1 a halt ons to the acre. At that time the ..uali Miiiups will comV out and there is then no trouble in plou-hiu- anion- the lar-er oiien. After it has cut .MasH for six or seven years the l?.rid is broken up and seeded down with oats and -ras.s heed, no manure being used, it will cheu yield a crop of oats and three or four of -rass; sometimes iwo oroos Of oats are taken from it in auccessi.m, and three or fourof -rass without the u>e of manure 1 liave heretofore been engaged in luuiberin- and exploring fora numborof years. I have worked on (,rand and Salmon rivers getting timber, the character ot the forest covered land be- «ween (.rand kiver and iobique is, that is, in general, excellent farming land and Keaeral'r free from stone. ° ** '"*"*'/ I have frequently noticed the soil at the roots of blown down trees and in other placei and observed that it is deep; it is usually of a brownish cast and i.s mi.xed with black loam' You meet ledge in but very few places. I have been through the Province a good deal and thmk that thin is the best tract of country that 1 have ever seen. For further particulars respecting the Province of New Brunswick the reader is referred •o the special pamphlet on tliat Province which may be obtained b v application to any of the agents whose addresses are published on the cover of thia pamph'let. PROVINCE OF MANITOBA. A SLANDER REFUTED. The foMowing paragraph originally published in an Ottawa paper, on Saturday D» cember, llt.i last, has been extensively published in United Slates and other new-tVmers The statement bnng pppcilic. it ha-^ \.ven thought be'tcr to make an ^'Mquirv ii^to ^''h facts* wit;: t,.^ o !,,»>■ or • .rv -i. ..••..;•;;■.,,.• t .r: ,.. '.,..•..;,. .vt, . t .•.,•., , '■■ ' , '"* 30 have been made '>y Mr, John Bangs, formerly of Ottawa, who went m fettle neat Brandoni. ID Manitoba, aud who is reported now to have moved funlier west near Calgary. " 1 have )u-t abandoned 6t0 acres of as good ground as the sun ever shone on, after I have Punlc $15,000. The iir.st year I bad a good crop and got Toe. a busliel for my wheat» tben fcrtwo vearn overvtbini; wa.s frozen in the grounil ; tiiis year it wa.s a fair crop, as I got from 15 to 122 bushels of oat^^ to tbe acre, but all I could get fortliem was 25c, The , '-f'cond year I was there I got 6.000 bushels of wheat, but all I could get for it was 25c. ' The cause of this is tiiat the C. P. 11. arrange their treiglits for themselves." Tlie following is a certificate of a milling firm and of giain dealers and elevator owners in reply to the a.-,-ortion made by Mr. Bangs : — " Brandon, January 3rd, 1887. "We the under-=igned grain buyers of Brandon Manitoy)a, do hereby certify that ths (Statement ma le bv John Bangs amrpii"li'^l>t'd in the Ottawa Free Press of December 11th, 1880, stating tliatthe C. P. railway owned the elevators on the line of railway, and that this 18 not a wheat country, is not true or correct. "The C.P.R. does not to our knowledge own an elevator in this coui^try, and the wheat of Manitoba is acknowledged, and justly so, to be sui>erior to any other wheat on this con- tinent. If Mr. Bangs has'not succeeded in farming in Manitoba he must attribute the cause to other reasons than staled in his letter." (Signed) Alexaxder & Co., Millers. I). O. McLaikin, Grain Dealer and elevator owner. K. Campuell, Grain Dealer and elevator owner. J. A. Mitchell, Grain Dealer and elevator owner. The following ip a letter from a farmer in the vicinity, giving bis testimony as to th^ actual facta in contradiction of the Btatement of Mr. Bangs: Brandon Jan. 14th 1887. SiK,— I note in the Ottawa Free Press, &n interview by reports of Mr. John Bangs' in. which he says tliat myself among others have given up farming. For the past two sea-'ons I have let my Farm on shares, and as I will not be at home this season, I intend letting it again in a' similar manner. Mr. Bangs' no doubt was led into the same error as myself ami many others, we were too sanguine and went too fast, or in other words when we commenced here, everything we required, such as cattle, horses,, and implements, were at boom prices, consequently we liad to make a heavy outlay, which of course requires some time in getting the outlay back in cash, but if the Farmers who have made this expenditure, would sell out the stock purchased as well as _th« increase of stock, I question if many could show a loss, but would have their capital intact, having the living themselves and of families to the good their lands improved and enhanced in value. There may be in Mr. Bangs' immediate neighbourhood ^ome of the Fettlers who have left their'iands, but in this locality I am not" aware of one single settler, who have left his farm. As to the Elevator grievance, Mr. Bangs' says the C. P. li. own all the Ele- vators along tlie line. ',This is certainly a mistalce on his part, I am certain they do not own ari Elevator m the town of Brandon, there are hve P^levators owned as follows. Ogilvies, McMillan Bros. McLanrin* Mitchell & Co. and Alexander & Kelly. I am not aware ""that the C. P. R. own an Elevato r other than the receiving Elevator at Port Arthur, which I think is well that they do. If the storage at Port Arthur were in the hands of priv- ate parties I do not think the shippers would be long without cause of complaint. From what I have seen of the C. P. ti. as vvell as in transactions of my own in Ian' matters, I have always found them rea'iy to further the interests of the settler in any wa7 they could. I was one of the first to purchase land from the C. P. R. with many others, aa a rule on in!*talment principle, and as yet I have never heard of a single ca>e where the company have pressed any settler when'in errears. From what ?have seen the C. P. R. have always, shown a dispo-i'ti.Mi to further the settlers interest, and wiiy not? The prosperity of the Farmer means the pro^^perity of the C. P. R. and 1 cannct think that the manafjers of th* road would attempt in any way to kii! the Goose that lays the golden egg. I am Yours Truly Chas. Writfmead, Sec.T J '0. R. 11 ^i 31 as I H f- IS u U'tttT tiT Hi aiKliici' fiiriiKr :ii the The fulldwiui merit attontion : — To the lii'T)ii;:ralion A;L;t., riiiunldii. .Mar,,, ."dli Jaiinarv .Toliii I'.an--. )iul'li^liC"l ill the Utiawa Frtfl iVr-.vx. .laK-l llic ■vouM ~av ill at I am truly sony U.r Mv. \]:\\t'S-' !■ -.- am! «-.-^« vu'uiitv tThtaiiiiii;.''^faet-; which' 1»=7. SiH.— K(. tlio -tatonient o itii ilav if DcccnilxT. iS'-i^, I ;iiM aJMi -..n-y tiiat he altnl.utes it to the country iiiPtead of to the fact of tlie Pptculative mania which poseseed him and the other gentlemen he named, as well as many others whom he did not name. But it is an estahlislied fact tiiat in every industry tliere are failures and I supposed Mr. Banys' farming operations have bt-en such as a matter of course. J could cive, if nccesf-'ary, the names of a dozen young men wlio came here with less than $100,"\vlio to-day could take away ^2000, iiutthey have ^luck to their farmi-, lived witiiin their means, did nut --peculate very much on the future, and tiiey are perfectly satislicd with the country. My farm is just 2J miles from Mr. Banffs and I will give you tlie facts about wheat growing and pricea since this di.^trict wiis settled by wliite men"in tlie spring of 1881. I arrived here onthe 14tli day of May 1881 and liavebeen farming iiere ever since, liave no intention or desire to quit larming or leave the country. I have made farming pay here bet- ter than I did in Ontario. The fc'llowing figures can be vouched for by e'.ery farmer in our district, since Lib- arrival here. 1881 wheal ripened no 1 qua! ity yield 40 bus. prices 1.25. 1882 (< « «( «> « 45 <( << 1.25. 1883 « it M u « 40 (( « 80c. 1881 «i 80 " *l (( « 40 « (1 65o. ' ; iir;o-es onlv. 32 ■Ua,,.- «"'l'l'<' ■"»""•■'■'■'■'■'""";'•- ,'"■,■•'•'"''-"""'■ „,„ -....i.^Mher b.>»...eM contacted tneir i!lei:itiiiiute biismo--. r,,,,,,,.! ,;,,,.p is,-2 I have owne-l and occupioil over ■ iral.le as anv cuu.Urv on the American ,<-;";^'"f''\.^^^,, „_ p^j^.j. an i have over 25.000 Tne Gran,l>n Bros, own To.Oi.O '^';.^f .«,'^;;^„',.^^jf f ,",/;:, ^ run their farm. acres un.ler cultivation 1 .;ey are practical j''^;;^^^/^^^-,-^,/, heels show lari^e profits, :"ll aurely -ane to Mau:tuba farmer, in tue near tuture, ^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ Samuel Hanna. iiah.v.mk, 40 St. Hnocli S;iuaie. BELFAS r Mil. Ch.vkt.ks Fo.x, 21) Victoria Place. DUBLIN Mil. Tho-Mas CoNN-oi.i-Y,Nort'hii!n\)orlanl House, BRISTOL Ml!. J. W. Down, BathBri.l;iO. I).,- etar> , QUEBEC .... TORONTO... OTTAWA . . . . MONTREAL. KINGSTON . HAMILTON . LONDON ... . . HALIFAX... ST. JOHN... C A;N A D A . JN THE OLD PHOViNCES. .Mr. L. Stafiokd, Poiiil, Levi?, Quebec. .Mil. J. A. DoxALUSOX, Strachan Avenue, Toiuiitti, Ontario. .Mil. W. '. WiiJ.s, Wellington Street, Ottawa, Ontario. .Mil. J. J. I>Ai,KY, Bonaventure Street, Montreal, Province of Quebec .Mr. R. Mac'pheiisok, William Street, Kingston, Ontario. .Mr.Johx Smith, Groat Westenrllail way Station, Haiiii'ton, Ontario .Mil. A. G. Smyth, London, Ontario. 'I ..Mil. E. Ci.AY, Halifax, Nova Scotia. J .Mil, S, GAiii>xi;i!,St. .John, New Bruii.swick. IN MANITOBA A XI) THE NORTH-WEST. WINNIPEG . .Mu. W. 0. 15. Gkauamk, Winniiieg, Manitoba. EMERSON Mil. J. E. Teti-. RaiUvay Station, Emerson, Manitoba, BRANDON Mii.Tiios. Bkxxkt, OHice al the Railway Sfation. PORT ARTHUR.. Mn. .1. M. McGovern. TN RRirrSff COLUMBIA. I VICTORIA Mr.Joiix Jessop. m1I5ICINK HAT.. Mr. Morrison Sutherland, Calgarry, J.Z.C. Miqxieton. ' !!iiV, \ \IjX) poplars that ADOKN TllK l.OWKH HAMPAKTS. IllMLT ON TIIK HIT • OK TIIOSK WIJICH DIOFKNII" fcll THi; CITY IN 1759. '1 HE WALLS HAVK UKKN NK(;LE(.'T- Kll, HIT AUK NOW IIKING UKSTOUKD TO THKIB ORKilNAL CONPITION IIY THK i»«)MiNiox (;ovkhnmi;nt. PART OF THE LOWER RAMPARTS, A \1B.W AT QITEBF.C. By II. R. H. the Princess Louise.