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BRYCE, Honorary President, DELIVERED IN CONVOCATION HALL, OCTOBER 25th, 1895. WINNIPEG : MANITOBA FREE PRESS PRINT. 1895. ''"'ss". GREATER CANADA. Sottlt'int'iit of Our Vacant Lands— Mi'Hiotls of Ininii^i-a- tion— The I iiil.vinyj of the V^irious ElfnuMits <»i" tli« Fopnliition; tln' Froe Pnblh* ScIkkiI the Chief Agent in this. Our >iortlnve*4tern Cmada fhwes tlii- yejir, tlie first (juarter of a cen- tury oi' Hk exifcilonce, (i« a part nf tlio Douimion, l'wherea, the Territories and Britisl: Columbia occupy a large part of the discussions of the Dominion parliament and of the thought of our Canadian peojile. The reason of thl.s in not liard to find. A generation ago tlie oasftern province** were unconnected, and un- acquainted Avitli one anoither. Their British connection was tJieir only bond. It waK the tliought of an unit- ed half-continent that brought the provinces together. Tlie accpiisition of RupertV Land wa-s a pre-confedera- tion idea in old Canada, going baelj to 1857, ])ut it became a,t confederation a living insne. It was a noble dream for our Ktate.smen tliat they should rule a territory whose eas-tern and western shores are washed by the Atlantic and Dacific oceans; it waken- ed the fire** of patriotic hearts to feel that the harbors of Halifax and Rs- quimalt, the rendezvous of the great navy whose flag is known on every s«a, were our Canadian outposts: H roused our national spirit to think that we had the pofasibllitv of Iml'ding u|> a frei', iutelligiMit, ijurposeful, and hardy nation under th(> aegi.- of the Polar star. WliONCi i:\ I'ECTATItWS. It is useless for us to discuss wheth- er our (juarter of acentury ju>(t ])a.sfle .stal)ijldrt.y and greatna-is. "Only tho.-o are crov^ujd and sainted Who with grief liavr ■( n acquainted." Ni:w coNi.; riONS. The con"»•'*"»■'• It Is not HurprisitiK that tlu' a«lvn.Tic<'.nwvnt of no\vc*i- re- Srhms of tlio Dointaion hns 1m><>ii Iosh rapUl tliaii wa-i ..xim-cUhI, or tliat wo liavo afi-ellng of (H^^appolntinont In ^Hn pur ruin. Hasty clvlliaatlon like a plant »VH>n our ruin. Civilization liko a i.lant which grows too rapldjy. i,,cks the oleinoots of iK>rmanf^nc«. Many fanilHeH came to the Nor1>lnvo»t to spatid» ho« are we to make ltti)osiKi,ble for tlwuu to settle, and whalt steps are f,.asibh* for our government to adopt Ih a problem of first import- ance. ' OUK \ACANT LANDS. Let UH see who owns tha vacant anu>H of Manitoba. After making var- ous encpiirles and estimates, the fol- lowing may he taken to approxinia.te to the amount of land li, possesion of the corporations named • Canadian I'aclfic railway, 1,000.000 ""^""irs^ii^oiT!;;^^ ('^°'^*-"-' "^ Northwestern Land eonip.uiv, .-.00.- 000 acres, ' oon'ooo"'"" * >>'<"-th western railway, j_M»,ooo acres. Sphool lands, 1,200,000 acres. Hudson Bay C(unp;iny, 1,000,000 acres?. Red River Valley half-breed lands unoccupied, 1,000,000 acres In the figurefi the wriiter has keptj wen witliin the amounts possessed by the different Imdles. But lunv start- ling a problem It Is to enquire, How can these bo utilized ? The difficulty does not arise as many thlnkj from the high figures placed upon their lands by these bodies. Much land can ]>e Iwught at $1 and $2 an acre. Tlie C. P R. lands .and N. W. Co 'a lands, amounting to two and a quar- ter millions of acres In Manitoba*, do not aA-erage above $3.7.5 an acre, and It must Iw remembered that these are mostly selected lands. Thess corn- companies all want to sell. There Is too much unoccupied land In the country to make it profitable to hold It. ,Tf|Tj,j hci^ A PLAN WANTKD ^VIlat I*' U> be UouQ? The preneat luetliod will not wMtle up the country. I'ive Uioui^iu.l nu'ii came from (Jriturlo to ht'lp MunitolMi Lii the luirvest. Mfiuv of theui woui.l remain, hut no way ^1'«.1" "i' to them to ohtaln laaa ejiMly. The terms of any of the com- puuiet, are heyoud their reach. Were tlie lamlH free tJiey might perhaps try to home*steuil, hut tlie effort required to make a U'shuihiK, and also to pay their InstuluH uih wltli interest de- t.Ti< th« ni. Only a Hm.iil pereeuLjiire of tlicn» will likely remuin with 'is Indueemrnts cannot l)e lield out at present to Huiall land oecupiers and ag'neulturistk. of JOngland, .Scotland and Ireland, «- ufflcient to hring them co .Manituha, Kven aeeoimtH of our Ki-eaL iiarsx'nt of this ye.ir. while tlicy draw attention to our province, can- not ( p;>n up u way for tlie willing im- migrant to make a Im ginning. Wlio must act In this nmtter? I'lainly tlie provincial governiiu nt. Suppose the proviiicla: g(.vernmint \r()uld arrange with Mime of thewe companies for a • million and u half (jf acres. That would give about a qnartir section to 10,000 settlers. Let the settler nc- cupy the land UA- five years without paying anything. Imt being n quired U) perfdrm certain settlement duties Then taking the land as valued at !t>d.7o per acre by paying .'gSO a year, or thenvibont for l.'i years thereafter he oould pay capita, 1 and ,'"> per cent, interest, and do so without being In the slightest degreo harassed or op- pressed. Ten thousand homesteads WHJuld mean fifty thiousand of a popula- tilon. This would give a large vol- ume of bnelncss for the province, and would l)egln to remove the reproach of our vacant prairies. 8T1LL FURTHER. Should the province feel disposed to face a still more liberal project it might be carried out. The United States estimate that every able bod- led settler represents $1,00 = -^f value to the country, is probablv i,3 large- but suppose $500 be Me value to the country of the settleii and his family, the scheme of obtaining 10.000 new s«*ttlers would mean $.->,000,000 of value added to our resources. If this be true it would even be profitable to sell the land thus obtained by the province for one dol- iar per acre to actual settlers, if not 8 Inde«>d to give thf:n free fy)mesteadn J'f the land altogether. Th.' (piesthm Is. have we the courage and determi- nation to undertake the scheme? Ui:i) RIVKU VALLKY. We have l«>jini«>d im late years that t he U(Ml Rlv«.r ValUvy Ls the gard«fli of .Manitoba. Its soil Is the Ix'st, and Its av<|cragos tlio hlglu^st to be luwl over a veritvs of yr> an acre. The land niiight Ix' iiivlded utwlur a gov<'rnment >clieme into 80 acre lots and offered on long terms of settlement. .Market garden lands within tg Cf.uls on jiuch terms as \Vouid at- tract many from tdie old world to be aseful gardeiiuM-s with our city popu- lation affor a field for agemta abroad never 1)f>fore aff ordeal. Why could not our school lands also lie sold ny the government on long time to great advantage? They are nreded as an endowment. Were they offered at *lo an acre with free occupation for five years with settlement duties, and payment spreaxl over even thirty years with interest at five per cent, good lantis would be taken up rapldlv and the revenue would be secured as well as a handsome endowment be estab- lished. With how much more definite a pur- pose would our Immigrant agents In Ontario, Quebec and thp nia»-*!>v>" provinces, and England, Scotland "ire^ 4 ImikI, Qermnriy niiil Huoiloii un tlK' iM>(>r liiit IrxliiKtrldiw cUiHHJiM vvlllliiK ti> HO'k m-w lioiiuH In <>(ir western priiirU'H. \Vc nc^'d iMt tlic (It'tcrniinutlon to uudtTtdk)! tin- hcIk'iu*'. TIu> nuittur will not renwdy Itnolf. .A ralhMiy Contp'iny, u colduIzatLon cornixtny. uii aHMiclatlon of jirlviitc liind lioldt-rs wofklnK t'\«!r hu well ciinnot kIvc tlH' Cor.ndt'uco to tlioMe conilnK from Jildoud tluit a (^ovtrniiH'nt cuii. Our Kovfrniiunt lius hliowii it «li' u practi- cal 'ind t'luirncllc government in other niiit\.erM; wliatl-t to lilndor Llielr grap- pliUK witii this all Important pioltiem.' IMMIOUATION. it Lm v«Ty Important that our prov- ince Hliould U- lliled wltli MettUTH, hut lit 1h iiKno linportjint that It Hliould he occui>i«;d hy Hettlers oi' the right kind. Hy tliLs \vv. do not mean to in- troduce anj narrow nv^trU^tlons. We do not nay that tiii-y Hho\Ud im all CanadLaiu*^ wj do not Hay tiiat they Hliould all eipeak English, we do not Huy that tiu»y hiuHud Im? posHe»KC'd of« nieaiui, wc- di> not even nay that they Bhould all hu h/lghly Int^^lllgent set- tler.s. We nniiendM'r that tin; eaHtern j)ort/ionM of the Dominion were jK-npled hy the poor but InduHtrLous cla.-;HeH brought from many Ir.ndH. Thert^ should be nothiing narrow, about our policy if we Mould build up our province. We know that no oue nation possesHet* all the good qualitU's. We despl e the man who can aw nothing good In one of another country or race from hdni- self. Hitherto o>ir population ha.s been mostly Canadian, and wo must Bay we think it a gixjd thing that nur provinces have supplied ho large a i)ro- portion of our people, and that the counties of Hi.ron and Bruce have doni! their part mo well. Lately there appeared in the news- paperK letters Hiating that Canadians were not foml of Kngli«hnien and would give them no favor In thl« prov- ince, and then in reply a Canadian eciitel)a. No couuiry In the world [k more willing lo acknowl- eiigi- merit In whom.-voever Ound; no country li- more severe on foppery, as- ^umpllon, and dllletanlUm. <*ur bracing northern air I. an enemy t We do admire the ari-tdcracy of of character. It lis w< dlHj^-race lo li;« jioor. The great nuijorlty of w;t- tlers we may expcx'-t In our iirovlnco will be poor. Whether tliey ar(\ the ialiorlourt working (iasses from Swed- en, Clermany, tlie mother Cdtnitry, or our (dder provinces, we weU'f)iue them all. We win willingly try ami find a place for the edurated bUi-lnesH man, the likely professional man, anil even the university graduate, who has no I>rofesHlon if they will turn to any- thing that offers, and undertake the work that lies nearest their hand. But we do not want the yonng man. given to disipatlon, M'nt by lil>i friends to Manitoba that they nifty lie rid of him; we think It very foolish for the luMploss and de- pendent to come to tho hardships of a new Uind, and we do not ask the lazy, the mere pleavurt- s«'<'ker, or the .sKiclal parasite to join us. .We admire uprightness of charact<^r, wt> welcome as the true nobility tliose who are worthy: ''The lioni'st m.'ui, tliouuh e'er so pdor I« king lit man for all tliiit." 2. We admire the aristocracy of In- We have seen mien and wf)nien and familla-i come to Manitoba, linger about the city, waltlyg Micaw iHT-like for something to turn up. Coming as immigrants to aoounltr^' they seem to think that the government, the mayor and cltj' coumcll should be present to receive thein. They complain of the country, the climate, the people, tlie water, the prices, the mud and of everything else. They will not work. They would accept government po.«i- tlons, the management of business lM>Ui-e."., leadinsj '>ositio'ns in societ-v. i f or 11 vui'iint JuiltfCHlili), Imt tlii'.v will not l^ibor. Tim work Ik not •onmotilnl U> tlu'lr tii.st^'or HtrcnKtIi, or i'X|> ctu- tl(pai. Tliry «'C(inio a l)ur drift (11 t<) »<(niw (rtlit-r pl(ic«» iiiui rc- enuet the hhuw iM>rf III) niiart«'r. \V«> U>- llt'vo tlioroiiglily Lii tho nayhiK of that lilgli atitlucrlty of tli« t>l(U-ii tliiuv "Tliat if any would not work, m'ltlier whoulil ho exit." ."i. \V«> atlnuiro the arUt. We liall InnnlKratlon from otlicr laiwlM wlit«n It hrliif^s \\h iu>w idcMN, When the Mennonlt(s-i came to iiwand allowed us from th»''lr KuHHtau ex|M"ri- «"neo iiow t4t Uv«'' ujmmi tlio ahsoluttcly triH'K'HH jir.ilrlo, they lirou^ht it-i a new and valuable idea. Wliea the fndt grower aud gardener, ami the uhh-jIi- anilc of every graefore, how to improve our country, wo welconio him witli lioart- im.'ss. The t^viclior from aliri ad to hChool or college to give a new educational impulse, the (>l(Ctrlcian or the t^killed mechanic to produce what \^a^ U'fore umkuowu, the miiiisU'r to give liis devotion and work fir the cause doar to him, or the nmu of any occui>ation of active restU^ss hrain wo \v«>lconie lioartily, as coming to co- oiH>rate in building up our common- wealth. Wliat value a man of thouglit iind adaptjitiion is to a community ! Itl«vis, after ail, are more than dollars, and intelligence Counts more to a country than riclnv. Yefl, "Mfully ktpt n«'ttler'H cabin, the liu.s.y llou^ewlfe's eff(>rt to make lu»r fjimlly n<»at and r«*pi ctuble, the faruuer's anxiety to have a farm and all Its Iteloitglngs in Kimd order, ami even tiie student wlio droHseH lUMitly and ke«>p-i Ids roinii ready at any time for lnsiHi:tlon. VV't» detest the careless, untidy settler, tlu> lazy liachelor on hi^s lion.este careless of his or her |N. Yes, wi- ,'idmlre the aristocracy of taste. Many of the ohl tialf pay offiwrs who came to old ( anada never made good Bettlers; could m)t cut down a tre«; or hold a plough well; Imt their grc)w Ing Hona learned how to do ail these thlngMj, and the cultivation and good hr«!ed- Ing and tawte <)f huci. families were of very great value In all the locul- Itles In which they Hettled. We love ami desin; for our t latry: •'Thi' stiimp of triu' iiolilllly, liinh honor, Btaiiilt\ss truth, Thei eiirnrrgt nue-t of r.oble ends; the geu- iTouH heart of youth; The love of ooimtry, eoarlng far above dull party eirlfo; The love of learning, art and «ong — the orownlnK Krnoo of life; The love of Bclenoo, Roaring far t hrough nature'^ hidden wny.x; The love and fear of nature's Ood — a nation's hlithest praise.' AN UNIKIEI) I'EOPLE. I'erluips visitors who come to us from 'ther provlnc«!H cannot realizu what we irie/tn by saying that we want in Manitfjba an united and homogeneous people. They Immedi- ately take it for granted that we wIhIi to rush in and cinform every e suf- ficiently al)«ur^. Especially In the matter of religion are the people of Manitoba determined that perfect lib- erty *ihall be cUowed. Free public scliool wl\\ l)e maintained by Manitoba at all hazards, yet tliere is no disposition to ignore prejudices or the strongly marked iireferencas of some. For ex- ample take the ma,tter of language, ft i> mjinife-oard have been discu.ssing methods of having lii-linguil readers in French and German autlioriz''d, tliat they might be u-ied in the .schoolif of thoso who Mpeak the.se tongues. ThiR Is i)ut reasonable. Only let minorities accept tlic situation, nnl the author- irtles may ho relied upon to give not only fair, but sympnthetl'' considera- tion to marked predilection^, which do not interfere with tli" sehool law. Not only so, but everything goes to show- that were these minorities lieartilv to accept the school act.falr representa- tion miglit l>e oouutp'l nu for them nn the advisory board and In all official positions. AS TO RFr>IGION. No doubt this burning question is a matter of difficulty in public schools. The minority has convinced Itself that t'lie establishment, of frer^ niib]f^ schools was aimed against the Cath- olic religion. There never was a greater mi-'^lake. The aim of the pub- lic school act Avaa to establish equity l>etween class and class, in taxa,tion,in opportunity, and in general benefit. Th ' p losing of thr> act an 1 th" g n "ral election of 1S92, in which it was sus- tained, were •singularly free from re- ligious animosity or acrimony. What- ever heat has been seen originated In St. Boniface. In the Inrge centres of Brandon and Portage la Prairie, the writer, as commirssloner, lately saw the Roman Catholic pupils of the town all sitting side hy side v\ith those of oiher denominations. The advisory l)oard extended al' certificates of the teachers of the Catholic boards although their standard was very low, for a year after the old act was abolished. Th" f' p.irtment of ediiration has sh'iwn tn" grctest con- sideration in allowing permits to be granted that French and German schools might not be deprived of teaclif^rs who knew the langungo re- quired. And to the plan .-^idopted by the dep.artment in French .-ind Ger- man schools, as to religion, no rea- sonable obj-^ction cnn be f)ffered. In the French and ^fennonite schools the department has required m close ad- hesion to the subjects of the curricu- lum fixed by thf> .\dvisory Board, but wh^n the school had cbised at the reg- ular hour, no o})jnction has been of- ferr-d to the giving of religious in- struction to tlie children. To have Interfered with this would have been harsh and unreasonable. .Tust jis in hundreds of RChool hou.ses in Manitoba all the religious denominations were unrestricted in tlie use, under the trus- tees, of buildings for Sunday services and prayer meetings, so the use of the school houses for the purposes named In French and German dis- tricts, seemed eminently fair. Should the minorities heartily accept the pub- lic school system, th re would seem to be no reason why their wish in this respect might not always be re- garded. rONCT.TTSION. "We have thus noted fJhortlv some of the problems which meet us and demand settlement in our wide west —the Greater Canada. Tlie settle- ment of our lands, the bringing in of population, the effort to unify our diversified people, and provision for a fair and eff-ctive nierins nf educating our youths are great problems. But surely our provinces and our west- tern peoples are equal to the demand. It will require our leading niinde, our best effort, our closest thought, our greatest per- severance, our most Judicial spirit, and our hlgliest self-control and con-fidera- tion for the feelings and prejudices of others* to effect all that lies before us. But if we liave true love of coun- try it will go far to give us success in our endeavors. We may Imve great diversities of vieWj but we agree In a hundred things. We have a splen- did heritage. Brave French explor- erd suffered hardships), met the In- dians, penetrated the waterways of Canada, and even led tlie way to the Rocky Mountains and tlie great Sas- katchewan. Let us remember their sacrifices. United Empire Loyalists making noble sacrifices for king and country, with English, Scottish and Irish set- tlers, liave built up old Canada; while German, Icelandic, Swede and Hungar- ian elements have come to throw in their lot with us in tlie greater Canada. Let us make our land worthy of the races from which sprang Shakespeare^ Bos- suet, Goethe^ and Gustavus Adolphus. May the sweet words of a Canadian poetess be realized in our greater Canada: "The luimbleet here Walks in the siiiishine, free as U the peer. Proudly lie elands wltli muscles strong and free, The eerf — the sjave of no man doomed to be. His own, the arm the heavy axe tha.t wlelde; Ills owa, the hands that till the Bummer fields; His, own, the babea that prattle In the door; His own, the wife that treads the cot- tage floor; All the aweet ties of life to him are sure." All the pro!id rlghte of manhood are secure.'' fi'' \