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Lorsque le document est frop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich<'/, il est film6 A partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d drolte, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. f errata id to nt ie pel u re, pon d 1 2 3 32X [■ ■ t^ ' t ; * ■ p^ *;• ^ i 6 it "^ ■, * \ eh -^ '»''-: t 31 '^^w ji,«: -« A WARNING • »&:. TO THE CANADIAN SAND COMPANY, M" A L'ETTER -<* if m' ^^ ADDRESSED TO THAT BODY WS £^^ :£S9(BMSISim^S9 T 1%, 4' RESIDEJ^T IJ^ imPfiSL CANADA. •*W/ f 'i. i^Si 1824. *.!?.^ KINGSTON, U. C. PXOHTSD AT TBS ^^^^^^^^ OFTIOfi. 5 •: \ ' ■'""' 'I m in'! i i <"? 18^. 5 1 I I HI • 1 it ^■St TO THE CAXADIJLY PUBLIC. HAVING (liftpafched the follovvinj; letter addressed to the Cana- dian Land Couipanv (or publication in London, at the aolici- tar.ioii of friends, to whom 1 s^howed the manuscript, 1 have been in- duced to give it to Vir. Thomson for publication here ; which certain- ly may answer a ^ood end, as it will alFord an opportunity to any in this country, who may see things in a diflferent point of view from myself, to combat my positions, so that the Company maybe in no ilanu;(^r of beina; led astray by wronp; information. The unciertaking they are about to enj>;age in, is of vast national importance, as respects buth Great Britain and this country. For the latter, it may fix its destiny for at least a century to come, and iTjay have more to do with the destinies of the former, than some, glo- rying in tlieir might, may he able or willing to foresee. For my own part. I henrtily concur in the following sentiments, taken trom a late essay, on the subject of a free trade to Cliina. Englimd ! it thouM'st be Enj^land still, Secure from Firmu;, ;is from pros ul ill ; Nerve wi-ll thy Tiia^satlaiVth' arm. And w.tUIs combinM, can't do thee harm. But if tiioii (lanmi'st the channels tip, Throu;;!) whicli the life's blooil free should flow, And it be wither'd ; then thv cup Will flow witli grief and bitter woe." It is then of the first consequftnv^e, that the Company should pro- ceed 'in the fidlest information ; for a few wronj steps at the com- mencement, may plunge both themselves and the Pr(jviiice, into irre- mediable evils. It has already been attempted to impose on them a beliel, that the onk thing wanted here is capital. No idea can be more erroneous, and if the Company act upon such an assumption, they will do so at their cost. To say that this country wants nothing b'Jt capital, is just the same as saying of a man who is starving to death, bi'ca'ise he cannot swallow on account of a swelling in his throut, that he wants nothing but 'ond ! \Vhat signifies giving such a m^n food ? will he not spit it eut and slaver his chin with it ? All the food in tlie worhl will not save him from death : neither will all the Capital, the Canadian Company can throw into this Province, impart to it the least benefit. As fast as it is injected, it will disdain- fully flow back, incensed at its ignoble servitude. lias not Canada a sAeliing in lier throat ? Tiuiugh she have one of the widest throats in the world, it is liti rally stopped up. Sheis no» able to receive solid food, but ii.ust, like first & second childhood, be fed with pap, till hor whole frame be as ricketty as an old wicker basket, when she may be kit keil and cuffed to the Devil, at the plea- sure of every upstart sycophant. Her throat must be unstopped j the ?t. Lawrence must be undammed, before any solid food can be administere I, to nourish her vitals, and brace her sinews. Have ym not had oKperience of the eflect of a little Capital heino; thrown into tiii' Provhri^'/ i>t buying, and consuming, would bring it to an etui ? — Will the Company's Capital open to us foreign markets? no, but it will clear our lands. What signifies clearing the lands, if their pro- duce cannot be sold r It is Capital thrown away, and profits nobo- dy. The condition of this province is not inemediablc, and whe- ther the Company bring forward their Ciipital or no, is of small 'on- sequence, if the Representatives of the people, 2)rovt but ike true friends of the people. Let Canada be thrown open to the world, and her natural advan- tages made true account of, and there will be no want of Capt'al, wliether through the introduction of Companies, or individuals. Ca- pital wdl always naturally find its way to countries, where it can be securely and profitably employed, and will as naturally shun every region, where tyranny, folly and madness bear sway. It is with much ado I can suppress my indignation, whenever my thoughts turn to the way in which we are treated respecting the Trade with China and the East Indies. I can see the matter in no other light than as a direct, open, and undisguised robbery upon us. We have been most impudently told by tlie Ho trd of Directors of tiicj East India Company, that they have given orders at Canton for a quantity of INFERIOR Tes, to be shipped for Canada, (iracious Heaven ! what impudence ! what an unpardonable insult to a million of brave people, wlio have so lately shed (heir blood, to preserve Ca- nada in the sovereignty of England. And yet we are not taxed / ! ! ! no, not tnxed! ! .' If this countrj' b.t not taxed, pray what coun- try is taxed? Are there verily siicii silly boobies in l/anada as to suppose their taxes liglit, because the Taxing-man calls upon them for only an annual seven and six pence, while they pr;y for every pound of Tea they consume three or four shillings m'^re than they ouL,ht? & more than they would, if "free to follow nature w;\s th^; mode." — And for what do they pay it? vvhy truly, to sup[iort the shameful ex- travagance of a Company of Fighting Merchants. Can it endure ? ought it to endure? Surely our frowning Gulph, will some day in- gulph the swindling cargoes of their groaning shipri. Let every man in Canada, peruse tlie following extract from an American paper, and if he have a heart glowing with one spiirk of patriotic feeling, it will enkindle in him the never dying hope, that his Country will one day have justice. First Voyage of an American 8hlp to China. The following is a letter from the Hon. John Jay, United States Secretary for Foreign Art'iirs, from Mr. Siiaw, a <;i'izen of Massachu- setts, written on his return in the ship Empress of i'hinn. It con- tains aa interesting and well written account of llie first American I r l|i| ill. iiiji IV voyage to China, and will afford gratification to those who take ao interust in the history and progress of Americ an Commerce. T/te policy of the navigation laws of the mother country had bepti to restrict our commerce^ while we were colonies or provinces : the first fruits of our Independence were a free trade with all the world. The rightH of persons and of property had been slh sacred and secure before, a^ after the Revolution ; BUT THK BLESSINGS OF A FREE COMMERCE AND UNRESTRICTED ENTERPRIZE SOON WROUGHT A MANIFEST AND WONDERFUL CHANGE IN OUR COUNTRY. Major Shaw undertook this commercial enterprize soon after the disbandment of our Revolutionary Army. He had served hu coun- try as a Captain m Cut. Cvane'st Continental Massachusett's Regi- ment of Artillery, and his conduct and character were ho distinguish- ed that he had acquired the confidence and esteem of Major General Knox, ami had been appointed Aid-de-camp to that admired and gallant ofBcer. In January, 1786, Major Shaw was elected by the Continental Congress, United States* Consul to reside at Canton, having been no- minated by Mr. Pinckney, of South Carolina. He was the tirat Con- sul appointed by this nation. Mr. Thomas Randall was two dayg afterwards elected Vice Consul at the same pipe. Major S. died in 1794. off the Cape of Gor Hope, when on his return to his native land.-^lSalem Gazette. J^Tciv.rork, 19//1 Maij, 1785. Sir : The first vessel that has been fitted out by the inhabitants of the United States of America, for essaying a commerce with those of the Empire of China, being by the favor of Heaven, safe returned to this port, it becomes my duty to communicate to^ou, for the in- formation of the fathers of the country, an account of the reception their citizens have met with, and the respect with which their flag has been treated in that distant region; especially as some circum- stances have occurred which had a tendency to attract the attention of the Chinese towards a people of whom they have hitherto had but very confused ideas, and which served, in a peculiar manner, to place the Americans in a more conspicuous point of view than has com- monly attended the introduction of other nations in that ancient and extensive empire. The ship employed on this occasion, is about three hundred and siity tons burthen, built in America, and equipped with forty three persons, under the command of John Green, Esq. The subscriber had the honour of being appointed agent for their commerce, by the gent'enien at whose risk the first experiment has been undertaken. On the 22d of Febru»«ry,1784.the ship sailed from New-York, Jif ar- rived the 2ist of March at St. Jago, the principal of the Cape dc Verd Islands. Havng paid our respects to the Portuguese Viceroy, and, with his permii^siun, t .ken surh refreshments as were necessary, we left those Islands on the i7 and pursued our voyage. After a plea- sant passnge, in which nothin;: extrnordinary occurred, we came to anchor in the streights of Jsunda on the 18th of July. It was nc small ac shipii bel delin, ai and as i invitatio cheerful bvday a the Chin unfortun ed our n On ou na, Mon came on world, ai the Porti taken up and Impi peans ha our outw ted the s bv the se an office! turned b again sal tive visii they add men, boa ent moor us with I we shoul Thedi days, we gentleme are very when by country, pleased i tions oft We le the Cape After ri'i this port To eve ly concer eommuni extreme > this reflti space of Captain u a wear it his flag umall addition to our happineHS on this occasion, to meet there two ships belonging to our good ahies the French. The Com. M. D'Or- delin, and his ulhccrs, welcomed U8 in the most atl'ectionate manner; and as his own ship was immediately bound to Canton, gave us an invitation to go in company with him. 'I'his Iritndly offer was most cheerfully accepted, 4* the Commodore furnished us with his signals by day and night, and ad>ied such instructions lor our passage through the Chinese seas, as wuuld have been exceedingly beneficial, had any unfortunate accident occasioned our separation. Happily we pursu- ed our route together. On our arrival at the Island of Macao, the French Consul for Chi- na, Monsieur Vicilard, with some other gentlemen of his nation, came on board to congratulate and welcome us to that part of the world, and kindly undertook the introduction of the Americans to the Portusucse Governor. The little time that we were there, was taken up by the good ofli'.es of the Consul, and those of the Swedes and Imperialists, whd still remained at Macao. The other Euro* peans had repaired to Canton. Three days afterwards, we finished our outward-bound voyage. Previous to coming to anchor, we salu- ted the shipping in the river with thirteen guns, which were answered bv the several commodores of the European nations, each of whom sent an officer to compliment us on our arrival. These visits were re- turned by the Captain and Supercargoes in the afternoon, who were again saluted by the respective ships, as they finished their respec- tive visits. When the French sent their ofhcers to congratulate us, they added to the obligations we w^rc under to them, by furnishing men, boats, and anchors, to assist us in coming to safe and conveni- ent moorings. Nor did their good oflices stop here ; they lurnished us with part of their bankfall, ^ insisted that until we were settled, we should take up our quarters with them at Canton; The day of our arrival at Canton, August 30, and the two following days, we were visited by the Chinese merchants, and the chiefs and gentlemen of the several European establishments. The Chinese are very indulgent towards us ; they styled us the JWw Feopie. and when by the map we conveyed to them an idea of the extent of our country, with its present and increasing population, they were highly pleased at the prospect of so considerable a market fur tlie produc- tiuns of theirs. We left Canton the 27th December, Sf on our return, refreshed at the Cape of Good Hope ; where we found a most friendly reception. After remaining there five days we sailed for America, Sf arrived in this port on the 1 1th inst;int. To every lover of his country, as well as to those more immediate- ly concerned m commerce, it must be a pleasing reflection tiiat a eommunication is thus happily opened between i»s and the eastern extreme of the globe ; and it adds very sensibly to the pleasure of this reflection, that the voynge has been performed in so short a space of time, and attended with the loss only of one man. To Captain Green and his oflicers every commendation is due, \in- their unwearied and fcuccessful ciideavors in bringing it to this tiiObt for- ^ ■ .1 VI tunate issue, which fully justltiea the confulencc reposed in the enter- prise. Permit me, sir, t© accompany tliis letter wiUi the two pieces ef silk, pn«spnted me by the Fi^en of Canton, as a mark of his j;ood dig- position towards the American nation. In that vimv I consider my- self as peruliarly honoured in bein^ charged with this testimony of the friendship of the Chinese fur a people who may in a few years prosecute a commerce with the subjects of that empire, under advan- tages equal, if not superior, to those enjoyed by any other nation whatever. I have the honour to be, with the most perfect respect, sir, your most obedient and very homtde servant, SAMUKL SHAVV. 7'A« honourable the Minister of the United Suites for Foreign. AjJ'airs. Mr. Jay laid this letter and the tA'o pieces of silk mentioned in it, before Congress. They were pleased to return the silk to Mr Shaw, and ordered Mr. Jay ti inform him that they felt a peculiar satisfac- tion in the successful issue of that first eftort of the citizens of Ame- rica, to establish a direct trade with China, which did so much ho- nour to its undertakers and conductorti." n It was the sentiment of some of the wiscint statesmen of whom Gieat Britain could ever boast, that Cana«la should be left nothing to envy in her neighbouring States* A sentiment which if uttered in vain, will assuredly in no far distant times, involve consequences of direful import to our mother country. " Al>n meministi verbumpre' eeptoris"? If the Representatives of the people be aware of their strength, and of the sacredness of their trust; if they be alive to the causes of our dilapidated and degraded state, they will have the glory to up- lift us from th« mire, and start us in a race of prosperity with the U. States, who, though she have been running these forty years,we should not dispair of overtaking. We are told, on all hands, what wonderful natural facilities we have for trade and commerce ! How pleasing it must be to a child, to be shewn heaps of the nicest cherries in the world I but alas ! if the child be denied a taste of them, what would be its feelings? why like ours, whoare amused with talk about our trading facilities, with- out being allowed to avail ourselves of them. As a plaster for our sores, at the crisis of ther utmost smarting, we are deridingly told to GROW HEMP ! ! ! * and in the very quintessence of complaisance, the II<»use of Assembly votes some hundreds of pounds to buy a ma- chine for dressing it ! Surely the members must have been crazy. — 1 cannot withstand the temptation of giving another extract from an American paper. Heavens! what a contrast to our desolate, grass- growing streets, and our few greedy, starving pedlars, self-dubbed Merchants ! ! ! Appearance nfuur Wharves. — The present is truly a busy time in New-York. Tiie southern and the northern markets seem to be « m- ploying every hand, and tasking the strength of every mercantile • Fit r«coiiQnienc!ation to a desponding' people ! rnind. '1 tities goi his couni gation to supplin.4 and the a the count make, for cars, as i\ What i the deck band boxi females w Even a sa south, an( deck of tl a bundle i waiter, wi Our As plying dis shewn by dia Conipj sure are n the RritisI wiiat we a they to kn to grant, v lit our tha sires, as a to tlie bes( mong ours situation ; A due [ thecxpedic themselvc! hy the ear it is thus, the j^ritis What! su rebufl\? I entreat. & are expres '>f ourSavii lie will not he will rist •• And I shall find; that asketh knocketh ir Vll e enter- eoes ©f (lod (lis* Jer iny- nony of w years r advati- : nation iir, your lAW. led in it, Ir Shaw, satisfac- of Ame- mucii ho- of whom lothing to tteied in uencea of rbum pre- strength, causes lebted for it's present calamitous sitiMtion ; nothins; to the. liritish Government. A due pondering on this fact will awaken our Representatives to the expediency of shoving past the Legislative Council, and thrusting theniselves into the riotire of our Sovereign, backed and strengthened by the earnest supplicatiors'of the whole body of their constituents. It is thus, and thus alone, our country can ever attract the respect of the British King, the British Parliament, or the British people. What! suppose they, it: their first application, should meet with a rebuff"? lii't thetn try again, and again, and again. Let them begi entreat. & implore. It is manly & christian like to persevere. We are expressly and strictly commanded to perseverance by the words of our Saviour, St. Luke XI. 8,9, 10 verses, " I say unto you, though he will not rise, bpcmise he is his friend^ becmiae of his importunity, he will visa andf^ive him as many as he needeth,** '* And I say unto you, ask, and it shall be given you ; seek, and ye shall find ; knock, and it shall be o; ened unto you. " For every one that asketh, receiveth : and he that seeketh findeth ; and to him that knocketh it fhall be opened." . 1 *'i' :'•* Vlll *" What can be more plain than this? We are affect'ooatelj, but peremptorilj enjoined, by the hieheiit of all authorities, to reiterate our prajers, till they are i;i anted. We are commamied to be even importuHate in our demands, and not to cease asking till we obtain ourdeiiires; consequently every member of Assembly who shall ob- ject to petition His Majesty for a redress of our manifold grievances, fails to discharge one of the most important Christian duties. The way is so clear to our Representatives, that 1 see not how they can mistake. The House having undergone an important change, the Country is full of hope. Less babbling and more work *, more economy and less parsimony : less puerility, and more manliness; less brazen- faced impudence, and more modest merit ; less sycophancy, and nxtre independence of spirit; less unintelligible jargon, and more common-sense talk ; less of self interested views, and more enlarged views fur the public good ; less wandering and groping after inappli- cable precedents, and more examples worthy ol imitation ; fewer statutes, and more addresses to the King; fewer Canal Commission- ers and better roads; fewer taxes on resident industry and more oq lazy Absentees; one Statute to knock two hundred on the head ; and an immediate recurrence to the Act of Settlement, 12 and 13 William III, which says ** That no person who has an o£Q e or place of prolir under the king, or receive^ a pension from the Crown, shall be capable of serving as a member of the House of Commons/' Such are the iiopes of the Country. That they may not be disap- pointed is the devout wish of The Public's most obedient. And most Devoted Servant, THE AUTHORif JVov. 20, 1824. I itelj, but reiterate be even |ve obtain shall ob- ievances, es. The they can ountry is 3omy and 19 brazen- ncy, and and more enlarged r inappli- m; fewer nmission- more oa he head ; I and 13 e or place le Crown, ommons." be disap' rHORx TO THIS STOCBBOUDBRS Or TRB CAXADIAK LAND GOBOP AlVY. He who now addresses you is an Englisliman, hut for some years past resident in Upper Canada. The first wish of his heart, is^ to see the connexion subsisting between the Oanadas and the Mother Country, loosened from the sickly bonds of a servile dependence of the one, on the charitable bounty of the other, and fixed upon the broad, and indestructible basis of reciprocal profit and advantage. It is, then, with indescribable pleasure he has learnt through the medium of the Public Prints, that this fino Country has at length so far attracted the notice of his Majesty's Ministers, and many persons of capital in England, as to have matured the project of forming a Com- pany for the purchase and settlement of the Crown and Clergy Reserves, which have hitherto been such an afflict- ing curse as no country before ever laboured under. Ue has perused in a news-paper, extracts from a pam- plet said to have lately arrived in this country, entitled << Information relative to the Canadian Land Company,'^ which pretends to set forth the causes that have mo$t ope- rated to retard the improvement and settlement of Upper Canada, and the advantage to arise from a proper direction of the capital of the Company. The author of said pam- phlet cannot be charged with entire ignorance of the causes. of the present supine condition of Upper Canada, because he sets forth some most notable ones ; but he cannot have a full acquaintance with them, or he subjects himself to a charge of disingenuousness, for he says not a word of some very obvious causes, which are more perniciously operative than all those enumerated put together, as by- A ill t and-bye, will be made appear ; and which, until removed, will continue the bane of the Province, and act upon imported capital, as the atmospheric air acts upon iron. — With respect to the advantages which ai'e to result from the capital and labours of the Company, the author of the pamphet has given tiiem an attractive aspect, a most allu- ringly smiling and dimpled face ; but let the Company be- ware, lest, Peradventure they find each dimple a dell, And wish like Sir Isaac,* the Province at Htll. The first object of the Company unquestionably is pro- lit. The queries submitted by them to sundry persons re- sidents of Canada^ put tiie matter beyond a doubt In- deed it would be quite ridiculous to suppose otherwise.- - Then it materially concerns them to know, how they are to make a profit. Some one has pretended to tell them the causes which have retarded the prosperity of the Pro- vince, and the effects which are to follow, from throwing into the country " that stimulous which alone Is wanting — CfljJt^fl?." I observe that the venerable Doctor Strachan is one of the persons) who undertakes to answer the que- ries of the Company. Now of all the men in the Province I should have supposed that Doctor Strachan was the most capable of giving the Company complete and satisfac- tory inforaiation ; for, let it be fully known that he is a Legislative and Executive Councillor, is thought to l»ave the nomination of Executive Councillors generally, from the circumstance of his success in surrounding and strengthening himself in that post of dignity and trust, by his young pupils, most of whom are encouraged confide nt- ly to elevate their views to that exalted point, and is known to have the private ear of his superiors, and in short is shrewdly ^^nspected of havihg been virtually Hio f^overnor * Sir l-aac ( olt:n m u e British iioaso Caiuiaas at ihe bottom of the Sea. of C^uinmcu!i» wished the a \ h moved, t upon iron. — It from • of the st allu- my be- is pro- ons re- t. In- vise. — ley are I them le Pro- rowing iting — rachan ic que- 'ovince an the itisfac- lie is a • have ', from ? and ist, by fid en t- cnown lort is i'ernor ccl ihe of the country for many years. I sny, therefore, that he, of all men, should be the most capable of piloting the Cana- dian Company, through the shoals k quicksands, that be- set them on all sides. Yet behold his advice, read, I pray, his answer to the following query of the Company, << What is the cause of thatdifierence, which all travellere have remarked, between the United States and Canada, where the soil and climate are so similar? In the former every thing is represented as alive^ active and prosperous ; in the latter all dull and languid ? " This question admits of a most satisfactory answer," (indeed it does. Doctor, but that, you are either incapable or unwilling to give) '* Upper Canada was first settled by refugees from the United States, after the Peace of 1783, all of whom were destitute and wholly without capital ; every accession of inhabitants (nut excepting the Doctor} has been nearly of the same description. Whatever wealth has been found in the Province, has been made en- tirely from the soil ; never yet had one single capitalist come into the country, purchased a large tract of land, built mills, mt^de roads, and, as the Americans say, prepa- red it fw settlement. The consequence has been ajjjjarent langour, compared with the nei2;hboui'ing States, many persons b(£oming comfortable, but never acquiring great capitals. But in the American Stales many purchased large tracts, spent many hundred thousand dollars in their preparation fur location, sold at high prices, and after a few years, recovered the capital laid out seven fold. The same may be done in Canada at this moment, and with the certainty of speedier returns than the speculators on the o- ther side, as the population is much greater than the pirts of the country were, where they commenced their opera- tions." This is all very fine; but would it not have been as well, I :4' v.m 4 since the good Doctor says ^' the same may be done in Ca- nada at this moment, and with the certainty oi speedier returns than the speculators on the other side (which by the way, is an ambiguity of expression unworthy so learned a gentleman, and an Executive Councillor) if be had told the Company Aow it is to be done? He would thereby have conferred a lasting obligation on the Company and on the Province, the people of which latter, most heartily wish the former, all the gains the thing is susceptible of producing. I flatter myself I am addressing men who can discern and judge, and who are nothing afraid to envisage the truth, though it should dispel some of the golden dreams, the good Doctor's unctous answers are calculated to ex- cite. While your money is still in your pockets, you have time to deliberate in safety. Throw it away upon the lands of this country, under the precious idea, that Ca- pital is the only stimulous wanted ; and it is lost, irretriev- ably lost. Fallacious thought ! Capital cannot heal the wounds inflicted upon a Country by political disabilities. In a country abused and betrayed by ignorant and selfish cunning. Capital will not abide ; in such a country it can- not be invested, but to the sorrow and grief of its owners, vho might perhaps withdraw it from active circulation, and have the pain to see it at once reduced to a tnevecaput Viortuum, Speculators in lands in the United States, and specu- lators in lands in Upper Canada, stand upon very differ- ent grounds. The former invested tlieir capitals under every moral certainty of immense gain ; while the latter, like desperate gamblers, stake their venture against phy- sical impossibilities. How Doctor Strachan could draw a parallel between the United States and this country, e- king out even a preference for the latter, as offering more speedy conceiv sense ; i ill deris c;^The gislated receives earth; < neath i fall. 1 with all always da has I ought t( certain ] of war, dian Fa swappii truck as Commc court in commoi or mam at the cl under n the first has judi sure the partmeE dants ai try, exc Clergy to the h of their gpecdy reimbursement to speculators in lands^ is to me in- conceivable. It is done in the very teeth of common sense ; in defiance of all experience and judgement, and in derision of all better understanding. ^The United States legislates for itself. Canada is le- gislated/or, three thousand miles off. The United States receives into its bosom as Citizens, the people of all the earth: Canada is so fastidious as to reject *Americans* be- neath whose axes alone her interminable forests can fall. The United States has an uninterrupted commerce with all the world, whereby the cultivators of the soil are always insured a cash price for their commodities ; Cana- da has but one market, and that shut against her for what ought to be her staple (Wheat) except when it is above a certain price in England, which can only happen in time of war, or other calamity ; whereby the miserable Cana- dian Farmer is nearly always reduced to the necessity of swapping his pittance of produce with pedlars, for such truck as they may have on hand at extortionate prices.--' Commonly to demand Cash for his produce, would be to court insult. The United States can import every earthly commodity,directly from the country of its growth,produce, or manufacture and consequently is supplied in all cases at the cheapest possible rate : Canada in this respect, lies under many grevious restrictions, and for most articles of the first necessity pays three prices. The United States has judiciously sold its wild lands, and taxed them, to in- sure their settlement. 1'iie insensate Land granting de- partments of Canada, have givenjaway to hungry depen- dants and favorites, most of the choice lands in the coun- try, except such as have been reserved for the Crown and Clergy ; and, as they have cost nothing, so nothing it costs to the holders, to let them lie idle, for the aggrandizement of their great grand children of the fifth or sixth genera- ft m in. ;, I tion, if pcrcliance things should so fall out, as to cause them to be of value. * Now let me ask, what parallel is here, between the U- nited States and Canmla? and where is the great wonder, if in the United States, every thing is ^* alive, active, and prosperous" ; and in Canada, " dull and languid" ? though their respective soil and climate be similar, and the natu«r ral facilities for commerce, be as Bishop McDonell truly says, immensely in favour of Canada? and let the saga- cious Doctor Strachan, if he can, point out, for the bene- fit of mankind, ho2t% and what amount of Capital, will cure the chilling ague, under which this country groans, and which it is confidently believed, he has himself most large- ly contributed to engender. The Doctor says, that for the last seven years, the in- flux of Emigrants has been upwards of 10,000 annually ; but he does not say, how many scores of the 70,000 havo remained in the country. Now such an assertion, with- out qualification is calculated entirely to mislead the Com- pany, by inducing a belief, that during the last seven years, the country has gained an accession of 70,000 new settlers ; whereas, the fact is, that very few of this number have remained in the Province. Eiurht tenths of them be- ycmd all question, have gone to swell the population of the United States, and rarely indeed has it occurred, for some four years past, that any possessing money, have lacked sagacity to perceive the folly of vesting it here. The present state of Upper Canada is truly deplorable. Perhaps no country professing Christianity, at this day, exhibits such striking evidences of imbecile misrule. No imaginable amount of capital, expended in it, could cure or alleviate the maladies under which it labors. Supine ■ — ■ ■ ■'*■■ * Ihi' L^gisUtu^•e has lately pascd an act taxing the lands I believe;, the 8th uf a penny per acre. and m< of gol( no resi The w the ren The presenl would vernme ought t cumstai them fo chasers might, j immedii long ere wood, b two-ye.i and froi price. aware o ever rec aware (j setting i to i)urcl for them soon dU the utm( the pure escape t Under s would ft had lai( causes w causti the U- oniler, •e, ami though B natu-r I truly \ saga- e bene- ill cure ns, ami jtlarge- thc in- inually ; 00 have n, with- lic Com- t seven t)00 new number hem be- lation of red, for y, have ere. )]orable. lis day, e. No uld cure Supine I believe;, and mor])i(I, it is insusceptible to the enkindling influence of gold, which, though ever so lavishly applied, can force no result, but disappointment, vexation and chagrin.--- The wisdom of the British Parliament alone can apply the remedy, that will exalt the country into life and joy. The Reserved Lands of Upper Canada even in their present wild state, under a liberal and fostering polipy, would undoubtedly be worth eight or ten times what Go- vernment will think of asking, or the Company will, or ought to think of giving fttf them ; but under present cir- cumstances, the Company must be losers, if they obtain them for half a dollar an acre ; for where can they find pur- chasers? Who will settle upon their lands? They might, to be sure, sell a few of the lots, that are situated immediately in the vicinities of settlements, npon a very long credit, if they would agree to take in payment, fire- wood, blighted rye, smutty wheat, lean cows, half starved two-year-olds, now and then a quarter of skinny veal, and from time to time, a day's labor at double the general price. Tlius, some few lots might be sold ; but I am not aware of any possible mode, by which the company could ever recover back their capital. If any other person be aware of such mode, he would do great public service by setting it forth. As for Emigrants, who might be induced to purchase on a credit, having had previously prepared for them a log house, and a few acres of land, they would soon discover the impracticability of ever acquiring from the utmost efforts of their industry, the mpans of paying the purchase money, and would ily to the United Stales, to escape tlic ruin and misery awaiting thorn in Canada. — Under such a state of things, T imaghio the Ct;mpany ■would feel some dismay, and begin to consider, that they had laid out their capital on a Will o'Ihe wisp. The causes would then become the immediate object of their i -I m researcli, which after much pain and labour having disco- vered, tliey would naturally feel a desire to get them re- moved, but no sooner would they dare openly to express such desire, than a deep-mouthed pack would open upon them the cry of "Radical," " Yankee," which would re- verberate through Uill and Dale, till each sycophantish tongue from the Executive Councillor's down to the odious Big-bugs of Quarter Sessions, and his understrappers^ was parched with feverish bellowing. S^h, would be the solace of the Company, for throwing into the Country *^ the stimulous, which alone is wanting — Capital.*^ It is of the first consequence, that the Company should know, in what manner roads are to be opened to the Re- serves, and how they are to effect the contemplated clear- ings on the lots. It must be understood, and it is impor- tant that every one who embarks his money in the enter- prize should understand, tliat these Reserves are not in a body, but interspersed through the Townships, embosom- ed in the depths of the forests, and environed by the wild lands already granted to Soldiers, Sailors, half-pay Offi- cers, Officers of Militia, U. E. Loyalists, their sons and daughters ; to Surveyors, and Upper favorites, and under favorites, brawlers about loyalty, and defamers of their more loyal but unfortunately better informed neighbors. I give from Mr. Gourlay's Statistics the plan of a Township, the blank squares being the granted lots, the black the Clergy, and the diagonal lines tlie Crawn Re- serves. N serve Comj , thene andfi tiie tv charge beoffi and \^ have n Comp needy bed? the Ub es here roads whole ( ditione( dian ci own di^ here po coming, grantee viciniti( roads, the Pro prietors and Fer Compar many of finally, of a shil will cau es, whei disco- em rc- xpress I upon lid rc- tiantish odious appers, ould be ]Jountry * r should tlie Re- jd clear- \ iiapor- lie enter- not in a nbosom- the wild pay Offi- sons and nd under of their hhors. flan of a lots, the own. Ke- lt Now let me ask, how roads arc to be opened to the Re' serves ? Are they to be opened at the expense of the Company ? if so, only two sevenths of the land, arc bur* thened with the charge of making the whole marketable, and E> e sevenths are immediately for sale, in opposition to the two sevenths, which being of the same quality, and un- chargeable with the expence of opening roads, can, & will be offered cheaper, than the two sevenths can be afforded, and will assuredly obtain a preference from all such as have money to pay for them^ What prospect then, can the Company have, of disposing of their lands to any but such needy objects, and for such kind of pay, as before descri- bed? Let it not be lost sight of, that the Speculators in the United States, bought TRACTS of Land, notpatci- es here and there, to which they ivere obliged to open roads through other people^s lands, no, they had the whole exclusive benefit of their capital and labors. Con- ditioned as this Province is, it is impossible that the Cana- dian Company can invest their capital in it, but to their own discomfiture. The diflicaUies of settling the Reserves here pointed out, there are certainly three ways of over- coming, One is, for the Company to purchase, from the grantees on the best terms they can, all the Lands in the vicinities of the Reserves, to which there are at present no roads. Another, is to stipulate with the Legislature of the Province to pass an act, to make it compulsory on pro- prietot's of such lands to join the Company in making Roads and Fences, under pain of forfeiture of the lands to the Company, which in many cases would befall, seeing, that many of the proprietors arc in indigent circumstances ; or finally, to stipulate for an act imposing on said lands, a tax of a shilling an acre per annum, wliich in two years time will cause^them all to be sold by the Sheriff to pny the tax- es, when they might Ml into the possession of the compa- 13 4 'W M i ,( I \ iil I: .1,; io -ny on easy terms. These arc the only means I can at pre*- sent think of, for removing the al)ove named obstacles to the profit of tlie Company. How far the two latter would lie expedient or just, 1 leave it to wiser heads than mine to determine ; but it will fully inform the good people of England, how desperate must be the disease, which can conjure up the suggestion of such desperate romedies, and hold up to scorn and detestation the parties, who by their bewildering projects, and the scandalous abuse of their power, have reduced this fine Province to so distempered a condition, as scarcely to admit of cure. It should be observed that as far as the reserves are si- tuated in such concessions of settled Townships (not po- pulous townships, as Doctor Strachan calls them, for it is quite absurd to talk of populous townships in Upper Ca- nada) as have roads already passing through them, their being interspersed among cultivated farms is a great addi- tion to their value. But this is the case only with a few of the Reserves ; for even in the old settled townships, it rarely occuis, that roads arc opened past the third conces- sion, all beyond being in a state of nature, except, that most of the valuable timber has been culled out. It may perhaps be necessary to explain what a concession means. It is that range of farms Which extends from East to West through the whole length of a Township. In tlie old Towships the farms were laid out in what are cabled lots, being 105 chains or seven furlongs deep and nine- teen chains or two furlongs wide, which give 200 Acrest The first range from the South, is called the first conces- sion, that immediately behind it the second concessions and so on. J?etween the concessions tlwre are roads cal- led concession roads, (that is, marked on the maps, few are yet openeil) sixty-six feet wide, whicli at intervals are in- tersected by roads running through the concessions, called forty rived concG mean GlH the C qualit States Ofcoi and pi all is < " appa horrid genera vourini countr;) and mi sures b Proving Then i Lcti effect, tiraony red aft( have d( its nakf not vvitl try, or his nati gour, w the mea saying foreign portions pre*- !S to ^ould mine [)\e of li cau R, and theii* their ipered are sl- not po- for it is ^er Ca- n, their at addi- h a few ships, it conces- cpt, that It may I means. East to In ttie e called ,d nine- lO Acrest t conces- iceseion^ loads cal- I, few are lIs are in- ts, called 11 forty foot roads. I apprehend tlie word concession, is de- rived from the circumstance of these lands having heen conceded by the Crown to the U. E. Loyalists, U. E. meaning United Empire. Great as are the obstacles above named to the proiit of the Company, they fall into the shade of our political dis- qualifications. 1 have before observed, that the United States has an uninterrupted trade with all the world. — Of course every thing, and every body, is " alive, active anil prosperous. Canada is without trade; and of course all is " dull and languid" not " apparent dullness, not ^* apparent langouVf^' as Doctor Stracban calls it, hot realy horrid dullness, real enfeebling lan^our, such as is the generator and nurse of vicious propensities in man ; a de- vouring morbid aifection, which gnaws at the vitals of the country; and threatens its population with extirpation; and must assuredly, if the prohibitory and restrictive mea- sures be persevered in, sooner or later, cause this Upper Province at least, to become a part of the United States. Then it will be, Lackadaisy ! who'd a' thought it? Let the Company ponder well upon this fact. As to the effect, they can have no doubt,having tlic corroborating tes- timony of "all travellers'-. The cause they have enqui- red after fi'om parties, who have either been unable, or have deemed it prudent not to tell. They have it now in its nakedness, and until it be removed, the Company can- not with prudence embark a shill'vig of capital in the coun- try, or conscientiously invite a single Englishmitii to quit his native land, for this abode of poverty, apalhv, & lan- gour, where the grass grows greener in the streets than in the meadows : all that the Company can be justifietl in saying to such of their countrymen, as direct Ihrir views to foreign parts, is, that Upper Canada is one of the fairest portions of the earth, possessing evcr^^ advantage? of soil. climate, nnd natural facility for Agricultiiie, Trade and Commerce ; but let it be remembered^ that the same things way be said of Turkey. Can the fact be dwelt upon without pain, that the Pro- vince of a country possessing absolute dominion in the East Indies, styled the Queen of the Ocean, and a Pro« vince too, which could be carved into a hundred Englands, and which, it cannot be disguised, has been preserved in the sovereignty of its parent state, solely by the determi- ned, and unparalelled loyalty, bravery and fortitude of its people, should be under the cruel and monstrous necessi- ty of smuggling through a foreign land, every ounce of Tea, and every particle of India goods it consumes? and now, after representation of this crying evil to his Majesty's Mi- nisters through the legislature of the country, it is affected to be redressed by another more enormous, and more cal- culated to excite disgust. The people of Canada are now to receive their Tea direct from China, through the East India Company, at such prices as they may please to be- stow it. Thus, what should help to furnish the legitimate revenue of both the Provinces, must be put in^o the pock- ets of a monopolizing company of merchants, and the peo- ple deprived of carrying on a lucrative trade with their neighbors in the States, which they assuredly could com- mand, were a free, and unshackled commerce permitted to the Canadas with China, and the East Indies. What but dullness and langour can be expected in a Province so treated ? What, but loss, disappointment and chagrin, can attend a Company who embark a capital in the clear- ing of its lands ? and what but pining and regret can be Uie portion of the unfortunate families, who might be en- ticed to vegetate upon them ? for J defy any one to call it livhig. Wliy ? what is ihe reason, that tjic Canadas should not is le and things B Pro- in the . Pro. ;laiuls, veil ill stcrmi- e of its ecessi- afTea, il now, y's Mi- iffected Dre cal- ire now le East ito be- ;itimate epocfe- he pco- h their d com- srmitted What vince so :;hagrin, e clear- can be t be en- call it ould not be put on a footing with the United States in respect to trade ? Is it anticipated that we should be the worse sub- jects, for being treated kindly and justly? or the worse customers to the parent country, for becoming opulent? or meaner bulwark of her liberty and independence, from becoming a strong and efficient people ? Why are means a for ciKJouraging our agriculture pompously talked of, while our trade and commerce are bound hand and foot ? ^s the prosperity of British Agriculture ever spoken of, but in connection with trade aud commerce, as mutual! v nourishing and supporting each other? Then why ex- pect agriculture to flourish in Canada wliilc her trade and commerce languish ? Cause and effect have the same re- lations to each other in America, as in Europe. Would the Agriculture of the United States flourish in its present extraordinary degree, were her trade like that of Canada ? I can in no way discern, how the people of the United States are entitled to greater advantages than the people of Canada, wxcept that they fought against Great Britain, until they obtained all their desires ; nor can 1 discover why the people of Canada shotlld enjoy fewer advanta- ges than the poeple of the States, seeing, that they have always fought for Great Britain, and have, more than once, bled freely in her cause ; and I cannot help attribu- ting the present forlorn condition of Canada to a wretch- edly weak and blind policy, whicb I fervently pray, may soon give place to one, enlarged, liberal, and enlightened, worthy of the times in whicb we live, and of the British Empire, and calculated to bind this people for ever, it's grateful subjects, and desirable customers. The sanguine Doctcr Strachan concludes one of his an- swers to the queries of the Company, in the follomng no- table words; <*ln fine, were a little Cajjital thrown into the Province^ and the public attention drawn towards it, 'J \ li< •fi i i 14 Ian lis would rise four fold, and yet be cheap to the actual settler, as the produce would rise in proportion, from the rapid advancement of Commerce, of cuterprize, and in- crease of circulating medium." Now let us suppose the Company commence operations at once, upon a thousand lots, and resolve to clear twenty acres on each lot, which 1 should imagine is about the quantity they would fix on, rather less than more : csfinia- ting the cost at £S Halifax the acre, the same would a mount to £60,000, the quantity being 20,000 Acres. To accomplish this 1000 Americans must be hired, who v ill by commencing on tlie first of April, have the land pn pa- red in dup season to seed down with wheat, allowing ihein twenty weeks for th» operation, besides putting up 1000 log houses. The Company now prudently consider they liave done enough for the first season, and pay oflF the A- mericans, who, having no more work, depart from the country, taking with them their earnings, except what it may have cost for their maintenance, which may be about forty dollars a man. Now, where is the Capital that is thrown into the Province ky this manceuvre ? It is £10,000 spent for the labourer's maintenance, and £2500 expend- ed in seed wheat, reckoning a bushel for the acre, and 2s. 6rf. Halifax for the bushel. Some monopolizers of lots, adjoining the Reserve, may inform the Company, that the lands can be cleared by Emigrants ; but let them beware how they listen to such tales. Let us now take a view of the situation of the Company. Suppose the prime cost of the lands to be half a dollar an acre, each lot has cost £6S iOs. to clear and seed down, which makes the total cost of the lot £87 105. We will presume on the first thousand lots being so advantageously situated as to be deemed worth eight dollars per acre, in their then condi- tion ; but there being no purchasers for Cash* the Compa- 15 VV; iiy liavo (Ictermiiiccl to sell them to newly arrived emi- grants, from England, Iroliintl, ami Scotland, ^^llo arcs well recommended hy tiio Mi».istcrs of their rcsp';ctivo Parishes, for honesty, st)hricty, and industry, and further, are furnislwd with certificates of their ^kill in various branches ^f field husbandry ; but having spent their all in transporting themselves and familiee fo Canada ; tliey are penneylcss, except with the reservation of just so niiich as will furnish a bare sustenance, till the rrnp of wlieat romes round. So it is resolved to give the thousand Iwts to a thousand emigrants, for JC^lOO each, on the liberal credit of ten years, subject meanwhile to the legal interest of tho province, which is six per cent, or twenty four pounds a year ; and there can appear no danger in the step, seeing that the purchasers are not to get their deeds tUl tlie whole of the purchase money, with interest, is paid. Here then there is a sale of 200,000 Acres of Land for £400,000 which have cost the Company only £87.500.—- In ten years the purchase money is to be paid, which will cover the advance four and a half fold, and in the mean time the Company will derive ^revenue of £,24,000, or a* bout 29 per cent, per Annum on the Capital. Let it be presumed, that as the land ie all new, and the seed skilfully put in, the wheat will turn out a full crop, say 20 bushels to the acre, so that each emigrant has actually 400 bushels of wheat. One hundred will be expended in reaping, threshing and carrying to market, 20 must be re- served for seed, and 30 carried to mill ; so that he ha^ 250 bushels to peddle away, for a little cash (perhaps c- nougli to buy him a Cow) a little pork, a good deal of whiskey, a modicum of Tea and Sugar, a few remnants of stuffs, cottons, bobbins and tapes, leaving shoes and stock- ings out of the question, the whole to the amount of £31 ^s, flic value of his 250 bushels of wheat at 85. 6(?. a bushf !► ^.i- * ,1' i I 16 I !' ty % I' By this time a years interest has become due ; but as tll^ man has not been upon the land bng enough to turn him* self, the Agent of the Company, very justly., takes this matter into cjnsideration ; the poor fellow carries an ho- nest fronts states candidly how he has disposed of his wheat, speaks confidently about the next year's crop, and of his ultimate success, having increased his store by a Cow, and laid in a whole years provision and clothing, besides having put in his new seed. This is a flattering account for the Agent to write home to the Company, and though not a farthing of the £24,000 due for the first year's interest, is remitted home, still it is in prospect, md they have the satisfaction to know^ that it is in sure hands. The Emigrant had certainly put in his seed;, but being un- used to work among stumps, and being but indifferently supplied with borrowed implements, the consequence is, that the crop falls rather short of his expectations, say that he measures out 15 bushels to the Acre, or 300 bush- els in all, and which as there are so many new cultivators of the article, has unfortunately fallen to ^s. the busliel ; & what is more unfortunate still,as the last ye sive a requirement, and perhaps incompatible with ouv state as a Colony ; but suppose it granted in its fullest ex- 1 1 ti r: \A n ,„i. — ,. SB il 11 ii; •I'l tent ; let us examine what would be the effect to both England and Canada. The geographical position of the latter is such, as to give it tlie command of the whole Northwestern region of America, whence there is a direct communication with tlie Atlantic Ocean, by a continuous chain of Lakes, connected with the St. Lawrence, one of the most magnificent rivers in the world, of the outlet of which Canada is possessed. The American shores of the lakes as far as the Michigan Territory, are already to- lerably peopled, and are peopling at an unparalleled rate. The inhabitants of Canada are a diffusely scattered, & con- sequently a weak & inefficient population. It must be ta- ken for granted that it is a desideratum withGreat Britain, to maintain her sovereignty over this portion of the globe ; and it must be conceded, that the most effectual mode of securing that object, is to conciliate the affections of the people, who, though they may not all know, or be able to define the precise, and immediate cause of their wretched- ness, can compare their condition with that of their neigh- bours, and discover at least by the comparison, that they are wretched ; the one experiencing all the enlivening joys of existence, the other the fullness of its bitterness. Of this the British Government ought to be fully aware, and to leave no cause to its subjects in Canada to repine. E- very possible means should be adopted to increase, and condense her population, to which end nothing can be so effectual^ as to encourage her agriculture and her com- merce. Let Great Britain then throw open the commerce of Ca- nada to all the world, and there is an instantaneous, and irresistible attraction to Capitalists, & the labouring popu- lation which universally follow in their train. From *• dull and languid" all becomes ^* alive, active, and prosperous - Our fertile lands would bo souglit after with avidity by weal the ( gricu putia splen ofQu come might ties fo grief, townsi high s roads, seas, I terrupt " abilil ing hei gland ? she mis bute of ble ancl presen Londi the gro^ climes, in ten tive cou whcreb « oppress trade in with the Sea boa Govern I ignorant enough^ they are not quite such egregious fools as to expect a pro- fit from growing hemp, however high the authorities which may preach up its advantages. The f3ritish Navy must learn to do without cordage if it looks to Cana»{r^ to fur- nish it with hemp. We would rather have permission to go to Russia to buy hemp for our own consumption. — Whij is Russia Hemp a conspicuous article in the every day Prices Current of the United States? Out upon the drivelling policy that would make a Hell of each natural Paradise ! At the moment I am writing, there are hun- dreds, I may say thousands of its most efficient people, who are uu]y restrained from quitting this Province by the impossibiiity of selling their property for half what it has cost thrin. AVer-i I actually as rich as Rothschild is reported to be, T would on noacco'itit advance a copper for any such pur- ungra a mil ' forced I conse- of that le Act," teople of ee thoii- vtr anxi- as found [)th Pro- ger, and which a •ee thou- , to sup- it is but a benefit as 1 produce Though i enough, ect a pro- ties which !ivy must Ir^ to fur- tnission to mption. — the every t upon the ch natural i are huu- it people, nee by the ^hatit has iited to be, r such pur- sy pose, as settling the lands of this Province, while it labors under its present political restraints; hut if they were re- moved in the manner pointed out, 1 would cheerfuly ad- venture my whole fortune, neither the King of Naples nor the desolating Ferdinand should tout h a fiirthing of it, whatever temptations they UHght hold out, the whole should be employed here, and I should feel much stronger anticipations of a ten fold return for my investment, than if I undertook the working of forty gold mines, and wei*c insured the finding of an Abidean Diamond once a month. I will now direct the attention of tlie Company to ano- ther point important for them to achieve, to uisure the suc- cess of their undertaking. It should he guaranteed hy the British Government to every settler in Canada, of whate- ver nation or religitm, that he shall be recived as a British subject, and enjoy all the rights, privileges, and immuni- ties of such from the day of his taking the oath of alle- giance as by law prescribed, and Commissioners, or iVla- gistrates should be enjoined under penalty, to administer such oath to all who present themselves for the purpose of taking it With the above preliminaries firmly gua- ranteed, the Company may safely proceed ; but I recom- mend them to stipulate for all the Crown Reserves (I would on no account take a part of any of the Reserves,) all the Clergy Reserves, all the School Reserves, all the ungranted lots in newly surveyed Townships, and at least a million of Acres of unsurveved lands. For the Crown, Clergy, and the School Reserves, the Company ongiit not to give more than 2^. 6d. Halifax per acre; for the un- granted lots in newly surveyed Townships not more than one and six pence, and for the wild unsurveyed lands not more than one Shilling, The Government ought to cease granting lands, and all grants of Reserves (if any have been made) since the formation of the Company *ias been \ i I'i'i I! 1^ I: t * •J> i;; publicly talked of^ ought to he dcclarcil null ami voiil, ex- cept such as may have been made for actual services. — As 900U as the bargain is completed, trusty and expert A- gents should be despatched to France, Holland, Germany, and the United States, where tl>c utmost publicity should be given to the views of the Company, and means adopt- ed for facilitating the conveyance of such Capitalists, with their families and followers, as cliose to migrate. In the. first instance, great temptations should be held out to men of capital ; for it should he well understood by the Compa- ny, that it is not by their first operations, they can expect to make their profits, but by the natural rise in the value of their lands, from the settlement of men of capital in the heart of them ; and let the Company beware how they un- dertake the clearing of Lands; for insomuch as they dab- ble in that way, they will rue it. Clearing land is no bu- siness for the Company to undertake. They will be bet- ter cleared, and at a cheaper rate, by the purchasers of the lands themselves, & it will be wisely done of the Compa- ny, to use every exertion in their power to procure wealthy Americans for their first settlers, none being so ex]iert in the art of clearing lands, and arranging the economy of a farm in the wilderness ; and none being likely to prove more peaceable, orderly, or better disposed subjects, in short, their example would be highly beneficial to the settlers who followed, and thereby greatly promote tlie ultimate success of tliis glorious enterprize. It is enough for the Company to occupy themselves in o- pcning good roads, and constructing bridges, in diligent- ly seeking out the most eligible, and clearing scites for villages (hereafter to be Cities) erecting in each a few un- expensive huts, for the accommodation of a Blacksmith, a Carpenter, a Wheelwright, a Mason, a Taylor a Shoe- maker; and in buildinir here and there a Grist and Saw so ni\, ex- ices. — pert A- irmanyy should adopt- ts, with In the. t to men Compa- expect le value 9.1 in the they un- ley dab- 3 no bu- l be bet- urs of the I Compa- wealthy ert in the 9f a farm )ve more in short; > settlers ultimate Ivee in o- diligent- scites for I few un- ksmith, a a Shoe- ind Saw Mill. These and other o)»jetts, of whicli experience will point out tlie necessity, wilA be found abundantly to en- gage the capital of the Company, without plunging in a mad career of clearing lands and making loans to settlers^ as I observe has sagely hetin suggesteil. Men with mo- ney, I again aver, arc the »nly safe marks for the Compa- ny to treat with. If they can pay for their lands at the time of purchase, so much the lietter, if not, still if they have money, their lands will be improved with it ; in which case, if they revert again to the Company, it is verily a profit. The case would be very different from that of ho- nest John. It might indeed be advisable in some cases to make loans, which will naturally suggest to the Company the propriety of establishing a Hank in the Province, as the greatest engine of improvement they can possibly intro- duce, and an admirable means of furthering their own un- dertaking. ^ So entire would be the confidence of the Public in a Bank established by such a Company, that it would be the universal depository of the savings of the Province, which as it would confer upon the Company, most impor- tant benefits, so would it enable them to dispense to the public extensive good. For the accommodation of the first settlers, it would be advisable for the Company to be provided with a suflBcient number of Pot- Ash Kettles, to hire to persons, who would gladly undertake to erect works in the neighborhoods of tiie new clearings, whereby the adventurers would have the advantage of selling their ashes, which would be no inconsiderable saving to them, and rescue in the aggregate an immense property from waste. I have said that clearing lands is no business for the Company to undertake. It must be understood, that in some cases it would be expedient for the Company to as- « . '■/ I M{ '■ ! i-i (. 3! i < 80 sist settlers in clearing and draining Cedar and Hemlock Swamps, which comprise the most vahiable meadow lands in the Country ; but which, from the great expence of Mie operations of clearing and draining, being above the com- pass of individuals, remain mostly in their original state ; which if cleared, would open anew and increasing source of wealth, add infinitely to the salubrity of the climate, and contribute to the annihilation of noxious reptiles, insects and vermin. The Company should be proprietors of at least half a dozen farms inconvenient situations, which should be pla- ced under tiie management of the most experienced farm- ers that could be found, in order to serve as models to set- tlers, w ho should be encouraged to visit them, to view the effect of the judicious treatment of the various qualities of soil, the value of the diversity of manures which abound, hut which are made no account of, to witness the applica- tion of a variety of agricultural implements, of which they have no knowledge, and above all the superior beauty and value of the Company's cattle. Each farm should have upon it an experienced Orchardist and a Nursery-man, for the purpose of rearing the choicest fruit and forest trees, and thorn quicks for hedges, the w hole for sale to the settlers, w ho should be encouraged by every means to attend to their cultivation as soon as possible; for it should be understood, that the general mode of clearing, is, to cut all down "smack smooth," leaving the cleared lands in a body, and the woods in a body. Not a tree is left standing on the clearing, except the pines, which are kill- ed by girdling, that they may stand a cltance of being up- rooted by some favouring gale of w^ind. This together with the ragged rail fences, gives the country when the crops are off the ground, a most desolate, cheerless and w ild aspect, sickening to the eye of an Englishman who has been used to behold with ecstacy the impervious green hedges, and the magnificent timl)er trees, which bar- ricade and adorn, each field and meadow, and help to swell the mass of riches of his native land. From this circumstance, in process of time, great inconvenience will assuredly be felt r for in many situations, timlier for many valuable purposes cannt)t ))e procured, but from a great Kit. 31 lemlock )W lands ce of Hie the com- !il state ; g source late, and insects st half a d be pla- lhI farm- Is to set- view the ilities of abound^ applica- lich they autv and Id have ry-man, »d forest r sale to iieans to it should g, is, to d lands i is left arc kill- sing up- together hen the L*ss and an who lervious lich bar- help to rom this ice will or many a great distance, and consequently at a great expcncc. This is not felt at present ; but it will be the sure consequence of a much longer delay in planting timber trees, which aro slow of growth. 1 therefore point out this object to thn Company, as one inviting their immediate attention, and strenuous exertions to promote. Young Oaks, Ashes, Kims, Hickorys, Maples, Locusts, Chesnuts and Wal- nuts, and every choice kind of Apple, Peai*, Plum and Cherry tree, should be found in abundance in the Com- pany's nurseries for the cheap supply of the settlers. — Various other objects will engage the attention of the Company : but experience will best point them out. One other stipulation with the Government I had almost for- gotten to mention, which is that the purchase money for the lands should be laid out as soon as may be in the im- provement of our internal navigation. Let the Company beware how they engage to find Emi grants employment on their arrival in this country. I have been puz7.1ing my brains, to discover in what way the Company could give employment to such Emigrants, but to no purpose. It has been se&n, that the business of the Company in the first instance, is, to open Roads, construct bridges, and clear scites for villages, &c. &c. These ob- jects, to be accomplished on the cheapest principle,to vvhicli the Company will of course ever have a steady eye, must be performed by contract, and that with Americans, — Europeans have no knowledge of such business, and could not perform it for the whole capital of the Compa- ny. Set two of the strongest raw Europeans that ever appeared in Canada, to chop down a tree, that shall take them three quarters of a day to fell; then set two slim yankee youths of fifieon to oliop down a similar tree, and they shall accomplish it in an hour, without the least fa- tigue, while the Europeans shall be incapable of labour for tliree days afterwards, and it may be pretty lucky if both, or one escape without loss of life ov limb. In process of time to be sure, the Company may erect Iron works, open Lead mines, Marble quarries, &c. and when they find it expedient to engage in such undertakings, they can engage to furnish employment to Emigrants, but not till then. Let the Company iuspiic \lh and energy a- IS i if I' i ll ■y i, I ■;,i' mong their own wealthy settlers, and the people geuc^ rally ; and let the Government prooceed to improve the in-* ternal navigation, and immediately there is no lack of em- ployment for Emigrants, and no lack of emigrants to be employed, without any pledge from the Company. I recommend to every Gentleman of the Company who may not have read Mr. Robert Gourlay's publication on Canadian affairs, to read it immediately. He will there find a mass of true and valuable information, he can no where find besides. AVhen his book shall have been eX' tensively perused, and duly considered, I trust that though lie may never be able to obtain redress of the wrongs he has sustained, he will live in the esteem oi. all good and virtuous men. Meanwhile^ let his manly and benevolent heart be soothed under his cruel and unmerited sufferings, by the assurance that he has the blessings of thousands in V pper Canada, who only wait for better times, to afford hlni a substantial proof of their gratitude for his great and zealous efforts in their behalf, one consequence of which they contemplate in the formation of the Canadian Land Company, which 1 have now the honour to address. Impelled by a strong sense of duty, I have been indu- ced to submit this hasty production to the consideration of the Company and the British Public, and I humbly hope it will be received as it is meant. 1 have endeavoured to convey the exact impressions of my mind upon the vast and glorious undertaking about to be engaged in, by a respectable body of my Countrymen, who, generally speaking, I am confident, can have but feint ideas of the difficulties that surround them. I have, in as concise a manner as 1 knew how, pointed them out. There will be danger in supposing I have drawn an overcharged picture. Experience will inform you that 1 have written in the spirit of Truth. Allow me now the honour to subscribe myself Gentlemen, Your most obedient Humble Servant, AN ENGLISHMAN. Ujpper Canada, October 31, 1824. . . > pie gene- ve the iii- ck of em- nts to be h lany who cation on t^ill there 3 can no been ex- at though wrongs he good and enevolent ufferings, nsands in to afford great and of which ian Land ess. een indu- eration of ibly hope »'oiired to the vast in, by a generally as of the concise a •e will be 1 picture. in in the subscribe MAX.