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Lewis & Dryden 
 
 MARINE HISTORY 
 
 OK THK 
 
 Pacific Northwest 
 
 AX ru.-STRATKn KKMKU- OH THK OROWTH AXn DKVEr.OPMHXT OF THK MARITIME 
 
 iNinisTRv, FROM run a„ni.:nt of the earliest xavigators to the 
 
 ■•RlvSHXT TIM,.:. WITH SKETCHES AND PORTRAITS OF A XUMBER 
 OF WEIJ< KNOWN MARINE MEN 
 
 i;iMTi:u nv 
 
 E. W. WRIGHT 
 
 PORTLAND. OKlx-.ox 
 Tm; l,i:\vi,s ^: I)i<vi,i.;n Ph,x,in,; l'o.mpanv 
 
 1895 
 

 Bntered according tu Act of Congress, in the year 1895, by 
 
 THK I.KWIS & DRYDKN PRINTINC. COMI'ANY, 
 
 in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 IN ESSAYING to place on reiord a history of the greatest industry on tlie 
 Pacific Coast, care has been exercised to present a correct and truthful account 
 in accordance with the relative importance of the various details which 
 
 collectively form the work. The ancient Bt\iTi'r. Olhr, Lot Wliikomb, and 
 other craft of a contemporaneous period, wouk^ appear insinnilicant indeed in 
 competition with the lloatin;; palaces of the present day ; and yet none of the 
 majiniticent steamers which have supplanted them command a tithe of the attention 
 or importance accorded them while they were blazin;; the way for their eleyant 
 successors. It is for this reason that in many instances much space has been 
 devoted to both steam and sailing craft, the dimensions of which were not at all 
 in proportion to their historical importance. 
 
 The territory covered by the history is of such scope that ri;;id condensation 
 has been absolutely necessary to enable the presentation of so many matters of 
 interest to marine men ; and, as the work is exc!usi\ ely a record of maritime 
 projjress, the international boundary controversies, the "Oregon Question," anil 
 kindred themes, have been left for the historical uriters who have in a measure 
 ignored marine matters. The vanjzuard of civilization for centuries has been led 
 by the mariners, and their achievements from the days of Columbus mark the 
 beyinninj; of history in e\ery new country which has become a portion of the 
 known world. Notwithstandinj; this fact the chroniclers of Northwestern history 
 touch but briefly on the subject, followinu it no farther than its niception. With 
 the e.xception of the official documents in the custom-house-- and the log-books of the 
 Hudson's Bay Company's vessels, all other records anil similar sources of inforniation 
 have likewise furnished but little of interest. As a result, a considerable portion 
 
VI 
 
 PRHHACK 
 
 of the iliitii from whiih tlu" ^ri-ati-r part of this work has heen i-oinpilfd was 
 necessarily secured from men who participated in the events chronicled. Wherever 
 contlictinjj statements have been received from parlies equally qualified to yive 
 information on a question, an effort has been made to harmonize such statements 
 without materially cliannini; the facts. Statistics, which under all circumstances 
 are dry reading!, are dispensed with as far as possible, and these pages contain 
 only such as are necessary in illustrating the growth of tl".' industry. 
 
 The kindly assistance and co-operation of hundreds of marine men in the 
 Northwest has rendered the production of so extensive a review possible, and, as 
 a work of their own creation, it is herewith submitted. 
 
 h". W. W. 
 AUGUSI, 1895. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 CHAI'TUR I. 
 
 tiiceiitlves for Marine Rxploralion in the Vacific Nortliwest — MaKellaii Knters tlie I'acific Meii<lo7.a Oinpalclieii tlie I'irat 
 Fleet to Search for tlie Northwest I'asaaue - Arrival of Sir Francis Drake ami the "Golden Hind"— Jiian de 
 Fneii's Discovery — Wreck of the Beeswax Ship — Hcceta Discovers the River St. Roc — Captain Cook'* 
 Explorations — I'ortlock and Dixon Arrive, 1786 Uentenanl Meares and the " Nootka " — I.annchinn "f the 
 First Vessel in the Northwest — Meares Kntcrs the Straits of Jnun de Fura — Arrival of t'.rny and Kcndrick With 
 the "Columbia" and " I.ady WasliinKton " -Spain Seizes all Hrilish Vessels in the Northwest— Capt. C.eorKe 
 Vancouver Arrives with the " Discovery " and " Chatham " — Oray Knters and Names the Columbia -Cfrowlh of 
 the Fur Trade— Massacre of the Crew of the Ship " Boston "—Rise and I'all of Aslor's Kuterprise at the Mouth 
 of the Columbia — Fate of the "Tonc|uiu" — Schooners "Vancouver" and " Dolly " I.aunched — Wreck of the 
 " William and Ann "--The Pioneer Steamer " Beaver " Arrives - I.OK-books of Steamer " Beaver " and Schooner 
 " Vancouver "—H. M S. "Sulphur" 
 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Building of the " Star of Oregon " I.oss of the Brig " Peacock " -Arrival of the Barks " Maryland ' and " Chenamus " 
 —The Schooners " Calapooia " and "Wave" Built on the Columbia Wreck of the "Shark " Crowtli of the 
 Coasting Busiues.s— F'irst Mail Received at Portland— The "Sylvia de C.rasse " anil Other Noted Wrecks -Fl.Uboat 
 Navigation of the Willamette The First River Steamboat— Arrival of the Pioneer Steamships " Caroline ' and 
 "Cold Hunter "—The Steamer " Lot Whitcomb " Launched - The Columbia River's First Pilot Schooner — The 
 Unipipia River Receives a \'isit From Ocean-going Vessels— Branch Licenses Issued to Columbia River Pilots . 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The First Steamer on the t'pper Willamette — The Steamers "Multnomah," "Caneniali,' 
 " Blackhawk " —The "James P. Flint " on the Middle Columbia — The Iron Propeller 
 Mining Started at Fort Rupert -The Steamship " Columbia" —The Venerable "tVoliah 
 License Issued on Puget Sound -" Kxact " arrives at Alki Point with I'ounders of .Seattle 
 in Vessels— I.oss of the Steamship "Cieneral Warren " The Pacific Mail Fstablislies IIead(|Uarters at St. Iltlens - 
 Oyster Schooners on Sboalwater Bay Additions to the Coasting I'leet - The "Susan Slurgis ' Si-i/ed by the 
 Indians— Steamship " Beaver" .Seized for Violation of Revenue Laws — Loss of the Bark " Lord Kaglaii." anil the 
 Brigs "Bordeaux " and "Marie" . . 
 
 " Washington " and 
 ' Willameltf " - Coal 
 'The I''irsl Coasting 
 Change of Ownership 
 
 .'..^ 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Arrival of the Steamer "Traveler" on Puget .Sound Loss of the " Major Tompkins" — Puget Sound Steamers " Water 
 Lily " and " Daniel Webster "— The Pioneer Steamship "California" Steamship " America "—The "James 
 Clinton " Reaches I{ugeue City on the Willamette - Indian Troubles on the Columbia and Puget .Souml The 
 Steamship ' Oregon " — Schooner " Calaniet "—Wreck of the " Desdemoua "—Arrival of Steamer " Conslitiitioii " 
 — Steamer "Sea Bird" — Steamboats "Surprise" and " Klk " — Steamers "Ilassalo" and " Mouiitaiu lluik " 
 — Steamer " Vancouver " — A Tnalitin River .Steamboat — Oregon's First liar Tug, the " I'carless" The llarkeutine 
 "Jane A. Falkeuberg" — Steamer ' Portland " Swept Over Oregon City F'alls -Boiler Ivxplo-iions 011 .Steamers 
 " Fairy " and " Washington " - Rush to the Fraser River (iold Mines — Building of Steamers " Fli/a AndersDii " 
 and"Julia" — Loss of the Steamer "Traveler" — The "Venture," the I'irst .Steamer to Shoot the Cascades — 
 The Novel Trip of the " Maria " From San Francisco to Puget Sound 
 
 5.S 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 First Steamboat on I'liper Columbia— Steamers "Cioveruor Douglas" and "Colonel Moody" Built at Victoria .'\rrival 
 of Steamship '■ Labouchere "— The First Lighthouse Tender-Steamer "Carrie Ladd"— Steamship "Jolin T. 
 Wright" Built at Port Ludlow— The I'niou Transportation Company- The "Kuterprise," the I'irst Steamer 
 oil the Chehalis River — The San Juan Trouble — Puget Sound Lumber Fleet — Boiler Ivxplo.sion on Steamer 
 "Caledonia" — Schooners " Blue Wing" and " Kllen Marie" Destroyed by the Indians and Crews Murdered - 
 Oregon Steam Navigation Company— A Cattle-power Boat on the Willamette— Steamer " Idaho " — Victoria 
 Steamers "Henrietta," "Hope," and "Flying Dutchman "—Loss of Steamship " Norllieruer"— Wreck of the 
 "John Mar:, hall," "Consort," " Floreucia," and "Nanette" .Sidewheelei " Ivnterprise " 011 the .Sound as an 
 Opposition Boat— First Propellers Built in the Victoria District— Boiler Explosions on the "Cariboo" and 
 "Fort Yale " —Steamers "Tenino" and " Okanogan "-Captain Taylor Brings the "St. Clair" Over Oregon 
 City Falls -Lo.ss of Schooner "Woodpecker" Brig "Persevere" Founders Off Flattery— Fourteen Lives Lost 
 oil the F'raser 
 
 .So 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 The Golden Days of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company— The People's rransporlatiou Company— Portland's I'irst 
 Seaside Boat — HoUaday's Jlo.nx) a Month Subsidy — British Steamers "Thames" and "Diana" Captain 
 Irving's " Reliance"— William Moore Opens Navigation on the .Slickeen River— Steamer " Shubrick " Versus 
 Port Townsend— The Oldest Shipmaster iu the Northwest— Wreck of .Schooner "Tolo," Bark "Ann Barnard," 
 and Schooner " Brant "—Establishment of Steamboat luspector's Office in Portland— War ami Peace Between 
 the Oregon Steam Navigation and People's Transportation Compauies -Many New Steamers Built— The F'irst 
 Steamer Over the Rapids at Celilo— Pioneer .Sound Steamers "J. B. Libby" and "Mary Woodruff" " British 
 
viil 
 
 COKTKNTS 
 
 Colutnhiii I.nke Sleaiiicra " I'riiu-F iir WnlrH," " rriiii-c AlCreil," Htiil " Sentim " "Tlir " NHrraiiiiMir'ii" Loiik 
 Trip I'nmi San l'r»iictiM-o to tli-- S<iiinil The SlemiUT "New Worlil " Arriven on the Coliiiiihin ■ Straiiierii 
 " Cucailet," "YRkiuiH," niul "Uwyhre" "I'miiiie Troii|i," " Seimlor,' mid " Kcli»iice " -The "Maria" 
 I'orrciteil to tlie I'liileil SlHlen (■.oveniitient — Tlie "Celilo, " the Seroiiil SteHtiier Over the Canrmleii -Tlie 
 " l-'iilclcier " ~ William Moure'H Steamer " Alexamlria "— Cnpt. Jiiiiiny Joik'h' Celehratetl C'riiiHe with the 
 "Jeiiiiy Jotie» " — I'UKet SoiiikI Steamcm " lllack Iiiaiiioiiil " anil " I'inueer "- The Tnx " Cyrim Walker" — 
 Victoria'* I'irp' I'ilot Sehnoner Wreck of the Harkii "Iwanowna" anil "Ocean llird," anil Schooner "Cornelia 
 Terry" lloiler Kxploaion on Steamer "Mnry WoolrnlT" 
 
 Iii6 
 
 CHAI'THR VII. 
 
 ItOai of the " llrother Jonathan "—Willamette Steam Navigation Company The Dalle* Schooner Navifiation Company 
 — Oppoaitinn on the Cowlitz Konte Steam*hi]>H "Del Niirte" ami " Ori/.alia " - Col.imliia Kiver'* i''ir*t liar 
 TuK— t'pper Columhia Steamer " I'orly-nine"— The "Sii Jame* Dongla*"— The I'irale " Shenaiuloah " - I'uxet 
 Sound'* I.umlicr Ditere*t* -Wreck of the Hark " Indnittry '— Crew of the "Royal Cliailie" Murdered by the 
 Northern Indiana— The "Shoahone" huunched at I'ort lloine ( )reKon \ Montana Transportation Company 
 —Steamer* "Mary Mooily," "Cabinet" and " Miw.niiln" The " Okanogan " llroUKht to the Middle River— 
 Chehali* River Steamer "Salnall" The "Jinic MrNrar" on Tn^et Sound — HritiHh Steamer " Isaliel " - 
 Steauiahip* " I'idelaler" and "Coniiiantine" The KuHHian- American TeleKriiph Company -Ship " NixhtinKale" 
 —Anchor Line Steamahipii "Montana" and "IdRho '— The "Continental" and the Mercer Ctirl*— Steamohip 
 "Oriflamme" Wreck of the Steaniihip " I.nlioiuiifre " and Mark "Manna Kea " 
 
 CHAPTHR VIII. 
 
 ilfect of Alaaka I'urchaae on Marine lluiiinc«H The SteaniHhip " t'olitkofiiky " — Cnuihination of SteaniHliip Interest*— 
 The " Idaho " and "California " —Cowlitz Steam NaviKation Conipniiy The " New World " on I'ugel Sound— 
 Ciray's llarlior Steamer* "Chehali*" and "Carrie Davin '-Wreck of the " W. II. Scranton "—The Willamette 
 I'alU Canal S: Lucks Company — Steamer* " Sncce** " and "Albany " — The "V. S. (irant" on the Ilwaco 
 Route— New Steamer* on I'UKet Sound -lloiler Ivxplo.Hiou on the "Resolute" Steamer " Kandoops"—Coa9tin({ 
 Fleet of 1868 — Columbia River's First ('.rain \'e*sel — llarratry Case nf the Schooner " Hailcy " - Capt. J. D. 
 Warren'* Battle w'*li Northern Indians W >^ck of the Cnited States Steainship " Suwannee " and Other Vessels 
 — Ore({ou Steam Navi({atiou Company Killers the I'icld on Vn^ct Sound -Steamers "Olympia" and " Alida " 
 — The " C.ussie Telfair" — Thrilling lind of the (".iinboat " I'lirward " — Tuy " .\storia "- North I'licific 
 Trans|Mirtation Company — Mercer's New Vork I.ine of Salliii); Vessels— The "Jnlin Bright " Wrecked and Crew 
 Murdered— The Derelict "Maria J. Smith" 
 
 '55 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 The "Sh-shone's" Snake River Trip — The " Oueoula " Brought to the I,ov\er River — Steamers "Missoula" and 
 "Cabinet" Kilter I'end d'Oreille l,akc--Tlie Second " Vancmivcr " — The Willamette Navigation Cmnpany The 
 Thk "Merrimac" — The "Swan's" Trip to RoseburK 011 the rmpijua The Sleanisliip "Pelican "Steamship 
 " llrappler " — Increase in KoreiKii ('.rain Sliipmeiits — Pu^et Sound Produces Fast Sailing Vessels— The " North 
 I'acitic " and " Zephyr " — Inspection District Fstablislied on I'uget Sound— First Kictnscs Issued Steamers 
 "Annie Stewart," "Dixie Thompson " and " Hiiiina Ilaywaril" Iteii llolladay Furclmser. the People's 
 Transportation Company's Steamers— The W'lanulte FrciKhliiig Coinpaiiy - Columbia Transportation Company 
 — First Steamship Fnlers Ro);ue River — The Steamship ' Cunstantiiie " Kuiiiiing Opposition — Boiler Fxplosioii 
 on Steamer " Family Harris "—Wreck of Baik " Ilattie Besse ' and Steamer " I'. S. rtrant " — Steamer* "Maude" 
 and " Blakely " — Steamships "Prince Alfred" and " Ivastport " — Vaiiuina Hay Steamer "Oneatta" — The 
 Oregon Steamship Company — Puget Sound's Lumber I'leet — Iluiler Ivxptosion on Sleainer "Resolute" at 
 Portland 
 
 i8r 
 
 CHAPTKR X. 
 
 Mysterious I'ale of the " George S. Wright " — First Steamer ThrouKli the Locks at Oregon City — Steamers of the 
 Willamette River Transportation Company— The Steamer " Daisy Ainsworlh " —Tugs " Scilalia " and " F'earless" 
 — The Coos Bay & Coipiille Transportation Company — Merchants' Traiis]>ortation Company of Olympia- British 
 Steamer "Union" — Northwestern Lumber IMeet of 187^ — The Willamette River Steamer " Ohio "—Steamer 
 " Willamette Chief" — Columbia & Willamette Barge Company Tugs " C. J. llreiiham " and " Katie Cook " — 
 Steamers " f.lenora " and "Ccni " on the Stickeeii River — Steaiusliip " Los Angeles " — Licensed Officers in the 
 Puget Sound Ins|>ection District —The Oregon Clipper "Western Shore " -Wheal Shipineiils I'roni Astoria^ 
 Shipbuilding on Puget Sound Wreck of the "Panther. " "Sidi," " FMwin," Diana," and Other Well Known 
 Vessels 
 
 304 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Loss of the Steamship " Pacific " — The Disastrous Year 1875 Fxplosion of Steamer " Senator " Willamette 
 Transportation & Locks Company — Oregon Steam Navigation Company .Again on the Willamette — .Steamers 
 "Occident" and "Orient" -Steamer "City of Salem " — Ilwaco Steam Navigation Company — Steamship 
 Opposition on the Victoria Route — Cassiar Mining F;xcitemeiit Steamers " Gleiiora," " Cicrtrude " and " Royal 
 City " — The Oreat Run of the "Western Shore" From .San Francisco - Farmers' Transportation Company — 
 People's Protective Trans|>ortation Company — The " Ocklaliama " and " .\lmota " — Tugs "Pilot" and 
 "Columbia " — Willamette Steamer " Beaver " Goes to Ala.ska — Steamships " George W. FHder " and " City of 
 Chester" Arrive from the Fast — Puget Sound Transportation Company — Steamboat Routes on Puget Sound 
 Tugs "Tacoma" and " Alexander "—The "Cassandra Adams" and Other I'ine Sailing Vessels Built on the Sound 
 —Puget Sound's First Grain Cargo— Loss of the Brig " Perpelua," Schooner " ITrania," and Other Small Vessels . 
 
 223 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 lu6 
 
 CHAI'THR XII. 
 
 The I'iiif StcriiwIifi'liTii " Wirli- Went," "R. K. TIii)III|ihoii," " Mmiiiliiin Oiieen " ami "Annie Kaxon " — 8te«inl)OAt 
 (HliciTB 111! Miilclle unil rpjitT Colnniliia -WillBMirtle Kivt-r StfiiMiiTH " McMiiiinille " nnil "A. A. McCnIly " 
 OppoHilion to Slnrrn I.ini' <)n I'liKi-l Soninl - Tlie I'acitio Cimsl SiiiiinBliip rmiipHny - Sleiiiiwliip " Alexander 
 Diiiu'iui" Ijitcrs llie Hiil»law River Cohniiliiii River tirain anil I'liKel Sciiinil I.unilier I'let-t for |H«7 Wreck 
 of llie •■ConinKwIore," " CatnliriciKe, " " SworclfiHli," " Niniliua " ami " lllack IvaKlf " — Steain«lilp "C.reat 
 Repulilic" uM the Turtlanil Roule — Steamer* "Jolin C.alea" and "liarveiit gneen "— Jacob Kanini'H Steamer 
 "l.urline" -Lewis and Lake River TranHportatioii Conipatiy -The "Olyinpia" Returns to I'unet Sound and the 
 " WilHon (1. Hunt " In Victoria- Mriti»h Columbia Lake Steamer* "Spallamacheen " and " I.ady of the Lake " 
 — I'UKel Souinl Steamers "("lein " and ".|i)»cphine" —Opposition Pilot Schooner on Columbia liar— I.oso of the 
 I'amiius Clipper " Weslirn Shore" I'atal Collision of llarks " Osmyn " and " Aureola "—Wreck of the " KinK 
 Philip,' "City of Dublin" and Steamer " Heaver" — Schooner "Phil Sheridan" Run Down by Steamship 
 " Ancon " 
 
 24s 
 
 U" 
 
 CHAPTKR XIII. 
 
 Loss of the Steamship " (".real Republic '-Arrival of the " OreKon " and the "State of California "—OrcKim Railway & 
 Navixatitm Company Succeeds the Orenon Steam NaviKatiou Company - Numerous Small Steamers Bnilt on the 
 ColiMubia— The "f'.eorjje \',. Stair" and " Cassiar " I,aun-hed at Seattle — List of Steamers ReKistered in the 
 PuKe'. Sound District in 1S79 — The " Western Slope" anil Other llritish Columbia Steamers — Ship "Olympus" 
 Built at Seabeck —Seattle Coal I'leel — Loss of the " Marmion " and Other Sailing' Vessels— Northern Pacific 
 Steamer " Frederick K. Hillings" —The Oregon Railway & Navigation Company's I'irst Steamer, the " llassalo" 
 —Coos Itay Steamers -Steamship "Columbia ' Arrives on the Coast —The " William Irvilljj " and "Peerless"- 
 Licensed Ollicers in Puxet Soninl Dislrict- Numerous Additions to the Steamer I'leet on Pngel Sound— Columbia 
 River Cirain I'leel - Wreck of the " Dilliarrie," "Cieiieral Cobb," "David lloadley," "Joseph Perkins," 
 "Thrasher," "CiUssie Telfair," and Other Well Known Vessels 
 
 .165 
 
 CHAl'TIvR XIV. 
 
 lis 
 
 SleauiBliip " Vaiiuina " lliiill at Portland Tile Villaid .Svudicate Purchases Ten Well Known Coast .Steamships -The Starr 
 Line on l'u>;et Sound .Accpiireil by the Oregon Railway vt Navigation Company The "Harvest (Jneen " Hrou(jht 
 Through The Dalles- The ■South lleinl," the I'irst Steamer Constructed on .Shoalwater Hay — Columbia 
 Transportation Ci>in|>any I'cople's fransporlation Company — Shoalwater Day Transportation Company — 
 .Steamer "Henry Villard " on Lake I'eiid d'Oreille "Welcome," " .Annie .Stewart " and " Rip Van Winkle" go 
 to I'UKel Sound Numerous .Sailing \essels lluill on Punet .Souiiil - Terrible hale of the " Lnpalia " — Wreck of 
 
 the "Rival," " I'ern C.len," " l.animerlaw," "('.. IlroUKhton," " Kditli Lome, fwenty first of May," 
 
 "Corsica," "Harvest Home," " Malieville " and " Rainier "—The Ship "Olympus" Iluriied at .Sea— " Clatsop 
 Chief" Sunk by Steamship " Orc^jon " — Closing Days of Steamboat Supremacy on the Middle River -Steamers 
 '■ R. R. I'lioinpson " and "Mountain (Jiieeii " llroUKht Over the Cascades Pacific Coast .Steamship Company 
 Withdraws I'rom the Colmnbia River Trade - Portland Tug Company anil the " Pioneer " -The Washington 
 Steamboat Coinpauy 
 
 3.S1 
 
 CHAPTKR XV. 
 
 The Canadian Pacific Navigation Company Sleainer " Vosmiite "— J. 1). Warren's h'leet Steamers " W. K. Merwin " 
 and " W, !•'. Mnnroe " Nninerons .\dilitiiins to the Steam Pleet on Pnget Sound —Tug " Kscort No. 2" 
 Cieur d'.Alcne Transportation Cmnpany- Steamer " Kninia llunie " Huill at Astoria- Coal and Lumber I'leet 
 for |S8;(— A Vear of Disasters - I'earful Loss of Life on Steamship "(irappler'' llurniug of Steamship 
 " Mi.ssissippi " and Steainer " f.em " — Hoiler llvplosion on Steamer "Josephine" — Wreck of Steamships 
 "Victoria" and " Tacoma " -A (Juarlet of Vessels Wrecked in Royal Roads — Loss of the "Oiia," " C. L. 
 Taylor," "Revere," "Whi.sller," ' Cairiismore" ami "War Hawk " -Mysterious I'ate of the "J. C. Cousins " 
 -The Marine Engineers' .Association — Arrival of Steamers "Alaskan " and "Olympian" — Captain Scott's 
 "Telephone" — The Traiister Steamer "Tacoma" — Steamer "Coos Hay" — Tugs "Astoria" and " p'avorite " — 
 The " Ivli/.a .Ainlersim " .Again Running Opposition on the Sonnil— The People's Steam Navigation Company 
 of Victoria — Steamers ".Amelia" ami "Teaser" — Narrow I\scape of the Steamshi]) " I'liiatilla " — "Tillie I*!. 
 Slarbnck," the I'irst Iron Ship Huilt in America— Wreck of the " Li/.iie Marshall" 
 
 303 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 New steamers on llritish Columbia Lakes and Rivers — The " Kootenai " -Willamette 
 .Steamers on Puget Sound and the Columbia — Revenue Cutler "Richard Rush" — 
 Wreck of the " Abbey Cowper " and " Dcwa (iungadhar" — The " Dolphin " and 
 Development Company's Sleainers " Three Sisters" and " N. S. Ilentley " — The 
 Sonnil— Tug " Mogul "—The " Vnkoii " and Her ".emarkable Trip to Alaska - 
 — The " Man/.anita" — The Kootenai Lake .Stea* lers " Spokane " and " Madge " 
 Pacific Railway's I'ir.st Tea Shipment — Cireat ,oss of Life and Property by Sh 
 I'outiilers — Mysterious Disappearance of tin Hark "Sierra Nevada "-- Wrec 
 " Kitsap,"" W. H, Hesse," Steamship " Hariiar . Ca.stle," " Sir Jamseljee Family," 
 Thayer," " Lilly llrace," " Harvey Mills, I'mstee " and " Helviilere " — llnrning 
 
 .Steamboat Company — Small 
 Columbia River Cirain I'leet — 
 Rosie Olsen " — The Oregon 
 ' I'leelwooil " (toes to Puget 
 The Steruwheeler "Alaskan" 
 — Steamer " Leo "—Canadian 
 ipwreck — Steamship " Iteda " 
 •k of the "John Rosenfeld, " 
 ' Carniarthan Castle," " lUla S. 
 of the " Webfoot" 
 
 327 
 
CONTKNTH 
 
 CHAI'THR XVII 
 
 The CAiiailUii I'ltrillc Kmlwiiy Cuiii|iiitiy'» Sleniii>lii|i» — liu'reaur in llriltili (.'oliiinliiii'ii Slcmii fleet — <lreK<>" I'miHi' 
 Unilwiiy Cuiiipiiiiy'a Sleaiiitliip* " Williuiiette Viillrv " niiil " I'.iiittrrii Ori-Kun," hikI T»g» " Kraoliite," " RniiKer," 
 "Tliinlle" aii<l "J. M. (.'oleiiian " The Sleniiier " Waaro " limit mi the Miclille Hiver " Kootenai Lake 
 Steainera "Siirpriac," "•'•aleiia " anil " llliie llrll " - ru|{el S<innil l.uni'ier ami Colninliia Kiver drain I'leet 
 Niimeroua KInr Sailinx VciacU ntiill In the Northwr»l An Kplilcmic of Marine Diuitera — Myaterloua 
 ll|iia|>|)carance of the " Sierra Nevada" ami " St. Stephenii " — Wret-k of the Steainahip* " Vn<|nlna City " ami 
 " Yaipilna Kay " — Canaillan I'acirir Steam NavlKatlon Conipany'a Steaniera " lalaniler " anil "Premier" 
 SteatiiHhiim in the Ni)rthwe»lern Triiile In 1HH7 The " T. J. Potter." " I'liillne " ami " Telephone " Steam 
 .Si'hiHinrra " MiclilKan " ami " l.aknie "— Sleaniihlp Service Kutahliaheil to Ciray'* llarlHir TuK " **e» I.inn " on 
 I'liKet Sonml -The " llai»Hlo" Shoota the CiiHi-ailea - PiiKet Sounil'a Ciial ami l.nuilwr I'leet -Pearful Wrerk 
 of the "Alwroorn" - Boiler Kxploalon on the " lliih IrvliiK" — HurninK of the Putfet SoumI Steamer " Mef 
 Krickaon" 
 
 CHAI'Tl'R Will. 
 
 ' lone," " Moilor " nml " No Womler " - Steiiinaliipa 
 
 "City or Piichlii "—Strike Anionx the Norlhweatern 
 
 ' Wreekecl I.ons of the " Anoon " ami " Maho" — 
 
 ami "North lluv " llnrne'! on the SoumI "Clan 
 
 The I'UKCt SoumI Ki Alaaka Steaniahip Company Steamer* "State of WaahiuKton " ami " Falrhaven "— Aililitiona to 
 the Soiiuil, Shoal water Hay ami Cray '« llarlior I'leet Tuk« " Lome." "Alert." "Active." "Trinuipli," "Wallowa" 
 ami " Printer" — Steaniera " Delaware." "(V \V. Shaver." 
 " llaytian Kepuhlic." "Corona," "City of Topeka" ami 
 Steaml>oatmen - Uml of the " .Maakan " TiiK " I'earlesa ' 
 Steamer* "J. B. I.ilihy," " Deapatoh," "Bee," "Neptune' 
 Mackenzie " Sunk hy Steaniahip "Oregon " .Steainera "City of KinK'*ton " ami " C ty of .'ieattle "—Seattle Steam 
 NaviKalion & Tranaporlation Company Sternwlieelcrn " Bailey ('<at/.ert " ami " Ct.eyhonnil" t'nion Steaniahip 
 Comp.iny of Vancouver — HrilUh Coliimhia Sleaincra " Myntery." " Chieftain." " TluHtle," " Slamlanl " ami 
 " I'jirle " — Coluinliia & Kootenai Steam Navixalion Company— .Steamer " I.ylton " -Canailian Pacific's Oriental 
 Mnera "Parthia." " Batavia " ami "AliyBsinia" — ,Ste.".in«hip "Alice Blaiichanl " — Ship "Thermopylii" — 
 Diaappearanceof Bark " Nellie May " ami .Schooner " |lou);laa I)e:irl>orii "—Wreck of the Steamship " Sarilonyx," 
 Bark " Atalanta," Ship "Slraun " ami Other Veaaela 
 
 .\''\ 
 
 CHAI'Tl'R \1X. 
 
 Coluniliia River & Puget Sound Navigation Com;<any Puxel Sonml Tugboat Company — The Whaleliack "C. \V. 
 Wetmore " — Steuinera " Victorian ' and ' Flyer "-- Dallea. Portluud S: Anloria NaviKBtion Company Inland 
 Steamers " Colnnihia." " Norma " ami " Spokane " Cai'iidian Pacilic Railway's Royal Mail Steamship Line - 
 Britiah Steamers "Coinox," "Capilano" and " Caledonia "—The " Kinhlelon's " I.oiik PaasaKe Wreck of the 
 Steamship ".Sail Pedro " Boiler Kxplosion on the " Kvan^jel "- British Ship " Stratlililane " Wrecked on North 
 Bench— Numerous Disasters on Sound, River ami Ocean The Oregon Railway S: NaviKatiun Company Withdraws 
 Prom PuKel Sound Steam and Sailing Vessels on the Inland Sea The " B. P. Wenre " on the Yukon River 
 The Cicur d'Alene Steamer " CcorKie Oakes " -Kootenai Steamers " Aiincrly " and " Stale of Idaho ' — .'>teainers 
 ".Sarah Dixon." " Raniona," " Hattie Belle " ami " Chilkat " First Lightship oil Pacific Coast Doiniiiion 
 Steamship "(Juadra" -Oriental Steamship Lines Wreck of the " Ferndale." " Kriccaon," " C. \V. Wetmore" 
 and Other Vessels— Collision of the " Premier " and " Willamette " 
 
 .^H4 
 
 CHAPTKK XX. 
 
 First I,og Raft on the Pacific — Okana){an Lake Steamer " Aherdeen " — The Canadian Pacific's Australian Sleamsliip 
 Line — The " D. S. Baker " Shoots the Cascades — Steamers Built in the Victoria, Puget Sound and Willamette 
 Districts — Seattle Marine Railway — Pngel Sound and British Columbia I.uiulier Fleet — I.iKlithoiise Tender 
 *' Columbine " — Boiler l\xplosioii on .Steamer " Annie I-axoii " Sound Steamers Destroyed by F'ire - Loss of 
 Steamships " Michigan " and " Wilinin),'lon " The Northwestern Steamship Company Victoria Marine Railway 
 —Terrible Fate of the " Montserrat." " Keweenaw," " Ivanhoe " and " Kstellc " — Wreck of the " Southern Chief, " 
 " William I,, lleebe, " " Crown of I{n){land," " I<os Angeles" and " Newberii " The Second I.o^ Raft .Steamer 
 "Columbia" Bu.ued - Fatal Boiler Hxplosion on Steamer "yneeii" Wreck of the " R. K. Ham " Victoria 
 Trading ^i^ Pishing Cunipany — Turret Steamer " Progressist "— Alaska Steamship Company — The Wlialebick 
 " City of Ivvcrclt "— I'pper Columbia .Steamer " Nakusp " — The " Norma " BroiiKlit Tlirongh .Snake River Canon 
 —Vigorous Opposition on Ocean Routes Wreck of the Steamer " Velos " ami Tug " Mogul " 
 
 407 
 
 CHAI>TKR XXI. 
 
 The Sealing Industry — The F'irst Hunters — Pioneers of the Business in British Colnnibia — Schooners "Surprise." 
 " Alert," " Kate " and " Favorite " — Alaska Commercial Company — Victoria Fleet for I.S,S| — Large Catches of 
 "Ariel" and "Juanita" — Ainerican Vessels Under the British Flag — F'irsl .Schooner in Bering Sea— .\rrival 
 cf "Pathfinder" F'rom Halifax Beginning of Bering Sea Seizures " W. P. Sayward." " Halcyon." "Thornton," 
 "Onward " and "Caroline "— Schoonet " Active " Founders off Cape Flattery— Schooners " Edward K. Webster," 
 " Mollie Adams" and "Oscar and Hattie "— " Pathfinder," " Black Diamond " and " Minnie" Refuse to .Submit 
 to .Seizure — "Caruiolite," "Ocean Belle" and Other I-'ine Schooners Brought Around From Halifax Racy 
 Adventures of Dan and Alex Mcl<ean in Bering .Sea -The Modus Vivendi -Terrible F'ate of the " Maggie Mar " — 
 Seizure of the " Coipiitlam " and " Shelby " — " Mermaid's" .\ilventure With a Whale — The 1 894 Fleet -Wreck 
 of "Henry Dennis" — "Director" Makes a C.ood Catch in Southern Waters - Loss of "Walter A. Karle" 
 Dangers of the Sealers' L,ife — The United States Refuses to Abide by the Decision of the Paris Tribunal . 
 
 .415 
 
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 Asluria KariiirrH' Wharn'iiinpany '.Ml 
 
 Asliiria TranstMirlallini ('iiuipany :ltl 
 
 Asliirla, llrsi wht'ut MhlpmuulH fruui -nn 
 
 AHtiirluu, sti.anier ,, . .ITvi 
 
 Atahualpa. ship III. II 
 
 I" 
 
 AlHlanla. shiii 
 
 Alillaiita. bark. H-ri.|*k . ........ ...... 
 
 Alluiitlr. bark, wreck 
 
 Atbi". bark 
 
 .Viirklan.l. bark 
 
 Aiiuusta rutri't Hiainil sti-aiiiiT 
 
 .' biirnliiK ... 
 
 .\MKiisla. strain MiiliiNiuur 
 
 .\i)iritsta. slralui-r 
 
 Aiirisilu, Mhl| 
 
 Aiinira. Atiii-rlcan ship, wruok 
 
 AiiNlrla. bark, wrrfk ma 
 
 II II llanisili'il sil r IM 
 
 llabbl.liii'.i'apl .liihli W IM 
 
 llallililili.. I'upl H II Ml 
 
 lliil.v Mini, sti.ainir Wl 
 
 ....haliti.. 11 M H H« 
 
 I . < ...r. Ntriiini.r Ml 
 
 llii.. I'upt .latins in 
 
 lt.it'. .. t 'apt Hi'tirv MV 
 
 llall'y tliit/i.rt. strallliT SN, 4111 
 
 llu 'i.y,<'apl Lisli.r A t\H 
 
 llaki.r, I'upt .1 N .... M 
 
 llaki.-.i'apt Klihanl II «M 
 
 lluk. . I'upt W K. Sn 
 
 lluki r I'apt \Vi 1,'uiirlh K 4IT 
 
 Itala.iia. sti.tii,i .fhiHinur 911 
 
 Hal. ' I'alit .li.lih \V Ml 
 
 Hal.. : I I apt II W H. HO 
 
 III Hunt I'apt W l( IM 
 
 lla!u si'lKNiriiT , Ml 
 
 lliiltiiniiri', s. ti'sini.r M 
 
 llalilinnri.. I'nltisl Htuiim I'niUer «U 
 
 llanili.rllli., strana.r «M 
 
 ll.iraniilt. Ntruliit.r MA 
 
 llurbaru ll.isriiwitx. stfanii.r MH 
 
 lluriMinl Castti., strainship UNI 
 
 .. wrri'k . . ftkl 
 
 llurrlnti bill. < 'apt t.:iltvury| M 
 
 llarrlnctiili.l'apl K M MT 
 
 llurniws. W A iM 
 
 lliita\ la. sti.atnshlp ILVI, HR 
 
 llatbrlillian. I'apl l: II IRII 
 
 llaii^hinan. t'apt K NV , HA 
 
 Hay ('i.ntri-. slranii-r ■ .HW 
 
 111. avrr. AiiH'rlcaii ship W 
 
 llravi-r. lltiilsnn s Hay t'ompuuy NtfumiT..!?, tllH 
 
 «ri.i-k .Wl 
 
 lli.u\i.r. I*tiifi'i HmiMil Nii-umnr JW* 
 
 lliatir. Willainitli. Itlvi.rslt.umir .KIA.Ml 
 
 .. wri.rk ... tnM 
 
 Hirliinlass AuililuiluH". Iwrk, wrei'k ilH 
 
 lliiia. sliainshlp Ul 
 
 .. viri-rk Mil 
 
 ll|.|.. sli'Ullii.r AM 
 
 .. biiriithk' of .. UTS. aCi 
 
 Ikiihir. I'upt lli.rlH.rt P tMI 
 
 Hi..swiix Ship. Ihii t 
 
 Hi.ll.sli.uiiiir Ml 
 
 Ikll. Kn-.l I' m 
 
 Ikll. I'apl. .MIIi'H IJK 
 
 Hi.|la, Mti.aini.r AH 
 
 Hi'llr. sli.aliu'r M 
 
 lli.||i. of I iri.uuli, ship , , , . MS 
 
 lli'llt. Savaili., slilp Ill 
 
 Ifc-Ulib.r.., slilp. wrirk Ml 
 
 Hi.li ll.illu.iay. st..uriH.r lIH 
 
 Hi.n.lnsit.l'alil .1 !• Mil 
 
 Hi'lljuinlli. t'liiil. All AM 
 
 Ik.nsi'll.l'ain II. A All 
 
 Ik. nsi.ii. I'apt ibsirifi. lull 
 
 Hi'libin. sli.aini'r iKIA 
 
 lliruiiiun. I'apl Aih.lph All 
 
 lli.rmiian. t'apl .lutin .11.1 
 
 lli.rnilnifhatii. .luliii M 
 
 lli'rry, M .IM 
 
 Hi.rllia.stiaiMi.r i|W 
 
 lli-rtbii. slrami-r Ml 
 
 Ik.ssir, stiuliiir All 
 
 Ik'HHb., Hli'UUii.r XI7 
 
 Ik.lHv, brliiunllhi. 11 
 
 Ik'yniiu, I'apt. William. tUtt 
 
 Hilt llUir, siliiNiui.r «M 
 
 llisinari'k, strauu.r 4tu 
 
 III/.. Btranirr . . IHW 
 
 lllaikliurn. I'apt Havlil l> 41A 
 
 mark lilaiuonil. sti-ainiT Iiw 
 
 lllai'k IManiiiiiil. s|.|iis>ni.r m. Ul 
 
 " st.l/iin.iif 4M 
 
 lliai.k Kui.-ii., ship nria'k M 
 
 lllaik llawkstia r .14 
 
 IlliU'k Prini-i.. schiHini.r 711 
 
 lllack llrpublU-aii. srhiHluiT IIUI 
 
 Hlalr. rapt. .Saimii.| ., M 
 
 lllaki.|v, sli.anii.r lull 
 
 lllakrlv, srtnsilii.r mi 
 
 lllaiii'liaril, I'apl. 111. an IMI 
 
 lliaiii'ii. slraniiT 41KI 
 
 lllanM.il. llipla'rl H AM 
 
 llliissi.ni, II..M.S 11 
 
 lllui' Ikil, Kisitiiiui Laki' Muumer .UK 
 
 llliii. star, sti.aiui'r .VII 
 
 Hliii. WInK. schiKHii.r. wTLfk ui 
 
 Ikib Irviail, Nli'aiiii.r AM 
 
 .' iHilit'r rxpliisiiin nil ;tM) 
 
''^ 
 
 xii 
 
 INDRX 
 
 IMi.K 
 
 ItoUiDiik. HfhfMiiior ItM 
 
 ■■ wn-rk ','11 
 
 Itok'Ulvrr. UunhIuii HtiMiuiiT I'Jl* 
 
 ll<»li viir. Nti'UinKhlii. '^IH 
 
 IfaillfM. CHiit. Kn-ilcrii'k 1.*^* 
 
 Ifcm Ai'i'iird. MtriiiiiiT .H7T 
 
 ili>iiiiii7.ii. burk. wm-k ... 44* 
 
 Il4>niiri/u, Mrltinh sii'iiiiii>r '£t7 
 
 Moruiii/ti. Wilhtiuftlf Ktvi-r HinitiHT '-iHi 
 
 ■■ wn-ck :»Hi 
 
 Ifciriiiii. si'Ihmhiit MKi 
 
 Horiliu. si.MiiiisIilp :ift 
 
 Itonitii, ('<Mis ifuv ^tfumt-r H4n 
 
 lltiiiiiu. \Vlllumrtu> UiVf THtrnmer .... •J^.-H\ 
 
 Mimsrr. ( 'iipi. .Iiihn II :!ttii 
 
 IkK.ili. »..milH A -HW 
 
 Itimlctnix, hi in. wreck 4S 
 
 llonlfliiiH. Hhfp \'i 
 
 H«in'ullN. Ht'hiKtuiT 4S7 
 
 l*«>rin'o. whip Iff 
 
 lltiHtitii, ship. wrtH'k lit 
 
 lliiKtimian. sliip 77 
 
 iMiltiwi'll Custlc. Ktuumslilp nmi 
 
 llituiil V. ship 13. 4a» 
 
 Ifciwlifiul. srlumui'r. 't*H 
 
 IJii.vil.i'iipt. tit-iirm- W .. tw 
 
 Mruifk'. Krimk llVt 
 
 llninilili'. si'lunmer Jtt* 
 
 llniiit. srhtHmer IN 
 
 '■ wrrrk 114 
 
 Hriiwlcy. I>i»iit<'I 161 
 
 Itnui'c, stcaiiHT '&'i 
 
 HrtHk, J. M Wi 
 
 iln>iii)ii. HiOnxuHT 4*1 
 
 Hrcuitfii. Cupt. ThuiuUM IIH 
 
 MrevvKitT. briw Irt* 
 
 Hrli-k. sicuiiKT ;*«. ;t57 
 
 Mriiu-kcrtmn. II -Hi 
 
 llri!«k, slfiiim-r :».Vl 
 
 llrilish i\i1uiiihiit Nii\ it-'iitioii rn)iipi»i.v. H-J 
 Hriiish CDluinl'lii & Vit'ltirlu Sti'iim Nnvi^'ll- 
 
 ihm I'ompiiuy hh 
 
 Hrlllulu, Ciipi. J. U \Wi 
 
 Hrtmtrs. ImrU 41t.fll,7li. 113. \m 
 
 HnKiks, ('upLJohu \V :»■> 
 
 HnHiUs. giiiiu'y A i\ 
 
 Hrnwii lirnlhers. sliip '-Wi 
 
 Itrowu, <'upt. IlirHm Xi 
 
 Hniwu.Cupt. John W iwi 
 
 Hntwn, ('apt. SluTtiutii L> -Wt 
 
 Mn>\vii. W. K ;vl.^ 
 
 llnnviiiT. rupi. (ii'nrt'f H Il*<' 
 
 Mrowiitii'Ul. rapl.r. I) Iitl 
 
 ItruiliiT .lonathati. stt-anisliip. wri>L>k IMI 
 
 MniihtTH. tiurk ii 
 
 HrUIH'Ul'. NtfUIlHT VtW 
 
 Mniius. Amcriciin lirlK I- 
 
 Mryau. Williiini.! m 
 
 Hryanl.rupi W J '£** 
 
 Hurliaimri. ('apt. I). K IHI 
 
 Hiu-hanaii. Capi. \V..I lim 
 
 Huchanan. Tapi. W. S liW 
 
 Itiicholt/. Capl. Dllo 44H 
 
 Itiu-litfl. Josfpli .'t7 
 
 Miii'Ui'Vt'. stcaiiUT ;i7r» 
 
 '■ wn-ck ... 4'-M 
 
 Hufklin. ('apt. K. F AW 
 
 llucknaiii. ('apt. ItaiiKfont l>. 4'.fl 
 
 HacUDani. Clint. S. W AW 
 
 fJiiU'er. Mart in ;at 
 
 Hull. ('apt. .Inhn A 1*7 
 
 Hull.-n.'. (i.-nrt'r W I-AI 
 
 Hulwark. bark, wn-ck ;*ti 
 
 nvmkalaiinii. sch»K)ucr 1*17 
 
 lliin'au Charli's C4ii 
 
 Huriri-y. ('apt. Joseph -JWI 
 
 Hurdliain. bark 4M. M 
 
 Murus. ('apt. A. M 131 
 
 hiirr. Capi. II. H :tiH 
 
 Hiislmell. ('apt. Williaiii K Ki 
 
 HutchtT \Un'. slcanuT XU 
 
 Hnib-r. ("apt. C. H IW 
 
 HutliT. ('apt. ,ln»iu L tW, aia 
 
 H.illiT. ("apt. James K :MI 
 
 huilrr. Capl. Tbomas IIM 
 
 Muttrrwnrlh. slilp » 
 
 lliiitnii. WlUiain L ■>: 
 
 Hvers, Capt. William U 41H 
 
 Hv/.uuilum. lirlt: t»i-' 
 
 " wn-ck \w 
 
 . iSl 
 
 . . . IKI, 111? 
 .Ul. IW. [KM 
 
 l-JI. ItUi, hm 
 
 cl< steami-r^ 
 
 C. C. CalkliiN. steamer 
 
 (,'. C Kiiuk. luirkeiititie, 
 
 ('. (;, I*t-rkins. s(-liiMiaer. si-l/un 
 C. <i. White. si-h<Hiui'r. wreck . 
 
 C. H. Merclianl, scUtMiucr 
 
 ('. J. Mreuliam. tut: 
 
 (,'. L. Taylitr. barkt-ntiiie 
 
 " wreck — 
 
 C. n. Mishnp. steamer 
 
 ('. S. Mulnies. si'hiMdier 
 
 C. T. HiM.k. steamship 
 
 C. W. Iticli. steamer 
 
 C. W WeiTiHire. whah-t 
 
 '- wreck 
 
 Cabinri. sti-Timer 
 
 Call.. I. Writ; 
 
 '•ahrlUo.Jiiaii 11.. 
 
 Catllhin), HchiMJtier 
 
 Calrusmore. hark, wreck 
 
 Calumei. selnM)uer . 
 
 " wn-ck 
 
 Cai»iM)!iia. sclnHiiier 
 
 Cah-tluniu, Iliiilsiirrs Hay Cnmpany steamer 
 
 4'ah-ilMlihL steamer, holb'r exphisluii uil 
 
 Callumii. ('apt. Hufiis 
 
 Caiiforiiiu, schiKtm-r .... .. 
 
 Caliroriiia, pntpeUer steamship 
 
 California, side vvhi-el steaiiishit) 
 
 ('alirnriiia Steam Na\ t^'ut inn Compaiiy 
 
 :v*7. 
 m, I Ml, 
 
 :n:t 
 ;«ti 
 nil 
 
 4J>tf 
 Hw 
 •,M.i 
 
 IKK 
 MI4 
 •,»7H 
 41 Kl 
 
 :«Hi 
 
 41 Ht 
 
 IT 
 
 l.-t 
 311 
 tU 
 
 im 
 a 
 
 :ftu 
 
 K<,l 
 
 l5:f 
 
 4H 
 1511 
 
 r.siH 
 
 (^illahr.i). Capl. ThomaH . 
 
 Callinpt-. steam4-r 
 
 CambrliliTf. hark . . .... 
 
 " ■ n-ck 
 
 Can. ■' '.. bark 
 
 Caimlle CaM-ar. shin, wreck iiH 
 
 Campbi'll. Capt. A. .1. N ."Iim 
 
 Campbell, ('apt. Cliriou M\ 
 
 Cuiliph*"!!. (ienryt^ VV •.*(-• 
 
 Campbt-ll. Unrace .W 
 
 Campbell. Capl. J. K -JKX 
 
 Campbell. Jiihn Miti 
 
 Canatliaa I'acitlc Navt^aliuii Compauy Uti 
 
 Cancmah. steamer m.m 
 
 Cauu.Capl. A. K 4irj 
 
 Cauniius, Kteamship :**> 
 
 ('apifauii, steamer ."tt'l 
 
 Capital, Hleainer " '.JTh 
 
 Capiaiu C<H)k, snow 3 
 
 Carlb. bark 'its 
 
 CarihiHMUi. slilp TO 
 
 CarilMMtaiul KIv. steami-r OH. I4H. Htl 
 
 - Ik)ilerexplitsit)n on W 
 
 Carmarthan ( asilc. ship, wreck 3«» 
 
 Carniolite. st-luioner 4:ii 
 
 " seizure 441 
 
 Careliue, steamship 31 
 
 Carnliiu\ steatuer WW 
 
 Can)lim'. scli«M)nt-r 78. PJi(. -jiW 
 
 " seizure 4'.*h 
 
 Cantlliie. ship Ill 
 
 Canillne Metteaii. scliiMiucr. wn>ck. iAt\ 
 
 Carulim- Keatl. bark I'Vi 
 
 Carhilla. bark HVt 
 
 Carlolta (J. C(».\. sclinoiuT 11". HI 
 
 Carlton. (ieorKe A :•'! 
 
 Canmdelel. ship -Mk :w 
 
 Carrh-, steamer UK' 
 
 Carrie H. hake schmmer 311 
 
 -' wrei-U Ji'M 
 
 Ciirrie iMivis. sieaim-r nm 
 
 Carrie F., steamer 4(il 
 
 Carrie I.aild, sieaim>r T.'v <» 
 
 Carrie Niirtoii. sieamtT 'JtHi 
 
 Carrier Itove. schonner 3ni 
 
 <!arn»ll.CapI James I.")!!. |s7 
 
 Carson. Charles i'tn 
 
 Carsiens. Harry 'Mf 
 
 Carter. Capt. Hi-urv '-iX^ 
 
 Carvsforl. II. M. S ',M 
 
 i,'ascaih's. steamer PW. I3r. 
 
 Cascailes. steamer .^^i 
 
 Cascailes of the Cohimbia. t'. S. steamer . .. -,>li| 
 
 Cascatles Canal A hocks Company 'Jl.'i 
 
 Ciiscaililla. steamer l'»; 
 
 Casco. schoiiner 13k 
 
 Cassandra Ailams, bark '.'(5 
 
 " wreck ... ."fill 
 
 (.'assiiir. steamer . 
 
 -'.IT 
 II 
 
 nil 
 
 , .. IHK 
 
 , Dbl 
 
 iKS 
 
 n; 
 
 |o| 
 Ml 
 
 11 
 
 ■irj 
 17(1 
 
 Cassie May ward, schoituer 
 
 Catherina. ship 
 
 Catheiine Smhh-n. barkeniine 
 
 Caut:hf|l. Capt. .lami-s 
 
 Cavendish. Sir Thomas . 
 
 Caviii. capt. (iciirwe W 
 
 ("ecil. sclnMiuer 
 
 ('eliltt. steamer 
 
 Ceri-s, steamer 
 
 Chaiiipioti. Willamette Hlvi-r sieaim' 
 Champion. Seaton Lake steamer .. 
 
 Cliampion. schiMiuer. wreck 
 
 Champion. scluMtuer 
 
 " wrei-k 
 
 Charles Ih-veliM. bark 4' 
 
 -' wreck 
 
 Charles K. Tlltoii. bark 
 
 Charleston. V. S. cnilser , 
 
 Charlotte, schooner, wreck 
 
 Charlotte, ship 
 
 Chanin. ship 
 
 Charter rates, IHf,' 
 
 Charvbidis. H. M.S 
 
 Chasca. bark 
 
 Chatham. II. M. H 
 
 Chat terlon. Capt. James T :1ih 
 
 Cheermi. ship ■.! 
 
 ('hehalis. sti-amer — ITii 
 
 Ctu-halis. steamer ... Ull 
 
 " wreck 3i^J 
 
 Chehalis. barkeutine tWi. loi 
 
 Chelan, steamer •.*T1 
 
 Chenamus. brlti ',M 
 
 Chester. Capt. Martin F ItVi 
 
 Chilkat. steamer 4iil 
 
 Chippewa, steamer A'.'t 
 
 ChiniMik. steana-r ;^t>T 
 
 Chin-kolT. llusslau brlK 1".' 
 
 Chlsholm.J.J ;iKH 
 
 Christiansen, Capt. Jaiues ITu 
 
 Christopher Mitchell, bark UBi. hWi 
 
 '■ wn-cU v^»l 
 
 CircMis. schooner HH 
 
 Ci!V or Abenleeii. steamer ■■• ■'*«" 
 
 Citv of Astoria, steamer ;»W 
 
 CitV of Hot h well, steamer 41 ( 
 
 City of Carlisle, ship :U\ 
 
 CitV of Chesler. steamship Hi 
 
 '< wreck :m 
 
 CItvof Dublin, sliip. wHM-k .... '.in 
 
 City of Kllenshurir. steanii-r :tri» 
 
 City of Kven-it. wlialeback steamer Vi\ 
 
 Cityof FraiiUfori. steamer -.iHi 
 
 Citv of Kimrston. steaim-r — .'tTl 
 
 Cilyof Lalona. st.-anier 3T.'> 
 
 Cliy of .N'apa. s(-hooner 3|.'( 
 
 Citvof I'ainima. steamship ",'13 
 
 Citv of PeUInt/. steamship 3TH 
 
 Citvof Puebla. steamship .'tt\K 
 
 Citv of giiinev. steamer 'JTiil. •,'St.j 
 
 Citvof llenton. steamer 4U 
 
 Citvof Itlode Janeiro, sieamslilp. 3Tk 
 
 l*A<iK 
 
 C'lly of Hnlem. wtt'ttmnr Ati 
 
 City of San IMejrn, scIumiiht 4'i7 
 
 Cilyof SeatMe. steamer :ft7 
 
 City of .Seattle, steamer 374 
 
 Citv of SellwoiHl. steamer MW 
 
 Cityof stanw»MKl, steamer .'ftW 
 
 -' burned 4'Jli 
 
 City of Top«'l*"- sieamsliip ;it\H 
 
 Clancey. ("apt, Charles K IT'J 
 
 Clan .McDonald, sit-amer :4hii 
 
 Clara, steamer IW 
 
 Clara HeUe. hark I4li 
 
 Clara llniwn. steamer XVJ 
 
 Clara Li^fht, schiMUier 1711, "JIM 
 
 Clara Darker, sti'amer 'JKd 
 
 Clara It. Sulil. bark, wn-ck *Rt 
 
 Clara Voun^:, steamer 353 
 
 Clarion. hr\ti \i 
 
 Clark. Capt, William » l.'fti 
 
 Clalsop cliief. steamer "il'l 
 
 -* wn-ck AN! 
 
 Clements. Capt. Ktlwanl 374 
 
 Cleopatra, bark, burning of Kfi 
 
 Cleveland, sii-amer 'Jrtli 
 
 Clout'h.Capl. William M U»7 
 
 Ct>ast seallmr calch, mfi 44l» 
 
 Coates, Harrv AM 
 
 Coe. Capl. K. F nil 
 
 Cue. H. C l'J4 
 
 Coe. L W 51 
 
 Cii-ur d'AU-iu', steamer :W5 
 
 Cnur d'Ali-ue TraiisiMirtaliou Company ;«?l> 
 
 CiiUln. Capt. K. H --rTd 
 
 Cotrhlan, Arthui Jaspar '.^4 
 
 Cidhy. steatm'r Itti 
 
 Ciddsiream. scbiHau-r i;<» 
 
 Cole, Capt. Fn-derick 441 
 
 ( 'olfax. St earner 14ii, Iftll 
 
 Collier. William 11 'i7'! 
 
 Colliiik'swiKHl. II.M S ;,»l 
 
 Collver.J.W 3ltt 
 
 Ciiiunel KIh-v. schiH.ner M 
 
 Cok'nel MimkIv. steamer Kl 
 
 Colonel Wrii-'iit. steamer 75. Hb, 107 
 
 Colorado. barU 403 
 
 Colsiui. Capt. Samuel -.Mli 
 
 Columbia, bark 14. hi 
 
 Cnlumbia, brii-' I'J 
 
 > olundiia. schooner :W 
 
 Cobiinbia. si-hooner 311 
 
 Coliinibia, schooin-r 4iM 
 
 Cohnnbia. ship 5. 7. K 
 
 Columbia, lirst ri\er steamer '.JK. :fii 
 
 Cobinibia. steamer v*74 
 
 Columbia, steanu-r 3HK 
 
 ■• burned 4*J0 
 
 Ctiliimi>ia, steamship ;tri 
 
 Cohnnbia. steamship *.!T4 
 
 Cobimliia, lu^' llHl 
 
 ('(diinibia. tu^' ;.M1 
 
 Coliiinhia it KiMitenai Steaui NavlKatiun 
 
 Company ,'i7H 
 
 Columbia Kiver ^.'raiu tied, IM73 -Jio 
 
 ■- 1h:4 Wi 
 
 •' IKKlt 3tiu 
 
 -- IKSIO :(K| 
 
 ■olumhia Hiver Jettv :«l 
 
 ■olumhta Itiver hiyhtshlp Xo. ."iO 401 
 
 "olumhia Ili\er Transportation Company .. 'iiit 
 'olumhia Itiver A Dut:et Sound Na\ it-'ation 
 
 Conipaiiy Itxi 
 
 "olumbia Traiisimrtaiiou Company. IWW .. Il-J 
 ■olumhia Transportation Cninpany. iwu .. !•,'( 
 'olumbia TransiHirtaliou Company. isTl — litT 
 'olumhia Tratisimrlalion Company. IKKI ... •,»h4 
 'olumhia Transportation Company. Ikkt. . . 3ltt 
 'olumbia A Willamette Mar^'e Company . -.Ml 
 
 'olumbine. rnited Slates steanuT 41ii 
 
 'oluinbus, ruited Slates line-ship -i] 
 
 'olusa, American ship ■,'■.•0 
 
 'omet.schiHaier ;ttK 
 
 'omei. sieamer lii-J 
 
 'omt-t. steamer .ion 
 
 'onitiiodore. American ship, wri-ck -JTW* 
 
 'omiiHKhu'i-. brit,' \M 
 
 'onimtKlon-, schiHUier, wreck Ikk 
 
 'omiU'Hlore. steamshiii M 
 
 'ommiHloii* Derry. steana-r 14T 
 
 'ouiox. steamer 3lil 
 
 'omshu-li's Dispatch Line 17H 
 
 'om-epcioti. Spanish britr ... 7 
 
 \>iiKn-ss. I'nilcd Stales frigate 'Jl 
 
 'onmnn:lit. bark, wreck 31 1 
 
 "orinor. ("apt. U. C 3Til 
 
 'onsort, brk'. wn-ck H7 
 
 'on stance. 11, M r^i^'ate 'i-4 
 
 'oMsianc'. steamer 377 
 
 Vuisiantine, steamship 141). IM, I7.i. hl7, -«tIK 
 
 'oust it at ion, barkeniine H»k 
 
 'onstltution. steamer (U 
 
 'itntinenial. steamship l5o 
 
 " wn-cU IMii 
 
 "luivoy. schooner 13 
 
 •.K)k, K. N lltH 
 
 'iMik, ('aid. James 3 
 
 '.MtUsou. Frank dtt*,! 
 
 'oos, st:-anier 31H 
 
 'oos Ihiy, steamer 3iW 
 
 •oos Mav A c»H|ulllu TrausiMirtultuu Com- 
 pany 'JIH 
 
 '(MIS Itlver. steami-r .'Wi 
 
 'opp. Capt. W, 11 440 
 
 "oiiuille. steamer 1117 
 
 'o(|utmho. ship Ift5 
 
 'iMIuitlam, steamer HH 
 
 " seizun- 140 
 
 'ora, .Alaska sieamer .'ftni 
 
 Vira. sclnMiner nwi 
 
 'ora. sieamer 'AK 
 
 'i>nlelia. luK. wreck , -HVi 
 
 orUes. Capt. HA' 'HSV 
 
INUKX 
 
 xiii 
 
 I'AdK 
 
 ass 
 
 4i! 
 
 :«- 
 
 :m 
 
 aw 
 
 aw 
 
 4a) 
 
 mw 
 
 i:-.' 
 
 , SHll 
 
 ll« 
 
 IW 
 
 .tn 
 
 1711, villi 
 
 v'Hrt 
 
 *Sl 
 
 3.Vt 
 
 Vi 
 
 lai 
 
 at) 
 
 am 
 
 ;)TJ 
 
 iin 
 
 anil 
 
 1117 
 
 J41I 
 
 Sftl 
 
 nil 
 
 14) 
 
 51 
 
 »!h 
 
 my a:ii 
 
 -ai 
 
 W4 
 
 »« 
 
 lai 
 
 441 
 
 I4<l, l»l 
 
 '.'.'.'.'-'.'.'. 'ai 
 
 318 
 
 M 
 
 HI 
 
 .. 75. HI, 1117 
 
 4113 
 
 Ii41l 
 
 14, 11) 
 
 I-J 
 
 ;« 
 
 311 
 
 «U 
 
 5, 7. H 
 
 an. ai 
 
 a74 
 
 .SKH 
 
 4ai 
 
 :a 
 
 374 
 
 uni 
 
 a4i 
 
 iltittiiin 
 
 :f7H 
 
 -.'111 
 
 «iii 
 
 aw 
 
 ;«i 
 
 .-til 
 
 . . iiii 
 
 pauy .. -.'I.'t 
 iriitiiiii 
 
 .tsl 
 
 1».' .. 11-.' 
 IWI ... I'JI 
 l«?l.... 1117 
 
 iKni ... aM 
 
 IW7... ;tl« 
 
 'nipiiii.v . an 
 
 411) 
 
 -.'1 
 
 ■-•■Jl) 
 
 xm 
 
 Ilia 
 
 am 
 
 ass 
 
 iiin 
 
 itin 
 
 m 
 
 147 
 
 ail 
 
 17» 
 
 .'."..'.'.'. ai 
 
 311 
 
 3711 
 
 117 
 
 ILI 
 151) 
 ll«l 
 
 13 
 
 IIIN 
 
 3 
 
 ■»i 
 
 am 
 
 aiw 
 
 , .■IKl) 
 , 441) 
 
 11)7 
 , lH'i 
 
 ilK 
 
 III) 
 :«m 
 
 IIUI 
 
 . ai)7 
 
 aiw 
 
 . aw) 
 
 ConllniT. Cunt. Pclir C 
 
 Cormorunt. II.M.S 
 
 (.'orui'lla Ti'rr.v, Hi*ho<mt'r 
 
 " wri'ck 
 
 Coriu'ltiis. slmip. wrt'i'U 
 
 I'liriiwull. I'lipt. N. .1 
 
 1'onin.i. si'lKKHicr 
 
 ronttiii. sli-iilnshl|) 
 
 I 'iirHUMi. liiirU. wrri'k 
 
 Ciirtrn'ul. iias|iiir 
 
 (VtrU'z. Kli'iinishlp 
 
 Cnrviillls. t'niiiil suites slcumor 
 
 l\)»)triive. I'lipl. .Inliii 
 
 <'nslllO|X>lls. striiinsliip 
 
 t'nsptT. l-'riHl II 
 
 (Visla KU'li. sti'uniHhip 
 
 Cnlich. riipl. •lollll 11 
 
 l'uiiiil.V "f .Mcriitnt'th. Hrltlsh slifp 
 
 Cnupf. t'lipt. detiivt' M 
 
 ( 'inipi', ( 'iipt . TlHimus 
 
 (•(tm-scr. si*l»Hit>'.'r 
 
 I 'tmrsiT. slfiitinT 
 
 Cow 111/, luirk. wTi'i'k 
 
 CnHlit/. HiiiInoii's Itiiv Ctitiiimn.v Imrk . 
 CnwUl/. UIvitChudi- ^v I'ali'uu Liiu' ... 
 Ci)wlil>; SltMim Xti\i).'ulU>liCi>mputi.v . 
 
 Cnwllt/. stplillHT 
 
 Cox, Alunzii 
 
 Cox. Ciipt. Cliirciu'o M 
 
 Cox. Kilwill 
 
 Cox. Ciipl. .1. (i 
 
 Cox. Cnpl. WiUiatii .. 
 
 Co.volf. NlrulniT 
 
 Crall^'. Capt. Tlnini'is U 
 
 Cri'st of Un' Wavf. snip 
 
 Crifki'l. sU'iuniT 
 
 Ci'lni. ( 'apt. Pi'lt'r H 
 
 Crimea, Itrlir 
 
 Cn>sl»,v. Capt. .Mfreii 
 
 Crosliv. Capt. Clanrii'k. 
 lI.. 
 
 I'AliK 
 
 . 3Ha 
 
 . .. lai 
 
 .. 413 
 
 . .. as3 
 
 . . 3111 
 
 ... :«7 
 
 . .. an 
 
 ... I 
 
 ... fli) 
 
 . . ax 
 
 ... Ill) 
 
 . .. :«ii 
 
 3111 
 
 . ;v"ia 
 
 . . . Ill 
 
 . . -MM 
 
 ... IHh 
 
 ... 41) 
 
 . .. ai5 
 
 . 413 
 
 . .. Ill 
 
 . . . 45 
 
 . . I.MI 
 lUI. 75 
 
 . . 71 
 
 . . 4:t5 
 
 . . .'in 
 
 . .. 4;n 
 
 . . . 445 
 
 ... aiH 
 
 . 31K 
 
 HI) 
 
 ... mx 
 .... a.V) 
 lai. iim 
 
 Crown of Kn^'laial. steaniship, wrerk . 
 
 Crnisor. lui: 
 
 Culm. stcuiniT — 
 
 Cullonia. liark 
 
 Cnnilux. s'falncr 
 
 c>innUn.'liam. Peter 
 
 Cnlil:itli.'lialn. I{, (1 
 
 Cnraeoa. lirit.'... 
 
 Cnrr.v. Uoberl 
 
 Cnrlis. (.'apt. Kbeu 
 
 Ciileli. steamer 
 
 Cutler. Capt. Melville 
 
 C.vanc. I'. S. slimp 
 
 Cyelone. ship 
 
 Cyelone. sti'illner 
 
 Cyelops. Itrit: 
 
 C.\ llosiil-e. srliooner 
 
 C.Vrelle. steamer 
 
 Cyrils, liril.' 
 
 " wri'ek 
 
 Cyrus Walker, steamer 
 
 .. Ill) 
 . . :i-n 
 .. ;«a 
 
 .. 4« 
 . . .'Ml 
 
 ,. aM 
 .. ;f77 
 .. mi 
 
 . .T.'l 
 
 :i7)i 
 
 ai 
 iia 
 
 III 
 ..■m. I" 
 
 1). h. Clineli. sehiMiner 
 
 ■• wreeU 
 
 I). .M. Hall, hark 
 
 1). S. Maker, steamer 
 
 Dahel. Capt. Itleliani 
 
 DaeilalMs. ship 
 
 Daisy. si'lHmlier 
 
 Daisy .\iiisworth. steamer. 
 • ■ wreeU 
 
 liul 
 
 171) 
 
 . toll 
 
 .■tll.-i 
 
 Daisy, Uritisti steamer 
 
 Daisy. I'UL'el SouihI sleamer a 
 
 Dais\ . WiUametle Uiver steamer 
 
 Dalcota. seliooner 
 
 DaUola. slilp 
 
 DaUoia. steamship a 
 
 Dalles, steamer 
 
 Dalles Ciiy. steamer 
 
 Dalles. Purl liinil .Ni .\slorlu NaviKnIlon Cm 
 
 paiiy 
 
 Dalles Sehooner Naviiration Coinpanv. . .. 
 
 Daniel, hriw 
 
 Daniel WelislcT. sleamer 
 
 Daniel Wehsler. liark. VMeek 
 
 Danilhe. steamship 3 
 
 llapline. II. .\l S 
 
 Dare, sel ler. wreek 
 
 Darllm-'. Henry 
 
 Dart, seliouni'r. wreek 
 
 I la\ ill lloail l.'y . Iiurk I 
 
 1711 
 
 aim 
 a4ii 
 
 ■.ViH 
 
 . aii.i 
 .■ai 
 :cai 
 
 . 1117 
 .■1S7 
 
 .•1S7 
 i:»i 
 
 eli 
 
 Davlilson. .lohn 
 
 I)a\ is, Capt. D. T 
 
 Dalis. Capl. Davlil 
 
 ila\is. Capl. Uoluml K 
 
 Dalis, Uohert 
 
 Dawn, steamer 
 
 '■ wreek 
 
 Dayton, steamer 
 
 Deahks, schnouer 
 
 Uelmey, Capt. tlernrd 
 
 IX'eatur. U. S. sloop-of-wur 
 
 De Haro. steamer 
 
 Uv HulT. Polor 
 
 Dtiaware, liark 
 
 " wreck 
 
 Delaware, steft.ner 
 
 IX^ I.aunav, David I 
 
 De Lion. Capt. R. \V 
 
 Delnariluo. Capl. James 
 
 Delharrle. nrillsh liark, wreck.. 
 Del Norte, h ■ msltip 
 
 '» wreck 
 
 Delta, steamer 
 
 Denny, Hamtinl J 
 
 Derby, ship 
 
 DeHilemona, hark 
 
 " wreck - 
 
 :i;iK 
 ,T>7 
 
 iivi 
 
 4113 
 
 a«7 
 «, 111 
 
 3W 
 
 ia4 
 
 115 
 171) 
 
 , :hi 
 177 
 
 . 4113 
 
 aw 
 
 1.37 
 
 1711 
 
 X<7 
 
 . ll« 
 
 . II 
 
 . 37 
 
 . tia 
 
 rAiiK 
 
 Des Moines, steamer ,W 
 
 Di spa tell, upper Columbia HIver sleamer. .. ,'Wi 
 
 III ~i'ateli. Pui-'et Soiinil steamer at3 
 
 Hi -.paleli. Pii^'et SountI sleamer -'Iftl 
 
 I ii-spaleli. sleamer. burneii :1S3 
 
 ls-ln»ll. Iiriu'. wn-ek W 
 
 Detnilt. sleamer 3ft4 
 
 ili'ltmers. Capt.tJiiirire JiVl 
 
 Devonshire, steamship .■*lll 
 
 Dewa (liimrailliar. liark. wreck at; 
 
 Dew Dnip. steamer asrt 
 
 IV Wolf. Capt. «.. I lal 
 
 De Wolf. Capt. \V. H . . aKl 
 
 Dlamonil, bark ai 
 
 Diana. Ameriean lirli; 14 
 
 Diana, bark, wreek. ."Wl 
 
 Diana, steamer Mil. nil 
 
 " w reek ".'aa 
 
 DlenlorlT, Capt. William 187,11)11 
 
 l)llUin,Capt. W. P Htl 
 
 Direetiir, sehooner Kin 
 
 Discovery, ship 3 
 
 Discovery, sehiHiner lail 
 
 Dlscoyery, tiiiz 'W 
 
 DIseoverv, H. M, S 7 
 
 DIspaleh, ship U 
 
 DIspaleli Ilwaeo sleamer 3W) 
 
 Dispalcll, sli-amer 3IK 
 
 Dispatch, steamer ;f^l 
 
 Dispatch, steamer, liurneil I'Ji 
 
 Dispatch, steamer, burnisl ,'173 
 
 Dispatch, steamer, wreck ;ls3 
 
 Dixie Thompson, steamer IIM 
 
 Dixiin,Capl. lleorife 3 
 
 Dixoii, Capl. John 317 
 
 Dolibins. Capl. D. W.. ,'l."i« 
 
 Doctor, steamer 37,'> 
 
 DiHlk-e, Prank T 117 
 
 DtHlKe. Capt. Preeman lti\ 
 
 Doll!. Capl. Thomas isil 
 
 Dolholte. Capt. .lohn HS 
 
 Dolly, sehoimer 11 
 
 Dolly, steamer aim 
 
 Dolphin, sleamer .'l,ai.;t'tl 
 
 Dolphin, steatlHT 4a7 
 
 Domiitilla, schooner Ita 
 
 Lhinalil, tiiif Irta, aSJl 
 
 Doncaster. IMram — 1S5 
 
 Donna Maria, briir. wreek . 51 
 
 Dora Ulnhm. schiHiner . 310 
 
 Dorrily. A aia 
 
 Dollnlas Dearborn, sehisiner. wreek :ls| 
 
 Doiif-'las, Capt. .lames H lis 
 
 Doin.'Ias ^1^ Mlloel Steam Na\iLMIioii Com 
 
 pany laii 
 
 IKillclass. Ciipl, Abel 441 
 
 Doinrla-s. Capt. S. S i;)« 
 
 Dove, lirillsh ship D 
 
 Doyle. JamesA IS7 
 
 Uiyle. sell. poner. wreek 144 
 
 Dralie. Sir Francis a 
 
 Dreailnamrht. schooner IW 
 
 Dreiinon. .lames 3ai 
 
 Drlseoll.,!. !■; a7.'. 
 
 Drlseoll. .lames lim 
 
 Drisko. Capl. .). P a5l 
 
 llrya.l. brli; 14 
 
 Dryilen. Capt. C. P IM 
 
 DryiloeU. tjtiartermaster Harbor ..4n3 
 
 llubliii. ship lim 
 
 lliiete'ss of .\ri.'yie. bark, wreck Ifill 
 
 Diirli Huiiler. steamer a75 
 
 DiiMliam. Capl. H. W £0 
 
 Dunham. Capl. Koberl , I a."!.'! 
 
 Dimsmiiir. steamer. 311 
 
 .tis 
 4111 
 .•Rm 
 
 II HI 
 
 mil 
 .cm 
 .to 
 
 I-;. II. Marvin, schooner, selzeil CT'. 
 
 K. D. Milker, sleamer ii.'i 
 
 K it. Suiilh. sleamer 
 
 K \i \V,«..I sehcner 
 
 I-;. I. D\i \rr. sh-anier 
 
 K. .M Hill. sleamer 
 
 " burne.l 
 
 K. N CooU. steamer 
 
 i;. T llaleh. sleamer 
 
 \\. \V. I'nnlv. steamer 
 
 • liuine.l Ill 
 
 Ka stern I lreL.'on, steainship 3l.i. ;t7'.i 
 
 i:ast))ori. sieamship -.mi 
 
 ■■ wreek -.-.'.I 
 
 l-;aL.'le. Iiriif Ill 
 
 Katie, ship 13 
 
 l-^ak'le. steamer .'Is. i:Kl 
 
 h;ai-'le. steamer ;175 
 
 Karle. tin,' :i;7 
 
 Kberle. Ailam \V ail7 
 
 Meho. steamer . i;C( nil 
 
 l''.elio. sleamer toil 
 
 l-;elipse. sehiMiuer . .M. 7h 
 
 Ki'lipse. schiKiner 115 
 
 Kelipse. ship || 
 
 Kclipse. steamer .'DW 
 
 Keononiy. sti-anier .'tm 
 
 KiU'ar. steamer 4irJ 
 
 Kilt-'ar. Shoahvater May steamer .IHil 
 
 i')ilison. steamer Sri7 
 
 Killth. sleamer asa 
 
 Killlh. steamer 3aa 
 
 KiUtll. steamer ,tl7 
 
 Killlh P,.. steamer 3.'17. .'17.i 
 
 Killlh I Iraee. steamer a7s 
 
 Eillth Lorlie. bark a*Vl 
 
 " wreck a'.m 
 
 Ediili It., steamer ai7 
 
 FMllli Rose, ship 1113 
 
 F^tlua, steamer aii7 
 
 Kiliia. steamer ;4tVi 
 
 Kilwiihl K. Webster, schooner 13a 
 
 Ktlvvaril .lames, bark I'M. a7a 
 
 Kii wards. Capt. t'harles K. ata 
 
 Kilwards. Capt. William K. , 
 
 Kilwiu, bark, wreck 
 
 Kifillite. steamer 
 
 P.htorailo. ship 
 
 ■ • wn'ck 
 
 Kleclrlc. steamer 
 
 Klllll. steamer 
 
 Kliila. sehiiouer.. 
 
 ^:llllse. steamer 
 
 Kli/.a. schiHUier. wreck 
 
 Kll/.a. steamer 
 
 Kli/.a .Viiilerson. sleamer.. .. 
 
 Kli/a l.aild. steamer 
 
 Kli/abeth. selnKine, 
 
 KlizalH'th Allen, ba.'k 
 
 Kli/.abeth Irvinn. steamer 
 
 " burned 
 
 Kllzabeth Kimball. shi|i 
 
 Klk. Willamette Itlyer steamer 
 
 • ' iMiiler explosion 
 
 Klk. sleamer 
 
 Ktla Florence, schismer 
 
 Klla Francis. Imrk. wn'Ck 
 
 Kl la .lohnson. selnsmer 
 
 Ki la S. Thayer, hark, wreck 
 
 Klleli. sehiMUier. H reck 
 
 Kllen Poster, ship, wreck 
 
 Klleii H. W.HHl. llri^• 
 
 Kllen .1. .MeKinnoli. schiMiner . . 
 Kllen .Maria. schiHiner. wreck... 
 
 Kllloll. W. A.. 
 
 Kills, steamer 
 
 ■' biiriied 
 
 Kills. Capl. W- II 
 
 Kllsworlh..loliu C 
 
 Klma. steamer 
 
 I'Mina. steamer 
 
 I'AIIK 
 
 IfW 
 
 . .. "tti 
 
 SHH 
 
 IIM 
 
 .•Mil 
 
 S!M 
 
 aui 
 
 1«7 
 
 S<! 
 
 •«! 
 
 .•M4 
 
 II. ra. -An. ai7, .'wa 
 
 -SIX 
 
 711 
 
 ... ;» 
 
 .. an* 
 
 . . •>? 
 
 mv '.IK 
 
 B4 
 
 . . lift 
 las. 11)7 
 
 IIM 
 
 ... IM 
 
 414 
 
 .1411 
 
 INK 
 
 169 
 
 «l 
 
 IMl 
 
 IKl 
 
 IM 
 
 3U» 
 
 413 
 
 aw 
 
 aw 
 
 . ... unii 
 
 356 
 
 Klmore. steamer ia3 
 
 F.lnora. seluHine 
 
 Klnorah. selnsmer 
 
 Klvina, sleamer 
 
 KlwiMtd. steamer 
 
 Kmbleton. Mritish bark 
 
 P.meraltl. bark, burned 
 
 Kmiiy. sleamer. wreck 
 
 Kmily Piirnum. ship. \- reck 
 
 Kmlly Harris, sleamer 
 
 " isiiier explosion 
 
 F.mitV .Minor, bark 
 
 Kmily Packard. sehiMiner. wreck 
 
 Kmily Parker. seliiNiner 
 
 Kiiill.y Presion. briir 
 
 I'hnlly Stevens, sclnsmer 
 
 ■' wreek 
 
 Kniken. Capl HA 
 
 Kmmii. 
 
 114 
 
 IDK 
 
 . -JDa 
 :iKH 
 :m 
 :t78 
 4ia 
 •mt 
 
 UN 
 IIM 
 HI 
 711 
 53 
 !t7 
 
 ara 
 
 . ami 
 
 14" 
 175 
 
 Kniniii .\iii.'iisia. barkentine Itlrt 
 
 Ktuiiia May wanl. steamer 11)5. 'ai)5 
 
 Kmma Hume, steamer .'In). :tai) 
 
 Kmma t'tler. sehooner. a37 
 
 Kmmelt Felilz. seliooner 31)3 
 
 Knipress of China, steamship ... mi 
 
 Kmpress of India, steamship XHi 
 
 Knipress ul .lapaii. steamship . 31111 
 
 Kmpire. sehoiiner, w 
 Kinpire. stramship 
 
 Kimland. ship 
 
 I'liiu'ina, steamer, . 
 Knterprise, ship 
 Knterprisi 
 Kliterprisi 
 Knterpris. 
 ■ • wreei, 
 l',nn-i-pris. 
 
 I-: rprisi 
 
 Kiiierpr 
 
 eU 
 
 elleoner 
 
 sehooner 
 
 llritish sidewheel steamer . 
 
 steamer . . 
 
 .Cohi'iibia liiv 
 e, Fraser lii\.r ■ 
 e, Pin.'et Sound steamer . 
 l-'.tilerprise. ShawniL'an Lake sleamer . 
 
 Knterprise. I'n.piiua Wi\er sleamer 
 
 •, wreek 
 
 Knterprise. Willamette Ri\ersieatner 
 I'^nlerprise, Wiilanieii., lii' 
 
 l-;nler|irise. Willalnetlr 
 
 steamer 
 
 Koliait. brii; 
 
 l-jihis. hriir 
 
 Kiliiity. schooner . 
 
 Kriessiin. stiip, wi U 
 
 Krie. r. S. sior.sliip . 
 Krilrea, liarU. wri'ek . 
 Krskine.Capt. .M, 
 
 Fl 
 
 54 
 'JlIN, ','75 
 . ... !» 
 
 414 
 
 II 
 
 IIW 
 
 4.TN 
 .■.•71 
 
 :ias 
 •-",11 
 I'jii 
 .'(■.►.' 
 377 
 
 IH5 
 
 an 
 
 117 
 
 :i«i 
 
 riters 
 . . :t\. 7a. N7 
 54 
 
 Ill 
 
 41)5 
 
 '«! 
 
 411 
 
 IU4 
 
 Kseambla. sieamship ail 
 
 Kseort.tm.' 177 
 
 Kseort .No. a. inu- iSM 
 
 lOstella. steamer ;4a) 
 
 Kst.dle, tin:, wi k 417 
 
 l-;sll.er Colos, sehooner. w reek '^73 
 
 Ksi|uiniall I Irav itii: Dock .'fth! 
 
 i;tta May. schooner arj 
 
 Klla White, sleamer IINI. a37 
 
 Kllershanks. Capt. William lai 
 
 Kndorns. sehiHiner 4H 
 
 l-hii-'ene. steamer 41.*) 
 
 Kinretie City, steamer INft 
 
 Kuphrates. steamship .am 
 
 Kureka. steamer ."iai 
 
 Kureka. stearier 35N 
 
 Kureka. steamship, formerly Cullforniu ... 
 
 106. aw. ae. .TO! 
 
 Kuropa. hrlii 14 
 
 Knstace. schooner, wreck 'jlll 
 
 Kva. sli-amer S)ii 
 
 Kva, schisiuer m8 
 
 K\ anifel, steamer SKNI 
 
 ■• boiler explosion 3)4 
 
 KyanKellii(>, steamer 887 
 
 Kvans, Charles W Xti 
 
 Kveliue, schooner !H 
 
 EwlUK, PS. schooner 117, .IB 
 
 Kxael. sehiHiner an 
 
 Kxperimeiil. snow 4 
 
 Kxjilorer, schiHiner 104 
 
xiv 
 
 Rxplnrrr. Alaitka Htoainer AW 
 
 KxprettM. Nirumcr 51, 7S 
 
 Kxpri'Mt*. MliMinuT .SWl 
 
 ■• Imnicil ... XKt 
 
 KyiiH. HtciiuuT .. 414 
 
 Fuvnrili' 
 Kiiviirilt' 
 Pinorltc. 
 Knvorih* 
 
 K. I*, (irt'cii. st'liiHitiiT 
 
 K I*. WrtKlU. HlfuiiHT 
 
 F. S. HiHltlrltl, Ni'htMiniT 
 
 K. \V. Hiiilcy. Hlilp. wTi'fk 
 
 F. W. Miircii. H('h(H>nt'r. wn-i-k 
 
 Fiiiry. sti'imicr . 
 
 •■ iNllItT rXplONloll 
 
 Fitli'ou. NicitnuT 
 
 Fulk. i'»pr IVtcr 
 
 Fiilnintili), »4t<K)i>-<)f-wur 
 
 Fiiniilr Tnmp. Hli<iimi>r 
 
 Futiuy. ship 
 
 " wreck 
 
 Funny, siciimtT 
 
 Fiitniy. sti'unuT 
 
 Funny Luke, sti-iinH'r 
 
 • • hurniil 
 
 Funny Miijnr. IturU 
 
 Funuy I'uiinn. sit*«mor 
 
 Faraway, schmnuT 
 
 Karlry, Cuiii. Mitnit-l 
 
 FurmiTs' 'I ratiHpnrtutlon Company, IMTrt ... 
 FarnHTs' Traiispnrtulii>n Cumpiiuy. IKKt ... 
 
 Farna. luirk 
 
 Furnhuni. .Inlin 
 
 Farrrr. ('apt. Krwlii 
 
 Farrcll. .lohn 
 
 FuHliiiin. st)'unn'r X 
 
 Fauntlcruy, hrln 
 
 Fuviinta. Spanish hrii-' ... 
 
 FaviM-ltr. Itritish si-lHH.mT ItI7. 
 
 " Nt'l/nrr 
 
 Favnrti"'. Pinfi'l Sound tiii.' I*:t. A'«. 
 
 ■ tiiK 
 
 , Vuiinlnii iMti 
 
 sli'imuT 
 
 . Kii-aniiT 
 
 Fuwn. hrlK. wrt'i'k 
 
 Fawn, stcaintT 357. 
 
 Fearless, tiiK T5. 
 
 Fearless, tujr 
 
 " wrei'k 
 
 Fe.irless. lujr 
 
 Fee. I>. F 
 
 Fellee. ship 
 
 Fellows, A. J 
 
 Feulx. I'orlnt'uesi- hri*; 
 
 Feuix. steaine.* .T 
 
 Ferehen. t'apl. P. K 
 
 Ferey. Capi. C It 
 
 FiTUilule. steainei 
 
 •• lmruill^' c»r 
 
 Fcriulale. hark, wreek 
 
 Fern tilen, ship, wreek 
 
 Ferreld. Hariolonie 
 
 Fidelaier, steauiship 
 
 Ftueh.Capt. I». II 
 
 Fiulev. ('apt. Harrv 
 
 FIreHy. tnjr 
 
 Firs! ^'rain can:o, fohunliia Hive 
 First ^'rain carj-'o. I'ujrei Simntl .. 
 
 First pilntai-'e htw 
 
 First pilot seliooner 
 
 First lea rart'o. Columliia Hiver. 
 
 Fis^'ua^l. II. M. S 
 
 Fisher, ("apt. .1. N 
 
 Fisher, steamer 
 
 Fislier Maiti. schiMiner 
 
 Flaiitters. Capt. .1. i' 
 
 Flavel, ('apl.»ieort:e 
 
 Flavel. ('apt. Cenrifp f 
 
 Flavia. French ship 
 
 Fleet wintr, hark, wreck 
 
 FU'cIwoimI. steanuT 
 
 Flewin. Thomas 
 
 Florence. Itark 
 
 " wreck 
 
 Florence K. Walton, sohmmcr — 
 
 FloreiuM" Henry, sleumcr 
 
 Florencia. hrik' 
 
 Floriniia. Iirin 
 
 Flyer, steamer 
 
 Flylm.' Diitclunan. sleunier 
 
 Flylni-' iMitt'liman, The 
 
 Flyinj-' Ka».'le. sliip 
 
 Flying' Mist, schooner 
 
 Flyini.' Sijiuulron. The 
 
 Flyitik' \'eniis. ship, wri'ck 
 
 Fo'anl. Martin 
 
 Follett. Charles S 
 
 FiMili-. Capi. Hamilton K 
 
 Foratrer. ship 
 
 Forties. .1. 11 
 
 Forest. Itrin 
 
 Forest Kintf. schiKiner 
 
 Fon-st Maiil. schiMiner 
 
 Fon-st t^iiceii. hark 
 
 Forsaken, steamer 
 
 • ■ Itiirueil 
 
 For.*tuer. A. II 
 
 Fori Uupert, estaldtshment i)r — 
 
 Fortnua. schijouer 
 
 Fort Vale, steamer 
 
 " iHtller I'xplosioii 
 
 FortV-uine. steamer 
 
 Forwuni, H.M.S 
 
 Forwanl. steamship, caplurc of ,. 
 Forward llo, liark, wrecit ....... 
 
 ForwiMHl. steamship 
 
 Foster, Capt. W. I! 
 
 F(twler, Capl. 10. S - . 
 
 Fowler, James 
 
 Fowler. JaHpur 
 
 Fox, K. A 
 
 ll'.2 
 »tA 
 MM 
 l«j 
 •J»\ 
 4A 
 
 tw 
 
 :¥Vt 
 
 :« 
 iw 
 \m 
 \m 
 ;mt 
 ■JiH 
 
 411 
 
 m 
 i;n 
 
 HO 
 
 *» 
 •ii 
 
 Irti 
 'Ath 
 15 1 
 .45 
 
 115 
 
 ;j 
 
 4!M 
 44U 
 
 •,>7H 
 -'15 
 
 ;ki 
 
 ;«4 
 
 rt'.' 
 
 4Hi 
 
 •jn: 
 •in\ 
 ;t7i 
 
 411) 
 1>7 
 4 
 
 7.51 
 ItM 
 
 4:*j 
 :w4 
 
 41 M 
 
 ■JMII 
 
 . I7H 
 H7 
 
 m\ 
 
 44 
 
 HIT 
 
 *J4 
 
 I4« 
 
 m\ 
 
 4nN 
 
 .t.M 
 
 '. '.m 
 in 
 
 I. 1(15 
 
 an 
 ii5 
 
 , iirt 
 
 rt 
 
 , :>» 
 
 , 4;i5 
 
 . KM 
 , K 
 
 . ira 
 
 . ;»i 
 , .'trti 
 
 ;ci'i 
 . 15 
 . 141) 
 . 'S\ 
 . llHt 
 
 IHH 
 i.-i55 
 , -Mi 
 . Mfi\ 
 . ■J5ll 
 
 . .1)5, 
 
 IIM 
 141) 
 lUl 
 I7tl 
 
 m 
 
 ■JtWt 
 
 ;fc! 
 
 31)11 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Pox,Jo»ophE a53 
 
 Kox.Willlum ... Mh 
 
 Fruin, (^»pl. JitmoN IHl 
 
 Krani'CH Alice, Hchiwner iJMM 
 
 Francis. Cunt. FaIwuaI H 'Jm 
 
 Francis Helen schiKiner R7, tK) 
 
 Francis ami LouiNc, bark 9i,'M 
 
 Francisco. l»rlK 47, 1»W 
 
 Frauklin. «chiK»ner ») 
 
 Franklin, steamer XJ.fii 
 
 Franklin Atlams. lirlg ;«i 
 
 Fruzer. Capl. J. M K4 
 
 Fnil K. Sander. schiMiiier .'Mi' 
 
 Frederick K. ItillhiKs, steamer •,'73 
 
 Fredle. hrijr 13 
 
 Freennm Clark, ship '-tVJ 
 
 Free Trade, hurkenline Irtrt 
 
 '■ wreck -JW 
 
 Frenioni. stt-aniship ;W 
 
 Fremont. Imrketillne hVf. IrtTi 
 
 Friel, Patrick (17 
 
 Frii?ate Mini, ship 7li 
 
 FndIc steamer 34H 
 
 Fnilic. H.M.S -i] 
 
 t"^iller. (ieor^'e F -^57 
 
 Fiisl Vania, steamship l-.*it 
 
 (i. Hnintrhton. liarli, wreck •-ixi 
 
 il, \V. Kemlall. hrlK W 
 
 < J. \V. Shaver, steamer :W5 
 
 Ca^e.Capl. John W I4tf 
 
 (>ale, Capt. .loseph *.1l 
 
 (iaieua, steamer MH 
 
 Cauymede. luirk II 
 
 (larda. scluMUier 4'3i 
 
 ttanliuerCitv. schooner .'ttW) 
 
 (iarlbaldi. Imrk IH7 
 
 (larlaud. «teumer :f75 
 
 (lurrlNtm. L. M WJ 
 
 ( Jutes. John nil 
 
 ( :ates, Frederick *i5il 
 
 (iates, \V. \V :«l 
 
 tJathen-r, Hhip *JH7 
 
 Cutter, Capt. Frank W. !«•> 
 
 tiaiidin. Capl. James 140 
 
 (la/elle. schotiner 14a 
 
 (Jazelle. steamer. Imiler explosion — 51 
 
 (iazellc. steamer ■J4l,'Ai5 
 
 •* Imrned :«:* 
 
 ( leni. schooner 3.'«( 
 
 (Jem. StIckeen Illver Hteamer '^17 
 
 (!eni. sleamer •J»(l 
 
 " luirnetl 'Mi 
 
 (iemollhe Ocean, hark Irt5 
 
 " wreck i'H 
 
 ( ieneral Cauhv. steamer '£44 
 
 Ceneral Ci>I)h. hark. 105 
 
 *• wreck **»7\i 
 
 ( ieneral Custer, sleamer "JHli 
 
 (ieiiiTal Unller. hark, wreck .'*)4 
 
 (ieneral ( iarlleld. steamer 'JJ-rt 
 
 (Jeneral Harnev. scl»M)ner kk 
 
 ■■ wreck 37M 
 
 (ieneral Miles, sleamer "JD;! 
 
 (ieneral Mort-'an. si'hiHuier 7i). MM 
 
 (ieneral Sherman. sleamiT 'i'-iit 
 
 lienei-al Sijrlln. schooner 414 
 
 (ieneral Warren, steamshii) .'W 
 
 *• wreck 41 
 
 (ieiu'ral Wriifht. sleamer "JK* 
 
 (ieneva. hark, wreck '^73 
 
 (Icneva. sti-anier .■>>*( 
 
 (ii'iieva. sch(M)ner L't" 
 
 Ceorifi- and Martha, hurk :fe!. :i7 
 
 (ieorjre C. Perkins, harkentiue •-•71) 
 
 ( ieorire Kmery. lirijr Hl.:w 
 
 (ieori.'!' K. .Starr, steamer 'JtH' 
 
 (ieor^'e H. Chance, steamer :VW 
 
 lleor^'e H. Mendell. steamer .'tV> 
 
 tieort'e Uavnes. ship 77 
 
 (ieon.'eS. Wri»rht. sicamshtp KM, KM. IMrt 
 
 " wr-ck an 
 
 (ieorjre W. Klder, steamship 'Hi 
 
 (ieorne W. Kmery. hritr .'fii 
 
 (Jeoru'e W. Prescolt, schooner 411) 
 
 (ieorye Wasliiiii-'ton. hark U'-* 
 
 (ieort-'iana, scIhmhut. wreck 37 
 
 ( leort-'le. sleamer lift) 
 
 (Jeor^'te Oakes. sleamer IW* 
 
 (ieraldine Pa^'et. ship, wreck A't 
 
 ( iert rude, steamer , '-'I*. •-1'7 
 
 (iertrudis. schmaier 7 
 
 ( iri I v^hu^^^ ship, wreck 311 
 
 liitison.Capt. J. S Ml 
 
 t iilhrealh. Janu's ;i>»7 
 
 liill. Samuel F.. -JnO 
 
 (iillespie. Capl. H.J ;i'W 
 
 ( ti i liam. William A '-'51 
 
 (iilman.Capt. J. M. :#* 
 
 (iilmore. Archibald N 413 
 
 (ibulvs. steamer ICW 
 
 (ilaholm, Capt. John W iiiH 
 
 (i leaner, barken tine 4i)3 
 
 I i leaner, steamer '^^ 
 
 (ilea tier, steamer .T17 
 
 " wrei'U ;iv.t 
 
 (ilen. schooner 311. ;») 
 
 (ilenelu. steamship .'imi 
 
 (ilen Friiln. bark, wn-ck ■*•»! 
 
 (ilenora. sleamer SIrt 
 
 " wreck tf7l 
 
 (ilii.e. Sleamer .'«)« 
 
 (Hide. Harrv 4rt 
 
 (.ilimpse. Jiark W, Irt5, !;ni 
 
 " wreck -.nil 
 
 tJlobe. ship I(» 
 
 (iotlinir. Capl. Klbrldtre :t*\ 
 
 tbthl Dust, sleamer 'v*? I, .•«•-». .'Ml 
 
 (lold Oatherer. Hteamer 'V\7 
 
 (lold Hunter, steamship 31 
 
 , 3rt. 
 
 (lold Hunter, bark 
 
 iJoldeii Ajic. schooner .. 
 tiolden tiale, bark 
 
 " wreck 
 
 (iolden Hliul.ship. 
 
 (}4>lilen .Shore. schrHiiier 
 (lohleii Stale. schiHrner 
 
 (loliah. steamer 
 
 (ioinet/a. ship 
 
 (itMKlall. Nelson it Perkinit SteamKlitp Com- 
 pany 
 
 tiiKHilun-, Frank W. 
 
 (ioiNlmaii, Capt \V. iJ. 
 
 ( IimhI Ti mplar. schtMiner, wreck 
 
 (iore. Charles K 
 
 (lore. ('apt. (ieor^e 
 
 ( iiire. Capl. , lohn C 
 
 ( ioiama. schiN>ner 
 
 (ioulii. Capt. Isaac A 
 
 (Io\e. Capt, A. 11 
 
 (iove. Caiit. (if'orire \V 
 
 (io\e,Capt. I. W 
 
 (iove. Capl. William 
 
 ( Jo\eriior .Ames, selHMHier 
 
 (iovernor Umj-'las, sch<»i)ner 
 
 (loveriior (iro\er, sleamer 
 
 (iovernor MtMtdy. sclioonrr 
 
 " wreck ....' 
 
 (Iovernor Newi-ll. steamer 
 
 (Inindon. Capl. J. M 
 
 (inll. schooner 
 
 (iuiulerson. Capt. Cliarles 
 
 ( Junderson, Capl. F,tlward 
 
 (iussle Telfair, sleainslilp . . 174, IHrt, 'JIft), •,^«l, 
 
 ■' wreck 
 
 (irace.ship 
 
 (irace. sleamer 
 
 •• bnriu'd 
 
 (Jrace, steamer -VH, 4(ii, 
 
 (irace ParliuK. ship 
 
 ■' wreck 
 
 tirace Koherts. harkenline itW. 
 
 " wreck 
 
 ( Iraliaui. Capt. .\i-tlnir W 
 
 (irampns. H.M.S 
 
 (irandholni, steamship. 
 
 (iran^er, schooner, hurned 
 
 (Irani, t iordon F 
 
 ( Irani . Capt. Thomas 
 
 (Irappler. steanislilp IH7, '-M7. 
 
 burned 
 
 I4;( 
 irt'-» 
 
 m 
 mt 
 
 Mil 
 
 ntrt 
 -.1)1 
 
 '.•13 
 •Jl'-' 
 
 4U 
 
 rt:4 
 •Jill 
 
 to 
 l-Ai 
 
 315 
 
 .■•17 
 71 
 
 ;«" 
 
 413 
 4W>7 
 
 im 
 
 •-»(VJ 
 
 1)17 
 
 x-m 
 
 371) 
 ■,M 
 .ft) I 
 
 157 
 
 (iray. Capt. 
 (Iray. Capt. 
 ( Iray. ('apt. 
 (iray. ('apt. 
 (iray. ('apt. 
 
 A. W 
 
 J. H, I). ... 
 
 James T 
 
 Koherl 
 
 . W. P 
 
 (Ireat Hepnblic. Fri'ni^h ship 
 (ireat Kepublic. steamship. .. 
 
 " wreck 
 
 (Ireat Western, burk, bnrneil. 
 
 tirecian. briK 
 
 (ireen. ("apt. Iji-aiiiiei- 
 
 (Ireirory.Capt H. .M 
 
 (iretrory. Capl. W. V. 
 
 (irevhtiurid. sleamer 
 
 (irilltn. ("apt. Kdward 1» 
 
 (irilllu, J.ihn W 
 
 (Jrimii. Tliomas J 
 
 (iriltln. brit: 
 
 tirimih. I). K 
 
 (Jrimihs. James 
 
 tirittlths. Capt. .lames 
 
 (iriltiths. J 
 
 Crlnwald. Charles H 
 
 liroiinds. ("apt. Hrazil 
 
 (iroinids. Capt. Frank 
 
 ( Jr<i\es, Capt. H. T 
 
 (IroM's. lieorj-M' W 
 
 (imwler. selMxilUT 
 
 •-•H4 
 311 
 
 MH) 
 
 •,»rt5 
 
 :«rj 
 
 UK 
 
 a-ni 
 r,i) 
 
 ( irumbler. scluHiuer 
 
 (ivnitinio/iti. ship 
 
 (iuilliams.Capt. I{. F. .. 
 (Ivvendidine. steamer.. .. 
 (lypsy. steamer 
 
 .T,»l 
 
 •.w 
 
 Id 
 llM 
 KH 
 
 111 
 UK 
 114 
 
 53 
 
 11)3 
 
 mi 
 
 I7rt 
 ;fliM 
 
 437 
 
 H. C Pai-'e. scho<nier 
 
 H. C. Wahlbei-if. scIhmhiit 
 
 H. L. I{uti:ers. bark, wreck 
 
 H. .M. HuiehJnsoii. schooner 
 
 Ilaa'.'fu. Capl liouisd 
 
 Hackeit.Capt. Charles 
 
 Hadtett. Capt, Fred M 451 
 
 Hackley. Hi.bert -,•75 
 
 HaddinuiDUshlre, hark, wreek :i'« 
 
 Hadhtck steamer :i'>7 
 
 Halcvon. Aineriean hritr 51 
 
 Halcyon. Ilritlsh britf rt 
 
 Halcyoti. schi Miner KW. 44-,> 
 
 llalt'V. hrijf n 
 
 Hull. Andrew J •.»fiii 
 
 Hall. Capt. W.H. H. :ft( 
 
 Hal vs. steamer 
 
 Ham. ' 
 
 i;« 
 
 Hamilton, ship n 
 
 Hamlin. Capt. William H 315 
 
 Hammond, Capt. William li>3 
 
 HaiiciieU. ltri^' h 
 
 Hannah, schooner HM 
 
 Hansen, Capt. C. K ;Virt 
 
 Hanson, ('apt. .\u>fust MA 
 
 Hanlv, Thomas J ;t35 
 
 Hari'. Michael >-trt| 
 
 Harkins. Harrv. itti 
 
 Harloe. I. A-vi 
 
 Handd, Capl. Thomas 4511 
 
 llariMMiner, Mritish ship t!ft 
 
 Harriet, schnou.-r 38, M, 7H 
 
 Harritran, Peter 34rt 
 
 Harris. Capt. Al 431 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 ■■;;■- 
 
 
INDKX 
 
 XV 
 
 . .. IBS 
 
 . . . .17 
 
 .... 1^11 
 
 .... lit! 
 
 'i 
 
 ... m 
 
 Id. I II I 
 
 ... Hll 
 (lit). 
 
 . . . •■>;« 
 
 . . . :«ii> 
 
 .. . ii« 
 
 ... an 
 
 ... •.'1.1 
 
 .... aia 
 
 ... lil3 
 
 . . «« 
 
 . 441 
 
 . . . . i« 
 
 .... •j«i 
 
 ... 411 
 
 .... lai 
 
 ... »n 
 
 . .. Kl 
 
 . . . . T.5 
 
 .... :<i.'i 
 
 . . :v! 
 
 -JMI 
 
 II 
 
 XX! 
 
 413 
 
 aw. 4111. 4',T 
 ll»l 
 
 -.ivi 
 
 . . . . IIW. IIIT 
 
 :iiii 
 
 ;mi 
 
 -.'I 
 
 an 
 
 ;«« 
 
 i.-i- 
 
 N". -in. •jm 
 
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 Mm 
 
 MU 
 
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 II 
 
 HIT 
 
 ini 
 
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 ...... ii! 4T 
 
 v!illi 
 
 I.".li 
 
 :«T 
 
 :i;:l. .IT.-i 
 
 ll.'i 
 
 I.V,' 
 
 at 
 
 14 
 
 i'li 
 
 UN 
 
 .-wi 
 
 r,ii 
 
 ihii 
 
 -.M 
 
 aii.'i 
 
 .lai 
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 114 
 
 IIIH 
 
 III! 
 
 Ill 
 
 4 in 
 
 414 
 
 .■«« 
 
 .VI 
 
 IIB 
 
 iim 
 
 im 
 
 .•*»( 
 
 4.17 
 
 4.11 
 
 r,!) 
 
 ;wi 
 
 iw 
 
 :>i 
 
 n 
 
 . . 4.n. 44J 
 
 II 
 
 •Jim 
 
 -At 
 
 .•I.i7 
 
 i.m 
 
 II 
 
 SIS 
 
 IIW 
 
 . ., ... N 
 IIH 
 
 xm 
 
 :h« 
 
 XV, 
 
 •.'Bl 
 
 . :«•.' 
 
 •i'>4 
 
 4.'ill 
 
 as 
 
 ...W. M. 711 
 
 nm 
 
 ■y.n 
 
 I'AIIK 
 
 Harris. Ciipt. Hfiijiiiiiln ^^44 
 
 Harris, i'tilit. rimrirs . 1 4iri 
 
 Hurry, C \V., MchiMiurr I^i*^' 
 
 HnrrV I...vnn. sifumiT •••'»* 
 
 HBriman.Oiipt. Nrwion ■-iw 
 
 Hiirvfsl Hiinif. Imrk. wrefU '*'! 
 
 Harvi'sl MiKiu, stfiiiiu'r ^nm 
 
 llar\ I'st l^ui't'ii. sliMip 1**1 
 
 llarv i^sl gwcii. strunicr •»«. •JIM. :i»ii 
 
 Ilarvi'sliT. liiirk. wrrck Wl 
 
 lliiricv. Mills, ship, wri'fk .Ill 
 
 llusUi'li.Ciipl. I), II I'll 
 
 lliissiilu. slraiiitT rtft 
 
 HiiHsiiht. sli'iinicr .•.f74. ;c>ii 
 
 HusliMifs. Capt, I, n •'"•'1 
 
 llusIill^■s.('llpl. I,. II Ml 
 
 lliiti'li.l'upt. /.. ,1 •-<■•' 
 
 llallli'iil. Ciipl. ,lol> '.'1 
 
 llatlli'iil. I'lipl. .Idliu .\ '-IW 
 
 lllillir. slciillirr ;I4H 
 
 lluUii'C lli'ssi'. haiU 17N. 1X7 
 
 .. wi k iim 
 
 llallii' Itilli'. slcaiwr . H'l 
 
 II at til- Ilansfii. straiiu-r MV 
 
 llauuhtcm. .'ilm •-'!*! 
 
 llattlrv.li.W ■•^» 
 
 llaycii-n. I'apt. William () I.V.' 
 
 llaVI'S. Sl'lHHllHT a4r» 
 
 Hayes. .Insi'iili •-W 
 
 Haytian Ut'pllhiif. slcainsliip .'W" 
 
 Hayuiinl. ("apt. liiiirKi' 'ni* 
 
 Ha'/ant. ship U 
 
 Ht'ati'r. ('apt. iJi'orKf 44.1 
 
 H.'i II. .M. S IIUI 
 
 Ih'ci'Ia. llnilKi H 
 
 lliiil-'es. rapl. ,\. F .IM 
 
 Hci(.|i. sti'amt'r •-1I7 
 
 liflcii. sriinimcr. wrfi-U 4.VJ 
 
 Hll. n .Mifiir. ship 1117 
 
 lli'li'ii W. .Minv. liarK 1117 
 
 lli'liiis. ship lH'i 
 
 Hi'lHlfrsiiii. rapt. William 17,5 
 
 lli'iil.y. .N'l-il •-►-•4 
 
 lli'iiiit'sy, rapt. Janii's .•iWi 
 
 lli'iirii'tta. sti-amiT HI 
 
 Hi-iirii'tta, sli'ami'r 17H 
 
 Ili'Ury. lirii.' •-*"-• 
 
 lli'liry llaiii-y. sti-ami-r .•Wi 
 
 Ili'urV lli'ntiis. schmmi'r iXt 
 
 ■■ wrn-h Mil 
 
 Henry Villanl. sti'ami'r ■.■"I 
 
 llfUspi'liT. Capl. Liiitis . •,MI 
 
 IPra, schiiiiiiiT •,Mil 
 
 Herald, sliip II 
 
 lleralil. H .M. S -.'l.-J-.' 
 
 Ilerahi. steamer. :W 
 
 Ilerlierl.l'apl..l"s|.ph ■,«SI 
 
 Herniaii. steainsliiii imi 
 
 Herman, ship, ui'eeit •J.'iil 
 
 Herman lloetnr. ship 1^7 
 
 llermiru. sleaiiier — ."Kl 
 
 Hen ha. sliip 1K7 
 
 llesper. liarll ■.HI 
 
 lleuill. rapt. Charles II -i'ti 
 
 llieics, rapt. Kolierl 11.1 
 
 lliilak'ii. hrli; iWi 
 
 Hill. ('apt. I'harles II .'Ml 
 
 Hill. I'apl. .lames -JiT 
 
 Hill, rapt, MIliMie Ml 
 
 HiiHls. ('apt. .liihti !•' II--* 
 
 Illnsiiali-.Capt. syl\ester la 
 
 Hiilisi.h. I'apt. Uieharcl 117 
 
 Hulls I'apt. W. H Sri 
 
 HiiilL'iliiu. lirii;. wredl .Ill 
 
 H.vi-1k«iiii. I.. V 71 
 
 Hiillaiiay. Hen l.V,' 
 
 Hi Uaila'v .1^ l-'llnl lim 
 
 III. lailaV Slat'e l,lhe l-» 
 
 Hiillaiiil. .Iiihii J 111.1 
 
 Hiilmes. W. S ->."• 
 
 lliilmi-s. lapl. William ,-711 
 
 lliinian. 1. .1 ','.511 
 
 Hiinier. sti-amslili> .'IHll 
 
 Himt'liUirk. ('apt. Charles .117 
 
 HiKisii-r. steamer Xi 
 
 Hmisier. sti'iimer in 
 
 Hnlie. iiriir « 
 
 Hiipe. l.rii! IN 
 
 lliipe. Ilritisli steamer 114. INi 
 
 llnpi. I'm.'1-t Siiiiiiil steamer •,'HH 
 
 Hiin-asitas. Siiaiiisli liriK 7 
 
 lliirnt-l, sti-amer -JSH. .IT.'j 
 
 Hiirseshiii-. stejiiiii-r .'IM 
 
 lliirtim. William .S' .'i.=i 
 
 Hiiuilielte.Capt- llenryC '.'.V. 
 
 Hi HIS t nil. Henry Frank. -,»•,' I 
 
 Hmvaril. sleamer -Jtlii 
 
 lliiwaril. Cajn. l-Mwaixl 11-,' 
 
 HiivieU.i'apl .li-ITersiin 1) -,•-,'4 
 
 l|llVM-ll..ll.ll11.l 
 
 Hiiwi-s. Capl. li. I-; .. .„.• 
 
 lliiVl.Capt cleort'eW :«1 
 
 llnvl. Ca|it. Ui-hanl.Si' -Al 
 
 lliiyt, (apt. Hii'haril..lr I.'m 
 
 Hiiyt, Capt. Samuel .\... .117 
 
 Hneni'iiie si-hitiaier -jTv'* 
 
 llvn-'li. Han-lay. lirij: IIUI 
 
 Hin:hes.Capt. William I) Ill 
 
 Hamliiiltlt. r. S. si-l ler I7ii 
 
 Hiliiie. .1. Freil ......'W4 
 
 Humphri-y. Capt, I). .1 ;(,•»'.' 
 
 Hunter, tin.' .-mi 
 
 Hunli'i-, Capl. .1. C 'JKI 
 
 Hiiiiliiii.'tiiti. Capt. 'riioniaH 11.1 
 
 Hmitress, sti-aiiHT ;^Jl 
 
 •' liuriieil .•m 
 
 Hulitsville. hark tii.-t 
 
 Hustler. Capt. . I. (! .e» 
 
 Ilnstler, steamer ,-(mm 
 
 Hnti-hlnsi.ii, K'nhl ,y I'll hit 
 
 Hyae, sleamer , ;ti7 
 
 llyiH'U. steamiT 
 
 Ilyilra. sti-aiiit-r 
 
 Hyltiiti Caslle. sleaniHlilp 
 ii wrei'k 
 
 PAi.K 
 
 -IKi 
 
 . . . •JKI 
 ...HIS. •.•7!) 
 
 .mi 
 
 I 11. I.iint.hriK 47. IIW 
 
 I. I. Steyeus, sehoonor W 
 
 1. .\l. S.. hark II" 
 
 I. Merrithew. hark, wnink 4li 
 
 leiiniiiiii. liark *^*. lH-'* 
 
 Ilia .\itii. si'hiHiner I'^l 
 
 Ilia II lingers, lirik'. wreek ITll 
 
 hln Ktta. seluHiher WHI 
 
 Ilia l^ehiianer. si'luMiner •-I7 
 
 lilahii. slilewheel steamer I«, ••W •."li.'i 
 
 lilaliii. stcainsliip ....iri7. •.*75 
 
 - wreek :it:i 
 
 Iilahii. Fraser lliver sleamer 114 
 
 lilallii. Kimlenai hake steamer X\H 
 
 Ilmeh. ship 1'* 
 
 Ilwaen SI earn Nayii-'aliiiii Cmiipany 'v':i4 
 
 Imperial Katrie. ship 4 
 
 IIiipriiM-inelit. steamer Xil 
 
 llieiinstaiit. H .MS •.M 
 
 Imlepemlent. sleailuT 7.1 
 
 Iniliamaii. sliip Hi-I 
 
 Ihilian I'aeUet. ship H 
 
 Itiillana. steamer -Hl^i 
 
 Inilustrv. liark "11. H". l:«l 
 
 " ureek 11-1 
 
 Iniillstry. steamer :Wll 
 
 inirails. .S. II 4.1 
 
 liilaiiil Star, steamer Wil 
 
 Insley. Capt. .\sliiiry li;l 
 
 liispeetion Ilistriet III \'iiitiiria IHI 
 
 lola. sleamer Xtl 
 
 Inn. sehiMiner. urei-k IHIJ 
 
 Inlle, steamer .•Wl 
 
 Ipheueliia. sliip 4 
 
 Iralila. steami-r 1W* 
 
 Irene, tirik'. wri-ek .'iMI 
 
 Iris, sti-aiiier II.t 
 
 Iris. .Maska sieaiiiiT '141 
 
 Iris. Ilritish steamer -.111. -.W 
 
 Irllia. sti-atiii-r 4111 
 
 Irm^'aril liarki-ntine :Wll 
 
 Iryinir. Capt. .Inliii i.*17 
 
 Irvinj,-. Capt. William -Jl 
 
 Isaae. leans, ship ll»l 
 
 Isaae •I'nilil.ship 1',' 
 
 isalii-l.sehiMiner Ill 
 
 Isabil. Iiai-U :l:«i 
 
 IsaI.el, Hrilish ste.imer 14«. :ri7. :K, 
 
 Isatiel. WiUamette Itiyer steamer '-IM 
 
 -I nri-ek .'IM 
 
 Isaliella. hark, wreek II 
 
 Isalii-lla. si'hnotier. ui'ei'k ',':lll 
 
 Isalielle. steamer -.Kt 
 
 Isianil llelle. sii-anu-r Ml 
 
 Islalnl t^lleen. sehiMiIier 711 
 
 Islaniii-r. steamship .'t.'>l 
 
 1st limits, steamship — :im 
 
 Ivalilnie, ship, uri'i'k 41.5 
 
 Iwaniiwa. liarii. \yn*ek l.'*l 
 
 lzi-t..liilin M 114 
 
 .1. II. Hell, liark. wreek '.".n 
 
 .1, It. Hi'invn. lirit'. wreek lis 
 
 .1. II. I.i-eils. sehiKiner '.'ir> 
 
 .1. II. l.ililiy.yleanh'r Its. IM. :llil 
 
 -- tini-neil .-17-,' 
 
 ,1. II. Steplli-ns. steamer .'I'-M 
 
 .1. c. Ilrittain. sleamer. wrei'k Ill 
 
 .i.e. Chanipiiiii. si'liiMiner 1 1:1. ill-.' 
 
 .i.C Cnnsins, si-lnmniT '-'ss 
 
 •• wri-eU Ill 
 
 ,1, c. I-'ni-il. si-hiinner. wreek 41.1 
 
 ,1 K. Hnyilin. till.' .'I.'>7 
 
 .1. Haniiltnn Lewis. seiiiHiner l.'Ct 
 
 .- siiziu-e 4:1; 
 
 .1. H. Unsi-ile. set Per ITU 
 
 ,1. M. c.ilemali. tiiir Ilil 
 
 .1. M. Cnleinan. sehiHiner . .'LMl 
 
 .1. M. llrilllth. liarki-ntine .-Hll 
 
 .1. .M. Wealherwii.x. si-liiHiner ;|MI 
 
 .1. Orilwav. steamer --'In 
 
 .. linrni'il .'Kl 
 
 .1. U. Melmnalil. steamer :l7ii 
 
 " tnirneil 411 
 
 .1. H, .Mnra. liark Til 
 
 .1. U. Wllitim.'. sehnntier .'17. .V* 
 
 .1. S.Calinl. Iirlk- 70 
 
 .1. W. .Viiiire. sleami-r I'JII 
 
 .lai-kal. lirii; II 
 
 .laeknlisnn.Calit. Vielur 4:14 
 
 .laeksnn.Capt.ll.il -Jliri 
 
 .laeksnii. .Inhii H HI 
 
 .laeksnli. Capt. Samiti-l lis 
 
 .laueis. Capt. .liihn F Ill 
 
 .lauii-s .Mien. hark, wreek I-Jii 
 
 .lami's .\. liarllelil. sehnoiier -.'sh 
 
 .1 anil's I "I in Inn. steainer all 
 
 .laiiii-s llriimmiinil. ship — ;l.iM 
 
 .iami-si: lilaiiie. si-li.Hiner .'Ili:i 
 
 .laniis I i. Swan, si-lmnner — 4.'(4 
 
 .laniis Mall, e, sleamer -.'T'J 
 
 .lanii s Marsliall. hrlt' .-« 
 
 .lain, s Mi-NaiiL'lit. steamer --V7 
 
 .laiiii-s .Miirlie. sleamer 1IC> 
 
 .lanii-s I', l-'liiit, steamer ;|4 
 
 .lames W. I'afe. hark .'17 
 
 .lam-, lirii; .'Hi 
 
 .lane .\. Falkenlieri.'. liarkehtine 
 
 till, imi. iss. --Mil, -Si' 
 
 .lane liray. schnnner. w reek .'nil 
 
 .lanti West, steamer •,t«l 
 
 .lanet. sleamer ■>7 
 
 •lanet. lirit' a 
 
 .lapan Cnasl 8ealliiK Caloll, 1KII5 4511 
 
 .lennii 
 .lennie 
 .lennie 
 ilennie 
 ilennii 
 Jennie 
 Jennie 
 
 .layliawker. steamer .. 
 
 Jeanette. selliMIier 
 
 Jeaiiie. HteamHtiip 
 
 Jeanni'tle, II. .S. sleanier 
 
 Jeunuette. Kteamer 
 
 Jeannle. aleanier 
 
 JelTi'iill. J. r. 
 
 .leff Iltiyls. r. S, reyi'tme eulter... 
 
 .lelTersnn. ship 
 
 JelTersnn. I'apl, Kiij-'elie H.. 
 
 Jennie .Mice, ship 
 
 ■ Ciirriiii. sti-imer 
 
 ' Fnnl. harketiline, wreck . . 
 .fiine. sleamer 
 
 • Stella. si-hiHiner 
 
 Thelin. sehimner. wreek.. . 
 Walker, si-hnntler 
 
 I Waliil. sehniint'r 
 
 Jenuin^H. ilerryman 
 
 JetmimrH. Charles H 
 
 .leuny. Ainerieati ItrlK 
 
 .leiiny Clark steamer ., 
 
 Jenny Fnnl. hark 
 
 Jenny Jnties. sehimner 
 
 Jenny I'itls. hark 
 
 " wn-ek 
 
 .1 ■iisen. Cajit. Will 'am 
 
 .leremiah Thntlipsiin. ship 
 
 .lernme. I 'apt , I ienrue 
 
 Jessen. Capl, (1. M 
 
 .lessie. steamer 
 
 .li-ssie. steamer 
 
 Jessie .N'iekersnn. scliiMil er 
 
 .Iiiati. steamer 
 
 Jiiaqnlna. Iiriir 
 
 .Ine Ailams. steamer 
 
 Jim* halie. V. S, revenue em ler .. , 
 
 Jnhii anil Samin-l. sehniiner 
 
 Jiihli HrU'l.t. seliiMiiier 
 
 .Inhii llriu'lit. tiarU. wreek 
 
 .Inlin llryee. ship, wreck 
 
 .Inlin C. Fremniit. liark. wreek .... 
 
 Jnliii II. Tatlaiit. si-hnnni-r . 
 
 iliilin Iiavis. lirii: 
 
 John 1;. I'lilley. hark 
 
 .Iiiliti li, .N'lirlh. si-hiHiner 
 
 .Inhli liales. strainer 
 
 .Iiiliii M, Ciini-li, steamer 
 
 .Inlin Ilanenek. sehiMiner. wreek . . 
 
 .Inlin .lav. sliip 
 
 Jnlni I., liiiiiMiii'k, slilp 
 
 .Inlm Ii, Steplii-ns, sti-aiiiHliip . ., 
 
 .Inlm .N'alinll. steamer 
 
 .Inlin I'l-tlv. hrii; 
 
 .Inhn llnsenrelil. ship, wrei'k 
 
 .Inlin Sinitli. iiarkt-ntine 
 
 .Inlin Sli'M-iis, si-hnniier. wreek .. 
 .inlin T. Wrii-'hI. steamship . ,., 
 
 .Inhn W, Cater, hark 
 
 .Inhn West, steamer 
 
 .Inlm Wiii-eesler. liarkeiit iia-. un-i- 
 
 .Iiihnsiin, Capt, F.rle 
 
 .Inhiis.m, Capt, I'itilip 
 
 .inlitisnn. Capl William 
 
 .inlinstiin. Willi 
 
 .limes, Capl, Charh-s II 
 
 .Iiilles, Capt, I-', II 
 
 .Inni-s, Capt, .lames 
 
 .Inrilan, Capl, F. W 
 
 .Iiinlan, Capl IN'ter 
 
 .Inrilisnn. Capt. Jiihn 
 
 .Insepli Ki-H.-ei.'. sli-amer ,. 
 
 .liiseph I'eaiiiHly. ship 
 
 .Insepti IN.rkins, tiarki-ntine. wree 
 
 .liiseph Warri-n. hark, wreek 
 
 .Iiisepliine. sleam. r 
 
 •- hiiih-r e.vplnsiiit 
 
 Jnsepliiii.-, bark 
 
 .Insie Hiiri-iiws. steamer 
 
 .liisie MrNiar. sleamer 
 
 .Iiian lie Ftii-ii 
 
 .Inanita. sehnntier 
 
 .Iiiiiii. seliiinner 
 
 .liilia, sleamer 
 
 .Iiilia. sleamer 
 
 .Inlia Fnaril, hark, wreek 
 
 .Ill I ill anil .Marian, steamer 
 
 .liiliel, si-lini.iii-r. wi keil 
 
 .Iiilins Hrimlle, seliiMiner 
 
 .Iilliii. steamer 
 
 Jniin. H..M.S 
 
 aw 
 
 79 
 
 aw 
 
 mi 
 
 am 
 
 aw 
 
 urn 
 
 . . . riH. WI. 7'.' 
 
 « 
 
 ,'«iii 
 
 1117. I7V 
 
 a:*? 
 
 1.11 
 
 .'«4n. 411H 
 
 '^45 
 
 *« 
 
 inn 
 
 an 
 
 «i 
 
 'jiiii 
 
 11 
 
 HI. iim 
 
 .... HI 
 
 I'.>7 
 
 . .. Ill.'i. '.Mil 
 
 '.im 
 
 iHa 
 
 iBil 
 
 . <H 
 
 KH 
 
 •MX -tm, '.117 
 
 :i.vi 
 
 '."-Jii. -WI 
 
 4ir,' 
 
 . .'K 
 
 ■,'7». am 
 
 m 
 
 inn 
 
 IIIH 
 
 1711 
 
 lilHl 
 
 H'J 
 
 xa 
 
 ,•» 
 
 w 
 
 !»« 
 
 AW 
 
 117 
 
 4I'.' 
 
 IIV> 
 
 IIB 
 
 lljll. IHi.iX; 
 
 '«!, ani 
 
 •« 
 
 .i:«i 
 
 :«ii 
 
 711 
 
 M.i 
 
 'Jl 
 
 I'jii 
 
 177 
 .'I'J 
 
 a4i 
 •ill 
 
 •J7.1 
 
 .tw 
 •im 
 
 ■JW> 
 14 
 
 . 4« 
 
 4II1I 
 
 147 
 
 ■i 
 
 4-jr 
 
 , 4-Jl 
 •Jllll 
 74 
 
 .•tv, 
 
 .•mil 
 
 , ;i.ss 
 
 4.1 
 
 4H 
 
 KalllrCiiier. hark 
 
 Kaisiia , hark 
 
 Kainesi-halki', Hiissian ship 
 
 Katiilnniis Steam Niuiizaliiin Cnmpany, 
 
 KaniliHips, steami-r 
 
 Kanini, Capl, Chat les T 
 
 Kaiiiin, .lai'iih 
 
 Kasln, sleamer 
 
 K'alala, steamer 
 
 II 1.1 
 XM 
 ll'j 
 'Jill 
 liVi 
 
 Kale 
 
 elli 
 
 Kale anil .Anna, sleamer , 
 
 K'ate .\iliinis, selii 
 Kate llniiL.'las 
 
 Katlierine, sleami-r , 
 Katie. I'nili-il Stale 
 
 Kalie. steamer 
 
 Katie Cnnk. tin-' 
 
 Kalie Fliekinirer. Iiarkeuttne 
 
 Katie Ilaliett. steainer 
 
 Katie I.ailil, steamer 
 
 KatielVNeil. till.' 
 
 Katyiliii. sehiMiner, , 
 
 Kaul. seliniini-r 
 
 Keannli. seiiiin^'er 
 
 Keilar. tiark. wri .'k.. 
 
 Keone. Capt. J. \V 
 
I I 
 
 Ki^hunl, HdmiDPr *il' 
 
 KclliT. (*H|H. AllM-rt \V 7T 
 
 KclhiKtf. ('ttpl. I'liurU'KH ■••rti 
 
 Ki'llniftf.Ctipt. JoHt'ph '■£( 
 
 Kcllt>K«. Orrin . . aiT 
 
 Kfllv. (I'i'W ■-*?* 
 
 Kelly, ('ilpl. .Inhu IH1 
 
 Kfiinwly.lhivlil liU 
 
 Kfuni'(ly,.lohu H ^J-'i 
 
 Kcul. ri. H rrt 
 
 Kentucky, t<rlit Irt»» 
 
 KtMtku. imrk .W 
 
 Ki'Wi'CDuw.Htt'HfnHblp 4IC1 
 
 " wrt'fk . 117 
 
 Kl(UI..IohD8 Afi 
 
 Kililouuu. Ktt'uincr 'trj 
 
 KllKiiri'. HolMTt K Jw 
 
 Ktlkcuny, NchiMUHT Hih 
 
 Killiinioiik. nI(mi|) :i7 
 
 Kf Hon, Cant. Thiiiniift IWI 
 
 K imln-il . < 'upl . H. < ' *i 
 
 Kimlntl, ('u|H. Ilinry *«i 
 
 Kitnf, licniilHW ,. mi 
 
 Ktiijr, .Iitnit'N 171 
 
 Klntf CvniH. Hi'h(i«»n('r . IWi 
 
 Kliitf (i<'nrK<''M Aonnd Cnmpuuy :t 
 
 Kiii»f Philip. Hhin Wi 
 
 Kiti^ IMillIp, ImrK. wri-ok 'JtV'* 
 
 l\ lUIH' V , ( 'iipt H II M 
 
 Kitiiii'V. Clint. ThomuN K '•'lU 
 
 KIrkuliUti.Ciipt.J II ;»»7 
 
 Klrkliiuil. stninirr .'tr>7 
 
 Kit CiirNon, Nliip 77 
 
 KiiHiip. Ni'luHiticr :viit 
 
 •■ wri'fk ;aM 
 
 KltHiip, imrkimUnc -'mh 
 
 " wrci'k :WI 
 
 KtyiiN. HtrumtT Ilrt 
 
 KuuKK^. (iiM)rKa ^* 
 
 Knolt, Capl. A. J UH 
 
 Knlou. brlK .. Irtrt 
 
 K<Hili>ii»i. Nifimii'r ;<»7 
 
 Kraft. Capt. ('liurlfM F. . 14 
 
 Kn-NM. A. M I»7 
 
 KulnHoff. bark PW 
 
 Kvlf. William an7 
 
 li. II. HastlnizH. scliiMmiT \'.*t 
 
 1.. .?. rrrry,HU'ain('r •S\7. .Urt 
 
 I.. I». FnsliT, HflHKiUCr 4H. 7H 
 
 L» CiiniaN, stcamrr iVH 
 
 Lii <ii'n>ui)t', Hfh<MiD4>r 'SV7 
 
 I*u IN'nuiHi'. (J 4 
 
 LaStriT. Kn'm'li frliftttt' 170 
 
 I^abourlnTi', Ntf amrtlilp H*.* 
 
 ■• wn-i'k 153 
 
 Lady immTtti, h\vi'. ,iier ^7. ^iH. aiVi 
 
 hiiilv KaiiipNfiii, li'.rk 1711 
 
 Lady nf till- La'-.'.Hleamer hh 
 
 Laily (if tin- Lakft. NtiMiDH-r '-tM 
 
 I^aily Mine. NuhtMiniT . - »*7h 
 
 LimI'v Wushluntoii. NtoamtT -i^'i 
 
 LuliijT. Cant. A. U "A-T 
 
 Lalim. HiibiTt 4i 
 
 Lake, T. W 4-17 
 
 Laki' WuHliiD»rl(>n Hhip ounal I'Jl 
 
 Lakinc. Kli'amtT -VA 
 
 LanH'thi'tlipn't. r'rt'inii >itciimtT I7rt 
 
 ... -Jltii 
 
 i;t7 
 
 :c.H 
 
 117 
 
 -jiirt 
 
 lianimtTluw, bark. wr«' 
 
 LKnipnuiii. Ilt-nry 
 
 Lttucasicr Castk*. ship. 
 LuufM'upi. Nut. IL.Sr, 
 Lam>. Capt. Nut. H. Jr 
 
 Luntfli'y. si'luKniiT fw* 
 
 liUHK'Ifv. i'apl. Wallai-f :t77 
 
 Lapli';Tf, Capt. W. F ih 
 
 I>urk. snow 1 
 
 Larkiun,Cupt. William E -Ml 
 
 Larsi'U. .Idliii . . ... — .'Ml 
 
 Latona. stt'umcr *jmi 
 
 Lutonu, Kteumer .'175 
 
 Lutnulu. Ntt-amcr 7:t 
 
 I..uum. sfhtHinfr, wrcek *fi 
 
 Laura. HclinntitT. wn'i'k 4i\ 
 
 I.<aura Maml. ■.ininuT ;*!(( 
 
 IjUtira May. scIuhhht. wreck v.'v*'-' 
 
 Laiiru May. sclnKHier "J^fT 
 
 Laurel, steamer .'flt;l 
 
 Latisiiniit'. nark 11'. 117 
 
 Liiw. William . .. ir>l 
 
 I..a\vlor. Ih-iinis 17:1 
 
 Lavvsnn. Csipt. KnhtTt .1 "JC 
 
 Leuh. sehiMiiier ... H:i. KW 
 
 Le llulllsler. Ciipl. A. K :Vi7 
 
 Lee.Cupl. (JeiirKe A :t7K 
 
 Leeds, Capt, .). H IKS 
 
 LeKul Temler. schiMmer UW 
 
 Le UiilerullKuble, Freueh ship ■ v!l 
 
 Lena, sieiimer ."Wk :«wi 
 
 " burned 4<»tl 
 
 Lena *;. <iray, steumer -Mh 
 
 Leo, Hteumer ■it'i. .'CI** 
 
 •• wrec^k ;WI 
 
 Lennade, Hi'himner 143 
 
 LeoDurd. steumer ... ."«■* 
 
 LeonidaK.ship. 70 
 
 Leonora, brl^r .15 
 
 LeoDoru, steamer ^H 
 
 Lennitra, Nteamer 37t( 
 
 Leonore, hark Irtft 
 
 Le(mnre, Chilean hark, wreek 41*-* 
 
 Leonosa. hrlK. IS* 
 
 Leueve. ('apt. (Ic^orKO XU 
 
 Lenoen. t'apt. J. K .. 14*J 
 
 Levant, l'. 8, sloop tfl 
 
 Leviathan, steamer 74, 101 
 
 Lewis. Capt. H. (i 40 
 
 Lewis. Wllliiim «y 
 
 Lewis &, Lake River Transportutlnn Cnni 
 
 puny x«i. v'HO 
 
 INDKX 
 
 Lewlslnn. Hleumer lOO. HVI 
 
 Lewfslen. steamer Ii;t 
 
 LIbbv. Charles W ,'»» 
 
 l^lliby.Cupi Klmer K iW 
 
 l.lhby.4'uiil. .Inhn II UK 
 
 I<lbby,CupI S I» IIH 
 
 Liherlv. tuK . , :»\r 
 
 Lieen^ed cimeer'. Pu^et Snunil. 1M74 . . •i\*< 
 
 LU-risrd iinieers Willamette hlslriet . HW. in 
 
 Ller Krleksiiii, Hleumer. huriuMl — twt 
 
 LlKhtner. Cap! .1. K -rn 
 
 LlnhtnhiK- "tHHMaier Imk 
 
 l.lnurla. ship, wreck £*! 
 
 Llhnluho. sclHMtlier 'JtW 
 
 Lllu and Mat lie, -.ehooDer :V*i 
 
 Lllllun. St i-amer 'Jit5. ;40:> 
 
 Lllliun, steamer ;107 
 
 I<illle. selHK.ner. selztnl VM 
 
 lilllle. seltiNiner, wreeU. :&>.'* 
 
 Lll'.hH'i. steamer fji 
 
 Lilly (;raee. bark, wreck IW 
 
 LIIIv, K<M>irnal Kivcr sii-amer ... i'H 
 
 Lily, steamer •*tw 
 
 LInenln. I'. S. r-'venue culler, wreck 4.'I 
 
 Llnnl'>. steamer I74 
 
 Little Aiini* . steamer -,'11 
 
 Little .liM'. Meainer ;i:t7 
 
 107 
 \w 
 
 •iV\ 
 
 MM 
 17b 
 
 :k.s 
 ;!7:t 
 
 14 
 M-i 
 
 :«Ut 
 
 Live Yankee, bark . 
 
 Lively, steuilier 
 
 Ll//lc. sclMHiiier, wn>uk 
 
 Llz/ie A, steamer 
 
 Ll/.zie tiiitfks. bark, wreck 
 
 Ll/./ie Hornet, sleamer, bullor explosion . 
 
 LIz/le Marslnill. I>urk. wreck 
 
 Lu/h> Vance. schiHiiier 
 
 Li//le WllllaniH. bark, wreck 
 
 Llama. American brl^ 
 
 Liii'ke. Capt. Colin K 
 
 Locke Cap! L. I* 
 
 LiH'kw.NHl.C. K 
 
 Locust, steamer 
 
 I,4>tfan. W. I» ;«• 
 
 Lo^' rafi. tirst on Pacihi-' Count Iii7 
 
 Lo^' ran. lirst succi>sKriil iripof lil 
 
 Litiie Fishernuin. steamer ;«r; 
 
 Lontf Tom Transihtrlalion Company. . . . ITm 
 
 L<s> ChiM>. schooner :*<..> 
 
 " wreck .'A) 
 
 I^M.mls. L. A 'JHI 
 
 Lonl. H (' IM 
 
 Lord Uairlan. schooner 7m 
 
 Lord Uutflan. bark, wreck . 43 
 
 Lttni Wesbiii. bark, wreck ,'>4 
 
 Lorrn/. Capi. Kriiesi 4;47 
 
 Lnrenz. Capi, C. I),. ;»10 
 
 can race 
 
 14 
 
 ,'4o:> 
 
 i»i 
 
 Loriei. 
 
 Lome, \nii 
 
 fjoriiiii and Cockerinont 
 
 Los Aniretes. steainsliii' '-'If*, 
 
 ■■ wreck tl'.i 
 
 Lot Whlicoinlt. si.'umer :.••.* 
 
 Lottie. schiHUier -,'10 
 
 Lniiif. schtNMier, wreck. ... . iu\ 
 
 Lottie, schooner i-,tl 
 
 ■■ wreck 4;iH 
 
 Ijotlie. sleamer - :»L'i 
 
 ■' wreck .Till 
 
 Loiiic Carsnii. sdmoniT ■-*ss 
 
 Lottie Kairthlil. schiHiuer. wreck i;« 
 
 Lttnika. bark, wreck .V.i 
 
 Louis. sclHMtner :Vili 
 
 Louis ots.-n. steamer ;«i. i:i( 
 
 Louisa. scb(Miti<-r . lot 
 
 Louisa Ihiwiis. selnMiuer. w reek ITu 
 
 Loui-u Morrisnn. schiHiner liWl 
 
 Liiiiisi'. sii-iine-r ;trl7 
 
 LiMiis.'. St ■:iioiT ;w.' 
 
 Louise. Alaska strainer — ;i."iH 
 
 Louise \'au;.'bii. sieain'T.. .'fcVi 
 
 Loxe.riipt. Kreil H 1S4 
 
 I-ovejov.i'apI. II. II 7K 
 
 Low, Cap' •'l'a''l''f* H I'.'l 
 
 Lower Krast-r Kiver 'rraTisp«irtatlon C.i.. . . |ip,» 
 
 Loval K.IIswortli. steanirr I;t0, 147 
 
 Lubbni-U.Capt. H. S 73 
 
 Lui-is ship, wreck 7h 
 
 Lueia Mast in. steamer :>>7 
 
 Luekiaimtif Cliii'f. sleamer wtui 
 
 Lucy, sti-uini'r :a»0 
 
 Lurv. stfiillK r ;i">K 
 
 Lucy Ann. brit; pkl 
 
 Lucy L. Hale, bark To 
 
 I^ncy Low. steamer, wn-ok 4oo 
 
 Lnella. siranier •*tVj 
 
 Lui'llu. schiMiner, wrck ... Ihii 
 
 Luku. selnHUier •.tW 
 
 Lulu, sleamer 3ll7 
 
 LumlMT Charter Hall H. IH73 ','lii 
 
 Lupalla. bark ^.iw 
 
 " wreck -Jsii 
 
 I..urline. steamer iSi) 
 
 Lux. Henry ;tOH 
 
 L.vdia. brlK lu 
 
 Lydia Thoinjisou, steamer 4iKi 
 
 Lynuiu I). Foster, schisicer 4U3 
 
 Lyra, brltf Hi 
 
 M. M. Morrill, schooner ...414 
 
 Macdonald. .lohn — iVi 
 
 MaehiKone, Mi-lUHUier. wreck 4ii 
 
 Mackenzie. Capt. I) xa 
 
 Maekte. Peler AH 
 
 Maekiintw. steamship 4d:t 
 
 .Mad^'e. sleunuT ;W 
 
 Madi^ati. Heiijamin Mo 
 
 Madonna, bark "-'1.77 
 
 Madras, steamship :t»i. ;*iO 
 
 MuKellan. Francis i 
 
 Mairj:ie H, Yarm. sleumer. 3011 
 
 Ma^-'trie Mae. sch'Mint'r 4itt 
 
 PA(1K 
 
 Ma«tfle Mac. wn-ck 43M 
 
 .Ma^Kle Itoss, steamship, wreek .1M 
 
 Matfic, iu»f 4(Nt 
 
 Maunet, Hh-umer iMO 
 
 Maher. Willlum.r mi 
 
 Maid of un-unn, sleamer HHb 
 
 Maini>. whalhm ship, wnu'k M 
 
 Mull land, W K mi 
 
 Majestic, ship Ml 
 
 Major Iteildlmr. steamer .W 
 
 Major Thompklns. sleumer W 
 
 •• wreck ,. M> 
 
 Mukah. barkenline ,1ii 
 
 " wreck mi 
 
 Mallevllle. bark, wreek ail 
 
 Mallory.bark 47, fli 
 
 Miilolo, scho«»iier rtti 
 
 Mamie, sleamer.. 34-1.414 
 
 Mamhesier, ship Ill 
 
 Mannie. K. N IW 
 
 Manuel Mouil, shit ... 711 
 
 Man/anil lo. sieanirr 'JHft 
 
 Mau/anlta. r. S. sleamer .SfW 
 
 Marcella. sleamer m 
 
 Marchaiit. <'apt. Ueortfe IA5 
 
 Margaret, ship (t 
 
 Mar^arei. ('. s. Kch(H)Der, wreck W!( 
 
 Matyey, steamer .'tsHi. .170 
 
 Maria, steamer Vi, liM 
 
 Murla. sleamer 34H 
 
 Maria K. Smith. selHsmer !J8H 
 
 Maria ti Haaven. sli'amer .KIH 
 
 Maria .1 Smith, bark, wreck IWI 
 
 .Maria Wllkins, steami-r 411 
 
 Marie, brijf. wreck 4S 
 
 Marlon, sleamer 391 
 
 Marion, steamer .105 
 
 Marion, sleamer. wreck .'ftlft 
 
 .Marine KnMiiieersWHKoi'lalion .115 
 
 Marmlon, ship 105 
 
 •' wr.-ck •J7a 
 
 Marshall.. lohn 50 
 
 Marshall. W. H «M 
 
 .Marsillloi. M. (J 'Sn 
 
 Marh-n. steamer US. 170 
 
 .Martha Ui.leiuit. bark, wn-ck 315 
 
 Marl In White, sleamer 711, 74 
 
 Mary, bark . 105 
 
 Mary. ship Ii 
 
 Mary, steamer 51 
 
 Murv. steamer lOT 
 
 Mary A Head. brl« 100 
 
 Marv and Susan, bark, wreck .101 
 
 Mar\ Mell. steamer IT? 
 
 Mary l> Hume, steamer 'J55. -.>K1 
 
 Marv Dare, bark y| 
 
 Mary Kllen. schiK)ner 4'*>7 
 
 Mary F. I'erlev. steamer :i57 
 
 Mary F. Slade. bark, wreck IHI 
 
 \Lirv f'ilberi. schiH>ner. WH'ck I'Jii 
 
 .Mary <: lover, ship Iitt 
 
 Mary Hall. steamer .HW 
 
 Marv Hari'.sii'unier 4ItH 
 
 .Mary Kraft, steamer 375 
 
 " tuiriied ;%(,=» 
 
 .Mary M.MMly. steamer 145. 1H3, '.fill 
 
 Marv Parker. sclnMUier iSW, 'J45 
 
 " wreck 4*J0 
 
 Mary Taylor. selnMUier 'Ht. OH 
 
 Marv Tavlor, tut.' -iTll 
 
 Mary Taylor. sclnH.ner 4!f7. 4.15 
 
 Mary \'iciorla <in>etdiow. Okaini^'un Lake 
 
 steamer :13k 
 
 .Marv Wiidileinaii. barkenline iKH 
 
 Marv WtHHirulT. steamer Il» 
 
 " beiler e.Kplosion I.^ll 
 
 Marvland. brij.' hi 
 
 Masenll. sleamer 3HII 
 
 .MascoM.'. sti-anier ;I05 
 
 MiiscMiii-. wr.'cker :I77 
 
 Masc.itii. sii-amer, burned 411 
 
 Masc'iM.-. sti-arn.-r ;«( 
 
 .Masli.r. Capi. Kre.lerick 3*^ 
 
 .Massachuseiis. 1' S- sieumship .W. h7 
 
 Massiiclnisells. ship HK) 
 
 .Maihilde. ship, wreck -JHll 
 
 MalthfW Yassar, selUHiner 47 
 
 .Malthews. Caiil, HA ^41 
 
 .Maltie Dyer, schimner. seizure I.'tt 
 
 Maite- Madeav. barU •Jill 
 
 Maud S . schonner 137 
 
 Maudf. sirauier 'jm 
 
 Maudf. sleamer IftW 
 
 .Manna Kea, hark, wreck 151 
 
 Mav I telle, sehiMUier W7 
 
 .May Daere, brlH 14 
 
 Mav Que.Mi, steamer rW 
 
 Mavllower. steamer ... ;iW» 
 
 Ma- (lower, steamer 3lHl 
 
 McAUep. Capl.I, W.. 1'*^ 
 
 .McAlIep. Capi. William J IflO 
 
 McAlmond.Capi K, H ... .... »5 
 
 .Mc.XImiPiid.Capi, Henry S7ii 
 
 McAlpini'. Capi. A. .N -m 
 
 McCall.Capi. M. 1) 'nn 
 
 McCIure. William 235 
 
 MuCoskrle,C»pt. Kdwurd 411 
 
 McCoy. Capt. hklward 871 
 
 McCoy. < 'apt .1. A. an 
 
 Mcculloch. Capt. William 07 
 
 McCully. A. A flP. IIW 
 
 Mccuiiy.i). I) m,\m 
 
 McIhTinoit, 1), A 10« 
 
 MclJonald, Alexander «)l 
 
 Mclhiujfall.Capt, William D. 4.1H 
 
 MeKneanv. Kdward IW 
 
 MciJee. Capi, .lames 177 
 
 Mc(iin..h'remlah lUI 
 
 Mel iraih. Capt. Luke 416 
 
 .MeCrejrcM*. (ienrtre ;M4 
 
 MctircKor. Capt. (Jeorge W 375 
 
 1 
 
INDEX 
 
 xvn 
 
 
 PAdK 
 
 
 4.1" 
 
 (Ok .... 
 
 aw 
 
 
 4IW 
 
 
 an 
 
 ini 
 
 
 .1W 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 aw 
 
 
 mw 
 
 
 SH 
 
 
 hi 
 
 Ml 
 
 itii 
 
 Ml 
 
 ail 
 
 47. Til 
 
 •.•7-J 
 
 
 Ill 
 
 
 IW 
 
 
 ni 
 
 
 a* 
 
 
 IW 
 
 
 im 
 
 
 1(15 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 •«! 
 
 
 :cai. .•nil 
 
 
 III. IIM 
 
 
 JMH 
 
 
 -WK 
 
 
 »« 
 
 
 IHI 
 
 
 mil 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 :wi 
 
 
 :¥Vi 
 
 
 :«a 
 
 IliD ... 
 
 31S 
 
 
 im 
 
 
 am 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 -JIM 
 
 
 «» 
 
 
 H8. 17fl 
 
 
 .11* 
 
 
 711, 74 
 
 
 ins 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 Ill 
 
 
 1117 
 
 
 inn 
 
 ch 
 
 ani 
 
 
 177 
 
 
 JKi. -JUS 
 
 
 ai 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 :i.'i- 
 
 .US. IMS. 
 
 '3W. 
 
 IIU) 
 
 
 OUltlllltrittl LilUr 
 
 lis)ill> . 
 
 .435 
 
 :i:iH 
 
 ... lilt 
 
 ... lai 
 
 ... Ill 
 
 .. ;«i 
 
 ... miTi 
 
 ... :tTT 
 
 ... 411 
 
 ... :iHii 
 ... :kj 
 ..5rt, h: 
 ... iitt 
 ... im 
 ... t: 
 ... -^41 
 ... »:vi 
 
 ... -JIM 
 
 ... i;i7 
 
 . -Jill 
 
 ... :vi-i 
 
 ... ir>i 
 
 ... \.\: 
 
 ... If 
 
 ... :«: 
 
 ... ;iH\i 
 
 ... IftHI 
 
 ... i--»-j 
 .... ifVi 
 .... [ih 
 
 .... •JT» 
 
 .... --mi 
 
 .... 2:n 
 .... -'as 
 
 .... 411 
 ... 371 
 
 ... am 
 
 .... 11* 
 
 ..«!. IIW 
 . .«1. IIW 
 .... IBH 
 .... «M 
 
 1) . 438 
 
 IW 
 17? 
 11)1 
 4)5 
 :H4 
 375 
 
 P.AtiK 
 
 Mcliityri'. Ciipi. .liimi'H It^*> 
 
 Ml'IVIT, .lltllH-H \W 
 
 Mtlvir. HfKhTlih MM 
 
 McKilv.riiiit. IIil :li 4art 
 
 Mi'Kli'I. Ciil*!. HnlHTt K 4*! 
 
 MfKliiiioii. ('it pi .Mrxuiiilcr n>f 
 
 Mi'l.i-iin.Citpl .Mi'MuiiIrr 4'.*M 
 
 Mi'Li'iin, t'lipt. IKinlrl 427 
 
 Mct.i'iin, I'lipt. I.iiut.'hliii 43'J 
 
 Mihi'<Kl, « apl . .roliil 4»H 
 
 MfLr.Hl.riipt. Williiiin.I 414 
 
 Mi'MllIiui.Ciipl. V. II :««» 
 
 Mi'Miriii\lIh*. sIciuiHT *W 
 
 McMnrris.Cupl, M A 3HM 
 
 Mr.S'i'll.Ciipl. Willfiim •■««• 
 
 Mr.S'ullv.t'upt. John 1'3 
 
 Mcl'litiidiii.riipt iNinitM .'Wl 
 
 McVlfiir. I'lipl. II. J '-Mrt 
 
 MiAVilllums.rupi. WulUT X^' 
 
 Mi>ur«'M, Lieut. .luhii 3 
 
 Meili-H, Nti'iiniKhlp .'l"" 
 
 M.'*'k. t'ol.Jns.'pli '4-! 
 
 Mi't.' Mrrrl Ill's. st-luHmcr. wivi'k HW 
 
 M.'hurTv.Williitm 'I •>l 
 
 M<-I..iu'lli(>n. ImrUriitltit' ItWt. 1ti7 
 
 Mrlilnii. si'liiH>li<T. \\n ck '-Ml 
 
 Mfiiftili'im. t'apl- Ati^riist lt>* 
 
 Mt'iiMliikofT. Imr-k ... Ini 
 
 Mi-ntor. ship I-'l 
 
 Mfn-huiits' Act'otiniiiHliiiliiii \Auv 71 
 
 MtTt'hunls" Trim siMirliit ion ('oiiipiiiiy 'Jw 
 
 Miti'IihtiIm' it KiirniiTK" Truusportutlon I'o. . 1^') 
 
 M.-n-imritnmn. britJ tW. Iiw 
 
 M( rriirv. sliit) . .. It 
 
 M»Tnmiii. srhiKnuT. .. V^ 
 
 ■' collision wiHi wimli* *W 
 
 MiTniiitti. siciinur :W1. ."Wl 
 
 Mtrrlmiii-, lujr I-,*:.'. l»ir>. IH 
 
 Mcrwin. dipt. \V. K ■-iW 
 
 McHNcui'r. ('apt. (iitir^fcl) liM 
 
 McHscnjrfT. NitMinuT -M3 
 
 " iMinii'il 4"Jii 
 
 Ml*HHl'n^M'r. Coos lltiy straiiit-r 'Jiw 
 
 " Inirin'il '■i\^ 
 
 McsscUk'iT. Cowlii/ Uivrr sIfiinuT :>s 
 
 Met 11, stt'iiniiT 35* 
 
 M«'tc<ir. srlHM)inT .'fit'-i 
 
 Mrtroiiolis. Inirlt M, tu't 
 
 Mi'xiciiu. sflnMintT — .'fi' 
 
 Mt'xii'iinii, Spunlsli triins|)orl ' 
 
 MrvtT.fiipt. William ■-•71 
 
 Micliik'un. siranxT Iflii. :UH 
 
 MirliiKiu . Nii'um si-hoonpr :i'»»l 
 
 " wri'i'U 41',' 
 
 Mlhiiiln. sliMlini-r li'tn 
 
 MiUaliala. sti-Hincr .'W» 
 
 Milan, barlt \Kt 
 
 " huriii'il «*• 
 
 Miller. I'.ipt. t:ilwaril 'Jw* 
 
 Miilt-r. Ciipi. .1. I> -^7 
 
 Miller, Sebastian 45 
 
 Mil<t IJond.selHHmiT lliM 
 
 Mllt<»n. steami-r :Wi 
 
 " hurrieil 4I'.* 
 
 Miltcm Had^-er. sclnxmer I4-J. Ill' 
 
 Milvvaukie. sieamer ',»7I 
 
 Minilora, imrk. wreck in 
 
 Miuer.Capt, K. I» 4I« 
 
 Minerva, seluMmer ;W 
 
 Mink, sii-atner :*'.» 
 
 Minnie, sflrnoucr. sei/nre 434. I3.*i 
 
 Minnie »lill. steamer :W1 
 
 Minnie Holmes, steamer 3T 
 
 Minnie M.. steamer... :istii. iflf.i 
 
 Minnie May. steamer -'13 
 
 Minnii' Miller, steamer :*'' 
 
 Mliitiehalia. s learner. Itt> 
 
 Minwera. sleumship 4ok 
 
 Mivhief. steamer ;i:cJ 
 
 Mississippi, steamsliip -.•us 
 
 " luirnetl :il',' 
 
 Missoula, sieamer. ... I4H, \Ki. --MM 
 
 Mill. scluKmer ItWl, 4-:7 
 
 Mili'liell..!. K. T m 
 
 Mitchell, ('apt. S.C ITU 
 
 Milclu'll. ('apt. \V. K -JKit 
 
 MlH■Uin^'l^inl. steamer IV-^ 
 
 M<tileste. Hritisli sltMipor-wiir "Ji 
 
 M-hIoc. i-r -JIM 
 
 Mmloc. u r ;itl5 
 
 M<m1us Vivendi 4;ttl 
 
 Mot-'ul. tun 3;W. 414 
 
 *■ rtreck 4-Jl 
 
 Mohawk. scluMUier 3l« 
 
 Mohican, r. S. steamc' 155. 17*1, !H7 
 
 Mohonj.'o. steamship -JJVt 
 
 Moilie, steamer :;ni 
 
 Mollie Adams. si'Ihhiiut 4:« 
 
 Moilie llleaker, sleailKT ;«V> 
 
 Mont!la. hritr ItVl 
 
 Monevnick, Itark IH5 
 
 Monitor, liric \M 
 
 Montana, HleaniKliip I5ii 
 
 Miuitana. hark, wreck .'tl 
 
 MouieChristo, sieamer — .'fiHi 
 
 Monterey. V. S. schooner 51 
 
 Monterey. V. S. coast derender 410 
 
 M»mlesano. sieamer •.nt4. JKVt 
 
 MoulKomery I'list le. ship . Imm. Iiim 
 
 Mnnllcello. steamer :t(ii 
 
 Monticelio .S: I'owllt/. Laiidln^' Sleamlioat 
 
 Company Ii'». Iittt 
 
 Monlst-rrat. steamship.. :t7i> 
 
 " wreck 4Hl 
 
 Moodv.«'apt. K. .1 -Jii' 
 
 Moore,.!. \V -JIH 
 
 MiHin-. Capl. William H-J 
 
 Moore. Capl. William H 415 
 
 MfKis.Capt. Nels 4'JH 
 
 Morau. I'airick 5h 
 
 Morehouse, Capt. (icorjre F -414 
 
 i'ai;k 
 
 Murj-an. Kvan 34H 
 
 Mort'an, Cupt. Henry Ii»3 
 
 Mon.'iiii, Capl. .laiiieH '.*iH 
 
 Mori.'au.Capl. M. () 3-31 
 
 Mnniinu' (;h.ry. slilp Wi 
 
 Miiriiiiii: Star, harl* *.*•,' 
 
 ■• wreck 'J7 
 
 Morning Star. schiNitier 5W.7h.ihi 
 
 " wreck 117 
 
 Mnro, HleamiT 34»* 
 
 Moro. gasoline hcIkmiikt 4'Jit 
 
 Morris, steamer 3li",* 
 
 Morrison. Capl. Man imi 
 
 Most's Taylor, sii'iuiishtp 17m 
 
 Moses 'I'liner. sclioiiuer. W 
 
 Molt, Klljali i;W 
 
 Moiiiiit.Capi, William -Jl 
 
 .Mount V'lrniui. ship 23 
 
 Mountain Muck, steamer .. 05 
 
 .Mountain Muck, steamer. .'LVi 
 
 Mountain. Capt. TlKunas in 
 
 Mounlain t^ueen. 'steamer il'.i. vIKJ 
 
 Mnuutuitieer. steamer :*w 
 
 Mouninu't. Capl. KuhiTt M ■,'l.'i 
 
 Mud Men. steamer -.tui 
 
 Mudl-'e.S. W •Jl»7 
 
 Multnomah, steamer ... :tl 
 
 Mulluouuih, steamer ;fcfl> 
 
 Mumfonl. steamer - 14H. UW 
 
 .Muiiirer. .\lltert M -iitt 
 
 Mutir.H-.Capt W. K -.Jlit 
 
 Munsie. William 4-,»H 
 
 Munsnn. (->-il S WW 
 
 Mnusnu. Capt. ,1. I) UVi 
 
 Muriel, steamer 341 
 
 Murniv. Capt. A lexnnder .Sinclair .TI 
 
 Murray. It. .1 ... 3;i7 
 
 Murray. William toj 
 
 Must ant-', hark, wrecit 151 
 
 .Muiine. H. M. S IILS 
 
 Myrtle, steamer •,•74 
 
 Mystery, sti-anicr 377 
 
 Mystic, sieamer ;flN) 
 
 " wrt'ck ii-i 
 
 S. S. Men t ley. steamer .I'ft 
 
 Nalioli. hark, wreck -jitl 
 
 Nahumkea;.'. Iiark 47 
 
 " wreck PW 
 
 N'akusp. steamer |'J-,» 
 
 Namiimo. scluHPiier, wreck litK 
 
 N'analmu. hark :iiti 
 
 Namiimo Packet, sclnMincr 7h. ill, pw 
 
 Nanette, hark. wrecU H7 
 
 Xarramissie. Iiark PJI, pitl 
 
 Nassau, schoiuicr, wreck 13 
 
 Nell, steamer 314 
 
 Nellie, steamer '^13 
 
 Nellie, steamer •,',"».'{ 
 
 Nellie, sieamer tlH? 
 
 Nellie, steamer, wreck .'fil5 
 
 Nellie McCreary. steamer ;fr5 
 
 Nellie Mav. hark, wreck ;W1 
 
 Nellie Merrill, liarlu-ntine 113 
 
 NeNiui. steamer ;6i| 
 
 Nelson. Capt. A... 144 
 
 Ni-Ni.u. Ciipt. John K an 
 
 NeNun. William J ai7 
 
 Neptune. steamer -J?!! 
 
 " burned :i?s 
 
 Nesior. bark \m 
 
 Nellie H.. steamer ;i7r> 
 
 Ne\a. Itussian ship it 
 
 .Nevada, sclii Miner 7(| 
 
 New Uacket. sleaimT 'M\ 
 
 Newbern. steal iship, urecli 4iii 
 
 Neubv. Capt. J .|iu 3III 
 
 Nevvhall. l-'raiik H 3|H 
 
 NewiMirt. steamship it\i 
 
 Newport Traiispnrtatifiu Company ins 
 
 New Teiiirio. siiaiiier i'Hi 
 
 New Westmiii-vler. si'-ainer vliM 
 
 New World, sti'iimer i-.M. |i;5 
 
 New World, bark in 
 
 New S'orli. steamer .... ,3-Jl 
 
 Nez I'eree Chief, steamer Ii:>. IW, 1117 
 
 Nihbe, Capt. Jolui 11 :t('rfl 
 
 Nicholas Middle, ship ... p\5 
 
 Nichols. Ciipl. Melville 374 
 
 Nicholson. Kenneth •J7h 
 
 .Niehaum. ('aiii. (ir.stav , i.vi 
 
 Niemau. William li '*H-i 
 
 Nii-'hiiutrale. ship ||>i 
 
 Nimlius, shi|). wreck iMI 
 
 NimriMl. sl.'amer ;«( 
 
 No Wonder, steamer :M\i\ 
 
 Nonpareil, bri^' (ii 
 
 Nonpiireil. schonucr Pit 
 
 NoolUa. snow ;i 
 
 Nora Hai-Uins, sehiHMier. wreck 4|k 
 
 Nornui. steamer ;>M. i*j;i 
 
 .Vormaii Morrison, ship ,"{■,', 40 
 
 Nortii May, steamer l+irt 
 
 " burned 37:i 
 
 North Mend, barken line iVi 
 
 North I'aeitic. steamer IKit, 4i-j 
 
 North I»aci1tcTraiisi>ortationCo, .1511. 1.17. 17m. -Jc,' 
 
 North Star, iirit.' |«7 
 
 North Star, brijr. wn-ck ;i.M 
 
 Northern Chief. steani'T :nVi 
 
 .Nortliern r'.ai-'le, ship. iHirned \m 
 
 Northern Li^'ht. scliooiier. wreck Intl 
 
 Northerner, steamship ;i 
 
 " wrecit 115 
 
 Ncu'tliwest. steamer '£*i 
 
 Northwest, steamer :itW 
 
 Northwi'st ,\merica. schooner | 
 
 Norih western Steamship i'ompany lit 
 
 Norton. < 'apt. Mark ' -^'ik 
 
 Norton, l^apt. /. C -ii 
 
 PAtiK 
 Norway, schooner wreck A'Hi 
 
 NnVellv. im.' ;«l 
 
 Noveliv. sch.M.ner 330 
 
 Noyes. Capl. Cyrus M HW 
 
 Novo, schooner, wreck Ifll 
 
 Nujft'nt. r'apt. JameH 'Jini 
 
 (). ^t C, 1(. K, No ■,'. steanuT "JHlt 
 
 (>. ({..steamer .'«« 
 
 Oak Mill. Itark Irt5 
 
 Oakland, hark UVt 
 
 Oheron. bark 31W 
 
 irMrlen.f'apl. John A 4iilt 
 
 o-Ci.in. ship H 
 
 Occiilent. bark IH7 
 
 •■ wreck IHH 
 
 Oceidenl. steamer 231 
 
 Occident, steamer 375 
 
 Occident, steamer ;«t 
 
 Occident, steamer :««! 
 
 Ocean llelle. sclhMiner i:t5 
 
 Ocean Mird. hark *JI, 4H. 7(1 
 
 •' wreck Km 
 
 Oceun Kim.', ship, wreck ."Wi 
 
 Ocean Spray, tiark 1115 
 
 Ocean Spray, selnMHuT 'J 15 
 
 Ocean Wave, steamer ;tH7 
 
 Oceania \'ance. sclioouer IW 
 
 Ockiahama. sieamer -'.■ft' 
 
 0)-tavla. steamer ."t^M 
 
 Octavo, steamer ;t4rt 
 
 Odel. Isaac 158 
 
 Odin. Capt. Frank 'ii* 
 
 Odin. Capt. C.eorKe ail» 
 
 OI1l<-erso]i middleaiul upt^fTt-ulumbla Kiver ^^iii 
 
 O'Hara. Charles vIH-J 
 
 Ohio, steamer 'iVi 
 
 Okatio^'au. steamer imi. 1(i7 
 
 Okanogan, steauier Xtii 
 
 Old Seltler. sieamer vtW 
 
 O'Learv.Capt. William 4*-»K 
 
 Oliva Schult/e, schiMiner, wreck '-'NI 
 
 Oliver Coutts, bark, wreck 1711 
 
 Oliver. Capt. J. \. .. 173 
 
 Oliver. Joseph M 4lf.J 
 
 Oliver Wolcoll. V. S. revenue culler. •JIM 
 
 OIney, Capt. Hiram J ;W( 
 
 OInev.Capt. Kane '£vi 
 
 Olsen. Capl. Chris 3lrt 
 
 Olsen. Capt. John M .'(55 
 
 oivmpla. sieamer . 17l,*Jtll 
 
 Olympian, steamer 3ltl. 3|tl. .*W5 
 
 oivmpns. ship -^71 
 
 " huriu'd v1«» 
 
 (tnn-ya, harkeiiline 414 
 
 Ona. steam sclnHmer '-115 
 
 " wreck 313 
 
 O'Neal, J. A .*«U 
 
 Oneatta. steamer -JiH 
 
 o'Neil. Itaniel -At 
 
 O Neil. Michael IM 
 
 Onecuita, steann-r 115, iKl 
 
 Ontario. C S. shmp of -war I'J 
 
 Ontario. scIumuut. wreck ■,*;*t 
 
 Onward, bark 1115. I Til 
 
 ■' w reck "Jlrt 
 
 Onward, schooner 4',*7 
 
 " sei/uH' 4--»H 
 
 Onward, steamer 7H 
 
 Onward, steamer PHI. -JlH 
 
 Onward. Mritisli steamer I4(i 
 
 Oracle, ship 7ll 
 
 orl)it. brit-' 25,58 
 
 ( ireiron. schooner ai 
 
 Orei-'ou. steamer ,'17 
 
 Orei:ou. steamship (H), I7H 
 
 Oreuon. steamship -.'tlH 
 
 ■• Clan McKeii/ie collision ;17:1 
 
 Oreiron Sti-amsiiip Companv ISWi. iM 
 
 Oreu'tui .V Calitiunia Hailroad 1H7 
 
 Orei-'oii \ California Packet Line *17 
 
 Ore^'ou \ Montana TransportaiiouCompiinv 145 
 Ore;:<in Railway \ Nu\ i;.'alinn C(im|>aiiy .-.W. •,'K4 
 
 Oregon Shipliuitdiri;,' Company ','15 
 
 tb-eirnn Steam Na\ii:atiou Company ..IHI. Iim, 171 
 Ore^'oiiian. scluHiuer IIW 
 
 " wreck AW 
 
 Orii'Ul. brlK ItVl 
 
 Orient, steamer •£i\ 
 
 " burned 4551 
 
 Oriental, hriir ;fit 
 
 (h-lenial Steamship Liiu' I'Ji 
 
 Orillanune. steamship Init 
 
 Orilo, steamer :*I5 
 
 Orioh'.bark. wreck 4lt 
 
 Ori/atia. steamship tin. 137. iM, 2K1 
 
 Ork. bark 37, HI. 77. Ill3 
 
 Orpheus, ship, wreck -^^7 
 
 Ortolan, schooner .'W, tM» 
 
 Oscar and Hat tie, schooner 432 
 
 " seizure 441 
 
 Osi la. sclioouer 7it 
 
 Osmvu. hark 17M 
 
 ■• wreck 2m 
 
 Osprey. schoimer 7n 
 
 Oswei:o. sieauu-r ;«ih 
 
 O!ai:o. harU. wreck. — :»Ml 
 
 otter, ship It 
 
 Otter. Mudst Ill's May Cmnpanv sieamer Ml 
 
 oit.T. Willameite Ulver steamer 215. •£» 
 
 " wreck :iK\ 
 
 t)t to, schooner 437 
 
 Owen Capt. W. !» 4112 
 
 Owyhee, hnn 13 
 
 Owyliei'. steamer 121 
 
 P. M. Weare. steamer. 
 P W W . steauar 
 
 .'flttl 
 
xviii 
 
 i»A';k 
 Pucitlo, Hohoonor \A'i. IM 
 
 " wri'i^k '■i'^i 
 
 Pufltlo, Nl.'unishlp th>, nil 
 
 " wpt'i'k '-WS 
 
 l*urltliT CuiiHt Hti'umHliip Cumniiuy ^M 
 
 Purlrii' Sli)i)i'. NtiunuT W^ 
 
 PiilfHttue, Hlilp, wreck 3W 
 
 I'uloN, briK, wreck Ml 
 
 PiilniUH, HtruniHhlu -H*-*! 
 
 Pulimttto, burk HW. 14U 
 
 Funiphlft, Cupt. Thniuus i^* 
 
 Hunuiim. Hti'tnuHlilp W 
 
 Puudom. H.M.S 'M.ti 
 
 PumioniH, wcbwmi^r 'A'I7 
 
 Piinttm. I'upt . Jobn :*13 
 
 l*tuillH'r. ship, wreck "' 
 
 Pup*'. Ht'iiry 5W*1 
 
 ParuUi'l, Hrb(H)Our I*W 
 
 " wrt-ck itfil 
 
 Piiriiuii. Diivlil Hift 
 
 Parker, lupl. (J. H '-.•13 
 
 Parker, dipt. HerlKTt 'V*7 
 
 PurkiT. Capl. .1. (J W 
 
 PurkurnburK. sehtMrner 1*1 1 
 
 I'urthiu. HteaniHlilp '^i-^ 
 
 PUHNUtC, 81'hoouor ■ ••*' 
 
 Piiterson. Jobu '-f?! 
 
 Putbtlmior. brig '^^^ 
 
 Pttthlluder, sehuouer -ft'-'l 
 
 Putblluiler. Huhiwner ■*<** 
 
 " seizure 434, U-i 
 
 Piitou, Vupl. CieorK« 'J"l 
 
 Patterson. F W SHI 
 
 Patterson, ('apt. James (* 317 
 
 Pultersou, t^apt. Willlaui *W 
 
 Puttersnu. *'»pt. \V. H '^^ 
 
 Puxton. C'apl. Henry ^^^ 
 
 Peui'oek. rnited States nlutip, wreck lit 
 
 Pearee, TImmas U'3 
 
 Pearle. ship 1 1 
 
 Pearle, sleamer -tW 
 
 IV'UKe, ('apt. Archie L 'Sri 
 
 Pease, L'apt. (.Jeorge *-!7 
 
 Pedlar, briK V-i 
 
 Peerless, steamer '-iT". -"W** 
 
 Peerless, schixiiier ■ *-'•^• 
 
 Pelican, steamship IW^ 
 
 Pelicauo. ship, wreck A'*' 
 
 Penelope, schiwuer ■**) 
 
 Peuhallow, ('apt. L). H. P "-Wl 
 
 Penticlon. steamer 3*7 
 
 Pettple's Pnitective 'I'ransimrtation Co i*0* 
 
 People's Line. Columbia Ulver steamers — inT 
 
 People's Steam NiiviKation Compauy M-i'l 
 
 People's TrunsiMirlatlon Compiwiy H*** 
 
 People's Transpt)rtatloQ Company '^Kt 
 
 I'ereKrlne, schiHJuer 4H 
 
 Perez. Juan 3 
 
 Perils or seal buntiuK 4hi. 4,'>;i 
 
 PeriMUua, l)ritf bWl 
 
 '• wreck '-iM 
 
 PerriuK. N. (J :>14 
 
 Perry. J. V. U :«»;i 
 
 I'ersevere. brig 'W 
 
 " wreck I"5 
 
 Pet rie, Charles :iM 
 
 Petonia, steamer 44 
 
 PeytoDia. steamship 44. 4,=i. W 
 
 Pfeil, lirij:. wreck IHii 
 
 Phantom, schooner, wreck TH 
 
 Pbatitora, steamer 174. lH:.*. .'K« 
 
 Phil Sheriihin. sdujouer. wreck :.fV4 
 
 Phd'be Fay. schooner, wreck 314 
 
 Phra Nan^', steamship 4iW 
 
 Pieilmnnl. Iirij,'antine iH 
 
 I»io Hcnito. .schooner •«». vvn 
 
 [*lon<'er. sehiKiner 3^'.^. t"Jrt 
 
 Pioneer, sleamer. I"i*>. 1"-^* 
 
 Pioneer, t ujf -Afi, :t»tl 
 
 Pillsbury. Capt. A. I* H>4 
 
 I'ilot , t UK '-*^". i^'i, ;«» 
 
 Pilot's Uride, sloop, wreck :.»lin 
 
 Pilot IJoal No. 7 4i« 
 
 Planter, barkentine ."{.'W 
 
 Planter, sleamer 3i'7 
 
 Planter, steamer 3lo 
 
 Plaskett.P. I.. 3I--* 
 
 F*liMailes. schooner 3'J 
 
 Plumper. H. M. H H7 
 
 I'oiDt Arena, sleamer JftH 
 
 Point Loma. steausliip .'t5ti 
 
 J*olar Hear, sleamer X^ 
 
 Polaris, steamer .'Wi 
 
 I'olemaun, ('apt. K "Jit* 
 
 INilitkofskv, steamer IftO HH 
 
 Polly, ship in 
 
 Pomare, bark, wreck 3lf> 
 
 IVmtiac, schooner Hi» 
 
 l»ope. Capt. Charles W 117 
 
 I»ope. Cupl. \V. H :WSI 
 
 Porpoise, schooner I7rt 
 
 Port AuKusla, steamship .'tl3 
 
 Port Cordon, ship, wreck 373 
 
 Port Suisuu. steamship ;*f7 
 
 Port Victor, steamship 343 
 
 Porter. T.A ■Jrt7 
 
 Portland, barkeutiue am 
 
 Portland, steamer 44 
 
 " wreck rt7 
 
 [*ortland, steamer •■.^'^;^ 
 
 Portland, steamship .'W7 
 
 Portland No. 1. steamer VMS 
 
 Portland & Coast Steamsbip('ompany .'147 
 
 Portlanil Tuj.' Ciimpany !W.i 
 
 Porthck. Capt. Nathaniel 3 
 
 Portsmoulh. U.H. slmtp :.M 
 
 Potomac, brijr Mt 
 
 Potter, schooner !(», I7K 
 
 Powers, Kdward J .'tVi 
 
 l*remier, schooDer *J4ri 
 
 " wreck 'AH 
 
 INDBX 
 
 PAUK 
 
 Premier, Nteiimur HM 
 
 •■ coliiHifin 4ifi 
 
 PrevoHl. Admiral James tV4 
 
 Prico, Cant. Frank 'An\ 
 
 Prince Alfred, sleamer I'-*' 
 
 Prince Alfred, steamship U'H 
 
 " wreck t»i 
 
 Prince Le IJ«ki. brlK ^\ 
 
 Prince of Wales, ship I 
 
 Prince of Wales, sleamer I'Ji), IIV> 
 
 Princesu, Spanish bri^ 7 
 
 Prlucess, steamer 3511 
 
 Princess Ijouise. steamer v'7l 
 
 Pritu'ess Louise. Jr., steamer it7l 
 
 Princess Iteal. Hpuiilsh briK rt 
 
 Princess Itoyul. shin 1 
 
 Princess Uoyal, bark 77 
 
 Print er, U\n. ;«tt 
 
 Projfn-ss. steamer JKH* 
 
 Proifressist. turret HluuniMblp 4!W 
 
 ProsiM'ct. steamer f*Ki 
 
 Prosper. scluMiner '.W 
 
 Pu^el Sound A: Alaska SleamshlpCo .'HVl 
 
 PuKet Hounil and Hrillsh Columbia coal 
 
 and lumber Meet. IHM 4M 
 
 PuKct Soumrs llrst arnhx car^o. ii4ti 
 
 " ((rain tleet, IMW M* 
 
 " K'rain Meet. IHtO :Wl 
 
 " Inspecilon District ht3 
 
 " lumber lieel. IH77 dM 
 
 ■• lumber fleet, IHHi) :*MI 
 
 '■ lumlHT Meet, IKK) IWI 
 
 " lumber fleet. IHiiS 41b 
 
 '■ marine business. l«f,» ;«W, .S»7, :WH 
 
 " sti'iiniers and nnites. lK7rt :|44 
 
 Puj.'1't Sound Steam N'avitfathm Company .. Ili3 
 
 Pu^et Somid Transport al ion Company 343 
 
 Pu^et SiHuid Tujfboal Company ;W5 
 
 Puritan, steamer 347 
 
 Puritan, schixiuer IVA* 
 
 '< seizure 4411 
 
 (iuaddy Mi-lle. lirltf «l> 
 
 (Quadra. llmleKa 3 
 
 tiuadra. steamship.... «W 
 
 (iuiulratus. briff .*t7 
 
 (jueen. steamer 4tK 
 
 " iMiiter explosion 4*Jtl 
 
 Queen, steamer 4UI 
 
 (^ueen Charlotte, ship 3 
 
 (iueeiiCity. 1ii»; ;««( 
 
 (iueen of the Hay, steamer, wreck X** 
 
 Queen of the Jsle.sclKKmer tW 
 
 (Jueen of the Pacitlc, steamship cm. 315 
 
 (Juenell. Ktlward Vitt 
 
 (iuickslep, barkentine 345 
 
 (Quickstep, steamer -ft-,', ;«I7 
 
 (iuimper. Capt. Manuel ri 
 
 (iuinaut. steamer :V15 
 
 (iuinia, steamship 3K1 
 
 U. Miler, steamer ;t«' 
 
 U. Passenj,'er, bark liH 
 
 H. H. Pot ter. schiMmer hi 
 
 H. C. Youn^^ steamer 4(i«i 
 
 U. K. Ham. tmrk. wri'ck 4'Ji 
 
 U. P. Klniori'. steamer ;MI 
 
 U. P, Hi I bet. sleamer ■JSI7 
 
 II. K. Thompson, sit-anier 357. 3if,' 
 
 Itaulie, Capt. (iettr^o isi 
 
 Kaldinni. tiiK 13H, 147 
 
 Haccoon, Hrltish shMip-of war 13 
 
 UaeUliff. Capt. Wtlilam K lii 
 
 HainlMiw. steamer ;«4. ;i44 
 
 Kalnier. bark Irt7 
 
 Rainier, steamer \W 
 
 Hainier. stfiniier 34ti 
 
 Kalph .1. Loll^^ schooner ;iili 
 
 Kanibler. schtMmer 5H 
 
 " wreck Wt 
 
 Itamona. steamer 4iiii 
 
 Kamsey. Capl. James |73 
 
 Uaudall. Capt. Samuel H ;V>7 
 
 HaU'lolph. Capt. Simon :tlt7 
 
 Itandolph. Capt. T. H ;*i7 
 
 Hanger. luj: — 3*5 
 
 Kant'er. sleamer 73 
 
 Uan^^'er. steami'r 14(1 
 
 " burned 17tl 
 
 Uanj-'er No. 3. sieanuT 74 
 
 UapiaTniusii. sleamer "Wli 
 
 Uaihbone.(;apt. K.J 3H5 
 
 Rattler, steamer .lit. .'Wi 
 
 Rebecca. sclUK)n(T 115 
 
 Rebecca, ship HW 
 
 Rebecca ('.. steamer ;iW 
 
 Recovery. briK 41 
 
 Recovery, schtKiuer 58 
 
 Red Jacket, steamer 3:H 
 
 Reil Star, steamer Ml mi, 433 
 
 Reed. Capt. CJranville IH7 
 
 Reed, Huns 3IM 
 
 Reed.Capt. J. C . 3.'i5 
 
 Reed, Capl. James M. 4U 
 
 Reeves. S.C 'ii 
 
 HeKulator, steamer 3H7 
 
 Reichmann, Capt. (Justav 3rt7 
 
 Reimleer, bark, wreck 43il 
 
 Reindeer, bri^ 37 
 
 Reindeer, schiMiuer 5H 
 
 Reliance, steamer. Ill 
 
 Rella;iee. steamer l'.iH 
 
 Reliance, steamer 344 
 
 Relic, steamer 3hH 
 
 Relief, steamer 75 
 
 Remus, steamship 37U 
 
 Rentou, William Ifiln 
 
 Reporter >^ ..tHJuer Hi) 
 
 I'AiiK 
 
 Ke|iorler. Nehnonor iMA 
 
 Republic, steamship M 
 
 Rescue, steamer I;n, IJM 
 
 Itesi'iii', steamer 37ft 
 
 Rescue. sclXHiner SWS 
 
 Restdnte. Pu^el Sound steamer 71 
 
 ■' iNdler explosion IW 
 
 R.'Hohite. Willamette RIvetMleumer IHft 
 
 ■' iMiller explosion 419 
 
 Resolute. inK JM6 
 
 KeslleMs. selKHmer . .... MM 
 
 Rest less, sleamer iBM 
 
 Reslless, sleamer 3IH 
 
 Restless, slei-mer tWi 
 
 Retriever, bark HW 
 
 Retriever, barkentine KHH 
 
 Revere. Iiark IH5 
 
 ■' wn-ck 314 
 
 Revolutlcm.ship 3 
 
 Reynohls, Capl. K.tlwanl II H7 
 
 Ri>vnotds, Capl. (ii><ir^'e ititi 
 
 Rtchiird Holyoke. tuK 3M 
 
 Richard Rush, l', S revenue cutler 3311 
 
 Rlchanlson.Cupt, Charh's 314 
 
 Rlcli.;rdson. Robert .Hft 
 
 Ricka lis. Albert 33H 
 
 RIdille. Capl. Alex C !M3 
 
 Rival, bark lift, Ifl5 
 
 " wreck 3HU 
 
 Rival, steamer W. .%ft 
 
 Rip Van Winkle, steamer 353, 3HH 
 
 Roanoke, brlw. wreck 411 
 
 Rob Roy. shin 14 
 
 Robert and Minnie. sclHHiuer 34ft 
 
 Robert Ifciwen. brij.' :« 
 
 Robert Hurton, ship 4H 
 
 Robert Cowan. briK 1*13 
 
 Robert Unnsmuir. steamer 3lift. .153 
 
 Robert (i. Intfersoli. steamer :«>H 
 
 Roberl Lewers. schixmer .%H* 
 
 Robert Lowe, steamship 13l> 
 
 Roberl Lincoln, steamer 3K7 
 
 RolMTt Searles, sclnHUjer .'W 
 
 Robert Sudden, Imrkentintt 3111 
 
 Roberts. Capt. (Jeortre iiU 
 
 RolMTis, Capt. John 4117 
 
 Roberts. Cupt. Manli'y .StW 
 
 Robertson. Capt. James ;ilft 
 
 Robertson. Capt. <ieorK«* W :«! 
 
 Roberlson, John 173 
 
 Roblnsim. Capl. Davitl IM 
 
 Robinson. Richards :fit7 
 
 R<Mlj:ers, r. S, sleamer. burned 3l<il 
 
 RiM'der. Capl. Henry M 
 
 Rotrers. Capt. N. L 174 
 
 Rtiners. Capt. William »B 
 
 Rosa, steamer 35H 
 
 Rosalind. scho4)ner 310 
 
 " wreck .'WI 
 
 llosiiUe, steamer 414 
 
 Rosalie, bark, wreck IW 
 
 Rosaiihia. schooner Hii 
 
 RoM'. steanitT 3111) 
 
 Rose, steamer IHI 
 
 Rose. Menjamtn V IKI 
 
 Rose Newman. schiHHier 1311 
 
 Rose Perry. scluMMU'r, wreck 3113 
 
 Rose of LaiiKley. scluxmer. wreck INI 
 
 Rosetta. steamer 3ft3 
 
 Rosie (Msen. steamer XHi 
 
 Rosie Olsen. schiK)n<'r. wreck 4.i3 
 
 Roswell Spra^ue, bark. burne<l ;«I3 
 
 Rover, ship » 
 
 Rowena. steamer .S3I» 
 
 Royal Charlie, sehoimer H8 
 
 Royal City, sleamer.. . 
 Rubicon, schoorn-r . ... 
 
 Rviby. st<'amer 
 
 Rlldlln. Cai>t. CeorKC. 
 
 Rush, steamer 
 
 Rustlt-r, steamer 
 
 Rustler, steamer 
 
 Rustler, steamer . 
 
 141 
 
 3;n 
 
 MM 
 
 ttui 
 
 1311 
 31'4 
 
 :tw 
 
 AiH 
 
 Rvisller. sclHHiner 311 
 
 " wreck ;«ill, 4:*! 
 
 Ryder, Capl. Cyrus ;)l(I 
 
 S. (i. Reed, steamer 
 
 S. li. WUtler. barkentine. . 
 
 S. H. Merrill, sclmoner 
 
 S. L. Masiick. tuir 
 
 S. N. Castle, barkentine . . . 
 
 S. R. Jackson, brijf 
 
 S. S. Hailey. scluH»ni'r 
 
 S. T. Church, steamer 
 
 Sablna, schiMUier 
 
 Subiua, sclHMiner, wreck ... 
 Sabistou, Capl. J(»hu. .... 
 
 Sttbiston, Capl. Johu, Jr 
 
 Sadie Turpel. schminer. . . . 
 
 Sailing licet, IHKi 
 
 Sail(»r Moy. sch<*oner 
 
 Sakana. steamer 
 
 Sahimander. H. M. 8 
 
 Salem, sleamer 
 
 Salem, steamer 
 
 Salisbury, ship, wn'ck 
 
 Sally Hrowu, bark 
 
 Salmond, Capl. Colin 
 
 Sam, sleamer 
 
 Sam Merrill, bark 
 
 Samosei. ship 
 
 Samosei. iiark 
 
 Sampson. H. .M. S 
 
 Sampson, bark 
 
 Samuel Roberts, schooner . 
 San Carlos. Spanish briK ■• 
 
 San DicKo. sclntoner 
 
 San Jose, scliuouer 
 
 35H 
 
 :hii 
 
 I7H 
 . 3111 
 
 :»i 
 
 1117 
 
 . 3:> 
 
 34 
 34»1 
 4(1 
 
 :t3ft 
 
 4,SH 
 3111 
 311 
 
 . 3lt5 
 
 31 
 
 374 
 
 , 3H7 
 
 , IVAt 
 
 1H7 
 
 ;«Ki 
 
 , ItW 
 . llVi 
 , 33(1 
 
 \M 
 
 . :« 
 
 437 
 
 . 4dN 
 
 'I 
 
INDEX 
 
 I'ACIK 
 .. lUA 
 
 ... la 
 im, \m 
 
 .... sm 
 ... «» 
 
 .... 71 
 .... IIW 
 
 . ... im 
 .... «« 
 
 .... .SM 
 
 .... IIM 
 
 .... «H 
 
 .... XtH 
 
 .... .<«W 
 
 .... iin 
 .... ftm 
 .... ii» 
 .... an 
 . . . . .1 
 .... «; 
 
 .... !tl!> 
 
 .... aM 
 .... xti 
 
 .... .HH 
 .... .•«« 
 . . . XW 
 .... •»« 
 
 iia, im 
 
 .... -im 
 
 . 9i. »M 
 
 .... 4V 
 .... M 
 ... -.MS 
 
 .... :« 
 
 .... 4K 
 
 .... Itt« 
 
 .IK. .IM 
 
 .... am 
 .... :«i 
 .... lai 
 
 .... -JKl 
 ... .'HI 
 .... !«« 
 
 .... .tu 
 .... *rr 
 ... am 
 ... .«.'> 
 .... ;e>i 
 .... IN 
 .... IM 
 .... !W 
 
 Ml 
 
 ... M 
 .... 174 
 .... IB 
 
 SOU 
 
 .Sill 
 
 :«i 
 
 4U 
 
 IWI 
 
 nil 
 
 -JKl 
 
 mi 
 
 nil 
 
 lai 
 
 aw 
 
 Ml 
 
 '.'.'.'.'. xa 
 J.Vi 
 
 .'.'.'..' V 
 
 XII 
 
 HI* 
 
 U4 
 
 sn 
 
 KM 
 
 IWI 
 
 lai 
 
 :«i 
 
 ■.1'4 
 
 '.'.'.'.'. MH 
 
 .Sll 
 
 . xai. 4:ti 
 . ... ;«ii 
 
 iw 
 
 .-1411 
 
 . . . i?ti 
 
 Inl. Hill 
 
 rai 
 
 4» 
 
 1117 
 
 aft 
 
 {1 
 
 ^411 
 
 411 
 
 :»'> 
 
 .... tax 
 .... :iiii 
 
 Sll 
 
 -AHi 
 
 -Jl 
 
 ■.'74 
 
 in 
 
 :\M 
 
 1117 
 
 »I5 
 
 avj 
 
 ..101. IIW 
 
 I 
 
 PAON 
 
 Siiii .luiiu. HlfiinitT .tlH. .Wt 
 
 Siiii .luiiu iliNputr. H* 
 
 Hull Mitlt'o. Hti-tiinHhl|) XVA 
 
 Sun INnlm. Hi( -iiiiHlilp. wrtiok 31'.*l 
 
 Hun Htilviiilor. NftuMiinT v' 
 
 Hiiiilmrn. rupt. I. H «W 
 
 Sanlii Auiiit. Itrlif '-i 
 
 Hiintii Ctxu. Hti-unmhlp 0U, l«i> 
 
 Huutu ItoNti, Hi'hcMiui-r 3f7'-f 
 
 Huuttiitfo. HpttulNti iruoNport •! 
 
 Hniitlutf". Hi-hiM)i)(«r 7i> 
 
 Hupphlrr. Mi-hiMiucr 4IW. 4JH 
 
 Hiiruh. Inirk. wrt'cU SM 
 
 Hit nth IHxnil, Niritnicr -UK) 
 
 Siinih Ilii.vl, Hti'iinirr M 
 
 Hiiritli I<nutN«>, NchiMtiH'r IM, ITU 
 
 Hiinth M. Ut'iitDU. Mti'itiiirr ^M 
 
 Humh Ni'wtim. sflHMmiT 101 
 
 .Huruh Hioui'. HhMip ■*'* 
 
 Hunih Witrrru. Imrk ■*?> 
 
 Hitninm*. I'. H. Htt'iimiT llin 
 
 ■ ■ w ri*i-k ifcfl' 
 
 Htirttuiio. Htt-iinx'r '-mt 
 
 Hiinllnlu. Hlitp Ii« 
 
 Htirdonvx, Hti'umHhIp mm. n-JU. .1 M 
 
 ■• wri'fk .>l 
 
 Hitli'lllH'. II. M. H »M.H7 
 
 Hiitflliti', KtiMtnitT •■flU 
 
 HittsuU. striinuT ...... I-I7 
 
 Situcy Liis.-*. >«cl»KHii'r MO* 
 
 Huvitiiiiuh. r H. friuatf *.*■ 
 
 Hiivoiiit, lutrk. HT'-ck -SHI 
 
 SuwvtT. Ciipt. (■ H Xti 
 
 Huwvrr, Cupi. ChurlcH «rt 
 
 Scitrf. Cupl Osfitr 4Xi 
 
 HohmUU. AuKUHl .131 
 
 SnUhtiul. hurk IM, 176. i*W 
 
 " wreck , . , 'it! 
 
 Hnitt.Jnlin II iX\ 
 
 Hcfid, I*rrrv iS« 
 
 Hcolt.Citpl. r. H tfll 
 
 Hi'olt. WiiUiT I). . at7 
 
 Hcott.l'iipl. William 'iST 
 
 Sea nirtl. slruim-r (W, (H. 71 
 
 ■• wn'ck Ti 
 
 S*'U Fnuin. Htcanicr, wreck I7l> 
 
 Hi'uCull. stt-arnHhlp .Trt 
 
 " wreck « 
 
 Hca (lull. HchfKimT. wreck -1.17 
 
 Sea T.ioii. tiiK Xi7 
 
 Si'a Lion, schwmer 4Xt 
 
 " seizure 4411 
 
 Hen N'.vniph. brig Wi 
 
 Sea oner. hrlR 3 
 
 '■ wreck 11 
 
 Sea Hiiniier. hark, wreck 4\'A 
 
 Sea Waif, brlif Wl 
 
 Sea Wfteli. sclxxmer -^hm 
 
 Heahury. » 'apt. W. H iXt 
 
 Heal. Mteaiiier .Til 
 
 SenlhiK Mei-t,IHHI . 4-,»7 
 
 • ■ iHSii jij? 
 
 ■■ IHKf «T 
 
 " IMK4 4*t< 
 
 " IHKi 4'> 
 
 " IW« 4»l 
 
 " IKH7 4.*« 
 
 '• IHHH 4X\ 
 
 ■■ \m* 4:^1 
 
 " iHiNi r.U} 
 
 St'ulhiwealeh. IWH 4.17 
 
 *• IHihJ 43M 
 
 " !W:i 441,44'.i 
 
 '■ IW4 44.i. Hti. 44.-* 
 
 " IWft 44lt 
 
 HealInt,'. cimuneiicement of 4-^5 
 
 Heaifnt' retrulailnns. I«i4 411 
 
 Healing sehttiMiers names chantied 4;« 
 
 Si-alliit; schiHiners oti .lapiin Coast 4.'il 
 
 Sealhiir selUMniers seized. Ikh; -i;«l 
 
 •■ IWf-' 44)» 
 
 Sea .Serpent. setiiMmer ,'t7 
 
 Seusttte. KteaiiiiT . HW 
 
 Seatnn, steamer 19) 
 
 Seaton. ('apt. A. N 44H 
 
 Seattle, steamer '^H. -jkh 
 
 Seatlh> Dryilnek & Slilplmililln^ Companv. 4tK» 
 Seattle Steam N'uvtKatlou&Traus)K)rlatJ<iu 
 
 < 'ompauv .*t74 
 
 Seattle .t Taenina NnvlKnthm Omipauy.. . ;Wfi 
 
 Heennil ln^.' raft 41ii 
 
 •Sella Ma. steamer 'Jn7 
 
 '■ Inirne.l at-' 
 
 Sehonie. sieumer ;*V4 
 
 SeMen. ( "apt. J. W ... Ki 
 
 .Senator, bark Ml 
 
 Senator, sieamer HW, 1*W 
 
 '• iMiiler explosion jftW 
 
 Henuior. steamer '^rt 
 
 Seualnr. steamer :i7rt 
 
 Henortta. steamer W. ttt 
 
 StHjuln. brfjf •£i 
 
 Serena Tliaver. schooner ar,' 
 
 Sewell. ,Inhn K mt 
 
 Seymour, ("apt. (JotlTrey iHTi 
 
 Seymour, ("apt. W. I* ;ft(H 
 
 Shark. l*ntte(| .states sclHMuier. wreck . .. ■?•,» 
 
 Shuver. 4 'apt. (leorj-'e M 4IKI 
 
 Shaver, (.'apt.. lames W. ywi 
 
 Sheet Anchor, bri^' HM. IBH 
 
 Shelby, steamer 414 
 
 Shelby, schooner, seizure 4fitf 
 
 SheleUotT. bri»r w: 
 
 Shenandoah, rnnredernte privateer 141 
 
 Shephr-nl Alfred ]h-i 
 
 Siiepherd. I-Yed S :s»4 
 
 Sherman, Cupt. Fred :4V» 
 
 Shields, ('apt. K. (' 44H 
 
 Shields, ('apt. William 44;» 
 
 Shoalwuter. steamer .17 
 
 Shoulwaler Hay slmips, 1H75 SIX 
 
 PAflR 
 
 Shoo Fly, steaMier IW 
 
 HhiHi FIv. steamer i»MH, .Wl 
 
 HhiHillUK Slur, HchtKtner U4, 175 
 
 HhoollnK Star, ship IM 
 
 Short, r'lipt. Shemiuii V tfia 
 
 Hhorl. Mllei* «« 
 
 Hhori.fapt. W. I* XVi 
 
 Hhoshnne. HlHiiiner I4ft, (((l. '-ill 
 
 Hhubrick, Fnlled StulCH sieumer, W. 111. iJtt7, XtJ 
 
 Sldl, brlK. wreck •■fid 
 
 Sierra Nevada, Mteiim»thlp W, IU» 
 
 ■■ wreck IWl 
 
 HIerra Nevada, bark, wreck SH* 
 
 HIeward, (apt. II. F 4.'W 
 
 Hl(:iial. steam sctioimer IMA 
 
 SlmiuiS4>i). I'apt. H ^1 
 
 HImpNoh. (apt, AM 17rt 
 
 HimpNon.Capt. William AM 
 
 Hinclalr. ('apt. Clarence W .Iirt 
 
 Sir .lames IIoukIus. steamer l.'&i 
 
 .^ir.lamsetjee Family, bark, wn-ck ."Md 
 
 Skagit, steamer .•»>« 
 
 SkuKlI, barkentim' 'M\ 
 
 HkaKltChli-f. steamer »W 
 
 Hkedadtlle. steamer Hfl' 
 
 Hkldegate. steamer 171, .'W 
 
 Skinner. Thomas .tit 
 
 Hkipunnn. Kch(M)ner '.'I 
 
 SktHikuni. steamer ■1'" 
 
 Hkiizzy. steamer ***l'T 
 
 Smith. Capt. Frank IT4 
 
 Smith. Ciipt II, H. (? 4IN 
 
 Smith. Ilenrv 'i:** 
 
 Smith, Capt, Henry iwi 
 
 Smith, Capl.I ...rim 
 
 Smith. Capt. J. L *4 
 
 Smith. Keulieii 'iH 
 
 Smith, Capt. H. K HW 
 
 .Smith. T.V '^7 
 
 Smith. Thomas -JH 
 
 SniMiualmli . steamer .175 
 
 Smiw.Capt. WlllisC •Jtt' 
 
 Sn.vder, K, A , VHrt 
 
 Siivder.,I.A .'W,' 
 
 Snyder. Capt. Levi 'JUt 
 
 Sol. Thomas, tug. iMtilerexploHloii :tW 
 
 SoUde, French ship « 
 
 Soniiiss. whip l'J(t 
 
 S<inora, lruns|>orl •'! 
 
 Sophia. briK -ti. .'W 
 
 Sojihla. steamer .1*i 
 
 Sophia, steamer .'MH 
 
 Sophia Sutherland, scbouner »W 
 
 South Ueiid, steamer aW 
 
 Souiliernrr, steamship, wreck 53 
 
 SoutlHTii Chief. Iiark. wreck 4IH 
 
 .Spallanuicheen. steamer iWl, .**«» 
 
 Sparniw. schixmer. wreck 'i^t 
 
 Sparrow Hawk. H. M.S. -Jiii 
 
 Spauldliig, Capt. A. I» 373 
 
 Spencer, Capt. Kruust W il'i 
 
 SiH-rry. Charles .33rt 
 
 Spinner, ('apt. Charlf>s '.BWl 
 
 Spinster, steamer 4iw 
 
 Spitfire, steamer :VCi 
 
 SiKikaiie. schiKHier .'Wi 
 
 Simkane. Kootenai Luke steamer 3sh 
 
 *■ burned 4'.!l 
 
 StMikune. sieaiiier 'i^i 
 
 Spokane, steamiT X\n 
 
 " wreck Xt\ 
 
 SpruKue. Capt. Clarke W vli'J 
 
 Sprat t. Joseph lUYi 
 
 Spratt's .\rk. steamer :«ii'> 
 
 Spray. scIhmhut is 
 
 Spriiv. steamer Iii7 
 
 Sprlnj.'. Cupl. William 14.1. 4A-> 
 
 Spring. Charles \'ih 
 
 Spronle. Capt, A, M 'i**' 
 
 Spy. H, M. S -Jl 
 
 SiiuaU. steamer XK. .I*?"-' 
 
 St.cialri' MtV l(« 
 
 St, Churles, snip, wreck I'« 
 
 St. tieorge, schooner, wreck '-I'l 
 
 St. .loseph. Spanifh brig 7 
 
 SI, l^iiwieiice. si'lUMiner MV 
 
 St. Michael, steamer SiTll, IfiW 
 
 St, Nicholas. Ru.sslau ship rt-,» 
 
 St. Paul, steamship -'♦vw. •-•K4. Xi\ 
 
 St. Patrick, steamer -M.V -HI 
 
 St, Hoc. Cape 3 
 
 St. Stephens, ship, wreck 3ln 
 
 Stalker. Capt, Hugh fJH 
 
 StaiHlanl. steamer 37T 
 
 " wreck 4IM 
 
 Stanh-v..!. C 173 
 
 Staples. Capt, (JeorgP W Ii«i 
 
 Staph's. (apt. M, 1> -iM 
 
 Star of Oregon. schoonf*r 'Ht 
 
 Slar IJue of sailing vi'ssels aw 
 
 Starling, schooner 'Jrt 
 
 Starling. H. M. S 14 
 
 State of California, steamship '^57. ■Jrt7 
 
 Stiiteof Idaho. steamer 4i«i 
 
 State of S4aiora, scluHmer v'Tv 
 
 Stale of Washluglim, si^ana-r :«W 
 
 Steadfast, steamer At" 
 
 Steele, William A. I.'Rt 
 
 Steffen. .lohn F -^15 
 
 Sii'Ha. sieami-r .IVI 
 
 Stephens. David \M 
 
 Stephenson, David ;j;i"> 
 
 Stetson. Capt. A. F , XU 
 
 Stevens. Capt. M. F Xm 
 
 .Stevens, Capt, Irving m* 
 
 Stevens. W. J *J1« 
 
 Still, h^dwin -JUT 
 
 Strang. Capt, James W 
 
 Sirathalrly, steamship 3iii 
 
 Slrathhlaiie. skip •,'rt:i 
 
 " wrt'ck :fti 1 
 
 PAOB 
 
 Straun. ship, wreck »•« 
 
 Struve.Capt, Harry Sftl 
 
 Stump. ('apt JohnF *» 
 
 Stump, Capt. Thomaii Hff 
 
 StH-cess. hurk iJft. -Kt 
 
 Success, sieumer HM 
 
 Success, steamer *fc' 
 
 Hue/, sti'umshlp >■► 
 
 Sullivan. Cant. Kdwurd IIM 
 
 Hulphur. H. M, S 14 
 
 Sullan, ship ,.. Itf 
 
 Sumatra. Imrk H 
 
 Summervllle, William 'i7\ 
 
 Hnnnv South. schiMmer 14-* 
 
 Sunshine. sclHMmer. wreck *i« 
 
 Surprise, schooner 1*.'!, l'-*n 
 
 Surtirise. steamer WH 
 
 Surprise, steamer W 
 
 Surprise, steamship Ti 
 
 Susan Ahigul. brig 47, «>. \Vi 
 
 Susan Sturgts. sclusmer 3li. 41 
 
 Susii'. steamer '■.*7ii 
 
 " Uiiler exphislon .'Wt 
 
 Sussex. Hteitmship .17\t 
 
 Sutil. Spanish trunsport 7 
 
 Sui Ion. Samuel . 37ti 
 
 Suwannee, r. S, steuimT. wreck IW 
 
 Swain. Walter :W> 
 
 Swallow, steamer Irti 
 
 Swan, steamer .. tW 
 
 Swan, steamer IW 
 
 Swan, steamer 81*7 
 
 Swan, steamer MW 
 
 Swan, steamer Ml 
 
 Swan, (iisirge <> 'iht 
 
 Hweenev. .Samuel H7 
 
 Hweel. Hiram S. ."MH 
 
 Sweli/er. Capt, Chris M 
 
 Swlfi.Capi. K. A W7 
 
 Swift, Capt J H 18H 
 
 Swiss Ifciv, brig 7it 
 
 Swordtlsh. ship, wreck 'JSrt 
 
 Sylvia de (Jrasse. ship, wreck 'Ji 
 
 T. J. Potli-r. steamer . . . ;iVl, 37fl 
 
 T, L Nicklln. Nieam<T '.Hi 
 
 T, M. Hlchanlson. steamer :45!> 
 
 T. W. Lucas, brig Irtrt 
 
 " wreck 410 
 
 Ta I,ee, schooner li'i 
 
 Tuckaberry, Cupt. J. D Iitt 
 
 Tacomu, steamship, wreck 31.1 
 
 Tucoma. steamer 3aii 
 
 Tucomn. iug 244 
 
 TuiChow. steamship .'•II 
 
 Takou, steamer 34fl 
 
 TallKit. H. M. S ai 
 
 Tanner, brig KM. IfW 
 
 Tarlton, sehotmer .'fii 
 
 Taninina. l>rig r>4 
 
 Tart e. Capt. James W ■JlH 
 
 Tarte, W l{ -Jii? 
 
 Tution.Capt. .lames ;Wii 
 
 Tavhir. Capt. (ieorge W IIW 
 
 Teaser, sclusmer ','7H. 4-.»7 
 
 Teaser, steamer ','1.1, -^W 
 
 Teaser, steamer 3*^3 
 
 Telephone, steamer 354 
 
 Telephone, Columbia Ulver steamer 3IH 
 
 " burned 351 
 
 Telephone, Fruser Hlver steamer 4iP,* 
 
 Tenino. steamer HH. 1117 
 
 Tepic, brig 41 
 
 Thames, sieaniship llii 
 
 Thami's City, ship H7 
 
 Thermopviii'. bark .'Wl 
 
 Thistle, sleiimer 31.'S 
 
 Thislie. steamer. . :«! 
 
 Thistle, steamer 377, l-JI 
 
 Tlilstle, steamer ;fi»H 
 
 Tlioiiuis Corwiu. I*, S. n-venue cutter -ilh 
 
 Tiionias.JohnT Ki 
 
 Thomas. CajJt, Oweu 4.**4 
 
 Thomtis II. IV-rkins. schooner lii 
 
 Thomas I'l-rklns. brig \b 
 
 Thomas L. Nix<m. steamer .I.'W 
 
 Thomas K. Foster, bark, wreck .133 
 
 Thomas Woodwanl. scluHiner. wreck 17(1 
 
 Thompson, ('apt. .1. S 415 
 
 Thompson, Capt. Jolm 'Jrt:i 
 
 Thompson. Kobert K. m 
 
 Tliomsen, Capt Daniel C i>l 
 
 Thorn, Capt, Charles I.'t7 
 
 Thorndvke, C. H 374 
 
 Thornton, sdiooiier 168, 4',»7. 4*Jli 
 
 " seizure 4'iH 
 
 Turnsher, shi;j. wreck 'JMI 
 
 Three llntthers. brlff rt 
 
 Three Sisters, steamer X^ 
 
 Tiblmlls.Capt. H. L Ml 
 
 Tiller, bark, wreck 314 
 
 Tidal Wave, bark 1711, a rj 
 
 Ttddv.Capt. John II , Xr: 
 
 Tillie. tug .1l»7 
 
 Tillle K. Siarttuck. ship .til 
 
 Timandni. lirig. wreck 273 
 
 Tiusley. Charles HM 
 
 TolwiK steami'r .... ;wi 
 
 Toledo, steamer 'JWI 
 
 Tolo. schooner KM 
 
 " wreck 114 
 
 Tolo. sclnMiner IKH 
 
 Tolo. steamer .^4rt 
 
 Tom Mor' Is, steamer *at. XW 
 
 TomUn. Itichard K X\H 
 
 ToiHiuln. ship II 
 
 ■■ wreck Vi 
 
 ToinHiin, «,teanuT XiH 
 
 Topsy, steamer .13(1 
 
XX 
 
 INDKX 
 
 I 
 
 T'lrrent, hurk 77. 
 
 " wn'ck 
 
 Tory, iihlp 
 
 TiiutoD, linrk 
 
 TiiwuDitti, HchtKmiT 77. 
 
 TrunHftT, Nl I'unu'r 
 
 TrilDHlt. MChoOIHT 
 
 Truvi'litr.HttMimi'r 
 
 t' wruck 
 
 Truvuler, Nli'iimtT 
 
 Truvi'lor, iu»r 
 
 Trent. Ciiin. K. H 
 
 Tn'HHU Miiy, MitMiiiittr . 
 
 Triton. Hhlp 
 
 TrluinptLNtcutiiMtilp 
 
 Triumph, lui! 
 
 Triumph. NrhmtiHT ^v*7.4.'4't, 
 
 Tropiu lUnl. hurki'Qtlne 
 
 Truup, ('upl. t'hiirlim 
 
 Tniup, Oiipt. «'liiu>'.i' 
 
 Troup. Copt. JumuH W 
 
 Troup. W.H 
 
 Trui* llrilon. whip 
 
 TrulUiiKfr. John C ■ 
 
 TrUHttie. Mi'hooni»r, wreck 
 
 TuuUtin llivcr Nuvlyullon & Muuuriictur- 
 
 InK f'oinpuny 
 
 TuuUtln RlviT Nnvlifutlon Jk Truusp<)rtu- 
 
 tlon Company 
 
 Tucker. Ci»pt. Fruuklin 
 
 Turnliull, Copt. Jami'H 
 
 Turnlmll.Cnpt. WllUiim R 
 
 Turner, t'lipt. Friiuk B. 
 
 Turuer. Matthew 
 
 Turner. KoIhti 
 
 Tweniytlrsi ii( May. bark, wreck 
 
 Twilight. Mchoouer 
 
 TwtHH, Mteumer 
 
 Two HnitherH. Mcliooner 
 
 Tyee, tUK 
 
 Tynemouth. steaiuHhlp 
 
 Typhoon, steamer 
 
 AliK 
 
 KM 
 171) 
 in 
 «! 
 IIM 
 
 did 
 
 u 
 
 711 
 'JMI 
 «» 
 
 HUH 
 14 
 
 .tm 
 .W 
 41" 
 
 •JW, 
 
 xa 
 
 IKS 
 
 4:) 
 
 146 
 ,HII 
 
 I7H 
 
 «I7 
 M 
 IVi 
 
 l« 
 
 ■im 
 
 ■mi 
 wi 
 ■tm 
 ;wi 
 
 I?] 
 
 U. n. Scott Rteamlioat Company 
 
 U. S. (Irant. uteamer . i:«. It«l. 
 
 " wreck 
 
 Ulysses, ship 
 
 UmtttUIa, steamer .. 
 
 rmatUla. steamship y«i, '•K\. 
 
 Uml>rinu. schfMiuer 
 
 UmiNiua. scluiouer Ml, 
 
 Umpqua Sleum NavlKatiou C^impauy 
 
 Una. lirii^autine. wreck 
 
 Uncle Ilichanl. steamer 
 
 Underwriter, steamer 
 
 Uniline. hark 
 
 Uniliue. steamer ■ 
 
 Union, hark, wreck 
 
 Union. sIcanuT. 
 
 " IturueU ■ 
 
 Union, steamer 
 
 Union, steamer 
 
 Union, steamer ■'*•", 
 
 Union, steamer, wreck 
 
 Union Steamship Comiainy 
 
 Urania, schooner 
 
 Urauia, schooner, wreck 
 
 Utsaiatly, steamer IW"*. 
 
 Utopia, steamer 
 
 4:t: 
 
 TO 
 
 ■M 
 ;a> 
 :«i7 
 
 ,'l,'i4 
 
 itii 
 
 UK 
 ■Jilt 
 
 iirj 
 ■JOS 
 
 XtK 
 ■Mh 
 
 :iTn 
 :i7 
 
 •J4I1 
 ■.V£i 
 4IHI 
 
 Valleyllelil, ship -Jl 
 
 Van Auken, ('apt. Henry it-J-J 
 
 Van Hreniu'r. I'apt. James 'JTH 
 
 Van Duser. tHiver TI 
 
 Van Tassell. Philip i;>r 
 
 Vancouver, bark i.'>. "Jl 
 
 '* wreck ■Jt 
 
 Vancouver, hrln, wreck in 
 
 Vnucnuver, schiHUier in 
 
 Vancouver, ship Ill 
 
 Vuucouvi-r, steamer H-'i 
 
 Vancouver, steamer ixt 
 
 Vancouver, steamer toll 
 
 Vancouver, steana'i '177 
 
 Vancouver. tJapt. ( Jeorife s 
 
 Vancotiver Helle. schtsmer. seizure 4 Ml 
 
 Vamlaiia. bark 4m 
 
 " wreck 411 
 
 Vanilerhidt. Capt. J. K .•••l 
 
 Varuua, steamer IT^J, istt 
 
 Vasco da t>aina, steamship ■J.'ii 
 
 Velos, tUK. wreck 4^J.I 
 
 Ventnra. steamship ■Jis 
 
 " wreck 'J.'m 
 
 Venture, steamer 7J 
 
 Venture, schooner 4:t.'i 
 
 Venus, brlK H 
 
 Vernon, bark llW. l»,'i 
 
 Veto, steamer "JiHi 
 
 Vlckers, E ml 
 
 Vlckery, liark IIH 
 
 Victor, steamer 4ir,i 
 
 Victor, Imrkeutlue Iiw 
 
 Victoria, sdioouer "J 
 
 Victoria, sch(H)ni'r I.'ts 
 
 Victoria, steamer I7il. J7I 
 
 Victoria, steamship ■JUS. ■J'fi 
 
 " wreck ai;( 
 
 Victoria's first deep-water vessel -Jl 
 
 Victoria Marine Railway 414 
 
 Victoria Packet, HChoonc;r Wt, lat 
 
 • • wreck 144 
 
 Victorian, steamer .'IS7 
 
 Vidette. bark IIW 
 
 ViKllaut, steamer 414 
 
 VlklnK, schooner ,*WI 
 
 Villa, steamer ;t7.T 
 
 Vlncennus, U, S. sloop 'JO 
 
 ■•Ati K 
 
 VIcdet, steamer .'»4« 
 
 VirKllT. Price, steamer .'«iil, :«Ki 
 
 " burneil 4'Jll 
 
 Virginia, steamer , •J7M 
 
 \'iva, HcliiHiuer , 4iV4 
 
 \'lxen. steamer :Wi 
 
 Vizcaino, HeliasI lau a 
 
 Vnlania, steamer 4til 
 
 Voiaule, schfsiner ,'lti.t 
 
 Vol^a. steamer .'tl>5 
 
 Volmer. steamship ... -inii 
 
 Voliilileer. schis r ;Mll 
 
 X'olunlcer. steamer 'VA 
 
 Vulcan, steamer 4011 
 
 W, Hicks. schiHUH'r 711 
 
 W. .\. Hanks, bark I'JI. imi 
 
 ■• wreck INI 
 
 \V. It .Scruiiton. bark, wreck Ht'J 
 
 \V. t'. I'arke. bark, wreck 4Vi 
 
 W. II. ninl. bark XIX 
 
 W. b'. Ikille. schisaicr I'W 
 
 \V. K. Jewel t. schtsmer JHll 
 
 \V. v. Munrm'. sti'amcr ;«i*l 
 
 \V. H. Hesse, bark 'JIVI 
 
 •■ wreck :nii 
 
 W. H. liawlev. barkeutlue 113. liVt 
 
 •■ wreck 'Jt«l 
 
 W. H. HurrlsdM, steamer .'tsu 
 
 W. H. Heaver, bark im 
 
 W. II. Talbot, sclusmer arJ 
 
 \V. K. ,\Ierwln, steamer -'fit 
 
 \V. L. Heebe. schooner ■J:l7. 'JTll 
 
 ■• wreck 4IS 
 
 \V. L. Kichanlscin. schtHiner li.^ 
 
 W. M. Hoau. sti'amcr »4,'i 
 
 W. P, Hall, schcioner KW 
 
 W. P. Say ward, sclusmer I*J7 
 
 ■' seizure 4;^ 
 
 \V. S. Horu^. schooner .'ttli 
 
 W, ,S. I. add. steamer Iim 
 
 Wacniista. ship 77 
 
 Wade, steamer 1411 
 
 Wade, ("apt, Helirv IKi 
 
 Walehu. seh.Kiuer .. 'Jll'J 
 
 Wal lel... steamer Xil 
 
 Walll.l'apl. W. I K^J 
 
 VVaUetiiaii. I'apl. Kil).'ar — imi 
 
 Walbran. I'apl. J"lin T :t.il 
 
 Wall, (ieaeral J. (1 4-J 
 
 Walla Walla, steamship 'JKI. -.Wl. .'ITvJ 
 
 Wallace, ('apt. I)a\ ill I) .'His 
 
 Wallamel. steamer .... 41. ."il 
 
 Wallmva. lUk' im 
 
 Walluski. steamer ;44K 
 
 Walter A. Karle. sclusmer. wreck 4.il 
 
 Waller lialeit-h, bark 17s 
 
 Walvli.'. ('apt. John J :»!> 
 
 Waiidi'rer. tuir ;47»1 
 
 Wanderer, selnsauir. seizure,. 4411 
 
 Ward.Jcdin P ■Jim 
 
 Warbawk. ship. liiiriKsl .'Ill 
 
 Warren, r. S, sltHip 'Jl 
 
 Warren, ('apt. .lames It lt'»s. (■J7 
 
 Warren, ('apt. W. K :«is 
 
 Warren. William :» 
 
 WarrimiNi. sleamship 4os 
 
 Warrior. sclii«)ner. wreck W 
 
 Wasco, steamer M 
 
 Wasco, steamer .'117 
 
 Washlii^'lnn. britt •'> 
 
 Washington, steamer HI, 4.i 
 
 •• iH.iler explosion (1« 
 
 Wash lie-' I. in. steamer 'JK'i. 'JILt 
 
 Waslilri^-'toii Steamboat Comiiany — 'JlTi 
 
 Washlm-Mon l.lbby. ship, wreck :I7:| 
 
 WasliintJIon Terrilnrv Transporhiliuti Co... l'j;t 
 
 Wasp, steamer 1 1(1. '.tKl 
 
 Wasp, steamer .'17."i 
 
 WalchnniUer. steamer .'t'J'J 
 
 Water Mlv. steamer .VI 
 
 Waler Wiieh, steamer I(»l 
 
 Watsciii. Ab'xaiider -JH! 
 
 Waud. Capl. (I. S ia 
 
 Wave, schooner ■J^J 
 
 Weallhv Pendlelon. bark ■Jss 
 
 Webber. Ilenrv 4S 
 
 WebfiKii. hark, burned :ill 
 
 WebfiHil, steamer Il,'> 
 
 Wehfcsit No. ■J. sleamer l.-lil. 177 
 
 Weir. Cain. W. (1 'Jlc 
 
 Weleona'. sleainer ■Jl I. •JS4, ■JS7, ■J',i,'i 
 
 Welllni-sbv. brli; .. :« 
 
 Wellint'loii. steamship :«I5. ;«C> 
 
 Weils, Capl, W. 11 .'IS 
 
 Wenat. steamer IKl. llll. IW. •J:lt 
 
 ■ • wreck -Jill 
 
 Wenona. steamer "Jiili. .'IVi 
 
 West Indian, sleamship :t7s 
 
 " wreck nil 
 
 Wi'sler, Capl. Ceort,'!' 1,'Vl 
 
 Western Helle. bark ■J1.^ 
 
 Western (^neen. sleamer 'Jlill 
 
 Western Shore, ship 'JlH. ■J,'I7 
 
 ■ ' wreck 'Jill 
 
 Weslern Slope, sleamer 1S7. •J7I. .'Hifi 
 
 West port, sli-amer ■Ji'<l. .'tl-J 
 
 Whlsller. bark Iil7. I7li 
 
 " wreck .'tl4 
 
 Whlleomb. Capl. (iecirK ■ ■J.'tt 
 
 Whllcimdi.Capt. Ja sH 7H 
 
 Whilcomb. Capt. James P ;tii7 
 
 Whllcomb, Capl. W. P -I'M 
 
 Whilcomb. Capl. William H 'J.VJ 
 
 While, Cain. K. .V r)l 
 
 While. Capl. lieortre H ll.'t 
 
 White. Capl. Leonard SI 
 
 While. S. S -Jil 
 
 Whlteley. ('apt. J. J 410 
 
 Whlteley, Capt. W. H 443 
 
 PAOK 
 
 Whlleslde. llerlK'rl 417 
 
 WhlliMi. bark till 
 
 W ide WesI , slenmer 1I4H. ,1IU 
 
 '■ wreck 1I7» 
 
 Wlnu:"s. W. H M 
 
 Wild (la.:(dle. sehiHmcr 1711 
 
 Wild Pl^fcon, sclKHincr 7H 
 
 WMder. sleamer 1411 
 
 W lldnosl. sleamer .'Ml, 'CM 
 
 ■• bnnusl xa 
 
 WlldwniMl,shlp aw, 'Jill 
 
 Willamette, sclaNiner. wreck .... 411 
 
 Wlllanu'lle, sleann'r .1A 
 
 Wlllamelle, sleamship ilHl 
 
 WlllamelleChler. sleamer 'JI3 
 
 Wlllamelle h'alls Canal \ l.ia'ks Company . in.*! 
 
 Wlllamelle Kails Coinpanv 4f) 
 
 Wl I laniel le Kreliihl ln>! Company UW 
 
 Wllla lie llispeelhm District 114 
 
 Wlllalnelle Locks 'JIA 
 
 Wlllamelle N'avi^'ation ('nmpanv IHl 
 
 Wlllaualle lllver N'nvUuUon Company .,,, drj 
 
 WlllameCe Siinaw. sleamer "J-'i'l 
 
 WlllanadleHleam .N'avl^ratlon Company . I,'i^ 
 
 Wlllamelt ' SleamlHail Cimipany AJti 
 
 Wlllamell.' TransiKirlalltin «& i.iockH Co... Jttl 
 
 Wlllamelle Valley, steamship 31IS 
 
 Wlllapa. steamer 'JIM. 317. .SHH 
 
 Wlllard Aliisworth. NchiH)nur ■ 4ll3 
 
 Wllliani. ship 4s. im 
 
 William, hrltf, wreck W 
 
 William Mian, selKHmer 4N 
 
 Wlllliim and Ann, bark, wreck 11 
 
 William Howden, schotaier 4(13 
 
 William Irvlnt,', sleaiin>r 'J7II 
 
 " wreck 4'Ji 
 
 Willlnm Itenlon, schisaier -'HH 
 
 Wllliani Tabor, sleamship 'Jls, ■jiiii 
 
 William Tell, ship, wreck 114 
 
 Williams. Capl. J, A :t«l 
 
 Williams. ('apt. .lames K 113 
 
 Williams. Capl. Hichard .'« 
 
 Wllllamsburir. ship HI 
 
 Williamson. James T \h! 
 
 WUIlamsim. Capt. Wllliani 'Jls 
 
 Willie, sleamer SKI 
 
 Willie K. Hume, barke'illne .'Wl 
 
 Willie Mcliowan, scl n'r l:W 
 
 Wllllmanlle, brlk' 40 
 
 •• wreck •J.Sll 
 
 Wlllouk'hbv. Capl. Charles H 1113 
 
 Wlbnlniflon. sleann'r 'Jlis. 3'Jll. Kll 
 
 ■■ burned 41'J 
 
 Wilson. Capl. Kreil Ibl 
 
 Wilson (1. flnril. sleamer 73. US. 171. 'Jill 
 
 Wilson. Cain, .lames Irtl 
 
 Wilson. John A ■J31I 
 
 Wlnalil. Capl. J. J 'Jkl 
 
 Wliianl. W, I) 1117 
 
 Wlncliesler. schiHUier 4II1I 
 
 Wlnehesler. Capl. J. 1< ... Wl 
 
 Windward, bark, wreck ■j:*! 
 
 Wlmred Arrow, ship \Ki 
 
 Wliik'eil Hacei. schiHHa'r . IIM 
 
 Winnifreil. seliiKMier ■JKI 
 
 Winnilreii. schi Miner, seizure 141 
 
 Winnifreil. sleann'r fflllt 
 
 Winnini.'. !■: S 17H 
 
 Wlnshlp. T. J II'J 
 
 Winter. William 3I'J 
 
 WinlerlMilham. II. J 347 
 
 WIshkah Chief, sleann'r Slii 
 
 Wolf. Capl. John H nil 
 
 Wonder, slenmer -Jivj 
 
 WiMiil. Cnpl. Alexander rt'js 
 
 WiMKl.Capl. Ileort'e W JIl'l.'JSH 
 
 WiHKl, 1. W ai7 
 
 Wiiodley. Capl. William J Ml 
 
 WiNsipeckel. schisii: -r. wreck 1114 
 
 WiHiils. Kdaa: I P im 
 
 WiiiKlside, v.,'amer Jdl 
 
 ■ arecU ;fill 
 
 Wiiolirv, Capl. J, li Jill 
 
 Wii.dery. William H ■J77 
 
 Wiirlnek. sleani scab 443 
 
 Worslci. William S ■J.'il 
 
 Worlh.Capl, Kcink 'Jkj 
 
 Wresller. barkenllne ^^H 
 
 Wrialil. lleori-e S I'JI 
 
 Writ'lit. Joliti T,..Ir. -Jlu 
 
 Wriu'hl. Capl,.Iiihn T (Ill 
 
 Wrj(.'lil. Capl. Thomas il,% 
 
 Wvi-'iinLThi'islore ih 
 
 Vaecer. J. H 
 
 Vakima. sleamer 
 
 Vainliill. sleamer 
 
 Vaijiiina. sleamship 
 
 Vaijulna Hay. steamship 
 
 " wreck 
 
 Vaiiniin( cii., , sleamship ... 
 
 " wreck 
 
 Vann'lierc. Capl. Charles .. 
 
 Voselnile. sleamer 
 
 Vonii(t ,\nieriea. sleamer .... 
 
 Viinnj.'. Henjamin 
 
 Voiiin.' Phii'lilx. bark, wreck . 
 
 Vncon. slenmer 
 
 Vnkon. steamer 
 
 ^'viinne. sleamer . 
 
 ■JKI, .'Krj 
 
 .'M 
 
 .'Kill 
 
 -.t!! 
 
 ... . avi 
 
 IKl 
 
 :«il 
 
 . .. 4111 
 
 ;«.! 
 
 . . . .'Kil 
 
 1711, .'Std 
 
 XIII 
 
 , ,, 4IIII 
 
 /.anibesi, sleamship ,'I.VJ, ,3111 
 
 /.ampa, schisiner ,3411 
 
 Zeliiibia, siiiji fiH 
 
 " wreck 7K 
 
 Zephyr, bark |fl7 
 
 " wreck IHH 
 
 /.ephyr, sbumer lilt 
 
 Zumwali, John .w 
 
PAliK 
 
 417 
 
 !« 
 
 •.'!". :«« 
 
 ,w 
 
 Kl 
 
 1711 
 
 7H 
 
 I III 
 
 ■.m.:tn 
 
 xa 
 
 aw, ■jicp 
 
 «i 
 
 ;i"i 
 
 •*! 
 
 '.'l.! 
 
 iimimuy.. M1>H 
 
 4ft 
 
 IWI 
 
 IH 
 
 aiii 
 
 IHl 
 
 puny .... 'iri 
 
 iXi 
 
 ipiuiy . l.'lft 
 
 Sill 
 
 I'kM I'll... g;ii 
 
 ni.i 
 
 . W4, .'U7. :«•>< 
 
 4in 
 
 4«, mi 
 
 M 
 
 411 
 
 II 
 
 4<1.H 
 
 «;« 
 
 4ai 
 
 .■Ill 
 
 ■.■in. -.Ml 
 
 IM 
 
 Xil 
 
 ii:i 
 
 :v 
 
 HI 
 
 11)7 
 
 aiH 
 
 »« 
 
 .'Wl 
 
 4:m 
 
 4(1 
 
 *«l 
 
 iin 
 
 . ..isw. :mi. .'til 
 
 413 
 
 11(1 
 
 73, UK. 171. gill 
 
 Idl 
 
 'iSlI 
 
 446 
 
 m 
 
 4(11 
 
 flMI 
 
 *«l 
 
 im 
 
 1(14 
 
 -.Mil 
 
 HI 
 
 am 
 
 ITS 
 
 ... iig 
 
 .■tig 
 
 :*I7 
 
 .KIS 
 
 .... Kll 
 
 iivg 
 
 :«« 
 
 . . giu. gnu 
 g(ir 
 
 HI 
 
 nil 
 
 g:«i 
 
 gill 
 
 ■Ml 
 
 iiii 
 
 -m 
 
 I i;i 
 
 g.'ii 
 
 gsg 
 
 gTK 
 
 igi 
 
 giti 
 
 IKl 
 
 Wl 
 
 45 
 
 ... .'til 
 . igi. giK 
 . .. Kig 
 gn;i. :«« 
 
 .'IM 
 
 am 
 
 :t!i 
 
 , .. , .'i-iii 
 
 IKl 
 
 .■«ll 
 
 . .. 4111 
 
 :«.i 
 
 , ... .'Vll 
 
 17.1, .•m 
 ;{iti 
 
 . ,. 4(W 
 
 .'ivj. .mi 
 
 ... .1111 
 
 .... 511 
 
 .. . 7H 
 
 .... I«7 
 
 .... IKK 
 
 .... nil 
 
 ,,,. sa 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 All 
 
 PAriK 
 
 ■rili't'li. HlciiiiiiT -WW 
 
 ALtiH>N MfDinialil, M'hiHmer 440, ^Ht 
 
 Aliiiikn. scliiHiucr . 41^ 
 
 AliiMwurth.rupi. (•i'4irKt> J 'i\ft 
 
 AliiHwiirih, CuiH, J. I' HI 
 
 Ainswtirlh. hi'Iuhiuit U'-i 
 
 Alrcy. Hnhrrt \Ti 
 
 AluNkiu), lUHt liourN of Hteumor H7i( 
 
 AhiNktui. Htrumcr .titl 
 
 Ali-xumU-r. Nti'unicr 443 
 
 Ali'XiiiiiltT. um iM4 
 
 Ali<lu. sU'imiiT IHrt 
 
 Allliiiin'. NtciiiiHT 81(1 
 
 AllUdU, Wlllliim H aw 
 
 Almntu. MicHmcr )t87 
 
 Aluhu, Hi'liiinucr SB"*- 
 
 
 Aurt>u, HitMtinship 
 
 Ani-on. wni'K <if 
 
 AuiliTMuii. Ciipt, ruHpnr H 
 
 AtitliTNiin. Citpt. .1. I J R?H 
 
 Hirt 
 
 II HI 
 
 4m 
 
 451 
 
 Aii(l<>rsuu, Ciipt (>. A. . . 
 Ai.KiTMifln. (a pi. I,.. K. 
 
 Ankciiy. <"iipl, Alrxumlrr I* 
 
 Aiiim ('. Mi'ori'. sflnHiiHT 
 
 Atuiik K. I'liliit. si>liu(tiiiT .... 
 
 Aiiiiit' Kuxmi. sli'inniT 
 
 Aiirili- t'axnii. slfiiiiiiT, itftfr t'xploHidU 411 
 
 Arit'tcN. Ht't»M)ucr 441 
 
 Asioriti a«l 
 
 Asiiirlii in IHia II 
 
 Astorhi's tirnt nistimi luiUHir.. ti 
 
 Aiintni. srlnKUHT 4W 
 
 IIitlil»UI»ii'. I'upl. •lohli W. 
 
 Hiilibid^'f. ('apt. H. U 
 
 liatlcv.i'iipt. Hcnrv 
 
 Ilailcv.Ciipt. LchUt a... 
 
 Ilakrr. 4'iipt. W. K 
 
 Ilali'h. Cupi. .lului \V 
 
 tluruuorr. sii'anicr 
 
 l!» 
 
 aw 
 
 ^» 
 
 :.•;«( 
 
 AM 
 
 «1 
 
 irti 
 
 llarriiik'liMi. Tapl. {■Mwttnl M 
 
 huiTiii^'nm.Ciipt. K. M Xt7 
 
 Miirllrtl.fapiain MW 
 
 llan^'htiiitii. Ciipt. K. () ',*7I 
 
 Maut'lnnun, ('apt, K. W 'M 
 
 llt'iivfr. Huilsutis Idiy sicaint-r 14. IH 
 
 Mi'iivtT, sti-atiuT, wrci'k froulisplctM' 
 
 HflHlliHlt.Capt. .1. !• ;WI 
 
 lli'iijuniin, (apt. A. O »I7 
 
 Hcriiiiriu'liani. .Inhn M 
 
 Mt-vtum, ('apt. W I Ilium -JliM 
 
 lllai'kbvirii. Capl- iX^vliI O 4lrt 
 
 lllacUstoiK-. Captain t(i:i 
 
 lilaiH-hanl.Capl. Draii it«» 
 
 Hnt,'aii. Capt. .1 ami's A\h 
 
 lltillfH. Capl. Ffi'tlcrii'k IHI 
 
 linrcalis. si'Iuhuut LVJ 
 
 Mositiii. sliip. Ill Xnoika Htmtiil ill 
 
 Ifcivil. Capt. (ii'da'i' \V tw 
 
 Hri'ck.J. M ill 
 
 Hn-inla. Ki'liiMimT 4ftii 
 
 Urtm-krrlKHT. H '44i 
 
 Urittaiii. Capt. .1. C -Jifi 
 
 HnH)ks. Capl. .lolin \V ;t|ii 
 
 Mn>tti(-r .loiiattiaii, steamship \'M 
 
 lirowii, Hiram .'fi 
 
 ilrnwri. Capt..Inlin \V ■,»H7 
 
 Mi'uwii. Capt. SlH'i'maii U -HW 
 
 llniwatT. Capt. (;fna'«* IWI 
 
 llrnwritii-Ul.Capt.C. I) tdl 
 
 Hrvan. William.) :w 
 
 Hryaiit. Capt. W. .1 llfS' 
 
 llui'tianaii. Capl. D. K \t*\ 
 
 Hufhidiz. Capt. Otto 4;*( 
 
 hiu'klin, Capt. K. h" :ni7 
 
 hiirkiiam. Capl. S. \V aw 
 
 Kiiti-'tT, Martin ;fi» 
 
 Hnlli'iii'. (ii'i)ru'i' W \At 
 
 Munis, Capt. A. M |;k 
 
 Itusliiu'Il. Capt. Willam K Hrt 
 
 liiitlcr. Capl. .lame . K... ;WI 
 
 livers, Capt. W'.li 447 
 
 C. \V. Wctmort". v. .lalrliai'k steamer 
 
 (.'alironiia. pnipetter Hteamship 
 
 California, sflnMHier 
 
 California . steamship 
 
 ('ainpl)e]]. < 'apt. J. K 
 
 Cainpliell. linraee 
 
 Caiiii. Capt. A. K 
 
 Capilano. steamer 
 
 ('arilHM) aiul Fly. steaiiier 
 
 Carl 'It a <i. (.'ox. seluKiiier 
 
 Carrie I..aiUI. steamer 
 
 (.'arrnll. dipt, .lames 
 
 Carter. Capl. Henry 
 
 Cascades of the (.'olumblu, Hteiiiner . 
 
 Cascades, steamer, with hur^reN 
 
 I'harleston anil Haltimore, cruisers . 
 
 (^hatti Ttnn. Capt. .fumes T 
 
 Cherrj.C. C 
 
 (.'lillhut, steamer 
 
 t'hrlsiiauseu, Cupt. JumeH 
 
 Christiunsen, Capt. James, Jr 
 
 Church, a. T 
 
 City of Everett, whaleback steamer 
 
 am 
 
 1SI7 
 4H 
 IJ7 
 
 •iHH 
 
 ;m» 
 
 4111 
 •A*\ 
 
 Wi 
 4.'JI 
 
 Tfi 
 l.-ill 
 WS 
 Jm 
 
 xi\ 
 
 :«ii) 
 41 r.) 
 
 4(111 
 KIS 
 4IH 
 IIIH 
 4*^4 
 
 
 PAIIK 
 
 
 ■■¥» 
 
 Cily of I'nelda. sieamship 
 
 ;»1H 
 
 Clly of Wuiuey. si earner . 
 
 Cily of San Iih'u'o. schooner 
 
 g.'iii 
 
 4,Vt 
 
 Clancey. Capl. Charles K 
 
 171 
 
 Clark. Cupt. Wlllium II 
 
 i.'«i 
 
 
 
 ChiuKh.Cupt. William H 
 
 IWl 
 
 
 !»■ 
 
 Coe.Capt. K.K 
 
 IIII 
 
 
 
 (!(«'. Cam. L. W 
 
 5(1 
 
 Cd'iir d Aleuo, HteumtT 
 
 xa 
 
 
 
 
 
 Collier. Wlllium H . 
 
 
 ColIiHier, Cupt. H 
 
 431 
 
 CoUver. Joseph 
 
 319 
 
 Colonel .Momly. steamer 
 
 »l 
 
 CnlHon. Cupt. Samuel 
 
 3,17 
 
 Columlila, ship 
 
 « 
 
 C^ilumhla, steumship 
 
 :« 
 
 Columhiu, Hteumship 
 
 375 
 
 Coluinhla. steamer 
 
 :tn 
 
 Cnlumbla Hur IMhits. IKV) 
 
 17 
 
 Columbiu Itiver Jetty 
 
 ;«i 
 
 Ciilumblu Uiver LlKhlshlp 
 
 4(11 
 
 Columbine, U. S. steamer 
 
 433 
 
 
 
 
 
 Conner. Cupt. U. C 
 
 .'1711 
 
 Connlck. Cupt. John T 
 
 141 
 
 Cool' .'apt. Jame.H 
 
 3 
 
 (•(Mikson, Frank 
 
 343 
 
 Coos, steamer 
 
 gm 
 
 C.Hiuilh' Itiver Mar 
 
 3711 
 
 Coiinille Water Front 
 
 :«ii 
 
 Coipililimi, sleumor 
 
 4(13 
 
 C'lsjrnive, ('apt. John 
 
 Mil 
 
 Couch. Cupt. John H 
 
 Ill 
 
 Coupe. Capt. ThnimiH 
 
 41 
 
 Cox. Kdwin . 
 
 :«i 
 
 Cniiiir, Cupt. Thnnius H 
 
 431 
 
 317 
 
 Crlm. ('upl.PftiT H . 
 
 CroHliy, Alfrcil 
 
 g.Ki 
 
 17 
 
 Crosliy. ('iip(. CliuirlcU 
 
 I3:i 
 
 ('iiiiniiiKhuin. H.ii 
 
 :i7» 
 
 
 
 CiUliT. ('u)it. M. F 
 
 447 
 
 Cyrus Wulkcr, Iuk 
 
 13" 
 
 lluisy AInswnrtI). Kt<>limi>r 
 
 gii7 
 
 Hull, Capt. Wlllium 
 
 ,11 
 
 lliillt'siif th<> Columbiu 
 
 IS3 
 
 Durlliii;. Ilfiirv 
 
 .177 
 
 llu\lilsiui..lohn 
 
 :t3ll 
 
 Iluvis. HiihiTt 
 
 377 
 
 lluvlH. Cupt. lioluud 
 
 ;«iii 
 
 lie IlulT. IVtiT 
 
 135 
 
 Iii'vcrcaux. Cuptuln 
 
 nil 
 
 He Wolf. Cupt. Suuuu'l .1 
 
 131 
 
 Illuuu, Kti-umi'r 
 
 nil 
 
 llli-nlorlT, Cupt. Wlllium 
 
 IBH 
 
 lloulH'. Cupt. W. ,1 
 
 11» 
 
 Dolililns, Cupt. I). W 
 
 KolcCupt. Thomus 
 
 :i5,i 
 
 187 
 
 Dolhollf, Cupt. John 
 
 HH 
 
 I>i)lphln. sti'umtT . 
 
 S« 
 
 Iloruii. Wlllium. 
 
 05 
 
 lioru SIcwui'tl. .sfliooncr 
 
 45(1 
 
 l)<»U(,'lass. Caiu. .-X 
 
 431 
 
 l)oiii.'la5s.Cupt. Snmiicl S 
 
 i:i7 
 
 llrulti'. Sir Fruni'is 
 
 
 Dri-nnon. .lumcN 
 
 :tgi 
 
 Iiryilock ul yiiurti'miustur Hurlior 
 
 :m3 
 
 llinilium, Cupt. H. W 
 
 353 
 
 lliiuhum, Cupt. J. F 
 
 381 
 
 K. B. Murvln. stiliooncr 
 
 451 
 
 K.lHTli'. Ailuni W 
 
 •'(17 
 
 K(l wards, Cupt. < 'liarh's 
 
 47, 145 
 
 F,il\vunl.s. Capt. K. S 
 
 413 
 
 F.U/u AiHlcrsoi]. steamer 
 
 7(1 
 
 F.lllott. W. A 
 
 Ki 
 
 DmUeii. Cupt. H. A 
 
 1.1« 
 
 Kniniu Huvwuril.sli-unier 
 
 1115 
 
 Knipn-ss of Chlnu. steamship . — 
 
 ItM 
 
 Kiiipressof liiiUa. steamship 
 
 frolltlsiil.'ee 
 
 iMiipressfif .lupau. steamship 
 
 am 
 
 Knterprlse. steamer 
 
 5(1 
 
 KrsUlm'. Capt. .Tames 
 
 431 
 
 KrsUlne. Cupt M. C 
 
 KM 
 
 KsMiilniult (iru\ ini; lloek 
 
 3111 
 
 Kttershauks.Cupt. William 
 
 131 
 
 Kureku. steamship 
 
 1117 
 
 Kvun^rel, steumer 
 
 31M 
 
 Kvuns.C. W 
 
 31H 
 
 PAni 
 
 Fuvorlte. lull iW 
 
 KeurlesH. tuif , 410 
 
 Fee, lluvlil F VI 
 
 I .Mows, A.J S15 
 
 heltoll. Cupl Churlen IIV 
 
 Ferev.Cupt. (leorxe It 4.11 
 
 FIni'll.Cupt. I). II 7(1 
 
 FIttvel. Cupl. (leiirffe, IKI 
 
 FleetHiKKl, Hteumer KM 
 
 Flyer, steumer M.mt 
 
 Finite, Cupt. Humillon R .HSI 
 
 Fow ler. Junies m AN) 
 
 FrunelH.Ciipt. K. H liai 
 
 Fruzer. Cupt. J. M (M 
 
 Fuller, (leorre F «7 
 
 (1. W. Shaver, steamer 
 
 »M 
 
 (lUKc Capl. John W 
 
 148 
 
 (lutes, John 
 
 Kll 
 
 (latter. Capt. Frank W 
 
 (leorwo K.Starr, steamer 
 
 IIKI 
 
 3711 
 
 (it*orKe W. F.lder, HteamKhIp 
 
 341 
 
 (•erlnule, Httuimer 
 
 ««• 
 
 tun. Samuel F 
 
 3MI 
 
 (Jlllesple.Cunt. H.J 
 
 (illllam, William A 
 
 .13(1 
 
 m 
 
 Cllman Capt. J. M 
 
 ,17 
 
 (Hide. Harry 
 
 4« 
 
 (iolluh. steamer 
 
 M 
 
 (lore. Charles. 
 
 3111 
 
 (lore, Capt. (JeorKc 
 
 3111 
 
 (lore, Capt. John T 
 
 ■£» 
 
 (love. Cupl. A. II 
 
 tl3 
 
 (iove.Cupt. 1, W 
 
 41 
 
 (love, Cupt. (leorije W .... 
 
 (love. Cupt. William 
 
 'Jdl 
 
 rjii 
 
 (■rant. Captain 
 
 4;« 
 
 (irappler, steamship 
 
 313 
 
 (Jray. Capt. A. W 
 
 Il>» 
 
 (Jray.Capt. J. H. I) 
 
 M 
 
 dray. ('apt. Robert 
 
 11 
 
 (;rav. Clint. William P 
 
 S5H 
 
 (Ireal n .iiblie. steamship 
 
 aw 
 
 (Ireuorv. Cupt. W. A 
 
 :v» 
 
 (Irimtlis. .lames 
 
 IIH 
 
 (Irlnwald, Cliurles H 
 
 mi 
 
 (Irouuds. Capt. M 
 
 31 
 
 droves. Capt. H. T 
 
 331 
 
 dulmlon, Cupt. J. M. 
 
 71 
 
 (iunderson. Cupl. Churles S 
 
 IWO 
 
 dussle Telfair, steamship 
 
 174 
 
 Hackett. Capt. F 
 
 447 
 
 Halcvon, schooner 
 
 4;»4 
 
 Hall, Capt. W. H. H 
 
 41) 
 
 
 
 Harkins. Harry 
 
 378 
 
 Harold, ("apt . Thomus 
 
 431 
 
 Harris, Cupt. Ileujamin 
 
 344 
 
 Harris, ('apt. Churles . . 
 
 447 
 
 
 
 
 
 HasHulo shoot Ini; Ihe (.^aseades 
 
 -374 
 
 Haslhi).'s. Capt. 1.. M 
 
 53 
 
 Hatch. Capt. Z. J 
 
 3»l 
 
 Hultlidd.Cupt. Job 
 
 34 
 
 Hultli'lil. Cupt. John A 
 
 -Mi 
 
 Huvden.Cupt. Wlllium O 
 
 1.13 
 
 Heater. Cuin. tli'orire 
 
 4311 
 
 Heuilerson.cupt. William 
 
 170 
 
 Henley. .Nell 
 
 33« 
 
 Henrletlu. sehooner 
 
 4511 
 
 HIeks.Cupt. lloliert 
 
 143 
 
 mil, Cupt. Duvld H 
 
 373 
 
 Hill, Cupt. Jumi's 
 
 
 Hill. Capt. Minnie 
 
 3311 
 
 Hinsdale, Cupt. Sylvester 
 
 45 
 
 Hohson. Capt. Itieliard 
 
 147 
 
 Hoirebmim. L. V 
 
 71 
 
 HoUaduv, Heu 
 
 1.13 
 
 Holluud. Cupt. John J 
 
 im 
 
 Holmes. Cupt. Wlllium 
 
 377 
 
 Horton. William .V 
 
 ,1A 
 
 Houston. Henry 
 
 •.'■il 
 
 Howard. Cupt. K.dwurd 
 
 113 
 
 Howell, Cupt. .lelTerson U 
 
 3'J3 
 
 Howidl, JohnJ 
 
 111! 
 
 Howes. Cupt. 1{. K 
 
 ,Klll 
 
 Hovt. Cui>l. (ieoriJe W. 
 
 
 Hoyt.Cupl. Hlehunl, ,Sr 
 
 
 Hnyl.Cupt. Itlehanl, Jr 
 
 
 Hoyt. I'upt. , Samuel A 
 
 317 
 
 Hnmphri'v, Capl. O. J 
 
 .113 
 
 Hnnllndl i, Cupt. Thomas 
 
 H3 
 
 Hustler, Cupt J. a 
 
 3.1,47 
 
 Farley, Capt. Haniel fio 
 
 Farnsworth. Capt. A. C 47 
 
 Farrell. John 151 
 
 Furrer, Capt. Erwin a95 
 
 Favorite, schooner 449 
 
 Idaho, steamship, wreek ."Hfc) 
 
 Idaho, steamer a-i 
 
 hm'alls. N. U 43 
 
 Insley. Capt. Asbury m 
 
 IrvlDK. Capt. John 303 
 
 IrvlDK, Capt. William jm 
 
 Islandeft steamship 359 
 
xxii 
 
 IM.rSTRATIONB 
 
 J M Ciili'nmn. liiK Ml 
 
 .lurkiihtHin. rapt. Vli'ti»r 447 
 
 Jut'Uaim. ('«pl II II IIHI 
 
 jHrkiioa, ('Hpl. Johu II :it 
 
 .lavknno. Cupl. Hunnu'l MM 
 
 .ltt|{<trH. C'apt. JtihD K nil 
 
 June A. FttlkcDlHTK, harkvDtlDe 17 
 
 Ji'lToiill. J. K ICN 
 
 •ImililnHH, IkTrvmnn tf 
 
 Ji'iinlnKA. Chttrli'H II 4M 
 
 Jrntmt', Ciipt. iltHtrii** <M 
 
 tlimn, Ntrumttr 4iKi 
 
 .liihD OiilON, Ntciimrr , llhH 
 
 .liihnwm, ('ii|» Chiirli'D F HM 
 
 .liihiiMDn, I'upt- Krir 177 
 
 Jiilinnim. Ciipl I'liM !fl 
 
 .ItihnMiiu, ('»pi VVillluro iMi 
 
 JnucH, ('apt. Clmrlt'M II th 
 
 Jiinm t'lipi. P. II HIM 
 
 Jiinlun. Ciipl. K. W. V7.t 
 
 JonllMin, I'upi. John 'jWi 
 
 Kumm.Cnpt.Chiirli'x T •£*> 
 
 Kttmin, Ju(>ol4 .'II 
 
 Kflliilii. Nlt'iimur >ti\ 
 
 Kiitf, Mi<liiN>Qitr 4A) 
 
 Kathi'rini*. Nrhmiuer 4M 
 
 Ki'i'Di', Ciipl. J. W. 
 Ki'lliT, t:iipt. A. W. .. 
 Kt'lloKif. <*upt. .loHeph 
 Ki'nufMly, lliivlil 
 
 Klllim.Clipl. TIlomilH 
 
 Kliiilml, ('iipl 11.0 
 
 KH 
 77 
 
 ■a 
 Xin 
 IH7 
 •*■' 
 
 KuilKKt- (It^rKc II tVI 
 
 Kniilt. Amln^w .1 ;c«l 
 
 KiMTDiT. I'upl. wmliim H «« 
 
 KohU'iiui.WMlliim IM 
 
 KooteDllt. Mtciinier 15*7 
 
 Kriift,('»pi Clmrlea F U 
 
 Ijillmiu'hi'n'. Hli'umHhlp H."l 
 
 Lulntf. Clint. Aniln'W *!7 
 
 l..illn»I. HolMTt W 
 
 Lumpmiiii. Heory I3« 
 
 l.ilDcCupt. Nnt H. Jr a« 
 
 Llini'.Ciipl. Nut H.Sr 117 
 
 l.iirklu.s.l'upl. W. K .im 
 
 LiirH(>u. .lohn :i)lt 
 
 IjiuiifhlUK (if HL'hnoncr Nnrthwt-Nt America It 
 
 I.iiw, Wllllum liil 
 
 Luwtor. DtillDlH I7.S 
 
 Lee, ('apt. Heorxe A nil) 
 
 Leedn. Cupl. J.mlah H IW 
 
 Lennen. C'upt. J. E 14'J 
 
 l.e»l», Caul Herbert 4il 
 
 l,e»l«, Wfllhini .till 
 
 Mlil)ie. sclnM)uer l.'Sll 
 
 I.II1I1.V.C. W .'«m 
 
 Mttle Aonte, Hteamer AN) 
 
 Liieke. I'upl.l'iillu K 447 
 
 i.iH-ke.cupt. I,. I" ;«» 
 
 lAiK Hatt Vm 
 
 LtMiluiH. (*apt. L. A *W 
 
 Irfinl. Hurry II1.I 
 
 LnreDZ. i'upt. K i:«i 
 
 LiiM AllKcleH. HteuiitNllIp 1.'I7 
 
 Lot Whltoiinib. Hieamer :*t 
 
 Love. ('apt. Kri'il H 1*1 
 
 Low. ('apt. Charles vlll 
 
 Lmllow, Kev. J. I' am 
 
 Lytton, Kteanier '.IH*,' 
 
 Maekie, Cupt. I'eter 
 
 MadttfUD. Ileujaniin 
 
 MuKKie Mae. HclKHiuer, crewof IMII 
 
 Muuza Ita, steumer 
 
 March int. Capt.lleorne 
 
 Marsh 111, John 
 
 MurshuU. Wllllum H 
 
 Murnllllol. M. (! 
 
 Martin. Captain 
 
 Mary Klleu. Kchooner 
 
 Mascot t. schooner 
 
 Mutliews, Cupl. II. A 
 
 Maud S.. schooner 
 
 May Helle, schiMiuer 4.17 
 
 Mcf-lur.', Wllllum 
 
 McCoy, Cupl ■!• A 
 
 McCoskrli'. ('apt. K 
 
 AlcCulloch, Cupt. Wllllum — 
 
 McCully, A.A 
 
 McCully, Alfred 
 
 McCully. Uuvid 
 
 McIliTmott, I). A 
 
 MclX'rmott, Frank 
 
 McUoUKUll, Cupt. W. D 
 
 McKUL'uny, l-Mwurd 
 
 Met lee, Cupl. Jumes 
 
 Mctilll. Jeremluh 
 
 Mcfiruth. Capt. Luke 
 
 Mclutyn-, Capt..lumes 
 
 Mclver.Jumes 
 
 Mcitay, Capt. Hugh 
 
 McKlel.Capt.il. K 
 
 McLean, Cupt. Alex 
 
 McLean, t:apt. Dan 
 
 McLi-an, Capt. LauKhlln 
 
 McLeiHl. Cupt. John 
 
 McNeil. Capt. William 
 
 McNulty. Capt. .lohn — 
 
 McVlcur, Capt. U. J 
 
 Moares. Capt. John 
 
 Meek. Col. Joe 
 
 Messegee, Capt. tleorKC U 
 
 Meyers. Capt. Wllllum 
 
 Miller, Capt. J. D 
 
 ><lller, Capt. Sebastian 
 
 Miner, Capt. E, P 
 
 :tK 
 111 
 r.w 
 xn 
 
 IS,-. 
 
 .">; 
 'iiiii 
 ■in 
 4:11 
 4:« 
 4.VJ 
 :!,tl 
 444 
 4,V1 
 'JM4 
 '411 
 41V4 
 
 117 
 
 5K 
 ;tHH 
 
 M 
 hlH 
 41.1 
 4:11 
 
 IW 
 177 
 till 
 4»l 
 l».''i 
 .'ISII 
 *£• 
 4»l 
 4'.>7 
 4'i7 
 4.11 
 4:tl 
 
 •:»> 
 11.1 
 
 4 
 
 ■»»< 
 
 »6 
 •JH 
 45 
 
 43g 
 
 Minnie, Hchtsiner 
 
 MUchli'l. Nteam Mchtsmnr 
 
 Mllcllell. Cupl H. C 
 
 Mitchell. Capt Wllllum 
 
 Monterey, Tnlled Htuiea itganwr , 
 
 MnnlHcrrut, Nteumshlp 
 
 MiKKly. Cupl. K.J 
 
 Moore, J. W 
 
 Moore, Cupl W II 
 
 Moore. Capt Wllllum 
 
 Alorun. Putrick 
 
 Moritan, capt James 
 
 Morirun. Iiavlil 
 
 Morrison. Capt Daniel 
 
 Morse, I'upt. II (I 
 
 Molt. Klljah 
 
 Mouull.Caiil Wllllum 
 
 Mountain. Capt. ThoniUM..,. 
 
 Mullnomah, steamer 
 
 Munnie.Cupl. W. F 
 
 Miinsle, Wllllum 
 
 Millison, Cupl. J. I> 
 
 Mnrriiy. Cupt. Alexander Hlnclulr. . 
 
 I'AOK 
 . KB 
 . X» 
 . 1711 
 1117 
 
 mi 
 
 417 
 
 'JIIU 
 
 . 117 
 
 . 4111 
 
 . «•.' 
 . IW 
 . ITS 
 . 4I>I 
 
 . mi 
 . iii'j 
 . 1,'ti 
 
 , Kl 
 . '41 
 . .11 
 . ',1111 
 . 4«< 
 111'.' 
 
 . :vi 
 
 Nanalmii Harts. r Iivi 
 
 Nellie, steamer <4,1 
 
 .Nelson, Cupl. A 4,11 
 
 .Nelson, steumer ,'lir,> 
 
 Newhull. Fruuk II .1IA 
 
 Nlhlu'. Cupt. John H .'11*1 
 
 Nichols. Cupt KdwnnI ... n-i 
 
 Nichols. Cupl. Melvllli. IITl 
 
 NlKhllnKule, William ... K^i 
 
 North I'aclHc. steamer IHli 
 
 Noyes, Cupt. Allen .. IIV 
 
 (Vllrlen. Cupl John ,1v'4 
 
 (K'klahama. sleumur .141 
 
 (lilel. Isuuc IIVS 
 
 Oilln, Cupl. Krunk CTI 
 
 IHIln. Cuiit. (ieorite ■»» 
 
 (VHaru, Charles 'Js-J 
 
 (Ihlo. sleumer Hill 
 
 O'Leary, Capt William 4,'«i 
 
 Oliver, ('apt J. L 171 
 
 Oluey. Cupt. Hiram J .'IWi 
 
 (llney. Cupt. Kane i'i.1 
 
 Olymplu. steamer 170 
 
 Olympian, steamer 31,1 
 
 tVNell, l)an '.Ii 
 
 ONell, Michael ,1111 
 
 Oueonla, steamer 114 
 
 Oreifon. steamship ... .Ml 
 
 OretfOD, steamship *J(lrt 
 
 Orltlamme. steamship I.V.* 
 
 <lrl/ulia, steamship I,1K 
 
 Oscar anil Battle, schtKiner 4,'W 
 
 Otter, H, II, (k>, sleumer 4il 
 
 Otto, schooner 4.VI 
 
 Pacltlc. steamship 
 
 Painphlet. Ctipt. 'rhomus 
 
 I'lipe. Henry 
 
 I*unluu. Ilavlil 
 
 I'arker. Capt. J. (1 
 
 Pallerson. Captain. 
 
 I'utlrrson, Cupl. W. H 
 
 Paxton. Capt. Henry 
 
 IN'ilse, Capt. A. L 
 
 IN'use, Capt. (ieo.'Ke 
 
 I'eut'lope, sclUKiiier 
 
 I*eniuse, Captain 
 
 IMIlshiiry, Cupt. A. II 
 
 IMntrslou, Capt. A. F 
 
 Pioneer, schiHiticr 
 
 PolitUorskv, steamer 
 
 Pope, Capt W. II 
 
 Portlanil, OreKon. In ls.V< 
 
 Port lock. ('apt. Nutliaiilel 
 
 Pratt. Capt. L. K .. 
 
 Premier, steamer, after WlUumetlecnlllsUm 
 
 Preyost, Admiral James 
 
 Princess Louise, steamer 
 
 Pronresslsl, Dritlsh turret steamer — 
 
 ',►^4 
 14(1 
 
 am 
 
 lli.'i 
 .■Wi 
 1(17 
 •£¥\ 
 411 
 1»,1 
 
 4411 
 4 
 
 1114 
 lis 
 4ffi 
 I.W 
 
 :bi 
 711 
 
 .1 
 i:iii 
 lin 
 t^< 
 
 I7II 
 
 4'j;i 
 
 (jueenof the Pncltlc. sle.imship ail 
 
 (jnenell, Edward lai 
 
 H. Mller, steamer ;iKll 
 
 H. P. Illthet. steamer -.W 
 
 H. II. Thompson, steamer 'ift' 
 
 Haatie. Capt. Oeorjre 'i'W 
 
 Uackllff. Capt. William K .1-i 
 
 Haiulsiw. steamer 33.1 
 
 Ratnbone, Capt. E. J .TSI 
 
 Heed. ('apt. Oram ille \'ih 
 
 Ke«nlat(ir, steiimer .ISH 
 
 Ueliance. Itrillsh steamer Ill 
 
 Helliince. Willainetle Kiver steamer ft7 
 
 Itepulillc, steamship hi 
 
 H lute, tuif 34i> 
 
 Heynolds.Capl. Fjlward H (17 
 
 ItichanI liush.l'niled atntes steamer :l'« 
 
 llicharilson. ( 'upl. Charles 314 
 
 llickards. Albert .'tlH 
 
 Riddle, Capluin Tli 
 
 Roberts, Cant. (Jcorire ;t.M 
 
 Robertson, (Jupt. Jumes %!() 
 
 Robertson, John 171 
 
 Robinson, Cupt. Duyid I.M 
 
 Ro>?i'rs, Moses 47 
 
 Rc'sters, Capt. .N. L IWi 
 
 Rosalie, steamer 414 
 
 Rose, steumer Idl 
 
 Rose. Benjamin V 101 
 
 Rudlln, Capt. George Ul 
 
 I'AOK 
 
 Halilslon.Capl John W 
 
 Hulilston, Cupl John, Jr Ml 
 
 Hulmond.Ciipl Colin n 
 
 Hanlsirn. Cupl I. 11 n 
 
 Han Pedro, steamship, wreok M 
 
 Haruti IMxou. steamer.. flwi 
 
 Hilnloiiyx. steamship WB 
 
 Hauey I. ass, schisiner U0 
 
 Haw ver. Cupt. Cliurles IHB 
 
 Scurf, (apt Oscar ..Ml 
 
 Heolt. Pirry «|| 
 
 Hi'oll.('ap(. r, II till 
 
 Healiurv. Capt Wllllum II «U 
 
 Heulirs Rende/ioiis, Victoria harlHir 4M 
 
 Heuton. Captain 4ai 
 
 Heat lie. Wash . in IDM «I4 
 
 Heu Waif, hrlg Wn 
 
 Hi idea, (apt J W. Wt 
 
 Hi'weil, John II m» 
 
 Heymoui'. Cupt, W, II !M 
 
 Hhuver. 1 upl. llisirKe M IMI 
 
 Hhaver. (apt, J W Ml 
 
 Hliaver. Mnciiln DM 
 
 Hhi-ni'iidoali, ('onfeilerati> privateer 141 
 
 Sherman, ( 'apt . Frisl mv 
 
 Shields, Capl. EC 447 
 
 Shields. Cupt Wllllum 447 
 
 Hhoollni; Heals in llerlnK flett 44ft 
 
 Sliiirl. Miles «n 
 
 Hhori, (upl. Sherman V mi 
 
 Short, Cuix W. P jHft 
 
 Shubrleh. rnited Slates steamer IM 
 
 Sidl.lirig MH 
 
 Siewuril.Cupl. II F 447 
 
 Hinipsiin.Capt AM 74 
 
 Hinipsim. William Hill 
 
 Hinclalr. ('apt. cian'iice W am 
 
 Sir James Ihiugias, sieamiir I4ti 
 
 Sitka, Alusku ISA 
 
 HkUiiier, Thomus !U4 
 
 .Smith. Captain 4.11 
 
 Snillh, Capl. Henry IWI 
 
 Smith. Capt. J. L OA 
 
 Smith. Reuben .... IW 
 
 Sinllli, 'riiomas tH 
 
 Smith, T. V 117 
 
 Smith, Capl Wi llinm llM 
 
 .Snisjualmle, steamer 37(1 
 
 .Snow. Capt. Joseph IIM 
 
 Sn.vder. ('apt. Levi mn 
 
 Spencer. Capt. E. W. 431 
 
 Sperry. Charles. .. 194 
 
 Sprint, Capt. Joseph 17ft 
 
 Siirlnii. Charles 44(1 
 
 .Spring, Capl. V'liliam 44(1 
 
 Stalker. Capt. Hugh 1411 
 
 Hlundard. steamer 4(H 
 
 Staiilev. Jumes IID 
 
 Staples, (apt (ieorge W Illl 
 
 .star of Oregon. scluMuier 'Hi 
 
 Slate of California, steamship 'Jrts 
 
 Steele, William A i:« 
 
 StelTi lohn F it4ft 
 
 Stetson.Capt. W. F liMI 
 
 .Stevens. Cup:. Irving H7 
 
 .Strang ('.(It. .lames \fi 
 
 Stump I'homas ti^ 
 
 Sulllv,.n, Capl. Edward :IVI 
 
 Hulton, .lohn 41M 
 
 Swain, Waller .KM 
 
 Swanson, Cupt. , lohn 41) 
 
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 InCKNTIVKS roK MAKINK KxTMIRATION in TIIK PacII'IC NoKTIIWKST Mac.KI.I.AN HnTKKS TIIH rACIlTC - 
 MKNI>ip/.A DlSl'ATCIIKS TIIK FlKST Fl.KKT TO SkAKCII I'iiR Tiri< NoKTIlWI-ST I'ASSAflK AkKIVAI. 
 Ol' SiK I'KANCIS DkAKK ANI> TIIK " (iol.DHN HiNK "— JlAN l)K I'lCAS DlSCOVKKY VVkKCK Oi' TIIK 
 
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 ri)Hi'r.(n.K ANii Dixon Akhivk, i7Hri -Likitknant Mkakks and tiik " Nootka " — I.ArNCiUNc, oi' 
 TIIK Imkst N'ksski. in tim; N'oktiiwkstMi'Akks ICntkks Till-: Stkaits ok Jian i>k FrcA— Abkivai, 
 OK (Ikav and Kknukick with tiik " Coi.i.miiia " and "Lady Wasiiincton "—Spain Ski/.ks 
 AM. Kkiiisii Vksski.s in miik Nortiiwkst -Cakt. (iiii>K(;K X'anl'oi'vkk Akkivhs with tiik 
 
 " DlSCOVKKV" AND " Cll ATII A M " -CiK A Y IvNI'KKS AND NaMKS TIIK Col.lMlllA GROWTH OK TIIK KlR 
 
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 AT TIIK MoiTH OK TIIK Col.lMlllA -FaTK; oI' TIIK " ToNoriN " — SCHOONKKS " N'ANCOIVKR " AND 
 "DoI.I.Y" I.Al'NCHKD -W'KKCK OK TIIK "Wll.l.IAM AND ANN"— TlIK I'lONKKR STKAMKK " HKAYKR" 
 
 .\kkivi;s—I,oi. HOOKS Ol Stkami;r "Ukavkk" and Schoonkr " Vancoivkr" — H. .M. S. ".Silkiu'r," 
 
 OOKINfi Imckwiird into the dim and sliadowy past until historical record loses itself in legend 
 and uncertain tradition, wc find that, from the time old Father Noah started on his celel)rated 
 crnise with the ark, down to the present inoineiit, the men who navigated the waters of the earth 
 were the pioneers of civilization. Centuries before steam and electricity began the work 
 of building modern cities with magical rai)idity, the mariner's compass was nuidinj; brave 
 navigators to every corner of this globe, enabling them to lay the foundations of a 
 civilization which has since brought all nations on the face of the earth almost within 
 speaking distance of each other. This spirit of iiiaritime coiupiest. finding no other worlds 
 to compter, eventually turned its attention to the territory which it had already brought to 
 the notice of the world, and it is of the growth of this imlustry in the Northwest that this work treats. 
 
 Until about one hundred years ago, the mariners who sailed around the North Pacific Coast paid but little 
 attention to its commercial advantages, but instead persisted in pursuing that marine if^iiis f'aliiiis, the Straits of 
 Anian. This mythical body of water was heard of as far back as about i.soj, when a Portuguese navigator, 
 Claspar Cortereal, in sailing around the North Atlantic in 1499, lost himself in what was afterward known as 
 Hud.son Hay. Cortereal spent considerable lime in this large expanse of water, and, returning home, reported that 
 he had discovered the straits which were supposed to connect the Atlantic '.'ith the Pacific. This short route to 
 the Orient he chri.stened the " Straits of Anian," a name whose origin has always been enveloped in conflicting 
 traditions too hazy to be authentic, some historical \vriters even claiming that Cortereal was not responsible for 
 the name, and that it originated with the Cabots, who were in the exploring business at the same time. Two 
 oft-advanced theories of the origin of the name are : First, that it was taken from a province in Asia named .Ania, 
 or the Isle of Anian, — a very plausible theory, as the newly discovered waterway was .suppo.se<l to lead to these 
 Oriental provinces ; Second, that Cortereal evolved the name from that of his brother Anus, who accompanied 
 him on the expedition when he made the great discovery. 
 
 Inasmuch as no less an important navigator than Christopher Columbus had spent considerable time in 
 searching for this passage, the importance of Cortereal's alleged discovery can be better appreciated ; and for a 
 great many years the merchants of the Old World continued wasting their money trying to get vessels through the 
 mythical straits. Along in the sixteenth century they wearied of continually sailing up against the eastern coast, 
 and for a change came round to the Pacific to l)egin their search for the western terminus of the alleged marine 
 highway. In 1519 Magellan found his way into the Pacific via ihe straits which bear his name. He mistook 
 
Lewis cf Drydvn's Mnrlne History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 \Ua 
 
 Terra del Fuego for the northern end of another continent, and Spain, by taking possession of the straits, flattered 
 herself that she held the only gateway to the Pacific. New Spain then sprang into existence, and a splendid 
 trade with the Orient was established. The Spaniards, however, paid but little attention to the Straits of Anian 
 until 1542, when Don Antonio Mendoza, who presided over the destinies of Central America, or New Spain, 
 fitted out two small vessels, the San Sahador ? .u\ the Vidoiia, and sent them north under command of Juan 
 Rodriguez Cabrillo to seach for them. Cabrillo died in January, 1543, and HartolonK' I'errelo, who .incceeded him 
 in command of the expedition, continued the voyage, reaching about the 44th parallel, where he landed, returning, 
 though, without making any special discoveries. Spain's undisputed sway 0:1 tiie Pacific continued until i,S7>>, 
 when Francis Drake, who was sometliing less of a pirate than Captain Kidd, came through the Straits of Magellan 
 with the Golden f'ind, and proceeded up the coast, leaving a wake of terror and devastation behind him. He 
 plundered the ports and the Spanish galleons, and left only that which he could not carry away. Fearing 
 retribution in the way of a Si)anish man-of-war if he attempted to return through tlie straits, he started northward, 
 hoping to find the .Straits of Anian. Authorities differ as to the latitude reached by Drake, 4;,° and 48° both 
 being given as the most northerly point reached by him. However, he failed to find the fabled passage, and 
 turned back for home by the same route he came, stopping on the way for five weeks on the Californian coast 
 in what is now known as Drake's Bay. 
 
 He reached I-'ngland with his rich cargo uf plunder, was knighted and made much of, and the days of 
 Spanish supremacy on the Pacific were numbered ; for Drake's success induced a great number of others to follow 
 in his tracks and .spread ruin among the possessions of New Spain. Among the most noteworthy of the.se 
 freebooters was Thomas Cavendish, and many prizes fell to his lot, the most prominent historically l)eiiig the 
 
 Sania Anna, a .Spanish Kast India vessel which had been dispatched in 
 search of the straits. The crew of the Santa Anna included two men 
 whose names were destined to live in history, — ^Juan de Fuca and 
 Sebastian Vizcaino. After the capture of their ves.sel they drifted back 
 to Mexico, and five years later, in 1592, De Fuca set sail from San Bias 
 in a small Spanish vessel and immortalized himself by di.scovering what 
 was then thought to be the Northwest Passage, but which is now known 
 as tlie straits which bear his name. 
 
 Of Juan de Fuca but little is known, and tlie most authentic 
 account of his discovery is in a historical collection called "The 
 Pilgrims," published in 1625 by Samuel Purchas. In this a note by 
 Michael Lock, the elder, reads as follows : 
 
 "I met ill Venice, in I,S95. an olil Greek niiiriner calkil Juan rle I'lU'a, hul 
 wlio.se real name was .Vposlolo.s Valerianos, who .slated that in 1592 he sailed in a 
 small caravel from Mexico in the service of Spain, alon^ tlie ."oasts of Mexico and 
 California, until he came to the latitude of 47 , and there, finding that the land 
 trended north and northeast, with a liroad inlet of sea, helween 47 anil 4,S' of 
 latitude, he entere<l, sailing; therein more than twenty days; and at tlie eiurance of 
 the said strait there is. (jii the northwest coast thereof, a jifreat headland or island, 
 with an exceeding hij:;li liinnacle or spired rock, like a pillar thereupon." 
 
 SIK FK.V.NCIi l)K.\Ki; 
 
 Many historical writers have (juestioned tiie trutli of De Fuca's 
 story, but there are .so many reasons for believing that it is in the main 
 correct, that it will be generally accepted as history. Inasmuch as it is not recorded in which direction or how- 
 fast he sailed, he may have strayed into the Gulf of (Veorgia and circumnavigated Vancouver Islar.d in his 
 twenty-day trip. The principal grounds on which many historians based their argiiments for doubting the 
 story of De Fuca's discovery .seem to have been the existence of numberless iiicredil)le tales of voyages through 
 the alleged straits, which had a tendency to throw discredit on a genuine discovery. 
 
 De Fuca's old shipmate, Sebastian Vizcaino, came north in 160,^ under orders from King Philip III., 
 reaching .\\' north, where he discovered a river, probal)ly the Umpqua, but was uiia1)le to enter it and returned 
 to Acapulco, the captain and his pilot, Antonio Flores, dying on the way back. This, for a time, .settled the 
 .search, but many still believed the story told by De Fuca, although nearly a couple of centuries rolled by before 
 Spain made any gr^at effort to again find the long-sought-for straits. 
 
 In 1772, according to well-authenticated stories and traditions, one of Spain's Oriental fleet, while on a 
 voyage from China, laden with beeswax and Chinese bric-a-brac, was blown to the northward and wrecked near 
 the mouth of the Columbia. Most historical writers have given the location of this wreck as being on the 
 north side of the Columbia, but there is a strong probability that the scene of the wreck was near the mouth of the 
 Nehalem River, at which place large quantities of beeswax have been and are still being found. Aside from the 
 presence of the beeswax and other traces of the wreck, the Tillamook Indians have had the story handed 
 down with considerable accuracy. Adam, a Tillamook chief who died at Tillamook a few years ago, and who 
 was a remarkably intelligent Indian, told the writer that his father, when a young man, had witnessed tlie wreck, 
 and that all of the crew were drowned. As Adam was over one hundred years old at the time of his death, there 
 is no reason to doubt that the Nehalem beeswax ship, of which so much has been written, was identical with the 
 one wrecked in 1772. 
 
 It 
 
■'% 
 
 Eciiiivst VoyHc/ea in tliv Northwest, Advent of Steam Navigation 
 
 lie straits, flattered 
 ice, and a splendid 
 le Straits of Anian 
 ca, or New Spain, 
 command of Juan 
 vho .succeeded him 
 
 landed, returning, 
 tinned until 1.S7.S, 
 straits of Magellan 
 
 behind him. He 
 • away. Fearing 
 started northward, 
 4;,° and 4,S° both 
 ibled passage, and 
 e Oalifornian coast 
 
 jf, and the days of 
 of others to follow 
 iteworthy of these 
 torically being the 
 jeen dispatched in 
 included two men 
 lan de Fnca and 
 they drifted back 
 sail from San Ulas 
 ; discovering what 
 lich is now known 
 
 le most authentic 
 ion called " The 
 In this a note by 
 
 1 Jiiaii (le iMioa, but 
 15112 liu sailed in a 
 oasis of Mexico and 
 ndinn lliat llie land 
 cen 47 and 4S' of 
 d al tile entrance of 
 
 lieadland or island, 
 •eupon." 
 
 itli of i)e Kuca's 
 I it is in the main 
 direction or how 
 ver Islar.d in his 
 for doubting the 
 voyages through 
 
 <iiig Philip HI., 
 
 M- it and returned 
 
 time, .settled the 
 
 rolled by before 
 
 fleet, while on a 
 ml wrecked near 
 as being on the 
 the mouth of the 
 Aside from the 
 he story handed 
 irs ago, aud who 
 lessed the wreck, 
 f his death, there 
 lentical with the 
 
 CaI'T. JAMKS C(H»K 
 
 in August, 1774, Juan Perez in command, the Spanish transport Sa/i//aj>o discovered the west coast of 
 Queeu Charlotte's Island, aud entered what Captain Cook afterward called Nootka Sound. From there Perez 
 sailed .south and found nothing. In 1775 Perez was followed by two other vessels, the Saiiliniro aud the Soitora, 
 
 the former in command of Hruno Ileceta, with Perez as pilot, the other by 
 Lieut. Bodega Quadra. Tlie Sdii/ingo made the land in 48° 27' and crept 
 cautiou.sly down the coast, keeping close in-.shore, but failing to find the 
 much-sought straits. Ileceta, however, came very near blundering on a most 
 imiioitaut discovery. He sailed up to the mouth of a .seeming large river, 
 but, being unable to enter, he concluded it was of no great importance, and 
 sailed away after naming the high promontory at its entrance Cape St. Roc, 
 a name which the Spaniards afterward transferred to the river, although it 
 was left for an American to rediscover and make known its grand commercial 
 advantages. Quadra, who was accompanied by Antonio Maurelle as pilot, 
 went up as far as sH°. l)ut, like his superior ofiicer, returned to San Hlas with 
 nothing of importance to report. 
 
 In [776 Capt. James Cook, with his .ships Rcvoliilioii and Discoveiv, did 
 considerable exploring in North Pacific waters. He also was looking for the 
 Straits of Juan de Fnca, and sailed right up to Cape Flattery, which he named. 
 He did not waste nuich time in this vicinity, and ornamented his log-book 
 with a sneering reference to De Fnca' s discovery, that has since been frequently 
 ([uoted as an argument against the truth of it, although it certainly reflects 
 more discredit on Cook than on the old Greek navigator. The entry in Cook's log reads as follows: "It 
 is in this very latitude where we now are that geographers have placed the pretended Straits of Juan de Fuca. 
 Hut we saw nothing like it, nor is there the least ))robability that ever any such existed." He then sailed 
 for Nootka Sound, which he reached safely. Cook went north from Nootka and discovered Cook's Inlet, 
 thence to Bristol Bay and named Cape Prince of Wales, crui.sed around the Alaskan coast and islands for a long 
 time, aud then went south in Jaiuiary, 1778, discovering the Hawaiian Islands and naming them after Lord 
 Sandwich. March 7, 1778, he sighted land near the Umpqua River, but was driven to the .south, afterward 
 going north again. Following Cook in 1779, the Spaniards sent north their farewell exploring expedition. The 
 vessels Fiivon'hi and /'niicisa, coiruiauded by Lieutenants Arteaga and Quadra, sailed from San Bias early in 
 February, and spent nearly the entire year exploring the Northwest coast, a greater part of the time being spent 
 in Alaska. On their return the King of Spain decided that they owned the Northwest coast and that further 
 exploration was umiecessary. Several years elap.sed before the arrival of another ve.s.sel, but in April, 1785, 
 Ca])t. James Hauna, with a si.xty-ton brig and a crew of twenty men, .sailed from Canton and arrived at Nootka 
 in August. Hauna must have been reasonably successful, for he returned with a larger ve.s.sel the following year, 
 the Sra Olli-r, 120 tons. The same year a mercantile association .styled, "The King George's Sound Company," 
 was formed in Loidon. This as.sociation fitted out two ships, the h'iiig Croixr. commanded by Capt. Nathaniel 
 Portlock, aud the O/itrii C'/'itu/c//i\ Capt. George Di.xon. These ships' sailed from London in August, arriving at 
 Cook's Iidet July ly, 17S6. Portlock, on coming up from the Sandwich Islands, 
 went into Coal Harbor, Cook , Inlet and to use his own words was "not a little 
 mortified" to find representatives of .some other nation there ahead of him. The.se 
 were some Russians, who had left their vessel at Kodiak aud were down there on a 
 trading expedition in small boats. 
 
 Portlock sailed fro.n Cook's Inlet for Nootka, but could not reach it and so 
 returned to the islands. He came back to Nootka again in May, 17.S7, and found 
 the snow- A'oolka, in command of Lieut. John Mearcs of the ICuglish navy, who 
 had left Bengal in May, "So, and, arriving at Prince William's Sound in October, 
 had wintered there, many of his ciew dying of scurvy. The Sia Ollrr. Captain 
 Tipping, had been there ahead of the A'oo/Zm aud gathered up so many furs that 
 Portlock decided to push on for King ticorge's Sound at once. He traded there a 
 
 while and then went to China and thence to Ivngland. The Noolka was flying the cmt. NArnAMKE. poktukk 
 flag of the Fast fndia Company, which had dispatched two vessels from Calcutta, I'^oinapriin puiiii»iiedni i.on.iun, l:^., 
 one of which was lost ofl" the coast of Kamchatka. The Koothi. however, nuide a safe aud prosperous voyage. 
 The Bombay merchants, under the direction;-, of James Strange, .sent two vessels at the same time that 
 Meares .set out from Bengal. They were the snow Coplaiii Cook, Captain Lori<', three hundred tons, and the snow 
 
 ' '•'''<-' Queen ( 'liiiil,itle''i ullicers \vere : Captain, Cteor^fe Dixon ; mates, John IC Carew, James Turner, CteorKe White ; surgeon, 
 William Lander ; assistant trailer, William Hercsford ; steward, Henry I''orrester ; lio.itswain, John C.atenliv; carpeiUer, John Sailler ; 
 and twenty-four seamen. The Kill); (,'etiii;i; ,120 tons, was ollicered by the following : Captain, Natlianiel't'ortlock ; mates, WiUian! 
 Mcl.eoil, Samuel llayward, John Christlemau ; surgeon, James llo^an ; traders, Kobert Hill, William Wilbve ; boatswain, .Vrchibalil 
 llrown ; carpeiUer, Robert Horn ; and fifty seamen and boys. 
 
 ' A sipiure-riji^ted vessel, differing from a bri),' only in that she l.as a trvsail mast close abaft tlie mainmast, on which a larue 
 trysail is hoi.stcd. 
 
JKAN 1-RANClS GALAIP DE LA 
 PICKOUSK 
 
 Chefd'enadtf lies Armic!- SaviiU-s 
 From a print ptllilistled in 1791 
 
 /.eiv/s (| Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Experiiiit'iil, Captain Guise, one hundred tons. Captain Peters sailed from Macao in July in the snow Lark, 220 
 tons, with forty men, and went to Kamchatka ; hut on his return the %'essel was wrecked on Copper Island, and 
 all but two were drowned. The principal object of these vessels was trade, but none of them lost sight of the 
 
 standing offer of /,"20,ck3o made by ICngland to any liritish subject who would 
 di.scover and sail through any passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific north of 
 52°, and they were all anxious to find the mythical straits. I,a Perouse, who was 
 among the arrivals in 1786, having been sent by the French government, paid more 
 attention to exploration and discovery than any of the others ; and his account of his 
 voyages was a most valued addition to the historical knowledge of this new country. 
 In 1787 the Kast India ship Imperial A'<ft,'/(', Captain liarclay, while on a 
 trading voyage to the North'vest coast, during which he gave Destruction Island its 
 name, on accouni of having a boat's crew murdered by the Indians at that place, 
 came into the entrance of the mysterious straits, but went no farther. The same 
 year the ships Princess Royal and the JViiicc of IVales were added to the trading fleet, 
 and late in the year the ships ftliir and fpliegiiiia. flying the Portuguese flag, but 
 owned and managed by Knglishmen, sailed from China, the Felice being under the 
 command of Capt. John Meares, who had sailed the Noolka two years before. .She arrived at Nootka 
 Sound May 13, 1788, and Meares immediately traded a pair of pistols with an Indian chief named Maquinna 
 for a lease of the countrj' thereabouts. He erected a hou.se and stockade and detailed a portion of the crew 
 of the Iphcgenia to begin building a schooner. This vessel was named the Northaest America, and was the 
 first vessel built in the Northwest. While t' j .schooner was building, Captain Meares left by the Felice on 
 the 28th of June for a coasting crui.se southward, in the cour.se of which he lifted a load of reproach from the 
 memory of that ancient mariner, Juun de Fuca. On June 29th, at 3:00 i'. .m., Meares, who had been posted by 
 Captain Barclay of the Imperial Eagle as to the existence of the straits lying south of Vancouver Island, 
 entered and recognized them as being identical with those which De Fuca had mistaken for the Straits of Anian. 
 He promptly righted the wrong done by Cook, when he questioned the existence of De Fuca's straits, by 
 giving them the name of the original discoverer, Juan de Fuca. Meares then sailed .icross the straits and 
 had an interview with Tatoosh, chief of the Indian tribe in that vicinity, perjjetuating his name by 
 christening the island at the entrance to the straits after him. The /•(//((■ continued to the southward, Meares 
 sighting and naming Shoilwater Bay, calling what is now known a* Tokes Point, Cape Shoalwater, and 
 Leadbetter Point, Low Point After naming Shoa'-vater Hay, he bore away to the southward and came 
 decidedly near to discovering tht Columbia. His journal of July 6th reads as follows : 
 
 "A hi>;li bliifT prov.ioiitory bore off us S. K. at the I'.'.slain'e of only four leagues, foi- whicli w steered to iloulilc, with tlie 
 hope that het\vt'*ii it ami Cape Shoalw-Uer we shoulil fim . some sort of a harbor. We now ilisoovered ilistaiit land beyond this 
 promontory, and pleased ourselves with the expeetation of it being Cape St. Roc of the Spaniards, near which they are said to have 
 Ibund a good port. Uy halt* past eleven we doubled this cape at llie distance ol" three miles, liaving a clear and i)erfeci \'iew of the shore 
 in every part, on whicli we did not discern a living creature or the least trace of habitable life. \ prodigious easterly swell lolled on 
 the shore, and tile soundings gradiudly decreased from forty to but lit'leeu fathoms over a h.ard, sandy bottom. After we had 
 rounded the pro'uoulory a large bay, as we had imagined, opened on our view, that bore a very promising appe.iraiue and into 
 which we ^.teered with every encouraging e\pectaliou. The high land that formed the bomidaries of the bay was at a great tlistance, 
 and a llat, level country occupieil the intervening space ; the bay itself look rather a westerly direction. .\s we steered in, the water 
 shoaled to nine, eight and seven lathoms, when breakers were seen from the deck right ahead, anil from the masthead they were 
 observed to e.\ten(i across the bay. We therefore haided out and directed our course to 
 the opi)osite shore to see if there was any channel or if we coidd discover an\' port. The 
 name of Cape Disappoinlinenl was given to the imimontory, and the bay obtained the title 
 of Deception Hay. Uy an iudilTerent meridian observation, it lies in the latitude 46- m 
 north, and in the computed longitude of i.vi .^4 "est (true position 46-16 ;,,^ north, 124.V 14 
 east'l. We can now safely assert th-t no such river as that of St. Roc exists as laid ilowu 
 in the Spanish charts. To those of Maurelle we made continual reference, but withonl 
 deriving any information or assistance from tliem. We now reached the ojipositc side of 
 the bay, where disappointment continued to accouipany us ; and, being idmost certain that 
 there we should obtain no place of shelter for the ship, we bore up for a ilistant heailland, 
 keeping our course within two miles of shore." 
 
 Not finding the river St. Roc, Meares sailed back to Barclay Sound, 
 giving Cape Beale its name on his arrival. He then dispatched his long-boat 
 on an exploring and trading trip down Ihi. straits. She got as far as SiMi Juan 
 Inlet, where the .savages gave the crew a hard battle. 'l"he long-boat had 
 sailed nearly eighty miles in the straits and saw no indications of it les.seiiing 
 in size, and on their return he write: "Such an extraordinary circum- 
 stance filled us with strange conjectures as to the eastern extremity of this 
 strait, which we concluded at all events could not be at any great distance 
 from Hudson Bay.'' 
 
 When Meares returned to Nootka, the Iplugcnia and the new schooner 
 NorthuesI America were about ready for sea, the latter vessel leaving the ways 
 .soon after his arrival. Regarding this most important event, Meares' journal of September 20, 1788, contains 
 the following : 
 
 " At noon an event to whicli we liad so long looked with anxious expectation, and had been the fruit of so much care and 
 labinir, was ripe for accoiiiplishment. The vessel was then ready to <|iiil the slocks, and, to give all dii_ honour to such an iiiiport.-,nt 
 
 CAI'T. JnH»I Mkakks 
 I-roni n iirir i pnlilisheil in I7:<t 
 
 
 r* 
 
 ^ 
 
 f 
 
 4 
 
Earliest Voyages in the Northwest, Advent of Steam Navigation 
 
 ■1, contains 
 
 scene, we adopten, i^ l.ir as was in onr power, the ceremony of other dock-yards. As soon'as the tide was at its proper height, the 
 KuKlish ensi){ii was .lisplaytd on the sliore and on board the new vessel, which at the proper moment was named the .\oillnvffl 
 . Iiiiiiia), as bcinK tlie first bottom ever built and lannchcd in this part of the ({''>''>-'• 't was a moment of i.mch expectation ; 
 the ciicnmstances of onr sitnation made ns look to it with more than common hope. Maipiinna, Callicnm, and a larf;e liody of their 
 people wlio had received infornnition of the launch, were come to behold it. The Chinese carpenters did not very well conceive ihe 
 last operation of a business in which thev themselves had been so much and so materially concerned, nor sh.-Ul we f' r^et to 
 mention the chief of the .San<hvich Islands, whose every power w.as absorbed in the business that approached, and who had determined 
 to be on board the vessel when slie glided into the water. The presence of the .Vmericans ou^jht also to be considered when we are 
 describing the attendant ceremony of '.'.lis important crisis, which, from the labour that produced it, the scene that surroumlcd ii, the 
 spectators that behehl it, aucl tile commercial advantaj^es as well as civilizing ideas connected with it, will attach some little 
 ciinsei|Uence to its procecdiuK in the miiul of the philosopher as well as in the view of the politician, but our suspense was 
 not of long duration. On the firing of a gun, the vessel started from the ways like a shot; indeed she went olf with so nnich velocity 
 that she had ne;uly made her way out of the harbor: for the fact was that, not beinj^ very nnicli accustomed to this business, we had 
 forgotten to place an anchor and cable on board to bring her np, which is the usual ])ractice on these occasions. The boats, however, 
 soon towed lu-r to her intetuled statitni, and in a short time the Noytliuwst . Iint'n'i<i was am'hored close to the Ip/u'm'ftiti and h't'litt'. 
 
 Commenting on the surprise expres.sed by Tianna, the Kanaka chief, Meares .says ; 
 
 " Nor were the natives of the Sound who were present at this ceremony less impressed by a series of operations, the simplest 
 of which was far above their comprehension ; in short this business did not fail to raise us still higher in their good opinion 
 and to afford them better and more correct notions than they hitherto possessed of the superiority of civili/.ed over savage life." 
 
 The schooner was of about forty tons hnrdeii, and Robert Funter was placed in command. 
 
 September 2,Sth Meares sailed for Canton, followed on the 27111 of October by the //>h(xriiia and the A'oit/i- 
 .. I. it Aiiicfiiti. Kleven days before he .sailed, Capt. Robert Gray and Capt. John K'endrick arrived with the brig 
 \Vashiiif;/i»! and the 
 ship Columbia. The 
 expedition of Gray 
 and Kendrick with 
 the Columbia and 
 Washing Ion was one 
 of the results of the 
 publication of Cook's 
 journal of his third 
 voyage. The Boston- 
 iatis read with a great 
 deal of interest how 
 the natives of this 
 far-away country 
 willingly bartered 
 away valuable .sea- 
 otter and other furs, 
 worth from 520 to 
 $100 each, for a few 
 beads, knives or cheap 
 brass trinkets ; and, 
 in order to be among 
 the first in the field, 
 J o s e ]) h U a r r e 1 1 , 
 Charles Bullfinch, 
 John Derby, Capt. 
 C rowel 1 Hatch, of 
 Boston and vicinity. 
 
 and John M. Pintard, of \ew York, formed a stock company and purchased the shi]) Coltni/bio, and a consort for 
 her called the \\ asliiiigloii. a yo-ton sloop. These vessels were dispatched from Boston, .September ,^0, I7,S7, 
 the ( oliimbia'' in command of Capt. John Kendrick and the U'.'sliiiigloii in command of Capt. Kol>ert Gray. 
 Inasmuch as the Col/iii/bia was the first American vessel to carry the Stars and Stripes around the globe and the 
 first vessel to enter tlie great river of the West, to which her name was given, and by which she gave the I'liited 
 Stales title to that magnificent domain now represented by the States of Oregon, Washington and Idaho, 
 more than passing notice must be given of her first voyage. 
 
 The Columbia and her consort made a good run to the Cape \'erde Islands, where they remained for nearly 
 two months, vSimon WoodrufT, the mate, and Dr. Roberts, the surgeon, leaving the Columbia there. The voyage 
 was resumed on the 2,Slh of I'V'bruary, i7,S.s. They encountered very heavy weather for a month, and on April ist 
 
 L.^fNcnisi, oi- ScunoNKw •■ Nimi II rttsr .amkkka." SKi-rKMnhK jo, 17SS 
 I'luiii ;i iliawin^ by Capt. John Meares 
 
 rile ship Colinuhiii was built 
 
 \ by James Hriggs, at Hohart's Lauding, on North River. ,Sli 
 
 2iJ tons burden, two decks, and mounted teu guns. Capt. John Kendrick was an evpcricnced ollicer, about forty-five \ 
 
 In 
 
 e took coniniand of the ('.'/«»;/)/if. He had ilonc considerable privateering during the kevohilicu 
 
 vhen 1 
 
 en in charge of several mercbant vessels. .Xfter bis second trip froiii this coast be 
 aud.llostou, and w,is acciileutally killed at Hawaii about iSi»i. Co/uiiibia's ere 
 Joseph Ingrain 
 
 tt:id 
 
 Vpnl 
 
 e was a full-rigged shi|i of 
 
 ears of age 
 
 bad 
 
 id after ibi 
 
 iiig between the .Sandwii b Islands 
 
 I'"irst mate. Simon Woodrun ; 
 
 third mate, Robert Ilaswell ; boatswain, John H. Conlis; cleik, Ricbaid S. IK 
 
 id mate. 
 
 i 
 
 astronomer, J. Nutting ; male on the sloop, Davis Cooliilge 
 
 iirgeoii, Iir. Uoberls ; 
 
P"P 
 
 mt 
 
 Ml 
 
 I 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marino Histury of thi> Pacific Northwest 
 
 lost sight of each other in latitiule 57-57 and longitude 42-40 west, each vessel proceeding indeiiendently the 
 rest of the way. In June the Washiit^loH caught the northeast trade and came along <iuite lively, sighting the 
 coast of New Albion, near Cape Mendocino, August 2d. A few Indians came ahoard at this point, l)ut they con- 
 tinued on up the coast, in latitude 44-20 sighting what Gray noted in his log-l)ook as "the entrance of a large 
 river, where comn'"rcial advantages might be reaped " (probably tlie Alsea River). At Cape Lookout some of the 
 men went a.shore. and, in a skirmish with the nacives, a colored lioy who had been .shipped at St. Jago was killed 
 and a sailor .severely wounded. Captain Gray lost no time in getting away from this unpleasant place, which he 
 gave the name of Murderer's Harbor although Haswell, the mate, wrote in his logbook that he thought it must 
 be " the entrance of the river of the West and not a safe place for any but a very small ves.sel to enter." Tliis 
 mythical "Great River" had been looked for by explorers all the way from Lower California to Alaska, and 
 when Ciray was .so near it, as he must have been when his trouble with the natives occurred, he was unfortunate 
 enough to have such a good breeze that he sailed right past a considerable length of coast without standing in, 
 therel)y postponing his great discovery four years. On the i6th of .\ugust they arrived at Nootka Sound, where 
 they met with a kindly reception from Meares and Douglas of the Felice and Ifihcc^enia ; and three days later they 
 joined with the English in celebrating the launch of the first vessel built in the Northwest, the schooner 
 Noiiliuvsl Amcrha, previously mentioned. A week later the Columbia arrived. She had lost two men by scurvy, 
 and many of her crew were in a terrible condition. After parting with the \V<nliiiis;toii she had encountered 
 terrific gales, and put in at Juan Fernandez for repairs, sailing seventeen days later. Hoth crews remained at 
 Friendly Cove on Nootka Sound, where they did some very profitable trading, in one place securing $S,ooo worth 
 of sea-otter skins for about $100 worth of cheap chi.sels. 
 
 In 17.S9 the \Vitshinfiton started on a cruise, during which Gray visited the islands of the north, giving 
 
 names to Cape Ingraham, 
 Island, Derby Sound, 
 i n g t o n ' s Island, now 
 Island. When they returned 
 Spaniards c'ainiing .sov- 
 The Iphcgcnia and the new 
 returned to Nootka Sound 
 their arrival by the Spaniards, 
 vessels Princess Royal, .Ii^o- 
 attempting to form e.stablish- 
 their dominion. The vessels 
 an arrangement made between 
 London by which Spain was 
 to the British, Captain \'an- 
 .see that this arrangement was 
 Wliile the Spanish h;.d 
 they indulged in a little 
 account: and in the year 1790 
 
 Ship ■' Coi.rMiuA" 
 
 Pintard Sound, Hatch's 
 Barren's Inlet and Wash- 
 known as Queen Charlotte's 
 to Nootka, they found the 
 ereignty over all that region, 
 schooner Noiltr,cest America 
 in A jril and were .seized on 
 who also gathered in the 
 iiaiit and Prince of Wales for 
 ments in what they called 
 were afterward released and 
 the Courts of Madrid and 
 to restore all property .seized 
 couver being connnissioned to 
 carried out. 
 
 possession of the country, 
 exploring on their own 
 Capt. Manuel yuiinper, in the 
 
 Princess Real, .sailed from Nootka, entered and named Port San Juan, coasted along to Beadier and Pedder bays, 
 and on the ,^oth of June i)assed through Royal Roads, naming it Xolano Bay, anchoring that night in 
 Esquimau, which he named Port V'aldez. .Afterward, while cruising around in this vicinity, he discovered and 
 named Haro Straits, in honor of his sailing master. He also named X'ictoria's harbor, Cordova Bay. On the 
 4th of July he crossed the straits to Dungeness, which he named Santa Cruz. Quimpcr had poor success in 
 making his names stick, but enough of them still remain to perpetuate the memory of this famous navigator. 
 He railed the Straits of Juar. de Fuca. which he mistook for an inlet, Ivnsenada de Caamano, and Haro Straits, 
 Canal de Lopez de Haro. 
 
 The Bostonians had learned enough of the commercial advantages of the Northwest to cause them to desire 
 more of the new field, so in 1790 the brig Ifofie, in connuand of Joseph Ingraham. who had sailed in the I.ady 
 Wasliini^lon witli Gray, sailed from Boston in September, arriving at (Jueen Charlotte in June, 1791. The same 
 year the /.adv IVasltini^lon, transformed into a brig, returned to the coast from China, and another Boston ship, 
 the Jefferson, Captain Rolierts, arrived at Nootka. The American sliip Margarel, Captain Magee, from New- 
 York, was also trading on the coast, and for the first time in many years the F'rench were represented by a vessel, 
 the Solide, Captain Marchand. The ship Grace, Capt. William Douglas, was the principal representative of the 
 British fleet. 
 
 The following year more than thirty vessels were sailing around the Northwest coast, and most of the prin- 
 cipal nations of the earth were represented, tlie American and ICnglish flags predominating. Among them were 
 the American vessels Hope, Mari^arel, Jejferson, I.ady H'asliini;lon, Hancock, Jenny, Columbia and Adi'cntiire. 
 Most of these had been here the previous year, but the Adientnre was a Northwest i)roduct just launched. 
 England had the brigs I'liree Brothers, Halcyon, I'enns and Plorinda, the ships /inlleruortli, (irace aiul Daedalus, 
 the Discovery, Chatham, Prince William Henry, Prince Lc Boo a\u\ Jaclal. Two Portuguese traders, the /■'dice and 
 
Earliest Voyages in the Northwest, Advent of Steam Navigation 
 
 tlie Fcm'x, were here, and a soo-toii French ship, the Ftavia, spent considerable time in the Northwest. Spain 
 looked after her interests with the tranfiports Aranzazu, Siilil and Miwiaiiia, althonjjh several other vessels 
 flew the Spanish fla}?, among them being the Gerlnidis (originally the Norlhuest America), Arliva, Conceprion, 
 SI. /osc/>li, Piiiursa, San Carlos, ffornisilas, and the newly acquired Advenliire, bought from the Americans. 
 
 H. M. S. nhioverv. Cant. George Vancouver, First Lieut. Zachariah Mudge, Second Lieut. I'tter Pnget, 
 Third Lieut. Joseph Maker, Master Joseph Whidby, with a crew of one hundred all told, and H. W. S. Clialhaiii, 
 Lieut. W. R. Hro\iglitou, with a crew of forty-five, sighted the Pacific Coast, April i8, 1792, in the neighborhood of 
 what is now known as Cape .Mendocino. Vancouver had left Fngland over a year before to settle up the Spanish 
 difficulty at Nootka Sound, but had stopped at Australia, New Zealand, Cape of Good Hope, Society and 
 Sandwich islands while ni roiilc. After sighting land, \'ancouver proceeded northward, sighting and naming Cape 
 (Irford, and making careful notes of everything he saw on the way. How near he came to discovering the 
 Columbia River can be judged from the following taken from his journal of April 27th : 
 
 " Noon bron^lit lis in to a conspicuou.s point of land comprised of a cluster of hiuninocks, moderatt'ly lii^^h and i)rojertinjJ 
 into the ocean. On tlic south side of llie promontory was the appearance of an iniet or small river, the land not indicating it to lie 
 of aiiv jjreal extent ; nor did it seem to lie accessible for vessels of our burden, as the iireakers extended from the above iioint two 
 or iliree miles out into the ocean, until thev joined those on the beach, nearlv four leagues farther south. On reference to 
 Mr. Meares' description of the coast south of this promontory, I was first induced to believe that it was Cajie Shoalwaler ; but, on 
 ascertaiuiiiK its latitude. I presniued it to be that which he called Cape Ilisappointinent, and the opeuiiiK south of it, Deception Hay. 
 This cape we found to be in latitude 46 19 and longitude i^'i 6. Tlic sea had now changed from its natural color to the river-colored 
 water, tlie probable cousc(|iience of some stream falling into the bay, or into the opening north of it, through the lowland. Not 
 considering this ojienin^ worthy of more attention, I continued our pursuit to tile northwest, bein^ desirous to embrace lite 
 advantages of the now prevailing; breezes and tlie pleasant weather, so favorable 10 the examination of the coasts." 
 
 On the jijth of April he gave his reasons for not thinking it was a river: 
 
 "ConsideriiiK ourselves on the point of coniinencinK an examination of an entirely 
 new region, I cannot take leave of the coast already known without obtrudiiii; a short remark 
 on that part of the continent, coinpieheudin); a space of nearly 215 leagues, on which onr 
 iiujuiries have been lately eiuployeil, ninler the most forlnnate and favorable circumst.'inces 
 of wind and we.'ither. So minutely has this coast been insiiecleil, that the surf has been 
 constantly seen to break on its shores from the masthead, and it was but a few small intervals 
 only our distance jirecluded it being seen from onr deck, Whenever the weather iireveiiteil 
 our making free with the shore, or on heading off for the night, the return of fine weather 
 and of daylight uniformly brought lis, if not to the identical sjiot we had dep.-irted from, 
 at least within a few miles of it. ami never beyond the norlherii limits of the coa.st we hail 
 previously seen. .An ex.aniinatioii so directi'il, and circuinstances so concurring to permit 
 Its being so exei-iited, atforded the most complete ojiportunity of determining its various 
 turnings and windings, as also the iiosilion of all its consjiicnous jioiuts, ascertained bv 
 meridianal altituiles for the latitudes, and observations for tlie clirononieter, which we hail 
 the gooil tbrluue to make constantly once, and, in general, twice every da\', the preceding 
 one only excepted. It must be considered a very singular circumstance that, in so great an 
 extent of sea-coast, we should not until now have seen the apjiearance of any ojieniiig in its 
 shores which presenteil any prospect of affording a shelter, the whole coast forming one 
 compact ami nearly straight barrier against the sea." 
 
 Thus ilid the great explorer narrowly escape discovering the mighty 
 Columbia ; and, while he was still arguing to himself against its e.xistcnce, 
 sundry notes in his log-book show that he still entertained a doubt about 
 the great river being altogether a myth. However, he sailed on up the coast and at daylight May 2ytli, 
 when in the neighborhood of the Straits of Jnan de I'uca, met the American ship Columbia bound south. Captain 
 Gray of the Cohimhia told X'ancouvcr that his ship had been ofT the mouth of a river in 46^ lu', which was no 
 doubt a large one, as the current iiievented his entering lor nine days. He also gave Vancouver the position of 
 the Straits of Fuca, then twenty-four miles to the northward. After the vessels parted, Vancouver entered the 
 straits, passing between Tatoosh Island and Duncan Rock, wliich he named after the navigator who had first 
 described the place to him. X'ancouver's explorations in the straits and on the Sound were very extensive, and 
 his name will always be remembered and perpetuated through the names he gave to the various localities which 
 he visited After anchoring the first night in what is now known as Xeab Hay, he saileil on \v , the Sound and 
 anchored in and named Port Discovery, naming Dungeness after the low point of the same name in the Knglish 
 Channel, Mount Haker after his third lieutenant, who was the first to discover the mountain, and Puget Sound after 
 his second lieutenant, Peter Puget, From Port Discovery he went to Port Town.send, which he named after his 
 friend, the marquis of that name, and Mount Rainier after Admiral Rainier of the royal navy. He also explored 
 and named Admiralty Inlet, Hood's Canal, Point Wilson, Point Grey, Point Roberts, and Burrard's Inlet. 
 Vancouver continued his explorations until he circumnavigated the land which now bears his name, proving 
 it to be an island. On his arrival at Nootka in August lie found the Spanish commandant. Quadra, awaiting 
 him, for the purpose of adjusting the difficulties, which, however, they were unable to do, as'^ach viewed the 
 matter in a different light. Xeverthele.ss they remained the best of friends, and to commemorate their friend.ship 
 they named the island Quadra and X'ancouver ; but, as the British ultimately secured control of the island. 
 Quadra was dropped from the name. 
 
 From Xootka, \'ancouver sailed south, intending to enter and explore the river he had overlooked on his 
 voyage north. He left his storeship Dar<lal//s in Gray's Harbor, l)ut owing to the bad weather failed to get into 
 the Columbia with the Disroiyry. \'aiic<m\er wintered in the .south, and came up again in the spring of 1793, 
 continuing his explorations along the northern coast. His work in this line was remarkable for the thorough 
 
 CAi'f, (;i-:oR(iK VANcm\'i:K 
 
Lrwisi (J Drydt'ii'a '^arinv History of the Pacific Northwfst 
 
 i I 
 
 11 III 
 
 jlliii 
 
 Ml 
 
 manner in which it was done, despite the difficulties that beset him. He guided his unhandy vessels through the 
 intricate chainiels along the northern coast, where, e\'en in the later era of steam and modern appliances of 
 navigation, the undertaking is not an easy one. The Dhcoveiy and Chatham kept at their task all summer, and did 
 not get back to Nootka until October, Vancouver then sailing .south to winter. Before sailing north in the spring 
 of i7<;4, he took formal possession of the Sandwich Islands in the name of P'ngland. In the spring of 1794, 
 Vancouver ' went to Coi)k's Inlet and spent the summer surveying and charting the AlaskuTi coast, finishing up 
 the work in August and sailing from Nootka in October for Monterey, where he learned that his inteipretation of 
 the agreement between Ivngland and Spain was correct, and that Spain was preparing to reiin(|uish all claims 
 to the northern settlements. From Monterey he sailed homeward, stopping en route at the famous Island of Cocos, 
 at Valparaiso and the Island of St. Helena, reaching London in October, after an ab.sence of four years, eight 
 months and twenty- nine days. 
 
 To return to the American discoverers : At Nootka, Kendrick and G'ay exchanged commands. Gray taking 
 the Culumbia to China, via the Hawaiian Islands, and thence home to Koston, where she arrived August 10, 1790, 
 having sailed by her log about fifty thousand miles. On the second voyage. Captain Gray and the Colitinliia'' 
 arrived at Clayocjuot Sound. June ,, 1791, having sailed from Hoston on the 28th of Se])lember, stopi)ing at 
 the Falkland Islands on the way out. On arriving here he went on a coasting cruise around Queen Charlotte's 
 Island, during which three of his men were massacred by the Indians, who were very treacherous. On going to 
 the north side of Queen Charlotte's Island, Gray met the Boston brig Hantotk, Captain Crowell. Kendrick, in 
 his coast trading with Indians in the Washim^toii, made .some very good bargains, the deed for one tract of land, 
 filed in the State Department at Washington, reading as follows : 
 
 " 111 consideration of six muskets, a boat sail, a i|uantity of powder anil an .American fliiK (they heiiij; articles of wliicli we at 
 present stand in need of and are of j^real value), we <lo liar^ain, j^rant ami sell iiiilo John Keiulrick of Hnstoii a certain harbor ill 
 saiil .\liassel, in which the lirif; \l'itshiiif;loii lay at anchor on the 5tli day of .\iiK>ist, 1791, latitude 49" 511', with all lands, mines, 
 minerals, rivers, hays, harhors, .sounds, creeks and all islands, with all the produce of land and sea, heing a territory the distance of 
 eighteen miles sipiare, to have and to hold, etc.. etc." 
 
 It was signed by Maquinna, VVicanauish, Narry Vonk and Tarrasone. 
 
 Gray wintered again in Clayot|iiot Snund, where he put up a substantial building, and also built a 44-ton 
 sloop, which was launched on the 2.^1 of February, 1792, the .second vessel built on the coast. She was 
 named the Adveiitiiir, and on being fitted out was sent on a crui.se in command of Haswell, Gray's old male. 
 .She was a good .sea boat and could outsail the Columbia, but the Americans .sold her to Quadra soon after her 
 completion. 
 
 After dispatching the Adventure, Gray .sailed southward on a voyage fraught with mighty results, — a 
 voyage that will be remembered as long as the United Slates exists. On the 29tli of April, 1792, he fell in with 
 Vancouver, and they exchanged notes, Gra\ telling the Fnglishinan that he had recently been off the mouth of a 
 river in 46-10, but was unable to enter it on account of the strong current .setting out, but that he was now going 
 to try it again. X'ancouver mentioned passing the river, but said he thought it inaccessible on account of the 
 breakers extending across its mouth. Gray also gave Vancouver a description of the entrance to the Straits of 
 Juan de Fuca. When they parted Gray continued his voyage to the southward, and on the 7th of May, noticing 
 an entrance, which, according to his log-book, " had a very good appearance of a harbor," he bore away and ran 
 in, giving it the name of linllfinch IIarl)or, a name that was afterward changed to Gray's Harbor. Gray .sailed 
 out of the harbor which now bears his name on the evening of May loth, and at daybreak on the i ith he sighted 
 his desired port. He ran in. skillfully threading his way between the breakers, and with little difficulty reached 
 a point several miles from the entrance. He anchored at this point at 1:00 o'clock in ten fathoms of water, off 
 what is now known as Chinook. The Columbia remained here three days, trading and taking in water, and on 
 the 14th Gray stood up the river, going about fifteen miles, where he got out of the channel and grounded. He 
 backed off without difficulty and the next day dropped down to better anchorage. On the 19th he landed near 
 the mouth of the river and formally named it after his ship Columbia, rai.sed the American flag, planted .some 
 coins under a large pine tree, and took possession in the name of the United .States, naming the conspicuous 
 headland on the north Cape Hancock and the low sand-spit on the south Point Adams. The following extracts 
 regarding Gray's great discovery were taken from his log-book : 
 
 "Slay 7, 1792, A. M — Heinj! within si\ miles of the land, saw an entrance, which had a very good appearance of a 
 \\;: lor; lowered away the jolly boat and went in search of an anchoring place, the sliip standing to and fro, with a very strong 
 
 'Capt. George Vancouver was born in 17.SS and entered the navy at the age of thirteen. He servcil for three years as a 
 I " • the Resolution with Captain Cook, and as miilshipman on the Diseox'ery for four and a half years, passing as lieutenant in 
 
 (/•'. ;r, 17S0, under certificates from Captains Cook. Ciore, Clerk and King. He afterwaril served as lieutenant under I,or<l 
 
 RoiliM-y in the West Indies. It was in 1791 that he was selected by the .Vdmiralty to proceed to the Northwest coast to settle the 
 difTiculties with Spain and exjilore the coiintrv. On his return from this remarkable voyage he was promoted to port captain, but 
 lived but a short time to enjoy his wellearne<l laurels, dying at the early .igc of forty years, at his home in Surrey, in M.ay, 1798. 
 He was buried in Petersham churchyard in the same county, where a tablet was erecteil to his memory in 1841 by the Hudson's Bay 
 Company. 
 
 'On this second vovagc of the Columbia she was oflicered as follows: Captain, Roliert Gray; first mate, Robert Haswell ; 
 second mate, Josiah Caswell ; third mate, Owen Smith ; clerk, John Hoskins. Capt. Robert Gray was a native of Tiverton, R. I., a 
 descenilant of one of the early settlers of IMymoutli. He had been in coininancl of the ship I'tuifie in the South Carolina trade, 
 and was also an officer in the Revolutionary navy. He coniiiiatided several vessels after his return to llostoti in 1793, and died in 
 1806 at Charleston, S. C. 
 
MQ 
 
 Earliest Voynys in thv Northwest, A(lvvt)t of Stvam Niwigation 
 
 k-essels through the 
 )dern appliances of 
 ill summer, and did 
 north in the spring 
 the spring of 1794, 
 coast, finishing ui> 
 lis inteipri'tation of 
 :iiii(|iiish all claims 
 )us Island of Cocos, 
 }f four years, eight 
 
 lands, Gray taking 
 d August to, 1790, 
 and the Co/iim/iin'' 
 .•mher, stopping at 
 (Jneen Charlotte's 
 ons. On going to 
 .veil. Kendrick, in 
 r one tract of land, 
 
 irticles of wliicli we at 
 DM a certain harluir in 
 nitli nil lands, iiiine.s. 
 rritorv the distance of 
 
 also built a 44-ton 
 le coast. She was 
 II, Gray's old male, 
 ladra soon after her 
 
 nighty results, — a 
 
 792, he fell in with 
 
 off the mouth of a 
 
 he was now going 
 
 on account of the 
 
 e to the Straits of 
 
 h of May, noticing 
 
 bore away and ran 
 
 irbor. Gray .sailed 
 
 he I ith he sighted 
 
 ; difficulty reached 
 
 horns of water, off 
 
 g in water, and on 
 
 d grounded. He 
 
 ytli he landed near 
 
 flag, planted some 
 
 g the conspicuous 
 
 following extracts 
 
 ood appearance of a 
 with a very .strong 
 
 d for three years as a 
 ssin}{ as lieutenant in 
 euteiiant under Lord 
 est coast to .settle the 
 d to port captain, but 
 Surrey, in May, 1798. 
 by the Hudson's Bay 
 
 ate, Robert Haswell ; 
 
 of Tiverton, R. I., a 
 South Carolina tr;ule, 
 
 I in 1793, and died in 
 
 weather current ; at 1 1'. M. the Imat retnrneil, having fiinnd no place where the sliip could anchor with safety ; made sail on the 
 ship ; slonil in for the shore ; we soon s.iw. from our inasthcid, a i)assaj^L. in between the sandbars ; at 3: v» bore away ami run in 
 N. v.. by !•;., havin^r from four to cij^ht fathoms, sandy botloni ; and. as we d.cw in nearer In-tweeu the bars, had from ten to thirteen 
 fathoms, having a vcrv slroui; liilc of ebb to stem; many canoes alonns'.le. .At 5 I'. M. came 10 iti five f.'itlu>nis of water, sandy 
 bottom, in a s.ifc harbor, well slullered I'rom the sea by lonn sandbars and spits; our latitude observed this day was .|(i S'"^' -N. 
 M.iv 10 — I'rcsh bree/es and pleasant weather ; many natives alon>;side ; at noon all the c.inoes left us ; at i P. M. benau to unmoor ; 
 look up the best bower .inchor and hove short on the snuill ilo.; at llullljnch's Harbor, now called Whitby's Hay, 1:30 beiii;; hi),;li 
 wait r, hove up the aiu'bor and came to sail and a-be; .in^ down the harbor. May 1 1 -At 7:30 we were out I'lear of the bars, and 
 dirc<led our cour.-e to the southward, alimj; shore. At S 1: M. the enlr.iiu'e of llnllnnch's Harlxir bore north, distant four miles ; the 
 soullieru i-Nlremily of the land bore S. S. li. '; M., atnl the north do., N. N, W.; .sent up the main lopj;all.iul yarrl ,iuil set all sail ; 
 at 4 \. M saw the entrance of our desireil port, bearing V.. ,S. \\., distance six leagues in sleeriu),' sails, ami haided our wind in shore ; 
 ill S .\. M . beiuj.; a little to wiudwanl of the eutraiu'e of the harbor, bore away, and in \\. N. Iv. bi-tweeu the brc.ikcis, having from 
 five to seven fathoms of water. When we were over the bar we found this 1 be a l,irne river of fresh water, up whi.-h we steered ; 
 main cauocs c.ime ali.iiysiile. M I 1'. M. came to, with small bower. In ten filhoius; black and white saml ; the eulrance between 
 the bar> bore 'v\'. S. W , distance tell miles; the north side of the river half a mile distant bom the ship, the south side do., two 
 and a half miles ilist,int ; a village on the north side of the river, W. by N., distant threeipi.irters of a mile. \'.isi niinibers of 
 natives came aloiiiisiile; iicojj'e cmptoyetl in iMiiujiin^ the salt water out of our water casks in onler to till with fresh while the shi]) 
 lloated in. So ends. M.ay i.i — l-'resh ^ales an<l cloudy ; many natives alongside. .\t ikiou wi-ivjlied and came to sail, standing up 
 the river N. 1;. by K. We louud the channel very narrow. .\t 4 1'. M, we hail sailed upwards of twelve or fifteen miles, when llie 
 channel was so ver>' mirrow that it w.is almost impossible to keep in it ; lia\iu^; from three to ei^liti-en fathoms of water. s,ind\- 
 bottom, at .1:10 tile ship took j.;rouiiil. but she dicl not stay loii^ before she came off without any assistance: \\e backed her 
 olT, stern foieinost. into three falhonis. ami let go the small bower, ami moored ship with ked^e and hawser; the jollybo.it was 
 sent to sound the chauuel out, but it was not navij^able any fnither ; so, of course, we must have taken the woui.,^ i-hannel. .S(( 
 ends, with rainy weather: many u.itives alon(.^side. Tuesday, May 1,1 MkIU ami jileasaut weather; many natives from dilTerenl 
 tribes c.iiue alongside. At lo .\. M. numooreil and drop])ed ilown with the tide to a better anchoring place. Smiths ami other 
 tr.idesmeu constantly employed. Ill the afternoon Captain Crjiy ami Mr. Hoskins. in the jolly-boat, went on shore to take a short 
 view of the counliy. M.iy 16 -l,ij.;lil airs and cloudy. M .( .\. M, hove up the anchor ami towel (h)wn .about three miles with the 
 last of the ebb tide ; came into six fathoms, s.iudy bottom, the jolly-boat souudiii); the channel. At 10 a. .\i. a fredi breeze came 
 up the river. With the lirst of the el'b tide we ^oi under way and beat down the river. .-\t 1. from its beiiij.; veiv siin.allv, we 
 came to, about two miles from the village Chinook, which bore W. S. W. Manv natives abmgsitle ; fresh ^ales and sipially. 
 :M.iy iS- Plcisant weather; at 4 in the nioruin;; bewail to heave aheail ; at 4:30 came to sail, standing down the river with tlie 
 
 eiib tide; at 7. beinj,' slack water and the 
 sandy bottom ; the entrance between the 
 the north point of the harbor bore \. W., 
 distance t\\c» miles; the south bore .S E., 
 spriiii;^' u]> fr'un the eastward ; took up the 
 c.inie ll.itterin.i; a,i;aiii ; canir to with the 
 Noon, pleasant; latitude ob-erveil. 4^1: 17 N. 
 and drifted down, bro.ailside, with li^lit airs 
 fresh wind came from the mu'thward ; wore 
 came to in six fathinus ; ^o(u\ holding 
 canoes alou.i^side. May 19 -l-'resh winds 
 canoes came aloii.i^side ; seaman and trades- 
 C.iptain f.rav i.'ave this river the iianie of 
 elitraiu'e Cape H.'Ulcock, the south side 
 ])leasant weather. At I I'. M., beiu.i,' full .sea, 
 down river; at 2 the wind left ns, we being 
 on the breakers ; it was not possible lo get 
 tide, so we were obliged to bring u]) in three 
 knots ; ill 2:.},s a fresh wind c.ame in from 
 and be.it over the b.ir. having from live lo 
 the southw.'ird. We bore away to the north- 
 At S Cajte Hancock bore .S. I'.., distant three 
 sight bene X. by W. .\t 9, in steering ami 
 
 C.AI'T. KOIURT (;uAv 
 
 wind llatt.ring. we i-aiue to in live fathoms, 
 bars bore S. W. by W., dist,iiice three miles ; 
 ilistance two miles; the south bore S. ]■',., 
 distiince three and a half miles ; at g a breeze 
 a.ichor anil came to sail, but the wind soon 
 kedge and hawser ; veered out llftv fathoms. 
 .\t I came to sail with t')e lirst' ebb tide, 
 and strong tide; at three-i|iiarteis past, a 
 ship and stood into the river again. .\t 4 
 ground, about six or seven miles ii]); manv 
 and clear weather. luirly .a luimber of 
 lueii employed in their various de]i.arliiients. 
 Columbia River, ami the north side of the 
 .■\dams' jaiints. May 2n— Ct.mh. breeze and 
 took up the anchor and made sail, st,imliiig 
 on the bar with very strong tide, which set 
 out without a breeze' to shoot her across the 
 ami a half fathoms, the tide rnnuirg live 
 the seaboard ; we imniediately came in s.iil 
 seven fathoms of water; a breeze came from 
 ward, set all sail to the best advantage, 
 leagues ; the north extreme of the land in 
 topgallant sails. Midnight, light airs." 
 
 Following the Co/niiihia came the American brig Jfitiiy from Hristol, R. I., in command of Captain Baker, 
 who received his share of glory for bringing the second ship into the river by having the bay in which he 
 anchored retain his name. Vancouver's consort, the C/nil/inm, al.so entered the river the same year, coming in 
 October aotli, and grounditig on the bar where the liritish surveying sliin Siilpliiii- struck in is^j. The 
 Challuun remained in the river about three weeks, during which time Captain Broughtoii made a survey of the 
 clianncl lor one hundred miles from its mcmth, naming the farthest point inland which he re.iclied ;ifler his 
 comm;indiiig officer, X'ancouver. 
 
 There was Imt little change in the number or in the ves.sels comprising the fleet trading in these waters 
 during the iie.xl few years. \e;irly all of the old-timers continued traffiickiiig here, with an occasitmal addition to 
 the list. Captain liiouglitou returned with the Discoiriy again in 1796, rinding the /.,uh Wnshiiioloii, Sea Oil,,, 
 I-'ciii.x and others that wete here when he left. 
 
 In 1797 the .SV,( f;/Av entered the Columbia River, and while there her master. Hill, was killed. Three 
 Boston ships were on the Coast this year, the Hazard, Captain Swift, Indian Pa.irl, Captain Rogers, and the 
 /;A-/>,//,/;, Captain Bowers. The Ifar:ard remained over through the next season, returning to Boston in 1709. 
 Other vessels of i79,s were tiic Alexander, Captain Dodge, the Hlisa. Captain Rowan, the .\lerl. Captain 
 Bowles, the Jenny, Captain Bowers, and the cutter Drafion, Captain Lay. Tlie Dragon had come over from 
 China, and the following year was sold to a young man named Cleveland, wh.. changed her narie to the Caroline 
 ;iii(l fitted her out for a ftir-tiading expedition. He arrived on the Co;ist in March and met the /■:iisa, which had 
 returned alter wintering at the Islands, and the Boston ships flysses. Captain Lamb, the /'/>/><(/<//, Captain Breck, 
 and the /An/ovX, Captain Crocker. The British .ships Cheerful, Captain Beck, and the Z»o;'c, Captain I )uffiib 
 were al.so here this year. The latter vessel, the Ha-ard, the fenny and the .//,// came in i.Soo, ami were 
 reinforced by the Rover, Captain Davidson, and the Alexander, Captain Dodd. The Boston brigaiitine Dehy. in 
 command of Capt. Charles Winship, was trading and fur-hunting along the coast. 
 
lO 
 
 Lrwia cj Drydvn'fs Mnrine History of the Pacific Norfhwi-st 
 
 Hi 
 
 i ! 
 
 ijii 
 
 i 
 
 Tin; Snu' "BosroN" i.v Noutka Sih'nh 
 From drnwiiiK l>y Ariiiort-r Jewi'tt 
 
 The American traders in iSoi were quite numerous. No less tlian ten arrived from Hostoii. Tiiey 
 were the Po//j; Captain Kelly, the /M/f Savaire, Captain Ockington, the Caroline, Captain Derby, the 
 Charlotte, Captain IngersoU, the Globe, Captain McGee, the Giintimoiiii, Captain Buinstead, the Atahiialpa, 
 Captain Wildes, the Dispatch, Captain Dorr, the Littler, Captain Dorr, and the I.iuy, Captain I'ierpont. Three 
 other vessels, the iUa/iehester, Captain Hrice, the Laviiiia, Captain Hubbard, and the /■jitrrprise, Captain Ilubbcll, 
 from Philadelphia, Hristol and New York respectively, were also here in 1801. Tiie .l/a/nhester met with serious 
 loss at Nootka the following year when seven of her men deserted and were afterward murdered by the Indians. 
 The only new names on the list for i.Si>2 were the Catherine, Captain Worth, the Vaneonver, Captain Hrown, the 
 
 Hetty, Captain Uriggs, and the /««(>, Captain Kendrick. 
 
 The year i,S(\^ was productive of a terrible disaster to one of the 
 trading fleet, the American ship flcston. She arrived at Nootka March i jth, 
 from Boston via Hull, Ivngland, with a cargo of I'jiglish cloths, blankets, 
 mirrors, beads, knives, razors, sugar, molasses, twenty hogsheads of rum, 
 ammunition, cutlasses, pistols and 3,000 muskets and fowling jiieccs. Her 
 crew were as follows : John Salter, of Boston, Mass., captain ; B. De I,oui.>!sa, 
 chief mate ; William Ingram, second mate; I'Mward Thompson, boatswain; 
 Adam Siddle, carpenter ; I'hili]) Brown, joiner; John 
 Dorthy, blacksmith ; Abraham Waters, steward ; 
 Francis DufTield, tailor ; John Wilson (colored), cook ; 
 William Caldwell, Jo.seph Miner, William Robinson, 
 Thomas Wilson, Andrew Kelly, Robert Burton, James 
 McClay, Thom.is Platlen, Thomas Newton, Charles 
 Bates, John Hall, Samuel Wood, I'eter Alstrom, Francis 
 Martin, and Jupiter Senegal (colored), .seamen; John 
 Thompson, sailmaker ; John R. Jewett, armorer. The 
 latter and one other man were the sole survivors of 
 the vessel. Jewett wrote a history of the tragedy, from which the facts here presented are taken. 
 
 On arrival at Nootka, the Boston traded with the Indians for several days, the utmost friendship apparently 
 existing between them. Many presents were exchanged, and all went well until about the time the vcs.sel was 
 ready to sail for the north. The Captain had presented the chief, Maquinna, with a valuable shotgun, with which he 
 seemed well pleased, but the day before the vessel was to sail the chief came on board with nine pair of ducks ns a 
 present, and also the gun, one of the locks of which he had broken, and told the Captain it was "pesliak," 
 meaning bad. Captain .Salter was very much offended, considering it as a mark of contempt for his present. Calling 
 the king a liar, and using other opprolirious epithets, he took the gun away from him and tossed it indignantly into 
 the cabin. Maquinna, having met traders before, knew enough English to understand too well the meaning of the 
 Captain's insulting terms. He .soon went ashore with his chiefs, evidently much offended. On the twenty-second 
 the natives came off as usual ■, ith salmon, and about noon Maquinna came alongside with a iuunl)er of his chiefs 
 in canoes. After eoing through the customary examination (they were retpiired to leave their blankets and 
 implements of warfare in the canoes before being permitted to board the ship), they were admitted on board, 
 and gr-ve a dan e in their war paint. Then the king came to Captain .Salter to learn when he was to sail. The 
 Captain anavvered, "to-morrow." Maquinna advised him to get a supply of salmon fur the trip. The CaptaiTi 
 agreed to this, and the king promised to take part of the crew to Friendly Ctive, where a supi)Iy could be 
 obtained. Matpiinna and the chiefs dined on board, after which the chief mate and nine men left in the jolly-boat 
 and yawl to fish. The armorer went below in the steerage, where he was employed in cleaning muskets. 
 
 In about an hour's time there was a great noise and coTifusion on deck. Jewett ran up the steerage stairs, 
 but scarcely was his head above deck when he was caught by the hair by a savage and received a deep g.ash in 
 his forehead from an axe, the wound penetrating the skull. He fell into the steerage, stiiimed and l)leeding, and 
 was discovered later on by the king. After he had recovered his life was spared because of his usefulness in 
 making weapons. The heads of the captain and crew, arranged in a row on deck, were shown to him, but 
 that of Thomp.son, the sailmaker, was not among them. He was afterward captured in the hold, where 
 he had concealed himself, but on Jewett's pleading by signs, and claiming that he was his father and that he 
 would be useful, his life w.as spared. A day or two after this the ship was run ashore and looted, but Jewett was 
 permitted to save the .ship's log and papers. Before she had been entirely unloaded and the casks of rum had 
 been uncovered, one of the Indians accidentally set tire to the ship while below deck with a lighted torch. Jewett 
 and Thomp.son remained captives for three years, Jewett learning the language and keeping a iliary of events. 
 On the command of the king he was married to a daughter of a northern tribe. He found that the northern 
 chiefs were willing to assist himself and companions to escape by undertaking to deliver a letter to any vessel 
 they might meet. They were rescued by Capt. Samuel Hill of the brig I.ydia of Boston on July 19, 1.S05. 
 Mucli of the cargo of the Boston which had not been destroyed by the Indians was recovered \i\ the brig, 
 including cannon, guns, cloth and blankets which had been stowed away by the king, and was subsequently 
 returned to the owners in Bo.ston. 
 
— .- — 
 
 « 
 
 ston. Tliey 
 
 
 Derby, the 
 
 '■i'WBy 
 
 ; . ilahualpa, 
 
 fvSj^ 
 
 loiit. Three 
 
 
 ain MiihhcU, 
 
 
 with serious 
 
 
 the Iiidiiitis. 
 1 Hrown, the 
 
 1 
 
 one of the 
 
 
 I March ijth, 
 
 
 hs, blankets, 
 
 
 L'ails of rum, 
 
 
 pieces. I ler 
 
 
 . De Louissa, 
 
 
 , boatswain ; 
 
 ^^_ 
 
 oiner : John 
 
 -41 
 
 rs, steward ; 
 
 
 lored), cook ; 
 
 
 ni Robinson, 
 
 
 urton, James 
 
 
 ton, Charles 
 
 
 trom, Francis 
 
 
 eaniun ; John 
 
 
 rniorcr. The 
 
 
 survivors of 
 
 
 aken. 
 
 
 p apparently 
 
 
 le \cssel was 
 
 
 itli which he 
 
 
 of ducks as a 
 
 
 1 "pesliak," 
 
 
 -Mit, Calling 
 
 
 ignantly into 
 
 
 •aninj; of the 
 
 
 vcnty-second 
 
 
 of his chiefs 
 
 
 )lankets and 
 
 
 ■d on board. 
 
 
 o sail. The 
 
 
 The Captain 
 
 
 )ly could be 
 
 
 lie jolly-boat 
 
 
 ets. 
 
 
 ■erage stairs. 
 
 
 leep }j;asli in 
 
 
 leeding, and 
 
 
 isefulness in 
 
 
 to him, but 
 
 
 hold, where 
 
 
 and that he 
 
 
 L Juwett was 
 
 
 of rum had 
 
 
 ch. Jcwett 
 
 
 y of events. 
 
 
 he northern 
 
 --■ 
 
 3 any vessel 
 
 
 y nj, 1805. 
 
 -.r 
 
 )y the brig, 
 
 '^ 
 
 ubsequently 
 
 « 
 
 Earliest Vuyagvs in ifiu /Northwest, Advent of Stmni IVavlydtion 
 
 II 
 
 The O'C'iiiu, Captain O'Cain, was the best known of the fleet in iSo-?, with the exception of the /losloii, 
 
 ilthough other 
 
 iviuK were the Mary, /loio, .llt:\:aiiiti>\ J/tr.nnt Alol, l'<nicoiivi>- and /.ilia liyrd. 
 
 v-essel 
 
 Most of these traders remained here the followiiig year, and the Russian ship A'< ;<r, with Haranoll, the Governor 
 of Russian America, was crnising in the Northwest, ent< iiig the Colinnbia River and I'nget Sound. 
 
 In lSms the Hoston ship .llalinal/>a. Captain Porter, was attacked by the Indians in MilUiank Sound, and 
 the captain, mate Piid six seamen killed. The biig Lydin of Doston, mentioned elsewhere, spent the most of the 
 year trading in the north. She entered the Columbia River, and .sailed for China in 1S.16. 
 
 New names appearing: on the list for 1H06 were the brig llahy, the ship Hamilton, the ship Pcatic, the 
 thodil M\Oi Piaiock. The d Lain and .several of the old lleet were also here. During the ne.\t five years but few 
 of the old-timers left permanently, and new ve.ssels coming included the . Iiii;iis/i/s, the /uli/>si', the Derby, Pearle, 
 Mirairv, /■'iildfirisr, Alhalros':, /subrlla, iVi-d' Ifazard, Ollrr, Calhcriiu-, . liiiilliysl and Charon. Many of these 
 vessels engaged in hunting sea otter and fur .seal in a manner not unlike that now followed by the .sealing 
 schooners .sailing out of Northwestern ports. 
 
 In iMoy the Sea OIkr was wrecked near Cape Fonlweather, several of her crew being drowned. The 
 Albatross, which arrived in iSio, sailed up the Columbia about forty miles, and her master, Capt. T. Winship, 
 went ashore, built a house and made a small clearing, inteiuii .g to found a city where Oak Point is now located. 
 
 The year i.Si i witnessed the establishment of one of the oldest American towns in the Northwest : Astoria. 
 The American ship '/'oni/iiin, Capt. Jonathan Thorn, reached this port March 2^\.\\, briiii;ing among other cargo 
 the frame of the first vessel launched on the Columbia, the .schooner Dolly, which left the ways at Astoria 
 October 2, isi 1. The Dolly had been intended for the coasting trade, but as she was but thirty tons burden she 
 was used mostly for the river traffic, and with the downfall of the Astor enterprise fell into the hands of the 
 British, who renamed her the Columbia and sent her to California. The '/'oni/nin had been .sent out by the Pacific 
 iMir Company, which had been organized in New York the previous year, John Jacob Astor being the prime mover 
 if. the enterprise. She was a stanch vessel of about jyo tons burden, mounting ten guns, and carrying a crew of 
 twenty men. At the time of her departure from New York the trouble, which afterward culminated in the war of 
 181 2, was brewing, and .so much hostility was expressed between the representatives of the two nations strivnig 
 for the wonderful trade of the far Northwest, that the Tonqitin was escorted out of New York by the famous old 
 frigate Conslitnlioii. Aside from a continual conflict of authority between the captain and the traders aboard, 
 her voyage to the Columbia was uneventful ; but in attempting to enter the river the headstrong and surly 
 captain sent eight of his crew to a watery grave through his unseendx' haste to cross the bar before a raging 
 storm had subsided. 
 
 After discharging the portion of her cargo destined for the new .settlement at Astoria, the Tonqiiin set sail 
 June ist on a trading voyage to the north. A head wind kept her in Baker's Hay for a few days, but on 
 the fifth she cros.sed out and 
 went Hying up the coast, 
 never to return, and destined to 
 make one of the most mournful 
 chapters in the early marine 
 history of the Northwest. 
 There were twenty-three per- 
 .sons on board of the Touijiiin 
 when she left Astoria, and in 
 Haker's liay .she picked up an 
 Indian interpreter. Arriving 
 at Vancouver's Island, the 
 ignorant and vicious captain 
 opened hostilities with the 
 natives the first dav. On their 
 showing an aversion to trad- 
 ing at his iiriees, he kicked 
 two of the chiefs olT the ship, 
 working the entire tribe into 
 a frenzy, After stirring up 
 this trouble and placing the lives of the crew in peril, he refused to heed their prayers and entreaties to 
 leave the place, but instead taunted them with cowardice and unfounded fears. 
 
 At daybreak the next morning, while the captain and Mr. McKay were still asleep, a canoe with twenty 
 Indians came alongside, commanded by young Shewish, a son of the chief whom Thorn had unceremoniously 
 kicked ashore the day before. As they were unarmed and showed a disposition to traffic, they were 
 admitted, as also was a canoe that followed them. In a little while other canoes aiiproached, and Indians were 
 soon climbing aboard on all sides. The officer now became alarmed and called the captain and Mr. McKay, who 
 came on deck to find it thronged with hundreds of Indians, many of whom had knives concealed under short 
 
 'r«f4-j 
 
 If, 
 
 
 'T- 
 
 AsroKiA IN isi: 
 
ta 
 
 Lvwis (f Drydrn's Murine Hifitury of the Pacific Morthwcst 
 
 iiiaiitk-N of skins. Neither tlic iiitcriirctcr nor Mr. McKay could prevail on Thorn to K<-'t under way until the 
 increasing; luiniliers frightened him, and he ordered the men on the sails and the anchor up. The Indians then 
 wanted to trade and liej^an hurriedly to harter their furs for knives on any terms the 7iiiii//iiii'.i men desired to 
 make. Hy the time the anchor was up the knives were pretty well distril)Uted among the horde of savages. 
 What hai)pened is best told in Washington Irving's "Astoria," which was, in a measure, an oflicial account 
 of the Astor expedition. Irving says : 
 
 *'T1r' anchor was now ne.'irly up, tlir sails were lonsed, and the captain in a h)nil am! pcrcniptory lone orilcrol Ihc ship to 
 be cleared. In an inslanl a signal yell wasKivun, it waseclioeil on every siile, knives and waiclnlis were lirandished in every direclnm, 
 and the s;iva^es rushed npon their marked victims. 'I'lie first lliat fell was .Mr. Lewis, the ship's clerk. He was leaning with folded 
 arms over a hale of hlankels cnnaHcd in liar^;aininn. when he received n deailly stall in the hack .ind fell down the I'ompanionway. 
 Mr. .McKay, who was seated on the lalfrail, sprang to his feel linl was insl.inlly knocked down with a warcliili and flunn hackwards 
 into the sea, where lie was dispatched hy the w(nnen in Ihc I'anoes. In ilie n\eantinie Captain Thorn made a ilesperate finht ajjainst 
 fearful odds, lie was a powerlnl as well as a resolute man, hut he had come npon ileck willioul weapons. Sliiwish, (lie yonn^ 
 chief singled liitn <nil as his particidar jirey and rushed npon him at llu' first onllireak. The captain had liarely lime lo draw a clasp 
 knife, willi one Mow of which he laid ihe yoiinj; sav.'i(;e dead at his feet. .Several of the stoutest followers of Shewish now 
 set upon him ; he defended liimsclf vigorously, dealiiiK crii>plin^j lilows lo rij^hl and lel't and slrewinj^ the ipiarterdeck with dead and 
 wounded. His ohjecl was to hulit his way to llie cahin wjiere there were firearms, hut he was heinmed iii with foes, covered with 
 wounds and faint with loss of hlood. h'or an instant he le.'ined upon the wheel, when a hlow from heliind witli a wanduh felled hiiii 
 to the deck, where he was disp.ilched with knives and thrown overhoard. While this was transacting upon the (|narterdcck a chance 
 medley fiK^'t was goin^ on throuj^houl the ship. The crew fouj^lil desperately with knives, hi.tnlsjiikes, aiul whalever weapons Ihey 
 could sei/.e upon in a moment of surprise. They were soon overpowered hy ninnhers and mercilessly hulchered. 
 
 ".•\s lo the seven who had heeii sent doll lo make sail, they conlemplatcd with horror the carua^e that was Koing "» helow. 
 Heing destilute of weapons they lei Ihctnselves down hy the running rigging in liopes of pelting helween decks, due fell in the 
 attempt and was inslanlly dispalclieil ; another received a dealli hlow in the hack as he was descending; a Ihinl, Sleplieu Weekes, 
 the armorer, was mortally wounded as he was gelling (Uiwn the hatchway. The remaining four nuuU* ^ood their retreat into Ihe 
 cahin, where they found Mr. Lewis still alive thon),di mortally woinnled. iiarricading the ealiin door, they luokc holes ihrounh the 
 com])anion way, and with the muskets and ammuniliou at hand opened a hrisk fire that soon cleared Ihe deck. Thus far llie Indian 
 interpreter, from whom these particulars are derived, liad liecu an eye witness lo the dciully conli'cl He had taken no pari in it, 
 and iiad hi-eu sjiareil l»y the natives as lieing of their race. In the confusion of the moment he look refu).;e with the rest in the 
 canoes. The survivors of the crew now sallied forth and discharged some of the deck guns, which «lid ^ri-al I'xeciiUon anions the 
 eauoes, and drove all the savages lo shore. I'or the rcmaimler of the day no one ventured lo put off for the ship, deterred hy the 
 etfecls of the fire-arms, 'fhe ni^hl passed away wilhoul any further allempt on tile pari of the natives, and wlici" the da>' d iwned 
 the 7'i'i/i/uin still lav at anchor in the hay. her sails all loose and ll.ipping iu the wind, and no one appareiilh on lioard of her. .After 
 a lime some of the canoes veulured forth to reconnoiler, taking with them the inter]ireler. They paddled ahont her. keeping 
 cautiously at a ilislance, hii' growing more ,ind more einholdeued at seeing her i|niel and lifeless. One man at length made his 
 appearance on the cleck, and was recogni/cd hy the interpreter as Mr. Lewis. He lu.'ide iVieudly siv;ns. and inviud them on hoaid, 
 hut it was long hefore they ventured to comply. Those who mounted the ileck met willi no op))osilioii. No one was to he seen on 
 hoard ; for Mr. Lewis, afU r inviting them, had disa]ipeared. Other eauoes now jiressed forward lo hoard the pri/e ; llie decks were 
 soon crowiicd, and the sides covered with sav.agis, all intent on plunder. Iu the midst of their eagerness and exultation, the sliiii 
 lilew lip with a tremendous explo.sion. .•\rms, legs and niiililaled hodies were hlown into the air, and dreadful lia\oc was made iu 
 the surrounding canoes. The interpreter was iu the niaiii chains at the time of the explosion, and was thrown iiuhurl into the 
 water, where he succec'led in gettin^r into one of the canoes, .\ccording lo his statement the hay ])rcsented an awful spectacle after 
 the catastroiilie. The ship hud dis;ippcared. hut the hay w.is covered with fragments of the wreck, willi shattered canoes, and 
 IinU ;us swiniiniug for their lives, or slru.iiglin^ in the agonies of deatli ; while those who had escaped the d.in^t-r rem.'iincd a^ihasl 
 aud sturelied, or m.ide with frantic panic for Ihe shore, fpwanls of one hundred sav.ii^es were destroyed hy tjie explosion ; iiiauy 
 more w. e shockingly mutilated, and for days afterwards the lej.js and hodies of the slain were thrown upon tile heach. 'I'lie terrihle 
 revenj.;e, which Lewis <'arried to such a l)lood\- <Milniinatiou, caused fearful lamentations in the camps of the survivors; hut llieir 
 weeping and wailing was changed into yells of fury when four unfortunate white men were lirou);lil into camp. They h.id escajied 
 iu the loMghoat. and, as Lewis refused to accomi)any them, had left him to carry fuit his plan of reven^'c. They were iinahle to get 
 away from the land, and .sought refuge in a small cove, where they were surprised while sleeping. They were saerificeil hy the 
 natives, and made to emlnre all the lingering tortures that savage cruelty could conjure up. .Some time after their cle.ath the 
 inter, .reter elTccted his escape and hronght the tragical tidings to .\storia." 
 
 Hefore the news of the fate of the V'oi/i/t/iii reached New York, the American ship /Inurr, Captain Sowles, 
 was on her way to Astoria, where she arrived May ,s, i8i2, with reinforcements for the Astor colony. She ni.Tde 
 a coasting trip to the north, taking the place of the lost 'ronquiii, intending to return to Astoria. Instead she 
 went to the .Sandwich Islands, carrying with her Mr. Hunt, Astor's chief factor. Before Mr. Hunt could return 
 to Astoria, his partners had completed arrangements for handing the business over to the British, and the 
 following year witne.s.sed the downfall of the Astor enterprise on the Columbia. The British sloop-of-war luurooii. 
 Captain Black, arrived in the river and took formal posses.sion of Astoria, hauled down the American anil hoisted 
 the Brili.sh flag, changing the name to Fort George. Previous to the arrival of the Rmrooii, the American ship 
 .llbnlioss came to Astoria from Honolulu, having been chartered there by Mr. Hunt of the I""ur Company. Not 
 realizing the threatened danger to the Astor possessions, Mr, Hunt returned to the Sandwich Islands, but .soon 
 after his arrival heard vague rumors of the British loup d'etat. He chartered the brig /\i//<u\ and in b"ebruary, 
 1814, returned to Astoria, but, finding England in possession, the PedUxr soon sailed iway. Shortly after her 
 departure the British ship lanac Todd arrived at Astoria for the Canadian Northwest Fur Cnnipany, and a 
 temporary era of British supremacy began. 
 
 In i.Srs shipping had not yet recovered from the war scare of 1.S12. and vessels in the Northwest were few 
 in number. The Northwe.st Fur Company employed the .schooners Colonel Allen and Columbia, and two 
 Russian vessels, the /linen and Chhckojf. were trading along the north coast. The following year the schooner 
 Lxdia and the old-timer . Ubatioss were back again, and the ships Sultan and .Itlas also came out from the ICast. 
 A F'rench 'v^s.sel, the Boidelais, arrived at Nootka, being the first vessel to enter that port after the tragical end 
 of the Iloston. The Colonel Allen was dispatched to China in August. 
 
 In 1817 the liordelais was still here, and the American brigs Jiiutiis and Clarion and the British brig 
 Colnnibia were trading along the coast. In 181S the American sloop-of-war Ontario, Captain liiddle, and 
 H. M. S. /Ilossoin, Captain Hickey, arrived at Astoria, dispatched by their respective governments to .settle the 
 international question as to the ownership of Astoria; and on the fith day of October, in conformity to the treaty of 
 
 V. 
 
 ill 
 
Barlieat Vnynyrs in thv Nurthwvst. Ailvimt of Steam Niivigniion 
 
 n 
 
 ay until llic 
 Iiulintis thi.'ii 
 II (k'sirtd to 
 of savages. 
 L'ial account 
 
 I'd llie ship to 
 .irv (liri'itiim. 
 IK Willi liildtil 
 tinpaiiioinvny. 
 iiK ''iii-kwanls 
 !• TikI'I HHiiiiist 
 sh. llic yi>nn(4 
 :> draw ii clasp 
 Slu'wisli now 
 will) ilcad and 
 , I'livuiTd with 
 hd> fi'llcd him 
 lict'k a chance 
 weapons llicy 
 
 )inK on hclow. 
 nu fell in llic 
 phen Weckcs, 
 [■treat into tlie 
 •s iliroUHh the 
 far the Indian 
 1 no part in it, 
 lie rest in tlie 
 ■111 ainoiiK the 
 .■terreil hy the 
 e day il iwiled 
 of her. iXfter 
 her, keeping 
 i^tli made his 
 lem on ho.-iid, 
 . to he seen on 
 he decks were 
 itioii. the ship 
 c was made in 
 iliurt into the 
 pectacle after 
 1 canoes, .old 
 iiaineil .iKhast 
 iicni ; many 
 rile terrihle 
 irs ; hilt their 
 y had escaped 
 un.ihle to K'el 
 riliced liy the 
 eir dealli the 
 
 itl Sowles, 
 
 She tiindu 
 
 iistcad she 
 
 oitld return 
 
 and the 
 
 •ar luurooii, 
 
 ltd hoisted 
 
 lerican ship 
 
 any. Not 
 
 !, but soon 
 
 I'Vliniary, 
 
 y after her 
 
 any, and a 
 
 ■it were few 
 and two 
 le schooner 
 the I';ast. 
 radical end 
 
 Iritish brig 
 liddle, and 
 o .settle the 
 le treaty of 
 
 C.hent, I'ltglaiid restoied the settlement of I'ort Ocorgc to the United States. The restoration having I.een made 
 in due form, both vessels departed, l-'roni i.si.s until iN-'.S Hie principal vessels in the Northwest, with those 
 previously mentioned, were the AnurieaM ship /7<>/«r<«, Captain Clarke, which was wrecked in Alaska in 1.S19, the 
 .\inerican shi|> A'./i,'/' , Capt. Thtmias Meek, the American ship /,</.(-.(;, Captain Tost, the Mintoi\ Captain Martin, 
 the \ oli(iil,;)\ Ciptaiii Ueiinett, and the brigs .l),tl\ l-),di,\ IWUit, Sidhiii, .lilivc, /./ir/f and .Ucxamln. 
 
 In i,S.M the presence of the American whaler /loiiiily in llehring Sea was the means of establishing a 
 precedent in international law that recoiled on the heads of the Americans many years later. The /U'lnily 
 was seized by the Russians, and on a protest from the United States Government, which contended that Russia 
 h.ad no jurisdiction beyond the three-mile limit, the /toinily was released and an indemnity paid to her owners. 
 Si.\ty-five years later, long after the United States had bought all of Russia's rights in these waters, the Americans 
 seized some Ihitish scaler^ and il cost the Government in the neighborhood of a million dollars to learn that it 
 had failed to purchase any water rights from Russia except those which she had a right to sell. 
 
 In i.Sj(. the Vtiiiioii:,!-:' the first vessel built on the Columbia, the /><'//r was shiiiped fiom the I'last in 
 sections, -was launched at \'ancouver. She was a two-masted schooner of about eighty-live tons burden and was 
 constructed by carpenters brought from the Orkney Islands. She made .several successful trailing voyages to the 
 mirth, but w.is ("inally wrecked in i.S;,j on the northern shore of Oueen Charlotte's Island. 
 
 IVrliaps the most noted arrival in i.Sj; was the Hudson's Hay schooner Cailhoro/ which n iched 
 \'anciiuvcr from London. 
 
 The brig <>:iil/iir. Capt lin Dominus, and the schooner Gor.vv, Captain Thomiison, entered the river in 182S, 
 having been dispatcheil In .Marshall iV Wild of lioston. The ('('//;'<;r arrived in I''ebruary, the same day that the 
 
 ".\ii old loK of this schooner is now in possession of Mr. Harry Cdide of Victoria, and a pernsal of its pages nives a very 
 Kood idea of the cinhrvo state of marine matters at this early date. In (iily, iSvi. she left Vancouver for n trading voyage to tile 
 p'raser Kiver, with the following oilicers : Willi.ini Uvan, comniaiider ; William Plales. lirst male ; James .ScarhoroiiKli, second male ; 
 PMw.ir.l Deiiiiisini. carpenter; William (llseii, cook; Thom.is Wood. James Johnston, .Aliens SicI.eod, Willi. on Jones. Joseph 
 Kalpli, seamen : W, Ka\ iiioiid, Duncan CainphcU and Thomas Clarke. ap|Meiitices, and two Kanakas. The lo^ inoceeds as 
 follows : ■■ liilv s -Weiniieil from l>'ort V.incoiiver at noon, in company with llic ( \ullwio and luiiilf ami proceeded down the river, 
 .\t i):,V) lirini),di't up in live fathoms w.iur. July .)— .\t ,S .\. M. weij^heil ai'ul proceeded down the river. .-M i r. .M. p.issed llie .\mericiiii 
 lirig ('.-( r/;.'<' lioniid 111). I')Ncliaiined colors w'iih her. .\{ y !'. .M. tirouKlil 11)1 in 6 fathoms water. July io-.\t.l:.vi weighed ■iiiil 
 dropiied ilowii tlic river. .\i s liroiiuht up a little alio\e llrav's Hay and delivered iS casks of sail and Jo empty casks. Made sail 
 and worked down. .\t I 1'. M. hroiight up at entrance Toiinne Point Channel to Inioy the /Ciix/r. .At 5 the /uix/i' passed us. 
 Weiglieil ami proceeded ilown. lirouKht up at 9:,v> in 2 fathoms near h't. CieorKe. July i r— .\t .| \. M. wei^hel and made sail. .\t 
 S hroUHhl up at I't. (".eorne ami delivereil 7 empty casks, 5 .salt casks ami 2.^ planks. U'eceiveil on lioard ;, hoat loads of halliisl. Al 
 () I'. M. weighed and proceeded toward liakei's U.'iy. .\t <):,vi hrou^dlt up ue.ir Sandy Island in 5 f.ithoms. July 12 — .At 6:;,o weighed 
 and ill. ide sail ; at S hroii,i;lit up in llaker's Hay in ;,'. fallioms. Keccived on lioard ^oods from the CihVh>i,k .At d r. M. look in 
 the IniiKhoat anil K"! ready fiu' sea. July 1 7 -.At noon wei>;heil and heal over the har ; at 2:,v> hroiij;lit "p outside the har in 10 
 fathoms to wait for the /uii;/i\ M 4 weiKlieil and made sail in comp.iiiy with the /uii;/i' and Cinlhoin. .\t S iv .m. Cape 
 Ilisappoiiilnieiit l>ore N. l'). '.. I')., ahoiit 7 leagues. July 2;,— .At g A. M. Cape h'iatlery liore north. .\ nn'nl many canoes ahout tile 
 vessel. .At noon li«lit liree/es and line ; Cape p'attery S. W. | or s miles. ( \i,//iiiiii and A'lfcA' out of si,i;lit. July 2S — .At v.Vi weighed 
 .ind made s.iil ; at (> A. M. liroii>;ht iij) in 17 lathoms. Point Roherts hearing W. hy S. .At o weighed and in cimipany with /uii;/i' 
 proceedeil toward p'raser River. W :! r. M. lircMiKht ii]i in 7 f.ithcuns and sent the lioal to sound the ch.iunel. Julv 2y -.\l y weighed 
 and proceeiled across channel. .At 1 :;,o toncheil groniul in 1 '4 f.ithoms. Run ked),'e out and hauled her oil'. .At 2 r. M. anchored. 
 Julv .VI .A'. 7, t'i;i/Aii(() liove in siyht. .\t 11 sent a ho. it and 6 hands to assist the /uiglr. July ,;i~--\l ,S:,V' !'• Ji- weighed and 
 jiro'ceeded down toward the C\n//ii>to with ,\ hoats towing aheacl. .At ,S:_v> l)roii.i;lit up at entrance to channel in 10 lathoms. .Aug. i — ■ 
 .At I I'. M. weighed .ml proceeded tow ard tile /•.'.(;'/(•; al 2 v. M. lironght up in ;, fathoms water. .At ,=;:.((' ■'• M. weiKheil and made 
 sail to Ko to the /uh^lr ready for hauling .doiiHside id' her. .Au^. 2 -Hauled aUniKside the /Ciii;/i' to take car^'o. Discha.-Keil hallasl 
 in her and took in for P't. Laugley 60 casks salt, i mill wheel, 13 hundles iron, 25 hales, i jar oil. 5 cases kuus. i,^ ke^s shot, 1 keg n.'iils, 
 I hoK^he.'i.l ofsng.'ir. 4 casks powiler. 17 hi^s Hour. 2 ke^s yrease, .s cases sunilries. I Kriitdslime, -1 lilids. molasses. 3s casks salt, 2 
 hdls. tohacco, I punch, mm. 1 hag rice, 1 hamper kettles, i kej; rosin. 2 saws. 2 ke^s shot, ;, cases sundries, i iron lioijer. to pigs. 2 
 o\eii, 2 cows, I hull, 2 calves, I cask molasses. Delivered T, lilds. trading powder a.;d 2 kegs shot. .Aug. 7 — Met Mr. Vale with 2 
 hoats from Lan^lcy and delivered part of cargo. .Aiii;. 14 — HrouKht np .^ miles Iielow Lan^ley. .An^. rs-^Weiyheil at 10 jind 
 kedyed toward I, an^h-y. .\t ,^ I'. M. lirou^lit uji at h'orl I.auKley iiiid delivered the li\'e stock. .Aug. 17. — Receix'ed (»u hoard 16 
 casks salmon, 12 hdls. shingles, l^ bales i»e,i\'cr. lO hales dried salmon. .Au^. i^ -M 5 I'. ^1- let go warps .'iild hauled off to salute 
 the fort hefore leaving. The wad from one of the guns struck Tlierwein, one of the t'ln-t men, and wouiide<l him so severely th.it the 
 (loor fellow died ahout 2 hours .iflerward. .Au^. 20— Crossed <uit. .Aug. 2S — Weighed and towed toward the port of Port Discovery. 
 .At q A. M. heat into the port and found lyiiix there the .American hrig Ou>\hi't\ Sept. 6— Weighed, and in going from I*ort 
 Partridge passed the .Americiin hrii; f/('//:'.'i'. Captjiin Thompson. Captain came on hoard." -After crnisiuK and relnriiing to 
 l.aiiLjley. the schooner took on hoard some more salmon and furs, and entry .Septemher 22d reads : " .\t da\'liKlil unriKKed the stage, 
 hauled in our lines read\' for leaving p'ort l.aiiKley. Received 011 hoard as passengers Mr. .N'aness and 2 lioys. an Indian hov. 2 
 C.inadians. ', Indian women. 2 children. .Scut (icorKe. the Kanaka, on shore ami took Manilla on ho.inl. .At 7 weighed, lireil 5 
 Ljuns and proceeded down river. Draft t'orw.ird. S ft,, aft. .s 2. .Sweeps and ho.its iiseil all the wa\'do\vn. .Sept. .v Left Cape 
 I'Mattery .| \\ M. with N. wester and at noon Oct. i. sighted Cajie Disappointinent. Oct 2— .At 1 \\ M. stood in for the har ; .it 5:-,(i 
 hrouKlit up in 1 ( fat!ioiiis. Cape N. W. '_. mile. .At 4:50 /iinj/t-'i boats alongside. .\t 7:15 with light breeze proceeded into llaker's 
 Hav, sweeping and towing." 
 
 ^ The ('tull'Oit) w.is built at Rye. County of .Sussex, in 1S24, one deck and two masts. sch'unicr-rii.;Ked. with ii standing bow- 
 s])rit. She was built and owned by tiie Iludsmrs Hay Company, iiiid s.'iiled from London on her first trip in the fall of 1S26. rounding 
 Cape Horn, and arriving at I'ort X'.iuconvcr. Oregon Territoiy. in the spriiii.; of the followiutf year. briiiKiuK. beside her crew of 
 picked men, several new servants for the Iludson's Ha\' Compiiuy, about tliirt\ jiersons, all told. On .■irrival al \'aiicoiiver Capl.-iin 
 Swan left the vessel, and \\. Sini])son, a naval Heiileiiant, became inaster. He retained command iiulil June, is^i, when he retired 
 from the service .iiul was succeeded by Captain Sinclair. .At this time the CaJhitiit was the cnick vessel of the I'acitlc Coast. .She 
 carried si\ uiiiis. tliirt\- live men. and made a barrel of nione\' for the Hudson's Hjiv Comiianv on her tiadine trips between Noolka 
 
 I'l'' . 
 Sound and P'ort Vancouver. Captain Sinclair lell tlie vessel in iS.Vi. ami Capt. William Ryan assuineil 
 
 eoinmaml 
 
 In iS',5 Cajilain 
 
 Hrotchie (after whom Hrotchie's Ledge takes its name) took charge, remaining im her until i.SiS. It was while he was master 
 
 thai the harbors of Victoria 
 
 1.1 V. 
 
 ipi 
 
 alt ' 
 
 dir 
 
 vered hv the steamer lit 
 
 ri\ and the ( \ulbiiio was the second ■ 
 
 el to 
 
 Victoria harbor. coiniuK iu under command ol' Captain Hrotchie in |S^7. She also entered and named Cadboro Hay about the same 
 
 lime. Ca])i. James .ScarboriniKh s 
 
 ceded Cai»lain Hrotchie ami continned s.iiling her for ten years, when iu 1S4S he ^ave wav to 
 
 James SauHSter, who reinained wilh her until |S";| when Caiit. J. L. Sinclair took 
 ' ■ ' // 
 
 . coinmam 
 
 1. Tin 
 
 idvent of the Otii- 
 
 vliich 
 
 ow assisting the /tt'ttrrr, had a temlency lo relegate the ( 'tutl'iini to tlie rear : and. thoiiKh she did ^ood service until the K'dd rush 
 
 iu 1H5S, she was beginning 
 owner ojieraled her as : 
 
 lo show age, so in iSi'm the company sold her al aiiciion lo Captain Howard for *2,.|5o. lie 
 
 al and Inniber vessel between A'ictoria and neighboring ports until October, 1H62, when dnriii;.( a trip 
 
 .in.iiht in a ^ale a few miles from Tort .\ugeles, sprang a leak, and was run ashore t)v 
 
 u]) the Sound with a cargo of lumber she 
 
 the captain in charge, where the heating of the surf soon knocked her lo pieces. 
 
! I 
 
 M 
 
 /.i'Iv/k 4 Oryili'n's Murlnv Histoiy nf thr P.icific Northwi'st 
 
 V 
 
 bnrk IVilluim mid . tun' wn.H wrecked, ami one ol litr Ixmts iniidi' an iiiisucceHHt'ul nttcinpt to rescue the crew (it llie 
 doomed vessel. The ();,]/iir and the I'oiiivy remained nearly a year in the Colnmhia trailing with the Indiani, 
 both securing' vahiahle cargoes of furs. The hark W'illiinii nin/ Ann arrivecl olT the river, hut never reaiheil port. 
 goiuK to pieces on Clatsop Spit. Other vessels in tile Northwest during the ileeade prior to t.sv', not mentioned 
 previously, were the Noh Ki<y, fnnn llostou in i.sj,^ and again in iHjs. the '/'liltni and the lltnild in \^2\, the 
 hrig (Iri/fin in i8j.s, the /.oiii'sa, .Ir/ivr aiul I'oliinleer, llostou vessels, in 1H28. 
 
 In iS,vi the hark /viiA(7/i;, Captain Ryan, was stramled on Sand Islniul. and ahandoued hy the crew, who 
 were fearful of meeting the fate of the crew of the W'illhiin and .Inn, erroneously reported massacred hy the 
 Clatsop Indians, when that vessel was lost two years before. Had they not been so easily frightened they 
 might have saved the ship when the tide turned. As it was only a portion of the cargo was secured. In August, 
 [S^i, the Hritish bark Ganymedf arrived. She sailed from London on November 11, iS.^o, in command of Cajitain 
 Charles Ki.ssling. Iler tonnage was a trifle over two hundred. As the nu)Utli of the Columbia was destitute of 
 charts, buoys or pilots at that time, larger vessels were deemed unsafe. She carried a crew of thirty, and six guns. 
 Among the apprentices aboard was John Dunn, who afterward wrote a book on Oregon, and Oeoge I). Roberts, 
 who died a few years ago at Cathlamet. Including the Ihiylirc, Convoy and one or two others, which had been 
 here before this date, fully forty vessels visited the Northwest duritig the decade following i.S.io. A goodly 
 portion of this fleet were Hudson's Hay Company's vessels, and among the number was the old steamer lienxrr, by 
 far the most important one that had yet visited these waters, and a craft that will li\t in history long after the 
 magnificent steamers which followed her have been hidden by centuries of oblivion. The Hritish brig Hnad was 
 the first arrival in the thirties after the (/(i;/rwd(('c. She came in i.S.u and was on the coast until the following 
 year. The American brig Llanut," Captain McNeil, arrived in iS.^a, and was sold the following year to the 
 
 Hud.son's Hay Company, The Amer- 
 1, lean brigs Afay nacre and liuiofia 
 
 were here in 18,^4, the latter remain- 
 ing until i.s^s, when the Hudson's 
 Hay bark (ianymcdc was on the 
 Cohuidiia in command of CajUain 
 Kales; the brig Ptyad returned 
 again this .season. 
 
 With the Hi ait r in i.S,^6 came 
 as consort the Hritish bark Columbia,' 
 Captain Derby. The other Hudson's 
 Hay vessels visiting the Northwest 
 in 1.S36 were the barks [Jama and 
 Nereid, while the American fleet com- 
 prised the vessels Joscpli I'eabody, 
 Europa, l.oriol. Convoy and I.a Grange. 
 The I Jama, Nereid and Lorioi were 
 still here in 1H37, as also was the 
 pioneer Cadboro. In April the Amer- 
 ican brig Diana arrived from the 
 Sandwich Islands, bringing several 
 passengers who had come to Hawaii 
 on a ship from Hoston the previous winter. The Hritish bark Siimalr: also brought .several pa.s.sengers from the 
 islands. The American .ship Hamilton traded along the coast, and two British Government vessels, the ship .Sulpluir 
 and the schooner .Slarling, on an exploring tour of the world, spent .several weeks in this region. In iS;,,'^ the 
 Columbia came back from Kngland, and the /.lama, Nereid and Cadboro were in the Hudson's Ha^' service in the 
 Northwest and to the islands. The American ship Joseph l\-abody was also here again. In i8,^g the Sulphur, in 
 command of Capt. Edward Belcher, with her consort, the schooner Starling, Captain Kcllett, entered the Columbia 
 River and made extensive soundings and surveys on the bar, the larger vessel grounding and narrowly escaping 
 
 HAVKR" IN ViCTOKIA llAKItOR 
 
 Ic- 
 
 3: Ml 
 
 " 111 1S2S Uie Imrk William and Ann entered the Coliiiiihia one afternoon in the month of rdirniiry in coiiipanv with the 
 Americiui schooner Convoy. The Convoy was in the lead and passed into Halter's Day in safety, bnt the hark strnik the sands and 
 dnriiiK the nielli went to pieces. .\ lioat from the schooner Convoy attempted to ),'o to their relief, Init the wind rising; made the 
 attempt ])eriloiis and compelled the rescners to retnrn withont reaching the hark. None of the crew were ever seen alive after- 
 ward, and the Indians claim that they were all drowned. When the Convoy reached Vancouver a hoat was sent down In investigate, 
 obtaining no trace of the missing men, hut most of the cargo in the possession of the Indians, a sub-chief of the Cl.'itsops having a hoat 
 and oars. He refused to give up the plun<ler and moreover incited the otiiers to retain what they had gathered. I'inally the IIuil- 
 son's Hay Company sent a lirilish .schooner down there to shell the vilLige. killing the chief and two of his men. In many accounts of 
 this wreck it has been stated that the crew were murdered by the Indians, but there is nothing in evitleuce to hear out such assertions. 
 
 'On this voyage the I. tamo rescued three survivors from a Japanese junk, wrecked near Cape Flattery, and took them 
 to Vancouver, from whence they were sent to Kngland. The rescue of these men, who Iiad been blown over from the Orient, 
 during a continuation of heavy gales, has been confused with the story of the famous beeswax ship, reported to have been wrecked 
 over one hundred years ago; even yet. when the winter's storms wash the sand from the buried beeswax, and the .-ittendant 
 periodical item appears in the papers, the pioneer contributor confidently testifies that the Japs, rescued by the I. lama, aiul the crew 
 of the lieeswax ship, are identical. 
 
Earlmt Vnyagvs in the Northwi'st, Advvnt of Steam Naviyathn 
 
 »5 
 
 e i-rew of tin- 
 
 lliu IiKliaiiM, 
 
 rciuliiil port, 
 
 it iiK'titidiii'd 
 
 ill iMj^, llii- 
 
 lit' iicw, who 
 acrid liy tlic 
 litfiifd lliuy 
 
 In Au^ist, 
 III of Caiitain 
 s (Ifstitiitf ol 
 iiul six KU1IS, 
 -■ I). Kohurts, 
 ch had tiveii 
 A Koodly 
 er /IfitiTr, by 
 oiiK after tlit- 
 ^ nryml was 
 lie fiillowiiig 
 : year to the 
 
 The Amer- 
 aiid h'.uiopa 
 alter remain- 
 he Hudson's 
 was on the 
 (if Captain 
 a i/ returned 
 
 ill iS Vi came 
 
 rk (-'I'liiiiibia,' 
 
 ler Hudson's 
 
 Northwest 
 
 l.lama and 
 
 in fleet com- 
 
 ■ph Ptabody, 
 
 d I. a (1 range. 
 
 I.oiiol were 
 
 so was the 
 
 1 the Ainer- 
 
 from the 
 
 iiig several 
 
 le to Hawaii 
 
 ers from the 
 
 lip Sn/f>liii>- 
 
 In iS;,H the 
 
 rvice in the 
 
 S/i//>/iur, in 
 
 ic Columbia 
 
 y escaping 
 
 d 
 
 paiiv witli tlic 
 the saiuls and 
 sing made the 
 n alivL' aflcr- 
 o iuvestigale, 
 having a lioat 
 
 illy the Ilu.1- 
 ly aci-onnlsof 
 ch asst'rtioiis. 
 i<l took tlieni 
 11 the Oriuiit, 
 liien wreckcii 
 the attendant 
 
 and Ihi' crew 
 
 destructinii nn wlint was afterward known a* Peacock Spit. Other veHHcls in i.'HS were the Hudson's Hay bark 
 I'limoir.rr, Captain Duncan, the briK /'/'i"«"i I'likiiis. and tlic sliiji /■':'>, it; <i-, Captain Tiioiiips.m. 
 
 Tliere is a tinRC of romance connected with the history of the prosaic old hulks which ploweil North- 
 western waters in early days, many of which have passed out of existence so Ioiik ago that dal.i reKanliiiK' them 
 is very unreliable. Hut thaiik.s to the foresiRht of lier builders niul a kindly I'mvideiice, there was one ve* ■ 1 
 wlKise name and fame will last as long as steam and sailing vessels are in use. "The Old Steamer /li<nr>," ns 
 she was called, was the first steamer that enteieil the waters of the Pacific Ocean ; and for a (piarter of a century 
 before her iKiioiniiiious cud on the rocks at the entrance to Iturrard's Inlet, and during many years after the imiK- 
 nificent ocean liners and IreiKht steamers of nearly every nation on the face of the earth were churning the waters 
 of the northern seax, and hundreds of les.ser craft steamed in and out of the navinable streams in the Northwest, 
 the old, original /Inifii was .serenely following her old vocation, with timbers as stanch and .sound as on 
 the day she was launched. The //,,/;c; was built in iH.is on the Thames, and it is safe to .say that no other 
 vessel built altervvard attracted anywhere near as much attention as this pioneer of the Pacific ; and from 
 the day that her keel was laid until she went down the llritish Channel and disajipeared from sight on the track- 
 less ocean, she w.as watched with the closest interest. Over i5ci,o<io people, incliidiiiK King William and a large 
 number of the nobility of Ivngland, witnes.sed the launching, and cheers from thou.sands of throats answered 
 the farewell salute of her guns as .she sailed away f'T 'i "ew world. But little was known about steam marine 
 navigatinn at that iieriod, and the far-olT Pacific Northwest was even more of a mystery, cotisei|iieiitly much 
 speculatidii was indulged in as to the success of her cruise. The machinery was placed in position, but the side- 
 wheels were not attached, so she was rigged as a brig and started for her destination under canvas, with Captain 
 Home in cnininand. The bark Co/ inn bin sailed with her as am.sort, but the lu<ix,r was too speedy, and reached 
 the Columbia in advance, after a pa.ssage of i6,^ days. 
 
 Through the kindness of Mr. Harry Glide, a Victoria pioneer, we were enabled to secure a copy of the 
 or'ginal log of the old steamer, which is here given, the dales omitted being unimportant in a work of this 
 character. The historical value of this document cannot be overestimated, and we give the same in as c( idete 
 a I'orm as our space will admit : 
 
 " I.iiK fif llie steaniHhip lleatci; from (Iravesenil for tlie Coluinliia River, .Viigust 27, is^i;.— Crew list on leaving Crrnveseiiil: 
 I). Ildine, <-oiniiiaiiiler ; \V. C. Ilainillon, first mate; Charles Dodd, second mate; I'eter .Vrllinr, chief engineer ; jnhn Donald, 
 sei'niiil enuiiieer; Henry ll.irrell, carpenter ; William Wilson, C.eorge ("lonloii, William I'hillips, James Dick, deiirgi' Holland, fames 
 Mclnlvre, William lliirns. alis. Tlinrsday, .Angnst 27, IH.^S— 3 I'. M., Jiihit came on hoard, hauieil the vessel out of docks ami pro- 
 ceedecf down the river. .S i'. M., came l<i anchor, wilh light winds from the sonthward. .Aug. 2S -.1 a. m., weighed anchor and 
 proceeded lr)ward Cir/ivesend. 7 A. M., anclioreil olf Ciravesend. People employed the resl of the ilav lilting sleering halyards, 
 lilocks anil gear. .\iig. 21)— Wind easl I'eoph- varionsly employed. 3 i'. M., weighed anchor and found Ihe slock gone. Dropped 
 down to the he.iil ol l,ca Reach. Aug. ,vi— Commenced with foggy weather and light airs from the north. 3:,',o a. .m., sent to 
 ('■raveseml for an .mchor slock. 7 A. M., weigheil anchor anil proceeded down I.ea Reach, wind easl. .\t onn hronght np in llic 
 lower pari of Ihe re.icli. (i i'. M., weighed anchor and proceeded down the channel, nip. M., anchored olT the lower part of tile 
 wharf ill si\ fallioms. .Vng. ,ii —Commenced with fresh lireeze from the N. Iv. 6 A. M., weigheil anchor and proceeded towaril 
 tile ilowns. .\t noon arrived in the down" ami the pilot left us. This day's log contained only twelve hours. .Sept. 1 Commenieil 
 wilh moderate liree/e from the east. At noon set llie larlioard foreloinnasl, lower and topgallant sail, h w M., sliortcneil sail for 
 tile ('oliiiiihiii : Dungeiiess light liore H. liy X., .S miles. At 10 took in the steering sails, lieachy Mead light hearing N. N. W. 
 Miilnighl. Ileachv lleail light N. Iv. 'j K., distant alinut four leagues. 2 A. m , set the steering sails larlioard side. 10 a. .\i., signal 
 Iroin the ( 'iiliiiiiiiiii, wishing to sjieak ns. Hove to for her, and she rciiorted the ileath of Mr Carney, her chief male. .Sept. 2 — 
 Moilerate liree/e and clear weather; oliliged to carry easy sail to keep in company with the Coliimhia. .\ w si , set the larlioard 
 steering siiils. ,S a. .\i., set the starhoard steering sails. People employed in setting up topmast and topgallant rigging. I.,atilude 
 .14 (h. .Sept ,? Cominenced with fresh hree/e and clear weather, .st.vi i'. -M., sent llie royal n]i and set the sail. S i'. m., shortened 
 sail for the Cii/niii/iia. II 1'. M., cloudy; look in the topgallant steering sail. I.atituile 4^^ .S.i. Ion. 7 -.(4 west. .Sept. 4--I,ight 
 V. triable wiiuls and clear we.ither. 4 p. M , no wind and rain. 5 P. M.. shorlening sail for the i'ohiinhiij. Midnight, light wiiiil, 
 clonily. 1 A. M., light wiiiil and heavy rain. (1 A. .M.. set the foresail and forelopgallant .sail, royal and gaff topsail. IVojile eniployeil 
 ilrawiug ami knotting yams. I, on. .S ,?4, lal. 4S-5S. Sept. s Calm and cloudy, 4 p. M., with rain. Noon, steady hree/e and cloudy. 
 People employed greasing m.'ists and cleaning forecastle. Siguali/.ed to the Colmithia lo steer S. W. .Sept. h ^toderale and cloudy, 
 111 ire np for the l','hniihi,t and signali/ed course toiler.— west. Midnight, clear. .Spoke two Dutch vessels houiiil to the easlwanl; look 
 in lower sleering s tils. Several vessels in sight stamling to the eastw.'ird. Mustered the crew and had prayers. I. on. in iS, lal. .(5 54. 
 .Sept 7 Light hree/e and line weather. Itore up for the Cohmthia. Light airs .and rain. People emplovi d ahonl the rigging; 
 sisly gallons of water expemleil, 4.072 remaining. Sept. S— Light airs. Tacked ship ami set slarlioanl, topmast and topgallant 
 sails. People variously employeil. Signalized course S. W. lo t'li/rt/MA/i;. .Sept. y Moderate liree/.e, all sail set ; sluiwed colors to a 
 I'reiich shij). People variously employed aliout the rigging. 6'(?///////i/(; in company hearing X. IC. 'j V., Sept. in -.Sleadv hree/e 
 througliont. Took in lower steering sails; set them again. .Strange sail in sight slanding lo the easlwanl. People employed 
 in making mats for the rigging. .U noon Cohiiiihia bore X. '• west, distance 2 miles. .Sept. 11 — ]\I<iilerate ami line llironghont. 
 Took the larboard steering sail in, look fore topsail in. Peojile emjiloyeil w-ashiug clothes and airing bedding. .At noon signali/ed 
 course and longitude to the Co/iiiii/ii,i. Longitude 14-44, lal. ,^6-2'v Sept. 12— Moderate bree/e. Set the jib and galT topsail. 
 l'eo]ile eiuiiloyed scrnbbing paint work, cleaning 'tween decks and greasing masts. Cohiiiihia three miles distant. Sept. 13 — M.ule 
 the island of Porto .Sauto bearing .S. S. W., distant 10 leagues. .M noon made island of Madeira, west point, bearing S. .S. W., 8 
 miles. Read jirayers to the ship's company. Sept. 15 Light brec/.e throughout ; spoke the rn/wwA/d. Sail in sight hound to tlie 
 .S. Sept. 14 — Moderate and steady throughout. Signalized longitude and course to the I'oliiinhia. .Ml necessary sail set. Sept. 
 20 -Moder.'Ue traile wind, spi.-ills and rain; fine weather. Made Cape St. .\utonio, bearin.g south, .vi miles. Performed divine 
 service. Sept. 22— Light, variable breezes. .-V vessel in sight on the starhoard beam standing to the N. iS: W. People employed 
 as yes'erday, .Sept. 24 — Light, variable breeze. Took In the royal topgallant sail and the galT tojisails. Light bree/e; made <• 11 
 sail. People emploved as yesterday. 7 A. M., hove to for the ColiDiibia, and at 10:3,1 bore np to her. .Sept. 26 -Liglit bree/e 
 throughout. .-V sail 111 sight standing to the southward. Sept. 27— Light airs throughout. Hove lo for the f'i)/»/«/);i/. Heavy rain 
 with Ihuuder and lightning; weather too un.settled lo read prayers. Sept. 29 -Light bree/e. Hove to for the Columbia. Spoke 
 Ibc Cii/u III /'ill and m.ide all sail. .Sept. 30— Light, variable breeze with heavy head .sea. Hove lo for the t'nliiiiilnn, and fired 
 several guns but secured no answer. Made sail ; fired three rockets for the Coliiiiihia hut received no answer. W. 3 p. M.. during 
 a heavy siiuall, lost sight of her when she w.is ahonl two miles iistern ; at S p. m., at which lime signals were always exclianged, 
 no answer could be secured. Oct. 4 — Moderate breeze. Spoke a brig honnd for Montevideo. Re.id pr.ayers to the ship's company. 
 Oct. 7— Moderate trade winds Ihroughout. People employed in engine room with the engineer, del. 11 — Moderate trade, sipialls 
 occasionally. Read prayers. Latitude 13-24, Ion. 25-02. Oct. 15— Light, variable breeze. Made the island of Triniilad, bearing 
 S. '. W., distance S leagues. Lon. 28 13, lal. 20-25. Del. 16— Light, variable airs. Trinidad S. K., 5 miles. Oct. 25— I'resh breeze 
 and fine weather, hard sijualls, weather loo unsellled lo read p-ajers. Lon. 37-14, lal. 30 28. Oct. 30— Strong breeze and heavy 
 
 I 
 
wmm 
 
 16 
 
 /.ew/c cp Dryckn's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 \ 
 
 ttiMJ 
 
 heatl sea. I.uiij^iludc ,^7 ' 5', latitude .17' ,17'. Oct. 31 —Moderate breeze. A sail on the weather <|uarter, lu' .iiiif; to the suuthward. 
 N'ov. 4 — I'Vesli bree/e and stiually. IvOiiijitude 4,^^ ^^4', latitude 42"^ 7,'. Nov. S — Motlerate bree/e. Tt'ni])er.iltire 57' air, 50 water. 
 I,on. 51 -.vl. hit. 15 -19 Nov. 1 1 — Made the Ivdklatid Islands bearing; S. by W. Nov. i,\— Strouy; bree/e tlironyhoul. increasinj^ with 
 lieail sea. .A sail on the weatlier beam standing to N Nov. 15 — Moderate bree/e with lu-avy sea. freshening with rain. Wealher too 
 unsettle-I to read pr.iyers. I.tni. 6i-;i.v lat. 56- 'yV N<'V. |S — Stronj; luee/e. MadeCajie Horn liearinj^ N. by \V.. distant mlfaj^jues. At 
 noon Cai)e Horn N. H. by IC; passed Island of Diej^o Raniire/. Nov. 20 -Stroni,^ bree/e. A sail in sii^lit bouml to the N. ^i V.. 
 Nov. 22 — I're^h -^ales with heavy sipialls and hail ; weather tot) bail to read prayers. I. on. 7S 7, hit. .=iq-fi2. Nov. 25 - I'resh bree/e. 
 A sudden scpiall carried aw.iy tojjtnast steerinj^ sail bixnn. Heavy fall of snow. Nov. 20— Heavy .^ale ; lay to under fore topsail. 
 Nov. 27— Strong' j.;ale anil heavy sea ; lyiiij,' to uinler double-reefed foresail. 2yth— I)ri//linj.( rain and foj.r).,'y. Made land. liearini; 
 N. N. l\. and tacked to the westward. I. on. 75 45. lal. 49 29. Dec. 6— I'resh bree/.e throuj^hont. with showers of rain. I. on. S^, 
 lat. 45-19. Dec. S— Calm and clear. .\ DanJsli ship in sij^ht bound to the west. Dec, lo — Moder.tle bree/.e. A sail in sij^ht staudinj; 
 to the N. I'*,; v.ind N. x \V. Dec. 12— Moderate bree/e antl cUnidy. Made the Island of Juan I'eruande/. N. by \V. '..west. Rent 
 the cables and i^oi tile anclior over. Tacked and stood in fur tlie land, workinj^ into Cumberland harbor. Dec. i.v-At S i*. .M. 
 came to anelu)r in Cumberiand harttor in 12 fathoms of water ; lindin^' we had ilrifled ilnrin.i; the nij^ht, \vei).;hed ancluir and 
 lowed over to t!ie starboanl shore, anchorint; in 10 fathoms. The wind shifted and swnn^ ny, in shore with only two and a half 
 fathoms under stern. Sliifled berth and warped her farther out, i ad let ^n anchor in 12 fathoms. C.aveher 45 fathoms of chain. 
 .\t II A. M. the t'(j/«»//'/(/ hove in sij.;ht. Dec. 16— I'resh bree/e throuj^hout with heavy si|ualls otf the laud. Teople employed 
 j.iettin.Lr water oiT to the r<'///»//v'(/. Carpenter niakiui^' a main boom. Dec. iS -Li).;ht bree/e N. N. W. : weij^hed anchor an<l made 
 sail for the Sandwich Islands. Hove to and sent two boatdoads of water on boanl the Colnuihia. At midnight the island bore 
 S by 1{. 'j \\. Dec. 19 Moilerate biee/e ihrouj^hout, N. N. \V. People emi»loyeil unbendinj.( cable and stowinj^ ancliors. 8:30 
 \. M. hove to. to send water on board the Cciuiiihiu. I,on. So-oi, hit. .V>~54. Dec. 20— Light breeze N. \V. Hove to for the 
 Co/utfi^>i\i, made sail, and shorteneil sail for Columbia. Head prayers to the ship*', conijiany. Dec. 21 — Moderate bree/e N. N. W. 
 Si>,MiaIi/ed loniiilude to the Cohnn^ia ,^ miles distant. I'eople employed repairing topsail. Dec. 22 — Light bree/e throughout. 
 Showed lougilutle to the Colmiihia. Island of .Ambrose sighted, bearing N. \\. '.. \\. Dec. 2,^ — Light bree/e from N. \V. .Ambrose 
 Island v.. S. !•; Dec. 24 Calm and clear. Spoke the Colionbia. l\)in)nhia sent a boat aboard for fresh beef. At S v. y\. hailed 
 the Co/ui/ibitt and reipiested Caplaiti Darby to send the iloclor on bor.rd. as Mr. Hamillon was very unwell, also one of the crew. 
 At 7 A. M. Mr. Prattent came on board with a message from Ca]>tain Darby saying the doctor pleadetl illness as an excuse for not 
 coming. Dec. 25 — Liglit bree/e S. !•*. Showed longitude to tlie ( 'oln>uhia, bearing S. V.. Lon. Si 59, lat. 24-20. Dec. 2S— Moderate 
 S. v.. trade throughout. Altered course to close with IIk- Cohifiihia. Dec. 29. -Moderate trade wind S. IC rnl)tnt the mains.ail for 
 repairs. Columbiit bearing S. K. by V.. Dec. ,V) — I'resli tratie Iv. with rain. Lou. 92-o.S, lal. iS 34. I'riday. Jan. i, 1S36— Moderate 
 trade I^. by S., .st|nally, with rain. Co/u/fibhi W. I)y N. Jan. 3— Moderate S. K. trade throughout. Coluinhia \\. S. K. I.ou. 1(m^)-o4, 
 lat. 14-21. Jan. 6— Steady irade and clear throughout. K. S. IC Colimihia N. Iv Lou. 105 4 vhit. 1 i-Lv J-'"- '2 —Moderate trades 15. 
 Lon. 12.) 29, lat. 3 i>4. Jan. 13 — I'lesli trade. s(jually. Iv Cohinthia V.. S. K. Lou. 123. lat. S. 1-17. Jan. 14 — I'resh trade K. S. K. 
 Carpenter nviking a rudder for the ulialel)oat. Lou. 125 -21, lat. N. 0-15. Jan. i6-Moderate S. Iv. bree/e. .Altered course to close 
 with Coin til hia. Lou. 12S 39. lat. \-2\. Jan. 20— Light N. W. bree/.e. Col mil hut \V. Lon. 13; 3^. lat. 10 13. Jan. 22 -I'resh N. K. 
 trades with rain. Cu'nmhiii N. by \V. Lon. L'^9-.S3. hit. 12-56, Jan. 25 Light Iv N. Iv bree/e wiih mist. Hove to for the Colutnhia. 
 Jan. 26 —Light bree/e with rain, Iv N. Iv Lon. 145-50. 'at. 15-39. Jan. 27 — LiglU, v. triable breive Iv Captain Home went on board 
 Colunthiti. Jan. 28— Moder.ite Iv S. IC. bree/e. j^atitide by Polar star at 2 a. m. 10-5.^ N. Jan. 30 -S. L. bretve al noon ; taken 
 aback with a stpiall from N. ^: Iv Lon. 151-15, lal. iS 52. l"eb. 1 — Hove to for the Cohnubia, Made tlie island of Owyliee, bearing 
 \V. by S. -At ?i0(m 3.) miles distant. Peb. 2— I,osl sii.ht of the C<'luin''/ii. Lon. 154 4S. hit. 20 43. I'eb. 3— Vari.dile bree/e, K. S. Iv 
 Matle island of ^Iacoa, S. by \V. 4 leagues. Cohitnhio sighted Iv N. Iv Peb. 4 — Sighted \\'oahon Island. At 2:30 v. m. Mr. 
 Keyuohls came on boanl to pilot us in. .At 3 i'. m came to a'lclior in 4 falhoms of w.iter in IIoni)luln harbor. i"eb. 7 -I'ine 
 weather. Atteiuled divine service on sliore with ship's company. Peb. 14— I'ine weather. William Wilson wvnl on shore without 
 leave and against positive order; not to go. Peb. 17 — The mate made the following jtitry : 'At 11 a. m. Captain Ch.uilon, His 
 Majestv's Consul, eaiue on board ami reprimanded William Wilson, seaman, for leaving the sliip on Sunday last against (trders. also 
 for his insolence to me (Ui the p.i.ssage and general bad conduct.* Captain Home wrote over this. ' Not coned.' ami as ;> lool-note 
 addecl : ' In reference to the log of the 17. Ca])tain Charlton came on b()aril the /n\i:rr al niy request to t;ike William \Vilsou out 
 of the vessel for punishmetil for having left the vessel without leave, but William Wilson showing great eonlrition for his olfence 
 and the re.U of the people begging that he be not punished, and that they wonlil be answerable for his conduct in the iutnrc, I 
 reprimanded him and sent luni to his dutv.' P'eb. 19— Let tlie old slork of water out of the boilers, it being very bad, Took on 
 board i.txt-J gallons of water. I'eb. 24 Crew employeil pre])ariug f()r sea. I'el». 25— At 4 P. M. weiglied anchor and made sail. 
 .At ,s r. M. came to anchor in Houolnlu roads iu 15 fathoms water. Receiveil on board J Sandwich Islanders tc) work their passage 
 to tlie C(dumbia. i'eb. 2h-~'. i. Dodd, 2d olVicer, exchanged with Mr. Prattent of the Colutn/uu. by periuission of Caj)lain Home 
 and Captain Derby. At 11 a. .m. weighed .anchor. I'eb. 2C— I'resh N. Iv trailes. Island of Woalioo bearing N. by Iv '_. Iv Peb. 
 27— Ivist wind al noon; a .S. Iv stpiall with tliunder an.i lightning jibeil the m;un boom and carried away the gatT. I-'eb. 2S — 
 Sipiallv wealher. i'olunihia W.; answereil her light. Weather loo unsettled to read pr.iyers. Lon. 155-II. hit. 25 16. Mar. 3 — 
 W. N. W. bree/.e earried away the main gatf, .At 9 A. M signaleil the ( 'oliitnhia for her car])enler. who came on boanl at 10 to assist ir 
 making a main gatT. Mar. 4 Liglit bree/e ^^ S. Iv Shortened sail to keep in couipany w>. 1 the (.'oluinhio. I'olinnhiu's boat left 
 atSiiop. M. Set all sail on the larboard tack. Mar. 5 -^Moderate S. Iv bree/e. Ci>liiinhia N. Iv '.. N. I.on. 143-31. bit. 3^-28. 
 Mar. 9— I.iglit S. Iv winds wiih sipialls. Shortened sail and hove to Uyr Ci>/ it >/i bid's boat. IVojiIe employed cleaning arms. I,on. 
 135-0S. lat. 39 <>'^ Mar. 13— Moderate bree/e with hail from N. W. Shortened sail for the ('<>/. Lon. 125-31, lat. 14-33. ^I-ir. 
 14 — Moderate brec/e and scpiallv from N. Out anchors and bent cable at 2:15 \\ M. Observed laud ahead, lieiring fnnn N. N. H, 
 to Iv by S. Thv i I'liti/ibitJ not in siglil. Lon. 126 ih. lat. 44 41. Mar. 15 Strong wind from N. W. I'ired rockets for the 
 Colunthia. (M)served land bearing from Iv to N. N. Iv Lon. 121 -41, lat. 45 35. Mar '6 -Light bree/e W. N. W. nl)served Cape 
 Disa]>pointuiunt aheail at 530; Caju- Low N. by Iv; Point .Adams N. by Iv '. easi., distant S or i) leagues; Mlntl" Point N, Iv '^ 
 K. Light, variable airs. Tacked ship at 11:30; fireil t\\o guns. Iteahugs at no(Ui : Cape l)isai)pointiuenl N. 'j IC; Point .Adams 
 N. Iv l>v Iv; Chinonk Point N. N. Iv 'j Iv Mar. 17 — Light W. wind. lieariugs at noon : Cape !)i>iappointnient Iv by N,; Cliinook 
 Point Iv; Point Adams K. S. Iv Stnindings in black s;inil 17 to 50 fathoms. Mar. iS— Calm and clear wealher, N. W. At 4:10 hove 
 to uitli head to westward, strong tide setting to the N. At 3 1'. :\I. stood in for the bar, ?'Ouniling everv live minutes. Cajie Iiciiring 
 Iv N. Iv Mar. 19 Slooil in for the Colunii)i;i River bar with the wind frinu N. W. At 2 a canoe came alongside wiili natives. 
 .At 6 r. y\. wind variable ami strong ebl) tide ; 7:30 anchored in 7 fathoms with I'l fathoms chain. Hearings: Point IClIis Iv b\ N.; 
 LujH' Dissa]ip<tinlmeut N. by Iv at 8:30 p.m. Ploc 1 tide made with a fresh bree/e from the S. Iv 7 a. m, I\Ir. Heath, chief mate of ihe 
 (i\jtiMH, il(\ came on board, also the (iovernor of I'ort Cieorge. .Al 9 weighed anchor and made all possible sail ; al 10:50 shortened 
 sail ami came to -inehor in baker's Pay in 5 fathoms of water Sunday, March 2o-M(iderate bree/e from S, Iv Ci>lumhiii off the 
 bar al 3 P. M. Hoisted a union jack on Cape Disa])pointiiient for the i 'ohioibia. M.ar. 21 Moderate bree/e from S. iv f 'oliimbia 
 in the oiling. Mar. 22 — (oluinbia came in al 9.30 a. m. and anchored ahead of us. Mar. 23 — Light bree/e from llie weslward. 
 l-'oggv with rain. March 24 —.At i p. m. weighed anchor, and made all sail possible on a wind up the river. At 3 p. M. anchored in 
 3 fatlioms water off the red bluff. At 4:30 weighed and made sail *lown the river. P'indiug we were too near the satirl bitik at 
 6:30. anchored in 7 fatlunr.s water. P'ort (leorge S. Iv by S. Tongue Point Iv, Kcd lUnlf N. by W. Mar. 25— 1 .1 4)10' ed sounding 
 channel across to Tongue Point. .At 4 P. M. Mr. I.attie arrived from I'ort \'anconvt - to pilot the vessel u]) ll c river. ]\T;ir. 2h - 
 Weighed anciior al 5:30 ami stood across the channel to Tongue Point. Least water, ou.irter less three. Tlie flood being done 
 anchoreil in fathoms. Tongue Point Iv S. Iv At 2:30 p. m. weighed and made -,ail towards Tongue Point, wind S. W. In crossing 
 Tongue Point channel, taileil on the west point of the east sand, run a warp out. hove olT and stood up tlie river .At 7 P. m. 
 anchoreil in 7 fathoms below the Pillar ilock. Oliserved tlie Colinnbiti on shore; .sent a boat. .Al 5 p. m. the (olii.i/bi.i lutve oil', 
 and is now in company. ^lar, 27 — i p. m. got under way, wind from the we.-tward, and proceeded up the river. At 2:30 ])assed 
 the Pillar Kock, least water (juarter two. .At 5 P. m., not being able to stem the ebb. brought up in 10 fathoms. Three Tree 
 Point S. W. '. W. 2 miles. Off shore tjuarter of a mile. Mar. 28 Calm, witli rain. At 2 p. M. a bree/e sjitung up from the siuitli 
 and we liove short, 1 ut falling calm again with strong ebb conl'.i not get under way. At 4 P. M. got under way with ilie wiinl from 
 tlie south and ; roceedecl up llie river. At 5:30 P. M., not being able \<) stem the ebl), anchoreil in 9 f.ithom between Orchards 
 River and the lower end of Piiget Island, the Colmnbia in c(nnpany Mar. 29— Calm, with rain. At 8 a. m. got under weigh with 
 the flood and light bree/e from the S. Iv; f.alling calm, down boats ami towed around the lower end of Pugel Islaml 'south channel L 
 1 p. .M., flood being diaie, anchored in 5 fathom about 2 miles up the channel. Al 2:30 i". M. a l»ree/e sprung up f'rom th" west ; 
 

 Eaiiifst Vnyayrs in iln: Nnrthwst, Advi-nt of Stv^ni Naviijiltnn 
 
 17 
 
 I tile soiilluvaril. 
 
 ■' air, 511 water. 
 
 iiu'rcasiiin witli 
 
 1. Wcalher too 
 
 t icilenKnes. At 
 
 to llie N. Sl Iv. 
 
 ; I'rt'sh bree/c. 
 
 ler fore topsail. 
 
 laiiil. Hearing 
 
 rain. I, on. S,^, 
 
 1 si^'lit staiidiiiK 
 
 . '.. west. Rent 
 
 I.',— .\t 8 !■. .M. 
 
 ed anchor antl 
 
 two and a half 
 
 lionis of eliain. 
 
 .'ojile employed 
 
 lelior anil made 
 
 the island l>ore 
 
 : anchors. S:_^o 
 
 ilove to for the 
 
 liree/e N. N. \V. 
 
 e/e tliroii>;hout. 
 
 s'. W. .\nilirose 
 
 t S 1', M. hailed 
 
 lie of the erew. 
 
 a excuse for not 
 
 c. 2S — Jloderate 
 
 the niainsail for 
 
 iS-,6— .Moderate 
 
 '.. Lon. 100-04, 
 
 iilerate trades K. 
 
 h trade IC. .S. K. 
 
 course to close 
 
 2-' -I'resh N. I-;. 
 
 r the I'l'lniiihia. 
 
 ± went on hoard 
 
 it noon ; taken 
 
 )wyliee, bearing 
 
 hrec/e, K. S. Iv. 
 
 I 2:,-,o 1'. M. Mr. 
 
 . I'eb. 7 — I'iiie 
 
 n shore without 
 
 1 Chariton, His 
 
 inst orders, also 
 
 d as .' loot-note 
 
 iaiii \Vilson out 
 
 fur his olfence 
 
 n the future, I 
 
 bad. Took oil 
 
 and made sail. 
 
 k their passai^c 
 
 Caj)lain Home 
 
 !■:. '. l'. I-eb. 
 
 air. I'eh. 2.S— 
 
 16. liar. .',— 
 
 It 10 to assist ii 
 
 liiii's boat left 
 
 hit. .u 2,S. 
 
 arms. I. on. 
 
 14 ,VV Mar. 
 
 from N. N. H. 
 
 kits for the 
 
 Iiscrved Cape 
 
 >int N. !■;. ". 
 
 INiint .\d<aius 
 
 X.; Chinook 
 
 .\t 4:10 hove 
 
 C.'ipe bearing; 
 
 wiM'. natives. 
 
 I'ris !•:. by N.; 
 
 cf nr>1(; t^f llie 
 
 horteiu'il 
 
 hdiihiii ofT the 
 
 ( 'ofttmhia 
 
 the westward. 
 
 mchored in 
 
 lllcl li. 11k at 
 
 ■d sonndiuH 
 
 M:ir. 2') - 
 
 d beiii.i^ done 
 
 In crossing 
 
 .\t 7 v. M. 
 
 ihiit Ilove off, 
 
 ;\t 2;;,o p.isscd 
 
 Three Tree 
 
 nnii the south 
 
 he wind IVom 
 
 cell ( Ircliards 
 
 r weigh with 
 
 nth chaniien. 
 
 0111 111" west ; 
 
 ;i. 
 
 up anchor and ni,ide sail At 4 P. M , not having snilicient wind to stem the ebb, let ffo " kedge. At ,s P. M. (lie wind shifted to 
 the east • ni> keik'e and anchored in ,s fathom. Coliimhia in comiianv. .Mar. .v> I.iKhl bree/.e froii the cast, with ram. At 1 p M. 
 a bree/e'sprnni; up from the W. N. w'.; up anchor and made all sail up the river. At 2 p. M. wiiio lell built, and. not beiun able 
 to stem the ebb let v." 'i kedge Al (i:io wind shifted to the east ; up kedge iiml let go sni.ill bower 111 ,i lathoms. ( o/iimhia in 
 companv Thick and fo^KV witu rain.' Mar. u -Wind ca,.!, with rain. I'riday, April 1 -Wind V.. S. I-... with heavy ram .Xpril 
 2-At 1 1 A. M. Kol under weij;li with a li.uhl breeze from N. \V. At 12 let ko a kedge. At 12:,V'. up kcdxt ; liKlit bree/e from S \V. 
 with heavv rain • sent boats ahead to assist. I'ive P M., tloiid beiiiK done, anchore.l 111 4 lathoms abrea: t of Cull Island. Ajiril 
 ^-Wind variable from the eist. with rain. At ,^ P. M. weJKhed with the win.l from the N. \V. and made all possible sail up the 
 river. .At ,s P M.. wind failing, let go the stanioaril bower in 7 fathoms. 2 miles below Walker's Island. At 4 p. M observed the 
 (:"(|/hmi''/.i iigronnd and sent .1 boat to assist. April 1 — Wind east and clondy. I.oo.scd sails to-day. At noon boat returned Irom 
 the C\i/nm/'iii. who had hove off at | A. .M. April .s Light, variable airs from the east with passing showers. People employed 
 cleaning out for. hold. Coliimhia in companv. April 6 - Light bree/.e fnnn the west. Al 9:.;o p. M. weighed and made all 
 possible .sail np the river. At io:vi. bree/.e being loo light to stem the current, anchored in .S lathoms. .-Vpril 7 -At 5:.V' a. m. 
 weighed a'ld lowed u|i with the ilood. .\t 6:,v>, Hood being done, anchored in ,s fathoms. At 4:,vi P. M. weighed with a light 
 bree/e from the west and made .ill sail up the river. o:vi P. M., wiml falling; anchored 111 ,s falhoms. .-Xjiril S — At ,1:30 A. M. 
 .veighed aud towed up with the liood. At 6;vi a light bree/e from the west; made all sail and up boats. .-M iii:;,c>, not being 
 able to stem the curreul, let go a kedge. W 1 1 :,',o, up hedge ami let go the bower ill 9 (athiMiis. At 2:30 got under weigh with a 
 bree/e from the south. At 4:3.- let go the starboanl bower. At ,s:,vi P. -M- wcij.hed again, and made all possible sail. At 6:,3o, 
 wiiiil failing, anchored in 4'. fathoms. April 9-Wiiid S. I; , with rain. At 9 observed the /lioiigliloi, (cutteri coming down the 
 river. At io:v> she anchored abreast of us. Al 1 130 P. M. weighed and maile all sail with the wind from the west At ,=; p. M. 
 wind fell light; let go a kedge. Al f>:,V), uj) kedge ami let go bower euie mile below Co.. .11 Kock. .-Vpril m— At 4;,V) P. M. 
 weighed wiih a light breeze from the west. Al 6:30 rounded Parting Point; fired two guns. Al 7:,vi came to, abreast of I't. 
 Vancouver, in 9 falhoms. I'ouud King there the Ilouor.ible II. Ii schooner ( WAixr' Coliiiiihi,i still in company." Next entries 
 are regarding the work of lilting her as a sleamer : ■' Monday, .May 1(1 A'ari.ible winds and line weather. Carpenters shipping the 
 paildle-wlieels. \\. 4 p M. the engineers go^ the steam up and tried the engine- and found to answer very well. Sailed The 
 schooner ('(/i/Ac/d. Tnesdav, May 17 -.\l davlighl unmoored shii> ami got the steam up. .M 3:30 weighed and ran down abreast 
 of the lower plain for Tiewood. At noon liislicd alongside the (o/iiiii/thi. At 1 ;,^o look the Colniiil>i<i in low up to the sawmill. 
 .■\t (1 relumed and anchored off I-'orl Vancouver in ,■; fathoms, deceived the gl'. long gun from the ('•iliiiiihin May 23— .At 
 daylight engineers employed getting up steam. .M 9 weighed anchor am ran down with steam to the lower j.lain to take on 
 firewood. At 2 P. .M r'-'u'ined to the fort and received a ]>arty of gentlemen on i/oard and ran up to the sawmill and back to the 
 lower part of Meuzies Islam.. .-M 7 anchored olT the for", .iiid found the engines to act very well. May 31 M 9:30 a party of ladies 
 and gentlemen from the fort came on hoard. .At 945 weighed anchor and ran down the river under steam ami entered the upper 
 branch of the Wilhainmet ; ran under half power uiilil we cleared the lower branch al 3;.sii. and ran up towards Vancouver. .At ,s 
 came to anchor and moored i'l our old berth. .At .S called all hands t,i 'splice the main brace.' June,'; — Our draft of water with 
 boilers empty is S ft. .s forward and ,S ft. 6 aft, June ^ -('olniiibia sailed for the .Sandwich Islands, hjigineers painting the eugincs. 
 crew whilcwashiug the funnel. .luiie 11 .At 12:30, the steam heiu.g up. hove short and received 011 boanl a parly of ladies and 
 gentlemen and weighed and ran down the river and entered the lower branch of the Williammet. .At 7:1,1 cleared the ujiper br.inch 
 .■Mid ran up towards \*aiicouver and anchored in our old berth. June 19 — .At 1 1 :3o weighed and ran liowii with fresh bree/es. .Al 
 .S:3o p. M. anchored near Pillar Kock. Received aboard Duncan hinlayson, Ivsq , chie^ factor. Jniie 19 — .At ,s A. M. weighed and r.iii 
 (low 11 the river. .At 6:30 very hazy, and, not being able to see the channel, anchored i])i)osile (iray's liay village. .At 7:.|.s weighed, 
 and at .S(3 gronndeil on the east s.-ind in Tongue Point chauuel. Ivndeavorcd to ba^-k her olV, but the tide ebbing very fast f'niud 
 it imiiossible ; ran a kedge out and waited for the Ilood. .At 3 P. M.. with the assistance of a boat's crew from the i'o/n)iihii}, we 
 hove olTaud ran through the channel. .At 4:30 anchored olT PI. Ceorge; found the I'ltlKiiihia lying here. Iiiue 21— .At i:3i> weighed 
 ami ran down the river. .At 4:.v> .mchored in Baker's ll.iy in company with the ('I'himhin ; found the engines to work extremely 
 wi'll. Ilranghl of water 9 b forward, ii>-fS;ift. Laid in the b.ay iiiiiil 2htli getting wood, etc., and waiting for the swell to subside. 
 June 2h~.At I P. M. weighed anchor and ran towards the bar. Al 2 crosseil the b.",r. the least water being quarter less lour. ,Al 
 2:30 Cape Iiisapiioinlmeiit bore N. K. by \', , at .S'l.i I'^ by -S. '1 S. .At 1 1 p. M. the jilanking in the dick c;ibins began giving way in 
 a cross sea. carpenter securing them. June 27 — The after part of the starboanl paddle-box carrie.l away .At daylight saw the high 
 land to the N. of Nimtka Sound. luiie 2.S — Rniining along the laud. .At daylight saw Scot's Island on the starboard how. June 29-- 
 I'inding that we had not eno-.igh fuel to carry us to .Millbank fort, stopped the steam aiul made sail to the to])sail ;iiiil urshipped five 
 ]>a<ldle-blades on each side to avoid holdin.g so much water, afterwards shijijieil the pad. lie blades, made st'..ini. and eutererl llillbank 
 .Sound, anchoriiiLi at 1 1 in 10 fathoms. June ,v> — .At 4. after taking on a siippl\ of won.l. weighed and ra.i :.p the Sound, anchored al 
 6:30 opposite Millbank fort, salliteil the fort with seven guns, whidi were retnrueil, .\rrivcd at I-'ort Simpson, being davs going 
 up. owing to freijueiit stojis for wood. July 14 — .Arrived at Tnngase ai, I fov-iid there the Russian h'ur t'omp.any's brig i /litst'l'oft." 
 
 When the /Inr.rr made her first e.\ciirsioii trip from X'aticotiver slie carried among other pas.sengers 
 tlie pioneer. H^:. .Samuel Parker, who in his reminiscences states tliat tlie ]>arty aboard tlie steamer indnlged 
 in " a train of perspective rellections upon the probalile chan.i;es that would t;ike place in these remote regions 
 in a very few years." 
 
 The //fdrrr's crew on leaving \';inciniver was as follows : I) Home, ■omiiuinder : C. Dodd, first mate ; A. 
 I, attie, second mate ; 1'. Arthur. T. Donald, engineers; William I,acke>-, boatswain: II. T. Harrett. carpenter ; 
 William Unrns, cook ; William Wilso'i, William I'hillips, t5eorgc (lordon, George Holland, James Dick, James 
 Mcliityte. seamen ; John Mcl,e;in, Kanpihar McDonald, and >wo Kanakas, stokers; Mttrdock Mcl.eod, Lonis 
 'rademier, Tyneas Tozier, A. .Martell. Joseph Marlelle, Joseph Michael, Ilngh Conniek, and six Kanakas and 
 Indians, v. oodctttters. .She went into service wilhimt delay, rtinning np and down the coast, in and ont of 
 every bay, river and inlet between I'ltget Soniid and .■\la:,ka, collecting furs and carrying goods for the 
 company's posts. At this time nearly all of the far Northwest was under lea.se to liie Hudson's Hay Coinpiiiiy from 
 Russia, and every year the /hairr went up to Alaska with a cargo of produce, goods, etc., viitli which to pay the 
 rent. She occasionally towed a Russian vessel on these tri|)s, the pay for which was duly credited on her account. 
 For many years after her arrival on the .Sound, she made freiinent voyages to the American side of the line, and 
 on one of these, in 1S51, in comm..nd of Captain Steward, the sleamer was seized for an alleged infraction of 
 the laws aiid sent to Olympia. While lying there Steward put the man in charge ashore, and steamed awav 
 for the Hritish side. Captain Sabiston, the veteran Hrilish Columbia pilot, was mate on the vessel at the time. 
 Xothing further was done about the matter, and amicable relations between the Company and the I'nited States 
 evidently suffered but a slight shock; for in her logbook under date of N'ovember J'>, iSsfi, appears the following 
 note : " Mr. Lewis the mate, left the vessel per order of I'reinicr Douglas to go on lioard the I'liiled Stales .S. S. 
 .U(is.\<ic/i/i.<i//s to pilot her up to Sangster's Island. ' 
 
 In iSfio the /tatirr was extensively overhauled and fitted with staleroDins, and ran between \'ictoria and 
 New Wesliiiinsler. .A few ye;irs kiler she passed into the hands of the Imperi.il Hydiogr.iplieis, nnd rchartcr finin 
 
^rm' 
 
 18 
 
 Lewis fj DryJvns Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 : I ■ 1- 
 
 the Hudson's Bay Company. They kept her hivy for several years, surveying the waters of the Northwest. 
 When the ves.sel returned to the Hudson's Bay Compa: y in October, 1.S70, at the expiration of the lease, .she 
 was hauled out and thoroughly repaired. On e.xaniining the hull, a ten-pound piece of rock was found imbedded 
 in one of her timbers, a lelic wliich she had carried away after coming in contact with Race Rocks. She was 
 regarded as an ancient craft even in tho.se days, r.iul as far back as July y, 18(17, the Colonist of V'ictoria has an 
 item reading as follows: " The old Hudson's Bay steamer /itairr, first in the Pacific Ocean, has been lately on 
 Laing's ways, and examination shows that her timbers are as sound as they were the day she was launched. The 
 Ihaver ivill receive her boilers and resume her surveying duties on the Northwest coast. She is thirty-two 
 
 years old, and will outlast most of the steamers 
 now afloat." In 1874 .she was refitted and made 
 her first trip as a towboat August 8th, and on 
 the thirty-first she was sold by the Hudson's 
 Bay Company to Stafford, Saunders, Martin, 
 Rudlin, Coltman and Williams. Captain Rudlin, 
 one of the owners, ran her for the new company, 
 and she got along very well, considering her age, 
 even with larger vessels. In 1877 Capt. J. D. 
 Warren took command, and, after receiving 
 needed repairs, she started on her trial trip Octo- 
 ber 26th. In 1880 the steamer caught fire and 
 her upper works were considerably damaged. She 
 continue<l jobbing around until 188;,, when slie 
 struck a rock at the entrance to Burrard's Inlet 
 Narrows and sank. She was rai.sed and started 
 out in good order by the British Columbia 
 Towing and Transportation Company. The 
 Beairr .served as a towboat until 1888, when 
 she was once more licensed to carry passengers 
 and began running between logging camps on 
 Burrard's Inlet, continuing in the business until the fatal trip in July, 1888, when she went on the rocks near the 
 entrance to Vancouver harbor. Among the captains who succeeded Home, who was drowned February 12, 1858, 
 were Dodd, Brotchie, Scarborough, Sangster, Rudlin, Swanson, Lewis, .Sinclair, Pender, McNeil, Mitchell, 
 Cornwall, Brown, Marchant and others. Sabiston, Pamphlet, and other well-known British Columbia mariners, 
 have served on her as mate and pilot. 
 
 The .steamer //ifrtzr/' was built in Blackwall, county of Middle.sex, May 7, 1835, by the ship-building firm 
 of Green, Wagram iS: Green, her representative owner being William Armit, .secretary of the Hud.son's Bay 
 Company. Her length was ior.4 feet, beam 20 feet, depth 11 feet, and tonnage loy.iz. The engines and 
 boilers were built by Bolton iS: Watt. 
 
 •-^Tr ^^^^*^aK- 
 
 »i:jf» 
 
 Stramkk "Hkavhh" 
 Kroui last pliutograph tr>keu before her wreck 
 
 
 '*^ 
 
( IIAl'IliR II. 
 
 irrard's Inlet 
 d aiiH started 
 sli Columbia 
 ipany. The 
 1888, when 
 ■y passengers 
 ng camps on 
 ocks near the 
 ary I2, 1858, 
 Mitchell, 
 bia mariners, 
 
 building firm 
 udson's Bay 
 engines and 
 
 BuiLiJiNc; 01* THE "Star ok Okkcon"— Loss oi- thk Bkh; " Pk.vcock " — Akrivai, ok thk Barks 
 "Marvi.ani)" and "Chknamus" — The Schooners " Cai.ai'ooia" and "Wave," Biii.t on the 
 Coi.UMiiiA— Wreck oi- the "Shark "—Growth or the Coastinc; Bi'siness— First Mail 
 Received at Portland— The "Sylvia de Grasse " and Other Noted Wrecks— Flathoat 
 Navigation oe the Willajiktte — Th'. First River Steamboat— Arrival oe the Pioneer 
 Steamships " Carol. ne" and " Govdhi-ntek " — The Steamer " Lot Whitcomh " Lainched— 
 The Collmhia Rp. er's First Pilot Schooner — The Umpol-a River Receives a Visit erom 
 
 OCEAN-OOING \ESSELS — BRANCH IjCENSES ISSUED Coi.UMHIA Rl\ER PILOTS. 
 
 N IMPORTANT arrival in 1840 was the bark /.uiisunin\ which came from New York in 
 the interest of the mi-ssionaries, stopped at Honolulu on the way, and arrived at Astoria 
 in May, among her passengers being the Rev. Gustavus Hinc and family, Rev. Ja.son I,ee 
 and wife, and a number of other preachers and teachers. The iud.son's Hay bark Columbia 
 was in the river at the time, and her captain, Humphries, piloted the l.aiisainic ov.;r the bar. 
 The same year Captain Couch,' one of Portland's pioneers, arrived on the brig Mary/and, 
 which had been .sent out from Boston by Capt. John Cushing on an experimental trip. Her 
 officers, Couch and his mates Green B. Johnson and William F. Bartlelt, shipped "on a 
 lay." Among other products of the west taken 
 
 back by the .Ifnry/and were some of the first Columl)ia River salmon 
 
 shipped lo the liast. 
 
 In 'S41 the Hudson's Bay Compan> s bark Cowlit: arrived at 
 
 Vani • iver .i Ming in October for San F'ranci.sco Bay. In the fall the 
 
 Gn. • • I .ioop-of-war Peacock (one of the crew aboard of which was 
 
 T! ', :v .»■ mil lin-) was wrecked at the mouth of the Columbia, 
 
 bestow ;n;- ii ),ame on the long spit which lies at its northern 
 
 entrance. .'in. A.merican .schooner Tlios. II. I'crkhn was lying in 
 
 ' Capt. John II. Couch was horn at Xt'whuryiiorL Mass., I'el)ruarv 21, iSii. 
 His first marine venture was a trip to tlie Kasl hnlies on tlie \m^ Mais, owned 
 hy an uncle of J. C. I'hinders. The captain rose rapitlly from tl;j ranks, and in 
 1840 was given command of the hrig A/it r y/ii tt (/ a\ui sailed tor vhe Colunihia River. 
 The Hudson's Bay Ci.iiipany at this time maintained ahnost alisohUe control of 
 the territory trihutary to the Columhia, ami the trip was not altog'-ther a success. 
 The !>rijr was sent to the .Sandwich Islands and sold. Captain Coiu-h goin^ home 
 on anotlier vesseL t)n arrival his employers gave liini con- nand of the lirig 
 Cheiiainiis, and he again started for the Columliia, reaching Clackamas Rapids, 
 helow Oregon City, in June, 1S42. He remained here until 1.S47, returning then 
 to Newhuryport hy way of China. In the fall of 1S4S he was placed in charge ol 
 '' 'lark Madonna, and, with Capt. J. C. I'landers as chief mate, sailed from New 
 > \,i . January 12, 1S49, arriving in Portland the following .-Xugust, where he 
 ' .lal'li=i'ed a store, turning the captaincy of the vessel over lo I'landers, who 
 ;'i ■'* ^ 'ievera! rucc^ssful coasting trips !)et\veen I'orthunl ami .San h'rancisco. 
 }l'; V .■ Up .'St appointee nn<ler the Act of Congress to the office of Inspector of 
 Hui'i, ar.ii, irrespective of the changes of administrali.>iL retained the positicm 
 until liia viealh. He held several other political ofiices, none of which he sought. 
 His name lias heen perpetuated in the city of I'ortlamI hy Couch's A<ldition, 
 Couch Street, etc. 
 
 'Capt. Thomas Mountain of Portland, who is prohahiy hy several years the oldest marine man in the Northwest, wits one of 
 the crew of the Peacock at the time of the wreck. Captain Mountain was horn in Salem, .Mass., in 1S22, and joined the Peacock as 
 an apprentice in iS,36, remaining with her until she wa.s lost. He returneil to New York on the f'/vx'ii/;, arriving there in 1S42, 
 
 at 
 
 Cai't. Iuhn II. Coceii 
 
 and reniainec' 
 
 e in |S,36, remaining with her until she wa.s lost. He returneil to New York on the Onxon, arriving there in 1S4 
 1 in the Brooklyn Navy Yard three years. He was in the n- vy during the Mexican War, on tlie hrig Saiiifison, and 1 
 
^ 
 
 20 
 
 Lewis c? Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 W 
 
 the river at the time, and Lieutenant Wilkes of the Peacock' ■' chartered her to take the place of the lost brig. 
 She was renamed the Oregon. The sloop-of-war I'liiceiines, Capt. Charles Wilkes, arrived in Seattle harbor in 
 1S41, Elliott Bay then receiving its name in honor of one of Wilkes' lieutenants. By far the most important 
 event of the year was the launching of the first ves.sel built in the Willamette Valley, the Sta>of Oregon, a .suiall 
 fore and aft schooner. The following interesting account of the undertaking is from the Portland Oregoiiiaii of 
 December 13, 1891, commenting on a letter written many years ago to Hon. J. W. Nesmith by Joseph Gale, 
 commander of the schooner : 
 
 "The letter details in full the reasons for nnilirtakin); such a dilTicuU enterprise and the incidents connected with it. The 
 
 settlers wanted cattle, anil as all the cattle in the valley were owned liy the Hudson's Hay Company, the Methodist missionaries or 
 
 Kwing Young, who had driven a hand from California in 1S37, ihey determined to huild this vessel, sail her to California and 
 
 exchange her for slock. Joseph tlale was an old mountaineer of the class to whicli 
 Meek, Newell an<l Hhhetts belonged, hut lie was also a seaman and possessed 
 knowledge of ship-building anil navigation and was given charge of the enterprise. 
 A site on Swan Island was selected and work begun in the fall of 1840, and May 19, 
 1.S41, the Slitr of Oregon was launched. This was before a single tree had been cut 
 to clear the site of the present city of I'oitland. Through the influence of Capt. 
 ^^^^^^^^ Ceorge Wilkes, then in the Colunihia on his exploring voyage round the world, 
 
 •^f ' l^^tj^^T^'^^C' 1 absolutely necessary things, which the Hudson's Hay Company hail refused to let 
 
 mji/KM l^' S*"' I ,1 them have, were secured from that company. Captain Wilkes also gave Gale papers 
 
 JB^y^^M \ N. JL * ^ necessary for the commander of a vessel to have. 
 
 ^^ .z*^ ft V t^^ . ,bJ "After launchii.g, the Slur was worked up to the Willamette I'alls, where 
 
 the work of fitting her for sea was completed. August 27th she started down the 
 ri\ I o. her voyage, and two days later cast anchonn front of Kort Vancouver and 
 flu .1 ; ';• cze for the first time the .American flag Captain Wilkes had presented 
 her. '' done in a spirit of hravado, to show that Uncle Sam had a vessel and 
 
 a Rag ■ waters and that the settlers were ahle to take care of themselves. 
 
 A few It.'. .r the same courtesy was extended to I'ort George f Astoria) at the 
 
 month of 1 Columbia. There Gale remained about two weeks, giving his green 
 crew a chance to learn seamanship, and, while doing so, entertained Capt. John H. 
 Couch, who had entered the river in the brig Chcnamiis. 
 
 "The final start was made .September 1 2th. This was a formidable undertaking, 
 an ocean voyage of nearly i.oix) miles, along a rocky coast, without a chart, in a little 
 vessel only fifty-three feet long, and with a crew of four men and a boy, not one of 
 whom was a .seaman ; yet Gale holdly sailed out upon the Pacific, trusting to his own 
 long exjierience on the ocean to carry them through. The weather was stormy and 
 the crew were seasick, and for thirty six hours Gale stood at the helm without relief 
 In the morning of .Scptemher 17th the Star dashed through the Golden Gate and 
 dropped anchor before the little town of Verba Ruenn (San rraiu-iscot, its owners 
 having iierformed a feat such as .-Vniericaii pioneers only have shown the courage 
 and resourcefulness to accomplish The history of the Anglo-.Saxon in .'\nierica 
 is replc..? with such exhibitions of .ielf- reliance and courageous enterprise. The 
 vessel was sold, and in the spring, Mr. ("lale having preached the gospel of Oregon 
 
 iiicessaii.'y through the winter, a company of J2 men started north hy land, driving with them 1,250 head of cattle, 6o<t horses and 
 
 mules and nearly 3,000 sheep, arriving in 7,5 di ys with but little loss. .S'.ock monopoly in Oregon was at all end. 
 "Joseph Gale was, as is here .seen, one oi" the leading spirits in the early and 
 
 trving days of^ Oregon. In 1S43, he, with .Malison lieers and David Mill, conslituteil --rr- -• 
 
 ilie executive comuiiltee of the first provisional government, pcifoiming jointly 
 
 the functions of a governor. He settled in Washington County, beyond I'orest 
 
 Gro'e, anil his name is perpetuated in that section liy the well-known landmark, 
 
 ("ralv's Peak, and the stream. Gale's Creek. He died i" Wallowa County a few 
 
 yeais ago. Felix Hathaway, the master mechanic of the vessel, was a gunsmith. 
 
 He vas not an owner nor one of the crew. He also was prominent in the early 
 
 gover: mental afTairs of Oregon. The movers in this enterprise were Ralph I. 
 
 Kilboni'i, Pleasant .-\rnistri)ng. Jacob Green, John Canaii, Henry Woods and Chiirley 
 
 Matts, ' .le last two abandoning the eiuerprise before it was conijiU-ted. 'the others, 
 
 with an Indian boy, were the crew." 
 
 SCHOONKK "S'lAR IM OKKHIN 
 
 I'hotograplieii from a Moilel 
 
 the close of the war came out to California as boatswain on the clipper ship Sea 
 Serpent, leaving her in San l-'rancisco. There he worked ashore for a little while, 
 ami then came to Portland I)efi)re the mast on the brig Tonqtdu. .Xfier remaining 
 here a short lime he returned to .San l*rancisco and went to the mines, but soon 
 returned to the city and shipped on the clipper Flvint; (.'Itntil, going to China 
 and thence to New Vork. The Clomi at that time v\as in the height of her glory. 
 having just made a record of c'iglit>'-nine days six hour:i from New \'ork t:j San 
 I'raiicisco. On the next voyage the Ctoiid made the round trip to San I'rancisco 
 in eleven months. Mountain left her and came up to Portland, rnnning as deck- 
 hand on the Mii/tnoinah and /Cxf<ress, fnun Ibis einplovment going back ti> the 
 steamship fiV//;///'/i?. in which he h.-ul come out as ..econil mate in 1850, and leaving 
 her to join the steamship ,\'i'rttierner. In iS^y he went to the .Sound on the 
 steamer Jiilhi, reinainiug with her for about eighteen months, running between 
 Steilacoom, .Seattle and other Sound ports. In 1S61 he brought her bark from 
 the Sound, and took command of the Co-,elitz, He was next on the Wilson (,'. 
 Hunt, and from there went as mate on the Julia, with Cajit. James Strang. Tlien 
 he was mate on the AVri' World until he left to superintend nuinnting the caiiuon 
 al I'ort .Stevens. In I.S67 he took the Seie World around to the .Sound, and on 
 the trip received a serious injury to his leg, which laid him up for four years. He 
 then retired from the water and took charge itf ben Htdladay's wharf property, 
 al"terward going to the Oregon Steam Navigjition Comiiany, the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company and its successors, 
 remaining continuously in their service up lo the jiresent time. 
 
 'The Peaeoek was one of a squadron whirh had been se.it around the world on an exploring tour bv the I'nited States 
 Ciovernment, the principal object being the examination of the harbors and co.ast lines of the Pacific. Beside the Peaeoek the 
 sipiadron included the sloopof-war I'inecnne^. the brig /'orpoise, the ship A'elie/', and the tenders .S'lii Gull and /■'lyini; /•'isli. The 
 .Sea dull was lost off Cape Horn, and the A'»/;V/ returned lo the .Atlantic after re.iching Callao. The I'ineennes and the J'orpoi.ie, 
 which were expected to visit the Columbia, after stopping a' the .Sandwich Islands, went on to Puget Sound, arriving in May, and 
 made some extensive surveys in various parts of this important region. .After the wreck of the IVaeoek the i'ineennes and /*orpoise 
 s'larted south, the latter vessel entering the Columbia, where she found the /■lyini,' /■'/«/;. Lieutenant Wilkes then made a survey of 
 the Colniiibia as far up as Vancouver, at the conclusion of which he sailed southward, thence returning to the Ivist, where he made 
 the first official report on the importance of the rivers and harbors of the Pacific Northwest. 
 
 CAI'T. TnoMAK MOI'NT.MN 
 
Developmvnt of Local Marinv Traffic, Building of Steam and Sailing Vcssrls 
 
 21 
 
 the lost brig, 
 ttle harbor in 
 ost important 
 rigoii, a Kii;all 
 Oyegoniau of 
 Joseph Gale, 
 
 eci with it. The 
 
 tiiissionaries or 
 
 California and 
 
 ; cla.ss to wliich 
 
 and pos.se.ssed 
 
 f the enterprise. 
 
 40. and May 19, 
 
 ?e had I)een cnt 
 
 lliience of Cant. 
 
 und the world, 
 
 d refiLsed to let 
 
 ;ave Gale papers 
 
 ite I'alls, where 
 tartcd down the 
 
 Vancouver and 
 s had presented 
 lad a vessel and 
 ! of themselves, 
 f Astoria) at the 
 ivin^ his green 
 
 Capt. Jolin H. 
 
 )le undertaking, 
 chart, in a little 
 boy, not one of 
 stiufj to his own 
 was stormy and 
 11 without relief 
 olden (late and 
 .SCO), its owners 
 iwn the conrajje 
 on in -America 
 nlerprise. The 
 ospel of Oregon 
 600 horses and 
 
 Its successors, 
 
 I'nited Stales 
 c I'litroik the 
 iig /•'isli. The 
 I the /'orfioise, 
 ig in May, and 
 ind I'lO/toisc 
 ule a survey of 
 vlierc he made 
 
 
 Cai't. II. r.Roi'Nns 
 
 In i,S42 Captain Conch, who had been here the year before in the Maryland, reached Clackamas Rapids 
 in June in the l)rig Clieiiamiis with a cargo from Newburyport, and sailed ajjain September ist. This year a 
 regular transponatioii line was established on the lower Columbia between Astoria and Cathlamet, by Saul, the 
 negro cook, who had deserted from the Peacock when she was wrecked. His packet was a small fore and 
 aft .schooner in which he carried quite a number of pa.ssengers, live-.stock and ini.scellaneous freight. He 
 continued in this trade for a considerable length of time and made money. In addition to the regular Hud.son's 
 Bay vessels, the British .ship X'alhyficld, Captain Houlton, arrived from England. Among the important arrivals 
 in 184,^ was the bark Fania, which came from the Sandwich Islands, bringing among other pa.ssengers 
 Francis VV^ Pettigrove, who had the honor of naming the future metropolis of the Northwest, Portland. The 
 bark Columbia, Captain Humphries, also visited the Columbia River, sailing in the fall for the Sandwich 
 Islands; and the bark /hamoiri. Captain Fowler, of vScarborough, England, arrived and departed after a brief 
 stay. The Hudson's Bay Company this year started a post at Camosin, or, as it is now called, V'ictoria, Vancouver 
 Island, thereby increasing the business of their local as well as their foreign fleet. 
 
 The only American vessel bringing a cargo to the Columbia the following summer . '■'^•;— '-^; •. v"- ^ 
 
 was the brig Cliciiamiis, Captain Conch. Her cargo was unloaded at the mouth of 
 the Willamette and thence boated to Oregon City. The bark Coli:mbia entered 
 again for the Fur Company, and the bark Riolliers, Captain Flere, from England, 
 reached Vancouver in May, carrying among other passengers Mr. Roberts of 
 Cathlamet, who had returned to England after his first trip out in the Ganymede. 
 In 1844 the French ship Lc /iide/allgable arrived from F'rance, bringing the 
 celebrated missionary. Brother Accolti. The British sloop-ofwar Modeste also 
 paid a visit to the Columbia to look after Great Bri^nin's interests at Vancouver, 
 remaining until the treaty was signed. River na* ■ -.tion on the Columbia 
 was increased by the completion of the little scow .schooi .'r Calapooia, which was 
 built during the year by Mr. Cook and others, and .sailed by Capt. B. Grounds.' 
 Her initial work was in transporting a cargo of cattle (the first ever landed 
 on the north side of the river) for John Hobson, who is still living at Astoria. 
 The year i,S45 was a notable one for British Columbia, as the bark \'ancoiiici\ 
 the first vessel entering \'ictoria harbor direct from England, arrived for the Hudson's Bay Company. This 
 company also had an extra vessel this year. In addition to their regular liners, the Columbia and Cowlitz, the 
 Mary Pare' arrived from London, Captain Monatt, who afterward played an important part in Xorthwestern 
 marine matters, coming out on her as second mate. In the fall four whalers entered F'squimalt harbor and 
 
 wintered there. During the .season the Xorth Pacific Ocean was visited at 
 different times by quite a fleet of war vessels ; among them were the following: 
 British ship America, fifty guns, Capt. John Gordon ; line ship Colli nirswood. 
 eighty guns, Sir G. V. Seymore. commander; frigates Grampus, fifty guns, C. B. 
 Martin; Fisguard, forty-two guns, J. A. Dut;tz ; Juuo. twenty-.six guns, P.J. 
 Blake; '/Ij/^o/, twenty-six guns. Sir T. Thompson ; ('(Nr.s/o^-/, twenty-six guns, 
 Seymore; Herald, nventy-six guns, Henry Kellet ; sloops Modeste. eighteen 
 guns, Thomas Bailey ; llaphiH , eighteen guns, On.slow ; steamers Sampson, six 
 guns, Henderson ; Cormorant, six guns, George T. Gordon ; Salamander, six 
 guns, A. S. Hammond ; brigs Frolic, six guns, C. B. Hamilton ; Pandora, six 
 guns, .S. Wood; brigantine .Spy. three guns, O. Woodbridgc. Total, 355 guns. 
 The I'nited States was represented by the line ship Columbus, eighty-six guns, 
 Riddle ; frigates Congress, sixty guns, Stockton : Savannah, sixty guns, J. D. 
 ' Sloat ; sloops Portsmoulli. twenty-four guns. Montgomery ; I.eranl twenty-four 
 
 Caitain Miji ATT guiis, Page; Warren, twenty-four guns. Hall; Cyane. twenty-four guns, 
 
 'Capt. Brazil Grounds, who coinmi'.iided the Calaf)Ooia and li'itre. is one of tile oldest living mariners in the Pacific 
 Ni)rlliwesl. He is a native of North Caroiina, and hegaii his marine career an even half century ago on the Ciilnfiooiti. He next 
 ran tlie ll'a.e for Kelchum, taking her to ,San I'rancisio in 1H4S. He remained there niilil iSJ;. when he Ciiiue hack to Oregon 
 anil farmed lor four years, occasionally pursuing his old vocation. In iS5y he went to Walla Walla, remaining until i>S65, when 
 lie relurncil to Portland and operated the first steam dredge. The following year lie liuilt the scow steamer /l/iiei- l\'efi;ihi'iean. 
 Since then he has been almost cotuimiously engaged in ruuuiug steam schooners tin tlic CoUimliiii River and I'uget Sound. In 
 1.S87 he was uuforluuale enough to lose a inoneyniaking craft, the steam sc)Moner Queen of the Hay, which iv.is wrecked olf the 
 Nclialem River in September of thai year. At the present time he is opt 1 iliug the steam schooner flfaid of Oregon on I'uget 
 Sound and Hritisli C(tlniiibia waters. 
 
 'Captain Monatt. who came out on the .Mmy Pare, was born in I.oiiilon in 1S21, and after his arrival here continued 
 in the service of the Hudson's May Company, trailing on the west coast and to the islands. In iS.iS he was piloting the company's 
 vessels on the Columbia bar, au<l in 185^^ w-ent back lo I-^iiglaud in coinmaud of the Afaiy iJtiie. returning again in 1H55, when'he 
 became captain of tile Oiler, occupying this position until he took coinuiand (^f ilie I.ahouchere a short time before she was 
 wreckefl. In fact she was lost on his second trin in charge. He was subsecjueutly captain of the steamer .Mat tin t)ii Kamloops Lake, 
 and after remaining there a year was placed 111 charge of the company's trading post at I'ort Rupert. He died .April 12, 1.S71, 
 while eii route from Knight's Inlet lo I'"(/rt Rupert. 
 
 Thomas J. Gritlin, who came out as an apprentice on the Mary Pare in 1S45, is still living at Coupeville, Wash. He was hut 
 seventeen years old at the time of his arrival, ami remained in the service of the Iludsou's Hay Coinp.'iny until 1S52. 
 
mn^ 
 
 ~ 
 
 1 
 
 22 
 
 Lewis cj Dryden's M?rinf History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 I J 
 
 Mervin ; schooner S/iari;'' twelve k""^' Howison ; store-ship /;w, eight guns, Turner. Total, 322 guns. 
 The old bark Touhm. in command of Capt. Nathaniel Cni.liy, came in 1845, Hon. Benjamin Stark, a 
 pioneer resident of Portland, being supercargo aboard. The Toulon returned again in 1S46, and the brig /fciiry. 
 Captain Kilbourn. arrived the .same year from Newlntryport, and was operated as a coaster for several years 
 following. In the latter part of the forties she was bought by the Hon. Francis A. Chenowith, first Speaker 
 of the Washington Legislature. He afterward ran her for a long time lietween Portland and the Cascades, 
 and she transported all the material for the first tramway at the latter point. 
 
 Some idea of the kind of business that coasters found in those days can be gleaned from the following item, 
 taken from the Cith'/oniioii of November 17, 1.S47 : "The brig lliiny. Captain Kilbourn, arrived yesterday from 
 
 the Columbia River with a 
 salmon, beef, potatoes, butter, 
 cabbage and onions, al.so a 
 adapted to the meridian of 
 nine passengers, while the 
 time, brought four cabin and 
 Great Britain was 
 the Norllnvest during 1846, 
 was stationed at \'ancouvcr 
 Columbia nearly all the year, 
 Thomas Baillie, captain ; T. 
 T. P. Coode, lieutenants ; 
 Gib.son, surgeon; J. M. Hobbs, 
 
 .Astoria's Tihst CfSxti.M Hocsk 
 
 cargo of lumber, flour, 
 cheese, cranberries, turnips, 
 small invoice of almanacs 
 Mon terey . She brought 
 W'hiloii, arriving at the same 
 ten steerage." 
 
 watchful of her interests in 
 and her sloop-of-war Modeste 
 and other points in the 
 with the following crew : 
 M. Rodney, T. G. Drake, 
 C. J. Gibbon, master ; John 
 purser ; A. A. D. Dundas, 
 surgeon ; A. T. DeHorsey, 
 gunner ; J. Stevens, boatswain ; 
 
 mate ; A. Gordon, assistant 
 
 J. Montgomery, Charles Grant and R. T. Legge, niidshipn en ; J. Hickman, 
 William Kllicott, carpenter. At the same time H. M. frigate Fisguard, forty-two guns and 3,so men, was sent to 
 Nisqually : J. A. Duntz, captain ; John Rodd, Charles Dyke, George V. Patter.son, IJdward W. Lang, Edward D. 
 Ashe, lieutenants ; H. U. McCarty and Fleetwood J. Richard, marine lieutenants ; Kdvvin P. Cole, master ; Robert 
 Thompson, chaplain ; Thomas R. Burn, surgeon ; Thomas Rowe, purser ; James Crosby, second master ; Robert 
 M. Joship, instructor, and fourteen midshipmen. H. M. S. Coniionuit was al.so stationed in the vicinity of 
 Vancouver I.sland, her commander, Benjamin Topp, dying at Victoria, October 22d, aged 40 years. He was 
 succeeded in command by Captain Gordon. Afterward this fleet was reinforced by the frigate Coiislancr, Captain 
 Courtney, and the /iKoiislaul, Captain Shepherd. Two B.-itish surveying vessels, the Herald, Captain Killett, 
 
 and ,h° Pandora. Captain Wood, were working in the vicinity of Puget Sound 
 ' and Vancouver Island. The presence of so large a naval force, as that which had 
 
 been gathering durii.g the year, was occa.sioned by the imminent boundary-line 
 question, which even then had become so exciting, that murmurs of "fifty-four, 
 forty, or fight " were frecpiently heard on the American side of the line. 
 
 In 184'') the Legislature of Oregon pa,ssed the first pilotage law, authorizing 
 the Governor to ajjpoint commissioners to examine and licen.se pilots for the bar 
 and river. In April, 1847, under this act, S. C. Reeves was the first pilot appointed 
 for the Columbia River bar. Reeves had the reputation in those days of being a 
 good pilot, and during his short career made .several trips to San Francisco to 
 meet vessels desiring to come to the Columbia, two of which were made in 
 a ship's long-boat. He went to California at the time of the gold excitement, 
 and sailed a small sloop called the Flora on the bay, finally losing his life by the 
 capsizing of his vessel during a sciuall in May, 1849. 
 
 In 1847 Capt. FVed Ketchum built the schooner Wave at We.stport. She 
 
 was constructed to carry lumber to up-river points, but was sent to California in 
 
 miners. Ketchiini was assisted in this venture l)y Capt. Brazil Grounds, who ran the 
 
 Cook in 1S4S. During the vear the bark Morninu; Slar, Captain Menes, arrived, five 
 
 apo 
 
 apta 
 
 ' III AiiKii.sl, 1S.16, tile .\iiicric!iii .sloop-of-war .S'//rt(X' eiilereil llie Coluiiiliia. twenty-five days from Hoiioluhi, and was obliged to 
 wait (intsiik- nntil I.iciilenant Howi.siiii and Captain Si'licm-k entereil in a small boat anil sounded. After cro.ssinj; the liar, Saul, the 
 iiu>;ro cook from tlie /'fciiViJt, atleiiipled to pilot the vessel to Astoria, lint ran her a).;ronnil before lie had been aboaril twenty 
 minutes. They tlieii sent to .•\storia anil seciireil the services of I.attie, one of the Unilson's Hay pilots, who took them through safely. 
 l''rom there they went to Vancouver. In aililition to the ofTicers nanieil, the S/iiirl: hail on boaril the followiii); : James I). Hnllock, 
 lieiilentant ; William S. llollis, purser; Ivlwaril Ilnil.som, sur^eou ; T. McLanahan, T. J. Simes and II. Davidson, midshipmen. 
 Owing to frei|uent desertions from the crew, the Sliurk made a brief stay in the river and on the loth of September started seaward, 
 piling; up on the south spit and becomiii),' a total wreck. Inasmuch as the ollicers of the vessel had spent the whole of the day 
 jirevious recollnoilerin^;. it looks as tliouKh there iiiiKht have been a decree o,'' carelessnes.s attached to the unfortunate occurrence ; 
 but, if there was, no one was ever censured, and the old Sliaik drifted out to sea, the wreck coming ashore down near 
 Tillamook Head, where it was torn apart by John Hobson (still living at A.storial and a few others in that neighborhood. One of 
 the guns from this early terror of the seas is still lying at Astoria, having been brought there from the beach where the hull 
 stranded. The entire crew escaped in boats and were given supplies by S. II. Smith, and in 1S47 were taken to San Francisco 
 on the old Cadboro, which was chartered from the Hudson's Hay Conipaiiy for the trip. '1 hey went aboard in November, i,S46, but 
 did not cross out of the Columbia until January iS, 1847. 
 
 .:M 
 
 m 
 
Develnpmi'iit of Local Mnrinc Traffic, Buikliny cT Steam and Sailing Vi- 
 
 n 
 
 ital, 322 guns, 
 iniin Stark, a 
 le brig llcniy. 
 ■ several years 
 , first Speaker 
 the Cascades, 
 
 following item, 
 yesterday from 
 umber, flour, 
 rries, turnips, 
 of almanacs 
 lie brought 
 iig at the same 
 
 ;r interests in 
 of-war Modeste 
 tints in the 
 lowing crew : 
 r. G. Drake, 
 master ; John 
 . D. Dundas, 
 T. DeHorsey, 
 IS, boatswain ; 
 :n, was sent to 
 g, Edward D. 
 laster ; Robert 
 laster ; Robett 
 he vicinity of 
 ars. He was 
 tancr. Captain 
 iptain Killett, 
 
 Puget Sound 
 lat which had 
 boundary-line 
 )f ' ' fifty-four, 
 e. 
 
 •i, authorizing 
 ts for the bar 
 
 lot appointed 
 s of being a 
 
 Francisco to 
 
 ere made in 
 excitement, 
 
 s life by the 
 
 stport. She 
 California in 
 
 who ran the 
 arrived, five 
 
 wa.s oblijjed to 
 li.ir, Saul, tlie 
 iljoard Iweiity 
 hroiigh safelv. 
 es I). liiillocic, 
 iiiidshipiiieii. 
 arted seaward, 
 ole of the day 
 e occurrence ; 
 ire down near 
 hood. One of 
 here the hull 
 San KrancLsco 
 iber, i,S46, Init 
 
 and one-half months from Bre.st, bringing several priests, deacons and nnns, whose services were thought to be 
 much needed in this country in tho.se days. The bark Wliitoii arrived in the Wilhimelte from New York, in 
 command of Captain Prince, with Kicliard Hoyt,' mate, sailing again in October for San I'rancisco and Panama. 
 Hoyt went with her, but returned a few years later and made- a lasting name for himself in marine history. 
 The brigs llniry and /<'/.■/•/, the latter an Ivnglish vessel, were in the coasting trade, and the ship /I//. \'tnioii. 
 
 Captain Gibbons, was among the new comers. The Hudson's Bay 
 bark ( oliimbia also reached \'ictoria on her annual voyage from 
 I'jigland. On the Columbia. H. C. Kindred, who is still living at Fort 
 Stevens, was running a boat from Astoria to up-river points. The 
 fare was S20 to Oregon City, and the passenger " found " himself and 
 also helped pull the boat. In i,S49 Kindred began to make tegular 
 landings at Portland, continuing in this trade until iS.sd, when the 
 steamers drove him off. 
 
 In i.s.)S the brig Sctjiihi was among the additions to the 
 coasting fleet. The difliculties of river navigation in those days can 
 be comprehended when it is stated that she was fifty-four days from 
 Astoria to Portland. The Sii/iiiii the same year made a trip from San 
 I'rancisco to Puget Sound, and the following season perpetuated 
 her name by delivering at Portland the first mail that arrived in 
 United Slates postal sacks. Captain Norton," her energetic owner, 
 made a financial success with the Sei/ii/'// in the coasting trade, one 
 round trip alone between San I'rancisco and Portland clearing him 
 over $i.S,oo(). The same year the brig Forrest was bought by Joseph 
 Kellogg," I<ot Whitcomb and William Torrence, to run between 
 Milwaukie and San l''rancisco. The brig //iinv, mentioned in i,S46, 
 was making regular trips between San b'ranci.sco, Honolulu and the 
 Columbia River. 
 
 C.M'T. Richard Hovt, Sk. 
 
 ■ Capt. Richard Hoyt, Sr., who came out as male on Ihc ll'hiloit, and in .'iftcr ye.'U's became one of the pioneers of steam 
 navigation on the Columbia and Willjiuielte rivers, w.'is born at I,ake (".eorgc New lijinipsliire, in 1S14. His marine career began 
 on the Atlantic, where he worked nji to the position of master while yi-t a young man. liefore coming lo the I'licilic Coa.st he 
 ct>mmande<l a brig called the Tii.ua/n\ having with him ;is male eapl. \Villiani I'-ving, another m.-in who was ilestined to be a pioneer 
 in Northwesiern waters. He returneti to New York with the U'hit'Hi, and lw*i _\ e.irs later came out in command of the bark John //'. 
 Cater, owned by the famous i'ernando Wood. He made two trips in the i'ltter, and on his arrival in California, at the close of the 
 secoiul trip, left the hark at ,Sau l^'rancisco and began running a small steamer called the Miner, on the Sacramento River, The 
 possibilities of steam navigation in the North had probably deeply imjiressed him, for he soou retired from the Sacramento and 
 came up to Oregon on the bark Oinin Hint, bringing the little propeller /lloii: //,ihi\ which he placed on the Oregon City route. 
 He afterward acquired an interest in the steamer ll'iitlaiiiet anil owned the 
 
 Multfionialt. The latter vessel was the best known of any of the pioneer steamers . ; 
 
 on the Columbia, and remained in his possession and conunand until the time of 
 his death in lSb2. About 1S57, in company with Wells, Williams and others, he 
 formed the Columbia .Sleam Navigation Company. Among its lirsl veiUures 
 was the building of the /•,'//></ .liiiter.wii, the largest low-pressure steamer in 
 Oregon at that time. The Colund)ia Steam Navigation Coni|),iny was shortlived, 
 but R was through its instrumentality that the rnion Transportation Company and 
 the Oregon Sleam Navigation Company sjirang into existence, the latter compan\', 
 on its organization, giving to Hoyt the entire trade on the .Astoria route as liis 
 share of the territory then eonlrol'led by the allied interests. Captain Hoyt died 
 I'"ebruary iS, i,S62, sincerely mourned by a large circle of friends, to whom the 
 names Hoyt and Afii/liioinali liad become as household words. Me was succeeded 
 .1 few years after his death by his son Richard, who is still iirominently counecteil 
 with marine inteiests. 
 
 " '/.. C. Norton was born in llaine in iSiS. In i.s.;; he built the brig .S'(V/h/«, 
 in Maine, and made a trip to the West Indies and South ,\meriean ports, and 
 in 1S48 took a load of lumber to Kuenos .Vyres, and from there took cargo and 
 passengers lo California. Immediately after liis arrival he put the Si,piiii in the 
 coasting trade, sailing for the Columbia on his first tri|i, November 27. iS|S, and 
 arrived at Raker's Hay Uecemlicr 2d. Among his passengers was Stephen Coflin. 
 one of the Portland townsite owners. The brig was lift\-four ila\s going to 
 Portland on her first trip on account of high water and Moatiiig ice. He eoiilinued 
 coasting for several years, and made considerable money. In later \ears he 
 retired to a farm near Portland, where he died February iS, iSjy. 
 
 'Josejih Kellogg was born June 2), 1S12, in Cinada, and crossed the iilains 
 in 1S4S in a company, among which was P. H. Cornwall. On reaching Oregon, 
 he located a claim which adjoined that of I,ot Whitcomb, and with him and 
 William Torrence laid out the town of Milwaukie and built a sawmill. He also 
 constructed a schooner foi the firm, which was loaded with produce and taken 
 to California. There the vessel and cargo were traded for the brig /■orrest. which 
 socm earned the money for the bark /.tiiisaniie. The business of the firm of 
 
 . JosKrn Ki-:i.i.oi,(. 
 
 WhitcomI), Kellogg M: Torrence increased, and thcv built a mill and kejit two 
 
 brigs busv carrying lundier to California, Withdrawing from this. Captain Kellogg fonned a iiartn 
 
 brigs liusy carrying luinher to California. Withdrawing from this. Captain Kellogg fonned a partnership w'lh Bradlierry and Kddv 
 and built the Standard I-'lonr Hills, the most extensive in Oregon. In i,S6.5 he built the steamer Sriiol.tr. > hicli was afterward sold 
 to the People's Transportation Company. .Mter uniting his interests with this companv, he superiiilendc 1 the eonstruelion of the 
 basin at Oregon City, and subsequently, with Captain Pease, began the navigation of tlie Tualitin with t le little steamer Oii:,arcl, 
 building the canal between the river and Sucker Lake. About this time he bought and laid out Ih.- town of Oswego. Wlieii 
 lien Holladay bought the People's Transportation Company in 1.S7.), Kellogg and others organized the Willamette Transportation 
 Company, of which he was vice-president and director. He superintended the building of the steamers (.'overnor Grover and 
 Jleaver for this company, but soon after sold his interests on the Willamette and Tualitin and formed what is now known as 
 the Joseph Kellogg Transportation Company. 
 
«4 
 
 Li'win (f Drydrn's Mnrinc History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Tlie United States transport Auita. Capt. S. Iv. Wooclwortli. arrived in the river March 15, 184H, fifteen 
 
 days from San Francisco. Tlie ol)ject of her visit was to secnre recruits for the army in Mexico ; failing in 
 
 this slie departed April 2J(1, reaching San Francisco five days later. The I-jiglish hark Jtuni. Dring, master, 
 
 came from Honolulu, returning again the following year from San Franoiseo, bringing as pas.sengers Joe Lane 
 
 and Joe Meek, who were iii roii/r home from the F^ast with their ap])ointmeiits as Governor and Ihiited States 
 
 Marshal, respectively. 
 
 The farmers living on Clatsop i)lains, desiring to get their 
 products to market, built a schooner called the .S'Xv/x/mi'w, in i,S48. 
 at Lexington, or. as it is now called, Skipanon. a short distance 
 below Astoria. She was owned by R. S. McEwan, Thomas Owens, 
 Calvin Tibbetts and Aldridge Trask. She was a two-master of 
 about forty tons burden, and was manned, with the exception of the 
 captain, by farmers. Her first venture was a cargo of butter, bacon, 
 eggs and potatoes, which were disposed of to excellent advantage 
 in Sacramento, where they arrived in July, 1.S49. The schooner 
 was sold there and the crew returned to Astoria on the bark (hrnii 
 Bird, Tibbetts dying on the way up. During this year George Geer 
 and Robert Alexander operated the launch of the wrecked /'■(lank- 
 as a pilot boat on the bar. The craft was sloop-rigged and sailed 
 like a clipper. On one occasion Alexander took her from Astoria 
 to Portland in eighteen hours, anchoring over night in the 
 Willamette. He left Astoria soon after this and was finally killed 
 by the Indians on the American River. Geer fell from grace 
 by .selling "blue ruin" to the Clatsop Indians at Astoria, who 
 terrified the wives and children of the .settlers with their drunken 
 menaces. The Clat.sop men protested, and Geer sent them an 
 insulling answer ; so they came over, ducked him in the bay and 
 ran him out of the country in the summer of i,S48. The Peacotk's 
 RM.Ni. launch afterward took a number of pa.s.sengers to San FVanciseo. 
 
 The schooners Hvcliuc and Sabina were making regular trips between the Columbia and California ports. 
 
 Two vessels were wrecked at the mouth of the river this year : one was the bark Vaiitouvcr. in command 
 
 of Captain Mouatt, well and favorably known in marine circles in the Northwest for many years. She was a 
 
 teak-built vessel of about 400 tons, and en route from London to Vancouver with a 
 
 cargo for the Hudson's Hay Company. Pilot Reeves, who was afterward drowned 
 
 in California, boarded her, and in sailing in ran the vessel aground on the middle 
 
 .sands, where she .soon pounded to pieces. Nothing was done about the matter, 
 
 although Captain Mouatt insisted that Reeves lost her through gross carelessness. 
 
 The other v'es.sel was the whaling ship Maine, which went ashore on Clatsop Spit, 
 
 and a (|uantity of her wreckage washed up on Clat.sop beach, John Hob.son of Astoria 
 
 .securing a complete cooper-shop outfit which formed part of her equipment. The 
 
 crew were all rescued and were sent to San I'Vancisco in " ship's boat which had 
 
 been lengthened and rigged for the .service. 
 
 In i,S49 marine craft were no longer so few in number as to be curiosities. 
 
 The bark Jo/ni W. Cater, in which Capt. Richard Hoyt had returned to the Pacific 
 
 Coast, was running regularly as a coaster, between San Francisco, Victoria and 
 
 Portland. The bark Madonna, in command of Captain Couch, who had made 
 
 .several previous trips here, arrived in Portland in August, and Chief Mate J. C. 
 
 Flanders took command. T'is year the Madonna marked a period in history, as 
 
 the first vessel advertised to .sail for an Atlantic port from the Northwest, being on berth at Portland for New 
 
 York. A relic of river navigation in early days is yet visible at low tide in Astoria harbor, where the timbers 
 
 of the old Sylvia de Grasse,^" wrecked in i.S4y, still remain. 
 
 to 
 wt 
 
 Capt. Jnii hatfiei.o 
 
 '"Tlie Sytx'Ui de iita^se was an old New York packet built of live-oak and locust. Tile ship had coiisiderahle historic interest 
 attacheil to her, l)ein>; the vessel which brought the first news of the I'reiieh revolution to the I'uited States, jhortly after this, 
 she sailed round to the Pacific Coast, where she was bought by a man named Liray. Her new owner, with a view to making .a (|uick 
 fortune, came up to the Columbia, leaving orders for the vessel to follow as soon as possible (iray secured a cargo of 600,000 feet 
 of lumber on the river at Oregon City, St Helens and Hum's Mills, for which he paiil about i\% per thousand. .As it was then worth 
 from J.vo to fsoii per thousand in .San I'rancisco, he hurriedly loaded the vessel and started her down the river. Keaching .■\storia, 
 the Syli-ia was anchored, and rickernell, one of the early pilots, went aboard to take her down to the bar. When the anchor was 
 raiscil preparatory to beating do«ii, the vessel drifted on a ledge of rocks opposite what is now known as l'p]ier Astoria ; and, despite 
 all efforts 10 release her, she remaineil hard and fast. With visions of a falling market taking his big prospective fortune from him, 
 Gray made tVantic efforts to secnre another vessel. The only one available was the .American sliij) \\\}lpole, which had come in with 
 a cargo of government sujiplies. (".ray ni.idc the M'al, '/e's skipper an offer of Jio.cxxi to take the cargo to ,San I'rancisco, but, as 
 the H'lilpole was under charter, her captain refuseil to go. .As nearly all of the coasting vessels at this period were of small tonnage, 
 several weeks elapsed before he fin.'illy succeeded in getting his lumber atloat on three small schooners. Hy the time they reached 
 
Ui'H'l(if)nwi't (if Local M:ir'iw Trnflic, Buildiny of Stvar and Sailiiiy Vessels 
 
 as 
 
 1848, fifteen 
 [) ; rniljiijr in 
 irin>{, master, 
 tTS Joe Lane 
 Jnited States 
 
 to get tlieir 
 iioii, in 1X48, 
 liort distance 
 onias Owens, 
 ivo-niaster of 
 ■eplion of the 
 putter, bacon, 
 it advantage 
 *Iie .schooner 
 e hark Oinri/ 
 George Geer 
 eked /''iiauf; 
 .'d and sailed 
 from Astoria 
 ight in tlie 
 finally killed 
 
 from grace 
 Vstoria, who 
 leir drunken 
 nt them an 
 the bay and 
 he /'faniii'x 
 11 Francisco. 
 )rts. 
 
 n command 
 She was a 
 
 .) 
 
 id for New 
 :lie timbers 
 
 :oric iiiterust 
 ly after this, 
 <iiiK •■> i|iiick 
 6<x),(Kx) feel 
 s llieii worth 
 iiif? .Astoria, 
 anchor was 
 iini, <lespite 
 e from him, 
 oiiie in Willi 
 isco, hnt, as 
 all tonnage, 
 hey •■parheii 
 
 
 The bark Siimss. Capt. William Irving," arrived from the Ivist and entered the coasting trade. The old 
 /.a II sail III' was bought by Kellogg, Whitcomb & Torrence for their Milwaukie and San Franci.sco line ; and 
 Captain Crosby arrrived with the brig (imiaii. which also engaged in the coast traffic. The brig Orbit" made a 
 trip to Victoria and other .Sound points ; and Shoalwater Haj had a visit from the bark Uiiiliiic. which came from 
 California with a load of gold-hunters, missed the Columbia River and ran into the bay by mistake. Among her 
 p.issengers was Associate Justice O. C. I'ratt, who, with others, left her at Shoalwater Bav and caine over 
 to the Columbia. The bark, which was of about 250 tons register, afterward came around to tho Columbia and 
 went up for a cargo of lumber. In Hritish Columbia the Hudson's Bay Company established Fort Rupert, 
 and, fiiiiUiig coal, succeeded in loading the ship liiii!;laiid there the following year. Coal was noi plentiful, 
 however, and these mines never amounted to much. An important addition to the population of British Columbia 
 was a number of settlers who arrived at Victoria on the British ship Jfarpooiier. in charge of VV. C. Grant, settling 
 at Sooke. 
 
 On December 25, 1849, the first pilot .schooner, the ^fluy Taylor, arrived at Astoria. She was brought up 
 from San Franci.sco by Capt. J. G. Hustler" and Capt. Cornelius White. They piloted on the Columbia bar for 
 
 ColdshoroHKli and others. They loaded her with piles and 
 
 San [■■ranciseo Uiiiiher had fallen with a rush. AlthoiiKh the tiile has ehheil and flowed thron^'h the tiiiihers of the old craft since 
 1.S49, nearly half a century, many of them are still .sound, and less than a year b({o an .\storia lioal-huilder went ont to the wreck 
 at extreme low water and sawed out a chunk of live-oak, which he used in the construction of a latter-day hoat. 
 
 " Capt. William Irvinjj, a man whose name will he rememhered as I011K as steam and sail ves.sels move in the waters of the 
 Northwest, was horn in Annan, Dumfrieshire, Scotland, in 1S16, and dieil at New Westminsler, H. C, .\UKiist 2S, 1872. He bewail 
 his sea-K"iuK career al an early a^e, sailing all over the world while still a yoniiK man. In the early forties he was mate on the hri;; 
 Tiisiaiiy, plying hetweeii New York and Kuxlish ports; and a singular coinciilence in conntctioii with this was that the captain 
 of the lirig was Richard Ilovt. and the stcwanl Richard Williams, three men who were destineil in after years to play a most 
 important part in the estahlishment of sle.iin navigation on tlie W'illamette and Columbia rivers. Captain Irving first arrived 
 in Oregon 111 iSm as master ud part owner of tlie hark Smrrss, with which he entered the coasting trade. Within a year or two 
 after his arrival lie laid the foundation for his fortune hy purchasing a large tract of land on the east side of the Willamette ; and, 
 as the city of Portland spread in this direction, it liecame immensely valualile. Captain Irving's first steamhoat venture was 
 the little /uix/''. which he lirought upon the deck of the hark Siiiirss ami placed on the Portland and Oregon City route, afterward 
 selling her to Wells S: Williams, I,alcr he hoiight the /''.i/irfss, and, as.sociated with others, owned a nuniher of equally well-known 
 pioneer steaiiie s. Aliout iSs.S he .solil out his steamhoat interests in Oregon and went to Itritish Columbia, where he joined his old 
 parliier, .■\lexaiider S. Murray, and built the lirst steamer coustrnclcd in British Columbia, the Cin'criior /Jimi^/as, following her with 
 the ( 'iihiiii'l .Uddi/y, with which he made the first successful trip to Vale in 1S61. In i,S62 he sold his interests in the /)oiii;/iis and 
 J/ooi/y and built the h'liiiiiice, running her until i,S66, when he built the Oincdiil. .Almost from the time of his arrival on tlie l"raser 
 he wa.^ engaged in lighting red-hot opposition ; but, with the indomitable will anil unflinching iktermination. which is inherited in 
 no small degree by his son. Commodore John Irving, he emerged from each engagement victorious, and at the time of his death 
 stood at the head of his profession, ailniired even by his business rivals, and revereil hy a host of friends, who felt in his death an 
 irreparable loss. In speaking of his many virtues a pioneer friend said at the time of bin death : " His purse was always al the 
 disposal of any one in need, and his generosity was unrestricted by class, faith or iialionality. He knew no distinction in hi.s bounty, 
 and he never allowed a former injury to interfere with a present occasion for timely aid. He was a gentleman in the true sense of 
 the term." 
 
 '-The brig Oibit arrived at Tumwaler, Washington, ill January, 1850, coining from San I'Vancisco, where she was bought by 
 Col. I. N. Kbey, H. 1'. Shaw, K Sylvester and S. Jackson. They purcliased her as a means of transit to the country, and brought one 
 jiasseiiger with them. On reaching Tiimwatcr they sold the brig to Michael .Simmoiis, who sent her to San I'raiicisco in charge 
 of Captain Diniham. She iie.\l went on a trip to the Columbia in commanil of Cajitaiii Kutler, but, meeting with ditfictiltv on the 
 bar, was abandoned. She afterward drifted into Haker's Hay, and was held for salvage by the .\storiaiis. Simmons settled with 
 tli'Mii, look her back to the Sound, and sold her to J. II. Swan, II. .' 
 started her for the Sandwich Islanels, but she was disabled in a 
 gale on the Straits of h'uca and went into Ks(|nimalt, where she was 
 sold to the Ilnd.son's Hay Company for 5i,'xk). They renamed her 
 and ran her in the coast trade for several years. 
 
 '■'Capt. J. (i. Hustler, one of the first jiilots on the Coluinhia 
 River bar, was horn in New York City in i.Sjfi, his father being 
 master of one of the first packet ships running between New York 
 and Liverpool, in iSi.S. .-Xfler attending school until the age of 
 thirieeii. yiniiig Hustler was apprenticed on the school ship 
 Xorth (\iiii/iiiu. and afterward transferred to the /iii/t'/>t'iuft'iitY as 
 luidsliipiiiaii. He was next in the sliip-ofwar rirhU-, iiijikiiig a 
 cruise to the coast of .-Xfrica, where, while lying in the river (laiiihiii, 
 the .\fricaii fever carried olf 119 out of ilie i_;2 on hoard. They left 
 there at last and reached Cape \'erde Islands, receiving assistance 
 from Commodore Perry of the Miu'i'ittinitiii, wlio supplied them 
 with a crew, which enabled them to return to New York in the 
 fall of iS.t4. Cajitain Hustler then retired from the navy , and began 
 piloting out of New York harbor, continuing there until 184,8. 
 He then joineil a coinpauy of forty one men in the purchase of 
 the brig Sarah McFarlaiie and sailed for Califoniiji, arriving in 
 ■Seiitember, 1849. .\fter a brief stay at the mines Captain Hustler 
 returned to San I'raiicisco. where he met John While, nuoiher old 
 .New York pilot. Together they bought the schooner Mary 'l\iylor 
 and sailed for .\storia, arriving December 25, 1.S49, when they at 
 once began piloting on the bar, using the schooner as a pilot 
 boat. They coutimieil in this calling up to 1852, when the Hoard 
 of Pilot Commissioners was organized, and Hustler received his 
 first branch. He piloteil until 1859, at which time, owing to 
 ill health, he was obliged to retire, and engaged in inercantile pur- 
 suits at .-Vstoria. While so occnpieil he made occasional sea trips, 
 running the bark lane . I. Falknibrix for Captain Mavel. He also 
 took the /iiiza .liii/crsnii around frcmi the Columbia and ran her a 
 short time between Vicloria and Praser River. On lii,s retirement 
 from the water he held the office of City Treasurer at Astoria for 
 six years, and was also County Clerk for four years, and for thirty years School Clerk. During the Ilolladay rii;iiiie he was placed 
 ill charge of the Main Street dock at Astoria, where he remained until he died, lehruarv i. 1,893, luonrned by all who knew Iiini 
 
 Capt. J. 
 
 HrSTI.KH 
 
26 
 
 Lvwis cf Diydrn's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 some time, and wi-u' Joiiiuil in lliis vocitioii l)y Capt. Job Hatfield." who is still living ;il Coos Hay. Tilt 
 Mary /"rnAi; was a craft 'lo left loii};, 17 feet lioaiii, and was linill in New London, Conn., in i.sj.s. After tlu 
 arrival of the i)ilot boat Vulifoniia the Mary '/iir/c/was sold to the 
 W'inants. of Shoalwalcr Hay. The schooner Two llrotlirrx. Captain 
 FieUlsted. and the . Iniia Sofi/iia. Captain Tutlle. were in the .Shoahvater 
 Hay oyster trade. 
 
 I'p cargoes from San I"rancisco were not ver\ heavy, and in 
 the clearances from the Hay City it was invariably stated, "for 
 pro\isions," all of the exports from Orej^on at that time coming nnder 
 that general head. In addition to the vessels mentioned the 
 following were plying regularly in the coasting traffic : the .schooner 
 Star/iiij(, Captain Meti/.ies. barks .hula, (Icraii A'/zv/. k'roka and 
 Carib. The last three vessels were bought in .September. 1S41J. by 
 .S. S. White.' D. B. Hanna and H. Jennings, who ran them regularly 
 in the Oregon trade and made considerable money with them. The 
 brig /('//« Pillv arrived from San I'Vancisco with a cargo of general 
 merchandise, which she had brought from the Ivast and failed to 
 dispo.se of in the Bay City. The Pflly was in command of Capt. 
 (leorge h"lavel,"'a man who in after years amassed a colossal fortune 
 and made himself famous in marine circles throughout the Northwest. 
 The Columbia also received a visit this year from the I'nited vStates s. s. whitr 
 
 -?«, 
 
 I i 
 
 "Joli llMtliflil. who Wii,>. oiif lit' ilif .1/(1; I Tiiyliii's cri'W (if pilols. was linni in liiiKlaiiil ill 1S13, ami lolloweil llie sea in 
 various pans of tile worlil iinlil la- arriveil 1111 llif Cdliiiiibia. .Vfler leaving llic .I/ii< v '/"inAx in 1H50 lie retired lo a Tarni near 
 SeottstiiirK. OrcHDii, ami lias rusiileil lliert' ('(iiitiiiiiiuisly since. 
 
 '■'S S. Wliile. who was at the head of this early transportation conipain-, was horn in Iinliana in iSi 1 and crossed the plains 
 in iS^s. When he went to California to seonre a vessel for the Oregon trade, he intended to liny lint one vessel, hnt the (jold 
 exciteiiieiit. which had caused entire crews, from captain down, lo desert their ships, had left lar|^e niinihers of really fiiie craft to lie 
 had for a siiii^ ; this enahlcd him to secure the three vessels for alioiit the value of one. They made linl one trip with the ( 'arih, as 
 slie was more siiitahle for passengers lliaii freij^ht. The (hritu /iirti was the money maker of the trio, clearing her oi'i>;iiinl cost. 
 #I2.(KK>, and ^4:i<i liesi.le on her first trip, ill .September. iS^q Her second trip was to the Sandwich Islands, whence she returned 
 with a profit of f i6,ik»i from the voyaye. .Xfter selling the l\iri/<, White and his associates coiitiiineil rnnniiiK the A'n'iii and Cirnu 
 lliril for alioiit a year. In 1S50 Ilaiina droppeil out of the firm, .iiid White. Jennings and I,ot Whitconili liunxht the hark /.oiiisiiina, 
 which liroMHht the steamer /-«/ ll'hilioiiih's niacliinery from the ICast. These three men, the original owners of the steamer /.<)/ 
 ll'hiltiiinh, jiiiid |l5.cii«i for the machinery, and sent it np to Portland without nnloadiii^; il. .Soon after the completion of 
 the Wliilcomh, the partnership was dissolved. White sellinv; out to the other partners and retiring from the steanilioat linsiness. 
 He is still liviiiK '" I'orllaiid. where liis son. !•:. .M. White, who took ijiiite a iironiincnt part ill slcamhoatiiiK on the Willamette in 
 early days, dieil a few years an<i. 
 
 '"Capl. Cieorxe h'lavel. for nearly forty years one of the most proniiiieiit characters in marine circles on the I'acific 
 Coast, was a native of Norfolk. Va,. liiii left the .Atl.iiitic Coast when i|iiile yoiinj; and came to California ill command of the 
 /'■Wr. .After disposing of the c.irKO of the I'i'lly in I'orllaiid lie returned to .Sail I'rancisco and went to the mines. AIakiii){ 11 
 short slay there he letiinied lo the water and look command of the old (iiilinh, which was then riinninj^ lielween ,Saii I'rancisco and 
 Sacranienlo as a ]iiisseii^er sleatner. lie remained on the (,'<>/i»/i hut a short time (Hlthoii^di he ran her between Portland and 
 
 San I'rancisco a fewtrijis in 1.S51), returning to the Colnnibia early in i.Sso as mate 
 and pilot on the old steamship (,\ihlhiiiilfr. While in this service lie was Kiveii 
 the first branch license ever issued to a Columbia River pilot by the Stale. 
 Leaving the GeliUiiinter he bought the schooner Citlifnntia in San P'rancisco. 
 and bronnht her iiji and pnl her on the bar in opposition to the lUarv Taylor, 
 then rnnniii^ as a pilot boat. By j/ood mjinajxemciil he soon succeeded in ending 
 the opposition and securing full control of the bar pilotage. He made moiiev 
 very rapidly. Thinking, however, that the chances for acctiniiilaliii>^ a forluiie 
 were belter on shore, in comiiany with ;! man named .Aiken he built a sawmill on 
 Vonng's River, wliicli rninecl them both in comparatively shfirt order .-iiid forced 
 Captain I'lavel lo ^;o back to his original calling. Money was jilentiful in those 
 days, and p'lavel had iiiaiix friends in the lijiy City ; so wlieii he went down and 
 staled his case he had no trouble in securing the means to buy an interest in the 
 schooner //ahyoii. of which he bec.inie captain, iiiakiiig money fast in tliec<iastiiig 
 trade. Willi tin- jirofils he piirchaseil an interest in the Jijue . I /''alketthrti^ ami 
 look commaml. running her for about two years. During this time he retained 
 his interest in the pilot boat ( 'iiti/innia, which was always a mouey-niaker, .Mionl 
 1S58 his marine ventures and iuveslments ashore had grown so jirolitable that he 
 retireil from the water himself and gave all his attention to the inanagement of 
 his business. He had full control of the bar pilotage, and. while the rates were 
 high, he kept the service up lo a high standard. When Paul Coriio put llie 
 Riibhoui, the lirst lug, in the service, P"l;ivel and his nervy pilots waged such a 
 relentless and iintiriiig o])position, that Coriio retired in a sliorl lime, loser by 
 .••everal thousand dollars, while the I'lavel jjilots had prospered. Soon after the 
 f^ahboni's departure llie State olTered a bonus of ;f,;o.(x)o to any one who would 
 inaiiitaiii a steam tug on the bar for ji period of \\\\t years, P'lavel accejiled the 
 offer and built the tug .-htoriti in i.S6y. and for nearly twenty ye.'irs enjoyed almost 
 a monopoly of the towage and pilotage into the Columbia. His rates were high, 
 but he gave a service that has not been improved, except in so far as the dangers 
 have been lessened by improvements to the channel ; and thnnigh all of his rigimr 
 any opposition that sprang up fonii'l c(nitiniied existence iniiiossible, for the 
 simple reason that his service could not be excelled. The .Istoriti handled 
 the business for a few years, ami then the C. J. Ihciiluitii was brongli out. 
 Cai't, r.FoHriK i-'r.AvKi, followcd by the C'oliniihit} and snbseiiueully by the new .Is/iiriti. .Abon' 1SS7 
 
 Captain p'lavel .sold out his interest in this business to .\. M. Simpson and .etired 
 from active service, residing in .Astoria until his death, wliicii occurred July .?. 189^ No man whose name hail been so provjinently 
 before the people wa.s more roundly abused by both press and public for niany years than Capt. (ieorge p'lavel ; and jet in less than 
 
Dvvrliifjmmt nf Local Marim- Traffic. Buihlimj of St^nir nivl Sailinc/ Vmnflu 
 
 37 
 
 Hay. Tin 
 
 AfltT till 
 
 wed lilt' SLM ill 
 to a farm iirar 
 
 issed the plains 
 1, but tlie Kold 
 
 fine craft to he 
 til the i'arib, as 
 r ori^'iiiHl cost, 
 •e she returtietl 
 'i-i<kii and Oiraii 
 >ark /.otiisiiiiia. 
 lie steamer /.»/ 
 
 completion of 
 nlioat business. 
 > Wdlamette in 
 
 on the I'acific 
 
 inimand of the 
 
 I\Iakin;r ,i 
 
 I'rancisco and 
 
 1 I'ortland and 
 
 11 1X50 as mate 
 
 he was ({iven 
 
 by the Slate. 
 
 ■ian I-'rancisco. 
 
 Afiin- 'I'ayloi , 
 
 •dt'd in ending 
 
 .' made money 
 
 tin^ a fortune 
 
 It a sawmill on 
 
 !er and forced 
 
 nliful in those 
 
 eiit down and 
 
 interest in tlie 
 
 n the roasting 
 
 \ilkeubi'}i; and 
 
 he retaineil 
 
 laker. About 
 
 litable that he 
 
 ui.inement of 
 
 he rales were 
 
 'oriio put the 
 
 wa^ed such a 
 
 iiie, loser by 
 
 iooii after the 
 
 lie who would 
 
 iiecepted the 
 
 njoyed almost 
 
 es were hij^h, 
 
 s the dangers 
 
 of his ft't^imr 
 
 iiblc, for the 
 
 otiii handled 
 
 brongh out, 
 
 Abon' 1SS7 
 
 )n and .etired 
 
 proi liiiently 
 
 in less than 
 
 
 survcyiiiR scIiooirt /•;?,■///,,• .'^ Of Ww wrecks ..cctirriiiK iti iS.).) tin- most impnrtniit wtTi- tliost of tlie American 
 ship .l/iroi-ii" mill liie I'Vcncli baric A/iHiuut; .S'/.«-." 
 
 hi tlic yiar 1S50 transportation on the nppcr WillaiiK-tte was carried on by two men, who are 
 .still in active service, Capl. (JeorKc I'ea.se " and Capt. James I). Miller. ' Miller had a flatboat, sixty-five feel 
 
 a year after his relirenieiil desires were expressi.l for a restoration of the I'lavel manaKemeiil with its IukIi raiis but exiellent 
 service Cai.lain b'lavels success was due in a larne measure to a thoroiiKb, practical kiiowlcdKc ..I ihc business in wliicli he was 
 eiiKaKVil- l'*^ 'i''^'*'' "•■■"' " '""" "lii^f '"" "ould not ^o himself, and coupled Willi 
 absolute fearlessness he possessed rare Kood judnmeiit. With Ills death iiassed away 
 a remarkable man. 
 
 ■ The Kovernincnt schooner /•.'?('/>/;' arrived in the Columbia April u>, iNy, aUer 
 siirvcyiiiK the coast frinii San l-raiicisco north. She was a topsail schooner ol about ijn 
 tons burden, in command oH.Mp'.ain McArlliiir, and carried \i men all told. On arrival 
 she surveyed the river as far iij. as ToiiKue Toiiil. .Xnioii;; her crew was J. A. Cook, still 
 liviiiK at Astoria. The tiwiiii;. while IviiiK in San l-rancisco harbor, preparatory to her 
 northern cruise, was the scene of a traj;ie exhibition of naval iliscipliiic, four of her crew 
 beiiin handed to the vardarm for deserlion and attempted murder. They were anxiinis 
 to Ket to the mines, and on the wav ashore with the lienleiiant threw him overboard and 
 escaiied, only to be recai>tnred and' sentenced to death. Two of the men were lianned 
 from the A'im/iiii, one from the .S/. .l/m v. and one from the Arc/Hi,', while a liltli man was 
 repr.eved. After making the survey in the Colninbia the A".-.7«!,' went to I'UKet Sound. 
 "The American ship .liinnii, in cimimand of Captain Kilbourn, formerly of the 
 brij; //liny, ran on the sands off f.rav's Hay while ill loiilr frimi San I'rancisco for a 
 lumber carKo. She had twetitv or thirty passeiiKers aboaril and a small car^o, and, a 
 heavy Kale coming 1111, the ship'proved a total loss. John Ilobson took the passengers 
 to Or'eKou City in a liatboat. 
 
 '' Another imiiortant wreck occnrriuK this year was that of the I''rencli bark 
 .Uiiiiiiiii; Shir, Cap . I'rancis Mciies, from Havre ile (".race for the Columbia River. She 
 left Havre in December, iH.iH, and arrived iit the bar in July, iS^y. She had waited 
 seven ilays lor a jiilol, and, as the captain of an American bri^ told Captain Jleiies lliat 
 Pilot Kee'ves hail been drowneil in Sail I'rancisco Hay, he attempted to sail in, July 1 itli. 
 Ile had crossed with the .1/();7)/h.i; .syn) in 1S.17, but the tortuiais channel hail cliaii).!ed, 
 and she struck while drawing sixteen feet of water ami thninped for nine hours. All the 
 lifeboats were lost in altemptiiiH to lower them, and one man was drowned. The keel 
 and rudder broke olf. and she linallv drifted into Hakers Hay. I.atlie, the river pilot, 
 took out some Indians, and with their hel]i and that of the crews from the bark /n/iii 
 IV. Ciili'i; brig Uiuliiie and ship Wiilfiuli-, who worked with her for twenty hours, 
 pumpiiiH and bailing, and with the assistance of a box rudder, linally reached I'ortland. 
 Her earKo was .saved and the hull purchased bv Couch and I'landers, who afterward 
 sold her to Charles llutehiiis. I'UiKene I,a Korrcst, who came out as mate 011 the b irk, lived at Oregon City for a niimlier of years. 
 
 "Capt. ('.eor«e A. I'e.i.se was born in New York 111 iSvi and left there at the age of niiieleen with liflyone other youiiK 
 men, on the bark Mhikiiii the vessel having been purchased by tlieiii for the voyaxe to the California gold field. He arrived ill San 
 Fraiieisco Sei)teniber v. ^^V>, and, after a lew moiitlis in the iniiies, sailed for Astoria on the lirig . \iiiui li. .1/ii/«c, Captain liaker. 
 .■\rriviiiK at Milwankie in July, 1S51). he hexau boating between Drenon City and Milwankie. In December of the same year 
 he purchased a liatboat to rnirabove the falls and a keellicmt to ply between rortland and Oregon City, lie ran the liatboat up as 
 far asCorvallis, with ocoasiomil trips to I'Uinene. His first steainlioatinj,' was on the steamer //utiuii. on which be ran as pilot and 
 purser under C.iptain Swain for three or four months. In the suininer of iS^i he went to I''airlicld and superinlendcd the construction 
 of the steamer OiiXixi, then beini; built by Hen Simpson. On her completion he worked as pilot umler Cajitains Parker and 
 . . , .V _.. . ■ . 1 I .-1. . 1 11 ...t . .11.. 1 .1... / ■ .- .y/^ ...1.;... 1 1 1.. ,. ^:....^ T ..til 
 
 KiiKini-er Sleanifr ( 
 
 nf Col. Juc Meek's sluries 
 
 S.Ml I n, 
 
 himftia, listiiiinK to oar 
 
 Shields. He left the (>iri;;>ii in July, 
 
 1 
 iSi',, and built abirge liatboat called" the l,'a:ille, wliico he'operalcd on the iijipcr rive"- until 
 ■November. iSjv Ile next ran on the U'lilliiiin I, as pilot aficr llie uiilortimale steamer 
 (iiizilli- blew up. In the wiiiler of is.vi ,=i,s he was on the ( nth iiuili with C.pt. I'.eorfje 
 Cole, and in the slimmer of that year assisted in elTectiun the first coinbiiiaiion made 
 im the Willamette, the steamers interested beiuH 'be /-'iivikliii, Cniii-i lull and the 
 //ri'Siii. the latter boat having the mail eonlract. During the low-w.ter period of 
 1.S55 Captain Pease took a Irij) lo the Colville mines, returning; to ilie ( \iiii'iiiii/i as 
 pilot and freight clerk in the winter of is.s.s .s6 under Capt. Theodore Wynaiii. I'Mat- 
 lioatiiiK oci'iipied his attention diirinj.; the suminer of iS^s'>. and the following year he 
 took conimaud of the ( iiiitiiinli. In the summer of iS.s", with Si. Smith, he liuilt the 
 sieamer ('i'.-.'///- on the Tiialiiin Kivcr, selling her to Ilolmaii and Ilnnlington. He 
 was next inati' on the I'.iitii f>i i\i- wiih Captain Jamieson. im the u]i]ier river, and in 
 tlicsuinmer of 1.S5H built two tlalboats for Captain .-\insworlli. 10 run bttween Oregon 
 City and Clackamas. One of them was lilted with engines and iiamid llie Skeilinlillf. 
 In the following winter hi- served as iiilot on the Ihih.iitf. just built b\' Jamieson, and 
 left her to go as pa lot on the A /^'. He took com man 1 1 of the tfiiwaiif in Maicli, 1.S6. 1. 
 .■lud ran her iiiilil July, then, with the Dements, he built tb' A.rit/, which he owned 
 for two months, when, selling out to .Apperson, he retiiri*' ' >lhe (>n:i'iin/, running 
 her and the Siii/tiisr until they were sold to the People's 1..1 .-,.ortalioii Company in 
 1S63. He then built the steamer A'«/(;/i/7.(c with C. W, Pope, John Crawfoid, Nat. 
 I.aiie and Judge Stratton. She cinnmenced biisines> in .November, but a combinatioii 
 was soon made with the Peo))le's Traus])ortaliou CoinitaiiN'. He operated her until 
 1.S65, when she was exchanged for stock in the company and proied a highly pr litable 
 investnient to her owners. Cajitain Pease now began lit inn steamers in and out of 
 the basin at Oregon City for the coiniiany, and cimtimied in this work until the spring 
 of iSOS, when he went lielo'.v the falls and limk coininand of the . l/iif, nmniiig her 
 until she was rebuilt and named the A'. .\\ i'ii<'ki\ lie ran the latter boat until the 
 cinnpany sold out to Hen Holladay, when be was appointed superintendent under the 
 new i,'i;iiiu\ While in Ilolladay's employ he built the big hotel at Clatsop Heacli. In 
 the fall of 1S74 he entered the service of the Oregon .Steam Navigation Company, 
 taking command of the U'l'/iiiiiir on the .\stori.i route. He remained with the 
 coinpany imtil 1S7.S, and then begJiii jtilotiug on the ri\i'r. following this occuiiation 
 until iHSi, at which time he went to Lake Pen d'Oreille and built and ran the /li'iiiy I i7/iiii/ for iUl^ Northern Pacific Railroad 
 Company. Ile next built and ran the steamer /\'iilir l/n'.Ull on Clark's Fork of the Colninbia. Ou the completion of the railroad he 
 retiirneil to the lower river and took command of the bar tug IHoiii'i^r, jnst out from the l';ast. Leaving the l^ioiit't'i he iiiloted until 
 May, 1HS8. when he entered the employ of the riiioii Pacific, leaving them three years ago to wri-ck the .ihi-iioiii. lost <ni r,ra> *s 
 Harbor V'di a cargo of railroad iron. He secured nearly 2,(xh) tons of the iron, and on linisliiiig his task returned to his old vocation 
 on the river. In the spring of 1S94 he commanded the Ifovernmeiit ilreilge W. .V /.aild, used in deepening the ship channel between 
 Portland and Astoria. I'"ew men living have had the experience in this calling enjoyed by Captain Pease, and he is apparently 
 good for many years to come. 
 
 "Cipt. James 1). Miller was born in New York in 1S30, and arrived cm the Pacific Co,ist in |S.|S. Soim after rcacliiujt 
 Oregon City he began running a liatboat between Canemah and Dayton, .\lter coiitinning in this trade for a while, he coniinenceil 
 
 CUT. CiKOKi'K A. I'K.ISK 
 
a8 
 
 Li-wis di Dryilcn's M.iriih' Hi'itmy of tlw Pacific Nnrthwtist 
 
 liiiiK, witli wliii'li lie 111 iilf two roiiiid trips a week from Cniieiimh to Dayton ntui I.iifayettc, the |)n)|)elliiiK ixivver 
 
 l)einK furtiishcd l)y t'ouf IiidiaiiH, wlii) were paid sixteiMi dollars each for tiie Iriji. Captain I'uasc had a larni'i 
 
 boat of six Iiidiiin power, and both boats diil a IhriviuK business, Tiiey carried down from ,vx> to 4110 bushels ol 
 
 wheat as a load, for which they were p.iid Pdty cents a bushel freiKht, and the up-lrip 
 
 rates were thirty five dollars per ton measurement, 
 
 ^^^jj* It was fourteen years after the arrival of the steamer /Innvr before much effort 
 
 ^^^^^I^L _ was made at steamboatinx in the N'ortliwest. The attention of the OreKonians was 
 
 ^^^^^^^^ first called to the matter in .Septeml)er, i.s.pi, when David W'ilkins, of I'ittsburKh, 
 
 T^^T|^^ I'enn., addressed a letter to the merchants and business men of Oregon City, asking 
 
 V £^2 for information as to the practicability of building a liKht-drafl steamer to run on the 
 
 J^ JPPfc Willamette River, and also one for the \'ancouver ami Cascades trade. He offered to 
 
 ^^^^^^^%H^^^^ build, and shi|) in a sailing vessel around the Horn, a 1511 ton steamer for 5^,(i<h>. No 
 
 ^^^^BB^^^^H action was taken in this matter, but the following year steamboats appeared on the 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^V Willamette and Columbia 
 
 ^^fKffKHf^ T'"-' '''■'*' steamboat built in Oregon was a namesake of the first vessel to enter 
 
 the Columbia River: the Coliiiiibia. She was a little sidewheeler built at Upper 
 
 Astoria and made her trial trip on July ,v 1^50. The Columbia was owned by Capt. 
 
 Daniel Frost. Gen. John Adair, anil the firm of Leonard vt Cirecn. In building her 
 
 Thomas (loodwin was the head carpenter, and George Hewitt did the joiner work. 
 
 'ritOMAH SmIIII 
 
 KiriiKN Smith 
 
 were of eight-inch bore by two-foot stroke, 
 from San Francisco by Thomas V.Smith, 
 the well-known Oregon Railway vV Nav. 
 young Smiths assisted their father in 
 Columbia was 90 feet long, 16 feet beam, 
 left Astoria on her first tri]) at noon on 
 with Thomas \ . Smith in charge of the 
 She reached Portland at ysyo v. m, the 
 three hours proceeded to Oregon City, 
 the evening, a great celebration being 
 steamer Lot W'hilcomh was on the stocks 
 shape. 
 
 liv Jolni Ziiiiiwalt. Ill the fall cif 1856, with 
 fdi'.owiiin year Imilt the f/oiisifrtS'o.f. In 18.^8 
 and with his assiieiates purrliased the steamer 
 when she biirneii at I.iini Citv In 1S60 he 
 placed it in the steam scow f'liiii/ii//. .Soon 
 
 Her engines were of French make and 
 non-condensing. They were brought up 
 the father of Thomas'- and Reuben Smith, 
 igation Company engineers, and the 
 l)lacing the machinery in the craft. The 
 and about 4 feet depth of Indd. She 
 July ,^d, in commaml of Captain I-'rost, 
 engines, assisted by Henry McDermot. 
 next day, and after lying there two or 
 where she arrived about ,S:(xj o'clock in 
 held in her honor. At this time the 
 at Milwaukie, and wa.s rapidly as.suming 
 
 sieanihoaliii); on the //iiosifi; owned and ran 
 ■S, K. Smitli, he hon^lit the steamer, am) the 
 he sold an interest in the steamer to IC. M.White, 
 Jamis Cliiilon and ran her nntil April, 1K61, 
 took the machinery ont of the Htioitt'f ami 
 
 after this he sold his interest to Capt. J. T. .\ppersoii, and with Capt. t'lCorKe Pease went to the .Snake River mines. l(etnrniii|{ 
 from there in December, 1S61, he iKni^ht the steamer Ihiio from Capt. j. I". .Apperson, added the final it to her name, and ran 
 her, with the exception of a short time in i,S6i, when he was on tlie .V/niintdiii liiick nm\ Juliii, until she whs ahsorlied liy the 
 People's Transportation Company. I'roin the tftiion he went as jiilol on the l'\inny i\itliin with Capt. (ieor^e Jer<nne. thence to 
 the /•'ii/fif)iise with Capt. Seliastiau Miller, remaining with her until she was dismantled. When the new steamer . Ilbiiiiy was liuilt 
 he piloted with Capt. I.oii Vickers, ami after a short term on her entered the milling liusiiiess at 
 Ore^'on Citv. soon afterward serving on the Peojile's Transportation Company's steamers (Mrt'.Ki/, 
 Sena/iiy anil /;'. M. Owkf. He was a passen>;er on the Siiinlo) when she was lilown np, and the next 
 day look command of the /•'. jV. Cooki\ and ran her until the OreKon Steam Navigation Company 
 alisorhed the People's Transportation Compaiiv. In i.SyS he piirchaseil C. P. Chmch's interest in the 
 Hour mills, and also bought the steamer ,/. . /. .1/, <«//)' ami, after removin)' her >;eared machinery 
 and pnttin){ in that of the steamer Sfifit'ss, ran her to lui^ene. In iSyy he became financially 
 involved, losing not only his mill interests but the steamer as well, which he hail turned over to 
 Z. J. Hatch. He then t()ok conimand of the (i/v a/ S,i/,-m, and ran her until iSSi for William Reid, 
 carrying; railroad material to Ray's I<auilin>; ami Dayton. On account of ill health he resigned, and 
 with Church and others bonf^ht the Hour mills at Walla W,illa. I'rom there he went to .Sanil Point 
 anil ran the lleiiiy I'illiiid 011 I.ake Pen d'Oreille. I'rom the lleiiry I'Hliiiil he went to the 
 k'ltlif Hallflt, running on Clark's I'ork, and in the spriiiK of 1.SS2 returned to Walla Walla, sold out 
 the mill and went to Dayton. In 1.SH6 he retired t.) a ranch, returniuK to the river attain in 1.S89, 
 ruiiuinji the CV/i' f;/" .S'(//<'/« between I'uliiuartz and Ray's Lauding; until her seizure in i.Syi). Subse- 
 quently he went to Iluntin^ton and sni)eriiitended the building of the .Xoniia. making' the firs' trip 
 with her into the Seven Devils' Country. Returning to Portland he served on the d'oiriiior iWeu'ill, 
 7'hiee Sistns, ToU'ilo i\ni\ /itsi'f>h h'llloi^f^ ^\\\r\\\)^ iSi)i-y2. In 1S93 he went to Montana and took 
 command of the steamer . Iiiiin/v, niiinin^' on the Kooteuai between Jennings and I'ort .Steel. He 
 remained there until August, iSyj, when he went to the .Sound and purchased the steamer llalya and 
 iilaced her on the Kootenai, ruuninK out of Honner's h'erry. Willi few exceptions Captain Miller 
 ii,is seen more of the growtli and development of the marine business than any man liviiiK. 
 
 "Thomas Smith, who assisted his father in the construction of the Columbiix, was born in 
 Raltiniore in lS^j On the completion of the Columbia he shijiped as second enniiieer. remaining 
 
 on her a year, wlien he joined the steamer IaU Whiltiimb in the same cajiacity. I-roni that time until iS(j2 he ran as chief engineer 
 on the Coliniibia and Willamette steamers /llixklitiwk, Afulliiomuli, /uigle. //luisiir, Caiicmah. Sfrinii/a, Afoitnliiiii liiiik and 
 Waihiiigloii. In 1S62 he was on the njjjier river, being chief on all the boats there and on the middle river until i.st,S, when he 
 went to ihe Sound on the Wilson (i. Hunt, x\\\\\\\\\^ for a year between Olyinpia and Victoria. Returninj;, he coutiuned in the 
 employ of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company ami the Oregon Railway S: Navigation Company, and served as chief engineer 
 at different times on every steamer of their ileel, with the excejition of a few Willametle boats. He was chief engineer on the 
 T. J. Potlei for about five years, leaving her in 1X94 to go as chief on the steamship (!eo. W. Eliiei . 
 
 CAI-T. J. I). Mll.l.KU 
 
 \ 
 
 A 
 
 I'. 
 
 sh 
 
 po. 
 
 -.^..I.lj^ 
 
Drvrlnpmnit nf I ncnl Miiripf haHlc. Building nf Steam nnd Sailiny Vrsicli 
 
 ag 
 
 ipellltiK (xjwer 
 
 had a lar^i'i 
 (iH) hiislicls ol 
 11(1 the ii|)-tri|i 
 
 ru much ttTorl 
 rfnoiiiaiis was 
 )f I'ittshiirKh, 
 II City, nskiiiK 
 to run on thf 
 He offered to 
 r :fH,cxjo. No 
 ipcared on the 
 
 I'cssel to enter 
 nilt at Upper 
 vned by Capt. 
 Imilding her 
 joiner work, 
 .vofoot stroke, 
 mas V. Smith, 
 ilway iV Nav- 
 leir fatlier in 
 1 6 teet beaTH, 
 ip at noon on 
 cliarge of the 
 (:<x) I', M. the 
 (Jregon City, 
 •ration heing 
 un the stocks 
 
 1 (if i.Sjf), with 
 A'o..,'. Ill i.S.sS 
 ied llie steaiiuT 
 III lK6(i lie 
 iimhill. Soon 
 t-s. lu>tiiriiin)( 
 iiaiiif, 1111(1 ran 
 isorheil hy ilie 
 line, ilieutf to 
 lliany whs liuilt 
 
 'liit'f eiiiiiiieer 
 liii Hiitk and 
 ^frS, wlieii he 
 itiiiued in the 
 liiif engineer 
 jjineer on the 
 
 The r,>,'««(*/Vi continiied in the trade In-tween Porthind, Oregon City, Astoria and Vancouver, and enjoyed 
 a good business, fare and freiglit between river points being i2S per head or per ton. 'riie running time between 
 Portland and Astoria was twenty four hours, the boat lying up at niglit. ,\s anollier profitable source of revenue 
 slie carried suppbes from Vancouver to the Cascades, witli occasional trips from Astoria witli passengers from tile 
 Pacific Mail steamers, fre(iueiitly carrying so many that there was hardly standing room on board. The ( '•'liiiiibh 
 was a shortlived boat, and in a few years her engines were removed and jilaced in the steamer /•'nt/iii'ii. The 
 hull was afterward swept away and lost during a June freshet. 
 
 'I'he situation in regard to transportation facilities at the time the ( ,</ii»i/'i,i apjieared is very graiihically 
 set forth in the following letter from the veteran purser, Dan ()' Neil, written in response to a re(iuest for a sketch of 
 his own career on the Columbia River. Writing from Kedondo Heach, Cal., under date of January, l8i;5, he says : 
 
 " 111 llic spriiiKiif iMji). at the iige of Iweiitvoilf, I joiiiecl tin- Mciiinttil Rillc KckIiiU'IiI, near I'ort l,i-aMtnv(irlli. Mo., lakiiin h 
 
 iHiHilioii ill the siitltr'silepartiiieiit. In the iiKiiilli of May, in c niaiiil of CiilimiO I.oiinK, llie reKHiieiit stiirled iiii lis inarch 
 
 acro's the plains to (Irexdii, ami arrivnl at OreKoii City in tile nioiith of Oilolar. where llic reKinieiit went into winter i|Uarterii, 
 
 Soon after arrival it was found necessary to transport ccnisideralile 
 
 c|iiaiititieB of stores from Vaiiconver to Oregon Cily for the use of the 
 
 re>{iiiient. 
 
 " Navigation In the dayii of '49, on the Colnnihia and Willamette, 
 
 was not onlv a leilioiis lint somewhat difTieiilt and ilaiiKertms nndertakliiK'. 
 
 Steainlioats were nol in fashion, and. as roads were not yet opened up for 
 
 heavy wa)(oii tralhc, llieoiily way of KettiiiK theKoodsthroiiuli «asliy o]ien 
 
 lioats and man powei. hor this purpose liateaux lieloiiKiiiK to llie Hudson 
 
 May Company were lirouglit into service. ( )ii several occasions I took com 
 
 niiiiid of a small Meet of four or live of these. With a crew of six Indians 
 
 to each lioat, and a load ofaliout live tons, we would leave Vancouver in 
 
 the afternoon, nnkiiiKonr first landing and camp somewhere near where 
 
 St. Johns now stands On the second niglit we would reach Milwaukie. 
 
 and on the next aflernoon iiiaUe otir arrival at ()re){oii Cily, ('lettiuK 
 
 over the rapids lielow Oregon City was 1: tedious hut exciliiiK part of our 
 
 journey, the Indians wading and towing throiinh the swift current, 
 
 patient and enduring;, noodnatured and willing, as loii){ as they received 
 
 their dollar a day and plenty of fresh heef. Occasionally one would 
 
 lose his hold and footing and >;o whirling down the rapids for some 
 
 distance liefore he w(«ild recover iiimself, and several times, while poliiij; 
 
 oil the head lioat, I lost my lialance and took a spin in the rapid waters. 
 " Anions the civilians that acconiiiaiiied the regiment to Oregon 
 
 was an enterprisiuK, energetic man liy the name of I'rost, hetter known 
 
 as Capt. Jim I'rost. lie saw the imnieiliate need of hetler facilities for 
 
 transportation of goods and passengers, and started the idea of Imilding 
 
 a small steamer for that purpose. Oeu. John Adair of .\storia, Capt. Tom 
 
 Goodwin of Clatsop, and others, took it up with him, and a few moiilhs 
 
 later the /.ill/r I liliimhia was horn and went creeping slowly np the 
 
 waters of the Coluniliia toward Portland. Her first trip, 1 think, w/is 
 
 made in July, 1S5C1, with Jim h'rost as captain, and Tom .Smith, the father 
 
 of genial Toin of the I'lllfi, as engineer. It is to lie regretted that there 
 
 was no photo artist in those days to make a truthful picture of this poor 
 
 little sidewlieeler as she struggled and panted against tide and current, 
 
 doing her four or five miles an hour uiiiler favorahle circumstnuces ; lint 
 
 she could make more noise with her exhaust than the A'. A'. riioiiipM'ii 
 
 now does when having a race with the Tcliflioiif. 
 
 " Everything was on a niiiiiature scale, except the rate of passage. I'or the luxury of a trio from .Astoria to Portland the 
 
 modest sum of Jlj.'i was deiiiaiided and cheerfully paid. Some few nionths later I had the commaiKl of the liltle sleamer for a few 
 
 mouths, and iluring that time I had the honor of carrying a niimlier of the now millionaires of Portland, among them II. W. Corliett, 
 
 John Oreeii and IIeiir\- Leonard: and also, at one time, after arrival of the steamer .-it .Astoria from San praiicisco, I look iiji a 
 
 number of the schoolmarms who came out from the Hast to leach in the schools of ( Ircgoii. Porlliiiid, at that lime, was ji small 
 
 tow ■ and we iiiaile a short slay there, and proceeded (Ui toward Oregini City, making <Mir last landing just lielow llie rapids. I'roni 
 
 here .ur passengers had to walk over a rough road, and ofleiilimes through iiiinl and rain, to the ferry crossing. The l.illlf Coliimhia 
 
 had her ilay, and shortly afterward the /,(>l H'hitt'iinih made her appearance, with Capt J, C. .\inswortli in cominand, and Jacob 
 
 Kainin as engineer. .And then large and small steamers began to increase and niulliply. por a nnmlicr ol years, during which time 
 
 I was residing in .Australia. I lost sight ol the sleamboat busine.-s in Oregon, but, 011 my return to reside again in the Webfoot 
 country in 1.S72, I found the rivers alive with boats of all descriptions, and once more look to the 
 river, entering into the service of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, of which Capt. J. C. 
 .Aiiiswdrth was the moving spirit, reiiiaiiiiiig willi that conipaiiy during its ownership and then 
 Irausferriiig to the Oregon Railway iV Navigation Company, and afterward to the I'liion Pacific, till 
 within the last year or two, having served at times on nearly every boat owned by these i-oinpanies, 
 ,.^_,--^^fc rnnning on the Portland and Cascades and Porll.'ind and Astoria routes. Though it is a number of 
 
 jr ]^^L year:! since the ll'iilr ll'rs/ and the A'. A'. T/iom/'Siiii, models of comfort and elegance, first made 
 
 w ^^9 their ap|ie.irance. during the Ainsworth management, I believe I am warranted in saying that 
 
 JF ^tf^^t nothing liner or Heeler has been placed on the river since. 
 
 ^^ ''>.^^B " '" conclusion, 1 would say that steamboaling is ' not now what it used io W(t.s/ 
 
 Dan <r.\l:ll. 
 
 HKKKVMAN JC.NNINC.S 
 
 his a.ssociates. 
 
 The glory of the first steamer, (.'o/iiiiihi<i. had not yet begun to fade when the 
 steamer Lot W'liilcomb, a much more pretentious boat, was launched on Christmas 
 Day, iSso, during a tremendous jollification meeting at Milwaukie. She was named in 
 honor of the founder of Milwaukie, and was commanded by Capt. William I,. Hanscome, 
 W. H. H. Hall, pilot, Jacob Kainm, engineer. Her original owners were S. S. White, 
 Berryman Jennings and I,ot Whitcomb. She was a commodious sidewheeler, 160 feet 
 long, 24 feet beam, 3 feet 8 inches depth of hold, with wheels 18 feet in diameter. Her 
 machinery had been brought out from New Orleans, to be placed in a boat on the 
 Sacramento, but on arriving there it was bought, before it was unloaded, by White and 
 Capt. J. C. Ainsworth had come out from St. Louis to run the steamer on the Sacramento at a 
 
mss 
 
 i 
 
 ,V* Lewis cf Drydrn's Marinv History of fhv Pacific Norihwvst 
 
 salary of S.VX' Ji nionth, l>ul was iiitluced hy Whitconih to come to Orej;oii. By tht* tiint the steamer was ready \\v 
 had ever $2,000 wages due. for which he was given stock in the Company. When Lot Whitcoinl) secured thi 
 machinery in San Francisco, he employed Jac(»l) Kamm to come to Oregon and place it in the boat, giving him a 
 salary of $4<k) per month. The boilers came in twenty-one pieces, and, as there n'ere no boiler-makers in Oregon at 
 that time. Kamm and his b.Llper, a man named lUakesly. were obliged to put them together unaided, as well as to 
 n^ake the tools i!t?cessary for the task. After completing the sieamer, W'hitcoinb and his colleagues sold stock to 
 a great many people in the vicinity. Among the buyers were Robert Newel! of Champocg, who invested S2.<xx), 
 and Sydney \V. Mt)ss of (^regon City, S.>."ou. Other purchasers were Robert CanfieUl, Hiram Clark, Aianson 
 Heers and Jacob Hiuisaher of Oregon City. Thomas Hubbard oi Vaiuhill. and Walter Poiuery of Rolk County. 
 
 >i lAMi i-t ■■ l.m* Willi" 
 
 1-'|01!I iill C.I.I ttl.lW Uiy 
 
 Whitcomb then oiTered the remaining interest in the boat to Kamm. wh'> was running as engineer, but he 
 refu.sed it, and ' was transferred to Capt. J. C. Ainsworth. who took coinnun\i. Kanim reni...;iing in charge of 
 the engines, whi.e John H. Jackson. ' who is still living at I-'mpire Cit\ . ser\e(' as mate. The /.o( \\'hiitomb\^ first 
 
 •■'Jacob Kaiiini wa'^ltorti in SwiL/.t-rlainl in i.s^;^. ami came to lliis counlry when (jnile younjf. lie bail a tboronj^b training; as 
 a inaohinist. anci soon after bis arrival in the I'niied Slates secureil a position as enj;ineer on the .Mississippi. He remained Iheri' 
 several >ears and in is,|tj ioined llie tide of ininii^ralion then rushin<j to California. Soon after arriving; he con.meticed his I'acific 
 Coast career liy rnnni?:^ the hitio steamer /i/i!.-kha:ck on ilu- Sacramento River. She was towinj^ mostly, and Kamm had a crew 
 consistin.ij nl .:'.e sailor and .ni enj^iiuer, ;'i]d ib.e three of them ])nl in fall time patebini; the leaky boiler while the iuial was not 
 in motion. In .\ii.t;'.'st. 'Ssci, I.ot \Vhitcoml) wa". in Sa'. I'ranciseo. awaitinj^ the arrival of the machinery for the new slfanier bnildinj^ 
 on .lie \\'dlanu'tte. He employed Kamm lt> return wit.' him In Oregon and plaie the niacbinery in llie vessel. .\ft..T (ompletin); 
 ihe work Kamm continued on lier as enidrieer f.iUil she w*'^ sold and taken l<t San I'rancisoi, He snl)se<|nently bnill llie first 
 slernwlieel steamer constnu'ted ;:: '.irej.jon. tlie ////.'/V C/^iiA': hen, \\itb Captain Ainsworlh, be bnill the steamer ( i/M/*' /.lufit 
 
 tlie keystone U\ wliat was desti led lo he om.' of the most p.twerfii! and proliv tide corporalitnis that 
 
 ever existed. Trom tin- small lej^inninj^ made b\ ibis 'onijiaralivelv insignificant steamer s])r.uij.; 
 
 i " -' li;*' fuion Tran;.porlation Coni,tany. tlu Oregon Steam N'aviKalioii Company, the ( trei;on Railway 
 
 vS: N>'vii;ati<M; Ccnipaiiv, ,and l.ie allieil orv;ani/ations thai assisted in piliu),' up colossal fortunes for 
 the st..,kbolders. When all ipposition had been subsidized or sipielched, and the ( hej^on Steam 
 Navii^ation Ctnnpanv bad -succeeded the rnion Transp(trtati":i Company. K. K, 'riionipson and 
 j.!' (»!' Kai ;m were the lari.;est individual slocklndder'^. Kamm, dii'inu the early davs of the 
 iMMiipanv, ran as enj^iiieer on the boats. Inil as the business expanded be was made cliief enyineet 
 t>t the lleet and rclircil from ti * water. All lliis linie he had been steaibly ^mwinj^ rich, as the 
 r.'su'.l of outsicle investments, and did not pay miu-li attention to the liiealest Meallh-prothieer in 
 bis p isses'.ii.n, bis Oreyon Steam Nnviiiation .sldck ; ami, when he was convinced that a powerful 
 coinpetinii companv was about to eonnnence business, he rehtctantiy sold out at a nominal tlynre, 
 losin;,' several hnndrud thousand dollars by the transaction. He afterward bnill and operated 
 
 juite a number of ste.uners oji his own aeeoiint. and at the jireseiit time owns all or ; 
 
 nlroll 
 
 interest in tlie steamers /.niiiin\ f'lhfinr, (\t\iu //'< 
 
 in^ 
 
 was at one lini.' owner of the ill fated steamsh 
 
 Steam Navij^ation boats, was interested in the steamers /'.V/'. Sntf^t 
 
 .\',nw,7. MttS(\)(, /'.(/(.'fV/Vr and others, lit 
 . .V. Il'n>^/tf. and, in addi'inn to the ()re>;nii 
 
 id A'/.-w/. While Mr 
 
 Kamm has amassed an immense fortune in other jinrsnils, lie has always retaiiu d enonj;h interest 
 in his old vocation to keep himself well posted in every detail of the business, ,ind there are few 
 men who kmnv as nnich about the many iletails of the sleamlmal business as Jacob Kamm. He 
 is still livin^i in Tortland, and has one son. Cajil, Charles T. Kamm. who lias a]>parently 
 inherited his father's steamboalinj^ pnadivities. 
 
 JilEIN n. lAi-KSON 
 
 'John H. Jackson, one 
 
 r the first mates on the steamer /.<>/ H'hittoiiih, was born in Itosto 
 
 He came to llie I'aeitie Coast in iSjt), and first worketl on the Sacramento River at a 
 salary of fy^i^- per m<nith. He kit there for Milwaukie in the winter of 1.S50, and in the spring; went as mate on the U'hiicofub. 
 
 eavinj; bt 
 
 lO ta.." cmnmaud of the bark /.ii/i\ii/in<\ He i.ui ibis vessel until iS^^, and then bought the bark . Inn Sniifh, taking 
 
 ^ 
 
Di'ivlopmt'iit uf Local Marliw Traffic, Builtfimj nf St> am ami Sailing V"ssvh 
 
 31 
 
 •r was ready liv 
 111) secured tlu' 
 :, giving him a 
 rs in Oregon at 
 i, as well as to 
 s sold stock to 
 ivested 82,000, 
 .Mark, Alansoii 
 I'olk Coiiiitv. 
 
 % 
 
 neer, but Ik- 
 in charge of 
 
 'liitioiiib's first 
 
 iii^h triiiiiiii^ ;t.-, 
 rein.-iiiu'ii llierf 
 n't'd liis I'acirK 
 in h.iil a crew 
 tuial was iiol 
 iiiifr Imildiii^ 
 
 WX inlllplelitlf; 
 
 liiiilt tlie lirsl 
 
 ( 'ill III- I. ,1,1,1. 
 
 rpiiraliiiii.s tliat 
 
 slfaiiuT spr;m^ 
 
 regoii Uailwa\ 
 
 .sal forliiiies fen 
 
 Ort'^im vSti'itiii 
 
 riiciiii|is(in am! 
 
 ilays uf Ihc 
 
 liiif eiij^iiit'er 
 
 iiK rioli, as till- 
 
 Ui-proilm-LT ill 
 
 hat ji powerful 
 
 iiiiiiial figure. 
 
 anil (iperate.i 
 
 ,'1 controlling: 
 
 id others. Ill 
 
 to tile Orcpm 
 
 /. While Mr 
 
 M^li interesi 
 
 1 llu're are few 
 
 li Kainni. lie 
 
 appareiitlv 
 
 C'ACT J. C. .XINSWOKTII 
 
 l>nni in Itoston 
 ilo River at a 
 
 lie tl hilcomb. 
 
 '^iiiilli, taking 
 
 work was on the Astoria route, making two trips each week. Soon after this service was inaugurated, she ran 
 
 on the rocks opposite Milwaukie, carrying away wheel, wheel-house and guard, and tearing a hole in her litdl. 
 
 She coiitinu.-d on the lower river, connecting at Rainier with the Cowlitz River Canoe and liiteau line, aixl 
 
 carried considerable freight and many passengers. Having very 
 
 good power 1 17 .\ S4 inch single engine', she made a fine towboat, 
 
 and handled nearly all the sailing vessels that came up the 
 
 Columbia. She was an expensive boat to run, however, and in 1.S.S4 
 
 was .sold to the California Steam Xavigation Company, and on 
 
 August 1 2th steamed out over the bar in command of Capt. (ieorge 
 
 I'lavel, Outside she was picked up by the steamship /',\i,>iii,t 
 
 and towed to S.iii iMancisco, Captain .\insworth going down with 
 
 her. The trip was rough and she reached her destination with three 
 
 feet of water in the hold. On the Sacramento her name was 
 
 changed to the .Imii, .lb,rii,iliy. and she ran regulaily for many 
 
 years between Sacramento and San Franci,sco. 
 
 The first .Ami rican steamship to cross into the Columbia 
 
 was ine old Cniv.'iii,-. which entered in June, a few weeks ahead of 
 
 the (ii'liiliiiiili r. guierailv credited with lieing the pioneer. The 
 
 CiiiW/iif was in command of Captain Wood, witli R. Oaksmith. 
 
 pnr.ser. She carried the first Tnited States mail received by way 
 
 of the Isthmus. 
 
 The steamship C'Uiliiint, r. ■ which was brouj^ht up ni the 
 
 fidl from San Francisco, was .sold by her owners to the proprietors of 
 
 the I'lirtlanil townsite and a few outside individuals who s\ibscribed 
 
 small amounts. Tweiitv mie tb.ousand dollars was paid down, and 
 
 tor the remaining tliin\ -nine thousand. ColVin. I.ownsdale and 
 
 Chapman i;ave their joint nnles. They were forced into this 
 
 venture bv the enterprise of Lot Whitcomb, \\ ho ran his steamer from Milwaukie to Astoria, ignoriui; Portland. 
 
 and. for a time, refusing to stop there at all. Captain Hall and N. 1'. nennison. |)art owners iii \\\m C,oUiJiHiilii\ 
 
 were made capta > and clerk respectively. The steamer carried several cargoes of Oregon products to San 
 
 Francisco, and ga\ I'nrtland such a boom that even Whitcomb was obliged to recognize the new city, and his 
 
 steamer fiiialU- ran no fn tlier up the river than the present metropolis. The captain and clerk on the C,,'l,ihuHl,)\ 
 
 in consideration of a liberal bonus, solil out their interests to minority stockholders in -^an l'"rancisco, and the 
 
 steamer was taken to Tehuantepec and sold. This left Portland 
 without a steamship, and the proprietors without the money they 
 bad paid for her. 
 
 Among the sailing \essels trading in Xorthwestern waters 
 during 1S50 was the old brig (ii,>ii;r l\m,r\ . which afterward enjoyed 
 the distinction of taking out the first coasting license issued on 
 I'ngi't Sound, at Olympia, \o\embcr 10. i.ssi. The /■.'»/< rr arrix'ed 
 
 her to Central .\nieiiea, where he sold her. Retiirnill).; to .s>all I'raneiseo, he 
 went to the iniiU'S. In the sjniiii; of iSss he took up a elaiin on Shoalwater 
 H.'iy. living' there niuil 1S56, when he aj;ain relumed to .Sau h'raneiseo and ran 
 ou the sleanier ll,llll„i,l to I'oos II. ly. He was one of the lirsl pilots on llie 
 Coos 11. ly h.ir, and h,is lieell ill I'oiuniand at dillerent limes since of llle tiii^s 
 /■',;ir/,ss and . l//i/i,i, and Ihe sleaii" s S,it,-llil,\ i:, iHht and others. He is still 
 livin.i; at l\uipire Cily. 
 
 ''Thv (,',>/, //iitn/i I .ifierw!. ! came into the possession of the t'.overn- 
 luent, and her uaiue was chau ..■■! to the .l,ti:;\ MuteriiiL; the !.;eodelic 
 service, she sni\e\ed Shoalwa'.r R.iy iis far hack as in iSs2. In 1S5S she 
 was sur\e\ in,!.; 011 I'niicl Sonnd, and assisted iu landing I'liited Slates troops 
 ou Sau lui'.n l-Iand In !S6o she made a survey of Cray's Harbor, ,iuil shortly 
 afterward jiassed into ihe h,iuds of the California, ( Ireijon X: Me\iio Sleaniship 
 Company illolladay's line), coulinuini; to 11111 on Ihe Norlheru routes until 
 she was finally wrecked. In I Shj she was in Ihe ni.iil service hclweeli San 
 I'raucisco and Victoria under a heavy snhsid\- fioin ilie llrilish ('.overnim-nl. 
 .She wa>. then in cointnauil of Ca])t. Ch.arles 'riioru. Iiilinan, purser. Other 
 well-known captains who had eh,iiye of her were Windsor, Scludl, I-"lo\d, 
 llewill. Hall, :Mackie and l,yous. The old sUaiiu r came lo an untimeh 
 cud 1. 11 Jnuc ,s, 1S70, 111 coiiiin,iU'l of Ciplaiti Lyons, who sncceedi'd Ca]it.iin 
 .Sherwood, who was drowned olT the coast of fapau a few inonihs later. .She 
 w.is (•}! r,>u/t' from .San I'rancisco l.» Vii-toria. and during a dense fo^ slruck a 
 rock twenty Iwo miles .ioiilli of Cajie Mendocino. .\s soon as the accident 
 happened she Iiej^an making water \er\ fasl. and was inimedialeb- lu-aded for 
 shore Before re.ichinji there she settled ^o rapidly that the lireinell were 
 knee deep in water when she .mounded on the heach. She had on hoard 177 p,isseii(;ers. all of whom were safely landed, and 
 lakcii to Sau h'raueisco h\ the steamer / id /'Ac. The value of the car^o w,is ahoui ;fii«i,ooo, and nearly oue-half of it was saved, 
 despite the assaults of the land |iiralcs living near hv, who had to he kejil olf wiih sliolf.'niis. The <,',>/illii(iif,i w: s linilt at 
 New York iu [S|y. and was sm tons hnideii. ller dimensions were : l,eu>;th, i7Jleet: hcam, J7 feel : depth, iii leel. 
 
 J.wnii Kamm 
 
wm 
 
 32 
 
 Lewis cf Oryden's Marine History of thu Pacific Northwest 
 
 \ ll 
 
 1 i 
 
 : I 'h; 
 
 .^_,'r -■ 
 
 .it Olympia in July in command of Capt. Lafayette Batch, bringing a cargo of general inercliandise. Not likiiijr 
 the place, he went to Steilacooni and .set up a ready-made house which he had on board, giving that town its start. 
 The brig was taken back to San Francisco by his mate, Capt. Iv. S. I'owler, '' who continued in command fur 
 
 .several years. The British .schooner Albion laid her.self liable to 
 American customs laws by touching at Dungeness for a cargo of 
 timber. She was .seized by Collector Adair of Astoria on charges of 
 entering without reporting, and committing depredations on public 
 lands. She was taken to Steilacooni, but after receiving a warning 
 was released. The Albion WdS in command of Captain Urotchie, from 
 whom Brotchie's Ledge, off Victoria harbor, received its name. Slie 
 had slow work securing a cargo, as entries in her log show that she 
 frequently loaded but one stick of timber per day, most of the.se being 
 sixty and seventy feet long. The American schooner Pleiiulcs took a 
 load of lumber from Olympia in May, and the brig Kobot lio-arii a 
 similar cargo in June. The bark Franris mid /.oiiisc arrived at Portland 
 from New York with general merchandi.se, having among her freight 
 a stock of goods consigned to Henry W. Corbett. Regular vessels 
 plying between the Columbia and San Francisco were the bark (T(wi,v 
 and Maiilia, of Astoria, brigantine Piidinonl. the brigs foaqiiina. Sopliia. 
 Anna E. Maine, and others. The Shoahvater Bay oyster trade had 
 evidently commenced, for the schooner Columbia. Captain Phillips, left 
 that point with six hundred baskets of oysters on beard. 
 
 The I'mpcjua River received a visit in November from the 
 ,^ .schooner Samuel Roberts, which was the first oceangoing craft to entt r. 
 
 She was followed the same year by the schooner Ortolan. Captain 
 RacklifT, ■ and the .schooner Minerva. Captain Toner. At \'ictoria the 
 Cadboro. Heaver and other vessels belonging to the Hudson's Bay Company were engaged in regular coasting 
 trips, and in March their ship Norman Morrison arrived from London with eighty emigrants. The sloop-of war 
 Falmouth. Commander Pettigrove, touched at Astoria and spent some time in the river. 
 
 A very good pilot service was maintained on the Columbia bar and river this year. In addition to the pilots 
 running in the Mary Taylor the year previous, Capt. Alfred Crosby ' gave up command of his coasting vessel and 
 went to work on the bar. Two branch licenses were i.ssued to river pilots in 1.S511, the first to Capt. George 
 Flavel, who ran en the (ioldliunter. and the other to Capt. Philip Johnson," who was handling sailing vessels 
 up and down the Columbia and Willamette rivers. 
 
 Cai't. William K. Racklipf 
 
 ■'Capt. K. .S. rowlerwas born in I.ubec, Maine, November 19, iSn. lie 
 came to tlie Pacific Coasl in 1849 as master and pari owner of the bark Onoddy 
 Hell, wliicb he sobl in ,San I'rancisco, ami went to rn)j;el .Sonml us nnile on llie 
 briji Geort^e /unery in 1S50. On lier retnrn to San i'rancisoo be was j;iven 
 comniancl, bnt soon after lefi the Emery ami pnrcbaseil an interest in the topsail 
 schooner Cynosure, taking her to the Sonnil in |S,S2. In i.Ss^ he went Hast, ami 
 on his retnrn to the Coasl bf>n^hl the pilol schootier A'. />'. Potter in San I'ranciseo 
 and look her to the Sonml in iSs(. The Potter was a very speedy i-rali, and 
 Captain I'owler made considerable money with her before steamboats beeanu- 
 nunierons in the North. In the latter part of the lifties he retired from the water 
 and entered the mercantile biLsiness. lie hebl at various times a nninlier of terri- 
 torial and connty offices, and clied, nniversally respected, November 27, i,S76, 
 aged 63 years. 
 
 "'■ Capl William !•; RacklifT, who was with his father on the schooner 
 Ortolan, the second vessel to enter tlie rinpi|iia, was born in Portland. Maine, in 
 1S34, ami bejjan going to sea with his father when a boy. Tlie\- canie round to the 
 Coast in 1S49 in the Ortolmi. a stanch twnniasled vessel of seventy-fonr tons 
 burden. 'I'tie schooner continued in the trade between the t'lnpitua and San 
 I'ranciseo until 1S52, when she was .sold to San I'ranciseo parlies. In iK.ii.S the 
 Rackliffs constructed the schooner '/':oin .Sisters at .Scottsliurg, running her until 
 1S65. Tliev iie\l built the steamer .Uary. the fust ste.'i ner to run o'.i the Co(|uille. 
 Tliev operated her a year ami llieii removed the machinery and sold the hull. 
 The Coritelia was their next veiitnr" (see wreck Coidetia), ami after disposing of 
 her retired and ilevoted theniselves to ranching for a time, and in 1.S7S built tlie 
 sle.amer Little .hniie. which they sold some years later. 
 
 '"Capt. .\lfred Crosby, one of the best known of the early jiilols, was born 
 in Brewster, Mass., in 1S24, and came rtaind to the Pacific in the bitter part of the 
 forties, .\fter running in tlie coasting trade for a short time he settled in Astoria 
 about 1850, and soon after began piloting on the bar, following this vncati<ui 
 almost continuously until the time of his cleatli, which occurred at .Astoria, .\i>ril 
 ,V', 1S71. He was for many years niiister on the famous old pilot schooner Cati- 
 foenii. and his name will always be inseparably connected with early piloting 
 and navigation off the inoulli of the Columbia. 
 
 ^'Capt. Philip Johnson is now the oldest living pilot oil the Columbia River. He .-urived here about IS. 
 began running on the river. He received his branch w itliin a few mouths after Captain b'lavel w as apiiinnted 
 service \\y to the present time. .As Captain l-'lavel retired from the ranks a little while after rei-ei\iii^' his lice 
 others who began piloting shortly after Captain lohuson's a)ipointiiient have since joineil the sileil major 
 saiil with tnilli that he has successfully |idcitecl more deep water vessels between Portland ami .Astoria tli.iu an 
 
 Cait. run.. Johnson 
 
 19, ami 
 
 ill a s 
 
 lort tiiii' 
 
 ami has been 
 
 in 
 
 aclivt 
 
 ■tise, an 
 
 1 as J 
 
 11 
 
 of th. 
 
 itv, it I 
 
 an pi( 
 
 ibi 
 
 blv b. 
 
 y man 
 
 IVlllg 
 
 
 
 Til 
 
 /* 
 
■^ 
 
 t. Not liking 
 , town its start. 
 1 command for 
 i^rsclf liable to 
 
 for a cargo of 
 a on charges of 
 tions on public 
 ing a warning 
 
 Hrotcliie. fnmi 
 its name. Slie 
 
 show that she 
 : of these being 
 Pleiades took a 
 Rohcit Hourti a 
 ved at Portland 
 3ng her freight 
 Regular vessels 
 he bark Gcorj^c 
 mqiihia. Sophia. 
 yster trade had 
 in Philli])S, left 
 1. 
 
 iul)er from the 
 g craft to enter. 
 hiolan. Captain 
 At Victoria the 
 egular coasting 
 he sloop-ofwar 
 
 ion to the pilots 
 
 iting vessel and 
 
 ) Cajit. George 
 
 sailing vessels 
 
 in a sliorl luii' 
 
 Is liiin ill activi 
 
 |i(l IIS all of 111' 
 
 •an prc)liahl> tn 
 
 lining. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Tin. 
 
 STE.VMKR.S Ml'I.TNOM.MI," ■' C.VNICJtAH," 
 
 Flint" on the MiDni.u Coi.iMiii.v — TiiK 
 '■ \Vii.L.\MKTTij "— Co.\L MiNiNi; St.vrtki) at Fokt Rii-KKT— Thk Stkamship 
 ; Vknkraiu.k " Goi.iah "— The Fir.st Coastinc. License Issued on Pitget 
 SotNi)—" Exact" Arrives at Ai.ki Point with Founders ok Seattle— Change ok Ownership 
 IN Vessels— Lo.ss or the Steamship "General Warren "—The Pacific Mail Kstahlishes 
 
 Fir.st .Steamer on the Upper Willaimictte — The 
 "Washington" and " Hi.ackhawk "— The "Ja.mes P 
 Iron Propeller 
 " Columhia" — Th 
 
 Headouarters at St, 
 Coasting Fleet — The 
 I'OR Violation oi- 
 " Bordeaux " and 
 
 Helens— Oyster Schooners in Shoalwater Bay- Additions to the 
 "Susan Sturgis" Seized bv the Indians — Steamship "Beaver" Seized 
 
 Revenui 
 " Marie.' 
 
 I.Aws — Loss oi- THE Bark " Lord Raglan," and the Brigs 
 
 VIvAR 1.S51 witnessed the advent of half a dozen steamboats, among which was the Ifoosier, the 
 first .steamer operated above the Willamette Falls. This ve.s.sel was a small craft, having been 
 built from a sliip's longboat, lengthened out and supplied with :i pile-driver engine and boiler. 
 She was a sidewheeler and was commanded by Captain Swain George Pease was pilot and 
 purser. She ran for a long time between Canemah and up-river points and made some money for 
 her owners. A good idea of the size of the /foosier can be gained from a statement made by 
 one of her crew, who says that when she broke 
 her shaft one day, four miles below Salem, the 
 engineer and a deckhand carried it back to the 
 ^ city to have it welded. The diminutive /foosier 
 
 was followed on the upper river by the steamer U'as//ii/i;/on, 
 
 which Capt. Alexander Sinclair Murray ' had brought up from 
 
 San Francisco on the bark Si/eeess. Murray was one of the 
 
 ' .Mcxaiulcr .Sinclair Murray was Ijoni in Scotland in 1S27. Upon 
 reaching lllc age ol' fourteen lie entered a lawyer's ollice. lea\ ing it 
 eighteen nioiulis later to sail for .Australia, wlicre, alter his .arrival, he 
 worked with ;i hrolher until the news of the Calitnniia i^'cild discoveries 
 reached him, when he set sail lor the I'A Dorado of the ila\ , reaching .San 
 I'raucisi'o in .April, iS-iy. Alter reiuainin^ there ten days, he chartered 
 a ship's loii^d)oat and he.yaii husiiicss on the .Sacramento, extdiaiij^iuj^ 
 his first craft for a larj^er one after m.ikinj; a lew trips. With llie inone\' 
 made in this \entiire he hou^^lit a 175-ton liri^. and sailed lor .S\diiey 
 via IlonohiUi. On the return trip the liriK called at Xaviuator's Island, 
 
 ' ' " ■ had no insurance 
 
 and in getting away from there was wrecked. y\\\ 
 
 on the vessel, .\fter remaining at I'poln forty days he retunieil to Sydney, 
 
 arrixiu^ at the Hay City on .\u>^ust 
 
 going from there to .San I'ra 
 
 9th. I'rom there he went to I'ortl.iiul on the schooner f 'iiit/ia in Si-i) 
 
 tenilx 
 
 id 
 
 .pel 
 
 It th 
 
 e winter at Saleni. K"niK helow in tlie sprin>j : 
 
 purcliasiug the U\xs/iitii;liiH, which he l>iouj;iit up on the Sii 
 placed ahove the falls. lie snlisenuently hiiijl the steJimer /*io //,/;/(/ and 
 was interested in the sidcwheel steamer ll'iilhiiiif'. lie also owned 
 sh.ires in the steamers (,'ti~e//i\ /•'iileif') ise. A'.r/i/vcN and Oii:,;iii/. The 
 
 Kraser River miiiine excitement lured IMur 
 
 ,av from the Columhia 
 
 id Willamette rivers, and he limit the steamer t-\iiti>io> lii 
 
 Victoria, the first constructed in Mrilish Columhia Tlie foil 
 
 //i'A/s at 
 
 owinii year. 
 
 in company with the late William Irving, he constructed the steamer 
 
 Cohmcl Mo.hly. Hi; 
 
 villi; dispi 
 
 igain asserting itself. Captain 
 
 Ai.K.\.\NnKK Sinclair Mckr..vv 
 
 1 photos taken lU Oregon City In 1S53, and at Syilney. N.S. W,. 
 
 Murray disposeil of his interests to his associates and with the proceeds 
 purchased the bark .SVi; Xyiiif'li, 2.(0 tons, and set sail for Melhounie, 
 where, on arrival, he solil the hark and lieKau steanilioaliu^; 011 the .Murrav Kiver. His first hoal, the Siillr 
 
 in 1S61. He followed it with the l.,iJy l>a/v in iS(i2 and the l.,ii/r Ihiili 
 
 Zealand, where he linilt the 'riinpi- Ka. .Sin 
 
 «i,' in i.Sfi.i. lie tin 
 
 ajipeared on the riv 
 
 vent to the Clutlia Kiver 
 
 leaving the Northwest. Murray has invested about Jjihi.oihi in the 
 
 in Ne 
 
 iteainers. He took a very importuiit pari in the early marine business of our ilomain, and tlie Nortliwest 
 enterprise. lie is at present ruiiniiiK one of his steamers out of Sydney, New South Wales. 
 
 construction of 
 owes much to his 
 
 * 
 
»y^Wf ^' 
 
 i 
 
 34 
 
 Lewis cj Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 'I'HK STKAMMK ■ Mri.TNOMAll " 
 
 At foot ol Washinjjtoii Street. I'ortlaiid, Or.. iR.^.t 
 
 most noted characters who had yet appeared in marine circles in the Northwest, and for several years after his 
 arrival was regarded as the king of the steamboat fraternity. He purcha.sed the IVas/iiiigton' on the vSacramenlo 
 River, and on getting her above Willamette Falls he ran her between Canemah and the Yamhill River, making 
 the first trip June 6tli. As she did not prove profitable in this trade he brought her down the following year 
 
 and operated her on the Portland and 
 Oregon City route, where she r.in 
 until the Portland, a steamer built and 
 owned by Murray and the late John 
 Torrence, took her place. 
 
 The H'asliiiii^loii was followed 
 by the Mnl/iiomali,' a steamer which 
 retained her prestige for a greater 
 length of time than any other of the 
 pioneers. She was I)uilt in the Ivist 
 and sent out in sections, and was 
 called the "barrel boat," becau.se she 
 was constructed with stave-like tim- 
 bers. They unloaded her at Oregon 
 City in June, and in the fall, after 
 receiving the finishing touches, she 
 was put into .service between Canemali 
 and Corvallis. .She was the first boat 
 U) ascend the river as far as Corvallis. 
 and enjoyed quite a profitable trade 
 for a time. fre(|uently bringing down 
 from one thousand to fifteen hundred 
 bushels of wheat at a trij). Following the Midliioinah on the upper Willamette River came the Of«c///(///.' a 
 sidewheeler, with a bluff bow and square stern. She had the mail contract between Oregon City and Corvallis. 
 and Nathaniel Coe was the first (lostal agent. The steamer fUack-liaick. a little iron propeller, brought from the 
 Sacramento on one of Abernethy's sailing vessels, arri\i.(l in the spring of 1.S51 and entered the passeii,i;er trade 
 between I'ortUiiul and Oregon City, where she proved a money-maker for her owners. 
 
 The first steamboat on the middle river, the James P. Flint, appeared this year. Slie was built at the Cascades 
 bv the Bradfords and Van Bergen, and after her completion she was hauled up over the Cascades to run to The 
 
 ' Tile steamer IFajA/Hji^/oH, after rimiiiiiK above the falls, was taken l)eU)\v, ami jilied lielwcen Tortlanil ami ()reK<"ii l-'i>.''- 
 In lite sprinj^ of 1.S53 she was taken above the falls a^ain, btit only remained a few months. .She was onee more sent below in July. 
 )5oiiig thence to the Umpcjua River, where William II. Troiip, the father of Captains James and Cland Tronp, went willi her a- 
 engineer. 
 
 ^ The steamer Multnonuih was shipped from the ICast in sections on the bark 
 SniiYSS, Capt. William Irving. She was sent by Captain Hissell, Doctor Maxwell. 
 Doctor tlray and others, landed at Oregon City in June, 18.^1, and, after rem. lining 
 a short time on the njiper river, was witlidrawn in May, |,S,S2. and taken aronnd the 
 
 falls to run between Portland ami Oregon City. In the fall she was put on the ^^ 
 
 Portland and Cascade route, in comnntml of Captain b'aimilerov. In 1S,=;,^ she w.as 
 again placed on the Oregon City run in charge of Capt. Richard Iloyt. Sr. The next 
 year Captain Hrtyt bought her anil put her on the .-\storia route, where she carried 
 the mail. He retained tlie ownership of the steamer until his death, in 1S62. It « is 
 on this craft that the jjopular Ca]>t. Richard Iloyt of the present day rectiwd hiseaily 
 lessons in steamboating. I'nder Iloyt's ownership she ran jirincipally on the lower 
 river, but occasionally made trii)s to other ])laces, a portion of the time tonchinii .it 
 Vancouver <•« ii>n/i' to and from .\storia. In i.S^i) she was chartered and ojieralcd a 
 short lime on the Oregon City route by Captain Molthroii. On the death of Captain 
 Movl she was sold to the Oregon Steam Navig.ation Compan\, ami in 1S64 turned her 
 wheel for the h-ist time, her machinery being removed in that y ear. She was a speedy 
 little siilewheeler, one hundred feet in length, built of Jersey oak with a b.irrel hnli, 
 which required no caulking. During the first year of her existence the run friun 
 Portland to \'ancouver was made in one liour and twenty minutes, a reconl that has 
 not been hciten by many of the later-day boats, .\mong the c.ipt.ains in coniimuid 
 during her career were : John II. Couch, Richard Iloyt. Sr., II. I,. Iloyt, John McNulty . 
 William Molthrop, ,ind I'auiUlerov. Her pursers were M. H. Millet, J. M. (lilinan, 
 J. M. Ilreck, Richard Iloyt, Jr., ami others. 
 
 ^ The steamer Canenitilt, which ilistinguished herself by furnishing the first 
 steamboat explosion in Oregon, was built at Canemah in 1S51 by Capt. .\. 1". Hedges, 
 Capt. Charles lleunett 1 killed by the Indians in iS.i.sl, .Uauson Heers, Ilaniilton 
 Campbell and John McClosky, the latter an old Mississippi pilot, who took her 
 through the cut-olf so well known by his name. She was the fourth boat on the 
 ui)per river, .\bout this time Nathaniel Coe of New York was sent to this Ctmst as 
 postal agent. He made the steamer his heaihiuarters, and used to sort the mails on 
 the way u|) ami down the river. Here it was that his sons, Lawrence, I'rank anil 
 Ilenrv, actjiiired their taste for stejiudio.ating. The Canrniati exploded a line on 
 the sill of August, 1S53, near Cliampoeg, scalding to death a passenger named Marion IIol. Tufl. She had been leiigthene i tin 
 year previous ami up to the time c)f the exi)losion enjoyed a lucrative business. .After the i\vit'niah had servetl the purpn e i*' 
 McCloskv ft al . she passed into the hands of .\insworth. Cole, Swil/.er, Pease and one or two others. Theodore Wygant, wlii Ii.i- 
 been with her .is purser, took command, ran her iluriiig '52 and '53, and was succeeded by Capt. George R. Cole. .She was iji '"" 
 long, nineteen feel beam, and four feet depth of hold. 
 
 C \IT, H. W, 11 Xri.llMA.N 
 
Steam Navigation on Upper Willamette, Rapid Growth of River Business 
 
 35 
 
 1 years after his 
 the Sacramento 
 River, making 
 following year 
 le Portland and 
 ,vhere she ran 
 earner built and 
 
 I the late John 
 ce. 
 
 II was followed 
 steamer which 
 
 ; for a greater 
 my other of the 
 uilt in the Ivast 
 •tions, and was 
 at," because sht- 
 stave-like tini- 
 1 her at Oregon 
 n the fall, after 
 [ig touches, she 
 etween Caneniah 
 vas the first boat 
 i far as Corvallis. 
 profitable trade 
 ,■ bringing down 
 o fifteen hundred 
 ■ the Cniirmali.' ;i 
 ity and Corvallis. 
 jrought from thi- 
 e passenger trade 
 
 It at the Cascades 
 les to run to The 
 
 1 :iiid Ori-K'"" ^-'ay- 
 
 lent ln-li>\v ill July, 
 went Willi Ikt :i* 
 
 \l r.HMAN 
 
 icuii leiiKthenclilit 
 vfd Uie piirpi -e •>' 
 
 e Wyn^ii'l. "■•'' I''' 
 She Wiis I j,-. I«' 
 
 Dalles, where there was an established military post. Van Bergen was captain and R. Watkins, purser. The 
 following season she was taken below the Cascades, and in September was sunk opposite Multnomah Falls, while 
 in command of Capt. George Coffin. No lives were lost, but the craft was abandoned until i.S.s,^, when she was 
 taken to Vancouver and renamed the Fashion. The steamer /.ot Wliilroiiib was still on the Astoria route, and 
 
 made an occasional trip to the Ca.scades. Among her crew during this 
 year were E. W. Baughinan,' fireman, and Hiram Brown,' deckhand. 
 The Wliilcoinb had company on the Astoria route for a while this 
 .season, the newcomer lieing the steamer Willamclle, an iron propeller 
 which i.rrived from the East with a ship's bottom built under lier. 
 The first record of this steamer on the Columbia ajipears in the fiillow- 
 ing protest, sworn to before A. \'an Du.sen at Astoria : 
 
 " IC. W. Willet, master of the .steam schooner ]i'illiiiiir/li\ nl the liiirden 
 of 390 tons or thereabout, lailened with merchandise, sailed froiii IMiiladelplua 
 on the 5tli day of .ViiHUSt last p: st, and arrived at the port of .Astoria, Orei^on 
 Territory, this tile 9th day of March, A. 11. 1.S51, and feariii),' damajjc enters liis 
 protest accordingly. (.'tinned) K. W. Wii.i.KT." 
 
 The W'illaiiicttc proved too expensive for the route at this early 
 day, and made but a few trips before she was sent to ,San Eranci.sco, 
 afterward going to China. Mr. .McDermitt, the engineer who came 
 out with her, is still living at Oregon City. 
 
 In British Columbia the Hudson's Bay ship Toiy arrived at 
 Eort Rupert from England, bringing 120 pa.s.sengers, and machinery 
 for the coal mines; but, as the industry at this point subsequenllv 
 proved a failure, the tnachinery was removed to Nanaimo, where mines 
 were opened. Another of the Hudson's Bay ships brought out a small 
 iron propeller, which was put together at \'ictoria by Capt. James 
 Cooper. Her Majesty's ship Dap/iiic was staticineil at \'ictoria the 
 greater part of the year. At this time the spasmodic steamship service 
 between Portland and San Francisco gave way vi a regular line. The old ( 'o/iuiit'ia ' was the first steamer to make 
 regular trips l)etween the two ports. She arrived at Portland on her first voyage in command of Captain I.eRoy, 
 
 Cajil. !■;. W. Han^jliman was horn in I'nltoii County, Illinois, in 1S35. and came to ()re^;<ni in i,S5m. He liej,'an his sieanilioat 
 career in i.S.si on the /.f'/ llliilcoiiih, as fireman. In i.S.s.^ he went to the middle Coliimljia and comineiiceil niiiniii!.; s.iillioats 
 between the Cascades ami The D.illes. When steam was pill on the river he was employed in the d.in,i.;eroiis luuieitakiiii^ of making; 
 the rajiids poilaiie. He remained here for three years, iliirini; which time llie I'lnalilla made her nnex])eciecl lri)iover liie C iscailes, 
 rock ill the miiMle of the river. Uan;;hman was notitietl. and resciieil the passen.i^eis in a 
 
 ..;i 111. J. t t 1 \i'i.;, 11 1 ' . ' t ... .> I. 
 
 CAI'T. Hik.vm Hhown 
 
 (llllliv j>, ....... ., 111. ..,<.'. ,,,,,. v.Li,,,,^ ,,.., iv^ ,,tv 1 vv»j.,\ -T ai,,,,.-.|iv'>Li,,i.>,, 
 
 Com]i;niy in 1S69, he went to Piigel .Sound, riinninji various boats there 
 until 1S71, after which he ran for two years in command of Wrif^lit's 
 steamer, rii/oriti. on tlie I'raser. Keturnin^ to Ore^^on in 1S7V he 
 enjja^ed with the W'ill.imetle l-"alls & Lock Conipanv, and remained in 
 ..1. r (1,..:,. 1.....1.. ,,,,«;! ii 1.1 i... < \ ^.'. c v.,..i...., :.... 
 
 charge of their boats until they sold out to the I )reHon Steam Navigation 
 Company in iSjo, this transter retnniinj; him to the service of this 
 com]Kiii> after having been out of their eniplo\- for thirteen years. He 
 was then sent to the upper Columbia, jioiui; first to The Dalles and 
 aflerwanl to I.ewistou, and has since remaiiu-d coutiiuiously in the 
 employ of the ()re>ion .Ste.uu Navij^alitni Cimipauy .-ind its successors, 
 and at ju'eseut comm.'Uids one of their steamers running out of Portlaml. 
 •'Capt. Hiram Itrown, who has probabh- had the longest contin- 
 uous service as a steamship pilot of .luy man oil the Pacific Coast, was 
 t I ,,1..... , , , s ., . ;.. I' (*.'. V \' 1. IT.. 1 
 
 ■ I I - 
 
 born December i.i, iS2,i. ill Cayiiya County, New York. He reniowd 
 to the Western Stiiles when he w.is (piile yoiiii^. and commenced his 
 marine career on the Mis..issip)ii. running out of St. I.ouis from 1X4.) to 
 iSiS. I'roni the Mississippi he *lrifled westward, and worked on the 
 Columbia on the pioneer steamer /,(>/ irfii/toinh in 1S51. He served 
 on various river steamers uulil March, 1 sj;, when he bewail pilotinj; 
 ocean steamships between Portl.iml and .-\sioria, his first cjiar^e beiii^i 
 the ill-fated /!i,illin Joiuilliiiii. lost olf Crescent City in 1S63. [le fol- 
 Icuveil his calling on this route, wilhont a vacation or loss of time, for 
 
 tHI^Jt, 
 
 Sir.AMsin 
 
 lllti'llL (I \ 111. ill.IV >l I III (I >7in <fl LII1IV7, Itri 
 
 in December, i,SS9, to enjoy the comforts of life that are cerlainlv .hie .1 ni.aii 
 
 She 
 
m?m* 
 
 36 
 
 Lewis 4 Dryclen's Marine History of the PacHic Noriliwest 
 
 \ 
 
 with Mr. French, chief engineer, and William J. Bryan," now living in San PVancisco, first assistant. Dall succeedid 
 LeRoy as master. Among the jiassengers was Henry W. Corbett of Portland. The Cohiinbia was owned l.v 
 Holland & Aspinwall, and made monthly trips. The sieainer Goliah,' whicli still bids defiance to old Father Tinu , 
 also made a few voyages between vSan Franci.sco and Portland in command of Capt. George Flavel. In April of 
 this year she left Astoria with the new steamer /.('/ M'liilcoiiib side 
 
 by side, and raced all the way to Portland, the /.('/ //'///Ai'wA beating ■ - 1 
 
 the (ioliah twenty-five minntes. The steamship Sea Gull, CaiHain , 1 
 
 Tichnor, was making two trips a month between Portland and San 
 Francisco, calling at Port Orford, Trinidad and Humboldt each way. 
 She went on the route in the summer, and ran with more or le.ss 
 regularity until the following year, when she was lost on the 
 California coast. 
 
 The commercial possibilities of Puget Sound were recogiiized 
 at this period by the establishment of a port of entry at Olympia, 
 and S. P. Moses was ap])ointed collector in February, i,S5i. Busi- 
 ness was not very acti\-e, however, and his first clearance was 
 reported November 19th. when the brig (iicrgc I'.iiuiy, Capt. ImiocIi 
 Fowler, took out a coasting licen.se ; and the same day the schooner 
 Exact, Captain F'olger. cleared for the Queen Charlotte gold fields. 
 The Hxaii arrived at Alki Point the week previous with tlie 
 founders of Seattle, A. A. Denny, J. X. Low, C. I). Boran, W. N. 
 Bell and their families, and Charles O. Terry, among her passengers, 
 ''^he Government survey schooner /Ui'iiii; spent some time on Puget 
 Sound, and the brigs U'til/iiffs/']\ Jaiiits Marshall and Leonora 
 arrived in the fall, the latter, under command of Capt. Daniel 
 Howard, coming to Alki Point shortly after the advent of the Jixad. 
 She .secured a cargo of piles at this point and departed in December. 
 
 Several vessels arrived in the Columbia from the ICastern coast this ycrr, among them the bark l-'.li~abilh 
 Allen, 208 days from New York ; the bark Francis and l.onise. 262 tons. Seth Mayo, master, with general 
 
 WK.I-IA.M J. IlKVAN , 
 
 iliKiiieer Steaiuslii]) "Coliiiiiliin ' 
 
 "William J. Bry.nu wa.s born in Massiu'luisetla in 1H26, anil servoil his apprL-ntii-eslii]) as fiiKiiifor in liosUin. Ilis first 
 experience afloat was on steamers ninnin); to tile West Indies, and in 1.S49 lie left New York on a sailiiif; vessel lionnil for California. 
 }Ie strnck out for tile gold-fields soon after liis arriv.d on tile Coast, lint met wiili siicli imlilferenl success that he soon ahandoneil his 
 .search for the precious metal and found cinployiiient ill fitting n]i the steamer Xorlli Slor, on which he .served .is engineer lietwein 
 .Sail Francisco and .Mviso. From here he went to the Colniiihiii for a short time as first assistant with Chief Ivntjiuee I'Vencli ami 
 subse(|iiently took charge, one of his assistants lieiiig John .Nation, afierwanl well known in the Northwest and at present livii)>; 
 in .Australia. Mr. Hryan continued running north in the employ of the I'acific JIail .Steamship Com))any until 1.S51); and, with llic 
 exceiilioii of a few trips made for the .same company on the Panama route, he spent the greater jjart of his time on the steamship 
 Coliiiiihia, .\fter leaving the ocean he was appointed superintendent of the IloUailay line, remaining in that cniplovment for (we 
 years, anil suhseipiently took a .-.iinilar position with the Occidental iV ( Irieutal Steamship Company, which he occupied for twelve 
 yeans, and has since lived ijuietly in San Francisco, enjoying the fruits of his many years in the marine service. 
 
 ■'The steamer (ioliiili, which for nearly half a century divided honors with the lletroer in point of .age and general utilitv, w,is 
 the second luglioat hnilt in the rnitcd States. In iS.lS Vanderbilt was doing a profitable business with some wornoiit steamers 
 
 lowing sailing vessels in and out of tlie 
 
 ,_. _. . „ ., harbor of New York: and W. II. Webb, nli 
 
 I .serving that they lost a great many ships 
 
 ' through deficient power, concluded to cmi- 
 
 strucl a boat exclusi\'el\ for towing. The 
 . l/tt-V was built first, followed bv the "ever- 
 lasting" (/o/iii/i. On her completion slic 
 was sold by Webb to parties who intemlcil 
 her for the .Sacramento River trade. The 
 new owners hec.nne involved fiuancialh-, .■im! 
 the (I'olitih w.is jiut in charge of the marslnl, 
 who awoke one morning to fiud himself "ii 
 llie way to California. The steamer h ul 
 slippe I away without any coal, and li\ :i 
 scratch managed to reach St. Thomas, wluri- 
 she secured fuel .and provisions. On <arri^al 
 at San iMancisco she was lengthened mul 
 ran as a ])assenger boat on the S.acrame'tln 
 under the name of Defender. She was scon 
 bought otTby the conibin.ation and was llicii 
 placed fni the ocean routes. F'lavel ran \\v\ 
 up north, and she was afterward oil itu' 
 southeri! route in conimand of Capt. Ro' iTl 
 Haley, rescuing the iiassengers of the sle^iii- 
 ship Yankee lUade in the spring of i^>|. 
 which vessel w.is wrecked off I'oiiit Conu p- 
 cion on the first trip after coming ■ at. 
 She was subseiiiieiitly shortened, and ran for ni.inv \ e.ars as a towboat in .San I'ranciscf) harbor, finally passing into the hands of 'lie 
 Wrights, who again lengtheiied her and jilaced her 011 the IlumboliU route. .After a short time in this service she was abandoned nil 
 laid over on the Mission flats until i.S()4, when C.apt.ain (ii-iffilhs fixed her up as .1 towboat once more. She was bought by Fop ■ v^ 
 Talbot in 1S71, and arrived at Fort (Vamble March 22d of that year in charge of Capt. William Ilayden, who ran her for a while inl 
 was succeeded by Ca]>(aiu Noves and Capt. J. .\. McCoy, who in turn gave w.ay to Capt. S. I>. I.ibby, who remained in comni ml 
 for twelve years. F'roni the time of her arrival 011 the Sound until the tug Taeoina appeared, the Goliali towed more than li.alf of lie 
 
 Stkasikr "Goi.iAir" 
 From n late photo^ftaph 
 
■■'■ItK. 
 
 Dall succeediil 
 ivas owned liy 
 :1 Father Tinii.-, 
 1. In April of 
 
 lilinbia " 
 
 ; bark l-.li-aklh 
 r, with general 
 
 [iosloii. His first 
 1 for California. 
 I abandoned his 
 ii^ineer liL'twt't-ii 
 Fri'iu'li ami 
 It iircsi'iit living 
 anil, with tlie 
 n llie steamship 
 ploytnent for five 
 n])ied for twelvo 
 
 ■neral ntilily, was 
 
 wornont sleanit-rs 
 
 anil out of the 
 
 W. II, \Vul)h, nh 
 
 ;reat many sliijis 
 
 >nclnileil to con- 
 
 for lowitij^. 'flic 
 
 fell liy llie " ever- 
 
 ompletion slii' 
 
 ifs wlio inleii'lcii 
 
 :iver traile. Tlie 
 
 _il fiiianeially. ami 
 
 )i}^ of llie marsh i!, 
 
 I) fiiiil himself "ii 
 
 The steamer li'i'l 
 
 coal, anil In a 
 
 •t. Tliiimas, wliirt 
 
 iioiis. On arrival 
 
 leiiK'theneil ;inil 
 
 the Sacrament" 
 
 '■. She was soon 
 
 ion and was then 
 
 I'lavel ran her 
 
 ifterwaril on :lie 
 
 il of Capt. Ro' iTt 
 
 j^ers of the ste ■ai- 
 
 . spring of 1^51. 
 
 olT Point Com. |i- 
 
 "ler coming i at. 
 
 the haiiils of lie 
 
 IS alianiloneil ml 
 
 onulit liy I'op' ^ 
 
 jr for a while .ml 
 
 iieil in coiuni ml 
 
 e than half of lie 
 
 fte 
 
 S/eam Naviyation on Uppvr Willanifttt', Rapid Growth of Rivur Business 
 
 27 
 
 merchandise from New York ; the /'. Pfiidlilon, Samuel Curti.s, ma.ster, from New York, with coal and 
 merchandise : the brig Kcin'frer, the schooner /. A'. W'/iiliiii;, and the Coldiii ■ l,i;i\ .^ro tons, Ivphraim Richard.son, 
 master, from New York. The bark Oii- arrived from Uoston May ,V)th, with a cargo of general merchandise for 
 Portland. Her rigging was badly shaken np owing to heavy gales, and her captain, Josiah B. Hntchins, 
 immediately filed an extended protest with Notary Yan Dnsen. Another ve.s.sel which encountered ditl'iculties 
 and took the same action was the bark Jumes II'. /'(ii;i\ Capt. Oliver I<. Ber.se, which, while on a trip from 
 Milton, Or., to San I'Vancisco, June aytli, struck on a bar. where she lost a portion of her shoe. The brig 
 A Ilia -.oil, the first vessel to come to Portland from the Orient, arrived from Whampoa, China. 
 
 The Astorians began to look after the coasting trade in 1851, and in the fall built the sloop AV/Ajwtii'/'. 
 She was owned by Samuel Howard, her master, Olied Thomas, James Trask and J. \V. Alderman. She registered 
 but ten tons, and yet did a thriving business between Tillamook, Shoalwater Bay and Astoria. The bark (ieoigc 
 and Mai Ilia, an arrival of the year previous, was sold July 25th by the United State Marshal. Joe Meek, to 
 William H. Meloy, for 52.025. The brig l-.iiiily Pirsloii was also sold by Richanl P. Buck to John S. Sluimaii 
 for $5,100; antl BLiijamin Stark's bark .Inn .S'w///;, registering 2i.| tons, which Capt. George H. Flanders 
 brought out the year liefore. was disposed of tc H'illiani Iv. Molthrop. The bark neidtiuoiia. Capt. Henry Farley, 
 was transferred August 9th to Thomas Smith by George Abeniethy i\: Co. 
 
 Among tlie vessels visiting Shoalwater Bay were the brig Oiiadialiis. Captain Menes, which entered by 
 mistake, and the schooner Sea Sfr/iciit. Captain Miller, which went in after a cargo o( oysters. Numerous vessels 
 engaged in the coasting trade tliis year, among the best known being the bark l.ainannc. Captain Stansbury, and 
 the ;ichooners I 'lania and Francis I IcUn. On Puget Sound two vessels, 
 the f/(i":i,'/i"/(' "' and tile brigantine ^ •'«(»." were wrecked. j 
 
 Steam tonnage did not increase to any great extent during the 
 
 year 1.S5J 
 
 To the tipper Willamette fieet was added tiie steamer Oirgon. 
 
 a litlle sidewiieeler. liuilt at h'airfield by a company at the head of which 
 
 was Benjamin Simp.son. Tlie Oiri;oii was a very poor investment, and a 
 
 source of considerable loss to her proprietors. I'oUowing her came the 
 
 Slioahialrr. the sixtli steamer on the upper Willamette, a small craft 
 
 fitted with two geared engines, and designed to run when all other boats 
 
 were compelled to lay U]) for lack of water on the bars. She was owned 
 
 by Capt. Leonard Wliite and others, but proving unprofitable was sold 
 
 to the late Ji'dge McCarver of Taconia. In the spring of 1S54, while 
 
 making a laiuling below Rock Island, the steam ran up too fast, causing 
 
 a flue to collap.se. Several persons received injuries, none of which. 
 
 however, resulted .seriously. The accident prov, d .so expensive that she 
 
 again changed ownership and iiaiiie, havii'g been called successively 
 
 during her career, /'r ///i 1 the owners' method of spelling Pluunixi. then 
 
 I'lankliii. and. as ill luck still pursued her. she was finally lengthened 
 
 and re eiied the .Hiniiic Holmes, in honor of a young lady of Oregon 
 
 City, will) afterward became the wife of Dan O'Neil, the veteran purser. 
 
 Tlie steamer still proved unremunerative, and in 1.S58 her owners sold 
 
 her to li. N. l)u Rell, by whom she was taken to Saleiii and fitted up as 
 
 a lloating sawmill. The machinery was subsequently removed and permanently located on the bunk of the river, 
 
 wliere it was used in the maiuifacttire of lumlier until isr,o, at which time the mil! was destroyed by fire. Among 
 
 tlie crew of tlie ttiilncky steamer during herearly career was Joseph Buclitel,'' at present chief of the Portland fire 
 
 department, who was serving as purser at the lime of the boiler explosion at Rock Island. 
 
 C.MT. J. M. Oilman 
 
 vessels that eiitereil the straits for .Naiiaiino, anil nearly all of lliose houn.l for the .Vmerican side. In 1S77 she was extensively 
 repaired, and a new holler provided, which cost nearly ifis.cxM, its diinensioiis hciiiK, width, fourteen and one-half feet leiiL'tli' 
 seventeen feet, diam.ter, twelve teet. .\fter Captain I.ihhy left her she was laid up at I'orl I.udlow for four years. Cant ''Villiani 
 Sel iv then ran lur lor a year and a hall, and PM. Clements took charge of her for a sliort ,'ie. He was succeeded hv Cam' William 
 Wilhanison, who continued 111 coinmuid lor six years, until Jnl> 27, iSi)), when she was ai;ain laid np at Port I.udlow Her hull 
 iielow tlie water line is still 111 excellent condition, and with repairs to her machinery she would probably outlast the lUifn- which 
 was lifty-three years old when she met her fate. Since the loss of liat venerable claft. the Coliah eiijovs the distinction of beiiu' 
 the oldest ^tealli vessel alloat on the Pacific Coast. ' ^ 
 
 "'The schooner (:,-oixi„ii„. Captain Rowland, while ,11 loiilc from Steilacoom to the Kold I'leld.s, anchored one iii.dit in 
 Ski.leKateCh.mne , UneeiiLharlotte-s Islands, and was driven ashore by a gale. Her crew of five men .and twenty-two iiasseuL'ers 
 were captured and made slaves by the Ilydall Indians, who kept them 111 bondaKe for seven weeks before they were finally rescued 
 by the schooner Pniian-. Co:;; Captain Ikilch. The <,;-oixi.i:i,rs passen.uers inclmled .A. .SarL'ent, S. I), ilowe K N 'Sari'dit 
 Ambrose Jewell. L 1 oles Weed. Daniel Show. Sunmel H. Willi.uns. [ames Mc.Uister. loliu Thornton, Charles Hendricks' 
 (.ei>r,s,'e .\. Paine, lohn Reinley. Jesse Ferguson, I. Co' ' ■ •■ .h-iiiihk>,. 
 
 S. S. h'ord, Jr., J. M. Ilr 
 
 and J. Siedner; mate I 
 
 • Ja 
 
 sell. 
 
 The briijantine (7ii,i. one of the Hudson's 1! 
 
 liincau McI'Aven. and >.iilors Meiijamin and Richard Cibl 
 
 ideon, CeorKe Monre. li. I". McDonald, 
 
 ooiicr />,'"(i7;/,« ( ■|>.-v, which had previously rescued the crew and 
 h1, althoui^h the vessel was a total loss. 
 
 ly co.istin.,' vessels, »,is druen ashore near Cape I'lattery. P'ortunatelv the 
 
 Iiasseiigers of the (,'ro>x iiiiiii, was near ai hand. 
 
 III all' 
 
 I full 
 
 Jose]ili Hiichtel, chief engineer of the Portland fire departii 
 
 ll'i//. 
 
 owed ste. mil 
 
 atiiiK only a short time in the early fiftii 
 
 partment. was born in I'niontown, ()., November 22, iK 
 
 iiiii//,'. Oiiit-uid/i and others. lie was stew 
 
 1; been at that period connected with the steamers S/io,i/; 
 
 I tune of the explosion. 
 
 ird on the U'illaiiiitl,- when she was lying alongsiih the unfortunate ( 
 
 He 
 
 af,-i: 
 
 file at the 
 
ll 
 
 I'll 
 ii 
 
 
 3? 
 
 Lvivis (f Drydens Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 A small iron propeller called the fiaglc" ran between Portland and Oregon City in i8,s2 in command of 
 Capt. W. H. Wells" and Capt. Richard Williams,'' who coined money with her, carrying passengers between tlic 
 two cities at the rate of $5 a head. In the fall of the year the /:«!,>/<• met with some opposition from the littk- 
 
 propeller .//^«,"' owned by Allan, McKinley & Company, old Hudson's Hay men, 
 
 then in business at Oregon City. The .Ulan was about the same size as the /-Mgle, 
 
 but hardly as fast a steamer, and was used more for towing and freighting than for 
 
 >|M^ passenger service. Abernethy & Clark also had a small propeller, the Major Riddiiii;, 
 
 ^^BB which J. M. Gilman'' had l)rought up from California. She was used for jobbing 
 
 ^M ^— fc and towing on the Willamette and Columbia. 
 
 ^fj. ^■^^W The steamship Columbia contiiuied on the ocean route between the Columbia 
 
 ^jtj^^m River and ,San Franci.sco, with Capt. William Dall, master, Peter Mackie," malf^ 
 
 ^^^^f^ Edwin Cox,'" engineer. Burns, purser, and Joseph Durbron, agent at Portland. The 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^ fare was $75 for cabin pa.ssage, and j|!45 in the steerage. The steamships (ieinrnl 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ U'anrii and Sra (in// were also in tlie Oregon trade until they were lost early in the 
 
 ^^^^H ^^IRF yt^ar, and the steam.ships I'nmoiit and Is/It iinis made several trips in the same 
 
 '■'Tile steamer /i(i);lt\ or, as she was always called, the l.itllc /uigli\ was all iron propclltr 
 
 of about ten Ions hurden hronght up from San I-'rancisco by Capt. William Irving. .Xfler Williams 
 
 & Wells (lisposetl of her she was used principally in towing;, althonj^h as late as in 1S62 she carried 
 
 Cait. w. I). WKi.is pasBenxers on the Cascade route, taking the i)lace of the steamer .)fiin<i. In iSfi.s she was sold 
 
 toTackabcrry S: Ham, coiitinuiiiK in the towing business until 1S71, when John West purchased 
 
 her, removed the enj,'iues, and placeil them in the sieainer June litest. Anions the lirst engineers on the boat was Martin Hulgcr, 
 
 for a long time Superintending EuKineer of the I'acific Mail. Her last captains before she was dismantled were J. N. Fisher and 
 
 Fred CoiiKilon. 
 
 "Capt. W B. Wells, who was associated with Williams in building the steamer /}elle, had but a short career on the river, 
 
 although his name is inseparably linked with the early history of steamboating on the Willamette and Columbia. In addition to the 
 
 steamers llfllf, Maiy and Eagle, in which he was a partner with Capt, Richard Williams, he 
 
 bought an interest with Captain Hoyl ill the wrecktil C-aztile, which was renamed the Siiiorila, ^■ 
 
 and was also a part owner with Hoyt in the steamer /ili:a Anderson, with which he went to the ; 
 
 Sound in 1S59. .\fter his return to the Columbia he moved to Shoalwater Hay, taking up a claim 
 
 there, and carrying the mail between Oysterville and lirnceport in a plunger. While making 
 
 a trip in hebniarv, 186,^, the sloop was capsized in a squall, and he was drowned. I'ew of his 
 
 old associates are now living, but all who remember him speak in the highest terms of his merits 
 
 as a steamboat man. 
 
 '■'Capt. Richar<l Williams was born in the Canary Islands, and his early life was spent 
 
 sailing out of New York, lioston, and Portland, Me. He first arrived on the I'acific Coa.st in the 
 
 spring of i.Sso, going to Sacramento, Cal., where he took charge of a ship which had been deserted 
 
 by the crew in their anxiety lo reach the gold mines, and ran it as a lloating hotel, doing a 
 
 profitable business for about six months. He then went to the mines, and on his return to .San 
 
 Francisco three months later met Capt. William Irving, with whom he had sailed out of New 
 
 York. With Captain Irving he made a trip to Oregon, both reluming to , San Francisco subse- 
 quently with the Siiiitss, and together they purchased the steamer JCagle, just arrived from 
 
 I'hiladeliihia. Captain Williams ran the Hag/e in the Oregon City trade for three years, and then 
 
 sold her to William I.atimer, who used her on the Vancouver route. In 1853, with W. B. Welis, 
 
 he built the llelle, which they ran for a short time to Oregon City, and afterward to the Cascades, 
 
 until the organization of the' Oregon Steam Navigation Company. With Hr.idford and Wells he 
 
 constructed the /l/ij» 1 at the upper Cascades, operating her in connection with the /ie/le. When 
 
 the Oregon Steam Navigation Company was incorporated. Captain Williams was given stock in the 
 
 cor])oralion for his intircst in the steamers lle/le, Mary and Seiiori/a. He sold his shares at the 
 
 same time that Jacob Kaiiiin and several of his associates withdrew from the company. In the 
 
 early days of his steamboat career he composed the entire crew of the /{ag/e, fireman, engineer and captain, and the craft made 
 
 more money than inaiiv of the larger boats with larger crews have in later days. Captain Williams retired from the marine business 
 
 twenty years ago, and is now a resident of Iv 1st Portland and president of the First National Hank. 
 
 " The steamer A/Ian was brought around from New York 011 a sailing vessel, and received 
 her name from her managing owner. She was used chiefly in the towing and jobbing trade 
 In 1853 she was taken almve the Cascades, and continued running there until 1856. She was 
 comiiianded at this time by Capt. Thomas Gladwell, who was afterward lost on the steamship 
 iXortlierner. 
 
 "Capt. James M. Gilman was born in New Hampshire in 1826. .\fter learning the 
 machinist's trade he embarked from Boston with one hundred other young men in the bark 
 Leonora for the California gold mines, which he finally reached, but soon returned to San I'ran- 
 Cisco and found work on the steamer i'dw Joaquin as engineer Shortly afterward he bought an 
 interest in a towboat, but sold out to go to Oregon with the steamer Major l^edding. When lie 
 arrived on the Columbia he left the Redding, expecting to return to .San l''rancisco, but afler 
 waiting a short time engaged as engineer on the Multnomah, and f.oiii her went to the Bel'c. 
 When Kainm and Ainswortli were building the Carrie Ladd^ tiilman was taken in as a partner 
 and remained with them several years, reaping a share of the profits accruing to that snccesslul 
 venture. He retired from the water many years ago, after building up a substantial fortune, 
 and died in I'ortlanil, July 19, 1891. 
 
 '" Capt. Peter Mackie, who spent nearly forty years in the Northern trade, was born in 
 Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1821, and re.iched the Pacific Coast in 1838 on a sailing vessel, but >lid 
 not remain. He continued in the deep-water service until the latter part of the forties, when 
 he again went to California, and in 1851 began running North with Captain Dall, serving wilb 
 
 :; him several years as first olficer; after which he was occa.sioually in comiiiaud of extra steamships. 
 
 •"' During the IloUaday regime he was promoted to a captaincy, and from that jieriod until 1887 he 
 
 c.ii'r. I'KTKK Mackii: was ill the Northern trade most of the time, his last charge having been the Cily 0/ C/iesirr. 
 
 He died in San Francisco in October, 1894. 
 " Hdwin Cox was born in Durham, N. II. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1849, and served as first assistant engineer on 
 
 various Sacramento River steamers. He subsequently held this position on the steamships Co/H»«A(<r and O/r^'DH running Noiih, 
 
 and later bec.ime chief, in which capacity be afterward accepted employment on the steamship .Santa Cruz. After leaving the 
 
 Northern route be followed his vocation for several years on the San Francisco ferry-boats. He went to China as chief ou he 
 
 steamer .Suipyise upon her return from the Fraser River, and soon after quitting this service retired from the water and enganed 
 
 in mining in California until his death in 1865, 
 
 Cait. Kichako Williams 
 
 If 
 
Steam Navlyaiior on Upper Willamette, Rapid Growth of River Business 
 
 39 
 
 I coinmaiul of 
 s between the 
 from the little 
 oil's Hay men, 
 ; as the Eagle, 
 htiiig than for 
 '4i>jor A'li/iiiiig. 
 ;d for jobbing 
 
 the Cohimbia 
 Jackie," mate^ 
 'ortland. The 
 iships (ieiicntl 
 pst early in the 
 > in the same 
 
 iUi irim propeller 
 After Williams 
 1H62 she carrieil 
 i,S6,s she was solil 
 West purchased 
 s Martin Bulger, 
 J. N. Pislier and 
 
 !er oil the river, 
 [11 addiliou to the 
 
 kRIi WU.LIAMS 
 
 llie craft made 
 marine Imsiness 
 
 sel, and received 
 jobhing trade 
 1.H56. She was 
 
 111 the steamship 
 
 ,er learning the 
 len in the hark 
 led to San Trail- 
 ni he Imuglit .111 
 'ing. When he 
 iicisco, hut after 
 eiit to the Bfl'f. 
 in as a partner 
 that successful 
 ^taiitial fortune, 
 
 de, was horn in 
 g vessel, hut did 
 le forties, when 
 ill, serving with 
 [tra steamships. 
 od until 1887 lit 
 Ci/y 0/ C/ii-i!-r 
 
 ant engineer on 
 running Noiih, 
 fter leaving ;he 
 as chief on he 
 ter and engaKeJ 
 
 1 
 
 ■■'3 
 
 Mahtin Bn.r.icH 
 Kngineer Steiiiiier " Multnoiitali ' 
 
 traffic. The steamer U'i//tinif//t\ which had come out from the Kast the year before, was bought by the Pacific 
 
 Mail Steamship C()mi)aiiy and taken to .San Hraiicisco. 
 
 The /aiiirs P. I'liul, sunk near Cape Horn in 1851, was raised and put in running order, but unfortunately 
 
 met with a sad accident in March, when a bolt in the boiler gave way and the engineer, John Dennis, was so 
 
 terribly scalded that he died within a few hours. The steamer Washington was sold in June by Captain Murray 
 
 to Allan, McKinley & Company for 53,000, and the pioneer steam- 
 boats Columbia, lilackliawk and Major Redding were dismantled. 
 The Midlnomali, Hoyt, master, and Bulger,'" engineer, and the Lot 
 W'hitcomb, Ainsworth, captain, and Hall, pilot," were still on the 
 Astoria route, the latter having her I'ortland landing at the foot of 
 Washington Street, where George W. Hoyt,' the agent, had his 
 office. The surveying schooner lialtimon, Cajitain Roberts, spent 
 several weeks in the Columbia during the summer, and the Louisiana 
 sailed on her .second trip with Oregon produce for China. About 
 this time a strong effort was made to establish the metro|)()lis of the 
 Northwest at St. Helens, anil for several months the maritime com- 
 merce at that point was of considerable importance. During the 
 six months ending July 1st, nine brigs, four barks, three shi])s and 
 two .schooners loaded there, while the steamships L'limont and 
 Columbia made nine round trips between that point and San Fran- 
 cisco. The bark Trenton created a record for long v'oyages between 
 San h'raiicisco and Astoria, consuming fifty-.seven days in making 
 the trip. 
 
 At vShoalwater Bay the oyster industry furnished btisine.ss 
 for several small coasters. The .schooner Loo Choo, Captain Nel.son, 
 made six trips from the bay to San Francisco, carrying away 8,325 
 baskets of oysters ; the schooner .SV(/ Serfxnt, Captain Miller, five 
 trips, aggregating 5.600 baskets ; the schooner A'ia/to, Captain Ber.se. 
 two trips, taking 2,500 baskets ; the schooners Columbia, Captain 
 
 Phillips, and Tarlcton. Captain Morgan, made one trip each, carrying 600 and 400 baskets respectively ; the 
 
 brig Sophia. Captain Bond, loaded 1,5a:) piles in the bay, and the brig Oriental. Captain Hill, took 500 piles 
 
 and a (luatitity of oysters. A small schooner called the Rramble, and the Mary Taylor." were al.so engaged in 
 
 the oyster traffic. In the fall of i,S52 the first survey of Shoalwater Bay was made by the I'nited States 
 
 steamship Aetive (old steamshii) Coldhunter), Captain Alden. 
 
 The number of sailing vessels in the coasting trade was much larger than during the preceding year. Plying 
 
 between Puget Sound points, Portland and San Francisco, were the brigs /y//« Davis, Captain Plummer. Franklin 
 
 Adams. Capt. L. M. Felker, Geo. IV. Emery. Jane. G. 11 '. Kendall, the Daniel. 
 
 Lionosa. and the schooners Cynosure. Capt. E. S. F''owler, Exaet. T>emaris Core. 
 
 .Susan Sturgis. .Hire. Erankliii. Mexiran and Ceeil. The schooner Mary 
 
 •" Martin llulger. who was oiil* of the first engineers on the Mititnomalt. was horn 
 in New York in 1S29, and came to the Pacific Coast ahoiit the time of the California gold 
 exciteineiU. lie served as chief engineer on nearly all of the pioneer boats on the Coluni- 
 Ilia and Willamette rivers, and also worked in that capacity on the old (•'oluib and other 
 steamers out of San I-Vaiicisco. He was in the eni]>loy of the Pacific Mail Steamship 
 Company for many years, his last position with that cfirporation having heen that of 
 superiiitendiiig engineer. He retired from the service a few years ago and resides in 
 San I'rancisco. 
 
 •' W. H. H. Hal], who is now living in retirement at Chelsea, Vt., came to Oregon 
 as supercargo of the hark /.oitisiitHa. on the trip that brought the Lot H^/iitconib^s machin- 
 ery. Jacob Kaiiim, J. (). Waterman, and W. I>. Carter, were jjassengers on the same 
 voyage, the latter two having with them an outfit for a iiriiiting oflice. Mr. Whitcomb 
 engaged Hall to assist in building the ste.'imer, and on her completion he was appointed 
 pilot, remaining with her nearly all of the lime she ran on the river. He also piloted 
 on the steamer Willamette, and was for a short time captain of the Juisliion, and afterward 
 of the Iris. 
 
 '■'George W. Hoyt. who was associated for many years with his brother, Capt. 
 Richard Hoyt, in the steambo.it business on the Columbia and Willamette rivers, was born 
 in .\lbaiiy, N. Y., in 1S2S, and arrived in California in 1S51, the following year going to 
 Oregon, where he coniiiieiice<l steamboating with his brother. He was for a long time 
 agent for the .Multtiomoh, with headriuarters on the old wharf-boat moored at the foot of 
 Washington Street, sliow-n in the accompanying illustration of the steamer. He afterward 
 ]iurcliased an interest in the steamer li.rpress. running between I'ortland ami Oregon City. 
 Soon after the orgaiii/ation of the Oregon Steam Navigation Comjiany, he entered their 
 
 employ, remaining with them aiirl their successors for nearly thirty years. He resigned in iS9<i to enjoy a well-earned rest, 
 died September 9, 1892, leaving a wide circle of friends, by whom he was respected and admired for his many kindly (jualities. 
 
 •'Mark L, Wiiianl, who with his father and brother was running the Mary 'Taylor on Shoalwater Bay in the oyster trade 
 during this year, was born in New York City in 1S25 and came to San I'Vaiicisco in 1S49. He served on the Sacramento River in 
 1S50 and remained there until i,S52, when he went to Shoalwater Bay and followed the oyster business until 1882. subsecjuently 
 removing to Yaquina, where he has since resiiled. 
 
 l-;i'WIN Cnx 
 
 He 
 
m 
 
 40 
 
 Lewis cf Dryilen's Mnrinu History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 M ,f 
 
 'Jay/or, which had l)een in use as a pilot boat on the bar. left tlie Columbia to trade on I'UKet Sound, talcing; 
 with her I,. H. Ilastinjjs and F. W. I'ettigrove, the founders of Portland, who on their arrival on the Sound still 
 further perpetuated their names by starting the city of Port Townsend. The bark Siinrss was ruiming in the 
 coa.sting trade in command of Captain Coupe, 'who owned a half interest in the vessel, and the l)ark lironlis 
 carried away a cargo of |)iles from Seattle. Other regular traders along the coast were the brigs Noiiptnril. 
 
 Cvdops. W'illiniiiiilii . I'oloiiim' ^w\ F.<ii;l<. The A't'/z/iinr// was a ven- 
 I erable craft, built in Yarmouth in |H,^2. She registered 134 tons and 
 ' was eighty-two feet in length, twenty-two feet beam, and eight feet 
 de|>th of hold. Ivarly in May the Poloiiiaf grounded while passing out 
 of the mouth of the river with a cargo of lundier for .San Franei.sco, 
 jettisoned her deck load, and, after several hours' thumping, worked 
 back to Astoria, where a survey was ordered, the result of which was 
 I a decision that the expense of repairing would amoun' to more than 
 ! her value, A<ldison Drinkwater was master of the crafi, and the 
 j surveyors were Thomas Croodwin. shipwright, William H, Meloy and 
 A. Williams, ship masters. The brig /I 'illimautic also had an interest- 
 ing experience this year while in loii/c from San I-'rancisco to Astoria 
 with ballast and stores. She entered (Iray's Harbor by mistake, and 
 after blowing around there for .several days finally stranded, but was 
 afterward floated without serious damage. The Cvclofis narrowly 
 escaped going ashore at the mouth of the river in Noveuiber, and 
 was so badly shaken up that it was necessary to transfer a portion of 
 her deck load to the brig l.ynt. 
 
 In the fall of i.ss-' a party of .seventy gold-hunters bought the 
 brig AV/i.'/c in Portland and sailed for (jueen Charlotte's Island on a 
 orospecting tour. The expedition was a failure, and they returned 
 to Olympia, where the vessel was sold at a sacrifice. The bark 
 /h sdiinoiia, A. H. Richardson, master, was running regularly between 
 Oak Point and San Francisco, and in October R. R. Thompson and S. H. Lyon purchased an interest in the bark 
 AVti' World, 2-.S tons, at ,San Francisco, and operated her in the CoUnubia River and California trade, in connnand 
 of Capt. Charles Gill, who also owned an interest in her. 
 
 There was little change in marine matters in Briti.sh Columbia at this period. The Hud.son's Bay Company 
 received the usual number of vessels from iMigland, the ship Noniniii Morrison returning with several pas.sengers, 
 among them Capt. John Sabiston,'" the well known Briti.sh Columbia pilot, and Thomas Flewin, who is still in 
 
 CAI'T. Oeokiik W. Hov 
 
 ! i I 
 
 i 1 
 
 ■'Capl. Tlioinas Coupe was born in New Hruiiswick in i.Si.S, and l)i'),'an (;"i"K '"' "'" when lie wa.s Imt twelve years old, 
 rnnning on llie .Vtlantic Coast until the early fiCties, when he eanie around to the racillo, lie arrived on Pn^et Sound in I,S52 in the 
 bark Sunrss. of which he was half owner, and took up n 320-acre ilaini on Whiilby 
 Island, where he was joined by his family the followinn year. It is on this claim 
 that the pie.seul town of Coupeviile stands. While in the coaslinn trade w ith the 
 bark Si/tress, Captain Coupe sailed the vessel np through Deception Pass, a feat 
 never before or since umlertaken by a similar vessel without the aid of steam 
 power, lie was for a lonj; time sailing; master on \\\v Jiff /hiiis, the first revenue 
 cutter on Tuj^et Sound, and subseciuently built a number of small schooners 
 which he operated on the Soinid. The steamer Sinti'ss was also one of his 
 ventures. Toward the end of his life he retired to his farm on Whidby Island, 
 remainin){ there until his death, which occurred Decendier 27, 1S75. 
 
 •'■' .Anions; the crew of the roloiiiar, which was trading alonf; the coast 
 during if^.S2, was I. \V. Ciovc. who has continued in this bu-iness for over forty 
 years. Cajitain Ciove was born in Maine in iS,^2, came West when but a bt»y, and 
 ije^an sailing out of San I'rancisco on the l\>loinai\ from which he went to the 
 bark Sont/i il'ijut'ti, ser\in^ as mate for nearly f(nir \ears. His next i)()siiion 
 was on the well-known ohl-timer. the Xiihiinif:i iii(, the first vessel owned by the 
 Port Illakeley Mill Compans-. He remained on her several years, ami left to 
 take conimaiul of the Oak Hill, Ko''iK Ifmi the latter to the bark Sain/^son, w Inch 
 had been reconstrucle<l fr^m an old gunboat 267 feet in length, with both ends 
 alike. .After two years on the Siinipsoti, he returned to the (htk Hill, but soon 
 left her to take the bark A'. A'. //</(«, with which he nuule over one hundred Irijis 
 between .San I'rancisco ami Puj.;e. Somid. finilin^ a home <in her for over twenty 
 vears before ill luck finally overl(."t- I'-^r, l^-aving her bones on I)unj.;eness Spit 
 in 1H9.1. 
 
 -'Capt. John V . Sabiston was born in the Orkney Islands in i.SiS. and after 
 spending his early life sailinj^' out of I-jiylish and Scottish ptu'ts arrived in Victori.-i 
 in 1852 on the Hudson's Hay ship Xotnutti A/onisott, and soon after joined the 
 Ht'avt'f, on which he had some \'ery racy expi riences jis sailing master with Cap- 
 tains Dodd and .Stewart. He left the Jiraiwr at P'orl Simpson, and, as Captam 
 Dodd would not nive him transportation to Victoria, he came down in a canoe, 
 accomjianied by liis family and attended by thirteen canoe-loads of Indians. 
 Tliev liad a (lecide<lly rou^h trip, ami narrowly escape<l troid)le with the Hella 
 Bella Indians. Ciiptain Sabiston sid)se(piently to(jk charj^e of the Hudson's liay 
 Company's coal mines as overground mana(,'er, and, when the company transferreil their iiiterer,t to the Vancouver Coal Company, 
 he filled the same position, remaining with the new owners until 1S67, when he returned to his old callin;; as a pilot, under 
 certificate issued in 1S5S. His first work after leaving the coal company was pilotinj; the steamship Jiiliil /.. Stefihens frou 
 
 Cai't. W. II. H. Hai.i, 
 
 First I'ilol Steanu-r " Lot Whitcoliib " 
 
 Hroni iihotos taken at I'ortliind, Or., in 1S53, and at 
 
 Chelsea, Vt., ill iS9^ 
 
 5f 
 & 
 
Stvam Navigation on Upper Willamatte, Rapid Growth of River Business 
 
 4X 
 
 ouiul, taking 
 ; Souiul still 
 iiitiitiK in tliL' 
 hark JhviiUs 
 ;.s A'oiiptireil, 
 ••il was a veti- 
 134 tons and 
 lid eight feel 
 e passing out 
 \n I'rnncisco, 
 ping, worked 
 )f which was 
 
 more than 
 rai'i, and tliu 
 {. Meloy and 
 ,d an interest- 
 CO to Astoria 
 mistake, and 
 ded, but was 
 >f>s narrowly 
 iveuiher, and 
 r a portion of 
 
 i bought the 
 s Island on a 
 hey returned 
 The bark 
 arly between 
 : in the bark 
 in command 
 
 lay Company 
 
 1 passengers, 
 10 is still in 
 
 Ive years old, 
 
 I ill 1S52 in the 
 
 I 
 
 
 the employ of the company at Victoria. The schooner Susan S/iiri;is, a well known trader along the coast 
 of Vancouver Island, was soi/.ed l)y the Iiulians. Her captain and Mr. Robert I.aiiig'' of \'ictoriii were captured 
 and held as slaves for .several weeks, rmally being released upon iiaytnent of a large r.in.som at Fort Rupert. 
 Several trading vessels were cruising along the coast of (jiieen Charlotte's and \ancouver islands, most of them 
 having heaquarters -n San Francisco, the famous old brig /;/>/> being the best known of the fleet. The brig 
 
 Riroivry participated in a marine event of much importance to N'aii- 
 ; I couver Island, carrying a full cargo of coal from Nanaimo to San 
 
 Francisco. The /liavi-r. which was paddling around the waters of the 
 Northwest, years before customs laws were in vogue, was seized during 
 the summer of 1.S5J. by Collector Moses " of I'ml Towusend, for an 
 alleged infraction of the law, but escaped with slight detention and no 
 expense. 
 
 The sacrifice of life and property by nmrine disaster was greater 
 in i.Ss-' than in any previous year, the first and most terrible of the 
 wrecks occurring in January, when the steamer Cicinra/ W'nnrii went 
 to pieces on Clatsop Spit at the mouth of the Coliiiid>ia, over forty 
 people perishing. While iii ivkIc from Portland to San Francisco the 
 Gciictal ll'anrii pas.sed out of the river late in the afternoon, January 
 J8th, in charge of Capt. C.eorge Flavel, who left her soon after crossing 
 the bar, and she stood out to sea with a stiff breeze blowing from the 
 south. Toward midnight the foretopmast was carried away, and the 
 Captain determined to return to the Columbia. She was deeply loaded 
 with grain which had .scattered in the hold and choked the pumps, so 
 that water was slowly gaining from a leak caused by her overloaded 
 condition. She sighted the Columbia River in the morning, but was 
 unable to communicate with the pilot boat until afternoon, and it was 
 three or four o'clock before Pilot Flavel came aboard. He objected to 
 taking the steamer in, statitig that it was too late, and, with a strong 
 ebb tide running, unsafe to make the attempt. Hut as the ve.s.sel was leaking, and the passengers were fearful of 
 drifting into worse dangers to the northward, they crowded around him, begged so earnestly, and even 
 taunted him with cowardice, that he finally said; "If you insist on going I will try to take you in, but 
 will not be responsible for what may happen." He then ordered the pilot schooner to accompany the 
 steamer, and at 5:00 i'. .m. crossed the bar, the wind meanwhile dying out so that the schooner could not 
 follow. The steamer was making water faster than evi-r and was .so unmanageable that it was difficult to 
 control her movements, and with the strong ebb running she made so little headway that Flavel requested the 
 Captain to anchor. Captain Thompson informed him that the steamer 
 
 could not live in such a sea, and that she must be beached immediately. ._.... ,_ . ™,».,- -—. 
 This statement surprised P'lavel, who had not until then realized how 
 thoroughly worthless the old tub was. and he obeyed the Captain's 
 
 C.MT. TllUMAK COt'l-K 
 
 Hub" 
 1S52, and at 
 
 al Coiiipniiv, 
 ilot, under 
 ephena froti 
 
 ^ 
 
 Nanaimo to Sitka, with riiited Stales troojjs for Alaska, llu inaile tlirt-f trips oil 
 llif Stt'pht'us, ami bus since lieen rontintuuisly tMi^aj;t'il in this vocation I»t'twefn 
 Cape l-'lalterv anil Sitka. Dnrinj^ his lonj^ cariir he lias had many narntw t-scajie!* 
 from sliii)\vreck, but a cool lieaii ancl steady nerve have always saved him, am! he 
 has never damaf^ed a ship in his char}^e. .\Uhnuj4h now in his sixty eij;hlh year, 
 he is still in active service and j^ciod !or a lon^; time to come. 
 
 '-' Kohert Kainj^. who was on the sehiKiner SustUi S/ur^is when she was seized 
 hy the Indians, was h()rn in I'ifcshire, Scotland, in i.Si(>. karninj; the trade, which 
 ai'ierward made him so well known anionj; marine men, at the Hall yanls in 
 Dundee. I'pon his cajUnre hy the Indians, he was treated as a slave, and. half-clad, 
 nnide to perform the most menial labors dnrinii midwinter. Alter holding Mr. 
 I,ain^ and the Captain for sIn weeks, the savages took them to I'ort Sim]>son and 
 demanded and received a ransom of live luinilred dollars before snrren.lerin^ llieir 
 ca])tives. Mr. I.ainj^ returned to Victoria on the steamer /uairr, wliieh encountered 
 a severe f^ale while crossin^^ Millbaiik Sound, ami would nndoiditerlly have been 
 lost but (or his timely assistance in repairing the rudder, which had been rendered 
 useless by the heavy se;is. On arriv.d at Victoria he entered the emjiloy of llie 
 Iluilson's Hay Company and continued with tliem for several years. He established 
 tlie first sliii)yard in Victoria, and hauled out the lirst vessel ever taken from the 
 waters in the colony. .Vnutuj; ollur iiistoric vessels repaired on the ways in his 
 \aid were the steamers fU'tWi'r, Otlff\ /•^n/rrpi iu\ /iidna. iCnii/y /fairis, Xdrih 
 i\uifii\ J\lol, (iussrr '/rZ/'air, Russian steamer CoHstanlint\ /siihti, Ctindoo /-/r, 
 /'orTiUiri/, a } applet', Cahdouia, U'ts/t'rn S/i'p(\ .•Uexamlcr, Maui{i\ and Emuui. 
 Whenever a survey was called on a vessel which had been damaged, Mr. I, alum's 
 services were secured if possible by the agents, not alone for his expert knowledije 
 of everylhinj,( pertaininj^ to a marine crat't. but because he enjoyed the reputation 
 of always expressing a strictly honest opinion. 
 
 •'"Hon. Qnincy A. Brooks of Port Townseml, who was deputy ccdleotor under S. I'. Moses, when the Beaver was seized, was 
 placed in charj.;e of the vessel until s)ie was released. Mr. Hrooks is still living at I'ort Towusend, Wash. He was I)orn in I'enu- 
 sylvania in 182S and came to the Cci . in 1851. 
 
 Cavt. I. w. Gove 
 
ii ( 
 
 I u 
 
 
 iillr 
 
 ' 
 
 42 
 
 Lewii (J Dryden's Marina History of tho Pacific Northwest 
 
 wislies iiiid liuiiilfd lit-r for Clatsop Spit, hcnchiiiK liiT at 7:(h> v. m,, and in a short time the sea was liri'al<iii(; clear 
 oviT lier. At y;ix) I'. M. everything; abaft the foieinasl had l>eeii carried away, hut as yet no hves were h)st. Ivvory 
 one was mustered forward hoping that the wreck wonhl hoM to^jetlier nntil morning, when they couUl expect 
 relief from shore. At ,voo A. M. the steamer was hrcakiiiK up so rapiilly 
 that Ca|)t!iin Thoniiison determined, as a last resort, to attempt to launch 
 a 1)oat and send for assistance. Captain hlavel was asked to take charge, 
 and volunteers were called for to man her. Most of the people on hoard 
 preferred to take their chances by remaininn on the steamer rather than 
 to rush into what had the appearance of certain death in the breakers, 
 which were then ruuniuK so liinh that it seemed impossible for a boat 
 to live. Ten men responded to the call for a crew, by a mere chance 
 cleared the wreck, and a few hours later reached Astoria, where they 
 I'ouiid the bark (ir(<rt;f iiiul Marllin. Her master. Heard, immediately 
 started for the scene of the disaster with a lar^e whaleboat, but, when 
 they reached the spot where the doomed vessel ha<l been the ni({ht before, 
 she had disappeared from view ; and the bloated corpses of the unfor- 
 tunate passen^;ers and crew, which drifted ashore on Clatsop ISeach, 
 were the only evidences of the disaster. Those of the crew thus awfully 
 sacrificed were: Charles Thompson, captain ; Johnson, i)urser ; O'Neill, 
 ent^ineer ; Cleorye Hatch, porter ; Nelson and Jamieson, stewards ; T. 
 Harvey and R. Iv. Hutchinson, cooks; W, Hrueii. 1*. Turan and G. 
 Williams, seamen ; Henry T. York. AmoiiK the passengers were R. J. "" 
 
 I'rovin, Thomas .\lickle, Alanson I'onieroy, John 1'. Duncan, A. Cook, 
 I). (). Huck, A. Stanley, John Dellon, W. H. Hart. Messrs. IJenson, Randolph, 
 I„uther, Shloss, and several others. In the boat which left the wreck in safety were: (leorge l'"lavel, pilot: 
 Edward Beverly, fir.^t officer ; William Irons, second officer ; James Murray, .seaman ; I.saac Sparrow, seaman ; 
 J, G. Wall, Iv L. I"inch, Henry Marsh, Matthew Nolan, James Nolan, passengers. Of the survivors. General 
 J. G. Wall, '■ of San Francisco, is the oidy one still living. A few days after the destruction of the (iiiurnl 
 Will It II the steam pro|>eller -SVvi (/«//, Captain TichiKjr, went ashore on the California coast, but was sub.seciuently 
 beached in Hundioldt Bay and her machinery .saved. Xo lives were lost. 
 
 The .schooner Ahuhiiioiie, Capt. I. H. Simp.son, sailed from Astoria for San Francisco, November 20. 1X52, 
 and was not only never heard of afterward, but no wreckage was found to explain the my.sterious fate which 
 befell her. She was deeply laden with lundjer, and a terrible gale raged for several days after she left the river. 
 The supposition is that she was battered to pieces and driven out of the track of vessels passing up and down the 
 coast. Her master was a brother of Capt. A. M. Simp.son of San Francisco, and with him were lost his mate, 
 Lemuel Small, a well known character in marine I'ircles, and seven others. 
 
 At the mouth of the Umptpia, the fleet met with considerable damage : January 9th the brig .lliiiira, Captain 
 Gibbs, was cast away, after crossing the bar, going ashore one mile north of Umpqua City. At this time she was 
 
 in the Government service, and was loaded with quartermasters' supplies, 
 carrying also, as passengers, thirty-six soldiers for I'ortOrford. All hands 
 
 CAi'r. JiiiiN s MirsroN 
 
 ,. itgomery. Miller, Fuller. 
 
 *(ieii. J. (>. Wall WHS liorii in Dulilin, Ireliiiid, in 1K27, anil be^an sailinK out 
 of British ports when a hoy of ff)nrtcen. He followed his calling on the Atlantic initil 
 i.Sji), when he left New Orleans and caine lo the raciho, having heen one of the first 
 settlers at Crescent City, Cal., ji jilaee with which his name will always be inse])aral>ly 
 connected. .\t (he time of the wreck of the Ciiiiiiai il'arieii he was returning from a 
 visit to Oregon City, and was selected hy Captain I-'lavel as one of the crew of the boat 
 to seek relief, on account of his exi)erience as a sailor. Their nintual gofid fortune 
 ill surviving the terrible disaster caused a strong friendship lo spring up between the 
 "pilot king" and (leneral Wall, and nearly every year niilil the clealli of Captain 
 I'"l,'ivel the>- would meet and rehearse the stirring scenes in which they first met. Wall 
 would sometinies go to I'hivel's Oregon home, Flavel repaying the visit the f(dlowing 
 year to California, (leneral Wall was agent at Crescent City for Wells, I''argo Ot Co. 
 for over thirty years, and iit the time of the wreck of the Ilivthir Jomithan remlered 
 v,'iliiable assistance lo the few survivors, and also look an active part in searching for 
 the bodies of the unfortunate victims. Thrfnigh his ]iroiniuence in military mailers 
 he was one of the best known men in Northern California, lie served for fourteen 
 years in coininaud of the militia companies of the Sixth Hrigade, in Del Norle, 
 Humboldt, Klaniath and Mendocino counties. Before leaving the employ of llie express 
 company at Crescent City, he became engaged in lumbering at that point, and is still 
 operating one of the largest enterprises of that kind in the State. He has recenlly 
 constructed a railroad from Crescent City lo Smith River, and across that stream a 
 f4o,(ioo bridge, thus securing easy access to an immense tract of redwood limber which 
 he owns on Siuith River. The hiniber firm of Hobbs, Wall & Co. is one of the oldest 
 in the Slate, and since beginning business at Crescent City has built many well-known 
 coasting vessels, among the besl known being the schooners J, G. Wall, Mary D. 
 I'oiiiiioy, and Oii'dii /'tail. General Wall also built the steamers Crescent Cily and the 
 two Del Aoites, naming them after the county of that name. At Crescenl City he 
 owns one of the largest wharves on the coast, and personally looks after his lumber business for the greater part of the year, giving 
 out no contracts, but employing a superintendent at the mill and a foreman at each of the logging camps. Oeneral Wall resides in 
 Alameda, and is largely interested in Sau I-'raucisco enterprises. 
 
 kOllKKT I.AINO 
 
Sti'nm Navigiiion nn Upprr Will:>mi'tti\ Rapid Growth nf Rivrr Biisiiwss 
 
 43 
 
 illur, I'liller, 
 'lavc'l, pilot ; 
 3W, seaman ; 
 ors, Gfiicral 
 the (I'ciiini/ 
 iubs(.(|utiitly 
 
 icr 20. iS,S2, 
 : fate which 
 "t tlie river, 
 il down the 
 it his mate, 
 
 I'ra, Cai)tain 
 me she was 
 rs' supplies, 
 All hands 
 
 •At 
 
 sailing out 
 Jaiitic until 
 e of tile first 
 iiistpnrably 
 
 riling rroni a 
 of the boat 
 
 ;oiiil fortune 
 I)ct\veen tlie 
 
 Il of Ca|>taiii 
 iiitl. Wall 
 lie following 
 
 I'arxo & Co. 
 
 /(/'/ reiiilcred 
 
 searrlliiij; for 
 
 "tary matters 
 
 for fourteen 
 
 Del Norte, 
 
 f the expre.ss 
 
 t, ami is still 
 
 lias recently 
 
 liat stream a 
 niher which 
 
 of the oldest 
 well-known 
 
 //, iVaiy V. 
 
 Cily aiitl the 
 ent City he 
 year, jiving 
 
 all resides in 
 
 were saved. July .'.'d the schodiier A'r/.vv,i;/, Capt. I'eter Johnson, after nailhlK out of the I'mpipia, eiienuiitered a 
 dead calm and drifted ashore on ,Soiith Spit, where she was rapidly knocked to pieces. Snlceipietilly the I'llited 
 Stales revenue cutter /.iihulii sprang a leak ami was beached three miles from Coos Hay bar without loss of life. 
 Novemtwr jyth, during a fo^, the brin; Mutif went ashore at North 
 Heach, a few miles above Cape I)isa|)poinlment, while m 1 'i.t- from 
 San l''iancisc« to Slioalwater Day. Nine persons perished, and only 
 two escaped from the wreck. Another serious disaster, iittended with 
 sacrifice of hlim.in life, was the sinkinj; of the bark Lonl A',ii;/<i'i, 
 i/i roiili- from Sooke with a carjfo of piles for Ivn^land. The ve s^l 
 foundered olT Cape h'lattery, and her crew and passeuHcrs, like those 
 of many a cr.ift which has since met a similar fate, were never heard 
 of anaiii. The Kev. and Mrs. Stains were passengers on the \essel, 
 the fiirmer having been the first minister of the ^''^I'^'l »' \'icloria, 
 where he had arri\ed in .March, 1H49, on the bark I'olniiiHn. The 
 brij; llorJfiiiix, from San I'rancisco for l'U){et Sound, ran in fur the ! 
 
 Columbia, December i.^th, and anchored on the bar. During a 1 
 
 heavy swell she lost her anchors and drifted liiRh and dry oil Clatsop ' 
 
 Head. The crew escaped, but the vessel proved a complete wreck. V 
 
 The schooner Jiiliit, Caiitain Collins, from San I'Vaiicisco for the \ 
 
 Ciiluiiibi.i, was wrecked in March a few miles below Vaipiiiia. The 
 crew K'>t "If in safety and made their way to ()re(;on City overland. 
 Another misfortune of the year was the wrecking of the 
 I'llited States transport bark Anita, Capt. J. II. Belcher, at Port 
 
 Orford. The vessel was 
 
 '-r'Tt • 
 
 a total loss, but the 
 crew reached the shore. 
 
 WIM.I.\M II. THnri' 
 
 «Pi<s^ 
 
 Steam and sailitijj craft increased with wonderful rapidity duriiij; 
 1 8,5,1 in all portions of the Northwest. Reports of the remarkable pos- 
 sibilities for marine business on the Great River of the West, and on 
 that vast inland sea, I'uget .Sound and its tributaries, had spread among 
 the mariners on the more crowded waters of the Isastern coast, and they 
 came with the rush. The impenetrable forests of the Sound country, 
 and the rou^h character of the land bordering the lower and middle 
 Columbia, made it almost impossible for travelers to proceed except 
 by water ways, and every craft that lloated proved profitable. The 
 Columbia and Willamette river fleet was augmented by the btiihling 
 of the steamer IUUi\ which was launched August isth at Oregon 
 City, for Wells iV Williams, by W. H. Trouj) '' and the pioneer 
 machinist and engineer, T. V. Smith. The llclle was intended for 
 the Oregon City trade, but was operated on the Ca.scade route in 1.S55 
 in command of Captain Wells, with J. M. Oilman as engineer and 
 N. H. Ingalls, " jiurser. She also ran there in i.S5()-5; in cominand of 
 Captain Williams, connecting with the 
 
 ■'Capt. W. II. Troii)!, father of the 
 
 well known .stcamlioatiiien James. Claud and 
 
 Clrirles Troup, was one e)f llie tirst engineers 
 
 on the Fit'iily. lie was horn in London in 
 1S2S and came to this country when (inite youiij.,'. .After receiving ,'i thorough training 
 ill the machine shops he entered' the service of the racilic Mail Company llet^veen .San Krancisco 
 and I'anama early ill 1S511. l'"roiii the Panama route he came north, and, preferring river navi- 
 ^alion, remained in Oregon, He hiiilt the l'anioitiri\ the first re).;iil<'ir steamer on the Vancouver 
 route, and also cmistructed the steamer Juinny TioHp. and was interesteil in the new Wtucoit; t'l . 
 He went to Coos Hay as cn|,'incer on the H'aihiiixloii, ami was so favoratily inijiressed with that 
 locality that lie returned there with Capt. Nat l.ane. and with him ran the ste.imer .t/issnii;,!. 
 Tot;etlier with the late T. V. .Smith he lilted out the iiioneer steamer /llaikliauk for Williams S: 
 Wells at Oregon City in uSsv He was also vvith a sleanur on Lake Talioe. Calitornia, several 
 iiioiiths. and spent some time ini the Stickeeii River ami on steamers rnnniiig on the .Alaska 
 nmte .-\l times during his long career on the Coast he lived ashore, working at his trade as a 
 machinist, hut his love for the water always recalled him to his marine vocation, and he spent the 
 last years of his life mi the oM steamer / 'a/ici'iii'ii: He died in Vancouver, W.ish., .April .S, iSHj. 
 "' N. H. Ingalls, who was one of the first pursers on the /)V//c and the luigle, is, with the 
 exception of Dan O'Neil, the oldest living purser in the Northwest. He arrived in Porlland in 
 1X51 and secured a position on the /uii;li\ which ran that year on tlieOrc^'on City route, continuing 
 ill this service on tlie steamers Utile, I'otilnud, Jennie ( 'laik, l\'ifal and Expirss until 1.S5S, when 
 
 he went on the Cascade run, reinaining, except for a lirief ahsence ill the ICast, until 1S93. During that period of tliirty-five vears he 
 served on the steamers Canie [.mill. Mountain Hmk, Julia, CauaJe, Wilson (•'. Hunt, Mew World, Oneonla, Dixie Tlioinpsoii, 
 Kmina llayuaiJ, Wide West, S. G. A'eed, /lonita. A'. A'. Tliompson, Multnomah, t/assalo, /.utiine ami .Isloiian. 
 
 (IKN, Jusi:rn W \l.l. 
 
 N. U. iNOAI.LH 
 
lii 
 III 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 44 
 
 Lewis 4 Drychn's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 CATI. CllAKI.KS 1-'. KHAl T 
 
 Steamer v'/ci/t for The Dalles. In 185S she varied her runs, having been at different times on the Astoria. 
 
 Cowlitz, and Cascade routes. The lielh- continued on the Coluniliia under her original management until the 
 
 Oregon .Steam Navigation Company was organized, when she was absorl)ed by that corporation. They seldom 
 
 u-sed her, and she soon found her way to the boneyard, where she was broken up in 1869, the old iron of which 
 
 her hull was built going to China on the bark Hattic /iissr. The engines were afterward placed in a sawmill 
 
 at Oak I'oint. The dimensions of the /)V7/c were; Length, 90 feet: beam, 
 ifi feet; depth, 4 feet; tonnage, registereu a' custom-house at Astoria, 54 
 tons. 
 
 The steamer Portland was launched July 2, 1S3.V She was a small 
 sidewlieeler, and on her comjiletiou was placed on the Oregon City line in 
 coiniection with the steamer Multiionia/i, and continued on this route, with 
 occasional trips to Astoria, until October, is^d, when she was taken above 
 the falls and ran on the upper river until March, 1.S57, at which time she 
 came to a tragic end isce wreck of steamer I\irtlaiu1. 1S57). 
 
 On the lower Columbia the steam tug J'ir,i/_v,'' a recent arrival from 
 San l-'rancisco, was ."ut in the towing service at Astoria. The /'iloiiia, a 
 large stea.n scow, was completed in September to run between Portland 
 and the Cascades, in conjunction with the steamer .Ulan, which had been 
 taken to the miildle river. Capt. John McCrosky and his associates com- 
 pleted what was at this time called "The big sidewheeler Wallaimi." She 
 was intended for the upper Willamette trade, and was constructed under 
 the superintendence of Captain John McCrosky, who had a mania for 
 building steamers of the Mississippi type. She had disconnected side 
 wheels, with engines i4x(^o, 
 registered :' 2 tons, was 150 feet 
 in length, 2,1 feet beam, and 5 
 feet hold, but owing to defects 
 in her construction and inadapt- 
 ability to the trade ne\er proved 
 
 much of a success In July, 1S54, she was lined over the falls and put 
 
 on the Astoria route, where her owners had the mail contract. In 
 
 September she was .sold to a company compo.sed of Capts. Richard 
 
 Hoyt, A. S. Murray, and others, who took her to California and ran 
 
 her on the .Sacr.imento River in opposition to the California Steam 
 
 Navigation Companv. She went down in tow of tliC old steamship 
 
 J'tyloiii'a, and proved a losing venture for her Oregon owners from 
 
 the time of her arrival. They were finally compelled to sell her to 
 
 the California .Sieam Navigation Company, whose business she was 
 
 seriously affecting. Slie ran but a short time after this, when she 
 
 was laid no until she rotted. She was then broken up and her 
 
 niacliiner.- used in a smaller boat calleii the S:,-all(i7r, which was also 
 
 dismantled .ifter a short period of activity. The mo: ' iirominent of 
 
 the ll'allaiiiii's masters in Oregon waters were Chas. Bennett and 
 
 .\. F. Hedges of the oUl Defiance Line. Capt. Chas. F. Kraft,"- who 
 
 is still living in Seittle, was also one of her crew. The ( aiiiiiiah. cait. •riii:cm..KK wvuant 
 
 ' The /'.'/v//!' «.!•* a siumII |irn|ielUT l>loii(.;llt up rnirii San I'raiicisni in is.s.i tiy Ca]it. Thomas Ilauk-. one iiC lllc fiiM liar 
 pi It its on llu' Coin in Ilia Slic i-ontinud liL-rst'lf iMostly to jolihiii).,' .iroinnl tlif lower C*>lntiiliia. ami canu- to a sin Men t-nil tlu' I'ol lowing 
 vc.ir liv sw.unpinn olf I'.ih/a l'o:;it. '.)n I'l-li'nary 2), is.i), sln' wasl.iwinj^ a rati ol' 1ol;s I'roni \iinni;'s KiviT to Wi-Klfs sawmill, am! 
 in roinnlin'.^ .^nrlli's I'omt the t'lih tiile I'aii^ht hi*r. .As she was of small iiowi-r slie w.is r- . Uetl to drill with the rail. linalh- 
 unnunlini; on the sai lis a short ili 'anee aliove l''ort Stevens. She l.iiil there nntil thellooil ti.. -li/U'l the lo^-. ^"'".L'iti.U them in 
 oxer the sands .fill dra^i^in^f the sir. imei' with them. Hawks woidd imt enl loose, and the ste.nner eapsi/ed, drtiwtiin,^ tj,-iptain 
 Hawks, engineer Swasey, and three others. Welsh, who had lieen a passeii^ier on the trip, remained on the raft, finally ent it adril'l 
 anil lloateii np to .Astoria, where he nave the alarm. ,\ resi'llini,; jiarty hnrried to the relief, lint when they re.iehed Ihe seene of the 
 disaster the onh" one .di\e was the fireman, who was olin^inj; to the sniokistaek. 
 
 ' Capt. Clii-.rles I". Kr.ifl w.is horn in Prussia, .Xngiist :.v iS^i. .\fter ernisini,' in the M.dtic Sea and other luirope.m waters 
 while .1 liov, he eatn'-' to San I'r.tneiseo in iH(9, and went to Portland in is,si, enlerin.u the m.irine serviee in the Northwest on 
 the sie. inter liiiiiii I', l-'liiil, ahove tile Cascades. lie left her at f'orlf.ind in is.si. and next served on Ihe old ( 'ii'iitii/>i,i for a short 
 time. l-'i,im the ^ '(i///;'/'''/i/ he 'venl to the I'tt^li', wherein' remained as eni^ineer two years. He was aftel waid on the U\i!lnniti, 
 i;oin,i.; with her to San I'ram eo, and on his return In ,<l\l the A'./a'A' and ran her for a few months, when he sold her and 
 relived tenijiorarilv from the in nine Imsiness. .After spending several years in mining and mereanlile jinrsniis in Sonthern ()re,L;oii 
 and Western "Va-hinj;lon, he went to Pn^et Sound and pnrehased the t'.dith /■' on I.ake W,ishin>;ton. lie opii.iied her six vears, in 
 the meantini'.' linildinu the J/iiry l\i\ift. He formed a eomh. nation with the .SeattU' Calile R.ulroad Comp;in\, \\hile jiiesident of 
 the I'niiin N,ivii;alion Com]ian , ,iiid nnder this iiintr.iel ran the steamers Ki' 1,1,1, ,/, M,iiv Kiatl. and lutilh /■', for a year and a 
 half, the Kiitii hnrninj; in iSuj. In isii4 he lii)ai;ht the ihiii/.i/i/' .and took her from the Sound to I.uke W,ishin,nion, While in 
 eommand of tie' k'iiUiiiiJ he had the honor of entertaining President Il.irrison dnrinj; a pleasure Iriji on the lake. .An exeeedinjjly 
 valnalile marine re...- is now in tlie possessitni of Captain Kraft, -the ll.i^s o.*' the old steamship < 'oliinihi,j, whieli vessel rounded the 
 Horn in iS,ii and 'as the first rejiiilar hoal lielween Portland and San I'r.ineiseo. 
 
Steam Naviyaiinn on Upper Willamette, Rapid Growth of Riwr Btisin 
 
 45 
 
 the Astoria, 
 eiit until till.' 
 Tiiey seldom 
 roil of which 
 
 in a sawmill 
 
 feet ; beam, 
 t Astoria, 54 
 
 i was a small 
 
 1 City line in 
 s ronte, with 
 I taken above 
 lich time she 
 
 arrival from 
 he /'i/oiiia. a 
 een rorlland 
 ch had been 
 <ociates ooin- 
 '<n,ici:' She 
 ncted under 
 a mania for 
 iiiiected side 
 
 ^.iwiuill, ;nnl 
 
 ■ rjll, linally 
 
 tlu'iii in 
 
 111,: Ci)iliiiii 
 
 nil it ailiill 
 
 I'l'lU- of tllf 
 
 |uMll waters 
 
 irili»i-.t on 
 
 liir a sliorl 
 
 IWillanifl. 
 
 .1.1 her aii.l 
 
 lurii ()ri'j;i.ii 
 
 lix \-fars, in 
 
 irosiilenl of 
 
 \t'ar ati.l a 
 
 WliiU. ill 
 
 ■Xfft'.lillyU- 
 llllll.lc.l tin- 
 
 
 i 
 
 under the same ownership, continued on the route from Oregon City to up-river points in command of 
 Theodore VVygant,' with .Sebastian Miller, " engineer. 
 
 Captain Hoyt had combined with Captain Murray, establishing the People's Line, operating the steaniirs 
 Miiltnomnh and I'oitlaud in the Oregon City trade. Hreck and Ogdeu were the 
 rortland agents. The steamer J-'as/iion, which had risen from the ruins of the 
 Jas. /'. l-'liiil. in command of Capt. J. O. \'an liergen, was covering .several routes, 
 going to the Cowlitz Monday and TucMlay. Oregon City Wednesday and Thursday, 
 and the rest of the week to \'ancouver and the Cascades. In August the /i'A//(/«(/ 
 began runuiug to \'ancouver, and indulged in .some lively races with the Fashion. 
 The .S7^i(?/r.ii/<';' continued on the upper Willamette, and in August the Wai/ihii^ton 
 left the Columbia for the Unip((ua, where she was run by her owner, Capt. Sylvester 
 J^^ ^^^^ Hin.sdale. " The /..i/ l/'////(<>w/Mvas on the Astoria route, connecting at Rainier with 
 
 ^^^^^HHH^HKi the Cowlitz River Canoe and Hateau Line, which in turn made connections with 
 vHH^^^^^^Hj^^ stages for Olympia and Puget Sound points. The Willamette h'alls Company coiii- 
 ^y'^piiP^ni^'^ menced the construction of a fine steamer for the Oregon City trade, but unfortunately 
 
 she was burned on the stocks before completion. The Pacific Mail Steamship Com- 
 pany indulged in a little experimenting this year, causing the people of Portland 
 
 .serious anxietv for a short time. The companv buiU a i>.i.i,u.iii wluuf at St. Helens, 
 CAi-T Seii,\stia.\ Mii.i.nn ,,-,',,,. ,. , , • ..>. 
 
 and refuseil to allow their steamers to go any farther up the river. 1 hey were 
 
 operating two steamships on the Sau Frauci.sco route, the Columbia, Captains Dall and I.apidge, ' and the l-'icnionl, 
 
 Caiitaiu liurns ; but the Portlanders succeeded in compelling them to reconsider this move by securing an 
 
 opposition steamship, the l\-\iouia, which arrived on her first trip in December in 
 
 command of Capt. Jas. S. Na.sh, anil the Pacific Mail Company again extended 
 
 their service to Portland. 
 
 The year 1.S53 witne.s.sed the advent of local steam navigation on Puget .Sound 
 by American steamers. The Fairy, a sidewheeler ov, ned by A. H. David and Capt. 
 Warren Ciove, was brought from Sau Frauci.sco on the deck of the bark Saia/i 
 ll'iinrii, and under command of Captain C.ove replaced the Canoe express on the 
 run from .Seattle to Olympia. .She was small and slow and cut no great figure in 
 Pnget Sound navigati.m, finally ending her days with a boiler explositni in 1.H57. 
 
 The Willamette I'".ills Company, backed and controlled b; the banking house 
 of Page, Hacon & Compiny, commenced operations opposite Oregon City in is^^ 
 with a view to rivaling the old town. They spent thousands of dollars in building 
 a liasin and liitlkheads and making other improvements, but "lisfortune attended 
 Iheir efforts from the start. Their first steamer was burueil on the slocks at Oregon 
 City, October dth. their next, the Ga:r//i\ blew up with frightful results in iSs.). 
 less than Ihree weeks after she was put in service, and the same v ar the ()>i\,'H 
 
 CAl-r. S\I.\KSTKB UlNSn.-M.K 
 
 Tlit'o.lort' W'y^aiil, a pi.)iK'L'r sleanihoal man of tlu- WillaiiieUf, wan ixtrii in .New V'urk in iS.u. I'poii liis arrival in 
 I Iii'l;..!! lie joiiie.l the Ciinriit^i/i as jnir.ser in May. 1S52. ami after a short time took eomm.-iml. lie was siihsei|iientiy master of the 
 sU-aniiT Siii/'iiii\ all.l from 1S52 illllil 1S5S ran on the WiUametle River ei.iuii lli.iisly, relirill;; from the water in iSs.S to acc-e])! the 
 a_niiu-\ i.f the .V/(;/^//.(' at Ore;.;.)!! C"il\'. He also .lel^'.l as atienl for the stiilll^ rs ( ';/:t'i/r</. h'tlh'i, /'.V4-, .mil others. In iSh^hewas 
 appointe.l Seeretar\ an. I Treasurer of the Orej^on Steam Navi i>. it i..ii Companv, hoi. lini; this important olVu'e, witll the e.\eepl ion of hrief 
 iir.ervals, until 187.J. He next hecame Seerelary and .Assistant 'IVeasnrer of the Orej^oii I<ailwa\- ^S: Navi.ii.ition Comp.iiiy. oeeiipyini; 
 ili.it jmsilion for eii^ht years, resiyniiii; in iSS; to eiiiiatje in the real estate 1ms iiess. In 1.S5S Mr. Wyi^ant marrie.l a iianj.;hier of 
 W tl. Rae. one of the liest known of the lIll.ls^n^^ Ita\' Companv's ajients. Mrs. Wv.eailt was horn on tlii' e.mipain's tannins 
 si earner />'i ,!:'<■ r while lier p. 1 rents were r// r. '/^/(' norlh from i-'oit X'aneoiiver. Ml. \\*\ j^am has preseive'l a 111. ist e .111 pi el e re.-oiil of 
 the marine Imsiness of the Willamelle and Collimhia rivers for a perio.I eoverini; luarh forty vears. ami we .'ire in.r-liU.l to him for 
 iiiiieh valnalile information in eonneeti.m therewith. .\lilioii,i.;ii peiinaiienti\ retire,'. *"'":ii 'ii.iriti";e (.u-siiii... he is still ileeph' 
 interested in anything; pertaining to his old voeation. 
 
 'Capt. Seli.'istian Miller was li.)rn in Ohio in |S>7. ami le.irne.l the engineers' tni.le on the Ohio Kiver, where lie followe.l 
 liis professii)u until iS.s-*, at wllieli time he eaille to * Ire^.ni. Mis first w.u'k here w.'is as eii^iiu-er on the .-leamer I tint' in nil. .in.l from 
 lier he went to the U'llltunitfi', tlu'ii iiinnin^ .'is a in.iil lioal to .\sioria. .\fler serxini; in lliis e.ip.ieity for several \ears, he rei'ei\'e.l 
 iii.isler's (tapers ami went lo the other eii.l .if the hoat. where he has ha. I a var.e.l eareer. His greatest fe.il was in riinnin^ the 
 ^te. liner Shoshnnt' from the upper Snake River to The lialles. a ]jeril.iiis itmlertakin.t; ami on.' wliieli has never sinee lieen e.jiialed. 
 He also Itronj^Iit the steamer .\V^ JViit' i'/iirr (nnn The Palles to I'ortl.iml. an. I w.is ina-.ier of the stertuvheel steamer /it,i;ri from 
 111.' time she w.'is laniu-iie.' until she went to the .S.nin.l. 1 luring the past thr.-i' .leeades he has ha.l .'omman.l of ne.irly foilv .litferent 
 ■-'I'aiiiho.ils on llieWillai' . '.e. Coliimliia .iii.l Sinke rivers. He retire.l fr.nti the water a few M-ars a>;.) aii.l is now li\ iii^ near I irejji.m 
 Cilv, 
 
 ' Capt. Sylvester lliiis.lalewas horn in New \'ork in iSi.j. .in.l al'ier following the sea .iii the .\tlanlie Coast until 1S50 
 .'imie aroliii.l lo i.'alifornia ami (V.)m there to OreL'.m in 1S52. He first eii).;ai;e.l in tne mereantile Imsiiu'ss at .Seotlshureh, hut 
 
 ill 1S5; went to the C.iluinhia .iinl ])ni'ehase.l the little steamer U',i^fiiiti^li>n. wliieh he operati'l on the \ in]ii|iia Rix'i'i 
 
 !i.' took lur .lowli lo the Co.|ilille, lint i 
 
 .\fte 
 
 retnrne.l to the rin])(|iia. ami. when the first ■ 
 
 el limit in Orei;. 111 south of the Colninhi.i 
 
 «.is lanmhe.' at SeottshnrL;Ii in 1S511. lie took eommaiul. This ves.sel was the ol.l seh.ioner I 'iiif'/iui, aii.l Ca)>taiii llinsilale 
 anil San l-raneiseo for ah. ml three \ears, retirin,t; front lite waler to attend to his mere.intile and steamtioat 
 
 ran her lielv 
 
 LMl V 
 
 nip.|ii 
 
 He died in i.araniie, \\'\o.. in 1S70, while on his way home from the Mast. 
 Capt William !•'. l.apiil.t;e was limn in PjihI.iii.I in iSjj. ami sailed out of Liverpool .is a midshipman on II. M. S. Wn/h 
 
 i!ll> 
 
 1 in the iiavv' he entered the merehant si-rviee as m.ister of the hark I, n>i\- lirv,tiif. and sulweipu-iitly e.im ma tided 
 ur sailing; vessels, leaviii),' them to enter the employment of the Ciinanl Ste unship I, in.', leniainiiii; uilh this eonip.inv as lliiril, 
 
 .•\fter six 
 lili 
 
 iilld and first olii.'er fii 
 
 1.1 oil 
 
 ler steatners for t\' 
 
 e\'en and oneli. df \ears 
 
 He 
 
 [line lo the Paeifu' Coast in iS.si. .ind, after iniinin^ iioitli on the (\'hinihitt 
 
 took the steamship /'«/i.i/w lo Svdiiey ati.l sold her for \V, II. ,\spiiiw,ill. He then 
 
 Mlion on the raiiaimi route, where he remained for twenty two years, retiring; ill Septenil 
 
 ler, IS;;. 
 
 ile.l 
 
 ( 
 
 HP 
 
 
 • J m 
 
Si: 
 
 II 
 
 I ! 
 
 46 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marino History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 THK HfnSON'S \iA\ STKAMKK 
 
 was sunk, proving almost a total loss. These fatalities eventually drove them from the river, ami during the h\<^ 
 
 freshet of 1861 their warehouses and other property went floating .seaward, ending forever an ill-starred enterpri.se. 
 The steamship C\>/itnihia and the /'rcnionl \\ai\ extended their trips from the Colnmhia River to include 
 
 Puget Sound, and arrived and departed regularly 
 
 from Steilacoom. The Victoria steam fleet received 
 
 a very important addition in the Hudson's Hay Com- 
 pany's steamer Oiler, the pioneer craft whose varied 
 
 history is excelled in interest only by that of the 
 
 ancient Beavc) . The "old steamer Oiler." as she was 
 
 called to distinguish her from the numerous Ollert 
 
 that disported in these waters in after years, was built 
 
 at Hlackwall, Kngland, in 185:?, was about 220 tons 
 
 burden, with the following dimensions : Length, 122 
 
 feet ; beam, 20 feet : depth of hold, 12 feet. Her ])n)- 
 
 pelling force consisted of two direct-acting, condensing 
 
 engines, 26 x iS inches, which were looked upon as 
 
 marvels of mechanical skill at the time of their 
 
 construction, and had taken the first prize in the 
 
 great London Exhibition of i.S^i, She came out from London in January, 1.S53, in command of Captain Miller. 
 
 with Capt. Herbert G. Lewis," first officer, and Charles Thorn, engineer, arriving at Victoria five months later. 
 
 She was sent out by the Hudson's Hay Company to relieve the /leaver 
 of some of her work, which was increasing as the country became more 
 thickly settled. Soon after her arrival she was taken to San Franci.sco 
 and eidarged to suit the trade for which she was intended She con- 
 tiiuied to run up and down the coast for many years in the interest o( 
 the company, most of the lime in charge of Captain Lewis. She was 
 also commanded at different periods by Captains Mouatt, who took her 
 after her arrival, .Swanson, McCulloch, Meyer, Gardiner, and others. 
 In 1.S77, while the company was making a specialty of steamboating, 
 the Ollei was placed on the run between \'ictoria and Xew West- 
 minster during the winter months, at which season it was fre<inently 
 too rough for the linlerpriir. She also made occasional trips on this 
 route in place of the Ihhicess Louise. In 1880 she sank near Hella 
 Coola and was reported a total loss. The wreck was sold by the under- 
 writers to Captain S])ring. the Hudson's Hay Company repurchasing it 
 and employing diver Harmon of \'ictoria. who descended and shut a 
 deadlight through which most of llie water had entereil. after which 
 the steamer was raised without difficulty and towed to X'ictoria. Here 
 she was refitted and ran for several years, ending I'.er days in the 
 service of the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company, who finally 
 dismantled her and used the luill for a coal hulk until June, 1.S90, 
 
 f^W^ff ^^*^ * ' ^ 
 
 vhen it was !)urned for the coppi 
 
 Two of the crew who came out 
 
 C,\1T. Ul RllKHT **,. I.KWIS 
 
 in till 
 
 imous steamer, 
 
 H. ('.. Lewis 
 
 ILi 
 
 Glide 
 
 sti 
 
 "Capt. Ilerliert d. Lewis, who caiiii.' out as lirst oll'iccr on the i>l/er. is slill living in 
 Victoria, where lor a iiumlier of years he has liecn ship]iitivi master. He was horn in Ivn^ilaiul 
 in i.S'S. ami first eanie to tlie Ni)rtliwesl on one of tlie lliulsun's liay Coiiipany's saihii^ 
 vessels, retintiinylo I-ji).;lan(l within a sh(>rt time .'itnl aii.iin enmiuK out with the Otlrr. .Soon 
 after his arrival lie j()ine(l the /.'( arvr as mate, and as I'ar hack as 1.S56 an item appears on thai 
 vener.able steamer's loij statin.i; th.at the first ollicer. Mr. Lewis, hy oriler ol* the chief faito,. 
 hail ^oiie on hoanl the i'niteil .States steamship .J/,7\V(^7//M(7/\ to ]>iIot her up the I'rase. Ki\er. 
 After the arrival of the steamship I ahoueheie !\Ir, Lewis w.-is niailc c.aptain ami ran her lor a 
 j(reat main \ears. trading' in the .North. 1-roiii iliis service he went to the sifiewheeU'r tintei- 
 priw. rnnninti to New Westminster, ami was in chariie of the Otter on the same ronie for a 
 .short time. His last commaml iu the service of the Hmlsoii's May Company w;is the Pri/tee.^'i 
 /.oui^e. from which he resiLiiieil to accept a pleasanter herth on shm-e 
 
 '■ .Mr. Harrv tiliile of \'ictoria. to whom we arc imlehteil for much valn.'ihh' ilat.i 
 reKardin^ the e.irh- career of tlie steamers lleiiver ami Ottri . was horn in ICn.vil.iml in iS.Vs- In 
 1S50 he lieyan an appienticcsliip with the Huilson's Hay Company on the hark I'niue <>!' Il'ii/es, 
 anil was transfenc'l from there to the steamer Otter in iS,S2, coming to the Pacific with her 
 the following M'ar. The Novate out was an eventful one for tiliile. 'I'he c:iptaill was inloxi- 
 c.'tteil almost constantly from thi- lime tlu-y left the 'riiames until they were well into the 
 Pai'ific. ami niaiU' such a loii^ p.issa^e that all of the crew with the i \ceiitioii of rrliite were 
 down with the scurvy. This ihrew niiicli additional work on the apjireiitice .Mthonj.jh the 
 vessel left hji^land in Decemher. 1S52. it was not until the following August that she entered 
 the slr.iits. Here she narrowl\' escaped destruction, beiniii caught hy a strong; tide and swept 
 through het\\ei-ii 'I'aloosh Island and the inainlaml, forlunaudy without injury, and on , 
 tillde continued in the service of the Hudson's M;i\- Compain- after his arri\ai and received 
 British Colnmhia. It is d.ited July, 1S5S, and w.is issued liy Sir lames Douglas and C.ipt.i 
 
 ITAKIO' C.I. Mil 
 
 Vii^ust ith 
 llu' first p 
 I'revost 
 
 she I'cached 
 dot's ceitilic 
 of H. M S 
 
 Victoria. Mr. 
 lie granted in 
 IHnmpr 
 
 I hi 
 
 IIV 
 an 
 
 str 
 
 w 
 
 the 
 
 as 
 
 So 
 
 sui 
 
 si.l 
 
Steam Navigation on Upper Willamette, Rapid Growth of River Business 
 
 47 
 
 uring the hi}; 
 ed enterprise, 
 ler to include 
 
 ptain Miller, 
 iionths later, 
 e the />'ra:rr 
 became more 
 an Kranci.seo 
 d She con- 
 :ie intere.st of 
 is. She was 
 who took her 
 and others, 
 eamboating, 
 
 New Wesl- 
 s freciuently 
 trips on this 
 c near Bella 
 y the nnder- 
 nrchasing it 
 
 and shut a 
 
 liter which 
 oria. Here 
 
 ;iys in the 
 who linally 
 June, i.Stjo, 
 lo came out 
 are still 
 
 I 
 
 living in Victoria, and they love to relate the exploits of the little flyer which sailed away from the I'lying Cloud 
 and several other crack skimmers of the sea which rounded Cape Morn at the time the Oiler came through the 
 straits, but failed to reach San Francisco until several days after her arrival. Steam was used but little on the 
 way out, and it took nearly a month for the vessel to make lier way through the Straits of Magellan. While there 
 the crew went on shore and found several tons of coal, which had probably been left for some other nurjio.se; but, 
 as it was needed, they did not stop to iiKpiire to whom it might belong During the Indian war on the 
 Sound, the Oiler was chartered by the I'nited States at a stiijend of S300 per day. She created considerable 
 surprise among the Indians, who could not understand her ])ropelliug power, which was so unlike that of the 
 sidewheeled /}enier. 
 
 The growing trade of the Umpqua induced the establishment of a regular service to that point in the fall 
 (if 1S53, the steamship /'reiiioiil making two round trips per month from San iMancisco. The sailing fleet 
 jilying between San Franci.sco and northern jiorts included a number of vessels whose names for years were 
 household words. Among them were the brigs /. A', /.loit.' running to Milwaukie, in command of J. C. Daggett ; 
 :.ii.uj>i Ahixal,'' Capt. Paul Coriio; /•'rciiieisfo,'" Capt. H. I'", Smith: Greeiaii," Captain Phillips; barks C/nis. Pei'eiis.'' 
 Captain Richardson: A'(f//«w/Y(f;','' Capt. Thomas Johnson; .liiieriean. Captain Kirby; .Uiilorv. Captain Hurd; 
 and the schooner Mallhe^i- 
 i'ds.urr." Captain Dodge. 
 
 Plying to Puget Sound 
 ports were the brigs Ceti. /('. 
 A'liiiliill. in command of 
 Capt. A. I). Gove ; ( >A>/, 
 Captain Dryden : the bark 
 Sani/i Worrell. Capt. Warren 
 CiOve, and .several others, 
 including, with the Portland 
 
 llu' sill (iT .\iij,'iist (if that year 
 ho s:iiU'<l ciiiht harks ami t\V(( 
 si-liiioiKTs into \'icl(>ria Ilarhor, all 
 Iroiii San l"rancisi.'ii ; and, when 
 llu'v wciv (lisi'harneil he took 
 tlii-ni (lilt ayain, there hein.e tio 
 Idwhoats in tliose days. In 1S61 
 he married a dan.nhter iif the late 
 Rohert I,aiii<,f, who had joined her 
 r.illuT at X'ietoria in 1S34. Mr. 
 ("ilide left the water several years 
 a.140 and at ]>resent is living in 
 ('()nlented retirement in a snny 
 linnie overlooking theentranee l(( 
 the harhor into whieh he sailed 
 over forly ye.ars a.y;o. 
 
 ^The hriy /. A'. /.«;;/, 
 which (Japlain 1 l.ii;i;itt hninnht 
 to ;\Iihvaukie in iS.s.V was hnilt at 
 r.iadl'ord. Me., in I.S4y. She was 
 owned h\ Capt. .\. I!. Riehardson 
 and Cor> Willision and was ahonl 
 tw-) Innidred tons hnrden. Riih- 
 atiNon took eoinniand in iSsj and 
 
 i.in her lor several vears. most of .X. C. F^iriisworlli i. c. Mii-ll.r clias. r:iKv;u.ls 
 
 the tiinedurinK'theiirties in .\her- '-'"'•' «''* "*" I'n-ois. i--; 
 
 nelhy's p.ieket line. lie was snoeeeded liy Cajilain Mel/j,'er. who was aUeiward inasterol' I'aeilu' Mail steamers on the northern routes. 
 
 "The tiri,!,' Siisiiii . !/</:;,:/, another of the lanioiis c.iasiinK paekels ol' e.irlv da vs. eaine r.innd the Horn in 1S51. .md entered 
 the Colnmhia River .and l'n>,'et Sonnd trade in iS,s5. in eommand ol Capt. Paul Corno^ the lirsl lni;lic>at man on the Columbia River. 
 The liri}; eanie to a tra^ie end, heillK eaptnred and hurued ill Jillv, iShs. hv the rehcl eruiser Sli,ii,iihl,hill. which was then 1,-avinn a 
 nery 'rail of terror in the North Pacilic Ocean, 
 
 '"The hriy /O, ;«,/>,<), liuill in Townselnl. Me., in I.Sp). wa- [ihoul 160 tons register, ei^lilv four feel lonn, twelllv-twd feet 
 lieaiii and eii^lil led hold. She came lo Portland in iSs.! in conim md of Capl.iin I!. I'. Sinilii. .lud was owned hv Massachusetts 
 people when she lirst appeared, lint afterward [lisscI inlo llic liamls of I'ortlanders. She coulillued in the c('.astin!; trade for 
 several years 111 eommand of Captains I.ilihv ,md Richmond, wlio succeeded Smilll, file latter reined from Ihc ~c,i and did in 
 Portland alter niakin.u a comfortahle fortune. 
 
 "The lirix; (ntrhiii. owned hv Heniamin Stark, was built in I'itlslon. Me., in i.S^S, and re.nislered 22^) tons. She arrived 
 here lirsl in i.S.si 111 c.unmaud of Capt. Sam T. Kissam, and in iSj? r.in in eharKe of Captain IMiillip.s. 
 
 'The hark CV/.;v />,reii\ one of the speediest of the earlv s.iiliui,' vessels, arrived at San 1-rincisco from New < hleaus in 
 i\ii, and lorseveuleeii ve.lr■^ w.is cousianilv in the coastini,' Ir.ide. She revristered j'n Ions. Her lenuih w.i^ (Uie hundred and live 
 Icel three inches, heaiii twenty-live feel, depth of hold eiiveii feet. Her lirsl c.iptaiu on the Co.isi w.is .\bel Richards. m, well and 
 I i\or,ihlv kuoHii amoiijr ])ioneer inariiiers in the Norlhwest. I'ollowinn Richard-.iii, the hark was commanded hv Capl.iin-, Ile.il- 
 ■'■•■ iioMs, llovev, and others. Like many of the old-timers she mel with .111 nukind file, and in Maivli. rS7o, beiiij.; de 
 
 out over Coos lla\' bar 
 
 KITS 
 
 .Mlri.l Crnsl.v 
 
 uilll hnnber, was wrecked while allemptiiij; t< 
 
 The bark .\'.lliiiiiii;;ii; . I.iiili .at I'ltlslou 
 
 beiili.; deeply laden 
 
 line of packets and for 
 on u.is her lirsl iiiasur 
 
 cloria. .Mr. 
 jirauted in 
 
 fUl/^i-l. Oil 
 
 , Me., in 1S4S, was mie of tlie first of Ihc .Mienielbv 
 
 -cverd vc.irs m.ide re>;iilar trips between I'orlland, San hVaucisco, and I'linel Scuiiid pons. Thomas hdni- 
 iMcrc(Mniii.i; lo the Co.ist, and was succeeded h\ .\rlhiir, Williams and Reed. 
 
 file schooner ,}f.il/lii\c Fii^^ir. (me liuudred and ei:.,dileen tons re.uisler. seveiitv-si\ t'cel loni;, tweiilv lluee feel two 
 ■ lie les bciiii, seven feel ei),'ht inches hold, was built at I'oiiKdikeepsie, \. V., in iS4fi. Capt.' .-\le\aii.ler Hodxe w.is her lir-.| niisier 
 n.l owner, Capt. Ceorge Trofatter and others siicceediiiK liim. 
 
wfm 
 
 M* 
 
 ni 
 
 48 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific IVorthwest 
 
 and Victoria fleet, the brigs .l,^a/i\ Captain Johnson; .Uol, Captain Hall; .Homo, Captain Demies; Daniel, 
 Captain Ledne, hailing from Milwaukie; Dracut, Captain Cottier, in the Inmber trade from the Columbia: 
 Dudley, Captain Staples; HodirJcn, Captain Farnum; Josephine, Captain Collins; /. W. Havener, Captain Bagley; 
 Nonpareil, Captain Brewes; l^otomac. Captain Slocum; Sof>liia, Captain Collons; Tigress, Captain Dewing; and 
 Vandalia, Captain Beard. Engaged chiefly in the oyster trade were the schooners Kalama, Captain Folsoni; 
 J. Af. RycrsoH, Captain Badger; Maryland, Captain Davis; Sophia, Captains West and Collins; the schooner 
 Quadratns, Captain Given, carrying coal to .St. Helens for the Pacific Mail Company. The barks Louisiana, Capt. 
 A. Williams; Alabama, Captain Falkenberg; llurham, Captain Marshall; Ocean Bird. Captain Powless; and the 
 brig S. R. Jackson, Captain Simp.son, were also on this route. 
 
 The schooner Spray, Captain Hall, arrived in the Columbia, taking the first cargo of lumber sent to 
 Australia from the Northwest. The schooner luidorus. Captain vSeaman, also loaded lumber at Moore's Mill on 
 the /.Cu'is and Clarke, the schooner Harriet at Hunt's Mills, Cathlamet, and the bark Success, then in command 
 of Captain Coupe, left Shoalwater Bay laden with piles. The l)ark Josephine arrived at Victoria from Honolulu 
 with a cargo for the Hudson's Bay Company, and the ship Xornian Morrison returned from Kngland with two 
 hundred colonists. The Nanaimo coal mines, which had sliipped a sample of coal to San Francisco in the 
 Recovery the preceding year, now sent over two thousand tons to that port, tlie ship William taking the first entire 
 cargo. The cost was $1 1 per ton at Nanaimo and 528 in ,Sau Francisco. The harks .hneriean'' and Cullonia, and 
 the ship Robert Burton, arrived from New York with freight and passengers for Portland, Vancouver and Astoria. 
 
 Previous to and even after the arrival 
 of the steamer I'airy on the .Sound, the pas- 
 senger and mail service between Olympia, 
 Victoria and Bellingham Bay was performed 
 by the sloop Sarah Stone, plying regularlj' in 
 command of Capt. Thomas Slater, who, with 
 Henry Webber,'" had the mail contract. An 
 important arrival on the Sound was that of the 
 schooner /-. P. Foster, 154 days from Boston, 
 in charge of Capt. J. P. Keller. She arrived 
 September 5th, bringing machinery for the 
 first mill at Port Gamble. On board were the 
 Captain's wife and daughter, the first white 
 women to land at that point. The Dostci 
 loaded piles and went back to San F'ranci.sco 
 commanded by Captain Talbot, who subse- 
 ipiently returned with the schooner Julius 
 I'rindle. Cyrus Walker coming up with him. 
 The schooners Cynosure and William Allan, 
 Capt. F'ranklin Tucker, were granted register 
 in the Puget Sound district. The former 
 belonged to Enoch Fowler, master, Gilbert 
 in 1845. The William Allan was owned by 
 
 COMTMlltA B.\R ril.ciT SCHCJONKR "C.\MIORNIA 
 
 Wilson and William Talbot and was launched at Porthuid, Me 
 
 William Allan of Bellingham Bay and was built at .Scituate, Mass., in 18,^6. 
 
 At the month of the Colnml)ia the pilot scliooner Maty '/a]'lor wah succeeded by the schooner California;'' 
 and in the latter part of this year the lirig /fope l)roke all previous and snbse<iuent records for long passages 
 between San Francisco and the Umpipia, being out sixty-two days. The year 1853 proved disastrous, 
 especially at the mouth of the Columbia, wliere the Vairlalii wa ; wrecked, January i)th, and the barks .Ifindora 
 and /. Merrithcw perished three days later, followed by the bark Oriole in .September. 
 
 ''The Iwrk .■/»/(';V(r/«, wliicli came oiil this year ooii.siKiieil to I.,eonarcl & (Ireeii, was huill ill Iladilaiii, Conn., in 1845. 
 Her ilimeiisioiis wi-re : lLMi)^lh, ninety ei^ht feet; lieani, twenty-six feet : depth, eleven leel. .-Xfter iliscliarKiiiK her inward cargo 
 she IciHiled hiinher at the Oalc Point mills, continning in that trade for several months. She came (Hil in coniniaiKl of Capt. I.eoii 
 Kirliy, who was sncceedeil hy John WijjHintoii. 
 
 '" CajJt Henry Wehher, of the iiioneer s\oo\> Small Stone, was lioni in Maine in iS2(, coming lo the I'acilic Coast in i.Ssci. 
 Hecomnieneeil his murine career in the .N'ortliwest on sailing vessels plying he! ween ()lym]iia, Victoria, ami Ilellinnham Hay points. 
 He was sailing master all through the Indian war on the noted schcjoiier //. f './'/<,'/•. which he r.iii .il'ter he left the .Srtri/A Stioie. 
 He retired from marine pursuits several years ago .'unl was accnleulally killed at Port 'rowiiseutl in 1S9.1. 
 
 '■ The schooner dili/ontia, perliai)s the best known of all the pilot boats that appeareil jit the motilli of the Columbia, was 
 placed on the bar in the spring of iSyv She w.is built at Sloniugion, Conn., in 1S4S, ami was abciul eighty toils register, 
 sixty. four feet in length, nineteen feet four inches beam, and si-vcu feet ten inches hold. Her first master was Cajit Cieorge 
 Flavel. and the enrollment at the .Vsloria cnslom-lionse credits him with tlireefoiirtlis ownership and Alfred Crosby w ilh one-fonrlli. 
 Conrad Hoelling afterward appeared as an owner, and in |S5,( Ca]Uaiii Ilnsller held a ipiarter interest, which he disposed of in i-S^O 
 to A C. I'arnsworth. Hustler and Crosby were again in proprietorship of the vessel in 1H6S. when her last license was granted. 
 .\11 of the original pilots on the schooner have made their last jiort, lait there are still a few living who were connected with her in 
 the fifties. .Vinoug them may be mentioned .\. J. Helniout, who was also one of the owners of the /\'al<honi, the lirsl bar tug on 
 tile Colnmbia. I*'or the last twenty years he has been in the employ of the Oregon .Steam N.'ivigation Company and its successors. 
 N. C. Kofoed of Ilwaeo was one of her crew, holding the jiositiou of boalkeeper for several years, as did also, for n short time, 
 1'. Iv I'erchen, the well known river pilot. 
 
Steam Navigation on Upper Willamette, Rapid Growth of River Business 
 
 49 
 
 ies; Danirl, 
 \ Columbia; 
 tain Bagley; 
 )ewing; and 
 lin Folsoni; 
 le schooner 
 siana, Capt. 
 ;ss; and the 
 
 ber sent to 
 ire's Mill on 
 :n commantl 
 n Honolulu 
 ul with two 
 nsco in the 
 e first entire 
 iilhiiia, and 
 ind Astoria. 
 • the arrival 
 nd, the pas- 
 n Olynipia, 
 s performed 
 regularly in 
 r, who, with 
 )n tract. An 
 s that of the 
 rom Boston, 
 She arrived 
 lery for the 
 ard were the 
 ! first white 
 The Fostn 
 n Francisco 
 who subse- 
 loner Jitliiis 
 with him. 
 'iam A I hi It, 
 |teil register 
 file former 
 er, Gilbert 
 owned by 
 
 aliio> iiiii;' 
 
 |.i; passages 
 
 disastrous, 
 
 IS .l/zmfom 
 
 ■ill., ni i,S45. 
 ^iiward earn" 
 Capt. I. eon 
 
 |()ast in 1H50. 
 
 Hay points 
 
 larif// .S'Ai«('. 
 
 Iliinihta, was 
 Ins re|j;istt'r, 
 |a])t Geor^ff 
 1 one-fonrlli. 
 
 \i\ of in iHs'i 
 granted. 
 
 Iwitli lier in 
 bar tuj; on 
 
 J successors. 
 
 Isliort time. 
 
 The bark VandaHa from San Francisco, E. N. Beard, master, was lost January 9. 'S.S.V She was last 
 .seen by the Grecian on that day standing in, and .several days later the hull was found bottom up on the 
 beach near NfcKenzie's head. Four bodies came ashore, among them the Captain's and that of a boy fourteen years 
 old. The Indians were kept from plundering the wreck by Me.ssrs. Holman, Meldrum and Scudder and Colonel 
 Stewart of Pacific City. Exact particulars of the accident will never be known, as there were no survivors. It 
 i^ supposed that the bark missed stays while beating in and drifted into the breakers, where she sprang a leak and 
 afterward foundered. 
 
 The bark MWora, Captain George Staples, was wrecked January 12, 1853, while on her way from San 
 Francisco to Portland. After lying off the bar for twenty-eight days, she crossed in with a strong breeze and 
 proceeded as far as Sand Island, when the wind died out and she anchored. A strong current caused by the 
 ebb tide and freshet started her to dragging, and she went on the middle sands, striking at ,S:oo p. m. The sea was 
 breaking over her .so heavily that the Captain and crew were forced to abandon her at 10:00 o'clock and goto 
 Astoria. When the pilot boat went down the next morning she had disappeared. The wreck afterward 
 drifted out to sea and came a.shore between Shoalwater Bay and Gray's Harbor. 
 
 The bark /. M,r>illi,-a\ Capt. Samuel Kis.sam, sailed from San Francisco, December 18, 1852, with 128 
 tons of general merchandise. She arrived off the Columbia bar, December 30th, at 9:00 i-. m., but on account of 
 lieavy weather stood off and on until January 12th. On that morning, seeing no pilot, and having a fair wind 
 and flood tide, she sailed in as far as the red buoy on Clatsop Spit, 
 when the wnid gave out, and she was forced to anchor. Site came 
 ill like the Mindota, but anchored a little south of her position and 
 dragged on the middle sands, lying there until the ebb tide, pound- 
 ing. The masts were cut away, and she lay easier, although the 
 sea made a clean breach over her. At 9:00 a. m. the pilot boat 
 rescued the crew, and during the day a southeast gale finished the 
 work of destruction. Her hull afterward drifted seaward and finally 
 came in near Cape Disappointment. 
 
 The brig l\oanokr was en ronlc from San Francisco with a 
 cargo of general mercliandi.se in charge of Captain Barrett, and had 
 alreadv nearly broken all records for long passages, having been 
 out fifty days, when she attempted to cross into the Umpqua, Feb- 
 ruary 2, 1853. The unfortunate ves.sel was wrecked on the bar, 
 and only a portion of the cargo was saved. The crew escaped. 
 
 The brig l^'timvinvr, which was wrecked at Rose Spit in 
 .\ngusl, 1S53, was a coinjiaratively new vessel, having arrive<l at 
 Victoria from iMigland in May. In August she left for h'ort Simp- 
 son in cominand of Captain Reed." Captain Swanson went up with 
 her as pilot, as he was familiar with the waters of the North, 
 while Reed was a new man. The night of the wreck there was a 
 good stretch of water ahead, and, after giving the course to the 
 (liiartenuaster and to Reed, Swanson went to his berth for a iia]i. 
 No sooner had he retired than Reed changed the course and in 
 short order had the brig agrouiul. The wind was blowing a gale, and it set her on the spit with such force that 
 it was impo.ssible to float her. .\ l)oat was sent to Fort Simpson, and the ^(Vftvv was disiiatched to the .scene. 
 The Indians claimed the wreck, but Captain Dodd, with an eye to the business interests of the Hudson's Bay 
 Company, alter drenching her with oil set fire to her. The news of the disaster did not reach Victoria until 
 October, and on the arrival of the crew Captain Reed was promptly dismissed from the service of the company, 
 and Swanson was exonerated. 
 
 The schooner W'illaintlli- was a [.So-ton ves.sel en ionic from San Fninci.sco to .Shoalwater Bay in charge of 
 Captain N'ail. .She made a rattling passage up, and four days out from the Bay City ran into Gray's Harbor by 
 mistake. After lying there fourteen days awaiting better weather, she attempted to cross out early in .September, 
 missed stays and stranded. Two seamen, in attempting to reach shore in the small boat, were drowned. The rest 
 of the crew remained on the ves.sel until their provisions were exhausted, and lliey were rescued in a starving 
 condition by a .settler on the harbor. 
 
 The bark Orhlc. Lewis H. Leiitz, master, from San Franci.sco for Astoria with building materials for the 
 C;ipe Disappointment lighthouse, was wrecked September 19, t.^^^-. She sailed from San Francisco, August 
 -"^lli, and arrived off the Coliinil)ia bar, .Septemlier iStli. She took Pilot h'lavel aboard that night at 9:011 p. m. 
 :ind stood off and on until daylight of the nineteenth. At noon she caught a southwest breeze and scpiared away 
 lor till, bar, entering at ,v"" '"• M- The wind died out, and, the ebb making fast with a heavy sea, slie dragge 
 
 C.AITAIN Swanson 
 
 (1 to 
 
 ni 
 
 "Capt. James M. Reed, who was iu cominanil of tlie Vaiicouz'er when she was wrecked, was lioni in tlic Orkney Isles in 
 
 IS'.V iuitl made liis first trip to the Northwest in 1S52 011 the unfortunate ]'iiii 
 
 mile 1 
 
 .\fter the loss of llu 
 
 cl hi 
 
 liiiess at \'ict<iria, reinaiiiin^ there ntitil his ileath in 1S6S. 
 
 cngam' 
 
 1 in 
 
 I, 
 
^\ 
 
 50 
 
 Lewis cf Dryckn's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 CvVlT. K. M. WIIITK 
 
 leeward, striking very heavily on the south sands in seventeen and one-half feet of water. The rndder was 
 unslii, ped, she was leaking badly, and the tide was setting her out to sea rapidly. As she had hetcni 
 unmanageable the crew al)andoned her, and just outside the liar, in five and one-half fathoms of water, she rolltd 
 over on her beam ends and sank. Fifteen minutes afterward nothing was out of the water but the tojisail 
 yards. Thirty-two per.sons escaped in boats and were picked up by the pilot .schooner the next morning. In 
 appreciation of his skill in preventing loss of life. Captain Kent/, prescntt'd Captain Flavel with a fine testimonial 
 The Peruvian l)ark Josrpli ll'iirnii, 250 tons, in ballast from San Francisco for X'ancouver I.sland, saikd 
 November 13, 1.S53, and on November 25th, in latitude 42° ,^0', longitude 1,^1'^ 20', was ' knocked down" bv a 
 
 gale and her decks swept clean. The masts were immediately cut away, l)ut slic 
 remained in a sinking condition until the Stli day of December, when she was run 
 ashore under a jury mast, a .short distance below Vaquina Hay. The second matt 
 and three seamen were drowned. I'eter Young, master, H. I.orcnzen, mate, am! 
 Andrew Adams, seaman, came to Astoria and filed jirotest. The survivors drilled 
 about on the bark for thirteen days and suffered greatly before they finally 
 reached sliore. 
 
 The brig J'a/os, from San Franci.sco for .Shoalwater Hay with several 
 pa.ssengers aboard, piled up on I.eadbetter Point in the fall of i.Ss^ during a thick 
 fog. The captain was drowned, but the pa.ssengers and crew reached shore in 
 safety. The vessel was a total loss. 
 
 In 1854 a "steam canoe" was no longer a curiosity to the Indians in the 
 Northwest, and only on rare occasions did they go out to welcome the mariner^ 
 with tomahawks as in olden times. Instead they crowded aboard whenever a 
 vessel appeared, begging tobacco, firewater and other luxuries, freriuently helpinj; 
 the crew to load and unload. It was about this time that many of the lirst 
 families of Washington received the names which they have since borne. The 
 jocular crews chri.stened them Daniel Webster, Andrew Jackson, deneral Washington, etc., and, gradually 
 becoming accustomed to the new titles, they adopted them. 
 
 This year witnessed an innovation in Northwestern steaniboating, — the building ol the first sternwheeler. 
 Prior to this date propellers and sidewheelers were the only steam craft which had been tried here ; Inn 
 Captain Ainsworth and Jacob Kamm concluded that sternwheelers were better adapted to the river busines> 
 than the other styles. An experience of over forty years has since proved 
 the wisdom of their theory. They built the Jennie Clark at Milwaukie, 
 on the same spot where the Lot W'hUeomb was constructed; and after 
 her completion she was placed on the Oregon City route with Ainsworth 
 in command, where she continued for several years. In 1S62 she enjoyed 
 the distinction of being the first regular seaside boat, making a weekly 
 trip to Clatsop Landing on the Lewis and Clarke River. This was after 
 the steamer had passed into the hands of the Oregon Steam Na\igation 
 Company, and was almost her last work, as she went to the boneyard the 
 following year, where, after her engines had been removed and .sent up 
 the country to furnish power for the pioneer steamer Foity-nitic, the old 
 hull remained until October, 1865, when it was burned for the iron. The 
 feiDiie Clark was a primitive boat compared with the sternwheelers which 
 followed her. but, owing to the fact that she was jilanned by two of the 
 most successful and practical steamboatmen that ever followed the river, — ' 
 
 few of the prominent features of her construction have sime been improved 
 upon. The steamer's dimensions were : length, one hundred and fifteen 
 feet; beam, eighteen feet six inches; depth, four feet. Her machinery 
 (12x48 engines) was brought from Haltimore. A one-half interest in 
 the .steamer was owned by Jacoli Kamm, and one-fourth each by 
 Captain Ainsworth and Abernethy & Clark. Kamm afterward sold three- 
 sixteenths to Josiah Myrick, who took command, and Aiiisworth's share ''"'' '" " '"'"'■ 
 was purchased by Theodore Wygant. Another fine but short-lived steamer, the dasellr, was put on the upper 
 Willamette, but went skyward in one of the most terrible boiler exi)losions whicli ever occurred in Oregon. 'I'Ik 
 Citizens' Accommodation Line was running the steamers C'anrn/ali, Capt. George IC. Cole, and the Fraiiklm. 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 
 '^ 
 
 ^-. 
 
 '■'The Bteamcr Fnviklin H-a.s luiilt ,il Camiiiiili in 1.S5.1, .■uid slarU-d on till' njiper WiU.iniotlc in the Tail in roninian'l "I 
 Cajjt. C. v.. Swcit/or, wlio was suc('t't'<U-il 1>\' Ca])t. I\. M. W'liile. .She was owiieil 1)\- .M. M. MeL"ar\er, Jenniniis MoCarvcr. iii-i 
 !•;. M. While, anil ret,'islcrucl forlj -nine Ions, with tlie following ilimensions : Unglh, ninel\ -lliree feel; lieani, sevenlecn feel si\ 
 inches ; ilepth, Ihree feel. 
 
Steam Navigation on Upper Willamette, Rapid Growth of River Business 
 
 51 
 
 Capt. U. M. While," to Corvallis and Salem, respectively. The Defiance Line had the steamers W'allamct, 
 Cai)lain Hedges, and the Fciiix, Capt. John Miller. The Wal/aiinl was brought over the falls by Captain Bennett, 
 .\ugust -nl, and placed on the Astoria route to take the place of the Lot IVIiikomb, which had been .sold to California 
 parties and started down the coast August 12th, in tow of the steam.ship Pcytoiiia, Captain Flavel taking her over 
 the l,>ar. The IValhinuf commenced an opposition to the Multiwmah, which had the mail contract, and the fare was 
 reduced to eiglit dollars per head, with freight at the same rate per ton. In December the second sternwheelcr was 
 launched by Capt. .\. S. Murrax and George Hoyt. vShe was named the Hxpress,'' and Captain Murray operated her 
 in the Oregon City trade. The old ''mhioii was .sold again this year, passing into the hands of Shields & Priestly. 
 The steamer /iiilc was plying to the Cascades to connect with the first steamer built above that point, the Mary, a 
 small sidewheeler constructed by the Hradfords and I<. \V. Coe. '' In command of Captain Daughman, the Mary ran 
 in connection with the /Idle and the Fashion until 1S57, when she joined forces with the Si-riorila. While not so 
 noted in a financial way as some of her more pretentious sisters before and since her time, the jy/arv was an important 
 factor in some of the liveliest Indian skirmi.shes in which the pioneers participated. A particularly interesting 
 account of one of these diversions is given in the following letter written in March, iHsfi, by L. W. Coe to 
 I'. K. Bradford : 
 
 "Till' sU'iiiiier .l/ir/r l,iy in Mill Creek, 110 fires, and the wind hard ashore. Jim Thomp.son, John Woodward and Jim 
 Hfrm.'iii were just Koi"K "P t** ^^^^ hoA\ from the store as they were fired upon. Capt. Dan Iljin^jfhinan and Thompson went 
 .isliore on the upper side of theereek, hauling' on lines, when the firing of the Indians became so hot that they ran for the wooils. past 
 hnnan's house. The fireman, James Linilslay, was shot through the shoulder. Kn^ineer Ruckminster .shot an Indian witli his 
 rc\c)lver on the ^an>;-plank ; and little Johnny Chance, while climbing upon the hurricme deck with an old dragoon pistol, killed 
 liis Iiiilian, Iml was shot llirouKh the lej; in doinf,' .so, Dick Tnrpin, half crazy, probably, taking the only fjun on the steamboat, 
 jiiMipeil into a llatlioat lyin^; alongside, was shot, pluuKeil overboard and drowned. Fire was soon started under the boiler. 
 and steam was rising;. .About this time Jesse Kempton and a half-t)reeil named Hourbon, both wounded, got on board. .Vftcr 
 suflicient steam to move was raised, Hardin Chenowith ran up into the pilot hou.se, and, lyiuf; on the floor, turneil the wheel .is he 
 uas directeil from the lower deck. It is needless to say that the pilot house was the 
 l.uxA for the Indians. .As the steamer turned arounrl and backed out, he diil toot that 
 wlii-tle at them K"od, and it was music in our ears. The steamer pickeil up Herman from 
 the l)ank al ove; and Innian's family, Shepard and Vanderpool all ^ot across the river 
 ill skiffs, and, boanlinf,' the .'Afrr, went to The Dalles. .At The Dalles the .IAi» )' took on 
 lioanl Col. ('.cort;e Wright, and troops, and starteil back for the Ca.sc.ides." 
 
 By the time the Mary reached her destination, reinforcements had 
 begun to arrive from \'ancou\'er on the steamer A'c.'/c, and from Portland on 
 the Fit ill ion. 
 
 The C,a-:iUe. which will live in history as the victim of the first .se- 
 rious lioiler explosion in the Xorthwe.st, was the second steamer built by Page, 
 Hacon & Company, the first having burned on the stocks at Oregon City. 
 She was a sidewheeler with disconnected engines, and made her trial trip 
 .March i.stli, in command of Captain Robert Hereford. On the 8th of April, 
 wliile lying at the wharf at Canemah. her boiler suddenly exploded with 
 terrible residts, instantly killing Rev. J. P. Miller of Albany, Judge Burch 
 of Luckiamute, Mr. Morgan of Rickreal, Mr. Hill of Albany, James 
 White of Salem, Dan Lowe of Oregon City, David I'uUer of Portland, C. 
 Wadsworth of Milwaukie, passengers ; Da\-id Page, superintendent of the 
 Willamette Falls Company, owners of the boat; John Clemens, pilot of 
 the iniuilc : J. M. Fudge, pilot of the Wallaiiut : Jacol) Bloomer, Mr. 
 Hatch, J. K. Miller, Michael McOee, deckhands: Henry Traul, steward: second engineer Plant and three 
 others; wounding Mrs. J. P. Miller, Charles Gardner, Robert Pentland, Miss Pell, Crawford Dobbins, Robert 
 Shortess, B. F. Nevvby ; Robert Hereford, captain ; John Boyd, mate ; James Partlow, pilot : and John Daly, cabin 
 
 Capt. William Dall 
 steam.ship ■' Columbia ' 
 
 " Cajit. v.. M. White, son of ,S. ,S. Wiiite, who started one of the first regular lines of sailing vessels between Portland and 
 Sail I'rancisco. was born in Illinois in iS.;2. .After cominj; to Oregon he ran for a while as pilot on the steamer /.<'/ Whitionih. 
 leiiiiiiiin;; with her uiilil the I'laiiklin was built, when lie bought a part ownershi]) in that boat and took oominand. .\fter niiiniiij; 
 her for about a year he traded his interest for a niercanlile establishment at Oregon City, and retired from the river fi»r many years, 
 leiiiniiiig to the marine vticatiou in iS.So. taking charge of the steamers Ockiahama. . l/ia', and other boats of the Oregon Railway 
 ,S; Navigation Company. He died in Portland in October, 1S91. 
 
 ' The steamer A' r/i; ('(.(. the second sternwheeler built in the Northwest, was launched al Oregon City, December 7th. Her 
 iliiiieiisions were : length, 1 1 1 feet : beam, twenty feel ; dei>th, four feel. She registered about sixty-nine tons, and was built by a 
 coiiqiaiiy .'U the head of which was Capt. .Alexander Sinclair Murray. His .-issociates were Captain Washington, John Torrence and 
 I'.inrge W. Iloyl. Murray ran her for a while on the Oregon City route and made money. In iS,57 Wm. Irving boug.t Torrence 
 uut and took eoininand, meeting with some red-hot ojiposition from the J\fiilhiointih and the Jenuit' Clark the Ibllowing ^-ear. In 
 iN.sS Irving purchased ^Murray's interest and continued on the old route, with a trip on Thursdays to Miniticello. After disposing 
 cpf Ills ]iartiiershiii, .Murray went to British CoUinibia and engaged in steamboaling, and, as Irving was impres.sed with the 
 tt]i]M»rliiiiilifs in that region, he sold the I'l.vpri'ss to i)arlies afterward interested in forming the Oregon Steam Navigation Comjiany, 
 aiifl Cipt. James .Strang ran her until i.Sft^, al which lime she was broken up, and her engines were sent to Lake I'en d'Oreille for 
 llie steamer Mary .Moody. 
 
 Capt. Lawrence W. Coe. who was interested in the steamer Mary, was a son of Nathaniel Coe, the first postal agent in 
 llu Nciilluvest. He was born in New York in i8,'<i. and, after coming to Oregon, served as purser on the Foshioii between Portland 
 and llif Cascades in i^i^.v He ran the ste.amer Mary fiir about a year, ami then sold out to Hradford ic Co., entering their employ 
 a- luiiiager. .About iiSsS, in coujunclion with R. R. Thompson, he secured the government contract from The Dalles up, and 
 laiill the steamer Coloiiii ll'iii;/ii, a full aeeounl of which will be found elsewhere. The same year Ihey completed the steamer 
 /"( it'.'nr at the Cascades, in i^!5i> the 'iVnifio. and a year later the Okafh\tiaii. The interests of Coe and Thompson on the middle and 
 u|>|ni liver were then consolidated with those of .Ainsworth, Kanim. the Hradfords, Kiiekel, it al., and the Oregon Steam Navigation 
 Coiiii'.inv came into existence. Coe was appointed manager at The Dalles, and in i8(>3 he went Mast anil bought the material for the 
 port iLi mad al the Cascades. On his return, having amassed a comfortable fortune, he disposed of his possessions in the Northwest 
 and u 'loved to San I'ranci.seo, where he has since resided. 
 
 f 
 
 ■V ' 
 
' I! 
 
 52 
 
 Lewis (J Drydens Marine History of ihe Pacific Northwest 
 
 boy. A defective pump and poor boiler are the causes to which the accident is generally attributed, althoti);h 
 but little is known about it as the engineer, Moses Toner, hurriedly left the boat a few seconds before the 
 explosion and disappeared, and the second engineer was killed. The catastrophe occurred at ^1:40 a. .m., shortly 
 after the steamer landed at Canemah on her way up from Oregon City. Several people aboard of the Wallamrl, 
 which was lying alongside, were injured. Toner was heard of afterward on the Sound, but he never returned 
 to reveal what he knew concerning the disaster. Jacob Kamni, who was engineer on one of the Oregon City 
 boats at the time, states that the iron of which the boiler was constructed was of a very poor grade, being wtak 
 and brittle, and liable to give way under any sudden strain. The wreck was sold to Capt. Richard Hoyt, 
 Murray, Wells, and one or two others, who launched it over the falls, August 1 1, 1S55, refitted it and called the 
 new craft the SeTiorita. The machinery was eventually placed in the Hassalo and larger engines given to llie 
 SeTiorita. 
 
 The Hud.son's Hay Company's steamer Oiler made .several trips between Victoria and San Franci.sco, carrying 
 cranberries and other Hritish Columbia products, and occasionally offered a few tons of coal for .sale at the Hay 
 City. In October the steamship Columbia towed the steamer Wallamel from the Columbia River to San Francisco, 
 Captain Hoyt going down with her. 
 
 Better steamboat facilities were demanded on Puget Sound, and in the fall of 1854 the steamer flfajoi 
 Tompkins appeared on the .scene and went into service between Olynipia, Victoria, and way ports. She was a 
 small propeller built in Philadelphia in 1847. From there she was taken to New Orleans, where she ran until 
 
 1850, when she went to New 
 
 York, and started for the 
 
 Pacific. Her d i mens ions 
 were : length, ninety-seven 
 feet four inches; beam, 
 twenty-three feet three in- 
 ches ; depth, seven feet five 
 inches ; tonnage, one hun- 
 dred and fifty-one. After her 
 arrival on the Coast .she ran 
 on the Sacramento River 
 until she was subsidized to 
 retire in 185 v Tlie following 
 year Capt. James M. Hunt 
 and John M. Scranton se- 
 cured the Puget Sound mail 
 contract and bought llie 
 Major to perform the service. 
 .She sailed from the Bay City 
 early in September, in charge 
 of her new proprietors, hut 
 did not make a rapid pas- 
 sage, consuming sixteen 
 days to the Columbia River 
 
 and nearly three weeks in reaching her destination. Her career on the Sound was brief, as she was wrecked 
 February 25, 1855, while going into Victoria harbor, less than six months after her arrival. The wreck was 
 sold to Robert Laing, who saved a portion of her machinery, but the hull was a total loss. 
 
 The steamship service between San Franci.sco and Northern points at this period was performed by tlie 
 Pacific Mail steamers Columbia, Capt. William Dall, Republic ''^ Captain Isham, John Bermingham,* chief engineter. 
 and Frcmonl, Capt. Kdward Mellis, the former as the regular boat, the others making occasional trips, while the 
 America, Captain Mitchell, and the Pevloiiia, Captain Sampson, were running in opposition. The America had jnst 
 arrived from the East, and was working up a good business on the Northern route, when her owners, \'andewater 
 & Brown, quarreled, and the steamer was in the hands of the Court for several months before they adjusted tlieir 
 
 "The steamship Republic, which the Ricific Mail was running to Si. Helens, was a small siilewhecler. She lame lure 
 first in commanil of Capt. J. H. (V. Isliani, and ran reijnlarlv until 1857 and afterward at intervals. Her masters ilnring this period wkk 
 Ishatn, Baby, Lapidge, the Dalls, and others. In 1857 she w.is operated in hot opposition to the steamship Commodore, owncii liy 
 John T. Wright, o»i one occasion racing this vessel all the way from San I'rancisco to Portland. 
 
 *Jolin nertninghani came to the Pacific Coast on a sailing vessel in 1.S47, and has witnessed the growth of the steamship 
 branch of the marine tnisiness from its inception. When the gold excitement made the Panama route the richest field ever ent* reii 
 by steamships. Captain Bermingham began running south from San I'rancisco as engineer on the steanishi])s of the Pacific Mail 
 Company. He went north about 1,855 on the Kcpuhlic, and in 1855 was on the Portland route again as chief engineer of the /'aiiunhi 
 with Capt. I'. R. Baby, and in 1856 was on the Columbia of the same line with Capt. William Dall. In September, 1.856, he left his 
 steamer and assisted the Bradfords in their steamboat euterprises on the Columbia River, returning to San I'rancisco the same 'e.ir 
 and joining the steamship Golden .tge as chief engineer, remaining with her on the Panama line for five years, anil in 1S61 re i red 
 from the water. He has for many years held the position of Supervising Inspector of Steam Vessels, with heaihpiarter in 
 San Francisco, ami is well known to everv marine man on the Pacific Coast. 
 
 Stkamship " RKrtlii.lc' 
 
 i 
 4 
 
 ■\ 
 
 ilifficu 
 
 rc'iiaini 
 
 >ailed 
 
 James 
 
 Joiin 
 
 .1 CTL'W 
 
 extract 
 
 1.. get 
 rillamo 
 lir.ivv S 
 I. IV by 
 |iMnip> 
 iiiickels 
 Di-.'i-inli 
 t<'r\ ; el 
 uinil nil 
 111 lell 
 l.r^!cll 111 
 oil broai 
 ijuiet. 
 went tn ]| 
 
1, althoujTh 
 s before the 
 , M., shortly 
 e Wallanifl, 
 er returned 
 3regon City 
 being weak 
 •hard Hoyt, 
 (1 called the 
 Tiven to the 
 
 ico, carrying 
 B at the Day 
 II Francisco, 
 
 anier Majoi 
 She was a 
 ihe ran until 
 ivent to Xtw 
 ted for the 
 i in e n s i o n s 
 ninety-seven 
 hes; beam, 
 jt three in- 
 ven feet five 
 s, one luin- 
 e. After her 
 'oast she ran 
 iiento River 
 ubsidized to 
 'he following 
 M. Hum 
 ranton se- 
 Sound mail 
 bought the 
 the service. 
 ;he Bay City 
 in charge 
 irietors, hut 
 rapid pas- 
 si x t e e n 
 imbia River 
 IS wrecked 
 wreck was 
 
 nied by tlie 
 "engineier, 
 while the 
 iia had just 
 Tandewaler 
 justed their 
 
 le came lu-re 
 . period «ete g^ 
 7r, owiR'il in* 
 
 steamship 
 ever eiitt ictl 
 Pacific :Mail 
 the /'aiit!'ii,i 
 1, he left liis 
 le same ^ ear 
 lS6i rcl rcit 
 li|uarter in 
 
 Steam Navigation on Upper Willamettfi, Rapid Growth of River Business 
 
 5i 
 
 ilifliculties. She was finally sold to Lucas, Turner & Co. for $y,s,ooo. In the fall the old Panama liner Isllimiis, 
 
 run anted the SoHllu'iner, took the J'n/oiiia'.i place, but was lost by Captain Sampson near Cape Flattery. She 
 
 >ailL(l from San Francisco on her last trip December 2oth, with the following officers : F. A. Samp.son, captain ; 
 
 lames Freeborn, purser; J. L. Foster, first officer; N.J. Hlai.sdell, second officer; F. Clayton, chief engineer; 
 
 jiihii llardling, assistant engineer ; William Thompson, steward ; 
 
 ,1 crew of nineteen, and twt iity -eight pa.ssengers. The following 
 
 (..•itract from her log tells the story of her last trip ; 
 
 " .M liiireka Dccemher 22il. .\t Cresiint City I)eceiiil)er 2,vl. t'nalile 
 In m'l in at I'ort Orlbril or I'm|)i|ua, si> went on for the Cohinil>ia. I'assed 
 rUl.iniouk Head at lo a.m. Dcceiiihcr 25 ; oir Columbia bar at 1 i'. M., with 
 hi ivv S. W. swell. Ilngines out of line an<l racked liy the swell ; leaking. 
 I.iv l)v imtil <> !'• M-, a'lil, as could not t{et in, ran for I'unel Sound with all 
 |)ulii)is working. .\t lo I'. M. t^Hining so that I)assen^;ers had to hail with 
 Ijiickcls and throw cargo overlio.ird. Kept water down to engine room lloor. 
 pcicmlier 2hlh at dayliglil sighted land twenty-six miles sonth of Cape I'lal- 
 tiTv ; engines working very slowly ; stood along the coast close hauled to 
 uiiid initil I 1'. M., when leak gained too fast and stern began to drop. Ran 
 in Icn miles .S, Iv of Cape I'lattery and anchored in seven fallioms ; sandy 
 liculi under Ice. Sea broke over and she dragged ; .slippe<l chains ami went 
 nil broailside. Cut away mast and smokestack, and the tide fell and left her 
 ijiiiet. .At daylight everybody got ashore safely, and, the sea rising, she soon 
 wcnl to pieces." 
 
 Four small vessels which afterward became very well known 
 
 ill the Northwest were built 011 Puget Sound in 1H34. They were 
 
 llic .schooners//. ('. Page,'' Capt. Henry Roeder ;" the ./. )'. 'I'lask-," 
 
 Capt. James Keymes ; the /;"«////«• /'a'Xw,'' Capt. James Jones ; and 
 
 the sloop Col. Ebiy," Capt. I,. B. Hastings.'' Many of the vessels 
 
 111' the lleet which came round the Horn during the gold excile- 
 
 iiRiil in California had passed into the hands of local owners, who 
 
 were running them in the Northern and coasting trade. In this 
 
 fleet were the barks liutnham. Captain Kinney,"" Melivpolis," j,,,,^. „^„„,^,.„^„ 
 
 l-'rotii photos liikfii lit I'urlliuul. or., in is,s.(, iiiul at 
 .... fF .. .. .- , , . , ■ Siili Frmiciseu, Cal.. in iSyj 
 
 ' llic schooner //. C. I\ifif, one of the best known among the pioneer 
 
 craft on Paget .Sound, was built at New Whatcom in 1854 by William Utter, her master, Henry Roeder, and R. \'. Peabody. .She 
 was about seventy feel long and registered forty-two tons. She ran in the Hellinghani Hay and Victoria trade many years, in 
 command of filer, Xlorehoase, llarnes, Dberg, anil other veterans, finally coming to grief in i'S5o, while fii loii/i' from Port I.udlow 
 to Victoria, being caught in a tide rip about ftair miles southca.st of Trial Island. Her deck load shifted, and she filled and capsized, 
 afterward righting and drifting ashore on Whidby Island, near Deception Pass. 
 
 ■Capt. Henry Roeder was born in (iermany in 1H24, and at an early age came to this country, beginning life on the 
 water when a boy of fourteen on Lake Krie. .\t the age of twenty one he was master of a vessel and sailed on the lakes until 1S51, 
 
 when he came to Califiunia. He arrived on the Sound in 1851, and Ihal year, 
 in company with R. V. Peabody, buill the schooner //. C. /'itgi\ the Ihiril 
 vessel registered in the custom-house of the Piiget Sound district. He also 
 constructed the schooner Cnnenit /Itii'iiv in 1.S59, and operated her on the 
 Sound until 1.S61. .After the bark (Hiiiifisi' ran on the rocks at Clover Point, 
 she was sold at auction to Captain Roeder, who pulled her oifand look her to 
 Port Ludlow, where she was repaireil, and continued in the service during 
 the next three years. 
 
 "The schooner . /. .>'. Trust, built at Port Discovery in 1854 for Capt. 
 James Keymes, was forty-six feet long and registereil tweniy two Ions. She 
 traded with the Indians along the Northwest coast for several years, and was 
 the first vessel to go up the Snohomish River, During her trading career she 
 was in command of" Ca])t, John IC. Hums. 
 
 •'The schooner /inti/ir J\tri-t'>' \\i\s built at Olymiiia in 1S54 by Hiram 
 I>. Morgan for Capt. James Jones. ,She was a small but speedv craft and 
 carried on a thriving business. Her dimensions were ; length, forty-four feet 
 four inches; beam, eleven feet. 
 
 ■'The L'd/. /{/inwiif, built at Port Townsend, and s died most of the 
 time by her owner, Capt. 1.. IJ. Hastings, one of the founders of Portland, Or., 
 and Port Townsend, Wash. The /iVwr was only forty feet long and of twenty 
 tons burden. 
 
 ■'■'Capt. I.. B. Hastings was born in Vermont in 1.S14. and on coming 
 to the Pacific Coast settled at Portland with I.ovejoy and Pettigrove in 184S. 
 His son, Oregon Hastings, now living in Victoria, was the first chihl born on 
 the site of the present melroiiolis of the Northwest. Not fully realizing the 
 future in store fijr their town on the Willamette, Captain Ha.stings and 
 Pettigrove left in 1S52 for Port Townsend, where they founded another city. 
 While on the Scnind Captain Hastings was interested in several sailing vessels, 
 and, when they were in a measure supplantetl by steamers, he becatne owner 
 or part owner of some of the best known of the pioneer steam craft. He died 
 at Port Townsend in June, 1S81. 
 
 '"Capt. Simeon B. Kinney, who saileil between .San I-'raneisco and 
 Puget Sound ports in 1S54 on the bark />/trri/uii/t, was born in Varmouth, 
 Nova Scotia, in iStjg, entered the West Inilian trade when a boy, and, after 
 sailing all over the world, arrived in San p'rancisco in 1852 in the bark Ihikt' of lt't'//ini^h>n. Two years hater he went lo tlie 
 Sciiiiiil ill the Jliiyiiliam, followed the coasting trade a while and then went inlo the foreign service again, returning in I.S6S as 
 nia-.tcr of the bark Cwrt'i/;*/, in the I*uget Sound tratVic. In 1S70 he left the vessel lo engage in the stevedoring business in San 
 Ir.iiHJsco, where he remained until his death in 1873, 
 
 " The bark .)/i?/;ii/o//.(, which begin coasting in 1854, was in command of Ca])lain .Surman. In 1855 she made a trip to 
 ."iig, and from 1.S56 to 1.S58 inclusive was running lo Honolulu in charge of Captain Preston, who was succeeded by Captains 
 ami Dr\den, 
 
 Ilnll'. 
 Rikx 
 
 r 
 
 m 
 
 M' 
 
 -■ :ii!ii- 
 
 !i!i!f 
 
i 
 
 
 i 
 
 ;■> 
 
 1 
 
 
 ! 
 
 L 
 
 : 1 
 
 S4 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden's Marim: History of Mo Pacific \orthwest 
 
 m^ 
 
 Acadia,'' Naliumkrin;, Clias. Dtvois, Malloiy, ami Archibald Gtixtic; brigs //(//ciw/, Cai)lain I'Miivtl, /. /•'. I.uni, 
 Afelrflf>olis, Fiandsco, Cyn<s" awA h'int;;sl>i(rv : scliooncr.s /. A'. W'hilnii;, Ca\-t\.. Samiiol HIair," /'fiiin-s.u-c, llnnid,'" 
 and A'A/c. Early in the year Capt. I'lnocli I'owlcr, who hail arrived on the Sound in 1S53, purchased the San 
 
 Francisco pilot schooner A', li. Pollfr, and ran her as a mail and dispatch Uoat under 
 
 charter to (lovernor Stevens, to carry supplies, etc., to the various Indian camps 
 
 ^^^^ about the Sound. The follev was in coniniand of Capt. Franklin Tticker" the 
 
 ^^^^^B greater portion of the year. The schooner Hrlif'sc, Captain Harrington ' " was alsd 
 
 ^^^^^^^ in the freighting and trading business in this region, making her head(|uarters at 
 
 ^^^^^^ Wliidby Island, where slie was owned. 
 
 ^HH9 The Hark Success and the ship Liuas took coal cargoes from Hellingham il.iy 
 
 ^^jB^Bj| to San Francisco, but this branch of the coasting trade had not yet reached great 
 
 ^^^H|^^^^^^^ proportions. The Hritish bark Sciialoi loaded with piles at Sooke for the Sandu icli 
 
 ^^^^P^^K^^Kf Islands, and the Swedish brig Doniui Maria, Captain Sampson, sailed tor San Fraii- 
 
 Ijj^^H^^^Hj^ Cisco from the same place with i7,i><k> feet of piles, but wa.-. .vreeked May .<;,d, forty 
 
 ^^t^^Ktr' miles south of Cape Mendocino, when six days out. Tlie master had been inialile 
 
 ^^^^ to get an ob.servation for three days on account of fog. When she struck, tlie 
 
 masts were cut away, easing her so that the crew reached shore in safety, anil 
 
 after a thirty-hour walk they arrived at Bodega, where the scliooiier S<i-ccrcii;ii, 
 
 CAiT. LKANKMN T.cK.K Captalu Fltcli, took them to San I'rancisco. 
 
 Among the arrivals were the bark /o/iii (,. Col/cv, Capt. \V. 1'". Kippen, at Astoria, March 7th, from New 
 York, and the brig F.olian, Capt. John H. Briard, also at .\storia from New York with general mercliandi.se. The 
 I''nst India Company's sliip Marquif of litiltc arrived at \ictoria under charter to 
 the Hudson's Hay Company. With her, as second olhcer, came Capt. James 
 Mclntyre, who for the succeeding forty years held a prominent place among 
 Northwestern mariners. The British brig I'rinccsi Loniae and the barks ( olinda 
 and Prince Albert arrived at Victoria for the Hudson's Bay Company, and sub.se- 
 (juently went around to the Columbia and loaded at the mouth of the Willamette. 
 The brig Tarquina'" was purchased l)y a parly of Whidby Islanders, who operated 
 her on the .Sound. The United .States schooner Moiilerey spent considerable 
 time in the Columbia, and her officers cut nearly as wide a swath as did those 
 of her namesake which appeared forty years afterward in the same waters. 
 
 The lo.ss of life by marine disaster was greater than in any previous year, 
 the terrible boiler explosion of the (ia:cllc and the loss of the J-'ire/h claiming 
 the greatest number of victims. Other wrecks beside the Soiillicnur and Donna 
 Maria, previou.sly mentioned, were the Loid Wcslon, lumber laden from Sooke 
 for England, which went ashore on Vancouver Island, the schooner Junftirc. 
 lost at Shoahvater Bay while outward bound with a cargo of oysters for San 
 I'ranci.sco, and the brig William, wrecked at Nitnat, the captain losing his life. CAir. i; livKHiNi.i.iN-, sr. 
 
 '- Tlie liarli .liix/iii. Captain Cousins, was built at Surrey, Me., in 1S45, and registered at tile Astoria I'listoni-lumse, Ajiril i.i, 
 1S54, tonnage one hundred and ninety-nine. 
 
 '"The lirig Cyrus was a speedy little craft of two hundred and thirteen tons register. .She was owned liv I.afavette Ilalili 
 of Steilacoom and Curtis & Karwell of .San Kranciseo, and after running for several years between I'ortland iiid San' I'rancisin 
 was placed in lialcli iS; Weber's packet line to the Sound. William Higgs was the best known of her masters. 
 
 '■'Tlie/. A'. //'/////Hi; was this year in command of Capt. Samuel Hlair, who afterward became vi rv proiniiienl, 
 accumulating a fortune in the marine Inisiness on this Coast. Captain lilair was a native of Ireland, and was born iii iSiy. Mis 
 lirsl voyages were out of Ihe Knglish Channel in 1846. In 1S4S he went In .New York, sailing on the Atlantic Coast until 1.S411, 
 when he visited the Pacific on the bark .^fary li/alerman. Tlie first four years after his arrival were spent in sailing sloops and 
 schooners on the .Sacramento. He then look command of the ./. A". Wlnliii/;, and ran her to Columbia River ami I'ugel Sound 
 ports for a decade. He was next in charge of the bark A'/rw/, operating her ill the I'uget Sound trade for live vears, then gi.ing tii 
 the ship Commodore, which he sailed for six years. Good managenienl and forninate inveslmenls enaliled him to lav the foundalioii 
 for a fortune, and he retired from the water in 1X74 to look after his various interests, which have since rapidly increased. 
 
 '•■' The schooner Harriet made her first trip to the Columbia with a cargo for .\lexaiider Ririiie, her ilestinalioii Iiiing Ilnnl's 
 Mills, at Cathlamet. She was in command of Captain Sargent at this time, and he was succeeded by Coflin, Melville, and otliei- 
 
 '■" Capt. Franklin Tucker, at present keeper of the lighthouse at V.iWi 1 look, was horn in Maine in i,Sih, and sailed mil 
 of Boston in 1H44. In the following years, prior to his arrival on the Pacific Coast, he visited every port of imiiortame on the "loin-. 
 In 1848 he was cast away in a brig olf the Hahamas, and five out of the crew of nine were drowned.' His first work on the I'acifn- was 
 on the old brig Ceori;e Emery, and he enjoys the distinction of having handled the first mail packet on I'uget Sound, the old 
 schooner K. II. Potter, between Olympia, Seattle, Steilacoom, Port Townsend, and liellingliam Hay. Cajilain Tucker is one of llie 
 few remaining of the i>ioneers who witnessed the advent of American steam vessels on I'uget Sound. 
 
 '•■ Capt. I'Mward liarrington, Sr., who was sailing tlie Ectipse on the Olympia and Victoria route in 1854, was one of lie 
 best known of the pioneer navigators on the Sound. He was born in Ivngland in i.Svi, and his parents removed to Nova .ScoUa 
 during his childhood. He went to sea when he wiis fifteen years old, and in 1S4S reached California, running a water boat betwec ii 
 .Sausalito and San Prancisco iluring the gold excitement. He arrived on the .Sound in 1.8,^2, and, in company with a man iiann 1 
 C. C. Phillips, carrieil the mail between Olympia and Whalcom in an Indian canoe, a very risky business at thai time, as the nativi^ 
 were ugly. In i.S,54 Harrington and Phillips bouglit the schooner lutipse and commenced a general freighting business lietwein 
 Olympia, Victoria, and other Sound ports, at the same time conducting a store at Oak Harbor. In i.Sj,^ they built the famn ^ 
 schooner Growler, which took the |)lace of the lutipSf. The (!ro;eler ran for several years, and proved profitable long all r 
 steamboats began to appear on the Sound. Captain liarrington died in January, i.S.S^, leaving a wife and six children, the eldi t 
 of whom, Capt. Kd. liarrington of Seattle, is one of the best steamboatnien of his years on the Sound. 
 
 '" The brig Tanjiiiiiit, registered this year from Whidby Island, was built at Perth Ainboy, N.J., in 184.1. Dimensions: lengt'i. 
 ninety feet ; beam, twenty-six feet; cleptli, ten feet four inches ; tonnage, two hundred and ten. .Since running in the Pacific Coal 
 trade she has been owned by Capt. .\. M. Simpson, afterward by \Vm. Kobert.son and .Samuel Hancock and sailed by lulward Myci>. 
 
m 
 
 m 
 
 ( IIAl'Tl-R W. 
 
 AfHivM. 1)1 Stkamkk •• Tk wiu.KK " ON I'icliT Sou.NU — Loss oi' Tin; "Major Tomi-kins"— I'I'ckt Soind 
 ,Sti:ami:k.s "\Vati:k I.ii.v" and " Daniki. Wkiisti;k " Tiiic Pionkhk Stua.msiiii' " Cai.ii'oknia"— 
 Sti'Amsiiu' "Amkkica" — Tin; "Jami:s Clinton" Rkaciiks Ivi'c.knk City on tiih Wii.i.ami;tti;— 
 Indian Tkouiii.hs on tiik Commiiia and I'uc.kt Soind -Tim; Sti;amsiiii' " Oki;<;on " -Sciiooni;r 
 'Cai.ami;t" — \Vki;ck oi' Tin; "Dusdkmona" — Akkivai. oi' Stkami;r " Constitition " — Stka.mi;k 
 "Ska Uikd" — Sti;aiiiioats " SfRi-RisK " and " Ivi.k ' — Stkamkks "Hassai.o" and " Mointain 
 HrcK " — ^Sti;amkk " \'ANeorvi;K " — A TrAi.iTiN Kivick Stkamhoat— Okkcon's First Hak Ti'o. 
 Tin; " I'i;aki.i;ss ' — Tin; Hakkkntink "Jank A. 1'ai,ki;nherg "— Stbamkk " I'okti.and ' .S\vi;i'T 
 OvKR Orec.on City P'ai.i.s— Hoii.kr Kxri.osioNS on Sticamkrs "Fairy" and " Wasiiinoton ' — 
 
 Kl'S'I TO Tin; I'-RASKR RiVKR OoLD MiNKS— BuiI.DINi; OK STKAMKRS " IvI.IZA AnDKRSON " AND 
 
 "Jri.iA" — I,oss OI Tin; Sti;ami;r "Th wki.kr" — Tin; "Venturk," tiik First Steamer to Siioov 
 Tin; Cascadi;s -Tin; Ndvki, Trip oi' tiik "Makia" i-ro:m San Francisco to rniKT Sound. 
 
 ANU'iATIOX l)y Atiiericaii steiini vc'ssels on 1'ugi.t Soiiiul met with a setback in 
 1S55, which left the residents of this fur-olT corner of the fiiiti States without a 
 steamer for tlieir local trade, the J/'/i''' 'I'oiiipkim having been wrecked early in the 
 year while entering X'ictoria harbor. The field was vacant, however, but a .short 
 time. Cajjt. J. (1. Parker' purchased the iron propeller Tiaviley in San I'Vancisco 
 and, after removing the machinery, loaded her on the brig /. />'. /trouii and took hei 
 to the Sound. She was launched at Port (lamble, after being rcl)iiilt, and was placed 
 on the mail route between Olympia, Steilacoom and Seattle, making occasional trips to 
 Victoria and Port Town.seiid. The '/'ntir/rr will live in inarnie history as the first 
 steamer that navigated the waters of the Duwamish, White, .Snohomish and Nootsack 
 rivers. She was built in Philadelphia in the early fillies, brought round the Horn in 
 
 SLctions, and put together in .San I'Vancisco by Charles Peters, who sold her to Edward 11. Parker, who in turn 
 
 disposed of his interests to J. ('.. I'.uker, After taking the steamer to the .Sound. 
 
 Talker ran lier until the dose of the Indian war in 1S57, when his engineer, William 
 
 \. Hortoii,' bought the vessel, and chartered her to the Indian Department, but 
 
 I'unliiiued ill charge until March, l.'^5.S, when she was wrecked off F^oulweather Bluff, 
 
 Cfipt. J. (i. I'.irkcr is protmbly the oldt-st liviii>; nia.sler ami pilot of steam vessels who has 
 iiavi.i;ale(l I'lijiet Soiiml anil its trihuiaries from Olymiiia to the sea. He was hnrii in Kingston, 
 i-'aiiatla. in iS2<j. .\l that time liis fatlier, Capl. J. ('.. I'arker, .Sr.. was a steamboat owner ami 
 iiii--ter, ami with his brother Kenben .\. hail built the piom-er steamers A'in^i^sfon ami 'roionto. 
 Tliiy plieil on Lake Ontario between .Sai-kett's Harbor, Kinj;slon. Toronto ami Hamilton, tlie 
 loititifo lastiti}^ over forty years. Tlie I'arker family removed to Koehester. N. \., ami the snbjeirt 
 i>l our sketeh resided allernateh' in Rochester. UnlValo and Detroit, leaving the latter place in 
 1N5I rorCalirornia. He came onl as messenger forl'.rcKory .S: Company's Mx press on the steamship 
 l:liihii\ Cajjlain Harlstein. from New York to Chanres, ami crossed the Isthmus of Panama when 
 llie mule trails were in the worst possible condition, pi-oceeilinj^ to .^an I-'raneisco on tlie old 
 ^i'lewlieel steamshi]) i'ttli/'ot tiin, Cajilain Itudd. In the sprinj.^ of iS5^ he sailed on the steamer 
 /. ( '. /■'iriiioiil lor rortlaud, frcnn there K"i"K' "P ""' Cowlitz River with an ollicer of Ihe Hmlson's 
 h.iy Coinp'inv in an Indian canoe, ami thence overland to Olym])ia, where he enj.'aged in the 
 .general merchandise and express business, ami constrncteil the schotnier /''^lily /'". l\i) kt'i , Ir.'iding 
 wiih heron the sound bel»een Olymiiia, then a very small settlement, ami I'raser River. In i.Sss 
 and is,s'i he wjis master and part owner of the iron screw steamer Ttii:'tit'r, at that lime the only 
 American steamer on I'unet Sound. Since then Captain I'arker has oflleiated as master, jiilot or 
 I'lrser on the iiioneer steamers . l/ii/ii, hiilnl, Xiiii/i l\ui!ic, Mcuc'iki''' and Paii). He sold out his slcainboal interests in iSS; to 
 his sons Cilmore and Herbert, skillful masters and pilots on I'uget Sound and its tributaries. 
 
 ■William N. Ilorton was born in New York in iS^i. He became an en|,'ineer on the Missi.ssippi steamers, rnnning to 
 -New Orleans, and in 1.S49 joined the rush of gold seekers to California. In 1S52 he removed to Oregon, where he was enyjiyed as 
 I'ui^inccr on the pioneer steamers Lot il'liitiiimh and /•'us/iicn. In 1S55 lie went to San I'rancisco with Capt. J. (',. I'arker, returning 
 \>'''i him to the Souml on the propeller TniVt'lry, on which he was employed for a niunher of years, finally purchasing the vessel. 
 .Mtcr the loss of the '/'nnvln he was employed on the steamers Nea' fVoiiit, Eliza .hii/iisoii, iFihoii C . Hunt, and various olbers. 
 llv died at Olympia, March iS, 1I387. 
 
 CaI'T. J. (i. r\KKKK 
 
 lif:^ 
 
 ■i '1 
 
56 
 
 Lvwis cj Dryilen's Murine History of thi' Paoiflo Northwest 
 
 Wii-irvM N. HoH rn 
 
 in tliosL- (l.ivs of liniilc'il facilities and 
 
 whilf III roide from Port Towiisiiul to I'lirl (Jiimlilc, in coininaml of Captain Slater, l-'ivc juTsons were lost willi 
 the steamer i see wreek of /'nin/rr, IM^H). p'ollowin^; the /'nitr/ir on these waters eame the U'd/ir l.i'y, \\ small 
 siilewlieeler built in San l'"rancisco in i8s,^ ami transporte<l to the Sonnd on the ileck of u ship. The ll'n/tt l.ily 
 
 wa.H only forty-nine feet long with einht feet heam unci four feet hold, nnd was so slow and frail that .she seldom 
 
 wnndereil far from Steilacooni and Olympia, althon^'li her owners, limit iV Scrnntoii, h.id purchased the steamer 
 
 for the route formerly tra\ersed by the Mtijo) '/'onif>kiii\. Almost c<mlemporaileously with the advent of llu- 
 
 ll'ii/i) /.I'/y, another infantile steamboat named the /hiiiiil U'i/>\/ii made 
 
 her appearance. She was built in New York in 1S5.', and on coming to 
 
 the Sound was reconstructed by Capt. Wni. Webster, master nnd owner. 
 The threatened Indian outbreak on Puget Sound in iS.s.S was the 
 
 means of hastening several ('.overiunent vessels to the .scene of the 
 
 expected hostilities, .\motig the fleet were the I'nited .States steamship 
 
 MtfiSiii/iiisills. Captain Meade, the sloopnfvvar Piniliit, and the revenue 
 
 q\\\.Xk:x Jf(f D<ivis. The Massmliiisi lis, which in those days was regarded 
 
 as an extensive piece of marine architecture, was one hundred and 
 
 sixty-one feet long, thirty-one feet beam, twenty feet hold, and registered 
 
 seven hundred ami seventy-nine tons. The /liavcr and her recently 
 
 acquired helper, the Oltir, were kept busy on the Uritish si<le of the 
 
 line looking after the growing interests of the Hudson's May Company, 
 
 nnd incidentally towing any vessel which happened to be in need of their 
 
 services, irrespective of the flag under which they sailed. All of the 
 
 Hudson's Bay .ships arriving from Kngland brought colonists, and trade 
 
 was flourishing on sea and shore. 
 
 On the Columbia and Willamette few additions were made to the 
 
 steam fleet, except on the middle river, on which were the steamers Allnii, 
 
 Captain Gladwell, the Mary, Captain Haughman, and the Wasco, built 
 
 by Put Bradford, to coiuiect with the J'asliioii for Portland, The expected 
 
 arrival of the Wasco on the scene evidently had a bad effect on freight 
 
 charges, for the old lines announced in July that rates would be reduced 
 
 to thirty dollars per ton to The Dalles, which was considered very low- 
 crude transportation methods. Melow the Cascades the /icl/c, Juis/iion and /Cai;/c were rutniing to Portland, and 
 
 the Multnomah had almost a monopoly of the Astoria trade. The Jciiuic Clatk, Captain Ainswortli, and the 
 
 Portland, Captain .Murray, were on the Oregon City route, and above the falls the Caiicinah was running to 
 
 Salem in command of Captain Cole, with George Pease, pilot. During the summer Captain Pease assisted 
 
 Captain Cole in elTecting the first steainlioat combination on the Willamette. There were three steamers above 
 
 the falls, the Cancmah //ooslcr and Fianiiin. John Zumwalt, who owned the /foo.uci, had the mail contract, 
 
 and, in order to dispose of this latter vessel, the L'ancina/i carried the mail free on condition that /umwalt would 
 
 lay the //oosic, up. The pool was 
 completed by tying the I'lanktiii up 
 and giving her owners an eipial share 
 in the proceeds of the traliic. The 
 dajcl/c, which blew up the year before, 
 was bought and taken below the falls 
 by Murray and Hoyt, and rebuilt for 
 the Astoria and Cowlitz trade. .She 
 was first called the Saiali Hoyl, but her 
 name was soon changed to the Sciioiilo. 
 The steamer /uilcrpi isc. which 
 in after years was distinguished from 
 the other lintcrfiriscs by the name 
 'I'oiii Jl'r/x'l/t'.i /intir/»isc. was buill 
 by Capt. Archibald Jamieson, Captain 
 .Murray, Amory Holbrook and John 
 Torrence, in the fall of 1.S55, for the Willamette trade. She was an open hull boat, 115 feet long by 20 feet 
 beam, and was driven by 12 x 48 inch engines. Her oflicers on the first trip to Corvallis were : Jamieson, captain : 
 Chandler, purser ; and Torrence, engineer. George Pease was afterward employed as pilot, and John Marshall, 
 
 ■'Joliii Marsliiill, wlio suoreecU-d John Torrence as uii^^ineur 011 the /uitcr/n isc, lias sei-ii as niiuli (.•oiilimioiis .service on 
 the WilhiineUe and Colnnihia rivers as any enKineur now living. .Alter leaving the /iii/ci/iinc he was inlereslecl with Ca|)taii 
 Sweit/.er and others in Imildin),' llie /C/i, on wliich he ran as engineer, leaving lier to join tlie A' r/'/vi.t with Capt. James Stran); 
 afterward K"\"K lo IheCiiiric /,«(/</ with liini. In i.S'i.i he was on Die /n/iii U. Coiiih and the /tilin m\ the .\storia ronte witi; 
 Captains llolniaii and Wolf, and snhseiiiiently on varions steamers, anions which were the l)k,tiwf;aii, Captain .Slrann ; Sciialoi . 
 Capt. Charles Kellogg; .tlicc, Capt. Miles Dell; Governor 6';oi'£T, Capt. James Wilson ; ll^illaiiictle ChieJ, C&^\.a.iu lia'.ighmau : 
 Wide West, Captain Wolf ; Bonita, Capt. Gus Pillsbury ; and Hassalo, Capt. L. A. Bailey. 
 
 \Vll.I,.\MKr TK AND I'KASKH Rl\ KK STKAMKH " HNTKKPklSK 
 
Puj/ot Sound Steamboata, GolJun Days of Fraaer River Navigation 
 
 57 
 
 iiiKiiifcr. Slif ran lii'lwrfii Onunii Cil; . Cammuli and Corvallis until iM^H, ami in July of that Near was lioiiKht 
 liy Capt. TiUM Wrinlil. wlm lined her ovir the tails and took her to the I'raser Uiver. Slie left Astoria in tow 
 of the regular steainsliip, but wntt so terribly nicked in crossing; out that she began leaking, and it was only by 
 llie merest eliance that they not her liatk into shallow water at Astoria before she sank. She was r.iised and 
 ivpaireil, anil stalled an.iin in August, this lime in tow of the steamship I'miji,, for N'ietoria. I''r<mi the time the 
 /■liitiif'thf was placed on the I'raser, on which she was the fonrlh skamcr, she coined moiie>- ; but the spirit of 
 
 coni|nest, ever strong in the redoubtable " Captain Tom, induced him to take 
 her to dray's Harbor. After nearly losing her before pa.ssing Cape Flattery, he 
 succeeded in entering the harbor. She sank three times before finally reaching 
 the headwaters of the Chehalis, and after all lonnd but five .settlers on the river 
 to support a boat. 'I'hey charged him fitly dollars lor a lew vegetables, butter 
 and eggs, and, as soon as he could recover hii .self suflicieiitly to speak, he 
 expressed his opinion of sleamboating on the Chehalis, tied the boat uj) and 
 returned to the Souml. The following spring he had an opportunity to recover 
 most of his money by taking (lovernnient troops ami supplies down the river at 
 high water ; but, as the old steamer was too frail to be removed to a route wbcic 
 there was business, she was dismantled a few miles below Skookum Chuck and 
 the machinery sent to Chin.i. 
 
 The old Coiiiiiiliiii continued to be the regular ste.imship between Sau 
 h'ranei.sco and Northern |)orts, touching at Crescent City, Port Orford and Trini- 
 dad, but during the year i.s.ss she was reinforced for a few trijis by the /\,fiil>/i, 
 iiul the sidewlieeler r((///i»v//<(,' the latter being the first steamship built for the Oregon trade, antl the first 
 .Xmcricin steamship that entered the Pacific. With Capt. William Dall and Chief Engineer I Iiigan in charge, 
 she was dispatched to Fort \'ancouver in November with troops to assist in quieting the Indian troubles. One 
 of the lioilers becoming disabled while on the Columbia bar, the steam ran down ami the vessel narrowly 
 esca])ecl drifting into the breakers. In the midst of these tront)Ics a fire started near a (|uaiUit\ of powder and 
 was extinguished with great 
 dilliculty. The steamer 
 r e a c h e d N'aiicouver, where 
 another company of soldiers 
 joined her. and sailed for Stci- 
 lacoom. .\fter discharging 
 cargo and passengers she pro- 
 ceeded to San Francisco, 
 making one of the longest 
 steamshi)) trips on record. She 
 encountered a tcirible storm 
 nIT Cape l'"latlery, in which 
 the second mate was washed 
 overboard, and her engines 
 were disabled, compelling her 
 to proceed to San Francisco 
 under sail, arriving twenty- 
 stveii days after leaving the 
 Sound. Her long absence 
 
 created but little comment. l-iist .\nu-ricnii -leitln^hip to round the Utirii.- l-'rom n l»h,,to tnkt-Ti in i 
 
 
 m'^'^f 
 
 'Till' sU':nif.liii> (ii/i/iiniid, wliiili \v:ls oh the Ncirtlierii riiiili' in iSs.S. was tlie first Aliierieaii steainsliip to double Cape 
 irnrii. iitiil \v:is (111 lln- storks ill Nru Yiiik hflore ycilil \va^ ■listMiviTi'd in CalilDriiia. Willi the (>ii%'i''r and I'miiiiiiii, she had ln'fii 
 iiUi-iidrd lt» i-arrv i):isseiij;i-rs and mail tietwi'eu tlit' Cnlnintiia River and the Islhnins in the M-rviiiol' the I'aoilie Mail .StiMin^hip 
 Ciiinpain', then iie\vl\- orj^ani/ed. San l-'r.iiuMM-o hcinj^ iit that tinif altiiDst an nnknown I'ai-lnr in I'.inlir Coast marine husitu's^,. 
 The tliree vessels weiv hiiilt at alMinl the sanie time under the supervision iii Capt. William .Skiddlf. .1 naval constrnelor in the 
 vinplov of the t'nited Stales (iovernnient. and. while the i'alif\>i nia was yet niilinislK-d. her «nvners. who were not \ery wealthy, 
 saw th;it they winild he nn.dile to eoniplete her, and askeil aid from Coii^,'ress. The recpiest w.is ^rallied on eondition that the 
 sleaniers eonld he nsed h\' the (lovernnient lor war purposes in ease the emergency shotild arise, ami with this iiiiderslaiidin^ some 
 alterations were inaile. nothing hnt live oak heiii^ used in the hull, and she was slreiij^thened throu^hont. The /l/z/i////,/ was the 
 lirsl of the Meet to leave for California, hnt she hroke down liefore K"i"K f''r and was olili;;ed to return for repairs. In the nieantitne 
 the Califoitiiti had started, and while she was on her way round the Horn the ^'old fever hroke out. news of the wonderful 
 diseoveries reachiii).; New \'ork soon after her dejiarlnre and sending a Iarj.;e nnml.'er of ad\entiirers to ranania to await the arri\al 
 of the I'ulifoniiii cm the I'aeilie side. When she leaehcd the Isthmns she found a irowd larj;e eiionKli for several steamers of her 
 si/e. and fahulons jniees were paid for even a tew feel of deek spaee on hoard. On l-'ehrnary 1. iS p^. I he steamer ea me 111 roll j;li the 
 Meads at S.iii l-raneiseti. She ran hnt little on the route lor which she li.-td heeii intended, hnt continued to run to Panama for 
 marly Iweillv \ears. with oce;isioiial trips .\'<n-lh. .-Xnuni;^ the cajitains who eominandetl her in the Northern trade were Iljill. 
 Whitiiif;. Whitney. Thorn, llewitl. CreKory, Koyers. Hayes, and llornshy. Iter dimensions were ; len(;lh, -'.'5 feet: heaiii. ii feet ; 
 depth of hold, iS feel, .She made her last trijt as a sleiimer in iS74. taking the pioneers who came out with her on her lirst vova^e 
 (or an eseursion alxnit the Hay <if San h'ranciseo. Scum after this she was ri;,'geil as a sailing vessel ami operated in the lumher 
 ir.ide. inakin>; her last trip from I'ort Iladloik in tile fall of 1.S94, and early in '**9,5 was reported ashore on the coast of South 
 .\mirica, witli a poor prospect of heinjj saved. 
 
 I !1 
 
 
 P 
 
 IB "'i'^ ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 t. 
 it 
 
til 
 
 
 58 
 
 Lewis cf Dryckn's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 until lie ropoitod at San Francisco, as, in the absence of telegraphic or other means of coniniunication, those 
 interested in her welfirc supposed that she was still waiting orders from the Ciovernnient at some Xorthern 
 port. The steamship ./wiv/c.f. Which had been running the preceding year, was also (iressed into service by 
 
 the War Department, and in June started for Portland with 132 soldiers. She ran 
 into Crescent City to discharge some freight, and while lying there an incendiary 
 fire .started in the coal bunkers. IJefore it could be extinguished the vessel was so 
 badly damaged that she became a total loss. She was owned at the time by John 
 T. Wright, and was in charge of Capt. A. O. Jones and Ivngineer Clayton. 
 Patrick Moran,' the veteran steward, was also one of her crew. Wright placed 
 his loss at #140,001), with no insurance, and as soon as the news of the disa.ster 
 reached San Francisco he dispatched the old Goliah to complete the voyage. 
 
 The steamer Oiler made occasional trips to San Franci.sco from Victoria, 
 
 carrying a few tons of produce and filling up with coal, which, however, was not 
 
 easy to dispose f)f in the Bay City owing to the twenty per cent duty. The 
 
 Xanainio mine shipped nearly j.ooo tons during the year, the Hritish Inrk Ci'liinln 
 
 taking the largest cargo, about 750 tons, while the Hamburg brig AV,<c took _^_^o, 
 
 and the brig Sarah Mfl'arlanc 160 tons. The coal mines on the American side, 
 
 especially those at Coos Bay, also .shipped several cargoes, the steamer Hiimboldl, 
 
 iMrKn.K MciK vN j],^, |,^rk Sitnrss, and the brigs .S". A'. Jatkson, (i/riiioe and Oiuti/raliis, carrying 
 
 the black diamonds to San iMancisco, and the schooner Xrlly and another ve.s.sel from Coos Bay to Portland. 
 
 Th." l)arks A'a/iiiiiihiit; and . /. , /. Jildrii/i>i- ran lor a while in the Bellingham Bay coal trade. Other sailing vessels 
 
 from San h'ranci.sco to Coos Bay were the schooners . Isforia. Loo C/ioo. Raiiibh r and Kiiiulerr; and the Sho.il water 
 
 Bay fleet included the schooners J-ixarl, J-.mf-irr. /■^(/nily, Alfiod Adams, Mary laylor and MaiyUuid. the last 
 
 named meeting with an accident in Decemb-r liy which the captain, K. P. Baker, and the cook, Mor.se lost their 
 
 lives ; and the vessel was towed back to .San 1 rancisco dismasted. 
 
 The schooner/. A'. ',' 7/ ///«i,' sailed Ivnu Portland in March with i 10, oou feet of lumber, 75,000 shingles, 
 and _^o tons of flour and potatoes, shipped by Lot Whitcomb, who went with her, Leonard iS: Green purchased 
 the brig Orbil and operated her in the Sandwich Island and China trade, where she ran for several years in 
 command of M. C. F^r.skine. The other ves.sels of the coasting fleet running to the Columbia were about the same 
 in name and number as in the preceding year. The bark I.ivt- Yankee sailed from Puget Sound for China laden 
 
 with lumber, and the fleet engaged in this trade be- 
 tween San Francisco and Puget Sv.nnd ports included 
 the barks /Ironies, Mary Melville, .Uadoiiiia, Sarah 
 IVarreii, Carib, the brigs/. /!. Ihoaii, Consort, I.eonosa, 
 Franklin .Idain.s, Ilaleyon, Merehanlnian, ll'e/lini;sby, 
 Cleiiroe, R D. Wolf, and the ship /etiobia, the latter 
 making two trips fnini Alaska to San F'rancisco with 
 ice. Tillr.mook car e to the frjut with a home-built 
 schooner, the Morni.:i; Star,' wnich made her first trip 
 to the Columbia in F'ebrnary. Another small schooner 
 was constructed at Port Ludlow and christened the 
 Moses 'loner.' From Victoria the Hudson's Bay Com- 
 pany dispatched their schooner h'eeoieiy with a cargo 
 of salt salmon for the Sandwich Islands. 
 
 Among the disasters in ; .'.ditioti to those 
 Asa / Mccri.Lv occurring to the steam fleet were the loss of the invm mi.ci i.i.y 
 
 ' TIu' .Itnen'iii, which arrivfl at ,Saii I*rancisc<i in ISt,4, was a new vessi-I, l)nilt, al)onl two yeais before her linal ilisaster. in a 
 very suhstantial manner 1)1' seasoned while oak, ihesmut, eeilar anil loeiisl. ,Slic ran iiiirlh for .several inonlh.s lliat year ami was 
 al'terwaril on llie sonlhern route. lVe(|iienlly cliaiiKinH lianils. .Slie was 213 feet lon^, .^2 feet beam, anil iS feet hohl, witli ciiHines 
 511 X 1 2u inilies. .-\fter tile disaster an attempt uas made to ^et the steamer haek to San Kraneisco, l)Ut it proved a failure, and slie 
 heeaine a total lo'.s. 
 
 " I'atrii'k Moran, ])rotiaMy the oldest liviu); stewaril in the Nortluvest, was one of tlie ercw of tlie . hiiiriea. He was horn 
 in Ireland in is^i. .Mter tlie hnmiiiK of the . hiienm lie ran for a while on the Sea liiid, ihei on the old ( 'I'liiiiioclore. which after- 
 ward liecaiiie the flio/lrer /oiialliiiii, and siilisei|iiemlv on the I'licitn. Mniiiitiiiii Hiiik, IJiiele Sam. Lrlniatli'. and the new 
 .liiieiua. which w.is ninuiti^' to Panama .ind China. .\t the time of the C.irilio 1 e\citcnieiit he went to the mines, icinaiiiin^ three 
 years. Kctiiriiiti^ he served on the I'iicihc .Mail steamers two years, then went I'li the ste.aniers (,'eon^e S. tt'eii;!/! .\]m\ (iits.^ie 
 Telfair, and n-maiiied with them until 1S70, when he entered the eniplos of the ( he^on Steam Navi^.-itioii Company. Since then, 
 wil'' the e.\cej)tion of about three -ears, he h.is been stcw.ard on the various steamers of that <Mnnpany anil its successors .\t present 
 he is eniployeil on the T. J, roller. 
 
 "The schooner .Mftruini^ .Slar, which was launched at Till.uiiook this year, was a vessel of .\i) tons rej.ri.,tt>r. She was ,iS 
 feet lont;, 1 | feet beam, and 5 feet 6 inches hold, and wasbnilt by C. W. Itendrickson, her master, Oveil riioinas, and I'etei Morgan, 
 each of wlioui owueil a tiiini interest, The followiu); year she became the properly of I,eonard M: C.reeii, by whom she was -old a 
 few years later to ( llympia p.irlies. 
 
 'The schooner Moses Toner, bnilt at Port I.ndlow, was a small craft, beiui; onlv ',S feel lonn, with in feet beam. She was 
 sailed by her ina.ster and bnilder, Moses d. Toner, and enjoyed a lucrative business trailing' on the Sound. 
 
Fugt^'i Sound Stoamljoats, Gulden Days of F riser River Navigation 
 
 59 
 
 lirijr Detroit' on Clatsop Spit and tlie schooner I.oo Choo '" at the niontli of the t'lnpriua. The l)riK Ifodi^doti sailed 
 away from Puget Sound in the fall, and her name is still on the lonjf list of vessels which have never been heard 
 (if since. She was destined for San Francisco, and left the Sound about the right time to catch the full 
 force of the gale which disabied and nearly wrecked the steamship Califomin. In July the Hawaiian bark 
 l.,iuil;ci. Captain Wilfong, went ashore on San Juan Islantl, becoming a total loss. The steamer Mujor 
 l\>inpl;iiis, irreverently called " Tumpkins," left Olympia on her last trip at 2:00 i'. .m., February 8, 1S55, 
 nul. tVom entries in her log, time does not appear to have been much of an object. She arrived at 
 Steilacoom at 5:00 v. m. and left there at 9:00 .\. m. on the ninth, arriving at Seattle at Jino p. m,; left 
 Seattle at 10:00 P. .M. and arrived at Port Town.send at ,voo .\. .m. on the tenth; left Port Town.send at 2:00 l'. .M. 
 lor \'ictoria, calling at W'hidby Island, where Colonel F^bey was landed. ( )n getting away from the island .she 
 ..Miconntered a sfpiall and turned hack for Port Townsend, but, the wind abating, again headed for Victoria. At 
 I 1:00 r. M. the captain believed that he was in the vicinity of lisipiimalt and started to run in, but before he had 
 proceeded far ob.served breakers ahead. The anchor was immediately let go but would not hold, and the vessel 
 ilragged toward the rocks, upon which she finally struck. The jiassengers and crew at once scraud)led on to the 
 ledge, which in places projected above the water, in order to escajie the fury of the waves, and not a moment too 
 sDun, for the next sea destroyed the deck-house and swept it away. Ml hands reached shore without difliculty, 
 arriving at \'ictoria at 3.00 r. m., when those who so desired were rciiirned to the .\merican side b\- the steamer 
 l!,\i:'ir the following da> . 
 
 The year 1S36 witnessed no great changes in the marine business, and but few additions were made to the 
 licet of steam and sailing 
 craft. Coos li.iy rejoiced 
 liver the completion of the 
 first vessel built in ( )regon 
 south of the Columbia River. 
 This was a small schooner 
 called the / 'iii/^i/ita. .She was 
 launched at .Scottsburg, and 
 Captain Ilinsilale, who a few 
 \ ears before had inaugurated 
 steaniboating in that .section 
 with the 1/ 'r(>///wi,'/iw, was in 
 coninir, nd. The I'liifii/n.! 
 Lii,t;aged in the coasting li.ule, 
 and was a handy little vessel, 
 making (piick and iirofitable 
 trips to the l'.,i\ City. .\n- 
 other marine event of consid 
 iialile importance at Coo- 
 li,i> was a visit from llu 
 -U-aiiier .Wiifeii, ,1 small pro- 
 peller, which afterward made 
 
 several trii between the Oregmi jiort and San Francisco, carrying i:'i4\ from the 
 I'hiiiagan & Mann, and at present owned by Goodall. Perkins vV Co. 
 
 The Held (or steamhoating on the ui^ier Willamette was enlarged coiisiderablv b\ iIr- steamer /lUius 
 ( Union" e.xtendinv; her t, ips to luigeiie Cit\ . None of the steamers piior to this had attempted to go much above 
 Corvallis. Tile ( tiiil.ni arrived .'t ICugene, March utli, having liecn three days on the way from Corvallis. 
 Time however, did not cut so much of a figure then as now: beside, the oiti/ens of luigeiie had promised to purchase 
 ,-;;,, .11 1., uortii of slock in the steame; when siie reachefl then-, ami it 1- altogether prnbable thai C.ipl;un Cochran 
 would have l.iken h -r through if it li.id re(|iiiri'd three weeks iiisU':iil of three d:i\s. Indirectly this tri]) of the 
 
 :^l I-:.\M.M111 tlKt.i.tj:. 
 
 second .American Sti-nnwhip to kutimi tht- Horn 
 
 then 
 
 iperalei 
 
 1 liv 
 
 1 ' !■ 
 
 I ki 
 
 % 
 
 ' 'i'be lirig /)ftii>if saik-il Iroin .-\sl(iri:i IVir San I-ritiirisfn, llfcemher 25. 1S55. .mil in pHssiii^ oat ut Ihc nvor iiiis.seii llu 
 iliminul aiiii siriu'k lu-iivily on the siuiils, 1ml riiKilly reaelu'il deep water. In twenty minutes tier hoM lilleil In a ileptli of seven 
 lii'l. Tile frij,'lileneil < rew rel'nseil to woik, ami tile pilot lioat I'liliioniia li,i\in(; lieeii close .it liaml llie>' were taken aboard ami 
 I'lrrieil In .\stori,i. liel'ire leaviii'.; iSie vessel lier \anls were si|iia'eil lip lor -.lioie ami tlie helni laslieil. In lliis ni.inner the lia:k 
 -.iili'ii .I'lonl tin oliiiij; i.ir Iweiily (onr hours, llnally KoiiiK aslioie ne.ir lillamook lie. id, where James Cook nl' .\storia wreekeil lier. 
 'Mir Ihttii'it w.is liiiili m tiuiirmii, Conn., in iS^^fj, aful reHisteii'l niu- liumlreil .iipl rorly-mie tons, lier 'linteM'-ions were lenj^lli, 
 ^1 liet ; lieani, 2\ feel ; ileplli ol' hold, i) feet. 
 
 '"The sohootier I .<><> Choo, owned and s;iiled !>> Captain Hiij-hes. 1 11 lOitU I'roni .S.m l*raiioiseo with a <';nj.:o of Lieiieral 
 III' ii'liamlise. arrived olT the I'mpipia, July i.itli. and slaried to s.iil in Just alter passing llu- south spit the wind died out. ami the 
 ^' liooiier drifted li.iek on the spit. Most of the ear. no was snxed .it low H:iiei in a dania;.;ed eondilion, Km the vessel was alino-i a 
 iit.i! loss, the wreek sellini; at auetion for four luiudred .ind si\iy-live dollars. Then w.is no insnrauee on vessel o I'argo. 
 
 ' The loiiii'i Clinton was Iniilt u Ciiieniah liy Captain Cissidy, Capt. John (•ilisoii and C:ipt,iiii Coiiiran, who eoiistnieted 
 llie steamer Siofiiiso the following year Ui eoniplete their Iransporlation line. The ('in/on w,is eiiniinanded li\ Coehran and 
 '"•'''^on and was not a \ery ^ood boat, but, having; been llu last steamer to .aseeud Ihe Willatnetlo as far as luifjcne, she has alwins 
 l"iM tli« crnler of eon^ideralile iiileresi .\lter rnniiiiin a shorl time she w.is dismantled and the engines sent loCoiw llav and plai ed 
 "' :''!■ •iiilellil,. 
 
!l 
 
 
 n 
 
 60 
 
 Lewis c{ Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Nortliwest 
 
 C/inlon was destined to be of great importance to the Willamette Valley, as the ultimate organization of the 
 People's Transportation Company was the consummation of plans laid by the McCuUys wlien they secured the 
 Clitilon for tlie upper river trade. The McCnllys were eiitfajied in the mercantile l)Usiiiess at llarrisburR, and 
 could not induce Cai)tain Jamieson to run the Enlcrpriu- farther Uj) tlian New (Ji lea-is (a point near where 
 CorvalHs now stands), necessitutinj; a long haul l)y ox-teams over rough trails before tlie goods could be laid 
 down at the store. The Clinton was running on the Yamhill route, and, when David McCully interviewed Captain 
 Cochran, he agreed to make the change if the citizens of Harrisburg and Ivugene would sul)scribe a certain amount 
 of stock. This was ipiickly taken, and, as each of the numerous holders did considerable sliipping on their own 
 account, the Clinton enjoyed a good business, which iiureased as other steauiers were .'.dded to tlie line, aiul the 
 final organi/ation of the People's Transporlatidti Conipaiiy was made easy. Tlie advent of the ( ////Av; .uid the 
 return of the /'ranklin from her subsidized retirement ap])areiitly did not affect freight :ates on the Willamette, for 
 they continued nearly "s high as they had been years before, when Cajjtains George I'ease and J. I). Miller carried 
 all of the grain down the river in (latboats propelled by Indians. As •: reminder of the old steamer Canimah, a 
 pioneer resident of CorvalHs still has in his po.ssession a shipping receipt for two hundred busliels of wheal, which 
 reads as follows ; 
 
 " Sliii>i>t'il ill ^i>{)(i onier iitiil well roiHlilioiieil. on Itoanl Ihe sir. ( 'ittirmah, at t!ie port of Corvallis, Uiis 221! dav of Ma\*. 1S56, 
 !)>■ j. C .\vfry vS: Co., the following iiftineil articles of Ircij^lit, and mMii)>ere(l as in the margin, anil to he (ii-livereil in like order and 
 condition at the port of Caneiiiah (the danger of river navij^alion, tire iunl nnavoidahle acci<leiits only excepted), n'.Uo John 
 
 .MeCan^;hin or assigns, he t)r they jiayin^ freij^ht for the same at tile rate 
 
 01 2c)e per Ijnshel." 
 
 Captain Murray had been niniiiiig the /'oyi/iniil in con- 
 nection with the l-.nUrftrisc as the Citizens' Line, Imt took 
 her off the route in Septemt)er to make a few trips to .\storia, 
 replacing the Multnomali, wliich was laid up for repairs. On 
 the return of the Mullnoniali the i'oitlanJ was taken above the 
 falls, and began running in charge of Jamieson, who afterward 
 met a tragic death by going over the falls with the old steamer. 
 The steamship Ciixon" made .several trips to the Columbia and 
 Puget Sound this year. The steamship AV/"?*/),'/'/-, Ishani, master, 
 was also in the same .service, while the old steamship Columhia. 
 the ])ioneer in the trade, coiitimied her .semi-niontlily trips in 
 coiniiiand of Dall. The tertfirs of navigation at the nioutli of 
 the Columbia were materially lessened by the comidetion of the 
 lighthou.se at Cape Disaiipointment, the light flashing for the 
 first time October isth, much to the satisfiction of pilots Cole, 
 Hustler, Rogers and Crosby, who were still beating about the 
 offing in the pilot l)oat Calilornia. Tlie riiiled States revenue 
 cutters /iv /.tinf and /r/i' / >ii:is" were cruising in the Xorthwest, 
 the former spending the most of the time in the Columbia and 
 the latter on the Sound, where she remained until she was sold 
 •=-:.-.iti"? . 1^^. jjjg (loveriiment in ia<i2. The Senoriln. which had risen from 
 
 (.KOKitlv II. KNAiiiiS 
 
 the ruins of the ill-fated (ni'illi , w.:s ])laced on the Cascade route 
 in .\pril, in command of Captain Wells, but. being deficient in power, was hauled ofl' in Xovember to be refitted. 
 .\bove the Cascades the steamer Mary, Daniel Haughinaii, master, iiid George Kiiaggs," purser, was making 
 
 '•The steamsliip ()it\t;i>n, wliicli played a very important part in early navixation on the Coa.st, was hnili in New Vork in 
 |.S.|S, and came to the I'acitir the fidlowinj; spring, arriving; in San I'rancisco, Mareh ji, iSjt,, She was 20S feet long, 3,^ feet loiiiches 
 heain. and 20 feet hold. She had three m.'ists, and, .-lecordin^; to her cnstom house register, was of i,,=i'i.^ ton.s hnrden. Her first work 
 on the \',u\{'\c was on the Panama ronte, where she reTiiaiiud several years, h.ivinn heeii oiii' of the pioneer vessels of the I'aiifie Mail 
 Conipan>'. On the tlrst trip to X'anronviT and rorll.and in 1S56 she w.is in eomniand of Captain Lapid^e. In 1S5S Captain 
 l-'atterson was in c'har^;e, and he was siirceeded by W. II. IIiiilsoi;, l''rancis Conner, II. |. Johnslon Cliris .iml William Dall. Scholl. 
 and others. Dnriii;; the I'raser River mining; exeitenu nt Ihe old steamer made ,1 forlniic for (he '<wiiers ne.irly every tri]!. carrying 
 freipienlh- from .S'xi to 700 passengers. In 1S66 the On t^oti was running south from S.tn i-'raneisi o in eonimand of Dall, and in May 
 collided with and sank a British hark in the (Inlf of California. When Men Holladay eni'iarked in the steamship Inisiness in the 
 sixties, Ihe s'.eamer hecaine his properl> . and lie kept iier moving; nntil \'Vn). wlier. he -^idd lo .\il.uns M: lilinn, the Seaheck millmen, 
 who reinovi 'I the ni.-iehiner\' and ecniverted the steamer into a Uimher h.irk. fonlinnni;..; her in the <(iaslinj( trade for many years 
 hefore she was linallv laid up. The old ()/t\i;'in will liv*' lon^ in the hearts of ilie Calilornia pioneers as the steamer whirli hroii^ht 
 the first mail from tile .Mlantie .Slates. She earrieil vv passenxers on lli<' iiulial voyage, most of whom left her at .\s|iiiittall, and. 
 irossinj.; the Islhmns. joined the steamer aKain at I'.inama. TUv Oi/xon w.i'- [ueiedeil hy tb< old ( .i/i/.ii iiiii .\ni\ followed li> the 
 /'tiniiftiit, all three having; heen Imilt for the raeifie Coast trade before ihe diseo- . ry of j^old was made known in the ICast 
 
 "'\'\h- /i li Dinis w.is sulci in iSi)2 lo (Irennen iV Craney of I'lsalady for t'<'i''<- Tin \ refitted and ^ent her lo China, earryiiiK 
 as larxo a li.il-liotlonied sternwheeler, which was lo he supplied with the engines from Tom Wri(;lil's old t'li/ii/iiis, . dismantleil 
 on the Chehalis. 
 
 " Vfeor>ie 11. Kiia^jis. who was lairser on the steamer Jt<ity in 185^1, is tin* hest known of ;tn>' of Ihe o'd Ore;.;on Steam 
 N'avi^'ation force on Ihe liliddle and uliper river, lie hev(.ni steamlioatin^ when -1 bo\ on Ihe Mississippi. Iietwi'en .St I.onis and New 
 (Irlea.is. serving .is rierk, and afterward runnin>4 belween St. I onis and Keokuk in Ihe same eapaeit)' On . nih.ii^ to llir 
 I'aeilie Coast, in 1S56. he ohtained a ixisition on the middle river as purser on the steamer Viifv, ^;f»itig snbseipu-ii'. 1 ^ 10 the oil 
 //ii\\ii/<t and /</(!//('. Althon>;h serving most of the lime as purser, he made oe.asional speei.-il trips as master, and folhjwed 
 his vocation on the steamers Oneonia, Vai^v /limwoilli, Mountain ijuttn and A'. A. //i<'iii/iiO» ou the luiddle rivei uud uii must of 
 
Puget Sound Steamboats, Golden Days nf Fraser River Navigation 
 
 6i 
 
 regular trips. Portland had by tnis time developed into so much of a city that, in November, Capt. James B. 
 Stephens and a niiin named I'Vush established a horse ferry, running to the east side of the river. At Portland, 
 Terrence (Juinn built a small schooner called the ('n/awr/.'' which was placed in the Vacpiina trade in command 
 of Capt. John Harlow. 
 
 The Indian troubles on the Columbia River and Puget .Sound rendered the presence of an increa.sed number 
 of troops a necessity, and the ocean steamships and river steamers were busy transporting them from one part of 
 the country to the other. .Steilacoom was the liead(|uarters for the Sound, and the Rrfmhiic and f 'alifornia made 
 several trips to this point on (iovernment business, (lovernor Douglas of \'ictoria kindly placed the steamshiii 
 /{f/nrr al the disposal of the .American authorities, and she was under orders from the (iovernor of Washington 
 Territory until the excitement abated. The bark lirontfs was loading piles at Seattle when the Indians made a 
 savage attack on the citizens of that place, and .she was obliged to suspend operations to afford shelter to the 
 terror-stricken people and their effects, which they dared not leave on shore. On the middle Columbia, 
 steaml)oating was a hazardous business lor a few weeks. Swarms of hostile savages along the river fired on the 
 passing steamers, making life decidedly unpleasant for those on board. The Mary, in command of Capt. Dan 
 Baughinan, met with the warmest iception at the hands of the redskins, and it was by the merest chance that she 
 escaped falling into their hands isee .steamer Mary, 1.S54). While the skirmish was in progress at the Cascades, 
 the steamer /<•«««• Clark made the run from that point to Portland in four hours and forty-five miinites, a speed 
 which w.is considered remarkable at that period. The United States fleet attracted to the .Sound by the Indian 
 war included the revenue cutter ,/'// Ihivia, the steamers John llaiicock, Massailiiiscl/s and . h/irr. and the 
 sloop-of-war Diialur, the latter vessel taking the more prominent part in the battles between the Indians and the 
 whites. The /V/(//«; was officered as follows: J. ,S. Sterrel, commander; T. G. Dalles, master; Iv. Middleton, 
 .\. K. Hughes, .\. J. Drake, T. S. Phelps, lieutenants; J. J. Jones, purser. 
 
 In the coasting trade nearly all of the old-timers and a few new sailing vessels were engaged. Running to 
 'he Columbia River were the barks I'has. Devens. Haley, master ; Na/iumkrai; , Williams ; I'.iiiily Minor"' .Stai)les 
 Sam McrritI,' (Jove: /;,'ano?i'i/a, Drydeii ; Oiran Bird, Wiggins; Metropolis, Preston; AVrr World, I.ibby ; 
 Pesu-mona, Slocum ; brigs ffaliyon. Captain Flavel ; Siaan . Id/fial, .Stannard ; /'ranrisro. Smith : Colorado, 
 Smiti 'latoa, Davenport: .schooners Matlhc-iV Vassar, Dodge; /. A', li'liitini^, Blair; (htadraliis, Heiider.son. 
 In V.-i. .1(1 lumber traflic was a large fleet of coasters, Keller's Mills alone furnisliiTig fifty-two cargoes, and 
 
 several vessels loaded for foreign ports. Among the lleet thus engaged were the following well-known vessels 
 anil masters; Barks Or/,'" ( )akes, master: Jeinix I'ord, Sargent: Madonna, Hoyce ; Carib, Rand; America, 
 Sjiarriiw : l:lla /■'ram is, Mitchell ; brigs Gleneoe, Carleton ; Cron;!- l-'.mory. Trask ; Consort, Bailey ; S7,iss floy. 
 Kni])e ; Merehantnian, Pray: Cyrus. Smith; W'illimantie. lioyling : schooners San lliei^o, Crol'toi; ; and /.. P. 
 /•'osier, Johnson. Coal formed the principal freight from Coos Bav. and was sold for $1(1 per ton in San Prancisco. 
 The brigs '■'a;,n. Bunker, master; ,S. A', /ad-so/i, Simmons; /. />'. />'ro;t'n, Higgins ; and the bark ('liii\e. Captain 
 Harris, were in this trade : and the schooners Paleslini-. Kedfield, master, and f.'n//>>/iia, ]imf^. master, were running 
 t'l the rmpipia. In the oyster business between .Slioalwater Bay and ,San Francisco were the schooTic-s litjidty." 
 .Morgan, master; I'intny Pipey, .Mien; Maryland. Bushm.-m : and l\inliac, Lemman. .Among the niunerous 
 iiireign vessels coming to the .Sound for cargoes was the Dutch ship U'illianisluiix, v/U'kU loaded spars tor the 
 French Navy. The cirgo was secured at McDonough's Island, opposite Penn's Cove, and included one hundred 
 spars from So to i2i> feel in length, and measuring from thirty inches to forty-three inches in diameter. .\ local 
 
 tin- collipillly's stf.iiiR'TS 111! llic iippiM rivii. I'or a jierioil ol Cu u years lie was amiil for [Uv nvvy,rn\ .Snaiii .N'.ivig iliiiii Cimipany al 
 I.i'wisliiti, anil for one year was in cliarnf of its affairs at I.aki' I'lMi il'OreiUi'. lie rctirt'd from tlie river suvrral years ago, Imt Ins 11 ante 
 will always he assni ialeil witli tlie ^'oldeii il.iys of stcaiiilioaliiiH on llie Coluiiilii.i, liefore r.iilroads revoliuioiii/,id men ami metlKjils. 
 
 ''Tile -elirioner (l"il/i(W(7, hniU in Iv.isl Portland in I,S56, was a small vi-ssel nf aliont ,VS l""s linnlen. and is credited willi 
 having lieeti the lirsl vessid to enter Vai|nina Hay. She was owned hy C.ipt. John Ilarlow, lier iirst master, J. C. Ainsworth, (",eorj;e 
 .Ahernelhy, and II. Jcnninxs. The initi.d trip Wiis sucee.ssfnl, but on her return she was put in eommanil of Captain Tirhnor. who mad(' 
 a trip to the Silet/, where she went ashore and was aliandoiied. The schooner wa- afterward rinhted, taken to Portland in the 
 spring of 1S57, repaired, ami sold to ..^1 ■sunder l)od),'o, Henry I'liller, (.'liarles I'. Stewart. James O'.Neill, and John .\. Il.ivw.ird, who 
 hicalile master. In Octolier she driflcil .ishori' at Vacpiina, and. after vadilv Iryili),' to pnll her into deep w.itcr. Capt. Thomas 
 .Moimtaill was j,'iven eharne. He placed rollers nmler the vessel and wheeled ami rolled her 2.\'ot vaids to the N'acpiina River, where 
 she was hiimcheil Noveinljer .^ith, and -ailed for the CoUimhia, Deeemher 2d. She anchored in Maker's Hay leaking so hadlv thai 
 the pilot hoal Gi/;/.ii;/(,( went aloiij;side to pnmp her out. On arrival al Portland the schooner was liouuhl l)y'Ca|it. .Mex.inder Dodge 
 and operateil in the Slioalwater Hav tr.ide, occisionall' K"'"K '" < •r.iv's H.iilpor. While comiiiK from the hav in iSdo the f rt/iiwc/ was 
 lost al sea, and no trace w.is ever discovi'red of vessel or clew. 
 
 '"The hark /Ciiiily .Miiho was liiiilt in New Londmi. Conn., in |H|S, was ukj feel loii);, 27 feet heani ,ind i.t feel hold, and 
 renislered .^h.^ tons. Capl. ('teor^je W. Stajiles, whi' was in commaml, was alter'., inl master on steamers niiininn north fioni San 
 I'raiieisco. He mcl with n traijie death in Portland lUirinn the war, hciiiK shot li> a H'Unhler named I'red Patterson. 
 
 ' I'll!' hark Sum Miiiitl was for nianv years n regular visitor to the Colnmhia River and to PuHet Sound jiorls. After Cove 
 lelt her she was ci)mmaiideil hy Williams ami Wimjins and conliniied run ling until iSdd, when the steamers drove her from 
 the roaslinH service, and she was sold to enter Ihe HollolllUl traile. 
 
 '"The hark Oik, which had liieii rniinin^' to the Northwest since 1S50, w.is a very fast sailer iiid made some ralllinn passages 
 tii'tween Sail I'raneisco and I'liyel .Sound ports. She i ame <mt from New York in 1.S50 willi « car^o of Hour, making the run in 
 120 d.iys in eommanil m Captain Hiitchins. She was afterward in charge of Cajit. .V V. Trask. Captains r.ainli. Prank, Oakes 
 iiid others 
 
 '■'The schooner ICjuily was a vener dile craft when her new owners hoiighl her. She was hiiilt at lirockliaven. N. V , in 
 IMS- 'ler dimensions were : length, 07 1 ■. ' he.im, 21 feet; depth, 7 feel. lonnaKc, Sij \fter coining out Ironi the I'.ast she ran 
 north from San I'raneisco until iSsh, when s.h- was sold to J. I,. MorKan, her master, Mark Wiiiaiil. Kicliard !. Will.ird, and SHinnel 
 Winaiil, all residing al Shoalwali r Hav 
 
 M , ' *'^ 
 
 I 
 
62 
 
 Lvwis cf Dryden'a M:irinv History of tho Piicific Northwest 
 
 Tin- vc-ssil \v:is (luiiid li 
 
 nc\vs|)a])Lr, in iiniiomiciiij; tin- (kp.iittirc of tlic ship lor Toulon iti Novuinbii, said, " Tlu- caiiniilii was (-onipilli'd 
 to nintilaU' tlic vi'ssul in a sliockiii);; manner in ordtr to j;ut sn<li liiinc tinibcrs on Ixiard." 
 
 At I'ort ( )rc'liard tlic schooner /. /. .S'Atvv/*, '" which allciward attainL'il considcralilc cclchritv (hiring the 
 huHaii war, was laMiiclicd, and 'Pillaniook came to the front with anothci, tlic f/////. ' Al \'ictoria several wai 
 \essels ren<le/.voused, and made a ntindier of cruises in the Xorth Pacific Ocean in 
 search of unprotected Kussinn vessels thai ininht he at larnc. 'Pile liritisli I'rigale 
 . tinfiliiltiti- sii^htcd a collide of Russian clippers, the h'lniKMlinlkc and the SI. Xidu'las, 
 and chased them into San !''rancisco harhor, then hovered aroninl outside endeavoring; 
 to coax them out. They made one atlemj)! to steal away, Imt the liritisher was too 
 (piick for them, and they hurried hack. The Crimean War lasted s.) lou); that they 
 were finally sold to pay their debts in port. 
 
 l'"our well known coasters met with disaster in iSs'' The schooner i li<iil(>lli-, 
 Capl.iin Owens, while in the California coasting trade, came to a sudden end I'"el)ruary 
 sill in atlemptin;^ to sail into Klaiiiath River. She struck on the bar and soon broke 
 up. Hoth vessel and ear^o were lost. The bark /I'liii ( , I'lcimuil, owned by Wether- 
 bee it Talbot of ,Saii I'"raiicisco, in command nl Captain Johnson, formerly of the 
 .schooner A, /'. I'oilcr. was wrecked on Christmas lslan<l. November j;d, while <;/ loiih- 
 Irom I'unel Sound with a caiKo of lumbi i lor .\iistralia, beconiini; a total loss. The 
 brij; /-(iiiii. Captain Hunker, from San l''rancisco for Coos H.iy, was dismasted in a 
 sonthwcsl j^ale ofi' Cape I'erpetua, November Jisl, the mate ,md tlllee seamen losing 
 their lives. The c,i])lain, lour of the crew and three passelij;ris weir icscued by 
 Indi.ilis in canoes before she struck. The aci'idenl happened at six o'clock in the 
 evening, and ,it midiii^jht tin- brij; drifted as'.ioic and was com]ilctel\ destroyed, 
 the captain and a man n.imed Macey, and contained (piite a valuable carno, none of which was saved, ,\ wrtck 
 which left a lasting; nionume:!' to mark the sjiol on which it occurred was thai of the bark /Icsdciiioiia, whicli 
 went ashore just inside the Columbia bar, on the sands whiili now bear her name. The / K sili hwiih, one of the 
 jiioneer coasters in the Norlheru trade, first crosse<l into the Columbia in iSsi for Alnruelhy \- Clark, in coiumaud 
 ol Abel Richardson. She w.is built al Joiiesboio, .\Ie., in i>>.\~. .ind was iii| feet lonj;. Js led beam, and i _' feel 
 7 inches hold. Atieiuethy sidd her in Annust, i.Ssi. to Thomas .Smith, bill she continued making lennlar Irips, 
 innsl of the time in command of Ileiiiy h'ailev .\t the lime (jI the disaster she was in ehart;e of Capt. I""raiicis 
 Williams, who was alleiiipliiiK to sail in wilhont i pilot. She was loaded lieavil\' with a general caino, and c.ime 
 in with a fair wind and IIoikI tide. The Ca|)taiii afterward slale<l thai the lower biio\- was .■idrift, and for that 
 reason he stood rii;lil up li>i .\stoi ia, looking fiir it until he brouuhl up on tin- sands. The bark lay ipiite eas\ 
 and iliil not \k%\\\ buiiipinj; for twenty fi\e hours after she struck. 'I'lii- Captain then went to .Nstcjria for assistance. 
 
 seiiiriun some men Irom W. W. I'arker's sawmill, 
 
 but wlun they reaclle<l the \essel she had billed and 
 
 was b( yoiid lelitf. The revenue culler /t'r l.niu had 
 
 previously tried lo i;el her allo.at witlionl success. 
 
 .\s miii'll ol the eari;o as it was jiossible lo s.ivc was ^^^6c 
 
 placed on li^;hters and takiii lo .\slnii.i. The crew ^^^^J* yjm 
 
 stayed by until the \i\ of January, when 11r> wen '' 
 
 • If ^^ taken otf bv the pilol boat, with their lUKl^a^e. I In 
 
 ^^^^^g^.%, llie fifth they relnriieil witll a scow for another load. 
 
 ^^^^^^HP. and. wdiile lowing il 'o Ra\inoiid s Creek, tin st.iu 
 
 ^^i swamped, carrying down ( 'ieory;e Carl land, tin iisl 
 
 of the crew iiarniwh escaping with their lives, 'I'lie 
 
 fidlowing ilav the Ih sdiiiioiiit was Ull In lu'l late. 
 
 The wreck was sold lo Nbises Rojiers lor ji-'is, and 
 
 he leiuoved everythiii),; that could be taken from 
 
 llie hull The limbers of the old vessel reniaiiKd 
 in sighl for many years, luriiisliiii^; a ilesi^;tiatioii for the obstrnclin^; sands, wliieh prior lo this disaster had been 
 nameless, Willi.im I.ewis al the present lime engineer on the Kalaina railroad lerr\ . was aiiioii^' the criw of the 
 /)(.\<li iJioiiii when she was wrecked. 
 
 CO' I. ill MS lll-NIIN-.M 
 
 ■rill- mIiuiUHI / /. .s/< 
 III the Vl'sst'l. ,S 
 
 /. .S/<',-y«> was liiiil' li William Ki-iilmi. Ivlw.inl llnw.iol, ainl Willi iiii l''il/|i,-itnik. llie I, 
 lie was |l lei'l Iclll>;, I | leel lie, nil, t feel IliiM, ami rrKisliiid 2\ lulls. 
 
 lUr lielllv llie lilsl 
 
 ■ The M'liiHiiicr '.«// was iif lull twelve lulls liiMclcn, lieinj,' VI li'i'l liiiiK "illi 1 1 I'eel li ■.nil. She w.is Iniill li\ 
 rillaiiiiMik r.irnuTs IhmiIimI Ii\ her iiMsliT, lilhriilj.M' Tnisk, a vvell-kiiuHii cuasliiiK ra|ilalii. His assm iaios were jdIiii I'liip 
 (Jiiiek, lames I li^Kiiiliiilh:!!!!, < ). S Tlmmas, |,imes I'niiiils, I'leiMiiiiii II inis, Jiisi.'|ili S, I.vmaii, am! I W'^r),',!' Weher. 
 
 '■William I.ewis was I null in SeMil;iii'i in iS^ii, ami eaiiu- tti .Sew N'dik wilii his paiejils in iS) i, .\ttei U'ln.^tiiiin^i tin 
 six years he went to .New Orleans .in* I saih <1 lo Ma^ re and Ihislid for a lew vears. In iHs^ he rinimled I he Morn in the f.iiiHa 
 /'7i'///(,' t'loini. ami shortlv .■lUerw.thl he^an rnnnin^ to I'.iiiaina on Ihe steamships <,'itl,tt-n t,'ii/t' ami Scnom. Aller ihe wiet 
 /), si/.-iiiiiiiii he remained in OrenMii a few iminllis ami then weiil Id .S.in T'laneisi^M ami ran >in lln^ sliaiiicr <>ii\t,'<iii lo Mi^vie; 
 In i.\v> lie relnnieil tu ()re).;iin, ami aller a lew months on tin steamer Mimiiliiiii /iiiik went lo iln^ miiieh. Ill i,S()j he serve 
 
 lip 
 1'. 
 
 te. e <i' 
 l.imes 
 
 ;(■ 
 
 alinlll 
 
 Is , 
 k 
 
 lippel 
 ol lln 
 
 at! 
 
 ports. 
 
 '<1 
 
 III till 
 
PiKji't Soiinil Slr;imlj,):)lH, Gul'lrii lh)yft oC Fr.Ki-r RIvit l\l:)vi</:tli(iii 
 
 63 
 
 Tlie year iSs? marked tlie bi'^iiininji of an era of |j;rfal activity in stuain navinatioii in the NorlliWfst. 
 'riii>^ marine " huom." as it minlit In- callid, did not koI fairly nndcr way nntil tlie mininv; cxcilcmciil of 1.S5S, 
 
 liiit it> HiowtU iK'Kau in iHs; 
 
 (I in lliu yi-ars immodiatcly loUowinK it swelled into pnipiirtidiis llial en-ali 
 
 Ibrtnnes for many a man who np to that time 
 
 d coiitenled himself with a ronslalionfs nosilioii 
 
 riij'et Sonnd secnred steam lrans])()rtalioti from a vessel which was a decided improvement on the mosi|uilii 
 
 eel which had taken the place of the canoe and hatean. 
 
 pnrt'lias( 
 
 il in San I'ranciscc) liy the pioneer steand)oat men, Hunt iV vScranlon, who had previously operaliil the 
 
 The newcomer was the sti-amer I oiislihtlioii, 
 
 lli< 
 
 ■lA 
 
 tioi 
 
 ■l\<iiif<k: 
 
 on II 
 
 Sound 
 
 She 
 
 I'Han running on the ( )lympia Victoria loutt 
 
 Ml aflei her arrival, Hunt 
 
 L-rviuK as luaster, John I,, liutler, pilot. 
 
 Charles \';. Williams of 
 
 01 
 
 ymina, purser. 
 
 In 
 
 .pile of the fact that 
 
 ScrantoM had ihe mail contract at ^^(O.ooo per year, owin^ to the heavy operatiiiK expense he conid not make the 
 pay ; and the loUowint? spring she was sold at Olynipia liy the rnited Slates Marsh.il for f i", S"". Capl- 
 
 sli-amer 
 A IS 
 
 lieiiiK till' purchaser, (iove took her to San Krancisco, l>ut the ^old excitement of i.Ss>; hrounh 
 
 I lur 
 
 hack to the Sound, air 
 
 at anclion 
 
 for J.) 
 
 I she ran to the I'Vaser Kiver until the fever ahiled. She was then taken 
 The buyers dismantled the steamer 
 
 iw auaiii MMil 
 
 .1111 
 
 1 ringed her as a liarkeiiliue, operatinj^ her in the l'ii>;et .Sound 
 liimher trade, where she performe<l excellent work for man\- years. 
 
 oiiellel, lillill 11 New 
 
 The steamer ( i<ii\liliilion was ;i wooden pro] 
 
 York in iHso liy the alter ward famous lohbyisl, .Saiii Ward, and 
 
 kodinaii M. Price, siilisecpiently C. 
 
 or of New Jersey. Ir 
 
 1.S51 they started her to the 
 
 I'aiilic Coast, which :it that time 
 
 was the .Mecca of steam and sailing; craft which could not make 
 ,1 living cdsewhere. The i)olicy of tin- I'acilic Mail at that time 
 was to head oil opposition as .soon as it jippeared, and they 
 l)i)n);lit the I'oiis/iliilioii hefore she re.iihed I'aiiama, taking; pos- 
 session at that port. 'I'lu'y ran her as a spare hoat on short trips 
 out of San h'r.iiicisco iiii 
 Scriintoii and Molthrop, 
 
 til i.Hs'^i, when she was sold to Hunt, 
 
 .\nollier Hue steamer, the .SVi? AV/i/, Captain lliiiilin^;lon, 
 sent to the Sound on a recoiinoiliaiii^ voya;;e. Iilit reliiriiei 
 illin;; at I'ortliiiul on the dowi 
 
 to ,San l''railcisco in the f:i 
 
 passage. ,Slie sul)sei|iiently made a few trips hciiii .Sail iMancisci 
 to the I'mpqna, where she was enipli 
 
 yed liy the collector to 
 liilov the eulraiice to the liaihor, and while so en^aned lowed 
 out se\'eral vessels. The .V,( /Hn/ was Eastern hiiill, comiii^; to 
 California in i.Ssi, and was liounht soon aftei- her arrival l)\ the 
 Wiighls, who rail her on the sonlliern routes out ol ,S:iu l""ran- M.mu m. i \mi -, i-m v..m 
 
 cisco, and in 1.S57 .sent her to the Sound, where, however, slu- '' 
 
 reiiiaiiied hut ;i short lime, reliiniinn a^;ain in i.Ss^^- The Sm Hiiil was the first sti-aiaer ii|i the hiasei j.;oiiij; ;is 
 far as Murderer's liar. .She was then iii coiiiiuaiid of Capl. l''iaiicis Conina, and soon aftii her ad\iul on the ri\ar 
 
 l>t{llt-\ llililer \'all Hurm'll, next tin lilt- /i/\,aiul .-illcrwatil roljiiweii iiis prtitession fin llie sleanuTs /; . I), littkti , hltli'f>t fiih-Hii\ 
 ft'vnit' Cttnk, /ui/n/>fhr, /)/n//ni'iiiti/i. lu'liit, A'/.-v//, t'on'h/-:, /\'i'\iiit\ (\inJi, /////(/, t):t<\<lh-i', Nr:. iVtit- i /lit-f, iH-titttt^tin, i'tik-inhi, 
 I'lniiid. Sfiiiiv, h'hii Hull-., Sfokmu-, />. S. /lukci. /Ai/.vi/ iliniii, A'. A'. 7'/ii'iii/i\iiii, (hniil, Onidiiil, Slinslnnii-, Aliiho. < Innii/'U'ii. 
 /•■'ii,i>r:,i, ll'ill<im,tlr ('hit'/, d'ttirnitu iiitutt, /•iinitit- Vit'/t/t, It't'/ioiiii , , t/ii^/:<in. < >/iiii/>i,iu, '/'./. /<'//</ iin<l rahcis 
 
 t."apl. Jolni I,. Hiiller, wlitiw.is male anci jiihil on llic Hlvnuirr ( ''ifi\/i/n/iiii/ , was linrn in lltislnti in is^m. lli- l«->^an liis 
 ' iucii a 11 1. 1 1 1' nil l)ie .Ml.'nilic p.ac lifts 1 nninni.; nnl nt New Vnrk aii<l New ( )i leans. Me i-atne to ,S.in l''i;un-is(o in iSji,, :iii<l lui' a 
 l<iM^ lime r.m as mate on tlie racilic .Mail steamcis to I'an.iin.i, leaviii).; IIumm tin a lew monllls' seiviee in tile Chilean nav\. .Mter 
 llu' i't'ii^hhiUnn li-rt, lie was mate on the /\li::ii .hhfi'iMHi Tor a while, and snlisei|nenll\- worket! mi the U'llsitn (t, lltiiil, WhIIi 
 I'lUittt , i^lvnif in. (tithuh, anil other liistorie I'ti^el Sonml sleainer.s. He relired Irom the walei several \e.ns .i^o, an«l clie«l ni TciM 
 'ro\\n..einl in isi,i, 
 
 'Capl, A. 11. i Hive of the steamer < 'nnstilHtittn was lioin in .Maine in i.Sji>, tnnl lirst went lo sea on the . tfliintii, servin;^ niilil 
 1 y|S, in whiih year hi' uas mate of the hrij; I.Ki^nii, lost in the ('■nil .SIri'am while ni imi/r In Cnha. The lolhiwinK season he loine.l 
 a roni|iany of ■' liiity iiineis," w ho pnn-hasril the Iiri^ (''. li^- A'' ni/t'// loi a \ii\ a^e to Calitomia, ( lovi roiniii^ out as m.-ite. t in .iiii\al 
 .it San l-'i-aiiciseo in iSvi lie hi ill v; hi .in interest ill tin* A*/ i/iA'// with I ir. S.iiniifl Men ill. .Alter makiiie two ii ips to tin- C'lluinhia Kivei 
 he r.in he I to I'li^et Son nil, ti .ailing lor ei^hl years. lie was next ill eommainl ol" llu' liai k S'Uiih ll'iit ti'n. remaining; wilh lier 11 mil 
 .iIiiiil; in the sixties, when I)r. Merrill liion)^iit mil the harks .SW/// ,IA';; ;// ami //:v )'<inkt'i\ llennnle three vo\ apes ifi e'hina in 
 \\\t- Slim .Urn ill. When lliiiit ami Srranion reliiHuiisheil the ( llvm|>i:i ami Victoria mail route, (.aptaiii ( io\i' tmn^ht tht sti-aniei 
 ' •iilsliliillKii ami ran her loi ihree M-ais, in.ikinn sivi-ral trips to San tTaneiseo. liiialh selliiin llei then He iieM look eommaml 
 olllie hark (,V;j»/ii(', ami ■ilraiiileil her al Vhivi'i I'oilll, ne.ilV'icloria She was alierw.iril llo.ili-.l ami s.. .1 in Xiisli.ilia. In i.S(i|lii 
 hioii^hi till- tii^ ( '\'nt\ U\ilh I Ironi San l-iamiseo, operatinvi her on i he Soiiinl loi luni yeais. 1 li then wiot to ,San l-raneiM n. where 
 111 \\,is .1 liar pilot for two years, iiiilil a paralylie stroke IVirei-tl him to retire. Me is al prir-*»*iil livinj^ .it ' lakiaml, Cal. 
 
 L'lipt. Thomas MiintiiiKlon, who eonimainleil ihe Sc./ /.'/(./, henan life as eli'iii. in .1 ilry kooiK Mine in New \ork, nn! 
 "lii.iini-tl his liisl taste of the sea in a vovam* from .\'ew Nork lo Uio in rS.n asasailoi m Moweli .X Xspinwairs lim- In is.i.j lit 
 ■■lii|i|uil froia New York on a four veais' eriiisf oj China, Pern. .Me\iti), ami Ihe Samlwieh Islainis. .inil on his relnin weiil In 
 .\alwcrp as in. tie 0:1 an .Vnieiiean ship In .\ii^;iisi, iS.i.S. he shi|ipeil as third ollieep on the sit-.-inislup ('/m;*!//., Iioiind loi L'aliforiiia. 
 wliit'h s.iileil from .New \'ork. Ii'-eeml»fr i^ i'S.|S. and arrived M San I'raiieisio in .April, ism IHuiiliniitcin went ;it omi- lo llu- 
 iniiit-s, hill .liter ri-maiiiiii^ there lor a leu monllls reimiiril to San loiuit^t^si ami he^an niiniiifiii;^ n» ihe S*m raini-ni-" Ki\t-i . in iSso 
 III- made a lew nips to i'.maina on the olil sieamsliip IslkiM' . htit left liei to ^o .is niati- *«i ehe sr^.i-i sieunu-r fintiv l.uhl with his 
 ' I'lisiii. ('apt, I'l-tfi l,al'i-\ie. Ill iSs; he was male on liie l\uih, wiih 1 a|ilain llh-tUiiii, lUiJ iw- iH^.j joinrd llu- ^irf ni .\t-rin/ti 
 111- wfiil Ivast in iS/^s, lint ii-liirlieil in iSi;i.. .in.l illi-i Mi.tkiiiK a trip 011 list lln'lh,. /-'lutHjut Untk t-oinltmivil ol ilie .Sinni 
 V, ,',j,Af, having her lo assiime the ame |.'.snii.ti on Ihe Siii/iii-r wkM^k ht run on 'iMf ^«aM'! until relievnl h\ tin ll'i/\,'ii (,' 
 
 \ 
 
 II 
 
64 
 
 Ifw'iK ff Drydfii'r, Mnriw History nf thi> Pncilic Nortlnvnt 
 
 ^;|■(lllllll^•ll (III 
 
 :i li;ii ;iiiil iilli.iilicil tlicic loin iiioiillis. ( )ii llu' I'nsl liiii iiltci lii-i rcl(:isf she vv.is liiiriif<l i mc iHs 
 
 Till' .SV(/ />'//(/ \v;is ;i siii:ill sidcwiicc-lii iil 
 
 ■\~t<> I'liis luiidcil, \v;is jjs li'i't lolij;. :iliil ;iliiiiil i ><• lioisi' power. SI 
 ioiisiiiiumI .' |o iI;i\s on IIic voviij.',i' lioni Nrw \'ork lo llie t"o:isl, lullii 
 111 lliiiliiM |iorls lii'lvvifii lU'iiiiiiihi iiiid Moiil(ii\'. 
 
 Tlif Iliiclsoii's li.iv CoiiiiMiiv's sliiiiiiii (>//ir, ill aildilioii to Ik 
 
 tl'.'ulillH vov:i^;r 
 
 •vi|;il trips lo V.incoiivi'r and Portland, ami 
 
 (iccasiiiiially wriil to San I'laiicisco lo receive ).;(ioils sent fioin I'jinlaiiil 
 liy way of llie Hay City, always l.ikin)^ a p.irtial load ol eu.il when nnalile 
 
 lo sfeiire a lull carj;!) of prodiu-i 
 • I If 
 
 II. It. M. ship S,i/,////i\ Cai.tain 
 I'ri'vost,'' was stationed the urealii pai I nf the \iar at I';s<|iiiinalt. She 
 steamed to Sleilaeinnn in Jnlv nndei iiideis in enMiieilii'ii with the 
 adjiistincnl ol the lioiiiidary dispute, arriving at I'lij^et Sound's primipal 
 eily on the nioininy; of July jtli, ami greeted its iiilialiitanls and the 
 
 I'niled Slates steainsliii) .li//ri with a nalion.al 
 
 .ainle 
 
 ( )n the Willamelle the steamer liiiiiis i'/iiiloii was leinloiced li 
 
 llu 
 
 Si: 
 
 '■/" 
 
 which was opei.ilcil on llu- iippci livir 
 
 'I'lh 
 
 V).',aiil. 
 
 Tl 
 
 new sleamei w.is 
 
 linilt 
 
 at I'aneina 
 
 h \, 
 
 I'assidN anil Cilisoii, who also Imill the /(iiiir^ ( /iiilfii. The 
 
 I'hi; 
 ir/>r 
 
 was a well linilt slernwheeler, \ y feet lolly;, 
 inches hold, and rey;isleied i .m Ions 
 
 feet lieani, I feet '■ 
 
 (Ithei p.ii liieis III the boat wi'ic 
 
 Theodi 
 
 •W 
 
 \'j;.iiil, allci waid iiiasli i 
 
 .\ h lied 
 
 Kcs 
 
 W. C. Dement .S; C"( 
 
 \l'i C.I'OKl.l' Jl Itll 
 
 Charles C. I'elton, J. llaidiiiK. 
 on the nppei river iinlil i.si. |, 
 when the m a ( h i n e i y was 
 
 UoIhiI I'allon. Tlu- Siii/'n\c laii 
 
 pla< 
 
 d in tl 
 
 People's 'I'laiisportatiiiii Comjianv's new steamer 
 
 iiiiiloi-, which lilew 
 
 np 
 
 It Portl.and in li^y.S- Capt. 
 
 I). Miller linilt the //c 
 
 No 
 
 to pl\ on 
 
 the Willamette. The lioals lieaiinj; this name wcie nnl famous 
 
 for iinalits'. and the A'l 
 
 h had preceile 
 
 was no exception in this respe<t to those 
 .She wiis a small siiliwheelei , alioiil -'7 Ions 
 linrdi'ii, mil liv a ox .'n ciij.;iiii- which, ^;eared lhr<'e lo one, niovid a 
 spur whet 1 which, alter an almost indelinile disti ilmlion of power, Hiiallv 
 
 nth Ihe slrill. The dwellcis 
 
 iloiiK 
 
 I luo 01 llile<' sets ol coy;s coniieetei 
 the liaiiks of the Willamette, when the steamer was 
 espcriciiced the same sensation tliat Mark Twain ilid with the 
 
 in Ih 
 
 e \icinit\'. 
 
 dill 
 
 Tl 
 
 lev conic 
 
 luar her Im// lonn alter she had passed 
 
 .Aniithcr Willamelle Kivcr veiilnre this year svas the Iniildiiij; ol 
 
 t'le 
 
 l:lk \^^ 
 
 Cipl. Chiin Sw<il/er. !■'. \- Matthews, ( 
 
 eoiKc 
 
 i;ise, and 
 
 iiilin Marshall. She was a siiiall sic 
 ti.ide, ancl has alwa\s liccii iciiien 
 
 ihcelcr inteli(U-d loi '.he N'.imlilll 
 
 ilieic c| liv sleaml>«»at n»ii lui 1 
 
 llsi III 
 
 tin- lerrilic explosion wliic h sent iiinst ol the ciafl skx ward .il l».«> mIsoii's 
 
 LindiiiK 
 .1 
 
 miU' lielovv the iiionlh nl the \aniliill. Cajrt. deoin^ 
 
 cinme was in ecu 
 
 wwand, William Smith, engineer, and S*liasti,iii .Mil 
 
 pilot. CajiLiin jcii nie was lili 
 
 lowii np in tin lii tc 
 
 I'll a lieiy;ht thai it 
 
 is avc'iiecl that he looUccI thioiij'h the lop nl llu smoke slack on he, way 
 
 C M'l riiiiM ,^'. Wi' 1 
 
 Itltttt. He Ilex 
 
 I Icink III!' 
 
 < .■ll,\ 
 
 til ilii- I'orltiiMil, Viitoii:! .'iiiil .Sail I'lHii, 
 
 I'all.'illi.i ami ■.iMiIIhtii |iiiiIs in ii|i|i<isltiiili l>i illn- 
 
 111!' Mall sIlMllll'IH 
 
 Ulii 
 
 llii 
 
 Iiiilti- tllllil iS-, 
 
 illllll'lllillll I'll 
 
 vlii 
 
 III 
 
 llll 
 
 , /,' S.iiii III 
 
 Icil In- went ICiist, hut ii-iiinn-il 
 
 iscii anil liiinilli-il Ilic < 'nluiiilii,t iniil 1 m tr : ^"i lldlliulay an-l ( lint lie nsi^ncil in isi,^ and went luist a^aiii. li\in^ in Nrw S'mk 
 anil St I, mils itiitil 1.S711. ami llini icliiiiieil ••» Sun I-rani-iHcii. wlictc lie resiiled up Iw llu- linu- <il liis 'Ic.iili 
 
 ,\illllllal lames I' 
 
 In till- Niiilli I'ai-lhi as lieiileiiaiil nil llu- IllKi'tc- 
 
 vliii was 111 I'liiiiniaiiil nt tin- Siilcllilr, was luiin in ilam{> line-, I ii^daiul, in 
 
 (//,; 
 
 vlli' Il Ills lillli'l 1 iilllillalli|(-il. 
 
 u 1 -u. 
 
 .Mlel lllat III- ill.'uli' 
 
 iii'l lirsi c-aiiH- 
 lal liiiis 
 
 liac^k anil Inrlli, 1 iiiK liere in iSi;; on \\w Sulrllilf In Innk iiiin tin Imcnnlai \ i{iii<slinn. ami nil l'i>< ri-tni n in l'.ii|"lanil aiip- m 
 
 hernr,' KiiiK William as iin im|initaiii ^Olicss in Hie s< iilinu-iil nl llti ilispiile. lie ilinl ill Vii-lnri 
 
 1I. C'liiis Swi-iUi-i, w-Ii" i*.is line nl tin iim-iti.cl 
 
 traiis|inrtaiinu c-irelc-s^ l»nt eiiim- In 111 niiliini-tv emi 
 
 tw Ill-Is n 
 'n'lllj; nlle 
 
 f llu- I- a-. 
 
 II 111 lSi)j. 
 
 )>i'iiiiiiiu'ul li^^nie ill \\'il!.iinc-ttc- 
 
 'ise |iassclii.«( i-s wl.n liisl tin-it lives nil t 111- stc-alllsle[i 
 
 Wnlhriilil wllin sliv \\ IS w-lei kis\ lit .11 ('a|x .Meinlia ihii. \l llle lime nl Ills ileilth 111 « u> ne|.;nlialill^ a si lu-llle Ini llie mivi|.nlll> 
 il the fnililiii Kivei, Uo^iiU* s.-niiecl eniii rsM<>»i» Irniii the M ite l.enislalnre in innm'ili>«L wilii imiirnveineiilH In dial slii-ain 
 
 .ipl c, 
 tile enaslin^ Ir.i. 
 
 iilKeJei. 
 
 le ami t. llle Wesi Imlii- 
 
 I 'inni ill Slinkiniit, N \' , in iS-jf, ami at tin- aj; 
 
 KW" I Hillnwiln; lllis In 
 
 1" 
 ilIsi vrllleell was s.lillll^ nut nl .\llallti(- IHlfts 
 
 i-ll nl tile 111. nine lillsilless l< 
 
 I seveial \-e.l|- 
 
 |-s, lie eiilin- 
 
 I'aliriirnia in iK|(|. i(-imii"">(( "» '•••' "* u'lnim-nli" *>\ei ami in llu- niiiies iiiilil iS,;, al wlinli lime lu- eiiiie In ( lie).;nii nml lie^ni 
 
 steaintinatinyj nil llu- ' tin 
 
 • llll 
 
 ih. I,e'»<'iln tile ' lit "<•'/( lie Inliml i-lllplnvliuilt nil llle \\\\l':liii' I until slle was lirnnnllt nver llle lall . 
 
 Ill /•.■/'■ 
 
 iM-iin; llll- niilv 111.111 nil llll. ml wlii-n she 'iiaili- Ihv pt-illnie, tilp lie- wa-, next (-iiipln\i-il nn tile sleaimis i}tt:iuint, Sn>f>ti 
 
 iipi 
 
 \ iin; llll- I mi it- 1 nl llu- l.iltei sl( .niii-i in 11 s i-(-|i In aleil \\\y\\\\ sk\ w.'ilil it tin- turn nl llle explnsin 
 
 llle el1lpln\' nl tin- I'enpie - ii an 'pnl llll Inw c'nillliallv iliilin^', lleaiU' tin- 'vlinle nl ils rnlpl 
 
 I'aptain Ic-iniiu was ii 
 
 I'MHletiee, ami iliiiiii^; Ins lolly yeii 
 
 on the liver ran nearly ■'■I "I llle lime nn llu- \Vill lie, spi-mlinn "n '-'sl Iniiilei-ii years ol liis lili- nn llii- Vamliill loiile ill 11- 
 
 III till- (lri-){oii Kail«i.«\ ,V .Navi){iilinll Cninpain. Ileilieil 
 
 lllanil 111 Nnvc-iiiliel. iWO, 
 
/'(«/(■/ 'Soaiiil Slu:inibi);itf:. dolilcn lJ:iys o/' / /'u.st/' A'/V't N:ivi(j:ttiitii 
 
 65 
 
 iliuvii :iliil ■'^iw " 11ms ' Millet sill inn "" '' '' '':'"•<■ "c ^ilinlilcd in I he tup nl a cDlliiinviKHl, iiiul for Iwiiity yeiils 
 
 iltcnvaiil pilots ^iiul (':i|ilaiiis <iii tlir VV'illiiilicHc tduU t's|ii'<'i,'il pains to |>i 
 
 I 
 I llic rivrr. Imm InnaU'lv , a 
 
 il oiil tills K'liiaikalilc tree to li>iirisls 
 
 Ithoii 
 
 ^;ll scvi-i 
 
 il • 
 
 injnicd, no one was UIIUmI liy the liiialc of tlir /■//■. Dr. C'ai<lvvoll 
 
 it I'oillaiiil ami Ikiiyiiian ji'iiniiins wire dinrlly 
 
 IT tile lioilii, ami, altlionnli tlif stove liy wliicli tliey wen 
 
 ■.lllilin w 
 
 as shattered, iieillier ol tile men weie linit. 
 
 line to The D.ille.s was L'stalilislied in |HS7 '>>' the steamer llii\^iili<. just iinnpleled on tile middle river. 
 il llie ste.iiiici .\fi>i(iiliiiii />'«//■, liiiilt at I'oitlaiid to eoniieet with her. The MiHiiiliihi llml; left the eity July Jijtli 
 on her lirst trip, in idininand ol Capt. Tom Wrinlit. ' Captain HaiiKhmaii was in eliarm' 
 oC the //(is\<t/o, leaving; the steanur ,\/ii/v to assiinie this position. The ,]foiiiiliihi Itiiil; 
 was a sidewheeler 1 ,( ( teet lon^, ."^ feet .) inches lieam, ,ilid 5 feel d inches hold. She 
 was launched June fith and henan rnnniiiK on tlie Cascade route imnieilialely. Her 
 chief claim to dislinction lies in the lad thai she was one of the lew lioats tli.it were 
 originally taken into the Union Transportation Compaiiv or Oic^on Steam Navigation 
 In the service of this liij; corporation she coiilimied 011 the orij;inal route 
 
 I. ompany. 
 
 iiiilil i.S(i.|, when she was strip] 
 
 of her inaehinei y and left ill the lioneyard, wliiTe si 
 
 le 
 
 lilinii' 
 other 
 
 III ()<toliei, i.Sd 
 
 John Wolf was on hoard a urealei length of time than 
 aptaiii, and William Doiaii was anioiij.', the liest known of her engineers. 
 
 Tin- //iisMilii was the first stei nwhei'ler Imilt at II 
 
 le l",as<'ades, ami wii 
 
 I.Vi feel loll^',, 
 
 feet healii, and s h'ct hold, .She iiiad<' her initial trip in Jillv, i.'^sy, and while not 
 
 very speedy was a servieea 
 
 hie h^ 
 
 Her 1 
 
 lower consisted 
 
 • I tli< 
 
 lupines which wen 
 
 llic (id.illc at llie lime of the I'.xplosion at C'aiieniah in |.H«, |. These ell^;ines seived for a lime in the .Sii/ni/Zn. 
 
 lint provill^', loo small for that ciall were liirm-d over to the //nwn/n 
 
 Th 
 
 I- steainei went into the ()iej;oii .Steam 
 
 N.'ivinalion I'oiiip.iiiv with the nst of the lioals on the middle 1 ''v : at the time of the or^;alli/atioll, and coiiliiiiied 
 
 nimiinn niilil isos, wli 
 \ an I'elt and Ainsworth 
 
 en slie was lai 
 
 Ainoiin the maslirs of the //iismi/o were the llan^^hmans, McNiilly, 
 
 The steamer 
 
 S,- 
 
 litii, which hail lieeii hauled oil the |iieceilinn lall to 1 
 
 (ceive Millie 
 
 rrllil 
 
 iiachiiieiy. 
 
 ppeared ay;aiil on the river and ran to the Cascades pari of the lime, occasionallv 
 lakiiin trips on the Astoria route in place ol llic i\liilhi<<mi<li She was Imilt I'm;iii 
 
 llie wreck of the Ci 
 
 ,11, 
 
 ml served liioic as .1 
 
 towlioat than in any other capacils 
 
 Mlir leceiviii); new mailiinci\ she peiloiiiicd y^ood service on the Coliiiiihi.i iiml 
 
 as the lirst steamer that ever Ipioii^ht more Ih.iii I 
 
 wo vesse 
 
 Is lip II 
 
 A',1 
 
 ona at 
 
 line lime. In • Jctolier, i.SsK, ill ciinimand of Captain llo\ t, she toweil the l>a- 
 liiij', l'i,iiii i',1,1, and the sihnoncr l\„^,illh,i , Imin .\sloria to rorlland without inie i; 
 I'lllii iiltv. She was pullv liadly shaken up on ,1 trip to the Cascades in i.'fs'^. tlu' 
 !iiiiiii:nic deck lieiii).', Iilnwii off and llu- sleimer otherwise iiiiiired ( )wiii^; to this, 
 
 opi'iale, the Siiioiihi was shortly 
 
 iinl III the I. lit III. it sh 
 
 e was so expiiisivi 
 
 .itlerward sillt to the holleyiild. 
 
 Captains Tiirnlnill " and Troup hnill a sidewlucl sleamei 
 llii V'.inconver route which at thai time was eoiisiileied a veiv 
 
 It .Milwaiikie loi 
 
 line 
 
 .•I. Sill 
 
 ithci small craft, hut ^;ave nood service Im iiianv yi-.ii' 
 
 tile ttallK 
 
 / ',111,. 
 
 This stciitnci hole 
 prolialily ptoved more piolil.dilc than aiiv ol llie iiniiieiiiii. 
 
 ii.iiiirs;d<cs which lolli.wid her. 
 
 Shi 
 
 lit|p Ni 
 
 \'iiiiIhi I it It, 
 
 III 
 
 r ihmcnsiiiiis wcic 
 
 laiiiiched JiiK iitli and made hci liial 
 Icn^jth. .S 1 led , heani I i IccI , with lieiii liy lot ly lieiii inch etij'jiics 
 
 V.i.? 
 
 1^ ! ; % 
 
 ■'(. .ipl. Tli'-niis U'ii>;)il w.i-i oiii- ol lilt- tlin-f Liiiinii^ -.oii. ol I he 1 1 liliiiiUii I'lliii T. Wiij'lit, Ji iiiiiii wliMM- iiiitii« wir. 
 I '|iiallv Wi-II kiKiwii on llic- Ail;iii(ir mill I'miiIh- rimsts, (."jiplaiii Toin was liuin in New Vrnk in iHjH iUHi lif^itti his <arri'i its a 
 siiilnr nil llu- HlcanuT Sii . tiuihih , \>\\\u^ lu'lwi-rii New Vink atnl Soiilinin |iiiit'., alttiwinl sriMiij; nn tin- '•It tincr AV.r )'«*//■. 
 Hi-. Iiisl > mnniainl was nn iln- Hiii/os Kivrr, wlicii- al tin- cailv .\yv nl si\ticn vcars hi- was running lln- sIciitiu-i f !■•>. In 
 iSii^ In- I aim* In llir ra< ilir I'oasI in tile steamer l\'r\f f\*int \\\\\\ his htnllirts |iiImi T. ami ».iMii(.;e S. Wii^jlil, liiilli «i| .vlioiii 
 ith'iwaid mailr laim- and Inilnm' in sleanihoaliii^ in the N'irtllnvest. At I'anatna the eaptain was ijiscliai^'rd ami (. aplaiii Tom 
 I'Miiijdil her the leinaim'er ol Ihe flislaiiee, Allei iiiiiiiiiiK with this sleaniei rai the soiilliein lonle lot a while, laplaiii \Vii>,;ht 
 louK liei tri I lotiohilii, lemainin^ ihete a vcai aii<l then lel inning; lo A me li can v\atets. Kivet navigation had hi-i r»nie laine lot Ihe 
 « :i|il.iiii, anil tlie Af'iHUiiii'i liitih- ilnl not inleiest him loii^. He lelnttied lo San l'iat:eisen and nnide a few tii]>s as pnisei on the 
 iill .It Minshiii ( .'hiuhhIoh . I'lom their In- went to the shaimt A ///.■//>/ /w, with whieh he made seveial loitnnes. oi at h-jisl 
 '\h.ii would lie tailed lottiines in the pieseiit stale ol slt-amlmatin^;, Mis next sleamei was Ihe />itiii<t, with wliu h he made 
 ' oiiMtletalile moiiev eai t viii^ •'•"vei 11 men t ollirials and height alioiit I hi- Sonnd. When John 'I*. \Vi iy^hl look the I'.hza .htilrt \<tf/ 
 lo lln Sound, (."apl. Tom Wii^^lit ran het foi a while, and in alU*r years, when the ( »re|Mm Uailwav \' Navij^atioii Companv was in 
 lull powei, hi- a^aiii resnnnhd the old ■.te;iinei .nid liin lu-r in opposition lo lln* hij; tfupmaliou lie was doin^; \ii\ wdl, 
 \\\\\\f llieMie^joii R.uiwa\ .V N i\ i^;jilioii I '.inpaii\ wa^ losing', lai^M- sums ol nioiiev eoinlialiii)'. linn, and would iin duuht hit\'<- 
 • \( uhi;tll\ eljerii d a eoinhilial ion. luil the i harj.M was tiiiide I h it I he . Im/t i u'/i was lai i yliiv; emit ralunid (hi tin men, .ind the stianni 
 vv < s*-i/ed l>v ('oiler I ov Hceeliei, and the opposlli<m was thus ended. A)lh<ai),;h the i lOiernineiil lie vet made aiiylhin^ lull a (linis\ 
 ' I .' ii(,;aitisl Captain \V ri>{hl. Ihrv rnineil his husiness and lell him in vii \ pom eiirntiislam-es; allei wa: ' leali/iii)^ the wiony; iloiie. a 
 '"iMptmnise was olferiMl. t'aptaiii Wri^jhl i > at piesetit liviiij.; in Seattle. 
 
 '"t'apl lames Tim iihnll was int< "■ i. d jn the lust steamei t'<ntii>u.Yi and we. ui.islei •»! hit lot ;i loiiv, lime, lie was hoin in 
 ' ' iinl ir iSii, eomiiiK <'> this eontf-* i when lint a voiiiik; man. Allei ruiiuin;; a hmndi\ and imn hiiie shop in St I, mils 
 I'l I lew vears, he laine overhitul to ( >(• ^on in iH^.^. S'liui alter his arrival, in eotnpaiiv w ith I (avid Monastes, whii is still livin^^ 
 11, r<iiilaiid, he started the lirsl maehim sho)) mid foiiii'iM in that eiiv. Mis lirst steamlioatinv; was with the futvjr, in whieh 
 II' '".Mieil an inleie'.t. I-'ioni Ihe time tin- l^,im •urn was Utiilt he w,is inlerested in iifarly all ol the steainhoat veiiliiiesol his 
 "I til law, \V, II Tioup. serviii^ with him up |o '*^«- tinieol his lealh. whieh oceurred Novemher ii, iH; p 
 
!"i 
 
 66 
 
 I I'wlfi ff Dryrlrn'i Mnrlnc Hi'il'iry nf I hi' hicilifj Nniihwnt 
 
 i ! ; 
 
 ■Ml 
 
 lit 
 
 I ;' 
 
 She Wiis llii- lirsl sIciiiiicT 111 make V'.iinoiiviT llic Icrniiims of ;i tiiiii^poiliilinM line. ( )(c nsinii.il Irips wen- iii.nli' 
 loAstiiii:i .iml till- Cowlil/. She w:is iuiiiiii.iikIiiI Iiv IkiIIi oI llic 'riuiibiilK, a?iil Ik r fiiv;infs w»-rc in ( li;irni- nl 
 
 VVilliiiiii II 'rroiip. It w.is iiti this ir.ilt lli;il Ciijil. Jniiu-s Tiiiiiii, win, 
 nflcTwiird atlaiin-d coiisidcrablf fclclirily in X\\v liusinoss, rtdivcd his (ust 
 lessons in slcainhoatiii^;. Slu' continncd on llif \'anc(inv<r ionic iiijlil 
 1S711, wla-n she was sui<ci(lc(| \>y a slirnvvdieidiT of the same name. 
 
 'I'hi- Tnalitin was hoiioicd with a stiainlioat lor a slioti liini- in 
 1KS7. Capl. ("iiorm- I'cMsc hnildinn a small stcannM on tin- livi-i ainl 
 Mamin^; her the .SV/v/«, afterward renaminj; her the ( ohlil . Sin- u;cs 
 purchased l>y lliintin^ton ati<l Ilolmaii soon alter Iter completion, ami m 
 tHsS was taken to the lower VVillanielte iiid plai< d on the Cowlil/ roiilc 
 wh<-re she ran for several years, and (in.illy <iii|i d lur days on the Somirl 
 nndcr the name W'cinil. 
 
 On the ocean roiili' helween \'icloria, I'lij-.d Sound, I'orlland, anil 
 San I'l.incisco ,1 spirited opposition was ra^iiif^. John 'I'. \V'ri^;ht plaied 
 the steamship f »«/;;/i«//i//' (in the line in opposition to tin- l',icirK Mail, 
 
 ('ieorv;c S. Wright ollicialnin .is jinrscr: ami, .is sli 
 
 the largest steai: 
 
 ship wlli( li had vd inteied the C<diimliia Uiver, she e 
 
 njoy 
 
 d 
 
 Hade 
 
 'I'lie slcimship ( \ 
 
 <nniitiili't f\ :i 
 
 fliTward the old Itnillui /» 
 
 n- 
 a noDil 
 iiilliiiii. 
 
 met with .1 late lliidei the latter name which can never lie lorv.ollen. 'I'lji' 
 particulars will he found in the story of the wiei k of the lUolh, 1 /nniilliiui 
 Hefore her rei hristenin^; in lH^H she left S.iii I'ram is( u in Jiilv in eomm.inil 
 of Ca])t. (> W. Staples, with ^so passengers and a heavy vn\y,n. and allit 
 
 'lll)> out IK 
 
 arly th 
 
 lays returned to San h'r.ancis -o in a sink 
 
 IIIV; 
 
 coiiditi'jn. with all of the passengers hailing;. Anions the ( .•l^^;o jeltisoni 
 were nine valnaMe horses. 
 
 whii h wi-ic shot and thrown overh'jard .Micr this r)i<iirreiice John 
 T. Wri>.;ht sold her to the Caliloiiiia Steam .S'avinalion Company. \t\ 
 
 which she was repaired and lenaniei 
 operate their old st.mdliy, the ( o/in 
 
 The I'acifK .Mail lonliiiiied li 
 /. and also ran the Ju/mfi/ii 
 
 which followed tli(! (omiiioildii- as cpjMly as possihie. on some tiips 
 
 ■av fr<nn San I'r.incisco to I'orlland. 
 
 racinj; in close proximity all the w 
 
 The ( iiiiiiiiiiili 
 
 l).dl hrolhers r;m the I'.n ilic .M.iil .leaniers 
 
 as (ommaiided hv Captain I'annllcroy, while the 
 
 li.ihy and I.apid^e makinj; 
 
 and the h'l/nib/ii called 
 
 .1 few trips on the h'i/iii/i/i( . The ' miiiihnlKK 
 
 at Crescent City hotli ways, Imt the ( iiliniilnu niii Ihronnh. Leonard 
 
 \- Creeii were the Portland .incuts of the I'acihc .Mail steamers, and 
 
 .V Lewis ol ll 
 
 W.IS leillK<' 
 ,\n 
 
 d lo $ 
 
 oliiillndiili-. \\'\m\\ tl 
 \' I caliili ami $]•! sleerane. 
 
 K- opposition stalled, (an 
 
 irl.mt addition lo the licet in the .Northwest this vear 
 
 as the h.irkelltilie fmir A. J'li/I.ciihfri; , which was lioiij;ht hy Capt. 
 
 Oeorne I'Mavel Tht- /■'n/K'iiihiii; li.-id heen running 
 
 the Colnmliia 
 
 in the Inmliir trade, .and, while HIavel was sailing his old schooner 
 
 /A/A 
 
 V'lll lip 
 
 and down Hi' 
 
 coast, he 
 
 ilten looked with envious eyes on 
 
 the clipi 
 
 i-r 'hat 
 
 IT k 
 
 iKAvii to malt 
 
 slow pi 
 
 Mil 
 
 1-1 
 
 had niadi- consiileralile monev with the .'/n/i ymi, c.iriyiii),; ici- Irom 
 to San l-'iancisco ami KiinniiiK hai k ('.(ivenimenl lrei(.;ht. 
 
 , aiKonvir 
 
 A loll)' 
 ^;oo<l 
 
 the slimmer he made the owmis ol llic' /'((//v 
 
 III; siK h a 
 
 lifer that Ihcy Inrneil the vessel 
 
 lo him. Shi- arrived at 
 
 I'oi II.iikI llic hrsl lime ill command ol hei new ownei Seplemlier ."ilh. Willi ^ (o ton-, ol .leiyjil , 
 
 iliK h, 
 
 to Ihc' Ol, 
 
 as the larval >! car>;o lli.il li.ad cvir lieeii Inoiiv.hl I" Oicj'.oii, 
 
 The 
 
 ,aiiic |i.i|" 
 
 lis 
 
 ai colilliin 
 p.'ii'l a 
 
 1 iij.l. piliii 'J'. U'n^lil, Si . Wiis lioin in I lai liiij.l'.ii, I-jii^Jahrl, in 1 i'|S, alnl l*ev',iii .^iiiliii^., «. t i,l l-,n^;lisli )miM . win n ;i '1 
 alMJ on on I- of his cruises coin 111;^ 10 I lie I'ai ilir ( oast on .1 wll.ilt-i nejirlv seveill V li\e yi-ats .-i^o, 1 le w;ts itflei «;il'l lllasler ol 
 l»a( kct nliip /.iiftivftl'', an 'I iiia.jc vfi\ a^^es |fi all part', ol tile wdi 1<I, '.|>en<linv! several in on Ills m l-^^vi'l «liiriiii( tin- ^\vi\\ p]ai.;iie 
 1 oinillj.; lo I he rnitcl Sl;ile-. early in llle " lliirlies," he enleic.l IIk* sleatllshili tHe.ttiess lie I wen .New ' Irleims an* I ' .a I vest on 
 aJHfi eslaliilsheij a Inn Ironi Ne'A- \'orl< It, Ch.trleslon, o|,' lallnj.; Ihe slianieis ( nhiilltitii , i ittl ,;\lnil , .V.'.c l>ih<im \.,c IV.i/, 
 ollicrs. Thi'^ line w.-ts 'illlfseinlenl ly |i<ir< hase'l hy .Mol;,oill, I he < t lei, late,] ',le,-|lllsllll, tlian. ami Is still ill o|,ei;,t I ',11 llll'lel Ills ll'it 
 .MUt starling lln- ,M',r;(iili tine all'I making a f'oiiifoil;il,!e tortiine with it, ('a),liiill Wiiv'.hl eli^;a^e,| in a liniiihei ,,f otln-i ■.l,.;iiiis 
 \elltnres ,,ll the Allalllle, anil, in iHl'i. i ;ilne lo llle l';n-|lie Coasl ;ill'l lie^oin rlinililiv; steainshlps out ,,( San l-ialiel'teo fin Ihe vail' 
 rollles north .-mil south. He was in hii;lt lavir with Ihe Ifawailan rioyiaiini'-iil , an<l ni.iile a ^re.tl ileal ol inoni-\ in the liaiie t', ' 
 ml am Is. mul ;tlso ran one or Um, Miiall jo, .il sle;iini-is in 1 hat vn mil \ . His e\i,eiiii,ee in I he ,Norlliwi-sl wll li th ■ I 'umiHmfni r, /*/, , 
 SV'i/ /,'//,/, . hitri im, i\ui\ others, e, ^iveii in 'letail clsi-w lii-ie in this work. IiiittiiK the ( ivil War lie o|,erate,l i-xIniMxeh on 
 I'^.islern loast, ami liiiilt aiiij soM a j»re(il many traiisporls (or r,overmiieiit use. He ilieil in i.S'iH, letiyiii^ three s,,iih, all of wli 
 hiive Iteen proiiiinenl lij^itres in itie sti.,-iiiislii|, hnsiness on the I'licilic Coast, ainl who inlieritcil iiiaiiy o( the trails lliiit tii.aih- 
 oil^'inat ('.i|,taln \\'i i^dil raiii(,n'. on 1 Ao o( e.in,. 
 
;/' 
 
 hi<ji:t Sounrl Stuamhiiah, ISulilin lj;iy\ af h^imr Rivr !\l:ivi(jili'iii 
 
 f>7 
 
 ■lowing lril)iili' I') (."iipt.'iiii I'lavc'l for IiIh ctitiTpriHc iiiid aliilily as a ii.ivijjalor 'I'lii Ij.iikinliiu- /mn ,/. 
 I',ilhiihi>x was l>iiilt at Nfw Ik-lford in iHsi. and caiiif to llif I'arific Coast llic lollovviiiK s'-.ir iii ( li;:in<- ol li( i 
 'iiMiiT, Captain Iwilki-nUTj;. She niaiii- her maiden trip from (ioston to San I'"ran( is( o In r i ■; days, Mis. Jam- A 
 I' ilkinlii-rn and two otIiiT pass<•Tl^;ers comiiij; out willi llie vessel. Her first voya^je ont of San I'Vani isco was to 
 M.inilla. Tlie ilipper sliip /'/yiut; hish, lioniid fm the same port, passed ont of tin' C.olden (".ale at the same lime. 
 
 as lieaten seven days on the passa^;e, the /'iil/.i'ii/iin; making the rnn in thirty nine days. Im hid 
 
 111).', a 
 
 isvintyday hiyover at Manilla, the round trip eonsnmed 11=; days. In {''ehrnnry, iH-,'., (.'.iplain I'ldkenliei;; 
 was killcil in San Frnnciseo, and tlie Imrk was operated in the coasting; trade 111 eoniiiiaiid ol t'.iplaiii llad;;ir, 
 making lier first jrnirney to the Colnniliia in .March, 1MS7. and soon afterward passinj^ into the hands ol Captain 
 I hivel, who sailed her lor a short lime and then Inrned her over to C.ipt. ,\I C. I'>skine, who w.is in eliarne until 
 i«fi^, whet] he was sn( ( eeded by V/i^;^;ins. In \V>\ James l''rr)sl was master, and was lolloued liy Capl.iins 
 U.iss, Knmwell, (',i:iv,V.. Cathearl, llrowii, Ilnbli.ird, h'l.rlcs, and others. The veiier.dile pa> kel is still saillnj', 
 llic seas, .'iiid has prohahly (■overe<l more miles and eariie(' .noie money than any "wind jamiiHi ' that (■\ei sailed 
 
 ^^-C- '. 
 
 
 
 the I'aeilie. Dnrinj.; her lonj; (.iici r on 
 the Coast she has made some reinarkalih 
 fast passa^;es, s<-veral ol ulilih Imvi 
 never been liealeii. In iKOi, under Cap 
 tain I'"lavel, the rnn from Aslr)ria t', S.iii 
 l''ranris(() w;is aii-oniplisliid in tluec and 
 one hall days. In \y.~ .■ Captain l!iown 
 s.ailed her Irom Ilonolnin to Asloija In 
 lourteen days; and two years later Ca))t. 
 J. II. IlnMiard broke ,i|l records by t.ik 
 Inn her over the same eonrse in twelv<' 
 days. The I'dlknihru- bus ( i,iitnbiile(| 
 ■ extensively to m.iiliie hlslrirv In IIm 
 .Northwest. Her d i m e n m 11 s iin 
 ■ -■ length, 1,^7 feel ; beam, .'r, leil 7 Im Iks ; 
 depth, I I feet i> inches. 
 
 The Orejjon .V C.-ililoinl.i I'.n kit 
 I, me, in whlih the I'nlkiiihi ui W.IS serv 
 III); at the time M.ivi-1 boii);lil her, was 
 
 also luniiinv; to I'ortland the b.ark Oaiiii /linl, W'Inniiis, master: the (liii\. Ihnii., Ili-.ily /\'ii/ii(iii/.i,it' . 
 
 U'llllaiiis; and /. //. /.mil, Kiehardson. .\bernethy & Clark were tin- a);eiils. The balks /' ,1/ //,(//, Captain 
 
 lloi-^;, Maddunn, Captain Keynolds, ' Iwaiionui. Captain Drydeii, Sam A/irnll, Captain \V'i).;(.;liis, mel ]/rli,i/in/is , 
 
 C.ipl.ilii I'icston, were also plyin^; to the Colnmliia Viver, Viclorl.i and I'liHel Sound In |niie tin Ij.uk 
 
 I lid.. I: lilldii .irrlver! at I'ortland direct from New York, where she li.id bcin biiill l,\ \\'.ikeiii;iii, Diuion ,V 
 
 I o and VV S. I, add especiallj for the Oregon trade The b.irk eaiiie out li 
 
 ii.irinwly es<Mped destriiition in enlerin({ the river, losiii); both 
 
 ' laidl'.lon. Oil the Sound several vessels loaded lumber a' Slell.irooiii .(iid 
 
 Olyiiipia lor South American |)orls. 
 
 A number of sailin^j vessels were employed in the (.'oos Hay trade this 
 
 season, the most proniinetit bein^ the bark Aidilin. Cajitain D.iibey, bark Mdllmy. 
 
 Captain Iloey, \m\L,Cyilol>s, and the sloop Wiiulhiiiilii ,\l I'uit Orloid Williaiii 
 
 , Is 
 
 Illl II AWKIHI INK ' J \NK A. I'AI K) ,NI11'1(' 
 
 iiuiiiand ol juliu II liii.iol and 
 am hors aii«l re.ieliln); .\storia In a ilcmorall/ed 
 
 Tl( liiior built the schooner .lhn/,-ii, which i-ontliined 111 ll 
 
 Lasting trade lor a 
 
 loll); lime. Sin- was ii craft of thirty one Ions burden, forly-elnht feel Ion);, and 
 seventeen leet be.aiii. 
 
 The most serious m.arlne c.isu.ilty nl the >car was that ol the steamei 
 I'oiUddil, U'liii h was swept over tin- falls .it (tii^;oii Clt\ ,\lar<li 17th, diowiilii)', 
 Cipt .\i( liibald jaiiiiesoii and two others The sli amer left Caiieinah in com 
 niaiiil of Capt.ain J.imieson, who Intended to take her Into the basin al Oic^miii 
 City to dischar);e some frelnhl. The lenul.ir eu>',iiieer. a brotln 1 ol Captain 
 Jaiiilesoll, remained on shore, ;ind the lireiuan, I'eter Anderson, and a deckhand 
 
 llallleil 
 
 liell, 
 drill 
 
 vcre the only persons 
 
 boai<l. In swint;ini; into tin- basin tin 
 
 ste.MiK I ilrllled lo<i far out ; and, the river 
 
 belli 
 
 iiKin^' 
 H unusually liiKh, tl 
 
 cai 
 
 i);lit Illl and, before the men on board were aware ol it, she be);aii U 
 
 I urieiil 
 
 Wolk lo'.Vald llle Mill 1,1 I he lilisin. 
 
 Til 
 
 IhmIi 
 
 (11 
 
 N ■ . .jff ! 
 
 m 
 
 r^ii 
 
 posiliou III which they weie pl.iced then bee.snie .app.irciit tollie men and lliey iii.ide an Mllcinpt to );el 
 
 li^ 
 
 ' I iipl IviIwiimI II. Keyilolils, «liii wllsMlllin^; In llie Sninul in llii- l).irl< Mailmnhi in lS|7, w.is luiin in linslnn In iSo;, .iinl r 
 ^llll iiiiiinii); Illl Illl. Sail I'liini IM o iiinl I'li^rl Suninl runle, liiui); iil |iii'.iiil m < oiiini.'iml nl ilie sliip Ihuiiipml 1 !<• siimcI 
 liiiiM lhr,7 until 1SH.1 in llii- iniiiliiv nl Mi-I)^ns \- C.mwIiv, ImiI Im llle last fiinrlii-n vi-ius liiis lii-eli In llii- ilil|.li.v nl lln- I'ntl lll;il<ili-s 
 .Mill Ciiiiiiiiiii) . 
 
"^^WF 
 
 ^t 
 
 ' M 
 
 1 
 
 i "' I 
 
 6« 
 
 hw'iH (f l)rytlii]\ M.irini' History (if thi- Pncific Nnrthwffit 
 
 tlu' liiiiit iiiidi'i loiittol : liiit tilt' slcain li;iil mil ilnwii. mid sIk' could iiiiiki' no licadwiiy ii^iiiiist the iiiirtiil. C'a|it. 
 ()i-nrnf IViiso WO'* stniidiiiK mar, and, realizing llii' (iaiiv;ir, tliii'w out liiii'S mid callid lo tin- iiifii to jiiiii|) 
 oviTlioard and soi/f llioiii. Tin.' lircinaii, IVtci Aiidurson, lii'cdcd tin.' waniinn and was liaiilcd in saMy liy Capl.uii 
 Pease. Captain Janiii-son. and lUII, tlic di'ckliand, licsitati'd loi a inoiiicnt, finally jnnipcil too late and wnc 
 spicdilv --wcpl to tlifir doatli. 'I'lir lioat went rivir tlie l.dls, and wliiii it scltlrd ludow llu' apids tlic lionsi' and 
 iippii works lloalcd <iH and went on ilowii the river, <oniiii^; aslioic at I'ortlaiid conipaiatiMlv iiniiiiuHil. Tin-. 
 proved tliiil, if Jainiesoii anil Hell liad reinaiiird willi it, llieii lives iiMKlit have lieiii sa\cd 'I'lii pili>t house 
 was picked up liy a sleainer near the niontli oT the Willaliielte. 
 
 Two explosions took |)lace in iKs7, an<l the steamers in tjotli eases were pioneers in Iheir respective loealilics. 
 The /■■(//m, owiieil hy A. U. Ralilieson olOlyinpia, the (Irst Aineriean steamer on i'n^;et Sound, explode<l licr 
 lioiler ()<lol)er 2jd, jnst as she was leaving the wliarl al Steilaiooni rf)r < )lyiiipia, slinhtly injmiiin every one on 
 hoard except the iiiuineer, and seriously sealdin^ Mrs. ]•'. Kennedy, a passenger. 'I'lie hull sank at tin- 
 wharf iininediately alter the explosion, hnl on searching for it a lew days later no trace could he loiiiid. It was 
 discovered a week aflerwanl lloatinn fifteen miles ahove Sleilaeoom, Iml the nn'e'liiiiery hail disappe.ired. Tin 
 \i'(ixliiiii;lo)i, which was the first steamer on the Hinpipia and one of the first on the Willamette Kivcr, siincied in 
 explosion near Scottshiirn. Uicemlier ulh, in which live persons were fiealded and injured and the steaiiici 
 totally wrecked. The ste.imer had hecii rnnniiiK lielween rmpipi.i and Scoltsl)nr^; for a lonn time and u;is 
 supposed III lie ill ^ood eondilion. As in the case of the /'niiy .ilid a Inlin list of calastrophes of this iialnie tli;it 
 
 occurred in alter e.ars, no .apparent cause for the disaster ( oiild he 
 discovered. The hii^ /, /.'. /htiwn, a well known eoastir, came tu 
 Hiief ;it the nioiith of the Noyo Kiver, Octoher ,V'tli. While lyiiin in 
 ,111 open roadstead she parted her eli.iin and drifted into the hieakeis, 
 111! (iiiiinn a complete loss. Captain Miller was in comiii.ili<l .ind Willi 
 his crew escaped III safety. 
 
 The entire Northwest, ami especially Hritish Culiiinliia .iihl 
 Washinnlon, was the scene of a veritalile lioom in is.S'^- A wild iiihli 
 of K'dd-seekers came Ihroiining np from the lower coast, and in Imc I 
 from all over the world. News of the marvelous richness of lln 
 I'Vaser Kiver ^old mines spie.id r.ipidly, and there was ,i repetiliuii 
 of the ' p) excitcimnt in California on a somewhat siii.iller sialc 
 Naturally eiioiinh the Ineky ones of this hi;; crowd included lint ;i 
 small ]iir( enlace of the total nninlier arriving, and the disappoiiiliil 
 majority drifted into other pursuits, farming. IninlieriiiK, trading 
 lishiii^, lie, all of which necessarily (^;i\e all impetus lo the maiini 
 liiisimss lh;il it had never enjoyed before ; and, while the ^iinvlli 
 afterward was nolliiii^ like the iihenomen.il Inisiness w.ave that stnii k 
 the transporl.iliiiii cnmpanies early in l.S.vS, that year |iioli,alily mem- 
 lli.iii any other will he rememhered as the heKiniiin^ of a period ol 
 develci])meiil th.il was never checked. The mnshroom towns llial 
 sprang iij) in a week could not .ill survive. Iiiiwe\er, .iiid a few I'adtil 
 as rapidly as lliev had hlossomed. hut the iieoiile were now heie. anil 
 
 CAIW OKCJU..!. W. 11. .\ 1. II. II 
 
 the work ol making the new Northwest a rich .iiid ])iospeniii>. 
 commoiiweallh he^aii in dead earncsl Whatcom .ind \'ictoria were the ports that profited most from the I-'rastr 
 Kiver exciteiiienl, lull, while Victoria never losl the presume gained, Whatermi settled hack into a state of letliar^;y 
 lidiii uliich she was nut arouse d for twenty five years. The ocean sleamsliips, many of which had reached llie 
 Coast barely ill time to witness the abateiiient of tlie California K<'ld fever, had been nii]irolitabiy emploved imisl 
 of the lime, .ind now made up for lost ipiii.ituiiilies, paying better than the ^old mines so indiis'rioiisly soii^;ht. Il 
 was no longer a ipiestioii ol rates, biil iiislc.id a itialler of siipplyiiiH steamers eiioiij.;h to h.iiiillc the crowds 
 that were rushing' northward. 
 
 The sailing \issels did not ovirlook this harvest, and many well known coasters, with liastiK' ini|iiovi'.' il 
 passcn^i'r accommiid.ilions, bronchi up goodly numbers of ^old-seekers, '("lie bri^ Afiii liniilnnni, Capt. ("leoinc 
 W. lioyd. was one of the first of the sailing Heel to iiiKa^e in this trade, and left Sail I'raiicisco on I '-r first liip 
 uilhlwo Imudlid passengers. .\ ^ood idea of the l.ir;.;e tr.illic produced by the iili]i.iralleled mi^r.itiipii is 
 
 '-'e'.iht. Cfor^c W. Ili)\(l wiis Imuii in .Mainr in iSj\. Me cnUicil llir scrvii-e on the All;nilir Cciasi while >fl a tiny, ami ^^as 
 sliipwrcrkcd (111 fapi' ("nil ill llii- scIkhiuci h'ohiit A'ii/:f'\ ut llic n\^i' nt Ihirtci-n, Aflcr rcailiiti^ tin- iiosilinii ol tnaslcr, anil Maii'itu 
 vcssrls to llu* \\'rsl liwiirs .iiul all parts of i-iiiropc ami llu- MfdlU'l r.-illcaii, lu- tanii- lo lln- Pacilir in iS^S. lakin^' cll.-irj^e iil 'la* 
 A/t'if /iiin/iihlll. Ill' rcniainril with luT tlirn- \i-ars, anil lluil wrill to llu- ,hip <i>i/uiinl)ii, wliicli he li;tn*lh-(l (or si-\(-n \cars. His 
 next vi'ssci ill .M< i^(|^s' cniploy w.-is the 0\ III I'll, wliirli lu- loniinaii'h-d (luring one season. Tllen he hail rliar^;e ol llie H'i/,/;,iii>'f Ifir 
 two \ears in the I'hilia tr.-uli-. ^olll^ floin lu-r to I he / 'iJt'th-. lie w.'ls inasler ol this vessel lol si^ se.its, inosl oT tile liliu- en^.l^eil III 
 the lutulier tradi' lo Soiitli .Anieiiea. ( hi le;i\iii|^ l he / "hi f I It' lie enteii-il the iMiiplov ol Kenton, I lolines iV to., .iiul saileil the si ip 
 ()/ill^i' lor seven years to Cllin.t ,'llul .Mexico. He then lllaile one voyage ill the //;//// . /. />'l'lj;i;\ whirh lie lell to talie ehal>.M nl 
 the ti'ritrni/ /•'diii/ii/i/, in which he was a jiarl owner, ami whirli he operaled lor si\ years ill the coal liaile hetween Hritish t'oliiin in 
 ami Califiirnia ports. lie .ilso owlleil all inleresi in the ship IVni hliwill , wlliill lu- ran for a M-ar aHer le.iviiij; the /■'mu /li/il. ml 
 then letireil IVoni active service, still n-tainin^' his interest iii the ships (,'inri,il luiii i lilfil, tl'iit /itt •\f// ■Aut\ A'it/ii\ A ll'nni/. ill 
 
Piiijrl HuiiihI Hti'iinli(i:ilH, (lolilni l):ifi t)/' Ir-if^r K'l^fr Ni)vi(j:iti 
 
 69 
 
 nlitiiiiiLfl fn)i!i llu- passi-n^'tT cU'iirmufs frotn S:m I-Viiikmsco for Victoria and I''ras(.T Kivcr points. TIr- InlNiwinj; 
 
 list ^ivi'S llu- iiaiuf itl tlu' vi'ssris ancl the nnniln.T ol pjissi-nxiTs <iirri<*il Iiy t-acli InlwttM Apiil isiiti'l Aiiv;ust 
 7, iH.s**- II t*^^*> shows, in a striking manner, tlie rinc ami lall ol tlir I'raser Ihhimi. In 
 April till- stcanisliip ( omff/oi/nn lairitd \itit passcnj^frs. tin* scliDoiirr (iolticH S/it/f is, <'»ucl 
 the stranitT (\>n\tihf(ion 1 pi. total |SS- In Msiy t''*^' steamship /\tmtnni'' crtiriiMJ s,''-^. tlu* 
 i ofuifhuion- io|, and llu* /\tii/it " S"*'. l'>lal i,2'»i. In Jnin- the straniships A'//>///'//> rarried 
 vs^. ^ ommodote <*"*>. I\uimihi i,o7'i, Cottv" '' -^"X, Smihi (tu '* j*>.S, Otti^if/ ^iH, Suna 
 Xt iihht V"", /'"<//// pn» ; srhooncis dinUittn Ms, Is'ossttlh M, I'.mmtt \s, i*tl\^}tm \\ ; 
 Iiaiks I (t/i/onii(i i, ( loldhunttt \\2, .hithinh' loo, /,/,"/■ >V////vv j|o, /A /I/. /A/// 10:;,, 
 A*, /'iiwffti^tf ^s" '''"" /''//I' iiMi; tin- ship ll'////<//;; took iS";ind the hiij; /■'. .Ii/n///^ 
 also took IV. a total ol Iwi'iity loni vrssels, cairyini; 7,1 pj passen;;ers. In July tlu- \esstls 
 rallying passen^irs vvt-ie : steamships Otiuthn 7.S/1, Cottt:: (\\ (, Sanltt ( nr: Moo, Oiri^oH 
 7(S, Ihotlut Jonathtui ^s". Siena iXeiuula <j(»o, i\uilii \Uu, /*tunnmt 1 2.S ; st hoiiiiers 
 Ortolmi I, .l/tf/'ih, i'miuts llthu \ \, d-iltUn Slate js, /ttunftf j, Sfttton /', /t/f/n/ ■^j, 
 diiilhllii lo, /'//i;r 'p, /'i'uttiH I, Uin'tn «</ M^- /vAa i^, /\i>s(i///t/(t ' 1, A't/'i>t//f 1. Af>//i; 
 11 iMMii l'o.l^^ /\/i(f/t/ S, .Sftsttf/ . l/i/i;(i/ \ , \n\^s (ffmttut |o, /'ttsf7rfr Hi>, I'.llt'n II. tt'tun/ H, Ontultlx lu'llr 
 
 well klM)\\ll c( 
 
 . r itiitiiii).', Ix'lwccn llttlisli r>tlnni)ii:t ;iii>t i'li^cl Soiiiiil < oal jturts iiihl (.'iiliforiiiii. In liis loii^ cuo-cr (iii Uir C"iist 
 
 ( iipliiin |U)><I liMs mil Willi iiiiifn'iiilv ^mkmI tihk, ik vi-t liuviiu: Ini'l 11 scrioi 
 
 nr'.cht living; in S:iti I'lath ism, fii)o\ iii^; 
 Tin- '.ti'aiiishii» /'///(////// Wiis 
 
 llir 
 
 III Ills iri.iii 
 
 I idcnl lni|ipc'ii toMship in his t'Imr^;i'. Ih* is ;il 
 
 V >) ills 
 
 liiuj Iiccn iHinonini'd in tin* ICiist, the (nfifo 
 
 III (lie nriv^iiiaj tlin-i- '.Inini 
 
 iinij lilt- On 
 
 rrll tin 
 
 > limit for the Pacilir ('(lasl Irailc alter tin- <l 
 
 Ki iivcrv (ii 
 
 I'; 
 
 Itii 
 
 Mail Ii 
 
 f KoM 
 
 ]»rrnMliiiK Iirr. Wliili- rnnniii^; on llu' notlln'rii toiiu-s in tin* 
 '.In- w;is roniniJintlc.j hy tin- DalK, \Va1'.(Mi, Wakmiaii, Wlnlin;^, loliiisoii ami I'rctH li. Wlicii the I'arilir Mail 
 
 ■i| Its iioMlirtn roiilfs over In Urn Molladav. t ln" f'<iniiniii 
 
 uiliniiril (III lliis Ittif iiiilil rS'iM. wlicn slir was soM lo tin 
 
 st ol Mfxico iMiilr) IIk' 
 
 M(Mi an < ',iivi-rnnii-nl, wliii litlnl lii-i ii]i as a t<'\<'nii' iiniJ tiittispoil straimi .iM<t laii lict on tlic west 
 
 ri,intr ol /lliUf':. 
 
 'Tin- f'lhifii was a snmll siilcwln rl stratnstiiii ol Syf) loiis ImimIi-ii. She was limit in Nrw N'otk in |S',i, was two lMinili<-<l 
 ui'l iwMilv tliitr l< (I Ion;;, tliiiU lliiir Icct a\ im lirs luani, an*! scvi-iitrrn Itrl liold. Afln (Mining; tint horn llir liasl s)ic ran l<ir a 
 nrnrontlii- ran.nna Upittt-. lail wil h I lie (lei lim- ol lMi--im-ss was hiiil ii|i lor a wliilc. <Mi lict jiinil at \'iiloiia in iS'tH she was 
 Ml ( liar^jf ol t apt. Kolii-n Halt y. with < ». Van liiisn. cntiimcr. Hairy w.is siicri-r<h(| l.y I'attrrson, Ihirns, I ir WoH, Mrl/v;»-r, 
 Slaplrs, Tia^^r. WiiiHor, Stoilhanll, llariison, Slnrwooil. ShoII ami llowrll. In iS^l, whilr in coniniaml of Stapirs m lonli' Ironi 
 i'rallainl to Astoria, hIk* sank in titr (.'ohiinhia mar VoHin Uork, July iSlli The sti'anicr /''vf^irw took Ihr lire engine down f'rniii 
 I'orllan'l, and allrr rotisiilrralilr trotihtr she was laiM-d and puMi)ii*r| oiil. A li-w rrpaits were nia'tc and she a^ain wriit into scrvtrc, 
 )iul was H-tiinl in 1H7/, oiilv to Im- r<->uri(*( tt-d a^iiiii in iH/S. when tin- ( assiai iiiinint.^ rM'iliim lit litoii;.'hl out i ^tr\' old pai kit that 
 roiild lloal. She airivcd at \ir|oria on ln-r lirsl trip April lotli, and a l<Mal papn, in <-oniini'iitin^ on lirr, said : " Slit* h;ts ic< rnlly 
 licin rcliiiilt and is in cxcidltrnt st-H ^<iiii^ condition." Six inonths later sin- provt-d tin nntrutlilnlnt'ss o| that stiiiiiiu*nt hv the 
 most awlnl inarini' disaster that ever oeeiirred on the Parilii- I'ojisl Inee wreck o( steamship /\iiifit, iSytj). 
 
 'The slcainship t o) (r : was hnill in .\t v\ Vol k to nin in tlie lndependeiil l.iiie witli the steamer ll'in/ii'lif Si "ft. Sin- w.is ol 
 ahoiil Soil tons hnideii, )eii|.;th two hundred .tiid I went v hve lect , with thirty I wo and a hall h-et heaiii. and 1\m-iiI \ four feel depth ol 
 Iiolii, She real lied San hratuisco on her lirst trip Iroin ranama. (htoher 7, iHt,.^, With the <h*chiie ol laisiness on the I'iiiiama 
 loute she was sent on (aeasional voyaj^es North. She arrived at Vancouver. Wash., on her lirst trip Ocloher l,^, l-S.^H, in 
 coninniiMl of dipt. T. II. Ilnntin^ton, and continued rn lining to I he North, in charv.** <>( IIunlin).^ton and (.'apt. C C hall, nil til |H6^, 
 She was tiirm-d over with the rest otthe lleet lo HoMadav \- l-'lint when ihev eiitereil the steamship hiisiruss in iSfji, ami was s()lrl 
 hv tlieiu to parties v.Iio sent her to China. She was siihseniieiitU destro\e<l hv hre at Shan|^liai. 
 
 ■''Tlie steamship S'lu/ii Cm::, which was j. laced on the northern route, in i oinmaiid of I';iunlh-T<»y and Staples, as an 
 independent steamer, runiiinjj; riii Crescent (.'ity, was ol a later date than the (fiii^ou and /'i//iit»ti. Iml w.is ahoiil as slow as the 
 otiieis. In iSfti ,slie was loaned lo the I'nJled States I Vovemnient lor a lew months and Idled out as a revenue cnller, sidling under 
 the uiUUf (t'l Uftii/ StiniHn. When she ndl the Cictvernmenl service she w.as honj^hl hy San I'ram isco p.n tics for /,|'',i). mi and taken 
 to China, uhere she was sold (or ifHi/nwi. 
 
 'The sttainship Strrm iWevadtt was Imill in New \'ork in 1H51 hy Charles Morgan, who intended her lor the Texas traile. 
 Sin was alterwartl soh! lo t."oninio(lore * iarrison, and made tin ee trips to (."Iia^ies, then s;m I in^ Iroin New \')irk lor S.ui h'ranciseo, 
 lieceiiiher \2. iS.=;-i. in conimiiiid (d (.'apt. J. I», Wilson, who tlied at Panama and was succeeded hy Cajitain Tanner, who conipIete<l 
 I he v'lva^e. Her fit si work on arrival was on tin- San jnaii route, in char).'.c ol (. itptain llletlieii She was one ol I he fastest ol the old 
 line of steamships, and, while sin niij.',lit Ipc i onsiilereil ii slow packet to(l;i\, in iS<j.' she made a tecitrd Iroin San I'rancisi o to 
 Portland ol ;j hours, which was nol healeii toi several \ears. The steamer lirst < anie to Poill.and in t Iiar^^e id |)all, who was 
 siK 1 eeiled hy Wakenian, Conner, Jolinston, Williitms, Hnntinj;don, I'aunlleroy, and olhers, of whom Conner was lonj^est in 
 coniniand, Iiiirin^; his time tin* old steamer carried S'"! ami 'poo passcii^^ers ]ier Uip. When liolladay started the Calilornia. 
 ' iie^^on \' Mc\ir;in Steamship Ctiinpanv the Si it /</ ,\\ vat{,i was (uie of its hesi sle.iim.'rs. She made her last voya>.;e to I he North 
 ;ilioiit iH'.M, ami t hr lollowinj,; year was jiPk cl on one of the southern ronttH out of San I'taneiseo, and within a short time af'terwanl 
 sliiK k a reel r.lf Pedro HIam <» and hecanie a total wreck. 
 
 '' With the Otfti/iiH, as inato, was Daniel Iv. P'arlcy, wln», at the present writing, has spi-nl over filly years of his lil- in active 
 srivfie on the Pacific Coast, lie was l>f)rn in New Vork in 1^53. ami when nine years old lonndetl the Morn as cahin hoy on the 
 wlialin^^ ship .//( /"/pr. serviii^^ w itii her in the Norlli until iS,|^), when she pnl into San l>iej^',f( and he joii.ed the whaler lllimns, 
 nil wliicli lif iciiiineil to Sa^ Ilarhor in iS^'i, coming; out a).;.iin in the schooner h'ohrt I /!mi, , in which his unci ■ Wiis part owner. 
 The Ih Hit- .111 tved at San I'rancisto, Octoher l 2, iH.so, ran lor two \cais he I ween I he May City and the Saiidwii h Ishuids and was then 
 sohl to the Shoalwater Hay Oyster Companv fin the lirst trip in their service the stewanl pois<ined the captain and st-t lire lo 
 Hie vessel al llnicejiorl. <>n leavinj^ the / / '/ • '- .'itaJn I-'arley ohtainetl a position on the sclmoner I:il7vaui A. hio\i, s.iilinj^ l'> 
 ihiiiohiln for two years. lie tin 11 weiil wl aPn;', --v. •■ latsteerer <»n the Jfiinii/ '/ t'loiuf'son, and on his reliiin wtirked in Ihe pilot 
 ■ " i\ice on Sail I'raiicisco har lor a \ear. wh n lie p I'lcd ami followed I In- coast inj.; Irade until iHs^s. lie hit the ( h fo/uH lo ;.;o to tlie 
 niiiM'., hut, with other disaijioiiilcd ^.^rdd-st k<'^ii< ii led lo San ITain isco in the lall and soon loiiiid a la-tlli as master (d Ihe 
 M hooner .V />. />'<ii/iy, which he hantlled Itiod iS'is. .t which time he secured an interest in the /•'antut' (,//miHt', credilt-d willi tlii- 
 faslest schooner trip ever made Ironi I lost on U- San I'l aiieiseo, ctiinin^^ out in one hnndicil and seven days, lie ran Ihe /uninir < ,' i/itmir 
 milil .d(.n^' in the eiv;hties, wln-n he t<»ok the si i <'.iii -r I'linnw pHdiuf. rniiiiiiiK to Pii^et Sound, ami remained with her until iHf/*p, 
 liavm^; heeti in < hary^e u hen she pick«-d up the 011 ly siir\ ivots Iroin tin- lost Sf. Sfi />hirt. Mis ne\t vessels were ihe sclioonns /ninf'ii 
 and Ol iiul, which he sailed in the matliei 11 tiadt- iinlil ihont two \ears aj,M>, win 11 he was j-iveii coniniaiid of the liichoat (in, ri hoi 
 ^I'lihlntni in San Prancisco harhoi. 
 
 "Tlu? schoom r l\\i\ii/ihia, which the Tillamooker'. had hiiilt in (Ss7. >'"ninience<l rnnniii^^ tliis \ear, hut proved ;i very 
 iMiiaolii.dile specnlaiitni. She was a neat litth i tall hU feet Iouk- '7 '''l I" am, 'p feet ^1 inches hold, ami was <(wne<l hy P.llnid^e 
 I I >' 1: . laiiK s and Nelson 1 1 i^^inhothani. She was loath il a ith ptovisions and la 1 111 prorlnct- and -cut to San ]-'ianei'<co in comma ml 
 "\ I man named Mams tip si curt- tlu- halaiice o! her e(iuii»menl. Mai ris was a poor tiatlir. and when the wurk was rlouf he could 
 I'll' IH' » t the hilts. Accordmj^lv Ihe schoom-r was liheleil ami -.ohl, and tin- owners lost hoth vesst 1 and ear^o. 
 
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Lewis (J Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 lo; harks A;/<t /,. /Me 186, Kahumkeag 60, Jennie Ford 45, F.Uen Thomas 9, Live Yankee 190; ships A". /•* 
 Willills 250, Cairibeait 330, Leonidas 150, Manuel Afoittl 75, a total of thirty-seven vessels, carrying 6, .78 
 passengers. In August up to the 7th, wlien the crowds began diminishing rapidly, the Santa Cruz took 
 
 30, the Panama 49, brig EUenita 5, ship Oracle 170, a total of 254 
 passengers. The greatest crowd leaving San Francisco on a single 
 day was on July ,^d, when the steamship Santa Cm::, schooner .//<»/, 
 barks Lucy L. Hale and Nahumkeag, ships A". F. H'illelts and Cani- 
 bean, took 1,732 passengers. The second largest number sailed from 
 the Bay City, July loth, when the steamships Sierra Nevada and 
 Paritic, schooners Golden State, Jeanette, Simon /•'. IllunI and GiuUetia, 
 and the brig Curacoa, took away 1,409 passengers, and on June 24th 
 the steamships Commodore and Oregon, and the bark Ann Perry, took 
 1,218 pa.ssengers. 
 
 During the same period the following vessels cleared for \'icto- 
 ria and Fra.ser River points with cargoes only : bark Mallory in May, 
 and in June the schooners Osprey and Fanny Piper, brig Eolus, and 
 the sloop Curlejv, followed her. Those sailing in July were : schooners 
 Lord Kaglan, Cornelia Terry, Island Queen, Umpqua, Xevada, AY/ru- 
 beth. Kale Adams,General Morgan, W. Hicks, Santiago. Ann Pelgardno, 
 Osceola, Jllack Prince and Alexander, barks Ocean liird, Acadia, J. R. 
 Mora, /Ironies'" and American, stoops Leonidas, Hatlie /^orter, Olive, 
 brigs Sitiss Hoy and/ 5. Cabot, steamer Wilson G. Hunt, tug Martin 
 White, barge Sacramento, and ship Frigate /iird. 
 
 The Columbia was the regular Portlaud steamer, and hundreds 
 who could not secure passage direct to the Sound went via Portland to 
 the Cowlitz, thence overland to Olympia, where they took steamer or 
 In the fall the Columbia made a few trips to the Sound, and was then 
 withdrawn from the Portland route and ran for a short time to the I'mpqua. White running to the Sound slie 
 maile stops at Huralioldt, Crescent City, Port Orford, Umpqua, Port Townsend, Steilacoom, Olympia, Teekalet, Port 
 laultow and Neah Kay. Her last pn.ssage to Portland was made in August, and was her one hundred and iiftietli 
 on that route. She also . lade several voyages to San Diego and Panama after she entered the northern service. 
 The Commodore met with an accident early in the rush which prevented her from securing a share of the spoils. 
 She left San Francisco overloaded, carrying, beside freight, about four hundred pa.ssengers, and within a few hours 
 Ijegan leaking so badly tliat she had to put back for repairs. When she again appeared on the route it was under a 
 new name and management, John T. Wright having sold the .steamer to the California Steam Navigation Company, 
 wlio called her the /irolhcr Jonalhan. At that time Wright also unloaded the steamer Pacific on the same company, 
 who thus came into possession of a pair of worn-out hulks which were destined for a horrible fate. The very 
 mention of their names cau.ses a shudder of horror to those whose friends li" coffined within their rotttn 
 
 O1.1VKR Van DrsKK 
 
 sailing vessel to the upper country. 
 
 l't)KTI.ANI>. 0«.. IN 1S5S 
 
 timbers somewhere in the depths of the ocean. The strong incentive for risking such tender old craft m 
 passenger traffic can be realized from the statement that John T. Wright refunded $i2,5<x>to the gold-seektis 
 who had taken passage on the Comniodore at the time she was obliged to return for repairs. 
 
 '" Tile hark lironlis was one of the liest known Itiniber traders on the Coast for over a quarter of a centur}-. anil was alwav- u 
 profitaljle vessel. One of the best known captains in coninianil wasi l'. W. tlatter, at the present time a I'liKel Sound sieiiinsli p 
 pilot. She made lier last trip to Honolulu in 1H77, arriving there April loth in a sinking rondition owing to old age. She w s 
 cundemued and sold, and the man who took her over " never came hack." 
 
Pugt't Sound Steamboats, Golden Dap of Fraser River Ndviyatiun 
 
 7' 
 
 Tlie principal steamships on the northern routes in 1858 were comnuuideil as follows: Norllurncr, C. C. 
 
 n.ili: Oitiion. Patterson; Ptuifii-. Haley; Snu/n Cm:, Fauntleroy ; Columbia, \^ . \,. Dall ; /'(i;/(//«a, Watson 
 
 and Mall: Coili:. Hnntiiigton ; CommoJoie, Staples; Sitrni XffaJti, lUethen. The A'r/>ii6/ii, Oriuibn and 
 
 Slipliens were in charge of the captains of the regular steamers, which 
 they temporarily replaced. Among the best known engineers running North 
 in the Fraser River fleet were Oliver Van Duser," Elijah Mott, I,. V. 
 Hogeboom," and Ivdwin and Alonzo Cox.'' 
 
 While the mining excitement was at its height, nearly all of the 
 steamships ran from San Francisco to Victoria and Hellingham Hay without 
 stopping at intervening points, but as the crowds thinned out they again 
 called at Astoria and Portland going and coming. Leonard iS: C.reen were 
 the Portland representatives for the Pacific Mail Company, which was 
 running a boat directly from San Francisco and one I'ia Crescent City. The 
 Merchants' Accommodation Line, as John T. Wright styled the stcaiiiers 
 Commodore and Piuijic before they were sold to the California .Steam Navi- 
 gation Company, also ran one steamer 
 via Crescent City, and was represented 
 at Portland by Allen & I^ewis. Richards 
 & McCracken were agents for the Saiila 
 Cm:, which started independently in 
 the spring but soon withdrew. The first 
 tugboat on the .Sound arrived this year. 
 She was called the Resolute." and a short 
 time afterward collided with the Norlh- 
 
 ,riii) olT Itickenson's Point, damaging the latter vessel to the extent of about 
 
 >i,(Mo and seriously injuring a soldier on board. Capt. J. M. Guindon was in 
 
 coimn.ind of the A'esoli/le at this time and remained in charge during her entire 
 
 ciieer on the Sound, which ended in 1S68 with a fearful boiler explosion. 
 
 The Ol/er and the lleazi r were still the mainstays of Victoria's home fleet, but 
 
 ill the fall the machinery arrived to e(iuip the first steamboat built at that 
 
 point. In the spring the Consliliitioii and the Sea liiid were running Iwtween 
 
 Stcilacoom, ()lyni|>ia. and other Sound ports, the former with Captain Gove and the latter wi 
 
 n<)<^Kiiiiu.\i 
 
 J. M. C.l'I.N-IMIN 
 
 ith Francis Conner as 
 
 " OlivtT \'aii I>itser, <me (»f the ohlt'st stcuuislii)) engineers on tile Coast, was on the i\ui fi, this year, running .North in 
 Wrights line Mr. Viin Dnser was liorn on Staten Island in ,S^2 anil lie^an his marine career on the .Mlanlie Coast. His lirsl 
 ^icaiiiship was the ohl I \iiie:. In l^%b he was with the Sra liiij, anil prior to joining the l\iiilii he ran on the Sirii,: \, :tiilii. 
 Me Ittt the l'<h i/i, Id ^o to the steamer ('nnit'lia, and spent tile j;reater part of his time on the southern routes until iSf)5 ()6, when 
 hr si'vid oil the Peruvian Hunhoai ("(i/ii« Tor eighteen months. Injaunary, i.S6(), he entered the employ of the Californi.T .Steam 
 Navi;;atiou Company, on the steamer Citlifufiin, with Capt. Charles Thorn. I''roni the ( 'tili/oini,i he went to the . .'/•' f. leaviuj; the 
 I.itter vessel for the Idiiho, on which he worked hut a short time, returning; to the Ajax n 1.S67 and reniaiuiuK there nine vears. 
 Ill 1S7(> he joined the lirorxc /('. I'llri, where he served until the steamer Oiriioii lanie out. two years later. lie spent two years 
 oil Ihi- l)i,Xi"i, anil left her in 1S.S0 to take charge of the < 'ttlumbitt's engine room, and has occupied this ]iosition up to the ])resent 
 tilllv. 
 
 " IviiKinecr L. V. HoKehoom was horn in New York in 1.S27 and commenced his marine service on the .\tlantic in 1S47, 
 luiiiiini; from New York to Southampton and Bremen as fireman and oiler, hut left deep water for a short time to wnrk on tlie 
 llinlson River steamer litnpiit'. lie was next third assistant enj^ineer on the steamship rtciit.'thnis, the lirsl vessel constructed I)\ 
 V.inilcrliilt for his Nicaragua line, attaining the |>osition of first assistant 011 this steamer, lie also made a triji to Liverpool on the 
 iMhtMlti. In May. iSsj, he was transferred to the steamship ISiolhti lonadhin, .\\\i\ came to the Pacific Coast cm her as first 
 assist. lilt with llirain Sanford, all of the crew si^niiif; a contract to remain with the vessel for a year. .\t the expiration of this 
 liiiu lloKcliooiii was appointed chief, lint left this position a year later to return to Phihidelphia, wiiere he placcil the inacliinery in 
 tlu- 111^ / 'thtei :,-nlt'i\ wiiicli he accompanied to San I'rancisco, leaving; her to join the steamer Siir/rite, and from the latter K"'nK 
 t'l till' SV.i /.'//(/, in the San l)iej;o line. .After a year as chief on this vessel he joined the iiolitjh as first assistant with .Martin Hnljier, 
 rmiiiitiK on the lliimhiililt route for six months and then went to the tny Mailin H'hil, . .\fler this he was chief engine r on the 
 sU iiiisliip /!;,(/(, until the Wrights sold out to the California Steam Navii-alion Company. He continued ■villi the /';, in, as first 
 .issisi:int niiiler Klijah Mott. and was also on the /hothit Jiitiiitlutti \\\ the same position, Iicin^' lransfe»'red siihsenneiitlv to the 
 sti liners l'hiy,i'fi,ili\ and Siiuiloi. In 18(15 'le was aj-aiii chief on the I'lUitii, ruiiiiiii)^ to S.iii l)ie^;o, hm soon retiirneil to the 
 ' ';/ 1 ,,*/),'//,. where he remained for seven years, except at intervals while he was on the .\, .'. U','tl<f and )'o^ttiiitt for the same 
 c'Hiipan\ . He served afterward on the steamer Siiltiiin for two \ears, and then left the water to accept a position as assistant 
 engineer at llie I'nited States Mint, where he wurked for three years, and linally ran for two years as chief on the narrow-Halite 
 ten . boats reliriny after forty years' service iinmarkeil liy an accident of a serious nature. 
 
 ".\luii/i Cox was horn in .Salem, Mass., in i^w. and served his aiipreuticesnip in the shops at Portland, Me. coniin>; 
 I'i'lic Pacific Coast in 1S57 on the steamship .S'ii«/ii (';«c. and conlinuiii){ with her as secoinl engineer for einhlecn months after 
 lit I iirriv.il. He then went to China as assistant en>»iueer with his lirother Ivlwin Cox on ine Siit/niw and remained twelve 
 111.. mils. On rcliirniiiH from the 1 Irient he joined the steamer I'lniiilhj of the Stockton line. ser\iny as first assistant for .ilioiit a 
 V' 1: iiid then followed his calling on the .steamers III, 'III, 1 Joiial/hiii, I'l, ilir and Siinilm for two years, snliseiiueiitly Koiut; as 
 i' : on ihc thiziihii, A'ti/''itiin,i and i'tiihz. He then entered the service of the .\laska Commercial Coiiipam, remaining with 
 t!i 11 for 1 went V two years, ten of which were spent as chief of the stcanishiji .S7. /!»«/ ami the rest of the lime on the . II, \iiii,l< 1 \ 
 I niiliii,. /y./i/d/c; and others. .\t ]ireseiit he is chief on the steamer A n^/V . 
 
 *''riii'sieauier l\',-\ifliilt' was hnilt in PliiladelphiH in 1S50 and came round the Horn in 1S5.J. Her leii|.rth was ei^litN -nine feel, 
 I'l • .1 sevenleeii feet six inches, depth nine feet four inches. She was towing and joliliiii),' at San Francisco for a year or two after her 
 iM lit, and at the time Mei>;i;s hoU|;ht hei for the Sound husiness was rniinin^ as a water hoal from Sausalito to San I'Vaiicisco, 
 »■ lonallv tiiwinjj ships. .SJie was hrouKlit from San I'ranciseo liy Captain Pray, who operaleil her for a short time after her 
 H il. I le was siicceeiled hy Captain < iiilndon. The A'ltolii/e ^ave (jood service iu her line for tell years, hut was totally ilestroyed 
 I' > loiler explosiiMi August 21, i.Sbd. 
 
 11 
 
 m 
 
 ir 
 
 i- ?j 
 
r 
 
 7* 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific /Northwest 
 
 master. It was a difficult matter to retain crews on any vessel while the mining excitement lasied, and many 
 which came returned with a goodly portion of tlieir men missing. The revenue cutter /fj/ Ihtvis, which w ,is 
 stationed on the Sound, made a trip to Whatcom in July, an<l every man on board except the captain de.sertid 
 and went to the mines. 
 
 Steam navigation on the Fraser River commenced early in 1858, the pioneer steamers lx;ing the Suifirhi.' 
 \ goo»l-sized sidewheeler, which arrived in command of Capt. Thoniaii Huntington, .ind the Sru /iirJ, Captain 
 Conner. The former was intended to run through from Victoria to Hope, but was of too deep draft and unwieldy Un 
 the river trade. She arrived in June, and, as she was the first steamer that afforded the gold-seekers an opportuiiiiy 
 to get up the river, she carried ininien.se crowds. On the initial trip the pas.sengers were obliged to cut wood lor 
 fuel along the river bank. The current was very swift above Langley, and progress was necessarily slow, hiii 
 with a good deal of straining and puffing the Sw'^mr managed to reach Fort Hope. She made nearly thirty 
 trips lietween \'ictoria and the Fraser, carrying from 500 to 6110 passengers each time, and earned a good-siztd 
 fortune for her owners before opposition could reach the scene. The Sia liird, a sister ship, was on the sanit 
 route, but having less powerful machinery found great difficulty in getting to Hope. By a mere chance slie 
 arrived at that point in June, and started down the river, grounding a few miles below Hope on what is now- 
 known as Sea Bird Bar, on which she remained from June 24th until Septemlier 2d, losing the l)cst part of tlic 
 
 travel to tlie mines. After the 
 water went down she w.is 
 raised, ways were built umUr 
 her, and by sliding the steadi- 
 er across the bar, nearly two 
 hundred feet, deep water was 
 reached. Bad luck still jnir- 
 suing the .S><( liird.'' fne days 
 later, while <■« nmlc to tlii' 
 Fraser from Victoria, the ves- 
 sel burned to the water's edj;c. 
 River steamers better adapted 
 to the trade having made their 
 a]>pearance, the Si<>f>iisc was 
 .sent to .San Francisco, arrivinj; 
 August 25tl'. The A/la of tlic 
 26th contained the followin); 
 very appropriate notice of lier 
 ex])loits ; 
 
 "Tile Siii/'Hii H.is tile pi.. 
 iieer lioal on the l"niser River, tin 
 Hudson's Hay Company's stejiTiicr 
 ()//rr never li.'iviuf; aseemled altnve 
 I-un^ley. She first woke tlieeelicK- 
 of tile ^raiid nioiintain ^^ctrj^es in 
 tlie wild retjion of I'ort Mope with 
 the shrill sereani of the steam 
 whistle, and astonished the nativrs 
 with her wondrons powers in 
 hreaslinji suecessfnlly the fieree enrrent of the now world-renowned Fraser. That wild ami niiearthly yell of the iniprisoiie-1 
 steam eseapin^ into the free air of heaven, and speakinK through the hra/en-throtlled whistle, innst have astonished the deni/eii- 
 of those mountain fastnesses, and startled the hravest man or liea.st that inhaliiteil that lueality into the helief that some visitor 
 not of earth had dropped in npon their solitude. .Sounds spread alon^ the nioiintain ^or^es and were echoed fnnn hilltop In 
 hilltop, such as never before had lieen heard sinre ereation's dawn. What wondrous thouf-hts these sounds must have iiispin I 
 in the minds of the natives, as the pioneer 'smoke boat' swept up tile l€»"ely stream and ])iislied aside the mountain torrent 
 from her sharp bows, lenderin;? it for the first time powerless against the handicrnft of iiiaii, in the many lon^; a^;es that it 1m- 
 rolled on, undisturbed, from lis monntain birthplace (hiwn to the deep blue sea. Ohl Simon I'raser, when he Moated down ll» 
 stream more than forty long years a^o in his Indian dugout, probably never entertaineil the thought that he wnuM live i- 
 see the day w-lien it would be iiavigateil by steam vessels." 
 
 Following the Sioprisr and .SV<( /linl in rapid succession came the sternwlieelers I iiuilil/a,'' Captain 
 .-Vinsworth, Afariti." Captain Lubbock."' and the l-.nUrp)iu\ Capt. Tom Wright, the latter having been sent then 
 
 "The .S'«;/>/i.V(- was about the same iliineiisioiis as the Snt lliid and was brought fiiuii New York in 1S52 bv Capt. VAy,,u 
 Wakeman, who solemnly averreil that «)ii the vova^je out he sal for two weeks on lop of the siiuikestaek wilh his feet in the watei 
 She was almnl four months making the trip ami ran for a few years on the southern routes alter arriving on the Coast. She ran 1 
 short time out of ,San I'raiuiseo after returniiig from the Eraser, and was finally taken to China, where she ended her ilays. 
 
 "The steamer .S'cij llixl, iii riiii/r from Victoria for I,angley. .s^eptember 711-., in comniand of Captain Conner, was alioi ' 
 eighteen miles out from Victoria when a fire broke out ill the forehold iie-ar the forward end of the boiler and gained such lieaih\ 1 
 that it was iiii|K>ssible to control it. She was headed for shore and struck on the rocks. Mr. I'rick, mie of the forty passeiigc: 
 aboard, fell and was severely injured in lainliiig. The rest e.seapeil unhurt with the loss of their baggage, which, owing to the rii| : ! 
 progress of the fire, it was impossible to save. The vessel came in un<ler a full head rif steam, anil, as the eiigiiu-er had been ^U\\^ 
 from his post before sli* struck, the wheels contimied to revolve for half all hour afterward. The steamer biirneil to the watei 
 edge. The wreck was sold for f 1,400, and the engines were recovered. 
 
 "The steamer I'liiliiie. the first sternwheeler built on the miildle river, was constructed by Thompsini S: Coe, for the up|'i ■ 
 Columbia, at I'ive Mile Creek near the Cascades. She was one hundred and ten feel long, twenty-two feet beam, ami lour !( . 
 
 Sit.AMKK ' W 1I.SUS I.. Hi SI" 
 
Puget Sound Steamboats, Golden Days uf Fraser Rivi-r Naviyation 
 
 73 
 
 li\ ihe Wrights, who owned the Surprise and Sea liird. The Wilson G. Ifunl '' also came up from San Francisco 
 ill Ati^iist and ran between N'ictoria and yneensboro, as New Westminster was then called, connecting with the 
 ?.li.iim.T l-.nlirprise. Travel decreased so rapidly that the Hunt was withdrawn in October and returned to San 
 I'liiiiMsco. The I'miililla, which was the first boat to reach Yale, made her initial trip to that point July 21st, in 
 fniiiniand of Captain Ainsworth, with Thomas Gladwell. pilot. When the news of thf need of lietter steamboat 
 fai ilities on the Fraser River reached San Francisco, half a dozen little steamers were fitted up to go North. The 
 
 lh..l,..ti . ll..y i.<.tii|>..i>v-. I .11 
 ViCTUktA, B.C.. AT TlMK OF FM.ASKK KlVKK KxCITKMKNT 
 
 siiiallcst to make the trip was the Kaiit;ir, a steam launch about forty feet long. .She was taken up by Captain 
 Alliiii and in September was operated between Victoria and tlie Fraser Kiver. The California Steam Navigation 
 Ciimiiaiiy started the steamer /,(//<'/;/ii from ,San Franci.sco in tow of the steamship Simla Cru~. but she was so 
 
 ^iv jiiilics Imlil, Willi 14 X 4S (.'ii^iiica. On the ilay of litr trial trip, with nlioiit forty passeiiKera on hoaril, she starttd frmn llif upper 
 Casiailes with a very low pressure of steam anil could not nuike heailway. Kvet effort was made to reach the hank anain, hut liifore 
 llif linis I'ouM lie made fiLst the lioominK current chukIU the vessel ami swept her over the rapids. She weiil down stern lirst and 
 iiiailf the jiassatje hcautifuUy until she reachcil the foot of the Cascades. Here she poiseil on a rock in the iniilille of the river, in 
 railier a dangerous position. Capt. \\. W. Itaii^linian, who was running a small schooner helow the Casca<les, sailed up and rescuctl 
 Mil- iiassciiKcrs. Only one life was lost, that of an excited man whojuinpeil overlioard, while the lioat svas niakiuK the perilous run, 
 .iii'l disaiijieareil in the swirling waters. As the ri\'er was rising the steamer soon floated olTainl was pickeil up at the lower 
 C.iscades, where she was hoti^ht hy Ainsworth, Leonard iV Crecii, who rejiaired the hull, named her the Uniitilla and scut her to 
 \ iilnria in ton of the steamship lolnmhia. Ainsworth went over and hej;au ruuniiiK the steamer on the Fraser, hut liad only made 
 uiu' trip when she wastradeil for the steamer Miiiij, which Capt. William I.uhliock had hrou^ht up from .San rrauciscoon a har^e, on 
 which the t 'ittiitilla was then loaded and towed to San h'raucisco. She has the distinction of liavin^ hcen the first steruwheel steamer 
 cm Uic middle Columhia, the tirst steamer to ^o over the Cascailes, the lirst to the Sound from the Columhia, and the lir-t 
 -lirnwiiecler from the Sound to .Sail Francisco. 
 
 "The Miiiiit, which was traded to .Musworth, Leonard iV C.rccn for the I'malitla, w.as solil liy the rortland men to a llritish 
 
 pally, who ill turn exchanned the steamer for an interest in the AV/rn .liiilinoii. She ran for aliont four years on the I'raser. 
 
 under Capt. Thohias Cladwell, who afterward lost his life on the Xoiihtiiii), and then John T. Wright sent her to the Columhia in 
 ivi.(, in command of Ca|)t. Rohert Haley, iutciiiliuK to put her on the Cascade route with the Spray and />•!//, t on the miildlc 
 rut-r, •i|>eiiiii}; an iuilepeudetU line to the Oalles, where the Oregon Steam Navigation Company was enjoying a iiKinopolv. 
 >liiirtly afterward she was sei/eil for an allej^ed violation of the law, and on the claim that she hail entered at .\stiiria on the 
 nrlilicate xiven at .San Francisco when she sailed for the Sound, Jud^e I )eady declared her forfeited. While she was in the hands of 
 llic marshal she sank at the wharf in I'orlland, and in that coiulition was sold to Captain Turnhnll for fs,.'!"' He dismantled 
 ilii steamer, and, after rcmoviuj; the nnichiiiery, sold the hull to James Clinton for fiso. 
 
 "Capt. Henry S. Lulihock was horn in Charleston, S. C, learned the trade of eUKineer and machinist at the Mort;aii lion 
 Works ill New Vork, and went to California in 1.S51 to construct a steamer for the Sacramento River. This \-essel was sent out 
 ill ■.c'tioiis and I.ulihock put her together and ran on her as eiiniiieer for two years, then relumed I^ast to hriuH out ,iiiotlier steamer, 
 uliich started ntider sail hut put into Rio de Janeiro ilisahhsl and was sold there. Captain I.nhhock went 011 to California ami 
 iM^a^el as enj^ineer for a short lime on the steamer Siifihi,\ at'terward taking command and hamlliii^ her for two or three \ears. 
 Alur he returned from his Fraser River venture he went to Nevaila as snperiiilendent of a water company at I'ioche, and also 
 citi;.i^eil in mining for a few vears, K^iing from there Ivist, where he resided until 1S6S, when he ajiain visited ,Sau F'rancisio and was 
 ■il'piiiiitcd, hy the Harhor Commissioners, Su|ierinteMdenl of Kepaiis on the water fnml, holding that position until I,SN7, when 
 ti»- la'came Ius|>ector of Steam Vessels. 
 
 ' The steamer H'ihoH <i. Hunt was huill in New York in 1.S49 for the excursion trade to Conex* Island, hut sliorlh- after her 
 iMiiiplelion was sent rounil the Horn to San Francisco, arrivinn there early in 1S5C1. She was immediately placed in the Sacra- 
 iiuiilo Kiver Irade, and proceeded to make a fortune for her owners, clearing; in a siuf»le year over /i,oo<i.ooo. After running there 
 .1 imiiiher of years she went Ic \'ictoria in AuKust, iSsS, and ran for a short lime on tlu- New WesUninster route. In Oclolier she 
 w 1- uillidrawn ami the followiiiK year plied cm I'ugel .Sound, replacing the sleainer Consliliilioii. luirly in the sixties .ihe was 
 'i"UKht hy the Oregon .Steam Navigation Compaiiv anil taken to tiie Columhia, and operated on the Cascaile route in command of 
 ' i|il. John Wolf. She continued running on the Columhia until i.S6y, and during thai lime enjoyed a nourishing liiisiness, repeatediv 
 t.i'iyiii^ from J.so to .^iki passengers, io<> head of stock and plenty of freight on a single trip. .\s her career extended nearly all 
 Ihioiigh tlic jialmiest days of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company it'xinit', the rales ohtained were sufiiciently high to make her 
 a iry prolitalile hoat iu spile of the heavy expenses of operation. In 1S69 the Oregon Steam Navigation Company concluded to 
 
 I '{»' 
 
 :i4v 
 
74 
 
 Lewis <J Dryden's Murine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 hadly racked that she was unable to proceed farther north than the Columbia River. The Maria, which reachtd 
 the Fraser in l)etter conditioii than any of the other river steamers, was brought up from .San Francisco by the 
 I.ubbiKk brothers. The scheme of sending so frail a steamer on so long an ocean voyage originated with Ca])!. 
 William M. I.ubbock, and to carry out his plans he chartcre<l the barge Sairameiilo, which he loaded to five feet 
 draft with brick and coal. He then hauled the barge into position in the dock, sunk it and floated the Mann 
 aboard, afterward lightening the barge and securing the tug llinulcs to pump it out. Two masts were then 
 stepped through the l)ottoni of the steamer to the keelson of the 
 barge, and the combination craft was schooner- rigged as a .safeguard 
 against accident to the tug which was to accompany her. The start 
 from the Hay City was made in tow of the Sacramento Transporta- 
 tion Company's tug Martin W'liilf, and in due .sea.son they reached 
 lvs(|nimalt, the only delay having been a week's lay-over at Port 
 Orford during a spell of bad weather. On arrival at Ivsiiuimalt the 
 masts were removed, the boat jacked up and repaired, and when all 
 was in readiness the barge was sunk and the steamer floated. 
 
 ()u I'uget Sound there was considerable activity in marine 
 circles aside from the business produced by the mines. The steamer 
 Julia:'' at that time the largest sternwlieeler in the Northwest, was 
 built at Port Hlakeley by D. F. Hradford, George R. Barclay, Abner 
 Harker, and T. W. Lyle. She did but little work on the Sound after 
 her completion, and in October was sent to the Columbia to run on 
 the Cascade route. The steamer Rangir No. 2'' reached Seattle in 
 .Septemlier, forty days from >San Francisco, and was the first steamer 
 in the jobbing trade on the Sound. She came up in command cf 
 Capt. John Hill, and upon her arrival dropped the " No. 2" from 
 her name. In August the steamship Panama brought a diminutive 
 propeller to Steilacoom, which in after years furnished the marine 
 reporters of Victoria, Seattle, Astoria and Portland with more items 
 than anv craft that ever turned a wheel in the Northwest. Her 
 
 , Cai'T. a. M. SLMI'SUN 
 
 name, Leviathan, was a nusnomer. 
 
 A little sidewheeler called the Neiv Caledonia appeared at Victoria in the fall, but was too small and too 
 slow to amount to much, her only claim to distinction being that .she was afterward the victim of two lioiler 
 
 extenil llieir steHiiiboatiiiK ventures to tile .Sound. The olil steamer was sent arounil tu run in opposition to Kincli ami tlie \Vri>;lits. 
 She arrived in 1S69 in command of Capt. \V. I. Waitt, with Josiah Myricic, purser; I-'rank Dod^e. IreiKht clerk ; Thomas Smith, chief 
 enxineer ; James ( lallej^her, assistant ; J. .Smith, mate ; and J. J. Holland, carpenter. The Hunt had heen rebuilt in I'ortlai; \ >n 1S65. 
 and was in goorl condition, Imt the company could not do mi" h with her, and to save themselves from further loss sold her t... I). I!. 
 Finch ill October. 1S69. Kinch and the \Vri>;lils had, in the ineantime, built the fine steamer Olymfiia, afterwaril called the I'riiiKS' 
 /.ifiiist', and when the coiiipetilion eiidetl the Ilitttl was sent to San Francisco on a len-year furloii}{li. In 1.S77 Capt. John Irving 
 bouKlil her at a sacrifice, and in February of the following year she was bronxht up by Captain Stoddard and placed on the Ne« 
 Westminster route in April, in opposition to the Hudson's IJay Company's steamer /\>iti>/>rise. She was extensively repaired in 
 iSyy, and in iSHi was sold to J. Spratt. Her captains during the rate w.ir on the Fraser were Irvinj^, Insley and Ktidlin. Captain 
 Sprait put her on the east coast route in pl.aee of the steamer Mauili- .After running here a short time she a^aiii passed into the 
 hanils of IrviiiK. who had now consoliilated his with other interests, under the name, Canadian Pacific Navi){atiou Cimipaiiy. Hv 
 this time her days were numbere<l, ami in 1S90 she was broken up and sold for olil iron to Colin S: Co. of ,San F'ranci.sco. Tlie hull 
 was burned so(M1 after, and this ended the career of one of the most iiotetl vessels which ever turned a wheel in Northwestern water- . 
 ■She was about 450 tons burden and had an old style ".steeple engine" thirty-six by one hundred and eiKht inches. Her dimension- 
 were : length, one hundred and eighty-five feet six inches ; beam, twenty-live feet tell inches ; hold, six feet nine inches. 
 
 '-The steamer/H//i/ llairliiy was designeil for the Fraser River trade at Teekalet and was a fine, fast boat, one hundred and 
 forty-five feet lon^, twenty-five feet beam, five feet seven inches hold, en^'ines 16 x 72. iMiiler thirty three feel limg. wheel tweiit\ 
 feet di.imeter. Of liei owners I.ylle. Barclay and Marker were Californiaiis. and Bradford was a well known Ore>;oii steamlKiat man. 
 She was the first steamer built on the Sound, and there was a great celel)r.ition at her launching, soon after which she dropped the 
 latter part of her name. She never reached the nmte for which she was intended, however, but instead was towed round to I'.i 
 Columbia by the tug Minlin While, arriving at Portland, October ,Sth, and going on the C.iscaile run at once in opposition to tli. 
 Mountain /link She was soon bought off, and the following spring was taken back to the Souinl by Cflpt. Tom Mountain and 
 operated 011 the Victoria route liv Capt. .Scranlon. She ran there a few months, when she was again brought to the Columbia, tin- 
 lime becoming the proix-rty of the ( Megoii Steam Navigation Company, who ran her to the Cascailes in commanil of Capt John 
 Wolf. She enjoyed an immense Irallic during ihe Salmon Kiver mining excitement ill 1S62, but after that subsided was placcil f"i 
 a while on the lower river, coining back on the Cascade route again in |S6( in charge of Capt. James .Strang, who operateil her in 
 opposition to the /Rescue. In 1S65 l\\e /ii/in diil an extensive business, in July making thirteen round trips to the Cascades in tW" 
 weeks, carrying yio head of horses, 25,1 cattle, 1,6011 sheep aud kk' hogs. In |S65 Capt. William Smith, who had been mate undci 
 Captain Wolf, was made master, and she then ran regularly as a stock boat, finer steamers having taken her place ill the passenger 
 trade. She continued jobbing round until the early seventies. H. .A. Snow and John Babbidge were her last cajitains. In December 
 |S;2. her engines were removed, and the following spring an item ajipeareil in llie Seattle papers saying that the Jiiliii, at one tinn 
 the crack steamer of the Sound and the Columbia, was in use as a pigsty in the Ixmeyard at Portlanil. 
 
 "The steamer Kaiigei Xo. j was a small sidewheeler, which had been running on the Sacramento River fiir many year- 
 She was built in .San l'"raiicisco in iSs,^ and was owned by a man iiained Jose .\rtega. She was seventy seven feet long, twelve fee' 
 three inches beam, with a shallow hold. Captain Hill ha<l a rough time getting her to the Sound, but once there she proved a verv 
 handy little craft. Hill left the steamer soon after bringing her up and was succeeded by Captains I'orbes, Jackson ami others. In 
 I.Sbi she passed into the hamls of Miles Oalliher of Steilacoom. ami after lying on the beach at that point for a long time was sol'! 
 to a logger named John .Swan, who placed the machinery in a new hull. 
 
 ''The sleHiner I.eviiillion, which the ofVicial records state was constructed at Calcutta, Beiiicia and Port Townseiid, wa- 
 origiiially built in China as a sloop for the opium trade. She was brought to San I'rancisco on the deck of a steamer and at Benici ■ 
 was remodeled ami filled with a propeller. She reached Victoria on the deck of the steamship Panama in July, lSs8, but failed ti' 
 
Paget Sound Steamboats, Golden Dap of Fraaer River Navigation 
 
 75 
 
 c xplosioiis. The mining boom produced a great demand for fuel, and all of the San Francisco stenuiers coaled at 
 N.mninio or Bellingham Hay for the round trip. Ten dollars and twelve dollars per ton were not considered 
 (. xDrbitant at that time, probably from the fact that most of the steamships were obliged tt> turn away passengers 
 III San Francisco, with fares at 550 and $25 each. The conditions were .somewhat changed in the fall, but the 
 crowds bound South were nearly as great as tho.se which had come North during the spring and summer, and the 
 liitfs remained the same. 
 
 The first bar tug in Oregon arrived this year in the service of .\. M. Simpson. She was called the Ft-nr/iss, 
 and was built in Calcutta, coming to San Francisco as a full-rigged brig. Simpson bought the ve.ssel, and after 
 rtfitting sent her to Coos Bay in command of Captain Ironsides. John J. Jackson, who, with Joseph Hnrgess, had 
 l)eeii piloting on the bar, joined the tug as pilot, and the casualties which had Iteen of frequent occurrence in the 
 past were much reduced in number. The Fcarlrss was about 80 feet long, 24 feet beam, and ij feet hold, was 
 l)iiilt of teak, and would probably have lasted many years had she not been wrecked. 
 
 Business on the Columbia and Willamette continued to increase, and .several new steamers were completed. 
 Ill ()clot)er the Colonel Wright was launched at the mouth of the Des Chutes Kiver and the following year made 
 her mark in history as the first steamer which ever turned a wheel on the upper river. Another famous 
 stiTiiwheeler, the Carrie l.add. 
 was built at Oregon City, but 
 (lid not commence running 
 until the following spring. 
 The Cowlitz route had sud- 
 denly come into prominence 
 owing to the heavy travel to 
 the Sound, and the steamer 
 (■(1,(7/7.-, " which Capt. George 
 I'casc and S. Smith constructed 
 on the Tualitin in 1857, was 
 sold on completion to Hunt- 
 ington and Holman, who at 
 once put her in the Cowlitz 
 trade. The Express, which 
 Irving was running to Oregon 
 City, also went to Monticello 
 every Thursday, and the 
 liiiiependeiiee," a small steam ferry, was making three trips per week between Portland and Monticello. The Helle 
 also went there occasionally. In Augu.st. Cassidy & Co. put the new steamer KelieJ,'' a well built steriiwheeler, luj 
 feet long by 24 feet beam, on the Oregon City route, in opposition to X\\eje>iiiie Clark: The steamer iinlerprise, which 
 
 t 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 T\ ^> t, |j^,UJUJb •-■-'V' I 
 
 •V '»■■ 
 
 - 
 
 mmn^msa^mmM 
 
 ^=iiirf^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 ffl^^-#W ^^^^Iglliliiilll^igilggl^igMgyjUjlgl^^ 
 
 Stbamkk ''Cahkii-: Lapi>" 
 Keystone of the Oregon Steam NHvigation Conipiitty. 
 
 «iii fiiiiu- ill llrUish Coliiiiibia until :i lalt-r iliitf. In llii- spring of 1S59 site was sold to Irving Stevens anil .Sam Sweeny of .Astoria 
 anil tal<i'n to the Coliiuihla, arriving at .Astoria, April 2^, 1S59. Sweeny ran her abont the hay at Astoria for a while anil in the fall 
 iiptraled her on the Portland route, niakiiix the first trip in fourteen hours' hard running. She was not successful and was purchased 
 liv Capt. Richard Hoyt, who fixed her up ibr towitlK and ill I.S62 chartered her to Mossnian S; Co., to carry express matter to the 
 C.iscades to connect with Van Ilerfjen's steamer for The Dalles. Hoyt finally disposed of the steamer, and in due course of lime she 
 anaiii reached Victoria, where she fell into the hands of the t'lOvernnient am! was used as a yacht by tile Koveruor. With a chan);c 
 of "Ificials the vessel was ordereil sold, and the Colonist, in comnientiu>; on the craft, said : " She is a useless and expensive relic of 
 all I'lTete and luxurious administration. It has cost more, dollar for dollar, to run the animal than to capture a school of leviathans. " 
 Sill' was sold at auction November iS, i86g, to Kd^ar iMarvin for |l,,^20, and in 1.S71 wa.'< put on the route between San Juan and 
 \ icloria, tnakiiiK two trips a week. .She continued jobbing around for a long time afterward and finally wore herself out at X'ictoria. 
 
 "The Cou'lil:, a very small steamer, seventy-six feet long, seventeen feel beam and three feel six inches hold, ran on the 
 Cowlitz, route from the lime she w.is built until IH6(), when she was in the Lewis River trade a while and afterward on the Oregon 
 City line. Charles Holman, her owner, was succeeded in command b)' OlilT Olsen and he in turn by Thayer and Kern. Jn i.S().| 
 ^lic was chartered for a short lime by the .Monticello and Cowlitz Steamboat Coinpauy to lake the place of the A'twii/r, then running 
 '.o llie Cascades. In 186S she was fitted up with the olil Vancouver's machinery, but never ilid much business ijlcr that dale. 
 
 •The fiKle/ie'iilence was built for a terry-boat, but the opnortnnities for any craft which could turn a wheel were mi nmxl at 
 iliis period, that she was placed on the Cowlitz nnite. In iS6ij she was run by Captain Ankeiiy to llie Cascades as an opposiiion 
 t'Cit, and the following year proved very profitable carrying stock and other freight fiir the Salmon River niiiies, ccuiiiectiiig with 
 lln- •-leainer IViisro. Having been built in a cheap manner .she was short-lived, and early in |S6| the machinery was removed, ami 
 till riillowing year the hull was burned for old iron. 
 
 ■''The A'('/;<7 was built at Oregon City by a company at the head of which were Captain Cassidy and a ferrvman named 
 ' • l.'iiigliUu. The various parttiers in the steamer could not agree as to the best manner of operating her. O'l.oughlin especially 
 III uig suspicious of his partners, ami keeping a close watch on Purser Sturdevant, who was also a stockholder. Captain Cassidy 
 1 in llie steamer in opposition to the /('/m/V ( lurk, operated by Captain Ainsworth, and the fight grew so warm that the latter i|iiietlv 
 imrciiased the slock held by O'l,oughlin and a man nanieil Alhey and also the few shares held by the purser, efl'ectiiig all Ihe 
 1 1. iiisfers without the knowledge of the captain. When everything had been arranged, Ainsworth walked over to the A'c//c/ and 
 tild Cassidy that in the future he could run the A'c//</' alternate weeks with the Jennie Cliirk. Cassidy, in profound ignorance of 
 ilii- situation, informed the future steamboat king that he would run the A'elie/iw whatever manner best suited him, ami that he did 
 "lit iei|iiire pointers from an opposition company as to how he should manage his own boat. At this juncture .Xini-wortli explained 
 till' true slate of affairs, and an unconditional surrender followed. Ainsworth tied the boat up, and the following year she was sold 
 I'l Captain Cochrai.. who took her above the falls, where she remained the greater part of the time thereafter, ending her days in 
 lliv service of the People's Transportation Company. The A'riie/ was im feel long, 24 feet Iwam, ,? feel 6 inches hold, willi engines 
 1 • V 4S inches. 
 
w'1 r ' 
 
 
 7« 
 
 Lewis 4 Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 -a, 
 
 HTKAMKK " Kl.l/A ANIIhlimiN ' 
 
 Japiiesoii had sold to Tom Wright, was .succeeded by the Oiiwitrd,' which was built to lieat the now Si4ifin\f. 
 Jamieson kept her hut a short time, and the proprietors who succeeded him profited largely with her. Tlit 
 Columbia was visited by two of the lleet of small steamers racing northward to reap a harvest from the mining 
 boom on the Kraser. The first was the JiaHf>ir No. j. which had wrestled with bad weather ftii thirty-one davs 
 after leaving San Francisco. She secured supplies and again started northward, getting in nine days more l)ctwciii 
 .\storia and Victoria. The other visitor was the l.alonia, which, in tow of the steamship SanUt Cm:, was 1)ohiii1 
 
 for the Fraser. She was so badly racked 
 that she <lid not continue her jouriHy 
 and never accomplished anything <>ti 
 the Columbia, be'.ng used as a wharr 
 boat at the Ca.scades. finally ending lior 
 days as a stone barge in the hands of 
 Perry & Co. The advent of the fim- 
 new stean)cr Julia on the Cascade route 
 in the fall was the signal for a spiriti'd 
 rivalry, in which the Mountain liink. 
 Sfiiorila and Jli//f took an active part. 
 The keel of the /:ii:a .hiJeison 
 was laid at the foot of what is now 
 Couch Street in Portland in 1S57, Iml 
 it was about eighteen months later liefort 
 she was ready for service. .She was con- 
 structed by .SanuR'l Farnam for tin 
 Columbia River Steam Navigation Com 
 pany, the principal meml)ers of which 
 were Hoyt and Wells, the pioneer 
 steamboat men, although S. G. Reed, 
 Kenjamin Stark, Richard Williams and 
 J. C. (Iraham were also interested. Tins 
 vessel, which was the largest low-pressure boat in Oregon of home construction, was launched Novointx;r 27, 1S5.S, 
 and made a trial trip January 2, 1.S.S9. Soon after completion she was .sold to John T. Wright and Uradford Brothers 
 and taken to the ,Sound in command of Capt. J. G. Hustler. On her arrival 
 Captain Fleming took charge, and the steamer Iwgan a career of money- 
 making which has never been e(|Ualed by so slow a boat. She was the first 
 vessel inspected in the Victoria district after the appointment of an inspector, 
 and, with the exception of a few intervals while she was laid up for minor 
 repairs, ran contimiously fv)r ten years, enjoying a monopoly most of the 
 time. Fare from Olympia to Victoria was $20, and $15 from Seattle. Freight 
 on cattle was 5i5 per head, sheep $2.50 ; other freight, $,-, and $10 jier ton. 
 Al these rates, with brisk travel, the old steamer piled up for years a monthly 
 profit of many thousands of dollars. The first .serious opposition came from 
 the steamer /uilerprisi\ which was placed on the route to carry the mail 
 under the contract held by Parkin.son. The lintnpiise was commanded by 
 Captain Jones, and I). B. Finch was his purser. She made it interesting 
 for the .Im/erson for a short period, but only held out six months, and was 
 then sold to the Hud.son's Bay Company, who put her on the New West- 
 minster route. For three years the Anderson was undisturbed, and rates 
 were maintained with a vengeance. An attempt at opposition was made 
 by the new steamer . Uiwandria, but it amounted to nothing, aiul it was two 
 years before the . liid< /son again had company. The /osif A/rXfar. the 
 next victim, came from the Columbia in 1866, and was followed a year later 
 by the .\'c.-i' World and in i.S6y by the Wilson G. Hunt, all of which cut 
 rates and made a vigorous fight for business ; but they were not invulner- 
 able to the sinews of war with which the .hidcrson had supplied her owners 
 (luring the long period of monopoly which she had enjoyed, and were either bought off, sub.sidi/.ed, or taken in 
 In 1870 the Andenon was relieved by the new steamer Olympia, but continued running as a spare boat until 1S77 
 
 '■'The steamer ()«.-<ij;'i/ wa.s tile successor of tile Eiilii/>rist' ill the Jumiesoti Line. She was hiiilt at Caiieiiiah with Hi 
 proceeds from the sale of the linlei prise to Wri({ht, and was intended to surprise the Surprise, wliiili luiil preceded her a fe" 
 months. She was ijj feet lonK, 36 feet beam, and 4 feet liohl. Jamieson ran her until 1S60, when he solil her to Kanim, Myrick 
 SlraiiK, and Pease, nnd in clinr|;e of the latter she proved a money-maker from the start, payiiiK |m,<«io dividends the first yeai 
 I'ease ran her until about i>S63, when she went into the hands of the People's Transportation Company, and Capt. t'ieor){e Jeroiii 
 took command. She was a serviceable boat and hod very good pov cr, — 16 x 6u inch cylinders, with a new style locomotive Ixtilei 
 
 C.*rT. It. II. I-'i.Ncn 
 
Puget Sound Steamboats, Golden Days of Fraser River Navigation 
 
 77 
 
 IMiriiiK the Cassiar mining excitement she made several trips to the North in command of Capt. Dan Morrison. 
 I'roin 1H77 until 18H2 the steamer was laid up and almost forKotten, hut in May of the latter year she again 
 . I.iinicd public attention by sinking at the Seattle wharf. She wos raised, and in 1SH3, under the su|)ervision of 
 t. .ipt. Tom Wrisht. was thoroughly overhauled and placed on the New Wcstmiiisler run from Seattle, Wright, 
 iiMstt-r, H. \V. Holmes, mate, and O. (). Denny, engineer. She remained here a short time, and in .\pril, ixx.\. 
 was started on the Victoria route, precipitating a lively .steamboat war. The Oregon Railway iS: Navination 
 c'oiiipnny had by this time secured control of the bu.sine.ss on the Scmnd, and was running the fine new steamer 
 tilymf>in>i to Victoria. Wright put the fare down to 51, and the company started the Gcorf-c I-'.. S fun- adcr the 
 hi(/f>:um. Ccorge Rolieits, her nia.ster, having orders to follow her wherever and whenever she moved. In spite 
 iilthe force against him, Wright was .succes.Hful and made it decidedly warm for the big company until i.SSs, when 
 llii- steamer was seized by Collector Heecher of Port Town.send on a charge of carrying contraband Chinamen. 
 Capl. Tom Wright, as was afterwanl proved, was innocent, but the law's delay and the inevitable losses 
 . iccasioned by this unwarranted proceeding left the Oregon Railway it Navigation Company in full jwssession of 
 ilu' field. In iHXfy the steamer passed out of his hands, and Capt. J. W. Tarte then ran her a while to X'ictoria. 
 In ()clol)er she was bought by the Wa.shiugton Steamboat Company, who worked her for all she was worth 
 (hiring the next few years; and in i.S.S.S her passengers were treated to a genuine race between the venerable 
 packet and the still more venerable tug (io/in/i. When the Washington ,SteamlH)at Company .sold out to the 
 I'liKct Sound iS: Alaska Steamship Company, the Andcrsoii was sent up to the Snohomish River, where she is now 
 Iviiig and where she will probably end her days. During 
 her long career on the Sound .she has lieen commanded by 
 Ca|)lains l-'leniing, Thomas Wright, D. H. Finch, J. l-'inch. 
 Clancy, Mcintosh, Morrison, Tarte, Holmes, Waitt, Wal- 
 lace. Jackson, and a host of others. The .Indrrwn was a 
 sidewheeler, with a vertical-lieam engine, 2(1 x 72 inches. 
 She was 140 feet long, 24 feet (1 inches beam, 8 feet 10 
 inches hold, ^79 tons register. 
 
 The new Northwest had not yet reached a |M)iiit 
 where the advent of .steam affected the business of the 
 sailing vessels, and the latter increa.sed wonderfully all over 
 the coast. On I'uget Sound especially was this noticeable, 
 the lumber business assuming great proportions. During 
 the year there were loaded at Teekalet ( Port (lanible), for 
 laigland, the ships /ii's/,»iiaii. Captain liurnham, and the 
 W'litoiislii. Captain Henderson; for Melbourne, the k'il 
 (iirsoii. Captain Dillingham; for China, the bark Toiniil, 
 Captain (lOve ; for Sydney, the bark I'louiiiiii; /Icniilv, 
 .iinl the .ship (irori;c fiavirs, Captain Hatclielder. The latter 
 vessel took Soo.ckx) feet of lumber, the largest cargo yet 
 sliipiK'd from the Pacific Coast. The tleet engaged in this 
 tiade (luring the year comprised the barks Hivnlis and ll\iiik 
 at Seabeck. the Sloiiii llini at .Steilacoom, the Mtuioinut at 
 Port Madison, lilla Francis. J'liindshif), Goldliitiilit, /,n>i\ l\>r,t. /'ihinss A'oyn/, aii<l others. The Hudson's Hay 
 vessels that yearly arrived from London moved over to the Sound when their freight was discharged and filled up 
 with lumber, instead of returning as heretofore lightly la<len with furs and a few limbers. Halch iV Webber continued 
 tluirilispalch line of clipiwrs U-tween San Francisco and .Sound ports. Vessels sailing iii their service were the brigs 
 Cviiis. C\il«f>s. /('. /'. AV(V, and the bark 0>k. The schooner '/'outtiida. Captain Keller, ' was also in the coasting 
 trade between San Francisco and I'uget Sound. The capacity per day of the various mills furnishing business to 
 the lumber fleet on I'uget Sound in is^.S was as follows: .\datns, Ulinn iN: Co., Seabeck, 15,00.. feet; Adams, 
 lUinn iS: Co., .Seattle, lo.oix); Halch iS: Webber, Steilacoom, i.s.odo; Halch iS: Webber. ()lynii)ia, i.s.wm.; 
 
 ».A1-1 Al.lU Ml W Ki;M KH 
 
 "(."apl. .Mlirrl W, Kelli-r was liiirn in Rncklanil, Me., hi iS^4, and lonitnenieil liis ni irine lancr runnint; lo llu- West 
 lii'liis. III. arrived on lliu I'ac-ifu- Coast in 1S5;, as sailor on tlic sclionner /.. /'. /■\h/it. wliiili rearlieil I'orl ('.aiiii>le llial \ear. 
 t I'lni llic Sound In- wi-nl to San I'rancisi-o. ami worked on tlie I'anatn.i roiile as c|u;irtiTni:isltr on tlie /o/i)i I.. Slfrnn. lie left her 
 iliir uhikin;! a few trips and rctnrncd East, i-oniinK ont a^ain in iSs.S as master of tin- well known sdiooner 'f'urriuiilii. wliiili lie 
 Milid on the Coast fm two years. He ne.\t handled tile liarkentine 'r(i«(//V«/;Vi</ in tin- Sandwich Isl.ind trade for a vear, leaving 
 III r lo take charge of the l.riK Mariha U'iii//iiin-/<in. He next coniniainled the bark l'.ilm,ll,i and the v.iuTahle liark i:olJ lliiiit,i . 
 vvliuh is still allo,it in Australia after at least fifty ye.irs of nsefnlness. Later lie took the hark /»«/,■>. >// for a vear and the liark 
 \,nioii for two vears. He then took ciniimand of the ship l-.li-ahvlh Kimhall. snilinn her tin seven years, until she was 
 «,ilfrlci^;,'i.i| and lost on an island in the Sontli Pacitic, where Captain Keller, his wile who ,ici'otiipanied him, and ilieir conipanioiis 
 ni iMislorliiiie, lived for three months. Dnrin^ this time tliev Iniilt a ly ton schooner from the wreckaKe and liimlieron the Kimhall, 
 I'l'l ..ailed for Tahiti, where they sold the craft for jt(.si>. Captain and .Mrs. Keller ami six of the crew then took passage for San 
 tiaiidsco.thc Cajitaiii piloting the vessel into the harlMir, much lotlie surprise of his friends, «lio had supposed him dead. The ship 
 l< "ivill S/ii;mii,- was his next command, ami after aailinj; her two and a half vears he took the k'lm; I'hillif. lieiiiK in charge at 
 I 11 time she was lost near the Cliff House while outward hoiiinl from San l'"raiici'sco. Diirinn the next three vears he was captain of 
 llif harks /•),(«(>, /Ciiifnilil and . hkiriighl, and was then on the /i;»),v Clii-ih»i four vears, hark t'i<:,-/i/z two vears, ship /lniKtimi 
 tuci years, and the ship Ciioml.lrl. Decemher 1, 1S91, lie took the liark I'aliinni, of rtliich he is still master. ' 
 
 i?s; 
 
 :M' 
 
78 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Chaintxrrs' Mill, Slcilacoom, s.noo ; d. A. Meiggs, I'ort MadiHon, 15,000; North Bay Mill. ,s.ooo; I'n^ct Smiii.! 
 Mill Company, I'ort (faiiiMe, 4o,i>o<>; W. T. Saywiird, I'ort I.tullnw, i.s.ono; I'liyallup Mill, I'uyalliip Hay, .s.ihk,; 
 Kenton & Howard, I'ort Orchard, i<i,oim); Skcwkiiin Chuck Mill, ,s,<xx, ; South Bay Mill, 4,(kx) ; Tumwnttr 
 
 Mills, io,o<xi ; KhodeN & PcalKxIy, Whatcom, .5,oix), 
 *\^ Trading out of Victoria to the American side and along the const of the island 
 
 O was a regular swarm of small sailing craft, .\mong them were the following will 
 
 *••• Jl known schooners : the I'ruiikliii, Captain Smith ; Wild Pif;eon, Jones;'" .S/zwr, HaihiT; 
 
 ^ ^f Mary .\>iH, Tucker: liio, I.anghton : /Innirt, Coflin ; Monthig Sla>\ McKay; //. (", 
 
 ^^^^ /'<».(,''', t)tK"g ; Nanaimo I'lukrl,"' Walker. Shrrmaii .Smith; /ose/>liiiii\ Hewill ; 
 
 ^^^^P^^^^^ Caroline,' I.ampley & Jones; //<•/(•« AAir/d, Mclvwen ; /'//i,'""'. Hdgnr ; C. S. Kiiliier. 
 ^^^V->>j|^^^^^^ Rixlmry ; /('.(»>', Mathieson ; /sin mf {/turn, }ones; .liinlia, Thornton; /ulif>ii\ ll,tr- 
 j^^^^ J^^^^^Bf rington ; /■'aiiiitlrroy. Allen ; A. /'. J'osler, Moore ; Maty /'>uiiii, Stevens. .Several 
 ^^^^^^^HH^ of these vessels made occasional trips to San Francisco, and even to Honolulu, hitt 
 ^^1^^^^^^ most of thcnt were local traders. 
 
 c*iT. cii».i.K» H. J..NKI. ^ postal route was established on Shoalwater Hay in 185H, and Capt. James 
 
 H. Whitcomb"' carried the mail and passengers iK'tween Cystervillc and Willapa with a line of .sloops. 
 
 It is a noteworthy fact that in spite of the many thousands of ])eop1e carried on overcrowded steamers 
 and .sailing vessels in iH.sS, not a single life was lost except in an accident to a 
 cranky sailboat on the Friiser. The small plunger . tliatra:. in charge of Capt. 
 H. Taylor, started up that river June 21st with thirty-two passengers who li.id ju.st 
 arrived from San Francisco on the steamship Cortc-. One of the number lost a 
 rocker overboard and asked the captain to jibe and enable liim to recover it. The 
 captain started to comply with his request despite the reuion.strances of the others, 
 and in coming round the overloaded Ixiat was caught in a tide rip and capsized, 
 drowning James McCJuart. Messrs. Giron, Vachon, Ferre, Barrages, Fe.ssier, Galliard, 
 Moi.sean, wife and child, and two others. 
 
 The ship Lucas, which was among the sailing vessels in the passenger trade, 
 left Victoria, Octol)er 24th, with 175 disappointed gold-hunters .iboard, and when 
 off the Faralloncs. November intb, encountered heavy weather and was wrecked. 
 All hands were rescued by the United States .steamer Active, Captain Alden. and 
 were taken to San Francisco. The vessel and cargo were a total loss. The ship 
 /eiiohia." which had l)een sailing between Alaska and San Francisco in the service 
 of the Ru.ssian- American Ice Company for several years, was lost off Point Bonita 
 in April, while attempting to sail in without a pilot. She was in command of 
 Captain Tilden, was deeply loaded with ice and struck a rock with such force that she l>ecame a complete wreck. 
 
 CaI'I'AIN KlltliLK 
 Hnmrr Kivcr IMIol, iSV* 
 
 •"CKpl. '.'liarles II. Jones of tlit It'ilJ ligion is now livinK »* •'<"■' Townsi-nil. wliert lie is liarlxirinaster mi.l cliairniaii of Ww 
 I'ligel Sound I'oanl of I'ilot Commissioners. lie is a native of Maine, horn in Kastport in rS.VS, "'"l followed the sea for seviMl 
 years licfore KoiuK to I'n){et Sound on the revenue eullvrjcff />ii;is. .\fter leaving the eutter he spent several years oi«ratinn 
 iradini; vessels on the Sound, among the hest known of them beiiiK the sloop .)/,iiv lilliit. the selioouer Wild l'it;ium, and the sldop 
 Mitlnighl Cry. He also ran pilot for the I'acific Mail steamers for a slioil Inne. 
 
 "' The schooner Xtnttiiiiio l\ukef, which w:i3 sailing this )ear under the British Haji, Wits one of the pioneer .\tnericau vessels 
 <ni I'UHCt -Sonnil, haviuK been Imilt in 1S54 and nameil the /. /. S/cvcik. I'indiiiK trade more profitable across the line, she went 
 over and ran under her new name until 1871, when she was wrecked at Cypress Island. She was then pnrchaseil by Port Townseiul 
 parlies, repaireil ami a^aiii sailed with American colors, this lime as the Mellie Miirliii. During her career as a ilritish ves,sel she 
 spent many years trading alonjj the north coast and met with some very racy experiences. .She was conimandeil at various limes by 
 Allen, Cofliii, Walker, and others. 
 
 "The schooner Carolitic was one of the vessels with which the lutteil Jiiiimy Jones lie^aii his career. She was a remarkably 
 fast sailer, and in 1.SJ9 made a round trip, Victoria to Port Towiisend, Steilacooin, .\is<|nally an<l Olyinpia in less than four ilay- 
 Jones continued ruiiniiiK lier until he secnreil llie celebrated steamer /(•««i'y«/;c.«, when she was sold to a Victoria firm and contiiiiiiil 
 in the local traile. 
 
 "'Capl. James II. Whitcomb, the father of more steambiiatmen than any other mall in the Northwest, was born ill Vermoiil in 
 1S24. and crossed the plains in 1S47 in company willi his cousin, I,ot Whilcomb, wilh whom he worked at Milwaukie KettiuK oni 
 the liiniber for the pioneer steamer. Ilis first sleamhoatiiiK was on the /'iiihioH, where he ran as male with <'., plain Van llergen in 
 i.S,sb. In I\S7 he went to Shoalwater Hay, and the following year carried the mail from Willapa to *\.sierville in a small sloiip. 
 lie conlinued in this trade for Bboiil twelve years, transi>ortiiiK mail, passeuyers and frei^hl fp-.n all points on the bay with Uic 
 famous sloops ifincnn and I'd. On KO>"K l" Shoalwater Hay in 1857 he took up the first claim filed on in thai section. This 
 includeil the present townsile of Willa]m City. He occasionally retired from the water ami lived on his ranch, but with the advem 
 of the steamer .Soulli llcnJ on the bay he took comnian<l, rnnninK her for a year ami a half, afterward K"''"K '" ""' steamer 
 Mi'iitoMiio, which carrieil the mail from Willapa to Sealaml. lie snhseipieiitly ran the steamer Tom .Munis on the same route fm 
 two years, ami was on the steamer Chcfialis for a short time. From tliere he went to llray's Harbor, where he ran the steanur 
 (n'lvnior NchyII ill the postal .service lietween Montesauo and Peterson's Point. His last sleainbo.itinK was on the Moiinlain /liiii . 
 towiuK oil .Shoalwater Bay. After leavini; the .Mminlttiii Hiick he retired from the water, and is now living at the lnmie In 
 established nearly forty years ago at Willapa City. With his sous. Captains Wes, William, CeorKe, James and I'red (the latli ; 
 recently ileceasedl. Captain Whitcomb formed a family KfO'ip of sleaiiiboatmen not eipialeil in numlier or ability anywhere in tin 
 Northwest. 
 
 "Capt. II. n. I.ovejoy, mate of the /.eiioHii, was for many years a well known pilot cm Pu^et Sound. He was born ill Maim- 
 in l^ws, spent the early part of his life after leaviiiK home in the Navy, and came to the Pacific Coast in 1.S49. After a short stay ii' 
 the mines he began sailing out of Sau Francisco to southern polls. He was for several years master of the bark Chalcalofiy. ■ 
 famous northern trailer in her day, and in iSs.S was in the service of the Russian American Trading Cimipany, running lictwee;: 
 San Francisco ami Alaska on the ship Xennbia. He continued in this service until the vessel was wrecked near Sau F'raiicisco, wliei 
 he went lo I'liget Sound and coinmenced piloting and sleamboating. He dici) at Coupeville, July 6, I.S71. 
 
Pugvt Siwnd Sti'i^mboatu, Golilcn D.iya of Fimit RIvit NnvKjatinn 
 
 19 
 
 The pioneer .steaiiier TiawUr came to d Hiulden end in 185H, carry iiiK five |)cri<oiiH to n watery KCiivi'- SIk- 
 I 11 I'ort TowiiHend, Marcli vl 'or Port OaiiihU' in coninianil of Ciipt. Thomas Slater, with six while men and two 
 liiili.nis iiM board. The wind was Mowing hard from the sonth. and tlic steamer anchored ahont six hnndred y.inls 
 (ill I'linhvcather HUiff to await better weatliei. As tliere were no si^ns of the storm ahatitiK. every one tnnicd in 
 
 , I after <lark. Ahont ioiiki i-. m. the engineer was awakened hy a heavy roll of the vessel. He rnshed on deck, 
 
 liiril the |)nm|)s. and fonnd that she was making water very fast. All hands were called and Ijegan hailing for 
 lili lint she settled so rapidly that their efforts were nseless. The engineer, Mr. Warren, and the Indians, swam 
 iislmre, hut the tithers remaine<l with the steamer, which a few moments later sank with all on hoard. Those 
 IdMiiK their lives were : Thomas Slater, captain; Trnman II. Fuller, pnrser ; a deckhand and a fireman ; Mr. 
 Sliveiis. a passenger. .\n 
 ;illiinpt was made soon after- 
 w.ird In raise the wreck, hut 
 il luoke away and sank in 
 liiiper water. The body of 
 Slater was found on the bot- 
 imn near the vessel, which 
 at low tide was only partly 
 >nl)inergc(l. At the time of 
 the disaster the '/'luiiltr was 
 cairying the mail under 
 charier to the Ciovernment 
 h\ William N. Ilorton of 
 Olyinpia. She had been re- 
 cently overhauled and was 
 llKHiglil to be in good con- 
 (liliiin. Capl. Thomas Slater, 
 will) went down with the 
 steamer, was the first man 
 to establish regular column- 
 iiicalion on the Sound with 
 sailing vessels, and as far 
 hack IS 1S52 he was ruiiiiing 
 llie sloop .S'iMi/// Slonc on the 
 mail routes there. Truman 
 II. Fuller was the pioneer 
 piiiser of I'uget Sound, hav- 
 
 iuj; been engaged on the Mtijor loiiifthins when she was wrecked three years prior to the loss of the '/'ro:,/,). 
 He afterward held the same ])osilioii on the steamer Consliliilio)!. 
 
 ( )llier marine disasters in i.SsH. beside the wreck of the steamer Sea /linl. were the loss of the sclioiiiier 
 I'hiitiloiii, Captain Harris, off Point Ringold, March 12th, the schooner /c/;;/ Slnrtu, Captain Hamilton, which 
 sprung a leak in the straits and was run ashore at Dangeness. Decemlier 4th. to save the lives of those aboard, and 
 tile schooner . /. )'. '/'rii.U\ which was wrecked on Protection Island. N'o lives were sacrificed in the last-mentione'l 
 disasters. The schooner l-'.iiiilv /\iikiini."' from Shoalwater May. and the brig I'yni.^"' from Steilacooni. were also 
 lost during that year. 
 
 •,i.-i'-'~-W^ 
 
 vai.k, n. c. 
 
 The I-tfiHiT Uiver Mrtro|i»»UH <liiriiiK the boom of 1H5S 
 
 'The sdiooiier Kiiiilr I'aikitii/, leaving SlicialwattT Itay for Sail I'raiicisro with a <-arni) iil i.fiK) ha^kels of nyslers, was 
 IiIdwii ashore iliiriiig n su'lileii sloriii I'chriiary 21st, brcomiiiK a total loss. The irew were all savi-il 
 
 • ""The liriK ('i)-«v, Captain Mitiliell, saileil from Steilacooni, 1 tfieniliiT 1 itli, laileii willi Ininlicr for San I'raiu-isio She ),'ot 
 awit\ from Port Townsend on the fifteenth hut was six days heating out of the Sir,'iits, ami a*, soon as she hail ele,'ireii them r.iii iiiio a 
 luMvy >;ale wliich renilereil it necessary to heave to. .\ trcnieinlons sea was rnnniiiK. and the car^o sliified in the lioM and on deck. 
 1 au>iii(; her to leak so ludly that it was iiiipossihle to keep her free, so they ran for San Jnaii harlior. The next day lluy wen- 
 iiiiiilile lu ){et out, and on the twenty -third a siinall struck the vessel, ,ind, licr chain liarlinn, she drifted ashore at the liead of I'orl 
 .San juan and hecainc a total loss. 
 
 '•■ i! r'*t' 
 
mv I 
 
 I 
 
 CHAI'TMR V. 
 
 |S.S<), IWhi, iHdl. 
 
 FlKST SrKAMIloAT UN I'lM'KK Col.r.MlllA - STKAMKRS " GoVKKNok Doldl.AS " ASI) ' Cc il.KSKI. MiidhV ' 
 Hlll.T AT VlCTOKlA AkKIVAI. <»I STKASISHir ' LAIIDICIIKKI: " TlIK KiKST I.KillTllurSK Tl'NKKK 
 
 Stkamkr "Cakkik I.aiid" -Stkamsiiii' "John T. Whiciit" atn.T at I'okt I,i hi.ow Tiik: 
 
 I'NION TkANSPOKTATION CuMPANV— TiIK "UnTKKPKISK," Till- FlKST StMAMKK on Tin; ClIKllAI.IS 
 
 RivKR — San Ji'An Trouiilk— Pi'c.kt Soind Limhkk Fi.kkt — Hoii.kk Hxim.osion on Sthamhk 
 
 "CAI.HI'ONIA " — SCIIOONKHS " Hl.lK WiNd " AND " K1.I.KN MAKIK" DKSTROYKH MV THK iNlllANS 
 
 and Crkws Mtrdkrhii-Drkoon Stkam Navigation Comi'Any— A Cattmm-owkr IIoat on tmh 
 Wii.i.A.MKTTK— Stkamkr " Ihaho"— Victoria Stkamkrs " Hknriktta, " " Hopk," am> " Fi.yimi 
 DiTciiMAN " — I.oss oi' Stkamsiiip " Nortiikrnkr " — Wrkck ok thk "John Marsiiai.i." 
 "Consort," " Fi.okkncia," and " Nankttk " -Siokwhkki.hr " I'Intkrprisk " on tiik Soi'nd a^ 
 oi'posiTioN HoA ■.•—First 1'ropki.i.krs Urii.T in tiik Victoria District —Hon, kr Fxpi.osions "n 
 riiK •'Cariiioo" ani> "Fort Vai.k"— Stkamkrs "Tknino" ani> "Okanooan "—Captain T.wihk 
 llRiNi.s TMK "St. Ci.aik" Ovkr ()rk(.on Citv Fall.s - Loss ok Sciioonhr " Woompkckir " -Hkk; 
 
 "PKRSKVKRK ' FolNMKRS OKI' Fl,.\TTKRV- - lM)rRTKKN I.IVKS I.OST ON TIIK Fk.VSKK. 
 
 I if; M.\RI\f; business of 18.S9 was in a large incastire acoiitiiiiiation of llu- liooin nf is^s. 
 
 and, while the steamers on the ocean lilies did not keep up tlie record of tile previous 
 
 year, steam and sailing ve.ssels in all tlic inland waters of the Northwest enjoyed a 
 
 spleiulid season ; new steamers were built, combinations were formed, and the 
 
 foundation for more than one healthy fortune 
 
 was laid during this period, I^arly in the 
 
 year the Colonel Wright, the first steamer on 
 
 the upper Columbia, commenced to run, 
 
 ojjeiiing \\\i to settlement a va.st domain that 
 
 prior to this time was almost as inaccessible 
 
 as the wilds of .\frica. The Colonel H'riglil 
 
 was launched OctoWr J4, 1H5.S, at the mouth 
 of the Des Chutes River, and, like most of the pioneers on the steamlxiat 
 routes, made a fortune for her owners before others could interfere with 
 the trade. She was liuilt by R. R. Thoni]).soii and li. V. Coc, who have 
 been mentioned as having (loveriiment contracts on the middle and 
 upper river. They had been carrying freight for Fort Walla Walla from 
 Celilo in bateaux at a rate of <;iik5 per ton, and were induced by Colonel 
 Jordan, tlie chief (luartermaster, to construct the steamer. When she 
 was completed they reduced the rates to $80 and made three round 
 trips a week throughout the suiiiiuer, taking full loads both ways and 
 growing rich more rapidly than they could realize. The Colonel \Vri,i;lil 
 made her first trip in April, iSso. and. by connecting with the Oregon 
 Steam Navigation steamers on the middle and lower river, landed pas- 
 sengers in Portland thirty hours after leaving Walla Walla, a feat which 
 was considered remarkable at that time. In May, 1859, the steamer 
 made a recoiinoitering tour fifty miles up Snake River, and in 1.S61 
 .iscended the Clearwater to within two miles of the forks, accomplishing the down-.stream run of over th- 
 hundred miles in less than twenty-four hours. Thompson and Coe made .so much money with the )/ V/i,'/// tli 
 
 KiHIKKr k. 'I'lUIMI'h 
 
The Oreyon Steam Navigation Company, Growth of British Columbia Marine Muitriea 
 
 in the spring of iMfio they put the />«/«(» on the naine route, afterward pcMjIing l«>th stenmerx with the ()re|{on 
 
 Sti.iiii NnviKiition Company. The (olonrl Wrii-hl was firwt c<>mman<li-<l l>y Copt. Leonard White,' with Capt. 
 
 Iv W llaiiKhinan, pilot. Wliitc rci-civi-d a siila.'y of f,VK> I^'f 
 
 iiK.nlh ami rttaini-d llic position for wveral yearn. Aiiout 186.^, 
 
 ;iikr slie came under control of the Ori'Kon Stcuni N'aviKation 
 
 Cuinpany. Captain Ainsworth concluded tliat the reinuncration 
 
 \v;is uxicssivc for a Hteauilmat captain, and he wn.s succeeded 
 
 liv Capi. Thomas Stump, from the Sacramento River, at a 
 
 >,:il,iry of fvxi ptT month. Cm-, Feltoii, and J. II. I). Cray 
 
 also linil diar^e of the steamer at difTcreiit times Slie made 
 
 lilt last trip ill tlic spriiiK of 1,^65, in command of Capt. Thomas 
 
 Stiiinii, whi> attempted to take her aliove the Snake River 
 
 lapiils to l''arewell lleiid. She was ei^ht days in niakiii); a 
 
 ciisiaiic't ofalxnit one liundred miles, SI she was headed down 
 
 slrtiiiii and returned to I,ewiston in less than five hours, Cap- 
 tain Stump reporting liis explorations as haviuK lK;en of no 
 
 |)r.iiliral value ; l)Ut he had taken a steamer farther into the 
 
 Ikait of the regions lyiiiK to the east than any craft had ever 
 
 ^liiic licfdie. This com]>leted the achievements of the pioneer 
 
 III' sie.iin navigation on the up|)er CoIumMa, aiul in August, 
 
 isfi^, she was liroken up, lur engines afterward beiiij; placed 
 
 in one of Joseph Kelloj;(;'s ste.imers. 'V\\k I'oloiifl 1 1 'rii;/i/ was 
 
 nil lict louK, 2\ feet beim, and 5 feet hold. 
 
 In British >'i : .1 .bia the first steamer l)uilt in the 
 
 province for inland navigation commenced regular trips 
 
 litlwceii . : toria and Fra.ser River points. This ves.sel, the 
 
 (ii'ii-iiior /)om'/iis, was launched the previous year, but did not make her trial trip until January, 1.H59. She 
 
 was folliiwetl in May by the steamer ('(>/i>nr/ .lAx'i/r, and later by the ffiiin'rlla, the latter bopt having liccn set 
 
 afloat in October and run iiuler sail 
 initil the arrival of her niacliincry. 
 The Goirniof l\>iii;/(is was the first 
 steandmat venture in Itritish Colum- 
 bia of that ])ioiieer of the CoUnnbia 
 ami Willamette, ,\lexander Sinclair 
 Murray, and was also the craft which 
 tempted another hero of early naviga- 
 tion in Oregon. Capt. William Irving, 
 to sail under the llrilish flag, where 
 he and his son, Coininodore John 
 Irving, afterward made fame and fort- 
 une. The Doiii;liis was launched in 
 the fall of iS^.S. the machinery com- 
 ing from San Francisco on the brig 
 W'illiiiHiHlii in December. She was 
 a good-si/.ed s t e r n w h e e 1 e r, with 
 sixteen-inch cylinders and six-foot 
 
 riiK ■'Ciimim:i- Mihiii\ '■ i i ,- it. 
 
 scooi.iiHieiiiii.r built ill vi.iuriaiii.iriii stroke, atid lelt \ ictona on her first 
 
 CAIT. I.KnNAIlli WlllTl' 
 
 i <% 
 
 ' Capt. I.eiiiianl While »bs iiiii- of the lirsl ;.vii in t)rcKOii to iltvole hiiiisi'lf to the iwiviKHtioii of its rivers. He 
 posM'sseil tile rare faculty of siucessfiilly pilotiiiK « steamer in unsurveyed chaniiels, ami ooniiiieiu 'mI ruiiiiiiiK steainlioats on the 
 Will.itin-Ui- River in the early fifties, at which time the lieail of iiiivinatioii was Rt .Albany. He was not content to let it lon^ 
 riiMjin so. however, anil took his steamer to Corvallis without any ilitTicnltv. meeting with a fjriinil reception on his .irrival. 
 Tin- .luUiorities presenteil liini with a block of lanil in the city anil were lavish in their promises of business. I-'rom that time 
 rivii Iniiisportatioii to Corvallis was as,sureil to the peo|)le of the town iiiiil country rimnilaboiit. Captain White iletermineil to 
 Iry ilii ■areaiii still farther up. though from this point it was rather narrow, crookeil. rapiil. ami encumliereil with ilriftwood anil 
 1"K', riiilisiiiayeil by these iibstrnclions he look the steamer I'lunix as far as Harrisburj! in the fall of 1S55. He remained on 
 this ^Uiiiiier until the autumn of iS.sd, when he went to the Cain mull, running her to I'arrisliurK. and was afterward pilot on the 
 Chill. 11, which he took as fur as Knueiie on her initial trip to that point. lie commanded difTerent boHts on the Willamette 
 umil lite ill i.SijS, when he svas eunaKed as captain of the new steamer I'oUiiiel U'iit;htm\ the upper river, named in honor of 
 CnliiiM.l Wright of the I'liiteil States .'\rmy, who was at that lime superior oflicer of a military post at The Palles. Captain White 
 loiik the steamer up the .Snake River as far as l.ewistoii, and was the first man to make a landing there. In the summer of iS6,i he 
 ran im, titer steamer called the Ciiviisf alH>ve Lewislon, goiuK as far as llie mouth of the ("traud Ronile River. In i>S6,i; he opened 
 iiavii: iiiiiu further north and east 011 the Columbia than ever iiefore The pioneer craft in these waters was the steamer /■'oily iii'ir, 
 wliuli lie operated until his health failed, anil toward the close of 1S69 he went to San I'rancisco in the hope of re>;ainin^' his 
 aciMivi.nitd vinor. Not obtaiiiiuK relief he relumed to Portland in kSjo, and died in the early sprin;; of that year. As a pathfinder 
 ii; Ih' unexplored waters of the Northwest, Captain While won for himself a lastiuK name in the annals of sleamhoatiii); isee also 
 stcaii. ■ loityiiiiit; 1S65). 
 
"l 
 
 j I 
 
 I 
 
 1 .i 
 
 82 
 
 Li'wl^ cf Drydi'n's Marine History of the Pncific Northwest 
 
 CArr, \v. I. WAii 1 
 
 trip ti) Laiigloy, January 27. iHsy, wit'i sixty passengers and no tons of freight. Soon after her conipletidii. 
 
 Irving, who was still interested with Murray, went over, bought out the wandering vScotdinian, and took connii.iiul 
 
 of the steamer, Murray going to Australia to become one of I'ne 
 first steamboatmen in the Antipodes. I'nder the management of 
 Irving, the /\'ni;/ii.i was run at different times by Captains Turn 
 Wright, W. I. W'aitt, William Moore,' and others. She gave gnud 
 service, and made money until she was succeeded by the steanurs 
 Coh'iiil Moo<iy and A'r/ianir. 
 
 The iWiD/r/ .l/i'ix/r was the eighth steamer to navigate tlie 
 waters of the Kraser, although the .second built for that trade, llie 
 others up to that time having been the Sfn liiid, Siii/^ii.<r, ( 'iiutliHa, 
 luiUrprisc, Marin, l\!ir(t .■tinhrsoi, and (n'zrnior /V«i,'/<;.f. The 
 .I/i'(>i/r was owned by the liritish Columl)ia Navigation Coinpaiiv, 
 the name under which Irving and Murray operated their steamers. 
 She was launched at Dead Man's I'oint, May 14, 1.S50, and was 
 145 feet long, 2- feet beam, and 4 feet hold, with engines \(^\-2 
 inches. She was at first commanded by Irving, but was afterward 
 in charge of Insley. Wright, and others. It was on the (.'oloiicl 
 .\/ootiv that Capt. J. H. I), dray.' afterward a prominent Oregon 
 Steam Xavigaticni Company captain, received some of his earlv 
 steamboating experience. The .Uooih was faster than any of the 
 steamers yet built for this trade, and she enjoyed a very profitalile 
 business until reinforced 
 1)y the Ncliiiiiir. 
 
 Ill January \'ic- 
 
 toria received the most important addition to her steam fleet since 
 
 the arrival of the ( '//<v, the steaniship l.abouihor. which came out 
 
 •Capt. XyilUaml. Wnitl arrivi-d on llic I'rasir Kiver in i.S.iS, and .since lliat 
 
 lime has ahvavs taken a prnnniUMil part in sluani navi^;ation <ni I'nuil Sonii.l anil 
 
 lliitisli CoUiniliia waters, lie lias oonimaniled tlie steamers Witson I,'. Ilniit, 
 
 /■:/iCii .lih/cisoii, \oiih I'luilii, Olyiiipia. and in faet all iif tlie oldliine lUit. 
 
 .Vfler leaving tlie mail lioat lie ran lor a Innj,' time as l'uj;el Soniiil jiilot iin tlic 
 
 Pacific Coast Stcainsllip Company's vessels, anil for tile past seven >ears lias luell 
 
 runniii); on llie West .Seattle fe'rrv. Captain Waitl. in liis loiiK career on tlie 
 
 Soiinil, lias lieen an active participant in some ol' the ureal steamlmat races ami 
 
 in the hitterest oiipositioii that ever occurred on the Coast. He is a native of 
 
 Jtaiiie, Iml came West when (piite vonnH- 
 
 "Capt. William Moore, lielter known as •'Hill" Moore, who lias always 
 
 hecn an intercsliiiK fi.vnrein liritish Colnniliia marine circles, was horn in Hanover, 
 
 Prussia, and, after foilowiiiK' the sea for a uunihor of years in variims parts of the 
 
 world, arrived at ( Ineeu Charlotte's Island in |S,S2 on the l.rij; Tfpic, a cclehrated 
 
 old-time opium sniiiK'n'cr. lie coulinneil lioatiuK in this vicinity with sailing 
 
 vessels until i.Sjij, when lie liuilt the steamer llcntiiltii. which he ran for two 
 
 vears. and llicii constructed the l-'lyiuf, /hililniinii. with which he nudertook the 
 
 first trip ever made hv a steamer on the .Stickeen Kiver, K"i"'K "P «'''' •' ''ar^e ami 
 
 125 iiasseuv;ers iluriiiK the milling excitenieni in i.Sfij. The steamers .UiXiiiuhia, 
 
 /. II'. .lA'orc, <,'i>/>ih/,: il'isliiii Slof),; ami '/'inni, all of which were run as 
 
 opposition steamers on liritish Colninhia routes, were later result-, of his enterprise. 
 
 In recent years Captain Moore has spent 
 consiilerahle lime exploring the iniuiu|{ 
 districts of the Yukon River. Ills steam- 
 hoat career in the Northwest has heeii 
 racy ami iuterestinn euounh to lill a 
 large hook, as a few of his exjiloits mentioned elsewhere will ,'ittest. 
 
 'Capt. I. II. I), (trav, a sou of the iiioueer William II. ('.ray, first saw the liuilt 
 at I.apwai. Idaho, March 21), iH^q. having' heen tl:e lirst male white child horn wc^' of 
 the Rocky Mountains. When a youii),' man he went to the P'rascr River and there eiilt m-iI 
 the steamhoat husiness as mate and pilot on the i'o/t>tii-/ Miwiiy in iSOo. lie ran '.lie 
 .steamer Mnriii on Harrison bake for a .sinrt lime and then went to the upptr Coluuiliia 
 and served as mate on the steamer Tt'fiifh'. He was soon yiven a comm.ind, and was 
 master on the various steamers of the ( IrcKon Steam Navinali<>ii Company on ilie navijj.il'le 
 ])ortioiis ot the ujiper Columhia and -Snake. Coiu^ lo the lower livei. he liouj.ilu lie 
 (iini'iiil (•iivil and operated her helweeii Uwaco ami Haker's Hay, the (.'1,111/ lieiiiK ilie 
 first sleaiiKT 011 lliis route. He was also inleresteil in l>nildiii>; the (I't'iiiiii/ .1///r.v, wl ;ili 
 was used for a while as a tni{ on the Cohinihia River liar and took an active part in he 
 developincut of Cray's Harhor. When Ote tjiurn it/' //ir /\ii i/i, stranded at the iiioul!' of 
 Ihe Columhia, Cray went to the rescue with the Milis and a lighter, 011 which he pi., i-il 
 the Ohrt'u's anchor ami towed it lo deep water, where il was dropped with a t\\i'l\f 1 v'li 
 cable attached, eiiahliiiK the men on the ship to ^'el a strain on it and kceii the {_>■■ <ti 
 from working; farther up on the hank. I'or tlii.s service Captain Cray was awarded *^. ■»' 
 salva>;e. He retired from the water several years a^o ami is at present liviiij,' in .\sti 
 
 where he holds the ollice of Jndyc of Clatsop County. 
 
 'Capt. J. W. Keeiie of Skagit City was one of the arrivals on the l.iihoiiiliftv, where he remained niitil iS'n, when 
 
 apprenticeship expiring, he left her ami went to the Carihoo mines. In the fall of that year he houylit an interest in the s 
 
 A*('(/ A''^"*^;* and commenced trading; ahni^ the Coast. He continued in this husiness with various sloops for several years, carr; 
 
 pa.ssengers hetwecn Victoria, Port 'rownseml and other points on the .Sound, and occasionally pilotiiiK' vessels lo the mill jiorls. 
 
 Cai 1 . Uii 1 lAM Mil 
 
 J. II ll.r.KAV 
 
 III, 
 
Thv Oregon Steam Navigaiion Company, Grawih of British Coltimhi:) Marinv Inili/strivs 
 
 «3 
 
 Iroin I.omloii .iiul entered the Hudson's Hay Company's service along the northern coast. The l.al'Oiirliere was 
 1)11'!! at Green's. Blackwall, London, in is^S. and left for her long trip to the new Northwest in the fall of that 
 viar. arriving at her destination early in iSs<;. She was a sidewheel steamer uf (i.So tons net register, and was 
 l\V(i linndrid and two feet in length, twenty-eight feet beam, and fifteen feet depth of hold, fitted with o.scillaling 
 engines of abont one hundred and eighty horse-power. Captain Trivette. who afterward brought out the steamer 
 
 /')i)Ki:<s A'i'vti/, came in command of the 
 /.aboiKlirrc. and W. A. Klliott was second 
 engineer, taking charge of her engines on 
 the arrival of the vessel at \'ictoria. Soon 
 afterward the steamer went into the coasting 
 business, trading with the Indians fo; the 
 Hudson's Hay Company. When she .sailed 
 for the North on her first trip, her crew con- 
 sisted of John .Swanson. commander; James 
 Ward, first officer; W. A. IClliott, engineer; 
 Robert Williams, clerk ; James Smith, boat- 
 swain ; Peter Wilson, steward ; George 
 McKay, interpreter ; seven able seamen, six 
 firemen, five wooilcntters, carpenter, cook, 
 trader, and two apprentices. The Indian of 
 that jieriod far outcla,sse(l his descendants in 
 l>i)int of insolence and deviltry, and the men 
 in charge of the steamer had some decidedly 
 racy experiences on their cruises beyond the 
 pale of civilization. ( )ii one occasion the Tako 
 Indians went so far as to take po.ssession of 
 llie vessel and threaten the lives of all on board. In one of the old steamer's log-books the fiillowing account 
 1)1 the trouble ai)pears; 
 
 " .M IIcioii.'ili, .Salunlay, .\iinii^t 2. 1S62. Crew iiiipli)ycil tending llie !,'aii^;w:iys and tradiiiK- Indi.ins vi-rv troulik'sunu' and 
 tiutntroiis. l''roiii apiH'aiaiii'os exin'Cled a ilistiirlianoi'. .\i in;;,ii Indians ri'Tused to trade M'l-olter skins nnilir a very exorliitaiit 
 ligure. .\t ii:i«i A. M. lit lires and prepared to start. Al 1:1 «i E'. M. the eliielOt' llie lower village eame on hoard, and all hiiliaii unnien 
 let'l the ship. .Vfier inneh disenssion and aii^^er, iVoiii the Sitka Indians espeeially, they refused lo trade and t'oreed the j;aii>;wav, 
 Caplain Swaiisini anil Mr. Coinplon each heinn seized hy alionl thirty Imlians armed with knives, ),'iins ami eUihs, ami were instantly 
 clisarined. ahoiit three hundred savages rushing on deek. Ity order of the eaptain, the ohieroHieer plaeed the nn'n under arms with 
 ritles, revolvers and swords, and sneeeedeil in keepiii),' the Indians alt at the point of the hayonet, lint il.ired not lire as it would he 
 the sii;Mal lor the instant ileatli of the oajitaiu and trader. Ordered the view forwanl and trained two eaunon .lit loaileil with !.;rape 
 and eaiinister, which enahled us, after nuuh di.scussion and « ith ^'reat forbearaiue on the part of the crew, to effect a parley, and liotli 
 
 sides agreed to discharge arms in the air, our men on the 
 
 briilge and the Imlians on the ipiarter ileck. On the Imlians 
 
 giving two sea otter skins ami llie chiefs expressing their con 
 
 Irition, man\- of them ileparted. taking the revolvers of the 
 
 i'aptain and Mr. Comjiton and relaiuing possession of thi-m. 
 
 To please the natives the captain and Mr. Complon entered 
 
 the chiels' canoe and paddled around the harhor amidst sing- 
 ing, etc. .Xt io:(Ki I'. M. snei'ei-ded in getting rid of all of the 
 
 Indians withonl violence hy allowing the interpreter to go 
 
 ashore with them for two or three hours." 
 
 WW CuMl-ANV's sii \M!-nir 
 
 On receiving a hint from the Hoonali chief that 
 hostilities wunld be resumed the next day. the vessel 
 stole away under f;tll steam at three o'clock the next 
 morning. The f.al'OKrliiii- contintieil in this trade 
 until the latter part of IS(>5 or the beginning of i,s6(). 
 when she was granted a subsidy of $1,500 a trip by 
 the Crown Colony to carry the mails between \'ictoria 
 and San Francisco. Captain Moiiatt was then in com- 
 mand, and before starting IVoitt San Francisco she was 
 extensively overhauled and tei)aired, over $.',(), 1 100 
 been expended on her hull and machinery. On her first voyage the vessel was lost at I'oini Reyes isee 
 r /.(i/>o/ir/ii>r. i86ri 1. 
 
 .ViiDlhtr important addition to the Mritisli Columbia and I'nget Sound fleet was the steamer /■.//>(( .I/1(/i>m>i/. 
 liiiilt :ii Portland the preceding year and sent round in March, Captains Wells and Hustler going with her. 
 
 W, A. Hi-Liorr 
 
 l-.iitiHn'tT steam)iltip " I.iiltouchfre" 
 
 h.ivni; 
 wreck 
 
 Cut I w. Kki.:.\k 
 
 
 
 m :> ■ 
 
 tile sj Miig ot I >S he look the schooner /'itf/tt'f lo the IMihilof Islands on a scaling voyage. lie was next master of the schooner 
 X,') ,,/(•; running to .Mits'tcr., leaving her to pilot the I'niled St.Ues steamer .S'(;j,'///(/.-t', and I'roni 1S61) to lS7c> was in the eniplov 
 of il'.i I .oveniinent, lixf years of that period having heen s] cut on the revenue laitter / niit'lu. In i>^79 he resigned and retired to a 
 l.uiii 1 > ,tr ,Skagil City, hut in the fall lesuinedi his olil vocation, taking file tug Miiiy 'J'av/oi iVom the .Sound to .Astoria. TIu- 
 lolUiv M.; \ear he litied out tile steamer /■i/.ix ilr for the Nortliwesl Trading Company and ran her for a year. He afterward served 
 as 111 I ,1 or )pilot oil the steamers A'mi«i,',7, of which he sii])erinteiided llie hiiilding, /'liza . Iiiiliis,'ti, lliiiiy ISathy, l.eo. a steam 
 sclioi Hi r winch he look to .\laska, and others. Since iS.Si) lie has made freiiuent trips to Alaska in the Ciovernmeiit service, his last 
 eiuph-Mueni having heen with the h'liliani A'ii.\/i, on wliicli lie was stationed in llcring .Sea during the season ot i,Sy,(. 
 
 ' ii- 
 
H 
 
 84 
 
 Lewis (f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Tlie ShiibiM was tlie 
 
 CaPT, J. M. FRA7RR 
 
 Early in 1858 the United States steamer Shiibrick arrived on the Sound and commenced ? career of 
 usefulness in the Government service which kept her name prominently before the public for thirty ytars. Slie 
 
 came from the East to San Francisco in charge of Inspector De Camp 
 
 and Capt. T. A. Harris, with J. M. Frazer," first officer ; T. S. Pickering. 
 , second officer ; T. Winship. chief engineer ; T. J. McNamara, second 
 
 engineer; and VV. H. Wiggins,* water tender. 
 
 first lighthouse tender on the Pacific Coast, 
 
 although she was called a revenue cutter 
 
 when she first made her appearance in 1S59. 
 
 She was built in Philadelphia in i.Sj; of live 
 
 and white oak, copper fastened throughout, 
 
 was brigantine rigged, and mounted three 
 
 cannon. Her dinien.sions were : length, 
 
 one hundred and forty feet ; t)eam, twenty- 
 two feet ; depth, nine feet ; engine (single), 
 
 fifty by forty-eight inches. On her first 
 
 trip to the Sound, Capt. Frank West (now 
 
 living in East Portland) took command, 
 
 having iieen appointed by Capt. John De 
 
 Camp, at that time Lighthouse In.spector 
 
 for this district. In June, iSsg, the steamer 
 
 made a cruise to the Cascades with a number of army officers from 
 
 Vancouver Barracks, headed by General Harney. The parly reacliid 
 
 Ruckel's Landing without acci<k-nt. the old Shiibn',/,- carried them l)ack 
 
 to\'ancouver, and they tell to this day that they went to the Cascades 
 on the first, last, and only ocean-going steamship that ever penetrated .so far inland on the Columbia. During 
 her early career on the Sound and in other parts of the Noribwest. the S/iiibn'ik\ as local .steamers were scarce 
 in those days, in addition to her 
 duties as revenue cutter and light- 
 house tender, carried mail, freight, 
 and passengers, and performed any 
 other necessary work. After passing 
 through the perils of the San Juan 
 difficulty with spiked guns, the old 
 Shubn'ek assumed a warlike aspect 
 in 1862 when Victor Smith, Collector 
 for the Puget Sound district, 
 attempted to move the custom-house 
 from Port Townsend to Port Angeles. 
 The Townsend people olyected to its 
 removal, and having pos.session dur- 
 ing Smith's ab.sence refused to give 
 up the papers. Lieutenant Wilson 
 then trained the fierce twelve-poun- 
 ders of the Shubruk on the Key City 
 and threatened to wipe it out of 
 existence unless the inhabitants capitulated, which they finally reluctantly did, A warrant was afterward 
 issued for Smith's arrest, but, when the marshal went aboard to serve it. Lieutenant Wii.son put him aslmie. 
 and the Shiibiiik- steamed away. Smith afterward discharged the entire crew with the exception of Captain 
 
 Wll.I.AM H. WlCIilNS 
 
 r. S. SlKAMsmi' "SIH'UHICK" 
 Hirst liKhthouse teiidt-r on I'acifit- L'oasl 
 
 •Capt. J. M. Fra/cr was Ijorn in Kentucky, left home at the aj<e of nineteen, Jinil after follo\vin>( tlie sea fof niaiiy years c;inie 
 to Oregon in 1858 on the ohl Sliiihiiik, settling at Oregon City, He served for some time on the np|ier Willamette, and was iil'.o 
 freight clerk at Oregon City for the People's Transportation Company, lie finally made I'ortlanil his home, and hir many yi ir« 
 was in the employ of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Compiny. Ilis last steamhoating was on the /\iiliif>iisi\ which he left in 
 1889. He ilied at Portland, Octoher 19, 189I. 
 
 * William H. Wiggins was horn in New Vork City in |8^^, and connnenced his marine service on the Hndson River as caliii 
 boy, while learning the trade of engineer, working ini ferries and other steamers. He started for the I'l.cific Coast in iS,'i7 on ilie 
 United States steamer S/iiihtitk, leaving her on arrival at San I'rancisco, and going to the (^i izfih,i as water tender. In i860 he \>.is 
 for a few months on the steamer Piiritic. and afterward on the liroihet Jonathan. He was then for a short time on the .Sacrami i" 
 River, a .shipmate of Ivngineer Honston, who was lost on the Patilic, hut soon went hack to salt water as first assistant on ;'if 
 steamship Shuhriik for a year, leaving heron I'ngel .'^oniid, and on returning to San I'rancisco going as first assistant <ni ihe 
 steamships Paiifu, Senator, Orizaba and .Ijax. When Holladay's line was sold to the Mail C<nnpatiy, he left the water and "is 
 employeti in the >San Francisco Mint for three anil one-half years, at the expiration of which he joined the steamship Dakota as I :-l 
 assistant. He was afterwanl chief of the steamship Dakota, and of the ferryhoats .intilopc, /, ,1/ /hinahnr, Tihiiron, ('!• 'h 
 and San Ka/ail, remaining in the ferry service for ahoiit six years. Mr. \Vi>;gins was one of the fonnilers of the .San Franci ■ 
 Marine Knijinecrs' Association, and has been an active member sinco its organization. 
 
The Oregon Steam Navigation Company, Growth of British Columbia Marine Industries 
 
 85 
 
 Sc.M1.11 ' and Engineer VVinship. The former continued in command until 1864, when he was relieved by Captain 
 Sc.iiiiMion. who in turn was followed by Anderson, Moses Rogers, Jessen," Kortz, Everson, and H. M. Gregory, 
 
 who took charge in 1H82 and ran her until she was condemned. Winship 
 was the l)est known of the engineers on the old steamer, and was suc- 
 ceeded by Nightingale, Scott, Lord, and others. After over a quarter of 
 a century of continuous work in the Northwest, the Sliitbrick made her 
 ""^^fc last trip in I)eccnit)er, iS.S^, and was taken to Mare Island and sold at 
 
 auction March 20, 18.S6, to Charles Densbrow of San Erancisco for )|53,2oo. 
 The steamship /o/<« T. ll'rijr/i/ was built at Port Ludlow in 1859 
 by William Hammond, making her first trip in May, 1860 She was a 
 sidewheeler, one hundred and .seventy-four feet long, twenty-seven feet 
 beam, and ten feet hold, fitted with engines from tlie burned Sfa Bird. 
 Soon after completion the steamer was taken to San Erancisco, and 
 ran on the Sacramento for a .short time in command of Capt. William E. 
 Hushnell, ' who was in charge of the Julia when she first appeared on the 
 Sound, and was subsequently sold to parties who took her to China, 
 wlicre .she burned .soon after her arrival. The Wright was, with the 
 exception of the liliza Anderson, the first ocean-going steamer constructed 
 on the Coast. 
 
 The finest sternwheeler yet built made her appearance on the 
 Columbia and Willamette in 1859. She was named the Carrie Ladd in 
 honor of the Portland banker's daughter, and will always be remem- 
 bered for the inqiortant part she played in the organization of the Oregon 
 cai't. j. w. skuiikn Steam Navigation Company. The Carrie Ladd was launched at Oregon 
 
 Citj in October, 1858. She was constructed by John T. Thomas* for Jacob Kamm, Capt. J. C. Ai'isworth, 
 
 
 ' Capt. I. \V SeliU'ii was linrii in Maryluiul, July 29, i.'i.iJ. Kiiil came to the Pacific Coast ahoiU 1S56. In 1S62 lie w. s a lieutenant 
 on llie rtvi-mii' niter /ik' l.atii\ ami later on the Sliiihrirk, stationed a part iif the time on the Sound anil the rest in San ''rancisco. 
 In i.v>t he ritnriieii Ivast, coininj,; out BKain in 1S66 on the revenue cutter H'yanciii from lialtiniore, llil., arriving at San 
 I'rHinisrii in Dccemher, after a tempestuous voyage of one hunilreil ami eiglityoiie days. In I.s6y lie was detached from the ll'yanda 
 and Kiven cotninand of the revenue cutler l.imoln, in which he maile a tri]) to -Maska Troni the l.mtohi he was ordered to the 
 Htluitii't', a topsail schooner, which was afterward sold in Sitka and renamed the Leo. He remained with her several months and 
 wiis linn put in charge of the steamer Oliier Walioll, which was his last vessel. While in the (ioverninent service he never lost an 
 opiHht.iiiity tn rentier such assistance as lay in his power to mariners running on the Sound, and freely gave them the henefit of the 
 kniiwKil>;c acquireil through his superior o))i)ortuiiities for observing the effects of tides and ohstructions to navigation in channels 
 sfldnin traversed hy other seafaring men. lie died in Seattle, March 16, 1.S8S. 
 
 'Capt. Ci. M. Jessen was horn in (lermany in I.S40, and went to sea at the age of fourteen. He came to the Pacific Ccast in 
 iv«i, arriving at San I'rancisco on a sailing vessel. He was finally given command of the .Shuhiik, after a long term of service on 
 the vessel, anil suhseipienlly spent several years as bar pilot on the ocean steamships running between rorlland and San I'"rancisco. 
 Wliin these pilots were ilispensed with, Jessen took the U'i/mhiglon and ran her during the early part of the notorious Dunbar 
 ri-gniii-. .After leaving this vessel he went to the steamship Hm/iire, in the coal trade iietween 
 .San I'rancisco and Nanaimo, and a short time ago took charge of the H/'illamelle, where he still 
 roinaiiis. Captain Jessen ran on the Humboldt line for two years and has commanded steamers 
 on nearly every northern route out of San hVancisco. 
 
 'Capt. William !■). Itushnell was hern in Norwich, Conn., in 1.S22, and began his marine 
 laieer at the ,ige of thirteen, running iv. a small co.isting steamer owneil by his father, plying 
 hetween Norwich and New York. I!l- conlinued on his father's vessels unlil he reached the jiosi- 
 liiiu of master, and then made a trip to Valparaiso with Capt. IMward Waterm.in. Soon after his 
 return he joined ji New London whaler and spent three _\ ears on a cruise, reaching home about 
 the unie of the gold excitement in California, and uniting with the Hartford I'nion Mining S: 
 Trading Company, an organi/ation which inclutled one huinlred and twenty-two yoting men, each 
 of wliiiMi subscribed jf.v*) With their combined capital they purchased the ship lleiny /.<■<• anil 
 loaded her with general cargo for California, Captain Hushnell ciniii ig out as second mate. 'I'lie 
 parly arrived at Sail I'rancisco, Sei)teniber i.t, 1SJ9. and subsequently established a store in Sacra- 
 im-iito, .\fter a brief visit to the mines. Cai)tain Hiisbnell returned to the river ami secured a 
 piisuiou on the steamer .Siiialor, leaving her in iSsi to go to the .hileli>f'i\ on which he served as 
 pilot and master until 1S51, narrowly escaping serious injury twice on the latter steamer. In iSs.l, 
 ttlieii the .Intelope took fire, Captain Hushnell «as overcome by the heat while engaged in throw- 
 iiii; water on the boilers to generate steam to extinguish the flames, and on another occasion, 
 vvluii the boat was in collisicn with the ConfiJeiice, he cmirageously forced his body into the 
 bre.uli made and kept t'' ■ •" : ' '' "lie steamer was beached. In \^^^, when the Honduras 
 Mining c\: Trading Cor..^ .^ ..„j organized. Captain nushnell was sent to Honduras to look after 
 the iiiteiestsof the company, but soon afterward went to New York, meeting John H. Scranton, 
 »lii> engaged him to go to Pu,et Sound to take command of the new steamer //(/i'c(, which po.siiion 
 
 lie .issMineil on his arrival at Victoria, ret.ainiiig it a year, receiving while in this service the first pilot's license issued in the I'uget 
 SiiMiul district for the Sound, Ciulf of deorgia and the Straits of I'nca. He cominaiided the Jiilia during the San Juan ililTicultics, 
 and tarried many tiovernment oflicials and troops between the mainliind tuid the scene of the dispute. When the steamer John /'. 
 '(' tWwassent to .San I'rancisco, Captain lUishnell was apnointed master, and ran her for a year, leaving in i,S(;i to enter the 
 San Irancisco ferry service, where he has since remained. 
 
 *John T. Thoma.s, who built seveial of the most prominent vessels of the pioneer steam fleet on the Willamette River, was 
 liiirii in ICngland in iSiiS, and came to .America with his parents when ten years of age. His father was appointed superintendent of 
 I'liiisiiiiiUnn at the Washington Navy Yard by President Monroe, the Naval Hoard at that time consisting of .Admirals Rogt. ■, 
 I>i'r iiur and Porter. Young T'homas was educated at the Naval .Academy in Hlandensbnrg ami in due season entered the navy as a 
 iiii'l-liipinan, but wlien about to depart for a long cruise his father secured his release from the department, and he liecame a 
 ilsnian and contractor for river boats. He came to Oregon in 1850. and the following spring built the steamer //(i(;.v/('/' and 
 
 WlI.I.lAM NliillTIM^Al.K 
 
 alti iw.iril ilraughled and built the steamers Omeinali, H-'itZ/dine/ and Slioolualer. He also constructeil the steamers Ctiirie I. add, 
 Si'ii,i:,ii, FiiiDiie Palloii. .Success, and many otlirrs. He dietl in Portlainl, March 29, 1890, aged eighty-two years. His son, W. R 
 Thuiuas, has followed steamboating for many years on the Columbia River and Pugel Sound, 
 
 ■;i ■: ,1 
 
 * 
 
 • 
 
m 
 
 86 
 
 Lewis <f Dryden s Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 and the proprietors of the steamers Jennie Clark and Express, each party owning a one-fourth interest, altliougli 
 
 Kamni was in reality tlie largest stockholder, as, in addition to his individnal share, he was half owner in 
 
 the Jennie Clark, which represented a fourth in the Carrie I.adtl. Her engines were bought in Wihninglon, 
 
 Del,, and were sixteen by sixty-six inches. She was fitted up in first-class style, and on her trial trip 
 
 February 9, iH.sy, in command of Ainsworth, made the run to Vancouver in one hour twenty-five minutes, to the 
 
 Cascades in five hours forty-four minutes, and back to Portland in four hours thirty-eight minutes, a speed wliicli 
 
 was considered very rapid in those days. The steamer was originally intended for the Oregon City trade, l)ut 
 
 shortly after her completion the Union Transportation Company, the forerunner of the mighty Oregon Steam 
 
 Navigation Company, was formed, and the Carrie l.add secured the 
 
 y "• largest share given to any one steamer in that pool. Having excellent 
 
 power she found no difficulty in going to the very foot of tue rapids 
 at the Cascades. When the Julia was brought from the Sound there 
 was a brief spell of opposition on the Cascade route, which was soon 
 ended by the purchase of the Julia ; and, in the lively days of steam 
 boating in the early sixties, the two steamers ran there alternately. 
 each carrying from two hundred to three hundred passengers at a trip. 
 In 1S62, while in command of Capt. James Strang, the Carrie l.add 
 struck a rock near Cape Horn and sank. The pas.sengers were rescued 
 by the Mountain liuek and taken to the Cascades. The steamer was 
 afterward raised and resumed her trips, but the tremendous amount 
 of work to whicli she was subjected during her early career had 
 weakened her, and in 1864 she was converted into a barge. Her 
 engines were used in the Nez /'eree Chief &\\A her lioiler, in after years, 
 in the Mountain Queen. As will be seen by the accompanying engrav- 
 ing, the Carrie Ladd was similar in many respects to the sternwheelers 
 of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company which followed her. She 
 was the nearest approach to a modern river steamer that had yet 
 appeared on the Coast. Her dimensions were : length, one hundred 
 and twentv i.\ feet; beam, twenty-four feet four inches; depth, four 
 feet six inches. The I'nion Transportation Company, formed in 1851) 
 by Captain Ainsworth, Jacol) Ramm. Capt. Richard Hoyt, Capt. 
 Richard Williams, and others interested in the river .steamers then 
 
 in operation, was more in the nature of a pool than anything else, and secured good results as long as it existed. 
 On the upper Willamette the steamer .S7. Claire was built by Oreen C. Davidson and John Davis at Ray's 
 
 Landing to run opposition to the James Clinton and the Yamhill. Her owner operated her a few months and 
 
 then consolidated with the Yamhill Steamboat Company, which was composed of J. D. Miller, E. B. Fellows, 
 
 George La Rocque, Alljert Epperly, John B. Piettete, and Thomas R. Fields. 
 
 The company was capitalized at $12,000. The .S7. Claire jx'ople received 
 
 three-twelfths of the stock, and the boat was laid up. The St. ( laire never 
 
 amounted to much, and her chief claim to distinction is that she is the oidy 
 
 steamboat that was ever successfully sent over the falls at Oregon City. This 
 
 feat was accomplished in 1.S61 with Capt. George W. Taylor in command. 
 
 On the Fraser River and Puget Sound, .steandxiating was good all 
 
 through the year. In addition to the new steamers, the Wilson (i. Hunt 
 
 returned in June, and the Consli'ution, linter[>rise. Maria, and letter, were 
 
 running regularly. The tugs Resolute and Ranger No. 2 were towing, and 
 
 the old Beaver took a few vessels in and out of Britis'i Columbia ports. The '(^^^^^^^■C^HK .c 
 
 steamship Forwood, which arrived at Victoria from ICngland by way of San 
 
 Francisco, entered the coasting trade, but after making a few trips to San 
 
 Francisco abandoned the field. The I'oruood was a British tramp steamer of 
 
 seven hundred tons burden, two hundred feet long, twenty-six feet beam. 
 
 sixteen feet depth of hold, and was in command of G. P. Lock ; I). McKay, 
 
 first officer ; \V. G. Lock, .second officer ; H. C. Lock, third officer ; George 
 
 Greives, chief engineer ; Robert Hill, a.ssistant ; J. Mair, purser ; William Ray, steward. While pa.s.sing thmugli 
 
 the .Straits of Fuca on her third trip from San l'"ranci.sco to Victoria a quantity of gunpowder, u.sed in fniiig 
 
 salutes, exploded, killing H. C. Lock and William Ray. 
 
 The ocean business was performed by the steamships Northerner, Captain Dall, the J'aeifie, Cap lin 
 
 Patterson, Panama, French and Dall, Columbia and Brother Jonathan, the latter arriving on her first trip ui; ler 
 
 the old name in March. Since her serious difficulty while bearing the name Commodore, the Califn iiia 
 
 Steam Navigation Company had expended $37,txx3 in repairs. She started out in charge of Capt. George W. 
 
 Staples, and iu the service of the Columbia Steam Navigation Company secured a large business on the Nortlurn 
 
 Cai'T. William K. Bi-siinkll 
 
 John T. 'rMo.MAS 
 
The Oregon Steam Navigation Company, Growth of British Columbia Marine Industries 
 
 87 
 
 rort • (luring the Salmon River mining excitement, carrying from 700 to i,o<x> passengers at a trip. In 1862 slie 
 rail ::i)in San F'ancisco to l\)rtland in sixty-nine hours, which at tliat date was the test time on record. After 
 Slii''*'^ "'"* killed in Portland, De Wolfe coninianded her most of the time. On June 14 i.S6i, she collided with 
 tlir ;.arkcntine /(/'/(■ • /. I'alkenherg in the Columbia River, receiving injuries which it is claimed had much to do 
 wiih licr unseaworthy condition when she met her fate a few days later (see steamship Commodore awS. wreck 
 of lii.'thir /oiitilli(tii). The Cohimbin ran oidy as far north as the Columbia River, but the others touched at 
 \'i( ti.ria and all of the Sound ports. The Coiir:. Captain Huntington, also made several trips to the Columbia. 
 Wliili.' the fleet of ocean steamships did not compare with that of the previous sea.son, yet all that were running 
 
 proved profitable. Victoria had come to the front as a marine center 
 within the year, and the Coloiiiit, in .setting forth the importance of the 
 city, mentions among the vessels in port, June 25, if*59. llie steamers (Ulcr, 
 (ioviiHor /h Hi; /lis, Ciilidoiiiit, (o/oiir/ Moody, and lUiza Anderson, the ships 
 'Ihames Cily.'" i'oriinlic, /i/isa, ai;.l /■,'//(/, harks Jui/>/ini/es, Carrie /.ehiiid, 
 and Ctesar, brigs R'lile /'osier and Hamburg, steamship l^'orn'ooJ, and the 
 Government vessels Tribiine, Salellile, Pleiades, and Plumper. 
 
 In the fall of iSsij the Enterprise, one of the pioneers on the Fraser, 
 was taken to Gray's Harbor by Capt. Tom Wright, who is still disgusted 
 with the outcome of this move. After snagging the steamer three times, 
 he finally reached the he.idwaters of the stream, and, when one of the four 
 .settlers who comprised tlie enterprising population which needed steamboat 
 transportation so badly charged him fifty dollars for a small ([uantity of 
 butter and eggs, lie abandoned the boat and returned to the .Sound overland. 
 The J-'nIerprise afterward made a trip down the river with some troops and 
 Government freight, for which Wright received a very handsome sum, but 
 not enough to recoup him for the losses suffered by taking her away from 
 a good field to a wilderness where there was next to nothing. The steamer 
 was eventually dismantled and the machinery transported overland to the 
 .Sound. Her career w.xs a notable one, and she is said to have received 
 more money for a single run than any steamer ever operated on tlie Fra.ser, 
 having been paid §25,000 for a special trip to Murderer's Har and return. 
 Another steamer wliich left Victoria this year was the little I.eiiallnni. 
 which was purchased by some Astorians and taken to the Columbia, where 
 she was operated by Sam Sweeny '•= and Irving Stevens. .She attempted tlie Portland and Astoria run as a 
 passi.iii;cr steamer, but was too small and slow. In the spring the steamer Julia, which had been taken to the 
 Ciihinil)ia the year before, was brought back to the Sound by Capt. Thomas Mountain. She was put on the 
 \iL'U)ria route, and ran there for a few months in command of Captain Bushnell. The 
 I'liiud Slates steamship A/assaeliusells was on the .Sound the greater part of the year, 
 and was borrowed for a few trips by Capt. J. M. Hunt while his own mail steamer was 
 disabled. 
 
 .\n international war cloud hovered over the waters of I'uget Sound and Rriti.sh 
 Col'Mubia for a few months in 1859, calling for the presence of several war vessels of 
 till- nations interested. The trouble has its place in the world's history under the title 
 of "Tile .San Juan Dispute," and was caused by a misinterpretation of the boundary 
 (k'cisidii n' 1.S46. Some features of the point then at issue had been wrangled over 
 liy \'aii;.ou,er and Quadra nearly .seventy years before, and the contentions of Great 
 lirilaiii were at that time far from pleasing to Spain ; but she was not strong enough 
 to assert her rights, and the Spanish claims in the Northwest were subsequently ceded 
 to I'rance. Napoleon was too fully occupied with the .solution of Kuropean complica- 
 tions to successfully develop and protect the French holdings in America, and the 
 I.niiisiana purchase transferred the boundary contention to the United States, with 
 tlie vast region the Northwestern limits of which included the disputed territory. The 
 iliscovLiies made during the early explorations of the Spaniards, and of Vancouver, provided a basis for the 
 treaty of 1846, and the line between the United States and the British dominions was fixed at the Inrtyiiiiith 
 
 \V. TAVI.tlH 
 
 CaIM. IK\'1NU SlHVKVS 
 
 ':! as 
 
 m 
 
 ■ Ml 
 
 cllUM 
 of Cil] 
 
 IK' 
 
 lias 
 
 "The TliitiiiesCitvvtas lUi emigrant ship and l>niiinlit out many passengers on this trip. Ainont,' Ihcni was .1 Renins who 
 a weekly paper on tlic voyage, presenlint; ineidenls of life on hoard in rhyme. The complete file is now in possession 
 
 't. (leorge Roherts of Victoria. In ilescrihinj^ the departnre from London, the hard says: 
 
 A ship once saileil on a voyage lonn. with sixscore soMiers, stout and strong. 
 With marrie<l women thirty one, thirty-four children plump and younj.;. 
 'Samuel Sweeney was horn in Ungl and in 1S24, and came to California in 1S50, working on the Panama steamers for 
 irs. He went to Shoalwater Bay in iS,';2, and comnienceil sailing plungers from llwaco to Astoria that year. lie was 
 the first to engage in the oyster trade, and, hefore taking the I.eriiilliaii around, ran plungers between points on the bay. 
 
 tr.iled the Leviathan four years and then sold her, ami continued in the oyster and fish business with sailing vessels, lie 
 u olT the water for several years and is now living at IKvaco. 
 
 1- r tjM-' "i ■ 
 
88 
 
 Lewis (J Drydens Marino History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 
 parallel. On the discovery that the extension of this line to the Pacific included a portion of \'ancouver Island 
 within the confines of the United States, the wording of the treaty was altered, defining the iioundary as 
 follows: "Westward along the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude to the middle of the channel which 
 separates the continent from Vancouver Island, thence southerly through the middle of said channel and of 
 Kuca Straits to the Pacific Ocean." Unfortunately for the jieace and quiet of both American and Knglish 
 dwellers in that vicinity in 1.S51), there were two channels lietween Vancouver I.sland and the continent, Knglaiid 
 claiming that Rosario Straits, next to the mainland, was the channel referred to in the treaty, and the Americans 
 asserting that the Canal de Haro, west of San Juan Island, was the one contemplated. The Ilud.son's Hay 
 Company had occupied this island for a number of years, using it principally as a sheep ranch, and the immediate 
 cau.se of the di.spute in 1850 was a quarrel between .some of their men and an American living on the island. 
 General Harney ordered a company of soldiers to the .scene, and Kngland offset this action by .sending the 
 man-of-war Saleltik, Captain Prevost, to guard her interests. The affair created much excitement on both sides 
 of the border, and i)efore it was settled the Hritish war vessels Plumper. G<in\;is. Tribiini' and Satellite, and the 
 American vessels Alassaehusetts. .Ictive, Jeff /hivis and Sliubriek, were in the neighboring waters, prepared to 
 uphold the rights and dignity of their respective countries. General Scott was dispatched from Washington t.j 
 attend to the American side of the case, and Commander Prevost of the Satellite represented the British claims. 
 After a careful inquiry into the matter. Great Britain gracefully receded from the position she had taken, and 
 San Juan Island became the undisputed property of the United States. 
 
 Notwithstanding the fairly good steaml>oat facilities on the , .. . .^ . 
 
 Sound, sailing vessels continued to increase in number, and all were 
 kept busy. The celebrated Capt. "Jimmy " Jones was running the 
 schooner Caroline between \'ictoria and Olympia, and occasionally 
 made very fast time. Including stops at Steilacoom, Nisqually and 
 Bellview, he sailed one round trip in four days. The Eclipse, Captain 
 Barrington, the General Harney, ^^ Captain Roeder, and nearly forty 
 other craft of similar size, were plying the Sound and along the coast 
 of Vancouver Island, among the more familiar being the Victoria 
 Packet, which six years later was scuttled by the Cowichan Indians, 
 who murdered the crew ; the Surprise, wrecked in Barclay Sound a 
 decade later ; the Royal Charlie, whose crew were subsequently 
 massacred by the savages ; the lilack Diamond, which a quarter of a 
 century afterward narrowly escaped making serious trouble between 
 Great Britain and the United States by her sealing escapade. The 
 Francis Helen, Captain Ray ; the Wild Pigeon, Captain Saunders ; 
 the lilizabeth. Captain Melvin ; the Cadboro, Captain Harris ; the 
 Langley, Captain Dolholte ; * the Harriet, Island Queen, Kossuth, 
 Lallah Rookh, Lizzie Roberts, Matilda Heron, Laura, Mary Ann, 
 Morning Star, A'evada, Pronto, Roxer, Reporter, Surprise and Wild 
 Duck. The schooner D. /.. Clinch, Captain Bunker, distinguished her- 
 self by taking away the first cargo that left British Columbia for a 
 foreign port. She sailed from New Westminster in December with 
 sixty thousand feet of cabinet wood and fifty barrels of cranberries, consigned to San Frauci.sco. Tlie schooner 
 Toxvanda was running between Victoria and the Sandwich Islands, in command of Captain Keller, one of the old 
 school who is still .sailing the ocean. The iUml)er business of Puget Sound nad assumed large proportions, and 
 
 "The schooner General Haimy, one of the historic crafl of the Sound, had ijuite an eventful career. Iter first work 
 was carryiuK hnnlicr from ftsalaily to Port Townsend to be used in the erection of a Catholic church. On her arrival the pmsi 
 received her with nincli ceremony, coming ahoanl to lilcss the vessel. She was next em))loye<l in movin); (juns and (■■overiinunl 
 troops from Hellin^ham Hay to San Juan dnrin)^ the discussion of the ownershi]) of that place. In iS6o Ca])t. H. H. I.loyil 
 took command, and carried brick and lime from San Juan and stone from Port Drchard for the fonmlation of the Terrilonal 
 University. She was next in the \'ictoria trade carrying cattle, and in 1862 CajHain (»ooilell was ])laced in charge and ran lier 
 between Chuckanut and New Westminster as a stone transport until 1864, when Captain Tucker sailed her a while in tliegential 
 freij^hling business. Captain Oberg next had Iier in the Seal)eck and Victoria lumber trade, and was succeedeil b\' Cliris 
 Williams. In 1872 I.loyd again bought an interest and operated her for the next ten years. In 1876 .she caught fire with :i 
 cargo of lime and was beached in Appletree Cove. In 187,5 most of the material used iu the construction of the penitentiary 
 buildings at McNeil's Island was transported on this schooner. 
 
 *Capt. John Uolholte, who was master of the Langley this year, is still living at Nanaimo, D. C. He was born in 
 Norway in 1S19, and began going to sea when a boy. In 1.S40 he left Norway for New York, anil afler speinling eight years on the 
 Atlantic Coast went to San I'V.iucisco in 1849. He connnenced coasting on lumber vessels in the Northwest, ami iu i.Ss,^ bought a 
 small .schooner, ran her until 1857, and then took commainl of a hunber ship, which he sulisei|Hently left to go to the Traser KiviT 
 mines, where he w.as unsuccesslnl. He eventually returned to Port Townsend ami took charge of the schooner Ltutglt'y, .f'tl 
 afterward worked up a fine business supplying the war vessels at Vii iria with coal, which he brought ilown from Nanaimo. Capt '.ti 
 Dolholte continneil in this vocation until i85i, when he went to Nanaimo and settled on the island known as Jacks Point. He h iil 
 first visited this locality to store some goods which he could not <lispose of during a trading expedition anu>ng the miners, ami beinji 
 pleased with the surroundings applied to the Government for a title, which he secured about ten years ago, alterw.ard selling to the 
 Vancouver Coal Company for several thousand dollars, but retaining a life lease in the property at a yearly rental of twenty I ve 
 cents. Captain Dolholte retired from the water several years ago, but still takes a lively interest in the development of the mar le 
 industry. 
 
 C.Ai'T. John Doi.iioltk 
 
The Oregon Steam Navigation Company, Growth of British Cohimbia Marine Industries 
 
 89 
 
 •-1 
 
 CAPT. U"| 1,1.1AM J Wdoni.KV 
 
 the ik'et arriving at Victoria and ports on the Sound with cargo all loaded Imnlier for the return trip, Teekalct, or as 
 il i^ now called Port Gamble, doing the largest share of the business. The fleet in this traflfic for tlie year included 
 aiiMHi,' others the ships A7«i,' /Vii/Z/p, Captain Rollins; .Inib. Captain Ivldridge .////.iv l.nvrencf. Captain 
 N'kkcrson ; //(i/'.s*«':i,''/(. Captain Oakes f7(wxv.v. Captain Slatter ; Mjining 6Vi»r, Captain Hobbs ; Cnst of the 
 \\\i:;\ Captain Nickerson ; Alia Thorndyke, Captain Thorndyke ; Thames City, Captain Glover; the barks 
 I'l.^u itint: /)<•(»«/)', Captain Smith; /'a/iny .1/tijor, Captain VVoodley ; '■ llarllord. Captain Morgan ; /<•««(■ I'ord. 
 Caplaiii Monre. and the brig .SV<( Nymph." The bark Sfnalor loaded piles at Sooke for Shanghai, and the bark 
 li\iini(m spars and piles at Seabeck for the Amoor River. Several vessels were in the coal trade to Nauaimo and 
 IklliiiKham Uay, tlie fim of Sinclair & Williams of San Franci.sco purchasing 
 twelve thousand tons of liellingham Bay coal at $12.50 per ton, and shipping it 
 to the Bay City in sailing ves.sels. 
 
 The British ship Ciomiha, Captain Nauuton, while loading spars in Mood's 
 C.iiial, listed over during a gale and sank. She was raised without much diffi- 
 cuUv by Captain Blinn, but before getting away with her freight was purchased 
 by Captain Stamp of the Barclay Sound Mills, Her cargo cost originally about 
 53,600, and it brought fifteen thousand pounds in Spain. It included a flagpole 
 one lunulred and fifty feet long, which Stamp sent as a sample of the timber 
 grown in Northwestern forests. The ves.sel was afterward renamed and ended 
 her days as the Somass, In the fall the bark Glimpse" ran aground near the 
 entrance to Victoria harbor and was sold to Henry Roeder, who repaired her 
 at Port Ludlow and operated her for a short time afterward. Among the coasters 
 of former years still running between San Francisco and northern ports were 
 the Ork, Live Yankee, What Cheer, Colonist, Langley, Persevere, Manliist and 
 S'lihumkeag. An important addition to the fleet was the bark Industry,^' which 
 arrived from New York in command of Paul Corno, with general merchandise 
 for Portland. The .schootier Faraxiay."' Capt. George Trofutter, made a record for long passages, being out forty 
 days from Astoria for Yaquina, and finally putting back to the starting point. 
 
 A good-sized vessel, the brig Arago, was launched at Coos Bay. She was liiiilt at North Bend for 
 A. M. Simpson by a man named McDonald and entered the coasting trade, which she followed for several years. 
 With the exception of the steamers previou.sly mentioned this was the most important craft built in the Northwest 
 in 1S59. 
 
 The boiler of the C"ij/<'(i'i'«/(/ exploded November 2, 1859, while on a trip from Victoria to Kraser River, 
 killing the fireman, Charles Green, and injuring Engineer Allen, Fireman Riley, Thomas Burrell, Thomas 
 Alexander and Joe Lewis. Capt. James C. Halsey and five others escaped unhurt. The steamer was badly 
 
 '■■ Capt. William J. WooiUey was bom in I'roviitence, R. I., in 1S25, anil coinnieneuil sailing; on lliu .Mlaiitic in iSj;, reniainiii); 
 ill tin; co.istiiij,' traile for nine years unil then sailing in deep-water ships nntil 1S49, when he came to tlie I'luific and purchased the 
 steamer .S"i« Juan, with which he traded along the southern coast. He then spent two years in the mines, and in 1S52 took 
 cunmmnd of the schooner Sierra Nevada, whicli he ran to the .Sandwich Islaiiils, hut, finding it impossihle to linilil up a profitable 
 irailc, Iclt that route and took charge of the brig il'yandolle, sailing to Humboldt for three years and then selling her in Valparaiso 
 ill iSsb. The next two years he spent in the brig Gcori^c Emery, plying to ilnmholdt, Coos Hay and the Cohimbia River, and in 
 1S5S he ])urchased an inierest in the bark Fanny Major, ojieratiug her in the I'uget Sound and Mexican trade. Since that time he 
 has been running North on the Janelle, schooner Dashazvay, brigs f/idalxo, Colorado and ll'itlinianlii. When the steamer 
 Olynifiiii was placed on the Humboldt route, he joined her as pilot with Captain Thorn. Since 1S7S he has remained ashore the 
 greater part of the time, and is at l)resent living in San I'rancisco. 
 
 'The brig -SViJ Nympli, which arriveil at Victoria this year, was twelve months on the way out from Iviigland. The 
 e.iplaiu and both of his mates drank heavily during the voyage, and they coasteil all the way out, in order not to lose 
 lli.niselves. When olT the coast of Mexico the passengers ilecided to relieve them of further responsibility and turned the 
 navigation of the ship over to a lawyer named Courtney. He maile a very fair success of the business, bringing her safely into 
 the Straits, where she was met by a pilot. The owners of the vessel presented Courtney with his passage money, and I.loyds also 
 reineinbered him substantially, h'rom \'ictoria the brig went to Port Gamble for a cargo of lumber, anil while there the captain 
 liail all attack of the "tremens" anil shot himself in his cabin. The bark was then purchased by Capt. .\. S. Murray for fS.ooo, 
 and he loaded his new steamboat for the Antipodean rivers and started on his long voyage, a crowd of his friends going out to 
 Ks({iiiiiialt to see him off. 
 
 'The bark CHimpse was built at Newbury, N. V., in 1S56. After being released from the rocks at Clover Point she was jml 
 iu llie coasting Irtide, following it for thirteen years. Ill i.S7,i she was purchased by Henderson it Mcl'arlane of New Zealand and 
 registered under the British flag. They paid |i 2,000 for the vessel and operated her three or four years in the intercolonial traffic. 
 She was next sold to J. M. Dargaville, who ran her two years in the China trade anil then sold her to Stone Bros., Dunedin, New 
 Zealand. The new owners sailed her in the .-Vustralia and I'uget Soiiiul Inniber business, where she coiiliuned until i,S8i, when she 
 fouiiikred 240 miles off the coast of .Australia, while en route from I'liget Sound to Mell urne. The captain, his son, two mates and 
 tile ludk were drowned. 
 
 'The bark Industry, which arrived this year, was built at Stockton, Me., in I.HjS, by her master, Paul Corno, who had sailed 
 tile ■'(■liooner Susan .-Ibi^at for a time and made a great deal of money. I-imling this vessel too small, he wert I-iast and secured 
 the tndustry. With him as mate came M. I). St.iples, who afterward became a well known bar pilot and tng'x.atman. Corno did 
 a thriving business until the industry w.as lost on the bar in 1865 (see wreck of Industry, KS65) She was a smart sailer of about three 
 liiui'hecl tons, with the following dimensions : length, one hundred and eight feet ; beam, twenty seven feet; and ten feet six inches 
 'lepili of hold. In her day she was looked upon as a good-sized vessel for the port of I'ortland, and in mentioning her return from a 
 trip 111 1S64 the Oregonian says : " She came well freighted, and under the skillful nianageiiienl cf I'ilot Gilman had no difliculty 
 in entering the Wibamette, drawing twelve feet." 
 
 "The Faraway, built at K.ssex, Conn., in 1,848, was one of the smallest s'-hooncrs that came out from the Kast before the 
 peoiile on this coast began to build their own vessels. She was sixty-seveu feet long, twenty feet beam, and six feet five inches 
 hold, registering seventy-seveu tons. 
 
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 ieif/s 4 Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwust 
 
 ill 
 
 wrecked ami drifted helplessly in the Rulf for twenty-eight hours liefore she finally went ashore near Orcas Islainl. 
 The hull was afterward repaired and the craft (lut in commission, hut a few ycirs later another holier gave wiiv, 
 abruptly terminating the career of this pioneer. 
 
 The small schooner A'i>sf o/' /.ii>ii;/< y foundered in the Straits of Fnca, February 2jd, and Alcxan<ler Hume 
 and James Marshall were drowned. The schooner Kainhlcr, Capt. A. J. Tuthill, sailed from Neah IJay, December 
 2 1 St. consigned to William !•". Walton & Co., San I'ratici.sco, with a cargo of oil, peltries, etc, which she h.id 
 secured in a trading voyage north. No trace of the crew, consisting of four mcTi, was ever found, but the ve.sscl 
 came ashore a few miles below the mouth of the Columbia during the following March. 
 
 The northern Indians, who two years before had murdered ex-Collector of Customs I. N. Hl)ey, were guilty uf 
 another dastardly crime in 1H59, destroying two schooners and mas.sacring their crews. The A'/«c //Vw.i,', owned 
 by Ivrnest Schroter of Steilacoom, and the A/Aw .Waii'd. Captain Mclleiirie, left Steilacoom for I'ort Townsend. 
 January 2,sth, and for months no trace of them could be discovered. In Ajiril an Indian reported at Steilacomn 
 that a small ves.sel had been destroyed at Vashon Island and her crew killed ; this rumor was followed up 
 until the particulars of the horrible affair came to light. As the /l/ur IF/«c was passing the north end of X'ashon 
 I.sland she was attacked by a party often Indians and five scpiaws, who murdered the crew and plundered and 
 scuttled the schooner. They afterward attacked the /Mii .JAina, and Captain McHenrie ordered them away as 
 they attempted to boanl the vessel, and when they refused to leave fired on them, killing a brother of Mydah 
 Jim, the leader of the pirates, and wounding another Indian, The savages retreated, but returned at midnight 
 while the schooner was lying at anchor, murdered all hands and burned the .schooner. Another Indian 
 outrage, which fortunately did not result in loss of life, was perpetrated on the brig Su'/ss Hoy. The vessel, in 
 command of Captain Weldon, .sailed from Port Orchard for San h'ranci.sco, January 2.Sth. sprung a leak Jaiuiary 
 31st, and put into Nitnat Sound intending to beach and repair. The next day she was boarded by .several hundreil 
 Indians, who stripped every particle of rigging from the ves.sel, .sent the mainmast over the side, pillaged llie 
 cabin and robbed the sailors of their clothing. The entire crew were held prisoners for .several days, but finally 
 escaped and reached Victoria on the schooner .Uoniiiii; S/m; Capt. Hugh McKay. H. M. S. Salel/ile. which was 
 lying at IJs([uimalt at the time, was sent to punish the miscreants. Some of the plunder was recovered, and the 
 chief was arrested and taken to \'ictoria, much to the surprise of the natives, who had entertained the belief that 
 the "George's men," as they called the Ivnglish, would be much jileased to have them do away with a " Hostoii 
 ship." Captain Prevost gave ' Uem some emphatic warnings against a repetition of the offen.se, and after a 
 short term in the Victoria jail the chief was permitted to depart. 
 
 The American clipper ship Northern luigle, a Newbur>'port vessel of 664 tons register, in command of 
 Capt. Thomas McKinney, came into Ivsqnimalt from San Francisco, September 21st, with about twenty tons of 
 miscellaneous freight for Victoria, intending to discharge the next day and go to one of the Sound ports for 
 lumber. That night she caught fire, was burned to the water's edge, nothing being saved from the wreck. 11 
 was surmised that the crew had a hand in the application of the torch, but it was not proved, and they returned 
 to San Francisco on one of the ocean steamships. The bark Mary /•'. Sladt\ which had been added to the Halch 
 & Webber line of packets during the year, was wrecked near Cape Mendocino, September 6tli. She was en roiilc 
 to San Francisco from Steilacoom with a cargo of lumber, and was thrown on the beach in thick weather by a 
 tremendous swell. The crew escaped, but the vessel was a total loss. 
 
 Paramount to all other marim enterprises which had been projected in the Northwest was the formation of 
 the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, which, from the date of its inception in 1.S60, was a numey-maker, and 
 in a very few years the small fleet of what, in this day and age, would be called insignificant steamers, swelled 
 into proportions that made that company the financial wonder of the generation in which it flourished. The 
 original fleet was succeeded by magnificent ocean steamships and palatial river and sound steamers, any one 
 of which cost more than the value of the entire fleet at the time of the organization of the company. Skillful 
 management of the grand opportunities for busine.ss on the waterways of the Northwest accumulated the money 
 with which one of the best paying railroad properties in the world was constructed. Nearly all of the pioneer 
 steamboatmen of the Columbia and Willamette were interested to some extent in the Oregon Steam Navigation 
 Company, but probably more credit is due to Jacob Kamm and Capt. J. C. Ainsworth'" than to the others who 
 
 ''Capt. J. C. Aiiisworlli was Imrii in .Si)rinKt)oroiigli, Warren Cininty, Ohio, June 6, I.S22, ami on tlie Mississippi Rivir 
 received his first lessons in the profession wliioli atlerward niaile hiiM raiiions. .After lieconiiiig of age, he rose (piickly to the positimi 
 of i)ilot. anil subse(|ueiilly to that of master on a passenger steamer plying between St. Louis and np-river points. It was wliile 
 in this service that he first heard of the Kold discoveries in California ami of the wonderful pi)ssil>ilities for labor ami capit li 
 in that faraway land. He journeyed to San I'rancisco in i.S^i) with William C. Ralston, and soon after his arrival went to Orej^oii i" 
 take command of the Lot Whilcotiib. His life in the Northwest from this lime until he retired tiearly tliirty years afttrwanl 1^ 
 inseparably associated with the marine pursuits with which this history deals, and to his thoroughly practical knowletlge of all "t" 
 tlie details of steamboating aiul his rare business judgment was due the marvelous success achieved bv the great transi>ortaliiMi 
 company, in which he was the leading s])int from the lime of its inception until it was finally merged into the Oregon Kailw:iv 
 it Navigation Company. While Captain .-Vinsworth made for himself a reputation as a remarkable fiimncier among the nioni \' 
 kings ou both sides of the continent, yet lie always remaiueil a firm friend of the laboring classes. Retrenchment, with him, 
 never commenced with the reduction of salaries, and haggling over a few dollars with this or that man was a polic>' he despise!. 
 "Ciivc the boys good salaries" was a sentiment which he always expressed, and the "boys," since grown gray in laboring I' r 
 less appreciative masters, will never forget the kind-hearted employer who apj)reciated gootl service and acknowledged it in t 
 substantial manner. As an indication of the regard in which Captain Ainsworth was held by the people of the upper country, fp'ia 
 whom much of the revenue of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company was derived, an extract from an article published in T! - 
 Dalles Inland Empire after Aiusworlb had retired is herewith given : " He has been at all times a gentlemanly public servant, 1 
 
f4 
 
 The Oregon Steam Navigation Company, Growth of British Columbia' Marine Industries 
 
 9« 
 
 wvm connected witli the company at the start. Soon after llie ( \iriii- l.udd was built, Kanini and Ainsworth met 
 111 San Francisco, and while there discnssed the sitivition in Oregon. Kamm had the mail contract on the Oregon 
 Cily route, and his other partners, Ahernethy ^i Clark, had the handling of a large amount of freight. The 
 n-iill of this consultation was a decision to attempt the consolidation of all of the steamboat interests under one 
 ni.iiiiigenient, in order to reduce the exi)ense of operation and at the same time enable them to necure better rates. 
 K.iiiun. Ainsworth and Gilinan controlled the steamers Carrie l.iuid, Jiiiiiif Clark and /\\ffris.<, and the first 
 move was to charter the SeTiorila and the Mounlain /link: This gave tluiii practically the control of 
 ti.itisportalion facilities on the Columbia and Willamette, an agreement having been made with Capt. Richard 
 Ilii\ t (if the Miilhiomah that he should have the Astoria route as long as he wanted it. 
 
 All of the important details having been perfected, tue pool known as the L'nion Transportation Company 
 vas .succeeded by the Oregon Steam TJavigalion Company. Ah will l)e seen, Kamm, Ainsworth and their 
 .i^Miciates had tlie arrangements in good working order below the Cascades from the begiiniing, and with little 
 (lilluiiUy the steamers Mary anil /faisalo on the middle river were brought into line, while a few on the lower 
 river of lesser im|>ortance, like the liidepiiidiiue, were either coaxed or whipped in. completing the monopoly as far 
 ii). as The I'alles. Aliove this point Thompson iS: Coe. with the ( 'olouil W'rii^ht, were enjoying a monopoly of their 
 HUM, which was paying dividends of a magnitude never equaled by a .steamboat before or since; and, as the rush to 
 the interior had already .set in, they realized that they were in a position to dictate terms to the big corporation 
 iliiwii the stream; for, at the best, it would be many months before the Oregon Steam Navigation Company could 
 eipiip a steamer to run on the ujiper river. A generous allowance having been made for the advantages held by 
 llic up-river men, they were finally induced to consolidate, and on December jy, rsrio, the Oregon Steam 
 Niivigatioii Company was incorporated at Vancouver under the laws of Washington Territory with the following 
 named shareholders, each subscribing the amount of stock set opposite their names: I,. W. Coe, fm shares; 
 R. R. Thomp.son, un; J. C. Ainsworth, 40; T. W. Lyles, 76; A. H. Barker, V' : Josiah Myrick, 12: C. W. 
 P.ipo, 4 : Jacob Kamm, 57 : J. M. Oilman. 4 ; George W. Hoyt, ,^ ; I.add vS: Tilton, ,So : J. W. l.add, 4 ; S. G. 
 Rial. ."1: Henjamin Start. 19; Richard Williams, 7 ; total, 542 shares. The superior value of that portion of the 
 Miw line owned by Thompson & Coe was recognized by giving them a nuich larger block of the stock than any 
 other faction. Ladd it Tilton, the bankers, had rendered some financial assistance to the owners of the steamers 
 Mciintain liitck and SeTiorila, and in this way secured an interest in the corporation in which the senior member of 
 the banking firm afterward became quite a power. Two years after the WasMngton organization it was 
 incorporated under the Oregon laws, with head(|uarlers at Portland, October liS, i,s62. The ca|)ital stock was 
 placed at $2,000,000, divided into 4,000 shares, owned as follows : Itradford & Co., 738 shares ; R. K. Thompson, 
 '17.' ; Harrison Olmstead, 55*^ ; Jacob Kamm, ,VS4 : !<■ W. Coe, t,;-,(i ; T. W'. Lyles, 210 ; J. C. Ainsworth, 18.S ; 
 A. H. Barker, 160; S. G. Reed, I2,S ; I.add & Tilton, 7.S ; Josiah Myrick, 66; Richard Williams, 4S : A. N. 
 Orenzebach, 52 ; J. W. Ladd, 4,8 ; J. M. Oilman, 44 ; 1'. I". Doland, 42 ; Iv. J. Weeks, 42 ; S. G. Reed, agent, 40 ; 
 j. W. I<ad(l. 40; Joseph Bailey, 36; O. Humason, 34; J. S. Ruckel, 24; George W. Iloyl, i.S ; Ladd & Tilton, 
 I'l; J. H. Wliittle.sey, .S. The achievements of the Oregon .Steam Navigation Company from this period until 
 it was finally merged into the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company form an important portion of the marine 
 lii--tory of the Northwest, and will receive due mention in the chronicles which follow. It immediately entered 
 upon a career of marvelous prosperity, which never (lagged from the time of its inception, and the company 
 continued to grow in influence and wealth until, from the humble beginning made by the insignificant 
 sterr.wheelers like the Carrie I. add, the Oregon Steam Navigation Company and its successors had become a 
 IKiwer in the money centers of two continents. Whatever may be said about the monopolistic features of the 
 corporation, the fact remains that no similar company ever existed which was so successful in keeping the 
 good will of the people. No worthy traveler was ever refused passage on the Oregon Steam Navigation 
 Company's steamers becau.se he happened to be penniless, and many a man was not only carried free but was given 
 
 l.iilhful custdiliaii of Ihc iiilerusls of liis lellow slotkliolclcrs, ami the most ei|iiital>lv ami iiiercilul of employiTS. Ill tiiii; lie lias liccii 
 ;i nooil frieiiil to friciiils ami a sleiii foe to enemies. His liroacl sense of jusliee lias iiiaile liiiii llie ohjei-t of an almost filial 
 ilvi^rec of ftfleclion from liis em|ik)yees, ami, to his saj^acilv in making three voluntary reductions of frei^^ht rates without 
 (■iiiupiilsioii in five years' lime, the Krowlli ami eNpausioii of the eastern empire are larjjely attrihiitahle" Captain .Vinsworth's 
 fricuilsliip for his early companion, \V. 0. Kalstou, laslcil until the tra;;ic ileatli of the faimms hanker, ami in this coniieclion the 
 l,illi)win(i story was told ill the San I'rancisco ExiiiiiiHti : " When Captain .\iiisHnrth and \V. C. Kalstim arrived in California they 
 separated, Ralston remainiii).; in San I'rar.cisco to eiinane in the hankiii;; liiisines> with Va\\.. lie Kelly, while Captain .\iiisworlli went 
 t(i OrcHoii ami he^'an steamhoaliiiH on the Willainelte Uiver. Ivich was successful, and one day .\iiis\vortli saw a chance to increase 
 lii'^ forliiue if he could liecome possesseil of Ji.io.iHjii in cash. lie wanted that aiuouut very badly, so he went to San l''rancisco 
 and c.dled on his old friend, \V. C. Kalstou, for assistance. The details of the plan were outlined and the necessary money was 
 pniiiiptly advanced on a sixty-ilay note. When Mr. Kelly returneil fnmi a trip liast, he looked over the alTairs of the inslitutioii 
 and noted this transaction. He was much displeaseil with the loan and insisted upon its immeiliale recall, Ralston defemled 
 Ills action warmly hut ntisuccessfully, and some words passed hclween the partners. In the meantitne .Miisworth had ^oiie to 
 Orhoii, and the cnstonmry notice was del.iyed until the sailin;,' of the next steamer, .\iiiswortli coucludeil the deal, cleaned 
 U|i soiiiethiii(! ''l^o :f 100,000 and starteil llie borrowed money homeward within a few days, and the vessel which carried the recall 
 passed the luouey on its way to the hank. This transaction so an^;ered Ralston that he witlnlrew from the partnership and 
 opened tile Hank of California." Before retiring from the OruKon Steam Navifjation Company. Captain .\inswortli investeil largely 
 in real estate in Tacoma, and was ])roniineiitly identified with the construction of the Northern I'acilic lielween the Columbia 
 Kivir and I'uget Sound. In i.SSo he removed to Oakland, Cat., where he became interested in local baiikiii);. and suhseiiuently 
 eNjioiteil the famous watering-place at Redondo Meacli, expending uearlv J^.ihmi.ikx) in transfoi niing it i.ito one of the finest 
 sii-ide resorts on the Pacific Coast. Captain .-Musworth died at his home near Oakland, Deceniher VL '^9,?. ''"'l few if any of 
 till, pioneers in the tnarlne business of the Northwest have left a record which will prove more lasting or more creditable. 
 
 f • I r;,ii| 
 
 I ■'. 
 
 It 
 
 'i 
 
 1 ' 
 
 I I 
 
 I 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 i i 
 
f 
 
 9> 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 his nteflls ns well, No ironclnd rules prevented the pursers from usiiiH their own discretion in cases where ,iii 
 appeal to head(|uartors was temporarily out of the i|Ucstion, and no injustice was tolerated liy the mauaKcnU'iii 
 The first serious attempt at op|>osition encountered by the Oregon Steam Navigation Company was from the olil 
 steamer /ii/i'a, which was l)rought around from the Sound, hut was temporarily disposed of with a subsidy ami 
 afterward Imught outright. Colonel Kuckel built the /ifd/io on the middle river, but she was promptly absorbiil, 
 and opposition in this section ceased for <iuite a while. Jacob Kamm was appninted chief engineer of the company 
 and during his ri\'iuie the steamers '/'<»ino, ()kiiHi>i;tni, W'lh/oot. Cflilo and (hiioiiltt were constructed. Capt. 
 Lawrence Coe was appointed manager at The Dalles, and in iH6^ went Ivast and purchased the bark \V. .1 . /iaiii,, 
 loading her with railroad iron and material for the portage railroad, among the cargo being two locomotives. 
 Soon after his return, Coe sold his interests and went to San Francisco, where he has since resided. The new 
 company entered business under very favorable auspices. Ivarly in its existence the Salmon River gdld 
 excitement brought a horde of miners into the country, and the Oregon Steam Navigation Company reaped inoie 
 of a golden harvest in transporting them than any of the trea.sure-seekers secured from the mines. Tlie wondLrlul 
 resources of the new Northwest were now beconung known as they had never been before, and the tide of 
 immigration set in full and strong. 
 
 While the organization of the Oregon Steam Navigation Com|)any late in the year was the most important 
 event of i860, the Willamette River boats and a few others whose owners did not immediately join their fortunes 
 with the big corporation continued to find plenty of Imsiness. The steamers (>«?i'(jn/, A'l/i'r/, Siir/>r/sf aiu\ lUk 
 were rumiing on the Willamette, with Theodore Wygant as Portland 
 agent for all of them, while Captain Hoyt and his Miitlnomah 1 
 remained undisturbed in the Astoria trade. The /•Express, in com- 
 mand of Capt. James Strang,'" was on the Oregon City route, con- 
 necting with the Yamhill river steamer /niiits Clinlon. .She met 
 with disaster in the spring, sinking near Oswego, but was afterward 
 rai.sed with little difficulty and continued on the run. Steam vessels 
 had been plying the waters of the Willamette and Columbia for 
 fully a decade, when, in i860, a genius at Corvallis decided that 
 they were too expensive to operate, so he rigged a craft with tread- 
 mill machinery, and cattle and hay for motive power. Coming down 
 stream on the first trip, the vessel ran or rather walked ashore at 
 McGooglin's Slough, where she rciuained until the cattle had devoured 
 nearly all the fuel. She was finally pulled off by the steamer Onwarii 
 and paddled on down to Canemah, but did not have sufficient power 
 to return, and the skipper was obliged to .sell his oxen, and the scow 
 subsequently went over the falls. This method of competing with 
 steamboats has not been tried since. The steamer A'mi/ was built at 
 Oregon City by Capt. George Pease, who was her first master. A.sso- 
 ciated with him were the Dements of Oregon City. She was started 
 on the route between that point and Portland, with the announcement 
 that she had come to stay and keep the rates down, and was not put 
 on with a view to being bought or run off, and her owners were 
 willing to make long-time contracts at the rate of $2 per ton for 
 freight and 50 cents per head for pa.s.setigers between terminal points. 
 from Oregon City to Vancouver, carrving 700 passengers, a load which Captain Pea.se stated kept him breathiiij.; 
 hard from the time he started until he saw them safely ashore. Captain Pease .sold his interest in the A'/;v//, 
 two months after her completion, to Capt. J. T. Apperson, and from his hands she pa.ssed into the possession ol 
 the People's Transportation Company. The kind of freight handled a third of a century ago is shown in tlic 
 following copy of the steamer's manifest, February 4, 1.S61 : " 315 boxes of apples, 27 packages produce, 29 l)oxi> 
 eggs and butter, ,^i sacks and 66 cases of bacon, 6 packages furs, i case fruit trees, 2 bales merchandise, lu 
 coops chickens." While in the service of the People's Transportation Company, the A'iid/ was in comniaii.l 
 of Capt. E. W. Baughman most of the time, and during her last days was used as a spare boat, to take the phui- 
 of the Sciialor on the Oregon City route. The dimensions of the steamer were : length, 1 10 feet ; beam, 24 feet . 
 depth, 4 feet 8 inches. 
 
 The steamer Idaho, still running on Puget Sound, has probably retained her original shape longer aiul 
 seen more years of actual .service than any inland steamer that ever ran in the Northwest. She was constructed ;U 
 
 '"C.ipt. James Strang was born in Carlton, 111., April 28, i.Sj6, and began steamboat ing on tlie Missis.sippi at a very early a^i. 
 He came to llie I'acitic Coast in the fifties and entercil the service on the Oregon City route early in 1S57, running tlu 
 steamers Expyess HmXJt'HHit' Cim/c. From this position he went to the Oregon Steam Navigation Company and ran the steainir 
 Julia to the Cascades and the Ftiiiiiu' Troup on the Cowlitz line. He remained with the company many years, serving on sever ' 
 of tUeir steamers, and left their employ to t)ecome a branch pilot on the river, between Portland ami ,\storia. Ho continued in tl;ii 
 vocation until the time of his death, July 5, 1K90, when the genial old pilot passed away at his post on the bridge of the Cily <•' 
 lopeka, which he was taking down from Portland, He was in apparent good health up to the last moment, and had nearly t«achi^<l 
 Tongue Point above Astoria with the steamer when the summons came. 
 
 CAI'r. JAMKS SfKAMV 
 
 The Rival made her first trip July 4tli 
 
The Oregon Steam Navigation Company, Growth of British Columbia Marine Industries 
 
 93 
 
 I 
 
 htfamkh " Idaho" 
 Krcmt n photo taken on her thlrtirth tiirthdnv 
 
 till' Cnicaded in i860 for Col. John S. Riickel, and naturally fell into the hand.s of the OrcKoii Stenni Navigation 
 I'liiiipaiiv, for whom she proved very profitahle. She continued 011 the middle river Ioiik enough to wear out some of 
 tlif handsomer steamers like the IXthy .h'»suvrt/i and Oneonia, which were built with money earned by the Idaho, 
 and in iHHi she was piloted over the Cascades by Capt. James Troup, and, after l)eiug repaired and strengthened 
 lliiuiighoul, was sent around to Puget Sound the following year, where Capt. George I). Messegee was her first 
 ni.ister Slic was one of the pioneer Oregon Railway it Navigation Company's steamers on I'uget Sound, and 
 >tiviMl on the various routes from Olympia to Victori.t in a maimer fully as acceptable as that in which she had 
 IK'tlornRtl her duties on the placid waters of the Columbia. Dnritig the boom days she earned large profits, and 
 while on the middle river she was almost 
 
 ('(Jtitiiuioiisly in the command of Capt, John ^HP^'*'*°'''*"^''mi^^E '^H 
 
 MiNidty," but after going to the Souiiil was ^^^- ^^^^^B^ 
 
 III iliarne of nearly all <if the captains in the 
 sii vice 111 the company in that district. When 
 the riiion I'acific succecdeil the Oregon Rail- 
 way iS: Navigation Company, and Capt, H. F. 
 IVgram became superintendent of its water 
 lines, the Idaho was laid uj) Inr a while, and 
 iIkii sold to Captain Hastings, who had 
 aaiiied the Sound in charge of the whale- 
 luulc ( . //■ Witmoir. Captain Hastings had 
 piKir success, and it looked for a time as 
 tliiiii>;h the old ]>acket would h^.-ie her reputa- 
 tion as a nioneyniakur, but, when Capt. 1), H. 
 Jiuksoii organized the Northwestern Sleain- 
 slii]) Ciiinpany, he bought the Idaho and put 
 heron the Port Towtisend mail route, where 
 she is still ruiniing and making better time 
 than many steamers of less than one-third 
 Ikt age. The Idaho is a sidewheeler, one 
 luiiiilreil and forty-seven feet long, with twenty-six feet beam and six feet nine inches depth of hold, engines 
 sixtLcii by sixty inches. 
 
 The ocean steamships plying to the Columbia and Sound were the ('(»/(•?, Captain Dall ; xXyi: h'ortheiner, 
 Capt. W. I, .'Dall : the Oicgoii. Capt. William H. Hudson ; the Santa C111-. Captain Stajiles ; the Paiific, Captain 
 Patterson ; the Iholhir foiiathaii and the Paiiiiiiia. the latter nnining to the Sound 
 an<l Victoria for a portion of the year only. In November the i'a/iYor/i/a, in command 
 of Capt. R. Whiting, was operated on the Portland and San PVancisco route in opjio- 
 sition to the old line, with J. M. lircck, " who was purser on the Xoilhiimi when she 
 was lost, as Portland agent. 
 
 The growing importance of the \'ictoria district was recognized this year by 
 the a|)iiointnient of a Ciovernment inspector, or superintending engineer, as he was 
 
 #thei) called. Thomas Westcott was the first to occupy the position, receiving his 
 appointment in February, and on the seventh of that month the old steamer KIha 
 . hidiisoH headed the record of inspection. Mr. Westcott tested her boilers, sidyecting 
 them to a pressure of forty-five pounds, and allowed her a license to run for a period 
 of four months with a limit of thirty pounds of steam. The second steamer examined 
 was the lltniictla. a small sternwheeler, which made her trial trip January i^, i860, 
 but was not inspected until .some weeks later. The hull was built l)y William Moore 
 in 1.S59, but through a delay in receiving the machinery her completion was delayed. 
 The llinriilta was seventy-six feet long, with engines .S x 26 inches. She was 
 tonimandei' by her owner and his son when she commenced running on the Fraser, but Capt. Asoury Insley,"' 
 
 'Capt. John McNiilty was Imrii in I>nl>lin, Irelanil, March 21, i,S^o. When n boy lie went to sea, and after sailing all over 
 Ihf wnrld landiMl iti Porllatid in I.H52, and on arriv.'ii hej^an stiMunhoating on the old Fn^hioti. In l,S6() he rt'inoved to The 
 Dalles, and for o\er a ejiiarter of a centnr\' ran the ()rej,;oti .Steam Navigation Conip.'iny and Orejjon Railway vS: Navigation Company 
 liuats hclween there and the Cascatles. His career lias heeti exeeedin^ly fortiniate and .sinj^iilarly free from accidents. While 
 ill Uii- (iri-noii Railway it Navigation Company's employ he piloted .lie A'. A'. Thompson over the Cascailes and also hronKlit over 
 till- lar^f wharf lioat which has been in use for so many years at Alhina. 
 
 "John M. Hreck was born in I'hiladelphia, Ajiril ii), iSj.S, and came to this Coast in the early fifties as pnrser on the old 
 Co'unihia, the second steamship built for the California ami ( Ire^on trade. Ill 1.S52 he boiiKlit an interest in the steamer Miittnoinah, 
 and was connected with varions river boats ntitil i.S6(), when lie acceplcil a )iositioii as pnrser on the steamship Xoiiliti iiii . riiiininf{ 
 lu'lvifcn .San I'rancisco, Portland atnl Ptinel Sound. After the wreck of the .Vor/hinni in Jannary, 1S61, he was apjiointed a^jent of 
 tli( I'.icilic Mail Steamship Company at I'ortland, of which city lie is still a resident, and afterward represented Ilolladay iS; Flint. 
 
 ■' Cai)t. Asbnri Insley, one of the first navigators on the I'raser River, was born in Delaware ill 1S29 and comnienceil goiiiK 
 to sea when a boy, ninninj^ on schooners ill the (tiilf of Mexico. He next Joined a Havana packet out of New York, remaining 
 with her nmil 1S4S, when he began deep-water sailing. He was cast away in the Mediterranean in 1S49, ami in 1850 came round to San 
 
 fi 
 
 ■\-' 
 
 Cait. John MtNrr.i*\ 
 
 i' 
 
 It-- s 
 
 :'!•■ !;■ 
 
il 
 
 94 
 
 Lvwii 4 Dr^den'a Murine History of the Pacific Sorthwent 
 
 >t1IN M IIUKI K 
 
 Chnrles Ntillnnl, Ni'il HiilK'ii im<l Janien OernUl nflcrwnrd nc(|iiiri-il an intiTt-st in ilit vi;>«:l, and liwli-y MUciTedid 
 Moore as cnptain. 
 
 t'ndaiititi'd l)y liir wiinlit of years, llic sU-aincr liiaver a)i|it.-nri'il in \\ \\v\s role lliis ytar, living fillMl 
 with staUrooins and opiralfd liclwiiMi X'iclorin and Nanaiino as a iiassinniT ^U•aInl•r. Tlii' /«//<i had rvturiii .1 
 from hor highly sni'ivssfiil viiiturc on iho Cohiinliia Kivvr, and made sevrral trips 
 iKJlween N'ictoria ntid Sonnd ])orts in oomtniind ol Captain Hnslmdl. There was 
 vlKorouH opposition <m the N'ietoria and New Westminster route in tile fail when the 
 steamers Wilson (1. I/kiiI a\\i\ the Hudson's Hay steamer Otifr were pitted against 
 eaeh other, and p.isseiimr and frei^jht rati s snfTenil airordinnly. Tlie ( (i/ii/,<>ii,i, 
 whieli ha<l lieen reliuilt sinee lur explosion the previous year, was also running to 
 the I'raser. In ,*septeml)er Capt. C T. Millanl Inuuihed the steamer //(•/>(, a stcrn- 
 wheeler, iis feet lon>!. at N'ietoria. and put her oii the I'raser Kiver. The steamer 
 Idiilw. or, as she was afterward called, the Foil )'i>l<\ was set afloat at Victoria, 
 (K'tolier lilh. ."^he was huilt li> Capt. .'smith Jamieson, a hrotlur of the Jamiesons 
 of Willamette Kiver f.une, and henau running in November on the I'Va^er. contiiuiinn 
 there until April, isin, when she came to a siuhlen end hy the (irst serious boiler 
 explosion which had occurred in the i)rovince (see explosion of I'i'il )'<>/<■, i,s6i). 
 The .steamer w.is i i.i feet lon^. a feet beam, ) leet hold, with i ( x i( inch cUKines, 
 and a sternwlieel I'l feet in diameter. 
 
 The steam tun A'iiiiX(> A'l'. .', which had arrived the preceding year, found 
 plenty of business jobbing around the Souu<l and towiun vessels, which appeared in considerable nnndiers there 
 and in British Columbia waters. As N'ictoria was the most important port north of the Columbi.i Kivir, vessels 
 
 with even a portion of a cargo went there first, and after discharging returiieil 
 to the American side and loaded lumber. .Anioiig the coasting fleet in this trade 
 were the barks (iioixf K'icll, Captain Keiini ; 11. M. Hull, Captain Hlake : 
 ('/i(>/><i/rii. Captain D.iggett; .l/iiKi/iii. Cajitaiii Richardson : Cluiitcs /hviiit. 
 Captain Ilovey ; <iM/i/iii/,i.Cn\<[. Kiown : /.i'i'u,'.iii. Captain Davis; (i/iiiif>si\ 
 Captain (love; Ariliitid, Captain linn; .\iiu I'tii-y. Captain Ciiun; \'iikii\\ 
 Captain Callot ; Mmi,, Captain Thin ; Ihiniil W'lhitii, Cajitaiu Staiinard ; A'. .S. 
 I'll kins, Captain Hunker; U'ii:r/i/, Captain Powell ; . hiiiis/iir. Cajitain Richard- 
 son; /, //, /.nil/ and Coiislitntion. Captain Foster; .lud the brig /. .S. in/w/. 
 Captain I)ry<len. ' I-'oreign vcs.sels to X'ictoria and thence to the .Sound were llie 
 b.irk Sii/ci/(<> . Captain Slocoinl), from .Shanghai ; the ships . ttlu/slniit' and //colliir 
 lull,, from I.oudoii ; II, bf. Captain Harrison; l\,d Koici, Captain Cummiiigs; 
 l.iiu<oii. Captain Watts, from China; the barks h'alliliin, Captain I'lint ; //\ad\ 
 Capt.iiii M.iyliew; Jiiinic Ford, Captain Matches; and ship Ccon^iaiia, from the 
 Sandwich Islands. Local schooners on the Sound and out of \"ictoria, some nl 
 which made occasional trips to San p'rancisco, were the (iivulir. wliicli John 
 M. I/ett had built for Cajitain Harrington in i.Ssij; the Hhui,- l^iitiiioinl. Captain 
 AUe; /■'"/ //ii/i('. Captain I'orresl ; ,SV/ii,i//;/i,'- .S'Afr, Captain Hoyling ; .///>//((, Captain Walker ; M(i; .l/c/v/Aw, Captain 
 Klger'; llliinl. Captain liaker ; ' I'ilol, Captain Hanson; I'iIhI, Captain Taylor; Pollci , Captain Harwood, and ii 
 
 C.\rl .\mirK\ l.^sl.l 
 
 r; 
 
 l*iitncisi'<> HI till' sliip l,'<'ii//>,ii. Ill' spent several years in llie Calilornia jiold mines, ami. wlieti the I'raser Kiver ili>i>;in^H were tir^i 
 hearii of, he saileil lur the north. On arriving at Wliati'om he seciireil h lioat ami starleil for Vale and en>;anecl in freij^litinn, earriini^ 
 sniiplies lielween Hone ami Vale. .\ year of this Ijnsiness enal)leil him, with L'liarles MilKinl, Neil linlleii ami James t'leralil, 1" 
 seenre the steamer l/i'n /VYA'. wliiih they operated for al)onl two years. Tliev then honnht the steamer ( \il,\l,>iii,i ami ran her Iron; 
 Victoria lo .S'ew Westminster. The steamer //i'/k' was their next venture. She was nseil hetween Hope ami Vale, ami Inslev ".i~ 
 on o,ie or the other of the hoats all of the time. In iSiiJ he sold his share in tlie lli>f>r to Millanl ,in(i pniehased an interest in tin- 
 Fl villi; Pill, hill, III witli William Moore, aetiiif; as ea)>tHin for a while. He was afterward eonneeted with the linildiiiH of the . I/,a,iii 
 ,lii,i, whieh he ran until she met with llnaneial dillicnlties. iMoni the . Ilr \,iii,lii,i he went to the l.illo,!. remaining with this vessi ; 
 for a nnmlier of years. lie lell her to yo on the Sliekeen River for a season, and from the Stiekeen retnnied to Vietoria and litii . 
 onl the l\o\;il City, operatini; her ahont three years. lie was also on the (hihoid for a while with L'a|il. William Irvinj;, ami alu i 
 Irvine's ileath eotnniinded the boat, lie also served on the A',-li,iii,,\ ll'i/li,iiii Irviiii;. A'. /'. h'illul, l),i,i:,;ii,\ and other steamers 
 
 ■'^Cn])l. C. r. Dryden was one of the best known of the jiioneer sailiti); masters on the Sonnd, He was horn in I't'iinsvlvani 
 in iSi ^ and came to California in 1^44, entering the eoastiii)' trade soon after his arrival. In iSho lie went to Coos Hay ami for ,1 
 short time had iliarne of .Simpson's Inn l-'iii r/fss . He afterward rclurneil to the sailiiiK vessels, and continned in the service up t ■ 
 the time of his death in 1S71. 
 
 ■'John .M. I/elt of Oak Harbor was born in Scotland in iS^i, and served an apprenticeslii|)asship carpenter, and at ei^hteei 
 vears of a^e was followiii),; the sea in that capacity, finally reaching .San I'rancisco in i.S^j on the bark M,'ll,iii. He came to I'n>;i 
 Sound in 1S51 ami workeil as foreman for Thoniiison, C.'imono ^S; tirennan of t'tsalady, .and afterward carried on an exjiress bnsinc..- 
 011 the Sonnd. In is.sv he constructed the famous schooner (iioi^lfr for Capt. I'd liarrin.i.;ton, and followed ship•lMlildill^; mil: 
 I.S73, when he relireil to a farm. 
 
 "Capt. J. N. Haker was born in Ontario, Canada, in iSj.|, When a boy of thirteen he commenced his marine career on I.al.' 
 I-'rie, receivinj^ master's piipers jit the a^e of twi'iity-one. He adecl as first mate on different vessels for eighteen years, but, beconiin', 
 disHiistcd with continued ill luck, went to .\nstralia in |H,S7 and en>,'aj,'ed in mining. I'roni there he sailed on a vessel bonnd for tb 
 Hast Indies and China, and two years afterwanl shippecl for Boston, where he arrived in 1S59. In i.Soo he made a secoinl voyage 1' 
 San h'rancisco, and spent the next three years as mate ami master on lumber vessels. He w.-is <ni the schooner lUttiit two \eai- 
 also on the /('. //. Mevin, and dnriiiK this period took the bark l',iliiiell,', owned by the Western I'liion Telegraph Company, aronr' 
 to New Vork. .Xftcr this service he entered the employ of the Hellin^liani Hay Coal Company, reiiiaiiiin)> with them for einb 
 
1 
 
 ••3 
 
 ^ 
 
 The Oregon Stram Navif/.itinn Cnmpnny, Growth nf Britinh Cnlumbh Marim< InrliiHtrlf^ 
 
 95 
 
 no'f 'I iitliiTs li'ss well kiKiwn. Kt'^'il'ir liiii-rs in tlu' i-fi:i-tiiiK iradu wiTi' tlu' liark* 0'///«^ir, wliicli liiid ln'iii 
 rillf 'I Nliii'f luT iiiisli:i|i cil' llif priifdinn mmt, tin- I'liiiii, ll'iiri/,/. It' tl. Siiiiiili'n. /.(v;/i'>rj, \',i/iiiiiUiiif; . anil 
 olli'> ("ri'vimisly niciiliniii'd. Tin- (inviTiniU'iil smvi'viiin Nrij; /'iiiuit/i r,>\ was i'ni|ilcivi.<l in NoithwrskTU 
 wiU'. nearly all tlli' yi'iir. Amkhik the vi-sscls of H M. M's lU-ct vi^iliiiK Victoria in iSfici wiTc iIk- ^;nnlH)at 
 /'•I M,/anil the .S(i/<////c. Tin.- fiirnicr vi-ssel Icin^ al'ti-r LMiti-ri'il the nii-nliant tnarint nn the fnast, utul linally 
 iii.K 1 liiT (lays as n pirate on the coant of Mexico isee steaniNhip /'i>r;,iirif, 1H71 1, 
 
 'Pile town of St. Helens, on the Colninl)i;i, which had not iinionnleil to nnirh .liter the I'.icific Mail 
 IciiKil it, received a visit this year (Voin the schooner /i/i/u. V's lolls limdeii, in coniiiiand of Cipt. A. 
 
 ,iImii 
 
 C.iiiiiM.inn 
 
 from the I Cast w 
 
 ith 
 
 a >;eiieral car^;o. 
 
 The liark AV.-ii/ .iiid the schooner I/' /, A'/<//i»'i/wi(Mirrived at 
 
 r. 
 
 1 UK 
 
 from New York, and, until Mercer estaldislied his dipper line several years later, were the last iliiect 
 ill III. is, as Tortland dealers preferred to ship ^oods in smaller i|nantities to San Francisco and transport them from 
 
 llicrc li\' steamer 
 
 line sle. liner named the /V.'/v 
 
 A' /(W//.i»was conslnicted at Coos Hav in iHiui for tin 
 
 iii.isliiiK tralVic, and at l>iinneiiess Capt. !■!. II. McAlinond ' Iniilt llie schooner /uhnni, which ran in the I'iikcI 
 S iinid and Alaska trade lor four ye.irs. and was then sold to Sin h'ralicisco parties. 
 
 The year iSh.j opened with another terrilile wreck on the ronte hetween San l-'raiicisco and the Northwest. 
 tin uiliipialed Xi>itlii-nii-r K'>iiiK t" pieces nearCnpc Mendocino, sacrificing nearly forty lives, and proving that the 
 
 w.iiiiiiii; will 
 
 ch the loss of the rotten old steamship CduiiiI II'iiii, 
 
 few years lieforo had sounded was still 
 iiiilunlcil, and that iiispectiim laws were lax indeed, or the tender old hnlk would never have lieen permillcd lo 
 inipiiil llie existence of so many jieople. The old steamship Xtnlluiiiit had liecii running on the noithcni route il 
 
 iruKiilar intervals 
 
 for 
 
 L-ral 
 
 years, most of the time in 
 luinniaiid of either William 
 uv Cliris Dall. She left San 
 iMiiicisco on her last trip Jan- 
 4th at .j.v !•• »'•■ I'oiiiid 
 Colnmliia River and 
 
 uat 
 
 l(.r llu 
 
 I'liHel Siiniid ports. The next 
 ilav at I'liiir o'clock in the 
 iiUenioon, when about two 
 miles (ilf shore, she struck on 
 Hliliil's Reef near Ca))e .Meii- 
 ilociini At the time she 
 struck llie steamer was rnn- 
 
 iiii'K 
 
 twelve 
 
 knots 
 
 liclure a t;ood brce/e with all 
 
 >.iils sil, hut the shock seemed 
 liio li).;lit to lie very serious, 
 .iiiil Captain Dall .sent I'irsl 
 ( miivr Kreiich helow to sec if 
 slic was leaking, and directed 
 C:i|pt. Thomas C.la 
 
 L>ll, the 
 
 ill known stc.imhoalinan, who was Columhia River pilot for the steamer, to take llic licariii).;s of the rock. 
 
 he had passed there many times before 
 
 id 1 
 
 lad never discoverei 
 
 1 it. 
 
 Soon after the ship swtin^' off sIk 
 
 .•;;:iii inakinj; water ra|)idly, and the pumps, which were throwint; twelve thousand gallons ]icr iiiiiiiite. could 
 1)1 keep it down ,so that it would ^jain less than an inch a minute. When lliree and a half miles north of 
 
 Ca|H 
 ini]i 
 
 irtuiias the engineer sen 
 
 t word that the fires 
 
 be extiiiHUi 
 
 died 
 
 ill fne niiiuites, and. as it would be 
 
 ibie to reach Humboldt bar, Captain Dall deterniiiied to be.ich the ship The vessel was headed f( 
 
 or 
 
 slime, the eiisiues making about twenty revolnli 
 
 ifter she j;rotiiide '. Ile.ivy seas were breaking over 
 
 III I- 
 
 lU' lir^.l ii)TiiinMnili.'il llu- liiirk . hiii lliwl. mul iiexl lixik tlif sliip (•I'l iihiiiiit. coiituiiiiiiK witli liiT fcir six anil Diie-liall' 
 
 (.,i|>liiiii 
 
 liikcr iTliruil Inmi llic wilier ami lias since lived on sliore, wi 
 
 III till 
 
 sic iiiui .s'.o.f ;/(/., wlilrli he lioiiglit in i.ssj, lie is now rjniell\- cnj) 
 
 ylllK 
 
 life 
 
 elilnin (il (leea: 
 
 HI il tanii near New Whale 
 
 sional trips willi the liiile 
 
 Tile hrie 
 
 '(«//,', 
 
 ,as llie hesl kiliiwll cil" the ve-^sels. which visileil the N'oilhwest, in llie Inileil .salutes ^eiiiletie sei 
 
 M- l.iliiirs exleinlecl civer a wiile raii^je (irteiiilory. .She inaile a snr\ ey nf diay's Harlmr in iS'«i, ami fnnn there went In C<mi> 
 Her work for the iiexl few years was iiloii>,' the California shore, lint in 1.S61) she retnrneil North lo make sMimliiiKs in the 
 .It Seattle. She then went farlher up the Coast. 1ml relnrnecl to Seattle in IS; 2, and in 1S7I snrveyeil Ciniiinenieiiieiit lia 
 
 C.ipl James \,. I.awson was in eoniniand for iicnrly til'teeii years, wi 
 
 Cijil Charles Willon.ijhhy. 
 
 th tl 
 
 le exeeptuni ol a tin 
 
 ef interval while slu- w 
 
 IS ill ehar^e of 
 
 San I'l 
 
 'Ca]it. I'l. II. Me.Miiioiiil of DntiHeiiess was horn in liclfasl. Me., ill 1S2.S, ami e.iiiie to the Coasl in 1S5 
 
 I as master of the sehoone 
 
 />„• 
 
 rnnnin^ to Centra 
 
 1 .\ii 
 
 I. aii.l arri\eil <ni Pii^et Sniiml i\i 
 
 lle 
 
 s Liter 
 
 lile.l 
 
 liiij; ''/ill />,i;is. He was next on the hark /n//'/ .UIiiiik from .Steihieooin to San l''raneiseo, ami from her went to the seln 
 
 ilf till 
 
 llie ~, 
 
 lie retnrneil lo DniiHenes 
 
 iilil i.Shi, when he • 
 
 slnieteil tin 
 
 iS^i ami took eoinmaml of the /oliii . IJiiiiif, anil after silling her for six inonlhs .ihamloiieil 
 
 elie 
 
 I ti.nle. linally selliiiH the vessel to San I'raneiseo parties 
 
 Her A'r/'iiifi at linnyeiiess ami operateil her for ftiiir years in the Pii^ei .Sonml ami 
 
 h'or the next ten 
 
 ■ twelv 
 
 he 
 
 is acting; as pilot on I'li^jel 
 
 111 Northern waters. In i.SSo he hnill the sehooner Cliniiif'iiiii anl ran her for ahoiit six years, sealiiii; olf the Cape, 1 
 1 solil her to Chief Peter of the Neali Hiy Imlian trihe. He is a, .cseiil Iniihlin^' a oiie'liiiinlreil-ton sehooner to he iiseil in 
 iij; anil eoil lishiii),' triule. 
 
 \\\ 
 
 
 M 
 
 life :>l 
 
 U'. 
 
F^f 
 
 I 
 
 1 ;: 
 
 J 
 
 i^; 
 
 ^--^ ..4 
 
 96 
 
 /.eiv/s (f Dryden's Marine History of ttie Pacific Northwest 
 
 her, so that it was iinpossihlo to cut away the masts. A boat was lowered, and First Officer French succetded 
 in reaching land in safety with all of the women and children except two, one lady refusing to leave the vessel 
 because her brother could not accompany her. Second Officer Hirch then started with the old men and one 
 woman, but his boat capsized, and all peri.shed except the latter, Hirch and a sailor. The third boat was in 
 charge of Captain Gladwell, but it was .soon overturned and nearly all of its )ccupants were lost. Frencli in 
 the meantime returned to the rescue, but owing to the carelessness of the crew his boat was drawn under the 
 quarter and he was drowned. After a terrific struggle. Engineer O'Neil succeeded in reaching shore witli ,i 
 line, which w.'.s the means of saving the lives of several persons. At 1:30 a. m. Captain Dall, Pilot Rogers 
 and Pur.ser Hreck started ashore in this maimer, after doing all in their power to induce the remaining 
 passengers to follow their example. Mr. Berry, Wells, Fargo's agent, was swept from the line and drowned, 
 and those who clung to the wreck drifted ashore soon afterward on a piece of the deck which detached itself 
 from the steamer. Altogether thirty-eight people perished. The action of the first officer in returning to abno.st 
 certain death after making his escape was an exatnple of heroism such as is .seldom witnes.sed. He was entreated 
 to remain in safety, but replied that it was his duty to make the venture, and. after leaving his watch ami a 
 message for his wife, went to his fate. The passengers pre.sented Captain Dall with a testimonial for the care 
 which they received after the accident. The following is a complete list of the lost— Crew : A. French, first 
 officer; li. Mayhood, third officer: R. .\. Nation, first assistant engineer; H. Iloyle, fireman; L. Howes, 
 coalpasser : John Desnoyer. carjienter ; Mike Darney, Tliomas Leonard, W. O.Clark, and Fred Maass, .seamen: 
 
 John (irant, mes.sengcr boy ; Joseph Webster, porter; J. I). Turner, 
 Thomas Connelly, Manuel Suarez, and John Hedden, waiters ; I/mis 
 X'olstadt, first cook ; Herman Kenkin, second cook : H. Wellin);lon, 
 third cook ; a colored barber, and Gladwell, the pilot — l'asseMj;ers: 
 Berry, Wells Fargo's messenger: Capt. Chris Sweitzer, Samuel Ore;;^; 
 and sister, Messrs. Bloomfield, Hass, Perkins, Taylor, Daly, HisMin 
 Del.schneider, Meeker, Trepsy, Oreenshield, K. Rainey. A. Hunter 
 and C. Thomas. The survivors were : W. I<. Dall. master; W. };. 
 Birch, second officer; Thomas O'Xeil, chief engineer; J. M. Breek, 
 purser : Joseph Bryant, second assistant engineer ; J. D. Clouglilet 
 and lidward .Mclvneany,-^- water tenders; R. Loomis. Jerry Harnett, 
 and William Whitby, firemen ; Robert Boyd, H. Norton, and F. K. 
 Callaghan, coalpassers ; James I.aunahan, engine storekeeper ; Moses 
 Rogers, bar pilot ; John Deniing. steward : John Paulsea, .seccnul 
 steward ; Samuel Lewis, steerage steward ; Jo.se .Mniaden, pantryni.m : 
 Richard Hill, baker : Michael Monen, John "ower, and G. Stei,'e 
 waiters : H. I)nffi;y, Henry t)tto, Henry Gardner, James Silva. John 
 Daly, Hugh Duncan. Daniel Horrigan, James Wcighton, and Wil- 
 liam King, seamer. ; G. W. Tew, wife and three children, T. V. Smith. 
 (). Alder, A. O. Balcli, (;. Vignolo, Miss Jordan, J. A. Wheeler, J. 1-. 
 Gould. W. l"'arrell, Fred Freeman, J. J. Ginn, William Reese. W. I>. 
 Ray, P. Kelly, J. (Juigley, Mr. FIstes, A. Hinman, A. B. Robertsnn. 
 J. H. Henry, H. Bledsoe, Mrs. C. Sweitzer. .M. Trtnbath, Miss H.iit- 
 iie> , H. M. Patrick, J. A. Gallagher, .Mrs. Thomp.son and chihl, John 
 Morrill, George liauni, Mrs. .\nreau, and four Chinamen, passengers. The Xoillimur was built in N'ew York in 
 1S47 for tile CluirU-stoii Iraile, but came round to the Pacific in i.Ss". and was operated by the Pacific Mail on 
 all of the routes out of San Francisco. At the time of the wreck she had the postal contract north, .iiut 
 received a big subsidy for a semi-monthly service. A few trips before her destruction she was in a collisHm 
 on the .Sound with the tug /\isoluli\ receiving injuries to the extent of $i.5i«i. A long lawsuit was the resull. 
 the case being in the courts for years. Meiggs. owner of the /uso/ii/r. finally wo'i, securing damages for iiijuiirs 
 sustained b\ his ves.sel. 
 
 Other serious marine disasters of the year were the loss of the schooner C<i/iiini/. which sailed from .SU'mI- 
 water Bay for the Columbia with seven persons, and nothing was ever found to throw light on their mysteri'ns 
 disajipearance. The ship/d/r;/ ,Vais/ia//, from San F'rancisco for Port Discovery, was caught in a storm off C:ipe 
 Flattery, November loth, and was lost with all on board. The Peruvian brig /'loiriida, from Utsalad) for Call. 10, 
 encountered a gale off Cape I'lattery, December .Stli. anil was on her beam ends for three hours. The capt;i;n, 
 
 ^ Kdwartl Mrl-!ne:iiiy, wlio \v;is ntie nl" tlie survivors oflhe Xt'rf/it'rnt'r, w:\s horn in Ireliiml iii iSjg. anil soon at'ler eoniii' i" 
 
 .■\incriea eoninienced running between New York and .Xspinwall as water lender on the I*aeilie Mail stejmiships, most ot the '. ;ii' 
 
 heing en^a^eil on the ///iiti>r\ and leavinj,; that rr)nte in iS.si lor San l-'raneiseo hi J n ne ol that year he ji lined the tild siilewlu ■ tr 
 
 i)ii ■^I'fi as third assistant i n_i,;i nee r, remain in ji there ahont a year and then >ioin^ as sei-ond assist.ani on tlie steamship ( \i{if\>nn<i. (u 
 
 iSOn he shipped on the steamship XniNhnh r. which was lost hefore he had eompleled the roniid trip with her. lie llieii ran S' ili 
 
 fi-(tm .San 1-r.uieiseo, ser\in^ on the steamshi]) (lotdtti t'l.'v nearh six \ears, and was ihiel' ol the Sitt rtii//tn/t' for two >» '^ 
 
 .\ltonether he was in Ihe employ of the I'aeihe Mail Comp.iny fm moie than two deeades. lie left their employ to aeeept ii ))osr 'ii 
 on the Central I'.ieifie I'erryhoais, on whieh he ran as eliieleiiKineer for liftecn years. 
 
 I-:i'\V AMP Mi t.:Nt ANS 
 
rench succetded 
 leave the vessel 
 d men uiul out- 
 ird boat was in 
 ost. Kreiicli in 
 rawii under the 
 ij; shore witli ,i 
 11, Pilot R<ij;cr- 
 the remaiiiinj; 
 e and drowned, 
 I detaclied itself 
 irniiig to ahudsj 
 le was entreated 
 lis watch and a 
 lial for the care 
 A. French, first 
 an : h- Hmves. 
 Maass. seamen : 
 ; J. I). Turner, 
 , waiters ; I.cMiis 
 H. \\'ellini;t<"i, 
 ot — r'asseni;ers 
 r, Samuel (Irej;;; 
 r, Daly, His.Mui 
 icy. A. Hunter 
 master ; W. H. 
 ?r ; J. M. liicck, 
 J. n. Cloughlet 
 ■-, Jerry Harnett, 
 rtdii, and 1''. K, 
 ekeeper ; Moses 
 I'aulsca, .second 
 len, panlrynKin : 
 and G. Stei;e, 
 iiies Silva, John 
 liton, and Wil- 
 li, T. v. Smith, 
 Wheeler, J. I', 
 in Reese. \V. D. 
 H. Robertson, 
 ith, Mi.ss Il.irt- 
 .111(1 child, John 
 n New York in 
 I'acific Mail on 
 act north, .md 
 s in a collision 
 was the result, 
 ij;es for injuries 
 
 led from Sliod- 
 hcir mysterious 
 storm off C.i|>e 
 lad> for Call. 10. 
 The captain. 
 
 in alter eonun> it> 
 , most of tile t lie 
 lid sidewlli' <T 
 If ' iitii'otttltt. iu 
 III' tlicii ran S" ill 
 //(> lor two yi 's. 
 > aeeepl ii posii hi 
 
 The Oregon Steam Navic/ation Company, Growth of British Columbia Marine Industries 
 
 H. 
 
 )f V 
 
 (1. The 
 
 dr 
 
 ■d 
 
 N'ootka 
 
 id. 
 
 Soiiiu: 
 
 till list of the crew escaped. The schooners />. /.. Clinch and Montiiif^ Shir weXQ wrecked in the Straits in 
 
 No'.einlier. and the bark .///'/ I'irry in Appletree Cove in Deceniher. 
 
 Tile liii.u ('I'lisio'/. Captain Mcl.ellan, while (■«/•(>/(/(• from Monoliihi to Port Discovery, was lost in N.iotka 
 
 Sound. November. iSOn. The vessel was dismasted by a liurricaiie October 15th. 
 
 ]\u\ masts were riRHcd. and she succeeded in enterinj; the Straits, but was ir 
 
 (liiMii ofl" bv another j^ale and went into the harbor at Xootka. where she 
 
 dr.imed anchor and stranded. There were nine Kanakas and thirteen whites 
 
 al'i'iid at the time of the disaster, and all were saved. 
 
 On December j;,d the lirilisli bark A'i;«<//(', a vessel of aliout 400 tons 
 
 hnnlin. in command of Ca] tain Mains, with Capt. William McCulloch,' mate. 
 
 u.is wrecked. She was consigned to Stamp iS: Co. of X'ictoria, and had an 
 
 e\eeei!iiij;lv valuable- c-argo, the invoie-e showing it to have been worth nearly 
 
 j;j.....o,io. The bark was one hniidred and seventy-five days out from I.oiuUmi 
 
 ulun she sailed lazily up the Straits on Sunday, December 2,v\. and struck 
 
 nil Kaoe Kiicks with such force that she remained there. A great ellbrt was 
 
 ni.ide to lloat her. but to no piirjiose. and she became a total loss. 
 
 Notable deaths in th" marine profession in i,S(hi were pilot Hroderick, 
 
 who was drowned off \'ictoria harbor, Captain Dodd, of the steamer //nnri-, and 
 
 Capt, John .\. Hull, of the Hritish surveying brig IV uni fif r . 
 
 Marine business ex]>erienced a wonder- 
 ful development in i.Sfu, and more steamboats 
 were built than in any jirevioiis year. The 
 4^^ Pacific Northwest was too far aw.iy at this period to be niiicli alTected by the 
 
 impending war, which was to dis.irrange matters .so complete!) on the other si<le 
 of the Rocky Mountains, and the pioneers continued to e-onstruct steamboats and 
 to open lip new routes as they had never done before. Hritish Columbia, having 
 no interest in the alfairs of t'.ie Tnited States, forged ahead in all branches of 
 industry, and nearly a dozen steamers were added to the lleet plying on her rivers 
 and lakes. \',ax\\ in the year the lintciffihc was brouglit from San I'rancise'o 
 by the Curry brothers to riiu between X'ictoria and the Sonml, to carry the mail 
 under the Parkinson contract. Curry and Jones were in charge during the lirst 
 few months. Finch" was |iiirser and D. V . Fee. ' engineer. She entered the 
 field under very fivorable auspices, and <lnriiig the first six months gave the 
 l-.li:n .liiJnsoii the hardest opjiosition that she encountered during the entire ten 
 ""'" '■ ''■' years of her supremacy. Within a short time, however, a comproinise was 
 
 elfeeted. ,ind the /■'nler/^nsr became the iiroperty of the Ilndson's I!ay Company for a consideration of about 
 
 e AI'T \\'MM,\M MfCl 
 
 \. 
 
 W3, 
 
 liii! ill 
 
 
 ■M 
 
 ti 
 
 f 
 
 k ' . ( 
 
 1 
 
 . 'm 
 
ri 
 
 11 
 
 ,1! 
 
 98 
 
 Lewis c? Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 $60,000. She was put on the Westminster route, making her first trip March 17, 1862, and continued on iliat 
 
 run most of the time until 1S85, when she met with a serious accident. Captain Swan.son was one of lier first 
 
 masters after she lell into the hands of the Hudson's Hay Company. As an indication of the business on 
 
 the Fraser River at that time, lier manifest of a trip from X'ictoria, April 6, iS6,^, shows that she carried J50 
 
 passengers, sixty tons of merchandise, nine head of cattle and twenty-three pack animals, and this was only 
 
 one of many equally as profitable. Following Swan.son in command came McNeil, Mouatt, Wyldie, Finch. 
 
 Pamphlet, McKinnon, Lewis, Rudlin, McCuUoch, Gardiner, and others. In i.SS,^ she was extensively overhauled 
 
 and repaired, and ran regularly to Westminster under Captain Rudlin until July, 1885, at which time, while 
 
 on her way from Westminster to X'ictoria, she collided with the steamer J?. /'. Rillwl. The Hiitcipn'.u- recL-ived 
 
 the blow fair on the port bow, and before its force was expended the side of the wheelhouse and the foremast 
 
 were carrie<l away. The dama.ye was so extensive that she was stripped 
 
 and abandoned. She was built in San Fran, isco in 1861 by William *"'■ ■ ■'■ 
 
 Curry and Peter F. Doling. Her dimensions were; length, 1,^4 feet: 
 
 beam, 27 feet 7 inches ; depth of hold, 6 feet 9 inches. She had a 
 
 walking-beam engine ,w .x 72 inches and sidewheels. The Wilson (i. 
 
 Hinil, which had been lying for a year in James Hay, was taken round 
 
 to the Columbia by the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, which at 
 
 this time purchased every .steamer which came into its territory. Tho.se 
 
 rnnning on the Fraser were for a short time operated under the name 
 
 of the Hritish Columbia & \'ictoria Stea' . Navigation Company. Tlii.-. 
 
 organization was formed in June, and iiicuuled the I'o/oiul Moodv. Co:- 
 
 cnior /^oiii;las, .Uiir/ci, lloftr, 1 Ifiniiitti. wwA hlyhiii Ihitchmiiii." Farly 
 
 in the year Capt. William Irving made the first successful trip to Vale 
 
 with the steamer Colonel Moody. The Moody ran the most of the time 
 
 from New Westminster to Harrison River and Hope, the I'lying Ihildi- 
 
 maii and the llinrictta on Harrison Lake to Port Douglas, and the Uoftc 
 
 from Hope to Fmery's Bar. The combination succeeded very well for a 
 
 time, but the inevitable opposition appeared when the steamer i'liioii, a 
 
 small steruwheeler built at Cayoosh Flat by J. Hraniley, entered the 
 
 field against the compai v. She was in charge of Captain Doanc, with 
 
 John Huntoon, purser, an1 was launched July i.^tli, doing a very fair 
 
 business considering her size, for she was 'nit 70 feet long and 14 feet 
 
 beam, with 9 x ,^0 inch engines. Captain Uoane left her in 1862, and 
 
 was succeeded by Captains IVighlon, Sprague and Hngby. 
 
 Three steamers, the /.ady of the Laki\ Cliampion and Marcillu, were built this year for the growing trade 
 on the lakes tributary to the upper Fra.ser. The l.ady of llu- Lake was not intended for a record breaker in 
 point of speed. She was provided with a pair of engines so small that they were hardly able to make a 
 standoff with a stiff l)reeze, l.nit with a pressure of one hundred pounds of steam she made her way about the lake 
 rapidly cTiough for all purposes. The dimensions of the steamer were : length, 72 feet; beam, i.s feet; ikiitli. 
 4 feet, with engines '1x24 inches. The Cliamf>io>i, the first steamer on Seaton Lake, was a steruwheeler, ion 
 feet in length and about 22 feet beam. When first built she was fitted out with very small engines, but in ish;, 
 alterations were made ."'id new ones 12 x 36 inches substituted. The trade in which she was engaged did not 
 recpiire a very fast steamer, and with her i2inch engines she made a far belter showing than the bateaux whieh 
 had preceded her. The MoicclUi, rnnning on Lilloet Lake in 1861, was a steruwheeler '^lo feet long, propelled hy 
 a pair of engines 7 x 2i inches, She made her first trip on ihe lake in May, and contiinied running for three 
 years, at which time she was found to be entirely too small and slow for the increasing trade and was cast :i>idc. 
 Two new propellers appeared at Victoria in iSfu, the first of this class of steamers to be constructed in the 
 province. The Emily /foiris was set afloat January 3d by Peter Holmes, the builder, for Harris, Carroll iV C<i 
 She was followed a few months nier by \.\\c i'ariboo, a famous craft in British Columbia history. The /-/i/'/i,' 
 /liililiiiuui also (".'.tered the lists this year. At Sooke a fine schooner, the .Inn 7\ulor, was launched in M.irch 
 for the Sandwich Island trade. 
 
 The steamer Emily Ifairis. Capt. .Mexander Court, left X'ictoria for Fraser River points on her initial irip 
 March ist, with eighty tons of miscellaneous freight, and continued in that traffic for .several years as a joli'ins 
 steamer. She also ran between Xanaimo and \'ictoria carrying coal, and towing whenever work coiihl he 
 secured. Court was succeeded by Captain Titcomb. the pioneer X'ictoria pilot ; Wallace, Chambers, .Mclni ish 
 
 '"The l-'lyiiig Dulihiiuin was a sm;ill sU-riiw!'L-eU-r liuilt Ijy William Moore for tin- I^'rii-er Uiver Ir.idf, in the fall of iSfci. bill 
 owiuK t" •' delay ill rei-eiviiiK her iimchiiicry, wliiili came up from .Sail I'raiicisco on tlie old hark I'iikciy, t\\i\ not make lici trial 
 trip iitilil Jainmry 21, 1S61. She was iiiiielyllirec feel loii^. seventeen feet lieani, with 1 2 x ,^6 im-h eiixiiies, anil was speedy foi that 
 period. Moore and his sons van her for a few ye.ns wiili iuclilTerent snceess, and in 1S64 sol.l an interest in the vessef to ipt 
 "Delaware" Iiislev, a well kiiowii eharacter in l'"rascr River steamhoaliii^;. The /•'/i/h!,' nuUhtiian soon .afterward heeauie ; laii- 
 cially involved and was taken to the .Aineriean side aii'l purchased hy one of tile mill companies lint little work w.is perforni' ! In 
 tlie steamer in these waters, ami the engines were renioveil ami placed in tlie steamer Linn' , one of the first slernwheelers .on- 
 stnictecl on the Sound. 
 
 CAI'T. w. j nOANK 
 
The Oregon Stunm Nav'ujation (^nmpany, Growth of British (iolamhin Marirv lin/ostrica 
 
 99 
 
 initial nip 
 a joliMng 
 coiilil ln^ 
 Mflii! '-h 
 
 It 
 
 Ili'A tt. (ireeinvdnil and Krain. The latter, an American who went to Hritish Colunihia from Coos Hay, was tlie 
 hi-l in coininand, nieelins death with two coinpanions wlien llie steamer exploded her holier in .Xugnsl, 1.S71 1 see 
 wai k of /■iiiiilv /fani.i, 1S71 1, Tlie dimensions of the h'.iiiily /forris were : length, one hnndred feet; heam, sixteen 
 fuct --ix inches; depth, six feet. Her engines were twelve hy fifteen inches and drove a projieller fonr and 01 e-half 
 feut ill diameter, with six and one-half feet pitch. 
 
 The steamer Cariboo, or, as she was afterward called, the Canlvo ami /'(y. had fnlly as varied and 
 iiiti- It sting a career as any craft that ever steamed abont the waters of Hritisli Cohimhia. .She was luiilt in 1.S61 
 hy C.ipl. .\rchil)ald Jamieson, formerly engaged in steamhoating on the Willanijtte River. Her engines, which 
 were of the oscillating pattern, .seventeen hy thirty-six inches, arrived at \'ictoria on the brig Maireila from Scot- 
 l.iiil in .Mav, and the Cariboo left \'ictoria on her first voyage July 261I1 for New Westminster and I-'ort Douglas. 
 The initial trip was a .success, but on the second, earl) in .\ngust, she met witii a terrible accident. Leaving the 
 IlniUon's Hav Company's wharf at j:;,o in the morning, she passed down the harbor, and while rounding Shoal 
 I'dint her boiler exploded, instantlx' killing Archibald Jamieson, captain and owner ; his i)mther (ieorge Jamieson. 
 ,i--^i--lant engineer : William Allen, chief engineer ; John Sparks, mate ; Dan Foley, fireman ; P. (iarro, passenger, 
 ,uul ,111 unknown deckhand : injuring Henry Gray, the jiilot : John Reed, deckhaml : Willi, im Tysmi, steward; 
 jMil .Meek Steward, carpenter. The cause of the explosion was never accurately determined, as all those in a 
 jMMiion to know were killed in the disaster, but it was generabj- attributed to low water in the boiler. The ver- 
 dict of the coroner's jury censured the dead engineer, who had occupied the same position on the Calrdoiiia. w'-'.h 
 UMS blown up in the (Inlf of (rcorgia two years before. Testimony l.iken at the impiesl elicited the intormation 
 ihat (111 the previous passage, owing to a defective pump, the captain had been compelled to ti • uj), draw the fires 
 and lift the .safety valve. This siuld 'n and terrible end of the new steamer created a great sensalion in X'ictoria, 
 and it was several years before any one made an effort to do anything with the hull, which had been badly racked 
 l)v the explosion. In i86() McDougal Hrotheis of Victoria concluded that there was still some value in the 
 wreck, so they bought and repaired it, and, not wishing to have it h,indicapped by the former name, they called 
 tile new edition the /'Ir. To this change there was .some objection on the part of the ('lovernmeut. so as a com- 
 promise the name (.'ariboo and /•'!]■ wns w^vA. The vessel was launched March 5, 1.S60, and I'rain was her first 
 master. The Mc Don gals 
 kejit her hut a short lime, 
 Mild she sutise(|ueutly became 
 tile property of Moody, Nel- 
 Min iV Co. From the time 
 iif jur reconstruction until 
 iS75 she jobbed around the 
 waters of british Columbia, 
 tiiwing and freighting wher- 
 ever business offered. l''rain 
 w,is succeeded by Mcintosh. 
 Deveieaux. Wharton, and 
 oilier-.. In 1S75 C a p t a i n 
 Spr.ill purchased the steamer, 
 .'iiiil, alter refitting her wiUi 
 iivw inachinery, put her on 
 the Xorlhern route in coin- 
 iiKiml of Captain Holmes. 
 ."^lie continued running here 
 and lielween Nanaiuio and 
 east roast points for abcut 
 ei^;hl years, Capt. (lecnge 
 Kii'iiin h a v i n g bee u in 
 eliaiL!! part of the time. lu 
 
 Si I \ Ml H e Vklll'iii \M, 1-1 s 
 
 1 "S ; the 111 a c h i n e r y was 
 
 reiiiiived and the vessel used as a tender to the ./;/,■, which had just been .oinpleted. Captain Spralt replaced the 
 maohinery in 1SS3, and Septemlier uth she again steamed out of X'ictoria harbm-. this time with Captain Caviu 
 ill eiiiiiniand. In i.ss.S C apt. William Meyer was operating her on the Xorthern route, and in the autumn, while 
 returning I'rom Skeena River to X'ictoria with a cargo of salmon, she took a sheer from the course and stranded in 
 C.reeiuille channel. The ciptaiu and crew came to N'ictoria on the steamer (Jidihl, f>. anil the wreck was sold to 
 1.. (■ii'idacre for S-.i>,so, and the ,v-,Si> cases of salmon in the cargo brought 5'', "5". The steamer was then lloated, 
 taki :i ii N'ictoria and repaired. In i.Si)2 she was bought by the Royal Canadian Canning Company and left on 
 1ki li'si trip to the Skeena. June Jist, in charge of Capt. C. Iv Menyon. She continued in use until i,s<i|. niid the 
 eiigrivuig in this history is nia<le from a photograph taken soon after she was tied up in the fall. 
 
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 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Cai-t. I-;ri,AR Wakkman 
 
 An important change in the ocean service between San Francisco and Northern ports took place in is6t, 
 
 the Pacific Mail selling out their interests in the North to HoUaday & Flint. The six steamships, Coi/e:, 
 
 Orfiroii, Sierra A'lvadii, Republic. Panama and Fremont, were sold for $250,000, about the \'alue of any out,' of 
 
 them in gooc' order. The I'remont was changed into a bark soon 
 
 after the purchase, but the others continued in their old occupation, "■ . / 1,. .^i 
 
 officered as follows; Corte:, Captains Huntington and Dall ; Oregon, 
 
 W. H. Hudson : Sierra Xei'ada, Wakenian;" Panama, J. S. VV'atson. ' . 
 
 The California Steam Navigation Company was on the Northern route , 
 
 with the Brother Jonathan, Captain Staples, and the Pacifie, Captains 
 
 Hnrns and Patter.son. Captain Staples ' was killed in Portland by a 
 
 gaml)ler named Patterson, and his mate, De Wolf, was given command 
 
 of the ship, and Captain Patterson left the Paeifieio succeed Captain 
 
 Fauntleroy on the steamship Massachusetts. The pioneer steamship 
 
 California was also in the trade, in charge of Captain Whiting. The 
 
 .Santa Cruz, a well known old-timer, was loaned to the Government 
 
 and fitted up as a revenue cutter, sailing under the name General 
 
 .Sumner. The steamship Pacific, while on her way down the river 
 
 from Portland in July, .sank at Coffin Rock and came very near 
 
 remaining there and avoiding the worst marine disaster that ever 
 
 happened on the Coast. I'nfortunately, as it proved subsequently, 
 
 she was rai.sed after several days' work. The steamer Exfircss took 
 
 the Portland fire engine down to 
 pump the water out, and she steamed 
 to San F'ranci.sco for repairs. 
 
 All of the minor details of the 
 Oregon .Steam Navigation Company 
 having been arranged, its organiza- 
 tion was effected, and at a meeting held in January the following officers were 
 elected : J. C. Ainsworth, president ; D. F. Bradford, vice-president : ('■, \V. 
 Murray, secretary; J. C. Ainsworth, J, S. Ruckel, I,. W. Coe, vS. Ci. Reed and 
 I). F. Bradford, directors. The business of the company on the Cascade ruiue 
 was handled by the Julia or the Carrie Ladd, with the .i/ountain /luck makini; 
 occasional trips. On the upper river the Colonel Writ; lit made an exploriiif; 
 voyage to the interior, going up the Clearwater to within twelve miles ol tlit 
 forks. She was several days making her way u]), but came down a distance 
 of ,^25 miles in le.ss than twenty-four hours. To acconnnodate the growing 
 trade on the upper Columbia, the company constructed the steamer Ol:anox<in. 
 
 which, with the I'enino. which Thompson and Coe had commenced to build at the time of the organization, gavetlieni 
 
 abundant facilities for all the business then offering, although it was not necessary to carry a great bulk of f!cij;ln 
 
 to make large profits. The Tenino, the second boat on the upper river, unfurled the flag of the big company 
 
 " Capl. KdK^i" Wakeniaii, belter known as " Neii " Wakenian, wa.s born in Conncclicut in tbf year 1S12. and it is donbtlul if 
 any sleanisliip conimaniler ever enjoyeil (greater or more merited popularity. Inasnuicb as a pub'isbed narrative of his faiiio'i* 
 exploits on the bi^h seas tilled an interesting liook of four hundred payes. it is ditlicult to do him justice iu a work of this iiainre. 
 He first came into 1 lominetice by running away from New York in 1S50 with the steamer \cw ll'in/il. bound l"or the Pacific C'lai^i 
 (see steamer .N't'rc U'orltf, i.S'S.(j. On reachinj^ San I'raucisco he saileii on the Southern co.ast and to .Australia for ;i time, and then 
 went back to New \'ork, where Conimodore Vaiiderbilt placed him in charge of the steam \acbl jVortli .Stiti ; but, liefore he went on 
 board, the I'nited Stales bench warrant for piracy, in rnuninj; away with the .\'('.-(' U^ocltt, was re\'ived. Tbronj^h the as^:istaIu■e itl 
 X'anderbilt, Wakeman w.is put on board ;i California steamer while the marshal was searcliiii,i.j for him. On arriving .at .'^an 
 I'rancisco be was eiiKajjed by William II. Rrow 11. for whom be briniKbl the Neto U'aild out, to return ami iierform a like service Hitli 
 the .S'«//>;7v('. When lie re.iched the .'Xtlantic seaboard be was arrested on the old piracv chjir^^e. but released on bonds. The day 
 the .Si/i/ii i.se was ready to sail, his bondsmen went into court and nave him nj). Wakeman was present, but left the courtroom witii 
 the crowd, and, wheu the oflicers were sent to brin^" him before the jiul^^e, thev ascertained that he was half way to Sandy Huc.k 
 with the .S'«;/o /vc, aKain biuind for California. The steamer made the trip under sail au.\ easy steam in aliout four months, aiiil nn 
 .arriva' Wakeni 111 received his salary of if^oo a nioiitb, but failed to secure the 5io,otH> interest in the bo.it which bad beei.i ]irotnise<i. 
 He w.is next in command of a sailing vessel for two years, and then on the Ilolladay steainshiiis. While ruuiiin;,' tlie./c//" /,. 
 .SV( ■/>//(•« 5, the craft was sei/.ed by the Mexicans, and. but for the diplomacy and vigorous action of Captain Wakem.an, it woiiM have 
 been confiscated and the crew and p.-issengers made jirisoners of war. The owners of the .S/r^liciis f.dled to appreciate the valnalile 
 service rendered, so the skipper left their employ and took charge of the steamship . liHt'ciiii. hi iShj he went b'ast to brink' nut 
 the sidewheel steamer t>. C. /fiiUiiiK. She sailed from New York, November istli, and two days later was battered to pieces iii tlie 
 (Viilf Stream, Captain Wakeman and eij^ht others alone surviving out of a crew of forty. On reaching the Pacitic the Cajitain -piMit 
 considerable time at the .Sandwich Islamls, ami in June, 1S72, took the steamship .Ui>/io>ii;ii, rnnniiiH between .San I''raneisco anil 
 Honolulu; but on his second voyage he was stricken with ])ar.alysis, which dis.abled his entire rijjlit side and ended his lone anti 
 eventful career on the water. Three years after this bamentable misfortune deat'i ended his sulTerinjrs, 
 
 "Ca])l. C.eori^e W. .Staples, well known as a ])ioneer sailing; master ami afterward :• i a steamship captain, was shot 11 
 Pioneer Hotel in I'orll iml by a gambler named Patterson. There was considerable feeling at this time over tlie war, and Patlc 
 who was a ral>i<l rebel, mide some insultinx remarks about the ('loverniiient, which led to a scrimmage, a. the close of whi' 
 retreated upstairs, followed by several who intended to have him arresteil. He warned them not to follow, and, as he ! 
 reputation as .a ^uii lighter, they were all afraid except Stajiles, who started to ascend. Before he reached the to^i, Patterson 
 him tlinni>,di the heart. The murilerer was .icipiitted and left Portland for Walla Walla, where he was finally killed in a s oou 
 brawl . 
 
 CAPT. OEOBOB W. STAT'I.FS 
 
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 The Oregon Ste9m Navigation Company, Growth of British Columbia Marine industries 
 
 lOI 
 
 wIki; -.Ik- entered the water in 1862. She was built at Des Chutes, and ran faster and made more money 
 
 thiui any steamer that lias followed her on that portion of the Columbia. While this assertion may not be 
 
 iiukIi nf a compliment to the steamer's speed, it is saying a great deal for her money-making ability. Her 
 
 dimensions were : length, 1,^6 feet; beam, 26 feet ; deiitli, 5 feet 
 y inches. The engines, 17 x 72 inches, were new from the 
 shops. John Gates'' assisted in the construction and was her 
 first engineer. Leonard White was given command at the start, 
 and was succeeded by Charles Felton, Iv. W. Uaugliman, J. H. 
 D. Gray, V,. F. Coe," and Thomas and John Stump. The Ttiiino 
 was operated for all she was worth during the first few years 
 of her existence, and in 1867 was so badly strained that she had 
 to be rebuilt. She served acceptably for about ten years after- 
 ward, but finally struck a rock while coming down the river, 
 and, as her hull was old and somewhat decayed, it was decided 
 to remove hei engines and place them in another boat, the AVrr 
 Ti-nino. The steamer Okauogun was also built at the mouth of 
 the IJes Chutes, and during the first few years of her existence 
 was commanded by Capt. Charles Felton, with John Gates, 
 engineer. She ran on the upper tiver in command of Felton, 
 Haughnian. Coe, and Fred Wilson until 1866, when Captain 
 Stump brought her over Tumwater Falls. She was the first 
 steamer that ever made this trip, and the time from Celilo to 
 the mess-house was twenty-seven minutes. She did but little 
 work on the middle river, and in February, 1867, Captain 
 Stump continued the downward journey and piloted her over 
 the Cascades. In shooting the rapids she took a sudden sheer, 
 and, before the veteran could 
 straighten her up, struck a large ■ 
 
 rock almost in their midst. The 
 
 collision tore a big hole in her hull, but the steamer came on safely, leaving 
 
 as a memento of the accident her name, which has since designated the rock 
 
 that so nearly caused her destruction. After reaching her destination the 
 
 Oktxnogan was operated o;; the Astoria route in command of Capt. James Strang, 
 
 with William L. lUitlon, engineer, and she followed this trade for several years. 
 
 .XiiMiig the various masters during her long career were Captains Snow, Reed, 
 
 Huglics, Condon, Hal)bidge and Smith. The opportunities for profit were not so 
 
 yreal on the lower river, and the steamer never (juite equaled the record made 
 
 above, which at one time reached a total of $t5,ocKj for three consecutive trips. 
 
 The Okano\^an was a slow-going craft, 118 feet long, 24 feet beam, and 5 feet 
 
 '> iiiclies hold. Her power was from a pair of 14 x 60 inch engines, which had 
 
 |irevi()iisly been used in a Sacramento River steamer. She was ugly in appear- 
 ance, hut during her active existence piled up as many heaps of shining gold as 
 
 any of the money gatherers owned by the Oregon Steam Navigation Company. 
 
 Captain Hoyt continued undisturbed on the .-Vstoria route with the Mitlbioniali. although the steamer 
 
 Lr.iiithaii was put on the lower river in October, with the intention of ninniiig regularly. As she was sixteen 
 
 ■''.\s lonj.r as sleaiiitT.s ply on NorthwcsU-rn watt-rs Iht' name ami memory of Jdhn liales will be reveretl alike by ilie men in 
 the eiijjine-room and in the pilol-honse. Tlie many labor saving inventions of this <|niet j,'enins now in nse on steamboats will 
 l)ri)vi- a lasting moniitnetU whieh time cannot efTace ; anil, while the band of the master lias long been stilled in death, many of the 
 li:niilscinie and swift steamers whieh he designed are still spectling along the rivers, and experience has proved that his work will 
 stand tile test of years. Mr. Gates was born in Mercer, Me,, in KSag, and came to California in 1S49. .Vfter working there at his 
 trade as a machinist for a short time, lie came loOregon, arriving in iS^-, His first work in Portland was as engineer for a sawmill 
 located .at tile font of Jelferson .Street, bnt meeting with adversity lie soon drifted into the steamboat business, sncceeiling Jacoh 
 Kaimii ;is chief engineer of the Oregon .Steam Navigation Company. It was while in this position that his remarkable inventive 
 geiiuis displayed itself, and during the first ten years of his service wii'i this company he took out twenty-seven patentson inventions 
 wlnili have jiroved invaluable in the operation of steamboats. Terhaps the best known and most thoroughly appreciated of these 
 a|iiili.imi.s was tile Gates hydraulic steering gear, without which it would be ainuist an impossibility to handle the hig river and 
 Sound steamers of the present day with any degree of proficiency. Hesiile this an automatic oiler, sectional boiler, spark arrester, 
 ash iMii, cut-olT valve, thumb screw for holding wheel ropes, ami several patents for steam pumps, attest the wide range of 
 his .ihilities. Among the sti-amers constructed under his supervision were the (hit'nf, (htii/rnf, ./////<'/</, irit/t- H'fst, /hit'sy 
 A:ii-\ nth. K K. Thomftsim, S. (!. A'lic/, /linsalu, 11. S. Ilalcrr. .Iriiiir Fiirini, Oiitoiitii, j/tinrs/ Oiiii'ii, J/on 11/11 in Oiifcii. limma 
 /An III/. Iliiny I'illoyd, John d'a/rs, Sf'okaiif, /loiiihi. H^r/ii>iiii\ ami Divie '/'/itnii/'son. lie was for many years ins;iector of boilers 
 ■nid .1' the lime of his ileatli in i.S.SS was Mayor of the city of rortlaml. 
 
 'Capt. luigene I". Coe wiis horn in New Vork in i,S42, but came lotlie Pacific Coast when bnt a boy. He began steamboatiiig 
 on '.li upper Colnmbia with his brother, running for a while as purser but afterward serving as captain of nearly all of the Oregon 
 Steaia Navigation Company's steamers on the upper and midiile river. Subieciucntly he went below and ran the A'. A'. Thoiiipsoii 
 lielwf, II Portland anil the Cascades, and while the Norlliern Pacific was transferring passengers from Kalania to Porlliind lie had 
 cliari.;. "f the steainers in this service. He died in Portland, January, 1S93, .iged fifty-one years. 
 
 CAl'T. KCOK.NK F. Coi; 
 
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 /.t'w/'s cj Drydvn's Marine History of thu Pacific Northwest 
 
 Cai'i Ciiaki.es Fklion 
 
 lioiirs on the way witliout stops on thi; first \\\i trip, her owners conchuled tliat slie was too slow and ahaiuldiied 
 the project. On the npper Willamette the steamer Ciiio was lannchcd at Canemah, Dctobcr iijth, and went into 
 service on the Vamliill ronte. The Jniiits ( linloit was also on the same run until she was destroyed by lire, 
 connecting with the lixpress for Portland. The Union was Imilt by Capt. J. T, Apperson and was christened 
 without the final "u," but soon afterward passed into the pos.se.ssion of Capt. J. I). Miller, who was patriotic 
 enoni;h to finish the name rej;ardless of the result of the war then pending. She was ; small sternwlRilir 
 ninety six feet Ion);, sixteen feet beam, and drew about four feet, loaded. Her power was a pair of 9 \ 48 
 inches engines. In i.Sds she became the ]iroperty of 'he Willamette .Steam Navigation Company and tht 
 following year was sold to the People's Transportation Com|.any. Ca])!. George Jerome commanded her during 
 
 i,S67 and i,s6,s, and Captain Apperson look her again in i.Sfu;. Sebastian Miller 
 was also in charge for a short time. 
 
 The steamer Yiimliill. built at Canemah by Capt. J. I). Miller, was taken 
 to the Tualitin River, and made her first trip between Layfayette and 
 McMinnville in January. She was a small sternwheel steamer, and contained 
 the machinery from the //oosiir but never made a striking record for siieed. 
 Her dimensions were : length, .seventy-six feet : beam, fifteen feet ; depth, two 
 and one-half feet. Associated with Miller in her ownership were George 
 I,aroc<iue, Iv B. Fellows, A. I. Aiipersou, T. Fields, and I, li. I'iette. .She was 
 of very light draft, and, although she could reach a higher point on the river 
 than the other boats, was too small to carry much of a load on the return trip. 
 The steamer /ui,t;/i\ which after ten years of service was apparently as fast and 
 stanch as ever, ran for a while on the \'ancouver route in 1.S61, Capt. J. I). 
 Tackaberry, ' one of the surviving pioneer masters of the Northwest, servinj; 
 as engineer. The Stark .Street ferrv on tlie Willamette again came into tlie 
 bauds of the Kuotts, " who had inaugurated it ten years before. The falls iil 
 the Willamette at Oregon City were the scene of a feat in steamboatiiig in 
 1.S61 that has never been e(iualed. The little steamer .S7. C'/air was piloted over the falls in December by Capt, 
 George W. Taylor,' reaching the lower river in good condition and immediately beginning work on the Ca.scade 
 route. The ease with whicli the -SV. t'/ni/ made the i)lunge proved that the passage could be safely made, but 
 Captain Taylor and S. R. Smith, ' the I'ortlanders who demonstrated its feasibility, have never had any imitators 
 
 '■Capt. J. I). Tuckaberry, who was anions die first steaiiibuatiuen who received licenses in llic WillaiiicUf ilistriit, lnjjiiii 
 an inU'rosliii),' career as engineer on the steamer /•.'nf/c, running to Vanconvcr in 1861, anil after two years at tlie tlirottlf took iiiit 
 a niasler's license, and has since liecii in charge of stcanihoats on nearly every stretch of iiavlnalilc water hetwecn the Coliinilii;i .uid 
 Alaska. In 1865 he solil his iiite-est in the /u)i,'/c, wl'.ich he then owned jointly with Ceorj^e Main, entered the eniplov iil the 
 I'eople's Transportation Company, running on nearly all of their steamers on the Willanictle River, and c<nitiniied with their 
 snccessors, ami the Orenon .Steam Navigation Company, having command of the /unian-.n for four years, and also of the ('//(V/Zand 
 Oiriih'iil. (Jii the upper Colninhia he served on the .lliiiolii ami other steamers, ami on the middle river on Ihe //iii ;rs/ piifiii. 
 lielow the Cascades he was on nearly all of the hest hoats of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company. In i,S7() he took the lillle 
 l/eavti from rorlland to Victoria, ami afterward ran her to .Mask a. Heforc retnniiiig to Portland he was on the ll'illidiii Ir. iiii;, 
 and other steamers owned hy Irving, on the I'raser lietween .New Westminster ,ind Vale. Prior to and dnring the constrnctiun of 
 the Canadian Pacific Railway he was in charge of several dilfercnt steamers on the npper I'r.iser and Thompson rivers. I-iir tla- 
 past fonr or \\\n years Captain Tackaheny has lieen in .Mask. in waters, conimanding a steamer plying lietween Wrangel, Jniicaii ami 
 the islands. He relnrns to Portland each year and makes occasional trips on the Willamette, where he did his first work over tliirtv 
 years ago. In addition to those previously mentioned, Captain Tackjiberry commanded the steamers IVrr/r^s and /\innli>o/^.\ on ili'i- 
 North and .Sontli Thompson rivers, the .l/nU'dii on the Slickecii River, and the .S'/7(.r;r running from Hoston bar to I.yttoii 011 iliv 
 middle 1-raser. There are a niimbei of men in the Northwest who have had more years of service, but there are few. if aii\', uIiom. 
 field of operations has extended over so wide a territory. 
 
 ".Andrew J. Knott, Portland's pioneer ferryman, was born at Dayton, Ohio, November 25, iSy. The fiimily came UV-l 
 when he was ipiile young, and in the fall of iS^ci his father inangiirated a ferry service across the Willamette at Portland, in wliiili 
 he was assisted by the jnesent head of the Stark .Street Companw The pioneer boat was a scow, projielled bv h,'ind, Iiuliaiis 
 furnishing the motive power. Dnring the first winter a jiarty of emigr.ints arrived with a nnniber of cattle ami wished to crnss. 
 When well out in the stream tlie cattle became restless and crowiled to one side, upsetting the scow. Tlie live-stock swam asliort' 
 e.isily eiiongh, but the captain and men were cinnpelled to cling to the sides of the boat until she stranded some ili^l nnt 
 down stream. To right the jiriniitive craft was I'oiind to be a dilficnlt matter, so Indian sipiaws were engaged to carr\ sacks of s.iiiii, 
 which they suspended on their b,icks by means of bands over their foreheads ; this was piled on the upper side of the vessel miiil it 
 lliiallv rested on all even keel. Mr. Knott engaged in milling and stock-raising in 1S51, and eontiniieil in that business for ten m irs. 
 at which time the elder Knott ami his sons piireliaseil the present Stark .Street h'erry, with which .\iidrew has been connected rver 
 since. The company is now incorjiorated under the title, " Stark Street I-'erry Company," of which A. J. Knott is jiresideiit. 
 
 '• Capt. I'.eorge W. Taylor, better known as the " Cinninodore," was born in .Missouri in iS,ii, and came across the plains to 
 Portland in .November, 185^. His first cniploymeiit in Oregon was in a sawmill at .Milwaiikie, ,ind in the I, inn Citv Mills ,it lln ^mi 
 City, .\fler working on shore iiiuil iSjfi he began steamboatiiig as deekliaiul on the /('«h;V (/,;</■, Captain .\iiisworth, going :t.>iii 
 Iter to the AVX', where he served ,is fireman. lie nest purchased an interest in the //onsii'i, ninning from Oregon Citv to I),iMiiii. 
 and on December 7. i.Shi, bought the steam scow .SV. ('/,//;• above the falls at Oregon City ami jiiloted her over the calariiet the • mie 
 day, accomplishiiig a feat which has never since been altempteil. He ojie rated the SI. C '/ttir between Piirtland and Oregon Cit\ 11 til 
 the s]iring of 18(12, when she was put on the Cascade route. p;arly in i8n.( Captain Taylor took charge of the steamer /:'. P. I- it'i 
 ami ran her niitil antninn, the next season running the diminutive steamer A'< ti Kf to ( iregoii City and tlie Cascades, and IoUoaui); 
 with the little sidewheel /'iomvi in 1,866. He then retired from the river fiir six years and engaged in draying in Portland, iltcr 
 which he acquired the little iirojicller ( hiiiiikk/oii' I'iiiv and used her as a towboat for two seasons, then forming a iiartiiershi]i nil 
 I'red Congilon and buying the ste;iiner Onrnjitii for the same service. He soon juirchased Congdon's interest, ami in |88^ constn te-l 
 the pmiieller Osui\i;i'. which he used in connection with his lightering and wood business In i.S.Si) he pnrchaseil the Saliiii, v. iili 
 he employed, as an excursion steamer and towboat until 181^1, at which time he put her 011 the Dayton ronte, where she has iice 
 continueif, except at intervals while engaged in towing. 
 
 '"S. K. .Smith of the //oosii) has been a conspicuous figure in .Northwestern marine circles for forty vears and has viii 
 considerable swift-water navigation. He assisteil Captain Taylor to bring the .SV. C'laii over the falls at Oregon City, was ^it!l 
 the S/iiis/ioiii' when she came through .Snake River Canyon, ami took the steamer .Siii:cv up the h'raser from Vale to I.vtt'on. I'e is 
 at present residing in Portland, working as a contractor. 
 
The Oregon Steam Navigation Company. Growth of British Colombia Marine Industries 
 
 103 
 
 Sivcral Govenimenl vessels were stationed for a jiortioii of the year at Msciiiimalt, amoii^ tlieiii the fla^jship 
 
 /uii,/hi'//i\ the corvettes Miiliitf and llctal< , and the ji;unl)oats Ciiitpf>li> and I'oiivaid. The latter was sent up to 
 
 Cape Mud>;e to recover some stolen property from the Ilydah Indians, 
 and when its mission was declared the Indians hecanie so hostile that 
 a skirmish ensued, and the commander of the /wrivi/v/ (lri)])ped a few 
 shells amonjf their canoes and cami)s l)ef()re they surrendered their 
 ^ position. Many of their canoes were ruined and several of the tribe 
 
 killed and injured. It was a le.sson they had lonj? needed, and its 
 wholesome effect endured for several months. The steamers Sliubihk 
 and ^fllssa(llllS( Its and the revenue cutter /c/f Pan's represented the 
 United States in the Northwest at different periods during the year. 
 The United .States brig h'nuntlooy sjjent .some time in Coos Hay 
 miking a complete survey of the bar and harbor. Capl. Charles II. 
 Willoiighby '■' was with her as sailing master. 
 
 The Hellingham Hay coal mines furnished business for several 
 coasters which had previously been dependent on lumber fur return 
 freight to San I'rancisco. Among the number thus engaged were the 
 bark Aiiirl/iysl."' which carried away five cargoes with a total of :!,474 
 tons ; the Vukriy, four, 
 1,230 tons; the /h At. I [all, 
 three, 916 tons ; the l.cono- 
 sa, three, 512 tons; and 
 the barks A lick/and. //'. U. 
 StiiiiitoH, A'tii riti/i/ssir and 
 W'liviht, one each, the total 
 aggregating over 2.0c jo tons. 
 
 of which the (/'(/rc/c/ carried 878 tons. The I'nget .Sound lumbering 
 
 iiuhislry attracted many ve.ssels which came from foreign ports in 
 
 ballast, in addition to those which brought cargoes to X'ictoria and 
 
 other ports. This lleet in 1861 included among other craft the ships 
 
 fiiii llriloii. /ubttid, Sa/di/iia, MassdiliKsells. lidilli Rose, Aiii^cla liav, 
 
 and liidituiiaii ; the barks J/unlsiilli\ Oak Hill, Clnis/op/ur Milrlitll, 
 
 I'liiioH, I'loifiicc. Kaffir Cliii/\ Rcliitvcr, A'. /('. Wood, Zona, /■'iniiris 
 
 I'oimn, Adelaide Cooper, Metropolis, and Paliiiello : the Cliilean barks 
 
 Colonel, Picade, .llberlo, and /. .J/. .S'., and the Danish bark /'(i«. The 
 
 hark Ihk was ,sol<l to the Port Discovery Mill Company in 1861 and 
 
 uiiltreil the hunber traffic. Other barks engaged along the coast were 
 
 the .I/i(' r. Xarraiiiissic, Xellie Merrill, Midas, .lliiialia," Industry. I.iie 
 
 Yonkee, and Saitiiiel Merrill, the last four regular liners between San 
 
 Kraiicisco and Northern ports. The barkentines Jane .{. /'alkeiiberi;. 
 
 Captain I'.rskine,'"' and Monitor, and the brigs liiieri^y, .Merehantinan, 
 
 Cait, J. 1). Tackaiikkrv 
 
 ANIiKK\V J, KVOTr 
 
 "Capl. Cliarles II. \Villonj^hl)y wa.s born in New l.oiuloii. Conn.. January i.|, iS^j. and at thf a^e oftwi-ive yt*ars went lo sea 
 as a i-ahiii boy. ro.'^e rai)i(n\- in tbe ranks, and at Ibe a>;e o!" twenty-one took eliar^e ot* a vessel sidling out of \ew York for IlonolnUi 
 and r.u-ilu- p(»rls. lie be^^an running re^uhirly in North raeific waters in tlie early sixties, the /■-V/'c*/ ./;/./'■/ .v*"/ h.avinj^ been one 
 of his I ninnianiis. lie was also on the steamship Pakoto, and I'or several years was s.iiling master on the (dd I'liited .states surve\iii^ 
 hri^' launtlerov. lie was at one time master anil third owner of the pioneer bark .\'<//7(///// W/, , one of the best known vessels on tile 
 Coast 111 her dav. It was while iiinler Captain \Villonnhby that the bark eseeeded all other lonj; pa-saye reeonls. haviiii,' been 
 sixty three ilays from San I-'raneiseo tii Port .\iij;eles isee bark iWirrinnissitK .\ few years later Captain WiUonyhby distin^iiiislied 
 lli^l^ell by saving the sehooner l.olita, wliieh liad stranded on the roel.s in Port Townseiid Hay and had been niveii up by the 
 fapt.iiii. I'or this art lie was ])resente<l with a valuable K<^hl wateh. and received a handsome sum in eash from the San I'raneisco 
 liKU'ivviilers. Retiring from the water in i.S;^, he was ap]ioiiited Indian anent at the Qiiinalt Reservation, retaiiiiiif; the jjosition 
 until Iiis death, March 6, iSSS. 
 
 "The bark Antetltyst, destined in after years to become one of the notable vessels of the Coast, was built in Hostoii in 1S21 
 (if livi 11. tk, copper fastened, and for the first twelve years of her existence ran as a packet betweeti Hoston and Liverpool. The next 
 l\\<i dt ■. .ides were spent in the whalinj.; business. She was then operated in the coal trallic on the Ivistern coast. snbse<|iieiitl\- K^niK 
 to Chilli, where she was used in the coasting traile for a few- years. .She lanie from there to the Pacific Coast, where she was 
 eii^ai^id ill tr.insporliiij^ coal and lumber until almi^ in the eighties, when she attain entereii the whaling service, and would probablv 
 he s,ii;iiit; the ocean yet had she not met with a fatal disaster on the coast of Siberia. 
 
 '' The bark , Uniotia was built in Hoston in tS57 for the Mediterranean trade, but w;i afterward sent to China and from there 
 came [" this coast. .She was registered at the .\storia eustoni-house in 1S62 as owneil bv H. I-'. Smith of Portland. Thomas M. Cutter 
 of llnsti.n, .lud J. \V. and J. C. \'an X'orhis of Walden, Mass. .-Vbel Richardson, her lirsl master, was succeeded by J. J, No\-es, 
 ami C.iptaius Winsor and J. \V. Miller also ran her in the coasting! trade, lii iS7; she was dismasted in a nale olf Cape P'lattery, 
 linved 1 Mil) Victoria and refitted at an expense of several thousand dollars, after which she loaded lumber at Hiirrard's Inlet for 
 .\ustr.i::i. On the way out, in tow of the steamer .V(i«i/(', she ran aground at the entrance to Plumper's Pass, and was so badly 
 Jiuii.i.;' 1 iIku the wreck was sold for ;fl,,VH'. The car^o consisted of 3VJ.<xni feet of lumber, most of which w.-is sa\-ed. The vessel 
 was ,,;i,-nvard released by the Cariboo Fly and a^ain repaired and set alloat. In iSSii she again came to grief on the coast of China, 
 Koiiin idiore while e» route frcnn Too Chow to .SJiaii^jhai. 
 
 ' Caiit. Melville C. Erskine was born in Bristol, Maine, in I.S(6, and cointneiiced his marine service on the .\tlantic as 
 iippri I.:. L' boy on the ship /iastern Queen, riuniiti^ to Liverpool. In 1.S53 he made a voyage to .\ustralia on the ship k'ote Sreeettontt 
 
 ■■•' ! (■ 
 
 'M: 
 
 i! 
 
w 
 
 \\\ 
 
 U14 
 
 Lewis (f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 ■i 
 
 P 
 
 %^.. 
 
 T/ 
 
 E^ 
 
 ■X y 
 
 mt 
 
 j^^e^^KTT^H 
 
 Capi. Mhi.vii.lk c. Kkskim- 
 
 ./«;/ /Ii-niard, Sunny South, F.mily W. Sayburn, Ciimca, Shict Aiuhor, ('. Ciininll. ('/iris/iaii ant\ '/'(vn/rr wvri: 
 
 also coasting, some of them making voyages to the Samhvich Ishiniis aiui Soiitli American ports. Several 
 
 schooners for the local service were built on the Sound this year, and with the old-timers comprised a good-sized 
 
 fleet. Among those not previously mentioned were the Flyini; .UisI, liniiiibhr, (iciirrdl ,Ui»xtiii, /faiiihih, 
 
 Riibicoii, RiilUss, U'/'nx'iJA'iKir, Sarali Xfuloii, I'.lla /•'loniin-, '/'ohano, /\xploii>. (iir/i.t, /ii/i) and k'nlydiil. 
 
 At the month of the Columbia the schooners .Ibc l.iiuvln and /.ouh<i and the sloop J'liiniy were launcluil, 
 
 the latter by Fred Ketchum, who built the Waxr in 1S46. The /.oidsii was 
 
 run by Capt. P. Iv. Ferchen," and the .Uu- Limohi to Shoahvater Bay by 
 
 George S. Foster. George \V. Warren and William Hochan were afterward 
 
 owners of the ves.sel and continued to operate her in the same locality. The 
 
 schooner ]\'ooJpt<kft\ which came from luigland, bringing machinery and 
 
 supplies for the Barclay Sound Mill Company, sailed between Portland and 
 
 N'ictoria. and made a few successful trips, but met her fate while crossing out 
 
 of the Columbia, May loth, with a caigo of flour, provisions, and 1(14 head 
 
 of cattle. The schooner left Raker's Bay at i2:,^o. May loth, in charge of 
 
 Capt. Alfred Crosby, the bar pilot. In atteini)ting to sail out .she missed stays 
 
 and got into the breakers. She let go her anchors, but afterward slipped 
 
 them and tried to work out, but was prevented from doing so by the flood 
 
 tide. She finally struck in ten feet of water. The cattle were immediately 
 
 thrown overboard to lighten the ves.sel, but by the time this was accomplished 
 
 she was striking heavily, and the water reached a depth of thirteen inches in 
 
 the well. This was increased to three feet in less than an hour, and, as she 
 
 was .settling fast, the crew were compelled to abandon her without even secur- 
 ing their personal effects. They were picked up by the pilot boat Cali/oniut 
 
 and taken to Astoria. Ves.sel and cargo proved a total loss, although the 
 
 residents in the vicinity of Clat.sop beach secured enough flour to last them for 
 
 several months, and William Chance managed to land one of the cows alive. 
 
 The \\'oodf>iiKii was a composite schooner and was valued at about Si.s.ixin. 
 Union Bar on the Fra.ser River, two miles above Hope, was the .scene 
 
 of a terrible steamboat explosion on the afternoon of April 14, 1861. The 
 
 steamer /v;/ )'ali\ Capt. Smith B. Jamieson, while passing this point was blown to 
 pieces, instantly killing five men and wounding several others. The destruction of 
 the boat was so complete that it seems a miracle that any one escaiied. Among llie 
 passengers was Capt. William Irving, of the rival steamer Ct'loiif/ .lAwi/y. CaiUaiii 
 Irving was in the pilot-house a few moments before the accident occurred, and when 
 the dinner bell rang offered to steer while Captain Jamieson went below. Jamieson 
 laughingly remarked that he would not trust his boat in the hands of an opposition 
 pilot, so Irving left him and, in company with Messrs. Langley, Stevens, Yale, and 
 Landvoight, Dr. Oliver. Captain Grant, H. S. Alley, purser Barnard and barteiKiii 
 Barry, seated himself at the table. A moment later the explosion occurred. Ivveiy- 
 thing above the deck was razed, and, as the dismantled wreck floated down the river, 
 the few who were still able to render aid extricated the bodies of the dead and 
 wounded from the debris. Those killed outright were : Smith B. Jamieson, captain ; 
 James Growler, fireman ; Joshua Buchanan, cook ; an unknown deckhand, and Sanuiel 
 Powers, a blacksmith of Hope. The injured were . Thomas King, a deckhand, wlio 
 lost a leg; James Allison, Captain Grant, Dr. Oliver, J. l.aiigley, and others. 
 
 Kngineer McGreavy e.scaped without serious injury. Captain Jamie.son was a brother of Capt. Robert Jamiesnii. 
 
 who lost his life when the steamer Portland went over the falls of the Willamette, and of Capt. Archibald 
 
 Jamie.son and Kngineer Jamie.son, who were killed by the explosion of the Cariboo a few months later. While 
 
 antl returned to New York a.s second male. In 1-^56 he was master of the bark litdian Queen plyinj; to the Mediterranean, and two 
 years later rounded the Horn to California as male on Ihe ship Ocioii liillf, leaving her lo lake llic same jiosition on Ihe famous "M 
 coaster A/rv Yuukee, which he hehl for a season, jinil then ioined the luilkenhetx, servinj^ as male jtnd master ihirin^ the next twu 
 years. In 1S62 he entereil the service of the Pacific Mail Company as mate on the v'eanishiii /'tuilic. remainini; with them until 
 1S65. He was on the /Irolher /oiialluiii for a lime, hut left her the trip hefore her liiss and went to Viclnria, wiiere he was .i;i.en 
 coniinanil of the /■'idelairr, which he retained niilil 1S6S. He was snhse(|nenlly in charge of the steamer . llrMiiidn, and was w:th 
 her and on the steamer Cons/iiiifiHf until 1H75, dnrin),' thai lime ruiininf; the latter as the first renul.ir mail steamer on the .Xla-ka 
 route, sailing from Port Townsend and calling at San Juan Island, Tonkas, Wrangel and Silka. In .\nnnst, 1S75, he went lo I'litla- 
 del].hia and brought out the new steamer .SV. /'an/ for the .Maska Commercial Company, arriving in San I'raucisco in March. 1S77, 
 which at once went on the Alaska route. He continued there until l-'ebruary, 1S93, when he was appointed lo his present poslitioii .is 
 pilot on the San I'rancisco bar. Captain I'>skine has had nearly forty years' experience on Ihe Pacific Coast, .and during all tital 
 period has never lost a man. 
 
 "Capt. P. I',. Kerchen, who was one of the crew of the pilol-boat Caiil'oniiii in iSjs. was born in C.ermany in iSvt and bej,in 
 his marine career in the German Navy. He came to America in 1S50 and in 1S52 was employed on a lowbiiat on the lower Mi- is- 
 sii)jii, remaining there until i-Ss.S. when he came to the Cohnnbia. I'pon leaving the bar service he engaged in steambo.-itiug. id 
 after working his way up w.as apjiointed one of the .Slate pilots, a position in which he has been very snccessfid and which he still li Is. 
 
 Cait. Chas. n. \viLi.i»r(.iniv 
 
Thv Orvgon Steaw Navigation Company, Growth of British Columbii) Marine Industries 
 
 >05 
 
 till- '.oirihle calamities on the Cariboo and /'or/ Vale resulted in serious loss of life and property, yet the 
 caiHi/iiiK "f " coujparatively insignificaiit freight scow on the Fraser caused more ileaths tlian both of the 
 stLMinlioat disasters. The scow was owned hy iJietz & Hiillene, who had been freighting for several months on 
 llu n\rr, em|)loying Indians to pull the llatboat up and iiown the stream. On a down trip in Decend>er the boat 
 w.i-^ (jvcruirned at a place known as Three Riffles, in the big canyon, and Captain Bullene, a Norwegian boatman, 
 aiul iwclve Indians, were drowned. 
 
 The brig /'erscverc. from San Francisco for Victoria, a rotten old Dutch built vessel whose days of 
 iisiluhiess were over a gre.* many years before she started on her last trip, foundered aliout forty miles 
 ofi" C.ipe Flattery in Septf n.ber, 1861. She had been lying idle in San Francisco for many months, and only 
 R-ceiilly had been hauled out and puttied up for the occasion. As soon as she began to sink the crew 
 nislu'il for the boats, leaving everything behind them, and the last man was hardly over the rail before 
 she disappeared. The survivors headed for Tatoosh, where they were kindly cared for by the keeper until 
 till' arrival of the Sierra Nevada, which took them to Portland. The bark C/eopalra, a well known vessel in 
 tlif N'orlhwest, was burned ofT the coast of Southern California while eii route from the Sound with a cargo 
 of lMiiil)er. The disaster occurred July ist, and, when the survivors reached San Franci.sco, the underwriters 
 \vi.re dissatisfied with the report and cau.sed the arrest of G. T. .Smith, the captain, and Samuel Stanton, the mate, 
 iliar^'iiig them with having set fire to the vessel. An investigation was held, but the men succeeded in clearing 
 tlieiaselves. Among the deaths of the year were Captains Smith H. Jamieson, Archibald Jamie.son and James H. 
 JamiiMHi, Capt. George W. Staples, Capt. R. L. Whiting of the Pacific Mail steamers, Capt. John Gibbs of Port 
 Tcnviiscnd, a well known deep-wattr man, Charles R. Robson, lieutenant-commander of H. II. M. gunboat 
 /'in-aiin/. and Michael Charlton, engineer of H. H. M. ship V'(i/>ac. 
 
 ,'1! 
 
 liH 
 
 '\ 
 
 li ;■ ■,■'■' 
 
 '\mm\ 
 
 m 
 
|M 
 
 ' I 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Thk (lOi.DKN Days ok tiik Okkc.on Stkam Navkiaiiun Company — Thk I'koi'I.k's Tkanspoktation 
 Company— I'oKTi.ANU's 1'irst Skasihk Uoat — Hdi.i.ahay's Jio.ixx) a Month Siiisidy — British 
 Stkamers "TiiAMiis" and "Diana" — Captain Ikyinc's " Riu.ianck "— Wii.i.iam Mookk Ophns 
 
 NaVICATION on tiik STICKKKN RlYHK — STKAMKR "SiII'HKICK" X'EKSl'S I'ORT TOWNSEND — TlIK 
 Ol.niiST SllIPMASTKR IN TIIK NoRTIIWHST — WRKCK OK SCHOONKR "ToI.O," HARK " AnN HARNAHI), " 
 
 ANii Schooner " Brant "— Ivstahi.ishmknt gi- Stkamuoat Inspector's Oi-kick in Portland 
 —War and Peace Bktwkkn tiik Okkc.on Steam Nayication and Pkopi.k's Transportation 
 CoMPANiKS— Many \k\v Stkamkrs Brii.T— Thk First Stkamkr Ovkk thk Rapids at Cki.ii.o-- 
 Pionker SoiND Stkamkrs "J. B. Liiihy ' and "Mary Woodrci-i- " — British Coli'mhia Lakk 
 Stkamkrs " Princk ok Walks.' " Princk Alkrkd." and "Skaton" — Tiik " Narkamissic's" 
 I.onc, Trip ikom .San Francisco to thk .Sound — Tiik Stkamkr "New World" Arkiyks on tiik 
 Coh'mmia— Stkami;rs 'Cascadics" "Vakima," and "Owyiikk" — " Fannik Troip," ".Sknator, " 
 AND " Rki.ianci;" —Tiik "Maria" I'oki-kitiid to tiik rMTKU Statks Goykrnmknt — Tin; 
 "Celii.o" the Second Stkamkr Over tiik Cascades— Tiiic " Fiui.latkk ' — William Moork's 
 .Stkamkr " Alkxaxi-ria " — Captain Jimmy Jonks' Cki.kmratkd Cri'isk with tiik "Jknny 
 Jones" — Picet .Soi'nd Stkamkrs "Black Diamond " and " Pionkkr " —The Trc. "Cyris 
 Walker" — \'ictoria's First Pilot .Schooner — Wreck ok the Barks "Iwanowna" and 
 "Ocean Bird, " and Schooner "Cornelia Terry "—Boilkr Explosion on Stkamkr "Mary 
 woodrii'i. " 
 
 lOIITlCl'X Hl'NDRKD AN'D SIXTV-TWO was the Imtiner year of Coliim!)i:i 
 River steainl)oating, and everytliiiij; which cuuUl turn a wheel fouml ahundant ami 
 profitable oceitpatioti. Tiie principal cause of the rush, which was at this time fairly 
 under way, was the discovery of the .Salmon River mines; and every steamship thai 
 left .San I'Vancisco for the north was crowded 
 to its utmost capacity with gold-hunters hast- 
 ening to the mines. The fleet running to the 
 Ca.scades was fretjuently unable to handle the 
 people who arrived on the ocean steamships, 
 and the portage was blocked with freight for 
 
 days at a time. The Julia, the Carrie I.add, and later the Wilson G. 
 
 Hunt, were in the Oregon Steam Navigation Company's service as 
 
 passenger .steamers on this route, with the Rival and Imlrfniidciuc oper- 
 ated exclusively for freight and stock. A trip of either of the regular 
 
 steamers with less than two hundred jiassengers was deemed light. 
 
 Some idea may be formed of the vast number of arrivals when it is 
 
 stated that the steamshi]) ISrothcr Jonalhaii. on a single trip in April, 
 
 landed one thousand jiersons in Portland. The Oregon .Steam Naviga- 
 tion Company were unable to retain a monopoly of this fine traffic, as a 
 
 number of opposition .schemes sprang up during the year, all tending to 
 
 divert some of the profits from its coffers. The steamer Maria was 
 
 brought around from the Frase. River to inaugurate a rival system to 
 
 the upper country, to be known as the Independent Line, but was .seized 
 
 by the Government on a technical charge soon after her advent, and 
 
 sub.sequently cut but a small figure in transportation matters. It was 
 
 the intention of her owners to have her connect at the Ca.scades with the steamer J)allis, on the middle river, am' 
 
 with the new steamer Pray, or Spray, as she was afterward called, on the upper river. The last-named steamti 
 
 C.M'T, AI.l-:.\ V- .^NKKN\ 
 
The Oregnn Strani Naviy-itinii Company's Bvst l):iys, M:iiiy New StcumtTs in Pnyft Sound W:)trrs 107 
 
 a.isi.uill ill tiK' siiniiiier of iHr>j at IVs Cliiitfs liy H. W. CorlifU, Capl. A. 1'. Ankeiiy.' Dr. D. S. llaktr, 
 W;]'.: 1111 (laics, and Capt, Iv. W. ltaiiKlitii>>ii, tliu latter luaviti^ tlif ( )rtn<)ii Slt-aiii NaviKatioii C<)m|iaiiy to takt- 
 iniinn.iiul. She was a very profitahlf boat and jiaid for liersclt" tha-i.' tiinus over during the first five iiioiillis that 
 slu- A.i^ ill eoiniiiissioii ; hut in Marcli, iMfi.^, the Ore^joii Steam NaviKatioii Coiii|)aiiy gathered her in. as they did 
 iMntliiiiK which iiiterfereil with tlieir business on the river. After tile ehaii;;e of ownership she \va-< eoininanded 
 h\ Cipl Charles l''eltoii until iS(i4, when Capl. J. II. 1). (Iray took c'liar),'e and ran her nntil isf.;, lieiiin sneceeded 
 In Cipl. Thomas Stump. The .S/>i<n' was a short lived boat, and, when she wore out, her engines uere taken to 
 I'uill.iiicl and placed in the steamer On'inf, while the boiler was used for a time in the/ix/V .U<A'i(i>. The dimensions 
 ul tin- steamer were : length, ii'i feet: beam, 22 feet 9 inches; depth of hold. 5 feet ; engines, 14 x 4S inches. 
 .Vniilhcr contestant for the rich traffic of the Colnmbia was Captain \'an MeiKeii, who secured the mail contract 
 liilutrii Portland and The Dalles, and was early in the field with an organi/.-ition which he termed the People's 
 Line, llie steamers . /i/cAf/i/i' and .S7. ( 7i(//- perl'orminn the service lielow the Cascades and connecting with the 
 ste, liner Jht/lis plyiilj; above the rapids. The I .iiinlhiin also ran between Portland and the Cascades for a short 
 time She was owned by Capt. Richard IIo\t, and was chartered to Mossniaii i*v: 
 Co to cirrv express matter to the Cascades to connect with \aii HerKcn's steamer 
 uii llie middle river. 
 
 It was late in |8'>J before these ventures were fairh under wav. and 
 imiinvliile the Oregon .Steam Xavi^jation Com]>any enjoyed a prosperity bejoiid 
 ;ill pKi'cdent. I'Vom figures obtained from the books kept at The Dalles office 
 (il Ihe company, the following statement is made: The receipts from passage 
 iiKiiiiy (111 the ( 'oU'iiil U'rix'/i/ on the up trips were : March ajtii, S-.'ia.S ; March 
 Jvlli. Si.44'> ; March ,?ist, Ji,,s7<> ; '/'ri/i'iio, April 9th, $1,405: O leu 11 01; <i 11, .\pril 
 iitli, S,v.S4o : April i.slh, 5i,6:;j.,v>; April i,stli, 5i,i)ji): '/'iiihn>. .\pril jjd, 
 >;,-•;.': (U-iii/(it;iiii, April JSth, S.i.f'.v : If'iino. Ajiril 27th, S.vi.Sy; .April ^(jth. 
 j.'.iiji : May 5th, 56,-,So: (U-<i/i<>i;<iii. .May iith, $.',145; I'ltiiiio. Ma>' i.^th. 
 Jiii.iiis; OkiuiOfian, May 17th, Sj.j'is ; May .Jdtli, $6,(115. These amounts are 
 fur tickets sold at The Dalles office for the up trips only. While the travel 
 iluwn stream was not nearly so large :it this period, the pursers on the Kewiston 
 hoats turned in cash fares of from $1,100 to $4,000 each trip, and the returns 
 fruiii heights were something enormous. One up trip of the Tiiiino in May produceil over $i,S,o(io for freight, 
 faas, meals and berths. There were other sources of revenue which, while seeming insignificant in those days, 
 wciiild be regarded as remarkable at the ])rese!it time. Among the " extras " was the bar privilege on the 
 sleaiiiers. which realized a monthly income of $1,2011 from the Ttiiiuo and Okmioiniii. while the disiienser of 
 lii|iiiils on the Idaho contributed S.iO" per month for the ]irivilege of catering to the traveler 011 the middle river. 
 
 .\uiong the many aspirants for a share in the gohleii harvest from the mining excitement was the steamer 
 Lits^iulilUt. which appeared on the upper river in the fall under the management of the jiioneer \V. H. dray and 
 liisMiii. Capt. \V. I'. Gray.' The Ciisnid/llti. a diminutive sternwheeler of small power built at Celilo by W. II. 
 (hay, Jacob Kiminel, and James Robbins, was launched in October, i.Sdj. and ran between Celilo and 
 Walhila until the river closed, and in the following spring wa.-i taken to I.ewiston and operated on the 
 CU.uwater between that point and h'ort Lapwai, making occasional trips to the mouth of the .\sotin River :ibove 
 I.ewiston. In the fall of iS6;^ Oray sold his interest in the ste;inier to Capt. Leonard White and R. X. White, 
 
 CAI'I . 'I'MUMAS 
 
 C^ijit. .\le.v:iii(k'r 1'. .\nkciiy wa'- liorii in IVmisylvaiiia in iSi,^ ami cMiiie ti> Oriumi in isso. He wa.s lir.st iiijra^fil in 
 siiMiiilioalin^ on the Willainette Kivcr al the linie of llu- or^ani/atimi of lln.' i ire^on .S'A'ain N.avij^ation Company, wiit'ii lit- was llie 
 prill, ipal owiuT in llie sleain ferry-lio.ii /;/(/, />(''/<Av/, v. wliicli lie slaiti'il on llie Casoaile roiiU- in opposition. Tlif ///.//■/>( 7/, Av/, r' was an 
 .M^iiliiiliiant craft, Ian anytliin^ wliiih immiIiI carrv I'leiHlil was vahialile in llicwi. ilays, ami tlir Dickon Steam Navi),Mli(Hi i.'oin]iany 
 sdnii 111, nit' it an olijiTt for Captain .\nkeny to jtn'ii fon-i s with tiit-m. .M'ttT st-llin^ the Inilt f^i tulifut' lie was intfiesteil in the Sputy 
 nil till' uppiT nver, until she passed into tlu' hamls of the all-alisinhinj; eoiii|iaiiy, ami snliseipieiitly emharkeil in a iinmher of larKe 
 iniiinuM'i'i.il enterprises asliore, all of whieli teinletl to the growth ;iml 'levelopment of the Norlluvest. ami in whieh he sneeeeileil in 
 a.-etiiiuilatiny a fortune. He ilieil at Salein. Or., Mareh .^,^. iSyi. 
 
 Capt. Thomas Stump was horn in NashvilU', Tenii.. in i.Sjg. ami eaine aeross the plains in 1S49 with his father anil hrother. 
 On :iiriviiiK ill CaliCoriiia he heKan rnnning on a small sternwheeler plyiiiy hetween Saerameiito ami Marysville in 1S50, ami shortly 
 atteiu.ird entered the service of the California .Steam Navigation Coniiiatiy. eoniinuing with them niilil he w.-is employed hy Cap'. 
 J. C. .Ainsworth to j;o to ( >rej(oii and take eharye of the i'olofit'l It'fii^/i/. He was sent to the headwaters of the Snake with the 
 stiMiiit-r as soon as he arrived, and was afterward in conim.'ind of iiearl\- all of the upper Coliinihia and .Smike Ri\fr lleet. reinainiii^ 
 in iiiti\e service until his death, which occurred .\uj<iist i,v iSSi, while I'lnniii^ down from I.ewiston with the sti-amer S/^i<^;riir. Me 
 w.iMii the pilothonse, and his pilot. Van I'ell, was at the wheel. .\s they were passinj; a point ahoiil twenty miles hehnv Kiparia, 
 Capi.iin Stninp. who hail been conversing with \'an Pell, snddenh- swayi'd and fell aj^aiiisl the jiilot, who can^^ht him hefore he 
 slMuk the deck. .Assislancc was iinmeiliately rendered, lint his death had hecn instantaneous. In additicni to heiiig a lhoronnh 
 stc.iiiilioatman, he was a genial, warm-hearted fellow, who left a host of friends all over the Norlhwest. 
 
 'Capt. William 1'. Ciray, the second son of the pioneer \V. II. I'lray, washorn at DieKon City in 1S15, and he^aii steanilioatin^ 
 with his father on the steamer Casttitflllti on the upjier Coluinhia in iShi. althouj^h he had previonsl\- sailed a sloop on the fraser 
 KiM I. .Vfter leaving the I'liuriliUii he served as pilot 011 the Colitiiil ll'ri^'/i/ with Capt. Thomas Stump, having heeii with him 
 ulu 11 he tried to take the steamer Ihriui^h Snake River Canyon. He ran on several of the Oregon Steam Navi^^ation Company's 
 
 rill tin 
 
 iiiildle 
 
 id n 
 
 pper Colnmbia, and from there went to the lower river and the np])er Willan 
 
 id V.atnlii 
 
 He spent 
 
 sevii.,1 months iiavi^;ating the waters of the Stickeen, and has been on several routes ini I'nuet Sound. In ISSS he took the steamer 
 ' '.'; 'f /■'//fiis/>iiiff, tile first boat ever taken tlironnh Rock Islaml Rapids, from I'asco to the mouth of the < ikananan River. Captain 
 ('■r.i\ was on the /■'. .S'. (iraiil when she was wrecked at Fort Caiiby. and has been in several very tinht jilaces during his long career, 
 but 11. IS alwavs been fortunate with the main' steamers he has handled. He is at iirescnt liviiie .at I'asco, where the pyfifiiiif: 
 
 of which he had command when she was ii 
 
 I commission, is 
 
 lied 
 
 i !(■' 
 
 ■il 
 
 np. 
 
loS 
 
 Lewis (J Drydun'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 who used tilt' boat princip illy lictwcoii Wallula mid I'rifsts Rapids, and finally disposed of tier to tin- Orc^jMii 
 Stt-am Navigation Coiiipaiiy, wlio removi'd tlif ciiKint-vs and placed IIilmii in a stcaint.T on Clark's l-'ork of llit 
 Columbia. Tlie Casnuiilh was one hundred anil six feet lon>{, eiKhteeii feet beam, and three feet six inches hoM, 
 with engines eitiht by thirty inches. 
 
 'riic Oregon .Sttam \avi>;ati()n Company had heretofore expericnceil no trouble in buying out or whipping 
 in anything that disputed their sway, but the hardest opposition which tiny had yet eiicouiilired made iN 
 apiiearaiice in i.'Sdj, when the People's Transportation Company came into existence. The new organization was 
 an important factor in the river bnsine.ss from the start, and for ten years continued to grow until it assuimd 
 jiroportions nearly eipial to its mighty rival in the days of its infancy. Nearly all of the steamboatnien who wi rt 
 not connected with the Oregon Steam Navigation Company were either taken into the People's Tratisportatinii 
 Company at its inception, or afterward accpiired an interest, but the princijials in the formation of the comp.inv 
 were the McCnllys,' S. T. Church. Iv N. Cook, Iv W. Haughinaii, Stephen Coilin, and J. I). Hiles There vMrc 
 sixty-five stockholders scattered along the Willamette River from Kngeiie to Portland, and when the organization 
 was perfected the company owned the steamers /iitiirs Ctinton, RcUcf, and /uilirprisi'. Stephen CoflSn was 
 president in i,Sf)j, and Iv N. Cook and the MeCuUys, directors. The latter had enjoyed some experience in 
 steamboating through their investment of 5?.oik) in the Clinton to assert their independence of steanilinui 
 combines, having been at that time heavy shippers. Klushed with their success in driving all rivalry from llie 
 Willamette River, the new company looked for larger fields and decided that they would attempt to secure some 
 of the immense business which the Oregon Steam Navigation Conijjany was handling on the Columbia. They 
 built the steamer H. D. liako- to run to the Ca.scades, and the /;•/,( for the middle river, and for a connection above 
 The r)alKs used the steamer A'iyiis. The Oregon Steam Navigation Company started the steamer W'ihon (,. 
 Hunt after them on the Cascade route, and fares and freights suffered accordingly. The /liikrr was a fast biial 
 and freijuently outstripped her big rival on the run between the Cascades anil 
 Portland. The steamboat war continued until the summer following the appearaiict 
 of the People's Transportation Company, which had succeeded in contracting debts lu 
 the extent of $(15,000 in their efTorts to establish the opposing line. A reorganizati(,n 
 W 2 was effected, with David McCully, president; I,. S. I'arrish, vice-i>resi(lent ; T. MiK 
 
 TL ^"^ Patton, secretary; D. McCnlly, J. S. Parrish, J. I). Hiles. K. N. Cook, S. T. Church, 
 
 ^^Jil^* and T. McF. Patton, directors. The new officers undertook to raise enough money to 
 
 ^Kfm clear off the incumbrances and put the business on a .sound basis, but, while they were 
 
 ^^^^^^^k negotiating, W. S. Ladd, representing the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, called 
 
 'I^^^B^I^B^ on McCully and proposed a compromise which would enable all parties concerned to 
 
 P^^^^^VP recoup the losses they had sustained in the contest for supremacy. McCully signiliwl 
 
 ^^JP^ his willingness to exchange the /ris and the h'iyiis on the Columbia for the steamers 
 
 ()n:ni>i/, J\i:al and Surprise controlled by the Oregon Steam Navigation Company on 
 the Willamette, and to withdraw from the Columbia River, for a bonus of $l•^,l<^lO. 
 After some time spent in arguing the matter, the Oregon Steam Navigation Company 
 finally made an ofTer of 55,000, which was declined. Kach retired for a conference 
 •■' Company's officials secretly decided to accept $~.$oo. Much to their satisfaction the 
 'pany's officials returned with a proposal of Sio.ooo, which was accepted, and llie 
 
 
 s. r. ciii'RLii 
 
 The People's Transportati; 
 Oregon Steam Navigation 
 transfer was soon made. 
 
 h'or ten years following this agreement each of the big corp'.irat'uns kept strictly within the bounds of the 
 territory agreed upon. One of the first additions to the People's Tiansportation Company's fleet was the iiesv 
 steamer Sena/or, built by Capt. Joseph Kellogg for the Oregon City .oute ; and, as he came into the company with 
 his steamer, the arrangement was very desirable. While the company met with some reverses, and was alwavs 
 troubled to a certain extent by competition, yet it continued to prosper, and the profits were expended in 
 
 f 
 
 'Oaviil McCully, and his lirotlier Asa A. McCully, were lioru in the province of .New Hrunswick, the former in the year 1^ 
 and the latter in iSiS. While liotli were children their parents eniiKrateil to Iowa. In 1.S52 the two hrotliers came overlanJ 
 Oregon and settled at Ilarrishur^;, where lhe>' engaged in general incrchandising, with which tht.y were quite successful, but \m 
 soinewhat hatnlicnppeil hy having lieen conii)elle<l to haul their kooiIs part of the way in wagons instead of j;etting them bv steann 
 as their rivals farther down the river were eimbled to do. \\\ endeavor to remedy this state of affairs was the means of making tli. 
 prominent factors in the marine business for many years. Thev starte<l a shipment of fifty tons of freight from I'ortland on 1 
 steamer I'oil/nml in i.\'i,S. with the uuderstandinK that it was to be transferred to the /iiiler/trisi' above tlie falls, ami by the \t\\: 
 steamer taken throuKh to Harrisburg. When the l'.nltil>iiif reached Corvallis the citizens of that place threatened to withdraw tli. 
 patronage from the boat if she atlcntpted to nnike any other poit the head of navigation, and brou>;lit so much pressure to beat 
 Captain Jamieson that he unloa<led tlie goods at that jioint, a proceeding which aroused the ire of the McCnlhs, and they at on 
 sought for a boat which they could control. I heir success in this undertaking has been already related, and from the time tli 
 secnrcil the steamer /<;»«( s Cliiilon, until they retired from the ilirection of the I'eople's Transportation Company, they made g <■ 
 records as steainboatmen, their policy in all cases being to include as many stockholders as possible ill their enterprises with' 
 allowing the management to pass from their hands. lioth withdrew from steamboating shortly after the Transportation Conip.n 
 ceased to exist, and died near Salem a few years ago. 
 
 ' !•;. N. Cook was born ill Jefferson County, N. V., in 1810, and in 1851 started acro.ss the plains to Oregon, slopping fi" 
 short time at .Salt Lake City and then proceeding to the Willamette Valley. He engaged in business at Salem, and, when I):i» 
 McCully was seeking reinforcements to aid in liis approaching conflict with the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, Mr. Ci 
 became a willing ally, an<l remained with the I'eople's Transportation Company as a director from the time of its orgamzation un 
 it passed into the possession of l!en IloUaday, when he retired and resided at Salem until his death, May 6, 1879. 
 
I 
 
 The Oregon Sham Navigation Contpan/» Be$t Da^t, Many Ni'w Steamert in Puget Sound Waters 109 
 
 cl who 
 
 The 
 
 structed the < 
 
 It) and hi 
 
 OrcKoii Ci 
 
 1(1 
 
 .1 
 
 im|'i"viiiK il.t steamers ; 
 
 pill. 1 of siu-cess, Imt sllghlly inlerrtipted, \imil the comiiU-tKiii ol the locks at Oregon City hy tlii' Willaiuetti' 
 |,n, ; \ Traiisportnlioii C<)iii|)aiiy. The I'eoplf's 'rratis|)()rtiilioii Compiifiy, haviiiK iiivesti'd a lar^jc iimmiit in 
 liiiil iiiiH a Wasiii aliovi' the tails to facihtate tlie trans sliipiiicnl <!!' IVfinht, whicli wonid \>v rfiidtTucl iisili^ss if tliev 
 p.ilHuii/td the new waterway, refused to change their transportation inetliods ; and the rival company, in 
 rit,ilMtinii, proceeded to construct tile steamers WillunirHi- Cliif/, /ifnier awX (lovoHot- Groiir. The People's 
 Tt.iii''lii>rtation Company owned the steamers luilitfihi-, /uimiy /'ullon, Albany, li. A', Cook. Aliif. Ailiie. Aliii. 
 I\,h,\ .SiKCfss and Oincard ; and, not wishing to risk a prolonged contest, the entire stock of the company was 
 siilil to Men Ilolladay for ^i,2tn>,^*>l<. l'"inancial diflicidties siil>se(iiieiitly overwhelmed lloUaday, and he was forced 
 toMll III the Oregon Suam Navigation Company, which ha<l already commenced work on the steamers (';/V'm^ 
 lh,i,liiit and /loiiii>i:ti, to lie used on the Willamette. Thus ended the People's Transportation Company, whicli 
 iliiriiiK its existence had expended over a million dollars for steamlioats, docks and improvements. 
 
 Owing to the fact that low water between Clackamas Rapids and Oregon City had always caused trouble 
 ihiiuiK certain seasons when there was not sufTicient depth for the larger boats. Captain .Ainsworth ])ut the 
 steamer Skidaddh on that portion of the river in i8rij. She was a small steam barge thirty six feet long, with a 
 seven by twelve engine, built by Cajit. (leorge Pease, who also constructed at the same time her exact 
 ciiiiiiterpart, wdiich was to be used without steam. The Skr<t<uliile was in charge of Cyrus I.ocey, and did not 
 stand well enough in the estimation of the inspectors to be permitted to go below the mouth of the Willamette. 
 
 A new branch of steamboat business on the Columbia, which iu after years assumed great importance, was 
 started in 1862. The population and wealth of Portland had increased 
 tci such an extent that its inhabitants sought summer recreation at the 
 
 seashore, and the Jennii- Chuk was the first regular "seaside" boat from ' 
 
 tile metropolis. She commenced running weekly to Fort Clatsop, on the 
 Lewis v'v Clarke River, iu July ; and, although her crowds were small in 
 ciiiiiparison with those which in recent seasons have thronged seaward 
 on the Aloskivi. (Ilyiiifiinii, (^<fini \\'uri\ '/'i/if>liviir, /'oiler, and other 
 boats, it is a (|Ucstion whether the later-day sojourners find as much 
 cnjoyiiieiit as did the few who paid fifteen dollars for the round trip on 
 the /iiiiiif ('/(irkiw iSC^:. Aside from the occasional trips of the latter 
 steamer, the Oregon Steam Navigation Comi)any confined its operations 
 almost entirely to the Cascade route and the upper Columbia. In 
 addition to biiiUling the steamers mentioned for the Willamette and 
 arranging for others to follow during the next year. Captain Ainsworth 
 went to San Franci.sco and purcha.sed the iron for fifteen miles of railroad 
 lietween The Dalles and the u|)per river. This was the beginning of the 
 extensive railroad system afterward operated by the Oregon Steam Navi- 
 j;atioii Company and its successors. An incident showing the attitude of 
 till- coiiipany toward its emidoyces was the presentation, in iHfi2, of a gold 
 watch to each of the following masters : John H. Wolf" of the /«//<;, John 
 McNulty of the Idaho, H. W. Haughnian of the Tiiiiuo, and Leonard 
 White of the Coloiul U'/ 11; III, an act of gracious appreciation of faithful 
 service much at variance with the customs of those in power in later years. 
 
 Owing to the heavy pa.ssenger travel on the ocean routes, the steamships made faster time than ever before. 
 Till Sicn;i Ni-r<uiii. Captain Conner, accomplished the voyage from San Francisco lo Portland, in .\pril. in 
 seventy-two hours, then claimed to be the fastest trip on record ; but a few weeks later the Itivtlu r /oiialliaii 
 tot, illy eclipsed that performance by making the same run in sixty-nine hours and ten minutes. There was but 
 litllv change in the steamers plying direct to the Columbia at this time, but on the Sound the new firm of 
 Hollailay & I'Mint had some competition from the steamship llcnuaii. which made a few passages at reduced 
 rates The lltiman was not of a very high order, but she proved troublesome enough to secure a monthly 
 subsidy of $10,000 to withdraw. Ilolladay iS: I'liiit had contracted with the Dominion ('Fovernmeut to run 
 forliiijjhtly mail steamers to \'ictoria, receiving for the service a bounty of $5,000 per mouth, and prior to the 
 iiiaii^;uratiou of oiiposition a trip with less than Sio,ooo in fares was considered a light one ; so the amount paid to 
 retain a monopoly of the business was easily recouped. 
 
 CaI'T. .I"I1N M. Wi 
 
 Sllr 
 
 r.mh. 
 
 to 1,.. 
 
 from 
 
 .\l v., 
 
 Wiil.i 
 
 Uiu'^ 
 
 Itlt'lM 
 ill 1 
 
 Ciipt. Joliii I!. Wolf, wild saw more yuars of eoiuiiiumis service witli tlie Dreynn Sleiiiii Navi;;ation Company ami it ; 
 ssors tliaii any oilier cajitain in llicir employ, was liorii in (ierinany in 1S2.1 and ranie to I )rfH"n in i.SsJ on llu' soliooiiiT 
 "Hv, which he left soon afttT arrival anil coiiimeiiceil slfainlioalinK on thf olil .ifiilhi.iiihili with Capt. Richanl Iloyl. Sr. Uuick 
 irn, and a general favorite with every one, the youiiK man was soon pronioteil, in (Uic season lieiaine captain of ihe Hrllc. anil 
 this position rose steailily until he was in coinnmnd ofthe hest steamers owned liy llie Oregon Steam Navigation Company, 
 riims times during his long career he handled nearly every steamer helonging lo thai corjioralion, with the exception of the 
 iinctle River lioats. Captain Wolf was a thorough steamlioatnian in every res|)ect, ai'd no nij^ht was too dark, and no foj; too 
 . to liafTle his skill. Withal he was a genial, kind-hearted gentleman, whose name will always awaken a llooil of pleasant 
 nries in the minds of those who knew him. He continued on the Columhia until n few weeks hefore his death, which occurred 
 Milaiid. Octoher 14. 1885. after a third of a century of continuous service on river steamlioats. 
 
 1 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 '\ 
 
 "Xxri, 
 
 m\ 
 
 % 
 
 i 1 I ' I 
 
 •k.. -i 
 
 
i 
 
 ;ii 
 
 ' I ! 
 
 i 
 
 ii I 
 
 I lO 
 
 Lewis cf Dryclen's Marine History nf the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Sdo, killing; William Sliaw. 
 
 The ripple of excitement caused by the incipient rivalry of the preceding year on the I'uget Sound rmUes 
 
 had subsided, and the /•.V/.rd Aihirrson was almost alone in her glury. charging fifteen dollars fare to Victoria irDin 
 
 Olyinpia. with an additional Federal tax of fifty cents per hea<l. Tl;e .Indirson had been thoroughly overhauled 
 
 and supplied with new boilers, and enjoyed three years of prosperity, clearing from $3,c«)o to $6,iio(i per UMiuh 
 
 and etiuipping her owners for any condiat which might occur. 
 
 The Alberui Mill Company began operations on quite an extensive scale in 1S62, and late in the \ear 
 
 secured the steamer '/'/idi/ns to use in their coasting business. The V'/iuiiiis was 
 
 an old Holland built cattle steamer, which had sailed for years between Hamburg 
 
 and London. She came from the latter port in charge of Captain Henderson, who 
 
 had lost the W'otnipirkrr the preceding year, and soon after her arrival Captain 
 
 Brown was given command. She remained in the Northwest until 1S65, when 
 
 Captain Devereaux took her to the Sandwich Islands, from there to San I'rancisco, 
 
 and thence to Nagasaki, where she was purcha.sed by an American firm, who 
 
 refitted and sold her to a Japanese, by whom she was operated as a coaster. 
 
 After a brief period in this service the Thames was driven ashore by a typhoon, 
 
 and over one hundred and fifty people lost their lives. She was about three 
 
 hundred tons burden, and had a single engine twenty-seven by thirty inches. 
 
 The Alberiii Mill Company had another steamer in their service in iS6i. which in 
 
 after years achieved considerable local fame. She was called the Diaini. and is 
 
 always alluded to by old timers as the " largest small steamer " or the ' smallest 
 
 large steamer" that ever ran in the Northwest. She was brought from China to 
 
 San Franci.sco as a launch for the Pacific Mail Company and lengthened by 
 
 Superintendent Allison. She exploded off the X'allejo Street wharf, Deoendier 2- 
 
 engineer, and Thomas lohusuu, fireman. She was then sold to Captain Stumii and taken to Hritisli Columhia. 
 
 Her new owner was always afraid of her. .so he .soon removed the machinery and sold the hull to Capt. Tom 
 
 Wright, who equipped it with new nioti\e power, and fitted the steamer up to carry the mails between San Jua-i 
 
 Island and the mainland, and to convey oflScers and troops about the Sound, under charter to the United .Slates 
 
 (lovcnnueiit. She remained 
 in this service for a loiij; 
 time, making Sr.n Juan lier 
 home port, and running ;is 
 far north as Sitka on special 
 occasions. San JuaTi Island 
 was still regarded as .in 
 "orphan" domain, and, ,is 
 the niauo had been under 
 liotli the .American : ml 
 British colors, Capt. Tumi 
 Wright graciously gave the 
 latter Hag prece<lence cm 
 entering a British port and 
 the former in American har- 
 bors. In i.Sfi.S the steamer 
 was sent to San I'Vancisco in 
 charge of Capt. I,eon .Smilli 
 and sold to the Sausalu.i 
 Ferry Com]) any. She 
 remained on the bay until 
 1.S74 then started nor lb 
 again, but was wrecked ik n 
 urcliasud the steamer she was commanded at difFeniit 
 
 (Juinalt I. see wreck of l^iaiui, 1S741. Before Wright 
 
 times In Caiitains Beadle. Croaker, McCuUocli, Doane, and others 
 
 M.idigaii. I.awson, McIrUish, and other \vi 
 
 ' Ik'njaniin MaMin.ui. ciijiMU'er, wa-; Imrn 111 Ccnuily Cork. Iri'laiiil, in i.S^S WluMi i|nilc vonnK Ir' came to tills onunlrv .iii'l 
 learned his irailr in llie Ik'l.ainaliT Irini Works in .Nuw York, leaving Iheic lo fiUcr llic slcHni...liip siTvii'i' .\IUt a short tiiiie 11 
 the Ciilia ronlu hu wcm lo San I'riin.-isco in iS(i2. .iinl llienci' to Victoria in Inly of Ihal ye.ir. lie secnrcd rniploynienl on :'u' 
 steamer Piiviit, .and also on the old sle,inu-r 7'lhi>ii:S, reniaininj.; on the hitler ahont Iwo years. In iSdj he joiiieil the steamer ( ' ' 
 anil inaile Iwo voy.iyes .\ortli with Ca|ilains Lewis and Swanson. then ),'"inK li> the sie.inier /«;/ir/. where ho reinainecl lor ' > ' 
 seasons, .\ller leavimj; the A.i/ic/ he spent the next four years and a half on the mail steamer .S'/' /.»/»/»,( //,j«i,'/.m, and when in' 
 /A'ki,'Am was laiil up with a broken shaft he was transferred to ihe Mnui/c. owned hy Captain Spralt. While in Sprail's service he w !~ 
 also enninec. on the Cm ih,h> Fly lor nearly three years, hni left to serve mi Ihe A'l'.nvv . then lielonjjiii),- lo S.i.iiiders He ]inreh.i-' I 
 an interest in the A'cccr and replaeeil her old-style eiiKines with poppei valves, iirovided new hoilers, and made oil r 
 improvements. He operated the oM craft ahont three years, and was snhseinienty employed on the ste.imer . //,■ inm/i'i , ilieii in 1 1 
 possessiim of Waneii .V Saunders, .\ftcr she was hoii^jht hy Diinsninir lie remaiiieil at his jiosl until 1SS2, when, witii Capl 1 
 Myers, he went lo I iiKland and hronjjht out the steamer Saii/oiiyx. The following vear he accepted a position on the luirb • : 
 lloscouilr., which he is still occnpyiiiH. 
 
The Oregon Steam Naviycition Company's Bvst Days, Many New Steamers in Pijct Sound Waters 1 1 1 
 
 IllNMMIN MAI'It.A.N 
 
 Slie was ill coinmaiul cil' 
 
 kiKuvii eiiRiiieers, haiulled the machinery. Her dimensions were : lengtli. one huri(heil feet : heain. thirteen 
 
 feet : >lepth of hold, ten feet. 
 
 On the Fraser, Captain Irvinj; disposed of his interests in the steamers Gozrnior ihuiir/as and Co/i'ik/ Moiuh 
 
 atiil Iniilt the Riihvtir. the finest steamer yet in the trade. She was one of the best known of the Irving lleet and 
 
 w.i^ .1 sterinvlieoler one hundred and t,v'euty-six feet long, twenty -six feet beam, and four and a half feet depth of 
 
 lioM, with engines fourteen 'ly fifty-four inches. She commenced to run on the Fraser soon after her completion, 
 
 and. nuiiig to the i;reat popular!'./ and enterprise of her owner, was very successful. 
 
 WIk'ii the steamboat ci';inbine was formed on the river in 1863, the AWidmr kept 
 
 out I'l it and made more money than all of the other .steamers. In 1S64 she was 
 
 running to Yale, and frequently carried over a hundred pa.s.sengers through. She 
 
 follDwed the Fra.ser trade for ten years, most of the time in command of Capt. 
 
 William Irving. It was on this steamer that Commodore John Irving, of the 
 
 Caiiadi.in Pacific Navigation Company, received his early les.sons in a calling in 
 
 which he has been remarkably successful. The Ri/ianir did but little in the 
 
 seventies, as her days of usefulness were almost ended, and in iS;^ [he new 
 
 Kiiiviit- took her place in the marine annals of Hritish Columbia (see steamer 
 
 l\,-liaiiii\ i.Sjri). The F/viiix lliitdiman was withdrawn from the F'raser in i,S(i2, 
 
 and Capt. William Moore found a new field for steamboating on the Stickecn 
 
 River. wliLTC gold had been discovered. He made the first trip up this stream, 
 
 towing a barge and canying one hundred and twenty-five ])assengers. Moore 
 
 cleared $14,000 with his steamer in the first .seventy-two days of the excitement. 
 
 The steamer SliiibiiH- was on the Sound the greater part of the year towing 
 
 revenue cutters, carrying mail and jobbing around wherever her .services were needed 
 
 Captains Pease and Wilson, and during the slimmer engaged in a very warlike demonstration at Port Townsend. 
 
 \'ictor Smitli, collector of the port, desired to move the custom-house to Port Angeles, and, on the refusal of 
 
 those in power to give up the keys, he ordered the S/ii/fmH-'s guns traiiii ; on the town, threatening to fire unless 
 
 tliey were handed over. The Port Towu.send people temporarily surrendered, but a few days later about twenty 
 
 of the citizens went to Olympia and swore out a com|)laiiit against Collector .Smith. As the /:/ir<i .hidcisoii 
 
 deinaiide<l Sis fare from Port Townsend to Olympia, the party chartered the .schooner A". />'. /'<'//< rand started in 
 
 charge of Capt. H. L. Tibballs,' with the craft gayly decorated with Hritish and American tlags, .\s the 
 
 schooner sailed past Steila- 
 coom the Sliiihiuic was lying 
 at the wharf and when oppo- 
 site the ciuter the men on the 
 /'>//<■;■ saucily fired a gun. .\ 
 warrant was issued at Olympia 
 for the arrest of Capt. J. V.. 
 Wil.sou of the S/iiibriik and 
 CollectorSniith. United States 
 Marshal Huntington went on 
 board at .Sleilacocnu to serve 
 the writ, but was forcibl\ 
 removed from the ves.sel with- 
 out being allowed to .see the 
 Collector, who was below. 
 After a .second futile attempt 
 Iter the schooner /\'llii was seized for 
 .\ li^''^ fine was imposed, and Smith, 
 
 in a measure, evened the score for the disrespect shown when the /')//(/• passed the S/'n/'fid- at Steilacoom. 
 
 I'KvsiH Ki\*in Sr^■\^^-K Kiimn^i-:' 
 
 to cury out his instructions, the Sliiil>n'<k- steamed awa\-. .\ few week> 
 violating the revenue laws in improperly Hying her flags when under sail. 
 
 liinil 
 the S| 
 wliicli 
 III- \v,i- 
 pcirl 
 Tne /. 
 C.ipt.n 
 lark \- 
 
 iniil I' 
 Ki'\ I. 
 
 'Capt, H. I.. Tihhiills was l)oni in Miiltllt'lown, Conn., in 1S29. ami roniiiioiioed ^oiii^ to sea wlu'ii a Itov. rising iti tlu' 
 •.ion uiilil, at tile a^i* of twotity, 'le was master of a liri>; ruiinitiv; to l!ie West Indies. In iS^; lie testeil the lirsl ilivin^-Ipell 
 II the rniteil .States, and sipiseijiieiul)- title:.! (ml the liark /\nn/\ /uiniilia^ at Wiliiiiiii^toii, Del , and spent several months on 
 i.inish main workiuu on sunken ships and in the pearl fisheries. He e\ploreil the wreek ol" the Spanish Iri^ate Sttu JVilto, 
 went down in iSi.i with oviT Jvoo^'.oo*! in treasure .il^ard while in these rvaters. ami sneeeeded in reeoveiin^i JhS.iH.o hel'ore 
 - ordered .iway 1)\' the Me\iean ('lovernni.'nt. Me saiU-d tirsl to ,St. Helena and then to Panama and do\-e lor a short time lor 
 'vsters, afterward ^oin^ to ,\eaimleo, w'.iere he spent three months in the same pursuit and then hoie away for S,ui l-'ratieiseo. 
 \inuini; was di^'posed of al this port, ami the diviny-hells were used in the eonstnu'tion of the sea wall, hi Septemher, 1S55, 
 n Tililnlls went down to Port .\j,'nlla and workeil on tlie wreek of the steamship WitU-t'r l>\uit' with indilferent sneeess. Cttmiii^ 
 1 San I'lMiieiseo he shipped for , Sydney, Anstrali.i, as sailing master on the elipper \l'li,il ( 'lir:i . owned hy Stevens, Ha'.er iS; l.'o. , 
 in forty-six and returning in forty-tonr days He afterward joiiu'd the revenue eulter /r// />t!r/\ in the same eapaeitv 
 loieeded to l'iii;et Sound, arriving at Port Tow.iseiid in .\pril. iS^h, and left the eiitter soon aflerwird to settle .it the 
 ay, where he has resided ever sinee. He w. is for many vears Sound iiilot (or the Paeifie Coast ,Sleaiiislii]i Company, and in 
 
 i.S;! I'lratne their ajjent ami huilt I'nioii Wharf at Port 'rownseiid. Ii 
 
 Tilih. 
 
 Citlli 
 
 idditi 
 
 to 1 
 
 lis eonneetion wi 
 
 til the 
 
 e mariiu' hnsiness. Ciptaiii 
 
 ilfl 
 
 '■"3 
 
 ii. ; I 
 
 i , 
 
 ' -IS 
 
 'I ;1 
 
 'Ji 
 
 t :i 
 
 mllet j> 
 
 N has lioi'ii a meiiibiT i)t" llie I.t'j^ishiluif, slieriir. i-oiiiu-ilmaii, i-ouiUy coinmissioner, ami jmsliiiasU'r. aiic' has hfhl 
 
 silintis of Iriisl. l\v retired from Uie water nermaneiUlv a Tew ve 
 
 irsa^;-. 
 
\m 
 
 112 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 CATT. M. I,. TlllHAM-S 
 
 Smith was a bright fellow, but he was always at war with some one. A few months after his Port Towiisend 
 escapade, he rewarded with discharge the men who nad remained true to him during the trouble. AH the officers 
 on the Shubrick were relieved from duty except Lieutenant Selden and Engineer Winship." The affair, with its 
 attendant imbroglios, created considerable feeliug on the Sound, and Collector Smith was roundly scored by many 
 of the interested parties, who continually sought opportunities for revenge, until 
 the waters of the Pacific closed over the lirothr; Jonathan, and the aggres.sive Smith 
 rested beneatli the wav;s. 
 
 An exciting episode occurred at Port Angeles in 1862. The schooner 
 /•'. P. Green, Capt. Edward Howaid,'" was seized by Deputy Collector Moore. 
 Howard had ji'.st bought the schconer in San Franci.sco, and intended to have her 
 papers changed at Port Angeles ; but, as he arrived late at night, the Deputy Col- 
 lector told him to come up in the morning. Before daylight the Shubrick was 
 along.side and towed the schooner to the cutter Joe Lane, then lying in the harbor. 
 Captain Howard was informed that the .schooner had been confiscated, and ordered 
 ashore. Bonds were offered but were refused. As Howard was the owner of the 
 .schooner and cargo, he determined to .secure the vessel ; .so that night about eleven 
 o'clock he quietly borrowed the custom-house boat and sculled out to the craft, 
 locked the marshal in the cabin, woke the crew, slipped the cable, and set sail for 
 Victoria, where he waited for the return of Collector Smith, who was in Washington, 
 the Depcity Collector at Port Angeles meanwhile offering a reward of $1,000 for the 
 return v,f the fugitive, dead or alive. Wlien Smith arrived he went to Victoria, and on paying for the custom Ik .1 
 boat, the return of whif'li had been neglected, Howard was cleared, aid at once sailed to Port Angeles and .sec; > 
 
 the anchor and chain left in his haste to get away. 
 
 Desirous of emulating the Oregon Steam Ns . gallon Com- 
 pany in its wonderful success on the Columbia, an organization 
 compo.sed principally of Puget Sound men, and bearing the name, 
 Columbia Transportation Company, was incorporated at Vancouver, 
 Washington Territory. The promoters were T. H. Smith, A. 1), 
 Sanders, Milton Aldrich, E. S. Fowler, 1). Horton, W. VV. Miller, 
 P. J. Morey, A. S. Abernethy, and Chr.rles C. Phillips. The articles 
 of incorporation slated that the company was organized for the 
 purpose of building, buying and running steamboats, steamships, 
 railroads, etc, The company never accomplished many of these 
 intentions, and, as far as transporting anything on the Colunibiii was 
 concerned, the title proved a misnomer. 
 
 Several sailing vessels arrived at Victoria in 1862 from 
 England, and a few of them came well laden with pa.ssengers. The 
 British ship Cyclone brought 120 from London, the Mountain Wove 
 145 fror.i Sydney, and the ship I.ockett and the bark San I'yaiuisfo 
 from London, the bark Onward and the ship . /// Sennc from Sydney 
 also brought a few, and in September an ocean tramp steamship, the Tynemouth, arrived at Victoria from London 
 with 242, There were but few changes in the coasting fleet of .sailing craft this year ; nearly all of the old-timers 
 found plenty of business, and a few new ones appeared to keep transpo/tation facilities up with Mie march of 
 
 Cait, HnWAKn Mowakp 
 
 
 'T, I, Winsliip. one oltlie l>cst known of the early ciiKini-'^r.s in llic Norlhwesl, was l)orn in .N'cw Vorlc in 1.S27 anil came lo 
 the l':ici(u* Coast on the steanishiji Sliitbritk, with which he remained as chief for many years. He w.as an excellent en)^ineer and 
 machinist and a ^ood-nalnred. whole-sonled gentleman, wlio had a Intsl of fiiends in e\;.'ry jjort his vessel visited ; anil it was in Iiis 
 honor that the Winship Chowder Cluh, an e)r^ani/.ation of ancient mariners on the Colnnif)ia River, received its name, .\fter leaving' 
 the SItuhrick. Winship received the appointment of lanipist in the lifjlithonse service on the Pacific Coasl. holding this position luitil 
 his deatli, which occnrred in San hVancisco, March 5, 187S, 
 
 '"Capt. Kihvard Howard may well he called the dean of shipmasters in the Northwest. Ten years hefore the conslriulinn 
 ot the ancient steamer Hearer he was sailing as .-in ai)prentice Itoy. and was master itf a hrij^ in the West Indian trade \ .,,11 1! it 
 pioneer departed from the flld World for the Northwest, nearly sixty ye.irs ago. He was tiurn in Ivngland in 1.S12, and at • t- -ic ■ ■' 
 thirteen was ap]>renticed on a i.imj-tun iVigate rnnninj; to lndi;i. narrowly avoiding wreck on the Malabar coast hefore Ik . i 
 
 in safety from his first venture in i,S2(), .\fter a visit to the coast of I'rance he again jonrneyeii to the Ivist in the sl'.ip I'liliinm. 
 which grounded in the ('.anges. tortnnately escaping from the treach.'roiis sands, which had swallowed up many .a noble craft. < Mil} 
 one other had ever lloated afler a similar mishap in that rivei , It was on the ship l.iulv A'oTceiid, with a cargo of sheep from I.oi,!oii 
 for Tasmania, that yonng Howard found hi.s next berth, and on his return he joined a ])rison shi]) which transported five linn Ireil 
 convicts lo .Viislralia from Cork Irel.ind ,\fter ilischarging them she sailed for the Hast Indies, touching at .Samarang. Jav 1 at 
 Tenaiig and Singapore, finallv loading betel nut on the coasl 01" Sumatra for Calcutta. .At this point he otfered his services to die 
 .American ship Messeiif;er. bound for Ilostoii. Mass, He left the .^fmenger for the Comlelliilion, with which he remained t' 'fe 
 years, visiting .'.iverpool, Hamburg and ,\msterdain. He (piit her at New Orleans in i.Sv^, anil a month later was cast away \Mtli 
 the brig Clio, on wliich he hail shipped for I'hiladelphia, He then sailed to the West Imlies on the brig (•aiieilill, nearly d iij; 
 with tlie vellow fever at St. Thomas, On his recovery he returned to the I'nited Slates and coasteil for a short I'liie on ilie ''ri^ 
 Java, from which he went to the brig C^^nstiliilion, rnnning to New Orleans, V .it after one trip emharkei" on llie //. „■ "I'/c foi die 
 West Indies, On tlie cimclusion of that voy.ige h'. joined the ship I'osl (a/i/a 'i for Uio Janeiro, and ifi r hi it'.'.-.ni I.: lln I'liiieil 
 States signed with the brig A'li/iiinH at I'liiliidelphia, which went up the Potomac to ('leorgelown and lo.uled for Harbi'^< bul v.is 
 wrecked before reaching Iter destination. He was snbseiinently captain of the brig . Itttlienlie. .-\s there are tee iitj.i.ia 'ers 
 living who have enjoyed such a long and eventful career, a condensed account of Captain Howard's sixty years' experience .s ,1 
 
The Oregon otenm Navigation Company's Best Days, /If any New Steamers in Paget Sound Waters 113 
 
 progress. The number of vessels loading lumber on the Sound was larger than in 1861. Among them were the 
 following : Ships Virginia, Lady Young, Electric Spark, Golden Rule, Coqiiimbo, Dublin : barks I^ella Marina, 
 [kiijiii'iiii A'nsli, Carlotta. Brontes," Keoka, William Kurcher, Pliillif> /.,■ barkeiitine //'■ //. Gaicler," and a great 
 iiniiy smaller vessels of various rigs. Utsalady was an important lumber point in 1.S62, and during the year ten 
 carjroi-'^ were shipped foreign. Of this fleet the ships Golden Rule, Devonshire, .{ndrcw Jackson and Seaman's 
 Br'ulc sailed for Spain, the ship /Angara and the bark Grace Hammond for Valparaiso, the ships Lady Young 
 ,i;i(l .///(■(• Thorndyke for New Zealand, the ship Midas for Australia, and the brigantine Colonel W. //. Wallace 
 for S!'.anj;hai, while the bark lona. barkeiitine Xellie Merrill, and schooner Sarah, loaded for San Francisco. The 
 old RVLMiiie cutter Jeff Davis, whicii had become a prominent figure in marine circles on the Sound, was sold 
 in January, G -ennan & Cranny purchasing her for $2,920. South of the Columbia there was but little trade 
 
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 cominaniler is well worthy of iiarralion. After leaviii;; the .lulhentic lie rail the schooner Cyrus in the Meilitrrraiiean trade from KS37 
 uiilil iS|i, then llie brij; /'cnanir from tlie Mediterranean to the Rio de la I'lata. whence, finding no employment, he went to Rio 
 laucirci and loaded coffee for Philailelpliia. He then sailed on tile Cliif^pola to Hrar.il and relnru ; the ship tfiiaico, St. Thomas ',o 
 Hamburg. brinKinfJ her back to New York ; the schooner .Sarah ; the I'hilatlilphia, on the ronnd trip to Harhadoes ; the brig Echo, 
 10 Havre de C'.race and Sydney, Cape Breton ; and then for two years lie commancleil the Fashion, the fastest schooner sailing ont of 
 anv port in the I'liited States at that time, rurcliasing an interest in the brig Georf^cs, he engaged in the Mediterranean trade, 
 afterward taking her to Africa, where the vessel was disposed of and became a slaver. Howard tarried for a few months before 
 Koing tci Italiia, where he fonnil the confiscated bark Maud Thcrcui in the hands of the American consul, waiting for a master to 
 lake licr to the I'nited States. Captain Howard advanced f i,,^o<) and brought her .safely to this country, accepting an order on the 
 Covenimeut for the money invested. On reaching his journey's end he turned the vessel over to the owners and presented the 
 draft, which the department refiLsed to honor; and, although Captain Howard has spent fully |;i,<)<xi in attempts to collect, the 
 aiiiuuiit is still unpaid. At Philadelphia he purchased a lirig called the A'or.om and made one voyage to the West Indies, 
 sabsc<|ucnlly loailing at New York for Madeira. On the way she was disni.'.sted, and laid at I.i.sbon three months for repairs, finally 
 ijCiting awav and reaching the island in the spring of iS.ig. where, after discharging, he received freight and passengers for Hahia. 
 In crossing the equator the Kouvna fell in with several ve' els loaded with emigrants for California. After reaching lialiia he sailed 
 for Rio, where, finding the .•\m>:r:.";n bark .SV. Maiy finc.icially distressed, he advanced money anil .secured her, chartering his brig 
 to parties by whom it was used 'ii 'he slave trade. Wi'.ii the .S?. .l/<;;j he reached San I'ranci.sco, .August 4, 1849, and, when the bark 
 was sold at auction to clear his '.lottomry claim of J7,6<x), he bid her in, and after refitting, sailed in November with one hundred 
 anil twenty ]iassengers for P".iiaina. where the bark was sold. He journeyed across the Isthmus on a mule to Cliagrcs, where he 
 vpciireil passage on a steamer to New York. There he bought the bark /.eonosa, the brig . l/crt. and an interest in the ship Hiicna 
 r.'sttt. He sailed the I.eonosa to California himself, but subsequently turned her over to liis brollier, Capt. Dan Howard, and bought 
 llie schooner Jtilicl, which he o|)erateil for a short time on the Southern coast, but, having been taken sick at Panama, returned to 
 San I'rancisco on the steamer Republic, leaving bis mate in charge of \.\\q Juliet, b'rom San I'rancisco he went Ivist by way of 
 Panama on the steamer ('nion, was shipwrecked, but rescued and taken on by the jVor/hcriicr, reaching New York in due season, 
 where lie invested in the batk Ucnnionc, ran her to the West Indies auil Mobile, and later took her from Charleston to iiottenburg, 
 Sweden, laden with cotton, for a return cargo, loading timber for London, thence to Sydney, N. S W., to Madras, back to Sydney 
 with passengers and freight, and from there to Calcutta. Captain Howaril had the misfortune to 'ose his son, a lad of sixteen, and 
 liissccouii mate at the mouth of the Hngli River. Returning to Sydney he found business poo'. but secured a little freight and a 
 few missionaries for the Navigator Islands. Having landed them at Apia he visited one of the adjacent islands and tlie.i sailed for 
 Tahiti to shi]) a crew, whicli he li.Til been unable to secure at Apia. I''roni Tahiti he went to Valparaiso, and was chartered to take 
 ciinio til the Sandwich Islands for the British Heel then in the North Pacific ; from Honolulu he steered for San P'rancisco, arriving 
 in February, 1855. He laid the Ucnnionc up and took command of the l.conosa, placing her on the Sound, where '.le assisted his 
 lirother and Captain Reiiton out of a financial difliculty ill which they had become involved in operating the Port Orchard Mills. 
 He then look up a homestead at Port Orchard, but soon abandoned it and returned to the l.conoui, which he ran lUiring the Indian 
 tronliles .\ trans.iction in which he engaged at this time resulted in a loss of nearly f id.ihki. He went to Portland for a cargo for 
 llie Interior Department and jiaid for it in gold. His compensation from the (foverninent was in scrip, which he was obliged to 
 dispose of at a heavy discount. In 1S57 he bought a shipload of lumber, sailed for Chile, and followed the coasting trade until the 
 I'raser Ri\er excitement, when he visited Victoria, purchased a large tract of land and wv it into busii-css. His mate ran the 
 Leoiiosa in the '.'oasting trade nearly a year, ami finally lost her, with all hands. The disaster told heavily on her owner, as the 
 couipa'' . ill ^ hicli she was insured failed about till: lime and he received nothing. Captain Howard then went to the mines and 
 pxpei. ,1'ii i|;i.i»» ill .securing J17.511 worth of gold. This disheartening experience sent him to Victoria, where he bought the 
 sc'" '. M "''M'i. ', tilting her up at a cost of ^2.ikk>. She was put in cliarge oi" a man who lost her very soon. He subseiiuentlv 
 •';■ .1- '■ i;,\\ Francisco and jmrchased the schooner /''. /'. (hccti, and after extricating lier from difiiculties mentioned 
 
 e' - '\ .'. lu' in the coasting trade along Vancouver and (Jueeu Charlotte's Island until he sold her a few months lai .- and 
 se>.! u-' ■ ' .rl . ■'■'ivpolis, making trips to Mex:co and to Hawaii. He then gave up his Vicli-ria interests, and, taking his family 
 aboarii, sai' ' 1 t'.ip Sandwich Islands and subsequently to \'alparaiso, where he disposed of the vessel and engaged in business. 
 Here his wi. ■ ,l''e ' and shortly afterward he concluded to leave South .America. Ho obtained a small steamer, removed her 
 niachinery, rigj;cu ner as a schooner, and cleared for San P'rancisco with a cargo of linseed and waluuls. his three children 
 aicompauying him. One hundred and forty-five days were consumed in the jiassnge. He sold the schooner 'vilhiii a short lime and 
 bnn^'lit the brig Ifcrninc. on whicli he made a couple of voyages to Ce itral .America, upon the completion of which he sailed for 
 Cal'an with a cargo of Uiniber, but encountered bad weather off the coast of Mexico and was obliged to transfer the cargo to another 
 vessel .mil jiiit into (iuayaqiiil for repairs. I'roni there he took a load of bamboo to Callao and disposed of the brig, returning to 
 .S.in l-'raucisco as a ])<".sseiiger on the ship Washiui^ton /.ihhy in 1870. Soon alter his arrival Captain Howard acquired the schooner 
 I'm.ly .Siillon, with which he .sailed to (inaymas, from tiiere toiik a theatrical troupe to I. a Paz, and thence traded along the 
 Mexican coast, carrying freight betweei: the dififeitnt ports during the civil war there. He finally got rid of the schooner and 
 relumed to San I'rancisco in 1H72, since which the Captain has b,cn in the lumber and coal trade out of Pnget Sound ports, serving 
 for many years in the employ of Nicholas Iliircliaid and ab- ■ ■ -liliug vessels of his own. His last command was the ship A'ichard 
 III. owned by R. Dnnsmuir S: Co. He took her in 1,889 and remained in charge until September, 1894. when he retired from the 
 water after sixly-uine years of active .service, fifty-nine of which were spent on the iiuarter-ileck. 
 
 'Capt. lieorge H. White, master of the bark llivntcs in 1862, was born in Maine in 1,840. After coming West in 1861 he ran 
 I 'le on the bark /.ire Yankee, Capt. John Wiggin, San I'rancisco to Portland. I'roni 1S62 until 1864 he was s.ailing between 
 - 11 ;'r .ucisco and Seabeck on the lironics and the barkeiitine Fremont. His next vessel was the bark Flla Fiancis, Port Blakeley 
 I * I'rancisco, whicli he left to go on the bark //'. . /. Hanks for a season. He was siibsei|uently in charge of the ship ll'aihauk 
 '•>: . ■■ 'ear' ail. ,■ .vhicli he sailed the bark Rainier, owned bv Pope & T.-ilbot, reiuaining with her as master for four or five vears, 
 aUc 'viiu'.i !.e made a cruise to the South Pacific on the brig Tanner. I'pou the completion of this voyjige he went to Port Blakeiev 
 and ' .did lumber for the .Sandwich Islands. Returning in i.s.So, he settled at Port Towu.send, and ill i8S^ bought a farm at Port 
 Anselc. He has since made occasional trips on the water on the tugboats //d/jiiXv, (,'oliah. Hi: and A'i(//t'. He has not been 
 en);a);i d in inarinc pursuits since 1.890. at which time he was elected .Assessor of Clallam County. 
 
 Capt. James K. Williams, master of the II'. II. Gawlcy in 1.862, was born in Nova .Scotia ':; '.S.u and began his life on the 
 water, -nling between Halifax, N. .S., and the West Iniiies. He first visited the Northwest in iS.ii^, and sailed in the lumber trade 
 liedire Uiere was a sawmill on the Sound, and when the only mode of securing a cargo was to go into the woods anil hew it out. He 
 was Willi ('.. .A. Meiggs for twenty-live years, and after leaving this service he entered the employ of Miles M: Rudrow, !'or the past 
 ei)!ht viars he has been in the coal trade between Nanaimo and haii Francisco, being at present in command of the ship 
 \\\vhu..tl. 
 
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 ■ 
 
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 ) 
 1 i 
 
 If 
 
 114 
 
 Lewis cj Diyden's Marine l^istory of thv Pacific /Northwest 
 
 except at Coos Bay and the ITinpqua, from which point several trading vessels were plying to San Francisco. 
 A new schooner named the Rrant was launched at Tillamook for the Portland trade, hut was unfortunately 
 wrecked shortly afterward. Captain Ketchum was running the sloop Fanny to the Columbia, and Capt. 
 I'eter Svenson made a few trips with the schooner Elfitora, the craft with which he afterward transported all 
 of the stone for the Portland Custom-house. 
 
 Among the notable deaths of the year were : Capt. Richard Hoyt, whose life ended in Portland. 
 February i8th, and Capt. J. P. Keller of the Puget Mill Company, who passed away in Victoria, June i ith, aged 
 fifty years. Captain Keller was the pioneer lumberman on Pnget Sound, having come to Port Gamble on the 
 schooner /,. /'. I'ostcr in 185,^, at which place his wife was the first white woman to land. In San Franci.sco. 
 March Jist, Capt. J. P. Hagley of the brig Eiioxy, who had sailed for many years in the Puget Sound hiinber 
 trade, was drowned at Steuart Street wharf. He left a wife and two children in Belfast, Me., which had been 
 his home before coming to the Coast. John Girty, chief engineer of the steamer 7'rnino, died July 13th, aged 
 thirty-two years. He was a native of Michigan, and had been on the Columbia since 1S51. 
 
 .Several fatal marine disasters occurred in 1862, nearly all of them in connection with small vessels. The 
 one accompanied by the greatest sacrifice of life was that of the schooner 7'o/o, from Victoria for Port I.udlow. 
 She ivas in command of Captain Maloney, and while crossing the Straits, February 2,^d, capsized near San Juan 
 Island during a heavy scpiall, drownin.'.: the captain, William Sherlock, second mate, the two Anderson brothers, 
 seamen, the Chinese cook, and the full' f''- ■', fissengers: R. A. Eddy, W. Carter, W. Cox, \V. Ivhlers. F.J, 
 Hyrne, and Nelson and Sullivan, two of l.i were rescued from the wreck the next day by the sloop Random 
 
 and taken to Victoria. 
 
 The New Grenadan bark Ami lienia,u, from San Francisco for Sooke to load piles and lumber, was 
 
 wrecked on the west coast of 
 Vancouver I.sland, February jfith. 
 The vessel parted a m i d s h i p s 
 almost immediately after striking, 
 and the cook and one seaman 
 were lost. Captain OInistead 
 swam to land, and the rest of the 
 crew, seven in number, waited for 
 low tide and then reached shore in 
 safety. The Indians living in the 
 vicinity secured the wreckage. 
 The schooner .'haiit. of about fifty 
 tons burden, built at Tillamook 
 this year, was cast away, and 
 the captain, Benjamin OIney. was 
 drowned. The hull was after- 
 ward hauled up on the beach at 
 Tillamook, and, after being 
 repaired, was launched aj^ain. 
 Captain t)lney was an uncle of Capt. Hiram Olney, who lost his life when the Dob /rviiii^ exploded her Ixiiler. 
 and of Capt. Kane Olney, now running on the Columbia River. The ship Coijiiimbo, from vSan Franci.sco for 
 Seabeck, in ballast, went ashore five miles below Dungeness. Jaiuiary 22d. The wreck was sold to the Port 
 Madison Mill Company, who succeeded in floating her, and after extensive repairs she was put in the Kunber 
 traffic. The steamship Simla C'ni:. formerly well known on the Northern routes, burned on the Vang-tse River 
 in February while 11/ roulc from Shanghai to Hankow, six of the crew losing their lives. 
 
 The growing importance of the steamboat business was recognized in the year iSfi,^ by the e.stablishment 
 of an inspection district in the Northwest. Prior to this date all matters relating to the examination of steamers, 
 and the i.ssuing of licenses to officers, were referred to San Francisco, a proceeding which was not only expensive 
 but unsatisfactory. Ca])t. John H. Couch was appointed inspector of hulls, and John Gates of boilers. All di the 
 steamers north of the California line, except on the waters adjacent to British Columbia, came under llieir 
 jurisdiction, the Puget Sound District not having been established until several j'ears afterward. 
 
 The first papers issued from the Portland office in i.SfS^ were the following renewals of pilots' licenses : I, C. 
 .\inswortli, J. T. Apperson, V,. W. Daughman, Hiram Brown, ICugene V. Coe, Francis Conner. J. W. Cochrane. 
 Robert Copely, Alfred Crosby, S. J. I)e Wolf, Thomas Downey, Cliarles ICdwards, A. C. I''arusworth, C. C. I'VIton. 
 M. M. Gilman, James H. Gist, J. H. D. Gray, H. \,. Hoyt, George Jerome, Philip Johnson, Joseph Kellogg, .1 T. 
 Kerns, \V. C. Martin, W". Metzger, J. McNulty, J. I). Miller, S. V,. Miller, Josiah Myrick, Cliff Olsen, Georj;' A, 
 Pease, Moses Rogers. W. H. Smith, H. A. Snow, James Strang, P. St. Thomas, T. J. Stump, William Thimias, 
 James Turnbull, J. O. Van Bergen, W. I. Waitt, Leonard White, R. N. White, John H. Wolf 
 
 New pilots' licenses were granted to : Alpliouso Boon, John S. Butters, William Cassidy, W. I,. IIiK.i:ins, 
 Pliilo Holbrook, Charles Holman, Lewis Piper, J. W. Schroede, Charles B. Spear, George W. Taylor, George Th.iyer. 
 
 Stkamkk ''Onkonta' 
 
'& 
 
 S) 
 
 The Oregon Stvam Naviyation Company's Best Days, Many New Steaners in Pucjfl Sound Waters i i.S 
 
 I'lif following engineers' licenses were renewed : Peter Anderson, William lUirt, I.ouis Childers. I'. J. 
 Couli'^k, P. W. De Hnff, William Doran, John Dorcy, James IClton, E. B. Fellows, S. ('lallovvay, R. (iammill, John 
 Gates, I. M. Oilman. A. H. Harding, Nicholas Hann, Jacob Kamra, I-Uislia Kellogg, J.J. I.awlor, John Marshall, 
 Cieor);c Marshall. James Miner, J. H. Moore, M. Mulligan, 1). Pardun, N. Seebert, Thomas Smith. John G. Toner, 
 \V, II. Troup, A. X'ickers, J. J. Wintler. 
 
 N'cw engineers' licenses were granted to : Cleorge Clark, John H. Hoyt, Pienson I.efTell. John H. Myers, 
 lohn N.ition, F. N. Spear, James Wilson, A. C. Winslow. 
 
 More keels were laid in the Northwest in i.S6,^ than in any previous year, and some of the products were 
 finer :iuil faster than the best of their predeces.sors. The Oregon Steam Navigation Company led all others with 
 three iRW steamers, the finest of the trio, the Oiieo/i/a. approaching nearer to the Mississippi River style of 
 stcanilioiit than anything on the Columbia. She was built at the Ca.scades by master builder Samuel Forman, 
 iiiuicr the superintendence of Jacob Kanim, and rebuilt at 
 Collins' Landing in iSriy by John Gates, who was then chief 
 engineer of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company. Her 
 dimensions were as follows : length, one hundred and eighty- 
 two feel; beam, twenty-eight feet six inches; depth of hold, 
 eight feel six inches ; engines, eighteen by seventy-two inches. 
 She had the regulation high smokestacks, with outside exhaust, 
 and proved expensive to operate. Capt. John McNulty was her 
 first commander on the middle river, and retained this position 
 until 1S69. Trade in this vicinity declined after her reconstruc- 
 tion so in June, 1870, Captain Ainsworth piloted her », . the 
 Cascades, to which point .she continued to run from Portl. id, 
 in command of the veteran Wolf, until 1H77, when the 
 machinery was removed and she was converted into a barge. 
 The first year following her arrival on the lower river there was 
 a lively steamboat war on the Vancouver route, and the Oiuoiila 
 carried passengers free and freight at 81 per ton between that 
 point and Portland. The steamers W'ch/ool and Ne: Perec Chief 
 were built at Celilo to run in connection with the Oneoiiln. 
 Tile \\':bj\h>t was much larger than any steamer previously 
 launclied on the upper river, but owing to poor construction 
 was a failure. Portions of her house and machinery were taken 
 from the old steamer f.aloiiia. which had put into the Columbia 
 while (v; roiile to the Sound and was too nearly a wreck to 
 proceed The Webfool was about one hundred and sixty feet long, with thirty -one feet beam, and could carry 
 a heavy cargo of freight in comparatively .shallow water. She was commanded during almost her entire career 
 by Capt. luigene F. Coe, although J. H. 1". Gray and others occasionally had charge of her. Her engines were 
 seventeen l)y eighty-four inches, and, when the Webfool wore out, they were removed and subsequently placed in 
 the steiuner A'wwir I/a\:e(ud, which succeeded in getting considerable service out of them. The steamer .Wc 
 Peire Chief', in command of Capt. J. H. I). Gray, ran between Celilo and Lewiston, and made very good time in 
 passenger service but was too light for a freight boat. During the Salmon River excitement she was credited with 
 transp.irtiug the most valuable cargo ever brought down the river, the value of gold dust on her manifest October 
 :ij. isii-, l)oing $;iS2,<)oi), Gray was followed by Capt. Kugene F. Coe and Capt. Thomas vStunip, the latter being 
 tile last ill charge on the upper river. In 1870 she was taken over Tuniwater h'alls by Capt. John I5ra/ee, and 
 from there to The Dalles by Captain McNulty going to the lower river the following June with Captain 
 .\ins..-orth at the wheel. She had ssen her best days before she left the upper river, and as .soon as she reached 
 Portland the engines were removed and the hull u.sed as a barge. Her dimensions were : length, one hundred 
 and twenty-six feet; beam, twenty-five feet ; depth of hold, five feet ; engines, sixteen by sixty-six inches. 
 
 Tile People's Transportation Company, who.se organization and subse(iuent career are related in detail at 
 tile coniniencement of this chapter, Iniilt the fine steamers A". D. A'dXr; and //vV, and started after the Oregon 
 Steam Navigation Company on the Columbia River routes. The fuif^er was the crack boat of the company, and 
 was one of the fastest sternwheelers that had appeared on the Columbia. She was launched at \'aucouver. and 
 iiiniiediitely after completion was |)ut on the Cascade route in commaud of Ca])t. K. W. Haughman, who left the 
 iniddle river fi)r tliat purpose, .\fter the two big corporations compromised, the steamer made a few irregular 
 liip^ -;i the Willamette, and was finally sunk near Oswego. She was rai.sed shortly afterward, but her hull was 
 in po M ,(indition, and the engines were removed and placed in the /u /iaiiee and sub.seciuently in the . l/iee. The 
 /:. IK i:,ik( r was one hundred and sixty feet long, twenty-five feet beam, and six feet hold, with engines sixteen 
 liy sevrnty-two inches. While her life was brief, her good work on the Cascade run during the struggle for 
 supremacy between the two companies probably hastened the settlement of the controversy. Tin 'lis, 
 constvnited at the Cascades by master builder Piles, was a very fast steamer for that period. Her dimensions 
 
 1*HKI> Wir.MlN 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 fli ■ 
 
 S I -: 1 
 
 •I 
 
 If 
 
 y- 
 
 IM 
 
Tm 
 
 i ;l il 
 
 ri6 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 9 i 
 
 I! 
 
 were : length, one Imndred and sixty-one feet ; beam, twenty-four feet ; depth, seven feet ten inches. Her first 
 captain was E. W. Haughman, one of the stockholders of the company, who ran her between The Dalles and the 
 Cascades. After the compronii.se between the two companies she continued on the route as a stock boat, in 
 command of Capt. Fred Wilson," who ran her until 1H68, when he was succeeded by Capt. John McNulty. She 
 was a short-lived steamer, and early in the .seventies was dismantled, and her engines, which were .sixtetii by 
 seventy-two inches, were taken to The Dalles and remodeled, afterward being .sent to the lower river, whert.' they 
 were placed in a steamer intended for the Astoria run. Above The Dalles the business of the People's 
 Transportation Company was handled by the steamer A'/yiis, a small sternwheeler run by Capt. Leonard White, 
 with Lon Vickers, engineer, and E. Vickers" among the crew. Thus equipped the new system was in a position 
 
 to demand the very generous concession received from the Oregon ,Sie,ini 
 ' Navigation Company when the settlement was arranged in June. 
 
 The Cf/i/o, the first steamer to make the trip from the upper river to 
 The Dalles, ran for a short time on the middle river, but Wi.s too small to 
 disturb either of its big rivals. She was a small propeller, built at Celilo hy 
 W. D. Higelow, who operated her him.self As she was poorly adapted for 
 any service except towing, and as there was but little of that work on that 
 portion of the Columbia, she was brought through the rapids to The Dalles 
 .soon after her completion, and from there Capt. Dan Haughman took her over 
 the Ca.scades in August, 1864, with K. Congdon, engineer, who ran her as a 
 towboat until February, 1.S65, when she was purchased by the Oregon Steam 
 Navigation Company and fitted up as a passenger .steamer. As there was 110 
 place for her in their line she was chartered to Capt. John T. Kerns, who put 
 her on the Lewis River route in May, 1S65, but she did not make much of a 
 success owing to her small size. She was finally withdrawn and u.sed in the 
 jobbing trade for a short time, and then taken to the Sound by Capt. K. \V. 
 Haughman, where she was used principally as a towboat, although she made a 
 few trips to Victoria with passengers in 1869, in command of Capt. Frank HofTman. In 1872 the Cr/i/o came 
 into the possession of J. K. Williamson and was employed by the mills at Freeport (West .Seattle). For a short 
 time she was in a combination which included the J/ary Woodruff and Rtia White. While on the inland sea 
 the steamer frequently changed captains, and many a Paget .Sound steamboatman received his first lessons on tlie 
 insignificant Celilo. Capt. J. H. Woolery, who was towing with her in 1879, was among the last in charge. \.\. 
 that time she bel()n;;ed to ' . ',. Mar.shall, who kept her in the .service of the mills until she finally .sank at the 
 dock at Freeport, and being too old to repair was al)andoned. 
 
 When the competition on the Columbi.i subsided, there was ;» strong demand for lower freight rates, and a 
 company formed this year operated a line of schooners between The Dalles and points below. Joseph Laloiirelle 
 was one of the leading spirits in the enterpri.se and commanded one of the schooners on the lower river. The 
 company enjoyed a fairly good business until 1.S67, when their only ves.sel on the middle river was swept over the 
 rapids and became a total lo.ss. The craft below the Ca.scades Ijore the significant name Wasp, and in 1867 was 
 sold to a company in which a number of employees in the Willamette Iron Works were interested. Among her 
 owners were Capt. W. J. Buchanan, James and John Fo.x, John Nation, then superintendent of the iron works, 
 Louis Lewis, foreman of the molding room, and William Hell, machinist. Her new proprietors fitted her up 
 with a pair of eight by six inch engines and a small propeller, and u.sed her for hunting and pleasure excursions: 
 but, as steamboats were scarce at tha' time, Buchanan and Bell bought the interests held by the others in 1869, 
 
 Al.ON/.O VICKKKS 
 
 '■'Capt. I'red Wilson w.is i)orii in Sweden in 1H42, and, after .sailing for several years in various capacities on ditVerent vessels, 
 lauded in San I'r.'.noisco from the ship Henry lirigliloii in 1.S61. .\s the Hrighloii was owned in the Confederate port of .Savaniiiili, 
 Ga.. she w.is confiscated and sold, and Wilson iii.Kle a trip to Hongkong on a Swedish hrig. On his retnrn lie went to I'ortlaiid ami 
 at once found work with the steamer //as.ui/o on the midille river, leaving her in a short time to go on the steamers of the rival line 
 operated bv Van Bergen. Tlie opposition soon enileil, and Wilson began sailing barges on the Columbia. His first notable feat was 
 in bringing the ('tiviisr down from the upper river. Her cabins had been removed, and he piloted her through the seething water 
 uninjured. In 1.S63 he was a])pointed captain of the steamer Palles. retaining this position until iS6,s, when he took cominaml ni 
 the steamer /»/v, which lie ran between The Dalles and the Cascades for three years. In 1S69 lie visited his native counliy, aii.l after 
 his retnrn in iS-o served as mate on the ()ueoiitii for a short time and then purchased the sailing barge /('//// F'/viiits and engai;eil in 
 the wood business. Shortly afterward he bought the steamer IVosp and with his brothers carried on (|uite an extensive hnitint;, 
 lumbering ;ind wood trade. Retiring from this imrsiiit. he coinnianded the A^esette for a season on the Cowlitz route and from there 
 went to the Teinei on the middle river. .\ twelvemonth later he became captain of the Maria ll'ill;iiis, but left her in 1S77 Hi take 
 the .Uoiin/iiiii (Jiieeii, which he handled for five years. In 1S82 he sailed the barges .If/as and Hercules over the Cascades, briii.ijin); 
 them throngli safely, an e.\tremely difiicult feat to perform He snl)sei|ueiitly ran the steamer .Xorllrwesl on Snake River f r two 
 years, after which lie lived 011 a farm until 18S9, when he again visited Sweden. Returning in iSgo, he took charge "f tlie 
 steamer J\'et;ii!aliir for a short time, and in iSqi made another visit to IJurope, but since his home-coming has had no ili-ireto 
 resume sleaniboaling. 
 
 "Iv, Vickers. who was on the Cayiiw with Capt. Leonard White, was born in Ohio in I.S44, and, with his jiarents, w lit to 
 Clackamas County, ')r., in 1852. His brother. Alon/o VMckers, the well known engineer, also accompanied the faniilv. From the 
 Caviise. \'ickers went to the ll'e/'/'oit/. where he served for a short time and subsei|ueutly abandoned steamboating for eighteen ve.irs. 
 He returned to the river in 1S76, first working on the Oeeiiieiil, and afterward on the various other Oregon Riulway &• N'avi;Mtion 
 Company's steamers. In iS.Scihe waschief engineer on the .-/. ./. .1/cCh//|' with Captain .Sanborn, and after a time reentered the ~rrvice 
 of the Oregon Railway & Navig.ation Company, with which he remaineil until aliout five years ago, when he secured a positi 'ii on 
 the railroatl ferry at Kalaina. Itis brotlier, .\loti/o Vickers. who had been at tile lever since the latter part of the fifties, went to tlie 
 Sound with the steamer Weteoiiie some years ago and remained there until his death ill 1*193. 
 
ii 
 
 ■if 
 
 I 
 
 '\ 
 
 ■p 
 
 s 
 
 7/)e Oregon Steam Navigation Company's Best Days, Many New Steamers in Puget Sound Waters 117 
 
 ami pill lier 011 tlie Vancouver route to carry freight and passengers. Captain Huclianan was master, and Bell. 
 engim^ir. with W. vS. Hucharan, afterward a well known captain, as high deckhand or mate. In the fall of the 
 same year she was sold to (ieorge Bowman, who ran her about six months and then disposed of her to Wilson 
 IJrotlKis. who used her in towing lumber scows for the Clatskanine Lumber Company, and in this .service .she 
 ended her days. Capt. W. G. Goodman, now master of the Robirl Lenfrs, sailing out of San l''rancisco, was the 
 last master of the craft. The Wasp was not much of a steamer, but Capt. W. S. Buchanan, Capt. James Troup, 
 and i|iiite a number of other successful steamboatmen, received their early marine education while she was in 
 coiiiinission. The Oregon Steam Navigation Company made many improvements in 1863 at the Cascades and 
 The Dalles, and strove in every way po.ssible to retain their prestige. Frank T. Dodge,'' who had been in their 
 empliiv as purser on the upper river steamers, was appointed agent at The Dalles in place of Capt. I,. \V. Coe, 
 who sold his interest in the company and retired. Oregon Steam Navigation Company stock was considered a 
 good investment, and among the purchasers was the well known firm of Allen & Lewis of Portland, who took 
 $2o.o(jci worth at par. 
 
 On the upper Willamette the luilrrprise, the .second steamer of that name, was built at Canemah by Capt. 
 George I'ea.se, C. W. Pope,"' Nat H. Lane, Sr.,'' C. Friendly. Judge Stratton, C. Crawford, James Wilson, C. W. 
 Rea and S. Ellsworth. Captain Pease was in command of the steamer, and she was launched in November ; but, 
 after miming independently for a short time, a combination was made with the People's Traiisportation^Compaiiy. 
 The Enterprise continued on the route for which she was designed, and Captain Pease retained his position for 
 over two years. In 1867 he took charge of the steamer a second time and ran her through to Kugeiie for the 
 People's Transportation Company, who had purcha.sed her in 1866 
 from the original owners. The dimensions of the /inli >p> isc vmrc as 
 follows: length, one hundred and twenty-five feet; beam, twenty-four 
 feet; depth of hold, four feet ; engines, fourteen by forty-eight inches. 
 She was a very profitable boat, and the first year after her completion 
 yielded a profit of thirty-three and one-third per cent, the second 
 .season of sixty-six and two-thirds per cent and fifty dollars a .share in 
 addition. At the time she was accpiired by the People's Transporta- 
 tion Company, her proprietors received $280 worth of People's 
 Transportation Company stock for every S'oo worth of F.iittrprisc 
 stock in their possession. 
 
 A sidewheel steamer destined for a long career in the Northwest 
 was launched at Westport in i,S63 for the Astoria route, and christened 
 in honor of Portland's pioneer mariner and first inspector of hulls, 
 John H. Couch. She was built by Capt. Charles Holmaii, I). Hunt- 
 ington and Capt. Oliff Olseu, Holnian owning one-half of the steamer 
 and the others a third and a sixth respectively. She was one 
 hundred and twenty-two feet long by twenty-one feet lieam, and was 
 run by odd-sized engines fourteen and three-eighths inches in diameter 
 and fifty-four inches stroke. Holnian and his associates were alone in 
 their glory for a short time after the Couch was constructed, but the 
 Oregon Steam Navigation Company had been keeping an eye on this 
 trade for a long time, and in January, i^i^s. Captain Ainsworth 
 purchased the Couch, together with the steamers Cou'/il.:: and Ilcl/r, owned 1)y the same parties. The Couih 
 was continued on the Astoria route in comniand of Capt. J. O. \'aii liergeii. with Richard Hoyt, Jr.. purser, and 
 in the summer secured some .seaside excursion business. \'au Bergen was succeeded by Capt. Henry A. Snow, 
 
 '■'I'rauk T. I)oil(;e, well known on llie Cohiinliia ami I'ligel .Sound, ooninieiiccd steaiiilioMting in llie spriiij; of iSb2 with llie 
 Orcxoii Sleaiii Navigation Company, as freight clerk at tlic Dcs Chiite.s Landing, at tlic iip]>ertnd of llie Dalle.s wngoiiioad ) ortagu. 
 Siiljsci|iieiitly he occupied a posilicui as purser on the .steatncrs I'oloiiii lt'iii;hl, (>l;aiiogiiii and 7'iiiiiiii, on the upper Coluiuliia and 
 Snake Rivers. After serving in dilTerent capacities on the various routes, he bccinie agent ol" the coiui)any at The Dalles in tlie 
 Muuiiur of 1.S6;,. wliicli appoiutiueut lie retained until the fall of i.Sby, when he was transferred to I'uget Sound to lake charge ofihe 
 sleaiiuT H'ihon C fiitul, running between Olyuipia and \'ictoria, where he reuiaiueil iiulil the company sold out their interests on 
 Uie Soiuid ill i,S7o. Returning to Oregon, he entered the service of lien Holladay, lint after the locks at Oregon City were completed 
 lie w. IS appointed superintendent of steamboat lines on the Columbia aiui Willamette rivers by the Willamette River Transporlalioii 
 Company, which was organized in the spring of i,S7_i, retaining that ]iositiou. In 1S75, when the liusiness became the projierty of 
 the Oregon .Steam Navigation Company, anil, when that corporation sold out in 1S79 lo the Oregon Railway iSl Navigaiioii 
 Company, lie became assistant superintendent of the River and Sound Division, and was ])roniote<l when his chief. Capt. (ieorge J. 
 .\inswi.nli, resigne<l in iSSj. He was superintendent until 1.S.S5. at which time the management of tile water lines was undertaken 
 t»y the Kailroad Division, and Dodge soon alter accepted employment with the Water Committee of the city of J'ortland, where he 
 is al p:^•^ent engaged. 
 
 ' Capl. Charles W. I'o|)e was horn in New York in 1S31, and came round the Horn in 1.S51 in the bark ('oloiiia with his 
 father and brother, Capt. W. II. I'ope. Soon .'ter his arrival in Oregon lie engaged in sleamboaling. and all of his subse(|neiit 
 entcrpri~is were confined to the Willamette, l.i 1S71 he met with an uiitii'iely end by drowning in the Clackamas River. 
 
 ' Cajit. Nat II. Lane, Sr., was quite a iirominent figure in early marine alTairs in the Northwest. He was born in Indiana in 
 iS2j, ai'.il receiveil his early lessons in steam navigation on the ( )hio and Mississippi rivers, running as pilot between St. I.oiiis and 
 .New lirlcaiis for .several years before emigrating to Oregon. In addition 10 his numerous ventures on the Willametle River, he was 
 on the I nip(|ua and at Coos Bay for some lime, w here he built anil ran the steamer Afcssiiiger. He died in Portland, July 22, 1.S7S, 
 leaving .1 son. Cajit. Nat I.ane. Jr., who has also achie\*ed distinction in Northwestern steamboat circles. 
 
 C.Al'T. N.\T H. I..\NK, 
 
 " ]■!■ 
 
!i 
 
 R' 
 
 m 
 
 I '■ 
 
 ii8 
 
 Lewis (J Drychn's Marine History of tliv Pacific Nortiiwest 
 
 who retained control until 1870, at which time the steamer had outlived her usefulness as a ])assenger boat. 
 
 was sent to the boneyard and broken up in January, iSy^v her engines going to the upper river. 
 
 Two historic steamers, the./. li. IJbby and the Mary Woodruff, 
 went into service on Puget Sound in 1863. The former, a side- 
 wheeler with high-pressure engines, which was launched at Utsalady 
 in December, 1862, was the l)est known of any of the local steam- 
 boats, retaining her prestige for over a quarter of a century. She 
 was built by William Hammond for Capt. S. I). Libby,'" Charles 
 H. Gorton and I<ewis Wycoff, I.ibby owning a half and the otliers 
 a fourth each. The latter two disposed of their interests soon 
 after her completion. The Libby ran in her original .shape until 
 1865, when .she was taken to Port Ludlow and lengthened, after 
 ^ which .she went for a while on the Whatcom route, occasionally 
 
 straying wherever business offered. In 1870 she was purchased by 
 Capt. John SufFern, O. O. Denny and John Blythe. The new owners 
 substituted a beam engine and repaired her thoroughly. They 
 operated her on the old route to Whatcom. Among her captain.s 
 were James Smith, George Fry, John Blythe, Samuel Jackson," 
 Thomas Brennan,-" and John Suffern. James Griffith.s'' was one of 
 the first in charge of her engines, and in after years nearly all of the 
 best known engineers on the Sound .served on her. When Snnuiel 
 Coulter secured the mail contract to Bellingham Bay, he bought the 
 steamer from Suffern and his as.sociates, and in charge of Capt. 
 Thomas Brennan the Libby made two trips per week, carrying the 
 cai't. samiki. jACKSd.N Hiall betwecu Seattle, Whidby Island, Utsalady, La Conner and 
 
 '"Capt. S. U. Libby, one of the most popular navigators who ever ran on Pnget Sound, was a native of Maine, but lefl llie 
 Atlantic Coast witli the tide of gold-.seekers which flowed westward in 1^49. Wlien a boy on the Eastern Coast he made n luiiiiber 
 of coasting voyages, and the old love returned when the mining excitement subsided, and he again sought the water. During a visit 
 to Puget Sound in 1859 he became impressed with the advantages of the new country, and built the first pile-driver ever used iu thai 
 section. He soon afterward embarked in steam1>oatiiig, his first vessel having l)een the little steamer Oashaway, which he operated 
 in the White River trade. He snbse<|uently constructed the steamer /. B. Libby, a craft familiar to all Northwestern mariners, and 
 ran her until 1872, when he entered the service of the Starrs, but resigned after a year's work to take coinmand of the tug (ioliah. 
 He remained on the Goliah almost continuously from 1873 until about a year before his death, when he took charge of tlie Tucoma. 
 He died iu Seattle, March 17, 1S.S9, after a brief illness, leaving a widow, who still resides in Seattle, and a son, Capt. John B. I.ibliv, 
 a resident of Port Townsend. 
 
 '''Capt. Samuel Jackson was born in Plymouth, Mass., November 17, 1S32, and began his .seafaring career on a fishing 
 schooner at the age of ten. At seventeen he entered the deep-water trade, and 011 one of his early voyages to the Pacific Coast the 
 vessel foundered near the equator, but all hands escaped in the lifeboats and reached land four ilays later. Young Jackson worked 
 his way back to Philadelphia via Valparaiso, and next sailed out of Boston on a line of packet ships to Liverpool, continuing in tins 
 service for five years. He then shipped as boatswain on the Xiagiiiii, and during a trip fnun New York Ici Liverpool was wrecked 
 in the Irish Channel, but only two of the crew were lost, p'roni the Atlantic, 
 Captain Jackson went to the Lakes and spent the summer of 1856, returning 
 to New York iu the fall and going as second mate of the ship li'eh/ool, which 
 arrived in San Francisco in May, 1857. After a few months in the mines he 
 sailed for Hongkong. He reached Puget Sound in 1858 on the ship IVhilf 
 Swa//o:i.: The next three years he passed in the iliggin.^s of California, 
 Nevada anil Mexico, and in'iS6i returned to the Sound, where he has since 
 resided. He commenced steamboating on the Ranger .\o. -», and after a short 
 time became pilot on the./, li. I.ihby, an<l from this vessel went to the steamer 
 Idaho, which he commanded for several months. He was ill charge of the 
 i'aniiia until .she went to the Columbia, and subsequently hamlled the tugs 
 Colninbia and Blateln: The Fanny Lake and Oiler were his next steamers, 
 and later he operated the new 7'aiviiia in towing. He was employeil by the 
 Washington Steamboat Company for a long time, ami was one of the last 
 masters of the steamer Washinglon. He retired from active service a few 
 years ago and is now living iu Seattle. 
 
 '"Capt. Thomas Brennan was born in Pictou, Nova Scotia, in 1839, 
 went to sea when a small boy, ami, after sailing iu various capacities, arrived 
 on the Pacific Coast in 1859. He serveil on steamers on the Sacramento River 
 and San Praiicisco Bay for a short time ami made a iinmber of voyages to tlie 
 .Sound and British Columbia in sailing vessels, leaving the Northwest for a trip 
 to China in 1863. On his return he spent a short time in the Coast trade, and 
 in 1866 took command of the steamer/. B. Libby, and from her went to the 
 sidewheel steamer Isabel, He was master of various steamers on the Souml 
 iluriiig twenty-five years, and was always considered a careful navigator. 
 Many a young steamboatman in that locality to-day is indebted to "Tom" 
 Brennan for valuable lessons in his calling. Captain Brennan retired from the 
 water several years ago and died in Seattle in February, 1895. 
 
 •'James Grifiiths was born in pisgutrd, Wales, in 1840, and learned the 
 engineer's and niachinist's trade at one of the best shops in England. He 
 came to the Pacific Coast in the early sixties, going to Puget Sound on the 
 steamship Brother Jonathan in 1863. He commenced work on the J. B. Libby 
 
 soon after his arrival, was next on the Colum'^ia, and was employeil on the jamks griii-iths 
 
 new steamer .llida for several months after her advent. Other steamers on 
 
 which the Captain had seen service were the Eliza Anderson, the North Paeific, Goliah and tXellie. At dilTerent tiuii ■■ he 
 was interested in small steamers, and was one of the best known of the early engineers in the Northwest. He ' d at Seattle in 
 December, 1S87, aged forty-seven years. 
 
 VVliatco 
 fnrnislii 
 cumiiiaii 
 
The Oregon Steam Navigation Company's Best Days, Many New Steamers in Paget Sound Waters 119 
 
 Cait. John Cosijkovk 
 
 VVlialfiiiii. On the expiration of the contract the boat was mustered out of service temporarily, and her 
 fiiriii-'liinKS were transferred to the steamer C/it/in/i's in May, but a short time afterward she started out again in 
 coiniiumd of Capt. Mark Norton. In May, 1880, an interest in the boat wps secured by Capt. Charles Low, 
 
 who ran her for a short time, being succeeded by W. F. Monroe in 1882, and 
 he by (ieorge VV. Fry in 18S3. About 1885 she fell into the hands of Capt. J. 
 M. Brittain, who spent $17,000 in remodeling her into a propeller. On 
 completion she went on the Neah Bay mail route under Capt. W. F. Monroe, 
 remaining in this service a short time. Capt. James Morgan of Port Townsend 
 was her next owner, who in turn di.sposed of her to Capt. H. F. Beecher in 
 April, 1889, for $12,000. Beecher operated her in the Roche Harbor lime trade, 
 and she was in charge of Capt. Frank White until Novemljer, 1889, when she 
 was destroyed by fire while on a trip to Port Townsend (see wreck of /. B. 
 I.ibhy, 1889). The hull was towed to her destination but was beyond redemp- 
 tion, and the career of the old steamer closed. As originally constructed the 
 /. //. Libby was eighty feet long, sixteen feet beam, and four feet eleven inches 
 hold, and was named in honor of Capt. John B. Libby, ' now .superintendent of 
 the Puget Sound Tugboat Company. 
 
 The Maty Woodruff, built at Port Madison by John Swan, a logger, and 
 Jay E. Smith of Steil.icoom, was sixty-three feet long, fourteen feet lieam, six 
 feet hold, with machinery taken from the old Raiiyrr, then on the beach, which Sw^'n had purchased from the 
 owners of the abandoned vessel. When completed she was put on the Whatcom route, where she was the 
 pioneer steamer in the postal service, and the first which had ventured there since the bursting of the mining 
 boom of 1858, after which event the steamships and small steamers which had been so plentiful gradually 
 dropped off until none were left ; and a .short time prior to 1860 there was no communication whatever between 
 Whatcom and the outside world. "Humboldt Jack" Co.sgrove .secured the mail 
 
 contract about this time, and ran the sloop A/aria for two years ; but, as she was f 
 
 a poor sul)stitute for the transportation facilities which they had once enjoyed, the 
 people rejoiced when the (Fotx/;//^ appeared. She ran from Seattle in connnand of 
 her owner, Captain Swan, who was not thoroughly conversant with steamboating 
 in all its branches, and did not make a success with the ll'ooJ/iiff. After a short 
 time he dispo.sed of the steamer to Meiggs, the mill man. Meiggs had no 
 particular use for the craft, .so he in turn .sold her to Capt. John Co.sgrove,'' better 
 known as ' Humboldt Jack." The JIAiry Woodruff and her new proprietor then 
 liegan a career that made their names household words all over the Sound, for 
 the steamer was the first 'all around" boat that had yet appeared. She carried 
 mail, freight and pa.ssengers on various routes, towed logs and lumber vessels, 
 and jol)l)ed in these waters for years. Co.sgrove finally gave her up after other 
 steamers entered the contest for the business of which he had enjoyed a 
 monu|)oly. In 1870 Capt. Henry Smith was operating her, and in 1S72 she 
 
 became the property of Captain Williamson, who ran her for a long time, James stani.i-.\ 
 
 fnially abandoning her on the beach at Freeport. Her machinery and furniture were removed, and in June, 
 iSSi, the hull was destroyed by fire. She was a sidewheeler, with cog gearing from a single engine. Among 
 her first engineers was James Stanley, who is at present chief on the steamer Multnomah. 
 
 '•'Capt. Jolin I!. I<ibby was bom in Virginiii in 1.S52. IIi.s parents removeil to San I'rancisco four years later, ami in 1854 lie 
 arrived on Pu^et Sound. Ilis marine career began on the pioneer steamer which, for over a (jnarter of a century, made the name of 
 J. li. I.ililiy famous in the Northwest. He remained ou the I.ibhy, then owned and operated by his foster father, the late Capt. .S, I) 
 I,il>l)y, until 1870, when he went on the steamer Phantom, ruunin); between I'ort Ulakely, Seattle and I'ort Madison. After rnnniuK 
 the I'hautoin for a year lie was transferred to the Ruby on the same route, and ten months later resigneil and entered the employ of 
 llie Starrs, remaining with them as mate and pilot until 1.S73, when he became mate on the tug doliah, then comnianded by Cafit. 
 S. U. I.ibliy. In the winter of 1X74 he left the Goliah to lake charge of the steamer I'olilko/sky for the Port Madison llill 
 Company. lie remained there until March, 1S77, when he went to San I'rancisco, fitted up the old tug Donald and brought her 
 up for the I'reeport Mill Company. Leaving the Donald in 1.S7S he entered the employ of the Port Ulakely Mill Company, running 
 the steamer Ulakely until January, 18,84, when he went to San Francisco in the interest of his employers. He next engaged in the 
 stevedoring business with the late R. M. I)e Lion, abandoning that in i,S,S6 to take a position as assistant superintenilent for the 
 Taconia Mill Company. While in this employ the Puget Sound Tugboat Company was organized, and Captain I.ibby, being 
 Ihoroiiglily conversant with every detail of the business, was appointed superintendent, a position which he still holds, witli 
 lieadcjuarters at Port Townsend. 
 
 ■'Capt. John Cosgrove, known for many years to nearly every resident on Puget Souud as " Humboldt Jack," was one of 
 those genial, good natnred men who never hail an enemy. He journeyed to Puget Souinl in the fifties, and lived upon a laud 
 daiiii near Port Madison a short time, finally selling it to (>. \. Meiggs and receiving the steamer Mary Woodruff as part payment. 
 This venture proved profitable, and after disposing of the boat he lived ashore at Tacoma, subse<|uently taking charge of the steamer 
 Blakily, which he ran for about four years. He met with a sudden death at the Woodward House, Port Blakely, February ,S, 1S78. 
 He was standing on a chair, attempting to hang a hunch of banan^is on a nail, when he lost his balance and fell, striking his left 
 leuipli (in the corner of a box. He never recovered full consciousness and died in about two hours. A few moments before his 
 ileatli his wandering mind revived a little and seemed to take him back to his steamboating days, to which he alluded in disconnected 
 sememes. His last words were: "Hurry and get up steam; I'm going." His body was taken to Seattle for burial, and such 
 a larj^e nniiiher of friends assembled that it was necessary to hold the funeral services in Yesler Hall. Nearly two-thirds of the 
 popiihiiion of the city attended, and many came from different ])artsof the Sound on the steamers Mastick and Goliah to pay their 
 respects to one of the most popular men in the early marine history of that vicinity. 
 
 \M 
 
 •t: 
 
 
 1^ 
 Bin 
 
 
 i?lt 
 
I20 
 
 Lewis «J Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 In the Victoria district half a dozen new steamers were t)uilt, among them tlie Prince of Wales, a good-sized 
 craft, intended for Lilloet Lake. The Prince was a sternwhueler, one hundred and fifteen feet long and twenty 
 feet beam, with engines fourteen by fifty-four inches. Capt. Hugh Stalker'' of Moodyville was with her during 
 the first three years. On Seaton Lake, two steamers, the Prince Alfred, a sidewheeler, and the Section, were 
 launched, and for the upper Fraser a second Enlerprise, a steriiwheeler, one hundred and ten feet long and twenty 
 feet beam, with engines twelve by thirty-six inches. A small propeller, the/. 11". Moore, was completed by 
 William Moore, and another sternwheeler, the Lilloel, was constructed by the Douglas & Liltoet Steam 
 Navigation Company. Dimensions : one hundred and thirty feet long, twenty-eight feet beam, equipped with 
 two boilers sixteen feet in length by forty-six inches diameter, and engines seventeen by sixty inches. Hei 
 initial service was from New Westminster to Yale, in which she continued for several years, first in connnand of 
 
 Captain Fleming and afterward in charge of Insley and other well 
 >'■'. known Fraser River masters. She took part in nearly all of the 
 
 combinations made on the Fraser and was in active use for ten 
 years. She was laid up at N'ictoria in 1S74, but after receiving a new 
 shaft and other betterments was held as a reserve boat, and as such 
 made occasional trips for some time. The British Columbia Steam 
 Navigation Company, formed the preceding year, made a combination 
 with Moore, bought off Captain Millard's steamer Hope and tied her 
 up. Captain Irving was not in the deal and with the Reliance made 
 matters very interesting on the river. The Cariboo mining excite- 
 ment was well under way at this time, and several hundred men 
 left Victoria daily, making a fine business for the Enlerprise, which 
 was running between Victoria and Westminster. The former port 
 received a visit from two tramp steamers, the Robert Loue from 
 London with one hundred and eighty passengers, among them J. 
 Griffiths,' the well known X'ictoria wharfin>,'er, and the Fiisi Varna 
 from New Zealand. H. B. M. ships Siilleg and Chameleon were also 
 at Esquimau during the year. F^oreign arrivals were the ships fnlia. 
 Captain Freeman, Siralhallan, Captain Paddler, Esk from Hongkong, 
 Somass from Amoy, and Vancouver from Cardiff, and the barks 
 Philippine and Hclvelia from London, Heversham from Hongkong, 
 and Dusly Miller from Liverpool. The ship Alice Thorndyke, Cap- 
 tain Thorndyke, brought immigrants from New Zealand, and, after 
 loading lumber on the Sound, cleared from Victoria with a number of passengers. The schooners Discovery, 
 Capt. George Rudlin,'"' Caroline, Capt. Jimmy Jones, Rose Netvman, Captain Francis, Blackhawk, Captain 
 
 "Capt. Hugh Stalker of Moodyville was born in Nova Scotia in i.Sjj, and when a l)oy of twelve years coninicnceil bis 
 apprenticeship on coasting schooners on the Atlantic. He subsequently became mate of the schooner Ida Slay, in the West India 
 trade, and in 1854 was in command. He left her to take charge of the schooner Curlew, but returned to the Ida May, ran her for 
 two years, and then proceeded to the Pacific, arriving in San Francisco in 1H62. Like nearly all seafaring men, the mines claimed 
 his attention at first, l)ut after a period on shore he joined the Prince of Wales, plying on Lilloet Lake. He remained on the 
 steamer three years, and then settled at Moodyville and operated the engine in the mill until he was oflered the command of the 
 steamer Union, which he handled until she burned on the I'raser two years later. After this casualty he served on the ferry boat 
 Lilly for a twelvemonth and subsequently on a number of other small steamers, until he took charge of the Leonora. Two years 
 afterward he left her for the Senator, of which he has since been master. 
 
 "Jeremiah Griffiths, wharfinger, was born in Wales in 1839, and with the exception of occasional intervals has been in the 
 marine business for forty years. He commenced in England as an apprentice on the brig Mary Grace in 1855, and followed the sea 
 until he reached Victoria in 1862 on the steamship ^o&fV Ao?*'. Alter his arrival he occupied the position of wharfinger for the 
 Hudson's Bay Company for nineteen years. He fitted out the schoonery('««i'y()««, which was afterward converted into a steamer 
 and made two trips to the mines. In 1882 he took charge of the Canadian I'acilic Navigation Company's wharf and has remained 
 with them ever since. 
 
 "Capt. George Rudlin of Victoria was born in Kssex, Kngland, in 1836, and at the age of twelve joined a fishing smack at 
 Colchester, England, and followed this vocation three years. He then spent a short time on Newcastle colliers, aful snbseciuciuly 
 shipped on the steamship Victoria as an ordinary seaman. The brig London for Valparaiso was his next l)ertli, and after reaching 
 the South American port he signed on the ship Red Gauntlet for San I'rancisco, arriving in the spring of 1856, He imniediiilrly 
 found occupation on a Sacramento River schooner, where he remained for a year, and then went to I'uget Sound on the bari 
 Etta Francis, which loaded coal at Whatcom. He was next on the bark Sarali Warren with Captain Gove, but after making one 
 trip left her in San Francisco and went to Humboldt Bay on the brig George Emery. When the gold excitement broke out mi 
 Fraser River he started overland for the mines, but on the way encountered Col. joe Hooker, who was constructing the 
 military wa^on road through from Oregon to California, and worlced for him four months, afterward going to Myrtle Criuk, 
 where he wintered. In the spring of 1859 he went to the mouth of the Unip(|ua and took passage on the steamship Columbia 
 for Esquimau, B. C. He found employment in the neighborhood of Victoria until the spring of i860, at which time he settled 
 on Discovery Island. While there he bought the schooner Circus, and, after sailing her two years in the wood trade to Victoria, 
 built the schooner Discovery for the coal and lumber traffic. The first cargo was lumber from the Port Madison mills to W. 1'. 
 Sayward's yard in Victoria, where a portion of it was used in the erection of the First Presbyterian Church. After five years in this 
 business he left the Discovery and sailed the Black Diamond for three years, and then took charge of the steamer Emma, which he 
 used to tow the lilack Diamond. He was subsequently master of the Grappler, ami with otiiers formed the British Columbia 
 Towing & Transportation Company and acquiretl the old steamer Beaver from the Hudson's Bay Company, Captain Rn.ilin 
 commanding her for nearly three years. He was on the Alexander for a few months, and later entered Spratt's enii'l.)y, 
 remaining with him until the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company purchased his steamers. While with Spratt he handled ilie 
 steamers Wilson G. Hunt and Cariboo Fly, and wheu the change in ownership occurred took the Enterprise, and afterward 
 successively the Princess Louise, R. P. Rilhet, Yosemile, Western Slope, Islander and Cliaimer. At present he is on either the 
 Islander oT Charmer on the Victoria- Vancouver route, which would hardly seem natural without Captain Rudlin. 
 
 Cai't. Hcuh Stalker 
 
The Oregon Stvam Navigation Company's Best Days, Many N"w Steamers in Puget Sound Waters 12 1 
 
 Hewitt. Alarm, Captain Ettershonks," ami a numljer of others, were tradiiif; and freightinK hetwee'i 
 
 ViiK'iiiiver Island and American ports. 
 
 One of the finest vessels yet built in the North, named in honor of the well known steamshi|) owner, 
 
 George S. Wright," was launched at I'ort Ludlow in 1863. She ran in the Sound and coasting trade for ten 
 
 years, and finally met with a terrible and mysterious end in 1873 
 *»' (see wreck of steamship George S. Wrifiht). The United States 
 
 sloop-of-war Sagimuf. Connnander W. \l. Hopkins, Chief Hngineer 
 Seymour, made a crui.se in Northern waters, and was at Seattle 
 for a few weeks in 1862. The bark A'arraniissic, Capt. Charles 
 Willoughby, from San Francisco for Port Townsend, left a record 
 for long passages that has never been eijualed. She made fair time 
 until Cajje Flattery was sighted, fourteen days out. There adverse 
 winds were encountered and the vessel was driven to sea, where she 
 weathered a succe.ssion of gales, and finally, after her canvas had 
 been torn into slireds, barely escaped destruction while beating in to 
 Barclay Sound. When her anchor dropped in the harbor she was 
 surrounded by canoes filled with ho.stile Indians, who, howiver, fled 
 in terror when they learned that .several women and children on 
 board were sick with smallpox. One of the passengers died of the 
 dread di.sease, and, after waiting for nearly four weeks for fair 
 weather, the bark put to sea with sails made of gunny sacks and 
 similar material, reaching Port Angeles Bay sixty-three days after 
 leaving San Franci.sco. While in her disabled condition she was 
 spoken by a schooner, which supplied the ship with a few provi-sions 
 and reported her ; but, through fear of a pestilential visitation, the 
 collector at Port Angeles refused to send a vessel to her assistance. 
 Brave old Captain Selden, of the revenue cutter stationed at that 
 point, finally .set out in defiance of orders, and, though he missed her 
 
 With the exception of the increasing numbers of the lumber fleet there were but few additions to the sailing 
 vessels on the Northern coast. Captain Cha.se was running the barks Ann Perry and luatiowa between San 
 Francisco and Olympia, and the bark Camden, Captain Mitchell, was in the Sound trade for a few months. The 
 bark (('. A. Banks, built in Maine in 1854 and registering four 
 luimlred and sixty-nine tons, which Captain Coe had bought for the 
 Oregon Steam Navigation Company, arrived from the Kast in 1863 
 in command of Capt. Warren Bray and was enrolled at the Astoria 
 custom-house. The bark Cambridge, built in Charleston, Mass., in 
 185S, and owned by her captain, N. C. Brooks, also registered at 
 Astoria. He afterward sold her and piloted for a while on the 
 
 ■' Capt. William Etler.slianks was bom in Abenlcfii, Scotland, in 1X42, and 
 liegan liis marine career in Mngland, where he passed fonr years as an a|)i)rentice 
 oil the bark Qiifi'ii Afargaril, airier wliich he was third mate 011 tlie ship l.auncts- 
 toil for eijjiiteen months. lie came to the Coast as second mate on the shij) 
 Julia, bnt in I'ebrnary, 1863, left her at Victoria anil prospected in the Cariboo 
 coinilry until Tall. lie subseqnently returned to Victoria and took command of 
 the Alarm, in the trading; and freiKl'ting business between there ami Naiiaimo, 
 for a short time. He then shipped as a .sailor on the .schooner Alhenii, sailing 
 uearly a year and a half between Victoria, .Mberni and Honolulu. In 1S66 he 
 became master of the scow Industry, served for a season or two, and then went 
 to work for Reiiton & Holmes at I'oit Blakeley. He sijjned aKaiii as a sailor on 
 the steamer Isabel in the following year, and while there was nearly killed by 
 the breaking of a hawser. After a short time he accepteil the position of boat- 
 kte|ier for tjie British Columbia pilots, and later was mate on the schooner Alpha 
 with Capt. Thomas Drennan, the well known Puget Hound steamboatman. The 
 ves.sel was cast away on the north coast of Vancouver Island within a month, and 
 Rtterslianks walked across the island to Nanaimo in midwinter, .^fter recovering 
 from the hardships incident to this exposure he took charge of the steamer 
 Emma, and two years afterward became captain of the scow Discovery. He Iive<l 
 ashore for six years, and in June, 1877, commenced piloting deep-water vessels 
 from Victor! 1 to Nanaimo and Burrard's Inlet, in which occupation he has been 
 very successful. 
 
 '* George S. Wright, one of three sons whose names are familiar at every 
 seaport between Panama and Alaska, was born in New Vork City in 1832, came 
 
 to the Pacific Coast in the early fifties, and with his brothers has Iweii interested in many of the pioneer steamers on Northwestern 
 waters, among which were the John T. Wrif;ht, Goliah, Enterprise, Wilson G. Hunt, Daniel Webster, Olympia and AVrc World. 
 He served as purser on the Hrother Jonathan and I'acijic while the\' were owned by the Wrights and also occupied the same 
 position on the -S^ii Bird. He joined forces with Finch in 1865, built the Olympia, and, during almost the entire period of her 
 prosperity, was one of the owners of the Eliza Andtrson, a craft which is said to have run slower and made money faster than any 
 similar steamer that ever floated. With the decline of steamboating on the Sound, Mr. Wright disposed of his holdings, and has 
 since been engaged in marine ventures in California and at present is out of the business after forty years of experience. 
 
 Cai't, William H'i'tkksiianks 
 
 i ~f{ '■ I 
 
 mi'W 
 
 -i-- i 
 
 WW:\ 
 
Mi 
 
 111 
 
 ' 
 
 i^i 
 
 ii 
 
 ;;! 
 
 122 
 
 Lewis 4 Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific IVorthwvat 
 
 Colninhia l)nr. The liark Oii-. one of the old-timers, was running l)ctween Coo.s Hay and San Francisin in 
 command of Ca))!. J, W. McAllep.'" 
 
 Marine casnallics were few in numlier in 1H6.1, no serious disasters occurring on the Northern coast txccpi 
 tile loss of the bark C/m's/n/i/iir MilchilL Captain l')ustace, which was wrecked near Point Chatham while ni loute 
 to San Francisco from Nanaimo witli a cargo of coal. The ship F, //'. Ilailiv went ashore January Slh iliree 
 miles south of Point I.ohos while in lon/c to Puget Sound to load lumber for Australia. She sailed out of tin; 
 (iolden (late, liut the wind failed .soon after clearing the heads, and she was ol)liged to anchor. The hoMiiiK 
 ground was poor, and, despite the efforts of the crew, she soon went on the rocks. I,. R, Dyer, captain, Thomas 
 Adams, mate, William Randolph, John Torlando, Peter Simpson, John Conway, J. C. Fielding, Jo.seph Lynch, and 
 George Kiiikley. were lost. The tug Morimac, afterward well known on the Columbia and I'uget Sound, capsi/cd 
 on Humboldt bar, February 22d, and all hands perished. Thecrew consisted of: Hatch, captain; Martin, en^jiiifer: 
 Hales, mate ; C. McLean, J. S. Oarwood, Mr. Harrington, two deckhands, two firemen and four others. Anionj! 
 the notable deaths of the year was Capt. Lafayette Ualch, who came to the Sound in 1850 on the old brig Ctorj-e 
 limery. He was the founder of the town of .Steilacoom, and ran a line of packets between there and San Francisco 
 for many years. Another man of equal prominence in early marine affairs, Capt. W H. Wells, was drowiieil in 
 Shoalwater Bay by the capsizing of a plunger. 
 
 Over a score of steamers were either built or brought in for u.se on river and Sound in 1864, and some of tliem 
 were (|uite pretentious in size and speed. As in former years, the Oregon Steam Navigation Company retained 
 almost ab.solute control of the marine highway to the upper country and either bought off or subsidized all 
 opposition. Their business had reached such proportions that over five hundred men were emjiloyed on the road 
 and river for several months each season. Tlie stampede of the preceding two years had taxed the capacity of 
 their steamers to the utmost, and early in 1864 they brought the California Steam Navigation Company's old 
 flagship AV,-c' U'or/J up from the Sacramento and put her on the Cascade route. 
 
 The .Viw l/'i);/(/ had more than a passing claim to the fame she enjoyed on both sides of the continent. 
 She was the first steamboat launched with steam up, and soon afterward was the central figure in one of the most 
 daring escapades ever attempted and successfully accomplished. She was built in New York in 1849 by William 
 Furness for a prominent shipowner named Brown, but before .she had seen any service was seized by the slierif 
 for debt. Capt. Ivlgar Wakeman had been engaged to command her, and when she became involved he planned I 
 release her in a novel manner. Securing permission to work the engines in order to prevent rust from accumulating, 
 he arranged with the engineer for a full head of steam, and at the proper moment ordered the haw.ser cut, and the 
 steamer went flying down the bay with the sheriff and three of his aides as unwilling passengers. When lie 
 reached the narrows he ran close in shore and stopped the engines, and, as he emerged from the pilothouse, the 
 angry official covered him with a pistol, saying: " I am the .sheriff of New York City and County. This vtssel 
 is in my charge, and she must be taken back to the dock." Wakeman straightened up and said : "And I am 
 master of the good ship Mu' IVorlJ, afloat upon the high .seas. This vessel is in my charge, and let who <[uestioiis 
 it beware." He signaled all hands on deck, and when they appeared, armed with pistols, knives and cutlasses, 
 the .sheriff and his men were hustled over the side into a small boat and set ashore by the mate. The A'en' World 
 steamed away, making her first stop at Pernambuco, where she ran in at night and got out again without 
 trouble, but was pursued into Rio de Janeiro by an F<ngli.sh frigate, which, had she been fleet enough, would have 
 ended the cruise of the A't-u' World, which was without clearance papers and would have been a lawful prize. 
 The ab.sence of the necessary documents might have caused .serious difficulties at Rio, but Wakeman was eijiial 
 to the occasion, and, while pulling ashore, managed to fall overboard and lose the tin box which was supposed to 
 contain them. The consul accepted the explanation, sympathized with him, and sent him on his way armed 
 against future interference. Eighteen of the crew died at Rio with the yellow fever, but the AVr.' WoilJ was 
 finally coaled and started seaward. At Valparaiso .she was ordered into quarantine for twenty days, but Wakeman 
 made such a strong protest that the authorities turned him loose at the end of the eighth day, and he went on to 
 Callao, where he was informed that the news of his flight from New York had reached the Pacific, and that an 
 effort would be made to capture him at Panama. The New World took fuel enough to carry her through if 
 nece.s.sary, but ran into Panama at night, anchoring behind the Lsland of Tobago. Wakeman went ashore wearing 
 a red flannel shirt and a Scotch cap, and learned that there were but two men authorized to seize the steamer and 
 but ten Government soldiers available, while the town was full of people willing to pay $300 each for 
 passage to California. He returned to the steamer, and at sunrise anchored in plain sight of the city, with the 
 covers removed from the gilt name on the wheelliouse, and went a.shore to make arrangements for the 
 transportation of the eager crowd. The marshals attempted to arrest him, but, before they were aware of liis 
 intention, he covered them both with revolvers ; and a large number of excited passengers gathered about them. 
 
 '^Capt. J. W. Mc.Allep wiis born in Maine in 1838 and spent his earlie.st days on the water on the Atlantic. He arriveil on 
 the Pacific Coa.st in 1863, and his first etnployinent was on tlie bark Ork, running to Coos Bay. He spent a few years in Simpson's 
 service, coinmanding the Ijrigs .Iraffo ana Oriiiit, the schooner /Cnlerprise, several tuglionts, the sleainers liaslport and I'.iiipiii .nid 
 the ship Drtioil, and was subseiiuently captain and part owner of the clipper Western Shore. He retired from deep water a ii«' 
 years ago and went to Seattle, where he had charge of the fireboat Stwi/iialiiiie, and, after having lieen superseded by Capi lin 
 Conner, went round to the Columbia and rati one of Simpson's tugs for a short time. Since the death of Capt. Charles Carlson lie 
 has been master of the Chilkat on the Alaska route. 
 
Tht) Oregon Stuam Navigation Company's Btjit Days, Many Ni:w Stt-.inifrs in Pui/tit Snaml W:itt'rs 12 J, 
 
 CAM. Cl.ANKICK CROSItV 
 
 offering to tar aiut fi'iither, lynch, or dispoHe of the nffeiuliiig oflicers in niiy way that Wnkemnn iiiinlit suKKtst. 
 TIk' ili|mtifs rcali/fd thi'ir hulplcssiiess and sensibly tore up tiieir papers. The steamer left I'aiiaMKi, June jotii, 
 witli twii hundred paHseiiKers, nrriviuK at San Franci.sco, July ii, iH^o. She at once went to work on the 
 Sacramento River and continued there until 1H64, when she was sold to the Oregon Steam Navi^;ation 
 OimiKinv, steamed North in charge of Capt. Chris. Dall and arrived at Portland in April. Capt. John Wolf 
 took iliarKC of her on the Ca.scade route at once, and on the opening trip. May _vl. she carried a large crowd, 
 acc(Mii|iimied hy a hand. The gold mines of the upper country were at their best at this time, and business 
 oil 111!.- river was booming. Nearly two thousand pounds of gold formed part of one cargo, and great numbers 
 of piMiple and much freight were transported. In spite of her extensive carrying capacity she was none too 
 large i'l'T the route, and even had to be assisted by the other boats, the ll'i/son d'. lluni running with her in the 
 
 pas.seuger service, and the Carrie /.tiM ami /•.'.r/>/r,s\«, during a good portion of the 
 time, for freight and stock. As long as this condition of affairs lasted the 
 enormous oi>erating exjiense was not heeded ; but, when the business slackened, 
 a more economical steamer was ordered for that locality, and the A'crc W'othl 
 was disposed of to Hale, Crosby '" & Winsor, who took her to the Sound, where 
 she made her first appearance in March. In the fall of that year a half interest 
 in the steamer was bought by Jacob Kamm for )fi2o,<)oo ; but, as the tralTic at that 
 time did not warrant her retention in the North, she was sent to San Franci.sco 
 in 1868, where she was promptly libeled by the California Steam Navigation 
 Company for breach of contract, as the agreement made when she was sold 
 to the Oregon Steam Navigation Company for $75,000 provided that she was 
 to be kept out of California waters until ten years had elapsed. After considerable 
 litigation the matter was finally settled, and the wheels of the H'orM again went 
 round. In appearance she resembled the steamer IVilsoii (,. Hunt, was two 
 hundred and twenty-five feet long, tweii\ seven feet beam, and nine feet hold, 
 with a walking-beam engine forty-six by one hundred and twenty-one inches, 
 contained thirty-five staterooms and one hundred and eleven berths, and was very speedy. Wliile on the 
 Coluiubia she made a round trip between Portland and the Ca.scades in six hours and fifty-seven minutes' actual 
 rumiiiig time. 
 
 During the prosperous busine.ss of 1H64 the Washington Territory Transportation Company, the principal 
 members of which were Donohue, Kohl and Ankeny, prepared to struggle for a portion of the Columbia River 
 trade with the steamer Cascades, a big -sternwheeler which they had built at 
 rtsalaily. As soon as completed she was sent to the Columbia, carrying the 
 niiicliinery for two other steamers which her owners expected to construct on the 
 river. The Cascades arrived at Portland, September 5th, and at once commenced 
 to refit. Her trial trip was made January 23, iHfi.s, with Captain \'an Uergen at 
 the wheel ; but, before .she had displayed much of an attempt at opposition, the 
 Oregon Steam Navigation Company subsidized her, and .she remained idle until 
 July, when the company decided that, inasmuch as they were paying a good round 
 .sum each month for her services, they might as well u.se her. Accordingly the 
 siiiall cylinders were exchanged for larger ones, and she started on the Cascade 
 route in charge of the following oflicers : John H. Wolf, captain ; N. B. Ingalls, 
 jiiirser ; James Galloway, chief engineer ; Louis Piper, pilot; and William Smith, 
 mate. The steamer surprised every one by reeling off fifteeen miles an hour 
 with ease, and, owing to this as well as to her large carrying capacity, she was 
 operated on the route until 1.S70, when years of hard running had diminished her 
 .speed and lessened her general utility, and she was abandoned. The Cascades 
 will always be remembered by old-timers as the first sternwheel steamer with a wheelhouse, this improvement 
 being one of the many devices of the late John Gates. The dimensions of the steamer were: length, 
 one luiiidred and fifty-five feet ; beam, twenty-seven feet .six inches ; depth of hold, five feet ten inches ; engines 
 first used, sixteen by seventy-two inches ; replaced in 1863 by others, eighteen and a half by seventy-two inches. 
 The t)regon Steam Navigation Company made its first effort to control the Astoria trade in 1864, and as usual the 
 rival steamers were compelled to withdraw from the contest in a very short time. Karly in the year Captain 
 .\iiiswortli bought Holman's interest in the route, and the Julia, which he had been running in opposition to 
 t! .■ foliu H. Couch, was taken off, and the latter steamer continued in the service. 
 
 On the upper river the fleet was reinforced with the steamers Yakima and Owyhee. The Vaktma, which in 
 her (lay was the champion of the upper Columbia, was built at Celilo in 1864, making her trial trip May 4th in 
 
 "Capt. Cluiirick Cro.sby was born in Kast Brewster, Mass., in 1814. and, as soon as he was olil enougli to n" to sea, shipped 
 lic'lorc the mast and sailed lietween Atlantie ports and Europe in the merchant service. He foUoweil this vocation until 185.S, 
 will 11 hu left tile ocean for a few years and went to the I'acific Coast. On I'uget Sound he was interested in several small steamers, 
 liMi liL- New World was such an unprofitable speculation thai he abandoned the business and took up his residence at Tiimwater, 
 wluic he died in 1879. 
 
 \rr Wii.l.iAM riMi HI 
 
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 1' ^, 
 
 \ I 
 
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 1 
 
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 ! i| 
 
 124 
 
 Lewis cf Drydens Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 cumiuand of Capt. Charles Felton. She was a handsome steiiiner, one huiulred and fifty feet 'lOng, twenty-nine 
 feet beam, and five feet hold, with twenty-six staterooms elegantly furnished and with a freight capacity of over 
 two hnndred tons. Her engines were seventeen by seventy-two inches, and they sent her along like a racehorse, 
 giving her a record of forty-one hours and thirty-five minutes from Celilo to I.ewiston, a distance of two hundred 
 and seve!;ty-nine mihs, against a very swift current and with many rapids to climb. This run was made by Capt. 
 E. F. Coe in June, 1867, an.l has never been excelled. Coe commanded the Yakiiiia the greater part of the time 
 until 1S70, when he was succeeded by Capt. Thomas Stump, who was the last master of the steamer. In 1S75, 
 while on her way down the river with one hundred and sixty tons of freight, she struck a rock in the John Day's 
 Rapids, which sto\-e in the bottom from the bow aft nearly past the boiler. She was immediately headed for the 
 Oregon shore and iank in shallow water. While this cxiienence was not a new one lor the steamer, the mishap 
 was of such a serio.is nature that she v as of but little value after -'le was raised. I'eter W. He Huff" was one of 
 the best known engi.ieers of the )'akiiini, and James W. Troup was purser in the early part of the seventies. The 
 Ouyliff was built at Celilo and was originally intended as an opposition steamer to the Oregon Steam Navigation 
 Company, but before she was completed the monopoly secured control and she came out under their flag. She 
 commenced running to Lewiston in connuand of Capt. J. H. I). Oray, with H. C. Coe, '' pilot ; and the former 
 continued in charge ur.til 1S67, wlieii Capt. liugene I'. Coe took her. Capt. S. I). Holmes and Capt. Thomas Stump 
 subsequently served on the steamer, and in 171, while Stump was running her, she struck a rock about twenty 
 
 miles above Wallnla on 
 her way to l.ewiston ami 
 sank almost instaiUly. 
 She was thought to he a 
 total loss, but was after- 
 ward raised and was in 
 coni.ni.ssion, except at 
 intervals, until 1S76. at 
 which time she was dis 
 mantled at Celilo. Her 
 engines were placed in 
 the steamer W'lhoini- cm 
 the lower river, and 
 subsequently did good 
 work both on theColnm- 
 l)ia and on Puget SchuuI. 
 The dimensions of llie 
 Ou-y/iir were : length, 
 one hundred and twenly- 
 t h ree feet : bea ni . 
 twenty-four feel : deptli. 
 four feet : engines, six- 
 teen by forty -eiglil 
 inches. In July, 1S7.S, 
 Capt. Fred Wilson sailed 
 
 SllAMiK V4K1.MA J ], , |, „ ] ] do^y,, ^VlT 
 
 Tumwater Falls, stern first in safety ; f'om here sht was taken to The D.Ules in March, 1.S79, by William 
 Johnston, mate of the steamer /'. A'. Thiunpsoii, and ended her days as a wood barge on the middle river. 
 
 Karly in the yea.' a weak attempt at opposition was made by an organi/atiou known as the Columbia 
 Traiisportation Comparv, of wliich 1 evi I'-arnsworth was president. They operated the little propeller Celilo nn 
 
 " I'cler W. De lIulT -as liorii in York, IViiii., in iS^S, ai- ' ooniinciueil slcaiiilmalin); in llie NdiHuvcsI in iSb^ on the /■.'. /'. 
 /lakt'r, t>et\veen t'ic Cascades ant? Portland. He remained iheri' but a '^hort time, ami was next on tin- Willamette, >;i>inK Inter u> 
 tile middle rivei, where lie rem. lined in the employ of the Oregon .Steam Navi;.iation Companx' ;ind its sneeessors tor over a ipiartri 
 cf a eeiunry. He retired iVom active ser\ice on the river several years before the t ir.'jion Raihvay ^: Navigation Cmnpany w l^ 
 turned over to the I'niou I'acilu', --uui was put in charge ot" the machine simps at The Dalles. Me has won much renown h\ Ii:- 
 m.istcrly services in connection with the <lani;er(nis passaj^e ol" the Casca.des, and ;ihva\s took ch.tr^e ot' the enj.iines when there w i-- 
 a steamer to he taken over the ra[dds. lie was with Capt. James Tronji on tlie celelirateil trip oltlie lliiii,-sl (Jiiifi. when she cmiiic 
 through Tumwater l-'alls in 1SS2 with rudilers carried away and with the pillow hhicks and eccentric rod broken. It was an excitin-: 
 journey, but the ste.imer hnally readied the bank, alter drifting four miles, lie lliili repaired the d. image, and the boat cmihc 
 through to The Dalles without further mishap. He was also engineer with Troup when the P. S, /M/^'f'r came down from the iippci 
 river. Although he has had several narrow escapes, Mr. Dc Hulf was never in a serious acciilent and bears the reputation of bcuii; 
 one of the most careful as well as fearless men on the river. He is still living at The Dalles, where he has made his home during 1 
 good portion of his active career, and remains in the employ of the Oregon Railway »V Navigation C<impany in connection »ii;i 
 engineering work at the railroad slioiis at that place. 
 
 ^'11. C. Coe was born in Livingston Comity, N. Y., in iS).). His parents emigrated to Oregon in 1S15 and settled at IIoi'l 
 River in the fall of the same '-ear. In iS(i2 he coinmenced steamboatiiig as an appientice jiilot on the Oregon Steam Navigali' ■: 
 Company's '■. earner Ciiloiiel ll'nf/i,\ |.; i'. i;„e, master. He contimieil in the service of the company until the fall of kS(h), when 1 
 gave up ..leam' nating and engaged in farming. He followed this business until 1S79, when the Oregon Railway ^c Navigatii'' 
 Company was organi/.ed. He then cut Ted their employ and reinaiued with them until the completion of the road, when he aga: 
 relumed lo his home at Hood River, whc c he now resides. 
 
rnri-K 1M-: llri I-' 
 
 T'le Oregon Steam Navigation Company's Best Days, Many Mew Steamers in ^uget Sound Waters 125 
 
 the miilillc river, in command of Capt. John T. Kerns, and the small sidewheeler Pioneer, between Portland and 
 
 the Cascades. The life of the enterpri.se '.vas hrief, and in Angust the /Wnieer was sent to Vaqnina in charge of 
 
 Captain Ikicliau, and was run l>y Cyrus H. Carr, who is still an engineer on the hay. She was the first steamer in 
 
 the harlior and was followed a few months later by the J-^lk. Cajit. 
 
 Richard Jordan. The /Voiieer afterward fell into the hands of the 
 
 Kellci.u.ns, and Orrin Kellogg was master for a while. 
 
 .\'ext in importance to the Columbia River routes was the Cowlitz 
 
 tra>lc. 'I'here wa:i a large amount of traffic between I'uget Sound and 
 
 the Ccihinibia, and. as ocean steamers were few in nundier. the bulk 
 
 of the travel was via the Cowlitz to the head of navigation and thence 
 
 liv st.igc to t)lympia. Previous to the purchase of the A'esiue and 
 
 C(V(.// by Captain Ainsworth, the Oregon Steam Navigation CNimpany 
 
 ran the /■'.v/'nss in opposition to the former, which was ojierated 
 
 bv llie Monticello & Cowlitz Landing Steamboat Companv. The 
 
 steamer A'eseiie — length, ninety-five feet ; beam, Iwentyoue feet : 
 
 (ic 'h of hold, three feet .seven inches ; with engines ten by forty- 
 
 ciglit inches— was built at Monticello by OlitT Olsen, who had been 
 
 running tlie steamer ("ct///- and who was also interested in the /o/i/i 
 
 II. Ceiieh. completed only a short time before. With him were 
 
 associated a man named Huntingdon and one or two others. To 
 
 retaliate upon the Ore.gon Steam Navigation Company for crowding 
 
 them so hard on the Cowlitz route, her owners i)nt the A'eseiie on 
 
 lite Cascade line in conitnand of Captain Thayer, and the ////in was 
 
 sent after her with Captain Strang. While the war was in progress 
 
 rates lielween Portland ami the Cowlitz were cut to twenty-five cents, 
 
 and an opposition stage line carried passengers through to Olympia 
 
 for six dollars. The A'e.une gave way to the pressure, but the route remained in contest nearly all of the time 
 
 nntil the completion of the Northern Pacific, principally owing to the fact that almo.st any kind of a steamer 
 
 conUl handle the trade there, while it required better boats to run to the Cascailes. In iSh^ she was oi)erated for 
 
 a while on the .\storia route to compete with the Oregon Steam Navigation 
 Company's steamers. Init Captain .\insworth ([uietly bought her in with the 
 (.'i>ii(/t and the iie//e and afterward turned his purchases over tf the company. 
 Soon after clianging ownership. Capt. James Strang was appointed master 
 and handled her until iSdo, when C'apt. Oranville Reed took charge for a 
 year. gi\ing way to Capt. William Smith. She remained on the Cowlitz 
 route, with occasional trips to Astoria, until 1S71. when, the Oregon Steam 
 Navigation Company having given up the Cowlitz trade, she was sold to 
 Joseph Kellogg. Her new proprietor kept the little steamer moving until 
 i>^-S. when she became too old for rnrlher use and was broken up. In the 
 language of one of her masters, she was "an awful big little boat" and 
 carried a lar.ge cargo despite her diminulix e dimensions. 
 
 The overlanil passenger trafiic to the luist was somewhat of a fictor 
 in transT ortatioii in i.Sfi4, as lien HoUailay's stage 
 line coiniected with the Oregon Steam Naviga- 
 tion Company's steamers at Wal; .. carrying 
 
 Cm'I. K. C Col ■ , .■ I, ■ r 1' 1 
 
 (..is.sengers throngh by way ol iVuse. Idaho, 
 Tlic fare by stage from Walla Walla to Hoi.se was j;.(u, and to Alchi n. Kan.. :?J2,s. 
 Kaoli person was allowed twenty-five pounds of bagga,i;e. ami an excess over that 
 anidunl was charged for at the rate of Si. 5.1 per pound. When the fight with the 
 lVi>]ilcs Trans])ortation Company ended, a new schedide of rates for up-river points 
 wa- established: To The Dalles, freight, $!.=;. 00 per ton: fare, $(i.c«). To Walla 
 W. ilia, freight, 550.00 ; fare. $1 J.i«>. To I'matilla. freight, 54.S,'>o : fare. Sum"' To 
 l.cwiston, freight, Son. 00: fare, S.'j.i«i. The .steamers (hieeii/ii, hialio and /;•/.■ vere 
 employed on the niidille river, the latter as a stock boat, and the '/'eiiiiio. (l-.i/iee. 
 Vii'.nih). and the little steamer C'initsr. which the\- had bought from Leonard While, 
 on llij upper river. The i'iiseih/i//ii was running on the upjier Snake and sometimes 
 came ilowii to Celilo, but did not meddle with the ciunpany's business. Captains 
 Tuinbiill and Troup built the steamer I'liiiiiie Tioiifi for the X'ancouyer route, and 
 tlk -tenner Seiialor was completed by Capt. Joseph Kellogg for the Willamette trade : but she soon passed 
 into the hands of the People's Transportation Company, who also constructe<l the steamer A'e/i<iii,r ,\l Canemah. 
 Dm 111;.; the year several of the pioneer steamers of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company passed out of 
 
 M'l. Ok \N\ II It-: Ki;kii 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 
 fl 
 
 1 
 
 jH 
 
 5)1 fi 
 
 fl 
 
 
 |B 
 
 
 1 
 
 ■ 
 
 liiHIi. 
 
 Ma 
 
 
 B 
 
 t! 
 
1 1 
 
 I 1 
 
 II! 
 
 
 126 
 
 Lewis (f Drydnn's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 existence. The Mountain Buck was stripped of her machinery and left in the boneyard, the Carrie I.add was 
 converted into a barge, the Iitdcpendene and the Jennie Clark were dismantled and burned, and the Fashion was 
 permanently retired. 
 
 The steamer Fannie Troiif> was launched at East Portland, .September 29, 1864. James Clinton built the 
 hull, and W. H. Ti oup superintended the equipment. A number of Vancouver people were interested with Troup 
 and TurnbuU, and the steamer was intended to replace the Vaneoiiver on the \'ancouver route. She commciicecl 
 running late in the fall, in command of Capt. James Turnbull, and subsequently made trips to Kalama and to the 
 Cowlitz, the Turnbulls, " father and son, and Captain Troup retaining control until 1S70, when the steamer 
 pas.sed into the hands of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company. The following year the Vancouver 
 Tran.sportalion Company operated the new Vancoiizcr on the Cowlitz in opposition to the Fannie Froiifi, and the 
 liveliest kind of a steamboat war was precipitated. Captain Babbidge ran the latter 
 and Captain Kerns the former. The Vaneouver was eventually worsted and went 
 on the Vancouver run, which she was permitted to retain unmolested. The Fannie 
 Tronp continued on the lower river in command of Captains Babbidge" and Richard 
 Hoyt, Jr., until 1874, when .she sank in the Cowlitz ; and, though she was rai.sed 
 and taken to Portland to be repaired, her days of usefulness as a steamer were ended, 
 and her engines were used in the U'eleome. Her dimensions were: length, one 
 hundred and twenty-three feet ; beam, twenty-one feet ; depth of hold, five feet ; 
 draft of water, light, twenty-two inches ; engines, twelve and one-(|uarter by forty- 
 eight inches ; wheel, seventeen feet in diameter with fourteen feet face. The .steamer 
 Senator, which in 1875 went skyward in one of the worst boiler explosions since 
 1854, was built at Milwaukie by Capt. Jo.seph Kellogg in 186,^, but did not make 
 her trial trip until January 22, 1864. Her dimensions were : length, one hundred 
 
 and thirty-two feet ; beam, twenty-four 
 feet ; depth of hold, four feet six inches ; 
 
 engines, fourteen by sixty inches. Soon '^"''- \^'""'"' >< I'KM.r,,,. 
 
 after completion she was .sold to the People's Transportation Com- 
 pany. Her owner received stock in payment and continued in the 
 co;:mand of the steamer until 1867, when Captains George Pe.ise 
 and E. \V. Baughman ran her for a while. Capt. Charles Kellogg 
 took her in 1869 and remained in charge until the People's Trans- 
 portation Company was succeeded by the Oregon Steamship Coni])aiiy 
 (Ben HoUadayj. The Senator was a good boat of her cla.ss an<l had 
 a fine record until "her day came at last" (see explosion of steamer 
 Senator, 1875). The steamer A'elianee arose from the ruins of the 
 /;. /). Faker, which had such a brief career on the lower Willamette 
 and Columbia. She was built at Canemah, and on completion ran 
 lietween upper Willamette points in command of Capt. John Cochrane 
 who continued in charge throughout her existence, being relieved 
 occa.sionally by Capt. George Pease. She lasted until 1871, when her 
 engines were removed and placed in the steamer .Itiee. belonging to 
 the same company. The dimensions of the Relianee were : length. 
 one hundred and forty-three feet ; beam, twenty-four feet ; depth of 
 hold, four feet eight inches ; engines, sixteen by seventy-two iiitlKS. 
 With the A'elianee and their other steamers on the upper Willamelle, 
 and the Senator and A'ival below the falls, the People's Transportaliim 
 Company were in a good condition for handling the large business which came to them. For a short tiiiu' in 
 October and November, during the low-water period, they used the steamer Skedaddle as a connecting link 
 between Oregon City and Clackamas. 
 
 'Capt. William R Turnlmll, a son of the pioneer Capt. James Tnrnbull, was horn in ,St. I.oui.sin 1.S42, i-oniinenciii),' I'i'* "niriiif 
 career with lii.s father a,s purser on the /■'lUiiiic Tivxp in 1S64, ami aflerwaril hecame captain of the same steamer. When llic l-'annx 
 Ti'tiiip w;iR sohl to the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, he entered the emplo>' of the new owners and ran their steamers Nt 
 several years, serving at different times on the Orient, Oieideiil, Willttmelle Cliiff, and otliers ctpially well known. lie die 1 .it 
 Vancouver in l^^77. 
 
 "Capt. John W. HahhidKe, who commanded the steamers of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company on the .\stcirin ronlc mr 
 twenty years, was horn in Maine in |S(2, and, like the majoritv of young men in that part of the world, followed the sea I • .1 
 livelihooil. .\fter cruising on the .\tlantic for a few years, he went to the Pacific Coast as second mate on the hark Cainhriiii: " 
 iS6.(, leaviu'^ her at I'ortlanil to go on the Allied Croshv, then in the coasting trade hetween that point and Victoria. He remai ::i'l 
 on the ( 'loiov a year, and suhsecpientlv ran the Government sloop lielle hetween Astoria ami I'ort .Stevens until iSfiy, when he I'e- 111 
 steamhoaling as ,1 deckhanil on the /<>//»/ //. I ctiiili. Ilis ahility was soon recognized hy the Oregon Steam Navigation Com)) t iv, 
 and three vears later he was given tile captaincy of the steamer /•aiiiiie Tioiif), on the Cowlitz rcnile. lie went from her t" 'e 
 Ot;atioii<iiia\\i\ Infill, and afterward to the Dixie '/'liiiiiif<\o>i, I'mnm Hny-.enril, .liiiiie Slewarl, Josir AfiXeiii, Oiieoiilii. lu'ir 1. 
 S. (,'. A'erd Mniiiitiun Oiieeii, ll'i/tanirtle I'tiie/, A'. A'. Tliomf<soii, U'iite H'eit. E. S. Cooke, and other steamers of the Dregon Sli i"i 
 Navigation Company. In 1SS7 he commenced to pilot deep water vessels on the river, lint left -he work in iSSi) to take cliargr if 
 Devlin's cannery steamer City of AslDria. continuing in this service until 1891, when he huilt the steamer A'. Milei, which h. is 
 operating at the present time on the Westjiort route from A.storia and enjoying a good husiness. His son, Capt. Williur 1'. Ilahhil e, 
 who was a pn])il of his fattier in stenmhoating, is master and part owner of tlie steamer Hteetrie. 
 
 Cai't. John w. iiaiiiiiih 
 
The Oregon Steam /Navigation Company's Best Days, Many IV ew Steamers in Ptiget Sound Waters 12; 
 
 The steamer Maria, which came to Portland from the Fraser in 1862, ended her days in April, 1S64, while 
 in possession of the United States marshal, who was put in charge when Judge Deady decided her forfeited to the 
 Government. While in his hands she sank at the wharf, March 23d, but was subsequently raised so that the 
 macliincry could be removed, and was sold at auction to Captain Turnbull, who, after dismantling her, sold the 
 hull to James Clinton. 
 
 In August, 1864, the little propeller Cflilo, the .second steamer to attempt the trip, came safely over the 
 Cascades in command of Capt. Dan Baughman, with Fred Congdon, engineer, and fireman John.son, the only 
 otlRT iiersons on board. This hazardous undertaking had been looked on with many mi.sgivings prior to this 
 lime, lint, a few weeks before the Cclilo made the passage, a man named Brown had pas.sed the rapids in a small 
 skiff involur.tarily without disa.ster, and the feat was not looked upon with so much wonder as when the Umalilla 
 surprised the natives by coming through in comparative safety in 1.S58. 
 
 Several new steamers appeared on the waters of Puget Sound and British Columbia, the most important of 
 them a big .sternwheeler, the .Ihwaudria. built at Victoria by William Moore. The .[Icxandiia was the most 
 unfortunate venture that Moore had yet engaged in, and while .she was a fine boat with good power, she was 
 a poor speculation for all who were in any way ccnnected with her. She cost $50,000 and ruined her builder 
 before she performed any work. Being unable to make a satisfactory .settlement with his creditors, Moore ran her 
 over to the American side until he could arrange his affairs ; 
 but the Victorians followed and took her back to \'ictoria, and 
 put her on the route between that port and the Fra.ser River as 
 an independent steamer. She was first commanded by Captain 
 Coffin, who was succeeded by Doane and Insley. After a few 
 trips she collided with and sank the I-'idclatcr off Clover Point, 
 for wliicli the owners of the latter vessel recovered heavy dam- 
 iiges. Tlie unlucky steamer was ihen .sold to T. Pritchard for 
 J5,oo<), and after having been refitted, started out in command 
 of Captain Swanson. ' She was, however, never much of a 
 success, and the Hudson's Bay Company removed lier machinery 
 iu i.S6c) and it remained on the wharf in X'ictoria until 1874, 
 when Capt. William Buchanan of Portland purchased it to 
 furnish power for his big towboat Ocklaluxma. The dimensions 
 of the Ahxandiia were: length, one iiundred and sixty -.seven 
 feet : beam, twenty-nine feet six inches ; depth, eight feet ; 
 engines, twenty-one and oneiiuarter by seventy-two inches. 
 The /Idflalcr, another famous coasting and jobbing steani.sliip, 
 arrived at \"ictoria in March, having come from England under 
 sail, devoting one hundred and seventy-five days to the trip. 
 She was refitted and put on the route between Portland and 
 British Columbia ports, and her subseciuent career under the 
 liritisli, Russian and American flags was eventful. She was 
 finally confiscated by the United States Government for alleged 
 fraud in securing American registry. After her collision with 
 \\k .Ui:\(i}idria she was in command of Captain luskine, and made her first voyage from Victoria to I'uiii.md 
 in June, 1.S66, with forty-six passengers. Captain Erskine ran her to Alaska a few trips in i.S' - in tin.- service 
 of the Russian-American Eur Company, who had bought her from the British owners. hu adopleil the 
 .\uierican colors at the time of tlie Alaska purchase, and in 1869 was .seized by the United .Si.acs GovirnnKnt. 
 In 1S75 the vessel became the property of Goodall, Xelson & Co., who used her on the southern routes out of San 
 Francisco until October, 1.S76, at which time she vas lost on the lower coast (see wreck of steamer J'idt/ali ■ The 
 I'iddiilci was a propeller, one hundred and thirty-one feet long, twenty feet beam, and ten feel li uil. with 
 o.scillating engines twenty-seven by thirty-six inches. 
 
 The redoubtable Capt. "Jimmy " Jones, '" who had been running .schooners on the Sound foi several \ears, 
 .succeeded in fitting out his .schooner Jenny Jones wiih machinery in 1864 and put her in commission between 
 
 Wll LAMKITI-: KUKH STKAMKK 
 
 '■'CKpt, John Swanson, the l)est known of any of llie Iliiilson's I),iy Compiiny's nmstens of early years, was born in Hiiiil.Tiid 
 in iSj;, and arrived at Viiloria, It. C, on the old CaJboiv, when liul a lioy. He -spent many years in ohar),'e of the steamer /!, ii:, i , 
 ami nil. kr bis j,'iiiclanee that craft explored many channels in various paris of the Northwest hitherto niikniiwn. some of whicli still 
 ret.iin his name He was master of the steamship /.nfioiic/ii'ir and the /'ii/crftiisr, and remained in the service of the comjiany nntil 
 the tiiiu- of his death, which occurred at Victoria, October 21, 1S72. 
 
 ^Capt. James Jones, or "Jinnny" Jones, as he was always called, was a Welshman by Itirth, ami emi>;raled to California in 
 1M'(. X'linn to the Sound in 1S5.1, where he accnnudated a little money, with whicli he eon.strncted the schooner liiiiily l'ail;ii . He 
 r.iii her dnritif; the I'raser River excitement, .and after she burned built the i'tirolinr for the route between \'icloria anil Nanaimn. 
 His luxt enterprise was the construction of the Jinny /I'HCV, at first as a schooner nincty-five feet in '.eiiKth, but snbseiinently the 
 Josu M, Xi-,ii , fimvt'r, and other river steamers. He left this business to enter the customs service, but after a short time there he 
 look ,1 tri|) to the Samlwich Islamls for liis health. Not hudin^' the relief sonxht, he sailed on the bark /■'alki'iihcn; in May, 1S7S. 
 lihcreil and fitted up as a steamer. .Alter his return from llie celebrated lli^jht to foreign parts, he saileil the schooner /)is<ii:rn' lor 
 aViiiuria firm for a short time, but (iually became mentally unbalanced and traveled about the country Kivinn lectures on the 
 " Kinlil Womlers of tlie World." He died in Victoria, August Jo, iS.Sj, aged fifty-two years. 
 
 im 
 
 ifii ' '■ ■■■■> 
 
 !i-^ 
 
I ! 
 
 ; I 
 
 1 ! 
 
 if 
 
 
 128 
 
 Lewis <f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Portland and British Columbia ports. She made her first trip to Portland in April and narrowly escaped wreck at 
 the spot where the Woodpecker came to grief a few years before. Captain Jones built the steamer at Port Towiisend 
 in partnership with Franklin Sherman and continued operating her through the year. In the fall he bought out his 
 partner and the following spring indulged in an escapade which is so remarkable for the reckless daring with wliich 
 it was carried out that it is worthy of more than passing mention. In February, 1865, he became financially 
 involved at Victoria and was thrown into jail. His schooner in the meantime had been sent to the American side 
 in command of the mate. 1 lie Victoria gaol, as they term it on that side of the line, was somewhat insecure, and 
 through the intervention of friends the Captain secured a woman's dress and bonnet and escaped. After much 
 trouble he landed on the American side of the Straits only to learn that his steamer was in the hands of the United 
 States marshal at Olympia, some of his American creditors having followed the example of the British 
 Columbians. Captain Jones went to Olympia. and, when the Jenny Jones was sent to Seattle to be sold, he went 
 with her as a passenger. The vessel tied up for the night at Steilacoom, and the marshal, not liking the quarters 
 aboard, went to the hotel. After he retired "Jimmy" decided upon a bold plan. With the United States 
 Government against him on one side of the line and the British (lovernment similarly interested on the other, with 
 fuel only sufficient for a forty-mile run. a solitary .sack of flour, two pounds of sugar and a pound of tea, he cist off 
 the lines and steamed away. Before the hold was clear of wood he reached Port Ludlow, where he had previously 
 located a few cords, and, with the aid of this, he managed to reach Nanaimo. Here he was refused coal but 
 succeeded in obtaining a few provisions, steered for a deserted coal dump and engaged some Indians to assist liini in 
 getting aboard about twelve tons of coal dust, which had l)een lying there for several years. With this supply he 
 started for the coast of British Columbia north of Burrard's Inlet to secure wood to mix with the coal dust, and when 
 about twenty miles out encountered a leaky sloop with a cargo of provisions. The crew begged to be taken off the 
 
 sinking craft, and he complied 
 with the request and also did 
 not neglect to secure their 
 freieht. Thus well manned 
 and equipped the Jenny Jones 
 struck out for the open .sea ; 
 and, with steam and sail both 
 helping her down the coast, 
 slie arrived at San Bias after 
 a journey of twenty-five days. 
 Here Jones paid the men their 
 wages, and also allowed them 
 $625 for what he had taken 
 from the sloop. He subse- 
 quently obtained a profitable 
 freight for Mazatlan, and on 
 reaching that point the crew 
 again pressed him for money. 
 "Black Dutch" Albert of 
 Port Townsend, one of the rescued, claimed $1,000 and made application to the United States consul to h.ive 
 the steamer seized until his demand was acceded to. His evidence that she had run away after .seizure was 
 unsupported, and the ves.sel was released after paying the men During tlie difficulty some one un.shipped and 
 secreted the rudder, and, becoming disheartened with continued annoyance, Jones sold the craft to the Mexicans 
 for $10,000 and returned on the steamer /£>//« /,. Stephens to San Francisco, where he was arrested but promptly 
 discharged, the Court holding that according to the evidence the Jenny Jones had not left the marshal but the 
 marshal had left her. On this decision that officer's bondsmen were sued for $4,'ioo, and the matter dragged Mlong 
 in the courts until i86,S, when Captain Jones returned to the Sound and was tried at Steilacoom and acqniucil. 
 The engineer, Charles Hughes, who accompanied him on the trip, was also arrested and released. 
 
 Two small sternwheel steamers were constructed on the Sound in 1864, the lilaek Diamond at Seattle iiid 
 the Pioneer at Olympia. The latter was only about sixty feet long and had eight by twenty-four inch engines. 
 Slie was owned and operated by Capt. C. Crosby, but was afteward jnirchased by I{. L. Finch. She never went 
 very far from home, but in i,S6,S made a trip to Victoria in safety. The liliuk Piamoiut was a fiat-liottomed l>oat 
 of twenty-eight tons register built i)y Hill & Rabsen a.-, a schooner, but was afterward fitted with machinery and 
 ran for a long time in the Wliite River trade. According to Capt. Tom Brennan, "It was a deep water voyage 
 from Seattle to Olympia, and when Hill, her first captain, set out on such a trip he went round to bid everybody 
 in town good-liy." Captain Hill continued jobbing about the Sound with the vessel for several years and fin, illy 
 disposed of her to the Tacoma Mill Company, svlio in turn sold her to Captain Gove in August, 1876. Althouf^h 
 slow and a poorenrrier, the lilaek Diamond was never a losing investment. She w.is about .seventy feet in leMi;th, 
 and her power consisted of a pair of eight by thirty inch engines. A most valued addition to Puget Sound's 
 steam fleet in 1864 was the new tug Cvriis Walker, brought up from San Francisco by Capt. A. B. Gove. She 
 
 Tut; "CVKi-s Walkkr' 
 
The Oregon Steam Navigation Company's Best Days, Many Hew Steamers in Paget Sound Waters 129 
 
 lii 
 
 CAiT. William (;(i\-k 
 
 was l)iiilt ill San Francisco in 1864 for Pope & Talbot and Cyrus Walker, in whose employ she is still running, 
 
 appan :itly good for several years. While she was primarily intended for towing, she frequently ran under a 
 
 passiui^LT license, as the scarcity of steamboats during the early days of her existence made her services quite a 
 
 coiivcnioiice to people living off the routes of tlie passenger steamers, in localities where the regular duties of the 
 
 Cyrus U'd/h-r frequently carried her. She was a sidewheeler, and at the 
 
 time of her advent was considered a fine boat ; in fact she retained her 
 
 pre.stij;>^ for fully twenty years, and even after the arrival on the Sound of 
 
 the niDilern fleet of tugs slie held her own remarkably well. The H'alkcr 
 
 and till' Goliah are owned by the same company, and when the former has 
 
 added a few more years to her score l)otli of tliese old gleaners should l)e 
 
 carefully preserved as curiosities. Capt. A. H. Gove was succeeded in 
 
 command by Capt. William Gove," who had been mate on the steamer. 
 
 .\moiig other masters who handled the old packet were I.ibby, Kaker, 
 
 and the two Williamsons. The dimensions of the steamer are : letigth, one 
 
 hundred and twenty-eight feet ; beam, twenty-six feet ; de])th of hold, 
 
 eight feet three inches. With the Walker, as engineer, came George W. 
 
 Bullene,'" a man who was afterward prominently identified with marine 
 
 interests and for twenty years United States Boiler Inspector for the 
 
 district of I'uget Sound. 
 
 The Levialhaii, which had left Victoria for Ihe Columbia several 
 
 years before, was brought back in 1864 and sold to the Government; and 
 
 the steamer Diana, which Tom Wright made famous, was making occasional 
 
 trips in and out of the harbor. Ivsquimault received a visit in May from 
 
 the Ru.ssian corvette Hogalyre en 
 route to the Russian possessions in 
 Alaska. The British Columbia 
 pilots, who prior to this time pos- 
 sessed very poor facilities for boarding 
 
 vessels, chartered the schooner \'ieloria Paeket in April: and the Chnmielc, 
 in commenting on the project, said : " Had a similar craft been equipped 
 and manned four years since, at least half a million dollars would have 
 been saved to the colony, to say nothing of the unenviable reputation 
 our water approaches have attained abroad." The schooner A'oiipariel 
 made a trip to the codfish banks off Oueen Charlotte's Island and met 
 with very good success, beside placing herself on record as the first 
 vessel in the Northwest to engage in this business. The output of the 
 Nanaimo coal mines increased so rapidly that several of the old lumber 
 droghers found it profitable to enter the coal trade. Among the fleet 
 thus engaged in !.S64 were the barks Fraiiris Palmer and Plorida. 
 which carried four cargoes each to San Francisco ; bark Sarita. two ; 
 and the barks Idiiil'riiige, (hra>i lihd, Cieori^e Wnshiiigloi and DeiiDiark, 
 ships Rosedale, Lnmashire, Saracen, l.oekett and Dub/in, and the brig 
 IK /5. A'/rc, one cargo each. 
 On the ocean routes business was unusually good all through the year. The Prollier /inial/iaii arrived at 
 
 Portland on her first trip in the spring with seven hundred passengers, and the MoUaday line was doing equally 
 
 well, the Panama carrying over five hundred jias.sengers on each of .several trips. In June \.\\c John I.. Stephens 1 the 
 
 ' Ccipl. \Villi:ini Ciove, who ha.s seen more tiiKlioat service on I'liget .Scninil waters tliaii any man living, was horn in Maine in 
 iS;,4, iiiiil iollowed tile nsnal course of marine instrnetion received l>v the youtiR men of tliat section, lie went to sea at ;m early 
 atje aiirl after many crnises arriveil on I'nKet .Sonnd in iShs as mate on tlie tn^'mal Cyrus ll'ii/iir. He was socni promoted and 
 served as master of tlie Inn nnlil 1S74, wlien he took conimanil of tlie Favorite, remaining with her for two years, at which lime 
 lie was transferred to the i'liiiiihi, but after running her several monllis. and making a few trijis on llie old (^oliali, returneil to 
 the CyiKs tl',iti-rr, on which he was employeil most of the lime until the /"ivv was liuilt, of wliicli he look charge in 1HS4, and 
 still ()ccuj)ies the same j)osilion. During his long career on the Soniiil he has witnessed many disasters to less fortunate vessels 
 anil lia> furnished relief to several, but has never yet been invi'lveil in any serious trouble with a craft in liis charge. 
 
 Ctcorge \V. HuUene was born in New York in 1S22. Ilis father was a ship carpenter ami boat bnililer. M the ,ig? of 
 sfvcntcrii the young inaii went to New York to learn the trade of mechanical engineer, ami from there to New Orleans, where 
 lie eiilisiiil for the Mexican War and served two years. In 1.S4S he went to St. I.onis and worked on the river nn'.ii 1S54, 
 ifierwanl foUmving his profession iu New Orleans. On the outbreak of the Civil War he was again enrolled in the army, and after 
 l>ein;,' wimiided left the .service and went to the Pacific Coast, arriving in San I'ranci.sco in 1.S64. lie at once fitted out the Cy>i,s 
 W,>lk,-i and look her to the .Sound, but sulise(|uently returned to San iMancisco. He was engageil in i.S6,s to act as niiist!.r 
 aieeliaiiii for the Puget Mill Com])any and remained with them until 1S6S, when he accepted a similar position with the Port 
 MailisoM Mill Company. He was appointed I'nited States boiler Inspector in 1S7;,, and tlie same year opened a machine shop 
 ni Sealtlc, which he conducted for live years, and then returned to the employ of the Port Mailison Mill Coiupanv, remaini-ig 
 inilil iSS), ai which lime he went to Tacoma and superintended the cnustructiou of a mill for the Tacoma Mill Comiiany. •■•nd 
 later relmili Simpson's mill on Orav's Harbor. Ivxcepl during intervals of .a few ye.ars he has held his posititni as inspector, and. has 
 resiilcil m Seattle conlinuouslv since 1.SS5, 
 
 I:;:!* 
 
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 fill 
 
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 M: 
 
 
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nw 
 
 WW: 
 
 130 
 
 Lewis c? Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 .11 
 
 largest steamship that had yet attempted the navigation of the Columbia) visited Portland. Among the ocean 
 steamers running to the Sound ports and Victoria were the Sierra Nevada, Oregon and Paeijic. In August, (iwing 
 to low water and obstructions in the Willamette, the steamships only ran as far up as the mouth of the river. The 
 citizens of Portland took up a subscription and cleared out the snags, but were satisfied, however, with nuuii less 
 depth of water than they require at the present time. The Oregoniiiii, calling attention to the results 
 obtained, in speaking of the arrival of the bark Industry said : "She came well freighted, and under the skillful 
 pilotage of Oilman had no trouble entering the Willamette, drawing twelve feet." Evidence of the clum.sy 
 devices employed in unloading ships at this period appears in a statement that the bark Charles, Devens had made 
 a great improvement in the method of hoisting freight from the hold, which was accomplished with the aid of a 
 yoke of oxen, a cu.stoni which prevailed until the advent of the steam windlass. In June the brig Crimea reached 
 Portland with a cargo consisting of two hundred and eighty thousand feet of redwood from Mendocino County, Cal., 
 the first shipload of this commodity to the Northwest. The growth of the marine industry was not confined to 
 steam craft, as at several points in the Xorthwe.st substantial sailing vessels were con.structed, the mo.st important 
 of which were the schooner Coldstream, built at Alberni, B. C, the Passaic at Gray's Bay, and the 
 L. B. Hastings at Port Townsend, the latter ves.sel plying between San Franci.sco and Northern ports. The 
 number of sloops and small schooners on Puget Sound was larger than ever before, and, owing to the high rates 
 charged on the steamers, the lesser craft did a profitable business. On the Columbia a remarkably fast sloo]), the 
 Harvest Queen, in cainmand of Capt. Ned Kerclien, was operated between Astoria and Cape Hancock. She was a 
 San Francisco product, and, Capt. George Flavel having taken a fancy to her, he secured the vessel for use on 
 the Columbia. 
 
 Two well known coasters came to grief in 1864, the barks hvanowa and Ocean Bird. The latter first visited 
 the Columbia in 1S49, in command of Captain Hall. She was launched at Augusta, Me., in 1847, and enrolled 
 at Astoria in 1853. She .served for years in Abernethy & Clark's packet line io San Francisco, and was afterward 
 sold to parties on the .Sound. She left Port Madison on what proved to be her last voyage March 19th in company 
 with the bark Rival. Heavy southwest gales were encountered, and on April ,^d the vessel capsi/.ed. The crew 
 were on the keel six hours before the masts finally gave way, and she partly righted. The cabin and forward 
 hou.se were nii.ssing, and the survivors remained on the wreck from Sunday until Friday without food or water. 
 Tliey were rescued by the steamship Panama when almost exhausted and taken to Astoria and Captain Blake 
 and three of the men arrived in a .serious condition from the e.xposure to the inclement weather. The worst 
 disaster of the season was the loss of the frcano-d'na on Vancouver Island in November. The bark left Nisqually 
 November i8th in command of Captain Mortage with lumber for San Francisco. .She pa.s.sed Cape Flattery light 
 on the twenty-fourth and ran into heavy gales from the east, which started her to leaking so badly that in a 
 comparatively short time she was waterlogged ; and while in this condition a heavy squall threw ler on her beam 
 ends, carrying away the masts and washing three sailors overboard to death. The bark subsequently righteil and 
 drifted to the North. Four days later she struck a reef near Nootka and commenced to break up. Captain Mortage 
 and six men, the remainder of his crew, started for .shore on a raft, which they reached after the loss of three of their 
 number. The survivors were taken to Victoria by the sloop Leonede, Captain Francis. The schooner Cornelia 
 Terry, owned by Ludlum & Co. of San Francisco, was wrecked on the bar at Vaquina Bay, October i.^th, while 
 en route to San Francisco, laden with oysters. \'e.ssel and cargo proved a total loss, but the crew were .saved. The 
 barkentine /(7/;//V Ford, from San Francisco for Puget Sound, went to pieces on North Head soon after leaving; the 
 city. January 2yth. A passenger named Osgood lost his life, but Captain McCarty and crew reached the shore in 
 safety. The steamer Mary \Voodru/f\\a.i.\ her upper works completely destroyed by a boiler explosion July 31st. 
 while towing a raft on the .Sound, about eight miles from Utsalady. The captain, engineer and three Indians on 
 board escaped without serious injury, but the vessel was so badly damaged that it was necessary to practically 
 rebuild it. The trading sloop k'ing/islicr of Victoria was seized by the Indians near Clayoquot .Sound, and Captain 
 Stephenson and three of the crew were murdered by the savages. When the news of the massacre reached 
 Victoria H. B. M. ship .Sntlej was dispatched to the scene of the outrage and on arrival shelled the village and 
 captured the murderers. 
 
 il 
 
 TfS (J*. ff"- 
 
t^T^SC^^w^C^^^SF^^i 
 
 Sul'fii* 
 
 
 H 
 
 '^}:^Kf\^^. 
 
 CHAPTHR VII. 
 
 Loss OF TiiR '■ Brothhr Jonathan" — VVii.i.amktte Stkam Navioatidn Company — Thk Dai.i.es 
 ScHooNKR Navigation Company- '^i-position on the Cowi.itz Route — Steamships " Dei. Xoktk" 
 AND "Orizaha" — Coi.i'MiiiA River's First Bar Tuc — Upper Coi.i'mhia Steamer "Forty-nine" 
 — The "Sir James Doit.i.as " — The Pirate "Shenandoah" — Pihiet Sdi-nu's I.umher 
 Interests— \Vki:ck oi- the Hark ' Indi.strv " - Crew op the ' Royai, Charlie" Murderei* 
 iiv THE Northern Inuians — The "Shoshone" LArNciiEi) at Fort Boise —Orec.on and 
 Montana Transportation Company — Stea.mi:rs "Mary Moohy," "Cahinet" and " Misson.A " 
 —The "Okanooan" Brought to the Middle River -Cheiiai. is Rinek Steamer " Satsai.i. " — 
 The "Josie McNeai<" on I'uoet Sound — British Steamer "Isahei." — Steamships " Fidei.ater" 
 and " Constantine" — The Russian-American Tei.roraph Company — Ship " Niohtinoai.e " — 
 Anchor Line Stea.mships "Montana" and "Idaho" — The "Continental" and the 
 Mercer CIiri.s — Steamship " Orii'lamme " — Wreck oi' the Steamship " Lahouchere " and 
 Hark " Mauna Kea." 
 
 MOl'RXFl'L talc of death ami disaster darkened the pages of marine history in 1.S65, and, 
 with the single exception of the loss of the steainship Pacific ten years latei, no snch 
 terrible calamity has ever hajjpened on the Pacific Coast. The steamship lUolhcr 
 Jonathan, well known on all of the routes luirtli of San F'ranci.sco, struck a sunken rock 
 near Crescent City, and in a few minutes went to the bottom of the ocean with nearly two 
 hundred people, who were powerless to escape from the doomed vessel. The Ihother 
 Jonalhau was built in New York in 1S52 for the Long Island Sound trade, but was sold 
 on completion to go to the Pacific. She was brought around by Capt. C. H. Baldwin, 
 afterward admiral in the I'nited .States Navy, with Hiram Sanford, chief engineer ; L. V. 
 
 Hogelioom, first assistant ; Dan 
 
 Saltus, second assistant; C. .\. , 
 
 Low, purser; and George 
 
 Hutchinson, first officer. After 
 
 reaching San Francisco she was 
 
 secured by \'anderbilt for his 
 
 Nicaragua line, but was sub- 
 
 seiiueiUly disposed of to John 
 
 T. Wright, who ran her North 
 
 muler the name Commodore 
 
 mitil i.S.sS, at which time she 
 
 narrowly escaped sinking with 
 
 three Iniiidred and fifty ])assen- 
 
 gers. After this Wright sold 
 
 her to the California vSteara 
 
 Navigation C o m p a n y , and 
 
 under llie superintendence of 
 
 Capt. A. M. Burns, •!■ her new 
 
 STKAMSIIir 
 
 ■ Kkoimkk Jon \ l ii \.n 
 
 I'^ipl. \. M. Hiirn.s, wlio lias 
 «iin.s-ivl llif Krnwtli iif tlie.ste.iiiiliip 
 tnisiiu-^s 1)11 the I'licilu- Co.-ist from its 
 
 iiici'iitiiiii, was hnni in I'liiliulelphiii, I'lmim., Ills iiari'iils ooiiiiii); to the (jiiaker City from tliu Soutli a short time hefore his birth. 
 He ncL:aii saihnjj out of New York about 1S35, coiitimiinj; tliere for aliout ten years ami le.-iviiij; soon after the Mexican War to ^n to 
 llie Isiliiims of Panama, where he took eoniinanil of the first steamer that aseemlcil the Clia;;res River, lie reinaincleil at Clia(,'res 
 
 W\ 
 
 p -1 
 
 
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 :i ii'M 
 
 i 'I'll 
 
 |! 
 
 ■li 
 
 11 
 
3 
 
 ija 
 
 Lewis cj Drydens Marine History of the Pacific IVorthwest 
 
 t ' 
 
 . 
 
 : ( 
 
 owners expended several thousand dollars in rebuilding and refitting her, and as soon as they had settled 
 their differences with Ben HoUaday she was put in the northern trade again. In the few years prior to 
 1865 the steamer made a fortune for her owners. She was considered a very fair traveler in her day when 
 not too deeply loaded, and the general opinion has always been that, had she not l)een overburdened, the 
 terrilile fate wliich finally overtook her would have been averted. For months preceding her departure on tlie List 
 trip the northern business had been exceedingly heavy, and the steamers were oliliged to leave freight bcliind 
 for lack of carrying capacity. This state of affairs existed when the nrother Jonathan was preparing for her 
 fatal voyage, and on July 27th, the day before she was scheduled to sail, her master, I)e Wolf endeavored 
 to induce tlie agent to stop receiving cargo, warning him that she was already as deeply ladeTi as she could 
 run with safety, even without the large number of passengers expected. The official who was acting in place of 
 Major Samuel liensley, the regular agent and vice-president of the company, paid no attention to his 
 remonstrances, and intimated that, if the captain did not wish to take the steamer out, he could find a man who 
 would. De Wolf said no more at the time, though he expressed his misgivings to a friend on the dock -x few 
 minutes before sailing. 
 
 At noon on July 28th the steamer swung out from her moorings and toiled laboriously through the Golden 
 Gate, the people on board little thinking that they were bidding farewell forever, not only to California, Imt to 
 the earth, which few of them would ever walk again. A strong head wind and a heavy sea, together witli the 
 overburdened condition of the steamer, made progress a difficult matter, and it was not until the morning of tlio 
 thirtieth that she passed Crescent City, scarcely holding her own in the heavy gale prevailing. Captain De Wolf 
 
 bravely kept her on the course until one o'clock, when, having 
 
 reached a position about sixteen miles northwest of Crescent City, 
 
 ' and realizing the futility of trying to proceed until the we.ither 
 
 improved, he determined to run back to that point and anchor 
 The steamer was put about, and had gone five or six miles, when 
 she brought up suddenly with a shock that threw the passengers 
 off their feet. At this time the unfortunate ves.sel was about e'ghl 
 miles west of I'oint St. George, and immediately after striking 
 broken pieces of the keel floated up alongside, showing that the 
 hull had received .serious injury. The only member of the crew 
 .saved who was in a position, at the moment of the acciden', tn 
 have any exact knowledge of the occurrence, was Jacob Yates, the 
 quartermaster, on watch. His statement is as follows: "I took 
 the wheel at twelve o'clock. A northwest gale was blowing, and 
 we were four miles above I'oint St. George. The sea was numing 
 mountain high, and the .ship was not making any headway. The 
 captain thought it best to turn back to Crescent City anil wait 
 until the storm had cea.sed. He ordered the helm hard aport. I 
 obeyed, and it steadied her. I kept due east. This was alxiut 
 12:45. When we made Seal Rock, the captain said. 'Southeast liv 
 south.' It was clear where we were, but foggy and smoky iiisliore. 
 We ran till 1:50. when she struck with great force, knocking the 
 passengers down and starting the deck planks. The captain 
 stopped and backed her. but could not move the vessel an inch. She rolled about five minutes, then gave a 
 tremendous thump, and part of the keel came up alongside. Hy that time the wind and sea had sleweil her 
 around until her head came to the sea, and she worked off a little. Then the foremast went through the Imttoni 
 until the yard rested on the deck. Captain De Wolf ordered every one to look to his own safety, and said that 
 he would do th- best he could )r all." The greatest confusion reigned on board. The steamer was poorly 
 equipped with life-saving apparatus, and the helplessness of the passengers increased when the nature of the 
 injuries received became apparent. The vessel was impaled on a hidden ledge, and a jagged point had pierced 
 the hull and held her so that all efforts to back off were futile. The sea was beating heavily on the port quarter. 
 and the vessel veered around until she came head to the wind. The ob.struction on which she had lodged iiuist 
 have been wedge-shaped, as, in swinging, the bottom of the ship burst open and the foremast slipped down 
 through the opening. The first boat was launched very .soon after the steamer struck, but .so many scrambled 
 into it that it was capsized immediately, and nearly all of the occupants drowned before the eyes of the -e on 
 board. A .second boat was then lowered, but before it had quite reached the water was swamped by the careening 
 
 as aneiit for tlie steainsliip company iiiitil Marcli, 1S49, when lie came to San I'rancisco anil sliortly afterward comnieiiceil ii;iinin); 
 to Nicaragua. In 1.S52 and 1S51 lie was on tlie Porlland and San Francisco run in charge of the stcanislii])S Coliiiiibia and /'/ nionl. 
 leaviiiK tlic northern route to again take the Nicaragua steamers. When the California .Steam Navig.ition Company pnrclia-id the 
 steamships l\t<ilic .and Iholhir Joiuithan, Captain Ihiriis sunerintended the repairs to the latter steamer and alternately conini imW 
 each of llieni for several years, retiring from the water early in 1S67 after a long and successful career, during a jjeriod wl^> 11 tlie 
 greater nunilier of the steamship men of the present generation were infants. Since retiring from the water Captain Uui .s has 
 resided in San l'"rancisco the greater part of the time and at present is engaged ill the insurance Imsiness in the liay City. 
 
 C.M'T. .\. M. HCRNS 
 
The "Brother Jonathan' and Other Notable Wrecks, Steamboatiny on /ntfrior Waters 
 
 '33 
 
 of till.' 'Gainer. The third mate, Jatnes Patterson, was in bed at the time of the acrideiit, but made liis way on 
 
 deck aN i|iiicUly as jiossible, and about fifteen minutes after the first shock succeeded in lowering another lioat, in 
 
 whicli iie placed five women and three children ; but, before he could make I'urther efforts in behalf of the 
 
 ilesiiainiiK passengers, ten of the crew jumiied in, loading the frail craft down to the water's edge, and it seems 
 
 almost a miracle tliat they ever reached shore. This boat, containing 
 nineteen souls, arrived at Crescent City in safely, and these fortunate 
 few were the only ones who survived out of nearly two hundred who 
 had left the Hay City a few days before full of life and hope and with 
 no thought of the awful death in store. The crew of the lirotlur 
 Jouiithan was as follows: Samuel J. I)e Wolf,' master; W. A. H. 
 Allen, first otTicer ; J. I). Campbell, second officer: James Patterson, 
 third officer; John S. Heiiton, purser; Albert Dwyer, freight clerk; 
 lUijah Mott, chief engineer; O. White, first assistant engineer; J. 
 Francis, second assistant engineer; William Anderson, oiler; A. Col- 
 lenburg, Fred Malers, Arthur Harvey, William I.owry, J. Thompson 
 and Patrick I,ynn, firemen ; John Hilton, John (lorman and John 
 Clinton, coalpassers ; James Perkins, Jacob Vates, Joseph I,. Ooniez, 
 H. Walker, G. Frederick, A. (ion/els. William Penn, I,. Domingo, 
 J. Silva, William Foster, Fied Douglass, James Fowler, seamen ; John 
 Miller and D. Deas, pantrymen; Thomas Tierney, porter: H. Miller, 
 baker ; C. F. Laurend, watchman ; Charles Rice, Manuel Herrlia, 
 ICdward Shields, John Hutton, Ivdward Franklin, John V.. Porter, M. 
 Salinas, David Farrell, waiters; .Stephen Moran and John W. Welch, 
 cabin boys ; Jennings, a newsboy : Richard Daulton and II. O. lirown, 
 stewards ; Charles Laws, James Laws and II. Lee, cooks : C. Steven- 
 son, stewardess ; John Hensley, storekeeper ; and George Church. 
 Her passengers were : Brigadier-General Wright, V . .S. A., .Tud wife, 
 Lieut. Iv. D. Waite. V . S. A., Miss Mary Berry, S. Meyer, David 
 
 McHendle, A. L. Styles and wife, William Logan and ;servant, James 
 
 Xesbit, James IC. Trites, M. Crawford, T. Dawson, Miss i\Lary Place, ( 
 
 .Mrs. Sl.ickpole and two children, J. Weil, Mrs. Anna Craig, Mrs. Lee 
 
 ami infant. Governor .\. C. Henry, L. G. Tuttle, B. H. Stone, wife ■. :- 
 
 ami child. Captain Chaddock, II. S. A., Mrs. John C. Keenan, seven 
 
 courtesans, S. B. Morgan. S. N. Lnckey, wife and child. Miss Forbes, 
 
 Henry .Vbranis, Fdward Cardiff, Charles N. Beklen, Albert Micklet, 
 
 George Wedekind, James Berton, Thomas Moyle and wife. Miss Ivliza 
 
 Davis, Mrs. John Charlton, Daniel Parrish, Robert M. Frazer, John 
 
 R. Craig, William Billinisky, J. S. lienn, Mrs. Woodlock, Conrad 
 
 .\(lams, I'rcd A. Pound, Gilman Clindruaid, James Lynch, Dr. A. 
 
 Ingraliani, l'. S. A., James P. Richards, Victor .Smith, Miss \{. P. 
 
 .Siiow, James Conuell, J. G. Gay and wife. Miss X. Shu.ser, M. L. 
 
 Ikfroii, deorge W. Pollock, Charles C. Xorllirup, J. C. Hunsacker, 
 
 Mrs. .\. C. Brooks, Miss Hensley, William Logan and wife, D. Cran- 
 
 (lall, Mrs. C. Fonntaini and two children, D. C. Powell, wife and four 
 
 children, A. A. Stone, wife and child, Mrs. J. Stanford, Mrs. James 
 
 Ohiircli. Mrs. Wendell and child, two Indians, P. Leffer, J. S. Geddes, 
 
 I!, Matherson, Mrs. Lnckey and two children. M.ajor V.. W. Ivddy. 
 
 r. S. .\ , G. Canel. Moses Beiteer, Joseph Orzelli, H. Defimiie, 
 
 George \V. Annis, J. Strong, S. P. Craig, Mary A, Tweedle, Patrick 
 
 Dwyer, John Adams, R. S. Manly, Henry Abrams, Thomas Gullaii, 
 
 C. Bisiier, and Joseph A. Lord, Wells, Fargo & Company's mes- 
 senger. The boat which so miraculously reached shore carried Mrs. Martha V,. Wilder, Mrs. Mary .\ini 
 
 CaI'T. S.ami'KI, J. UK Woi.F 
 
 l-;i,ij.vn Mott 
 
 'C 
 1S22. .\t 
 Coast UN 
 Frtmouf 
 service li , 
 
 ' I- 
 as first .1.-- 
 rimiiiii); u 
 of his di .1 
 Ho};ebo(n 
 oil atowli 
 two J^:ilr^ 
 
 ijit. .Siimuel J De Wolf, in coiiiiiiainl of the .steamsliip Urolhfr Joiialluiti at tlie time of lier loss, was horn in Nova .Scotia in 
 
 llie a^e of sixteen he l)egan sailing; lietween New York and Liverjiool, lejn-inj,; this occupation in 1.S49 to j^o to the raoific 
 
 tirst olTicer of the ship On:t'ar(/. .\fter his arrival he coinmenceil rnniiinj; in the coasting traile as master ot the hrij; 
 
 111 1S53 he entered the employ of the California Steam Navij^aiioii CoiniKiny anil remained almost continuously in their 
 
 '111 that year until his death. 
 
 ■'.lijali Mott, chief enj^ineer of the /h-other Joitat/nvt when she was lost, was horn in New York in i>S2,S, and came to California 
 •i'.Unit eiiHiueer on the steamer I'lrifif, with Kin^ as chief. He was one of the most poiwlar and hesl known engineers 
 ml of San Francisco, and had been in the California Steam Navigation Company's service for a niiniber of years at the lime 
 
 til. Trior to his advent on the Coast he ran on the Hudson River as second assistant on the steamer /Ciiif<iit\ where 1.. Y. 
 11, the well known marine engineer, was with him for a short time. After leavinj; this posilit)n he served for a tew months 
 nit ill New York harbor and then started westward on the I'ai'ific. He was in the Stockton line out of .Sail Francisco about 
 
 ijcfore be joined the Brother Jonathan. 
 
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134 
 
 Lewis 4 Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacifio Northwest 
 
 I ; 
 
 Tweesdale, Mrs. Nina Hcrnhardt ami child, Mrs. Martha Stott and child, a Chinawoman and child, and tlio 
 foUowinK ineniber.s of the crew ; James I'atterson, third oflict-r ; David Farrell, stccrago steward ; Henry Miller 
 baker ; Patrick I.yini and William I.owry, firemen ; William Iv. Shields and Stei)hen Moran, waiters, and four 
 colored seamen. 
 
 The steamer /V/ Xor/r, Henry Johnson, captain, Frederick Uolle.s,' first officer, was dispatched to the scene 
 as soon as the news was received, and transported the few snrvivors to San Francisco, taking also the l)odies which 
 had been washed ashore. The officers of the ill-starred steamer met death with a heroism which was grandly 
 pathetic. Surronnded l)y scores of anxions passengers who pleaded for help that was beyond their power to ({ive, 
 they spent the last fleeting moments of their lives in trying to bnoy np the hopes of those who stood in the sli.idow 
 of certain death, endeavoring to make them believe that there was still a chance to escape. Ue Wolf said bnt little. 
 although his words soon after the ves.sel strnck were carried to San Francisco, and, like a voice from the gravi, 
 haunted the man who was indirectly responsible for the disaster, so that his life from that time knew nanglit ol 
 pleasure. As Patterson was leaving with his boatload, the brave Captain gave him his last order. " Tell tliciii, 
 said he, "that if they had not overloadeil ns we would have got through all right, and this would never have 
 happiMied." James Nesbit, a pioneer newspaperman of San Francisco, one of the unfortunates who remained 
 with the vessel until she made her final plunge, ])nlle(l out his notebook, sat down on a hatch and cahnly wrote 
 his will, which, after tying in a small package, he fastened to his body and awaited the end. The document was 
 
 afterward found upon his body, and the wording of it and the 
 clearness with which his wishes were expres.sed proves that the 
 old hero met his fate without flinching. 
 
 There were many heartrending scenes as the steamer 
 slowly disappeared. The wife of Brigadier-General Wright 
 paid for her devotion with her life, as she had entered the boat 
 in which the survivors escaped, but, on observing that her 
 husband would not follow, she insisted on being i)erniilted to 
 return to him, and clasped in his arms they met death together. 
 While the agonies of the last terrible :noi".ents were such as to 
 make all humanity shudder, yet the anguish, which was soon 
 over with the poor victims, sped to the homes of their loved 
 ones and left a cruel wound which even time does not lieal. 
 .\mong scores of others whose hearts were saddened by the 
 disaster was Capt. X. C. Brooks of the bark Cambnili;i\ which 
 had just arrived at Portland from Honolulu, and who wa.s 
 waiting for his wife and children to join the ve.ssel and sail for 
 the Islands with him. They perished in the wreck, as also did 
 James R. Richards, of the firm of Richards & .\[cCracken, 
 who was on his way to Portland to meet his family, then 
 due from Honolulu on the bark Ehhidi;i\ Of the large number 
 lost, less than .seventy- five bodies came ashore, and many ol 
 these were not identified. About forty bloated corpses were 
 recovered near Crescent City and the others at different places 
 between Gold Beach BlnfF and Trinidad. Among tho.se 
 recognized were : General Wright, Chief Engineer Klijah Mott, William Perkins, E. L. Lonate, Mr. I.each, 
 George W. Pollock, George Chad wick, Lieut. Iv. I). Waite, Charles Law, James Nesbit, A. Dyer (freight clerk I, J.-.. les 
 E. Frites, J. Strong, J. L. Anchoine, James R. Richards, Miss Mary Berry, B. Mather.son, B. H. Stone, Isaac 
 Weil, Mi.ss N. Shir.ser, J. S. Benton (purser), Charles H. Beklen and Mr. Millett. The Ihother Jonathan had a 
 considerable sum of money on board to be u.sed in paying the troops in the Northwest, and from this fact have sprung 
 a great number of wild tales of fabulous wealth supposed to have gone to the bottom with the ve.ssel. In some 
 cases the amount has been stated as over a million dollars, while as a matter of fact the property lost by the wreck 
 was only about $251 ,000 all told, much of it in cargo of a nature which contact with water would render worthless. 
 Nevertheless, many fcvppflitioii.s have been undertaken at an expen.se of much time and money in the endeav'ir to 
 ascertain the position of the wreck with a view to recovering the treasure, and hardly a year passes but some new 
 story is given the public to the effect that the long-sought steamer has finally been definitely located ; but iij) to 
 the present time the exact resting-place of the unfortunate craft still remains one of the mysteries of the deep 
 
 
 
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 Cait, Fkkdkkick Bullks 
 
 ■"Capt. Frederick Holies, who has seen more years of continuous service in the steamship lines between I'orlland ai;- 
 Francisco than any man now running north from the Hay City, is a native of Warchani, Mass., where he was horn in i.S.|. 
 IjCfjan .sailing on the Atlantic Coast while a mere hoy ami continued there until he reached the position of nnitc, in which cii| 
 he arrived in San Francisco in 1.S63 on the ship Koiktighl, leaving her to take a sinnlar berth on the steamship Oregon. I 
 rapidly promoted, and in a short time was nmde captain of the steamship Del Xoiii\ going from her to the Cali/oinia, I 
 .-//'(;. r, and other steamers of the Northern fleet. In 1877 he returnei'. to the F)ast and brouglit out the steamship ^//r <!/ (^ ■' 
 going back again on a like mission when the steamship Columbia was completed. While Captain Holies has always been for 
 with all of his commands, his record on tlie steamship Coliitnhia is remarkable. He has made over four hnnilred round tri| 
 her between Portland and San Francisco, and in nil that time never but once has he been longer than one night at sea on the 
 trip between the two cities. This wonderful regularity has caused the Co/uinlna to be expected on schedule time with a.- 
 cerlaintv as a railroad train. 
 
 .San 
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 :,-itc-i. 
 mate 
 - witb 
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 much 
 
The "Brother Jonathan' and Other Notahh \Nrvcks, Sivamboatiny on Interior Waters 
 
 135 
 
 'I'liere was no diminution in the tide of travel which had been steadily drifting to the North since the I'raser 
 Rivfi iniiiiiiK excitement As a matter of course, the spasmodic rush that is always a feature of such events had 
 been pntially eliminati-.i from the transportation problem ; l)Ut business was still ^ood, and people who had found 
 soiiKllinin in the m w Northwest beside sold that flittered communicated the fact to their friends in the I'iast, and 
 tlie (K velopnient of the country proceeded in a maimer more lastiii); and beneficial than could possibly be 
 acciiiiiplished by the presence of the yellow metal alone. The bulk of this immigration came by way of California, 
 ami tht sleanisliips of the Ilolladay line and the California Steam Navigation Comi)any were taxed to their utmost 
 capacity, anil the river and Sound steamers of tile Northwest were in turn kept busy dislri!)UtinK the iiic(jniing 
 pas^iLiiiicrs to all parts of Oregon, Washington and liritish Columliia. Railroads were still among the possibilities 
 i)f tla- future, and steam and sailing vessels afforded practically the only means of oonveyaiue between civilization 
 and the leniote points. I'reijminent over all otiier marine oigani/.ations which nourished at this jieriod was the 
 Oregon Steam Navigation Company ; their hold on the highway to the upper country never relaxed for an instant, 
 ami every attempt at opposition was nippe<l in the bud with neatness and dispatch, until in i.H6s they owned or 
 controlled every steamboat on the Columbia and Willamette rivers as far up as rortland with the single exception 
 of the I'iUiiiif '/'n>iif>. Their erstwhile formidable antagonist, the People's Transportation Company, was 
 coiiilucting a monopoly on the Willamette on much the same lines, but with less success. In fact so many rival 
 sclieiiies prevented the accumulation of a surplus that not until the fall of i sos, three years after organization, were 
 they enabled to declare a ten per cent dividend, which had hardly been placed to the credit of the stockholders 
 liufore a new factor in the struggle appeared in a competitor called the Willamette Steam Navigation Com])any, 
 whicli was incorporated in October, 1.S65, with the following ofllcers : I). W. liurnside, president ; A. I,. Kovejoy, 
 vice-i)resident ; J. T. Apperson, .secretary. The steamers . liiivc and .lltit were constructed, and they controlled 
 the lulto and one or two others, but, like their predecessors, soon sold out to the People's Transportation 
 Company, and all was quiet on the Willamette for a short time. The .L'crl was built at Oswego in 1865 by 
 l'ac{|iiet iS; Hrown, was launched December 8th, but did not make her trial trip until January 18, 1860. Her 
 olficers were : James Strang, captain ; Ivdward Fellows, engineer ; II. H. Johnson, purser ; Jerry Driscoll, mate. 
 She was intended for the Portland end of the Willamette Steam Navigation Company's Hue, and began running 
 to Oregon City as soon as completed. Ca|)t. !•!. W. Haugliman took command after the change of ownership and 
 ran her until 1868, when he was succeeded by Capt. Joseph Kellogg aiul Captain Pease. She continued on the 
 river until 1871, when she was condemned. Peter Ue Huff was engineer for a considerable length of time. The 
 .//(';/ was one hundred and thirty-six feet long, twenty-five feet beam, and five feet hold, with engines sixteen and 
 a half by sixty inches. The Adivf was built at Canemali and on completion was commanded by one of her owners, 
 Ca|it. John T. Apperson, but, with the transfer to the People's Transportation 
 Company the following year, she was put in charge of Capt. George Jerome, and a 
 few years later Capt. George Pease took the helm. The ./<//;■( was one hundred 
 and twenty-one feet long, twenty-three feet beam, and four feet .seven inches hold. 
 The steamer /uho was also built at Caneniah, and her enrollment shows that she 
 was owned by A. P. Aiikeny and John Gates. She was launched May 22(1 and 
 made her trial trip July 27th in command of Capt. Miles i'ell ' in the service of the 
 Willamette Steam Navigation Company. The /■'.<lio was ur<e hundred and twenty- 
 iwo feet long, with twenty-five feet beam and four feet hild. Captain Cochran 
 .•iiiccee<Ied Hell as master, and Pea.se and .Sebastian Miller also handled her for a while. 
 
 The People's Transportation Company further reinlorced their tleet with the 
 I'luniie /'alloii, which was the successor of the old Oiiwniii, and was launched at 
 Caneniah, August 25, 1865. Capt. George Jerome took charge of the steamer, and. 
 with the exception of a few years when she was commanded by Captains Pease and 
 J. I). Miller, renuiined with her until she finally wore out. She was of very light 
 draft, drawing only fifteen inches without a load, and did a very good business on 
 the upper river. In 1S74 she passed into the hands of the Oregon Steamship Company, in 1879 into the Oregon 
 Sleam Navigation Company's fleet, and in August, iH.Su, was stripped and converted into a barge. Her 
 (linieiisions were : length, one hundred and thirty-one feel ; beam, twenty-six feet six inches ; depth of hold, four 
 feet. The officers of the People's Tran.sportation Company elected at Salem in October were : A. A. MiCnlly, 
 |iresideiit ; T. McK. Patton, secretary ; George A. Pease, Jo.seph Kellogg, Iv N. Cooke and I,. V.. Pratt, diieelors. 
 A cluiiige was also made in 1865 in the directorate of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company. J. S. Ruckel 
 resigning as president and S. G. Reed taking his jjosition, with R. R. Thompson, vice-president; Theodoie Wygant. 
 secretary; W. S. Uadd and 1). F. Bradford, directors. The new CiticnJis. which had arrived from the Sound to 
 run as ,ui opposition steamer on the Cascade route, was added to the Oregon Steam Navigation Company s fleet, 
 and was put in corami.ssion in command of Capt. John Wolf making daily round trijis. occasionally giving place 
 
 Capt. Miles Bell, one of llie oldest Willamette River steamlioatnieii now living, hefjan sleanitioalinn in llie latlcr (larl ol the 
 mtit"-. Mini has followeil the fortunes of nearly every Iraiisporlalion company that ran from I'orthinil to the upper WillameltP, anil 
 
 ''"* ' nianded most of tlie steamers on tlial stream. He remained with the I'eople's Transportation Company and their 
 
 succoMirs, Ik-n HoUaday and the Oregon Railway S: Navigation Com])any, niitil tlie Oregon I'aeifie entered the field, when lie 
 served lor a few years on their steamers, and has since run occasionally on various other boats out of Portland. 
 
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 136 
 
 Lvwis <J Drydon'a Marine History of thv Pacific Northwust 
 
 to till; Wilson (i. Iftiiil or the New W'otU. On the upin-r river, W. D. HIki'Iow, who Imd tried eoinpetitioii witli 
 the steamer ( V7//ii tile preeediiin; year, organized The Dulles Si'hooner Navijjnlioii Coiiipiuiy. and, with Caiitain 
 Drew, operated the schooners A'li/iu/s, PincTiranif and Ml. IIihhI advertising freight at reduced rates to IJni.ililla, 
 Wallula, I'alouse ami I.evvistoii, with " passeiijjers carried at nf''' rates. " The Irallic by this lint was not Ik , ivy, 
 and the ster ners liiiiiio. Captain Coe, and Ou ylin-, Captain Felton, I'ounil plenty of work cai ryinn both Ireinlii and 
 passengers. The Coloni-I ll'iixlil. in command of Capt. Thomas Stump, whom .Ainsworth had liron^lil up IrDin 
 San Francisco, made an attempt to go u]) through Snake River Canyon, liul after steaming several days, and gillinj; 
 about .seventy miles farther inland than any steamer had yet penetrated, gave up the trial and returned to Lewiston 
 Ivarly in the year there was considerable rivalry on the Cowlitz and Astoria routes, and when the On^jon 
 Steam Navigation Company began to make it trojiical for Captain Olsen and his associates of the MonticclKi \ 
 Cowlitz Landing Steamboat Company, they retaliated by seiuliiig the new steamer /wwv/i to the Cascade luiui. 
 This small steamboat war was endeil in the usual manner by Captain Ainsworth buying the steamers, and lakiiit; 
 in the /('//« //. Coiuli, in which the same people were interested, at that time. The Coi/i/i was contituied on 
 the route to Astoria, with Van Hergeii, master, and Richard Hoyt, ')iur.ser, and \hu /iilld, which luul been runnitu; 
 in opposition, was hauled olT. Ileside the new steamers y;V//(i, .//(■/•/and .lilin-, launched on the Willamette, a 
 new propeller, the / '. .V. (Irani, was built at lirooklyn. a suburb of ICast Portland, for the lower river trade, in 
 iS(>5, by Clinton Kelly, " farmer," as the records attest, and was placed in command of Capt. J. W . Kerii. Slit 
 
 was advertised to make regular trii)s between Astoria and Haker's 
 Bay, and to tow vessels over the Columbia River bar in calm weather. 
 In 1H66 she was still in the jobbing business during most of the year, 
 but was chartered for a short time by Captain Ankeiiy to run to 
 Oregon City in connection with the AV/zc on the upper Willatiatte. 
 Captain Kern bought the steamer soon after her completion, and sold 
 her in the fall of i.SO; to go to the S 'id to run as an opposition buat 
 on the N'ictoria route; but the .scln e failed to materialize, and she 
 was purchased in March, i8d,S, by Capt. J. H. 1). Gray, who repaired 
 her and in May commenced to operate her between Astoria and Ilw;ico 
 as the pioneer in a trade which has since grown to large proportiims. 
 She continued on this route in coiiimand of Captains J. II. I>. ami \V. 
 P. Gray until December, 1871, when she was wrecked at Fort Caiihy 
 during a heavy gale (see wreck of L^. S. GranI, 1871). 
 
 The pioneer l'Mgli\ owned and operated in 1H65 by Capt. J Ii. 
 Tackaberry and Kngineer George Ham,'' was in the towing business iin 
 the Willamette and Columbia, and a number of other small steai.icrs 
 were jobbing on the two rivers, among them being the I .oval Elhia'rlh 
 and the W'ibfool No. 2. a small propeller run by Cajit. James Fisher. 
 A coinmodious steam ferry much larger than anything which had yet 
 appeared was placed on the Willamette River and bore the iiaiiie 
 Portland No. i. She was a .square l)uilt craft, one liuiidred ami onu 
 feet long by forty feet beam, and was built at Westport for Joseph 
 Knott, with Capt. S. S. Douglass," master. As originally planned, the 
 
 .jAi'T. Richard IUivt, Jh 
 
 'Capt. Ricliaril Hoyt, Jr., who was piirneron tlie Comh willi Van Herfjeii, is a son of the pioneer Ciiptaiii Hoyt, niidt-r wliose 
 tntorsliip he leariieil tlie an of sU'aiMl)oatiiiK on llie old Miiltiioniiih. lie was horn in .Mliany, X. V., in 1.S47, ami willi his parciils 
 cattle to Oregon when lint a eliilil. After luaviiiK the Miilliioniah he served as pnrser on the various Oregon .Sleatii Navi>;:ilinn 
 Company's lioats until 1H67, when lie was j<ranted a inasler's license anil eoininem-ed rnniiiiiK slvaim-rs on the .\sloria mute, 
 eoiitiiiuiiiK in this trade with the Ore«on Steam Navigation Conipatiy until 1S76, when he hegaii to i)ilMt ilvep-water vessels lieluiea 
 Portland and .-Vsloria. .\fler three years of this oocupaliou he relumed to the ooinpany and remaineil with them and lliiir 
 successors, the Oregon Railway ^i Navigation Cotupanv, until 1884, while in their employ having, at dilfcreiit tiims, cominaiiilcil 
 nearly all of tlivir passenger steamers. In 1.S84 he again engaged in piloting on the river, where he reinained until alioiit Wvv \i.\r\ 
 ago, when he entered the service of the Government in connection with river iniproveinents, his long service 011 the Willamette- ami 
 Colnniliia jieculiarly fitting him for this work. Ilis elTorts in this direction have lieeii valuahle to tlie Port of Portland CotniniMDii 
 in their ]>urpose to estahlish a Iweiityhve-foot channel to the sea. Captain Hoyt is still a resident of the Oregon metroiiolis ami is 
 without donht the youngest " pioneer " mariner on the river. 
 
 "George Ham, at iiresent of Ham, Nickntn S: Co., Portland, Or., was horn ill Illinois in iS^6 and liegau sleamhoating in ilip 
 Northwest as master of the littk iron propeller Juii;h\ with J. I). Tackaherry as engineer. He continued rnniiing on her until 
 1S69. when she was sold, and, in partnership with Tackaherry, hnilt the propeller H'c/i/oo/ and o]ierated her iu the towing liiisiiuss 
 for ahout ten years. In 1872, when the firm of Hani, Taylor I't Co. was formed and the steatuer l/i'ii llolliulay purchased, Captiiiii 
 Hani look coiiiniand and ran her until the machinery was removed ami the l\'ii.i//ii complete.l. He then managed the latter steamer 
 until she was hnrueil in .\ngnsl, 1890. The sleaitiers A'liillfr and h't/mtii were also constructed In I Iain, Tiiylor S: Co. 
 
 'Capt. .Samuel S. Diniglass is a native of New York and has lieen connected with marine husiness on the Colnmhi.i unl 
 Willamette rivers at intervals tor nearly forty years. With his father he was engaged for many years in the ferry service on the 
 Willanietle River. After retiring from this work he joined forces with Captain West at Westport and hnilt ilie well kin'im 
 steamer hearing the name of the town. Captain Douglass was in coniniatid of the steamer and ran her in the jolihiug and excai-inn 
 trade out of Portland for many years. Her eipiipment was novel in maiiv respects, and among other conveniences which her 
 master provideil was a system of levers and rods hy which the engines could lie handled from the pilot-house hy the man , it ilic 
 wheel. The last work of the steamer in the hands of Douglass was as a hunling-hoat running hetween Portland and the game ri-orls 
 of the lower Colunihia. .\ few years ago the Captain retired from the water to devote his time to the art of taxidermy, iu which lie 
 is an expert. His hrotlier John Douglass, who was with him on the ferries, and afterward 011 the U'lSipoit, is still engined 
 on the river as an engineer. 
 
Thf "tSrothir Jonnthiin" and Otlur Nol:ilili' Wrrcks, Stvnmbniting on Intoriar W:)ti'ra 
 
 i.U 
 
 lidal u I' piilli"'' ncoMd the riviT by n cnl>lc wouml nroinul a pair of his "<lruiiis" Ww lift in diaiiii'tiT. Iml lliis 
 afttru inl K"^'^" ^^'"V '" ^''''■' wlii'i'ls, lltT I'lijjiiics were ciKlit and oir' half l)y LM^Iiti'i'ti ini-lii"*, ami slic loiild 
 lrall^|'| ii sixteen teams nt one trip. Knott .sold the I'erry Oecenilier i.st to W. S. I, add, K. M. Hiirton. S. N. 
 
 Arri|;(>ni and Col. A, 1*. Dennison fur 5.VV(hh>. I'Ut it was afterward 
 re|nirelia.sed 1) the Knotts, and rnn by Cajitains Sam and John 
 ,'wi"'- Doutilass for several years. The steamship /*(/ A'c/A, a I'aeilie Coast 
 
 product, was added to Hen Ilolladay's line, and is s.iid to liave been 
 the first oeean steanishi|) of any prouiinenee l)uilt in San l''r;mciseo. 
 She ran north in coniiection with the Otffiou and other old steamers, 
 while the California Steam Navij-ation Company was operatin^{ the 
 steanishi))s Aiiixr, Cai)laiii Tliorn," the thialui, Captain Hums, and 
 the llrolhir JotHitlian, Captain De Wolf. The /'// .Wnt,- was launched 
 in San Krancisco in January, i,S'i,s. unci contained the en;;ines of the 
 old steamship Kipubtii. Her dimensions were : length, one hundred 
 and ninety feet ; beam, forty feet ; depth of hold, seventeen feet. She 
 ran on the Northern route in command of Captains Johnson, Faunt- 
 leroy and Winsor. and for a short time in hSdy was in the Coos May 
 trade. In October, iH6,S, rii iviili- from Xanaimo to \'ictoria. she 
 struck a reef and became a total loss (see wreck of Pel A'i»/i\ i.Sd.S). 
 The .Ic/i'zr ran for a few months in i.siis between N'ictorin and 
 Portland, connecting with the Orhaba, and on one of these trips was 
 seized by the Clovernnient for an alleged infraction of the law by 
 discharging freight on board the On'-n/ui in the stream. The steamer 
 and her master. Thorn, and Melville Ivrskiiie, first oflicer, were put 
 under bonds, but on making a proper e.xphinalioM were released. 
 The steamship ('/•/;((*« was built at New York in iH~,.\ and came to 
 
 CAIT. SAMI'IJ. S. IIOflll.AHH 
 
 the Pacific the following year, and made a few trips at this time on the 
 N'ortluin route, but afterward ran to Panama and China. After a long 
 [leriixl I rest at Ikiiicia, she was .sold in the spring of 1.S65 by the Pacific 
 A''\ '.. ipruiy to the California .Steam Navigation Company for $6u,ooo, 
 and with Captain De Wolf in charge made her first trip to Portland, 
 arriviiin May 12th. On her return to San Francisco, Captain Hums 
 siiccceiled De Wolf, who went to his death on the lirothei /onatliiin. In 
 isdfi the ()ri:iihi ran north at reduced rates, carrying i)assengers for Sio 
 ami >,?, and continued in this trade for several months, leaving it to go 
 ■^iiiilli Iriini San Francisco. In 1S77 she again went north, with Henry 
 Jolmsoii, captain, and Henry I.ampman,'' engineer, and in i.s.Si was running 
 to the Sound with Captain Alexandei in command and I.ampman still at 
 the throttle. She was becoming tender, though, and in 1.S87 was broken 
 up ill San Francisco. The Ihiutbti was two hundred and forty six feet 
 Ion;;, Ihirty-five feet beam, and eighteen feet hold. 
 
 .\ii important event at the mouth of the Columbia in i,S65 was the 
 arrival of the steam tug Rabboni, and, though she was far from a success 
 finaiK-ially, her work demonstrated that the time was coming when tugs 
 
 C.\i'r. Cll \Ki i:h 'I'HOKN 
 
 Capt Cliarlt's Tliorii was born ill ("iluii Cuvu, N. V., in iSib, and liad lii.s lirst marine expcni'iu'e mi I.oiin Isl.iiul Sociiiil. .\t 
 llie .ii;t' lit' t'i^lueen he was master of Ihc slooji /</■/ (if New Kot'lielle ami ran lier fur three yuars, wlicii lie lifi-aiiif the owikt of 
 .1 VLs«.| While slill a youii); man lit' liHUKlit a schooner, wliicli he operali'il in tlie Cnha fruit Irailf. In iS.)i| lie was Dlfereil the 
 I'omin.iiiil lit the /(';«. /. /V<;«' anil went to Panama to join her. lie remained there ei^ht months umler cmitract. ami as the 
 >teaiiiiriliil not appear lie shipped for San I'rancisco as mate on the hark I'liilina and on arrival eiiKaK^d in steanilioalinn on the 
 SaciaimMilo Kiver. He next made a trip south in a sailing vessel, eaiiie hack from ranama as lirst ollicer on the steamship Ciiiixi/ 
 U'tiiii'i. and then inirchased the steamer /^v/wv Li/ttf and operated her with the (it'fit'fti/ li''t-/>i-r in opposition to the Calilornia .Steam 
 Navin^liiiii Company nntil they houKhi him out. He afterward ran another steamer in eoinpelition with thciii. hnt finallv 
 coiiipriiiiiised and entered their employ, where he remained ei^;liteeii years. With the steamer .Utivt' he hamlled the first mall 
 coiilr. lit (111 the Victoria route, until the advent of the Ilrilisli steamer /,iiAi)«(/;('(v. and received a line siihsidy. .After leaving the 
 L'alifiiniia Steam Navigation Com|)any he was in Ilolladay's service and coiitiiiued on the Northern routes with the Pacific .Mail 
 Coiiip.iiiy and Coodall, .Nelson S: Co., Ilolladay's successors, running at ditTerenl times the I'aiijic, Oii/iaimiif, Mitiiliina, Iilalio, and 
 other steamers. Captain Thorn retired from active life on t)ie water several years a^o. 
 
 'Henry I,aiii]>nian was lioru in New York in 1829, served his apprenticeship as an eiij-ineer in New \drk City, and left in 
 lS5o\viili hfty other young men hound for California on the ^fomaiiii'. On arriviu); at Sacramento the hark was sold, and all hands 
 went tn the luiues, I,ampnian returned in a few months ami joined the old sidewlieel steampship Iiuti'pi'iuh'utt' as oiler, reniainin^ 
 with Ik r until she was lo.sl on her second trip, when he, with several others of the survivors who had reaclieil Marguerite Island, was 
 brouj;lil hack to San I'rancisco liy a whaler. His next venture was with the Harrison line, where he ran as third assistant on the 
 steaiiisliii) ('title Sam on the Nicaragua route during the (ilihusterin^ jieriod. He was ne.xt second assistant and chief on the 
 steaniiTs ( 'oiif: and Shna .Vi-icii/a for ahout six years and then for four years on the steatnsliip A'/ A'lii /<•. He also ran North on 
 i\\^Oyifhinitnt' for two seasons. He suhseipiently returned to the sontliern trade, where he served aschief of the (h iziihti for fourteen 
 years, K'ii'K back to the northern routes ajjaiu on the steamship Stale of Cali/ornia on which he remained a few monlhs, then 
 acceiiliiiK a position on the steamship Qinin of the I'aeifie, in eouiniission on the same waters, which he held for nearly eight years, 
 and w.ts suhsequenlly transferred to the Santa KosOt where lie still i)lies his vocation. 
 
138 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 \ .■ 
 
 SiKAMBilll' "OKI/.AIIA' 
 
 would become a necessity at the mouth of the river. She was launched in San Francisco, April cjth, and arrived 
 !.\ Portland, July 29th, in command of her principal owner, Capt. Paul Corno, calling at Coos Bay on the way up 
 and securing a three months' supply of coal and eighteen thousand feet of lumber. Her first low, the schooner 
 
 .Mfred Crosby, which had sailed over 
 the bar en route from \Mctoria and 
 lad dropped anchor well inside, was 
 captured August 3d. A week later 
 the tug brought in the bark Almatia, 
 the first vessel taken into the river by 
 a regular tugboat. The Rabboui was 
 a good tug for her day, and a great 
 effort was made to keep her on tlie 
 Columbia. With this object in view 
 Pilot Commissioners Taylor and 
 Ketchum revoked the licen.ses of all 
 pilots except those on the tug. and, in 
 accordance with an Act of the Legisla- 
 ture, allowed them half pilotage for 
 speaking the ocean steamers. The 
 pilots who had been braving the 
 dangers of the bar for so many years 
 before her arrival, and now saw their livelihood in jeopardy, did not propose to give up without a struggle, and 
 Captains Cro.sby, Metzf;er and Farnsworth immediatetely secured Washington licenses from Commissioners 
 Easterbrook and Riddell at Oysterville and continued with the .schooner California. Corno had with him as 
 pilots Mases Rogers and Andrew Belmont, but they could not induce the vessels to employ them except at rare 
 inttrvals, as the old pilots still traveled back and forth on tue San Francisco steamships, and had an excellent 
 opportunity for presenting their side of the case to the shipmasters before nearing the bar. The steamships did 
 not need the services of a tugboat, or of a tugboat pilot, and the .sailing vessels were commanded by men who 
 were prejudiced against steam in any kind of a craft lliat floated, and the Rabboni had a strong combination to 
 conquer. In February the Washington Territory Commissioners also came to her rescue, and revoked the 
 licenses issued the year before, except when u.sed in connection with the tug. The 
 pilots fought tlii.i order .so stubbornly, and there was so little prospect of a change in 
 the feeling against her, that she steamed back to San FrancLsco early in i,S66. The 
 Astoria Marine Journal, under date of March ^6, 1866, says: "The A'aAAo../ departed 
 from this port on Saturday for San Francisco after an effort of five or six months' 
 duration to establish the tug on the Columbia bar as a permanent aid to the commercial 
 interests of Oregon and California. Her owners have given it up and will take tlie 
 vessel where there is more demand for her than there is here, and shortly all things 
 commercial will run smoothly again." The 
 Rabboni was one hundred feet long, twenty-three 
 fc"l beam, and ni:ie feet depth of hold, v.'ith a 
 high-pressure engine twenty-eight by twenty-four 
 inches, turning a propeller eight feet six inches 
 diameter and sixteen feet pitch. Capt. Leonard 
 White, who made hini.self famous in marine 
 annals as commander of the first steamer which 
 '.■e The Dalles, again >iistinguished himself in iSds 
 by building and ruiMiing a steamboat several hundred miles above the 11 ith 
 of the river, and farther inland than any steamer had yet ventured. She 
 was constructed on the upper Columbia at Little Dalles near the forty-ninth 
 parallel, and in accordance therewith was christened I'orty-ninc. Captain 
 While had been inial)le to agree with Captain Ainsworth as to the amount 
 of salary which should be paid a good swift-water steamboatman, and 
 inaugurated hi: uw enterprise, hoping tc enjoy a repetition of the fortune- 
 making period of steam navigation on the Columbia above The Dalles. 
 That his dreams were not realized can be well understood when it is known 
 that the Forl\-ni..i had no successor for nearly twenty yeai.:, 'And, while she 
 made a little moi ey at the start, could have done fully as well on a route 
 nearei civilization. The J'orty-ninc was launched November 18, 1865, and left Colville Landing on her trial trip 
 December gth. There was no dry wood at this season of the year, so she gathered it up as she went along, ."ihe 
 made eight miles the first day and went up the rapids on the tenth, spending the night a short distance belo\\ the 
 
 Hknkv i.amcman 
 
 ran on the Coiuinbia 
 
 CAl'T, .\, 1", I'iNtJSTIIN 
 
The "Brother Jonathan" and Other Notable Wrecks, Steamboating on Interior Waters 
 
 139 
 
 Capt. William R. Clakk 
 
 forty ninth parallel. On the eleventh she ran to Fort vShepherd, a Hudson's Bay post of twenty houses, on the 
 
 Coluiul'ia, a mile above the international boundary line. vShe worked over Little Rock Island Rapids on the 
 
 twelfi';. and five miles above passed another riffle, using a line at both places, reaching the mouth of the Kootenai. 
 
 Oil tlK morning of the thirteenth she again pulled up a riffle near the head of Little 
 
 Arniw Lake, where .she met ice and was compelled to put the miners and provisions »,»s-».- ■ . - ■ 
 
 constituting her load ashore in 50° 30' north, and then returned to Colville. The 
 
 following year she commenced to run on April 15th, and made several trips that 
 
 season, going up a distance of one hundred and seventy-five miles. She continued 
 
 in this service at irregular intervals for a long time, and was unfortunate enough 
 
 to sink in 1869 about two hundred miles above Little Dalles. She was raised and 
 
 continued running until well into the .seventies, but was finally dismantled and the 
 
 machinery sent down the river. Her power consisted of the engines of the old 
 
 /fiinie Clark. Captain White operated the steamer during the greater part of her 
 
 existence, but Captain Pingston was in charge during the last days of her career. 
 .Several important additions were made to the \'ictoria steam fleet, among 
 
 the most notable being the .steamer Sir James Douglas, which was launched at 
 
 Victoria, January 7, 1865, for the Government service along the coast of Vancouver 
 
 Island. Hor over a quarter of a century she plodded along the Northwest coast 
 
 with very little company in flie 
 I steamship line. In the absence of the steamers of the merchant 
 • fleet which came later, the Douglas was pressed into .service for all 
 kinds of work, carrying .settlers into the new portions of the 
 country and .sometimes transporting their products to market. 
 When a wreck occurred on the coast, the Douglas was nearly 
 always dispatched to bring the survivors back to civilization, and 
 in this and other ways she came to be regarded with a feeling akin 
 to veneration. Captain Clark'" ran her most of the time until 
 '^73. with William A, Steele," engineer, and Edward Quenell,'" 
 purser. She was laid up at this time, remaining out of service 
 until 1875 when she again came out after extensive repairs, and 
 was subsequently commanded by Captains Morrison, Pamphlet" 
 and Devereaux. She was used in the I'uget Souini postal stivice 
 for a shct time in 1878, while the mail c^jntractor, Moore, was 
 financially embarrassed, and remained there until the Starrs placed 
 the Isabel on the route. In 1833 the Douglas was lengthened 
 twenty feet, and on taking the water again ran in the Government 
 
 '"Capt. 'v'illiatn R. Clark, wlio was coiniuaniler of tlic .SV; James 
 Douglas, was born in Portsnioiitli, KuKlaiiil, in i8;,4, and ran away from 
 home lo follow the sea al the early age of ten years. He was in the service 
 of the Ciovernmenl during the Crimean War and eonlinued in the navy for 
 some lime aftei its close, coming to Victoria in 18(10 as gnnner on hoard tlie 
 historic gunboat /•or'tuirtl. At that port he was discharged with high testi- 
 monials and e.xpressions of regret from the British officials. He was in 
 
 charge of the Sir Jaiiii'S Douglas until iS6'/, when he retired to engage in mercantile 
 
 pursuits, and was afterward appointed liarlior master, port warden and s'lrveyor for 
 
 Lloyds, and to other positions of trust. He died in Victoria in the sunmier of 1894. 
 
 "William A. .Steele was for thirty years one of the most prominent uiaiine 
 
 engineers in Hrilish Columbia. He was born near Dundee, Scotland, in lX,1", and 
 
 came to Victoria in 1862. I'ntil iSS? he was employed in the capacity of chief 
 
 engineer at different times on nearly all of the best known vessels, among them the 
 
 lleavt-i\ Oltrr, Grappler, California, Western Slope, Sir James Douglas, Enterprise 
 
 ami .Miiiiite. About this time he took charge of the Government <lredge employed in 
 
 Victoria harbor and on the Fraser, and remained there as superintemlent until his 
 
 death in .Septend)er, 1893. 
 
 '* Kdward (Juenell of Nanaimo, who was running on the Sir James Jhmglas as 
 
 malf and purser with Captain Clark, was born in Snssex, Kngland, in 1846, and was 
 
 lirst (in the water in the Uritish flagship I'ietory. After speiuling four years in the 
 
 navy lie resigned and came to the Northwest, arriving at Nanaimo in 1864 on the 
 
 schdiiner .///lAi/. In 1867 he joined the .Sir James Dougla.<:, where he remained for 
 
 .seven years, leaving to engage iii business on shore, in which he has been very 
 
 sitc.i sful. He was for a long lime harbor master ami port warrlen, and for nine years 
 
 lu'M ilic positinn of pilot commissioner. In addition to his duties in connection with 
 
 die ■iiiiiine service, he also acted as alderman for four years, and held various other 
 
 olliich in the city, beside taking a leading part in all new enterprises. In January, 
 
 iSi)4. hi' was appointed Mayor of Nanaimo. 
 
 'Capt; Thomas Pamjihlet, the oldest master mariner in the Victoria district, 
 
 was linru in h;ssex, Knglaml, in 18,^5, and began his sea-going careei in 1849 as an 
 
 appi' iitice on the brig /iaion. .Alter following this vocation in various parts of the world, he arrived at Victoria in 1.S56 and 
 
 coninicnced running the schooner Ino, trading along the coast, lie continued in this business for a number of years, and in i,S66 
 
 wa.s i'liced in command of the steamer /saoel, which he ran until 1S68, and was then appointed pilot for the Victoria district. 
 
 Siiki ih.1t time Captain raniphlel has had comiuaud of several of the steamers running on British Columbia waters. He retired 
 
 sevend years ago and is still living in Victoria. 
 
 KinVAKI) QrKNKLI. 
 
 William A. Siiklk 
 
 iO 
 
 I y^i^ 
 
 
 i 
 
 ;, : I I 
 
 ' i 
 
 i! 
 
 h 
 
r4o 
 
 Lewis (f Dryden'': Marine History of the Pacific Nortiiwest 
 
 ■i I 
 
 CAI'T. TiIOMAB rAMI'lll.KT 
 
 employ in charge of Captain Devereaux until 1887, when Captain Gardiner took her. In 1888 she was handled 
 by Captain Glaholme, and the following year Captain Gaudin" assumed control and remained with her until the 
 arrival of the Quadra, which replaced her. The Sir James Douglas was a I'ropt'ler, one hundred and sixteen feet 
 long by nineteen feet beam, and has performed her full share of the work of developing the Northwest. The 
 steamer Onward was launched at Trahey's shipyard, June 26, 1865, for Capt. William Irving. She was a 
 sternwheeler, con.structed throughout with Burrard's Inlet timber, and was the finest steamer yet built in tlie 
 province. She was fitted with twenty-one staterooms and boasted all of the latest 
 improvements. Her dimensions were : length, one hundred and twenty feet ; 
 beam, twenty-four feet ; depth, four feet six inches ; engines, fourteen by fifty-four 
 inches. The initial trip was made in August, and for many years she was one of 
 the best known boats on the waters of the province, and was the first command of 
 Commodore John Irving of the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company, although 
 he had previously assisted his father on other steamers. Tlie Onuard met with a 
 spirited opposition from the Lilloet .soon after going into service, and in November, 
 1865, the fare was down to fifty cents between Vale and New Westminster. The 
 steamer Hope, which was built by Captain Millard, was .sold by the sheriff to E. T. 
 Dodge & Co. The time-honored Heaver was in the hands of the Government in 
 1865, under charter in their surveying operations. Nearly all of the steamers of 
 the preceding year were running, and some of the newcomers on the Sound 
 made frequent trips to British Columbia waters. In June the big sternwheeler 
 Alexandria collided with the steamer Fidelater and sank the latter vessel off Clover 
 Point, bringing on a big damage suit to add to the already numerous financial 
 difficulties of the ill-starred Alexandria. A regular pilotage service was established at Victoria this year, and 
 branch licenses were issued to Captains Gardiner, Pike and Titcomb. One of the first prizes falling into their 
 hands was the Russian steamer Alexander II., which came down from Sitka in command of Captain Lanashijlsky 
 and was piloted into the harbor by Captain Titcomb. The steamship Alexander II. was originally American, 
 built in New Vork in 1855. She rounded the Horn the following year, bearing the name Astoria, but on being 
 turned over to the authorities at Sitka was renamed in honor of the ruler of all the Russias. She was a stanch, 
 
 fast steamer, and while in the Russian 
 service carried a crew of twenty men 
 and mounted six guns. Her visits 
 to the United States were few, luu 
 she always made at least one trip a 
 year to San Francisco with a cargo 
 of .salmon. At .Seabeck, on Puget 
 Sound, the .steamer Col/ax, a tow- 
 boat, was launched and was about 
 the only addition to the steam fleet 
 on the inland sea in 1865. She was 
 a sidewheeler. with machinery from 
 the old steamer ( aledonia. owned by 
 the Washington Mill Company, and 
 was registered at Port Angeles. 
 December i5tli, with Marshall Hlimi, 
 master, although Capt. John T, 
 Connick took command of her soon 
 afterward and ran her lor several 
 years. The dimensions of the Coi'/ii.\ 
 were: length, one hundred and 
 twenty-one feel ; beam, eighteen iVct 
 .seven inches ; ilepth of hold, six leet 
 eight inches. 
 
 Considerable uneasiness was felt in marine circles throughout the spring and summer of 1S65 owing to tlie 
 expected appearance of the Confederate privateer Shenandoah, which was cruising in the North Pacific, spreading 
 devastation in her wake. The steamships plying between San Francisco and Northern ports would have made 
 valuable prizes, and had there been a prospect of a longer continuation of the war, Waddell, the piratical 
 
 "Capl. James Gaudin was l)orn on the Isle of Jersey in iH^g and served liis apprenticeship on luiKlisli merclianlnicn. Hi- 
 worked on vessels in the Kast India ami Anstralian Ir.-ule most of the time until 1.S65, when he liej;aii rnnninn lietweeii I.oniloii :M 
 Victoria, and continueil on that route until iSHi, when he settled in Hritish Colnmbia. In 1883 he euKaKeil m pllollll^!, continniiii; m 
 tliat business until 188S, when he took couimaud of the ,V(y fames Douglas in the lighthouse .service. In 1892, when the J'oiig Ji 
 was succeeded by the (Juadia, he assumed charge and van lier until September 9th, at wh.cli Inne he was appointed aKciU ul 
 marine at the Victoria Custom-house. 
 
 Steamer "Sir James Di>r(;i,A^ 
 
The "Brother Jonathan" and Other Notable Wrecks, Steamboat ing on Interior Waters 
 
 141 
 
 Cai't. John T. Connick 
 
 comi' under of this famous craft, would no doubt have proved the fearj of the marine men well founded. As it 
 was. lie .satisfied him.self with destroying over a million dollars' worth of whalers and merchant ve.ssels. The 
 Shciiiiiiihiali was a clipper-ship-rigged propeller of 1,160 tons register, and sailed from I.,ondon in October, 1864, 
 ftvin.u the Hritish flag under the name Sea k'itig, a few months later unfurling the rebel colors and .sailing as a 
 fuU-lkili^ed privateer, with the following officers : Waddell, commander ; VV. C. Whittle, John Griraball. S. S. 
 Lee, K. T. Chew, D. M. Scales, first lieutenants; J. S. Bullock, second lieutenant ; 
 Mat O'Brien, master; C. li. Lining, chief engineer; John Hutchin.son, first 
 assistant ; C. E. Hunt, second assistant ; J. T. Miner, Lodge Calton and George 
 Haruiiod, mates ; and a crew of seventy-five men, all but seventeen of whom were 
 taken from the first vessels seized. The engines were 240 horse-power, and the 
 arinanicnt consisted of eight rifled Whitworth guns. Soon after the true character 
 of the S /it'll an dot! /i became known, she appeared in Australian waters and secured 
 coal enough for a long voyage, and from there word was sent to San Francisco 
 warning vessels in the Xorth Pacific to be on the lookout, as it was suspected that 
 this ([iiarter, at that time the harvest field of a large whaling fleet, would claim 
 her attention. It was also feared that the Panama steamers, then carrying large 
 amounts of treasure, might he looted and destroyed by the bold marauder. 
 The first intimation of the Shenandoah' s advent in Northern seas was in the early 
 part of the summer, when the whaler Milo reached San Francisco with one 
 liinulred and ninety men from vessels burned by the commander of the 
 Slictiaiidoah, who seemed to have no particular desire to profit by his prizes, but 
 was apparently imbued with a fiendi.sh purpose to destroy everything that fell into 
 Ills hands. In a few weeks he captured and burned the following vessels : the 
 New Bedford wlialers Abigal, William Thoinfison. Euplirates, Gypsy, Xiinrod, Conffress 2d. Martha 2d, Ifiltnian, 
 Waveily, Favorite,-'- Xassan, Hector, habe/ta and Martha 1st : New London whalers (ienerat Williams, Catherine, 
 /Vr7/7 and Jeremiah S?i'i/'t ,- the ship //anest o{ Honolulu, the Sii.'san .lbii;al, .Sophia Thornton, fsaae I/ouland, 
 Kil..ord Caiev. William C. .Vye a.w.\ Coviiii^ ton oi Saw Francisco. T\vi James .l/nrrav, deneral Pihe and Milo of 
 San Francisco and the A7/r of Honolulu were bonded and relea.sed for the purpose of takin;; the hundreds of men 
 coinprising the crews of the burned vessels to some port from which they could reach their homes. The 
 unfortunate sailors were crowded aboard the small vessels like .sheep and sent adrift scantily provisioned. Waddell 
 coolly informed one band of hapless mortals that if they ran out of other provisions they could eat one aiuither. 
 Tile .S'lisdii .Ibiiial, one of the last captured, was not taken until after the war had closed, and her master carried 
 papers attesting the declaration of peace, but the hold buccaneer coolly informed him that he did not propose to 
 
 be fooled by any such Yankee trick.s, and would have to 
 receive his information from a British ve.s.sel before he would 
 believe it, and, suiting his action to his words, proceeded at 
 once to make a bonfire, with the well known old Columbia 
 River and Puget i^ound trader as a centerpiece Soon after 
 the destruction of the Susan .-Ibi^al. Waddell fell in with the 
 British bark //arraeonta and was convince<l that the war had 
 ended. His weakness for marine conflagrations was pretty 
 well satisfied, and the unexpected termination of the struggle 
 between the North and the South left him in a position 
 where, if caught, he was in a fair way to grace the end of a 
 yardarm on his own vessel ; so as quickly as jiossihle he 
 sailed for Ivuropean waters and ran into the harbor of 
 Lisbon, where he paid off his crew and disappeared. The 
 .Shenandoah was handed over to the American consul in 
 in charge, and she was taken to New York. Thirty-six 
 
 :al)in furniture and 
 There was intense excitement 
 
 Cu.MI.IUCKAli; l'Kl\.VTKHR ' 
 
 Xowinlier, who placed a man named Freeman 
 
 dironoMieters were found on the vessel when she was surrendered, lieside a large amount of 
 otlu r fittings which the pirate had l)een able to carry away easily from his prizes, 
 all along the coast when the report of the Shenandoah's outrages was made public, although it was .several weeks 
 before a war vessel could be .secured to .send in pursuit of the iVeebooter. The United States steamships Sii:eannce 
 
 , but before thev read 
 
 illy 
 
 spat 
 
 epic 
 
 iirii 
 
 I- 
 
 !!■:,.! 
 
 ifi'- 
 
 t ! 
 
 I r 
 
 on hi.-, wav to the other side of the world. 
 
 .\s llif .Sheiioiiiloiih came aliiiinside tlie /■'iiioiite. Captain VoiiiiK, wliii was in ociiiiiiianil. Iiaiikil mil liis liotiili (jiiii, and 
 arriK-ti Iiis tniMi with niuskt-ls. Wlien ordertMl to liaiil down the tla^, llif nidepfndt'nl skipptT said. " Maid it down yourself, damn 
 villi. 'A Mm iliiiik il will lie i.;niid liir ycuir roiistilntidii." Waddell was suniewlial taken aliaek by llie old man's liravevy, lint retorteil, 
 " Il '."M don'l haul il diiwii we'll Iihnv \ nii clear out ol'llio water." " llhiw away my Imck," shoiiled Captain Vnnnp, '* blow and he 
 'IimiiimI, bill may I lie eternally blasleil if I lianl down that lla>,' fiir any '.-iissed Coiifederale jiirate llial ever llcialeil." Waddell 
 iiiliiiiuil liis pliiek, and the .Sheiiaiidoah diil not lire a .sliol, hut tile wh.iler was ipiietly added to her other prizes in spile of the 
 spinil,y Captain's renionslranccs. 
 
142 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Nortiiwest 
 
 I 
 
 ' \ 
 
 The Puget Sound lumber mills increased their output wonderfully in 1864 and 1865, and the daily capacity 
 of the principal establishments was as follows: Pope & Talbot, Port Gamble, 100,000 feet; G. A. Meiggs, Port 
 Madison, 80,000; A. Phinney, Port Ludlow, 60,000; Adams, Blinn & Co., Seabeck, 50,000; Plummer & Co., Freeport, 
 50,000 ; Mastick & Co., Port Disicovery, 40,000 ; Renton, Smith & Co., Port Blakely, 30,000 ; Port Orchard Mill| 
 20,000 ; Utsalady and Port Orford, 15,000 each. There were also five smaller mills which cut principally for the 
 local trade. Much of this lumber was sent to distant ports in good-si/ed vessels, but the coasting trade furnished 
 business to a large fleet. The bark George Washington, Captain Lennen,"and the ship Hunlsviile, Captain 
 Hinds,'" carried many passengers between San Francisco and the Sound, making a specialty of this work in 
 connection with their lumber traffic. The Nanaimo coal trade grew steadily, and in 1865 the ship Aqiiila, Captain 
 Sayward, sailed for San Francisco with one thousand eight hundred tons, the largest cargo yet shipped from the 
 Northwest. Other vessels so engaged were the barks Knight Bruce, Maria Scannel, Auslralind, Pcrle, Carlotta, 
 Joachim, Clara Bell, Florida, shi^s John Jay, Revere, Isaac Jeans, A. M. Lawrence, Dublin, Portlaw and Lottie 
 Maria, and the brig Advance, some of them making but one, and others only two or three trips. The ship Gcorgts 
 arrived at Victoria from Hongkong with six hundred Chinamen, and the Mary Glover brought a few from the 
 same port. The ships Philomela, Countess oj Fife, Portlaw, General Wyndham and Glcnamara, and the bark Arji 
 Adamson, discharged cargo at Victoria from London. Other vessels of the foreign fleet which entered, and 
 afterward went to the Sound to load lumber, were the barks Pcrle, Domingo, Aden, Delaware, Kentucky, Fray 
 
 Benitos, Emily Banning Cecilia Smith and Mass, and the l)rig.s 
 IVoodland. Josephine and Brewster. The Russian brig Shclekoff, 
 Captain Archimendritoff came f.om Sitka with a cargo of furs 
 for reshipment, and the Chilean schooner Dare from Tahiti with 
 fruit. The schooner Milton Badger arrived from New York with 
 wire and supplies for the Russian-American telegraph line, and 
 the schooner Ta Lee came from Liverpool. The steel -schooner 
 Domatilla, a recent arrival, was placed in the trade between X'ictoria 
 and China. The schooner Alfred Crosby was making regular trip.s 
 between the Columbia River, Victoria and Sound ports, on one of 
 winch she ran from the Columbia River bar to Cape Flattery in 
 twelve hours. In June, 1865, the schooner Gazelle, Captain 
 Gollacer, visited the fishing grounds off Queen Charlotte's Island 
 and .secured six tons of codfish and twenty barrels of oolachaii, tlie 
 largest cargo which had yet been secured from this new field. The 
 old-time coasters Almatia, Jane .1. I'alkenberg, Sam Merrill, Li:r 
 Yankee. Sunny South, and many others, were still .sailing up and 
 down the coast, the Falkenberg taking a few cargoes to San Francisco 
 from the mill on Young's River near .\storia. The Sunny South 
 sailed from Astoria to San Francisco in three days on one of her 
 spring voyages. Southern Oregon provided a handsome addition to 
 the coast fleet, the schooner Pacific, built this year on the Uinpqua 
 Capt. J. E. i.KSNEN for Capt. J. VV. Gage'" and Wright, Acker.son & Hanson of San 
 
 '■'Capt. J. E. Lennen was born at Parker's Head, Me., in 1840, removed to Batli in 1S48 and alteudeil school tliere until i.'<,i4. 
 when he began his marine career before the mast. He continued sailing in deep-water ships, making voyages to ;ill parts of tiie 
 globe until 1S63, when he arrived in San Francisco and shipped as mate of the brig lieaion, which Dr. Samuel Merrill had built for 
 the Puget Sound lumber trade. Capt- Tim Batchelder was nuister, but in 1864 went Kast to bring the bark Oaklamt to the I'm ific 
 Coast, and Lennen was given command of the Deacon, made two voyages in her anil then went to the bark (ieori^e U'iis/ii>ix!i'>i. 
 which he sailed in 1865 between San Francisco and Freeport, now West Seattle, carrying many prominent .Seattle jieople tci the 
 State as passengers in that year- In 1866 he took charge of the brig Orient of San Francisco and visited New Zealand and -Vusir ilia, 
 returning to Puget Sound to run the lug Meniinac. owned by Simpson of San Francisco- When the lug was charlered l)y Woods 
 of the Port Discovery Mill Company, I.enneu left her and joined the firm of Parrott S: Co., .San Francisco, sailing for them to Cosla 
 Rica in the coffee trade- In 1S7.1 he was on the William Sutton for Alaska, and SHbse(|uently sailed several vessels for the .\l,iska 
 Commercial Company in the l^iir trade until 1879. While in this employ he won the great ocean race from San Francisi n to 
 I'nalaska, on the result of which over |i5,ooo changed hands, as the schooner General Miller was a two to one favorite, allliniij!li 
 Lennen's schooner lludora won easily, beating the Miller six days on the trip up and four coming down- In i.SSo Captain I.iinien 
 took charge of the steamer Ino for H- Lebe and ran her on a trading voyage to Alaska. He CDnlinued in the co.isting, -Souml mil 
 .Alask.i tratlic from that date. In 1887 he went as pilot on the United States steamer 7'lielis, which look I'.overnor .Swineford I" llic 
 western part of Alaska. In 1,891 he opened the mail route between Sitka and Unalaska with the steamer yT/iiV, ami in i,S9-.' was 
 pilot on the I'nited Stales fleet in Bering .Sea, on the .llbalross, Yorktou'n, Rush and Corwin, being with the latter when she st-i/eil 
 the Coqiiillam in Prince William .Sound. He has since been on Ihe Attain.': and other vessels in far northern waters, and early in 
 1895 began running as pilot on the Alaska steamer IVillafia. 
 
 "Capt. John F. Hinds w.is bom in Livermore, Me., in 1S25. He was before the mast at the age of fourteen, but worked hi- 
 up and for twelve years was master of whaling vessels in the .\rctic and Pacific oceans. In 1S64 he w.-is in command of thi' 
 //iinlsiille in the lumber trade between San Francisco and Port Blakely. and continued in that traffic from Pnget Sound pm 
 San Francisco on the bark .Scotland and ship Caroline Heed for nearly a decade. He then took the bark /)elaware, running i' 
 lumber and sugar business to the Sandwich Islands for four years, after which he was in charge of the ship li'arhawk for three > 
 leaving her to take the bark Refeie, carrying lumber to Honolulu for eight years. He was afterw.iril captain of the stt 
 Evangel for about six months, after which he retired from the water and is at present living at Port Townsend. 
 
 " Capt. John W. (iatje was born in Maine in 1834, and first sailed on the Atlantic Coast in 1849011 tlie topsail sell' 
 Pensacola. W the age of eighteen he was filling a mate's bertli, and in that capacity continued on Kasiern waters until 1,855, i 
 he came to San Francisco as third mate on the clipper Matchless, leaving her there and subseipieutly joiuiug the steamship (>i 
 as ciuartermaster. lie left to go as mate on the brig Snsaii .Ihigal and served on her and on the brig Ouadily llelle, the sclim 
 
 way 
 
 -liip 
 
 t.;to 
 
 the 
 
 uier 
 lieu 
 
The "Brother Jonathan" and Other /Rotable Wrecks, Steamboating on Interior Waters 
 
 143 
 
 Francisco. The Pacific was one hundred and six feet long, with thirty feet beam, and registered one hundred 
 and forty-eight tons. Another fine schooner, the Isabel, was also constructed at Coos Bay by Captain Howlett, 
 and at 'I'illaniook the schooners I.eah ar.d/. C. Champion were completed for the Portland trade, the latter running 
 
 to the Columbia in command of William Bochau, who subsequently 
 piloted on the bar. A numljer of small .schooners engaged in trad- 
 ing north from Victoria, aiTording the few settlers on Vancouver 
 and Queen Charlotte's Island means of communication with the 
 outside world, rescuing as well many a shipwrecked crew which had 
 j||I^J9|||^ been cast away on those inhospitable shores. The best known of 
 
 »" ^>i these vessels were the Surprise. Captain McKinnon ;'" the Alert, 
 
 F ^ ^ Captain Spring;'" and the /.eoiiaiic, Captain Hicks. "' 
 
 P ^"^ ^1 The Columbia River bar was the scene of a terrible wreck early 
 
 siB^i tfi'T'''l '" '^''^' ^''^" '^^ ^^"^ Industry was pounded to pieces by the 
 
 ^■te ^IftiP*^ breakers, causing the loss of nearly a score of lives. This vessel, a 
 
 Jf^lg^ ^^ well known coaster, sailed from San Francisco, February 23d, and on 
 
 ^^^^ \ t|^ ^ ^^^^^^ the twenty-fifth encountered a heavy gale, which stove in the water 
 
 ^^^^^^K^^^^^^^^^^^hf casks and washed away a portion of the stores. She reached the 
 
 ^t^^^^^P^^^^^^^Kf^ mouth of the Columbia River after a two weeks' struggle with bad 
 
 '^^j^H^^^^HHJIP^^ weather, and while standing off and on waiting for a pilot spoke the 
 
 v,"^^^^ Falkenberg and secured a few necessities. Alfter remaining outside 
 
 ■^ for several days, during which no assistance appeared, the water gave 
 
 out and the captain determined to run in, and on March i^tli stood up 
 for the .south channel. While the ve.s.sel 
 was on the bar the pilot-boat ran down 
 and rai.sed a flag, which led the captain 
 c*,.T. JOHN w. <-.a,;k. ^f j,j^ /„,/„,/,.,, to head for the north 
 
 entrance, expecting that they would send a man aboard. As none came he 
 concluded that they expected him to follow the schooner in, and in attempting to 
 do so the bark missed stays, and, as the wind had failed, was obliged to anchor to 
 keep from going on the sands. A breeze sprang up within a few minutes, and the 
 bark again got under way, but in heading for the course again mis-stayed ; and, 
 altliouHh both anchors were let go, she drifted into .shallow water, striking heavily 
 stern first and unshipping her rudder. One of the cables had been slipped, and an 
 effort was made to work her over into the middle channel ; but, when she reached a 
 point fifty or one hundred yards from there, she struck heavily and began making 
 water rapidly. A piece of the false keel floated up along.side, proving that she had 
 received fatal injuries, and all hopes of saving her were abandoned. The large boat CAn. rc.hhrt iucks 
 
 i'i! 
 
 /, A". \Vhiliuf:,J. M. Kyersini, ami other well known coasters, until 1S5S, when he took ooininand of the hrij; Fiaticisio, thei'. of the 
 Su^iiii Ahiffal, hark /•atniv Major, hr\^ J, S, Cahot, which lie lost in Mendocino hartjor, hark Acadia, which wa.s wrecked on his 
 second trip, and the \n\% Qiiac/t/y llcUc, rnntiin){ to Tahiti. He was suhseiineiitly on the schooner CoUtcii Stale, which he nianaKed 
 tor two and one-half vears, and while .'iwaititig the comjjletion of the schooner Pacific sailed the schooners .SV(7 Xytnp/t and Ella 
 FloiciiiY. He oi)erated the I'acilic in the rnii)(|ua River trade for three years, niakin>; occasional tri])s to other ports, finally sold 
 his holdings to I'eter Crack and entered .\. M. Simpson's employ, first on the hark Occiiloil. and then pnrehasinn a share In the 
 barkentine U'cbfoot, which he coinniantled for several years. He next l)oU}.;ht an interest in the harkentine Poctlapui, which he 
 sailed for nearlv !iine years, leavin^t her to l)ecoine captain of the steamers liditit and lictta, making a trip to the Arctic Ocean with 
 llie latter, and on his return commanding successively the steamships . It-A'i, tJnialilla and H'illamclte. He then took the lug 
 lt'i:,nd from San I'raucisco to the Colnmhia ami remained on tlie har with her for eij^ht months, leaving the tug to take the 
 steamship Uiliiiiiii;loii, which he hamlled for a year, ami then took charge of the steamshi]) t.os .hiffcles, going from her to the 
 steamship /('1///W/V, plying to Alaska, and to the Santa Roaa, running on the Portlaiul route. He ran the steamship luistcru Orci;ou 
 north for a short time, was then on the steamer Humboldt, and after leaving the latter vessel was appointed port warden at San 
 I'raiicisco, a position which he has since held. 
 
 '"t.!apt. .Mcx McKinnon, who was sailing the schooner Siaftyisc out of Victoria in iS(i5, was horn in I'.reeuock, Scotland, in 
 1^36, and came to this Coast in 1S5S, first rnnning as rju irterniasler on tlie old steamship Colunthia and afterward as mate on sailing 
 vessels until 1S63, when he returned to Victoria from Knglaml. In 1S64 he took charge of the missionary schooner Carolina and 
 the following year of the Snrfirisc, having with liim as mate janies Christiansen, the well known pilot. He was next on the 
 schooner /lAy .Ifcrrillcx and other well known local traders. He connnauded the steamer Emma when she was engaged in laying 
 the cable from Victoria to the maiidand, and in 1S69 was (liioting on liurrard's Inlet and to Nanaimo. Since 1879 he has liad cliarge 
 of the Herens Island light. 
 
 "Capt. William Spring of the Alerl was the pioneer sealer of British Colnmhia, and his portrait, accompanied hy a sketch of 
 his life, will he found in the closing portions of this work relating to the sealing hnsiuess. 
 
 ■'Capt. Robert Hicks of Victoria was horn in Norfolk, Ivngland, in 182S, entered the Driiish Navy in 1845, came to America in 
 i.'>4S and soon after shipped on a whaler, was cast away in the North, and did not return to the United St.ates until 1S53. The 
 following year he started for the Pacific in the man-of-war tWalnr, which was detained eighty-four days in tile Straits of 
 Maxell, 111, being finally towed through hy the I'nited States steamship .Ifassac/iiiscll}!. .\fter the ticcalur had been stationed at 
 Seattiv- for a while, Hicks joiueil Captain Denny's volunteers anil fought Indians. He next houglit the schooner Poi'cr anA ran her 
 until ilie I'taser mining excitement, when he sold the vessel and went to the mines. Returning, he entered the employ of the 
 llnil-- ins Hay Company, hut left them soon after and bought the slooji Lconadc, which he operated until i-Sfi;. He then began 
 rniHiiii.; oil various steamers as .Maska pilot, having had tlie distinction, while so engaged, of bringing to this country the old 
 Rns-i.ni gunboat Polill;ofili\\ He ran on the I.iltic California, (Inaic Tel fair, Eidclatcr, (leorge S. H'rii;til, and a number of other 
 well 1, now 11 old-timers, and also piloted many Hritish and .-Vnierican war vessels to and from Alaska. He was for a while master of 
 the I i,i>er River lightship, and at present is living in retirement at Victoria. 
 
 fhilM 
 
 t'.r 
 
 I 1. 
 
I 
 
 
 I; I 
 
 I 
 
 . 
 
 n 
 
 144 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 n-as lowered but was immediately swamped, drowning the mate, Mr. Coppin. As it was impossible to do 
 anything more in this direction, all hands took to the rigging at 9:00 p. m. During tlie night the upper 
 works were carried away and the remaining boats destroyed. At 8:30 the next morning the sea went dowi . and 
 two rafts were hastily constructed, one of spars and one of pumps. Five persons were on the first, and it drifted 
 over to the south entrance, where they were rescued by a lifeboat manned with soldiers from the fort. From the 
 second, four men were washed overboard, the twelve-year-old daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Marks, who went down 
 with the vessel, and a man died from exposure, leaving but two of her eight passengers who reached shore in 
 safety. The following persons disappeared with the wreck : Lewis, captain ; Green, .second mate ; William 
 Cavener, .steward; Robert Powers and Alexander Green, sailors; Mr. -nd Mrs. Marks of Walla Walla. Messrs, 
 Meade and Myers, and a Chinaman. pa.s.sengers. The fortunate survives were : John West and James Peterson, 
 .sailors; Silas Wightman, Charles B. Herald, a son of J. M. Shively of Astoria, an unknown .sailor, and a 
 Chinaman. 
 
 The schooner Royal Charlie, a well known Victoria trading vessel, was seized by the Kake Indians 
 about two hundred miles north of the Stickeen River, while cruising along the coast, in September, 1865. 
 .She was in command of Capt. Thomas Goin, who had with him James Habut and John Cashman as crew, 
 Tlioinas Crawley, trader, and two Stickeen Indian boys. One night, while at anchor in a small bay, the hoys 
 overheard the savages planning an attack and at once advised the captain to leave, as the Kakes intended to take 
 the .schooner the next day. Captain Goin refu.sed to heed the warning, and the following morning at daybreak 
 three canoes came alongside, and several natives sprang aboard and cut the halyards. Goin immediately fired on 
 the chief, wounding him in the wrist, but the Indian rushed upon him furiously and stabbed him to death, 
 Ca.shman promptly avenged the deed with a bullet, and the chief dropped dead upon the deck. His confederates 
 retreated, but continued firing until they had killed Cashman and Crawley and wounded Habut. The latter and 
 the Indian boys were permitted to go ashore in a small boat, but Habut's injuries were so serious that he died 
 from loss of blood soon after reaching the beach. News of the tragedy was not received at Victoria until nearly 
 two months after it occurred, and, as the Indians guilty of the outrage were in Russian territory, they were never 
 punished. The schooner Xaiiaimo Pailccl also fell a victim to the bloodthirsty red.skins in i.S6_s. She was seized 
 and plundered in the summer by a party of Indians at Bella Bella, and the captain was subjected to many 
 indignities, the Indians giving as a reason for this treatment that a Victoria policeman had robbed their chief of 
 fifty-five dollars, and that was the only way in which they could revenge themselves. The schooner I'icloria 
 Packet, plying between Nanaimo and Victoria, met with a worse fate even than the A'oyal Cluirlk. She sailed 
 from the latter port in the summer of 1865 on her regular trip between the two cities, and there were no tidings 
 from her for five years. It was the commonly acceptei' belief that she had gone to the bottom of the ocean during 
 a storm, but in 1870 a Cowichan Indian confessed that the entire crew had been murdered by his people at 
 Cowichan Gap and the schooner scuttled as soon as the plunder was removed. 
 
 The American shij) William Tell, Captain Jones, was wrecked on the coast of Vancouv-er Lslatid, December 
 23, 1865. She sailed from Simonstown, August 15, 1864, and sighted land to the west of Nootka Sound, 
 December i.^th, and entered the Straits three days later, being within six miles of Dungeness lighthouse on the 
 nineteenth. The next day the wind began to blow, and the ship drifted to the we.st of Race Rocks. She tried to 
 anchor in Freshwater Bay, but could not reach it, and beat about the Straits until the twenty-.second, and on the 
 twenty-third struck a reef three miles northwest of San Juan. At low tide a line was carried ashore, one hundred 
 fathoms away, and all of the crew of twenty-two were landed. Before deserting the vcs.sel the mainmast was cnt 
 away to enable them to reach the reef. Bolles, the mate, was the last man to leave the wreck, at 1 2:00 o'clock, and 
 at 1:00 the ship broke into a thousand pieces. The survivors were taken to Victoria by the schooner StDfiisc. 
 Captain Francis. The William Tell was of about 1,500 tons burden, and was built in 18C12 and owned by 
 N. V. French of Walpole, Ma.ss. Other disasters of minor importance during the year were the .schooner Doyk. 
 plying between Vaquina and San Francisco, wrecked at Vaquina, March nth, and the sloop Fanny, disma.sted off 
 Shonlwater Bay while on her way from San Francisco to Victoria, and afterward sunk by the .steam.ship Pacific, 
 which was attempting to rescue the crew. This she finally succeeded in accomplishing, landing them at \'icloria. 
 The bark Ann Pei)y, from I'uget Sound with a cargo of lumber and 250 sacks of potatoes, was lost in January a 
 few miles south of the Cliff House, San Francisco. Among the deaths of the year was that of Capt. Charle.s 
 Edwards, who had been piloting on the bar since 1854. He passed away on board the steamship Pacific, 
 November 25th, while en route from .San Franci.sco, On the 19th of December, J. H. Poole, one of the lie.st 
 known of the California Steam Navigation Company's pursers, died in San Francisco. 
 
 Competition on river, Sound and ocean was one of the marked features of the marine business of iS6fi tor a 
 gooil portion of the year. The traveler northward bound from San Franci.sco could choo.se his steamer, name the 
 price he wished to pay for pa.ssage, and, on reaching Portland, find opposition .steamers in waiting to carry him to 
 the Cowlitz River, where opposition stages whirled him overland to Olympia, and an opposition steamer wailed 
 there to take him through to Victoria, where, fortunately for tho.se engaged in marine traffic, but little cuttin.i; i" 
 rates was indulged in, and, if the passenger wished to go farther north or to the interior, he paid a living pi ice. 
 The Oregon Steam Navigation Company was unmolested on the routes to the upper Columbia, and maintaint 1 a 
 good .service with the steamers Wilson G. Hunt, Nciv World and Cascades, making a round trip each day ti. ilie 
 
Thf "Brother Jonathan" and Othvr Notablv Wracks, Stranibnatiny on Interior Waters 
 
 '45 
 
 vm 
 
 Casca'i'-'s ; the steamers Onconta or Idaho, with a similar schedule on the middle river ; with Capt. I"red Wilson 
 runniii;; the steamer ///.« as a stock ami freight boat aliove the Cascades, and Capt. William Smith using the /u/i<i 
 for thf s.iine purpose between that point and Portland. Above The Dalles the steamers Yakima, W'cb/oot. Tenino, 
 Oa'y/i" . AV: /'i-m- Chief and Okanogan, run by Captains Iv F. Coe, J. H. I). Cray, C. C. Felton and Thomas 
 Stump, formed the connecting link in the line through to the interior and remained in undisturbed possession of the 
 route ; iind far inland at old Fort Boi.se the company launched another large sternwheeler, the Shoshone, to run on the 
 Snake River between Old's Ferry and Boi.se ')^\k Shoshone, launched at old Fort Boise in 1.S66 and placed in 
 comiii.iiiil of CajJt. Josiah Myrick, traversed more continuous miles of the Colnuibia and its tributaries than any 
 steaiiKi which has been in existence during the thirty years which have elapsed since her completion. Probably 
 no steamer was ever constructed in the Northwest under greater difficulties than tho.se which confronted the 
 builders (if the Shoshone. Hundreds of miles from a foundry or machine shop, and nearly as far from a sawmill, 
 they la' 1. red under disadvantages of which the projectors of the first steamboat on the Columbia knew nothing. 
 Nearly all of the lumber used was whipsawed or hewed in the vicinity, and the iron was transported for a long 
 distance on pack animals and worked into shape after its arrival on the ground. The expen.se ran up to an amount 
 which would have built several fine steamers farther down the river, but the company had great expectations of 
 big travel to the mines by that route, and had their hopes been realized the Shoshone might have proven a bonanza; 
 for it is doubtful if any one would have had sufficient courage to launch a second steamer there ; so the rates 
 charged could have been based on what the traffic would stand. Unfortunately for the Shoshone a shorter way to 
 the gold-fields was discovered before the steamer was ready for business, and she remained almost a dead loss on 
 
 the company's hands until 1870, 
 with instructions to bring her down 
 attempt. Smith made a good start 
 reached Lime Point abandoned the 
 "Bas" Miller and I). Iv. Buchanan, 
 ill making the run and landed her 
 trip, 1870). On June 29th Miller 
 Falls, and she was soon hauled out 
 extensive repairs, ran on the middle 
 iS;;,, when Captain A ins worth 
 arrival at Portland .she was .sold to 
 Company and put in the Willamette 
 1 S 7 4 , when she struck a rock 
 efforts to raise her proved futile, 
 was removed and the hull left to 
 and came down the river as far 
 granger secured it; and the 
 which had been the central figure 
 transformed into a chicken-house, 
 and thirty-six feet long, twenty- 
 inches hold, with engines sixteen 
 The Oregon Steam Naviga- 
 control of about everything worth 
 
 Capt. Chaki.ks I-ltiuAUDs 
 Colutuliia Hat IMIot 
 
 when Capt. Cy Smith was .sent up 
 to Lewiston or wreck her in the 
 from Iluntinglon, but when he 
 project, and a little later Capt. 
 the well known engineer, succeeded 
 in safety at I<ewiston (see Shoshone 
 brought the steamer over Tumwater 
 at The Dalles, and, after receiving 
 river as p. cattle steamer until June, 
 l)iloted her over the Cascades. On 
 the Willamette River Transportation 
 trade, rutiniiig there until the fall of 
 opposite Salem and sank. All 
 and in November the niaehinery 
 its fate. It floated off in January 
 as Lincoln, where a thrifty 
 remains of the famous old craft, 
 in so many stirring exploits, was 
 The Shoshone was one hundred 
 .seven feet beam, and four feet six 
 by forty-eight inches, 
 tioii Company, having secure d 
 having 011 the navigable waters of 
 
 Oregon, Washington and Idaho, made a move farther inland in 1.S66, and organized the Oregon & Montana 
 
 Transportation Company, with the following officers : J. C. Ainsworth, president ; ,S. G. Reed, vice-i)resideiit ; 
 
 Tiieodore Wygant, secretary ; and H. A. Hogue, agent. Tlie.se officials a.s.sociated with R. R. Thompson and 
 
 Z. V. Moody, composing the directorate. The new company built the .Uaiy Moody, the first steamer to plj- 
 
 on the waters of Lake Pen d'Oreille, launched her on April ,^oth, and operated her on a route from the lower end 
 
 of ilif lake to the east side of Cabinet Mountains, a distance of about .seventy miles. The steamer went to the 
 
 foot of Cabinet Rapids and connected with the steamer Cabinet, constructed the same year by Abranis & Co., to 
 
 run to Thompson Falls and there meet the .Missoula, running to the mouth of the Jocko. The latter steamer was 
 
 owned by Ilumason & Savage but afterward pa.s.sed into the hands of the Oregon iS: Montana Transportation 
 
 Company. The lumber u.sed in the Mary .Moody was whipsawed from timber cut on the ground near where she 
 
 was launched, and the steamer was provided with the old engines from the /Express. In describing the steamer 
 
 and wliHl was expected of her, a writer in Harf^er' s Monthly has tha following : 
 
 '■ I'aur months aftiT the first tree was felled for licr slic was afloat ; fifleeii ilays after that her steam whistle slarlleil Ihe eeliii 
 oftlie I I'luntaiiis, the U)iiesoineness and invsteriousness of which she has fore\er hanished. The elk anil hear anil red man ?.looil 
 with sti,,; 'iteneil hair ami ears at the shrill challenge of the invader. The first trip she hail oil hoard tweuly-five ))ai'k animals, ten 
 Ihousaii'l iiuunils of freij^hl, and fifty passengers. Desij^ned to lie the first of three hoats that are to navij.iate Clarke's I'ork of the 
 CiiluiiiliLi 1(1 the mouth of the Jocko, a few miles west of the main raiij;e of the Roekies, .she stoiijieil short at the laiiiliu),' .it Ihe foot 
 of Caliimt Mountains, some fifty miles from her startiuj.; point at Ten d'Oreille City, the rapids above the laiiiliii),' heinj^ too violent 
 to perniii her pushing; farther up. .Above these rapids tlie second hoat will a.sceiid to Thompson's l''alls, and aliove Tlioiii])sou's I'alls 
 the third lioat will oomplele the chain of iiavination to Ihe Jocko. This plan in operation, the northwestern iiortion of Montana, 
 yirii;issiiu;lv rich in aKricultunil facilities, and faraway the most beautiful iiortion of the territory, the scenery of it blendiu); all the 
 sterner ci I loftier with all the gentler features of Switzerland and the Tyrol, will be pierced and opened from the I'acific and a 
 hiturc u: |irosperous activity secured for it, which no one can presmne at this moment to shadow forth, niuch less to estimate." 
 
 
 I 
 
 "ry 
 
146 
 
 Lewis df Dryden's Marine History of the PacifiG Northwest 
 
 i ; 
 
 The Cabinet was one hundred and thirteen feet long, twenty-two feet l.cani, and four feet hold, with 
 engines thirteen by forty-eight inches. The Missoula was about twenty feet shorter and had engines ten liy 
 forty-eight inches. Capt. Robert Copely ran the MooJy at the beginning of her career, but there was never iiuicli 
 business for the steamers in that vicinity, especially for those on the upper portion of the route ; and in June, 1S70, 
 Capt. Sebastian Miller and Capt. Shep Warren, with ICngineer J. Gallegher, ran them through Hero Rapids to 
 the head of Cabinet Canyon, one of the most ditlicult feats of swift-water navigation which has ever l)eeii 
 attempted, the steamers burying at every plunge. After waiting a .short time for the water to fall, the same crew 
 took the boats down into the lake, going tlirough Cabinet Rapids without difficulty. They were laid up on 
 the lake the most of the time until 1S76, when the machinery wiis removed and shipped to Texas Ferry, and thence 
 down the Columbia. The building of the Slioshonc on the upper .Snake River was a worse speculation than the 
 Montana steamboat venture, and she remained in idlene.ss for nearly four years before the company succeeded 
 in bringing her down where she could earn something. In June, Capt. Thomas Stump piloted the steamer 
 Okanogan over Tumwater Falls, making the run through from Celilo to the mess-house in twenty-.seven minute.s, 
 The Okanogan was not .so well adapted to the upper river as some of the steamers left there, and was more needed 
 below, as the Iris and Julia, which were running as freight and stock boats, were kept busy continually, the 
 manifests of the latter steamer showing that in two weeks she had made thirteen round trips to the Casc.ides, 
 carrying 910 horses, 253 head of cattle, 1,600 sheep and 100 hogs. While the Oregon Steam Navigation 
 Company was enjoying a state of tranijuillity on their other routes, the Cowlitz trade was again divided in the 
 
 summer by the advent of the little steamer Kanger, built in Portland by 
 ' " Capt. James N. Fisher,'' who placed her on that route in July. Fisher 
 
 was chief owner, although M. M. (lilman was interested in the vessel 
 subsequently. The Rescue was running to the Cowlitz as a mail boat, 
 and the newcomer drew considerable business away from her liefore 
 matters were adjusted. In 1867 she was on the same run, goinj; by 
 way of Willamette Slough, and the following year was engaged in the 
 jobbing business until September, when she caught fire while in route 
 from Rainier to Portland and became a total lo.ss. She was one hundred 
 and thirteen feet long, twenty feet beam, and four feet hold. 
 
 The trouble which had been brewing for .some time on the 
 Willamette came to a head early in the year, wlien the newly organized 
 Willamette Steam Navigation Company started their steamers Ali-rl 
 and . Iclive on the route from Portland to Corvallis. The People's 
 Transportation Company was running the steamers Senator. Captain 
 Haughman, Reliance, Captain Pea.se, Jinlerprise, Captain Miller, and 
 J'anny Patton, Captain Jerome ; and, as soon as the new company threw 
 down the gauntlet, fares dropped until a passenger could travel from 
 Portland to Salem for fifty cents, with meals and berth free, and to 
 Albany and Corvallis for one dollar and one dollar and a half 
 respectively, while freight was fifty cents per ton from Portland to 
 Oregon City, and no charge whatever was made for pa.ssengers to that 
 point. Contests of spec' were of daily occurrence, and on one trip in 
 January the Reliance and \.\\^', Active raced the entire distance from Canemah to Salem. This ruinous competition 
 was of short duration, and in March the two companies consolidated. John D. Biles was appointed agent of the 
 new organization, whose officers for the year were ; A. A. McCully, president ; >S. T. Church, secretary ; Joseph 
 Kellogg, L. E. Pratt, George A. Pease and E. N. Cook, directors. Captain Ankeny was running the steamer 
 Echo on the upper Willamette, and for a short time the newly built steamer U. S. Craut connected with her 
 below the falls. In 1866 Sucker Lake, near Oswego, was honored with the presence of a steamboat, a small 
 sternwheeler about seventy feet long, contaiidng the engines from the little steam scow Skedaddle, built by Capt, 
 George Pease several years before. The new arrival l)ore the romantic name Minnehaha, was built at Oswego l)y 
 John C. TruUinger,"' now living in Astoria, and was intended to navigate the waters of ,Sucker Lake and the 
 Tualitin River. She made her first trip October 24th, in command of Capt. Robert Copely. The Minnehaha was 
 
 Cait. H. a. Kmke.v 
 
 " Capl. James N. I'isher is a native of New York, and, after following the water on the Kastern coast for a nunilier ol 
 canifc to the Pacific, and in i.SsS be),;an sleanitroatiiij,' in the Northwest on the little Webfool No. j. lie was one of tlie first 1 
 to receive a license in the Willamette district, and ran for a great many years on towhoats on the Columbia, helow I'ortlam 
 unfortunately lost the kanger hy fire a short time after she was built, hut soon secured another steamer and has been cotUiiui 
 the service for thirty-seven years, the last ten of which were spent on the Willamette River, running between Portland and ,Si' 
 until the electric line supplanted steamers on that route. lie then took charge of the ferry between Selhvood and the ij| 
 shore of the Willamette. 
 
 "'John C. TruUinger is one of the oldest pioneers in Oregon, and, while he has not been interested in many steamboats ( 
 was a stockholder in several of the early marine enterprises. lie built one of the earliest sawmills in Portland, and was tin 
 realize the importance of the iron mines at Oswego, where he laid out a city and produced the first bar of |)ig iron nianufaci 
 Oregon. He afterward removed to Astoria, where he erected a large sawmill ind supplied it with logs by con.strncting the 
 steam-logging railroad in that part of the State, He was a mend)er of the J.^gislaturc in iSy-, and lius always been prou, 
 identified with public affairs in Astoria, where he is still living, and, in addition to his sawmill, operates a large electric liglii 
 
 ^ears, 
 laslers 
 I. He 
 dly ill 
 wood, 
 posite 
 
 iflate, 
 irst lo 
 red ill 
 riiieer 
 .elllly 
 plant. 
 
Thu "Brother Jonathan" and Other Notable Wrecks, Steamboati'ng on Interior Waters 
 
 147 
 
 ncvr; I if much importance, and her sole claim to distinction is that she was the only steamboat ever launched on 
 
 tlic Itkc. The steamer Yamhill, previously mentioned, was also running on the Tualitin between Colfax and 
 
 Hill'i'iiro. The steamer l.oyal lilh-a'orth of the Fanners' Packet Line, which liad started on the Cowlitz the year 
 
 bulon.', came to Kf'^-'f '" h'ebruary and was attached and sold by the sheriff. When she was placed in operation 
 
 again Capt. II. A. Kinkeii,' the well known pilot, was jiiven command. Tlie Chehalis River, wliich had been 
 
 witlimil a steamboat since the ill-starred expedition of the Eitlcif>rist- in 1H59, came to the front in the fall with a 
 
 lioiiu- made production named the Sutsall, which was built and operated by a number of dwellers in the vicinity. 
 
 .She w.is a small steamer, but had plenty of owners. Among them were vS. S. Ford, C. Uthridge, A. J. Miller, 
 
 J. lioiso, O. H. McFadden, S. S. Ford, Jr., J. Brady, S. Henn R. Redmond and G. VV. Hiles. At the month of 
 
 the Columbia the ]iilots were still fiKhtiiij,' the tugboat "monopoly," as they called it, and in April they forced 
 
 tilt sU;un tug Kahboiii to give up the struggle and return to .Sail Francisco, with 
 
 her (iwiiers much poorer than when they arrived on the bar six months before. 
 
 Licenses were again i.ssued to the men who had been discriminated against in 
 
 favor of the tugboat pilots. In October, Capt. John 11. Couch, James Taylor and 
 
 \V. I''. Kippen were appointed pilot commissioners, and with the new board 
 
 everytliing ran smoothly. Shortly after the Uabboni's departure Captain Kerns 
 
 offered the services of his steamer I '. S. ihaut to tow vessels over the bar in good 
 
 weather, but the deep-water men were apparently afraid of her. She did good 
 
 service on the river, however, as also did the new towboat Comiiiodoir Perrw built 
 
 in i.Sdfi for service on the Columljia. The Prny, while an insignificant craft in 
 
 some respects, is entitled to more than pa.ssing notice from the fact that she was 
 
 the first steamer constructed on the Willamette or Cohnubia exclusively for towing 
 
 purposes. She was launched at Milwaukie, April 14th, for John 11. I'erry & Co. 
 
 W. W. Nelson, one of the owners, was her first master, and in 1.S69 Capt. John 
 
 Harluw took charge, handling the steamer until 1H72, when she was taken by 
 
 Cai>t. George W. Taylor, who ran her during the last ten years of her existence, *-"*"■ K'^"'*"'' "o'^o" 
 
 cxce])t at short intervals when Harlow had command. She was only fifty-one feet long, with twelve feet six 
 
 inches beam, and six feet hold, and was u.sed only in the business for which .she was intended. Her engines were 
 
 seven by twenty-two inches, and they swung a forty-four inch propeller. She ended her days in i8,S4, at which 
 
 time Captain Taylor replaced her with the steamer Os7irf;o. 
 
 On I'uget vSound the steamer Jilha Anderson met with the customary periodical opposition, her antagonist 
 in iS(if) lieing the steamer /cw/V .UiXair. which was brought up from San Francisco and placed on the mail route 
 lictween Olympia and Victoria. Capt. J. (i. Parker had secured the postal contract and afterward released it in 
 favor of Hale, Crosby iS: Wiiisor, the pnrcha.sers of the Josic M<.\'ta>\ who intended taking him in as a partner ; 
 but, as Parker did not like the appearance of the /dw, he refused to join them, and they began operating the 
 steamer in July. The Aiiderson made a desperate fight from the start, and, greatly excelling the MiXear in speed, 
 forced the owners of the latter to trade her for a better boat. The /iwV .UiA'tttr was built at Cozzen's .shipyard in 
 San I'rancisco by the citizens of Petaluina as an opposition boat, and was named in honor of a sister of the 
 McN\Mrs, who owned five-eighths of the craft. She never accomiilished anything in California, and, when 
 Captain Crosby went there to secure a steamer to carry the mail on the Sound, she was unloaded on him at a 
 sacrifice and .started northward. She had a long and rough passage up from San Fraiicisco and arrived in a badly 
 damaged condition, but was soon repaired and placed on the Victoria route, making her first trip in July, 1866. 
 The /:7/:(7 . Ini/rrsivi ran her pretty hard from the start, so after a brief struggle the owners of the AfiA'car, Hale, 
 Crosby I'v: Winsor, made a trade with the Oregon .Steam Navigation Coini>any on the Columbia and secured the 
 fine steamer AV,-i' World, paying a bonus of $40,01)0. The old reliable Andrrsoii served the A'irr World just as 
 she liad the /iwc MiXtar and soon swamjied the owners. Following the change in ownership the /osic was 
 put 1111 the Astoria route, with Capt. Henry A. Snow in charge, but shortly afterward she was used as a jobbing 
 hoat, and in 1870 Capt. Richard Hobson* ran her for a long time under charter to the Cementville Manufacturing 
 
 
 «! 
 
 K ■ I.I 
 
 ' 1 
 
 Capt. II. A. lunken was liorii in HriiiU'rhaven in |S45 anil ooninienci'd liis marine career with a voyage aroiinil the Horn at 
 the ;!).,'(' of fimrteen. His first visit to tile Nortliwest was in 1S60, ami t'.arly in the year ho retired from ileep water aiul enj^a>»e(l in 
 sleauiticiilini; on the f'raser River. One of his first experiences was on tlie /•'();/ )'alf when she exploiteil her boiler near Yale. 
 Captain fjiikeii left the river in iSf)2 ami for the foUowini^ two years was in the Cariboo mines, but in the fall of 1S65 be took the 
 nveilaiid ruule t,i the Columbia, ami eaine down that stream as far as Wallula. Koing from there to Aloiitana earlv in 1866. 
 He retiinii'il to tile Columbia a year later anil eny[aj^eil with the /.ovtil /'^llauvit/i, an oilil a^ipeariu^ siilewlieeler wilh a single 
 house .iihI open bull, receiving lower from geared eii^;ines. After a short stay on the /'.y/v.-co/M, Captain limken went to the 
 steanu-r- r(/;77(' and Mitiiiehaha. Later, with Caiitain Troup and Jason Kello^^. he leased the steamer (^;/**(?;//(;, which they 
 operauil uii the Vancouver route. When the Oregon Steam Navij^atioii Company purchased the interests of the Willamette 
 Transp.iriatiou and Locks Company. ICmkeii comnienceil ruuuinj; on steamers in their employ ami remained in the service 
 contiiiu'i'.isly until a few years a^o, when he was ajipoinled a branch pilot on the Columbia and Willamette rivers. He was in 
 coinmruid 111 the Oiklnhiuiia fur a greater length of time than any other master who served aboard the steamer, and while handling 
 her as ,1 lowboat met with a miraculous escape from death when the British ship . llliiiiiic toppled over on her, destroying the 
 pilnt li, n-i. and up|>er works. 
 
 Capt. Richard Hobson, one of the earliest pilots on the Colunibin, was born in lui;;land in iSjc), and camp to Oregon vi<i 
 New Oil. .Ills in iSpi, H" '.eft '•'. ^S^s and ran a schoiiiier oti the .Sacramento Kiver for a while in i.S^S and 1.^49, but returned to 
 Oremm m i,Si;i), piloting there in 1S52 ami 1.S53. In 1X54 he went to Australia, returning in i.sdi and going to the .Salmon River 
 Kolil-tiiMs. (Jn coming back from the mines he began boating on the Skijianon and .\storia route, after which he was cai)tain on the 
 
 i ! 
 
 irS'il:i' 
 
11 
 
 ! 
 
 : ■}■ 
 
 148 
 
 Uwis 4 Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Company. In 1 871 she was extensively overhauled, received the l)oilers which had been taken from the .S/^nv, 
 and again ran to Astoria during the winter season. Captains Hughes, Kandail, Hoyt, Kindred and otliers 
 cominnnded her at different times, and she gradually wore out, making her last run in 1.S78. She \v is a 
 sidewhceler, one hundred and nine feet lon^, twenty-three feet beam, and seven feet hold, with engines fourtetn 
 by forty-eight inches. Victoria's steam fleet was reinforced by the fine steamer Isabii, a boat which reniaincil in 
 active service for over a ([uarter of a century. The /suM v/a» a sidewhecl steamer, launched at Victoria, July 
 25th, for Captain Stump, owner of the Alberni sawmills. She was one hundred and torty-six feet Idiig, 
 twenty-four feet beam, and nine feet hold, and started out under Captnin Chambers, who was succeeded in i.s6,s 
 by Captains I'iim))hlet, and Devereaux, who retained liis position unlil 1.S70, when Stump sold her to the Starr 
 brothers, who put her on the Sound route in opposition t.> the /'.'//ru .InJmo)!. She went as far as I'i)rt 
 Town.send and connected there with the A/i'i/ii for Olympia, starting on the run in September in connnaml of 
 Capt. Dan Morrison. On her first trip she beat the Anderson fifty four minutes between Victoria and I'orl 
 Townseiid. The AWth /'an/ii came out soon after this and relieved the /sabil, which was operated for a while 
 between Victoria and Nanaimo, and also as a towboat in Hritish Columbia waters, Capt. Charles Clancey ami 
 Captain Starr running her. In 1H72 she was still in the towing business, and for the next few years was 
 successively in charge of Captains Starr, Morrison, Pamphlet, Ramsey, Landiiourne, Robinson, Hrown, lUirr, 
 Wilson and Clancey, occasionally relie\ ing the North Pmijir, and spending a good portion of the time tied up .it 
 Gig harbor. In 1888 she was purcha.sed by R. Dunsmuir, and, after an extensive overhauling and receiving new 
 boilers, was put into service between Victoria, Nanaimo and Coniox, where Capt. F. Revely handled her f(ir ;i 
 short time, being succeeded by Capt. J. P. Beiulrodt. When Bendrodt left her to begin piloting, the /subr/ \\:k 
 put in charge of Capt. J. H. Hutler. who continued with her until the new steamer /ixc/ was built a few years a^o 
 to take her place. The Aaic/ was then tied up in Victoria harbor, where she remained until 1894, whtii her 
 machinery was removed and the hull converted into a barge. The steamer cost $50,000 to build, and was 
 considered a remarkably fine craft. 
 
 The wreck of the old steamer Curt/wo, which had been lying in idU . -.s since the terrible disaster wliicli 
 occurred on her first trip, was launched again in March, 1S66, by Captain McDougal. and reentered the career of 
 usefulness which had been so rudely interrupted a few years before. The big steamer Aliwondria was al.so refitted 
 this year by T. Pritchard, who purchased her in I'ebrnary for $5,000 for the Hudson's Bay Company, and after 
 repairs she began her labors in command of Captain Swan.son. The Ru.ssian-.Vnierican Telegraph Company, 
 which had been operating quite extensively in the Northwest during the previous year, built the steamer Munfml 
 at Victoria and started her out in charge of Captain CoflTin. The Miin/ord was a sternwheeler, one hundred and 
 ten feet long, nineteen feet beam, and four feet eight inches hold. The same company was still running the 
 steamship Cicori^r S. Wright, Captain Patterson, master, James M. Douglas,'' first officer. The steamship 
 fidelatir, Captain lirskine, entered a new trade, and in June left Victoria for Portland with forty-six pa.ssengers, 
 returning with a good cargo and .several pas.sengers, and remained on the route regularly. The steamer Murten 
 was built on Kamloops Lake in i8f)6, making her trial trip May 24th. .She continued in service here for several 
 years, most of the time in charge of Capt. Augu.st Menenteau,'' but was abandoned for a period after the mining 
 rush was over, and started again in the .seventies, when the settlers commenced to come into the country. 
 Another .steamer running well into the interior of British Columbia in 1866 was the /'orty-niiif, constructed at 
 Little Dalles the preceding year by Leonard White. She left Little Dalles, April 15th, on her first trip with 
 seventy-three passengers and a light cargo of freight, reached Fort Shepherd the next day, left there at noon and 
 made the run across lower Arrow Lake. On the morning of the eighteenth the steamer cleared the narrows, bat 
 
 Josie AfrXfar, /{fiuvr, a\ii\ otlier river sleaiiier.s. He left lliis ))U>!ness to enter llie customs service, l)nt after a sliort time truk a 
 tri)) to the .Samhvich Islands for his tiealtli. Not flnding tlie relief sought he sailed on the hark /■'alkeiiltirff in May, i>S7S, fur lliis 
 country, hut failed so rapidly that he died. May 24th, before land was sighted. The captain of the bark, an old comrade of 
 Captain Hobson, maile a special effort and readied Astoria in time to enalile sorrowing friends an<l relatives to pay their last 
 respects to genial Dick. Hobson. 
 
 "James H. Douglas, nmster and pilot, was born on Long Island in i.S^fi. When but fourteen years of age he joined the New 
 York "■" t-boats, and later made a voyaj^e to Liverpool. In 1.S53 he came to the Pacific Coast as first oITicer of the ship A\i/t/i'>\ 
 He maL a second trip on her to the (."oast, and then left her at San I'rancisco to join the old steamship ()iri;oiii(i», wlure lie 
 ran for a short time as second mate. He was next on the Government sleanishi)) .Utive, then snrveyinf; the Pacific Co.ast and Vw^tX 
 Sound. .-Vbout i860 he joined the schooner Fanny, trading around Vancouver Island. He then went ivist antl was 111 the 
 Government service as ordnance foreman until the close of the war. On his return to the Coast he was employed as watcli olliier 
 on the TTnited .States steamer Xt-jvdern, where he remained until she was sold in Alaska. He then moved to Pnget Sound ami 
 joined the steamer Crori;f S. ll'rif;hl, where he remained for a year as first ofiicer. He was afterward on the /clalio, Jlt'"iliiii(i, 
 Jolin A. Sttpliens, William Tabor, and tlie Alaska mail steamer l.ttlle California, Captain Thorn, serving on the latter three Mars. 
 .\fter acting as master for a year on the ferry and freight steamer t'ltaluina, he entered the Government employ as pilot 111 tlie 
 
 waters of Puget Sound and Alaska, having received his education in this locality from pilots Hicks and George. He rontii 1 iu 
 
 this business for ten years and then worked for the Southern Pacific Company as first and second officer on ferry-boats. 
 
 -*Capt. August Menenteau was born in Bordeaux, I'rance, in iH,^4, and when a young man served three years in the 
 Navy, Bubse(|uently entering the service of Great Britain and going throngli the Crimean War with .\dnural Napier, rccc 
 medal from the Queen as a reward for his bravery. When he left the navy he sailed for the West Indies, ami on his return 
 for San I'raucisco. On reaching there he was for a few months on the steamship I'aiific, running in the Northern trade, but 
 to go on the old steamer Enterprise on the Kraser River. In 1S6S he went to the upper I-raser and r.-in on Lake Ka! 
 continuing there and on the Thompson River until 1.S91, when he was on the upper Columbia in the employ of the Colin 
 Kootenai Navig.ition Company for a short time, and then with Messrs. Patersou and Campbell purcha.sed the steamer Aiii 
 which he is still operating. Captain Menenteau was the first man on the upper Columbia to obtain a certificate fr^ n the 
 Government. 
 
 reiicli 
 
 i"K » 
 arleil 
 It her 
 
 1|0|«. 
 
 .ia S: 
 ■orlh. 
 
Thu "Brother Jonathan" and Other Notable Wrecks, Steamboitiny on Interior Wati-rs 
 
 149 
 
 foil I' 
 
 flltl ' 
 ri'iii i 
 rive I 
 
 the lower eivl of tlie upiier lake full of ice and had some difficulty in making her way throuKh it. I>iit 
 I the river on the nineteenth. Cnrne.s Creek wa.s pn.s.sed on the twenty-second, and Death'.s Kapids were 
 il on the twenly-fonrth, at which poiiil the pas.seii^ers were discharged, and the steamer started down the 
 txturninK in less than otie-fonrth the liiiK- occupied in K"'"g "P' ''''"^ '""" contract hetween Victoria and 
 Sun I'l.mci.sco, which had always been an important item in the steamship business, was awarded in January to 
 till' lliulson's Hay steamer l.aboiuherc, which received S!,5i«3 a trip for the .nervice. She steamed away from 
 Vittniia on her first voyage February 1 '111, carrying, beside the mail, forty passengers and ninety tons of freight, 
 l)nt nil her return was wi' 'ked soon after passing out of the (lolden (late, and the steamer ./(•//;/• was again 
 graiiti.'! the subsidy. 
 
 The diflicullies which beset the steamboatmen running to the Fraser at night were lessened considerably by 
 tile es;al)lishment of a lightship at its mouth in January, iS6f) ; and another indication of the growing importance 
 of the maritime commerce here was the appointment of a l)oard of pilot commissioners, Cajitains Cooper and 
 SwaiiMiii and Hon. J. A R. Homer constituting the first board. Ks<iuinialt harbor was becoming ipiite a rendezvous 
 for vessels, and in one day in l)ecenil>er a Victoria Coloiii.il reporter noted the ]>resence there of Her Majesty's vessels 
 Sullix, Clio, Sf>iinoh' //<nck\ /'oi;,v>;l, <iiii/>/>lri and /iiiiirr, the latter under charter, the rnited States steamer 
 .S"(ii,'/«i'<i', steamsliip (iron^e S. W'lighl, ships litlmoiil, livelyii Wood and Niilwlas lliddh-. Other (iovernment 
 vessels at Ivs(iuiiiialt during the year were Her Majesty's steamers Siout and .Uni, the American steamers 
 Faiiiil/iioy and S/in/»id\ and the revenue cutter l.iticohi, the latter having recently arrived from the Hast, where 
 she hiul 1)een built in iSfi^. Another visitor of some importance at \'ictoria was the steamship Coinlauliiie, which 
 came down from Sitka in command of Captain I.indfors. Her stay was brief, but she returned two years later 
 and began an eventful career along the coast. The Coinliviliiic was an anti(|ue appearing steamship of about 500 
 tons, which had been operating in the vicinity of Sitka for several years and had made occasional trips down the 
 coast to Victoria and San Francisco. In 1868 she was placed under the American flag by her new owners, 
 Hutchinson & Kohl, and from that time became an important figure in marine business in the Northwest. The 
 first year after she assumed American ' Mors she was sunk about three miles south of Active Pass, and was with 
 some (litTiculty raised and towed to Port I.udlow by the steamer /'idilalcr, receiving temporary repairs which 
 enabled her to proceed to San Francisco, where it was found that she had lost thirt)' feet of her keel, and a number 
 of her plates were injured. After this damage was remedied, she again started in the trade to Sitka with Captain 
 George, who afterward turned her over to Capt. M. C. F>skine. In charge of lu kine she ran north as a mail 
 boat, leaving Port Townsend on the twentieth of each month, and also made occa.Monal visits to California. In 
 1871 she was placed in the Portland and San Franciscn trafl[ic. in command of Capt. Charles Thorn, and began an 
 interesting opposition to HoUaday's line. She made her first trip in this .service in May, and rein.iincd there 
 until bought off in September. Her next venture was on the southern route, remaining, however. ..iit a short 
 time, and in January, 1873, was .sold to (loodall. Nelson & Perkins for 54.5.000, and was put on the run between 
 Santa Barbara and San Franci.sco. In 1879 she was chartered for a little while by the Government and used in 
 the engineering service, and after finishing this work jobbed around for a few \ears and was finally broken up in 
 1S.S7. The Yukon River, wdiich at this time seemed a long distance from civilization, was visited in i.Shfi by a 
 steamboat, probably the first which ever disturbed its waters. This steamer, a small sternwheeler named the 
 Wilder, was taken up by the ship Nig/iliiigali'. .She was about sixty feet long, and after being put in running 
 order continued on the river for two years, in the service of the Russian-American Telegraph Company. The 
 same organization sent a steamer of similar build to the Anadyr River, christening it the Wade. The Wilder was 
 in coniniand of a man named Smith, and her engineer was J. R. Forbes, " who is at present employed on the 
 Coast as chief engineer of the steamship .S7. Paul. The Telegraph Company had quite a fieet in Northwestern 
 waters this year, including the barks Clara Belle, (ioldeii dale and Palmello, the schooner Millon />adi;er, and the 
 steamer Ceorire S. Wrii;/i/. the latter under charter to them. The A'ii^/i lint; ale. which was the flagship, was 
 designed by the I'nited States naval constructor at Charlestown, Mass., as a model of American marine architecture. 
 She registered 722 tons, and was built at Portsmouth, N. H., for exhibition at the World's I'air in London ; but 
 l)cfore completion a difficulty arose between the contractors and the men who backed the jiroject, and the ves.sel 
 was sold at auction to a Boston firm, and, after sailing around the world for .several years in legitimate business, 
 she tnnied up as a slaver and made fortunes for her owners before .she was finally .seized off the coast of Africa by 
 the /ii//ie.ilo!r/i, with nine hundred slaves aboard. She was condemned and bought by the United .States Navy 
 Department, and after the capture of New Orleans was stationed as a guard and .store ship at the mouth of the 
 Mississippi River for eighteen months. .She was also in use at I'ensacola and other points on the (Inlf, and when 
 the w ,ir closed was purchased for a song by a'Uoston house and subseiptenlly passed into the hands of the Western 
 Union Telegraph Company. 
 
 ■J. R. Korlies was liorn in New York in 184^ ami served his apprenticeship at the Atlantic Hock Iron Works. He then 
 wem cm (lie steamer .Ij'ax as third assistant and came ont to tlie Coast with her. In 1.S65 he made two trips to Honnhilii, and then 
 visittil .\!aska on tlie liussian-.\nierican telegraph exi)e<tition in the ship Alghlingale. whioli carried two sixly-fool sicrnwheel 
 tioals. whifli were lilted up on the Yukon Kivcr, wliere Sir. l'orl)es served as eii;^iiieer on one of them, wliicli was called llie U'lhler. 
 in c(ii! Ill mil of Capt. \',. .S. Smilli. After two years in Alaska he reUinicd to San I'rancisco and l)eKiin niiinini.; In Panama 011 the 
 sleanu ; ^ .l/t)\('5 '/ aylor 'A\\t\ Xei'iula. iWuX suhsecpieiitly north as first ami second assistant uii the /^t'lit'ii/t. Idaho Ajar. I'iiloria, 
 l.iK . I ,7,s, and oilier sleamsliips. I'lir the jiast ten years he has lieen on the Alaska route, the greater part of the time with the 
 sleaiih 1 ■, h'ayluk. Ilerlha and .SV. Paul, and is at present chief engineer of the latter. 
 
 f. 
 
 'i I 
 
 j 1 
 
 
 ' ■■ 
 
 
 1 i 
 
 
 
 \ ' 
 
I i 
 
 r;': 
 
 15" 
 
 Uwia (J Drydon's Marinu History of thv RacHic Northwest 
 
 The stcnitislii|) Imsiia-ss lit-tween San I'Vaiu'isoo mid tin.' N'orlli liiul Ihlmi loiuliiotcil for scvt'rnl nimilliH in a 
 hiKhly reimiiR-iativc inaiiiicr by the Califuri'in Strain Niivij;atiiin Company ami tlii' California, Orijjon M: MiAico 
 Stenmship Company, who were working in harmony with a passciijior rate of 5^5 anil $.'5 ; bnt early in the >oar 
 a Maine \'ankee came ont from I'le luist with the new steamship Moiildini. wliiiU lu- starleil on the Norllurii 
 route to compete with the two olil lines, redncing the fare to jfl.'o and $n\ a lalc which was promptly mil l)\ ilu- 
 other steamers and afterward rednced to Sm and $},. I'atton, the owner of the .^/oiiliiiiii, was handicapped at ilic 
 ontset by having only one steamer ; but, as he had another, the Idiilw, on the stocks in Maine, much confidence was 
 expressed in the ability of his Anchor Line to make n hard fiKht. Kates were cut to almost nothiiiK, and whilo 
 the travel was remarkably large it was unprofitable, and I'atton's boats eventually passed into the hands of the 
 North Pacific Transportation Company, which was a combination of the interci.ts of the California Str.un 
 Navigation Company, the California, ( )regon \ Mexico Steamship Company, and the .Anchor Line. The stcani'.liip 
 Monlaua was built at Math, NFe., in i.Shs, and left New York in October for San I'rancisco. calling at Kio Janeiro 
 and V'al|)araiso on the way <nit. The .Uoiiliiiiii registered one thousand and three tons, and was two hundred and 
 twelve feet long, thirty-one feet beam, and twenty-two feet hold, drawing eleven feet of water. In h'ebruary, isdfi, 
 her owner, G. V. Patton, put her on the Portland route with Capt. J. U. Kelly in connnand. When she was 
 
 bought by lloUaday, Thorn was jilaced in charge, followed 
 by Williams, Sherwood, Holies, Carroll,' and others. She 
 continued to run north for several jears, and, when adveiMty 
 overtook Holladay and his California, Oregon & Mexico .Steam- 
 ship Company, was .sold in San h'ranci.sco for $65,1 k«i. Site 
 was not very strongly constructed, and a few years afterward lier 
 machinery was removed and the hull burned on the i^acraineiitd 
 River mud tlats. As the rivalry lasted through the greater |iart 
 of the year there were more steamships on the route than iluiinj; 
 the previous season. Among the newcomers were the Conti- 
 urnldl and the Orijlamme, which became noteil as HoUaday's 
 llagsliip, where the transportation king was wont to dispense 
 hospitality with a lavish hand on many a junketing trip. The 
 Contiiuiitiil was built in l'hila(leli)hia in i,S(i4 for the (/nverii- 
 ment, but after the close of the war her services were not 
 reiiuired, and she was purchased by Hen Holladay. She was 
 constructed of oak and hickory and was of the following dimen- 
 sions : length, two hundred and eighty-five feet ; beam, thirty- 
 six feet ; depth of hold, seventeen feet ; with engines fiflv by 
 forty-five inches. As the vessel which brought the " Mercer 
 girls" to the Pacific Coast, the Coiilhwiilal enjoyed more than a 
 local reputation. In this comiection it may be mentioned that 
 the nund)er of these women has been greatly exaggerated. 
 A. S. Mercer, the orginator of the ])rojecl of peopling llie 
 shores of the Pacific with imjiortations of the fair sex from the 
 capt. Jamf.s Carboi.1. Last, failed to .secure anywhere near the crowd recpiired to nialce 
 
 •' Capt. James Carroll was liorn in Ireland in 1.S40, nnil left tliere willi liis relatives when a mere child. His nnirine experience 
 rnnnneneed on the lakes, sailing out of Cliiea>;u from 1S57 to 1.S611, lie then went to New York and starleil for China on the Imrk 
 f/a:ik:iii, Imill for a t'liinese man-ol'-war, ami on arrival at the Orient ran there in the roasting; trade lor a year. He arriveil ai ,Saii 
 I'raneiseo in IS62 on the old clipper .S'ri'ii;,//;*/;. I'mm the Hay City he went to the Sandwieh Islands, and afterward retnrmd tci 
 Cork in the ship . l>ii;/(i-S,i.viiH, eoniinanded liy Capt. John Caverley, now of .San l-'raneiseo, v;oinK thenee to Liverpool anil llnvtini 
 and then for two years sailing nnt of New York in the Trowhridgc line for the We.st Imlies. In the latter iiart of iSOs he sliippiil 
 from the liastern metropolis as seeoinl mate of the ship A'ii///ii, lionnd for San h'raneiseo, and on arrival lie^an rniniiii),' North 011 
 the Moiilaiiii, then on the ronle in opposition to the Holladay line. He soon left the steamer and ni.ide a triji to China as sei iinil 
 mate of the hark .S'.-,7(//ii7(', which conveyed .\nson liiirlinna'me to China to complete the fainons treaty which bears his name. On 
 his return. Captain Carroll eiUered the service of the Pacific Mail .Steamship Ccnni)any as second and lirsl ollicer, reinainiiij; «ith 
 them until iS6ij, when he retnrned to HoUaday's employ. In the fall of 1S70 he received his first command, the steamship J/,'ii:,nhi. 
 on which he had lieunn as a sailor fonr ye.irs liefoie. I'roni that lime he remained eontiiuionsly in eharne of the Holl I'lay 
 steamships and those of its snceessor until 1S7S, when he took eommand of the l.ig sidewheeler (iini/ h'lpiihli,, rnniiinK to I'liitliiiid 
 as an opposition steamer, .\fler her wreck on .Sand Island, at the month of the Colnmliia, Captain Carroll served as master 011 tlic 
 steamer Alixauiln- Duncan for a short time, and from her went to the /dalio, linii'kn. A/iwim, and various other steanivliips 
 on the .-yiaska ronte in the course of the past ten years, anions them the liiiesl which have plied to the land of the midnight sun hiiiI 
 during that time has enlerlained tlionsands of tourists from all jiarts of the world. He is regarded as the prince of good fellow^ la 
 all who travel with him. hut never allows his gallantry and hospitality to interfere with his duly aboard shi]!. .V .story indiealneof 
 this characteristic is told by a passenger who made the .-Ma.ska triji with him. in the summer of iSy.), on the steamship (Jni'i 11. A 
 large party of tourists were aho.ird, and they were very anxious to visit .111 Indian vill.ine near a point which the steamer u is to 
 reach in the night. The passengers knew that they were sehednled for a brief slop only, lint they eonehideil to atleini't to 
 accomjilish their jinrpose by persuading the Ca]>lain to remain there nnlil the ne.xt day. .\ petition was aecordinnly drawn ii|>:iiiil 
 signed by nearly every one on board, and the ilut\' of jiresentinK it to the i^eiiial skipper was assigned to a eharming lady w'o at 
 meal time oecn])ied the seat of honor next lo the Captain. She approached the Captain with a most eiijjaging smile and li.ndwl 
 him the docnment. He read it carefully, and, rettirnnig it to her, said : " My dear madam, I regret very niueli to ilisap]ioint von anci 
 yonr friends, bnt this steamship is not run by petitions. We will sail on sehednle time." Captain Carroll is one of the few Mien 
 who have been fortunate in outside speculations while still remaining on the water. He has lar^e holdings in Alaska, am! 1 few 
 years ago, when the proposition to purchase Alaska from tile Ciovcrnment was made, he was one of the symlicate who sic 1 i" 
 readiness to pay for the territory. 
 
 li 
 
The "Brother Jonathan" ami Othvr Notabh Wrevks, Steamboat ing on Interior Watvrs 
 
 '5« 
 
 llic uMliirc profitiihlc. I'lic imiiieH of tlic "girls' of tliis imicli-lu'ralik'd i'x|ii.'(litioii were an rollowx : the MisHcs 
 
 lk•llM^^;ll,lm, C.riiioUl, II. Sti'wart, Davidson, V. Onlliiis, A. WVir, Uliodis, M. Ki'iiiicy, Roliiiisdii, Atkinson, K. 
 
 l,„i,| i: llanin, C. Ilai-on, N. Iv MatiniiiK, M. A. ('iiilVni, M. Stapli'S, M. J. Siuitli, A. I't'cldc, I,. VvvhW, Jnlia 
 
 Ciilluif, Ida IlarU)w, I,. Barry, A. Morton, A. MilliT, Lawrence, 
 1 Conner, I'!. A. Sti'vi'iis, M, Martin, l'", Sicvens. (ttlier incndnrs of 
 Mitcit's party on the ( iiu/iiirn/n/ were ; Mrs. Chnse nn<l two children, 
 Mrs. (irinold, Mrs, Oshorii and child Mrs. Pearson and danKhtcr, 
 Mrs. J, S. I.ord and son, Mrs. .Stephitison and child, Mrs. C I,. 
 S|>atildinj?, Mrs. Itnckininster, Mrs. Warren ami two sons, C. F. 
 Ilarnard and wife, I'eterson, wife and three i liildreti, A. A. MatniiiiK 
 and wife, Iv Petty, wife and child, Wakenian, wife and child, J. Wilson 
 and wife, Weeks and wife, C. Koardinaii, wife and child, W. I,. Mercer 
 and wife, J. Hojjart and wife, Jeri^o and wile, Messrs. Rhodes, F. Read, 
 Treen, Kello^K. Conant, I.ewis, Walkins, Ilorton, Stephenson, Hills, 
 Wehster, Stevens, (iifford, A. S. Mercer and S. S. iMngley. The 
 director of the enterprise liecaine liiiancially involved as the resnit of 
 his specnlation, and many of his passenj;ers were olilined to make 
 their way to various points in the Northwest in the !)est manner 
 possilile. The ('iiii/ii,,>i/(i/ arrived in San Francisco, April .'.(tli, in 
 command of Ca|>lain Witisor, and proceeded to Portland a few days 
 later with a portion of the Mercer colony. The steamei wa . snhse- 
 ([nently in the Mexican trade for a few months, lint went back on the 
 Northern route nuniti in i.Sd;, conliiuiinK there most of the time until 
 \H<H), Winsor was s\ic _____ 
 
 ceeded in command hy I 
 
 Captains Dall, Holies. 
 
 Tlioni, Mcl/Kcr, and others. William Law, " the well known en^i- 
 
 nter, came out with her, and John l'"arrell ' was one of the water- 
 
 liMiders. Capt. Chris Dall finally lost the vessel in the Oulf of 
 
 Califiiriiia in 1S70 (.see wreck of Coiitiiieiilnl, 1S70). The steamslii)) 
 
 OyilUtnniic was built in New York in 18(14 for a (lovernment >;unl)oat, 
 
 liiU liy tile time she was completed the war was .so near its close that 
 
 she was never put in commission, but instead was sold and entered 
 
 the China trade, running; for a year between Hongkonj; and Shaunliai, 
 
 ooiiiinn to San Francisco early in i8f)f), where she was bonjjht by Hen 
 
 Ildlliidav for the Northern route. She was a sidewheeler, with the 
 
 rc^jul.ilioti beam eii);ine, fifty-six by one hundred ami twenty inches. 
 
 Her iliniensions were : length, two hiuidrcd and forty feet : beam, 
 
 lliirly three feet; depth, twenty -one feet; toluiane, about one thou- 
 
 siuid two hundred tons. She arrived at Portland on her first trip, 
 
 Jam- .'(, iSiifi, in command of Capt. I'raucis Conner, and continued 
 
 plyiiiK North almost uninterruptedly for the next ten years. Holies, 
 
 Tliiini, Ciodfrey, Hewitt, Floyd, Winsor and others .served as master 
 
 at various times, while engineers Hrawley, " King, ' Shepherd, 
 
 Grilliii and a ho.st of others ci|ually well known have handled her 
 
 machinery. When Hen Holladay was in the zenith of his fame and j,,ii.v i-akkiii. 
 
 ?'. ' H 
 
 Wii.i.iAM Law 
 Mcl/ger, and others. 
 
 \ mm 
 
 ■'William I, aw Wiis licirii ill Ni'W ViiiU City in i.S(S, ami, alliT IciiriiiiiK his trade, lieijaii niiiniii}.; frDiii New York to China. 
 Ill iSd'i In- iiiadf his (irsl voyaur Id San I'raiuisi'o, loiiiitiH <ml mi the stiMiiier Conliiutitiil wlieii slic iii.nU' Ikt (hiikuis trip with ilie 
 Mon'fi L^iils. lie rt'inaiiH'il with llie i 'on/itu'titn/ for two yi'ais, ami tlieii ran on the sltMUu-r . Uiii't- to Victoria for nearly a year, 
 Iimviiil; Iht to HO on tlie steanisliip (>iri;iiiiiii>i. He was next in the China mail service for several years, anil on leaviiiK that route 
 UM^ iiiiiiiiii^ coastwise from San I'rancisco as chief engineer on the steamer \t':i'/>i'rit for six years, ^^oiii); from her to the steamer 
 .l/ii .'.■', where he remained the same length of time. I'or the jiast few vears lie has heen chief en),'iiiecr of the steaiiisliip C7/r 1'/ 
 
 'loliii I'arrell, engineer, was horn in Ireland ill iS|2, and, after learning his trade, heKUii rnniiiiiK hetsvcen New York ami 
 As|iiii\\ ill on thesteainship .\\»ili Sliii in uSfi^. He came to the Tacilic Coast in i.Sdfi as svater tender on tjie sleaniship Ci<tiliii,'Hlal, 
 Mv\ l;iiMi her went to the Ihi Xm/r, remaining there until she was wrecked, .\fter reaching San I'rancisco he worked on the 
 .1/1"//,";,/, ('/lintt and . /ArvX'i/, ruiiiiiii>^ most of the time in the China trade ; and, when the latter vessel was wrecked in a typhoon ill 
 Cliiiii lie returned to .Sail l''raiici.sco and eiitereil the eniphiy of the I'acilic Coast Steamship Company, reinainiiig with tliem, except 
 ill liiifi intervals, for sixteen years, as sccoiul assistant, iirst assistant and chief. He has recently heen engaged as chief engineer on 
 the vli Miner Gios Hay. 
 
 I laniel Hrawley, engineer, was horn ill Ireland, came to the Pacific Coast on the old steamslii]) SiM Itinl, and ran for nearly 
 a (|ii,iit<.r of a century "in the Pacific INIail employ as chii'f of the steamships Aft'iilaiia, Sairiniiiiila, (.'olttiii Cily, Siiiiit .ViVtii/ii, 
 Coiiir, iiid other well known vessels. He left the Pacific Mail Company to .accept a position as chief engineer in the ferry service 
 lor tlh r:iilr()atl company, ami died in San I'raticisco about twelve years ago. 
 
 Heiinis \V. King was horn in Newjersey in iS.tS, and is a son of James King, one of the oldest engineers on the Coast. He 
 scrvei! Ins apprenticeship at tlie Union Iron Works, San rrancisco, .iiid in 1S67 joined tlie .steamship Colonulo, where he served for 
 
TH 
 
 TTTTTl 
 
 ill 
 
 I) 
 
 I.S2 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Nortlwest 
 
 iJKN IlOM-AnVV 
 
 power, he frequently used tlie Onjlijiinm- as a private yaclit, and men who were favored witli the fricudsliip of 
 "good old Ben" in those days can still recall many occasions whei. the decks of the Orijhimmc were damp with 
 
 the champagn'.?. which flowed freely as water, as did everythiii;^ else 
 when Holladay was entertaining. The Oiijhuiniir iiassed out of i\ist- 
 ence several years ago, hut it will he a long while before the jolly limes 
 on boara during the Holladay n'gimc will be forgotten 1)\ eitln r the 
 guests or those whose na;iies were on the payroll. 
 
 Other steamshi]xs running North in ii<(i6 were the .Ir/iir in the 
 British Colui:'! ia mail .service, the Ori-ala, /'ad/ir, Siena .\'<:<id,:. /),■/ 
 '.'oi/i\ and the old sidewheeler Culi/oniui. The encroachments of steam 
 on the trade once handled exclusively by sailing vessels was now begin- 
 ning to be felt more than ever, and in January the bark CamhiJge, 
 which had sailed for years between the Columbia River, Victori;i iind 
 the Sandwich Islands, was withdrawn from a route which a few venrs 
 before had yielded fortunes to craft of her class. The master of the 
 Caiiiluhiiic gave as a rea.son for her discontinuance that the stininers 
 ^i'7V^"1W^ ^^^H^^V^ between the Islands and San Franci.sco would take the freight, reship it 
 
 '^W ..;' V-'M ^^^^KmMr "" ■'^t'^''""'^'"!'-'* •''l the Bay City, and deliver it to Northern jiorts cheaper 
 
 ^W .i ^ii^Bi ^^^BKt '''''*" ''""' ^^"'"K vessels could handle it without transfer. The dniihi,!,^, 
 
 - ■ s^^R ^^^^^W was the l.ist of the regular traders to abandon this traffic, alllioiigli a 
 
 nuuiber of other coasting vessels made occasional trips there for several 
 > ears thereafter. Another cargo of lumber was bri)nght to the Columbia 
 in i,S6f) by the schooner Ptui/ic, Captain Gage, which arrived in March 
 from Mendocino with uxi.doo feet of redwood. New vessels appeariiii; 
 among the saiiing fleet at Victoria and on I'uget .Sound were the Iiarks 
 /u>>/(-nt Chill, Captain Kraser, from Liverpool ; Onward. Captain Tibbetts, in the Telegraph Company's service: 
 CamJtii, Captain Mitchell : Rainit-y, Captain Ilayden ;■' Maikry, Captain Hughes, from Hilo ; I'riiur A/nisc/iiiv/f, 
 Captain Bensanann, iVom .Sitka ; the 
 ships Seirni, Captain Cragie, from 
 London ; Soiil/uyn i ivss. Captain 
 .McDonald ; Ihiois. Captain Green- 
 lief ; Czaroiii'-. C a p I a i n Alexau- 
 droff; Mo/ia:,'k, Captain Davis, from 
 
 two years as water-tender aiul oiler. He 
 was next on the Golden . /.<;c and G'lislilti- 
 lioii, and for a sliorl time ran as seti m\ 
 assist.'int on the steamer Oriztiha, K''-"K 
 Trom lier to tlie I'elieaii as first assistant lor 
 two years. He was also jirst assistant on 
 the /'iiei/ie, ami ran as first and seeonil 
 assi: tant in tlic Ilnfiaday line for three 
 years, and was snljseiinenily employed ttn 
 the /;»;/•'(<■ for a sliorl time, and in 187,^ 
 hej;an workini^ on the Central Pacifie ferries, 
 remainim' there fiir si\ years, and leaving 
 to lake a position asliorc willi llic California 
 .Street I'.ailway Compaay. In iSSo he went 
 l)aek to the I'aeifie Mail service as ehief 
 eiiKiiieer of the tnj; Milieu Ctiffilli for 
 Ihlrlcen years, leaving her in 1.S93. 
 
 ".vlfred Shepherd, engineer, was l«-ii in Irelaml in iS^i, ami came to the I'acilio Coast in iSsji on the steamer lloHvii and 
 on arrival was transferred to the lu itinfoi ami ran fi>r a \ear between San I'*ram'i.,co and South Ameriean purls. Me was iu-\t on 
 tlie steamers ,\V,'.' Oileixti^ ami It'intiehl Seetl, reniaininj; with tlie latter \es>cl until she was wrerki-d, ami then joiniiiv.' llie 
 steamshiiis ('('///»//»/(/ and /Ov»/('h/ riiniiin>; north. .-Xfter leaving.; the rortland route he riiii to Panama for several nioiitIi>, "ii the 
 steamers Sa*i i.iiis, Sttulit Cite: and O'i'li/eit . /c, reliriiij^ from the latter steamer on aerount of ill health after two years' st rviee. 
 While on shore he assisted in plaeiiij.; the maeliiiiery in tlie Cohhintln , then hnildin^, ami look ehari^e of her until the fioveiniiieiil 
 engineers came out from the Hast to receive her He then letunied to the Portland roiile and ran North for four years 11 llir 
 Ot t/liii/nne. cli.iiiK'iiiK from her to the steamers .ijiiw /nini /.. Sie/fl/r 11^. ( ttiifonihi .'iml /JtiliD in the same eiiii>loy. heiii" with 
 Holladav's steamers fi)r eleven \eais. and when Holladav sold on' ^'oinj^ to tlii- . Iiitre, niiiiiin^ to \'ictoria for si\ months. " itlier 
 steamships on whicli KiiKiiuer Shepherd has ser\e<l are the fj'ttwre '/ei/'<iir hetweeii .San rr.inci'-co and .San I.iiis Ohispo. the ^/eSl■^ 
 Tmh'i U) Honolulu ami I'orllaml, the Piieifie, .{itala. l.oi . I»i;eles, .hieeii .ind F.inpi'e in the norUieni trade, the Oii-ii/n: ;ci,Saii 
 Die^o. and the < hjet'i on the same route. He also served lor a slutrt lime on the ste;iiner ^ ('Ws/i/«//;/f'. leaving her to work ti llie 
 shops of the Pacific Coavt Steamship Company. .Miont 1SS7 he joined the steamer i:nrei\i and has remained witli her since. 
 
 'John W. (Trillin w.is horn in Ireland in 1S41, ami scrveil his appr'Hticeship as an onnineer at Whitehaven, luijil.i ! lii> 
 first experience .at sea beinj; on the steamship Oneen of it'/iileiiti:'eii, .vliere he ran as second enj^ineer. He was afterw '1 on 
 various other sleamsliips, ami ran to .South .\inerica for ahoiit six years, sjieiidin^' three years of that time in the Pertivi'ii Navy. 
 
 ■ OKIl'I.AMME' 
 
 In iS^i') he came to the racifie Coast ami joiiu-ti the steani--liiii Onfl'Unnie as secoml assistant with cliie'' Jo''ii I 
 
 iisli 
 ept 
 
 hill soor 
 
 anil remained ashore for two \ ears, sulisefpieiitly entering the employ of the Pacific Mail Steamsliip Comiiany, rniinin^,' to Cn 
 I'anama Un four vears. He afterwanl worked on the ste.imers of (loodall vS: Perkins' line, ex-ept at brief intervals, until iS.j. 
 he wa; cliief of the steamer ll'ilii:iiij;/i>n for ei;;liteen months. 
 
 ■" Capt. William ( I. Haydeiiwas born ill M.iine in 1S40. ami ser\cil for si \ years on the .\tlaulic Coast before comin 
 On his arri\'al he was for a short lime on the hark I'einoft from San I'rancisco to P<jrl (tainble, but in \^U\ went back to Ma' 
 built the bark h'aiiiiei: .She was launched in June, 1.^(15, ami Captain Hayiien look her lo .New York, where .she w,is load 
 
 :l her 
 L aii'l 
 when 
 
 .Vest, 
 
 ali'l 
 
 . aii'l 
 
7"/;t' "Brother Jonathan" and Other Notable Wrecks, Steamboating on Interior Waters 
 
 153 
 
 Grave :t\ : Koval Tiir, Ca])taiii M;uk, from London , and the Hndson's I?ay ship /^rhnr of W'nhs, from London. 
 
 'I'lie /■' iiciil, which in early days was a well known steamship on the Northern ronte, reappeared at Seabeck in 
 
 Angus' as a barkentine, and in that ri^ continned in the hiinber trade many years. Adams, lUinn iv. Co. were 
 
 her IK' > owners. The schooner Alushu wr. , completed at I'ort Townsend in iS^fi and made her first trip to 
 
 I'orthii! I in December. She was a well hnilt vessel of 14(1 tons register, constrncted and operated by the Calhonns 
 
 i)f IVii' Town.send. Capt. Rnfus Calhoun'' had command for a few years and made several trips with her to the 
 
 SaiuhM' 11 Islands. .\ couple of scow schooners, which were used mostly in river navigation, were set afloat on 
 
 tiie C'lilinnbia. One of these, the /Hack- Rfpiihliavi. was put together at Rainier by Capt. H. ("irounds, who had 
 
 s.iiletl ihe W'livr and Ca/ir/ii'om on the river twenty years before. She was one hundred and twenty-six feet long 
 
 and Ittviityfonr feet beam, and though of light draft could carry a large cargo. The other, the A/n .lint, was 
 
 laiuicluil on Lewis River by Capt. Thomas Vance of Vancouver, and was something over eighty feet in length, 
 
 with a capacity of about forty tons. There was a maiked difference in the number of marine casualties as 
 
 conipan.il with the preceding fatal year, and about the only .serious disaster was that which overtook the pioneer 
 
 steamship /.iiboKthfir near San h'rancisco. The accident happened during a 
 
 verv lieavy fog, and, after backing off the reef, she steamed mi the ojien .sea 
 
 until tlie next morning. The water was kept from gaining .ii.iil 5:iii> A. m., 
 
 when the vessel filled rapidly from a new leak. At 5:30 there were two feet 
 
 of water in the engine-room, ..nd a few minutes later all hands were called on 
 
 deck, as there was no chance of , aving the vessel. The boats were lowereil, 
 
 and Captain Mouatt was compelled to fire on a hasty passenger who insisted 
 
 (111 pr.-a-ding the ladies. lyght boats were loaded and stalled fi)r shore but 
 
 one of them up.set before getting away from the ship, drowning the colored 
 
 cook and a miner named Marshall. The steward, Scott, who is still living at 
 
 \'ittoria, and two others, were rescued. The captain and twenty-three others 
 
 remained on the wreck hut were taken olT by an Italian fishing smack just 
 
 before tlie npi>er deck cai>in lloated away. At 8:15 \. M , shortly after all had 
 
 left the ship, she ga\c a roll or two sidewise. then pitched forward and went 
 
 down liow first. The passengers were l.mded at Mr. P'lood's ranch near ix 
 
 and \\^u■ t.iken to San Francisco. The crew of tl;e steamer on her last trip 
 
 Were .Mouatt, master: Cliambers. chief officei ; Smith, .second officer; 
 
 l{lliott. ' fir.st engineer ; David Ste])hens, ^ .second engineer : David Ross, third 
 
 engineer: IIenr\ Ouinn, Wi'lia'ii Wood and Joseph ,S]>il!elt. seamen ; Da\-id 
 
 I'etrie, carpenter : J.H.Scott, .--leward : James IT. .\llen, first cook : Upshur, eMr. wim hm n mutin 
 
 Ihen ^.iiled for San I'ranciseo. .\fler making; two trips North willi the bark, he reUiriietl ti> New N'mk in iSh; to hrinu the tuj; .s •/. 
 /'//(>///./- arotiiul. lie then took t!ie bark /iitr'Hii l^ista to the .^ontul, le.'ivin^ her at Poil ('i,iinl'h lt> .ifiaiii eoiiini.uul tlie bark 
 Juiiiiiti. where he reiii-iined a year or two. He left the A'liiiiit'i 'o lake the historic steamer (in.'iah troin San iMaiuiseo to the 
 Soiintl ami sftent the next yejir on her, introilnein^ her to the water'- whieh were to he her fiitnre Jjonie. He then rejoineil the 
 A\lln/i'r. making two trips to Sotlfh America and one to San I-'raiieiset* where he left lier to take tin liip . h i:,'n'i^ /t/. .\flir twn 
 V(i\.ijies with h' r in the Hrilish C'olMiiihia coal trade, .i'i«l niie fioiii N.tiiMiino to .Aca|*-ilco 111 tlie s.iiile tr.iltie, he let't her .!' \'icltni;i. 
 wlierc lie w.is Le.d up fonrteeii ir.'inihs w ith Mexican fei 'r. .M'ter his recu\ery lie went to .San l-'r ineisco ami took ,'liarne of the ship 
 AVt/c/ .h/r '. running between Seattle anil that city for tlfee years. She was lost on the third trip after he left her. His next vessel 
 was the ship T:t'ti /ii<>//ie'is, on the same mute It was while on this ves..,el that lu' made a lifieen months' trip aroiiml the world, 
 SI 'liiiu nine years on her aUoy;etlier. WliiU Hayden was c.iptain of 'In- />.'.' liioHui^. her cabins were mblieil of ,ill their 
 vauu'-le<, itielii'liii;r lijs private papers. I'Vir three \ t-.irs , fter lea- iiig her li«- s in on the ship l\th-<ti'ir between S.iii I-'ranciseo ami 
 T.ic//iii:i - ahsenuently lea\'in^ the nceaii to run on Souiiil steaineis .'Sm, e llieii he has comiiKimleil the SkiHiit ( 'liirt, Itony />\ir/,v, 
 .SItil,- .1/ H' 'tliingltm. Xoilli /'lui/i, , and St'lu'iiic, and at various limes has .served as pilot on tlie ( V/i :'/' Sinli/t'. In iN9^ he eliartereci 
 the stc.niier Si^Uti' and operated her fc>r a short time. Captain IIa\dea followed the sea for nearly thirty years on tliis coast, ami 
 iliiriii;.' iiL i*. f)€ri'K*l was ill the emploc of two conipanies onl\'. Pope ^S: 1 albot ami Samuel Hlair, both i>f San l''rancisco lie lintk .1 
 liroliiiae'il pifi ih starting the Idhu uf i'^vtrett, having lieeli pistice of- he Peace diiriii).; I In- liist two -.ears of its existence. I.;i]>taii' 
 l.'ayile'iV hoiiU" is in Tacoina, where he wis in the marine insur nice mil j^eiieral tii'oker.i>;L- luisiiiess {^^Y twti or three \ears, making 
 iiccasiimal trips on the steamers. 
 
 'Capt. Rnfus CaUionn 'uasliorn in New lirunsuiek in 182S, aie -pent twenty years on the water befme he built the .l,\i\i-i), 
 his fust veiit'ire ill the Northwest. He remained in comniaiid nf the s- lluiiiier for two years and then sold her to San Iraucisen 
 parties, who operated her in the trade for winch she was ccllstructed, runninj^ to the .Saiulwich Islallils. .After sellinj^ the . / /vX'<; he 
 W.IS interested ill several other sailinji vessels i.ii the Sound, and lor a sliorl time ran the tii^ .S". /.. -IAm/Zc^'. His last marine 
 vc'iitiire was the purchase of the l'>ritisli bark . hr/trr, abandoned olT the coast of X'ancouver Island. The bark was towed into 
 l'!s(iiiniialt and sold at auction, Captain C.illiouii secured her and took her to Port Pbikely, where he spent nearly *2o,ooii reliltinj; 
 her and i,'eiiiii|; her in -h.-ipc to llv the .\meriean Ibif;. .She was completed ciirly in iSij, and is now in tlir eo.isting trade. Captain 
 Callaaiii is sii'.l a resident uf I'ort Townsend. 
 
 U'. A. I'^Uiott c.iiiie out on the / iihoiithrii- in iS^i, as second engineer, but took cKarLte of her eii,i;ines soon at'ur liir aiii\al. 
 He r< !'i lined with her until she w as lost, and was then tr.insferred to the steamer l)ltt'>\ where he was eiii^iiieer lor a period of twi'lve 
 year.., ;- ivin^ her to go on the /'t:u,rss /.oiiKt'. in which \essel he serve', liv/ years. During; his career he was emploved on all of 
 the sti oilers belonging to the Hudson's Hay I ompanv, and retireil from '- ,eir s^ rvice a few years alio, liter an uninlerrnpted term of 
 "ver I ciuy-six \e.irs as engineer on the coinp.ir.v "s steamers. 
 
 liavid Sti jiliens. engineer, is a native of .Scoll.'.nd, where he was born in iS^i .Mr. Stephens began his inaiine eareer on the 
 
 'itir ill i.Sb.'. .'iiid was riiiiiiitn.; ou 'hat steamer as third engineer at the time of her wreck in iSm6. at which time three lives 
 
 -•l He is still engaged in the business, .'iiid is at present on the steamer /^liihrss /.t'liisr. 
 b'lin II. ,SeoU, who was steward 011 the /.ii/ii'/ze//*'/'*' at the time of her wreck, is well known .ill o\er the Noilhwest. He 
 
 '■ m New Vork in iW^J, ami came to the iacilie Coast in 1S55, entering the service of the Ilndson's Hay Company soon after 
 
 ' il, and running on nearly all of their steamers. During the San Juan trouble lie was with Capt. Tom Vi'right on the />iiiii,i. 
 |>riseiil stewaid on the s earner /i iiii, and is alioiit the only one of the steamboatnien running out of Victoria in 1S5S who 
 111 tile service 
 
 Were 
 
 was ' 
 
 his, I 
 
 llel^ 
 
 i!l 
 
 'S 1 
 
 ill i 
 
 I 
 
 1 M'r 
 
 'S 
 
 
ffff 
 
 
 1 1 ■ , 
 
 
 1 i ' 
 
 , 
 
 
 ! 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 , 
 
 . 
 
 '■i 
 
 
 ■ 1 
 
 . i 
 
 154 
 
 I owln (J Drydcn'n Mnrinr Hialory of the Pnailic NnithwvHt 
 
 si'coikI CDiik : 'riiomas Cimu-rnii, liioliiiiii. Slii' li:i(l as cibiii pissoiini'is, U. II. Adams, U. II. J. Adams \\, \ 
 
 AUiMi, CalluiiiK- Oanoll, J. J. Ivvaiis, Mrs, ICvans, U, U. IKwliii, k. (lilliridc, Mis. (;m)ii<li', .loliii J 
 
 lllil'S, 
 
 JaiiKS, Iv Dirkcnsoii, J. ("■. Ilatl!., C. J. J< 
 
 J 
 
 j. I'. I,(ickic, M. (".lid(U-ii, J, (',. Mar.sliall, V. SylusUi, 
 
 Wilcox, Mrs. I'iiivvi'll, Mrs, J. Martin ittiil childtvii, |). A. IvdKai, and alioiit sixty in llii- stcuran^'' 
 
 'rill' I lawaiiaii l)ark Mtiiiiin k'ni, C'ai)laiii UuliiiisDii, "' (lom I'di I damlili' lot MoikIiiIm, was wtcckcd, NumiiiIh 
 ,Vilh, tii'ar Ijiialsiiici Smiiid W'iu'ii two liiiiida'd miles olT \\w Coliiinliia Uivii. N'uvrmhci i",lli, llic liaik wa 
 
 V mam and mi/vrii masls wi'tc ciil 
 
 thrown on lu r Ik am ends, and liur di'ck load was swi'pt ovctl)oanl. 'I'll 
 
 ami llu' vi'ssil iij;lilci|, but wms so Imllv wati-i lo>.',n,'d llial slu- diil'li'cl hclplcsslv lor liltiTn ilays, tlic crrw siillniiij. 
 
 tcirilily from I'xp isnrr and linnuii 'IMu- lurk at last iii'.iicd land and on tin- Iwcnly liftli sirnck iirar Koliiiin,, 
 
 till' west I'oast of V'anioiivii Island, and broke up in a virv sliott time, lirooks, 
 
 mil mat)', and Join 
 
 siainan, losing their livi's and the rest ol the eiew reaeliin^; shore, where they were seized hv the Indian 
 
 \\\v 
 
 hoped to seenre 
 
 ransom lor l.'ai)taiii Uohinson, 
 
 and lielil iii 
 
 homi 
 
 for 
 
 ll weeks, T 
 
 if the men ,il 
 
 made their wa\ to l'"orl knpei t and weie taken (lom thtii to \ietoria \t\ the seliooner ('m clli Caplani Namp 
 When they told ot the eaplivily ot their lomiades, Ihe liiili^li steamship S/'iini>u' I hia-k was sent to the lesi i 
 
 1. 
 
 iou^;lil d'lWii Ihe remainder ol the eievv. 'I'lie Afiiinid l\i;i w:i'- 
 lormeil> the .\meriean hark Minii , which had arrived in XkIoii.i 
 in i.Hii.( with a cai^;o of Chinese passen^e's, and was liluli .1, i., 
 
 the 
 
 iiseiiniiiees of which the C 
 
 iptaiii sli 
 
 pped 
 
 sailed over In I'ort 'rownseiid, whcic Ijii- ve'.sel was sulisei|iiriill\ 
 
 sold and placed nililer the II; 
 
 iwanan 
 
 III 
 
 The .\ineiicaii liiirk 
 
 A/ic.liiiii;, Ca])tain Tol 
 
 hoin San l'"iaiicisc(i lor Vicloria, uilli mn 
 
 hnndied and seventy tons o! ^;eneral merchandise, \ 
 laiiiiary Jist, on the west coast of \'aiicoii\'er Island 
 
 Sir 
 
 ,ailnl 
 
 fioin San I''ramisci 
 
 aimary i.illi, and on the twenty first. 
 
 dense fo^;, struck a leef Ileal Schooner I' 
 
 with such fi 
 
 lose 11 
 all rea( 
 
 .1 1< 
 
 ave her resting on the -.am 
 
 ith 
 
 Tl 
 
 d shoii' in safelv and at low tid 
 
 lid walk almost In lli' 
 
 liark with di v feet. 
 
 Th 
 
 ev remaiiiei' in the vicinity of Ihe wreck lu 
 
 cinlil days, ami 
 
 till 
 
 It to \i 
 
 Ha 
 
 The A/iisliiiii; wa 
 
 \oik vessel ol three hnndied and thiitv two tons register, and w:i 
 
 insnicd for 5i.S.' 
 
 Her cai>;o, valued at $<• 
 
 and owned 
 
 by Victoria (.'hinainen. was iiniiisiited. The bark /:/lii /■i.inii. 
 t'aptaiii Hull, from I'ort ( )rehard for San I'rancisco, was ahantlnmil 
 l''ciiruaiy slh, eij^hty miles sonthwcsl of Cape Classell. The Imik 
 sailed from I'ort Oichaid, Jamiaiv |lli, with two hnndied tlioiiMiiil 
 
 feel of liimbei and nilielv piles lor A 1' Ciliddcii. ami 
 
 iiiet 
 
 I>A\lli KinUNWIN 
 
 succession of simtlieiiy nales until January idtli, when, in laliladi 
 
 .| 1 iilif' lonKilnde ijs . she met with an niiiisiially severe hiirinaiii 
 
 iiiK beloic it under hale poles she spiiuiK a leak, wdiicli continued to ^aiii on lliein until I''elirnai\ ,lli 
 
 While s 
 
 wdien, with six feet of water in the hold and the crew exhaiisleil ifler twelve days at the 
 
 th 
 
 ev well- lull 
 
 to atmndon lui and wi ii 
 
 bs the liritifh shiji /-.'i,' '■'"'. Caiilain h'.vans, olV the haialloiii s, l-'cbi i 
 
 and traiisfei led to the pilot lioat l'-nni\\ which 
 
 took them to .-ian iMam isco the next d 
 
 .\nioiij; deaths ol iiiaiinc men in isi.i, is iccoidiil that of Ca]il, William Dall, who bioiiKhl the ste: 
 
 (iilniiihiii to I'oillaiid on her first tiip. l'a| 
 
 ilaiii Hall died in New N'ork (."itv. May .'Jil. At X'icloii.i, Al 
 
 K. liorthwick, a well known engineer, passed away No'.eniber iitll, aneil tliiit\ six vcais. and al h;si|iiiiii:ill 
 
 Ajiril Jisl, John It'-aidin, chief engineer of II I! \l . steamship ,S/i,(; 
 
 //((,.'/, a>;iil lliiily four ycais. 
 
 ■I;l| 
 
 it. D.iviil Koliinsnii, (>( I'liri r>:uiil)lc 
 
 me 111 till- anivalt in iW/;, 
 
 MIIIMH^ 
 
 (llr sill 
 
 MiiilH', Indii ill lleir-ist III lH^7 
 
 , III. 
 
 I [e IS a 11.11 1 
 
 lie Weill Willi llii' /liovH/ 111 China /IS seriMiil iii.»<r, anil on tier irliiin imniil llicliiiik lUiUnll : 
 
 \\ niasln i.( llii- l.irki-nlinr loH'liliilwii. linn mi Hie liiiik Niilluy 
 
 III 111 lllr llau.i 
 lii'lil 
 
 liaik M,i 
 
 ' iicilnin^; \s\ 
 
 111 III 
 
 nnlil slir ^.\ 
 
 lis. I'.ikl 
 ckril nil Vaili 
 
 .mil, .illi'i liaviii^ In-i liml 
 IsImhiI, III wlliili Mini 
 
 liv llic Initniiei Ann vcfllin^^ liark In ru-ili/ilnm (vvn ninitliH liilcr, In- nssninnl rlMrj;r nt Iti- liinl- 
 
 Kuilslh'll. ri'iiiaiiiiii^; willi liei line vise, wlirn lie went nil llie nfl link ( iiiiilii. wlin li 1 
 
 limk Hie link likivi 
 tniiiiin^ lln- lulli-i 
 
 lel Inl I'liillleen llliinllls, iinil sniisr (llelll K 
 
 iiliil lin llinleen yi'Mls. Ili llim 
 i.iinleil Mil- li.nkrnlHli-s l\li,klUil Mv\ h'^'Jf' 
 
 •.I''. 
 
 .1-1 liir liilli veal'., unlit slie w.l.s InsI ill l.S.Sd, ami is .11 pii'si'lll iin 111!' li.nki-lltilli- Sl;,ii:il (see Wleek iil A 
 
w^^ 
 
 H^-^i 
 
 ( IIAI'II'K \III. 
 
 I'.i j'li T i)i- Alaska I'i mirAsn un Making liisiNuss Tiii' Si'i.amsiiii' " I'di.n'Kdi'SKv " Cumiunation ni' 
 SiiiAMsmi' Ini'kkhsts 'I'riii "Ihaiiii" and " (."ai.ti okma " C'nwi.nv Sri;A m Naxh'.atihn 
 C'dmi'Anv 'I'lii'; " Ni'. 1' W'iPKi.n" ON l'i(.i:'i' Sihnu <'ii;av's IIakiihk S'i'i: wii'.ks " Ciiiui \i.is " anh 
 
 " I' AKKIl', DWIS" W'HI'CK (II' TIIH "W. II. Sl'K A Nl'i IN " 'rill. W 1 1 I.A M liT'l'IC I'AI.I.S (.'ANAI. AND 
 I.MCKS (.'llMI'ANV S'I'liAMI'KS " Si 'ITI'SS " AMI "Al, HANS'" 'Pllh', "T, S, duANT" UN 'I'llli Il.WACO 
 lOil I'l; Ni:w S'l'HAMI'KS un I'TCI'T SlHNIi lidll.Hli l''.M'l,ns|iiN ( iN 'I'lll-, " U I'Sl ll.l "I'l; " STI'.AMHK 
 " K AMI.linl'S " ('(lASTIM', lM.|.',i:'r III' [SdS (.'(II.IMIIIA Ul\l',K''S I'lKST ( '. U \ I N \' I.SSI'.l, I'.NKKA'I'UV 
 
 r \si'. Ill- •I'm SriiiHiNi'.K " liAii.Ks " Cai'T. j. 1 1. Waukin's Hat'i'M'. with Xnin'iii'.KN Inihans 
 W'kiu'k 111' Till'; l'Ni'ri;ii S'i'\'i'h;s S'i'i-amsiiii' " Sru annhh " ami ( )'i'iii'.i( X'l'.ssh.i.s ()ui.i.iin Si'ham 
 \ w II. \i'iiiN CiiMi'ANS l'A"i'|.;i;s TliK iMi.i.ii UN l'i'i.i:'i' Sui Nn S'i'i'A \i I'.ws "(livMriA" AMI "Ai.iha" 
 
 'I'm; '('iissii': Ti'Maik" 'riimi.i.iNi, I'nh m •I'lii; CtrNiinA'i" " Im)i;u \i;i) " 'I'l i; "Asiukia" 
 N'miciii l'Ai'ii':c Tk ANsi'iiirr \ I'KiN (."ii\ii-\n\ \I i i<i'i;i;'s \i:u N'ukk I.im-: m' Smi.im. \'i;ssI';i,s 'riii' 
 " JiiiiN HiMi.iiT" W'ki iKi''. ii anii l.'i;i'\\ Ml K'ii;.i;iji Tin', I lr.i;i'.i.K"i' "M\ui\ j. S-Mi'i'ii," 
 
 \Tjtel8Stb, 1 SSI AS iLlll'-lil 111 Al,l-.1<:| 111 llli' rililnl SI. Ill'-, ill iXli'; r\l\.\\y\ii\ Mil- llrlil ill IIIMI illc 
 
 I Hi/j!' ii|ii.'r:iliiiii'' ill lllf Niillli I'ai'ilii', ;mil, wliilr il w.is sivcr:il yl'.'ll^ lii'lnii- tlii' v;iliir nl llii' 
 
 C: ::::.'^<(' m-wly :iii|iliriii Irniliiiy hcr:iiiic :i|i|i:urnt. tin- icslilliiij; luisiiit-ss \v:is ul rinisiilciiililo 
 
 v\\ iii:i).;iiiliiiU- riiiiii llic sl;iil. Tin- 1 1 .iiislci vviis iiiinlc- < )rliiliii iKlJi liv Illc ri'pn'Si'ntiilivcs 
 
 111 llii- tun V'.hmI ll:iliiiiis, .iiiiiilst :is iiuirli s|il<ii(li ii as was |iiissililc in tli.il laiaw.'iv lailil. 
 
 (."a|itaiii I'l'li-isiliiiH arliil I'm llic Uiissiaii ( ',ii\ ci iMiiriil am! ( "icmi.il Kmissi-.'iii loi llir 
 
 II liultil SlaUs, ami al .{ ;''!' ^i 'ln' Kii^siaii lla^; was luwinil, lu-vi-i In lie nlliiiallv 
 
 "^ f r% vji i.iisiil aj.',aiii on .Alaskan lriiilnr\. (Jiiik' a llci-l nl ( iiivri iitiuill vi-ssils assiinlilcil al 
 
 ,■>_;' '-Vk> * SilUa. aiiiniiK lliiiu Illc new ship .Uii/ii,,ni. Iliiii nn lici liisl \ isil In tlicsc wal< rs, wliii li 
 
 '.--%- '.' ^, f^ sill- is still ti.ivcisiii^; allci a lapse nllliii Iv M lis Tin- ,I/.i///<if//, mii- nf tin- licsl kiinwii 
 
 ..;«SB^"/- ( 'idMi niiiciM vessels tliat evei appi .in il in tlie Xmlliwesl, aiiiMcl in San l''i.'ineiseii in 
 
 JiiU. i.'iii;, having saileil riniii Knstcin in Septeinlier, l'^l■'. Her liisl nllieeis mi this 
 
 iii.i'-l ueir Ivluaiil Sinipsnn, emiini.inilei ; ( '. W. llaswaiil, lieiilenant rniinii.inili i : J. Rnss. ai tin^; inasUi ; 
 
 II. \l i-.Mii, rhii I ciiKiiiei'i ; S. Inanj;. liisl 
 
 .isMsl:iiil . J. C I.ewis, scrniid assistant ; y'^IH^"'' 
 
 • 'i 1,1 WIS, third assistant, (illui I'niteil 
 Stall \rssels ,it Sitka when tin iiaiislei 
 W.ls 111, nil- weie the (hsl/'i,' and h\^il,,l, 
 liisi'li sevilal lepn-sent.-itives nl the met 
 ' liaiil iiiaiine \ lliis iiei|iiisiliiin lias 
 pi'ivrd III. mnst pinlitalile nl aiu lliade li\ 
 llir I lulrd Slate.s ( 'nni i iiiin nl in nr.iil 
 veai ., .1 liMi-l iliniessicin IS mad.' In explain 
 lillssi.i'', nwileiship and leasnns liii seMinj; 
 " \'alti.ihle a pnssessinii. 
 
 In llir I aiU pail nl the ll);llli riith 
 " iilni \ \'iliis lieiiii);, at that liiiir niie nl 
 '111 I I l.iiiinns navinalnis III tile Udi Id, 
 WIS . .aiinissiniieil In retir tlieCiiiat In 
 asnilini wllethei the ennlineilts nl .\sia 
 mil A I' lira \Vi|e line 111 wei livided li>.- 
 «':iti 1 I'lcijnn linilt liis vessel .it K.'iineliatka and spriil siwial veais emisiiij; almij; the inast. in tin miirse 
 "I *\' Il lie disenveud HeiiiiK Stiait. and Se.i, and sailed iiitn ih. .Virtu lai alin\e I'mnt Itaimu tin his 
 
 •»^«' . 
 
 
 41. \, 'ilHtVV I .< . II \t' \ MO I I \<^ I r I' 
 
II 'i 
 
 .1 : ! 2 
 
 :i'i 
 
 11 
 
 156 
 
 Li^wia cf Dryduna Marino History of tho Pacific Nortliwvst 
 
 rt'tiini Id KiMiiclKilk.i lu' li-iiniid tli.il Toter the Oiual was ikad, l)Ul his suctisso 
 
 11 was ili'Sifoiis 111 ( iiiiliniiiii); 
 
 llu- c-xplc.ralioii as ()ii^;iiially plaiiiicd ; so he a^jaJTi set sail, lakiiij; an easterly course which led him 
 
 Al 
 
 clitian Islands and the Alaska peiiiiisiila, neither 
 
 vhlch were sighted htcunse his vessel was ti 
 
 |MSI tW 
 
 . I;ir i.ll 
 
 shore, 'I'he lirsl lanil that met his ^;a/.e was a very hinh inonntain, which he christened in honor of Si Iv 
 of the olil Creek Chnrch, havin^; lirsl si^hled the snowcapped landniaik on that saint's festival, Aflep iu;ik 
 
 liricf exaiMinalion of the newh' discovered lenitory, lierin^; started west a^;ain anil on the way ili 
 
 I 
 
 •vircil 
 
 the Aliiilian Islands, which he had missed on his onlward \oya)"e, and in crnisiiij' anion^ them was shipuiiiknl 
 
 losine hi-, lift 
 
 His cxploiations had ^;i\en Unssi 
 
 I a very 
 
 ery clear title to the 
 
 region, and ni dne se.ison a [iiM 
 
 was established at Sitka, and for many yi .ns the 
 niininf^, fur and fishinK industries paid tiilaite tn 
 the C/.ar, When the Hudson's Hay Company V!.i- 
 in the hei>;ht of its ^;lory. in the Norlliwesl, U siu 
 ceedeil in effeeliun a lease of the trailing :inil Innitiii;; 
 privileges in southern Alaska al an ainnial leiiliil 
 
 .f $i< 
 
 per yea 
 
 r, till 
 
 igreeniinl n iuauuii({ in 
 
 force until it was purchased by the United Stalls 
 
 At the linx 
 much alaini 
 and. will) a 
 
 )f Ihe Crimean War, Kussia liLr 
 
 d lesl 
 
 '.nglanil sliou 
 
 Id 
 
 .Maskii 
 
 I iew of avi-rlMig this appropiialion, llu- 
 l\us-,iau ,\Iinisleral U'ashingloii nlfcud Ihi' Iciriliir} 
 to the Uuileil Stales for the sum of $s,""<>i"" 
 James K. I'olk was President al llu- time, ami, as 
 Texas had just been annexed, he refused to cmisiilti 
 
 If 
 
 e |)roposilion to nicrease our possession 
 
 'fl 
 
 i|U!sUi)n was reniucd dniin),; the Civil V\'ar, but, ;is Kussia no longer leaied Ivngland, llic price was aiKani'iil In 
 
 ^7.' 
 
 vvilli ,ni a 
 
 Iditliilia 
 
 #-" 
 
 •IS a recompense to llie 
 
 Muds 
 
 sons May Company for its bilililingi al 
 
 .Sitka and olln 1 poiuN in ,\laska. The vigoious opposition lo the consummation of the pun base by Anieriiiiii 
 
 newspapers prevented the closing of the bargain until I.S'17. and fully 
 
 ipsei 
 
 ;-loie lis iiiipiiilaiii 
 
 was billy re.ili/ed, A famous ■specimen of Unssiaii marine arihileiluie which is still in exisleiue 1 aim- umiii 
 
 tile ,\iuciii.iu lla 
 
 g Willi Ibc Iraiisl'i. 
 
 She w: 
 
 slill liaiiiliiai 
 
 I'ith Ihc name /''////r'/i/ i , am! 
 
 built ,il Silka III isi.i 
 
 if hewn Alaskan 
 
 She was 
 
 lilted with a vir 
 
 > expensive 
 
 i-r boili I :ill<l 
 
 stiiplc ciinipiiuiid iiigine-,, inanufaclun d iii liallimnn- This vessel snbsei|iiently passed into the li.iinl 
 the Alaska Commercial Company, Captain .Niebaum,' a I 
 llie sleannr, being one of ibe ollirials of llu 
 
 oinier olticer o 
 
 jf 
 
 irporation which purchased 
 e -.teamed douii lo N'liloiia 111 charge of Capl, William Kohl, 
 a.inonncing her appearance Ihe Victoria ( c/i'w/v/ of Ajiiil .'j. 
 
 iHli.s 
 
 'Sitkil Ml, I) well l.c ptoilil III llel niMlille ,il t'llilei I IIM 
 
 I,. 
 
 Tile ^leaMll•r /i'////('/sX'l' 
 ellili' 
 
 , oiii' '.I llif iiio'.t inii^iiitiri'iil spfejint-ns ol Inane iiiiitie 111, nine urrliiieeliire we have 
 et JH-llelil. She looks as If she Iiiiil liet II tliriiwll lii^ether iUler tliilk hy all ItlflliHl ship 
 
 i-iiter. witli sliii 
 
 le I. 
 
 Ills 
 
 III'! 
 
 illlp(ill\'s •■teatller. wllhli w,is wie 
 
 engines are y\nt» 
 
 I iiiid were joriiieil^ in ;i Hiissiaii liti 
 
 kill 
 
 Silk.i 
 
 line veins iij^ii 
 
 Her li'ilh r is 
 
 eii|iper and is iilmie wuilli lite pure i .iplaiii Kfihl pan! Inr the whole eon 
 hear she is lo he rt Imilt , she liee'ls 11. 'I'o he appreeiateil she imisl he seen " 
 
 C'aiilaiii Kohl relinked llu- boiler on arrival al San biain 
 
 lid it fill 1 
 
 ll'iH' lllail 
 
 111! 
 
 lurchase price of the iiiliie crafl. Alter a leu 
 
 ihaiiges bad been made. Ihe steamer was (lisposed of lo .\Ieiggs the sawmill 
 man, who sent her back lo Ihe Sound, and in coinmaiid ol Captain (iiiindon 
 she Weill to work as a lowlioat nearly twenty five >ears ago. Steaineis 
 well- Mill pleiililul on the Sound ill those days, and, wdieii the /■Ji.-n 
 . hii/' / uiii occasionally laid up loi lepaiis, the /'c/Zi . as she was called, was 
 
 piessed llllo sei vice 
 
 any tin 111:1 
 
 il. In 
 
 she was lioii).;lil b\ I )i-xlei 
 
 lloili 
 
 ■V C. 
 
 il Seattle lor Js.yi". ''ud afterward passed iiilo the hands 
 
 ol llie rml lllakely .Mill Company, her |iiesenl 
 
 C 
 
 uiniloii was 
 
 W 11 II M Kii 
 
 as Ml.lslel 
 
 b 
 
 I apt. nil 
 
 W 
 
 ilsoii, lln two 
 
 l.ilib 
 
 Selby , Williamson. Cleiieiit':, Sniilli, 'I'lioiins Kili'iii. 
 
 'C;ipl. I.llsliive .Nieliillllll, n plonillteni li^nre in ihe llhiline lillsliuss llfinstel leil lo Ihis lonnliy wall (he pun I e "I 
 
 Ahiskii, was hoMi in l-'inlaii'l in iS.u, ,ia>l lie^',ih siiitin^ oiil ol I'roiisiielt on it liri^ when a lioy. Me eaiiie lo Sitkii in iS^S ' 1 it' 
 
 hark S.i/>/tif . Ii/i t<iiiti\ (heii iiseil as a siippU ship loi llie I.: iissiaii Ainei lean roin)iitii\ , .1111 1 leiiiaineil in the it set vice ntilil ^iski 
 
 her, line the )iropell\ ol lite I niteil Stales, ali-l w lute then lie 1. 1 the posil Ions ol mile ,iiel III. isle I <iit sevel al \es>,i Is helolt^illi > llx 
 
 IS 111! pa a \ . .intiin^ it lent Ihe Iiii^s ( tni\htiitini' ami \lh lUotl, ami llie ships ( 'uin'i'ifs and k'tiith fi'iU-ti When Ihe ten itiir\ w .' '•' 
 
 ill cunjiiiii lion Willi olheis In- hoiif^hl the liiiv; < 'nit\hiiilitii\ and ^oiii^( to S,iii hritneisi o eoinnieii' e.l liiisiness iiinler the lirti , nn' 
 
 lit Ilitirliin^on. Kohl .V Co. atteiwanl iiieoi jioi.inn^ as llie M.iska roniniiMeial i'oiii|iany. ol wliieli L'aiilaiii Niehiiiitii I 'iiH' 
 \ n e presiileni, ami tor Ihe p.tsi twi iil\ live \r.iis has liinl i li.iiio of all Iheit -, tupping inletests 
 
 ' L'upt. 'I'holllas Islllon w.is tmin in .^l.line in l^).)>), iiikI he^an rollowlll}' Ihe sea when .1 lio<, on Ihe Allalllie Cii,'i' H' 
 
 cotintluiit'eil hteaiMhoittui|> in the Northwest ill Seattle, 111 ih6iy, on the Hleaiuer ' fillip iiiii) allerwunt ran on the steaineis J\ttti ^^^c 
 
'. ;.ir 
 
 I 
 
 flu: Alimkn I'un.lrMi:, Advunt o/' M.ni^ I liic Hlfiimi^iH on I'l/yri oniiinl 
 
 '57 
 
 ,,i„| „||, , I'liilip V';m Tiissell ' was one of lii-r (ii>.t eliniilucrs al'lor slie went to Ihe Soniiil, and was loIlDweil liy 
 Corildii 1 (Iralit,' l''ialik Sargent, Martin I'aiip, Williamson, ' the Sl>ie,-.ekes, ami olliers. Al picsenl tlie sleaniii 
 i?, ma i Ca|)t. I'lank Sniilli and Ivn^inii-i ( ). Spiesekc, |i. The I'olh has luc n a honan/a lor tin- marine 
 
 reporters on the I'oail, and lor sears has I'nrnishecl ii ^umI nnmlier and 
 variel) ()l news items. 'I'he latest eUnsion in her honor appeared a 
 lew months a^o in a 'i'aeoma papei and is jepiodm eil : 
 
 TIk 
 
 P 
 I'lijl lll.>kd\ Mill eiini|iiiiis I-. Ilii jiMiu^l umih r nt i> Kiism.iii 
 
 ^tinliital, wliii'l) tliij'ilii-s Its \\a> (111 
 
 .'li I III 
 
 all walcis 
 
 ,1 I'l 
 
 111!' iiaiiii- 111 I'uhlkiihl'y- It IS 11 I liiiiisv, sniili m 
 does not (lit IMIK-Il III a limine ill statistics (IcvDtcil (n liiiiiii 
 
 •I S.MIII.I 
 
 i.lr 
 
 iiialler nt laiM, 11 IIil' I'uhtkiillv sliinilil stiik 
 
 '<l »hl SHil'WiKM'h'l, 
 
 slli|>{>lll;.S iti 
 
 llic- I'lihlknlskv 
 
 V, iiiiii-t\ nine |a 
 
 mil ol line In 
 
 e a siia^ a 
 
 ml 
 
 'Ihi' li.ial Ih 
 
 iW si-I \rs 
 
 III! In ollicl iilnl inuM 
 
 llilo 
 
 iilnil would ; 
 I liiK> lail tin 
 
 I'll hink ilt IIk' hiKil as It 
 
 ilnl 
 
 As 
 
 ill III!' Iiiilliiin 
 
 • What I In- .l.llii- IS 
 uis a I jiiif u III- II 11 
 
 wllcf/illj^ allil llolinili-lin^ aliill^', 
 
 td takf all iialll thai a stloli^ mall VMtll a sharp ax eonhl make klllillin^ wii'nl 
 
 Will- 
 lall III llj^s ill liiw, \l>>l Wiilllil la- Hlillli^; 
 
 (if it III shdll mill- 
 
 I.onv 
 
 III! 
 
 I'll, 11 Mill ciilllil have sci-ii the /i(/;//i./ Xl 
 
 yiill \M 
 
 iiM In 
 
 lln.iij'ht ilillciiiilh 
 
 ThiiU 
 
 als liai k she was mil 
 
 lllc I /a I" (il Kilssni. all 
 
 ■il 
 
 ill liill^ 
 anil ti 
 
 alaih'il Ihi' il('( k, anil al least 
 
 III al inainenl nl Imii v^iilis 
 
 I'iiiie II 
 
 Ki' 
 
 le hitll 
 
 K VI 
 
 iilka 
 
 !'■ 
 
 'I I 
 
 iiinil, the I, 
 
 heln 
 
 i-k priest |>i 
 
 ■ ivnil salt 
 
 lull III 
 
 il Im Ihe 
 
 ^relit C'/al, anil Ihe (lew llevel olli (- (lleanii-il thai the ila\ wiiiilil i-itinc when 
 tlleii gallant little slilewheeler wiillhi he llseil ill tnwlll^ hi^s Im an .Aineinan 
 
 Mill. 
 
 Ill I an 
 
 III hie III liiv,l.'i IS 
 
 MllK |.l 
 
 ^lll 
 
 es, illieil apples, llinil. Iiealls, pi 
 
 il.al.lv linn 
 
 .1 kl 
 
 111 iilhi 
 
 . Ihe U'hite ( /.Il ami h 
 
 ll\e nil leV( lem (' 
 
 fi.I Ihe ^'leat Kllsslan elllpl 
 
 rillliil Slate 
 
 sill 
 
 ■M.lska 
 
 The /',.////■,./■,/ I' passeil llilii the h.illils 1)1 the 
 sllippeil III Its ailin 
 
 iiili liasi il, anil I. Ill 
 
 I, when 
 
 im-nt, il he. 'aim- the jiidpt-ity (il the I'nrt Itlakely .Mill I'liinjiany. It isn't iiineli 
 III a ^imhiiat iiiiw, nuii'Ii ailmit, lint il is lining eivih/.ilinii a la-tter 
 
 li.wiiiK liiHs 
 
 tin 
 
 In .hsli 
 
 III ki 
 
 seiviel- III 
 
 Till 
 
 to 
 
 steamship war which r.incd s.i ItiiioiisU llnoiijdi isi.o i nnii- 
 sii(l(l(-n end (ail\ in 1.SO7, and the (.'alih.i iiin Sli-aiii .Xnviealinn 
 
 Cai-i . I in.MAs K Jl.lliS 
 
 Company, tin- (.' diloi iiia, (nexon i^' 
 Mexico Steainshiji (.'omiian 
 
 and Ihe 
 
 .\iiilim 1,11 
 
 ititrollinv; to^;elher ten sidewhiel sleaniships and si.x propell 
 
 iiiiieil h.iri s, Ihe (oiiilii nation allerw.ird lieeoininj.', the .N'oilh IVk ilii Tianspoi talion 
 
 l Diiiji; 
 
 rralin^; 
 
 the 
 
 steainshi|is 
 
 .-;-// 
 
 loliii I.. Sl,/,/i, 
 
 .1/.. 
 
 /i/i/i- 
 
 (hilliiiiiiiif. On.iihii. /'iiii/ii, I'liiiiiiiKi , Siihiloi, Siiiiii ,\'i , itil'i . l/iii. ( ii/i/ni iim , 
 
 i'unliiii iiliil, (il/.wi/' /1//11/1, Itiiiliii, .\toiiliiiui and I'llimh 
 
 The n,l A'l 
 
 1 1, was al 
 
 nil lite list until lost ill i.so.H. 'IMie immediate cause ol Ihe consolidation was tin 
 .inival (il the new steamship /ilulio, which reinloiccd I'atton's .Xiiihor Line, so 
 dial, with Ihc Iwo 11. w vessels, he was in ;i lair was lo se( nic the InilU ol i1k- 
 liUslliess, even Ihoiij^li rales were cut to .1 \eiy low lijMiie. The hlnho 111. id(- mic 
 liip lo Portland in I'allon's service, alrivill^; .M.ikIi i/lh, Inil wlnii sin- Kiiiincd lo 
 
 iliniied her 
 iiiiiiit and 
 
 S;iii p'raiicisco was transferred to I lolladay and his assoi iales, win 
 
 nil llie lolite, and the .U(ii//<i>ici \\:\s teiiipoiaiily wtthdiaun. 'I'hc (li///, 
 
 llie little Cii/i/oniiii win 
 
 inninLi lo .\lask;i 
 
 111. 
 
 y.'' 
 
 ltd 
 
 il III tin 
 
 ' voya^i 
 
 •s lo .Maska. Ililnic lln 
 
 year, and the /o/ni /.. S/i/>/iiii\ also made twi 
 
 cDiiiproiiiise was ellccli-d, the (.'aliforiiia Steam Navigation Compativ had lucii opeialin;', the in u pmpi lli 1 .l/iii 
 
 III the iiorlhein liadc. 
 
 She was a icn-iil .iriisal 110111 lln- l-.asl and li.id made Iwo \'isils In I Iniioliiln in Ihe 
 
 /'n/M/,/,, ///•;,/ ./«,/,,„.«, /,'//! I .III H'lii/./,. //i.i,/.. 
 
 Ill nih. 
 
 He wa 
 
 .niinaml nl lln 1 , lil,i in 1.' 
 
 ^hl 
 
 II 111- w ;is einpl 
 
 .1 
 
 |i. I Ml. i\. smile piles ill I \ ell nil lami 1 lai me. I lis Ml, l).iile\ , w In le s. 1 i|i ilim, nil. lei I he .1 II ei 1 il .\Mmllev MeN.ill^;lll . In- vi .is In ei| 
 
 nil, lull InltllllJllely esi apeil wllhnllt s. innis lll)lllv. lie 
 
 C;i|il.iiii Kiltiin was master nl Ihe sU-aim-r /■.V/:;i/ . ///i/<-( >" 
 111 M.illai.l, VV'.ish. 
 
 ■I'lnlip Vail T. 
 
 .1 .iiiesli .1 l.v Shi-nll .Ml 1 1 
 
 lull the 
 
 aim- III til..! 
 
 H w Inn sill- was se 
 
 ei/eil Ia I'lilli I Im lleei hel III I .' 
 
 I" 
 
 lilt 11 
 
 ell, 11 
 
 III' tail Inl Ih 
 lilllljMlK iipl 
 
 l^lneel, w.ls 
 
 hnrll 
 
 als lielweell S.lll I'lilln is 
 
 III P. 
 
 Ill lS.|l , all 
 nil Ihe '.le.il 
 
 il .'.mil- III San hi am is 
 
 .1/,. 
 
 /./I/.K ami. 
 
 \lii 
 
 iSSi nil 111! 
 
 Ip 
 
 the Wesli III I imiii 1 1 
 
 ateil the (,' 
 
 S. Il'iw/l/ 
 
 I'l.ilh 
 
 /I,'/;/ in I niiiiei limi with tlnii Silieiian leh-Hiapli s. Iieiin , .Ml. Van T.issi-ll weiii wilh 
 er, lelllaillillK ill thai serviei- eiKhl(-en iniillllls, ami nil Ills rellirn |iillieil Ihe sti-alllsliip < lliX""l'l". sinlin|i la-lwi 
 
 ill I'. 
 
 allni. A year later he went In Pll^el Siillml ; 
 
 III 1,1 
 
 till \i-als, .11 
 
 it snhseipienlU iiiinin^^ th 
 
 >;ail iniilim^ 1 
 
 ■ii^im-er mi the steiiiiii-i htlttknl-.ky, re- ihim,^ 
 
 -amei Witlh I'.hiiii I'll the liiliei ami in llu- sirrviee nl tht- iiu^m 
 
 Itailw r. ,V .S'.iviK.ilinn 1 .iinpain lie . .niiinm'.l Im Iwehe vrais, ami when llie\ leim .1 limn I'lutiel Smiml eniereil Ihe empl-n nl ihe 
 
 I'.li'llii \a 
 
 l^;ati(lll (.'miipaiiy, with wlimii lie is still 1 nuaneil 
 
 iliml 
 
 .illeiv 
 
 iliill I'. 
 
 (■■laiit, eiinim-er, (il Vi( toriii, II (.'., was horn in Nova Scot 111 iii |S| 5. Hi sei^cil his apjireiitn 1 ship al lllnlilav as 
 
 iml 
 
 liner nl llie steamer ( /;./!/ Mr Iheii went In the I'aeiln t'nasl wmkeil Im ,1 liiiii in the slinps al I'nr' •l.iinlilr 
 
 ilU 
 
 : till 
 
 .-leann-r /i'///.| 
 
 l-riiin there In 
 
 lit tn I'ntt .Made. 
 
 id lall lln -.Il Hllier /'.i/z/Xii/ /i Im lli^.- 
 
 \liiie \ .111 'rassell wis in the I <-i, and iliiiin^ thai linn 
 
 .Mkinsiin .Mill m 'I'ai nma, he Wenl In Vn imia 111 is-/ ^. lilted lip Ihe iild \ nil 
 
 elhallleil llel inlllpUleU Attel wmklll^ Im .t 
 
 aie.l . 
 
 .1 nil the (I'liiftf-'i 
 
 I.I lli\/ti>i .S'/ii/>,' 1111I1I isxi., when III 
 
 I I 
 
 niilil iS'/'i, 
 
 .11 III the 
 II. was 
 
 III (III llle .S/( /iltHt-\ /"liUl^Itt 111 lS.,1 lie W.IS S(-llt In Si (itl.iml 
 
 l!ie sleainer tiitilthit tn the I'aeilie I'naMl , 
 
 III has hceii •all her ever sin. 1 hn-r iimviil. 
 
 I lines I'. Willninismi III I'ml (.aiiiliU- washmii m Muiiii- in i.s^i, ana im In-.- .11 rival on tin sinniiil in iKfis, 1 
 
 lli'ellhf issued m* I'n^et smnnil, 
 
 lime 
 
 nil llie (ilil lil^ (fill-, H'.(U,i. Ill iHr)H lie look olll the Inst xaKlli 
 
 d 
 
 III In 
 
 iitllllleil ll'.linill); nil the ( i(/<\ * ,i//v-» , \l,'m\y, IKIIII llel In tJM I inllllll. <0K-n Uk relllainnl Itiui \eals He «,is slllise(|llelltK 
 
 I nil tin- sl(-.iiii(-i fa: 
 
 'f, tint dller a few tiimiilis tiinrrr nittriid Irmii'iii- 
 
 ttllil 1 'ill serving iih eliif-i riigiiirfr. 
 
 «• Kiilil is<,i, wIk-ii he |iiin.-d tin inn Yait 
 
1 M 
 
 1 I 
 
 >.ss 
 
 I (iwis fjl Drydnn's Marino History uF the. Pucilic NortlmcM 
 
 service of the ('()m])Miiy, heiiij; siilise(|iii'iillv sent nortli !is ii cotii-.ter nttnictiDli to ihv A/oi/iiini. Tlun was n,, 
 eliaiine in llie ])eisoMnel ol the iiiasteis on the ocean sleaniships in ixdy, anil ainon^ tlieni Captains Chi is |)i,l| 
 J. R. Kelly, Metz),'er. Holies, VViiisor, Thorn, Scholl, Conner I'li,'! (".odfrey were the liesl known. Messrs, Wiioijs 
 Winnint;, Mannie,' Ilawley, ( lilel and others, who afterwani iiecanie well known iiiHineers, were scuiiij; m 
 (lifTerenl ea|)acilies on these steamers. 
 
 The steamship A/d/io was hnilt at Hath, Me., in iHM 
 
 Jarvis Tallon, who sent the steamer .U,'ii/iiii 
 
 to the Coast the iirecediny; year. She was an exceedingly well hnill vessel, oak, 
 yellow piiu.' and hackmatack eiileriiin into her I'onslrnction, and is said to have cost 
 
 )|t2,S<), 
 
 She went directly to the I'acihc Coast, and comnieiKed rnnninn north in 
 
 March, i>^(<y, continninv; in the trade lielween San hiancisco and all ports of 
 
 importance as far .is Alaska lor over twenty years, wi 
 
 th tl 
 
 le exception 
 
 I" 
 
 in the Ilonoluln tradi, where she was handled hy Cajitain I'loyd 
 
 )l a short 
 1(1 
 
 Ivngineer Ilawley.'- In 1875 she was transferred, with the rest of the llolladay 
 
 (leel, to (iooiliill. Nelson iSi Co. 
 
 d lemaiiied in their servi<e and that of their 
 
 .successors until i.sss, when she was chailcrci 
 Company, who lost her the following \iar 
 
 iV llie 
 
 Oienon Railway iS: Xavij^ali 
 
 iiH \iar on Race Rocks, near X'ictoria. When 
 Cornwall put the dniil A'i/>ii /•//'/( n\ the northern route as an opposition steamer, the 
 
 I (ill ho 
 
 was started out as a 
 
 liaser," sailing a few 
 
 later 
 
 111; 
 
 her 
 
 competitor 
 
 ind 
 
 <arryin;; |)asseii^;ers 
 
 at i^i 
 
 anil 
 
 Z"®^ 
 
 .S7SII. wliiU' the steamer thai sailed with 
 the k'ipiih/ii WIS ohlinid 10 acte|)t whatever 
 
 .,11., t I .,,, 1I I J I I'lMJII' \'.\N 'r.\SS| J 1. 
 
 lale the laltir iiiiidc. In iXH,^ the /(Iti/io 
 
 took till' place of the /:iirikui , running to Alaska in command of C;i 
 James Carroll, .inil it is <)wiii>^ to this that she is probably bettci kiio 
 than ihroiiKh any other service, as she was for many years aliiiusl 
 
 oulv means of comnmnication with that remote seetii 
 
 She has Ih 
 
 fi/.ed 
 
 several tiims by llii- (ioveniment iliiriii).; her career on 
 
 1:11 ).;c 
 
 siiiilKKliiiK 
 
 but 1 
 
 las always succeeilei 
 
 (;etti!i){ clear. Cajil.ains Carinll 
 
 lluuler and Wallace were the last oMicers in 
 
 commanil 
 
 before the I'liii) 
 
 ilic chartered the steamer, and Captain Aiij^ersteiii was 111 (li;u);i 
 
 vlieii 
 
 made her fiii.-il trip (set 
 
 reck of /ila/in. iH.Si, 
 
 Till 
 
 was two hundred .iiid (ifken feci lone,, Ihiilyoiie feel beam, twiiily om 
 feet hold, with eiiKiues twenty one and Inrly b\ lliirly four iuclics. Sin 
 registered .about ei^;ht hundred toils. 
 
 The . //(/ 1 was one of tin- best proiiellers that had > et appeiind mi 
 tlu' i'oitlaiid rcinle. .She was liiiill in New \'ork in iSfi.| for the (".M\'riii 
 liieiit siivice, and lor this reason was put tonethci with umisu.dlv Im r 
 
 limbers 
 hirme 
 
 ■I 
 
 and Willi a 
 ■Mtlleiil WI 
 
 of her machiii. IV 
 
 bel 
 
 ow Ihc waler line. 
 
 Sh( 
 
 Ilk 
 
 the Ivi-^tmi 
 
 si for a 
 
 shoil lime 
 
 eiiKiiH'M, a IK 
 
 I C, 
 
 first 
 
 troops to llnir homes at tin close ol the w.ir, and soon afterward slaikd 
 for '?lle I'acific in command of Capl.iin Ciodfrey, wilh ,Sani|(soii, (iml 
 .laiit. (.'apt Chris Dall took her to I'ortland on her first trip in June, i.'^'';, Iml li- 
 was soon snciTi-deil liy Capt. I'ud Holli ~ who handled lur for seveial M-ars, Capt. James Carroll liavinj^ been iii.it' 
 
 * M. N. .Maiiiiif was Immii ill .Ni-v\ Suik ni |S\7. tif^^iiii iiiiiniii|; on! ol llial riiy ill iH=,.j. ami ;i \far lati-r caiin i'» 11:- 
 I'lieilic C'oiisl, wliere he srrveil as iiili;r mi llie slfaimi .ScntHit, retaining lliis |)iisitiiiii .'i year, ami thru loiiiin^; the sti-niiier t 'i<,'itirlihi 
 111 1S5S tic WHS oil tile Koiillicni iipiiU's. lull, when Captain Ciiiioll look llic l.illli' t iiliiniiiiii in the iioilht in liadi', .Maiinii- l.i c aim 
 cliiel en^'im-iT, lie siihsniuctilh- workcil lor three years iis i-hicf eii^^iiit-cr on tin- Xwy,^ t ohimhiii and .h/titnt, and iliiiiiiK '" 
 careei on tin- Tn.-ist spt-nt liltr^-n \cmis ini tin '' iiiatn.i route ill the caiiac-itN of lliiiil, Herond and lirsl Hssislaiit and rliit-l i-n I'l'ir 
 III' Is III pri'sriit living; in San t-rainisi-o. 
 
 ■'■ Isaac Oilel, en^^inee-r. was horn in Maine in iS.j \. caine to the I'.'irilie Const in 1S67, jind served lor a year and a hall - n 11,- 
 stemiishi|i ' (i«//i/>'/.7ii/, leaving h(- 1 lot the /l/»i. I'tiv/ni nimiiiii.! to San pmn .Afti 1 making' a lew trips on llie sonlhcrii nmic, li' 
 wi'iit iiiln tin- iioiihcni si-i\n-i.. on tin- slis-innf- ?/(/ 1 ami {>tlfl<i}inin , with wliii-li he rem liiu-d lor a year, inakiii^ ;i ti ■ Irii- 
 on the j\fi>>i/iin>i iliiiiiu '111 • time. Ifi ;.-tiifil lioiii \\\^y wali-i alh-i this sc-ixiic, ami snlisi-f|m-nll\ Inllowcrt h: iirofessimi n tti' 
 Saeraini-nlo Kim 1 lot . i^Oil Ncars, iliii s -y wliieli \\v was i-iij.;;im-il ..ii tin* stfanii-rs .V ,1/. H'/n^f>fi\ Miii v i.aniii:. t 'i'nfi-nuid' Uu 
 tiiiif'iitf. ttn.iuin/, /^ •//' "/ ///'■ A*/?V'i . * Mt^liithi , ,S<>muiiii, A't-'intit, )'int-m;ff ami .hni-/iii, Ihe two lato-r lilletwanl hccotnii.-.' wi-Il 
 known \¥. Itrilisli C<(liiiiiliia w.tlern. M' '><li-l has also hern diiployi'il ••«i «he steainshiji A'arhrii niiininj,' to Mi\-iii>, ami 11 ll" 
 SV. /'id. running l« .Maskii. Ilrfoii' noinw •>" Ihe Sac rMiin-nlo Ki'vi-i »•. was on llie (,'ni'iiil Mi /'liif.iiii Icn ,1 shoii iii.'. 1 
 t»o\elnimiil h*v,^i Minnin>{ helw.-«-n .\li-:ili.i' IslamI in S;in rocm-isc-o M;c\ ukI tin- in.iinl.cml In litlc-r vc-;irs In- lia-. Ivi'll in Sun 
 l''ranriHc"o h ' I \ st-rvimin the sti ctm.-is /•/<//(/ /, ;y//>/f-, . t/<ini,i/ii, /■./ 1 \if>tl , ihiUiiml, .\'/-.. ./;/-, //c/i- 1 i/y / hiiimI :\\\A 'Ihoio. '■"' 
 At 'liO'erem \nnes ti« lins ln-i-n ct*i»H«sh'il willi iiioic- tlinn ;c scene cl olhc t wc-ji kn .wii sU-aniers, itml has icc-t'iillv seivicl ,ii 111- 
 steiinier f.<.f. ■ Hmlim 
 
 *I»,<V MawU-N was horn ni Seolhiml in iS.;S, ami. alic-r h-.iiiiinj< hi- triclc, lann- lo Ihi* I'licilic- Coast in iSsH. Me ioi 'I tin- 
 siriiiner (iotiliH ./;•» socni 'ifti-i tiis aiiivcil, hut U-Il hei ami s|n-nl Ihnt m-ius in Mi-\ic-o, In llir spring ol i.S(i2 In , ■ at tc 
 Vielotia, liist Irving his Im k in Ihe I'lnilioo niinc-s. hut, mn nn-i'liii^ \mIIi siirci-ss, reliinied lo his voc-iilion a'- ^ftcnnl fn).;iin-*'i "ii I'l'- 
 strnnisliip / '^ci«r/(i'/v M< soon left this stc.inn-r ami ■,». nl Hast, retiiiniii^! in iSd,"; mi the slc'iinship ( nhniiilii. Soon ,r 1 In 
 arriv.il In- i"mi-il the Itlitlw, on which he run lo Iloiinlnlii, Ife was siihsccjni-ntlv on llu- ste.inier .S(///;/iM as ehiel for o\« ■ Ilitu 
 years, iiinl HrH-iWiinl in l>ooc|iill, I'l-rkins .V fo's i-iii|»lci\ foi live yeais. \\ he 11 l''r..iik Hatn.cid owned Ihe WilmiHi^toii, 1' iwli'\ 
 was on hei .is iissisi.nit sevet.il tunes mnl serve c| ;is chief c-ii^;iiic-er ol the cessel lor ,clcc.nt .i \c-iir. He is at present living; ' 1 ^n" 
 I'tum-IMCo anil makes ueeasioiial trips on the clitleienl sluaiiiship . rnniiin^ out ol the Hay City. 
 
 with V 
 Maeki' 
 
 thirty ! 
 
 lifty h" 
 
 siilewli 
 
 rinK'd 
 
ilj!i):ii 
 
 fhi: Alaska Punhanu, A'lvfnl of M:iny ririi: !^t(::imi.Tn on hiyct S()uii(l 
 
 ■59 
 
 witli li 1 iliiriiiH lliis lime. Otli . mastcTS of the slcaiiicr were Mct/ner, Carroll, I'loyl, Mackii- aii<l Joliiisoii, 
 Miii'ki' iiUiiin ''liart"e wlieii Holies went Ivisl to hriiiK out llie f V/i' ()/ t'//('.s/(/-. Tla- .//(/ 1 was two liuiidred and 
 lliirlv li.i li^el loiin, thirty live fiet heaiii, and twenty live feet hold ; toiiiiane, me thousand tliree hnndrccl and 
 liftv Iniii. She wai lost in Se|itciMlKr, i.S'jn, on lllnnl's Reef. 
 
 The steainshii) John I.. Sli/>lii)is was hnilt in New \'oik in i.s.s-' hy Smith anil Diamond. She was a 
 sidewli' > !ir, with tliree <K('ks and the old-fashioneil beam en>(ine, and when she first a|)|)eare(l was l)rinantine 
 riHK>'l She was re^arileil as immense in the early days of her career on the northern route. Her dimensions 
 Hire: liiiHth, two linii<hed ancl seventy five feet; heain, forty one feel; depth of holil, Iwentyfonr feel; 
 liiniiaK' . one llionsanil cinht hnndred anil thirty six. Capl. Chris Mall ran her in i.S(i7, and was suiceeded 
 hv .\Iil/K''l. Johnson, Hullis, Conner, .Miickie, and others. In i.Sy.^ the steamer was sold in San I'Vaneisi-o to 
 SissHii, Wallace it Co., to j;o to Alaska, where she w.is nsed as a llo.itin^; e.iiniery, and on her retinn was so old 
 unci Iciidi r that she was retired from service and broken M|i the lollowiii); ye.ir. 
 
 Tile steamship I'lili/omid, known during the e.irly days of her cireei on tin- Coast .is tin- /.ill/i- ('(iliii'iiii<i, 
 ,iiiil :illruvard as the h'.iinkd, was Imilt ;it Mystic, Conn., and, alter coiiiin^ roiiiid from llie Ivisl, made her 
 Mist voyane North ill i.H'i'), arriviiij.; at I'ortlaiid in August, in comin.ind ul Captain Ciodliey. The lollowiiij^ year 
 she rduMil the steamer (iii^\ir '/'il/dir uw the I'oilland and \'i(toria route, making her initial trip in Janiiiiry with 
 Cii]il;iiii l.vons in charge. .She remained in this service several years, e.\ce]it at intervals when she ran to Alask.i. 
 Atlii ISiii llolladay met his W'.iterloo, and lost his sleamshii) line, he coiiti ivccl to rel.iin possession of the 
 (iililoiiiiii. and she continued in his service until i.S;*), when yonnj^ Men llollad.iy disposed of her to 
 r. li. Cornwall, who had the Alaska mail contract, and ojierated heron that route, connectin;; at Portland with the 
 slt:iiiisln]i (iicdl /\'</>iil>/i( .after the opposition started. When the .Northern I'acilic- Railroad was coiiiplilecl 
 jrclwicii Kalama and Taeoma, the travel liy ore.aii was so li^ht that the steamer |iaid hut small profits, and she 
 iviiUii:illy made the Sound the sonthern termiinis of her Alaska mil. With the eiicl ol the Cornwall competition, 
 she WIS withdrawn for a short time, hnt reappeareil on the Alaska route in issi in c-ominand of Capt. James 
 C:iriiill, who ran her until iS.S;^, wdieii he was succeeded hy llnnter. In ch.irne of the latter, in April, iS.S^, 
 ulii!' 1 oiiiiii^; throii^;li the r.ipids at I'eril Straits ;it a sixteen mile K''il. ^he struck on the led^e known as Wyanila 
 Kiirk lisled o\er to starlioanl and slipped olf into deep water. Captain llunlir ln'ailecl 
 JHi fill shore, and, aided hy the current, the steamer was driven fur .i'! he was worth. 
 j;ruiiiiillii^; just as the engineers and firemen were fiirced fioiii their posts. ! Aer\ one 
 liinclril safel\'. and, on the .irriv.il of llie news at X'ictoria, .i sleamei was dispalihed 
 with uicckiiin near, with which she w.as r.aised and toweil to \'ictoiia, iirriviiiK in 
 jiine. She ran hut little in the Northwest after this accidenl, hut iMppi-ired at Seattle 
 ill iSni, lakiiiK the place of the .7/// for a few trips, and siihseipieiitiy sc.iv;!!! husiness 
 sijiitli cji S.iu l''ranciscci. In .-idditiou to the captains aliove nientiimed, the following 
 wire 111 iliai^e while she W.as on the Northern co.isl : Joliii Hayes. Cliailes 'riioin, 
 N'. I,. l<o^;ers. II. .\I. dreKory,'' Holies, Winsor, ancl I)enn\'. 'I'lie (d/i/iii nin was lillilt 
 tliimi^liout of o.ik ;iiid chestnut and was schooner rin>^>cl. Her dimensions weie : 
 leiiHlli, one hundred and sixty ei^lit feet ; lieam, twenty feet ; de|itli, lilteeii feet ; 
 ( iii'iiic-s, twenty-six hy thirty inches. 
 
 White winded ])eace hovered over the steamlioat interests of the Columhia and 
 Willaiiiilte Ui\er durinj; IH'17, ancl lale-euttinn was not indul);ecl in The People's 
 
 Tiaiis]Hirtatioii Company, haviiiy; swallowed np its late aiitanonisl, the Willaiiultc ' ""' "^ 1. i<"',ii's 
 
 Steamlioat Company, was operating the steamers ././/,v and Siiiiilm helweeu rorlland ,and Oregon City, the 
 lull, nil, , .lliil ,aiid liiiniy l'iill,>ii lietweeii the I'alls and Corvallis. the /■.//Av/i/Zvc to Jvunenc', and the I'liimi to 
 N'.iiiihill. The Oregon .Steam Navigation Coinp.iny made a ^ood trade wuli Hale, Crosliy \' Witisor of I'liget 
 Suiiml, sicuriuK the steamer /(«/>■, J// AVc; ancl a honns cjf 5 )(i,ciiim in e\eli.in^;c- loi the AV,,- W'oilil, which h.ad 
 ;ilw;n s liceu ex]iensive to oiierate. The /in/V A/iXnu was put 011 the Astoiia route-, and ran as a mail lioa! in 
 |)1mic' ciI Uk- /ii/iii II. Colli li until relieved liy the (>kinii>i;ini, the latter steamer eoiniun over the Cascades in l''elii nary 
 ill cii iij'c of Ca))t. Thomas Stump. The h'niiiiir, a small stc-inwhecha, w.is Imilt at Rainier hy John Holland fiir 
 the C iwlil/ Steam Navi^;.ilioii Com pan v, or^;aiii/ecl in i.SOy with llie folic 'win^; cilfic cts : |)i-:m I'l.iiich.ird. prisidint : 
 
 'I'lcpl, II. yx. (Victory is tim* cil tin- i>i(iitci-r sleiiiiishipinrn of I In- Ccmsl, vvlirrc hi- iiirivt-ii lotU- >'fais ci^o, itnci siiic-e Ihcil time 
 licis lir.ii uii lu'.-uly all c»f iis miili-s. lie- wiis lor manv vc-;irs in the I*.-ic-itic- Mail iiiiil Ilulimhiy's i-niploy, ancl lias com ma iic Ice I several 
 111 I 111- 1.1 nil ins sleamshi|,s cil i-arly davs. When ihe .Shiihiiil,- was sent nmlh, willi heaili|narlers al .-Vsliiiia, C'.i|iliiin ('. rej^mv was her 
 iii;i-.i' I ;ini| lemaiiH-tl witii her anil hi-r snci-essiir, llic- .IA/»/-'.////7'/. lor si-\i-i;il \e-ars .\l'ti-r leaving the li^hthensc servii-e he was 
 ra|il,iiii i.i the stc-amc-i-, I'liiik,', ami //>inii I («M a while, hnt at the presc-nt lime is ncil mtivelv eniplii\eil. 
 
 I. ipt. Mean Itlanc-liarcl of Rainier was licmi in Mailisun. .Me., in i.S^, and eame t.i the- I'arilii- Coast in iH^^, arriving in 
 I'lilil-iinia in the fall ol that year, and. K"i"K '" 'n-i-unn the fcillnwin)? April loeateil at S' Helens, whieli at that tune was hmked 
 II pi II I .1 . I he- Inline- j;ti-at »it \ n/ the- i.nast. In \>',ss he jciinecl the c-nnimand ed' Mainr llallc-r and wc-nt to lelalni ini an Indi.in li^hlin^ 
 
 i-ipi'liiiiii, i-unliniiiii).; in He* .erviic- null I the liiri-c- ri-.ii-hi-d la I i linn la, win ri- In- li-ll I In- in .cm I rc-tmni-d tei 1 m-j; 11 the spiinn cil 
 
 l-'iV'. 11 11 inn 'he i-iiiphn •/ Che cpiartel master's ili-partme-nt al \'am-iiiive-r. lie- ic-:iiained lln-re a vi ,11 and then went In St, Helens, 
 wlic-ii hi- wa.s elec-led i-onnt V .tnclitcir a:i'I elfrk serving* lor liinr \(-ats. l-'min this pmnt he ri-tnrm-d tn Vam-nnver, lint ten- a slnnt 
 liiiii- •''i;\ . and then renieived icj Uairiic-t aiiil stHrt<-d in Ihe saw mill ami c-einlrai-lin^ linsiness. He was a leading spirit in all nl the 
 iippi. -i-iM steamlioat eiiterpMHi--i or »lie lower over routes, and during the past lhirl\- years has owned or lieeii inleri-sled in half a 
 ■lii/i 1 I liners. At Ihe presi-nl Hi' he is jiroprietor cd the Inn loliii li'i",!, which he operates In oonneelion with his wooil and 
 iiiiiilii liMsiness. 
 
 iJij: 
 
MP 
 
 ■i 
 
 ! ^ 
 
 III 
 
 Hi 
 
 
 ill: 
 
 I i 
 
 i - ) 
 ! 1 
 
 •III 
 
 1 60 
 
 Lewis (J Dryd(>n's Marine History of tho Pacific Northwest 
 
 Jiivim lliill, vice |iivsi(kiil ; II. II. I'iiilo, secretary; Ferdinand Sellable, treasurer; John K. Jackscjii, W. ij 
 Oosnell and J. I). Tackaberry, with lilt- above named officers, forniin).; the Hoard of Directors. The /uiinin 
 started on the route between Cowlitz, I.andinn and Monlicello in October, 1.S117, in <oniinan<l of Capt. |. T. Koriis, 
 but was seized by the (loveriuneiit early in the followinn year and >olil to Capt. J. C Kin^sley, h'red Ila'lKin^;li 
 and J. ("i. Toner, who renanieil her the (iinir. Capt. Kinnsley continued her in the trade for which shr <v:is 
 designed, for a short lime, and then ran her in the jobbiiiy; business. In 1^70 she was ajjain on the Covvlil/ jn 
 charge of Capt. James Fisher, this time ruiniiuH through to I'orlland in opposition to the steamers ll'i>/,i/ m,] 
 A'isiiif, and the following year appeared on the Oregon City route. In iS;,^ Capt. James Troup made a leu trip. 
 with her lo Vancouver, and iu the fall of thai year she was sold to the Willamette Kiver Transportation Conipniiy. 
 In IS;.) she was remodeled at W'estport. coming out as a freight and towing steamer, under the ownershi]M)i 
 
 O'Xeil, 1 1, (11 and .Vrmslroiin, the latter beiuH master. 
 
 Th 
 
 c Riiiiiii-iCdirif vvas einhtvlwo feet lonn, einhlicn fcii 
 
 beam, ami three feel nine inches hold, with engines einhl and a <|uartcr by thirty-six inches. On the Tuiilitiii 
 Kiver the Oiihaitl, the best steamer which had yet <listurl)ed the waters of that stream, was coustrucled by C;i|it 
 Joseph KelloKH 'ind was operated in the interests of the I'eople's Transportation Company with a " Kellon^' < ixw, 
 
 Capt. Ivhvard KcUo^^; conunandiiin, with Ivlisha Kellonn, eUKinet 
 
 lOrriu Kello)^>4. pmser, while Capt. juseiili 
 
 Kelln^j' was the prini'ipal owner. In 1.S7 i she passe<l lliroU).;h the ( Jswe^o Canal, bcin^; the first steamer to ;;ofn,ni 
 the Tnaliliii Ui\er lo the lake. ,S|ie was then in ehar^;e of Capt. (.)rriu Kellonj;, and the following; year W!i>. 
 bronchi down to the Willametle and pl.iced on the Cathlamet route. In iK7,s she Jiassed into the hands of llit 
 
 ( )ienon Steam Navigation Comp: 
 
 who wore her out. The (hn,iiij 
 
 was niuetyeinht feet lon^, sevenleeu feet beam, and four feit hold, ujih 
 engines leu and a (piarter by forl> einlit inches. Another small steiinar 
 was liuill ;it I'orlland to be usei 
 sternwheeler 
 
 I as a tr 
 
 IIIUIH- 
 
 ill. She w.is a 
 
 iliniiiHilivf 
 
 called 
 
 the Shiil/oh , ap])areiitly not because <, 
 
 f Ik 
 
 as she was about the slowest contrivance uliicli had yet appeared In 
 
 the sh.ipe of 
 
 steamboat. Her 
 
 were \allard iS: I' 
 
 who afterward .sold her lo T. .\I. Ariiohl, who In turn disposed ol lui 
 
 loj. S. IK 
 beam. A 
 
 The Siv,i//o 
 
 lis forty-five feet Ioiik, willi I'leveii ful 
 
 lall propeller named the .Mfilin was launched at I';iii|)Ik 
 City, and proved a great convenience in carrying passeuKers and IrIhIii 
 
 its tributaries. The . ///>//(( was fnsl in 
 
 but 
 
 iu i.S7c> Capt. William A. I, use UmjI; 
 
 ,ind towing on Coos l!a\' : 
 
 char)4e of Capt. II. II. I, us 
 
 command and ran her until i.S7(i. She was sixty-five feet lou^, with ;i 
 
 fourteen by twelve inch engine. The /.nrislan, a small slei uwlKolir 
 
 built at rmalilla for the Snake Kiver 
 
 business, made her appearance i 1 
 
 |S(,- 
 
 nit was loo small and 
 
 1(1 p' 
 
 irlv constructed to cut verv much nf ; 
 
 *: ^I'T. Oman lit. 
 
 fiKiire. and soon withdrew from the uii]ier river. Her owners, I'eniii \ 
 Clifford, lost money on the ventiin The Oren(ni Steam Navinaliiiii 
 Company added no steamers to their fleet on the upper river lliU 
 year, but those already there were kept busy the greater part of llic 
 season. In June the )'<ikiiiii> made a run from Celilo to I.cwistim, 
 covering the dlslance in fort> one hours and Ihirly-five minules. Tin 
 
 Oregon (\: .Montana Transportation Coiiipa 
 
 nv keiit llieii 
 
 i)KM t(l 
 
 .Montana with lln. .lAj/r Moinlv and .yi^^inilit. The Ncu- ]\'(>il<l, the finest sleaiiui which had yet ap|it.iuil 
 
 I'ngel SoniK 
 
 icd at Olympiii from the Columb 
 
 W'insor, and a brief period of very warm compeliti 
 
 ha 
 
 leeii accuniidating 
 
 the 
 
 of war d 
 
 more expensive to run than the /I'sif McNiur, for which she had been exchangeil, and the owners 
 
 1 I<i\ir in Februaiv in charge of C;ipl. Cliaili-^ 
 as indulged in with the h'.lir:ii . I ihlii s,>ii, uliirli 
 The AV ,-■' W \'il(l was mn. h 
 
 till 
 
 nring several years ol' prosjni ity. 
 
 A>i,i 
 
 had 
 
 ittle dinicult 
 
 >■ in ending tin conlesl 
 
 Captain I'"ii 
 
 bought hei 
 
 iber 
 
 and sent liii 
 
 back to California, where the California Steam Xavigalion Company i>ro'nptly attached her lor lireai h oi 
 )f the sale at the lime of her ]inrcliase by the Oregon Sleain Navigation Coiiipaii) 
 
 eoiilract. the conditio 
 
 providing that she should be kept out of California waters for ten years. Two steamers of I'liget S'liinil 
 construcliou. whi< h afterward became ipiite well known, made their d.bul iu 1.S67. one of them, the lUdn. 
 
 being slill in service at \ictoria. The <jther, the ill, luilis, begn 
 
 Her 
 
 111 drav 
 
 Harlx 
 
 compaiiv' which had operated the Sahall on the Chehalis Kiver the preceding year launched another st 
 
 bearing the name ( airir 
 
 Pa 
 
 which, with the former, furnished the settlers in that \icinil\ about 
 
 lraiis])ortalion facilities needed ; ai 
 
 llhongh the C/ii/m/is tried for nearly three years to fill a \" 
 
 It, she was nnsnccesslnl and returned to the .Sound, win 
 
 she snbseipieiilly 
 
 enioyei 
 
 icl 
 
 :i lucrative bli- ii's 
 
 The A'/(A|' was a siiiall piopeller of about tweiily-tive tons burden, built at Snohniiiish Cil> by Captain 
 
 who ran lur lieweeii Seattle and Snohomish for a short time, 
 
 then sold her lo Aleiggs \ C.iwley, 
 
 her lor \cars as a ferry lielweeu I'orl Madison and .Seaf.le. .\inong her captains were Andrew lielmonl, 
 
 Ih 
 
 e eiiiploN of the Oregon Kailway & Navigation Company at 
 
 itl.iuil, Thomas Wilson, deccised 
 
 J. li. 
 
Thu Alnska PurJinsf:, Advfnt of Miiny fim: Stfftmi.'ra on Puyvt Sutind 
 
 i6i 
 
 riic (liiliitlis was ii siniil 
 
 (oliii I iiriliiMii," Iv 1''. Huckliii, niicl oIIkth. In 1S79 she was l)()Ut;lit in l>y Ofxlcr Ilorton & Co., and aflfrwanl 
 iiseil ;i- .1 Iri'iKlit i'"'' ii>'''>'"K stcanKT, fiTially luin^ pnrchasfd liy X'iiloria |)artifs, wlio ri-Kislercd licr nnder the 
 
 Hritisli iliiK. 
 
 I sti-rnwlKi'kr, built at 'I'uinwatft in iHf)7 by II. II. Hyde, and after a disa.stroii.s 
 expeiienic on llie Clielialis River was opetaled hetwern Snoliomisli, Port (landile 
 and I.udlow. Slie was sul)se<|nently sold to tlie Hlaik IHaniond Coal Company 
 and used for lowing barges on the lake, Captain Iluffiier and William Halley, 
 who was afterward killed on the Hh, comnianiliM^. lirittain iNc llrennan then 
 lion({lit her ami used her on the Ska>;il. .She was the first steamer that ever 
 went ui> as far as Portage l<api<ls, and the first to ascend Sank River. Captains 
 Daniel lienson, Curtis I). Hrowiifield,' and Robert Bailey, had ehar^e of her 
 while she was on the Skavjil, and Ca])t. Hiram Olney ran her on the Seattle 
 and Olympia route. She did jfood service until November, 1.H.S2, whcMl .she was 
 ^^f^' V eaUKhl in a ^ale while di rtui/r from Snohomish to Seattle, in eonnnand of Capt. 
 
 ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ W. I''. Munroe, .mil, beeoniinn uiiman.ij;eable. was blown stern on to the beach 
 
 J^^^H^^I^^^^^^^^k near Ten Mile Point The vessel was a total loss, an<l her car(;o 
 
 .^^^^^^^^F^^^^^H^H alon^ the shore for a distance of ten miles. The C'/irlmlis e(piip))ed with the 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H en>;ines which were originally in William Moore's I'raser River ste.uner llenriella, 
 
 --^^^^^^^^^"^^^^^^ The Alaska steam fleet had three representatives on the waters of I'uj;et 
 
 .Souiul and lintish Columbia m [H'17. the most import.int ol which was the 
 
 l\\tilki>hky. The kussiiiii steamer .Mrxaudci also made two trips to Victoria on business in connection with the 
 
 Ininsfcr of the territory of Alaska to the t'nited States, and the steamer AVvc,'" built at Sitka this year, came 
 
 (IdWii as far as Victoria. The unfortunate 
 
 sliMiiKi Ciiiih'Xi. bought and repaired by 
 
 Mcl)i)iii;al brothers of X'ictoria, reappeared 
 
 Miickr comiiKiiid of Captain P'rain," with an 
 
 iiddiliiiii to her name, and for the last ipiarlcr 
 
 iif ii century has been |)roniinenl in marine 
 
 lirdes as the Curilwo nml I'ly . The steamer 
 
 lUiiiiii, Capt. Tom Wright, had the postal 
 
 (diiliact between X'icloria and San Juan 
 
 l>laiicl, receivint; Jd.oou per year from the 
 
 llipartiiaiit, and in addition to her services 
 
 as a mail lio.it made a ).;reat many trips on 
 
 tJR- SuMiid with (iovcrnment ofiicials, and in 
 
 iklolM-r took the members of the Alaska 
 
 Coiiniiission to Fort Siin)>son. The l.ivin- 
 
 l/iiiii, which had sported in the waters of the 
 
 Cohiniliia for a lony; time, was place<l under 
 
 till- I!tili>li jlaj; aKaiii. The steamer ridilalir 
 
 was s(j1(1 lo the Russian I'nr Cimipanv in .so a.mkk khs. v i-"kmi m v ihk ■■iiakan..m 
 
 l-irst slciiiiii-i l.iiill ill Aliihka 
 
 ^M 
 
 
 Cnjil. Jiiiiii I'anili.'iin was horn in .M.iiiie in iSjti ami went lo sea from Cliarlfston, S. C, in iS^2. I)nrinj{ the Crinu-an War 
 111- WHS .111 ilic sliiii I'ittin. an .Aineriian vessel iliarUTi-il liy llie Vri-ncli In run from .Marsi'illt'S lo llalal<lava. lie rtmaincil willi llie 
 ri/./i/ in dial service fiu Ihrei- \ears, ami then saileii on lier lo Australia :in'l .South .American ])orls nntil she (ouniiereil oil the coasl 
 'if I'll ;i I In lemming' lo New York he ship|>eil lor (.'hiria otl the ,IA;//«/i"/. .aflerwaul lo-.l oil Cape I'l.itlery. lie Icli her in 
 Hejij^k'.ii^, and ran I'of a short time on the siilewheel steamer f'n/cru, helween Honykon^ ami Shanghai, where he suliseijnenth 
 lollowe.l tile shiphnihlinK Iraile for live years, lleeame lo I'li^i'l Sonml in 1X65 ami enterecl the employ ol the I'orl Mailison Mills, 
 mill, while ill their service, eoininaiiileil the l*h(iutom, Ruhv, ami other steamers. Me relireil IVoni the water ahoiit ei^ht years a^o 
 diiii is now lisin^; in Seattle. 
 
 'Capt. Curtis I). Itrowtilielil of Seattle was horn in Missouri in iS^io and started for the Northwest wdien hnt a hoy. His first 
 iiiariiie e\perience in tliis region was on the schooner S'/oiii' in iSftij, and since lli.it time he has hceii alninsl ciiiitiniienisly in the 
 'iiisiiiess. lie ran the steamer i 'intirf on White River, on wliiidi iiaite she was the first to make a success, .and also on the Nools.icki 
 where slu- w.'is Ihe pioneer. Cajitain llrownliel'l also ojieialed the steamer 1 hn,i on Lake I'liion, and al dilfcrent times duriiif^ his 
 liiieeroii the Sonml has heeii coiineeted with the sieaniers /. /.'. //V.'.i. (Ihlhilis. Wniat, Olt,i .littlei, 'IV.isri . I>,s/>,i/ili. .\,i!ie, 
 I ily >/ I Uiiii, r, H'ii\hhii',liiii, II', /■'. .l/uiiiti,-, ami inan\ others When the 1 )re>;oii Railwav \- .N'.ivinatioii Coin|iany withdrew from 
 tile S'liiiid, he purchased the ohl lil.iho and alter lilting her up started lier out ajjaiii as a passenger sie.imer, Inil soon afterw.inl sold 
 Iter lo C.ipiain llastin^'S. A short time rko lie seemed the steamer /slaiiil ISelli\ which he placed on the route from Tacoiiia lo 
 Ili-Hiiieliaiii Hay. He v.as one of the first steamhoatmen in the Nortliwesl to nnderlake the or^ani/atinii of a liarlior of the 
 llliilh.rliood of Pilots, and or>;.iiii/eil Ilarhors n and .• ( al I'oltlaml .ind .■\slori.i. 
 
 ' file steamer A'.nc was hiiilt at Sitka in 1SO2 liy Ihe Russian ollicers then st.itioued tlicre. She was elirisleiied llie Haraiiojf 
 .tiiil uii.l. r that name pla\ed cpiite an important |iart ill the closing histoi\- of Russian suprciiiac\' in tlie land of the midnight sun. 
 Ill |S;[ he w'as pnndiased hy \lh-ii l-'rancis. Ilrilish consul at \'ictoiia, who remodeled her, rcmoviii>^ the sidewheels and titling her 
 Willi .1 iii.ipeller. She was named Ihe A',iw .iinl pi. iced in the .Mask.i fnr trade, which she followed nntil i.S;^, Init, Ihis not proving; 
 
 , she was transferred to the Island route on l'ii;;et Sound, carrying Ihe mail. In the fall of iS;^ she relumed lo Alaska 
 
 ed the IrailiiiK hnsiiiess, coiiliniiiii^ with the .Maska ( >il ,V Ciuaiio Company for many years. 
 
 ' .ipt. James ("rain w.as one of the pioneer ii.avii^alors on Coos Hay and the rniiiipia, K'^u'K from there to British c'olnnihia, 
 ran Ihe i'tinhot} iitul h''lv, and sever.il other ste.imers on l-Viiser River and Ilrilish Colnmhia waters. \\ the lime of his 
 
 ~ dentil in iS7i he was owner of the sieamer Etiiily Umiis. 
 
 |irnlil.i 
 ami ei. 
 
 wlicre 
 lllvslei 
 
Ml 
 
 h 
 
 \i 
 
 1 1 
 
 \(u 
 
 I I'wis (f Uryilrn's Mnriw Unilaiy i/f tlm l':ii.ili(, N'liihwfst 
 
 July, aiid ill (•niiiiiiiiml nf C:i|it.iiii lOskiiU' wiiil on ihc Al.i'^k.i ruiitc. Tlir stcaincr A/iDn/nnf, luiilt !i\ il|,. 
 ti'lc^raiili ri>in|>:iiiv in is'>'>, w.l^ niiiiiiii).', <>m the Immsci. In Iti i ciiilicr, Ciijitiiiiis (iiinliiici, Titiciinli iiml |'.ii:i|.|i|,i 
 wtTf ii|)|i(iiiili'rl pilots liii till- |HirN 111 \'i(l()iiii, I'Niiiiiniiill, limiinirs Iiilri ,incl N':iii,iiiiin. 'I'lic l.illc r [khuI Inni 
 aU:iini'<l considi laMi i:M|i(iilaiii i in tlic ((iniiuiiciiil world lliionuli il-i i(ial slii|inifnK, wliiili iiinDinilrd to ;i,i-j 
 Ions dlllinn till' \c.ll. Sinv;U- larjjoi s, liowivrl, could not li:ivc lil'iMl VflV hciivv, ii>> tlio iicohK show lll:it llijs 
 amount was taken awa> in ten ships, six harks, two lirin'*. on<- liundnMl and forly six stcaniors, sixlv ii({lii 
 scliooncrs, and thiily nine sloops. 'I'llf bri^ Kohitl Ciiuaii, llif larnisl vessel yet lonstrnctirl in tiii-colonv. v,;^. 
 
 launclii' 
 
 al Soi.kc, li, (.' 
 
 S.i 
 
 >ti'inl 
 
 iliir jiilli Ilcr dimensions wen-: lenntli. 
 
 hundred and ten ieet : \n 
 
 twenty-einiiL k 
 
 depth III hold, nine feel six inelies. With the exception ol the steamers mentioned ami 
 
 lew 
 
 small schooners on the Columbia, this was the oidy building; ivenl of any imporlance in the Northwi^st. 
 
 'I'lie Inn (yiiis /K/Z/vv appeared in a new iMr in the summer of i.Sdj. In charn'' of Captain (io\( ami 
 
 l';n^;inl■er U'illi.inison she was disp.ilched to Neah Hay to <|iiell a <listiirliance .inioUK the Indians, A Cl,i 
 
 Imli.'in had been killed bv one of the Neah Itav tribe. 
 
 when the a^eiil arrested the murderer. Ills tribes 
 
 imii 
 
 forcibly released him. A messeiiHer was sent to .Sleilacoom, 
 
 lieutenant, surgeon and lliirly-two privatis 
 
 WLTC sent to I'orl (lamble bv the /■.//..•(/ . I iii/r 
 
 At this point they bo,ir<le<l the ( ii 
 
 IViiU- 
 
 rr, equipped lii 
 
 with a couple of liowit/.ers ,iud started for Neah Ha\-, arriviii)^ at the Indian 
 
 al cliylij-hl. The lienUiianl 
 
 and twenty nuii landed, but before reaching the c.amp a kloorliuian gave the ahirm, and the Indians lied lo the 
 woods. The hdwitzeis were tr.imed on them, ,'inil several were wonndi-d. These, with other captives, were 
 
 convey 
 
 ed to Tatoosli Island, where wonl was seid to the chief Ho 
 
 came on 
 
 board with about sixty ol his followeis, and the; 
 
 )roin|itlv made iirisoners in the lower liolil. 
 
 Til 
 
 e chiel was tnloiiiR' 
 
 •"*«%^ 
 
 that, if he would ^;ive U|) the culprit and his rescuers and promise iidi 
 to molest the aHent, they would be rele.ised .M'ter some parle\ in^ lit- 
 consented, and in about two hours two of the unilly nan and a brotlKr 
 
 if the murderer w<re surremlerei 
 
 Thev weie taken to Ste 
 
 where they wore a 
 
 lall and chain foi several months. This 
 
 I 111 
 
 \l'<iHii' s lirsl and oid\ experiem-e as a uiau-of war. 
 
 The Heel of sailing vessels in the lumber tradi- to the S<iiiiiil 
 and K"'nK 'o \'icloria with catno was incre.ised by several neweomers, 
 amonn them the barks . lid and liv umtiiim from London, the ship 
 (iiiiiiiiiiii :i from l,i\erpool, /'niiisinii fniin New /.e.aland, '/'>iiiiili;iiii, 
 .\/i(iii/ii/t; .S/ii), ami ;i nnmb<r ol others from China. 
 
 The 
 
 iiliii;: 
 
 vessels plying co.istwise earned 
 .Sound to .San l''rancisco jind 15.; 
 
 ')".';'//./' 
 
 feet ol lumber from I'lijjil 
 feet from lh<- Cnlnmbi;i KIvct 
 
 to tin 
 
 ne port. The Tillamook schooner /. ('. (/hiw/udii look to 
 
 Portland .iinon^ other car^o, in October, sever.al hnnihed |ioiniils (4 
 beeswax which had been fonn<l on the beach near the .N'ehalem KImi 
 and which was su|)|iosed to have come from the wreck meiilinned :is 
 occnrriny; about 177^ The year i'M>y was a dis.istroiis one for many 
 
 life was liehl, the 
 
 of tlh 
 ]iroiii 
 
 lasting Heel, and, Ihounh Ihe sacrifii' 
 
 rtv loss was cimsidera 
 
 bk 
 
 Anion 
 
 K the more |)romiiient 
 
 wliiili met their fate was Ihc b;iik dn/i/iii (mfi-, b^■loll^;in^; to tin- 
 Klissian Aiiieiicaii Tele^;iaph Compaii) < alight in the ice ami crushed near the mouth ol the Anadyr Uivei llic 
 vessel becomiiif^ ;i total wreck, thounii the crew were saved Cajil. I'anl Coriio. wh<i was nnfoilnnaU eiioiijdi 1" 
 lose the bark liuliislry in i.Hfis, met with another se\ere loss in [.S'1'1, when the bark //'. />' Siiiuilnii w;is wiei 
 
 ki-(l 
 
 on the same spi 
 
 I'ortlaiid ui 
 
 drifU 
 
 t where the liiiliisti \- strain 
 111 M iM Ions c)f freinlit, value 
 
 11 
 
 le preceiliiiH ye.ir. 
 
 'Vhv Si niiiliiii WAS III loii/i lidin San I'Vaiaisoi 
 
 111 the spil. slrikinn liea\il 
 
 went to the ies( ne with .1 
 
 lllelx 
 
 > al iii:c 
 id Capt; 
 
 il Jjci. i.Mu.i. anil in .itteiiiptinn to sail in May s'h ihe wind fade 
 :i«i.\. M. Capl.iin Miinson.'' llii- linlillioiise keeper at Cape 1 la 
 
 III 
 
 ill Corno's u 
 
 lie 
 
 d Miss liiowii, a passenger, were taken 
 
 e crew remained on board uiilil nielli, when they were all rescued and tin- bark .ibandonei 
 
 A swell CMiiu- on 
 
 The 
 
 in the afternoon, and the vessel broke 11 
 the Portland implement dealers, h.-id Jv 
 which reached shore in a d.im.iKed' coudilioii were about all thai was saved from the valuable carj;o. 'flic 
 
 less than twenty four hours after she struck Knapp, liiirrell .V C"., 
 ry aboard. Two or lb e threshing iiiai hints 
 
 Ml) worth of faim macliiue 
 
 'C.i|il J. I). .M 
 
 iinsitii. w 
 
 )m> III 
 
 i-lll llrailv a lllllil 111 a ri-litiir\ in Ille ll^fhllmiisi' hervirc al tile llliill 
 
 III oltlii 
 
 iihi 
 
 Iiiilll ill New S'olk ill l.Sj.Saiiil fame In Sliiialwater llav ill is,si|. ill^.i^i iij.; ill llii- lisliiii^ .iiit] M\slcr laisiiu-ss liii aluiul (ivi \cars, 
 K'lillK til Aslinia ill lV,U,\, Tile ri)llii«illn sear llc' liiiik rllai ^e iil Hie linlltlliMisi- al (.'a|ie I )isa|iijiiilil lilelll, where lie fdllllil lli 'I lln' 
 
 iillly means iil* saving llle ill ease <il sllijiwiei-k was with an iilil liiiat wllii'h llail lieell ne^li-eleil until il was atniiisl iise-le 
 assislalni- nl siiiiie Xslmians he rrjiairiil il, anil when Ihe Siiautttii was l<tsl il was llle itieans nl' saviii;.^ se\'eial peii|»le 
 
 \\ iih I he 
 Al liri lime 
 
 ol the aci iili-nl .Mnnsoll lllanncil Ihe Imat with tVMi ol his liehlhi 
 
 assisianls, two men lioni 
 
 llle ('. 
 
 iveniineiil tn^, anil two 
 
 anil was Ihiis t-nahli-il in n-si III" all on Iciar'i ol Ihe bark, who wolllil ollirrwise lia\e lllel llle fate wlliill Iielell Ihc llliro 
 
 I'liint .Xdatiis, will 
 
 ■ he 1, 
 
 lassiiue reiiiaiiieil, J. 1). Mnnsiiti is the latliei ol l''ri-il Miiti.soi 
 
 kiln 
 
 ill .Asloi ia ennitieer. 
 
 iiiiite 
 
 viiliins 111 llle liiilu\li 1- ilisaslei, Winn tlu- hark . Inliili-il was wn-i keil al I'oinl ,\r|ains, Mr. Millison savi-il her irew willl 11 ^alia' 
 lioal. He reniaim-il in i Inline al Cape I Msap]iointnii-lll fin twel\t- \eais anil then wi-nl lo .Astoria, where he Iilllll the ■ nm-r 
 l\liit;iiil, wliii 11 lie ran lor three years, lie solil her in iSHo ami reliirneil lo Ihe linhllioiise serviee, taking 1 liar^e ol llie sin "ii m 
 
flif Al:ifik:i l'iir(.li:i;'-, Ailvunl ul M:iiiy I iiic Hlf.inurs an I'ik/cI Saiiiiil 
 
 »63 
 
 Siriin' 
 
 ' I list J.'i.iKiii iiiiil w.i'> irisiiicd liir #1^.1111. 1. Capliiiii Cdimd lind iN|itiii|ii| over 5'i,i» h i in ii|i;iiis liclun- 
 Iwiviiij; 'HI l''iiiliii'>r(i (III his l;ist liip, aiiil llic ilisiisliT was a Ncriiius one loi liiiii, lollowiiiK as il diil so ( Inscly 
 iiiiiiii III ollici niisliMliiiiis, lit- was Diif of the |iii>iici rs ill llic loastiiiH sailiiu; liiisiiiiss, ami with llic olil liri^ 
 .S«w(" //'/!,'<'/ had iKiiiiiri'd a im)|ii|ii'1i'I|i'c in IIil- oarly fiflii's, liiit Icll ln-r lonlimi Ivist, wliiTf In- hiiill llie 
 Imliisln 'Phis disasti I and his iiii|irri|itahli> experience wiih the liij^ /w»/'A'W/ iiiade serious inroads upon hin 
 wiallli iiid when the .Si/./w/c// went to pieces Cdrilo hist heart, and. althoiinli lie spent many years operating; in a 
 small A ' . aliiiin the coast, he never rc^aiiu'rl his rorlnne. 
 
 Till- Aiiieiicaii liark l.i r:ii- /lii,i;,i;\. Captain 'I'ownsenil, lioiii San h'raiK isco lor I'ort Oiscoeery, was wrecked 
 iii:ir 1. i|'i- Mattery in Sepleinhcr. She kit San JMancisco. An^ust (isl, and iiiiide a c|nick run up the coast until 
 iIjiiIiI 1' n miles south ol the (ape, where she went .ishore dlliill).; a dense lo^ and was knocked to pie(es in a t'evv 
 liuMi' I'lie crew escaped In lioals and made Iheii way to Ne,di Itav, Irom which pl.n c llicv were tiiken to 
 Vietun.i hy llie Hawaiian hark .li'H. The .American ship A/A/; I'uslii , L'aplaiii Anderson, Ironi Callao lor 
 rtsiil.idy, was wrecked In Neah Hay in 1 (ec cinlKr. 'I'lic vessid sighted Cape [''lattery at (>:imi a. \i , Ihcinilier 
 l\<^, liMl a strong east wind kept h.r from making any headway iiiilil the next inorniii).;, when shi' i alight a lij^dlt 
 iKiltlicasld which sent ln-r twenty miles up the Straits hy noon. Here she encountered ;i hiinlc:iiie from 
 i;isl soiilhcast and ran lor Neah Kay, anclinrin^ in nine lathonis (jI walcr ; Ijiit hoth aiK hois would not Imhl her. 
 
 111 she 
 
 Ira^Kc 
 
 to the reef, stiikini 
 
 I' M and lie^iiininK to liieak up at 
 The erew reached slioK in tlie 
 
 liftliiial 
 
 11(1 on tile twenty ninth were 
 
 ken til I'lirt Townsend li^ the tiij; I' 
 
 III 
 
 l|',l//7 
 
 The 
 
 sclioonci 
 
 /I/c, 
 
 ,1A 
 
 ill,- 
 
 liuni Wliidliv Island lor \'iitoiia with a 
 
 aiK" 
 
 ice, struck a rock 
 
 tmia hailior in l''elirnaiy and was soon 
 ikstroyed, the crew reaching shoie in .i 
 
 lioal. 
 
 The 
 
 scllooiier Wiis \:\ 
 
 lied 
 
 :il 5i 
 
 and had seventy tons ol ( .11^0 
 
 (if which was lost. 
 
 Tile II 
 
 Ilk 
 
 Xdhiiiiil.idi; . one ol the first vessels ol tl 
 
 .S'lirllc 
 
 stern llii't, met an iiiitimcK end 
 
 III Drake's Kay ill A|iiil. She was/// imi/i 
 Iniiii llniiilioldl to San I'laiicisco in (din 
 iii:ii>d nl Captain Kiiiv;ht, and ran into the 
 
 Il shelter, 
 
 lull 
 
 iiicii 
 
 lailei 
 
 iiid she was diiven 
 
 liilal li 
 
 Th 
 
 rapid developiiieiit ol the a^ri 
 lul'.aral resources of tile Willametre V'.illey. 
 ;iiii| till- aliseiice of railroads or other means 
 'li iranspiii lalioii ixcepl liy river, produced 
 a liirne and iirolitalile Irallie for the steiiiners, 
 wliicli. witli the exception of iiriel intervals 
 
 Ca|'I.\in Ha 
 
 iif sliiirl lived o 
 
 ipositlon, were 
 
 introilt 
 
 ill. At K' lll.NI'. 
 
 .1 K'^llWN M.\S 
 
 C.M'i. I'.si-.rii Williams 
 
 ( AITAIN WAI.KKH 
 
 I. us IN SAII.IN'. 
 
 I Kit SIX I ll'.S 
 
 bv thai pioneer monopoly ol the upper Willamette, llie I'eople's Tiaiisporlalion Conipanv . lor main- years. 
 This I oiporalion, wiiicii had expended tlioiisands ol dollars in constructinji the li.-isin at Oievjon City, eiialilinK 
 Uhiii I'l li.iiidle frciniil more ciieapiy .and witii greater dispatch tliaii any of tiieir comiietitors, diseonraned tlie 
 iii:niKiiiatioii of any serious conipetitioii as loiiy; as they held the key to the situalion on the upper Willamette. 
 .\n dlurl to do awiiy with this monopoly was made in iso.s by the Willamette h'alls Canal iV I.ocks Companv. 
 .111 iii;.'.ini/atloii formed lor llie purpose of linildiii)' a canal and locks at ( lunoii Cilv, In ]ieriiiil sleamers to 
 
 end 11 
 
 'if Ji,..,. 
 iilficers 
 City, s 
 
 'riiiiiiii 
 
 le liver lidiii I'ortlaii' ii. 
 ill aid of the iindi rt.ik 
 
 ilwaters without diHiculty. 'I'he ( )reKoii l.ej^islatuie made an 
 
 appidpriation 
 
 and tile company started wilii a capitalization of #.vi 
 
 with the Id 
 
 nvilif( 
 
 K. (icddsmilh of l'( uland, ;irLsi<ieiil ; J. K. Kelly of 'i'he Dalles, vice president ; S. Huelat of Oregon 
 
 Klary ; (). lluiiiasoi, of 'I'lic Dalies, Jose)ih Teal of I'ortla 
 
 J(din I'. .Miller of Salem. 
 
 D. 1' 
 
 of Oregon City, dincKi.s in addition to the ollicials lirst ineiitioned, Wmk was commenced ,it 
 onre aii'l ;is rapidlv as ])(issilile conducted to a successful lermination. The prospei Is for an ap|iniachiiin end to 
 IIrIm •iMlrol of the liver li.id no a|ipaient elfecl on the I'eople's 'I'ransporlalion l.'om])aiiy, and they continued 
 In liiilM new sleameis and to repair the old ones, adding; to their Meet llie fine steamers .///'//« 1 and /hiyhoi \\\ 
 
 isris. 
 and 111 
 
 The steamer .lllmtiy was a sienuvheeler, one liundred and twenty-six feet ioiiK. twenty seven feet heam, 
 feet six inclies ileptli of hold, with eiit"iues sixteen liy fifty inelies. .She was constructed at Canemah, 
 
 I'l J I .Miller ami George .X. I 'ease were her first captains. .She operated on the iippi'i Willamette until 
 
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 ffiotographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y 14S80 
 
 (716)872-4503 
 
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 164 
 
 Lewit (f Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 most of the time in command of Captains George Jerome and A. Vickers, the latter sinking her in January, 1875, 
 at the mouth of the Long Tom, where she was abandoned and became a total loss. The Daylon was l)iiitt at 
 Canemah in 1868, and was equipped with machinery from the old Rival. Her first commander was J. T. Ap))erson. 
 who was succeeded by George Jerome, L. E. Pratt and Joseph Kellogg, the latter securing control of the steamer 
 after the Oregon Steamship Company retired from business. The Dayton was one hundred and seventeen fe«t 
 long, twenty feet beam, and four feet six inches hold. She remained in active service until about 1881. 
 
 The steamer Success was launched at Canemah, July 15, 1868. Her owners were Capt. E. \V. BaiiKliman. 
 D. P. Thompson and J. Winston, Baughman owning a controlling interest. She was a light-draft boat, hut wa.s 
 far from a success financially, and in February, 1869, passed into the hands of the People's Transportation 
 Company, who continued her on the upper Willamette, in command of Captains John W. Cochrane, deorge 
 Jerome and James Wilson.'^ Her last work on the river was in the service of the Oregon Steamship Coin|.. ly a 
 short time before that corporation went out of existence. She was at this time in charge of Capt. Dan Tacknberr}'. 
 Her dimensions were : length, one hundred and thirty-two feet ; beam, twenty-five feel ; depth of hold, four feet; 
 with engines sixteen by forty-eight inches. The little steamer Lewislon, which was brought down from Snake 
 River, was taken over the falls through the basin and operated on the upper Willamette, where she was renamed 
 the Ann, running from Albany to Eugene in conjunction with the Success. Below Oregon City the new line 
 connected for a short time with the Wenat. which made her first appearance this year. She was a diminutive 
 sternwheeler, equipped with the machinery from the old steamer Cowlitz. On complet.on she was operated on the 
 Cowlitz in charge of Capt. A. Boone, but after a short time was sold by the sheriff to Capt. Joseph Kellogg for 
 $3,000, and in May, 1869, was put back on the Monticello route, carrying pa.ssengers from Portland for fifty cents 
 and freight for one dollar per ton. Capt. J. N. Fisher succeeded Boone as master, and in 1K70 Capt. W. H. Smith 
 took command and ran her for several years. In 1874 Captain Kellogg operated her on the Columbia as far as 
 the Sandy, but her owners received a good offer and sold her in 1870 to Capt. J. C. Brittain of Seattle, whu took 
 her around in safety the same year and used her in the White River trade. She was also engaged in towing 
 barges for the Seattle Coal Company. Her last service was on the Skagit route in 1878. During the few years 
 spent on the Sound she was sunk four times. The la.st accident occurred in March, 1878, and was of such a 
 serious nature that she was never repaired, but was disposed of for $1,700 to J. H. Moss, who removed the engines 
 and placed them in another steamer. The Wenat was seventy-six feet long, seventeen feet six inches beam, 
 three feet six inches hold, with engines eight and one-quarter by thirty-six inches. 
 
 Communication by steamer was opened in May, 1868, between Astoria and Ilwaco at the mouth of the 
 Columbia, the U. S. Grant having been the pioneer on the route, which is now .so well known to the thousands 
 of " seasiders " who Aait the ocean-beach resorts north of the Columbia. The steamer was owned and operated 
 by Capt. J. H. D. Gray, formerly in the employ of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, and, while she did 
 not carry so many passengers as some of her successors, she was a great convenience to the residents of that 
 isolated section. The Oregon Steam Navigation Company was undisturbed on the Columbia during 1868, and no 
 new steamers appeared on that stream al)ove the mouth of the Willamette. The Okanogan ran to Astoria, .iiul the 
 Rescue was on the Cowlitz route. The Fannie Troup, Captain Turnbull, was running to \'ancouver willi no 
 opposition. 
 
 The traffic between Portland, Victoria and Puget Sound ports had l)ecoine of sufficient importance to 
 warrant a regular steamer, and in 1868 Jacob Kamm purchased the steamship George S. Wright and started her 
 in what proved a very profitable trade. Up to this time the business had been handled by the steamships of the 
 -HoUaday line on their trips to the Sound by way of the Columbia River, and when Kanim's plans Ivcame known 
 the Holladay people promptly dispatched the Active on the .same mission, both steamers remaining on this and 
 the Alaska route for .several years. Navigation of the Columbia and Willamette rivers was practically sus|H;nded 
 for the first two months of 1868, and for a period of fifty-one days no deep-water steamers were able t<i reach 
 Portland on account of the heavy ice, although for a good portion of the time they could go up as far as Catlilamet 
 and Oak Point without much difficulty. The ocean steamships on the Northern routes in 186H were : the •//uv, 
 California, Continental, Oriflamme, Del Norte, Pacific a.\\A John L. Stephens, the latter vessel going to Alaska Mveral 
 times with troops and Government supplies. The steamer Constanline, which had l)een registered uiukr the 
 American flag, also made a few trips between \'ictoria and San Francisco. The United States surveying steamer 
 Katie, in charge of Captain Bean, spent .some weeks at the mouth of the Columbia River surveying and Icxating 
 buoys and afterward went to Puget Sound. The steamer Neiv World, which had been expected to break \\\> the 
 
 '^ Capt. James Wilson was l)orn in France in 1827, and arrived at rortland in 1852 on the scliooner Emhoiis, and with Capt. 
 John Wolfe, who came on the same vessel, went as deckhand on the steaaier Multnomah, Captain I'auntleroy, for eighteen iiiuiithi. 
 Captain Wilson then visited the mines, and after returning was on the steamer Portland, remaining there for three or foin yean. 
 ana then going to the upper Columbia on the steamers Mary and Hassato, where he worked until iH<s9, at wliich time he ^ illed a 
 schooner between the Cascades and The IJilles for aliout six months. He then went to Celilo and ran as fireman on the 'Hanitr 
 Colonel Wright, Capt. Uen White, and afterward, until August, 1S60, was with Captain McNulty on the middle river, leavip ■ there 
 for the steamer Onward, on the upper Willamette, with Capt. George Pease. After firing on the .Surprise, Kfliej <ui<\ other 
 steamers for about three years, he joined the .fifi/cr^riV, serving as mate and pilot for six yep.rs. In 1870 he was sncces> ;^ely in 
 command of the steamers A'W(a«r^, A'cAo, .¥«rf«j, Albany and Alice. When the People's Transportation Company solil .mt, he 
 entered Holladay's employ, continuing with him and his succes.sors until 1889, with the exception of a short time in |8H,V v.licn he 
 was master of a construction steamer for the Canadian Pacific Railway Company on the Fraser River. He is at present In iiif!" 
 Clackamas, Or. 
 
The Alaska Purchase, Advent of Many Fine Steantera on Puget Sound 
 
 165 
 
 monupoh' of the Eiha Anderson on the Sound, this year followed in the wake of h(:r predecessors and was bought 
 in by till' owners of the Anderson and sent to San Francisco in command of Capt. Leon Smith, taking with her 
 as cari<i) the equipments and machinery saved from the wreck of the United States steamer Suwannee. Two other 
 well known steamers left British Columbia waters for San Francisco, the telegraph company's Mumford, which 
 bad spent the preceding year on the Fraser, going down in June in tow of the steamship California, and the 
 famous Diana leaving in October in charge of Capt. Leon Smith. Puget Sound's pioneer tugboat, the Resolute, went 
 skyward in a terrible explosion in August, six people losing their lives. Her place was filled by the arrival of the 
 
 tug Merrimac from San Francisco and the completion of the fine new 
 tug Favorite at Utsalady in October, the latter vessel being still afloat 
 and in good order. Another fine tugboat, the Escort, was launched at 
 Coos Bay and proceeded to San Francisco under sail to be fitted with 
 machinery. In British Columbia the lake steamer Prince of Wales was 
 dismantled to furnish power for the new Victoria, under construction at 
 Quesnelmouth to run l>etween that place and Big Bar on the upper 
 Fraser. On Kamloops Lake, Capt. August Menenteau was running the 
 steamer Kamloops, a small sternwheeler of which he was master, 
 engineer and most of the crew, spending the greater part of the time 
 in the engine-room and steering the boat with lines leading up to the 
 pilot-house. 
 
 A new contract was made in September between the Crown 
 Colony and the California, Oregon & Mexico Steamship Company, by 
 which the latter was to receive a subsidy of $1,000 per month for the 
 mail and was to run one monthly steamship direct between San Fran- 
 ci.sco and V^ictoria and two by way of Portland, with additional steamers 
 if the trade demanded them, the passenger rates to be : cabin, $40 ; 
 steerage, $15. The California. Oregon & Mexico Steamship Company 
 was a power in the land at this period and had control of the postal 
 contracts on nearly every coast route of importance between Mexico 
 and Alaska. In consideration of valuable conce.ssions, the steamship 
 company made the Mexican Government a present of the old steamship 
 Panama, completely fitted out for a revenue and transport steamer, and 
 the Mexicans put her in commission on the west coast under the name Juarez. The lieaver. now past her 
 thirty-second birthday, was in the service of the Government surveying in the North, Capt. George Marchant," in 
 after years the last master of the old craft, l)eing one of the crew. The abandonment of the Ru.ssian-Ainerican 
 telegraph project withdrew from Northwestern waters several vessels which had been there for the past three 
 years in connection with that scheme, and in the fall the ships F.gmont and Nightingale 
 took alioard all of the material and sailed from Victoria for New York. 
 
 The coasting fleet during 1868 was so much larger than that of any previous 
 year, that a complete list of those l>e.st known in this trade is herewith given, with 
 tiaiiies of masters : to Puget Sound, ships David Hoadley. Italch ; Nicholas liiddle, 
 .\rey ; . Iiireola. Rcss ; fohn I.. Dimick, Winchell ; IUi:abeth Kimball, Hunker ; Ihlois, 
 Nickels; Mary t, lover. Miller; Samoset, Greenlief; Marmion, Boyd; John Jay, 
 Hughes; /( V«(,W .'/r/o«', Sands ; C"oytt/;;i*<», Stevens ; Atalanta, Barnes; barks Cold- 
 huHler. Fanihara ; .Milan, Snow ; Jenny Pitis, White ; Rival, Revell ; Chasca, Smith ; 
 Iconium, Mulgrove ; General Cobb. Spear : Christopher .Mitchell, I'aul.scn ; Florence, 
 Coley : .hchilcci, Thomp.son : Scotland, Alexander; Afoncynick. Marshall; l.conorc. 
 Ford ; .Adelaide Cooper, Bean ; Ocean Spray, Met/.ger ; .'ifary. Hanson ; Vidctte, 
 Merritt ; Dclau'are, Siiillal)er ; Onward. Kiiniey : Fremont, McLellan ; (ilimpse. 
 Bums ; Gem of the Ocean. Mitchell ; Caroline Read, Hinds ; /.egal Tender, Wiley ; 
 Oakland, Hatchelder ; Revere, Mclntyre ;" Vernon. Keller ; Carlotta, Black ; Oakhill. 
 
 CaI'T, Ckohuk Makciiant 
 
 Capt. Jauks MiiIntyrii 
 
 "Capt. Cieor^e Marcliaiit was liorii in Cnriiwall, HnRland, in 1845, and, its soon as lie Iw-inie (M enoii);li to >;(> tu sen, lie^an 
 sailiii); out of Knglish ports on deep-water ships to all parts of the world. lie arrived in Ilritish Coliiniliia in 1867 and found 
 employment on a vessel which, in that comparatively early day, was tenneil the o/it steamer Heaver. The pioneer craft was at tlial 
 lime en^.iKed in the ({eodctic service, for which purpose she was under charter to the British Ciovernment. Mnrchant remained 
 with the lieaver until 1871, then enKa)(e>l in mining for a year, and. on returning to the marine Imsiness, took coininaiid of the 
 Vnim, ineiilioii of which is made elsewhere. After leaviiiK this peculiar steamer, he SKain joined the lieaver, runniiiE with her at 
 ililTereiii times for over twenty years, and buviiiK his name inseparably connecte<l with this vessel of world-wide fame tnrouKh licin|{ 
 the last mail in command. Since the loss of the Heaver, Captain Marchant lia.s !>een einploye<l on several small steamers ruiininK 
 out of Victoria. 
 
 Cam. James Mclntyre, born in S.'oiland in iSji, arrived in Victoria in 1854 as second officer of the Kast India ship Marquis 
 0/ Hulf. miller charter to the Itndson's Baf Company. He left the snip at this point and went to San Francisco, and from there to 
 the ,Soii, 1 V Islands, where he traded for a iiumlier of years. He returiieil to San I'raiicisco in 1858, an<l, a year later, look command 
 of the i.irk ./»« hirry, owned by Capt. OeorKc Chase. On this vessel and tlie .Massachuu-tis he remained until 1866, leaving 
 Captain Chase's employ to take the ship Revere, which he saiteil for nearly twenty years. He went from her to the ship h'iiliara 
 lll.,vi\v.A\ he comii.anded for six years, and took charge of the steamer Cui/a Kica in the Nanaimo coal trade about six years 
 >Ko, an. I i^ still in that »»rvice. 
 
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 'rl't. 
 
 i ! 
 

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 1 66 
 
 Lewis <f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Capt. Pkank w. Cattbk 
 
 Gove ; P. M. Halt, Reynolds ; Sampson, Howe ; IV. .4. Hanks, Nickels ; Brontes, Van Name ; barkentims F'te 
 Trade, Buddington ; /««<■ A. Falkenberg, Gregg; Grate Roberts, Glidden ; Victor, Greenlief; W. H. Cauuy, 
 Boyd ; Emma Augusta, Higgins ; brigs /. R. Lunt, Stoddart ; Orient, Leiinan ; Tanner, McCarty ; T. \V. Lucas, 
 Friend ; Moneta, Bursley ; Crimea, Lassen ; Hidalgo, McAltep ; schooners Parallel, Johnson ; Forest King, 
 Ackley ; A. P. Jordan, Higgins. A few of these vessels carried occasional cargoes of coal from Bellitighaiii Bay. 
 and the following made several trips in the trade between the Bay and San Francisco : barks Amethyst, Swtnson; 
 
 Nestor, Bearse ; Torrent, Carleton ; Camden, Mitchell ; and k'lilosoff, 
 Robinson. In the Nanaimo coal traffic were the ships HI Dorado, 
 Plumme ; Isaac Jeans, Boyling ; Grace Darling, Gibbs ; I'lviny, 
 Arthur ; Dublin, Bievin ; Shooting Star, Peck ; Plying Eagle, Hayes. 
 The brigs Commodore, Robertson, and Orient, and the bark Videtit, 
 Captain Gatter," carried several lumber cargoes from the Moody ville 
 Milts. Some of the above mentioned made occasional voya^^es to 
 Coos Bay and the Umpqua, and in addition the following were in 
 the coal and lumber business : barks Narramissic, Allen ; Charin 
 Devens, Gilman ; brigs Hugh Barclay, Pray ; Francisco, Greene ; 
 Koloa, Williams ; Advance, Berry ; Kentucky, Eiliston ; Lucy Ann. 
 Chester;" Admiral, Newbury; Sheet Anchor, Butler;'" Perpctua. 
 Thornquist ; Mary A. Read, Johnson ; Monitor, Frost ; .Irago. 
 McAllep ;" barkentine Melancthon, Patterson ; schooners Legal 
 Tender, Hardwick ; Cora, Knacke : Drendnaught, Perriraan ; Hunk- 
 alalion. Morri.son ; John Bright, Swain; B. H. Ramsdell, Tiifls; 
 Louisa Morrison, Hewlett ; Enterprise, Camnian. To the I'liipqqa, 
 bark Sam Merritt, Trask ; schooners /(■'. F. Bowne, Hughes ; Pacific, 
 Gage ; Bobolink, Hughes ; Enterprise and Alaska. The schooners 
 running between San Francisco and Shoalwater Bay were engaged 
 mostly in the oyster traffic, and the best known vessels were the 
 .Sarah Louise, Jones ; Potter, Jones ; Ada May, Anderson ;'" Leah, 
 Foster ; .Inn Eliza, Winant ;'' and John and Samuel, Bowden. Tlie 
 Ann Eliza, and the Mist, Captain Hoxie, also made a few trips to 
 Yaquina. No coal and but little lumber being shipped from the Columbia, sailing coasters seldom visited the 
 river, and the few vessels engaged in the trade wtro dependent principally on the inward freight, which in those 
 
 "Capt. Frank W. Gatler was l>orn in New York in 1843, when (|uite young went to sea on a packet-ship sailing lietween New 
 York and Liverpool, in which service he remained for four years, and then went as mate on a hark running to the La Plata. In 18J9 
 he came to California on the ship Good Hope, which subse(|uently went to Calcutta, where the vessel took a cargo of coolies to the 
 coflee plantations, sailing thence to Savannah, Oa., where she arrived a few days before Sumter was fired upon, receiving 
 twenty-four hours' notice to leave or be confiscated. Captain Gatter was offered a position on the Confederate cruiser Petrel, which 
 was afterward sunk by the frigate St. /.aicirnee, but refused to serve under that flag, went to New York and enlisted in the I'liited 
 States Navy on the frigate Roanoke. After the battle between the .Merriiuac a\M Monitor, tUe A'i)i»«()*<' joined the Mississippi 
 squadron, and Gatter went through from Fort Henry to Uouelson and Vicksburg. In 1863 he was discharged, alter a iiieilical 
 examination, and in 1864 came to the Pacific Coast, where he has since remained. In 1869 he l)egan commanding vessels engaged 
 in the coasting trade, the old bark O'/imfise and the / 'iV/>7/t'lieing the best known of the sailing craK of which he had charge. When 
 the Northern Pacific Steamship Company commenced operations on the Sound, Captain Gatter was appointed Sound pilot fur their 
 steal' .ships, and has since lielil that position. He is an active member of the Brotherhood of American Pilots, and was First I'ilot of 
 Har or No. 16. 
 
 " Capt. Martin F. Chester was born in New Brunswick in 1846 and went to sea in lx>yhood. At the age of fourteen lie met 
 with a rough experience, being the only survivor of a schooner crew of nine men wrecked in the Hay of Hiscay. Young Cliesler 
 floated all night on the bottom of a boat, but was picked up the next day and landed at Madeira, whence he was .sent to Liverpool 
 by the British consul. His first work after his arrival on the Pacific Coast was on the old bark Chrislopher .Mitchell. He cciilinueil 
 sailing North in subordinate capacities until 1867, when he was put in command of the brig Lticy .-Inn, from San Fraiuisto to 
 Humboldt. He was next on the schooner .llida and the brig S/iee/ .// ./lor, v\ the Coos Bay coal trade, going from there to the 
 schooner Superior, riiuing lietween San Francisco and the Columbia River, anil next to the .schooner ./. P. Jordan, from Huiiiboldt 
 to southern iiorts. For a short time he was on the Ellipse, nt that period the largest sclio<iner on the Coast, and s.ibse(|uemly took 
 the bark/. W. .Seiiver for 11 few trips, eventually returning to the /ielipse, where he remaineil for nine years. He left this coniiimiid 
 to build the schooner l/aleyon, which he disposed of and retired. Ihrec years later he embarked again and served on cdiislitg 
 steam vessels most of the time as first officer, except for a period of two years as master of the steamer Lakme. Captain Chester 
 holds first-class licenses on Puget Sound from Taconia to the sea, and on Gray's Harbor and coastwise to Alaska. He is at present 
 living at San Francisco. 
 
 "Capt. C. H. Butler was liorn in Maine in 1841. He began \\\., seagoing career when quite young, and spent fifteen years 
 on the Atlantic Coast, mostly in the Ruro|>ean anil West India trade as mate. In 1867 he went to the Pacific anil served lituveeii 
 San Francisco and Coos Bay as master of the brig .Sheet Anclior. He was alterward connected with the brig Arago, scluiouer 
 (Sotaina, in which vessel he was part owner, and the steamers Hastporl, Umpire, and (iussie Tel/ai': When the latter was lost in 
 1880 he retired to a farm for a year, and then went to San Francisco and built the schooner Heulah. He subsequently reliiriicd to 
 the Umpire, running north from San I''rancisco to British Columbia ports, the SoiiiiJ. Columbia River, and Coos Bay. In 1^-91 h< 
 built the steamer Homer at Co<|uille, Or., and ran her for a year. He then aliandoned the water and is now living at Arago. ( >r. 
 
 '"Capt. William J. McAllep, of the schooner Corona, was born in Luliec, Me., came to the Northwest in 1864, iiiil has 
 been sailing out of San Francisco since that time, his first schooner lieiiig the dolden State. From her he went as mate pf the 
 bark Ork, and two years later took couiniand of the bri^ .Irago. Since then he has lieeii master of the following vr>sels: 
 barkentine Of<i'dfe»i/,'wliicli was lost on Coos Bay, barkentine Melanelhon, schooners Enterprise, Sparrow, Trustee, and < ''i>iiii, 
 owning an interest in the latter. Captain McAllep has lieen in the employ of A. M. Simpson for twenty-two and of Hall Hi ithen 
 for eleven years. 
 
 "Capt. Caspar H. Anderson of San Francisco was born in Denmark in 1844, and commenced his marine service in l.'^-'i as a 
 \x>y on the topsail schooner llygeia, reaching the United Stales in 1861, and after a couple of trips to the West Indies canu :u the 
 
The Alaaka Purchase, Advent of Many Fine Steamers on Puget Sound 
 
 167 
 
 days «.i^ not handled as cheaply by the steamers as at present. The fleet running into the Cohimbia included 
 
 the barks Zephyr, Trask ; Helen W. Almy, Freeman; Almalia, Richardson; /.w K«//Xvr, Wiggin ; Occident. 
 
 Simpsdii ; Whistler, Fuller ; Rainier, Hayden ; and the brigs Brewster, Corno, and iXortli Star, Crowell. Other 
 
 sailing \'c'ssels niade occasional voyages there, but the business in this line was small compared to that of Puget 
 
 Souml, which had over thirty vessels enrolled in that district and thirty-nine others making regular trips. This 
 
 large floet, together with nearly as great a number of ships coming from foreign ports for lumber, niade business 
 
 good for towboats and pilots wherever these modern necessities could 
 
 be fouiul, and a bill pas.sed the Washington Legi.slature for the 
 
 .-ippoiiitment of a board and the e.stablishment of a regular pilot 
 
 ser\'ict. The \'ictoria men built a stanch new schooner for their use 
 
 ill bo'jrdiiig inbound .ships, and, with the presence of several tugboats 
 
 on botli sides of the line, shipping was well attended to. The Colum- 
 bia RiviT cleared its first grain vessel in 1S68, the //eien Angier, 
 
 having been the pioneer in this trade destined in after years to be the 
 
 means uf disbursing millions of dollars among tugs, rilots and the 
 
 pur\-eyors of marine supplies. The most important arrival of the 
 
 year at Portland was that of the bark Sallic Brown from New York, 
 
 the pioneer in a new line established by A. S. Mercer, who had made 
 
 himself famous by bringing a cargo of women from the Fast a few 
 
 years before. It had been five years since any sailing vessel had 
 
 arrived at Portland direct from New York, and the Sallic Brown was 
 
 accorded a hearty welcome. She was one hundred and seventy days 
 
 on the voyage, and on arrival was loaded with flour and wheat and 
 
 started back to the port from whence she came. Another noteworthy 
 
 arrival of (juestionable value to the country was that of the French 
 
 ship Joiuie Alice, which reached Portland from Hongkong with four 
 
 hundred and thirty Chin - passengers, the first shipload ever brought 
 
 direct to the Northwest, but unfortunately not the last. Several 
 
 pretentious sailing vessels were set afloat in 1868, it having become a 
 
 generally accepted fact that this portion of the country could furnish 
 
 the material for almost any kind of a marine craft. From Coos Bay the 
 barkeiitine Mclancthon, built at that point in 1867, made her maiden trip to 
 San Franci.sco in command of Captain I'attersoti, who is still sailing up and 
 down the coast. At Port Orchi.;d the barkeiitine Grace Roberts. 269 tons net 
 Bi ^^^^^ \ register, was con.structed at a cost of nearly $,^0,000, and at Port Madison the 
 
 ^^^^^^^ \ .schooner lUida, of 179 tons register, w<is launched in the fall for her master, 
 
 ^H|[^^^^V Uloff Mattson. A schooner of 135 tons register, named the Favorite, was built 
 
 "T^ ^^H^^^^ "' Sooke, B. C, for Captain McKay, and the small schooner Bimkalalion was 
 
 ^" <^V^^ added to the fleet turned out at the yards on Coos Bay. At X'ancouver, 
 
 jB^Jkj' ▼ Wash., a hundred-ton .schooner was completed for James Crawford and J C. 
 
 Durgiii. but was used mostly on the river for carrying wood and Goveriiinent 
 supplies to Fort Canity. Barratry cases were not of fie<iuent occurrence in the 
 Northwest, and their rarity made them all the more conspicuous when brought 
 to public notice. One of the most notal)le on record was that of the .schooner 
 .v. .S'. Bailey, which sailed from San Franci.sco for Victoria in the .spring and 
 M.as not heard of for many months. .Vfter waiting nearly a year without 
 tidings of the ves.sel, the insurance was paid. Shortly afterward a report 
 re.iched California that the schooner had been seen at a New Zealand port. 
 An investigation followed, which resulted in the cai)tuie of Captain Kobbins, 
 who had left San Francisco in command of the .schooner. He was found in 
 
 .Melbourne, and, after being jailed, told the whole .story. Prior to leaving San Francisco he had arranged with a 
 
 commission man named Rinehart to parll) load the vessel with stone and rubbish, and then take in a showing of 
 
 CaPT. CAhl'AK H. ANDEKSll.N 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 ^-^^ 
 
 CaI'TAIN I'ATTKKSON 
 
 n 
 
 ■\m. 
 
 H;i. 
 
 Pacific' Coast in I.S62. He was mate oil coasting vessels for several years, and in 1S69 was appoinle<l master of the scliooner./i/a Afin: 
 I'rom lur lie went to tile scliooner Afttllhch' Tiiinei. which he sttileil for ei^ht years, most of the lime in the .Maska Iraile. lie has 
 since linl command of the steamers Kiirluik, .SI. /'dill, Biiilin and I'liiffie.sii. lie was on the Heillia for live years, anil has had 
 cliarKf III the laltcr for two years. 
 
 " \V. I). Winant. mate, was horn in New York City in 1850. Ills first marine experience on this Coast was on the schooner 
 Anna I'lizii. sailinK ln'tween San Francisco ami Yat|uina Hay. He left her in 1.S67 lo v;o on the schooner Loiiisa .SiiiifisuH. anil 
 aflerw.i;! ran 011 San l''ranoisro Hay for several years. lie retnrneil to Va<|nina Hay in i.Sfi|, lint attain visited .San Trancisco. K"iiiK 
 from ihi ic to the South Sea Island pearl lislieries. After his return he spent several months in the Shoalwater Hay oyster trade, and 
 afterw 1: 1 took the schooner J.iziie ami operated her in that Imsiness for a iiuiiilier of years hetween San Francisco and Vaipiina. 
 lie W.I- .11 the schooner .J//ji /;/</ for fonr years as mate and made several trips to the Willamette River. I'or.sonie time past he has 
 Imii in lie ferry and oyster trallic on Yaquina Hay. 
 
 y Ml 
 
1:: 
 
 i 
 
 i68 
 
 Lewis c? Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Nortfiweat 
 
 genuine cargo, insure it all highly, and when well outside the captain was to scuttle the vessel and return to port. 
 Once safely on his way Robbins weakened, concluded that it was a shame to destroy so good a vessel, cliaiiged 
 his course and sailed for the Sandwich Islands, where, on arrival, he sold the cargo and invested the procci.'d.s in 
 cocoanut oil. With this commodity he bore away for New Zealand, where he disposed of the oil at a prufit uf 
 four thousand dollars, half of which he gave to the crew and with the remainder went to Mellx)urne and was 
 enjoying life when arrested. Rinehart, his partner, who had previously received eighteen tliousand dollars 
 insurance, heard of the plight of his as.sociate, and disappeared before he could be apprehended. Rol)1)ins was 
 never extradited for the offense and escaped punishment by jumping his bail. 
 
 The traders on the coast of Vancouver and Queen Charlotte's islands had always been confronted with a 
 greater danger than shipwreck, and in 1868 the numerous outrages committed by the Indians culminated in the 
 murder of the entire crew of the GrotvUr, a well known Puget Sound .schooner. The vessel left Victoria in March 
 with a $35,000 cargo for the American Fur Company at Sitka and was wrecked off Cape Murray, (jueen 
 Charlotte's Island, the following persons losing their lives : Capt. Horace Coilin, George H. Sprague, a iieplieu 
 of Governor Sprague of Rhode Island, George Nichols, Abraham Jackson, Thomas Riley, A. .Stewart, 
 C. A. Thompson, John Shepard, Samuel Thompson, Harris McAlmond, a half-breed woman, and a yoitiiK man 
 from San Francisco. None of the crew ever reached civilization again, and their exact fate will always remain a 
 mystery, although guarded statements of the natives made years afterward prove that those who escaped death 
 
 when the schooner was wrecked met a worse fate in the hands of the 
 Hydah Indians. A few weeks after the disappearance of the GnKikr, 
 the schooner Nanaimo Packet, which afterward came to a similar end, 
 reached the .scene of the disaster, and Captain Stevens went asliore to 
 get one of the Grotvler's anchors, but l)efore he could return to his 
 vessel he was seized by the savages and robbed of $600. His escape 
 from death was only due to the fact that part of his crew were still on 
 the schooner in plain sight, but. beyond the reach of the marauders. 
 Numerous indignities of a like nature had been forced upon .>ievtral 
 of the trading fleet, and human life was becoming very cheap among 
 all the trilies. The first man to turn the tables on the bloodthirsty 
 ruffians was Capt. J. D. Warren" of Victoria, who had been trading 
 for a long time with the sloop Thornton. On June 13, 186.S, he was 
 cruising along the .shore of the mainland near the head of N'aiK'ouver 
 Island, and was tacking near Storm Island, when a small canoe 
 containing two Indians came alongside, one of whom asked the 
 Captain to go in and anchor, as they had a great many furs and 
 desired to trade. Captain Warren did not care to ei.*er and told 
 them so, but, while they were talking, two more boatloads came up, 
 and he gave tliem a towline, but the visitors did not offer to make fast 
 and seemed to be waiting for others. They finally pulled in near the 
 bow of the sloop, and Captain Warren went forward and saw that 
 they had about a dozen muskets concealed under some blankets in 
 one of the canoes. He at once ordered the men on the sloop to show 
 the natives that they were armed, and, when he exhibited his rifle. 
 the chief asked him what he intended doing with it. Warren pointed to tho.se in the canoe and told him that 
 fue first man to touch a gun would be killed and that they had better go away. The wily savage made no 
 answer, and Warren informed the crew that he believed that they would get out of the scrape. The chief 
 understood him, and at a signal all of them closed in, and the fun began. The blanket was thrown ol". and 
 every Indian seized a musket ; but, before they had an opportunity to make u.se of their firearms, the crew oi 'he 
 Thornton began shooting, and two of their assailants lay dead in the canoes. Captain Warren was aided !)>■ a niant 
 sailor known as Big Bill and a man called Steve. Ere the natives could recover from the effect of the first 
 shots. Big Bill was on deck with a rifle in one hand and a revolver in the other, and his artillery, together with 
 the two rifles in the hands of Steve and Warren, dropped four Indians at the next volley. Steve was severely 
 wounded in the onslaught, and dragged himself to the cabin, leaving the others to fight it out. The Indian pilot 
 of the sloop now took a hand in the battle and killed two of his countrymen. Captain Warren had a repeating 
 rifle, which was a puzzle to the attacking party, who apparently could not understand why it could seemingly 
 shoot forever without reloading. The lively dodging indulged in by Warren and his big assistant pre\'-Mted 
 them from taking effective aim, and, when the last man in the first canoe went down before a bullet from the 
 repeater, they withdrew with a loss of fourteen killed and six wounded, one of whom died the next day. W irren 
 received a charge of buckshot, which laid him up for a long time, and the man Steve was seriously injureii but 
 both recovered, and it was many years after this occurrence before another trader was attacked. 
 
 Capt, Jamrh I). Warhkn 
 
 "Capt. James D. Warren was one of the pioneers of the sealing liusioess in British Columbia, and for over a quaiirofa 
 century has occupied a prominent place in British Columbia marine matters. A sketch of bis life will be found in the '""ing 
 chapters of this work relating to the sealing industry. 
 
The Alaska Purchase, Advent of Many Fine Steamers on Puget Sound 
 
 169 
 
 Tlie year 1868 was a record breaker for marine disasters. Over half a million dollars worth of property was 
 lost in lunnerous wrecks, and at least fifty people |)erished. The first of the Northwestern fleet to meet with a 
 seriou-. mishap in 1868 was the bark //. L. Rutgers, wrecked nt Point Honita, January ist. .She was <•// route from 
 Seal>iH k ill command of Captain Marston, and, during a fo^;, ran in too close to the dangerous spot known as the 
 Hotatii I'atch. Reali/.ing his peril, the Captain let go his anchor, but it failed to hold, and the vessel .soon 
 dragnfd on t!ie rocks and was beaten to pieces. The crew were rescued by the tug Sol Thomas and taken to San 
 Fraiicisi'o. The A'«4'^tvi was a bark of four hundred and five tons register, built at Per*: Amboy, N. J., for the 
 RussiaiiAmerican Telegraph Company ; but, with the collapse of this scheme, a seven-eighths interest was 
 sold til Adams. Blinn & Co., who valued their holding at Si 2. 000 The other share was the property of a 
 eoiiftdtrate oflicer, but after it was confiscated the ownership was never definitely .settled. On Thursday, March 
 19th. the British ship Fanny, formerly the Vortiirern, 8</> tons. Captain Arthur, owned by Rosenfeld & 
 Bermiiisliam of San Francisco, loaded i,,vv^ to'"* of coal at Nanaimo and sailed for the Hay City in company with 
 the Il.iwaiian bark Rosalia, which was loaded with 150,000 feet of lumber from Burrard's Inlet for the Hawaiian 
 Islands. The Rosalia was in tow of the /sabel. Captain Pamphlet, having left Burrard's Inlet on Wednesday 
 afternoon. On the way down the Fanny was taken in tow, and the ves^sels proceeded in the following order : /sahil, 
 Fanny and Rosalia. When nearly opposite San Juan a gale struck the fleet. The Rosalia's hawser parted ; she 
 drifted astern, and, after beating about until 5:00 A. m. Friday, stranded on Discovery Island. The Fanny had 
 gone but a short distance 
 when her hawser also parted, 
 and. l)ofore her sails could be 
 set. she drifted in the same 
 direction. Both vessels beat 
 heavily all night. The Rosa- 
 lia, k'ing on the south side of 
 the island, received the full 
 sweep of the wind, and, liefore 
 day dawned, her bottom was 
 knocked out. The Fanny, 
 striking on the ea.st shore. 
 was less exposed, but, owing 
 to her lieavy cargo, she soon 
 .settled on the rocks and was 
 full of water when the crew 
 left her. All hands were 
 landrd in the ship's boats. 
 The I'liiinr's cargo was valued 
 at S.'7,<>io, and the wreck .sold 
 for Si.itx) ; that of the Ro.ta- 
 lia was valueil at $14,000, 
 and her wreck brought $4^,0. 
 The rnite<l States steani.ship 
 
 -'^''-''■^.:>j&m»m ,.^. . 
 
 ni.n liriHjKnoi'SK ani> Hahih)k. Nanaimo. 11 c. 
 
 Sitaa iniif . while going 
 'h iinuli Shadweil pa.ssage. 
 Quwii Charlotte's Island. June 9, isr,8, struck a rock with such force that she was impaled, and it was impossible 
 to release her. The tide falling, she could not withstand the strain and went to pieces. The accident occurred 
 alioul twenty-five miles north of Fort RuiJert, and the Hudson's Bay steamer Ot/er was dispatched to the scene of 
 the wreck and rescued the crew, conveying them to X'ictoria. As there was no hope for the ves.sel, the steamer 
 AV.-, I (■,.;•/(/ was sent with a crew to strip the hulk of its armament and such portions of the machinery as were 
 renio'-iMe and transport them to San Francisco. The Su^anmr was a comparatively new vessel, built in 1864. 
 and was of about one thou.sand tons burden. She carried twelve guns and a crew of one hundred and seventy. 
 The (itlieers in command at the time of the disaster were : Richard Law. commander; M. W. Sanders, George 
 \V. W Dods, F. Wildes and C. U. Clark, lieutenants ; Thomas P. Wilson, ma.ster ; John H. Hunt, Charles Greenlief 
 and 1; A. Reilly, engineers; M. B. Cu.shing, paymaster. The steamer Resolute, which will always occupy an 
 important place iti marine history as the first tugboat on Pnget .Sound, was towing a raft of logs down the 
 SquMxon Island passage, near Olympia, Augu.st ly. 1868, and. when near the foot of the i.sland, her boiler 
 exploded with a force that completely wrecked the steamer, damaging the hull .so that it sank immediately, 
 carrying down the stunned and brui.sed men with those who were killed outright. Capt. Thomas Guindon was 
 in the pilot-house and was blown into the air, alighting on .some wreckage. A piece of the boiler which 
 descended an instant later .struck him on the leg, breaking it and injuring his arm. He was severely scalded but 
 cluiiK to his raft until rescuers arrived, who took him in a canoe to Olympia, where he received medical 
 attenl.inee. The other survivor, Janeo h, the mate, was not so seriously injured, and was picked up by a 
 
170 
 
 Lewis (f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 1: 
 
 i'.'-. 
 
 i! 
 
 farmer living near the scene of the accident. The other six men aboard were either instantly killed or so badly 
 injured that they were drowned when the vessel foundered. The missing were: Joseph Shannon, engineer; 
 Andrew Smith and Barnet Dagnall, firemen ; H. W. Perkins, deckhand ; Leonard Greene, n passenger ; and the 
 Chinese cook. 
 
 The steamship De/ Norte on her final trip encountered a heavy fog in Portier Pass and after starting througii 
 attempted to back out into the gulf, but was caught by the tide and swung round until she backed into Canoe 
 Reef, displacing her rudder and tearing away her false keel, which floated up alongside. She remained on 
 the reef, and her cargo of coal was .shifted forward, leaving her stern dry at low water ; but, as the tide receded, she 
 took a sheer to starboard, breaking the sternpost, and going over until the foreyards were submerged. When 
 the tide rose the sea rushed in through the bottom .so rapidly that the men were driven out of the hold. The 
 accident happened October 21st, and at daylight on the twenty-second the passengers were taken ashore, together 
 with the effects of the crew and the furniture and other movables which could be handled. As soon as possible an 
 effort was made to raise the vessel, and a contract was signed with Broderick of Victoria to get her afloat. He 
 secured some large barges at Port Ludlow, which he started in tow of the Otter in November, but, a few hours 
 before reaching the .scene of the disaster, a heavy southeast wind began blowing and stirred up a sea which lifted 
 the steamer off the reef, and she .settled in over ten fathoms of water, rendering it impossible to save her. 
 
 The schooner Louisa Dozens fitted out at Port Townsend in July with a party of prospectors from Portland, 
 bound for the Stickeen River, and was wrecked in Peril Straits a few weeks later. The crew reached shore on an 
 island near the entrance to Bering's Bay, and were taken from there to Sitka by some Indians. No tidings were 
 received for six months after their disappearance, and it was the generally accepted belief that they had met their 
 fate at the hands of the Indians. The bark D. M. Hall, Captain Harrington, was coming to Coos Bay from San 
 
 Franci.sco, Octobers, 1868, attempting to sail 
 against an ebb tide. The wind died out, the 
 dense fog and smoke rendered it difficult to 
 work back to sea, and in a very short time 
 she was aground on the south spit, where she 
 rapidly pounded to pieces. Two of the crew 
 were lost. The vessel was an old-timer on 
 the Coast, had been overhauled in San 
 Francisco two years before, and was thought 
 to be in very good order. She went into 
 the Cor-s Bay lumber trade after she was 
 repaired, and at the time of her loss was 
 four days out from San Francisco in ballast. 
 The schooner Thos. Woodward, Cap- 
 tain Arthur, from Victoria for Fort Wrangel, 
 was running before a strong southeast wind 
 on the evening of November 25th, when .slie 
 struck a reef at Shelter Point, near Cape 
 Mudge, thirty miles above Comox. She was unable to get afloat and on the .second day rolled over on the reef, 
 and the sea soon knocked her to pieces. Captain Lewis arrived the next day with the Otter and bought the 
 wreck for $105. The pa.ssengers went on to Sitka on the Otter, and the captain and crew came down on the 
 Surprise. Tlie schooner was loaded with Government stores and also carried about $20,000 in treasure, the entire 
 cargo being valued at $60,000. The vessel was owned by Taylor & Bendel of San Francisco, and when the 
 captain reached San Franci.sco the following year he was arrested on a charge of stealing the treasure and dividing 
 it between himself and two other men who were on board at the time. 
 
 The schooner Noyo, with a cargo of lime, struck on the bar at Coos Bay and came in leaking so badly t'la' 
 the lime .set fire to the vessel, damaging it so seriously that it was beached and allowed to burn. The bark Tornnl. 
 a well known old-timer, went ashore in Engli.sh Bay, Ala.ska, becoming a total loss, and in October the bark (Iceaii 
 was wrecked at Dungeness, being too old and tender to get afloat after stranding. The British bark Oliver Coulls, 
 in the coal trade between Nanaimo and San Francisco, was lost on Alcatraz Island while sailing into the 
 harbor of San Francisco. Another disaster of the year was the sinking of the steamship Constantine near Active 
 Pass. The vessel was subsequently raised and repaired. The American bark Delaware, from Sitka for Port 
 Townsend, ran ashore at Fisguard lighthouse, December 31st, was sold for a few dollars, and floated in good 
 condition less than a month after the disaster. The little steamer Lizzie Horner had two boiler explosions on the 
 Sound, but no serious damage resulted ; and the steamer Sea Foam sank at the mill wharf in Burrard's Inlet in 
 Novemlier. At Portland a steam pipe on the steamer Alert burst and scalded the mate on the vessel so severely 
 that he died soon after the accident. 
 
 Puget Sound made wonderful strides in the growth and development of her marine interests in i86u. and 
 the waters of the inland sea were churned by the wheels of finer and faster steamers than any which Iia.l yet 
 appeared. The Oregon Steam Navigation Company, with its wealth and power, had practically conqiered 
 
 .^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 *-.' 
 
 
 Stuambk "Princess Louise," Fohmbklv thk "Olvmpia' 
 
The Alaska Purchase, Advent of Many Fine Steamers on Paget Sound 
 
 •7' 
 
 Cai-t. Ciiablrh K. Clancbv 
 
 everytliiiig on the Columbia, and early in the spring arranged to begin active o]>erations on the Sound. Frank 
 Dodge who had long been in the company's employ on the river, was sent over to the new field to take 
 cliargL' 111 affairs ; and in February the steamer WHson G. Hunt again paddled into \'icloria harl>or after an absence 
 often years, having been taken around from the Columbia by Capt. W. I. Waitt, who continued in command 
 
 after her arrival, with Thomas Smith, chief engineer. James Oallegher, 
 assistant, and J. Myrick, purser. Naturally the old /://.;» Anderson was 
 no match for the Hunt in point of speed, and the peace attendant on the 
 vanquishment of the Neu' IVorld in the preceding year was short-lived. 
 Kates were cut, and a merry war was declared as .soon as the Ilitiil liegan 
 running, but it was far from being the one-sided contest of a few months 
 before, os both parties were financially e(|uipped for a .struggle of alnio.st 
 indefinite length. It was probably a perfect understanding of that fact 
 which induced them to compromise, and in Octol)er the Xtw World pa.ssed 
 into the hands of George S. Wright and I). B. Finch, adding another to 
 the unbroken line of victories which marked the .-hidfrion's career for 
 over a decade. Captain Finch took command of the //«/// and ran her 
 for a short time, Waitt remaining with him as pilot. The owners of the 
 Anderson had realized ere this that the time was rapidly approaching 
 when the pioneer steamer would no longer hold the trade, and. In-fore the 
 arrival of the Hunt, George S. Wright had jilaccd an order for a new 
 sidewheeler with John Unglish & .Sons of New York. This steamer was 
 called \.\i^aOlympia, and arrived in San Francisco, Novemlter lytli. seventy- 
 five days from New York, in command of Capt. James liolger, who 
 .superintended her construction, with James King '' as chief engineer and 
 George Hutchinson, first officer. The Olympia was one hundred and 
 eighty feet long, thirty feet beam, and twelve and one-half feet hold, brig rigged and with a hull constructed 
 throughout of seasoned white oak. She arrived at Olympia, December ,vl, and made her initial trip on the 
 Victoria route four days later, running there until the following spring, when she was laid up for a short time. 
 In the meantime a new factor in Puget Sound transportation appeared, the steamer Alida. a sitlewheeler built by 
 a man named Nash, who had secured the mail contract between Olympia and Victoria. Nash commenced work 
 on his steamer at Olympia, but, becoming financially involved, .secured the assistance of \>,. A. and L. M. Starr. 
 two wealthy Portlanders who had had no previous experience in steaniboating, and before her completion Nash 
 uirned the Alida over to them. She was far from being a success as originally constructed, and in the spring of 
 1870 was remodeled at Seattle, and made her first trip on the Victoria route July 12, 1870. Capt. K. A. Starr 
 appearing on the records as ma.ster, although the pilot, Capt. Dan Morrison, was practically in charge. Thomas 
 Hoy was engineer, with James Griffiths, as.si.stant. The steamer was one 
 luiiidred and fifteen feet long, twenty-five feet beam, and six feet hold, wi'.h 
 engines fourteen atid one-half by sixty-six inches. She was fitted with twelve 
 staterooms and was a neat little craft, but no match for the handsome Olympia, 
 which was put on the route in opposition as soon as she appeared. The latter 
 vessel made matters so interesting for the new steamboatmen that they decided 
 to build a boat which would run enough faster and cheaper to enable them to 
 drive the Anderson's successor from the field. They accordingly began work on 
 the sidewheeler North Pacific, and. when that steamer was completed and brought 
 to the Sound, the Starrs ended the struggle by paying the owners of the Olympia 
 a subsidy of $7,500 per year to take the boat away. 
 
 The Olympia .steamed down to San Francisco, July, 1871, and soon after 
 her arrival was granted another liberal subsidy for non-interference with the 
 California steamers. In 1.S72 .she attempted to run on the San Francisco and 
 Portland route, but was soon withdrawn and made a voyage to Honolulu, also 
 running for a short time to Humboldt, retiring again in 1873 with her double 
 subsidy still in force. In 1878, after an absence of seven years, during which the Starrs had paid her owners 
 over fifty thousand dollars, the Olympia was again taken to the Sound by George S. Wright, but had difficulty in 
 finding profitable trade. She arrived in July and made a few trips between \'ictoria and Sound ports, then ran 
 
 John Rohrrthon 
 
 '^ James Kin);, probably the oldest iiiuriiie enK>tieer 011 tbe Pacific Coast, was horn in Fairlax, V.i , in 1812, ami bi'^an his 
 inariiiiiic career in New York in i8,?o in the employ of Coiinnoilore Vandcrbilt and Robert I,. Stevens. His lirst trip to the I'acific 
 was ill 1.S51 aa chief engineer of the steamship America. After a short stay in San Krancisco he ruturneil to the Hast, visiting the 
 Wesl ai;,iiii ill 1853 on the steamer Pacific, then going back to New York, where he reniaiiieil live years. In iSs.S he entered 
 the eiii|ilMy of the Wrights, serving for several years with them, going from San Francisco to China with the /o/;;/ T. IVrii;/!! at the 
 lime sliL was sold. He ran for a long period north and south from >San Francisco on the old steamer Santa Cruz. anil, when the new 
 Olyiii/>:ii was ready for the Puget Soun<l trade, Mr. King went East to take charge of her engines on the long voyage around the 
 Horn. lie followed his vocation on various routes out of the Bay City until about i88c, when he retired, and is at present living at 
 Niles, '.'.iiueda County, Cal. 
 
X7I 
 
 ieii'/» <f Dryden'i Marine Hiitory of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 
 ■| 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 91 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 E -^ 
 
 
 
 Wm^ 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 v'*/.- 
 
 
 7P 
 
 ^ 
 
 wr--' -^ 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 CAPT. I'lDWAKD NiCIIOLH 
 
 irregularly to Portland and in September paid a visit to Alaitka. The Htidson'M Hay Company were at tliis time 
 at war with Capt. John Irving, who was oiierating the W'Hsoh G. Hunt l)etw»;en Victoria and New We.stniinster, 
 and, as their ancient steamers were no match for the Hunt. Wright induced them to piircha.se the Ohmf>ia for 
 
 seventy-five thousand dollars. The transfer was made in OctoUr, she 
 was at once enrolled under the Uritish flag, and in command of Capt. 
 H. O. Lewis started in opposition to her old ally, the //««/. Slu madi' 
 her last voyage under the name Olympia to Wrangcl in May, 1H7C,, and 
 on her return was christened the Primess Louise and registered from 
 the port of London. Under her new name and colors she coiitiiiiiL'd to 
 run out of Victoria in the interest of the Ilud.son's Bay Compnny until 
 the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company absorl>cd the steainlxiat 
 properti'is of that corporation. In 1885 she was extensively repaired 
 and has since been in almost continuous service, and is apparently good 
 for many years yet. Af^er passing under British register she was 
 commanded by Captains Lewis, McCulloch, Myers, Irving, White. 
 Glaholme, Ramsey," Rudlin, Jaggers, and others. 
 
 The Olympia's first antagonist, the Alida, was never a success, 
 and was laid up in Olympia in 187 1 after a year's work, but came out 
 again in 1873 and ran be- 
 tween Olympia and Seattle 
 in command of Capt. J. (>. 
 Parker. In 187,^ she took 
 the first passengers from 
 old Tacoma to the new 
 town to connect with the first railroad train to run in the Puget 
 Sound country. Captain Starr was succeeded in command by Cap- 
 tains Clancey," Browner, Wilson, (Irant. Parker, Morrison, and 
 others, and James Griffiths was chief engineer of the craft longer 
 than any other man. John Rol>ertson" also filled that position for 
 a few months. She was out of commission the greater portion of 
 the time after 1879. and in August, 1890, while laid up at Gig 
 Harbor, was burned to the water's edge by a brush fire which swept 
 down from the forest. Her engines were saved in a damaged con- 
 dition and are now lying in Lake's shipyard, in Ballard, Wash. 
 The AUda was not the only new steamer which encountered 
 financial difficulties in 1869, for a small propeller named the \ atiina, 
 built at Port Orchard, was libeled and .seized for debt before she 
 was put in commission. Capt. Samuel Jack.soii was placed in 
 
 charge pending the adjustment of 
 the difficulties, but was forcibly 
 removed by Captain Spalding, who 
 
 Cai'T CliMis Williams 
 
 "Capt. James Ramsey was born in tlie north of Ireland in 1829. He arriviil at 
 Esquimau in 1862, was mute on the luinlier schooner Alherni for two years and also run on 
 the schooner Alice Thorndyke. He served for five months between Victoria and Porllaml on 
 the steamer George S. Wright with Captain Lewis, commenced pilotinK on the .Sound in Ibe 
 British Columbia district in 1873, and has followed that calling ever since. His home is in 
 Victoria, H. C. 
 
 " Capl. Charles K. Clancey is a native of Oiiilfonl, Conn., and be);an stcamboatiiiK on 
 I'uget Sound in 1869 as purser on the steamer /. II. Libb\\ leuvinK her to enter the eni|iliiy of 
 the Starrs, who were then IwKinninK operations on the Sounil. Captain Clancey rose rijiidly 
 in his profession and followed the fortunes of the successors of I'incli S: Wright llirou);ii all 
 their years of prosperity until they were succeeded by the OrcRon Railway & Navit;:iiion 
 Company. He then took charge of affairs as manager of the water lines, and it is lar(;ely clue 
 to his exertions and remarkable executive skill timt the company enjoycil the cream of .vhal 
 was then a most lucrative traffic. Captain Clancey's success as a manaKer was dnc tu liis 
 thoroughly practical knowledge of tlie business. In every position, whether as mate, |iiiiser, 
 master or manager, he has enjoyeil the confidence of his employers and the esteem of the 
 public. On his retirement from the service of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Coinjiany. 
 Captain Clancey liecame superintendent of the Pacific Navigation Company, reniainini.; with 
 them until 1S94. During his career of a quarter of a century on the Sound, he has been 
 connected in some capacity with nearly every steamer on those waters. He is at present living in Tacoma. 
 
 '•John Roliertson, engineer, was born in Scotland in 1836 anil entered the service in iB.sj. He liegan firing on the Manning 
 Line out of Sydney, Australia, in 1858, and continued steamlioating and mining until 1861, when he came direct from I.oii Ion, 
 England, to the Coast, and found employment with the Hudson's Bay Company, joining tiie steamer O/Z^r as fireman. IN ; the 
 next nine years he was on various boats in this capacity, and subBec|uently joined the Wilson C. Hunt as engineer, ruuning lid " cen 
 Victoria and Olympia. He was afterward on the steamers George S. Wright and Cali/oniiii, going from one to the other, 
 leaving Ben HoUaday's line, he serve<i on the steamer /leaver. Captain Rudlin, and since then has been employed on iiearl\ 
 the local Imats anil a number of Puget Sound steamers, xmong them being the Alida, Grappler, Cariboo Fly and Afaiide. H< 
 present living in Victoria. 
 
 ROHBRT AIKKV 
 
 After 
 illof 
 is at 
 
The Alaska Purchase, Advent of Many Fine Steameri on Puget Sound 
 
 '73 
 
 ran tli< steamer over to Victoria, where hIi*? remained until matters were settled. Her owner, Captain Francis, 
 
 then tiink iitr l)ack to the American side, and in Fehruory, 1870, she l)egan ninninK <in the Sound in command 
 
 of Capt. Sam Jackson. In May .she was sold to mail contractor Na.sh for ten thousand dollars, and commenced 
 
 making a round trip jK-r week Iwtweeii Ulympia and I'ort Townsend, 
 in connection with the . l/iJa . hut the advent of the North Pacific 
 rendered her u.seless in that capacity, and she was sent around to the 
 Columbia, where she was iMiuKht l>y J. II. I), (iray and George 
 
 Warren, who put her into service on the Fort Canhy route in place of 
 
 ^,1^1^^. the //. .S. Gran/, and oflerward used her for a towhoat. Captain Oray 
 
 jfe/ ^^B^ operated her until 1876, and she was then turned over to the newly 
 
 organized Ilwaco Steam Navigation Company and ran on the Ilwaco 
 and Astoria route in charge of Capt. Al Harris, who was succeeded 
 in 1H78 by Capt. W. H. Whitconib, and he in turn by Capt. J. P. 
 Whitcomb. The .steamer ended her days on the Ilwaco route about 
 1880. The V'anina was seventy feet long, sixteen feet lieam, and six 
 feet hold, with eighteen liy sixteen inch engines. 
 
 The steam tug l-'avonle, which is still afloat on I'ugct Sound, 
 was completed at Utsalady in isr.9 by Orannan it Cranney, who built 
 her for towing for the mill at Utsalady. Capt. ICdward Nichols was 
 her first master, and was succeeded by Capt. Chris Williams. She 
 served as a tug until 1874, when P. I). Moore, the mail contractor, 
 secured her, and she ran in the postal service with William Waitt in 
 command. In 1876 the Puget Mill Company purchase<l the steamer 
 for #14,950, and, with the exception of intervals when she has been 
 laid up, she has Iwen u.sed 
 as a towhoat since. Other 
 masters in charge were 
 
 Doaiie, Williamson and Gove. J. C. Stanley.'' William.son, Grinwald, 
 
 Airey," and nearly all of the prominent tugboat engineers on the 
 
 Soimil, have worked on the steamer. The tug was last in the service 
 
 of the Port Madison Mill, and for a long time has Ijeen idle at I'ort 
 
 Madi.soii. 
 
 .Another fine tugboat, the .S". A. .Ifaslkk, was launched at Port 
 
 Di.scovery in 1.S69. She was built by W. A. Webster & Co. for S. L. 
 
 Ma.stick & Co., the sawmill men, and was sent to San Francisco under 
 
 sail and there fitted with engines by J. Lockhead, making her trial 
 
 trip as a steamer Septemlier 7th, and entering the .service as a towhoat 
 
 on Sail I'Vancisco Hay and bar, one of her first tasks being to tow the 
 
 ship Orion from San Diego to San Francisco. The launch of the 
 
 Masliih was delayed a day on account of the tide, and, while she 
 
 proved a good boat in many respects, her owners and masters always 
 
 averred that she was never able to make up for that lost twenty-four 
 
 hours. She was commanded by Captains I)e Lanty, William.son, 
 
 Oliver,"' vSinith. and many other well known tugboat captains, while 
 
 Dennis I,awIor,''= McGill, Kennedy and others handled her machinery. 
 
 CAIT J. I.. OI.IVKH 
 
 ■'.■m ' 
 
 > I 
 
 'J. C. Stanley, enKiiieer, was liorn in I'^iiKliinil, iiml in iS6fi laini' to l'n>;<'t 
 Sound, where liis first steanilxiatinK was on tlie .Vary Wiiojiulf v,\\h Captain iii:nms i.awh«k 
 
 Cos^jrovc. HoiiiK from tile Woixlmlf to the steamer Faroiilc. In 1S70 he was 
 
 oil \\w sUiiiiier lllitik Diamond witli Captain tlill, l)nt left soon afterward for tile Cohiiiil)ia River, where he was ennaRed on the 
 .steauur Miiiiiiuic with Captain IIol)son; Willnmetli' i'liiij. Captain IlanKliman ; (ioviiiiot (•io;,i. Captain Wilson lanil Heaver) ; 
 ll'cluiiin; Caiil. C.eorije Ainswortli ; Dikloliama. Captain Smith ; Culliofie. Captain llurKy; unA Miillno>iiali, Captains I'ope and Pease. 
 He has lueii on the Aftilhiomali since the day site was Iniilt. went to the Sound with her. and is still in charge of lier engines. 
 
 "Kohcrt .Airey, engineer, was horn in Scotland in iH.t7, and has been connected with the marine Imsiness since iS,<>9, 
 IwRinmii); when hut a hoy. He arrived in the Nortliwe.st in i86,s and coninieiiceil .steanihoatiuK on the Colninhia Kiver. Shortly 
 after ihis he served for a while on the steamer George S. Wriglil and then went to the .steamer Col/'iix, where he remained for 
 many uirs. jjoiiiK from her to the AnAW and thence to the steamer City 0/ StanwoiMi, of which he is at present chief engineer, 
 maliiiii; his home at Slanwoml. 
 
 'Capt. J. L. Oliver was horn ill Maine in 1844, and made his first sea vovage at the a^e of seventeen on the ship (7eneral 
 III hound for Liverpool. Returniii)> to New Vork, he continued sailing in the ileep-water service tor fourteen yeiirs, 
 nearly every part of the worlil and douhlinn Cape Horn six times. His first work on Pu^et Sound was on the U\a 
 . and he was master of the Sea Lion for two years. He was also eii^agetl for a loii>^ time as ni.'ite on the tiij.f Taeoitia, and 
 !k'e of the tugs /I'/j, Queen City, and a nunilier of other well known Sound steamers. When the old settlement of IVeeport 
 ilie metropolitan title of West Seattle, Captain Oliver took charge of the first steam ferry operated hetween .Seattle and its 
 sutiurh across the bay. Captain Oliver afterward commanded several steamers owned hy the Hastings Steamboat Company, 
 anil » ,. r,ir several months master of the Monlicello. 
 
 lleiinis I^awlor, engineer, was horn in Ontario in 1S42. ser\ed a three yeors' apprenticeship in the Bartley & Dnndall engine 
 work^ ,; Montreal, and subsequently worked with his father in the Hawksbury Mills. He came to the Pacific Coast in iS6a, and, 
 
 visitiiii 
 Mail!. 
 hail ell 
 assttin<- 
 thriviii 
 
 i !( 
 
 ■'i ■ 
 
 i! \ 
 
m 
 
 Lewis (J Oryden'a Marine Hietory of the Pacific Nortfiwesf 
 
 When tUKlioaN l>ecnme more plentiful on the Bay, the A/as/irk returned to the Sound and wan Imuvilit hy 
 MorKan Si HaxtinKH, who traded her to Capt, A. O. Benjamin in 1H86, receivinK in exchange the siiamer 
 Rusllfr iinil a .hcow. Benjamin xold her a few monthit later to Capt. David (iilmore, who expended ^l'vc^al 
 thousand dollars in refittint; her, changinK the old liiKh-prvH.ture engines for coni|M)und engines and making otiitr 
 improvements. After operating the vessel for a few years he dis|>ose<i of her to the Koss & McLaren Millin); 
 Company of Victoria, and she was placed under the British flag. The dimensions of the Masliik were: 
 length, one hundred and thirty feet ; beam, twenty-four feet ; depth of hold, twelve feet three inches. The 
 Phanlom, a small propeller built at Port Madi.s(m by Mr. Hornlieck for Captain Suffern, made her appeaninct in 
 1H69, and was operated us a ferry lietween Port Madison and Seattle until 1871, when her owner took her to I.ake 
 Washington and used her to tow barges for the coal company. She was afterward brought back to the Sound 
 and ran for a long time from Seattle to Ports Blakely, Orchard and Madison. In 1884 she was refitted by .Moran 
 Brothers and sold to Cupt. J. C. Brittain, who ran her on the Island route a short time and then dispo.sed of lier to 
 the Stimson Mill Company. In their service she was towing for a short time and was .subsequently sent to 
 Victoria, where she has since operated under British colors. The Phantom was sixty-five feet long, elevt-n feet 
 beam, and six feet hold, engines nine by eighteen inches. The l.innif was a small sternwheeler built at rtsalady 
 in 1869 by Grennan & Cranney for the mill company's work, and was afterward transferred to the HIakely 
 Mill Company. Capt. T. M. Brownell ran her for the Utsalady mills, and Capt. Frank Smith'" was master while 
 the Blakely company owned her. She was fitted with twelve by thirty-'six inch engines, which were unahle to 
 make her show much speed, and .she labored almost exclusively as a freight and tow boat. Capt. John Hill was 
 
 her I.Tst owner while she was used as 
 a steamer. He sold her to a firm of 
 brickmakers, who dismantled her and 
 utilized the hull as a lighter U-tween 
 \'ashon Island and Tacoma. 
 
 The people of Port Towiiseiid 
 and Seattle were no longer dependent 
 on the Victoria mail steamer or an 
 occasional towboat for transportation 
 facilities, as the steamer Siiarss was 
 making a round trip per day ln'tween 
 the two cities, calling at ICIiey's 
 Landing, Ports Ludlow and Ganil)le. 
 The steamer/. B. l.ibby was carrying 
 the mail on the Whatcom route, tak- 
 ing the place of the Maty Woodruff. 
 The ocean business between Portland, 
 Victoria and Puget Sound was han- 
 dled in iSfig by the (iiisw Tdiair,^ 
 vessel with a history of more than 
 ordinary interest. She was a Clyde 
 built propeller of about fiiur hundred 
 tons bu'.den, launched at Greenock in 186^^ for a blockade runner, and made a numljer of successful voyages 
 before she was captured by a United States vessel, taken to New York and sold to John T. Wright, who at once 
 fitted her out an<l sent her to the Pacific Coast. Holladay & Brenham were at that time buying everything which 
 threatened to interfere with their monopoly, and the Telfair soon fell into their hands and was started North on 
 her first trip early in 1869 in command of Capt. Fred Holies, who took her to Victoria. After he left her, Capt. 
 N. L. Rogers" was appointed master and ran her between Portland and Victoria, calling at Port Townsend, 
 
 after lieiii); eniployeil in San Franeisioo for some time, went to Nevada and worked in tlie Gould & Curry stauip mill. Hi^ left 
 tliirc witliin a sliort period and went to I'uget .Sound, finding employment as a macliiuist at the Port Oamlile Mills for lliree vt-ars 
 He then entereil the marine service on different steamers on tile Sound. He was on the sidewlieeler Colfax for a year ami with 111' 
 (loliali in 1X74, K"'"K la''^'' '" "'« sleamers yakima, HIakely and 5. A. Ma^liik, on all of which he occupied the position ol eliief 
 eiiKineer. In i,S79 he arriveil at Victoria and joined the steamer H^es/erH Slope, o( which he was chief engineer for six nuntlis, 
 runniiiK mi the Stickeen River, >;"'iiK afterward to the steamer GeiliuJe under the same iiianaKeineiit. He also servid on 
 this route on the Cassiar for a short time, and was sulisequently chief on the steamers Grafpler ami Beaver. In iHSa he riMiinied 
 to Seattle, workeil for a while in Williamson s shop, and then joined the steamer Josephine, remaining with her until her lioiler 
 explodeil He also ran on the steamer McNaiixlil, and has recently heen chief engineer on the tug /ilia IVIiile in liritisb 
 Columbia waters. 
 
 '"Capt. Frank Smith was born in France in I,S46 and commenced steamboaling on I'nget Sound in 1869. His first vessel 
 was the old doliali. He has Iwen almost continuously in the employ of the mill company on their towboats, and for several vein 
 post has had cominaiid of the venerable /'olilko/skv. 
 
 " Capt. N. I<. Rogers was born at Bath, Me., in 1837. He shipped before the mast at the age of fifteen, visitiir.; the 
 Mediterranean, I-'rance, (Ireat Dritain and the West Inilies. At eighteen years he was promoted to the position of third niile on 
 the ship /,/>;;> Haiwooil, and the following year became second mate. In 1859 he sailed from Bath on the brig Sheet .hulior, 
 arriving in San Francisco in i860. His first tierth on the Coast was as mate on the ship Amethyst in the Bellinghani I)ii> vn.l 
 traflic. A year later he went to Shanghai as first mate on the bark Daniel Webster. After a short coasting voyage the ves •! *w 
 sold at Kanagwa to the Japanese Government, and Captain Rogers returned to San Francisco as a passenger on the ship dm :v.v». 
 
 SfKAMKIIir (ll-SHIK TKLFAIK ' 
 
Thu Alaska Purchase, Advent of Many Finn Steameri on Paget Sound 
 
 '75 
 
 Sentlli Sttilacooiii and Olympin. SherwiMid, Slioll nml Ilnyen were in chnrKc on the -tame roiitf, niul in 1H7J 
 Capt. 1 J Ainsley ran her lM:t\veen the Sound and Alii^ka. Slie was laid up in I'ortland for Hcvoral mouths in 
 1.S74, iui'l waH finally taken to San Francisco hy Capt. Peter Mackie. In 1H75 Af; went North again, calliuK at 
 Slioalwiu-r Uay on the way up and K<>i>>K ''■'oni tlic Sounil to Alaska, Captain (lardiner in conitnaiid. She 
 contiiuml on the northern routes in the service of the Oregon Steamship C'inipaiiy, as the liolladay line was now 
 callcil iiiilil 1K7H, when she was purchased by Frank Mariiard, wlio refitted her for the Coos Hay trade. Imt 
 ,il)an<l'>iii'<l the route in iHHo and visited llonululu, faring so badly 
 tliat 111' aniiin placed her on the Coos Bay route, wheie she was wrecked 
 in Sfiiiiiii''er, iHKo, soon after leaving Marshfield. The Hiissif I el/air 
 was (till hundred and sixty feet long, twenty-two feet ))eam, and ten 
 fceldti'ili of liold, with engines thirty by twenty inches. 
 
 .V ii-gular postal service was inaugurated on the Ala.ska route in 
 iSfty by tlii; steanishi|) Conslanline. Her owners. Hutchinson. Kohl & 
 Co., rci-eufd the mail contract for oiii year, and in command of Capt. 
 Melvilli' Krskiue the steamer made a monthly trip, calling at Port 
 Towiisiiid. San Juan Island, Tonga, Wrangel and Sitka. The steamer 
 Emma, which had been on several differenc lines out of Victoria, prin 
 cipally ill the Ivast Coast trade in opposition to the Sir James Ooiiglas, 
 made a voyage to Alaska for the Hudson's Hay Company. The /\mma 
 was biiilt at Victoria by Peter Holmes for Joseph Spratt, then owner of 
 the .\lliioii Iron Works, and never made much of a record as a pas.sen- 
 jjer boat nor remained long in any particular locality. In 1H71 sht 
 went on a whaling c Mse for Captain Spratt, who on her return ^.old 
 her to T. J. Ihfii.. . i. .S4.50C). She had a numlier of owners after that 
 time, and in 1S81 .served for a time as a passenger boat between \ ii- 
 tnria ami ..'aiiaimo. and in 1885 she was towing logs for the Chenamus 
 .Mills. She struck a sunken scow in \'ictoria harbor in i8i)i> and went 
 to the bottom, but was afterward raised and repaired, and in February, 
 
 1S91, while en toiile from N'ictoria to Nanaimo with two scows in tow, '•'"''■ J""*''" x"^" 
 
 (liirint! a fog struck a reef inside of Trial Island, and, slipping over it, sank in deep water and became a total loss. 
 Xearly all of the pioneer cajitains of the Victoria district have commanded the steamer, among them Holmes, 
 lilla. Koyes. Mcintosh, Fttershank, Douglass, Rudlin. Ramsey, I.ncky, Owen, Iterry and Olaholine. The Yukon. 
 aiiotluT small .steriiwheeler, was taken from San Francisco to the Yukon River in 1H69 by the brig Comiiiodoir. 
 She was fifty feet long, eleven feet lieam, and drew but fifteen inches of water. She was put together after 
 reaching her destination and was run by Capt. VV. II. Fjinis, making her initial trip July 4th, with a party of 
 the United States boundary .survey, up the river from St. Michaels. 
 
 The whaling and fishing industry in the Northwest was becoming of value to I'uget Sound and British 
 Cohinibia, and the .schooner Kate /)i>ui>/<is made a short cruise to Cortez Island and returned to Victoria with one 
 hniulrcd and fifty barrels of oil. The schooner S/wo/int," Star arrived at Port Townsend in November with 
 25.001) i-odfi.sh, the first cargo of this kind to enter Puget Sound. The greater part of this industry was still in 
 the hands of San Francisco people. The schooner Arhona, Captain Henderson,'' who is said to have been the 
 pioneer in this business, took 4.s,>>k) fish ofT the Choumagin Islands on one trip in iSfuj. Other San Franci.sco 
 
 The iicxl few montlis were iipeiit on the lug Fearless, on Coos Hay t)ar. I)ut, in tlie spring m' iHfi2. he went to the Salmon River 
 minus in Iilalio. This was an unsnccessfnl ventnre, so llie Captain retnrntil to San I'ranci.sco in I ictolier, and spiiit llie winter in the 
 roal anil lumber trade between San I'raniisi-o and Pn^el Sound. Tlie followinK summer four San I'rancisro pilot.s iKUiglit the 
 pilolliual /hiiiie/ H'ebsler and went into business at the mouth of the YaUK-tse Kiang. Captain Rogers was eMi|>l(>yed as sailiuK 
 muter and look tile ves.sel to Sliaiigliai, where he left her to enter the ICiikHsIi service as inspeitor of LMisl<nns. I'pou ilie breaking 
 oiitof ihe cholera, he sailed from Shanghai on the venerable ship /<>A« /ill'. Trouble arose between the Captain ami bis passengers, 
 anil the vessel put into Yokohama, where the American consul took tile master and mate off and apiioiuted others in llieir stead. 
 Captain Rogers became mate, and, after reaching San I'rancisco, struck out for the mines at Virginia City ; but a disastrous 
 experience forced him to return again t;-! the sea, K.^d in 1S64 he entered the employ of Captain Kenliui as master of the bark 
 Xiiliumiriii;. and later of the barks Scot/ant/. Uiiiitsville anil Oakhill. In |S6S) he was employed by Jacob Kanini to lake charge of 
 the Cyixf S. Wtiglil. and, when Hen liolladay bought the ves.sel in 1869, Captain Rogers was transferred lo tile sleaniers (fiissie 
 Telftiii mill I.illle Culifmnia. which he ran for two years on the Alaska mail route. In the latter part of i.Sji be again abandoned 
 tlie sea, and, with J(din Nation, starteil a brass foundry, which burne<) within a year. He subsciineiilly returned to his old vocation, 
 serving a> male on the Garihnliii. runiiiug to China A year later he took command of the siiip I'nihh Talhol at San I'rancisco. 
 which lie sailed in the coasliug traile until August. 1S75, when he came lo Seattle, where he has since resiile<l. lie was burned out 
 iluring llif fire of 18S9, ami in July of that year was appointeil harbor master. 
 
 ■ Ciipl. William IlemlerHoii was bom in Glasgow, Scotlauil, in iS.V'i. and went loaea at the age of thirteen. A(\er two years 
 as an apprentice he left the ship at Sau Francisco in 1H52 and made a trip to China on the .\merican dijijier Comet, subsequently 
 Koin^ with her to New York and thence back to San i'rancisco. where he shipped on the old steamship f oltimbiii .is a sailor with 
 Capt. William Dell, remaining, however, only a few months. He afterward, made several voyages around the Horn, in I.Sj.S joiued the 
 bark ./), Iiil,;t in the coa.sting trade, and soon afterward went into the tisliiiig industry. He was mate for nearly three years on the 
 iihooncr liiziiiia with Captain Rutherford, and. oil the death of the latter, took command of the steamer, retaining Ibis position 
 lor twi.1 years and a half. He was also on the bark O'oldtiiinter for a season, fishing in the Okhotsk Sea. He couimenced 
 running ni the .\laska fishing trade ill 1867, ond followed it for nineteen years, eleven of wliich were spent ill charge of the steamer 
 Wild (,' K/le. which was lost a vear later In 1874 'i*! built a fishing ami trading steamer at Pilot Cove. In 1HS7 Captain Heuilerson 
 retired Iumii the Alaska fishing iiusines.'i, and since then has commaiided the schooner O'oliteii Fleeie, the barkeiitine Cuinlilnlion 
 anil the I iiruiasted schooner /('A'/ A Tallant, built by ..ini at Oakl ind in 1S91. and in which he owns an interest. 
 
 
 
 t ■ 
 
 3 ! 
 
176 
 
 Lewis (f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 i ' 
 
 !: 
 
 schooners and their cntches were as follows : /. //. Rosroe, 45,000 ; 5. //. Merrill, 45,000 ; Amanda .Igcr, ;s.tX)o; 
 Wild Gazelle, 37,000; Mary Zc>' iyr, 24,cxx} ; Porpoise, 36,000; Sarah Louise. 29,000; Daisy, 13,000; Potter, 
 21,000; and Scotland, 40,000. 
 
 The Victoria was a fine steamer, one hundred and sixteen feet long and twenty-three feet beam, Imilt 011 
 the upper Fraser by Mr. Trahey for Edgar Marvin, to run from Big Bar to Quesnelmouth. She was fitttil with 
 the engines and lioilers from the Lilloet Lake steamer Prince of Wales, and began running soon after .slie was 
 launched in May, continuing on her original route, except at intervals, until 1879, when she was purchased by 
 Capt John Irving. The Hud.son's Bay Company made an effort to bring their steamer Martin from Kaniloops 
 Lake to the Thompson River, but were forced to abandon the idea, and she was left to await an influx of settlers 
 to supply her with business in after years. Two well known Government vessels were sold at auction in 1x69. 
 presumably to enter the merchant service. One of them, the United States revenue cutter/oc Lane, lulfillcd 
 expectations, her new owner, J. Boscowitz, converting her into a handy little schooner, which he named the 
 //. M. Hutchinson ,■ the other was the British gunboat Forward, which for years had led a prosaic life, kiokiiig 
 after Briti.sh interests in Northern waters. She was bought by Millard & Beedy of Victoria for $7,oa) anil was 
 taken to San Franci.sco by Captain Sutton, and in the Bay City fitted out as a Central American gunboat, ,Soon 
 after leaving port .she turned pirate, and, flying the Salvadorean flag, in command of the notorious \'isc>iyiio, 
 bombarded and looted the city of Guaymas and seized the coasters San Pablo and Colima. The Mexican 
 
 Government asked assistance from both the United States and Great 
 Britain, and vessels were .sent out to capture the privateer. After 
 plundering Guaymas she started up the Teacapan River, where she 
 was soon followed by a detachment from the United States steamship 
 Mohican. As it was thought she would go but a short distance, the 
 Mohican did not follow, but sent six boats with a twelvepouiid 
 howitzer and eighty-eight men, who pursued her for forty miles and 
 at last found her hard aground, with nearly all of the pirates behind 
 a battery which they had erected on shore. Fire was immediately 
 opened on the .1/ohican's force, and Coxswain James Donnell and 
 Knsign Wainwright were killed and six men wounded. Lieutenant 
 Bronson of the Mohican then boarded the old gunboat, and, thinking 
 it impossible to get her down the river, broke her engines to pieces 
 and burned her to the water's edge. But six men were captured on 
 board, and they were turned over to the Mexican authorities. 
 
 Ksquimalt received a visit from two French war vessels in 
 i,S69, the frigate La Strcc, Commander Pique, and the gunboat 
 Lamothcpiquct, Commander St. Hilliare. H. B. M. ships Cluirybidn 
 and Satellite and H. B. M. gunboat /io.xcr were stationed at Ksiiiiinialt 
 when the Frenchmen arrived, and the representatives of the two 
 great nations extended due courtesies to each other. The steamer 
 Leviathan, which had been used as a private yacht by the Govern- 
 ment authorities at Victoria, was sold at auction in Novemlier to 
 Edgar Marvin for $1,320. 
 
 The numerous shipwrecks at the mouth of the Columbia River, and the increasing commerce, at last had 
 the effect of securinji; aid from the State for tlu- maintenance of a tugboat on the bar. Capt. Paul Corno's 
 experience with the Rabboni was far from pleasant or profitable, but, in the light of subsequent events, he might 
 almost be regarded as u martyr. He demonstrated the value of a tug at that point, although his efforts were not 
 appreciated until too late to be of service to him. However, in i.Sfig the Oregon Legislature passed an act 
 appropriating a subsidy of $30,000 to any one who would establish a tugboat .service on the bar and maintain it 
 for five years. This subsidy was to be paid at the rate of $1,000 per month for the first year, $500 for the second, 
 and thus decreasing until the $30,000 had been expended at the expiration of the .specified time. Capt. George 
 Flavel, who had enjoyed practically a monopoly of the pilotage business almost from its inception, accepted the 
 offer and at once began work on the steam tug Astoria. She was built in San Franci.sco, at a cost of $40,000. 
 under the direction of Capt. A. NL Simpson," who was also one of her proprietors. Captain Flavel owned 
 one-half of the steamer, and Simpson, A. Crosby, A. C. Farnsworth and A. D. Wass the remaining interests The 
 
 Cai'T. Wii r.i.\M Hkmu-:bson 
 
 Im il 
 
 "Capt. A. M. Simpson was born in Brunswick, Me., in i8i6, and in 1850 came to the Pacific Coast, where the first v 
 which he was intcresteil was the ship lliriiiiiif;lia>n: l)nt, having little faith in the future of tlie local marine busine.ss, hi- 
 tier Kasl in tile fall. While olTthe .South .■\uicrican co.ist the mniiiiigliaiii coUideil with an English ship and was so badly il 
 thai slie put into Valparaiso, where she was condemned and sold. Captain Simpson's first coasting; vessel was the bri^; Ttiiqu 
 was also interested in the Qiiadraliis and I'otoiiiac, liotli well known ni early days. Since kSso Captain Simpson has been 
 adding to his fleet, and since thai time has owned all or a coutrolliuK interest in more coasting vessels than any oilier iiidiv 
 firm operating nil the Pacific Coast. He placed the pioneer lug on Coos Hay bar and the first to remain perniauentlx 
 Columbia River bar, and at the present time owns the tugs .isloiiii, Cotiiiiifiia. Travelci. 1^ inter, L'ruiset, Hunter, and ovei 
 of sailing vessels. It wonlil be impossible to particulari/.e Mr. Simpson's many marine enterprises, as they have formed by 11 
 a small portion of the marine history of the Northwest, ami will be mentioned elsewhere in this svork. 
 
 I -scl ill 
 
 ..t.irleil 
 
 itiianfil 
 
 ,j. He 
 
 ..'eadily 
 
 ; :iial or 
 
 ,11 tlie 
 
 ; score 
 
 , means 
 
7/?(' Alaska Purchasr, Advent of Many Fine Steamers on Paget Sound 
 
 '// 
 
 L'AI'T KKIC J0HNW)N 
 
 iliiiU'iiM 'ii-i <if lliL' liiK were : leiigtli, oir' hutidred and one feet ; beam, twenty-four feet ; depth of hold, nine feet 
 
 six iiK'lKs; engines from the ohl Pngit Sound steamer Constilntioii, tliirtyfonr by thirty-four inches, with a 
 
 tubular lioiler, eighteen feet long and seven feet six inches in diameter. She was schooner rigged, with no 
 
 pilot-hou.se. Captain Snow was first in command, with John C. 
 Dorcy, engineer. She arrived at Astoria in December, and her initial 
 work was towing the schooners I/iimboldt, .l/nrv ./. Cliiiloii and liill 
 from Astoria across Cathlamet Hay. The bar pilots carried on the 
 tug were permitted to charge a rate of $8 per foot on vessels drawing 
 twelve feet, and 5io for each additional foot beyond that draft. The 
 tug proved profitable almost from the start in the first two years of 
 her existence, receiving, among other perquisites, 5,S.i't«' salvage for 
 towing the Falkenbeix off a spit it the mouth of the river. The 
 Astoria continued running until i8.S4, when she was .sent to San 
 Franei.sco, where her machinery was removed and the hull rigged as 
 a schooner by W. C. Woods, who .sent her on a cruise to the South 
 vSea Islands. Captain Snow ran the tug until 1S74, when she was 
 taken by Captain Wass. Following him as master were Mric 
 John.son," M. I). Staples, Dan .Mc\'icar, Alexander Malcolm and 
 George C. Flavel. 
 
 The new tug .Istorui. which succeeded the |)ioneer, is still 
 running, and is owned by A. M. Simpson. Another fine bar tug, the 
 /i.uorl. was completed at Marshfield, Or., in 1869. She was built by 
 John n. Howlett and Capt. James Ma ree ' from a model by J. 
 Pershbaker, who was one of her owners, Howard it Pool, of the 
 
 Cons Hav Coal Mines, being interested with them. The /istorl went to San Francisco under sail, was there 
 
 -.iipplieil with engines by John I<ockhead, and made her trial trip February 16th. Her dimensions were : length, 
 
 eighty -eight feet ; beam, twenty-one feet ; depth, nine feet. Capt. I'arker Hutler was her first master, and David I. 
 
 De Liiuiiay '' was one of her earliest engineers. A diminutive tow- 
 
 bo.il, named the VVfh/ool No. 2, w.is built at Portland in i.Hf>9 for 
 
 Limhert and Ham, who ran ,vitli her as captain and engineer 
 
 re.'pedively. She was a propeller with an ,s x 12 inch engine, and was 
 
 shiirt-livid. The ytary Hell, a steamer launched in iS6y by Capt. 
 
 Robert C. Smith to run as an opposition boat on the Astoria route, 
 
 was alioul one hundred feet long and eighteen feet beam, and was 
 
 "Cu]it. Kric Johnson of .\storia was horn in .Sweden ill 1S47 iiinl came to 
 ihe liiiUil Sl.itcs wlii-n a hoy. He sailed on the .\Uantie for several years, 
 ruachinn S;oi Kr.ini-iseo early in the sixties .iml eontlnniiij; in the trade hetween 
 tlKit cily ,Mid New York nntil iSh.^, when he went from San I'rancisco to Mohile 
 .mil joiiu 1 llie 'iiited States K'mhoat Tiinnisct: on which he served nntil the 
 iiiil of till- «Hr, when he letnrned to the Pacific Coast and he«an niniiinH on the 
 olilliiirk A'.iDiin: then in the I'uHet Sound liimher trade. He left the /\\iiiii,r 
 10 sail llic smilheni coast in the schooner //. A. I'i(iii,-i. and in 1S67 went to the 
 Cohiuiliiii :uiil joined (he pilot schooner i'lili/iti nin. reniainiiij; with her three 
 uars. wlicM heWciit as second male on the steamship Cnlil\itiiia. After a few 
 iiiciiiths 111 lliis work he returned to the Columliia Kiver, piloliiiK on the liar and 
 ruiiiiiiii; tiii^tiii.its, meeting with success in liotli callings for an nninlerrupted 
 I'triod ol cii;lileen years, ilnvinn which he witnesseil many disasters ami in more 
 iliaii (iiii- instance was the means of saving life hy his timely arrival with his 
 liinlicMi ,11 the scene of tin wrecks. When the fnion Pacific touk ch.irne of the 
 triwiii^ tiu^iiiess on the har. Cajitain Johnson was ^iven command of the tii^ 
 l-'siitil .iiiil ran her for si> years, leaviiiK her a short time a^o to take one of the 
 romiMiiy's river steamers 
 
 Capt. James Mngec of lunpire Cily, Or., was horn in Ireland in iS)! 
 anil tn'i::iii sailinj; oin of liritisli ports in the coastiiiK trade when a hoy. In 
 i.S.ih he «.is DM the hark (',i//iiii>ic, from Cardiff, Wa'.es, for .New Vork, when 
 she ccilli.li-d Willi the hark U11//11 of I.iver|iool, one hiindreil miles west of the 
 itraiiil H.iiiks. The Ctt/lh liui- sank immediately, and Mctiee and others were 
 liiikeil ii|i In the Jftil/ii and transferred to a lisliiiiH smack, which landed them at I'roviiicetowii. SlaK"' sailed out of this port lor 
 two year-- coastiii>i and fishing, and in 1S59 went to New \"ork to learn shiphnildiii);, where he remained for four years, then 
 saiUil I,, I i:iiylaiiil and from there lo .\iistialia In the spriii),' of i.Sh; he arrived in .San l-'raiicisco ind worked lor three months 
 on the sii unship (>n:ii/'ti, then heiii^ relniill. He was next emjiloyeil hy John I'ershhaker lo ^t> to Coos Hay and i-rect a sawmill, 
 and wliilr there he coiistriicled the Inj; /■'s,i>i/ Xo. /, schooners Slii:;lii>ii>iil, /.iiiiiu- Mniii\t<>i, and lviiiilh<:\ He snlisei|neiitly 
 IioukIu tin- l.;in IJti I). A'iv</.t. which was sunk in eleven fatlnmis of water inside the Coos Hay liar, and, after siieiidiii>; four moiilhs 
 in aUeui|iiin),' to raise her, the vessel was ahaniloneil. and he took commaiid of the In^; h'swil in May, 1S711, and ran her until she 
 lilew 11)1 ni llie winter of 1.SS7. .-M'ter the explosion he entered the service of .\. M. .Simpson, rnniiiiiK the tnj; Coliimbiii lor three 
 years, an I • oiiiH from her to the tnj; lliiiilri, on which he remained until Septeniher, i.Sgi, leaving her to take a coaslinn sleainei. 
 
 I'l.id 1. I)e I.aiinay, engineer, was horn in Illinois in 1.S411. He first eiilered his profession in |S(>2 on the I'mpipia Kiver, 
 ivlierc Ik- ran for twelve years on the little iron steamer II'iii/ii'iii;/i'ii. l''roiii the ll'asliiiii;h»i he went to the tun /■•'w'"'/. on Coos 
 Bay liar, ii iviii); her to n<i on the AVvkV A'd. -", where he remained for three years. He was then on the tiiu J/nxii/ at I'ort 
 rownseii' ,iiid als<i on the steamers A". //'. /'iinliv, . l/iir Hhuii linnl, and A'. /'. 7iliiii>ii\ haviii); visited .Alaska twice on ihe two 
 last iiieiii:nncd. His last steamer hefore leaving the water was the /(i//7X-tV\X'r, on which he remained ei^^hl inontlis. Mr. 
 he I. anil is now living at I'ort .\nj;eles, where he is foreman in the mill. 
 
 CAi-r. j.AMi-s M* . 
 
 !li I 
 
 I 
 
 ! 
 
 [' 
 
 m 
 
 \ ' •m 
 
 
tjB 
 
 Lewis <f Dryden's Marina History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 '%\ 
 
 too slow and feeble to be remunerative. She fell into the hands of the United States marshal and was purchased 
 in March, 1871, for $1,100 by N. R. Smith, who put her on the Cowlitz route in November. In 1872 she was 
 running to Cathlamet and Oak I'oint from Portland in command of Capt. James I'i.sher,. but was ajfain sold, this 
 time to John Marshall, who operated her as a towboat until the following year, when she became the pioin-rty 01 
 George W. Hume, who used the hull for a wharf 
 
 TheTualitin River Navigation & Manufacturing Company was organized in 1869: \\. I). Hare, pn-sidem 
 W. S. Failing, .secretary; Capt. Joseph Kellogg, Orrin Kellogg, J. M. Mi)ore, and Capt. J. 1). Mirrymaii 
 director.-,. They built the steam .scow Henrietta at Colfax, and ran her on Sucker Lake to connect with Kellogg, 
 steamer Onward on the Tualitin River. The Henrietta was not very profitable, and was .sold to VV. J. .Neilswi 
 in 1873 and placed on the Willamette, where .she continued jobbing until 1S79 The Long Tom Transporl.iticn 
 Company, the principal members of which were Captain Swain, H. Hendrix, C. Adams, and S. U. Woodliur 
 was another marine venture of i.srit). They bought the steamer Ann, which had come over the Cascades a few 
 years before under the name Leiciston. Aaron Vickers was master, and she made her first trip up the I/ni),' Tom 
 River, February 17th, going as far as Monroe. She ran there until April, when she sank between Harrisburg and 
 Eulery's Landing with one thousand bushels of wheat for the Willamette Wool Company, and became a tolil 
 loss. The Ann. or /.e<ciston, was seventy-eight feet long, fourteen feet beam, with engines eight by forlytwo 
 inches, and is remembered by Willamette River navigators as the first steamer on the Long Tom River. 
 
 The California, Oregon & Mexico Steamship Company was reorganized in 1869 as the Norlli Pacific 
 
 Transportation Company, which began business in May with the 
 following vessels : Aetive, John L. Steftliens. .Uoses Taylor, ()i///,uiim,. 
 Ihizaba, Paeifie, Panama, Senator, Sierra Xeiuuia, A /as, (.'iiliioniin. 
 Continental, Gnssie Telfair, Idaho, Montana and Pelieaii. The capi- 
 talization of the company was 55.000,000. divided into 51 1.01 »> shares, 
 and in July the following officers were elected: Ken Unll.iday, 
 president; William Norris, vice-president : C.J. Brenham, .secretary ; 
 Lloyd Tevis, A. Hayward, S. F. Butterworth, W. C. Ralston, and 
 W. F. Babcock, directors. When the organization was perfected, Ilk- 
 steamship magnates and their friends embarked on the Ori/hiinmc mi 
 m.ade a tour of the Xcjrthern routes. The flfoses Taylor, freciuently 
 alluded to as the Rollini; Afose.<:, was one of Holladay's recent acijnisi- 
 tions, and made her initial trip to the Northwest in July, i.Soq. She 
 was built at New York in i8sS and came to San Francisco in iSfq, 
 making her first voyage south from the B;iy City in December, conlin- 
 uing in this service the greater part of the time. She was two hundred 
 and fifty feet long, thirty-six feet beam, and twenty-two feet hold, and 
 cost $250,000. Captain Metzger was in command when she began 
 running north. The steamship .Montana, Captain Holies, Kngineer 
 Winning,* was also running between San Franci.sco and the C.ihnnhia 
 River. The steam r /<'//« A. Stephens, while on a visit to Alaska, was 
 seized at Sitka by Collector Ketclium, who had been compelled to p,iy 
 his fare and in revenge detained the steamer on a technical charge. 
 The steamship George S. Wright, which had been in the Northern trade in command of Capt. N. L. Rogers, was 
 sold in November to the North Pacific Transportation Company, filling a vacancy in the HoUaday steam fleet 
 made by the steam.ship Oregon, which had been dispo.sed of to Adams, Hlinn & Co., who converted her into .1 
 lumber bark. The steamship Fidelater was confiscated by the Government for alleged fraud in connection with 
 her enrollment under American colors at the time cf the Alaska i)urchase. 
 
 Six sailing ves.sels reached Portland direct from New York in Mercer's line, and the bark Walter Raleigh 
 arrived from the .same port under the flag of Comstock's Dispatch Line. Mercer's vessels included llie hark 
 Hattie C. liesse, the first fourmaster to enter the Columbia River, the bark .1/nldoon, barkentine A. //eal.'n. Iwrlcs 
 Osmyn, Adeline Eluood, Edward James and Ida I'. Taylor. The Adeline T.lwood was chartered on arrival by 
 Corbett & Macleay to load wheat for Liverpool, and was the .second vessel in this trade. She al.so l'>ok one 
 hundred cases of salmon, with a view to introducing it to the linglish market, and a pair of elk horns for the 
 Royal Botanical Gardens of London. The Edward James was bought by James B. Stephens, A. \L Lory ea and 
 
 * E. S. Winning, enKineer, was born on .Slatcn Island in 1837, ami his first murine experience was on llie steamer ( ' 'Jiimhi 
 iu 1S54, running between Staten Island and New York in opposition to the Vanderbilt Inic. He was next on the yacht / /' '/i, «"'' 
 in December, 1S55, went to Panama, where he joined the steamship {1re,i;oH, leaving her in a few nionllis for the h'epiibli ihen im 
 the Portland route. He was afterward on tlie steamship Colden . Ii;e rnnning to Panama for two years, and came l«i' < tii llie 
 nortliern lines on the California, A'ort/ierner, Santa Cruz, Pari fie and Hrolher Jonulhan, serving on the I'anfii for two ^ irs. I" 
 1868 he joined the steamship Sanla Cms as secon.l engineer, and the following year was appointed chief of the .Uoii/tiini. vliire lit 
 remained until 1870, and was then transferred to the .Santa Cruz, where lie worked as chief engineer for a decade. In 1S81' 1 a- joined 
 the steamer Alexander Duncan, on which he served for three years, le.-iving her to take his present position as chief engim r of the 
 steamship Honila. During his long career on the Coast, Mr. Winning has participated in .some very exciting scenes. He w is or. tlie 
 Pacifif when she sank in the Columbia River iu 1H61, and was one of the crew of the Waihington when she struck a rock liny miles 
 below Acapulcu. 
 
 E. S. WlNNINli 
 
The Alaska Purchase, Advent of Many Fine Steamers on Paget Sound 
 
 179 
 
 Walter Moffitt of Portland, and by them placed in the Portland and China trade. She afterward loaded lumber 
 on I'ligti Sound, and returned from China in 1872 with three hundred and eighty Chinese. In 1879 she was sold 
 to Henr\ Cornwell, who registered her under the Hawaiian flag and named her the Liliii. The business 
 of transiinrting Chine.se from the Flowery Kingdom to our shores by .sailing vessels, inaugurated the preceding 
 vcar b_\- t'lic French ship Jennie Alice, was continued by the Dutch bark Andrea, Captain Peters, and the bark 
 Oiiwanl. Captain White, which arrived in the summer with several hundred celestials. Puget Sound again 
 exhil)iteil licr unsurpassed facilities for fine marine work by increasing the coasting fleet with the barks /'oirsl 
 Oiiecii and Tidal Wave. The former was built at Port I.udlow, and registered five hundred and eleven tons, with 
 the folliiuiiig dimensions : length, one hundred and seventy-two feet ; beam, thirty-.seven feet ; depth, tliirteen 
 feet six inches. The other was launched at Port Madi.son in April. Her dimensions were : Iennt)i, one hundred 
 and sixty-one feet; beam, thirty-seven feet; depth, thirteen feet .seven inches; 
 registered tonnage, net, five hundred and .seventy-three tons. A fine .schooner called 
 the Chilli Light was al.so conipleted at Steilacoom in i.Sfig for Capt. S. C. Mitchell.'" 
 
 Among the lumber fleet loading on the Sound in iSfxj was the largest carrier 
 wliicli had yet appeared in the Northwest, the Creal Nefiiihlie, a ship constructed by 
 ihe Freiicii Government for transport service during the Mexican invasion. She 
 sailed from the Sound for Callao with 1,700,000 feet of lumber and 300 cords of wood. 
 Cemeiitville, a small settlement on the north side of the Columbia River opposite 
 .\storia, wliich in after years under the name Kua])pton became a noted lumber- 
 shipping; port, dispatched its first cargo to San Francisco in September, the bark 
 W'liislUr. Captain Simpson, having the honor as the ])ioneer at that point. The 
 sailing lleet, coastwi.se and foreign, was much the .same as the previous year. The 
 Lady Liiiii/'son. Captain Gaudin, and other vessels of the Hudson's Hay Company, 
 arrived on their annual trips from England, and a few others came from foreign 
 ports, Tlie I'nited States surveying schooner Humboldt made a careful examination 
 of the cliamiels at the mouth of the Columbia, George W. Wood .acting as pilot. '^"'^ ** '^ I'tcim i.i. 
 
 Over a score of lives and much valuable property was sacrificed by the marine disasters of i.i,''-). The 
 first of the fleet to make port with Davy Jones was the Shoalwater Bay schooner Anna ('. .Anderson, which sailed 
 from Oysterville early in the year with a cargo of oysters for San F'rancisco and was never heard from. She 
 was ill command of Capt. W. H. .Stapleford and was owned by John and Thomas Crellin of Oysterville and John 
 S. Mi.rgan of , San Francisco. Owing to the perishable nature of the commodity, all of the vessels in this business 
 were ol)liged to carry much ,sail and take unusual chances when under other circumstances greater caution 
 would have been u.sed, and the supposition is that Captain Stapleford spread every stitch of canvas that his 
 schooner would stand up under, and encountered a ,squall which capsized her in an instant. Seven men were lost 
 hy this mishap. A far worse fate befell the crew of the American bark John Rrii>bt, which struck a reef near the 
 Hes(iniat Indian village, a short distance .south of Xootka. The bark was lumber-laden from the Sound, and four 
 of the crew were drowned in attempting to land after the accident happened, a death which was pleasant in 
 cimiparisdii with that which awaited those who reached the beach only to be iiercile.ssly butchered by the 
 Indians. The exact date of the wreck is not known, as it was several weeks later Ijefore the news reached the 
 outside world, Captain Cliristiau:;en " of the schooner Surprise carrying the first tidings of the tragedy to Victoria, 
 March i.^h. 
 
 The brig Ida D. Rogers, a two-hundred-ton vessel built at Ivssex, Conn., in 1856, struck on Coos Bay bar 
 December islh, while towing in with the tug Fearless. The hawser parted, and she began leaking rapidly but 
 worked inside the bar, where .she filled almost immediately .iiid went to the bottom. N. M. Norton and other San 
 Fr,mciscans were her owners. The schooner .ilaska. Captain Godfrey, was wrecked 011 Coquille bar in December, 
 while crossing out lumber-laden for the Sandwich Islands. .She was constructed at Port Townsend and was 
 owned hy Capt. Rufus Calhoun. The steamer A'unger. Capt. J. N. Fisher, while on a trip from Rainier to 
 
 '■ Ciipt. .S. C. Mitrliell of Alwrdeeii, Wash., was born in Maine in 1S26. He spent ten years sailing on the .-Xtlantic Coast and to 
 the West Iniliis, anil iliiri"" ■.,., n,--^ \ >• -is shipwrecked three limes. In 1S56 he constructed tlie l)riK II''. />. Hice at hnbeck. Me., 
 -111,1 in iss; Inok iier ro'* ■ .m v.uli a car>;o of general uu'rcliatitlise for San I'Vancisco and the Sound. He remained with her 
 
 tliret luiiiuhs, anil then took the brig I'vriis. afterward wrecked at San Jnan in iHiig. He suhseipicntly went Ivast and in coinimny 
 with Capla.n .Salter l)Hilt the schooner l.e^ii/ Tender in |,S66. Slie received her papers January 1, 1867, and took a loail of wood to 
 Boston, wlu-rc she ohtaineil a cargo of general nierchamlise for \*ali)arHiso, sailing thence to San I-'rancisco and the .Souiiil, wlicre 
 she loaiU'd hiniber for the Hay City. Captain Mitchell ilisposed of the .schooner and went to Steilacoom, where he launched the 
 schooner ( />tra l.ii^lit in 1869 and ran her between the Sound and ,San Francisco for live years. In 1S75 be bought the schooner 
 // /. 'I'l, ni,in and operateil her between Alaska, Puget .Sound and Shoalwater Hay until 1S81, when he constructed the schooner 
 .S(»/(i;- A'.-r at ilie lallcr place and used her on the same route, niuking also a trip to the ,Soulh Pacific Islauils. After live ve.ars on 
 the Siiiloi /All', Captain Mitchell took th;- schooner .Vi)r<'//i', employed her in the lumber and coal trade for fourteen months, and 
 has since In en engaged in business at .Aberdeen, 
 
 ""C.ipt. James Christiansen was born in Denmark in 1S40 and came to Victoria in 1S64 on a cargo ship from I.iverpo, , 
 leaving lu-r on arrival and working a short time on shore until he secured a berth on the Snr/nise as male. He was afterward on 
 the sdioMiiir .l/ert with Capt. William Spring, and continued trading on the west coast for many years, having some narrow 
 escapes fpin the Indians, who were very ugly at this perifid. Karly in the seventies Captain Christiansen was appointed master of 
 the sieanui /,',;iver. but after a short time look command of the tug /'i/n/, going from her lo the lugs .llexainlei and Lome, which 
 he comin ui'lcd until he was appointed to his present position of pilot for the Victoria and Nanaimo district. His son, Capt, James 
 t-hrisiian^i I, jr.. took his place on the Lome and afterward ran other lugs at Victoria until 1894, when he lost his life with the rest 
 of lliccrcu cif the steamer /■'.slelle. which foundered off Cape Mudge. 
 
 i ■ I 
 
 ' r 1 '^ tl ' 
 
 1 I; ih'fl 
 
 I \ 
 
 : \. • ' 
 
 W' \i 
 
 'I » 
 
 ^1 
 
i8o 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Portland, tied up for the night at Sauvies Island, f?eptember 4th, and, after banking the fires, the i-rew and 
 passengers retired, only to he awakened a few minutes later l)y a fire wliich had liroken out under tin.- Ixijltrs 
 and which liurned the hull to the water's edge, the machinery alone beinj; saved in a damaged conditiun. The 
 schooner Ltiella, owned by Costello & Malowinski of N'ictoria, was driven ashore on the Alaskan coast 
 during a gale in May and became a complete loss. There the Hawaiian brig /'/W/, Captain Almy, was also 
 wrecked in August, the crew being rescued and taken to ,San Francisco on the bark Menshikoff'. The bark 11'./ 
 Banks was lost in Clallam Bay, November loth. The steamship Siena Nevada, an old-timer on tlie luirtherii 
 route during the Fraser excitement, struck a reef three miles north of I'edro Blanco while en roiilt from San 
 Francisco to San I<uis Obispo in October, and twenty minutes later keeled over and filled and was proiicmnceil a 
 
 total loss. A derelict, which for u long time promised to rival llic 
 
 ' ' " famous J'/yiiii; Dulchman in its wanderings, was created when tlit 
 
 American bark Maria /. Sniilli, David Smith, master, lumUtr ladci 
 from Port Town.seud, was wrecked at the entrance to Harcl:i\ Sound 
 The bark sailed out of the harbor on N'ovemlier 6th ami pasmi 
 Flattery light at 2;oo i>. m. on the eighth. At six o'clock a lieaw 
 gale, accompanied by a high .sea from tlie .south soutlieast, struck 
 the vessel, and the deckload began to work loose. She coinnieiicul 
 to leak soon afterward, and, as the wind increased, some of Irt sail- 
 were carried away. When the blow ea.sed ii]), topsails were linisle'i 
 and an effort made to get away from land, which had been sinliu.i 
 close by. This proved fruitless, and, while the doomed vessel drifud 
 in, the crew took to the boats. At daylight the bark was resting on 
 a reef at the entrance to the Sound, full of water, with no appareiu 
 po.ssibility of floating again. The captain, and his wife and cliiUlren 
 were taken to \'ictoria by the .schooner Surprise, Captain I'Vancis, and 
 the wreck was sold to Hroderick for $950, the lumber for $750, and 
 the sails for 5300. An attempt to save the vessel was at once made 
 After some difficulty she was floated, and early in January, 1.S70. the 
 tug / \'/ilko/skv undertook to tow her to Port Madison for repairs. .\ 
 heavy gale struck them in the Straits, and the Maria J. was cut 
 adrift and blown out to sea with Captain Smith and crew. Twelvi 
 days afterward she was abandoned, and the men were taken off liy 
 the bark Sampson and landed at Port Townsend. Within a fortnight 
 the derelict was sighted off Flattery, and tugs went out to tow her in, but she had vani.shed. Two months later 
 .she was discovered by some Indians near Bella Bella, five hundred miles from where she was last .seen, and in the 
 latter part of March she drifted ashore on an island north of Millbank Sound and soon went to pieces. 
 
 Among the notable deaths of the year was Capt. Leon Smith, who h-td been with John T. Wright for many 
 years. Captain Smith was murdered by an Indian in Alaska, Pecember 25th. Capt. John Titcomb of Victoria 
 died July 4th. He was a native of the eastern provinces of Canada, went to California in 1S49 and served as pilot on 
 the steamer Coniaiir/ie on the Sacramento River, leaving there in 1.S5.S, after which he piloted out of Victoria harlmr 
 
 Cai'T. James Cmristianskn 
 
 »' ! 
 
CHAPTHR I\. 
 
 TiiK • SimsiioNii's" Snake Rivkk Trip — TiiK "Oneonta" Bkoi'diiT to the Lower River— .Steamers 
 ■Missori.A" AND " Cabinet" Ivnter Pen d'Okeim.e Lake— The Second " Vancoi-ver " — The 
 Willamette Xavic.ation Company— The Tig " Merkimac "— Tiiic "Swan's" Trip to RosKnt-RO 
 ON THE I'MpyrA — The Steamship "Pelican" — Steamship 'Grappi.er" — Increase in Foreign 
 Gkain Shipments— Pu(;et Soind Pkodices Fast Sailing Vessels — The "North Pacific" and 
 '■ Zephyr" — Insi-ection District ICstahlishei) on Pri;ET SouNn — First Licenses Issied — 
 Steamers "Annie Stewart," "Dixie Thompson" and "Emma Hayward" — Bf.n Hoi.ladav 
 
 I'tRCIIASES THE PEOPLE'S TRANSPORTATION COMPANY'S STEAMERS — ThE WILLAMETTE FREIGHTING 
 
 Company— CoLUMHiA Transportation Company — First Steamship Fntekk Rogce River— The 
 Steamship " Constantine " Rinninc; Opposition — Hoii.er ICxpi.osion on Steamer " ICmily 
 Harris" — Wreck op Bark "Hattie Besse" anu Stbamer " U. S. CIrant" — Steamers "Maidk" 
 Ai.u " Bi.AKEi.Y " — Steamships "Prince Ali'red" and " Eastport " — YAgriNA Bay Steamer 
 "Oneonta" — The (Jregon Steamship Company — Puget Soind's Lumber Fleet — Boiler 
 KxPLosioN ON Steamer "Resolute" at Portland. 
 
 /f 7 0LUMBL\ river steaniboating, whicli at the organization of the Oregon Steam Navigation 
 l\ * Company was in the height of its glory, retained its histre until the decline of the 
 niinitig boom in Idaho. Although the profits were still enormou.-> and the volume of 
 business was increasing, it was no longer possible in 1.S70 for an upper Columbia 
 River boat to earn more than her original cost during a single trip. The Oregon 
 Steam Navigation Company commenced to 
 withdraw their transportation lines from the 
 frontier during this year, and .several of their 
 steamers were removed to points nearer civil- 
 ization. The most important event of the 
 
 season was the trip of the S/ioslioiie down 
 
 Snake Rivir canon. The history of the building and abandonment 
 
 of this steamer lias already been told, but, as this remarkable voyage 
 
 has iitvir been paralleled, more tha. passing mention of it will be 
 
 made. CaiHain Smith started for the lower river with the steamer, 
 
 he left liei and reported that it would be impossible to proceed farther. 
 
 She was kinporarily abandoned, and Captain Ainsworth almost decided 
 
 that she loiild rot where she lay ; but owing to the heavy expense 
 
 incurred in her construction, and her utter worthlessness in that inhos- 
 pitable region, he reconsidered the matter and in March, 1870, secured 
 
 the services of Capt. Sebastian Miller and Chief Engineer Daniel \\. 
 
 Ihichanan.' sending them from Portland with instructions to bring the 
 
 lioat thnnigli even at the risk of losing her. They left Portland on 
 
 March ^l^l, anil, after landing at Umatilla, were compelled to travel 
 
 on bucklinirds, sleds, wagons, horseback and afoot, arriving at I'liion, 
 
 March jsili. They left there April ist and traveled thirteen days 
 
 liefore aniving at Lime Point, and then proceeded down the river, 
 
 reaching ilie Slioslioiii- two days later. She was in charge of two 
 
 keepers. Livingston and Smitii. The former shipped as mate, the 
 
 !* I ■ 
 
 -'n im^ 
 
 1 i 
 
 :| ■ 
 
 CAt'T. DANIKI. I-:. HrCMANAN 
 
 C, I. Ilatiiel \\. Hueliaiian was horn in (Hiio in 1.S3S. Ilis parents dieil ;UiriiiK Iiis oliiliiliooil, an<1 wliilo yet a t)oy he served 
 ■iiiapprnii . ■.liip of six years as a l>laeksinitli and inaoliinist on locomotive an<l mill work, coinpletin),' what ediu-aiion lie was 
 iniaWeto '.; ' when a oliiid while so engaged. In the f-prinj; of i.S,S9 he jonrneyed to llie I'acific Coast liy way of the Islhnuis, 
 

 11 
 
 l82 
 
 Lewis (J Drydens Marine History of the Pacifio Northwest 
 
 latter as fireman, and W. F. Hedges, at present pilot on the steamer Tneoma, was employed as a jjenctal utilii\ 
 man. The five constituted the crew, and l)efore undertaking the journey the hoat was thoroughly ovi rlhiukd 
 and the machinery disconnected and put in gootl order. The steamer had l)een constructed Ihrou^lioiit oi 
 mountain pine, which is very brittle and soft when seasoned. Without materials with which to rebuild, .mil with 
 no time to caulk the seams, they started the deck pump and wet down the hull until the planking .•iwellid 
 and closed the gaps. As the work progres.sed the water ro.se, and when it reached the proper stage tlic\ dccidol 
 to attempt the run over Copper Ledge Falls, an obstruction two hundred yards belmv the .steamer, ami which 
 Captain Smith had reported could not be pa.s.sed in safety. The start was made April 20th, due piicaution 
 having l)een taken against accidents by placing lighted candles in the liold, so that a leak could be instantly 
 detected and stopped. The plan of navigation adopted was to drift with the engines backing, steering; tlie Ixiai 
 by the pressure of the water against tile rudders. In approaching the rapids. Captain Miller mi.scalcul.itcd the 
 force of a large eddy where the river was divided by a .small i.sland of boulders, and llie steamer was carried 
 around three times before she cleared the whirlpool, and when she finally headed for the pUnige was iidt in a 
 position to avoid the rocks in the middle and at the foot of the rapids, which had a fall of fifteen in a distance 01 
 two hundred feet. When she reached the declivity the stern tipped up until the wheel was entirely out "I' w.ittr 
 and the engines began racing, .so that when the wheel took hold again all that portion of it whidi liail l)teii 
 exposed to the weather was destroyed, and was u.seless in checking the sj)eed of the steamer. She colliikd with 
 the rocks at the foot of the falls, carrying away about eight feet of the bow, and the shock threw the wcij^lit t'rora 
 the safety valve, allowing the steam to escape. A landing was made as soon as possible, and the ctiw were 
 employed all day in repairing the wheel. The breach in the bow was above the water line, and tin I'orward 
 
 bulkhead kept the water niit. .\\ 
 
 nine o'clock the next nioniinj; lluy 
 
 again steamed down the niiixplored 
 
 ■■/ river, passing through several bad 
 
 rapids and whirlpools, into which the 
 steamer plunged, deluging tliv decks. 
 At eleven o'clock they lanili-d near a 
 small clump of trees, which w ere soon 
 converted into fuel, and got under 
 way again at half past two. passing 
 before nightfall some of the worst 
 rapids yet encountered, the water 
 coming over the decks aiul drivini; 
 the firemcti from the hold. In the 
 midst of the.se obstructions tlie banks 
 of the river were solid walls of ruck. 
 and the channel so narrow that the 
 noise of the nisliing water dniwned 
 all other .sounds. As the boat jdtched 
 over the declivities and straightened up again at the lower level, the hou.se would buckle sufticiently to ring 
 the gong, deceiving the engineer unless he watched carefully. A landing was made at 5:00 i'. .m. on the twenty first 
 to make further repairs to the wheel, which was patched up with stage planking and other available Innilier 
 on the boat. 
 
 This work occupied the men until the morning of the twenty-third, at which time they again cast nlT the 
 lines, but were compelled to tie up at ii;i>o.\. m. on account of the wind, which prevented the captain from 
 keeping the boat properly headed. On the twenty-fourth another start was made, the nature of the river ".raverscd 
 being about the same as the day before, necessitating frequent stoppages to enable lho.se in charge to K" :diead 
 and examine the stream before proceeding with the boat. After making ten miles the steamer tied up at tlie base 
 of a mountain where fuel was plentiful. Captain Miller nearly lost his life at this place, a large tree rolliiii; over 
 on him and injuring him .so that he was unable to work the following day. At 7:00 a. m., .\pril ." ili, the 
 S/ioshoui- entered a very good stretch of river, which they followed umil nine o'clock, when a succession .1 short 
 bends were reached which would not permit keeping the boat pointed with the current. These wen jiassed 
 in safety, however, and Mr. Livingston, who had been in that region before, announced that they were inly six 
 
 DAt.I.BS UF TIIK COLCMIIIA 
 
 arriving iu Ore(;oii in June. He worked for 11 short time in llie mills and on the ferries, ami in 1.S61 went to llie minl■^ 
 ri-tnrn in KS62 he coinnienoed stcamb<iatin>{, ruuniiiK Hllcnialcly as master and iMiKinucr nf Ibf little stfamcr /;'./<.'7r, un\ 
 and scows. Since that time he has lieen employed almost coniimiously in (lilVcrcnl Dranclies of the business. After ni. 
 famous trip on the Shoihone, he entered the service of the tv ernmeut in the euKiiiecriuK depart ment. ennaKed iu the inipi 
 of theColumhia River channels. lie i-ontinned iu that service as master, eUKiueer and machinist, and superintended tlu 
 of nearly all of the dredges, scows, tu^s ami snaKboats employed iu that imi)ortant umiertakiuj,'. I'rom the time he cur 
 this duty he bad charfje of most of the practical work of the improvements, from the mouth of the river to the head of n.v 
 until June, iSSg While thus euKa);ed be invented and snccessfullv operated a dredue for deepening the water on the i' 
 mimth of the Cobnnbia, makiuK a Kood channel there and at IIoKsback l)ar above .\sloria, where the natural formation had 
 previous elTorts useless. In iS.Sy be retire.; ,rom the service, and also from all work iu connection with the river. He is s; 
 in Portland, devotiiij; his time to C(Uiii. ..cial interests and to the care of propertv accumulated ilnriuy his long career on . 
 
 (Ill his 
 ■ij; r,.fts 
 .IPX 111* 
 vfiiieiil 
 
 iiildiiii; 
 'iieiiecti 
 i nation, 
 r at the 
 
 nderel 
 
 : liviiij: 
 !_■ river. 
 
Remarkablv Trip of the ' 'Shoshone, " Willamette and Columbia Transportation Enterprises 
 
 183 
 
 miles fioiii Salmon River. The steamer continued, with the engines hacking under half throttle, and covered 
 the six miles in twenty minutes. As Captain Millt;r had not fully recovered from his injuries, he decided to land 
 liere.iti'l i>^'st. but after lunch ran through another six miles of very difTicult navi^-ation, and then advanced until 
 1:00 I'. >i lV'"K "P *•"■ '''^ night at tlic mouth of the (Iraiule Ronde, with but one more [jeril to encounter. At 
 -:t)0 A. M., .\pril J7th, preparations were maik- for the final run, and the steamer shot through Wild Goose 
 Rapiiis without incident, arriving at I.ewi.ston two hours later. While rounding to. Captain Miller .shouted 
 llirougli iIk' speaking-tube to the engineer, " I say, Huck, I expect if this company wanted a couple of men to 
 take a sti.iinboat through hell, they would .send for you and me." On landing, he asked for the agent of the 
 ciim|v.iii> iml turned the boat over to him, stating that, although she looked a little rough, she did not leak a drop. 
 While K<iiiig over CopjK-r hedge Falls on the first day out, the jackstaff was carried away, and was picked up at 
 rni;ilill.i so long l)efore the boat was heard from that she was given up for lost. The Slioshoiif was taken on to 
 Celilo li> Captain Holmes, and in June was run down to the middle river. 
 
 Tlie steamers AV: /V/vv ('///V/ and Slios/ioiif made the perilous trip through the Dalles of the Columbia 
 lime jsili The following day the steamer O/noit/a, for a long time the crack boat of the middle river, was 
 t.ikeii ovci the Cascades by Captain Ainsworth, and was immediately put into commission on the route between 
 rortliiid and the Cascades. Captain Miller was so successful in his swift-water trip with the S/ioslione, that in 
 luiie he was again sent to the upper country, anil brought the steamers A/issonla and Cabhiil over Cabinet Rapids 
 mio l.akf Ten d'Oreille. While going through Cabinet Canon, the water was so rough that the steamers were 
 Imried 1111111 sight. With .Miller on the steamers were Ca])!. Shep 
 \V;irrcii, loiiuerly in command, and J. Gallagher, engineer. The 
 .l/(in Moody, which was the first of the interior lleet, continued to run 
 oil Lake Ten d'Oreille. In the fall of i.Syo the Oregon Steam Naviga- 
 tion Company withdrew from the Sound, and confined their operations 
 c.\clusively to their Columbia River monopoly. They purcha.sed the 
 ^tiar.ier I'itnuic '/'>oii/> and assigned her to the Cowlitz route, in com- 
 111,111(1 of Capt. Richard Hoyt. The same company also operated the 
 W'ouit ill that trade, meeting with some competition from the steamer 
 Cairif, which Capt. James Fisher was running to Monticello. After 
 the purchase of the I'lxnnie I'loiift, \'anco'iver was without a regular 
 liii.it for .1 short time, but Capt. George Hownian .soon filled the vacancy 
 witli till.' little propeller ll'iisp, which he continued to operate until the 
 coniiiletioii of the new \'aiiioiroei\ a sternwheeler, one hundred feet 
 long, twenty feet beam, and four feet depth, with engines twelve by 
 forly-eiglit inches. The steamer was built at N'ancouver, Wash., in 
 iS-o. Capt. James TurnbuU was master, and W, H. Troup, engineer. 
 Willi tlieir associates they formed the N'ancouver Steamboat Company, 
 .111(1 the fiillowing year operated the steamer on the Kalama route in 
 iippositiim to the Oregon Steam Navigation Comi)aiiy. So spirited a 
 war was waged, that a coiniiromise was soon effected by which the 
 I'ltmoiner obtained control of the trade for which she was designed. 
 In 187,? llic (irgani/.ation was dissolved, the steamer pa.ssing into the 
 hands (if the Willamette River Transportation Company. Jacob Kamm 
 ali(.rcMi<l SLCured the I'lDuviiitr and ran her for several years in the service of the Vancouver Transportation 
 Company. She was also u.sed on the Sellwood route by Captain Varneberg,' in place of the steamer Cily of 
 ^dhcood, and continued in active service until a few years ago, when Capt. F. H. Jones purcha.sed her, and, after 
 relmilding her throughout, called her the Mniia. Captain Turnbull was succeeded in command of the new 
 I iiihoii:,/- by li. W. Baughman. James W. Troup,' J. II. 1). Gray, James T. Gray, Horace Daniels, F. H. Sherman, 
 and others. 
 
 (.'.(Ill Cli.irles Variielierg was linrii ill Pennsylvania in |S.|(), anil sailed ont of I'liiladelpliia as an apprentice on the ship 
 f^'t'tl Jill it'.' whi'u he was twelve years old. His first steanisliip experience was as ({uartermaster on tile /V//«\i'/:</w/ii, j»oinK from 
 lier lu Uii (,',\iii;i' II'. d'/i,/,' as first (illicer. He afterward servcil as muster of the tiij^ C'Ack/cc />'. /.nii/ ami of a river steamer called 
 llieCi/i '/ /.'(/i/,i/. He arrived (in tile Pacific Coa.sl in llie fall of 1S72 and ran as mate on the Sacramento River steamer /«/;ii, 
 Itavni); lu 1 to |!o to the Cotuinliia. where lie was mate with Captain W'ass on the old Ini; .hlorui. .\ few months iifterward he took 
 tilt schoiKicr Aa/(' /,. /A7('//, operating her in the coasting traik for two years, si.. ise(|neiitly enjjaj;in).j for a short time in the 
 general incrchandise laisiness at Tillaniook. He then Imilt the Onii. the first steamer to enler at ihe Va(|iiina Hay cnstoni- 
 iKiuse. ami ran her fiir two years, leaving her to take charge of the ( 'ily 0/ .SrllwuoJ on the Willamette River, where he remained for 
 •isiiir.lar |.cniid and then went I'last. On his return to the Coast he was in the employ of llanniiiK Urothers of ian Pedro as master 
 (ifvarimi steamers for nearly IWd years, and afterward chartered the Soiilli Const, which he ran lielwein Tillamook and .San 
 lraiii.isoi li.r a year. His next enterprise was with the /,(i!,'H«(i, which he operated, nndcr charter, in the northern trade, leaving 
 lier to take charjie of the steamer . Uiottt. He remained asliore a short lime afier leaving I he latter vessel, then leased the UiXltif 
 
 Cait, Jamks w, TKOCI' 
 
 ^ll,^,'■(■ oil ii 
 
 11. Trnii| 
 Vanooiu, 
 master. 
 Coluiiilji.i 
 
 V.v\ River ronle, .iiid was afterward interested in the steamers H'rot/ and A'n/iii/iiii, 
 pi. James W. Tron]) was liorn in Vancouver. Wash., In IS.S.S. He is the (ddest s(ni of the pioneer steamlioatman. William 
 (Mil enjoyed his first marine exiierience with his father on the idd l'a>i:,>ui'f>. He coinimmded the steamer ll'nsft on the 
 lonte before he was twenty years old, and by the time he was of age hrtd filled every position on a boat from deckhand to 
 ;tiT leaving the \'anc(aiver trade he entered the service of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company on the npper 
 list as parser and afterward acting as master of seme of their best steamers. When the /Ai' .-r\/ (Jui't'fi was he. ached he 
 
 fit [•■I 
 
 'ii ij 
 
 i 
 
 
 lid 
 
 
 
z84 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Undismayed by the approaching contest with the Willamette I.ocks orKani7:ntion, the People's Transpnrtation 
 Company lannched the steamer S/ioo I'ly at Canemah early in the year, and Capt. George Jerome ran her lu'lwctii 
 Oregcni City and upper Willamette points. The Shoo I'ly was one hundred and twenty-six feet long, twenlythrii' 
 feet lieani, four feet six inches hold, with engines fourteen by forty-eight inches. She was afterward conitiiandiil 
 by John Kelly,' J. N. Fisher, and others, ending her days in the service of the Oregon Steam Navigation 
 Company. Another factor in Willamette River navigation appeared at Corvallis in the Willamette Navination 
 Company's steamer Calliope, a sternwheeler, one hundred feet long, twenty feet beam, four feet hold, with tiij;iiies 
 eight by thirty inches. As usual, the company which owned the steamer was largely composed of farmers aloiij; 
 the river. J. C. Avery was president, M. Holgate, secretary, P. Harris, treasurer. She ran for some time on ila- 
 Yandiill River in opposition to the People's Transportation Company's steamers, liut was hauled off in I'Vliniary 
 1H71, going on the upper Willamette in 1.S72. The steamer was sulwequently purchased by Meyers & Marshall, 
 and in January, 1873, took the first shipment of freight, consisting of forty-seven tons of flour, througli tlii' locks, 
 from McMinnville to Portland. In December, 1873, the ((i///'('/c ran for a short time on the Cowlitz roulu, and 
 then pas.sed into the hands of Lewis Love, and was operated by him and afterward l)y Capt. Kred H. I.ove iinlil 
 1S83, when they disposed of their interests to Capt. W. H. Pope and Henry Winch, who put her on tlie Cascade 
 route, where she was kept until the completion of their steamer Mulliwmah. CajUains Poi)e, Sullivan, Uurny and 
 
 Raabe" were the last in command, and she pas.sed out of existence in iH.S;, 
 
 The Oregon Steam Navigation C(mi])aiiy were operatiiij; the 
 
 steamer Okanogan on the Astoria route, meeting with .some opposition 
 
 from tlie steamer Mary Ihll, Captain Smith. The /osir .UcXcar. wliidi 
 
 V had been in the .same trade, was chartered by the Cementville Mamifacl- 
 
 ■^ uring Company and put in charge of Capt. Richard Hob.son. The steam 
 
 tug Meiriinac, which had gone to the vSound from San Francisco the 
 
 preceding year, was taken to the Columl)ia in February, 187^), and was 
 
 used on the river towing ves.sels between the sea and Oak Point, the 
 
 tug /Icn Holladay taking them from there to Portland. The Mfir'niHu 
 
 ^He^^v^ was a well built craft, launched at Ivden's Landing in i86j. and first 
 
 ^^V^^^^^ ^^^ came into prominence through a terrible accident on Humboldt bar in 
 
 jj^^m ^^^L ^^^^^ 1868. The bar was very rough, and the steamship Oregon li.qd been 
 
 '^^Hf ^^^^^^^l^^n lying out.side for several hours, when the .Uirrimaf came up, and. to the 
 
 \ <^^K ^K ^^^^^^^b surpri.se of those on the steam.ship, started in and was caught on the crest 
 
 ^1^^ ^^^^^^^^HK °^ ^ '^'^ comber, turned twice over, end for end, and was finally shot 
 
 ■IK wfUffff^^r '"'° '''^ smooth water of the harbor bottom up, with her deck-house 
 
 ^- ^a-** missing and not one of the eighteen people on board left to tell the tale. 
 
 The hull was comparatively uninjured, and, after being repaired, the 
 steamer performed good .service for several years at various places along 
 the coast. Among her crew when .she first came to the Columbia was 
 Michael O'Neil,' the well known engineer. Other additions to the marine fleet on the Willamette were the 
 
 CAI'T. I'RKIl II. I.OVK 
 
 was ({iven coiiuiianil and remained witli her iinlil he finally brought her over Tuniwater Tails. Several years later he piloted 
 her over the Cascades. As an instance of his employers' appreciation of his worth, it is noted that, at the time of his f:illicr's 
 death, special hoats and trains from J,e\viston to Vancouver were i)laced at his disposal to eiiahle him to reach home in time tor llie 
 funeral. With the decline of steamboatinK on the upper Columbia, Captain Tronp found a new Held on tbe lakes of llritisli 
 Coluu.bia. He ran for several moiilhs on Katnloops I,ake and was also interested in a steamer on Sishwaup Lake. He was .tlso 
 en),'.'iK^<l for a short time on the I'raser River on the Voseiiiili' and other steamers of Irvinjfs line. While on the I'rascr In- »iis 
 appointed superintendent of water lines of 'he Union racific, which had Iben ab.sorhed the Dre^on Railway iV NiU i|;atioii 
 Company. He renmineil in this position until about three years afjo, leavin); their employ to become supcrinteiuknl of the 
 Columbia & Kootenai Steam Navigation Company, with headcjuarlers at Nelson, H. C. While in charge of the Union I'aiilk 
 water lines, Captain Troup built the T.J. Pottrr, the fastest sidewlieeler ailoat in the Northwest. 
 
 * Capt. John Kelly was born in Baden. Germany, in 18,^9, and arrived on I'ugct Sound on the United States reveinit* riilter 
 Jeff Air'/.v in 1S5.S, leaving her six months later to engage in trading on the I'raser River, and was the first settler at Murderer s liar. 
 In the fall of isfx) he went to Portlainl and subsetpiently served as mate on the li.vpyess, ()/i:t>tiitl, (.U'tini\^an and //tt.^ui/i<. He 
 then engaged with Capt. William I'arsous on a schooner between Celilo and Wallnla. and was afterward on Ihe Tfiiiim, I'luiiil 
 tl^n'i;/i/, .S/>nn', H'ed/'oo/, Setiti/or, A*h'it/ i\i\d Suo'ess. In 1S69 he received a special license as engineer on the steamer .S'//!'.* /'7i', 
 laler lilling the same position on the /><iy/on, .lilive and .tlhaiiy. He was subsecpiently master of the Slioii /■'/}; Oieidnil and 1 hifiil, 
 and worked as mate on the Couer d'Alene I^ake steamers Coiterd\tlc»t' ami Kootenai. He retired from steamboating in iStjo. 
 and is now living in Oregon City. 
 
 'Capt. Tred H. I.ove was born in Illinois in 1.S47 ,ind commenced steamboating in the Northwest on the /uiiile in i,S6y. Altei 
 leaving her he was interesteil in the Weslport, Utile, Calliope, Ga:elle, Traveler and Salem, having comman<l of the twi last 
 named for several years. His most recent steamboat venture was with the small steamer A*. /'. //';7i,'///, which he ran until 1^92. 
 .tud then retired from the water 
 
 'Capt. George Raabe was born in Norway in 1H52, coinmeuced sailing out of Kuropean ports in 1S67, ami came to the 1' icilic 
 Coast in 1869. His first steamboating was on the Sacramento River during that year on a little sternwheeler named the A' ''"'■ 
 Two years later he came to Oregon anil began running on the Willainelte, soon working up from the position of <leckhaiid ■'' that 
 of master, and for nearly twenty years has been in command of Willamette River steamboats. He was in charge of the City ci ^j/riii 
 for a greater length of time than any other captain, and, on leaving her, entered the service of the Oregon Pacific o- ilieir 
 upper Willamette steamers, going from that company to the Oregon Railway S: Navigation Company, where he still renins in 
 command of their new steamer lilmore, 
 
 ' Michael O'Xeil was born in Ireland in 1S46, reached New York in I.S66, and after drifting about the Middle States an 1 ^il i" 
 California in 1869, going from there to Coos Hay, where he ran on the bar tugs for three years. He came to the Colnmbi i i^ivcr 
 
Rumarkabk Trip of thv "Shoshono," Willamette and Columbia Transportation Entvrprisis 
 
 ''\S 
 
 stcaiiii i> Ki'soliitf ami /jijiCHe Cilv, and the big sidewheel ferry Imilt at Portlaiul for tlic Oregon vV California 
 Riiilrii.il. Tlie Oregon Steam Navigation Company's steamer disituiiswAV, fitted with a wheelhonse, an imiirovetnent 
 dwiniK il I'v the late John Gates and the first of its kind to apjK'ar on sternwheel steamers. 
 
 The Umptiua Steam Navigation Company, organized at Oardiner, Or., hy a man named llann, conslr.t -led 
 the sli. liner Shan for the pnrpose of imvignting the waters of the Ump(|ua as far inland as Ro.sehnrg. Th.- .S.-inw 
 was linilt l>y Hiram Doncaster," and it is intimated that the prineipal object of the ventnre was to demonstrate 
 that iIk' river was navigable to the point named and accordingly worthy of Congressional assistance. If such was 
 the i'.i--c, Mr. Hann and his associates succeeded admirably. With the aid of a donkey engine and numerous 
 lines and cables, the steamer succeeded in reaching Ro.selntrg three 
 
 weeks .ifler leaving Umpcjua, and, as time was not an element in the ■ -■- 
 
 i|iiesii(iii, an ajipropriation of #70,000 was .secured on the strength of 
 her performance. This was the first and only visit that Koscburg 
 tver received from a steamboat, and, while the distribution of the 
 nioiiev was duly appreciated by the people of that section, its benefit 
 to steam navigation will always remain <|uestionable. Uy good 
 fortiMie and management the .steamer returned to a ])oint where 
 there was a sufficient depth of water to fioat her, and ran on various 
 routes for several years. Ca])t. Godfrey Seymour,' who is sti'l 
 sleanilioaling at Coos Hay, was one of the owners of the Sit'nn and 
 was engineer when she maile the Koseburg trip, and Capt. J. U. 
 Leeds'' .secured possession after the di.s.solution of the company 
 iiilercsted in her construction. Another small steamer called the 
 /;«/i//"/s(' was built on the I'miiqua in 1H70 by the Merchants iS: 
 I'ariners' Transportation Company. She was commanded first by 
 Capt. Henry Wade," and afterward by Captains Hoone and French. 
 In charge of the latter she started up the coast from Gardiner in 
 February, 1873, and while on the bar her steam jjipe collapsed, and 
 she drifted into the breakers, becoming a total wreck. 
 
 Theie were few additions to the I'uget Sound steam lleet in 
 i,S;ii, The little steamer /aiiifs Mortif was purchased from the 
 Western riiiou Telegraph Company by J. Hri.sby, and ran on Lake 
 Washington from Yesler Avenue to Newcastle, and was afterward 
 taken to Port Gamble and plied between there and Seabeck. In 1879 she was operated as a ferry between 
 La Cotmer and Coiipeville by Capt. George M. Coupe.'' The steamer .\lida. which ajjpeared in i.SCuj, commenced 
 
 on Ihe tnj; Meyrimac in 1S71, remaining with iier for six months and llien J^oin^; to the npjier Cnlumhia and Snake River, wliere he 
 was ill llie employ of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company for three years. lie was eliief engineer on the steamer lU'iiiUi witli 
 Capt. (leorge .Ainswortli in 1S76, amL with liie exeeption of a brief period when lie was on tlie steamer A'// /'(/;/ Witifc/i' witli 
 Cnpl. Will Wliiteonib, served (m the Astoria route with Captains .Ainsworlli and Ilaliliidge niitil iSSi . That year he joined tlie lulitli, 
 rciiiaining on the slcanier willi Ca])t. James WliiteomI) and Capt. Thonnis Crang until iSS^, when he returned to the upper 
 Cnhniiliia and was engaged on tlie . hiiiir Fii von with Captain Coe for a year. With Capt. Thomas Callal an he sniiseiineiilly 
 purchaseil the steamer .l/iiri/i'r, working with her .is engineer, retiring in 1S90 to go to the transfer boat Tmoiiui ,it Kalania, w here he 
 iiiis siiu'e reinaineil, 
 
 Mlirain Doneaster was born in Nova .Seotia in |S,^S, enme to the l*acirie Coast in 1S56, and followed the stampede to the 
 I'raser Kiver two years later. He reinaineil there a short time only, and has since worked at his trade at dilTerent yards all along 
 tile Cnasl, .\t I'orl l.ndlow he built the Fi'iis/ (Jihyh, at rmpipia the steamer Su'ii'i and seliooner /. />'. I.rfih. and in Sail 
 I'raiii'iM'o the steamer /iiiliifoisf. lie was engaged for a long lime in the shipyards of Middlemass iS: Hoole at San I'raiuisio, anil 
 while till re was employed by \V. I,, .\ilanis to go to Piiget .Sound, where he eonstrneted the bark CiismiiiiIiii . h/iiiiis, tug l/i'l\oki\ 
 ami liarkeiilines A*(7;7'('r'/V and Aftiiy H'ifikh'tihjn ; ship Olympus, sehooiier . hnerivaH Jloy and steamer /,oitisii, at Seabeek ; at I'orl 
 l.uiUuw. llie lug 7Vic and barkentine .S'Xi;i;// ; anil, at 'I'aeoma, the tug .IA>;'«/. The .hliiiiis and Olympus were two of the fastest 
 s.iiltrs 1111 the Coast, the latter having been the largest siiigle-ileek ship in ihe world. 
 
 'Capt. Godfrey Seyinonr, of the steamer kfsllfss, was born in Montreal, Canaila, January 1, iS?2. Ill i.S6j he began 
 sleamliipaliiig on the I'mpipia River on the A'i//7i»;ii«, iifterwaril serving 011 the little steamer ll^'iis/iiim/ini. He was engineer and 
 |iarl owner of the Sn'iiH when she made the famous exploring trip up the rmpi|Ua to Rosebnrg. Captain .Seymour w.is 
 also DM the steamer /in/fipnM' for a time, and now lives at (iardiner, Douglas County, Or., where he is at pre.^enl conueeted with 
 Ilk" sUailier JifHO. 
 
 Capt. josiali li. Leeds was born at Leeds roint, N. J., in LSjg, and before he w.as ten years old coinmeiieeil going to sea with 
 liis father, a well known .Atlantic Coast master, rising to the position of cajilain at the age of tweulytwo. lie came to the I'.'icille 
 Coast ill 1X51 as mate on the schooner /•'raiiiis Ellrii, and, in charge of that vessel, sailed out of San I'Vaucisco. going into the 
 rrapi|ua Kiver with her in May, 1S53. He selected the present site of ('iardiner. Or., and secured three hundred acres of land where 
 llu' town now stands. He sailed most of the time between the llnipiiua anil San I''raiicisco for about li-n years, and in iSf)5 retired 
 Irirai llu sea and settled on the l'iiipi|na. In 1S76, with Captain Hinsdale, he laid out the town of Canliiier and erecleil a 
 sawuiiil, which is now the properly of llie (iardiner Mill Company, to whom he disposed of his interesls in 18S2. While on the 
 riiipi|iia he Iniill the schooner Mory Clexila)i<l, which he operated for a long lime, and also purchased a half interest in Ihe steamer 
 U\isli!'i.;l(iii, then owned by Captain Hinsdale. He died in San I'raucisco. i'ebrnary 15, 1.S.S9. 
 
 ' Capt. Henry Wade, of Oardiner. Or., was born in Iiidian.'i in i.S.l^ and began his inariue career on the I'nipipi.-i River, 
 where In- was eiig.iged on the steamer U'tishint^tofi. He was afterward in conimand of the steamer liiifeipi isr for a few mniiths. 
 ami aliM.it 1S72 bought the steamer .Iran, wiiich he ran for four years and then sold her lo Captain Reed and lived ashore 
 for altoin tell years, going back again about 18S6 jis master of the keslii'ss. He remained in command of this steamer for simie 
 time all! was afterward on the Pispalih on the Coipiille River for a short period. He is at present captain of the steamer //(Hi). 
 
 Capt. Oeorge M. Coupe, of Seattle, a son of the pioneer, Capt. Thomas Coupe, was born in New York City in 1849. and, 
 with li:- ;iarenls. came to I'ugcl Sound in 1S53. settling on the Coupe farm on Whidby Island The early (lart of his life was spent 
 oil tin lops .lAi/ 1' /;//<■« and A'f'/c/riJuA, running between Whidby Island and I'orl Townseiid, a ferry route established by his 
 
 CAI'T, [llSIAII n. I.KI-.IIS 
 
 ! ''|jt!>1 
 
 1 
 
 w. 
 
 : H' 
 
 §:■ 
 
 i :; ' . 
 
 §' 
 
 fi'!( 
 
1 86 
 
 Lewis <f Dryden'a Marine Hittory of the Pacifio Northwest 
 
 running on the Victoria route in July, 1H70. She made hut few trips to Victoria, as she was rather frnil for 
 
 crossing the Straits, niul in Septeml)er the steamer /siiif/ vian o|)erate(l in connection with her, the .7//(/(» K"i"K no 
 
 farther than Port Towiiscnd. Finch & Wright had refitted the /i/ha Aiidfison wilii boilers from the wrtckcd 
 
 Suuoiniee and were using her in place of the new steamer Olympia, 
 
 and the .tiiJirson iiiid the /.uihcl indulged in some lively races v> -■. « •• .•.!- .-, ., _ 
 
 lictwcen \'icloria and I'ort Townsend, the latter boat proving the 
 
 faster, Before Captain Starr relieved Contractor Nash of his 
 
 financial difficulties, the latter had purchased the steamer Varuna, 
 
 intending to operate her in conjunction with the .llida as a mail 
 
 boat, but Starr never used her in that service. Finding that the 
 
 Aiideisoii was hardly holding her own with the Isabel and .Uii/a, her 
 
 owner started the Olyntpin on the route again in N'ovenilier, and 
 
 Starr commenced work on a new steamer that was to run more 
 
 economically and rapidly than anything on the Sound. The J. li. 
 
 l.ibhy was rebuilt at Seattle by Capt. John SufTern, and the North 
 
 Pacific Transportation Company sold the steamer (iiissie Tel/air to 
 
 Frank Uarnard of San Francisco, filling her place on the Portland 
 
 and Victoria route with the propeller California, in charge of Captain 
 
 Lyons. The same comj any was awarded the postal contract 
 
 between Port Townsend and Alaska, and operated the (icorxr S. 
 
 Wright. Captain Waitt, as a mail steamer. 
 
 Holladay's steam.ship I'tlican was among the newcomers on 
 
 the northern routes in 1870. She arrived at Victoria and Portland 
 
 on her first trip in June, H. M. Gregory, ma.ster. The Peliian was 
 
 a twin i)ropeller. one Ininilred and eighty-nine feet long, twenty-four 
 
 feet beam, thirteen feet hold, with two direct-acting cylinders forty by thirty inches. She was Imilt nt IlnP, 
 
 F^ngland, in i^s.S, to run between Dublin and Liverpool, but was purchased by the (Confederates, who used her as 
 
 a blockade runner during the war. On the 
 collapse of the Rebellion she was turned 
 over at Havana to the United States dov- 
 ernment and taken to New Vork. where slic 
 was .sold to David F'ay, who sent her to San 
 Francisco. On arrival there in October, 
 |86,S, she was (piickly absorbed by the Ilol- 
 laday line, and began running south from 
 San Francisco in the coasting tinde. As 
 originally constructed she was very speeily, 
 but in transforming her into a incrcliant 
 steamer she was encumbered with a very 
 heavy house and upper works, wliich 
 decreased her speed so that seven or eiglit 
 miles an hour was about her limit. Wliile 
 running north, Oregory was succeeded by 
 Capt. James Carroll, and Captain Harrisuii, 
 now commodore of the Yacht Club at 
 
 Sau.salito. As the Pelican was too .slow for passenger .service, she was .sold to the Costa Ricau Government, wliu 
 
 equipped her as a man-of-war, naming her the Yrazn. Capt. Thomas Doig," the Columbia bar pilot, was in 
 
 CAI'T. r,K(IHIiK M. Con 
 
 I'l'OKT SOI'.NI* STKAMKH ".AI.MIA' 
 
 father. Ill 1S68 lie was employed in the eiiKiiieeriii^ department of the Utsalady Mill. In 1871 he was engineer of the ste.iiiier 
 /,/««;>, and ill 1.S72 assistant engineer on the Favorite. He became captain of the steamer /'/;a«/(>/« in t,S76 and of they,;"'« 
 Afortie in 1S80. l'"rom 1.SS2 to 1887 he was purser with the Wasliiiigton Steamlioat Company on their various steamers. He rturcil 
 from marine pursuits in 1887 and has since lived ashore. 
 
 "Capt. Thomas DoiK was born in I'ifeshire, Scotland, in 1845, and made his first sea voyaj^e to Melbourne in 1859 in ilie 
 RIack Ball Uine of packet ships, remaining; in this employ for four years and leaving it to ^o to the mines in New Zealand. Hi- tva^ 
 then in the coastiufj trade around Australia for a similar period, goui); thence to Mauritius as male 011 a vessel. On returning iu' 
 eiixafjcd ill trading among the South Sea Islands for two years, next going to China, where he shijipcd with the vessel whirli 
 took the li'st cargo of Chinamen from Hongkong to New Zealand. He left the vessel at Hongkong a few months later, and, ,i;ier 
 making a couple of voyages to Singapore, came to Oregon as a passenger on the bark Garihalili \n 1872, and served for a ^liirt 
 time as a ileckhand on Holladay's steamers on the upper Willamette, subsequently joining the /•li/^/'wAt'/;!,'- as second mate.\:tli 
 Capt. J. \. Brown, with whom he was afterward mate for a few trips, and then commenced piloting for Captain I'lavel, willi wI'MH 
 he remained five years and then joined the opposition pilots on the schooner /fescue. When the latter withdrew. Captain I 'lij,' 
 went to Costa Rica to look after the sale of the schooner and while there was appointed captain of the man-of-war Vnizic tiie 
 old steamship /'(7/fa« under a new name. With the Yrazn he made a trip to Cocos Island with prisoners, and was in the .sei;ie 
 of the Costa Ricaii Government for a year, subsequently going to San Francisco, and, with pilots Howes, Woods and (>1 11, 
 purchasing the pilot schooner J. C. Cousins, which they operate<l on the Columbia bar until she was lost. Captain Doigt l" 
 engaged as mate on the steamer Queen until the pilot steamer Governor Moody was put into service, when he joined her as 01 uf 
 the State pilots and has since continued ou the bar. 
 
Remarkable Trip of the "Shoahone," Willamette ami Columbia Tnwaportatinn Enterpriaea 
 
 1H7 
 
 charge of her the first year after she liecanic a K)»)l><>"t. ""'I A. II. Kress," who had served with lirr in the 
 men hint service, was chief engineer. Other steamships on the northern route were the /ilitho, A/ontin/n. A/ours 
 T,i\:. / jtul .7/(1 >. The latter vessel was in coinniaiul of Captain Holies, with James Carroll, first oflicer, and on 
 a tri|' in March narrowly escaped destruction on the Colnnihia Kiver l>ar. The rudder was carried away, and a 
 line Ik r;iuie fouled in the pro|)eller. Carroll dove under the steamer and cleared the line, and Captain Holies 
 siicoti'li'd in riKK>"K " tem|H)rary rudilcr, witii which lie hroUKlit her throuKli in safet\ . The San l-'ranciscti 
 iiiuUnvrilers appreciated his service liy making him a present of five hundred dollars, and Carroll was rcwanlcd 
 wiili .1 valualde gold watch. The steamship .ir/iir was al.so run north for a short time, but was wrecked early 
 ill till- year. 
 
 Victoria's merchant marine was increa.sed \>y the .steamer (i)ti/>/>/i»; a well known gunhoat which had Iwen 
 CDiulciutifd and sold hy the naval authorities, ami l>y the return of the old /liunrr, which had lieeii under lease to 
 lilt Covtrmiieiit for several years. The latter vessel was turned over to the Hudson's Itay Company in October, 
 ,iml w.is hauled out for repairs, when a relic of her collision with Race RtK-ks was found in her tiinlR-rs in 
 the sliajH; of a tenpound piece of stone, which proved that the ol)slructioii was no match for the pioneer vessel. 
 Till- steamer //('/>(', built several years before, was extensively overhauled at Trahey's yard, the hull l)eiiig 
 IcnutluiR'd, and imiiroved cabin and freight accommodations supplied. She was launched in September and 
 reliiriK-d to the Fraser River. Hs(|uiinalt received a visit from the celebrated ■ Flying Sciuadron," including II. It. M. 
 ships /./,'/7/>(i()/, Juiiiymioii, I.Hfiw Plinbf, I'nn I i\\\i\ Snlla. then on a tour of the world. The I'. S. revenue cutters 
 /,/««. i/«, Captain Hooper, and Reliiimr, Commander Sullivan and Chief I'jigineer Doyle,' were stationed in the 
 Northwest the greater part of the year. The V. S. steamer Moliintii, with Coiiiiuodore Rogers of the North 
 Stiuadron of the Pacific fleet, was at Victoria in April, and after a lirief stay steamed down the coast, where her 
 crew had au exciting encounter with the old llriti.sh gunl)oat Foiuanl. The .I/i'///'<<j// was officered as follows : 
 \V. W l.ow, captain ; \Vm. H. Hronson, executive oflicer, Sam \V. Herry, navigator and ordnance oflTicer, 
 lieutenants; II. Knox, H. H. Mansfield, J. M. W'ainwright, R. Rush, ensigns ; J. H. Sherburn, lieutenant of 
 iiuiriiies ; Charles VV. I'etite, secretary ; P. Inch, chief engineer ; J. I). 
 Reilfield, paymaster; F. Iv. Potter, surgeon ; J. Iv Oillespie, assistant 
 surgeon ; (1. \V. Townrow, second assistant engineer ; Rierdeii, Hall, 
 Jatuiesoii and McCreary, mates ; J T. Clioat, boatswain ; J. S. (Iringer, 
 KuniKr ; R. \\,. Tattan, sailmaker ; Dwyer, carpenter; R. Baker, cap- 
 tain's clerk ; Mansfield, paymaster's clerk. 
 
 Pilotage and towage on the Columbia River, which had, prior 
 to this time, been vexed (piestions, were thoroughly and satisfactorily 
 systematized in 1.S71). The tug .hloria, running under a subsidy from 
 the State, was coinmaiided by Cajjt. A. 1). Wass, and as bar pilots 
 carried .Mfred Crosby, William Hocliau and A. C. F'arnsworth ; while 
 Fhil Joliii.soii, Granville Reed,'" M. M. (iilman and H. A. Snow were 
 the regular licensed branch pilots on the river. James Taylor, \V. F. 
 Kippiii and Thomas J. Dryer coiistitiited the Hoard of Pilot Commis- 
 siiHiers. the latter taking the place made vacant by the death of 
 Ci;plaiii Couch, who had also held the position of I'. S. Inspector of 
 Hulls, to which Capt. William Dierdorff" was ap])uiiited. James I.otan 
 was made Insjiector of Boilers alx)ut the same time. A number of 
 deep-water vessels arrived at Portland this year, most of them coming 
 with railroad iron for the (J)regon & Calitoruia Railroad, which Ben 
 HuUaday was then making strenuous efforts to complete. Among 
 those liriiiging iron were the Lyra, '/'oniciisk/olii, l.ovied, (lUiifiat . '/Viujx, I'rofiwti and Madawaska from Ivnglaud, 
 the ( .•i/^i-fss from Wales, and the /hiiiiii/fss, Sononi and Crmkell from New York. The barks Cian'bttldi and 
 lliillit- ('. /lissi- came from China, the former with 275 and the latter with 3S7 coolies. The ship Ikrtha also 
 arrived from Hongkong with 303 celestials. The German ship Herman /Vc/or arrived from China and loaded 
 
 CAI'T. TllOMAH l>OI«i 
 
 
 IiHI:! 
 
 ' .\. II. Kress, engineer, was born in Kentucky in 1S511 and li.is t)eeu euKaKcd in niarilime pursuits for twenty live years. On 
 couiiii^; to tile I'acifie Coast lie was second assistant of the steaiuslii]) Viiiliini for almnt three years, reniaiiiin^' with lier until slie 
 w.'is wicvked, and afterward hohliiig a similar position on the Stiti Lni-i. During the steanisliip /'t'/i't\in's last year in tile niereliant 
 iiiariiii- service, Mr. Kress was lier lirst assistant, ami afterward chief for four years in tlie service of the Costa Ricau (■invernineiit. 
 He then retireil from the water for a short tune ami enj^a^ed with the I'nion Iron Works, but, ])referrini^ life at sea, joined the 
 iltanisliip Saii/a Cm: us chief engineer for three vears, aflerwanl serving a short time on the Siin/ii A'osa. He was next employed 
 on till' company's ilock at San I'rancisco until i,SiS6, when he joined the Ci/y of Pmhla, leaving her in 1.S93 to lake his present 
 position as chief engineer of the steamship .SV((/f. 
 
 'James \. Doyle, engineer, was born in the Stale of New York in iSvS. lie secured his first license in New York City in 
 1S61, and soon afte. went into the revenue service as .second assistant engineer. lie held that position 011 the Wyiiiiila, and in June, 
 1S66, w.is promoted to chief. In 1S6S he made several cruises to .Maska on the U'yanda under Capl. John W. While and also under 
 Captain .Seidell. Mr. Doyle is now on the revenue cutter (,'ninl. 
 
 "Capl. Craiiville Reed was born in Maine in 1.S39. lie sailed for a iinmber of years on the .Mlantic Coast, but came west 
 about iSf).'; and commenced running on the steamer John If. Comii. He continued in lli'e employ of the Oregon Steam Navigation 
 Comp uiy until the fall of 1S70, when he began piloting, and since that lime has been regularly engaged as a branch pilot on the 
 Coliiii'ia auil Willamette rivers. 
 
 ^i m 
 
 I. •> 
 
 it » 
 
■ F" 
 
 f 
 
 1 88 
 
 Lv»i» (f Dryrfvna Marinv History of thv PacHic Northwest 
 
 wheat for t,ivcrpo<il. l-'orcign wlicnt Htii|)mcnts from the Coliiniliiii River hn<l niaterinlly incrensed, mid niiimin 
 
 the vi'ssels elenriiiK witli urniii eiir«<H'.s were tlie /itii, .Ullui. l.oiiiil, 7(>r,/,»\i/(>M n»i[ J/i»i/i;i>iiif>y ((rt//(, ihe 
 
 latter U'iiiK tile first iron MuiliiiK veHsi'l to enter the Coliiiiiliia Kiver. 
 
 Tile liarkeiitiiie r. /.. 'lavlot loaded liiinlier at I'ortlaiitl for Callao. This vessel, for many years in ihc 
 
 eoastiiiK trade, was a historic ernft, and during the Civil War saiUil a^ ilit 
 
 KiiiilHiat W'iiioiKi, attaehcd to Farraniil's lleet, and was the first vess< I to 
 
 run the Idockaile in the Mississippi. The liark ('(im/»ii(t;f and Itarkeiilim- 
 
 y</'//' .•/. /•'(ilkriihiii; made le^tilar trips between the Coliinihia River iiiiil 
 
 the Sandwich Island.s, and the W'liisllit, .l/>ii<i/iii. '/.,f>h\i\ ll'it'/oo/ aiiil a 
 
 niiniher of others were coasting north I'roiii San I'rancisco. Pn^et Soiiiurs 
 
 latest production, the hark /'/i/i;/ ll'uir, owned hy MeiHK'* '"^ (lawliy, 
 
 made a roniidtrip record lielweeii Port Madison and San l''ranci.sco wliiili 
 
 remained unchallenged lor many years, sailing; to the Hn> City, when- ^lu- 
 
 discharne<l 7511,1111(1 feet of Innilier, loaded a return car^o and reachiil I'mi 
 
 Mailison in the short space of twenty two days. The /'oirsl Miikl \\,i> 
 
 another I'li^et Sound Iniilt vessel which appeared this year. She wasn 
 
 ceiiterldiard schooner of aliout one hundred and sixty tims register, and 
 
 was launched with her ri>;n'"K coinplelc. Captain Ivdwards," late of llic 
 
 /V(((i)«, took charne and oiH'rated her in the redwood lumlier trade. Two 
 
 other small schooners, the l.i)<liltiin^ and the Toh\ were constructed at 
 
 Port I.iidlow ill 1H711. I'liKct Sound's lumlier fleet was larger than ever 
 
 l)efi)ie. All ol the old timers in the coasting trade were in active service, 
 
 and a ureat many vessels came iVom foreign ports The hark Aiii, Cajit. 
 
 J. H. Swift,'" was plyiiiu In'tweeii the Sound and the Sandwich Islands in 
 C^i'T. William Iiikhiiiikki' \ j r, 
 
 this trade. 
 
 Marine casualties in i.Sjowere fewer than duriiiK the preceding year, although a mtinher of accidiiits. 
 
 several of wliicli were accompanied hy loss of life, were reported. The sclinoner Chnmfiion. from Astoria I'nr 
 
 Shoalwater Hay, was wrecked 011 the bar, April istli. She was under charter to Mr. Mud^je of Astoria to lake a 
 
 car^o of lumber to the Hay, and while on the bar, bound out, the wind failed, and the vessel was olili^ed to anchor. 
 
 Diiriii>; the iii>;ht a heavy swell came on, and the schooner was capsi/ed. Captain Dod^je and son, H. Stevens of 
 
 Astoria, and an Indian boy, started for Astoria, were driven back by the storm, and on iieariiijf the wreck their 
 
 boat overturned, and all except the Indian were <lrowued. He esca|H;d by lashing himself to the l)oat, and was 
 
 washed ashore near Oysterville next morniiiK. The schooner I'.lleii, another ^ 
 
 small coaster, was wrecked on Shoalwater Hay a few days later, the crew 
 
 fortunately escaping. Hoth vessels were built for the Tillamook and 
 
 Shoalwater trade about 1X65. The American bark Zefiliyr, from I'uget 
 
 Sound for San Francisco, struck a rock near Mayiie Island, February i,Uh, 
 
 knocking a big hole in the hull, after which she slid off and sank in ninety 
 
 fatlrniis of water. Captain Hipson and seaman James Stewart lost their 
 
 lives, and First Officer I.usi-, and the remainder of the crew reached Victoria 
 
 in a small boat. The pioneer bark Charica Di veils was wrecked in I'ebriiary, 
 
 while attempting to sail out of Coos Hay laden with l-imber. She became 
 
 waterlogged, was brought back to North Hend, and, on discharging her 
 
 cargo, was found to be so badly damaged that repairs were not attempted, 
 
 and she was abandoned on the mud flats. The schooner Comviotloir, while 
 
 going into the Cofpiille at low tide, October 22d, struck a rock and sank. 
 
 The bark Oaithiil, while crossing Coos Hay bar. May ,^1, in tow of the tug 
 
 /■'earless, parted her haw.ser and was driven ashort by the heavy south wind. 
 
 No lives were lost, but the vessel was stripped and abandoned. The North Pacific Transportation Coinpaiiv's 
 
 steamship Aelite. from San Francisco to Victoria in command of Captain Lyons, struck a rock .south of Cape 
 
 Mendocino, sustaining injuries which rendered it necessary to beach her. The passengers and crew reached shore 
 
 " Ciipt. William I'. Kilwards was born iu Maine in 1847. His first experience in tlie marine Imsiiiess whs 011 tlie AtlxnMc 
 Coast, sailing 011 iltep-waler vessels. He came to tlie I'arific on the sliip A/ir Oak. anil tlicii joined tlic schooner /. A'. Il'/ii/i'ix mi 
 hci initial voya(.;iv After .she was wrecked he ran on the bark .lilelaiile l'oof>e> as mate, and then on the .ship Diibliii for one inii in 
 the same capacity and afterward as master. He entered the employ of William J. Adams soon after and remained with him lir 
 ei)(hteen years, ninniiiK during that time on the barks Oregon, Oissanilia . Ii/miis, Olympus amiy. /!/, (Iiiffilh. He was then niii^ur 
 of the steamer Mary lluiiie un Kel River for two years, and now occnpies that position on the steamship Hiiiiiholill. 
 
 "Capt. J. H. Swilt was born at Middleboro, Mass., July 4, 1S16. He went to sea at the line of fourteen, serving on whaliis, 
 and worked his way from the position of cabin boy to that of mate. .\t the aee of twenty-one he was a muster on sailing vessels nut 
 of New York, and was with the ships 6V(»;y ami /•'((»;«<««, and the liark --/«(/(/)>• in the Arctic Ocean, remaining on these lliiic 
 vessels about einht years. In i,S55 and 1X56, while captain of the .hiatlyr, he made two trips to I'rance with spars for the KreiuU 
 Oovernuient, loading at Camaano I.sland. In |S6.^ Captain Swift located on a farm at Wliidby Island, returniiiK to the water in 1^7" 
 as captain of the bark .//'(/, with which he took a cargo of lumber to the Sandwich Islands. I'roni |.S7,S to i.SiSo he was pilot 
 commissioner for Washington Territory, and was afterward elected to the Territorial Legislature. Captain .Swift died at Conpevi'e, 
 Wash., in May, 1892. His son, Capt. K. A. Swift, is now a prominent steamboat captain on I'uget Sound. 
 
 CaI'I. j. 11. SWIIT 
 
Remarkablti Trip of the "Shothonv," Willamottv and Columbia Transportation Enterpriitt 189 
 
 It:* 
 
 >«r k \MKh ■ NiiK III !■ \i II K 
 
 in milolv, but the vcnsel was n totnl loiw. The Mti-nmsliip ('oHliHittlal, whicli bnniKht oiil the Mercer %\xU in iHfift, 
 wa* I iiiKht ill II KiiK- wliili' i-rnssiiiK thi- Oiilf of Culiforiiiii, Si'|>tfiiilH.'r J7tli, mid foiinik-ri-tl, I'inht laiiple |n-titiK 
 lliiMi lives. Till' i'ioifiiiiiiliil WHS ill ciiiiitimnii of Ciiiit. Chris Dull, who wiis si-viTi'ly ((.•iisiiriil lor hi-> comliut on 
 thi- •' i.ision. Tiic survivors witv pifkvtl up !•>■ tliv stiMiiishi|> ( \<li<nulo and tliv lliiittd Stalvs stvaiiur lh>/<ii\ 
 
 Notable dentils in the marine circle in 1870 were Capl. John 11. Couch at I'orllaiid. Capt. W. H Wells, 
 
 who was drowned at Shoal- 
 water Hay. and Capt. Syl- 
 vester Hinsdale, the I'nipipm 
 pioneer, who died at l.arainie, 
 Wyoming'. Captain Sher- 
 wood, who ran north on the 
 (iiissir 'I'lllair and a number 
 of other steamships, was 
 drowned ofT the coast of 
 Japan while ciinav;ed in the 
 pilot service. 
 
 Steamboat buildiiiK. 
 which hud been slightly 
 checkeil during the past few 
 >ears, started in >vilh renewed 
 vinor in 1.S71. aiid over a 
 score of first class steamers 
 were set alloat in different 
 parts of the Northwest. < )n 
 I'liHil SiHind, where opposition was fierce, a truce was eflTected by the paMuent of a subsidy of }i,4()ii a month to 
 iMiK'li \ Wright, in consideration of their withdrawal from the OlymjiiaVictoria route. This );ave the Starrs 
 coiitriil ol that rich tratVic, and they arraii>;e(l to maintain the monopoly by building the Xorlli I'luiiii, a boat which 
 has retained her prestige loiijjer than any other I'li^et Sound steamer, with the possible exception of the /•'.Iha 
 .hii/iisoii. The A''//// /'(iri/i< was launched at San l-'ranci.sco. May i8tli, and arrived at Dlymjiia, June 1.}, i,S7i. 
 Witli such a comparatively ecomunical as well as elegantly ec|iiipi)ed craft, the Starrs decided that they were jiroof 
 ,i(;aiiisl any oiiposition which mi>;ht arise, and accordinjjly discontinued the subsidy to the owners of the C'/iin/'/ii, 
 whicli in a very short time was back on the route. Then began the (4reatest steamboat war that the vSound had 
 yet witnessed. Captain Starr opened hostilities with a grand free 
 
 excursion on June Jijth. Two days before he had raced the A'oith ' 
 
 PiuijU against the Ohnipia, making the run from N'ictoria to Port 
 Townscnd in two hours and forty-one minutes, three minutes better 
 time than his o]>ponetit. Odds were about even with the parties 
 en(;at;cil in this warfare, the boats were well matched as to speed, and 
 their liiiancial b.icking was about eijual. The Victoria peojilc favored 
 
 tile steamer Olymfiia, while the I'uget Sound contingent were inclined \ 
 
 to support the A'oiili I'tirilir. Taking these conditions into considera- 
 tion. Captain Starr soon realized that he had made a mistake in cutting 
 off tile subsidy, and. after a miinber of very pretty steamboat races, 
 aiiulliei compromise was efTected in July, by which Kiiich iSc Wright 
 disposed of their wharf at Olymiiia, the steamer /-i/iui .liuhrsoii and 
 all iillier steamboat interests held by them on the Sound, and further 
 agreed to withdraw the (Vvm/'iii from that field for all time. While 
 tile iippositiou lasted, rates <lropped to twenty-five and fifty cents for 
 the imiiid trip between Victoria and Sound ports. When the Starrs 
 were aj;aiii in absolute control, they decided not to invite coinpetition 
 by living to maintain the excessive charges previously in vogue. 
 Aciuriliiigly a rate was made, from Olympia to Tacoma or Seattle, 
 $J.'"; to Port Townsend, 5,V5'>; to Victoria, S,s.<x) ; meals, seventy- 
 five cents ; staterooms, S4 txi. The A\>iih Pik'/ii continued on the 
 \'icl.iiia run in charge of Starr for .several years. Captains Clancey. 
 SiiiiUi ami Wilson also running in command. In i,S76 she raced from 
 Victoria to Port Townsend with the steamship Dnkola. making the trip in two and one-half hours, distancing her 
 rival half a mile. The Starrs kept her on the route for which she was built until they disposed of their interests 
 to tlu- Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, and until the ai)i)earance of the Olyiiiftiaii and . l/ashiii she was 
 regained as the flagship of the Sound fleet. In 1885 she i- Me a walking-beam and cylinder, sustaining damages 
 anii'iinling to $30,000, but was again repaired, and continued in commission, except at intervals, until the Union 
 
 CAI'I . IIANIKI. MUKKIS 
 
 I 
 
 '' it. ,— . 
 
 ill 
 
 k 
 
igo 
 
 Lewis (f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Pacific abandoned the Sound. She was then laid up, but afterward made occasional trips in place of the Northern 
 Pacific steamer tV/r o/' Khit;slon until February, 1894, when she was permanently retired. Nearly all the 
 prominent steatnboatmen on Puget Sound have been employed at various times on this steamer. Capt. Cuiirge 
 
 Roberts began his career with her over twenty years ago and was the last man 
 to command her. Captains Dan Morr'-nn,'' McAlpin, Dixon, Anckison, 
 Browner, " Orr, Jordison, and the Starrs, wore also among her masters, and \'an 
 Tassell, Howell,'' Driscoll,' and a score of other well known engineers, liave 
 served with her. The North Pacific was built from plans made by John Cate.s, 
 Yates i*t CoUyer of San Francisco performing the work. Siie was one humlred 
 and seventy-eight feet long, fifty-two feet beam over all. 
 
 At Freeport, Wash., or, as it is now called. West Seattle, Capt. Gi-orye 
 White built the propeller l-'.tl<i White, to be u.sed as a towboat for the Frei;pi>rt 
 Mill Company. The steamer is still afloat and is now owned by Capt. Henry 
 Smith," who, except at intervals, had command of her for over twenty three 
 
 ^■'Capt. Datiit'l Morrison is a native of Nova Scotia and coinnifnced liis marine life on 
 sailing vessels on the .Mlanti': Coast, remaining tliere in the coasting and deep-water trade 
 until 1862, when he moved to Pnget Sound atnl hegan steamho.'iting on the ICiiza . Initi-t^in. 
 He remained with this steamer several years, soon reaching the position of master and 
 hainlling Iter on nearlv every route on which site was operated during her career. When the 
 Starr Hrotliers snccee<ie<l Finch & Wright, 
 Captain Morrison remained with the 
 Capt. (.kokur H. hhownkr steamers, and while in that service tanght 
 
 Captain Starr some valnahle lessons in 
 steamhoaling, of the practical part of which that nnignate knew hut little when 
 he lir.sl eml>arke.! on the Sound. While engaged with tlic Starrs. Captain Morri- 
 son coinmandeil lia' Istihcl, Aliila. Xoilh /'iici/ir, and all of the steamers operated 
 on tlie Victoria re ate, and no man who ever serveil there made a lietter record. 
 While running tilt /suAc/ and the A"/;-!! .-hidfisoii Captain Morrison liecame an 
 expert in the navif; aioii of Ilritish CoUimliia waters, and retired from the steamer 
 service in the seventies to accejil a position as deeji-water pilot in the Victoria 
 district. In this capacity he has remained up to the present time, never meeting 
 with the slightest accident with any vessel in his charge. Captain Morrison has 
 now completed a third of a century of service in the Northwest, and there are li.it 
 few men living who have taken a more active jiart in the business on Puget 
 Sound and liritish Columbia. 
 
 ■'"Capt. Cieorge II. Urowner was horn in Halifax, Nova .Scotia, in 1841, and 
 comnienced steamhoating on the Sound in 1S6S on the /ilizn .Imlfison, leaving 
 her the following vear to make a trip to Honohiln on a brig sailing from I'liget 
 Soniid, On his return he served as mate on the steamers /'/izii . hiilcisoii. .l/ictti 
 and Xoilh l\uifu\ afterward commanding the two latter vessels and also the 
 steamer Annie Stewail. He made a good record as a steamboatman, but die<l 
 while still young. 
 
 •'John J. Howell, engineer, was bom in Ireland in 1.S45. and coinmenced his 
 marine career ont of Knglish ports on steamers in i86v His first experience on 
 the Pacific Coast was in 1871 , when he was eiigageil on the steamship Idaho 
 between Portland and San I'rancisco. In 187,^ he ran to Victoria cm the sleain- 
 sliip I'linif Alfird, remaining with her for two years, and sulise(|uentiy ran south, 
 from San I'"raiicisco for a few months. He was next cliief engineer on the I'uget 
 Sound tug .S". /.. Masliik a year, and was afterward on the lowboats lun'oiilc and 
 Kolic. He then returned to Victoria, and served as chief on the steamer /■'inniii, 
 going from her to the Xoith I'tuilic, where he ran with Captain Clancey for six 
 months until the new tug .l/cvam/cr was complcte<l, on which he served as chief 
 
 engineer for two vears, and was chief on the steamer .Ucxanitfi when .Mex John J. IIowki.i. 
 
 McLean took her on a sealing exiicdition out of San Krancisco. Other vessels on 
 
 which he nas worked as chief engineer are the tug Mai r . Inn on Ilnmbiddt bar for two years, 
 
 the G';///'/('w/(7/ two years, anil the steamer A'ca'/u'i n running form San h'rancisco to Mexican 
 
 ',""'. ports. He held this position on the tug A'ohatts when she capsi/ed on \\f\ River bar. snireriii^ 
 
 serious damage and drowning Captain Adams. .Since returning frtmi his cruise on llie 
 Alt'.vandt'y, lie has been employed on shore most of the time. 
 
 ■■'James Driscoll, engineer, was born in Ireland in i.8.|(). ami after his arrival in iliis 
 country in the early sixties was engaged for several years in the steamship setvice bet\\ccii 
 lialtiniore, Charlestcm and Savannah. His first work on coming to the Pacific Coast wm-^ as 
 fireman on the .lint in 1869, .ami from this steamer he went to the Oneonta as second engituer. 
 He snbsetiucutly moved to the .Sound and served for a short time on the steamers (,'otiali and 
 North J\u'ih(\ and after his return to Oregini was emploved as second engineer on the steamers 
 (hovhfc, '/'evino and Yal^iina on the upper river, and on the l/aywaiii, I'aisy Aiii<:<:'illi, 
 Ilonita and . Uinic Stc^rat I. He snbse(|iieiitly returned to Puget Sound and was eng.'tged t'>r a 
 few months on the ll'cnat and also as chief on the steamer Fanny /.ahc, but soon came back to 
 Portlanil to take the position of chief on the Onconla. When the Willamette steamer In'.rrr 
 started for .Alaska, he went with her to Victoria as second engineer, and (Voir that point I'lok 
 charge of her engines. On his return he was for over a year chief engineer of the i-'annv /^a/'>>ti, 
 and has since been employed in this capacity on the steamers (iovcinor itroi-ct, /u'nj>i:it, 
 Chainpiiin, .Ilia; /;'. A'. Cdot, (hhtaliaina, />i.rir 7Vioin/ison, S. (,'. A'liil, /■'inma //iii.wnJ. 
 and nearly all of the Oregon Railway N: Navigation fieei. Jlr. Driscoll has held papers as 
 chief engineer for twenty years. 
 
 "■'Capt. Henry .Smith was born in New York and became proficient in the marine pi"lfs- 
 CAi'T. IlKNKv Smith sion on the Eastern coast. He reacheil Paget Soniiil in r.Sfii. ami shortly after his arrival luiniil 
 
 employment on the Ftiza .tndcrson. In 1871 he was interested with Capt. (ietirge Wliit in 
 building the steamer Ftta IVhite, ami when she was finislieil assumed commaiid and ran her for over twenty years. In 1875 he Miik 
 her to British Columbia, operating her as a towboat until 1894, wlieii he gave her up to take the tug Hfogiit. which he purch.ist i i" 
 Taconia ami registered under the Ilritish Mag. There are many marine men who have pursued their vocation in the Northwest du.iiig 
 a longer period than Captain Smith, hut it is probable that he holds the record for the longest continuous service on one steamer 
 
 li: ► ■ 
 
 <.' rSf^ -■*■ 
 
Remarkable Trip of the "Shoshone," Willamette and Columbia Transportation Enterprises 
 
 191 
 
 year>. l(.':iviiig her in 1894 to take the tug Moi^iil. The F.l/a IVhilc ran for a short time on Puget Sound, hut 
 was atlerwarcl sold to the Port Moody Mill Company in 1875, Captain Smith going with her to Hritish waters, 
 wlun- lie has since remained. The //'////cwas a good towboat of about one hundred tons gross register. Tlie 
 
 steamer (iolia/i, which had made occasional trips to Xortlivvestern ports 
 twenty years before, became a permanent fixture on Puget Sound in 
 1.S71, coming up from San Francisco in March in command of Captain 
 Hayden, and entering the service of the Port Gamble Mills, Cajit. 
 Thomas Butler '' having charge for a few months, and Henjamin \'. Ro.se, '' 
 Jeremiah McGill'" and Williamson being among her first engineers. A 
 sketch of her career since that time will be found in the third chapter. 
 
 The steamer /.<f>liy>\ at present the oldest sternwlieeler on Puget 
 .Sound, was built at Seattle in i.S;! by J. F. T. Mitchell ' and M. M. 
 Robi)ins for the Seattle and Olynipia route. Capt. Thomas A. Wright 
 was her first master, with Charles II. Low," mate, Wright remaining with 
 her until 1875, when she was turned over to Capt. X. L. Rogers. Two 
 years later .she was sold by the sheriff to M. H. Stacey for ?,;.,vso. Capt. 
 George I). Me.s.scgee* then purchased an interest in the steamer, 
 
 •' Capt. Thomas liuller was l)orii in Boston in iS.ju and wtMit to sea at the a^c 
 of tliirlceii, sailing' liclwuen Ni'w Vork and I.iveriiool, and afturward to .Sonth 
 America and Calcutta. He made a trip to San I'Vjinciso(» in i.Ss,^ in the dipper 
 GohiiH /uif:li\ and aKain in 1X55 in the chjiper H'lilwuiil l/n. lie arrived at Port 
 
 Townsend ill 1S6S, where he has since had 
 
 mand of several 
 
 Hl'I.NJAMIN V. KllSK 
 
 amoiij; them hein^ the l>arks Miltiii, littttui I'is/it .and /<("/('.v C/it's/i>ii. When the 
 (f'ii//i;/; came to the Sound in iS7i,he ran her for ahoiit six monlhs. ( If hue vears 
 he has heeii eii^a^red in the stevedoring business at I*ort Towuseml. While lii tlie 
 merchant marine service he was in India during the rehellion of is.sS. and in iSI-i\ 
 the hark ll'/iis/Z/m; 11 hid w.as taken from him hy the Confederate cruiser ( 'oqiiellc, ami chiriii); the .Arj.jeiiline reheUion of i.Sds-iih 
 he was in tlic Sontli .American trade. 
 
 ■'■' Henjamin V. Rose, engineer, was born ill London in lS4g and came to San l"ranci.sco in 1S71 . lie joined the ste.iiiisliip 
 /.I'.v .hti^f'/t's, ])iyin^ to ,S:in Pedro, soon after liis arrival, and spent a \ear in tile Pacilic Mail service rnnnin;; to China, and another 
 year on the P.mania route While o'l I'mjel Sound he served for several months on the lii); (in/in/i. Other vessels with which he has 
 iieea conni'cted are the . //(a/(7 runniii)^ to Coos Hay, IVaiiti U'tjlla to Piii^et Sound. '/V/A/'W('('X' to Tillamook, and »lie Sacramento 
 River steamers /. /', /'rlt'is. (.'af'l.t, 1 //VA,; and .S"i7h l.oiriizK lie was in the employ of the Pacifu- Midi Coinjiany for six years. In 
 aildiliou to his marine service. Mr. Kr)se has worked on shore at the rnion Iron Works, Risdon Iron Works, tl'alifnrnia Machine 
 Works, and the Central .and Southern Pacilic Company's slui])S. Hefore coming to this country he served in the Hritish Navy on the 
 ^milioat . //vv'.'i", suhsequently j^oini; to the l\ast Indies, where he spent three years ;is enj^incer on ^overnineni vessels. 
 
 ■'lereiniah McCdll was horn in New Vork in I.S.|2, and ifier heooiniti),' an engineer w.is employed on the .Atlantic Coast 
 oil diifcreiu steamers in the nicrchant service ami in the navy. lie visited California in iShS and was for a short lime on the 
 old siilcwheeler Cii/ifoinia. and in iS7n coinmenced running north from Portland to .Sitka on the propeller (\iliti'i iiin. He 
 W.IS 1)11 Ihis route for three ye.irs and then took char>;e of the eiij^iiie-rootn on the ln>; {'•oliah on llie Sound, leaving her after a stay 
 ol luiir vars anil KoiuK over to Victoria as eiiKiiicc'r on the pioneer steamer lleavt'i , where he remained for eighieeii months. i.)ii 
 leaviiii; the hitler he was otfereil a position on the lii^ tug Alt'vaudcr and remained on her two years. l"roni the . //('.I'l/WtA';" he 
 entered Spratt's "Uiploy and ran on his steamers until i,S.Sft, when he returned to the Sound and for a short time worked on the l\li:a 
 .liitiiison. He is liviiii; in .Seattle at present. 
 
 ■'Capt J. I'. T. Mitchell was born in .Scotland ill 1.S40. He came to the .Sound in i86j, and ran the schooner /.(•((// from 
 Seattle lo Victoria, making on an a-, erage two trips a week dnriiij; the Cariboo and 
 Civil War excitements. Tile /-(■(/// was owned by John Robinson of Whidhy Island, 
 and Ca]iiain Mitchell was in coinmand for nine months, after which he bewail build- 
 iii>,' slcainers and sailing craft, and lUirinj; his time li.as completed sixty-four vessels. 
 He cnii>tnicled the steamer /.t'^hyy, the first sternwlieeler on the Stuiiid ; the \r//it\ 
 lust oil the Snolunnish River ; ( ./v./c/r, wrecked on the I'raser ; .-tllit' /. . //j;('/', the 
 very successful scaler; (.I'lVixr I'. Slmi, sicamer Oui\ii (ih : sternwlieeler 
 H'illi,- : propelh's Titlir, Si\UII,, A/ui y /•'. IViirv, Cily of Shi 11:^001!, and the 
 .S"«(,v((, tile first propclU r on tile Sound and the iirsl passenger steamer to run to 
 I'nrl lilakely ; and in Hiitish Columbia the steamers SIciiszv. on Kamloops I.ake, 
 Mi'.Diir. .jliiika ami (•'liilr. Captain Mitchell is still eiiKa>;ed in shiiibuildiiiK. 
 
 •'C;i]>t. Charles H. I,ow was born in t)Iym]iia ill 1S55. and bej^an steamboat- 
 iiiK oil the ste.imer /yp'ivr in i.Syi. Hefore he was twenty years of af;e he had 
 occiipu'il the j.osiiion of mate on the /.t'phyi and Ytikiina^ and in 1S76 was captain 
 of the sleamer ('(•///(). towim; lo>;s for the Port Hlakcly mill. He left her to take 
 comiiiaihl of the steamer llUxck IHaiiirnd for the Tacoma Jlill Company, and in 
 iSyS mill up the .Stiokeeii River with Capt. Hen .Stretch as pilot em the steamer 
 Stills. On his return he took coininaiid ot the steamer /. A', t.ihhy for a year. 
 He siilisci|ueiitly purchased an interest in the l.ihby awA in the sleamer .\'('///i', of 
 wliiih he li.id lakeii command. He also ran the steamer Kiihy for about a year and 
 siitisiijiicntly had char^^e of the steamer //'. /■'. Miifnor, on which he remaineil till 
 the time of his death, June 12, 1SS7. 
 
 ' Capt. Ceorj^e I). Messef^ee of Olynipia is a native of Greece, and he^aii his 
 career cm the water on the romaiilic Danube, leaving; there when but a hoy for a 
 criii«- nil the Meiliterraiieaii, from there K"iiiK '" "i'' "lack Sea. and afterward 
 sailiiii; on the .Atlantic between New Vork and Murojiean ports. He came to the 
 I'aciti,- Coast about thirt\' ye.irs a^o ami he^aii sleamboatin^ on Piij^et Souiul on 
 tile /.'.;,( ,-liii/nsiiii, a steamer wliic.i has been the training school of more PiiKel 
 Soiiii.l 'iteamboatmeii than aiiv other craft that ever ran in those waters. Captain 
 Messi- ;i e worked up from the position of ileckliaiid until he was master of the 
 steiiiiii r and had established a repntatiim as one of the best fog pilots on the Sound. 
 When ihe Oregim Railway S: Navigation Company decided to send the steamer IJalio to Puget .Sound, Captain Messegee w is 
 selei 1. 1 to take her around from the Columbia, and in his cliargi , with the assistance of l^iigineer .Al Mniigcr, she made the b.-sl 
 recnni of any river steamer that )'ad ever atleiiipteil the trip. Captain Messegee also piloted llie /■'IttiwooJ and other Culniiioia 
 Kiver leaniers around to the .Sound, and in all «i his experience never met with a serious aeciclenl. 
 
 jKHKMI.\li McOii.i. 
 
 m 
 
 
 ■J:u N 
 
 if ■ i i 
 
 I 
 
 ii 
 
193 
 
 Lewis (f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Norttiwest 
 
 siihsequently disposing of his portion to Barlow & Welch of Taconia. Capt. \V. R. Hallard' next secnixd the 
 Zey/iyr and operated her for nine years, selling her in 1887 to the Tacoina Mill Company, in whose service slie has 
 since been empU yed as a towboat. Capt. J. A. Hatfield was part owner and master of her for a short time before 
 
 she Wiis sold, and Capt. CharUt> I,ow 
 began his career with her in 1871. 
 Another small stern wheeler luariiij; 
 the misleading name Conn/ \v,is 
 launclied at Seattle in 1871 liy Cap- 
 tain Randolph, who was the first man 
 to operate a steamer on Lake Wash- 
 ington. The Comet was for a loiij; 
 time in the White River tradi' ami 
 ran for .several years on nearly all tht 
 routes out of Seattle. Charles .Sperry 
 was one of her earliest engineers, and 
 Capt. Samuel J. Denny,'" D.mitl Ben- 
 son, George liensou ' and others were 
 in command at different times. .She 
 passed out of exi.stence early in the 
 eighties. The small sidewheeler 
 Clara was bu'lt in Seattle in 1S71 by 
 the Seattle Coal & Transportation 
 Company, who used her almost 
 She was small and slow and was in service but a few years. The Pliauloin was 
 
 i?ISi^ 
 
 Stkamkk "ZKrilVR' 
 
 exclusively as a towboat. 
 
 taken into Lake Washington by Capt. John Suffern, who had .secured a contract for towing barges on the lake. 
 
 Harry Lord '' going with him as engineer on the steamer. After the .Starrs had .settled their differences with 
 
 
 : , 
 
 1 ,' ft 
 
 W 
 
 -'Capt. \V. R. Ballard was born ill Ohio ill 1.S47 and caine to the l*acifie Coast will, his parents ten years later. His first 
 steaniboatiiig was 011 the /.iplirt, anil in 1S77 he beeanie master of the steamer. A few years later he pnri-haseil an interest in lier. 
 and in i8.S,i heeame sole owner. He operated the /c/i/dr in a liinlily profitable manner nntil KSS7, when lie sold ont and eiUtreil 
 other pnrsuits with a eonifortable fortune made in the steamboat business, ami is at present a prominent capitalist of Seattle. 
 
 '"Capt. .Samuel J. leniiy, of Kenton, Wash., >vas born in Indiana in iSs^, and, after reaehinj^ the .Sound in 1S72, lHj;aii 
 runnint^ on the steamer i. 'inct. He subseiiuently filled ilifTerent jiositions on the pioP'-"r steamers Dai^y, .htttir, (iitzillc, 
 .Ut-ssiiixt'i', Cily of Oiiiiny I,' A'. .lAvrr/'w and C'usiiutr.s. Recently he has been 
 on the //liny Jhiiliy and luiiiiiy lake, beiiiK par owner of the latter steamer. 
 
 -' Ca])t. Georf^e Heuson of Seattle was born in London in 1S41, ,'iud com- 
 ineiieed steamboating in the No'-thwest with the Oiifoiila on the Columhi.i River 
 ill 1870. He was in tile Drej^oii Steam Navigation Company's employ for some 
 time as mate on the steamers Ocriiliiil, Oiirnl, .lii/iir S/tUdi/, .Iniiif Faxon, 
 John fii)/fs, t)i rif '/'/loiii/isoii, A/ti/io and .V T. CIniirh. He also worked 011 the 
 Willamette River steamers Ohio, ( ily of' .Salem and . /. . /. A/eCiiUy. He went to 
 I'uget Sound in the early part of the eighties, served for a short time on the 
 I'iiy of (Jidiny, owned by the Washington Steamboat Company, and was after- 
 ward master, mate and pilot on a number of boats owned by that eompaiiy. 
 Among the steamers on which he has been employed on the Sound are the 
 Washini;loii. Zefihyr, h'leela'ooil, Fanny Lake ami //'. /•'. Mnnioe. He was on 
 the Fanny /.ake when she was destroyed by fire, and with this exception has 
 never met with an accident. 
 
 '•Harry I.ord was born in San I'Vaiicisco in 1S55, going to I'nget Sound 
 with his parents a few years later, where his father found emiiloyment as a mill- 
 wright ill the I'nget Sound Mills. In 1871, when sixteen years of age. I.ord was 
 placed in the engine-room of the steamer I'haiiloin, under the direction of Capt. 
 John .\ .Sulfern, an (ddtiine sleamship engineer. He leinaiiied in this position 
 for tliirleeu months, going from her to the steamer /. /.'. Lihby, and next entering 
 the enijiloy of the .Seattle Coal iS: Transportation Company on the steamers Lina 
 C. (iiay and Chehalis. lieiug too young to obtain a license, he was given charge 
 of the locomotive rnnning between I. ake I'nion and the foot of I'ike .Street, 
 Seattle, where the coal-chutes wer»* 'ocated. When the coniiiain- suspendeil 
 operations in 1871, Mr. Lord jiiiiie.l lii,' /Ihuk Diamond, leaving her t>) take a 
 position as eugiiK*er in the Tai'imia .Mill, which be resigned beca'.if,e of sickness 
 and went to I'orll-.nd and .\stor'a, where he worked for a short lime, but was laid 
 lip for twenty-six inontlis by losing a tliiimb while railrnading on the Oregon J<i 
 California. In 1870 he was tnga'^ed on the steamer .SV/c, as lielween Seattle and 
 Port lilakely, and from her went to the Reiiton Coal Company's Oltee. The 
 I'nget ^liU Company then olVertd him a position as assistant engineer o-i the 
 (lOliah, which he accepted, and, when that stejimer was laid iij). he worked on 
 the i'akiina, and also as chief on the Favoiile, returning to the Goliah as assistant 
 until March. 18S0, and then joining the new steamer Daisy. In June, iSHr, he 
 was again on the (ioiiah as chief engineer, ami was siibse(|iieiitly on the steamer (ieort^e A". .Stat) 
 
 ClIAKl.HS Sri HHV 
 
 III >Iareh. 18.S2, lie was ap| "lalcd 
 
 assistant engineer of the lightliouse tender .S'/;;(A;-/cX', and oil June is was iiiaile chief, filling this poMtiou until she was sold, 
 1886. He tlieii served on the bar tug Cohinihia as engineer for a few months, leaving her for the I'nited States steamer (ieni 
 G. Wriiiht. He was appointed chief engineer of the lighthonse tender Afanzani/a, September 7. 1S87. am', retained that pii- 
 Se])teinbcr, iSy2, when lie was deti'ched and or<lered to New York by the Lighthouse Hoard to take cjiaige of the eugiiie-n 
 the new ligluhouse tender Coinnihine. He caiiic round the Horn with her and still has charge of her engines. During i) 
 career Mr. I.ord has been very successful, and has always enjoyed the entire confidence of his employers, the I.ighthmisi 
 
 ,..iril 
 
 having complimented him very highly on his trip with the Cohtnibitie. 
 than a great many men who were in the business during his infancy. 
 
 While still young, Mr. I.ord has seen more years of - 'Vice 
 
Remarkable Trip of the "Shoshone," Willnmette and Columbia Transportation Enterprises 
 
 193 
 
 \^':[\' .1 
 
 I'incli .\ 
 purpose 
 all of W 
 
 Wrifjlii, the Piiget Soiiiul Steam Navigation Company was incorporated at Olympia in 1871, "for the 
 >f navigating the waters of I'uget Sound, Admiralty Inlet, Straits of Juan de Fuca, Pacific Ocean, and 
 .ishington." The original incorporation was for $500,000, in shares of $5(X) each, with the right to 
 
 increase to $2,000,000. The following officers were elected . J. X. 
 Goodwin, president; Marshall Blinn, vice-president; K. A. Starr, 
 secretary and treasurer; I,. M. Starr, Cyrus Walker, E. S. .Smith, 
 J. W. Spragae, J. H. Montgomery and O. F. Gerrish, directors. 
 
 The steamer Isabel, which wa:i of but little value as a passenger 
 boat after the arrival of the North Pacific, was operated by Captain 
 Clancey as a towboat in British Columbia waters. The last traces of 
 mail cor.tractor Nash's ill-starred steamboat ventures vanished from 
 the Sound early in the year when the steamer / 'ariiiia was .sent to the 
 Columbia River, Captain Hubbard taking her around. A very impor- 
 tant event in marine circles on Puget Sound was the establishment of 
 an inspection district, with headquarters at Seattle. Capt. William 
 Hammond " was the first Inspector of Hulls, and Isaac Parker was 
 appointed Inspector of Boilers. Hammond was succeeded by Capt. 
 Henry Morgan. ' The following is a list of tho.so receiving lie" .5es : 
 Masters, George F. Fry, George I.evany, E. A. Starr, Thomas A. 
 Wright; pilots, John Bell, T. M. Bronnell, A. J. Belmont, J. R. 
 Blythe, J. Bennett, John T. Connick, William Gove, J. R. Guindoii, 
 William Hayter, J. S. Hill, I). S. Hill. Herman Hansen, vSamucl 
 Jack.son, S. I). Libby, Hiram Olney, ,S. P. Randoljih, James Smith, 
 Henry Smith, J. A. SufTern, Charles Willoughby, Alfred Waitc, 
 Chris Williams ; engineers, J. C. Brittain, ' John Brit, George Coupe, 
 Matthew O'Connell, John Cunningham, Charles Clarke, John T. 
 Coleman, Miles C. Darcy, Thomas Doyle, .Manson I'"awkes, James 
 Ciriffiths, .\. J. Hill, Mo.ses Hart, Thomas Hoey, James Kirsch, Dennis I.awler, Thomas Osgood, Thomas 
 re.ircc, ' J. J. Robertson, William Steele. C. H. Steadman. John M. Terry, J. T. Williamson, J. R. Williamson. 
 This does not include all of the licensed men then running on the Sound, as luigineer \'an Tassell and several 
 other well known old-timers had secured licenses from the Portland di.slrict before the new oflice was established. 
 
 'Ciipt. William IIaiiiiiiuii<1 was horn in I'airliaveii, Mass., in iSj^^i, and, when a young man, learneil tlif trade of naval arehiteel 
 .md sliiphuilder, lollowinj; his prttfession at New Hedford, New York, and other .Atlantic ports, until 1S5S, wlien he went to Seattle. 
 lli> lir.^l work of importance on the Sound was the steamship John T. Wi'iKliI, 
 ttliicli In- i-onslrneled at Port I.udUnv. lie also Iniilt the pioneer steamer j. II. 
 /;7i/m. tlif /i-ph\f. F.'.iiiii^et . .\V///V. and ji large numher of other well known 
 I'liiit'l Soinid vessels. He superintended tlie eonslnu'lion of the steamer (ii't'ri^t' 
 l\.SI(iii. iinil. on reliriu); from the olliee of inspector, set afloat a numher of 
 (itiier steamers and schooners. lie died in ,Seattle, Jainiary 9, 1-S91 . 
 
 "Capt. IIenr\- Miirgan of Port Townsend was horn in Connecticut in 
 |S;5. M the age of twenty four he joineil a party of young men from the 
 iieijililntrhood of Hartford, who purchased the hark .St'hua and started for the 
 Ciililor'ii.i ^nld mines, .'trriving at ,San I'r.'iiU'isco in Sei)temher, 1S49. Soon 
 iflfrwuiii lie liecanie interested in .a line of steam and sail hoals on the .^aera 
 itimlo Kiver, lint left this husiness in 1S51 to make a voyage around the world 
 lU' ^^l)^e^|llentl\■ saileil oiU of Melhourne and other .\ustralian ports for a perit)d 
 'if fifteen months, relnruing to San I'Vancisco in 1X5-,, and engageil in the steve- 
 il'irin^ liiisiiicss with his two hrothers until 1S5S, when he c.'ime north with the 
 M'liooner Miilililti ll,)on loaded with merchandise. He retired from the water 
 iti 1S5() and farmed for ten \ears, serving a term as a representative in the 
 Tciriiorid Legislature during this time. When I'uget Sound was separated 
 Irimi llie Portland sleamhoat inspection district. Captain Morgan succeeded 
 t-'apt. William Ilanimoml as inspector and held tlie olliee for over five years, 
 liisilulies cxlending from the Columliia Kiver to .Alaska. On his retirement he 
 t*ii^a(/i'il in husiness at Port Townsend and has since resided there. In i88.| he 
 imrrlLised the lug /.«. 1 for the Treadwell Mining Company at Douglas Island. 
 iti'l traik her 10 .Alaska for the new owners. In additiou to his other iluties, he 
 ^fived ii.i a few years as pilot counnissioner for the ,Smind. 
 
 'Capt. J. C. Hrittain was horn in Pennsylvania, hut removed to Michigan 
 at all early age la giuning his marine career on the great lakes, where he after- 
 ward eniiim.inded a numher of sailing vessels. lie left the lakes about I.S71 on 
 acioiint nl ill health and went to Seattle, his first emplovment heing with J. k. 
 \Villiaiii~..ii Later he heeame owner of the steamers '/',;ise>' and /. li. I.ihhy, 
 »ilh «ln.li he carried the n dl to Whatcom and ,San Juan Islanil. He eon- 
 timii'd atliliiig vessels to his possessions until he owned or had an interest in 
 H'veii >u liners, at that time the largest fleet on the Sound. He huilt several of 
 Uie Iiest Kiiown freighters on tlie inland sea and was nnifornily successful in his 
 ventures His death occurred at Concord, Cal., June 1, 1.S91. 
 
 " flioinas I'earce, engineer, was hor.i in Kuglanit in i.S4ii. came to the Columhia River in 1S69, hut did not engage in 
 marine pii'Miits until two years later. lie ilien went on the tug I'llti ll'liilr of .Seattle as engineer, and two vearsafterwanl purchased 
 alhinl mncst in the steamer ( '/ii/ni/is. remaining with her a few years and then going to the steamers ycpliyr, it/fssmi;:'!; O/tci. 
 ■■iiini,- \:, ,1,1^ XitiiJi Paiific, /tlaho and (iivrffe E. Stun , serving on the latter vessel six years, during which time he diil not lose 
 a single d iv. Mr. Pearce has retired from the water and is living in Seattle at present. 
 
 1 ./I'l 
 
 CAl'T. William II.xm.mund 
 
 I I 
 
 i 1 
 
'All 
 
 
 « 
 
 194 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 CaI'T. a. B. riH.Sltl'RY 
 
 On tlie Columbia River the OreKou >Steam Navigation Company, which had been enjoying a nionopol\ on the 
 
 Astoria route for several years, were obliged to head off another opposition scheme which had resulted from the 
 
 arrival on the Astoria route of the Aitnic SIctvarl, a sternwheeler, built in San Francisco in 1864, for the 
 
 Sacramento route, by Samuel and De Witt Hulse, and a man named Sicv.art, in 
 
 honor of whose daughter the boat received her name. After making a fe'w trips 
 
 , on the Sacramento, she was laid up under a subsidy, and in 187 1 was disposed of 
 
 _^ to Capt. William TurnbuU, Captain Oilman, Klijah Corbett, and a few others 
 
 ^^^^^ She was brought to Portland by Capt. H. M. Gregory, and, after making a fe« 
 
 L^ —J, B trips, was again .subsidized and laid up for a year. vShe then ran for a short time 
 
 ^' on the Willamette, but was not adapted to that trade, and in 1873 was refitted and 
 
 sold to the Oregon Steam Navigation Company by Oilman and Corbett. The 
 
 following year she was operated as a towboat, and two years later was purchased 
 
 by Capt. L. M. Starr and taken to the Sound in June by Captain Win.sor. Starr 
 
 ran her in opposition to the steamer Oiler on the Port Town.send route in i8;;, 
 
 until he ended the competition liy purchasing the Oiler. When she started, 
 
 Clancey was master and David Kennedy" iii charge of the engine-room. The 
 
 steamer continued in Starr's line, and was turned over, with the rest of his outfit, 
 
 to the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company. In 1881. while being towed 
 
 into the Puyallup River, she was snagged, and, the tide running out, slie was so 
 
 badly wrenched that her owners dismantled her and removed tlie machinery. 
 
 The . Iiiiiii- SltTturl was one hundred and sixty feet long, twenty-six feet beam, and seven feet hold, with engines 
 
 eighteen by seventy-two inches. 
 
 The operating department of the extensive steamboat interests of the Oregon Steam Navigation 
 
 Company was intrusted to the care of Capt. Richard Hoyt in January, 1871, 
 
 the new official, through his long service as a practical steamboatman, being 
 
 well qualified for the responsible position of port captain. Of the fleet placed 
 
 in his charge in January, 1871, the following steamers were flying the Oregon 
 
 Steam Navigation flag : sidewheelers, Oiuoiila, 497 tons ; Idaho, 302 ; Josie 
 
 McXcar, 159; sternwheelers, Dixie 'Ihompson, 443.44; 7'enino, 329.46; Yakima, 
 
 453.96; Ozcylicc, 313.40: Okanot;aii, 278.07; Reseue, 126.14; Shoslione, 299.73; 
 
 Fannie Troup, 229.48; ll'enal, S7.79 ; and the barge Hasp. All of their boats 
 
 had been in service for a considerable length of time with the exception of the 
 
 Dixie '/'lionipso/i, which was launched at Portland, January 2d, and after comple- 
 tion started on the Astoria run in connnand of Capt. Richard Hoyt, with 
 
 William DierdorfT, engineer. Her first trip to Astoria was made in eight hours, 
 
 which, according to the Orej>oiiian, was the fastest time yet recorded on the route. 
 
 In 1872 H. A. Snow commanded the .steamer, and was succeeded the following 
 
 year by Captain Babbidge, who ran her through the summer months a round 
 
 trip a day. The /V.v/V continued in this trade as a passenger steamer until 
 
 18S1, and was subsequently operated on the Cascade route in opposition to the 
 
 Fleelii'ood, then connecting with the (io/d Pusl above the Cascades. The Oregon 
 
 Railway & Navigation steamer carried pas.seiigers for fifty cents each, and, when that competition ended, the 
 
 Pixie returned to the lower river as a freiglit boat, but in 18S5 again plied on the Cascade route, continuing there 
 
 in charge of Capt. John Wolf and A. H. PiUsbury '' until 1SS7, when Capt. Henry Kindred ran her as a towlioal 
 
 " Oaviil Kennedy, engineer, was Ijorn in SeotlHnd in 1S41, and served his apnrenticesliip in the .sliops of Yoiuik Itrolhcrs 
 wlio were succeeded by the Carniicliaels, after which lie joined the l)lockadcniiiner /.orii Clyde. Al the close of the Civil War he 
 relumed to ICiiHlainl and worked as secouil engineer on the steamer Carolhie, ciiiiiloyed in laying the .\tlantic cable in Vali luia B.iv 
 afterward going in the same vessel to the Ilaltic Sea, where she performed a similar task. He was then on a fruiter lor a few 
 months, leaving her for the Chilean steamshipAnv' . /. flfuieiio. from Dundee to \alparaiso. He arrived in ,San I'laiKi-ni in iSi)^ 
 as a passenger on the steain.ihip Coiisti/ii/ioii. and worked al the Hay City on various steamers until 1S71, when he went In .Sealtlo 
 and joined the . In/lie .Strwiie/ as chief engineer. He was subsequently engineer 0,1 the . l/idit and Xe/iliyr, and went from Oiv Souml 
 to Victoria, where he was appointed chief on the Isabel, remaiiiiug with lier for six years, and was afterward on Uu lliWii, 
 (>rafif>ler, A\'lianee, and many other iiioneer sleainers. He followol his calliin; for a considerable lengtli of time on Kamloops I.-ike, 
 anil, when the Columbia S: Kootenai Navigation Company built the lllicilli;eael, h- was appointed engineer, but left her ii: 1894 and 
 has since lived in Victoria, where he has recently built a wharf and otherwise improved his property. 
 
 ■'^Capt. A. 1), I'illsbury was born in Maine in 1S46, his father being a proiniuent sea captain sailing out of Atlantic lurts. 1" 
 1S62 young I'illsbury made his first sea voyage, going before the mast on a ship to Liverpool and return, and the following spriuR 
 went to Boston and shipped on Ihe Itrilish liark (/. .\izipanli, bound for Mauritius. .She was "held up" by the rclu 1 cruiser 
 .Mabiimn on the eciuator, and Captain Sims boarded the vessel to examine her papers. .\t Mauritius, IMllsbiiry shipped nr llie liark 
 Radian for Liverpool, and thence lo New York on the ohl packet Vielory, wliicli was the scene of a terrible riol iluriiig \. •.• vovat,'f 
 on account of the inhuman treatment of a stowaway, against which the passengers rebelleil. He left her on arrival, was r a shnrt 
 time in the Cuba and coasting trade, and then shipped in the brig (,V;«i,(M for Marf .illes, thence lo Cadiz. On the reU 11 trip 1" 
 Boston the brig was wrecked in the (lulf Stream, and the crew nearly perished from starvation before Ihey were finallv •■ -cueii 1" 
 the bark Sairameiilo anil taken to New York. I'rotn there I'illsbury sailed for Port Ro)al, reaching his destination at : ■ liiiicol 
 the assassination of Lincoln. He went to Savannah with the second ship which entered the harbor after the blockade s raised. 
 and on his return to .New York sailed on the bark Pauline for the St. Lawrence River, thence with deals lo Sl.-Nazaii France. 
 thence with sugar lo Greenock, thence to Cardiff, to Shanghai, to ,San Francisco and back to Hongkong, where he ship]' ! as mate 
 of the ship Simoda to Port Ludlow, subsequently reluming to Shanghai and entering the coasting trade, only to be again ist away. 
 
 C.M'l-. Jou.N J. Hoi i.aso 
 
Rrmarkable Trip nf the "Shoshone," Wilhmette anri Cohimhia Transportation Enterprises 
 
 195 
 
 nopolv on the 
 iulted from llie 
 I i86.|. for iht 
 led Stewart, in 
 ing a few trii^ 
 vas disposed of 
 
 a few others. 
 
 making a few 
 or a short time 
 ras refitted and 
 
 Corbett. The 
 was iJurchased 
 VVinsor. Stan 
 I route in 1877, 
 u she started, 
 iie-rooni. The 
 St of his outfit, 
 le being towed 
 out, she was so 
 ;lie machinery, 
 1, with engines 
 
 m Navigation 
 
 J. MOI LAM) 
 
 Oil ended, the 
 
 intiiiiiing tliere 
 
 as a towboal, 
 
 Yoiui.i; Drnlhers 
 
 llif Cnil War lie 
 
 in Vail iioia Hay. 
 
 fruilLM- lur ,1 few 
 
 'nini'i-iii in iSt>^ 
 
 wciU I'l Seattle 
 
 from till' Soiiiid 
 
 on tin- /.Vii.-ii, 
 
 Knnilo,)|)sI..".!;e. 
 
 'I luT ii: i894aii'l 
 
 jinlu- 
 lollop 
 llic re-i 
 jped 01 
 
 riiiK 1 
 was ■ 
 lie ret I 
 iiiillv • 
 )n at ' 
 
 kade 
 Nazal' 
 
 ship]' 
 again 
 
 crts. Ill 
 
 i.l; sprliiK 
 
 . i criiher 
 
 Ihe liark 
 
 .f vovaije 
 
 r a .'ilidfl 
 
 11 trii) t" 
 
 rueil In 
 
 ■ linit'Ol 
 
 s raiseil. 
 
 France, 
 
 as male 
 
 (■it away. 
 
 S1K.\MKH -'L-;MMA HA\\\AHI*" 
 
 Charles ."-iniitier, Edward Sullivan, and a number of other Oregon Railway & Navigation Company captains, 
 handled bir in the towing busine.ss until iHc)-^, when .she was sent to the boneyard to be dismantled. 
 
 I)ii;ing tlie many years in which the Ca.scade and upper Columbia fleets proved bonanzas to the 
 
 steamboatmen, the Astoria route was not 
 regarded as of much coiiseciuence ; but, 
 with the decline of profits on the upper 
 river routes, the lower Columbia region 
 began to develop and furnished a trade 
 well worth catering to. To accommodate 
 this business the steamer F.iiima Hay 
 -card, built by John J. Holland, '' was 
 launched at Portland, May ,^i, 1871, made 
 her trial trip September 28th, and at the 
 time of her appearance was the finest 
 boat on the lower river. Her machinery 
 was fitted up by Ivngineer David I'ardun,'" 
 who was first in charge. On comple- 
 tion she ran for a short time to the 
 Cascades, in place of the Oiironla. The 
 lla\:,aid was the favorite passenger boat on the Astoria route for ten years, alternating there with the steamer 
 Dixie Thompson in the first few years of her existence. When the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company 
 reentered the field on Piiget Sound, the /uniiia /fayicard was sent around from the Columbia in 1.S82, in 
 charge of Cajit, J. !•!. Denny and ICngineer I'ardun. She arrived at Seattle, October 24, 18S2, and during the 
 liooni days on I'uget Sound handled an immense traffic, making the round trip each day between vSeattle and 
 Olympin. connecting at Tacoma with the Northern Pacific trains. Upon the arrival of the Olympian, Lily of 
 Kingston, and other faster and finer boats, the //ayward became a back number, and in 1891 was towed around 
 to the Coluinbia River by the tug /■iscorf. Since her arrival .she has been performing excellent service as a 
 towboat. Her dimensions are as follows : length, one hundred and seventy-seven feet ; beam, twenty-nine feet ; 
 depth of hold, seven feet. She was rebuilt at Portland in 187S and extensively repaired in 1892. 
 
 Tlie X'anconver Steamboat Company placed tlie steamer / 'aiiroiiver on the Kalama route in February, 
 ]^-i. and the Oregon Steam Navigation Coin])any immediately started 
 1\k Rcsi/ir, Captain Hoyt, after her, also running the steamer fannie - « -^ 
 
 lie was fortunalfly rescued by a Chinese junk, and on reachinj; Honf^kong sailid 
 fiir PiijiCt vSdunil on tlie ship . Udska, arriviii|( in the winter of iS6S 69. and niaking 
 llic jouriii'y iiverland to the Columbia. In July, 1.S69, he entered the service of the 
 lireuon Steam Navigation Coinpaiiy on the deck ol' the OkiifiOi^ati, and in 1S71 he 
 \v;t.s proinotcil and ran as male with Captain Habbidge on the Futtfiit' 'I'toup. He 
 received his first command in 1^75, and from that time, until he retireil from the 
 water ill iSy,. was at dilTerent times in charge of nearly all of the steamers owned 
 tiy tile Oregon Steam Navigation Company and its successor, the Oregon Railway ^: 
 Xjvl(»aticiii Ciimpany. On the death of Cajit. John Wolf, Captain rillsbury was 
 i:lveii charge of the Cascailes l)oat, which was his last coniniitnd. 
 
 "Capl. John J. Holland was born in .St. Johns. New lirunswiek, in 1S43, 
 It'^riiiiig tile trade of shipbuilding at his native place. Wliile still a young man 
 lie came to tlie United States, settling at The Dalles, Or., where he entereil the 
 employ of Uie Oregon Railway ^: Navigation Conipany, and afterward removed to 
 I'onland, ODiuiuuing in the same service, 'le remained witli that company and its 
 Niiccessors fur over twenty years, during which time lie constructed the elegant 
 >leamers //'/(/(■ //V.v/, A'. A', '/yioiitf>soti, liintna //ity:rani, and a score of others, 
 iii.tiiy of which are still alloat. With the rapid growth of steaniboating on the 
 Sound, he removed to 'I'acoma, where he built the steamers .S7(//(' of Washini^foii, 
 Skiit^it C/in / and luiiyliijvt'H, aflerwanl going to Hall.'ird, where he constructed the 
 AmiT r/i;/:,//, the finest and fastest slernwliecl steamer on the Sound, the MoiiU- 
 Ciiili', /•'lull, is /Iniiy, and a number of other boats. While in I'ortlaiKl he was a 
 iiiemlierof ilie City Cnnucil from the h'irsl Ward in i,S,S6, and was also electeil to the 
 <n\ Coiuuil of llallard in rSyo and 1.S91. His last work at shipbuilding w.is the 
 -teamcr /' /.', U'niir for the Ncirtli .\nierica Tr.tding & Transportation Company. 
 Tills vessel was ^.ent in sections to St. Michaels, .Alaska, where Captain Holland 
 l>laced it ill niiiniiig order. While engaged in this work he contracted a cold 
 and fever, liipiii which he never fully recovered. He returned from Al.aska in 
 ilctolier, iS[,j, and lingered until January 28, i.S9^, when he died. 
 
 '"Ii.ivi.l I'ardun was born in New Jersey in i.S^o, and came to the I'acific Coast nearly forty years .ago, entering the service of 
 'liedreg.iii Meam Navigaticni Company, with whom he reniaineil .as long as that corporation was in existence, and continued with 
 Ibsucccssoi, until his death in iSgo, While in its employ he placeil the machinery in the /\)Hiii<i l/ayu.ui), and remained in charge 
 ol tli.at 1)0 11 f.ir nearly fifteen years, going to the Sound with her when she was sent around from the Columbia, and running there 
 imil the lu ' steamer Shi/e ol' H\isliini;lo>i was completed, on which he was olTered a better position. He came to an untimely end 
 in iSijo, \\ iiile on a trip from Tacoma to Seattle he fell overboard and was drowneil, no one witnessing the unfortunate accident, 
 ■mdlie »,!> lot missed until the boat neared Seattle. Search was immeiliately instituted, but it was several weeks hefore his body 
 was lecove;. 1, The supposition is that he lost his balance while standing in the doorway opening out from the engine-room, that 
 ''eiiiRthe I'l.e where he was last seen alive. Mr. I'ardun was one of the most popular engineers in the Northwest, and never 
 liad a serin iiiisha]) on any boat w ilh which he was connected. During his career on the upper and middle rivers he w.as engaged 
 Ininany 111 Ic Ills trips, the most notable being tile famous run of the Harvest (JiiiVH through Tumwater Rapids, in which the steamer 
 lost all of 1 rudders in the first plunge. 
 
 'y' '1; 
 
 1; ^l;l| 
 
 I)AVI1> i'AHDl'N 
 
 ■'^ : 1;:' 
 
 ^ 
 
 H 
 
 
 if 
 
 '■- -'^i 
 
 
 i;:?( 
 *■ 
 
r I 
 
 
 s:a 
 
 m-: 
 
 t 
 
 tti 
 
 196 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Troup to the Cowlitz River and carrying Kalania passengers for twenty-five cents each. Tlu' Ommu 
 on the Cascade route still further demoralized the opposition steamer's business by carrying pas^^•llge^s i,, 
 Vancouver free, and freight for one dollar per ton. The warfare was quite vigorous while it lasted. Inn tiulti; 
 in a short time by the Vamonvfr withdrawing from the lower river and taking the N'ancouver route, on wliicli s\x 
 was given all the business. The Oregon Steam Navigation Company also ran the steamer Wmal, Capt 
 W. H. Smith, in the Cowlitz trade. The most important marine event on the Willamette and Coluniliia river> in 
 1871 was the transfer of the People's Transportation Company's steamboat interests to Hen lloUadav 
 The People's Transportation Company had enjoved what was practically a monopoly of WillanaUe River 
 transportation for ten years, and during that period had subsidized, purchased, or otherwi.se s<|iKlcheil, all 
 competition. The approaching completion of the locks at Oregon City was almost certain to be the sijjrial for 
 another expensive steamboat war, and the directors of the company gracefully withdrew while the moiionoly wa> 
 still nourishing. HoUaday's company was incorporated in September, with the following officers : lien Ili)lliuiay 
 president ; Hen Holladay, Jr., vice-president ; John D. Hiles, secretary and treasurer ; and Georjjc Pea.se 
 superintendent. The fleet transferred to them included the following steamers: Dayton, 2o,vo4 tuns: l-\vm 
 Pallon, 36951 ; Senalor, 297.99; Reliance, 316.27; Active, 259.74; Alert, 340.83; Slioo Fly, 319. 9S ; Siim>- 
 Albany and Alice. Of this fleet the /layloii, Albany and Success were running regularly above the falls, ainiie'ctiiit; 
 with the .V('«i(/o;- and .//<■// between Portland and Oregon City. The Willamette River business at thai limewa* 
 of considerable magnitude, the three steamers mentioned bringing down to Oregon City in the month orjaniian 
 
 1871, five thousand tons of freight. The .llice, which was the la-t 
 steamer built by the People's Transportation Company, ran on the iipixr 
 river until 1S74, when she burned in the basin at Oregon City, and, on 
 lieing repaired, was run on the lower Willamette and Colnniliia as a 
 private steamer for Ben Holladay. Capt. Miles Bell was master of the 
 boat for several years after she was constructed, and, when slie pa.sse(l 
 into the hands of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, Henry 
 Hmken ran her for four years and was succeeded by W. 11. Smitli 
 Archie Pea.se, H. P. Kindred, Charles Haskell, W. H. Patterson, ami 
 others. The last ten years of her existence were passed in tliu towini; 
 service between Portland and Astoria and in jobbing about the harbor 
 at Portland. Under the Holladay management there were but few 
 additions to the Willamette fleet, the only steamer of any importance 
 completed by the successors of the People's Transportation Company 
 being the A". A^. Cooi-, which was built at Oregon City in 1.S71 by the 
 Willamette Transportation Company. She was a sternwlnelur, one 
 hundred and fifty feet long, twenty-five feet beam, six feet hold, with 
 engines sixteen by sixty inches. Capt. J. I). Miller had command of her 
 for a long time, and, when she passed into the hands of the Willamette 
 Transportation and Locks Company, Capt. H. A. Ivmkeii was put in 
 charge. In 1877 the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company used lier 
 in the towing business, and, from that time until i,S89, she was rnii 
 exclusively as a towboat and in jobbing on the river, ICmkcii ran lur 
 until 1884, and was .succeeded by Charles vSpinner, Archie Pease, \V. H. 
 Pope and W. H. Patterson, the latter having command when she sank at Clackamas Rapids in 1890. 
 
 With steamships, steamboats and railroads galore. Hen Holladay was at the zenith of his power in 1S71, and. 
 in seeking a name for a new towbcat, Capt. W. J. Buchanan appropriately honored the magnate by chrislcninj; 
 the craft Ben Holladay. She was launched in September by T. J. Bulger, who had built her for Buchanan Bros 
 former owners of the Wasp, which was operated by Capt. W. O. Goodman." The Holladay was less than a 
 hundred feet long, with fifteen feet beam, and seven feet hold, fitted with twin propellers. In command of Capt 
 William Buchanan and son, with Isaac Buchanan, engineer, and Frank Buchanan, mate, the steamer was used in 
 towing ships between Portland and lower river points, succeeding very well considering her size. The Huclianans 
 
 " Capt. W. O. Goodman was l)orM iu England in 1849, reaching the United States in IS6^ on tlie sliip Sitiiii. \\y rcuiainci 
 willi her until 1870, and was second mate 011 the vessel when she took the first cargo of hiinljer from Stamp's .Mill, Bri.ijh 
 Columbia, tlic charter rale from the mill to Australia l)eing five pounds five shillings per thousand. Captain Gooilmaii K u die.SMW 
 at Hoslon in i!-'.7o and cnme overland to ,San Francisco, where he entered the coasting trade on the hark .l/iiiii/iu. Uv !• !i the liarl 
 at Tortlaud, and was employed by a company erecting a sawmill on the Klatskanie River. After the mill was completed In was siyf" 
 command of the lug Wasp, used iu towing logs, and continued steamboatiiig on the Columbia until 1^7^, when he sbipii-d as lirjt 
 ma'e of the A'oswell .Sfiragiie, bound for (Jueenstown ; but on the voyage the ship encountered a hurricane and wa^ ..'>li)!eil to 
 put into Valparaiso, where both vessel and cargo were condemned and sold. Capt. John O'Hrien, of whaleback fame, w.i- "iie of the 
 .S/tragiie'.'i crew on this trip and returned to San Francisco with Gooilman, who then went into the coasting trade, scrM"K "" ''" 
 schooners Mehmclhon, Oregonian, Amelia, Hero, and other well known vessels. In 1878 he was mate on the bark i\hu -i .Miuk'n 
 between Portland and Honolulu, and since then has been almost continuously in the Island trade out of San I'ram i' 0, liavm;.' 
 command ,it different times of the following vessels : brigs I'omare and Hazard, hAxksJane A. Falkenberg and Coliimhi.i ..chooners 
 .Malolo, Julia and Robert I. ewers, still having charge of the latter vessel. 
 
 " Capt. William J. Buchanan was born near Cleveland, Ohio, in 18^5, and on coming to the Pacific Coast in 1869 niinenced 
 steamboatiug on the Willamette and Columbia Rivers on the lVas/>. His brother, Isaac Buchanan, the well known en . iieer, »ao 
 
 Capt. Wii.liau H. CLouoil 
 
Remarkable Trip of the "Shoshone," Willamette and Columbia Transportation Enterprises 
 
 '97 
 
 ran her uumI iHjb. when they sold her to J. VV. Cook & Co., who operated her for a year aiul then leased her 
 10 Kred 1 "iigdon. Under Congdon's charge she ran until i88i, when she passed into the hands of Hani, 
 Nickiim >v Co., in whose service .she ended her days. Several of the Mosquito fleet met with financial 
 ,lilliciilties in 1871 and changed owuer.ship. The Afary Hell was sold by the United States marshal to Capt. 
 K. N. Smith for $1,100, and in November appeared on the Cowlitz route. The Wasp took the same course 
 in March and passed into the hands of Walter Moffitt for #900. The flfiiim-lmha was also dispo.sed of by the 
 ^lleriff alx'iil the same time to Barney Train of Kast Portland, at.d in August the United States marshal 
 transferred the propeller W'eb/oot No. 2 to John H. Haley for $575. The Willamette Freighting Company started 
 the steamer ( alliope on the Yamhill River in opposition to the People's Transportation Company early in the year. 
 Imt soon withdrew. The Carrie, Captain Kingsley, was in the Oregon City trade for a few weeks, and (he pioneer 
 steamer /;<',!,'/'■ was purcha.sed by Capt. John West, who intended to remove the machinery and place it in a new 
 'loat. Capt. J. H. D. Gray and George Warren operated the steamer Variiua between Ilwaco and Astoria. 
 The Cohimtiia Tran.sportation Company was 
 incorporated at St. Helens, October 17, 1871, 
 with a capital of $75,000, divided into $50 
 shares. S. Bennett, Jo-seph Copeland and 
 \. McClellan were the incorporators, and 
 their articles announced that they intended 
 tu build, liiiy and operate steamboats, rail- 
 roads, etc. The steam ferry Katie /.add was 
 cunstnicte-d at Westport in 1871 for Joseph 
 Knott, Capt. Sam Dougla.ss taking charge of 
 her on completion. She was equipped with 
 light l)y eij;hteen inch engines, and, as first 
 rigged, was operated bj a large drum and 
 cable. This proving impracticable, she was 
 altered to a sidewheeler and ran between 
 Portland and l{ast Portland for many years, 
 tinally passing into the hands of Captain 
 Callahan, who changed her into a sternwheel scow called the Marirey. The steamer Xez /'rrn- Cliiif, which was 
 brought down from the upper river in 1870, was piloted over the Cascades, June 6th, by Captain Ainswortli. 
 
 Ill November, 187 1, Rogue River received a visit from the steamship Coquille. the first ocean steamer to 
 enter the river. She carried as cargo the machinery for two steam .sawmills, which in later years furnished 
 her with many lumber cargoes. The steamer .Vary, the first to run on the Coquille, was built on that stream 
 in 1S71 by William E. Rackliff, one of the pioneers of the Uinpqua. She was a diminutive craft, with an 
 eight by eight inch engine, and ran between the mouth of the river and the forks of the Coipiille. The RacklitTs 
 n]Krated the steamer for about a year and then removed the machinery and .sold the hull. The steamer . /'X'l', 
 which was launched at San Francisco in 1869, was taken to Coos Bay in i,S7i by Capt. William H. Cloiigh.'' 
 .■^he was a small propeller and ran on the Bay and its tributaries for .several years. Clough .sold her in 1.S72, 
 and Henry Wade took command. The steamer /;//•, which had been on the Umpipia, was taken to Vaciuiiia 
 in January and went into .service on the Bay. The steamship traffic on the northern routes was performed 
 by the P,ui/ii\ Orillamme, Jolm I., Stepiietis, Idalio, California, .Ijax, .Uolio)ii;o. Ncubern and Coiislantine. The 
 latter steamer was owned by Hutchinson, Kohl & Co., and, in command of Capt. Charles Thorn, coinmeiiced 
 running to Portland in May, in opposition to the Holladay line. The competition was (|uite warm for a short 
 
 
 STKAMSmr '■ KeKKKA," FOK.MKKI.Y il.l 
 
 w.is .issociuled witli him in tlii.s business, was born ill Cleveland, Ohio, in 1S27. I''rotii tile IVusfi they went to the steamer 
 Ihii Hd/hiifiiy ami were amon^ the first on the river to make a specialty of towing ships between Portland and .Astoria. Mndinj,' 
 tlie Hfii lloHmlay too small for the service, they coiistrncted the Ucklahama. the best towboal in tlie Northwest, but disposed of her 
 tolheOreKon Sieam Navigation Company before she was completed and soon afterward launched the Cily 0/ ljni)in\ whicli 
 iliey operiiteil mitil she was sold to go to tlie Sound. They next nurchased the steamer Tnttv/if on the Cascade route, l)ut, (inding 
 lur too slow, Imilt the steamer /one for the same trade. Capt. William S. nuchaimn. .son of William J., was l)orn in Ouiney, 111 , in 
 !^54. ami lias l)een interested with his father and uncle in all of their steamboat ventures, having served as master of ster.ni vessels 
 for over twenty years. He was principal owner of the /one, and after disposing of her retired from the river and engaged in business 
 in Kast I'driland. I'rank J. Kuchanau, who acted as purser and mate on the steamers operated by the family, was born in 
 Cialesburg, 111., in 1857, and commenced steamboating on the /len /folluitay in 1.S73. In addition to his work on the numerous boats 
 managed by ilie liuclianaiis, he served as purser on several other Willam-tte River steamers, and had command of a number of small 
 steamers nmuing out of Portland. He died suddenly at Washougal in iiiarch, 1891, while engaged as mate on the steamer /one. 
 
 "C.ipt. William H. Clough was first assistant engineer 011 the steamer Oregonian in 1S54, and shortly afterward held the 
 same position on the old I'aeijic, on which he was engaged for a period of twenty-six inoiiths. From the /'ari/if he went to the 
 "lints, where he remained until 1869, when he returned to San Francisco and found employment in a machine shop at Oakland. He 
 lell there in 1S70 and took charge of a sawmill at Coos Ilay, and thirteen months later again embarked, this time as chief of the tug 
 .vii/7i'(t. After five years on the tug he was transferreil to the new steamer ./rai,'!), remaining on her for three years. The tug 
 / Jul)/ was dough's next service, and he handled the throttle on her for four years. I'roiii the Aivo;/ he went to the I'nited .States 
 -leaiiier II.! !•;,)■ for six innnths, then about the same length of time on the suagboat Coivallis and from there to the Gnieiol Citnhy 
 lor live yt;ir~ When the (>(■«<•»•«/ i?///<'i was built he assisted in setting up tlie machinery and on completion ran her for thirteen 
 inonilis. 11, was a member of the Shoalwater Bay Transportation Company, which fi{ted out the Governor Ne;cel/ and sent 
 "irioGrax ; Harbor, losing considerable money in the venture. He subsequently chartered the f lUc/zV/i/ and operateil her for a 
 vearproiiiaMy. He went to Seattle in 18S9 anil formed a company in 1890 whicli built the steamer /,<i/ii«f» and ran her on Kake 
 Inion for to years, Clough serving as master. In 1892 she was taken to I^.ake W.ashington, where she is still in active service. 
 
 K!: 
 
 ■i I 
 
 y,. r. 
 
 J 
 
' 
 
 ml 
 
 ti 
 
 B' 
 
 § 
 
 198 
 
 Lewis <f Dryden a Marine History of the Pacific Nortfjwest 
 
 time, but was soon ended by Holladay buying off the CoHslantiiir. The propeller California, Captiun Hayts 
 and the Cuorgc S. Wright, were sailing between Portland, I'uget Sound and Alaska. The Gussie Itliair aU 
 made a few trips while the California was undergoing repairs. The mail contract between Victoria and San 
 Franci.sco was in the hands of Rcsenfcld & Hermiughani, who received a subsidy of $,s,oo<) per nionlli for Uvn 
 round trips, and performed the service with the steamship I'rincf Alprd, which was so small and slow tint 
 it frequently required .seven or eight days to make the voyage. She was a British vessel, built in 18(15 I'nr 
 the Australian trade. The company owning her failed, and the steamer was registered under the New ( Iriiiadan 
 flag and ran for a short time on the Panama route, going to San Francisco in 1870, where she was purchased 
 by Rosenfeld & Hermingham for $12,800. She was two hundred and twenty-five feet long, thirty-one feti 
 beam, and had but twenty staterooms. Karly in 1872 she was ((uarantined at Victoria for nearly two months 
 
 but after getting clear continued in the mail .service until June, 18-4 
 I when she was wrecked (see wreck of Primr Alj'itd, 1874). C.iptam 
 
 ; Sholl was master of the steamer nearly all the time she w.ns on tht 
 
 ' northern route, and I). A. McDermott" was engineer. The Uniteil 
 
 ! ' States steamer Saranac, Rear Admiral John A. Winslow, was at 
 
 Portland, Port Townsend and Victoria in 1871. A fine Orej^on Imili 
 schooner was launched at Vaciuina in 187 1. .She was a thrte-mastcd 
 vessel, one hundred and six feet long, thirty-one feet beam, and eijjln 
 feet depth, and was christened Jihwrali. Her owners were the New- 
 port Transportation Company, who operated her in the coa.stinj; 
 trade. She is still afloat and at present is owned by J. A. Hooper 
 of San Francisco. The barks Edward Janus. Captain Patterson, 
 Goodell, Captain Crocker, and Garibaldi, Captain Xoycs,'' wen.- 
 sailing betv/een the Columbia River and Oriental ports, the forniei 
 vessel also making a trip from Honolulu to Seattle. "''■; bark 
 Camden, Captain Robinson, arrived at Port Townsend in S^pterahir 
 with a partial cargo of sugar from the Havvaiian Islands. Railrcid 
 building in the Northwest, which attracted a considerable number 
 of sailing ves.sels in 1870, continued in 1871, and among the fleet 
 arriving at Portland with iron were the ship Madauaska, .American 
 ship Panama, American bark .\'iohi', which di.scharged at Kalama. 
 Wa.sh., for the Northern Pacific Railroad, and the British harks 
 Skiddaw, .lliir Graliam, Sftarkling Pnc, Ifarrington and ( 'oli/.i/mvii. 
 British ships Poirnby, liristolian, and the American bark AUiiti /itssi. 
 with iron for the Oregon & California Railroad. The wheat fleet of i,S7i included the barks Tina.\. Propsih. 
 Ginger, Envoy, and the ships Montgomery Castle and Prince 0/ Wales, loaded by Allen & Lewis, and the bark 
 Kosedalc, loaded by Henry Hewett. The coasting fleet between San Francisco and Puget Soimd was credited 
 with some very fast passages in 1871, the old barkentine Constitution making two successive round trips lietweeii 
 Port Gamble and San Francisco in twenty-one and twenty-three days respectively. The brig Menlianliiinii also 
 accomplished the round trip from Port Madison in twenty-one days. Capt. Paul Corno, who had made- and lust 
 a fortune in the Columbia River trade, appeared this year with the little schooner Milo Bond, which he ran 
 between Tillamook and Portland, carrying pas.sengers and freight. 
 
 The schooner Nanainio was wrecked on Cypress Island in 1871, but was afterward floated and taken 
 to Port Townsend, where she was sold to the United States marshal for sixty-five dollars. A laxity of laws 
 governing steam navigation in British Columbia waters was brought to public notice in August, 1871, when the 
 pioneer Emily Harris, the fourth steamer built in the colony, exploded her boiler, killing the veteran Captain 
 Frain, and leaving a mystery regarding the occurrence which has never been solved. The steamer left Nanainio 
 for Victoria, August 14th, with .sixty tons of coal. An Indian called Joe, who acted as engineer while Captain 
 Frain was steering, escaped unhurt, as did two or three other Indians on board at the time, and their accounts of 
 the manner in which the accident occurred were very unsatisfactory. Captain Frain, a pa.s.senger, and the Chinese 
 cook, were missing, and none of the bodies were ever found, a fact which at that time cau.sed consideraMe talk 01 
 
 I>. A. McDkrmott 
 
 "D. A. McDermott, engineer, born in Ireland in 1S46, came to tlie Pacific Coast on the steamship A'ew/iern, wii! 
 went to Sitka, leaving her there and workinK ashore for the Ciovernment for two years. On retnniinj; to San I'rancisc 
 tile steamer Piinee filbert for a season and next ran to China for the Pacific Mail for four years, from there K°<nK '" ili' 
 on the Panama route. He was next on the California running to San Diego and afterwanl on the A/mitana to the Cohn 
 Later lie spent three years as chief engineer on the ferries, leaving there to go on the steamship yicloria in the northern 
 year. He was afterward chief of the Sanln Cms for a similar period, and from that time until 1.S91 ran as chief on 
 Lagiina, and one or two other .steam schooners. In 1891 he went north on the whaler Thraslier, remaining with ' 
 seasons, and on his return joined the Alaska Packing .Association, for whom he has recently fitted up the sternwheeler.S'. M 
 which will be shipped north in sections, and Mr. McDermott will put her in running order when she reaches her destiniit 
 
 ''Capt. Cyrus M. Noyes was born in Searsport, Me., in 1842, and has l>een connected witli the marine linsiiiess siui 
 He first came to the Northwest in 1870 011 the bark liarihaldi running to China. In 1876 he took command of the bark 
 in the same trade, leaving her a few years later for the bark Coloma, which he still commands. Captain Noyes has 
 continuous years of service in the Portland and China trade than any man in the Northwest. 
 
 wlncli lie 
 he joinc'l 
 ,IAi///.i»J 
 nlo River 
 rade for a 
 :lie Cdii. 
 tr for t«o 
 Mallt,':,'. 
 'II. 
 
 lioyhooJ. 
 Jill AViii' 
 .tilt more 
 
 Ibul lda> 
 was wre. - 
 during '■• 
 and the ' 
 injuring 
 a few pn • 
 Imtthe M 
 
 IJ 
 
Remarkable Trip of the "Shoshone," Willamette and Columbia Transportation Enterprises 
 
 199 
 
 Capt:\iii Hayes, 
 s.<ir 'l':llair also 
 ictoria and San 
 
 niontli for iwu 
 I and slow that 
 iiilt ill 1865 for 
 
 New ( Irenadai) 
 
 was purchased 
 
 thirty-one feel 
 rly two niontlis, 
 mil June, i8;4. 
 1874). Captain 
 
 she was on the 
 r. The fniteil 
 'insKiw, was at 
 lie Oregon Ijiiilt 
 < a three-mastfil 
 beam, and ei^lit 
 
 were the Nen- 
 in the coasting 
 )y J. A. Hooper 
 itaiii Patterson, 
 Noyes," were 
 orts, tlie former 
 tie. "''-5 bark 
 nl ill .S,.|)teniher 
 ands. Railroad 
 ilerablc number 
 lilioiiK the fleet 
 ■nska, American 
 ;ed at Kalaiiia, 
 ■ British barks 
 llid ( 'oldslreaiii. 
 irk Alih-ii IStssf. 
 'fiiiix, Propsila. 
 
 , and the bark 
 id was credited 
 d trips between 
 
 -I ha III man also 
 made and lost 
 
 which he ran 
 
 ated aiul taken 
 laxity of laws 
 1S71, when the 
 ■eteraii Captain 
 ;r left Xanainm 
 while Captain 
 leir acrinints uf 
 ind the Chiiiest 
 ideralile talk of 
 
 wii : 
 
 ■ancisi- 
 K to 111 
 e Coldi 
 rltiern 
 ief on 
 ; witli ■ 
 r.V. .1/ 
 ;5tiiiMt 
 ss siiii 
 liarlc . 
 !.s lias 
 
 I wliicli lie 
 . liejoiiiC'l 
 MonkM 
 i-lo River, 
 irade for.i 
 ■lie Ctlk. 
 rr for two 
 Malluu^. 
 II. 
 
 hoyliooJ. 
 Jen h'i'iSi 
 iiMitniore 
 
 CaI'I. Aj.i.kn No\ ks 
 
 foul plti^ The American bark Hatlic lifsse, from .San Frniici.sco for Biirrard'.s Inlet to load lutiiber for Shangliai, 
 was wrei ..1(1 N'ovemlier 20th about twenty miles south of Tatoosh light. The vessel came in too close to the land 
 during '• heavy fog, and as soon as the danger was • .ili/.ed the anchors were let go, but the chain parted 
 and the vessel drifted ashore, striking heavily on a rock and parting amidships almost imiiiedintely, .severely 
 injuring two men. The heavy .sea running prevented the crew from saving anything from the wreck except 
 a few priivisions. The revenue cutter A/«r()/« was dispatched from Port Town.send to the scene of the di.saster, 
 but the sinvivors were picked up and taken to Portland by the steamer Cnli/oniia. The bark was valued at about 
 
 ibrty thousand dollars and was insured for fifteen thousand. At the time of the 
 accident she was in command of Capt. James H. Gragg. The steamer IJ. S. (iruiil, 
 Capt. J. H. I). Gray, while lying at the wharf at Fort Caiiby, December ig, 1.S71, 
 was blown adrift, and before steam could be rai.sed, or an anchor made to hold, she 
 struck the beach and was soon knocked to pieces by the heavy sea. Captain Gray 
 and his brother, A. W. Gray,"' escaped in a small boat, but the tremendous sea pre- 
 vented their landing until they were nearly frozen. The steamer jiroved a total 
 loss, her name-board serving as a nucleus for a large collection of similar relics now 
 on exhibition at the Fort Caiiby Life Saving Station. The brig liyzanlium, Captain 
 Roys, while on a whaling cruise in the north, was wrecked mi a sunken reef, October 
 19th, slipping off the reef the following day and sinking in sixty fathoms of water. 
 The crew escaped, but the vessel and the cargo of three hundred barrels of oil were 
 a total lo.ss. The li\::aiilium was a well known vessel in the Northwest, and first 
 came to X'ictoria in 1867. She was afterward libeled and sold to Captain Calhoun 
 at Port Townsend, who ran her as a packet between Honolulu and I'uget Sound, 
 until the year preceding the wreck, when he fitted her up as a whaler. 
 One of the prominent marine men who passed away in 1871 was Capt. William Dierdorfl", I'liited States 
 Inspector of Hulls, who.se death occurred in Portland, July 24tli. Captain Dierdorff was born in Pennsylvania, 
 July 4, 1S15. He was married to a sister of Capt. J. C. Ainsworth, and coining we.st in 1.SS4 was one of the 
 raercantile firm of .\insworth & Dierdorff at Oregon City. He 
 W.1S afterward chief of the commi.ssary department of the Oregon 
 Steam Navigation Company, and on the death of Captain Couch was 
 appointed Inspector of Hulls. Capt. Charles \V. Pope, for a number 
 of years engaged on the steamer Upper \\'illamflli\ was drowned in 
 the Clackamas River in June. S. T. Church, one of the founders of 
 the People's Transportation Company, died at Santa Clara, Cal., 
 M.irch 2.Sth. Capt. William Mouatt, the pioneer Hud.son's Hay 
 master, died in a canoe at Fort Rupert, in route from Knight's Inlet, 
 .\pril litli. 
 
 .\ number of additions were made to the minor steam fleet on 
 I'uget Sound in 1872, none of the vessels being of very much impor- 
 tance. The tug Ulakely was built at Port Hlakely by the mill 
 company, in whose service she continued for many years. Her 
 iiiacliinery had been taken from the propeller Columbia, which had 
 been brought up from San FVancisco by Captain Gove and used in 
 towing for a short time. Capt. Sam Jackson was her first master and 
 was followed by Captains Dave Hill, .Selby, Frank Smith, J. I.ibby, 
 Harry Struve and others. After running for several years as a tow- 
 boat, her machinery was removed and the hull was rigged as a sailing 
 vessel. The Cohiinbia was an old brig razeed. She was built in 
 .Maine in i.S4y, coming to the Pacific Coast that year. After her 
 raachiiary had been removed, Renton, .Smith & Co., the owners, 
 rigged her as a schooner, and she was again employed in the coa.sting 
 trade. Captain Lennan had command of her for a short time, and H. W. liaughman was al.so one of her 
 masters. Capt. John T. Connick built the small propeller Ceori^ia at Seabeck in 1872, and ran her as a passenger 
 and towing steamer between Seabeck and Port Gamble. She was afterward sold in British Columbia, and was 
 used as tender for a dredge in Victoria harbor, ending her days under the British flag. The I.ivrly, built at 
 Mare Isl iiid Navy Yard in 187 1 as a launch for the U. S. steamer Pensacola, was purchased in 1 872 for the jobbing 
 
 CaIT. .\. W. ('.HAS 
 
 runmiij; ■ 
 river su- . 
 looli lici 
 Wehom, . 
 FrcJeti, ■: 
 llieui uiu 
 wlio lia\ 1- 
 
 ipl. .\. \V. ('ir.iy was liorn at Clatsop Heach ill 1850, and commenced liis marine life on tlie sttanier (.'ivi'X'i' .*>'. I^'n\'/il 
 istwise. Ill 1S66 lie was on tlie steanisliip Orei;oniitn, uml on liis return from the Kast that year lie began running on 
 
 iiiers. He was ou the ('. S. liniiii at the time of her wreck in 1S71, and was afterward on the steamer I'aiiiiia, which 
 place on llie ilwaco route, and on the tug Sei/d/iti. He was then engaged on the steamers ,t/i/;r /u'//, t'liiit'Oitirr, 
 
 ■ hiiikslep and Cleirhliid on tlie lower river, and along in the eighties went to the upper river, where he liad charge of the 
 Hillings for a long time, and, when the new .steamers Cily oj Ellcnihurg and T. I.. Nixon were huilt, he commanded 
 iiliout two years ago, leaving to talce the steamer Afasiol on the Lewis River route. He is one of a ((uarlette of brothers 
 jL-eii very successful as steamboatmen. 
 
 m^- 
 
 'I'M ■ 
 
 ill I ' 
 
 ( 
 I 
 
 .1 
 
 tl 
 
ano 
 
 Lewis <f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 ami towing trade arotitul Seattle. In 1874 she was operated for several nioiiths as a ferry between New a\u\ Olil 
 Taconia, in charge of Capt. George 1). Messegee and Kngineer II. I.yneli. The steamer A'l'sr. launched ,ii Silltn 
 ill i,Sfi2, and .subsequently operated as a sailing ve.ssel, appeared again as a steamer in iH;^, having l)een liiud u]! 
 by the sons of Allen I'rancis, American consul at Victoria, and Ivdvvin H. Francis'' ran her as a trader l)el\vii.ii tin- 
 Sound, Victoria and Alaska. The steamer Siiufss, built by Captain Coupe, was rutniing between .SeattU- ami 
 Port Ulakely. She afterward passed into the hands of John Hell and from him to Ca|)tain Nu^jciii,' wliu 
 
 continued her on the Hlakely route for a number of years, snlisc 
 quently .selling her to parties at .Seattle, who in turn disposed of liet 
 to Newell Urothers of Drcas Island. Capt. Joseph Spralt of \'ictori;i 
 completed a fine sidewheeler at San Juan Island in 1872. ,Slie was 
 christened Maiidi', and was supplied with machinery from the old 
 steam barge Transport, which had been built on I'uget Sound for tlw 
 Central Pacific Railroad Company, and wrecked on Vancouver Island 
 several years before while en ronli- to San Francisco. The A/aii,/i w,ns 
 one hundred and sixteen leet long, twenty-one feet beam, and iiiiu' 
 feet hold. She made her trial trip May 4th in command of Ca|ilain 
 Holmes, who remained in charge of her until 1877. when Haiiicl 
 Morri.son became master and was succeeded in 1879 and i.s.So by 
 Captains Rudlin and Ramsey. In 1884 she was converted into .i 
 barge and a year later again rectiv >I n)achinery, this time ri),'Ked out 
 as a propeller, making her trial trip September 18th. When Captain 
 Spratt dispcsed of his steamboat interests to the Canadian I'acilic 
 Navigation Company, the new owners ran the steamer on the west 
 coast route and have continued her in that trade to the present linif. 
 Captains William Meyer, Jones, Berry, Hrown and Leaks successively 
 commanding until 18./ 1, when she was put in charge of Captain 
 Roberts. 
 
 The steamer Emma was sold this year by Captain Spratt to 
 T. J. Burns for $4,500, and Captains Rudlin, Ramsey, Holmes ami 
 Lucky commanded her during the year. British Columbia steamers 
 changed masters frequently, and in 1872 the /;";//«/;7jy' was credited with the following 
 captains : Swanson, McKinnon, McNeil and Rudlin ; the Grappler, Mcintosh, Devereaux 
 and Rudlin ; the /sabel, Morrison, Pamphlet, Ramsey and Lanborne ; the Otter, Swanson 
 and Lewis. The old Beaver was in charge of one of her early masters, Captain Mitchell, 
 and Captain Devereaux handled the steamer Cariboo and I'ly. The steamer dolia/i, Capt. 
 S. D. Libby, Mate J. A. McCoy,'" .served for a short time on the X'ictoria route in 1872 as 
 a mail boat. The Prime Alfred, which was one of Ro.senfeld iN: Bermingham's Victoria 
 mail steamers, was quarantined early in the year at Victoria, and during this detention the 
 old steamship Califoriiia, Captain Hornsby, made several trips to Victoria in her place. 
 This firm also operated the steamship Dakota in connection with the Prince Alfred. The 
 Pacific Mail Steamship Company and the North Pacific Transportation Company settled 
 their disputes by the former company purchasing the steamships California, Orizaba, Pacific 
 and Senator, and all of the business of the .southern route. Her Majesty's steamship 
 Sparrow I/awk, which had been stationed at Esquimalt for several years, was purchased 
 in 1872 by Corbett & Macleay of Portland, who converted her into a sailing vessel. 
 
 But few steamers were built on the Columbia and Willamette rivers in 1872, the """ ' 
 
 additions to the list nearly all being unimportant. The steamer /a«c West, which had arisen from the ruins ol 
 the Eagle, made her appearance in April in command of Capt. Dean Blanchan!, who afterward owned her ami ran 
 
 Capt. t.KOHI.B I>. MKSSBtiKB 
 
 l::;.: 
 
 *'Capt. IMwiii H. I'rancis, of Victoria, B. C, was born in Illinois in 1.S51 ami conimenceil steamboatinK in the Noriliwesl 
 on tlie steamer A'oie* in 1S72. He is a son of Allen I-'rancis, for a lon^ lime .American consul at Victoria. Captain Francis run tlie 
 steamer A'o.sv until 1S77, when she was sold, and since then he has been employed most of the time as a pilot on Initcl Slates 
 vessels running to Alaska. 
 
 ** Capt. James Nugent was born in Massachusetts in 1845 and commenced steaintoating on Puget Sound in 1S7J on tlic 
 Success. He was afterward owner of a number of stiiall steamers on I uget Sound and for many years had almost a niono|)iil\ hI Hie 
 Ijiisiness between Port Blakely and Seattle. His last steamer on this route was tlie Michigan, which he ran until 1.S91 and tluii sold 
 her to John A. Devlin. 
 
 "Capt. J. A. McCoy was born in Maine in 1843 and followed the sea in many parts of the world until wrecked near Hirclay 
 Sound in the ship /^o/cs/ King'wv 1870. This voyage terminated his e-iperience on deep-water vessels. After the IndKuis had 
 pillaged the vessel and relieved him and the rest of the crew of their valuables, McCoy and his associates made their wa\ 10 the 
 Sound and from there to the Columbia River. There the captain found employment as mate on the steamer ynZ/rt, bnl soon ii It her 
 to join the (iotiah in the same capacity. He remained with her for some time and then joineil the /'Ita While, and was suhsiir.iently 
 master of the steamer Cclilo, going from her to the steam tug Yaki)na, where he remained a season, thence to the .V. I.. .V(i>/'i^, 011 
 which he served three years. lie spent the same length of time on the tug Taconia as mate and master, and while not in coiiniiand 
 of the towboats hamlled the I'hantoin. When the steamer Wasco was taken around from the Columbia River, Captain Mia » w" 
 put in charge and ran her to Bellingham Bay for several mouths. 
 
Rvmarknbli) Trip of thu "Shoshone." Wilhrnuttf :wil (ioh/inhia Transf)ortation Entfrpn'stis 
 
 2o\ 
 
 I 
 
 li'i 
 
 her fill I mimlH;r of yeatH in connection witii \m lunit)eritiK interests, Tlic sIcumiit was less than fifty feet long, 
 willi tliiilccn feet beam. Tlie .Utin'n li'ilkiiis, a small stern wiieeler, was omslritcteii at Portland liy K. M. Warren, 
 and a ^ ir later was fortunate enouKli to make a single tri|> that gives her a permanent place in history, having 
 liten till' lirst boat to pass tliroUKh the newly completed locks at Oregon City. Capt. J. S. Huntington had 
 couiiiiiunl of the steamer until iH7r), and was succeeded by Cajit. Fred Wilson. The W'ilkin.i was of small 
 iin|H)rl iiKc except as a towboat, and after sinking several times ended her prosaic existence early in i.S.So on the 
 lieacli. Her dimensions were : length, seventy-six feet; beam, seventeen feet: depth, four feet; engines, eight 
 by lorlv eight inches. A steam ferry was established in 1.S72 between Vancouver, Wash., and the opposite shore 
 byCapl. IC. W. Baughman, the Oregon landing being the same spot which Capl. John Swit/ler had selected for 
 his feri> over twenty years before. The increasing number of sailing vessels in the deep-water fleet provided the 
 til); Astoria with very remunerative employment, and in 1H7J she secured the first of many similar prizes, 
 receiving five thousand dollars salvage for hauling the barkentine Joiir A. /'nlkiiitx r^ off Clatsop Spit. When 
 liusiiieNN was light on the bar, the Aslon'a frequently towed vessels ti)) the river as far as Oak I'oint. The tugs 
 ,]/,iiiiii,i, and ( 'aniHii also engaged in this work, the steamer />'<// //olliKidv relieving them of their tows at Oak 
 Point and taking the vessels to Portland. 
 
 The fine little steamer Haslport was built at Marshfield in 1H72 by Hans Reed " for Howard iS: I'ool of 
 San l''raM(i.sco, who at once imt her in the coal trade between Coos Hay and the California metropolis. She had 
 excellent pa.ssenger accommodations, and carried about four hunilred and fifty tons of coal per trip. Capt. George 
 I'atoii ' was first in connnand, and was succeeded by Captain 
 Whitney, who lost the steamer near Point Arena in July, 1.H75. 
 .Alexander McDonald ' was one of the best known engineers with 
 
 the steamer (.see wreck of /■'iislf>o)i, i,S7s). Another small steamer ;.; 
 
 designed for iidand navigation was built at Umpire City in 1.S72 by 
 Capt. W. H. I.use. She was named the Salcllilr, and was seventy- 
 two feel long, nineteen feet beam, and four feet six inches hold, with 
 engines nine by forty-eight inches. Capt. Theodore John.son was 
 her first conunander and was succeeded by Captains I.anfair, Graves, 
 I.use, and others. Nearly all the prominent steainboatmen on Coos 
 Hay have worked on the steamer in some capacity at difiereiit times. 
 The steamer Onealta was launched at Pioneer City, Yaquina Hay, 
 and made her trial trip in February, 1872. The OhkiIIu was a side- 
 wheeler, with engines thirteen by thirty-six inches, length eighty-two 
 feet, fourteen feet beam, and four feet hold. She was owned by 
 George Kellogg, and came around to the Columbia shortly after she 
 was comi)leted, having been purchased by the Humes, who i)laced 
 her in charge of luigene Brock, who was succeeded in command by 
 Captains A. T. Davis, A. L. Pease, A. C. Fisher, Fred Congdon, 
 G. \V. Taylor, and others. She was changed to a sternwheeler in 
 1881, and a year later was taken to Hundmldt Bay by Captain 
 Wa.ss. The steamer Mary Belt was bought by John Marshall, who 
 ran her to Cathlamet and Oak Point. The wheel of the pioneer 
 steamer Julia made its last revolution in Decend)er. Her machinery 
 was then removed, preparatory to breaking up the hull. On consolidating his steamship interests with those 
 recently acquired of the People's Transportation Company, Ben Holladay reorganized his forces, and the Oregon 
 
 / 
 
 e.Ml. J. .\. NKtOV 
 
 "lliins Reeil of Ilandon, Or., was horn in Norway in iS^o, and sailed ooaslwise tliere unlil i.Sjy, when he laiiie lo California, 
 .^fter his arrival lie was employed as a draiij,'litsinaii in' North's slii|iy;ird in San I'ranoisoo, holding the posiliDii seven years. He 
 siibsci|iieiilly went lo Washinntoii Territory, and, in partnership with' his brother, built a iniinber ofvi-ssels at Port Mailison, anions 
 llieiii Ihi.- schooner W . S. I'lielfti, the barlieiuine .V. M. Sliison. steamer /uii/'iir, ami the four-niasliil sclKiDiier I'm ilaii. I'rom 
 I'ort Mi.lison he went to Marshlield, reinainiiiH tliirti-eii years, ami (UiriiiK that time i-oinpleud the steamers ICi>stf<orl and (i'liv Hiiy, 
 AmuT^ /'iiiiiioiiiii, /.aiiru May, falin d. .Voilli, i\w\ others. I'riiin Marshfield he went to the Coiinillc and constrnc-led the tug 
 liMimfh, steamer l^cipatch, and several sehooners, 
 
 ■ Capt. (".eorne I'atoii was born ill .Scotland in iS3^. lie came to the Pacific Co.ist in 1S69. and commenced sailing ont of 
 San I'r.uiciseo on the schooner ICvml, in which he was cast awav on his first voyage while (■» roiilc lo Crescent City, all hands 
 lieiiiH s:ived. l-'rom 1S59 to KS71 he was on dilTerenl sailing vessels in the co.isling Iraile and lo the .Sandwich Islands, and w.is willi 
 Sinipsiiii's liiKB and schooners for two years. In 1S71 he was given Cdiiimand of the Eaitporl, which he operated for a year between 
 San Pr;iiicisco and Coos Hay, next rnnning the Sorway in the .same Ir.ide. He was siibseipieiilly master of the steamer Cmiiiilli- lo 
 Coos l!,iv and afterward lo the I'lnpcpia for a period of two years, leaving her for the steamer I Iiiiiihulill, which he ran Id Ilnmbidill 
 Day ail. I Crescent City for nine \ ears. When the Oregon I'aoifie Kailroad Coiii|>any eslablisheil a sleamship service to Yaipiina Hay, 
 lie «iis ■-iiccessively in oommind of the Yaquina Cily, /unlerii OreQini and H'illa»iiilr I'allcw remaining; willi the latter steamer for 
 four vfiis. lie w'as afterward on the steamer /!>(«/ Loiiia, of which he was part "Wiier. and in October, i.Sij.l, look charge of the 
 stcaniir Homer, which he is still running. lie is inleresleil in the steamer Saliitnal Cily. rnnning lo Iliiniboldl Hay, and is also an 
 'miitr III the fonr-masted schooners Saliator, Ethel /.anc and Haii/iO) , in the Inniber trade. 
 
 Alexander McDonahl, engineer, was born in Scotl.ind in 1S23. and came lo .America when ipiile yoniiK His first marine 
 strvici ill this country was on steamships from New York lo Panama, anil in 1.S61) he arrived in San I'raiicisco, where he joined the 
 sleani-hip .Salinas as first assistant, remaining for a year, snbsecpienlly going lo the /'asf/ioi / in the Coos Hay trade fiir eighteen 
 moiuh.^ He was next on the Ans .lni;elfs, running to llie Sound for over a year, and from there went to the steamer //iimhoUII, 
 which VMS about the last of his marine work. He is now on the relireil list, and for a number of years has been trustee and treasurer 
 of the .Mariue Engineers' Association. In 1S63 ami 1S64 he served for nearly a year on the upper Columbia River steamers. 
 
 il! 
 
Lewii (f Drydon'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwvst 
 
 \i\ 
 
 \\\ 
 
 Steninsliip Conipnny, operntini; river. Sniind atu! ocean steniiifrs and railroad^*, siicocedcd the North I'lcific 
 Transportation Company. Tho Wiilatnettc River Navigation Company, wliii'h was destined to make iii.ilterH 
 very intcrt'stinK for Holladay's stfainl)oats, clfctfd the foUowiiij; directors in November: Jacoli Kamm, Mlijaii 
 Corlittt, Charles Holman, Lloyd Krook. H. (ioldsmitli. Oeorxe Marslmlt and Joseph KeiloKK' 
 
 Ocean steamships on the northern route in i.sy.' were tlie Ihi/lnmmr. Captains l-'loyd, Connorn and Bolle*; 
 John I.. Slrphiiis, Captain Coinior ; I'luifii, Capt. I'eter Mackie ; /ilnlio, Capt. JelT Howell; and A/ax, Caiitain 
 Holies. ReKular coasting traders riitniinK north from San Francisco were the barks W'liis/Ur. Captain Simpson; 
 ll'i/'/ih>/, Krecniaii ; //</r>i //'. Oliiev, W'iddinson ; harkeiitines .h/u/iii, Henderson ; Mihiiiitlnni, I'atterson ; lirigH 
 Oriinl. WhcelwriKhl ; /Inwslii, Dnff; l)iirks . //wi/Z/i;. Kival, liarkeiitine Free TiaJe, \i\\f, I'eifelua, scIkioikts 
 Kalie Heron, Aliee Haake, and others. The I'uKet Sound lumber fleet iucluiled the barks Ciimden. Clirisliflin 
 Milelutl, Gohlhunler, Forest Oueeii. (h m of the Oreiiid, Indian F.nifiire, Harrison, .Malliiille, .Martha Ritt,,\iit. 
 Narramissie. Pouhalan, Siot/and aiu\ Tidal Wave: barkeiitine (('. //. dawley : ships /i'/r«/i(r, Fli-.aheth Kimball, 
 Fl Porado, Oeean Traveler, /'anther, William /fame \\w\ ]\'ild:eood. The latter vessel, built at Port Madisiiii in 
 1S71), was nearly two thousand tons register. She was purchased in San Franci.sco in December by C. L. Taylor 
 for $/5.ooi'. The bark Seotland was condemned and sold at Seattle, Fred I'eterson, engineer of the Ithuk 
 Diamond, securing her for Jtj.ijoo. I,und)er charter rates were exceedingly high in 1S72, the bark Maltf,ille 
 receiving 5-2. ihi per thousand from hurrard's Inlet to Callao, and the .schooner Aliee llaake, a 24oton vessel, 
 receiving ;J,^4 oo per thousand from the same port to Melbourne ; and in October the highest rate ever paid was 
 
 for a charter made in San Francisco to toad lumber on the Souiul lor 
 Callao at $,^7.51' per thousand, with return cargo guaranteed. Among 
 the flying passages made by the Sound fleet was that of the ship 
 Eli-abelh Kimball, which arrived at I'ort Ntadisoii in January, four 
 days and .seven hours from Sail Francisco. The Tidal Wave made the 
 same trip in December in five days, completing the round trip in 
 twenty-five days. 
 
 The luuuber of deep-water .ships visiting the Columbia con- 
 tinued to increase in 1S72, among them being the British shij) Clulali 
 and American bark Metis with railroad iron from Wales, the American 
 ships .Innie F. Small and /.onave with similar cargoes from Xew 
 York. Urilish ship Siam with railroad iron from Kngland, and llie 
 Uritish bark l.oeh Pee with a general cargo from Liverpool. From 
 the Orient came the American barks (iaribaldi, Captain Noyes, 
 with two hundred and seventy Chinese, and /iduard James, Captain 
 Patterson, with three hundred and eighty; British ship Forieanl, 
 Captain White, three hundred and thirty, and the Spanish bark 
 Manilla, with four hundred and twenty-five Chine.se. The Amer- 
 ican bark Aldeu Fesse also brought a few Orientals. The wheat 
 fleet from the Cohunbia River in 1872 included the followinR 
 ves.sels : American ships .-/. .'/. Small, /onave, the British ships 
 Siam and Grossmier, British barks liarraeouta, llarriiii^ton, .Uetis, 
 Sfyarklini; /><•,-.', Fleetr\ Xavigator, Loeh Pee, Fed Deer, A'oiuvilh, 
 I'ietoria A'yan^a, Channel Fixht and Chetah, and the Spa^iiili bark Afanilla. Charter rates were about 
 fifty shillings, although the l.oeh Pee received fifty-two .shiiling.s ten pence. In the Honolulu trade were 
 the Falkenberg, Captain Cathcart, the brigs Ferpetua and Fulhfinder, the latter having been reconstructed 
 from the old schooner Augusta by Walter Moffitt, and was sailed by Capt. L. M. Rogers. A fine schooner 
 named the Mary /'arker was built on Puget Sound by Capt. J. P. Adams' of Port Townsend, and the schooner 
 Fii; River at Freeport and Serena '/'haver at Port Discovery were launched in 1872. Coos Hay contriluiteil 
 two fine vessels to the coasting sailing fleet in the .schooners (iotatna and Orei;onian, the latter making her 
 first trip from San Francisco to the Columbia in December. The schooner Ft'a ,\/ay was built at St. Helens 
 
 Al.KXANItKK McOo.NAi.K 
 
 '' Capt. William I'ntterson, a native of Nova Scotia, came to the Pacific Coast in 1857, anil joined the old bark Carib as 1 
 He served for al)Out a year and tlieii went as master of tlie hri^ Arago. He was afterward on tlie Enter (irise for about two >c 
 leaving; her for the Metanchlon, where he remained ei^ht years. He took commaml of the barktntine Tarn (I'Stiantcrm 1875. 
 has sailed her continuously since tliat time. 
 
 ■'' Capt. J. r. .\(lams of Port Townsend was horn in Maine in 1830, arrived in San I-"ranciseo in 1850, and sailed on the I 
 M.try Melville between San l"rancisco, Portland and Puget Sonud. Two years later he liad charge of the brig Franklin Allan: 
 the same route. He next joined the old bark Ori\ which he subsei|nently left to assist in the erection of the mills at Nis(|ually. 
 next operated a schooner to Dritish Columbia, which he abaudone<l in 1862 to go to the Cariboo gold mines. Returning, he '■ 
 the scliooner /.o/Z/V and traded on the Sound with her for ten years. After <lispo.sini! of this vessel he constructed the .sch. 
 Mary /'arker in 1S72 and traded with her up to about 1880, when he sold her to the Indians at Neah Hay, who hired two white : 
 to run her (see wreck o( Mary /'arker, iS^t,). In the seventies, before gas coal was discovered on the Sound, he supplied S< 
 with large quantities of this necessary commodity. In 1S7S and 1879 he made sealing trips on the A/ary /'arker, can 
 twenty-four canoes and forty-eight Indians. Soon after leaving the /'arker he retired to a farm near Port Townsen<l, where 1'. 
 since resided. 
 
 ite. 
 ars, 
 ml 
 
 .irk 
 on 
 He 
 
 .lih 
 iier 
 iieii 
 ule 
 
III an' 
 
 Remarktblf Trip of the "Shoshonv," Williimvttv ami Culumbi.) Fransfjortatinn Enttrfirinva 
 
 i^i 
 
 by W J. SteveiiM." The coal ami IuimIiit traili' of Coos Hay and vicinity furiiiMhcd i-iiiploynuMil to a rvKular 
 lleil I small vessels riiniiiiiK to San Fraiicisoo, aiiionx tlivm liciiiK tile schooners . //i;i,'ii, l.onl, /'fmvik, /■.'//lA/, 
 Cliii. A'. Siilil, Coiiiiillf and l.iuia l\>ry. 
 
 Marine disasters were few in nutnlier and not serious in nature in [S7J. The steamer Kisohilr, a small towl)oat 
 l)iiiil iwo years before, exploded her boiler at I'ortland, April i.'th, while lyinK at Ihi' wharf at the fool of Morrison 
 Strii I. She was owned by Haniill and Lewis, the latter ai'lin^ as engineer. A few niinntes before the accident 
 I.ewi-- had looked at the steam K'»<Kc, which indicated a i)ressure of but forty pounds. He then walked ashore, 
 lUiii -liortly afterward the steam be^an blowing ofT at the safety valve. Tlii' caused him to return to the steamer 
 aiid |iri'ss the lever of the valve down. No sooner had he done so than the boiler exploded with terrific force, but 
 iiislcid of K"'i'K upward, as is usually the ca.se, every tliiiit; went through the bottom of the boat, sinking her 
 almiist instantly, Lewis escaped to the dock, but the fireman and Chinese cook were blown out into the river, 
 wIich' they were afterward |)icked up comparatively iiniiijure<l. The steamer was valne<l at about three thousand 
 ilulliiis and was a total loss. The schooner A'imv I'liiy was wrecked on Shoal water Hay in September. 
 
 Notable deaths in the profession in 1.S72 were Capt. William Irving, the |>io!ieer steamboatman of the 
 W'illainette and l-'rastr rivers, who passed away suddenly at New Westminster, H. C, August 2Hth. Cajil John 
 Swaiison, who came out on the Ciulhoro. and was for many years on the lliiiiii and other Hudson's Hay steamers, 
 (lied at \'ictoria, October 2,vl. Capt. Ivlward Stamp, who was interested in a number of marine ventures in Kritish 
 Columbia, died in London, November 22d, and Capt. H. H. I.os-ejoy at Coupeville, Wash. At San Francisco, 
 Fred 1). I''iiich, who ran for some years as purser on his father's steamers on IHi^et Sound, died December 5tli. 
 a>!cd iwetity-four years. At I'ortland, Kph Uoy, a jxipular Oregon Steam Navigation purser, died May 5th, aged 
 lliirlv-iiine years, 
 
 ■W. J. Stevens, sliipliiillder, Vifloria, 11. C, wiiH liorii ill Kn^l'iod ill 1H17. Mis first marine WDrk in tlic Nortliwest was in 
 1S72. when lie liuill tlic Hi'liooner Kllit May at Westport, Or., afterward takiiiK I'er lo Mexiro anil selling liir l<i the War Detiartnieiit. 
 He oiinipleteil tlic steamer ll'itZ/ioi/ fur lliiiiKlas iS: West, and, before K"''1K '" "rilisli Coliiinbia, lonstriieted the stennier /\inily 
 Sli'tfiii. with which hr eii^'atted in the lialilait fishery od' (Jiieeii Charlotte's Island until sto|nied tiy the Diniiinion I'lii .iiineiit. In 
 l,S;S he linill the schooner /•V.k/ivi /'.V/,/; at St. Helens, and in later years the steamers l{'iniii/n\l, I'igihiiil, Kihlniiiin, Atysliij, 
 Sailii; Suiin and .Vary lime at \'ietoria. 
 
 I i 
 
 I [ 
 
 !!,"; 
 

 t ! 
 
 w 
 
 i 
 
 A 
 
 y. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Mysterioi-s P'atk or the "GeorokS. VVRicniT" — First Steamer Throuc.h the Locks at Okkc.on 
 City — Steamers oe the Willamette River Transi'ortation Company — The Steamer "Daisy 
 Ainsworth" — Trc.s "Sedalia" and "Fearless" — The Coos Bay & CoyriLLE Transportation 
 Company — Merchants' Transportation Company ok Olympia — British Steamer "Union" — 
 Northwestern I.i'mher Fleet of 1S73 — The Willamette River Steamer "Ohio" — Steamer 
 "Willamette Chiei-" — Colvmhia & Willamette Barc.e Company — Trc.s "C.J. Brenham" 
 AM) "Katie Cook" — Steamers "Olenora" and "Gem" on the Stickekn River — Steamship 
 " I,os Anc.ei.es" — Licensed Okeicers in the I'rc.ET Soind Inspection District — The Orec.on 
 Clipper "Western Shore "—H'iieat Shipments i-rom Astoria — SniPnriLiuNc; on 1'uoet So^nd 
 — Wreck of the "Panther," "Sidi," "ICdwin," "Diana," and Other Well Known Vessels. 
 
 ARLY in 1873 the .steamer Ciiorge S. Wn'glil disappeared while on a trip from Alaska 
 to Portland, and, though strenuous efforts have been made to learn the exact fate 
 which overtook the steamer, her crew and pa.ssengers. the mystery hr.s never been 
 fathomed, and, like many .similar calamities of lesser importance, all that can be said 
 is that she sailed away and no message ever came to quiet the heartaches of thu.se 
 whose friends and relatives perished with her. The (iioij;/- S. ]\'riglit occupies a 
 permanc't place in Northwestern marine annals through having been a Puget Sound 
 production and having spent her ;ntire existence in the waters of the North Pacific. 
 She was launchcn at Port Ludlow, September i, i>S6,^, for John T. Wright,' who 
 named her in honor of his brother. She was one 
 
 hundred and sixteen fee' seven inches long, twenty-five feet beam, ten "et six 
 
 inches hold, and, in command of Capt. S. F. Lewis, was put on the Portland 
 
 and X'ictoria route, where she ran for a short time, until secured by the 
 
 Russian-American Telegraph Company, who sent her to .Siberia, where she was 
 
 operated in their interc.t for nearly two years. On the failure of that project in 
 
 i,S6,S she was .sold to Jacob Kamm, who ran her until October, 1869, and then 
 
 disposed of her to the North Pacific Transportation Company. In this service 
 
 she carried the mail on the Alaska route, and was commanded at different times 
 
 by Waitt, Rogers, Hayes, and Thomas J. Ainsley. She .sailed from Portland on 
 
 her last trip early in January, coali^d at Nanaimo, and proceeded to Alaska. 
 
 Arriving at Sitka, she di.soharged her cargo and started on the return trip, 
 
 having as passengers Major Walker and wife, Lieutenant Rogers and servant, 
 
 Charles Waldron, Charles Kincaid, Mr. Sinsheimer, (juartcrinaster's clerk at 
 
 Sitka, and an unknown cooper. At Tongas. John Williams of \'ictoria, 
 
 S. Millotitch anil a man named Hogan and his son were taken aboard. After 
 
 leaving Sitka the steamer went to Kluvok, where Waldron had a fishing station. 
 
 Here she loaded eight hundred barrels of salmon, one hundred barrels of oil 
 
 John SlTluN 
 
 a few bundles of skins 
 
 11(1 
 
 'Jolni T. WriKlit, Jr., wa.s !,ini in New York in iSjfi, and naiiiLMl lii.s UiidwIi'iIkc of the sleanisliip busines.s on liis fatlicr'.' 
 vcsscl.s sailing >>"( <>f H'f nielropolis. lie came li> tlie Pacilie Coast in i,S(i), serveil for a lon^ lime as engineer on tlie .S'cii Hiu!, 
 (ii'/t(i/t, aiul other vessels owned by t!»e elder Wriylit. and eventually ai'(iuired an interest in the hnsiness. The steamer wliicli h, irs 
 his name w.is intcniled for serviee on Pn^et .Sound, the framework liavlu)^ l)een eouslrneted hy Capt. John II. Scranton, who had llic 
 mail eontraoi lietween Olympia and Victoria. \Vrij;ht houjjht the structure as it lay and leiiKthened it for .in ocean steanisliip. 
 rtttini.' iKr nut with the enj^ines of the old S'<i />ii</. .\fier seUin>( this steamer, Wrij^ht went Ivist in iS66 and hou^jht the (in it' 
 Telliiii and the well known steamship Willium Tiihti , which he sent around to the Co.ist. and when he returned in 1.S6S ran 'lie 
 latter as an opposition steamer on the various routes out of Sau I'rancisco. On the Sound he was interesteil with his hrothers in .1.- 
 Bteamers Ji/iza . hii/fr.soii. Olyiitpia, (icori^e S. IViii^hl, .lAiiiii, and other early-day steamers. Of late years Mr. Wnght has not 
 been couiiccled with the business, and is now living in Oakland, Cal. 
 
r' m 
 
 Willamettt' River Locks Completed, Charter Rates of the Lumber Fleet 
 
 205 
 
 furs, viiling for Nanaimo, Jamiary 2.stli. Her crew consisted of Thomas J. Aiiislcy, captain ; B. V. WeicUer, 
 puisi 1 ; John Sutton, chief engineer; James Minor, second engineer; Daniel Noonan, first officer; William Price, 
 seciiiul officer; V. Clawson, t)\ven McGough. firemen; ICdward Johnson. Arclioald Dunii, James Irwin, Gns 
 ProOV, J. Jenson, seamen ; Chrir. Adams, steward ; Pedro Salvo, Jewell Michels, cot ks ; C. Heveiulehi, waiter : 
 Mo'-i> Haptist, pantryman ; Indian Jim, messt)oy ; Indian Jack and Jim, coal passers. As time passed on and no 
 tidiiif;s were received, those having friends in peril appealed to the (Government to send a steamer to .search 
 for llie absent vessel. The knowledge of the treatment which shipwrecked crews had received in the past made 
 it quite probable that, if the steamer had been wrecked, the survivors might sufTer indignities, or even death, at 
 the IkukIs of the murderous savages on the North coast. The United States Government, with the exasperating 
 .slowness which on more than one similar occasion has cost human life, failed to furnish the assistance desired 
 until weeks after the steamer had been reported missing, although British officials at Victori.'. dispatched 
 Her Majesty's ship Pi. 're! in search long before an American ves; el was ready for the service. The owners of the 
 Wrii^Jit .sent the steamer diisstr Tii/hir to the rescue, but .so much time had elapsed that but few traces could be 
 found of either the vessel or those on board. Some pieces of wreckage came ashore near Cape Caution, indicating 
 that the steamer had been lost in ihat vicinity. The supposition has always been that she struck an unmarked 
 rock near that point about January 27th, and that, if any of the passengers or crew reached shore, they were 
 butcliered by the natives. Several months after the disaster a portion of a human body clothed in a soldier's 
 uuiform was found on the beach, and the remains of an eight-year-old boy, with a life preserver attached, 
 supposed to be t)"at of young Hogan, were also found. I.oth were 
 fully clothed, ii.d-cating that the accident nuist have '.lappened 
 eillior in the daytime or in the evening before the hour for retiring. 
 Another theory advanced in explanation of the mystery is that the 
 boiler exploded, destroying the ves.sel and killing all on board. 
 The finding of the boy's body would appear to refute this supposi- 
 tion, as in case of an explosion there would have been no time to 
 secure a life preserver. About five years after the disappearance f 
 tlie U'riglil, an Indian called Hilly Coma was arrested in Victoria, 
 aiui while in jail made a confession in which he stated that he had 
 been a coal-passer on the Writ; hi when she was lost, and Miat all of 
 the crew, with the exception of himself and another Indian, had 
 been killed by the natives. The story was investigated, and while 
 it was a.scertained that Coma had never been a coalpa.s.ser on the 
 stcaiiKT and \vas\ery much of a stranger to the truth, yet he Iiad 
 been living with a trilte near the scene at the time of the wreck, and 
 his familiarity with many of the details was such as to warrant the 
 belief that he might have imparted information which would have 
 thrown light on the mystery. Numbers of stories of a similar 
 nature CMsionally found their way to the public ear, but, despite 
 the weari.some .search of the friends of the lost, no tidings bearing 
 the stamp of authenticity have ever l)een received. 
 
 The completion of the locks at Oregon City was the most 
 important event of i^-},. The work was practically finished in 1.S7. but the .)/<ui<i H'i/k-his. tlie tlist steamer to 
 pass tlirough the locks, did not make this inipoitaiit trip until January i, iS;,^. On board the Wi/kiiis as 
 passengers were Jacob Kainiii, Capt. Joseph Kellofg. Capt. Charles Holnian. Capt. Charles Kellogg, John 
 Miir>liall, Col. Joe Teal, H. OoUlsinith, Governor Grover, Major W'assermaii, Henry Failing, Joliu Wliitaker, 
 Ci )rge A. Helm, Col. H. H. Taylor, H. \V. Scott. I.loyd Brooks. J. II. Haden, Jimes I.aidlaw, George T. Meyers, 
 .S. H. I'arrish. The officers of the Willamette River 'I'ransportation Company were : B. Goldsmith, prsident : 
 Joseph Kellogg, Jacob Kamm, George Marshall, Klijal: Corbett, Lloyd Brooks, directors; Frank Dodge, agent at 
 Oregon City. Operations were commenced with the (ii':irii,ii (hvxii. which was launched at Portland, January 
 2,S, iS;^. and made her trial trip March l6tli with the folUjwing crew : Charles Ilolman, cajitaiii : George Marshall, 
 chief engineer ; and A. Vickers and Charles Kellogg, jiilots. Two days later she went up the Willamette to 
 H;urisl)uig, having been i!"j first large steamer to reach a point so far inland. Cajitain Ilolman was succeeded 
 in loniinaud in i,S74 by Capt. James Wilson, who remained with her for several > ears. Charles H. Jennings and 
 
 ¥ 
 
 I 'm\ 
 
 :.:■;•] 
 
 5.1 
 
 Charles II. Jennings was horn in Oregon City in iS.si.anil began steaiiilioalin.i; on the CoUiiiiliia Kivir in is;.". His llrsl 
 scrvire was on llie />i\ir 7'/iiii)ifisoii. and lie went frotn lier to the /invc .lAAViK. wheie he was lirst assisl.int a', tlie lime ol her 
 colli~iini with the U'ilhviieil,' Chiii. lie was aUerwanl on the sUMineis U't'lroiiie, )'iit/iii,i, .llm,il,t. lutiuiii-.,). Il'rn,i/, A'luii,. 
 I'li'i 'iizii, L'htiiii/'iiin. .Illiiiiii. liitilh. (hiiili'il and (i.i-.riiiiu (,'iii^,-i on the Cohiinhia and Vi'illanieUe rivers, and on the h'rasei 
 and ill Mritish Cohiinhia waters on the /-.'/icifirf/i /ivnig, of wliieli he w.is eliiel" engineer when slie hnrned near I'orl Hope. 
 A'. /', Rithi-t. /\\ii.inti\ Pt'i'tlrss on llie 'riiotn;i.>,oii KiverK H'l-^tnii S/t>f^i\ J/yitt and /\*iihv. Jennings is erediu-d with h.uiit^ 
 siu'tf.^riilly hroiiHlil the A'. /'. killwl from I'ort Vale to Vielori.i with one eiinine dining hinli water aim ri>Mi.;h we.illier. ( in tin 
 Soiu'd he served as engineer on the i<ii~<'//r, 11^. /''. Muttio-- ami Skxit^it, and since retnrninj^ to the Colninliia liiis li.nl (di.ir^i- oT tlu 
 eni;iiK' room on the llailry <,'ii/:ii/, I'/it/iiir, /.iirlini', .liiiiir Sl,u\iit. Salt in and ()< i/ii//iiiii:i, and has worked for a sliori lime op 
 llii' ! nisfer hoal '/'aioiiiii. W. present he is engineer cit llie rortland Cable Uailway power house. 
 
 Bll-'f 
 
 I. li 
 
206 
 
 Lewis <J Drydeii'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwe: t 
 
 W. H. Marshall ' were among the best known of her early engineers. From the Willamette River Transporlat'on 
 
 Company the Goirnwr (inner passed into the hands of the Willamette Transportation & Locks Company, ami 
 
 subsequently to the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, in whose service she ended her days, having perfdimed 
 
 good .service on every route out of Portland. The (ioirnwr Cirovci was one hundred and forty feet long, twenty- 
 eight feet six inches beam, five feet six inches hold. The company next purchased the steamer Vancouzrr. but 
 
 afterward sold her to Gray & Tonner, who ran her in the trndc for 
 
 -r^r •'- ---— ^ which she was designed. Their third steamer was the famous Slivshom, 
 
 purcha.sed from the Oregon Steam Navigation Company ten days after 
 her tiip over the Cascades. Their fourth steamer, although the second 
 constructed by them, was launched at Portland, August 21st. She was 
 christened the Beaver, a id was one hundred and twenty-five feet long, 
 twenty-five feet beam, five feet hold, with engines fourteen by forty- 
 eight inches. She was well put together, but rather slow. In cominand 
 of Capt. Fred Wilson she was started on the Astoria route and ran tlicre 
 until June, 1876, when she was sold to I'riah Nelson for the Stickeen 
 River. She reached Victoria, June 7th, in charge of Capt. George I). 
 Messegee and Capt. J. D. Tackabtrry, the latter remaining in command 
 until 1878, when Capt. Nat H. Lane, Jr.,' took charge. Sl'j was 
 wrecked on a rock in the Stickeen River at 7:00 A. m,. May 17th, a;id 
 with the exception of the machinery, which was saved, became a total 
 loss. While running on the Columbia she was in a serious eol ,• on 
 with the limma Hayward The steamers mentioned comprised the i.'i.,:i 
 operated by the Willamette River Transportation Company during the 
 first year of their exi.stence. although tlry purcha: A the steamer 
 Carrie, which Capt. James W. Troup had been running on the \'ancou- 
 ver route, in November, selling her a few days later to Captain White. 
 The Oregon Steam Navigation Company, which had .sent several 
 
 of their steamers to the lower Columbia, reinforced their middle river 
 
 fleet this year with the finest steamer which had yet appeared in that 
 
 region. She was launched at The Dalles, April 23, 1873, and was 
 
 christened Daisy Aiiisziortli in honor of Captain Ainsworth's youngest 
 
 daughter. Her dimensions were : length, two hundred and four feet ; 
 
 beam, twenty-eight feet ; depth, seven feet eight inches ; with engines 
 
 twenty by eighty-four inches, and a wheel twenty-one feet in diameter. 
 
 She was built by J. J. Holland, and was fast and commodious. With 
 
 the exception of her last trip, which brought her to an untimely end 
 
 less than four years after she was completed, she was in charge 
 
 of Capt. John McXulty. During the winter months, as business 
 
 decrea.sed, the Daisy Aiiisaort/i was laid up and 1 >.r place taken by 
 
 the Idaho. In November, 1876. a shipment of two hundred cattle, 
 
 which the Idalio was too small to handle, came down from the upper 
 
 river. The l^aisy .liiisworlh was accordingly ordered out, and, in 
 
 command of the Idaho s mate. Martin Spelling, left The Dalles shortly 
 
 after midnight. November s'-d. It was very dark and stormy, and, as 
 
 the steamer neared the Cascade landing, .Spelling sighted what he 
 
 thought to be the light on the wharf and steered for it. When he 
 
 reached a point which he deemed near etiough to .sound the whistle. 
 
 he opened the window and was horrified to see the wharf li,ghl on 
 
 the starlioard quarter. He put his wheel over instantly, but it was 
 
 too late to save the steamer. .She struck on a rock and parted ami(l.';hii)s. hut no lives were lost by the aisrt-fr. 
 
 ClIAHt.KS H. JKNN1N(;S 
 
 v»-', 
 
 C.\rr. Nat U, I.ani . JK. 
 
 'W. H. Mni'sliall was Imni in Oregon City in 1.S53, ami ooirniLMicvil sleiinil'oatinn on llie sieamtT .SV«i(/<)j as lireman ill 1 :.| 
 He was next on \\\k Goivinor (iiofer us secoml engineer, sniiseiiueiilly liolilinj; a similar (lositioii mi the Willaiiietle Chiet. His 
 tirst work as iliief was on the (ioviinoi (,'iv;'e>, and later he served on the lloiinii:,i and the C/iamf<it»i. Ilurinn lin' past lir.cii 
 years he has Imndled the throttle o\\ nearlv all of the Oregon Railway S: N.iviKation river lio.ils. and was with Capt. I'raiik Tuner 
 for several years on I )rdway's steamers When the .\ii /('iihi/i; was Imill he snperintended fitting; up and plaeinn her inachiii' ry. 
 Ills most recent service has hecii on the steamer T. J. iKittcr. Marsh.ill lias always heen succesisful ill his profession, and was ' r a 
 loiij; time President of the Marin • liiiKineers' .Association, No. 41. 
 
 'Capt. Ni.t H. I.aiic. Jr., was horn in Oregon in 1S64, and was schooled in the profession at a very early .i^e liy his 1 . or, 
 one of the best kiu)wii of Orejvui's early steamhoatmen. C.aptain Lane's first acti\e service was on the steamer ."t't'^'-'r'-rfi . hii ■ at 
 Coos Hay in iS;; Iiy ilie Coos Ilay Steam Navifjation Company, his fathe- beiii ; one of the leailii •; spirits ol the nrn.i.ii a'ion. 'er 
 relnrniiiK from Coos Hay he ran for some lime o>. the Willamette River, and hen went to the Suekeeii :\;:r^ lie u<n lli 'c ler 
 (•iiliudr, enjoying many interesljtin experiences on that stream, which at that time was comparatively nnki n-.i .. lie '•" 
 commanded the Cassiar in Hritisli Columbia waters, ami after returning; 10 Oregon had charge of the OicidenI on la, V. idan. le. 
 Captain l.aue retired from the river several years ago and resides in I'.ast Portland. 
 
Wilhmette River Locks Comph-ied. Charter Rates of the Lumber Fleet 
 
 207 
 
 c^ 
 
 althoii.;h a large portion of the cattle on board were tlrowned. All of the machinery and equipment were 
 reiun\nl, and the hull remained on the rock until the following spring, when it floated off and went over the 
 Casca '.s. March 15, 1877, being subseciuently picked up at Multnomah Falls by the Oiiroiila and towed to 
 Vancn'.iver, The Aiiiiic Sli-c^'arl. which had been brought from San Francisco a few years before by J. N. 
 Gilin:i!i and Elijah Corbett, was sold to the Oregon Steam Navigation Company in June, refitted and put in 
 the Astoria trade, to alternate with the Dixie 'nnuiipson in a daily service. The company were operating the 
 Oiiivii'ii to the Cascades, and the Faiii/if Troufi and Rimitc on the Monticello route. Their first Astoria steamer, 
 the /'/'" H- Condi, was broken up early in January. The N'ancouver Steamboat Company, which built the 
 raiin'ii'fr, dissolved May jotb. lisposing of their steamer to the Willamette River Transportation Company, and 
 a few day later the steamer A/aria U'i/ii/is, and Oinif. Capt. J. W. Troup, started on the route. The steamer 
 Hiiiriiihi was sold by the sheriff at Oswego to W. J. Neilson ' for $250. Soon after she left the river the Tualitin 
 River Xavigation & Transportation Company was formed, with the following directors ; Joseph Kellogg, George 
 I,. Curry, A. F. Hedges, Orrin Kellogg'' and B. Killen. The Oregon Sleani.ship Company were running the 
 .steaniots A'. A^ Coo/c and Sriialor between Portland and Oregon City, connecting there with the /'aiii,y Palloii, 
 Payloii, Shoo Fly and . \litc on the upp:'r Willamette, affording their new antagonist (piite a spirited opposition. 
 The two last-mentioned steamers were almost destroyed by fire at Oregon City in May. 
 
 The steam tug Fearless, which Capt. Robert J. Law.son" had been operating at Coos Bay, was towing for 
 a short time on the Columbia 
 bar in the fall of 1S73, in com- 
 mand of Capt. James Hill." 
 .\ small steam tug named the 
 Scdalia wa:'. launched at Asto- 
 ria in November by the .Sped- 
 deii Brothers. She was used 
 principally in towing, but was 
 totally destroyed by fire near 
 Kalaina, July i, 1874, while (v/ 
 route to Portland in command 
 of Ca])t. Charles Parker, less 
 than six months after making 
 her initial trip. She was val- 
 ued at S'o.ooo. Other steam- 
 ers employed in towing on 
 the river were the \Vitsf>, lien 
 lloUaday, Merrimae, Varniia, 
 Coiinihhlur Perry, Mario U'il- 
 iiiK. Mary Fell. Josie MeXear 
 mA .U> line hall a, the last four confining their operations to light work, while the others confidently made fast to 
 he la'.;t^t ships which entered the river. The steamer .Slnil>riel\ now engaged in the lighthouse service in the 
 '■''' A. .t, was in command of Capt. G. N. Jessen in 1.S7,;, with Captain Giddins, first ofiicer, W. Nightingale, 
 I'l (I - .igi !er, Walter 1). Scott.' .second engineer. Cajit. Nat H. I.ane, Sr., and W. H. Troup, t"o pioneer 
 
 'lltaiii J. Neilson, engineer, was Ixirn in I'ennsylvania in 1S2.1. anil h.ts lict*n i-oiiiiii-li-il willi llu' inarint' hnsiness since 
 boylioo.. ." ;"irst work on the Colunibi.i River was in 1S7V when lie pnrcliaseil an interest in tlie steamer lleiirii Hit and ran witli 
 her as engineer. He was afterw.inl enj;a^e(l on a nnmber of t(twl)o.ats. and was engineer iif the l\ii<flei wlien she was destroyed Ii\- 
 fire in r.s.S9, perisliin;; in the tlaiiies. His son. Capt. John Iv Neilson, is (piite well known annnii,' tjolniidiia River sleanilio.itinen. 
 
 '\.'apt. Orriii Kell(»^>; was !)orn in Wood County. t)hio, in .S45. He be^an steainhoatin^ on the Tualitin River as engineer 
 on the steamer Ou:raiil, i\w\ was afterward t-.-iptaiii. He a''andiined the river for a brief perioil and eng<aj.ied in merehandisiii^ at 
 Ililis'^nni. but in the spring of 1S74 retnrned to Portland and resumed his profession, which he has since followed, spending nearlv 
 all the linie on ihe Cowlitz rente, which has been bnilt np and dcvelopeil almost solely by the Kello^ns 
 
 Cajit. Robert J. I.awscin is a native of Denmark, ani when a boy was if the merchant marine between Mnropean and 
 Oriental ports. He came to the I'acilic Coast in i.S^g as a sailor <jii the bri.y A't'v/i//. snbse<piently joining; the brij; I'.fieniy rnnniii}^ 
 t" Coo.. Day, and was afterward on the barkentine '''w/Ad to the Colnmbi;i River. He then entered the service of Capt. 
 A. M. Siuiiison on the old tut; F<'tir/t's< on Coos Bay, reinainin^ on her ei^ht years, w.is afterward master of the .Wet n'/u,i{-, and since 
 llieu li.ts coiimnitided all of Simpson's tn^s, holding a license on every b.tr from San l-raiicisco to Tnget Sound. He served for 
 eleven \ci.rs altogether on the Coos Hay bar, four years oil the rm])<pi.'i, ei.yht years on Slio:dwater Hay and ('.rax's Harbor, and ran 
 tile til ^■•. k\ini^,i and Pi inter on Humboldt bai- for .about a year. Captain I.awson has been in Simpson's employ for tliirt\-lwo years, 
 f. .1 at the present time is in charge of his marine interests in San I'raiicisco. 
 
 'Capt James Hill was born in England in 1S41 and commenceil his marine service in the Mn.glisli Navy at the age of fourteen. 
 'e ca' e 0. ;!ij Pacific Coast in the sixties, .,nd entered tlie eniplov of .\. M. Simpson at Coos Day aiioiit iS;.!. cominanding clilferent 
 iiil>l o sru iliebar for nineteen years. He wa* master oft he liig.V'.' '/'//, i///.m, ;ind iniraciilously escaped de.ilh when her boiler exploded 
 nidi s.nh fearful results. He also handled both the old .md new tugs l-'iiii/e<s, making a giiod reconl for himself as a tugboalman. 
 liul I'l-i his life in 1SS9 when the l-ettr/e^^ went to jiieccs on rinpi|iia bar, November 21st. .-\s there were no survivors, the exact 
 parlii 111 irs of the disaster will never be knonii, but as Captain Hill was a navigator of uinpieslioued ability it is thought the tng must 
 have s-rimg a leak, or snslaineil some other injury, which forced him to take the chances of getting in safely against an ebb tiile. .1 
 
 SlK.XMKK "D.AISX .AINSWOKIU' 
 
 peril 
 iiut w 
 
 I'ltiif 
 assist. 
 years 
 
 undertaking even with a stanch, new vessel. Captain Hill was noted for his fearU .,.-,;;ess and skill in handling tugboats 
 never accused of being foolhardy. His untimely end was sincerely regretted bv a wi.le circle of friends. 
 
 'Walter I). Scott, engineer, was born in New York in i^.).'). and came to the Pacific Coast as a passe iger on the steamship 
 He learned his trinle .it W. II. Moore's foundrv and aftfw..; '. enlisted in the navy as machinist and engineer. He was first 
 
 I on tile steamer Shiihritk from 1S71 to iHHo and was also on the 'h itliUnme, but retired from the coasting service several 
 
 ^0, and since has been a chief engineer in the ferry service at San I'rancisco. 
 
 Nil 
 
 f- !l. 
 
 1 U 
 
 i' ■; 
 
Pfi 
 
 'I] 
 
 Mi 
 
 i ? 
 
 
 i 
 
 208 
 
 Lewis ^ Dryrlen's Marina History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 steamboatmen from the Willamette and Columbia, went to Marshfield in 1873, and, after organizing the Coos 
 Bay and Coquille Transportation Company, built the steamer A/tssr/ij^'f, a fine sternwheeler, niuetv one feet 
 long, twenty feet beam, six feet hold, with engines twelve by thirty-six inches. The Mcssfiif(fr was a good 
 carrier and could easily make twelve miles an hour. Captain I,ane was succeeded in command by Capt. 
 
 A. D. Hoone and Capt. J. Ivrnst, with Robert R. Kilgore,'" enjjineer, 
 The steamer enjoyed a good trade out of Empire City, but a few- 
 years after her completion was destroyed by fire. The SakUitc, 
 ■ constructed in 1.S72. w.xs making daily trips from Empire City to 
 
 Isthmus .Slough, and twice a week going up Coos River a distance 
 of eighteen miles, John C. Ellsworth" acting as engineer. The 
 steamship Has/port, Capt. Cieorge Paton, furnished good passenger 
 service between Empire City and ,San Francisco. But one steamer 
 was launched on Pugct Sound in 1873, the Empire, which for over 
 twenty years has been a well known coaster, and even slie was not 
 destined for local business. She is at pre.sent engaged in the N'anairao 
 coal trade. The I'.mpirc was launched at Meiggs' yard at Port Madi- 
 .son in October, and was one hundred and ten feet long, thirty-two feet 
 b'am, twenty feet hold, net tonnage 732. The steamer Zephyr was 
 ured this year by the Merchants' Transportation Company, formed 
 Olympia. Wash., March 22, 1873, with a capitalization of $100,000, 
 divided into one thousand shares, held by the following trustees; 
 James S. Law.sou, R. G. O'Hrien. S. W. Percival and B. B. Tuttle of 
 Olympia. J. R. Robbins, T. A. Wright and T. S. Russell of Seattle. 
 C. H. Rothchild of Port Townsend, and John Lathan of Steilacoom. 
 The new organization rai.sed a slight disturbance on the Olympia end 
 „ . of Starr's mail line, but the opposition never amounted to much. 
 
 An interesting curio in the steamboat line appeared in British 
 Columbia waters in 1873. The craft was built and run on the 
 cooperative plan. One of her owners possessed a s<iuare-bnilt scow and the other a threshing-machine engine. 
 Consolidating their interests, they placed the engine on the scow, built a pair of sidewheels connected by chain 
 gearing, named the outfit Uiiii >i. and were ready for business. The engine was not provided with reversing 
 gear, con.sequently the steamer only ran straight ahead, and in mak- 
 ing a landing she drifted in .slowly like a Canadian Pacific Royal Mail 
 steamship, and, by the aid of a line and a pike pole, warped in to the 
 landing. In getting away from the dock, the pike pole and a long 
 sweep were used to head her in the right direction. This novel craft 
 
 changed hands tiuite frequently, finally ending her days in the service JttbklH^ . 
 
 of the Moodyville Mill Company, who operated her until she became 
 
 .so tender that it was customary to put a stout chain around the ^^^ 
 
 engine and attach a line and buoy, so that it might be located if ^K^MOt • 
 
 it should happLii to drop through the bottom while making a trip. 
 Several well known British Columbia captains bad charge of the 
 
 CAI'T. jAMIi8 UlI.L 
 
 '" Robert K. Kil.i;ore. tMi^ineer. was horn in New Orleans in i.S-j.s. After 
 the elose of the war he served a Ihrcf.' years' apprciuiceshij) in the shops at New 
 Orleans and then vnr on the river l')eiween Crescent City and Slirevesporl. 
 He snt)se<inently went to I'rovidenee, R. I., wliere he workeil in the shops and 
 on tn^l)oats until 1K72, when he came to the Paeific Coast. He was lirst employed 
 as assistant engineer on the old steamship /'c/iKiii rnninnf^ to Ilnmholdt liay. He 
 left her and went to Coos Hay. where he seenrerl a position as en>;ineer <m the 
 tun /•'(■i(//»'«. rnnninn with her for seven years, uinler Captains lintler, Hntehins 
 and Hill, allernatinj; oeeasionally from the /'etir/t'ss to the tn>^s /iiinhmn an<l 
 A/iin'/<iiii/. He left the /•i'i(/7<'*v ahont two weeks liel'oreslie was lost. He jilaeed 
 the ntaehiner\- in the steamer ^'*'('.v A'l/r, anil, after making the trial trip, went to 
 the Sitlilliie ami .1/es.iiiii;cr. wliere he remaiiieil for three years. In 1SS2 he 
 visited the Colnmhia River, overhanleil the machinery on the it'ritt'riil <nVfiJii 
 for the llwaeo Steam Navigation Company and wtu-ked as engineer for tifleen 
 months, leaving; her to ^o on Simpson's tnj; llttiilt'i on Shoalwater Hay ami 
 Gray's Harbor, serving three and one-half \ears with Capt. I,. l*reem;in. On his 
 relnrn to San I'rancisco he joined the steamer I\>int . hi/ur and snhseijnently 
 
 the /\ir-(it/<-nii and jXtjyti and various other steamers ami tn)j[s, the last ljeui>^ the Cait. (iiu>Ht;K oki.n 
 
 steamer /\'tsoliili\ with which he is still ronnecteil. 
 
 '■ John C. I'^llsworth was born in New jersey in 1S61, be^an running ont of .New York City in i,S(i9 as purser on a S.r. 
 steainshij) and also served for a short time on tlie ICast River. He arrivetl on the I'acifie Co.ast in 1S71 and joined the ■ 
 Sal/ilili- Bt Coos Day. remaining with her four years as deckhaml, ])ilot and engineer. He was fireman and eiifjiiieer 
 steamer Aft'.^srni^er until she burned. an<i afterward hehl these positions on the steamers Myi Ue ami /ierthit for one and tint 
 respectively, and also on the tn;;s /•Voili-.ss and /isKU/ Xn. 1 . He went lo ,San Francisco with the latter in i,S,S2 and since I' 
 been emjjioyed on a number of tnj^s on the bay. He lilted out the Polphin and was master ami engineer of the lujj Annii \ 
 four years. He has also served as chief engineer of the Fivlir, A'li/,' and Tniii^il, having been connected with the last im 
 lug diiritif^ the past four and one-half years. 
 
 iniiili 
 .niier 
 II the 
 vears 
 a lias 
 civcr 
 ■cineil 
 
W: 
 
 zing tlie Coos 
 inety-one feet 
 •/■ was a good 
 and by Capl. 
 )re,"' engineer, 
 ity, l)iit a few 
 The .S,i/W//fr. 
 mpire City to 
 i-er a distance 
 igineer. The 
 3od passenger 
 t one steamer 
 ;hicli for over 
 I slie was not 
 1 the Nanaimo 
 at Port Madi- 
 thirty-two feel 
 :r Zephyr was 
 iipaiiy, formed 
 n of Siiio,ooo. 
 ving trustees: 
 1. B. Tiittle of 
 iell of Seattle. 
 Df Steilacooiii. 
 ; Olynipia end 
 to much, 
 red in British 
 1 run on the 
 ichine engine, 
 cted by chain 
 ith reversing 
 
 on a SiP 
 
 ill nail 
 
 i-.l the ■ 
 
 ;imer 
 
 Kint'iT 
 
 11 the 
 
 ml tliri 
 
 vcars 
 
 since \.\- 
 
 11 has 
 
 Annu' ! 
 
 over 
 
 asl-uu 
 
 Mineil 
 
 Willamette River Locks Completed, Charter Rates of the Lumber Fleet 
 
 209 
 
 i'liioii, ;i: long theni George Marchant, George Odin,'' and A.sbury Insley. Many lives had been lest by steamboat 
 ex|)losii'ii> in Btilish Columbia waters during the preceding decade, and the Government at last decided on a 
 
 stringen: precaution, passing a law in iS;,^, taking effect in 1874, which allowed steamers to carry not to exceed 
 one luinlrcd pounds of steam. The I'nited States revenue cutter W'vaitda, well known in the Northwest for 
 
 many years, was condemned and sold in San Francisco in November 
 for $17,000, her place being filled by the O/iicr llWco//. built at the 
 Bay City at an expense of $,So,ooo. The W'olivl/ is one hundred and 
 thirty-seven feet long, twenty-three feet beam, and ten feet hold, with 
 a single engine thirty-four by thirty-four inches. She has been in 
 service in the Northwest almost continuously since her completion, 
 and in iSs6 enjoyed the distinction of making the largest opium 
 seizure ever reported, .securing over three thousand pounds from the 
 Idalio. She was for many years in charge of Captain Hooper, and 
 M. G. Marsilliot" was connected with her engineering department 
 for a long time. 
 
 The ocean traffic between Portland and Sound ports had 
 dwindled so perceptibly that the Oregon Steamship Company with- 
 drew their steamers Gussie Telfair and California and put them in 
 the Alaska trade, where they were also operating the deor^e S. 
 JFrii;///. The (iiissie Telfair was hauled out at Laing's yard in 
 \'ictoria, -"^ired at an expense of $10,000, and then sent to Portland 
 to lay up, irst Officer V.. J. Moody" remaining in charge. The 
 Prince Alficd »vas unmolested on the Victoria route, and Holladay 
 had everything his own way with the 
 A jaw Oriflamme and folm /.. Sle/>liiiis, 
 running between San Francisco and Port- 
 land. In 1873 the schooner-rigged barge 
 /ii/ia. sailing out of Portland, performed 
 
 a feat which had hitherto been considered impossible. She left Portland in June 
 
 with a cargo of lumber, and, with the aid of lines piid sails, ascended the Cascades 
 
 ■Hid reached Tlie Dalles. The sailing fleet, which in the past few years had suffered 
 
 >C'riously through the inroads made in its busine.ss by the steamships, appeared to 
 
 regain some of its lost prestige in 187,1. when C. I). Morrison & Co. established the 
 
 Star Line of fast sailing vessels between San F'ranci.sco and Portland, operating the 
 
 harks Wilier 'won and .Superior, schooners //. /-. Tiernan, Parallel. Muriel la and 
 
 OiCiXH l\arl, and the brig L. P. Foster. In the same trade were the barks Rival. 
 
 I'rcc I'lade, Osinyn. .l/ari^inel Croel-anI r.nd Ahnalia. barkentines .Melaiiellion, Emma 
 
 AufUiUi. Webfool and droee Roberls, biigs OrienI, Perpelua and h'ooloa. schooners ^^^,^ j.. . ji„o„^. 
 
 M. r,. Maks 
 
 •Cipl. Ciioine Oilin, tlie pioneer anions swift water naviKalors of British CoUiiuliia, was born in New York City in 18^7. 
 McLaine Wist in 185.S ami saileil the scliooner .Sea Foam oil the Soniiil. lie afterward inovei! to Hritisli Coliiiiiljia and has since 
 served oil .ill the navigable waters in the jiroviiiee. In 1S75 he took ooiiiiimnd of the steamer ^/V/// on the Stiekeeii River, and 
 niilarfor two seasons. He also handled the steamers (^eelriiJe and ilittlei .llasiaii on thai stream. During the eonstrnclion 
 ns'llie Caii.iiliaii I'acifio Kailway. he was in charge of the lin/nije and U'e.<leni .Slope on the I'raser Uiver and was snhsecinently on 
 till- C.iiu.ii and (ileiiora two seasons each, lieiiiH l""t owner of the latter vessel. In 1S.S7 he took the Kelitvue. then on the lower 
 Iraser, ami afterward had conimaml of the (iloilvs and />elii:eaie. In September, uS.So, iie was sent to the Skeena River to make 
 cxpIor,niniis for the Hudson's Day Coni|iaiiy, and to report as to the possibilities of iiaviication on that stream, .\fter his reUirn he 
 waseiiiiiloyt.d by llie same company to bnild the steamer Caleiliniiii to be used on the .Skeena River. The keel w. is laid December 10, 
 iN»i, and the steamer launched in t'ebriiary. iSiji. Iler dimensions were : leiiHth. one hundred feet : beam, twenty-four feet ; depth 
 nf oM, five feel. Iler cylinders were sixteen by seventy two inches. The initial mil. from the month of the river to Port I^ssington, 
 .1 distance of one hundred and e;;;lily miles, was made May ist with a heavy cargo of freight. The river had been prononncecl 
 iimiavigable. and snch a trip was deemed ;in impossibility. i*ort I*;ssiiigton is f\illy one hundred and fifty miles beytnid the ])oinl of 
 previous iiavigalion. Nine ilays were consiinieil in reaching her ilestiiiatioii, and in some places she was compelled to fairly 
 ^'iaee/.e lici w;iy between the rocks. Mr. Ilatherly. at jiresent engineer on the Colnmbia vS; Kootenai Navigation Company s 
 steamers on the upper Colnniliia, was in charge of the engines on this trip. Capt.iiii Odin made two successful voyages before high 
 water and tlien turned the steamer over to his son I'raiik, who ran her during the rest of the season. Captain ("lilin has 1101 been on 
 tile river for some time and is at present living at New Westminster. 
 
 'M t». Marsilliot. engineer, was born in I'lnclid. Ohio, in iS^v and > '>:niiienceil his marine career on the tVreat Lakes. IMiring 
 llie Civil \\ ,ir lie was connected with the navy in the Mississippi sipiadron, ami al the close of the Rebellion was transferred to the 
 revfinie service. He w.is with the A'iel/iird A'/rv// for three years as first assistant engineer, ami for the same length of time 011 the 
 iV.'.-'o- //,>/,i,'//. reluniing from her to the A'mli for four years. lie was then attached to the /fiiillev in San Franeiseo harbor, going 
 from her ii> the TlwiittU Coe:ein. where he remained a year, and was again transferred to the A^tfsli. where he was engaged iiiilil the 
 lime of Ills tU-ath. which occurred at I*ort Townsend early in 1845. 
 
 "Cipt. 1;. I. Moody was born in Thomaston, Me., in 1S44. and came to rortland about 1870. .After leaving the (.«.v.(;V 
 /'//1//VI1C secured a position as mate on one of the upper Willamette steamers, and was sciou promoted to a cajitaincy, serving on 
 'lie/:'. A'. i'ooi\ ll'eleoiiie and other si' aiiiers. When the Oregon Steam .Navigation Company absorbed the Willamette lines, 
 Mooily vva- transferred to the lower river and served on the /'.imiia IfoyuoiJ, Dixie '/'lioinpioa . ami several other well known boats, 
 ;wvni); til, ■cnnpany's empl.iy to fill the position of branch pilot 011 tile Columbia and Willamelte rivers. When the I'liion Pacific 
 'ilil.iiiieil I iirol of the pilotage on the river, he made a few trips in comniaml of the U'ilinini;lon, but, after nearly l's'''ig lui 
 ill a lerriti'. g:de, resigned and acted as jiilot for her on the river between .Astoria and Portland, following this work until June, 
 IN.I. «lu' lie dieil suddenlv from an attack of heart disease. 
 
 i'l;- 
 
 i''' 
 
 
 I'' 
 
 I'i'T h 
 
 5(1 ■ >'. 
 
 
 . I 
 
4, ! 
 
 .11! 
 
 1 *■ 
 
 2IO 
 
 Lewis cf Drydun's Marine History of the Paoific Northwest 
 
 OlYxiiiiid!/. Gohima and Hcnu The latter vessel, previous to its arrival at Portland, enjoyed a worlduidc fanu- 
 through having as mate the IJarl of Aberdeen, for whom scores of detectives were searching in every tdiiier of 
 ihe globe. He was drowned from the Hera soon after she left Australia for the Pacific Coast, and his iciciititv 
 was not known to his companions on the schooner until some time after his death. 
 
 The wheat- fields of Oregon and Washington were producing crops which could no longer be haiiilled hy 
 the few vessels which in former years had comprised the grain fleet. Among the foreign -bound vessels sailing 
 from tlie Columbia River in 1873 were the /./(•«/(•«((«/ .V(f«;_r, J'/flc/ieis, ()/<i_i;o. H'itidcnncir, l-.dith, Cily of Pari,, 
 Spirit of /In- /),i:,/i, 'fliercMi licliii, Romeo, Lord of the /s/es, />iseo, /•'ife.s/iire. Smi/tt Rosa, /■:sk-dal,\ /■:/,; lr<i, 
 J/o rill/Ill, . I //oo, Daiid Rro-.fii, /'rofessor Ariey, Cupwa/cr, lianacoola. Cariboo. Norlhumbria. I'ieloria Cross. 
 (iemii/i, 7'iimak\i. Ilermuia. I'clix .Mendelssohn. Illiovic. J'enani;. Conadienne, \\'liillini;lon. .Soroli .Scotl. .U/i/,//esr\. 
 Ros;.e/l .Sproi^iie. /^iiri/nn and Conjidenee. The bark Clara Louise, purchased by Portland parties, who renamed 
 her the .^/allie .Uaeleay. was operated in the Sandwich Island trade in command of Captain Forbes, wlu) was 
 succeeded on the barkentiney(j«<- . /. /■aH.rnbern by Capt. J. A. Brown, now a prominent business man of Portland. 
 Brown celebrated his first trip by sailing the old craft from Honolulu to Astoria in fourteen days. Thebarkentine 
 Por/land was launched at Coos Bay, August 23d. Captain Gage took command and ran her in the coasting 
 trade. The /'or/land was 468 tons net register, one hundred and si.\ty-one feet long, thirty-five feet beam, and 
 thirteen feet hold. .She is still operated as a coaster by one of her original owners, Capt. A. M. Simi)soii of San 
 Francisco. The schooner fleet running to Coos Bay in 1873 included the Leanlioe. R'illie Stevens, Couamiia. 
 Alaska. Paeific. Pelma, Selina. Fannie .1. Hyde, Lirj~.ie Derby, fennie Tlielin. Glen .-trni. Good Templar, Liniui. 
 .Irago, Meldon, F.lida, Parallel, B. Jf. Ramsdale. Pig River and Loleta. Craney's sliipyard at Utsahulv tnrned 
 
 out the fine schooner .yfodoi . which 
 
 j I is still sailing up and down the 
 
 I ' coast. The Modoe is one hundred 
 
 and seventy-two feet long, lliirty-si.x 
 and one-half feet beam, with twelve- 
 feet hold, registering 429 tons. She 
 is at present owned by A. 1,. Piper of 
 San Francisco. The schooner t lara 
 Light, built at Steilacooni a few- 
 years before, was sold in San h'ran- 
 ' cisco for i^S,5oo and put in tlic Coos 
 Bay trade. Capt. H. H. I.loyd sold 
 I the schooner Winnifred and pur- 
 I chased a half interest in the sclioonir 
 I General Ifarney. The W i 11 nifrid 
 \ took the place of the pilot-boat 
 Sabina, operated by \'ictoria pilots 
 The schooner Lottie was chartered by 
 Capt. Rufus Calhoun, Peter Tlionip 
 son and John L. Butler, and nsed as 
 a pilot-boat. The old bark Glimpse, which had remained a wreck for many months on Clover Point, \ictoria, 
 was afterward fitted up and ran for thirteen years in the San Francisco and Puget Sound trade. She was sold in 
 July, 1S73, for $12,000 and wen*^ to New Zealand, where she was registered under the Briti.sh flag. T!ie bark 
 fennie Pitts, Captain Blinn, completed a remarkable record, making nine consecutive round trips from October 25, 
 1.S72, to November 15, 1873, between Puget Sound and ,San Francisco, in twenty-two, thirty-one, twenty-nine, 
 forty-four, twenty-eight, twenty-seven, thirty, thirty-.seven and twenty nine days respectively. The .sliip 
 Wihhoood, a Puget Sound built vessel, also made a notable run in 1873, in command of Captain Frost, sailing 
 from San Francisco to Burrard's Inlet in five days, thence with lumber to Melbourne in forty-nine (la>s, from 
 there in three days to Newcastle, where she loaded coal, and then made the voyage back to San I'r.iiicisco, 
 with twenty-two feet draft, in fifty-seven days. While charters in some cases were considerably higher in earlier 
 years, yet the record of the Puget .Sound and Burrard's Inlet lumber fleet for 1873 seems large indeed compared 
 with the low rates of the present day. This fleet and the prices secured were as follows: To Peruvian ports: 
 Rainier, 499 tons, from Port Gamble, $27.00; Oeean Lxpress. 1,495, railroad ties, $31.00; Lli-abeth kimbull. 
 994, from Port Gamble, $28.00 gold. To Callao : Sophia /'., 749 tons, from Burrard's Inlet, $31.0.1: IWllaii: 
 1,188, from Puget .Sound, owner's account; Reine dii .Monde, 941, Burrard's Inlet to Callao, $24.00 ; .SV. .hiloiiif. 
 397, from Tacoma, $25.00; Dashing ]Va~vc. 1,054, ffo"' Tacoma, $20.00; Clweola, 275, from Colund)ia River 
 $26.00 gold. To Iqnique : Andre, 286 tons, from Burrard's Inlet, $25.00 gold ; Antioeh, 646, from Port M.idison, 
 $26.00 ; Espeeiilador. 277, from Puget Sound, $28.00 ; Marie Charlotte, 369, from Burrard's Inlet, $23 uo ; /;/ 
 Dorado. 1,148. from Puget .Sound, $25.00. To .Shanghai: FJ Dorado. 1,148 tons, from Burrard's Inle! Sjo.oo 
 Mexican ; I^eacon. 423, from Puget Sound, $28.00 Mexican ; Chieftain. 625, from Burrard's Inlet, $30.00 ^l xicaii: 
 Windward, 782, from Columbia River, $30.00 Mexican ; Springfield, 1,047, ^i^om Port Gamble, $31.25 -M \ican : 
 
 Stk.amer " OHIO" 
 
 iU 
 
i t. 
 
 Willamette River Locks Completerl, Chartur Rat'^s of thu Lumber Flfft 
 
 211 
 
 lI'iMu ■/, 1,1199, from Burrard's Inlet, 5,^i."o Mexican ; Marmion, ,S2.v from Krceport. Ji2S.o() Mexican; hia /•". 
 TovliM. 021, from lUirrard's Inlet, jS2f).oo. To Melbouriif : ./.-((, 454 tons, from Hurrard's Inlet, S.V^'Oo gold; 
 lhtlm^,i'i!(\ 1,257, froiw Burrard's Inlet, ,{,'6 ; \\'<tsliiiif;loii l.ibby. i,i)4.S, from I'tsalady, $2.s.()f); Sampson, -1^2, 
 from I'aget Sound, /"s ' Monnnitk, 2,Si, from Puget Sound, /,'5 ; Legal 'I'tiidrr, 2ni, from Burrard's Inlet, /Vi ; 
 Edwai'i fames, 529, from Burrard's Inlet, owner's account ; A'alioii's Hope. -(ih, from Burrard's Inlet, ,/,'5 7s. 6d ; 
 SoiHn I'hayer, 206, from Puget Sound, ,{,'5 los ; .Iniie, 62,S. from Burrard's Inlet. jC.^ : Columbia, 991, from 
 liiirranl's Inlet, /s ><«• To other Australian ports: ('. L. Taylor, T,(n) tons, Burrard's Inlet to New Zealand, 
 /Yi; Amelia, ;,97, Burrard's Inlet to Sydney, /'s ; Montana, 651. Burrard's Inlet to Adelaide, ,/,'5 los. To Hong- 
 kong; lokatea, 938 tons, from Utsalady, #30.00; Ahleii Hesse, ,842, from Puget Sound. 5iX.ooo Mexican (gro.ssj; 
 lconii(m,bUn, from Puget Sound, S^o.fX) Mexican; Jane Sands, 631, from Burrard's Inlet, owner's account. 
 To Moliiido and Arica : Crusader, 635 tons, railroad ties, from Puget Sound, 1^20.50 ; Harrison, 327, railroad ties, 
 from I'liget Sound, 520.00; Das/iing Wave. 1.054, railroad ties, from Puget Sound. 52100 gold; Oregon. 888, 
 Seabcck to Arica, $25.1x1 gold ; W'hillier. 1,295, Burrard's Inlet to Arica. $25 50 gold. To other ports : Niagara, 
 1,3(10 tons, .spars, Port Blakely to Cork ; Nnero Honiihiuen, 450, Port I^udlow to Buenos Ayres, $32.00 ; 
 Ihewslcr. 350, Utsalady to Amoy, $27,110 Mexican : Liinalilo, 449, Port Gamble to Shanghai, $29.50 Mexican; 
 .Ulnimbra, [,097, Utsalady to Shanghai, $28.00 Mexican. Twenty-four of these cargoes were supplied by 
 llastin>;s' Mill at Port Moody, and included 13,356,478 feet of lumber and 802.320 lath. 
 
 Tilt mysterious disappearance of the steamship George S. Wright was the only marine disa.ster of much 
 importance in 1873, although the steamer linterprisc from Gardiner 
 for Portland was wrecked near Umpqua bar, P'ebruary 20th, and the 
 schooner Hobotink at the same place in October. The schooner 
 Mcldoii, lum1)er-ladeii from Gardiner for San Francisco, was also 
 wrecked on the bar March i6th. The bark Ahnatia was dismasted 
 in a Rale in November, taken to X'ictoria and refitted at an expense of 
 .several tliou.sand dollars. She then loaded lumber at Burrard's Inlet 
 for Ausiralia. On her way out she ran a.shore on the island at the 
 entrance to Plumper's Pa.ss, and was .so badly damaged that she was 
 .sold at auction for $1 ,300. 
 
 The death roll for 1873 included : Captain Ella, the well known 
 Hudson's Bay captain, who was drowned at Burrard's Inlet, February 
 17th; Capt. John V. Witt of the schooner Winged Raeer, drowned 
 
 .It Seattle, November 5th, while attempting to board his ve.s.sel at V'f-'TW'^^^^^^^f^^m^^ ^ 
 
 niglit ; and Capt. George Thomas of the schooner . Alaska, drowned 
 while en route from San FVanciseo to Rogue River. Capt. .Mexander 
 Dodge, who came to the Columbia in 1850, and in early days was 
 master of the schooner Matthew Vassar, died in Portland, November 
 :6th ; and Capt. S. B. Kinney, well known among the pioneer sailing 
 masters on Puget Sound, passed away in San F'rancisco. 
 
 An innovation in Willamette River steamboating was witnessed 
 in 1S74. when the steamer Ohio made her appearance at Portland. 
 She was built by Capt. U. B. Scott,'' a practical steamboatman, who 
 h.id recently arrived from the Ohio River. Captain .Scott was not 
 overbiinlcned with wealth, and endeavored to secure employment on some of the .steamers of the People's 
 
 Cipt. r. I! .Scott was liorii in Dliio in 1.S27, luid CDiiiineiiccd steainho.itiiiR in 1S59 on tlie Ohio River. He l)uiU tlio 
 -iik'« lacl slcanicr /.;7i', following licr with the I'itloi .\'o. /, a sternwheelcr one liundreil ami ten feet lonj;. I'ieli'r \o. _>, one 
 liiniilriil anil tliiriy live feet loni;, anil /Vi/oj- .\'(>. ,'. one hundred and thirty-live feet lony lie then lion^lit tlie steamer / hi/Zhi' 
 Irom tin- 1 Government, remodeled her. and named her the / 'icior .V,). /. ,Slie was two hundred feet linij; by tliirty-two feet beam. He 
 Mil)sei|tK'ntly owne<l the steamers A*. //. /itimhivn and tyhii/es /niwert, and eonstrueted the Ifrn (iavlorti. which he ran from 
 I'orlsniinnh to I'arkersville. .\fter the i'iitoi .\\>. / he launched the steamer /.isihlu'ooii, a one hundred and forty fool boat, which 
 'Irew Imi liKht inches of water. .She ran on the lower Mississippi and Red rivers. Reluming to Cincinnati, he built the steamer 
 l-liesiif<i\i(,\ a very fast sidewheeler. which he ran for two years and then solil, afterward eoinpletiuH the steamer Fasliion, with 
 wliicli lie I arried the mail until the fall of i.S?,?. when he disposed of her ami went to (Irenou. His first venture in the Northwest 
 was tile steamer Ohio, a craft which create,! much unfavorable connnent before the ability of her designer was demonstrated. 
 .\ssocialtd with Captain .Scott in the (Viitt were Samuel lirowu and I,. 1!. Seeley. The olid-looking craft was a success from the 
 sl.irt. ole.irinji ten thousand dollars during the first three months after ^^oinj; into service ,'ind furnishin,i; her owners with the means 
 tobuilil ihc Ci/v oi Satem. Captain .Scott followeil this steamer with the /-'/eelit'ood. which probably cost the Oregon Railway .S: 
 N:ivij;ali-,ii Company more in the wav of loss of business than any other three boats which were ever pitted aj^ainst tJiem. She was 
 iulciulfil lor the Cascade route, to conuect with the steamer (^elil l'>iist for The Dalles, but the Cold Dust was sold, and he ran the 
 /•'/(■*7r< '.'(>/ 10 .Astoria. During the past fifteen years this steamer and her successors Inive enjoyed a more lucrative traflic than any 
 nf the iiilicr steamers on the lower Columbia. In i.S.^'3 Captain Scott built the 'J'ele/ilioiie, a boat which made a record for speed on 
 tile .\stiiii:i route that has never been eiiualed, covering the distance between Portland and .Astoria in four hours thirty-four and 
 one-hall nunutes. The original Tilephone was destroyed by fire in iiSS;, and from her ruins arose the steamer which now bears that 
 U'Uiie. A (cw -ears a^o Captain Scott constructed the Fiver, which, in the year iSi)4. traveled a Kreater number of miles than any 
 other riv.r or Sound steamer in the world. She was rnnniuK between Seattle and Tacoma. making four round trips a day. While 
 Captain ^M'ott has met with many reverses in the business, he has always had the re])Utation of hein^ a hard fi;.jliler and enjoys the 
 I'onruleiir,. of the traveling public. The steamers in whicli he is interested have been operated durinjj the jiast few years under the 
 tiiaiiagcita lit of the Columbia River it ru){et .Sound Transportation Company, Captain .Scott beinj; president of IJiat corporaliou 
 which ow iis the lioiley C'alzerl and Telephone on the Columbia, and the Flyer and Fleel:oood on l'u(,'et Sound. 
 
 Cait. I'. H. Scott 
 
 i 
 
 ■i 
 
 kft 
 
 •« 
 
 ilt' 
 
 •I 
 
rm 
 
 III : 
 
 I 
 
 It 
 
 212 
 
 Lewis «J Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Transportation Company and of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company. The managers of these companies 
 were inclined to lie skeptical in regard to his abilities, and wonld not employ him. I'ndisniayed by tlii.s lack 
 of appreciation, Scott interested two or three Portlanders, secnrcd some machinery from an old dredge, ami 
 proceeded to bnild the Ohio, Wk first "light-draft" steamer in the Northwest. The steanilioatmen who liad 
 underestimated his talent watched the progress of the steamer and i)ityingly informed his financial Kacktrs 
 that their experience wonld not be costly, as they would not lose much more than they proposed to inn im,, 
 the ves.sel, as she was going to be a cheap affair. The steamer made her initial trip December 12, 1H7.1, jrojuj, 
 up the river light as far as Mugene City on a draft of eight inches. At Kugene she loaded seventy tons of 
 wheat and returned to Portland, where on arrival the man who had surmounted innumerable difficulties in 
 securing money enough to build his new steamer found that he could then command unlimited capital 
 to construct any kind of steamboat he desired. The Ohio was a grand success and fairly coined money Ironi the 
 start, as no other boat on the river could approach within forty miles of the ui>per Willamette points wliidi she 
 could easily reach. Captain Scott worked economically, and many features of construction gave the Ohio an odd 
 appearance. Her pitnians were made of gas pipe, and, when subjected to a severe strain, .sometimes bent, making 
 it impossible to move the wheel, and a number of collisions with docks resulted. She had a " wooden wheel, ' the 
 segments of wood being intended to hold it firmly in lieu of iron circles. When hard pressed the.se sefjmcnts 
 fre(iuently dropped out, followed by other portions of the wheel, stopping the steamer and causing the ul)ii|nitous 
 Scott to sing out to the mate, " That damn wheel has broken adrift again ; lower a boat and catch it before il 
 gets too far astern." Captain Scott has always been regarded as a master in the art of profanity, and it is staled 
 that this proficiency was acquired while chafing under the delays cau.sed by the gas-pipe pitmans and wooden 
 wheel of the Ohio. The .steamer was one hundred and forty feet long, twenty-five feet beam, and three feet six 
 inches hold. When Captain Scott followed her with the City of Sa/cni, Capt. Sebastian Miller took command, and 
 in 1877 Ivrnest W. Spencer "' was in charge. Captains vSherman V. Short,'" John C. Gore,'" George Gore," and 
 
 "Capt. Ernest W. Spencer was born in Ohio in KS52, ami reeeived his lirst lessons in steanihoaliiig on Ihe Ohio River, wlicrc 
 his father was a well known steamboat master. In search of a new fielil in which to follow his profession, Captain Speaar 
 came to tlie Columbia about 1.S75, and ran on the steamer Cily n/' Sn/cin. Ilis thoron).;li steamboat knowledge enabled liim lo 
 rise rapidly from the ranks, and from the Willamette he went to the u])per Cohnnbia, rnnuing there and on .Snake River as pilot 
 with Capt. James \V. Troup, afterward taking command of steamers in that section. lie also served as master on the luidille 
 CoUunbia and l-'raser rivers for a short time. On relnrniug from the I'V.'i.ser he built the steamer (,'ii/i/ /hist above the C'lsoadts, 
 intending to ojjerate her in connection with the J'7t'e/a'00t/ on the lower river. Hefore the line was in oper,'iti(»n, however, Sptacer 
 received a good subsidy from the Oregon Railway S: Navigation Company ami laid the steamer up. lie then purchased the steamer 
 Sa/i'i/i and ran her for a short time on the upper Willamette, always lliuling profitable business, which secured libfral subsidies for 
 his withdrawal from the route. Whenever the Oregon Railway iS: Navigation Company failed to res]iond, ,Si)eucer either capluretl 
 all the tratTic or made il so unprofitable that they were ready to come to his lerms. lie put the Sali'fit on the Astoria nui. towinji 
 ships iu the busie.st part of the grain season, and, before the Oregon Railway ^: Navigation Company announced its willingness 10 
 give him ii share of the Willamette trade, they had lost over fifty thousand dollars iu towing vessels at rates dictated by Spencer. 
 Soon after this experience, Capt.ain Spencer sold the Saliiii to Capt. (leorge W. Taylor, and constructed the steamer ( 'liitfl, one of 
 the finest little propellers ever lanuched on the river. Not finding a suitable route 011 the Willamette or Columbia, be sent her to 
 I'uget Sound, and after running her a short time she w.as disposed of When the Oregon Railway S: Navigation Company cut olT 
 the subsidy on the d'o/i/ Dust, he sold her lo liortbwick S: Krain, who brought her to the lower river. Her trip over the i.'.iscailes 
 was the roughest ever made by any boat. The diminutive craft was lossetl about so rudely that the stay-bolts pulled tbroii^li tlit- 
 sheets of the firebox, scalding the engineer, Theodore Polls, so that he died shortly afterward. .After leaving the river, Captain 
 Spencer was appointed Chief of Police of the city of Portland and made an enviable record, carrying out the law so elfectuaiiy tliat 
 the criminal element used money unsparingly to remove him from oHice. .Since then he has devoted his lime to looking aiter liis 
 personal interests. 
 
 ''Capt. Sherman V. Short was born in Huttcvi'le, Or., in 1N56. and engaged in steamboaling 011 the steamer (Ww with 
 Captain Scott in i,S74. He served as a deckhand 011 the Funny I'allon, ( 'ilv of Solon, W'illaiiiiilc Cliic/ and Oicidcnl until iS", 
 and was male of the Salem for about two years, subsenuently filling a similar position on the Cily 0/ Qnhicy and // ilhiint'lli' Clii:/. 
 He next ran as pilot on the Uiritli nl, S. T. Cliuirh and ilonaiizu, leaving the latter to take comniaud of the . /. . /. MiUilh. 
 which he handled for about a year and then hail charge of the Otitnt, on which he remained for three years in the Corvallis Irailc 
 and afterward ran the Otxiiti'nl on the same route for a year. He left the employ of the Oregon .Steam Navigation Company al this 
 time, and piloted on the Oregon Pacific steamer Tlircf Sialfis for a few iiKuiths, snbse{|iiently coninianiling the .\". .S'. /.',«//< 1 I'nr 
 the same coinijany, with whom he served as master oil the Uilliiiiit M. Jlooi^ and 7'lirii- Si^lt-rs until SeiHeniber. iSyi, wtieii he 
 entered the employ of the Dalles, Portland it Astoria Navigation Company, taking charge of the /lallis Cily belwecn Porlliiid ami 
 the Cascades. He left this service in 1S94 and again went lo work for the Oregon Railway X: Navigation Comiiany. riiniiin,^ out ol 
 Portland on different steamers. Captain Short is a brother of Ca|il. W. P. Short and of the late Cajit. Marshall .Short, who was 
 accidentallv killed al Astoria a few years ago. He is a practical steamboatman in every respect and has always met with success 
 in his calling. 
 
 '" Capt. John C. Oore was born near Detroit, Midi., in 1S53, leaving his home at the age of fifteen to work on ve.s.sels iiiiiniiit' 
 out of Jlaniuette, on Lake Superior, and while so engaged piloted the first boat from Houghton through the canal lo the bike. He 
 was male of a tugboat at the age of sixteen, and while still a boy commanded the same vessel. He moved to Oregon in '^7;, am! 
 began sleainboating on the AVinvT as deckhand, remaining for a short time and then going to the (W/n, He had no dill "ily ill 
 working up in his profe.ssiim and was soon in charge of theCiovernnient snagboal Coivullis, which he ran for a iiumber of years, aiiil 
 snbsei|neiitly fitted out the new Ciovernment steamer Ciismi/is o/'l/ie Cohimbio and was her first master, his brother Charles uorkiiip 
 with him as engineer. While ill the service of the Cnited .Slates engineers he had charge of neirly all of their vessels nul was 
 always very successful. He left this employ to enter that of the Oregon Railway i\l Navigation Comiiany, taking comniaL-l of llif 
 steamer /^I'HiJw^ir. He was 011 the Willamette for several years, and for a lime handled the mail boats on the lower Ciliualiia. 
 When Captain Troup a.ssumed the niauagement of the Columbia S: Kootenai .Steam Navigation Company, he induced Capi .11 Oore 
 to go into their service and gave him llie captaincy of the finest boat, the Co/ii»iliia, and he still remains on the 11111 1 1 river. 
 where he has established a splendid reputation as a swift-water navigator. His success is in a large measure due to his fc.i 
 and good judgment in handling the steamers in his charge. .Since the burning of the Cnhiiiihia he has been in charge of t!; 
 
 ''Capt. ("leorge (lore was born in Detroit, Mich, in i.S.pS, and uuderlook his marine career at the age of fourteen 
 on the lakes as a cabin boy. He rose rap- 'ly from the ranks, and at llie age of seventeen was mate on a large propelle; 
 Huffalo and Chicago. He continued running there until iK-i, part of the time on sailing vessels, but principally em: 
 quarterniaster. mate and uiaster of steamers. In 1S71 he left Houghton. Mich,, for the Pacific Co.ist, am' on his ar'i* 
 Francisco ran for a short time on the .Sacramento River, and also engaged in barging wheat on the I'eathe- ver. He 
 shijiped as <iuartermaster on the old Paii/ii', anil, after making a few voyages, was appoiuteil second mate. 0..c trip in thi^ 
 
 essuess 
 
 lytlm. 
 
 Mirkiiig 
 eUveen 
 .veil as 
 ■ al San 
 ;erward 
 apacity 
 
Willamette River Lnvks Completed, Charter Rites of the Lumber Fleet 
 
 21.^ 
 
 cse cdiiipanlcs 
 (1 by tliis lack 
 :l (Ircdne, and 
 men wlio had 
 incial 1 lackers 
 L'd to put into 
 2, 1H7.1, going 
 L'vciily Ions of 
 diniciillies in 
 imited capital 
 oiiey Irotn the 
 iits whidi shi' 
 e 0/ii<' an oiKl 
 i bent, making 
 en wliucl, " tht 
 hese segments 
 the u1)ii|iiitoHs 
 ;ch it before it 
 !ind it is stated 
 ns and wooden 
 1 three feet six 
 coniniaiid, and 
 ge Ciore/'and 
 
 liio Kiver, wliere 
 
 Ciipliiin Spenar 
 
 ■ enabk'd him In 
 
 ke Kiver as piloi 
 
 -■r oil till- iniddlc 
 
 ivc tlie Cascadts, 
 
 lowever, Sptiicer 
 
 lased llie steamer 
 
 '■ral siilisidies far 
 
 r eillier citpliirtil 
 
 ■oria run. lowing 
 
 Is willingness to 
 
 eil l)y Spencer. 
 
 r ( 'titli'i-l. one of 
 
 , lie sent her to 
 
 !om|)aii\' out olT 
 
 .'er the Casi-atlcs 
 
 lleil through the 
 
 le river, Captain 
 
 ■ITeclnaily that 
 
 ooking after his 
 
 earner l^hio with 
 
 idt'iil until 1S7;. 
 
 illanuitr Chui. 
 
 A. .1. .U.Ciiln. 
 
 e Corvallis trade 
 
 Coiupanv at this 
 
 " ■ .S'. /;,«//( 1 for 
 
 r, iSyi, wlieii lie 
 
 en I'ortiaini and 
 
 runniii.ii out of 
 
 Short, who was 
 
 met with >ikce.>s 
 
 vessels lunuiii!; 
 to the hike. He 
 noil in 1^7,', am! 
 i no (lill!' iilty in 
 
 er of vi ;irs, and 
 Cliarle's workiiiK 
 
 vessels .mil was 
 coininai;'! of the 
 ower (.I'himhia. 
 eil Capt ai Gore 
 
 lie upii 1 river, 
 
 his fe.K'essness 
 ,'e of till- /.rllon. 
 urteeii. .vorkiiig 
 
 pelU; 
 
 lly em; 
 
 is ar'-i^ 
 
 He 
 
 ill tlii 
 
 ilweeii 
 yell as 
 at San 
 erwanl 
 ipacity 
 
 Hngiiu ; Cliarles K. Gore," were among her crew in early days, and the old craft furnished .sehoolinK for a large 
 iiumliei if Willamette River steamboatnien. She was followed in after years by many other finer light-draft 
 steaniM-. none of whicli, however, succeeded in making so much money 'm proportion to cost as the O/iw. 
 
 .'.niither Willamette steamer destined for a long and useful career was launched at Portland in 1S74 
 !iy J. !•' Steffen for the Willamette River Transiiortation Company, making her trial trip March j,',d. She 
 was call' li the tt'Miiii<//f C'/iiV/] and was intended to run through from the headwaters of the stream for whicli 
 she wa-- named to Astoria, where .some of her stockholders were interested in the Astoria Farmers' Wharf 
 Compaiiv . She left Corvallis on her first trip in March with two hundred tons of wheat and thirty pas.sengers, 
 receiviiii; one hundred and thirty more at Albany and Salem, nearly all of them farmers, who went through 
 to Aslmia with the wheat. Col. Joe Teal of the wharf company accompanied them, and on the way made a 
 speech, ill which he said that in the future the entire wheat crop of the Willamette Valley would be transported 
 from Corvallis to Astoria for four dollars per ton, and that all of the grain ships would load at that city. 
 The Oiii'/' was very strongly constructed and could carry a good-sized cargo on a comparatively light draft of 
 water. Capt. Charles Ilolman 
 and Kiii;iiieer John Marshall 
 were in charge on the first 
 trip, ami in the following 
 year Iv W. Haughman took 
 command. In December, 
 1S7S. lie ran her to the foot 
 
 of the Cascades, over a mile ^^^^^■^^^^■V!S9K(^"/7'l\v'::," ■ 'I 
 
 farther tip than any steamer 
 had yet been. l''ew who 
 were familiar with her move- 
 ments during the clo.sing 
 days of her career would 
 believe that the old craft 
 ever had lieen speedy, yet in 
 the first year of her existence 
 she participated in a spirited 
 race with the Oiieonia, easily 
 distancing t h e sidewheeler. 
 Captain Hatighinan remained 
 Ml charge of the steamer 
 until I.S71), when she came into the po.ssession of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, by whom she was 
 relniilt, and Capt. Henry Ivmken given command. He was .succeeded by Captains I'illsbury, IJailey,'' Haskell, 
 
 I ,!HM 
 
 STKA.MKH '■ WlLLAMKTTK CHIKF" 
 
 w.is enough for Ciore. anil lie left the sleaiiisliip in I'ortlanil to beniii steamlioatiiiK o" the Willaiiictte River. The old / iiiuv/air was 
 his first linat. Imt lie soon left her to K" as a decklianil oil tlie l/nvi'n/or (ho:ei\ then run by .-Varon Vieliers. When the /Ifiizyr 
 was built, (".ore went out as mate, leaving; her to enter the eiiiployineiit of the (Jre>;oii Steam Navigation Company on tile 
 upper Columbia. He came down to the niiiMle river after a few moiitlis anil joiiieil the old Tivr.vc;-, niiiler Capt. I'red Wilson, lie 
 iieM entered the service of the Willamette Locks sV Transportation Company oil the Sliosln»i(\ lie was subseiiueiilly mate 
 and jiilni nti the famous i)hio, ami later became eajitaiii of the (loveriiiiient sna^boat Corva/lis, He a^aiii joined the ( )rej.;oii Steam 
 NaviKitiou Company's boats on the iiliper river alter leaving the C.overnnient employ, and lias been at various times on all the 
 steamers of the upper river fleet and most of those on the middle river. When the big railroad bridj^e was erected at .Xiiisworlh 
 lie was put in cbarj^e of the boats and barges employed in transporting the rock for that .structure. He left the upper river in 1.SS4 to 
 l:ike oharv^c of the bii,^ transfer boat 'J\tro}iiti, used in ferrying Northern Pacific trains across tbe stream at Kalania. His ten years' 
 record iiii this steamer is all enviable one, ami from the iinie he commenced as mate on the lake schooner /((«<• Kitlslou, nearly a 
 third of a century ajjo, he has ilemonstrated that stubborn energy, backed by sound judgment and steady nerve, are belter elements 
 nl success in steamboatiiig than mere luck. 
 
 ■"Charles E. Core was born in MicbiKan in 1S51, and left in 1874 for Oregon by way of San l-'ranciseo. He bc>;aii 
 .stcamhoatinn on the Shoshone in the fall of iSfi4, goin)^ from her to the Ohio anil Cily 0/ Salem as tireinaii. He was next en),'a);eil 
 on the llt,t:ri\ with which he afterwards went to the Stickeen with Capt. Niit I.ane, and remained with her two years, first as second 
 engineer ,iiid subseipiently as chief. On relnriiinn to Oregon he worked on the steamers Oaiiteiil, Cily o/Sateiii, Tninirr, /.iuiolii, 
 l/iin,s! ('ii:-iii,y,>liii Gii'/fs, /). S. />\ii-fi; .\'i)iih:,u:sl, OiSuu/tS o/lhi- Coliimbia, and snagboat Corvol/is, fillinj; the position of chief 
 engineer lor over fifteen years. He is at jnesent in charge of the engines of the Northern Pacific transfer boat 'J'iuo)iiii, liavii:;' been 
 coinft'cted with her almost continuously since his brother Capt. (leorge t'.ore took coinniand. 
 
 ■ i.'apt. Lester .\. Hailey was born in Canaan, Conn., in 1850, and has been engaged in the marine business for over tweiitv 
 years. His first work on the Columbia and Willamette rivers was with the little steamer Maria U'itkim. He afterward entered the 
 service I'l the Oregon Steam Navigation Conii>any and their successors, the Oregon Railwav sS: Navigation Company. While in that 
 employ. Captain Hailey rose from the rank of ileckhand to that of port captain, in which position, owing to his thorough and 
 practical knowledge of steamboatiiig, his administration was higlily successful. He was i|uick to recognize merit in his employees, 
 and prniiirttioiis, where deserved, were ipiickly made as soon as he took charge. When the t'nion Pacific absorbed the water lines 
 ol the 1 111 j;c)ii Railway & Navigation Comiiany, Captain Bailey retired from 'he service and was instrnmental in organizing the 
 I'ortlaiii! .V Coast Steamship Company, and started otit under very flattering ciuiimstances. He took command of the steamer 
 " tllal',1 iml handled her on the coast route as long as the company was in existence, meeting with fully as great a degree of success 
 IS he h : I enjoyed in his river steamboating. While in the employ of the Oregon Raihv.ay sSi Navigation Company, he commanded 
 the big -! liwheeler Olyiitfiian, the first through boat on the Portland and Ilwaeo route. His success with tliis steamer, as well as 
 
 Ills popu; 
 
 ste.uiier i 
 tile steal! 
 *teamei . 
 Compaii 
 
 irity with the traveling jniblie, induced the Ilwaeo Railway & Navigation Company to secure his services as jiilot on the 
 ■ lan ll'(ur when she commenced running on the seaside route. He left this employ, and, with John Marshall, chartered 
 ' r //assalo, wliicfi they operated on the Cascade route for a few months. Finding the route iiniirofitable. they gave up the 
 
 id Captain Hailey lias since had command of several difTerent .steamers owned by the Oregon Railway ^: .Navigation 
 
 and, in every position he has filled, has acquitted himself in a highly creditable manner. 
 
 I ' 
 
 li - 
 
 ! 1 
 
 i 1 
 
 t '■} 
 
 m\}' 
 
 4 |t 
 
 ! ,(jl: 
 
 !^.M4 
 
ai4 
 
 Lewis cj Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific /Northwest 
 
 Larkins," Kindred, Pope, Turner, and others. Before the completion of the railroad bridge at Portland she was 
 transferring passengers from Ash Street Dock to the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company's teniiiniis, ami 
 since then has l)een used mostly as a towboat. .She was again rebuilt a few years ago, but was destroyed l)y firt 
 at the boneyard in Portland in ,September, 1H94. The dimensions of the CAie/ were: length, one hundred and 
 sixty-three feet ; beam, thirty-one feet ; depth of hold, six feet ; eugines, twenty by sixty inches. 
 
 With the completion of the locks at Oregon City a number of corporations were organized to liaiidk- the 
 wheat crop of the Willamette Valley. The Columbia & Willamette Barge Company was incorporated at .Vstoria 
 in July by Col. Joe Teal, George W. Warren, 1). K. Warren, J. H. V. Gray, John Hobson, S. D. Adair. H, S. 
 Shuster and S. N. Arrigoni. The capitalization was $30,000, .shares $100 each. They built two bargus of 850 
 tons each. The first, the Coliimhh Chief, launched at .Steffen's yard in November, carried on her iiiili.il trip 
 767 tons of wheat to Astoria. The Astoria Farmers' Wharf Company was incorporated by some of llu- same 
 stockholders. Joe Teal was president, D. K. Warren, vice-president, and ,S. U. Adair, .secretary and iriMsurer. 
 With the addition of the Willamcltc Chivf, the Willamette River Navigation Company was well equipped for 
 business and became quite aggressive. They started the Beaver on the Astoria route, the (io:r>iior Gnnvr tn 
 
 Corvallis, the Willamelk Chief to 
 Albany, and the Shoshone to the 
 Yamhill River, unfortunately Insiii); 
 the latter steamer near .Salfiii in 
 November. The Oregon .Steam 
 Navigation Company did not view 
 with favor the advent of the ileanr 
 in territory which they looked upon 
 as their own. As a result they Imilt 
 the steamer Weleoiiie to assist lien 
 Holladay's Senator on the Oregon 
 City line, and Holladay sent the F.. 
 N. Cook above the falls to reinforce 
 the J'aniiy Pa/Ion, .l/iee, Albaiiy, 
 Pavloii and Siieeess. The new com- 
 pany afterward put the Chief on the 
 Astoria route, and competition ran 
 high for a while, steamboat racing 
 being extensively indulged in. result- 
 ing in .serious collisions iK'twicn tlic 
 /leaver and the linima //iir:eard, 
 and the Chief and the fosie MeKcar. 
 While the opposition lasted, rates 
 were cut to one dollar for passengers 
 and the same rate per ton for freight 
 from Portland to Astoria. The Weleome, a small steamer which the Oregon Steam Navigation Company added 
 to their fleet in 1S74, was launched at Portland, and made her trial trip July 4th. Capt. W. H. Smith was given 
 command, and the following year Capt. George J. Ainsworth"' ran her on the Kalama route. When set afloat the 
 steamer contained the engines from the Fannie Troup, but in 1S76 they were replaced with those from the 
 
 Skatti.k, Wash., in is;t 
 
 1^ ' 
 
 Ai 
 
 I 1^1 
 
 "C:ipt. William E. I.arkins wa.s bom in Rcntoii County, Or., in 1S57, coninieiiceil sleanilioaliiiK between OreKon Cily ami 
 Corvallis on the .-///(>' in 1S74, and has been continuously enga^e<t in the business since that time. lie was in the einiiloy of the 
 Oregon Steam Navigation Company and its successors for nearlj' fifteen years, for a long lime on the upper Coluiiilii:i and 
 Snake rivers, and afterward as mate and master of the H^illamelle L/iie/' when she was used as a transfer boat between I'onliiul ami 
 the ea.st side of the Willamette. lie left the service of the Union Pacific Company soon after the advent of Superintendent I'njraiii. 
 and entered the employ of the Columbia River & Vuget Soun<l Navigation Company as pilot and master, serving several years as 
 pilot with Capt. Thomas Craug on the Telephone. While in his charge the steamer unfortunately sank at the luoulli of the 
 Willamette, but no better evidence of the ability of Captain I.arkins could be found than the fact tli.al after she was raised lie was 
 retained in his position. No man on the Columbia stands higher in the estimation of steamboatmen than Captain I,arkitis. 
 
 '•'Capt. George J. Ainsworth was born in Oregon City, Or., April 13, 1852, and has been informed that his first stuainboat 
 experience was as a passenger on the Lot Wliilcomb when two weeks old. Karly iu 1874 he entered the employ of the nreKoii 
 Steam Navigation Company as clerk in the president's office, going from there to the steamer Weleome as purser, and iiiurwanl 
 holding the same position on the Oneonta, Emma Haya'ard, Dixie Tliompson and . Innie Stewart. While engaged in this work lit 
 actiuired a knowledge of navigation and of handling a steamboat, and in <Uie time received a license as master anil pilot a'ul took 
 command of the steamer Otter, subseiiuently connnauding the IVeteome, Dixie Tliomp.wn, Emma Hay.eard, (hieoiita ami 
 In January, 1877, he was made a director of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, and in 187S was ajipointed assistant 
 superinteudeut, later a.ssuniing charge as general superintendent. Captain Ainsworth was vice-president of the Oregon 
 Navigation Company when its affairs were closed after the Villard eotip, and when the Oregon Railway Sc Navigation C' 
 succeeded it he was appointed superintendent^of the river and Sound divisions, and operated the portage roads at the Cascades ; 
 Dalles, resigning in 1892 to assist his father, who had become interested in a immber of enterprises at Oakland, Cal. After '- years 
 there he went to Redondo Beach, and, under the direction of his father and R. R. Thompson, the owners, succeeded in traiisf irmiiig 
 a barren waste of land into one of the finest conunercial ports of Southern California. The Redondo Beach Company, Ridomlo 
 Railway Company, and Redondo Hotel Company, were adjuncts in the development which brought into existence a ma; ificeiit 
 hotel, riarrow-guage railway, a wharf suitable for the largest ships afioat, and many other improvements. Capt. Oeorge Ai ^wortli 
 remained iu charge of this vast property until the death of his fat'.:er and then returned to Oregon as administrator of his e-.i .le. 
 
 others. 
 .;eiieral 
 
 .Steam 
 nipanv 
 
 ul The 
 
Willamette River Locks Completed, Chnrter Rates of the Lumber Fleet 
 
 215 
 
 It now 11 
 
 I) J. Mt.\'lCAH 
 
 AinswDrtli was succL-edeil as master by A. H. I'illsliury, Riciianl Hoyt, aiitl Clark W. SpraKUu, bcllt-r 
 \s "Woody." Ill August, 18H1, the Wclromf was towed l>y tlie tug Taivma to Pugct .Souud, where 
 
 SpraRiii look loiiimaiid. Tlie following year she engaged in a xigorous contest on the Hellinghani Bay run 
 
 will) aii'iilier old Columbia River steamer, the Washing; Ion. In the service of the Oregon Railway & Navigation 
 
 Coinpanv she was operated on all of the routes out of .Seattle until finer and faster boats relegated her to the rear. 
 
 Willie 1 lid up at Gig harbor in August, iSyo, she was destroyed by fire, the steamer .ilitla burning at the same 
 
 time. The IVitcome was one hundred and twenty-seven feet long, twenty-.«even 
 feet beam, and five feet six inches hold. The steamer Otli-r, a diminutive stern- 
 wheclcr, was also added to the Oregon Steam Navigation Company's fieet in 1.S74. 
 Ca])t. W. H. Smith rati her for one seascm, and she was then sold and went to the 
 Sound, running there for several years. The Ollii- was built by Hred Congdon, 
 with machinery from the Afary /hll, which he had previously dismantled and 
 traded to G. \V. Hume to be used as a wharf. Congdon made a trial trip with the 
 (W/v, March 2Sth, but the Oregon Railway iS: Navigation Company purcha.sed her 
 shortly afterward to prevent interference with their business. On the Souud she 
 was first used by Captain Hyde, towing barges for the Rentoii Coal Company. 
 She afterward ran as an opposition boat on the upper Sound route until 1S77, 
 when the owners of the /cpliyr and Mfssciii;ei- combined with .Starr and .secured 
 her retirement with a monthly subsidy 
 of five hundred dollars. The following 
 year Starr operated her between Tacoma 
 and Olympia, Captains Parker, Clancey 
 and Wilson having charge. .She was 
 
 siil)se(piently commanded by Sprague, Heecher, Parker, and several 
 
 litliers. Her closing days on the .Sound were spent as a trading 
 
 slL'.iiiier, and she gave good .service until February, iScjo, when she 
 
 collided with the //assii/o near Des Moines, and, although l)eached 
 
 without loss of life, was too badly damaged to be repaired. At the 
 
 lime of her lo.ss she was owned by Capt. T. Cook of Tacoma. The 
 
 (W(7- was eighty-seven feet long, eighteen feet beam, and six feet hold. 
 
 Congdon had intended her for a connecting boat with the Vinsi) , 
 
 which Moody and French had built to run on the middle river. The 
 
 '/hi.iir, like her companion, was too small to be of much use, but 
 
 succeeded in making the Oregon .Steam Navigation Company purchase 
 
 her at a good advance on her cost. She was constructed at The 
 
 D.illes, and was sixty-nine feet long, thirteen feet beam, and eight feet 
 
 hold, with engines eight by eighteen inches. Capt. H. T. Coe was in 
 
 command during her brief career on the middle river, and in 1S75 she 
 
 was taken over the Cascades by Capt. 
 
 J. W. Hrazee, Kngineer Carroll, and 
 
 Fireman Steven.son. Having no use for 
 
 ■> her on the river, the Oregon .Steam Navigation Company sold her to Capt. J. C. 
 
 -f^i Urittain of Seattle, wdio ran her until i.syy, when she sank. After being raised 
 
 the following year, her machinery was removed, and she was rigged as a schooner. 
 
 She is su!! .sailing on the waters of the Northwest, engagf" it die present time in 
 
 the sealing busine.ss. The Columbia River Transporta.. . C jinpany, which had 
 
 expected to establish a successful opposition line between Portland and The 
 
 Dalles, was incorporated in September by 1). M. French, William Grant, J. C. 
 
 M. J^\> Cartwriglit, Kiiiil Schult/.e and M. H. Gates. Another organization, known as 
 
 jm wr^^ "'^ Cascades Canal & Locks Company, was incorporated October 22d by A. C. 
 
 ■ Kinney, H. H. Bowman and R. Mallory, with a capital stock of $25,000, at $100 
 
 per share. A small propeller called the S/. Patrick was built at Waterford, Wash.. 
 
 in 1874, by James Williams. .She was fifty feet long, twelve feet beam, and five 
 
 feet hold, made her trial trip April 14th, was u.sed for a short time as a tovvboat on 
 
 the Columbia, and .sold in iSy^ to D. K. Howard of .Seabeck, who took her to the 
 
 Souml and operated her on the run between Port Gamble and Seabeck. Since that time she has been in .service 
 
 continually between points adjacent to Seattle. Another small steamer was constructed at Portland by James 
 
 fox, wi;o purchased the wreck of the burned tug Sedalia and placed the machinery in the I'avorite. Like her 
 
 predecessors, she was used in towing ships on the river, J. N. Fisher serving as master. 
 
 The tug Astoria was extensively repaired in 1874, and her place on the bar was filled by the C.J. Ilnii/iam, 
 
 which arrived at Astoria, February 9th, in charge of Captain Hill. The /Ircnliam was built at Humboldt by 
 
 C.M'T. C.KOKtil-: J. AiNSWOKTII 
 
 
 
 ■ J. C. ItKiri AIN 
 
 ill 
 
 i| 
 
 M 
 
 
 Hlf.' 
 
2l6 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 I 
 
 l.kVi Snyiikh 
 
 W. C. Rnlston to run \\]< tliu Noyo River for ltttnl)er. She proved too Inr^e for tliis work niid was .nld to 
 
 A. M. Siiii]isoti, wlio sent her to Coos liny and afterword to the Coluintiiii linr, wliere slie reinnined over ten years, 
 
 Eli Hilton was in cliarKe until iM;;, when Capt. (leorge C. HIavel took coinniand. M. I), Staples," Ivrie Julmsoii 
 
 and D.J. McN'iear also handled the steamer durinK her stay on the Colunihia. The steamer OinKii,/ was 
 
 bronnht down from the Tualitin and operated on the Cathlamel route, 
 
 and the Wfiiul. which the Orejjon Steam Navigation Comi)any had 
 
 disposed of to Captain KellogK, was running up the Columliia to the 
 
 Sandy. The steam lug h'alii' Cook was huilt on the Cotiuille River hy 
 
 the Cociuille Tng iS: Mill Company. She was fifty-.sevcn feet long, 
 
 fifteen feet beam, and six feel hold, with engines fourteen by twelve 
 
 inches. T. S. I'loyd was her first master, retaining his position until 
 
 1878, when he was succeeded by Capt. J. Parker, who alternated in 
 command with his predecessor until 1889, when Capt. I.evi Snyder " 
 took charge, and he was succeeded by James Caughell in 1890. The 
 
 Coos, n small sidewheelcr fifty-six feet long, fourteen feet beam, and four 
 
 feet six inches hold, with engines ten by thirty inches, was launched at 
 
 Ivnipire City by Ca])t. W. H. I, use. Captains I<u.se, Lanfare, I'loyd and 
 
 Hrnst connnanded her at dilTerenl times until late in 1884, when H. W. 
 
 Dunham rebuilt her at Marshfield. Capt. A. M. Campbell, H. \V. 
 
 Robert and J. F. Duidiani were in control until 1890, when A. F. Hurd 
 
 took charge and has run tu^ steamer since. The Mollie, a propeller 
 
 fifty-four feet long, with an eight by fifteen inch engine, was built at 
 
 Elk City in 1874 and ran between that place and Newport on Ya([nina 
 
 Bay. Hazard C. Smith was the owner, and Ivlliott Wilson, A. V,. 
 
 Reiser and S. T. Jordan were masters until about 1881, when she 
 
 ended her career. 
 
 With the discoveries of gold on the Stickeen and in the Cassiar 
 
 country a boom in steamboating was again looked for, and two new steamers were constructed for this 
 
 The first of these, the Gletiora, built by Alexander Watson, .Sr.,' was launched at \'ictoria, March 9th, by Ciipt. 
 
 "Capt. M. D. Staples was liorii in Maine in 1846, and when thirteen years of at;e sailid out of Allaiitir port.t to tlie \Vi>l 
 Indies. He first readied San I'rancisco in 1866, and, after a few nioiillis on tlie liarli (U')ii 0/ llii- Ouuii. went on the l>rin lli,U'>l,i. 
 and from her to tlie /owe . /. Fallteiihryi;, rctnaininjj with Captain Cathcart tliree veiirs. He ran for a short time on llie slcainir-. 
 Cali/'oiiiiii, (noige S. Il'iix/it and Hiisiir I'llfnir, retnriiinK East in 1871 as mate on the hark /,ouiivi\ .\fter a sliori visit at liis olil 
 home he sailed for Calcutta in the bark // 'i>if;i'(l h'aiii; and, on his return to Hostou, went to New York and thence to San I'raiH'isco, 
 wlure he arrived in 1875. He made a few trips as third mate on the steamer .l/ii.v, and then joined the tiinlioat .-li/i'iin on the 
 
 Columhia River liar, remaining; Ihirc as 
 cai)taiii and bar pilot for twenty \e;irs. M 
 present he is one of the State pilots on llit 
 scliooner Sun Jo.u'. 
 
 '■'Capt. I). J. McVicar was burn at 
 Cape llreton in 1.S55, and at the ii);e ui tliir- 
 teen be),'an sailing coastwise, two years 
 later rnuniii){ to West Inilia ports ami Oiiha, 
 where he continued four years, anil, after 
 a year on the western ocean, readiccl San 
 l'"rancisco on the ship O.iiiif A'rn/ in iSyj. 
 He came to the Columbia River on tin- ship 
 Flixiilci, aud, after hi.s arrival at .\slori?. 
 worked on tugboats as mate ami pilot for 
 three or four vears. His first commaml was 
 the old tUK i'\faiv Tiiyhn; which he juincil in 
 October, lS8o, leaviuH her early tlie liillow- 
 ing year to take the .Isloiia. He sulise- 
 ipieutly followed bar pilotiuK for a year, liiil 
 returni'd to the tugboats, handling llic Si'l 
 TIh»}Iiis for a few mouths aiul afurward 
 commanding the /'iciKrr four years. He 
 finally took her to the Sound, ami. after 
 leaving her, went to the pilot schooner 
 C. (,'. U'/iilf, working as bar pilot until tlie 
 new pilotage law drove lier out of business. 
 He then took charge of the tug ./(tow 
 again, remaining with her four yeais, and 
 about two years ago left her to join the 
 schooner SiDi Jost' as one of the Oregon 
 State pilots. Captain McVicar has enjoyed .some racy experiences on the bar, on one occasion being out six days with the I'i'iiicr, 
 by which time the lug aud all hands had been given up for lost. 
 
 •'Capt. Levi Snyder was born in Penn.sylvania in 1859, came to the Pacific Coast while (piile young, aud conn h nceil 
 steamboating on the Coquille River early in i.SSo. His first craft was the l.itlle .Iniiic, which has supjilied schooling for i large 
 number of Coos Hay steamboatmen. He was afterward engaged on a number of well known steamers on the bay, and for -cvcral 
 years past has had command of the tug Triumph, which he has operated in a highly successful manner on the bar. 
 
 " Alexander Watson, Sr., who has spent nearly half a century bnilding marine craft, is a native of Scotland, and nr; Mil ui 
 Victoria in 1863, wliere he has since followed his calling. One of his first steamboats was the (Hfiioia, ordered by Capt. Join Irving 
 for tlie Stickeen River trade. He also built the (it'rtrude for Capt. William Moore for the same traflic. He next designed '. te fine 
 sternwheeler Reliance, and constructed the steamers J'eerless, k'uniloofis aud Spallaiiiiu/ifen at Kamloops and the steamers I'achess 
 
 Stka.mkk " Coos" 
 
Willnnwtte Rivvr Louks Comi)lrti'(l, Ch.wtvr Ratfs nf thu Lumbrr FIrft 
 
 2'7 
 
 Jdliii liMiit?;" the otluT, the (tcni. was complctt'il April lolli for Millnrd \ Moore. The Intter was a linlil draft 
 
 ,lcnnui .1 little over seventy feet loiij; and thirteen feet beam, hut she was no niatch for the (,7iii«>,i. A 
 
 year liiur Moore hiiilt the steamer (,i>/ni(/,-. and the (i/,hi<ki eontlniieil running under IrviuK's nianaxetnent 
 
 until 1^;'), when she wan sold to the owner of the <nrlni,h\ who took her to the Frnser River n ycnr 
 
 hitcr :inil operated her in opposition to Irvine's steniners. but she was soon laid off. She remained on 
 
 till' Fi I ir until 1X7W. when she ended her 
 
 cari'cr l'\ strikint; a rook near the mouth 
 
 (il llMinson River while eomiiiK down the 
 
 striMiiii. December sth. The A'l/iiiiin-, whieh 
 
 liud jii'l been relea.sed by the latter steamer 
 
 friiiii a bar on whieh she had K<'<>"»(le<l, wn.s 
 
 close biiiiiid, rescued the passengers and 
 
 crew and saved the furniture and cabin 
 
 fitlinU'* The (ifiii also left the Stickeen 
 
 for till- Kraser, where she ended her days. 
 
 The old Hritisli gunboat Grufif>hr, which had 
 
 liceii purchased at auction by Mr. Hnxlerick 
 
 for S'l.'KHi, entered the merchant service in 
 
 1S74. She started out in charge of Captain 
 
 Moore, with George \V. Caviu,"' first officer, ^ 
 
 HlKAMSIIII' " I.US ANt.HI.KH," 
 
 Tortiu'rly r s. Keventic Cultrr " Wyftiidft' 
 
 mil M,ii hill at Ciolilen on tlie upper Coltini1)ia, «uh- 
 
 Mi|iU'ntlv lOiiipleliiiK tile slciiiner l.yllun nt Kevi'l- 
 
 -loke liii tlic Coliiiiiliia iV Koiiteimi Steam NaviKatiou Company. Well kiionii samples nT liis liamliwork wire the ll'illiiiiii hviiii;, 
 
 l\li:iifii//i //:7/;i,', A'. /'. A'/Mc/, /Ji/uhuii', '/'niiis/ii, ami several steamers of lessei importaiue. lie also (lesi>;iic(l a Kfeal maiiv 
 
 vessels for oilier builders. 
 
 •'Commoilore John Irving of Victoria, 11. C, one of the best known 111.01 men on the Pacific Coast, was born in Portland, 
 Or., in iSvi, .iml, tliou>;h still a youiiK mail, has hail a ipiarter of a century of c\|i' rience in his calliiiH He^innin^; with his father, 
 C.ipt. William Irvinj^, on the On Wii ttf iii\ the l-'raser Kiver when a hoy of sixteen, he soon mastered the minor details of the husiiicss, 
 ,nicl lit the anc of twenty took communil of the steamer. His father's death in 1S72 left the yonnn man iiractically in charge of the 
 tKiiisportation husiiiess founded lony before. Commodore Irving was e(pial to the emerj^eiicy, and through all the f-iiccf edinj; years, 
 with opposition following opjiosition, with war to the knife and knife to the hilt, he has Jield his own and emerged smiling from each 
 stiMiulioat conllict, with his or^'ani/.atioii a little more perfect than when he entered the linht. When he took command of the 
 OnUiVil he elTecteil a comliinalion with p'leining and Parsons, who were ruiiiiiii){ the sleamer l.ilhifl, this agreement remaining; in 
 force until iS/i, when Irving l)0U).'ht tliein out. Ilis Heel then included the steamers l/ii/ii\ (Utiioni, OiiuanI i\ni\ A'dlii/ City, Ihe 
 hitler liaviiifj been built in 1X74, when the /.///m/ was hroken up. The Clnnnii was hnill for the .Stickeen Kiver trade, and continued 
 niiiniiit; there until 1S76, when Irving sold her, with the route, to Capt. William Moore, who appeared on the Stickeen with the 
 Ciilni.l, ill 1.S75. He then concentrated Ilis forces on the I'raser, where he was followed by Moore and a man named Oppenheimer, 
 who lirouKlil the Uliiiiiia over to the I'raser and commenced a competition of which IrviiiL' soon disposed. The Hudson's Hay 
 
 Company had in the nicaiitinie embarked in hiisiness on the New Westminster 
 route, and in Ih7S Irving liouKht the famous old ll'i/smi li. Iliiiil and ran her 
 between Victoria and tlie (Jiieeii City. His rivals secured the steamer Olyiiifiia, 
 renaming her the Piiiursi J.oiiisr, and for a short time competition between the 
 two steamers ran liiKb. though a comhinatiim was soon formed, which remained 
 in force until die Canadian Pacific Navigation Company was oi'Kani^ed in i.S.S.v 
 In 18.S0 the Ctifisittr, owned hv W. J. Stevens, came to the I'raser, precijiitatiii^ 
 another contest, which lasteii until that steamer was lost in i.ssi. William 
 Moore meanwhile had built the //'<i7(;h .S'/ii/*<' and was ruiinini! her throiif;li to 
 Vale, and, to meet this new rival, Irving ordered the splendid sleamer Jili-nlvlh 
 /niiif, which burned before she earned a dollar, rndismayed by the loss of 
 the fortune swept away with the uninsured steamer, Conimoilore Irvinj; rallied 
 his forces ami launched the A'. /'. h'illiil. Captain M<iore had failed in the 
 interim, and ill 1SS3 Irving bid in the ll'rstiiii .S/ii/if at auction, ending; the 
 opposition on the I'raser. In 1SS5 the People's NaviKation Company, composed 
 of Messrs. Turner and I'inlayson of Victoria and a iiumlier of Nanaimo people, 
 putchased the sleamer .hiiHia and put her on the Nanaimo route in opposition 
 to the Canadian Pacilie Navigation Company, of which Irviii),' has been manager 
 since its incorporation. A hitler w.-ir ra>;ed for a hrief period, but was ended by 
 the purchase of the interests of Irving and his associates hy the new company. 
 When the coniiilclion of the Canadian Pacilic Railway in i,S.S6 ruined steam- 
 boating on the Praser, the CaiLidian Pacilic Navigation Comiiany withdrew, and 
 since that time has confined its operations to the Northern and Vancouver 
 routes. In addition to his interests in the Canadian Pacific Navi;;atioii Company, 
 Commodore IrviiiK is a large stockholder in the Columbia S: Kootenai Steam 
 Navigation Company, operating steamers on the upper Columhia, Kootenai and 
 .\rrow lakes, and is also interested in many other Hritisli Colninliia enterprises. 
 
 -'Capt. C.eorge W. Cavin was born in New Hrniiswick in 1S4.S, and com- 
 inenced his career sailing out of Maine ports in the West India trade in i,S6.|, his 
 father being a prominent inercliant at Belfast. In 1S6S he was master of the 
 schooner /. //. .S'lKiivj for a few months in the coasting trade, and in the spring 
 of 1870 he began steamlioating on the .St. Croix River. He arrived jit \'ictoria 
 in 1H73, and in the spring of iS7( joined the steamer tiiafifilir with young Cap- 
 tain Moore, t'roin which he went to the iii'ttruiit- as mate, running with her on 
 the Stickeen River in 1875 and 1S76, ami then going to (Jneen Charlotte's Island, 
 where he established a fishery. .After his return he took command of the Ihaiei, running her as a towlioat in the fiill of 1.S7S. 
 The «.niie year he brought the tug Hopf from Port Townsend, and, after operating her for a short time, took the contract to repair 
 theshi!, SI. /.iiu'ieiiiv, wrecked at Plumper's Pass. After comideting this work he put the ship (n'tlysliiiix into the water from the 
 lieacli vhere she had been blown during the big gale of 1.S.S3. He was subsequently in command of the steam schooner Dolphin. 
 iloiii); general wrecking and jobbing Imsincss. In 1SS3 he took charge of the Tfaser, and the following spring refitted her with 
 newe; .ines and boiler and ran her until iSSS, when he disposed of her to the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company, aud in 1890 
 took i!;v steamer Co/is/ame, handling her until 1893, then taking the Ff/oi, ou which he remained until August, 1894. ' 
 
 J. W. MuUKK 
 
 !i|i 
 
\\\ 
 
 )« 
 
 \lh 
 
 2:8 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 J W. Moore,'" purser. The old />i'ii:r>; al this time Hearing her fortieth birthday, was lefitted, made hur first 
 trip as a towboat Aiisusl ,Sth, and c ;: the thirty-first was sold by the Hudson's Bay Company to Messrs. 
 Stafiford. Saunders, Morton, Rudlin, Coltnian and Williams. 
 
 Captain vStarr, who had received some e.xpL'usive lessons in steamboat combination in the early part of his 
 
 career, had perfected his organization so that in 1S74, with the aid of 
 Finch & Wright, he controlled all of the available steam craft on Puget 
 .Sound, his fleet inchiding the steamers 0/y»i/>iii, Notth }\uifu . . \Uda. 
 htxbil, Eliza Anderson, and Wilson G. Hunt. Starr had been carrying 
 the mail fr-mi Olympia to \'ictoria under a contract for $26,000 yearly, 
 but at its expiration, October 31st, 1*. D. Moore secured it for a jK-riod 
 of three and one-' alf years from January i. iSys, at $20,900 a year. 
 The Starr combine bid $,vV,Soo, and James Robbins $22 500. .\s Moore 
 had no steamer at his disposal when Starr's contract expired, the latter 
 refused to carry the mail until the officials at Washington made .in 
 agreement by win fixing the rate from October ;, ist until January i, 
 i,H75, at $500 a trip. During the Ca.ssiar excitement the steamer Eliza 
 .hnhrson, Capt. Dan Morrison, made a few voyages from the Sound to 
 the new gold region. Capt. John T. Wright sent his steam.ship Williniii 
 Vhl'or to Victoria in June, but, when Rosenfeld & Ber.i.iugham disposed 
 of their interest in the Victoria business to (loodall. Nelson & Co., tlic 
 '/'iil'or was replaced with the steamship Los . h/i;clfs, formerly the reve- 
 nue cutter Wyanilii. The Vfnluia, originally the United States steamer 
 Rcsata, also made a trip to Victoria. The sidewhcel steamer )'<it;ima, 
 length one hundred and seventeen feet, beam twenty-two feet, deplh of 
 hold six feet five inches, was launched at Port Gamble in 1^74, and, 
 despite the advent in later years of finer and more powerful luys, is 
 still lidding her own, although at present u.sed as a spare boat liy the 
 
 ' ■ ' ' ^ mill company. The Yakima was for a .short time in command of Capt. 
 
 David Hill, and for many years was handled by Captains J. R. aii;l Williim Williamson." Several small 
 
 .steamers were constructed on Puget .Sound in \X~.\, the best known being the . li,ilii\ a towboat built at the foot of 
 
 Cherry vStreet, .Seattle. In i,S7-; she was taken to Lake Wasliingtor, to tow barges for the Newcastle Co.il 
 
 Company, remaining there until the railroad was completed, when she was taken back and operated in the jolihing 
 
 trade by Capt. Mark Norton. Cajit. J. C. lirittain purclia.sed her from the coal company, and C. 1). lirownfield 
 
 was api ^illted nirster. She was subsequently sold to the Port Madison .M'll Company, 'v whose service she ended 
 
 her day. She was named in honor of Mrs. R. I,. Thorn, n/r Addie 
 
 .Smithers, a daughter of K. N. Smitliers of Port Ludlow. The steameis 
 
 Lena C. dray and Fanny were also launched at Seattle in i>^'4. The 
 
 rapid increase in the luariiie business on Puget Sound was indicated by 
 
 the number of men engaged at this time. The following persons were 
 
 granted licenses in the Seattle hispec'.i.m District : Masters — William / 
 
 Bailey, John B. Cook, W. K. Cornelius, James Doyle, George V. P'ry. 
 
 Theodore I'reidnian. William (.iove J. A. (.'aidiner, William Haffncr, »• ir^<- —., 
 
 John S. Hill. H H. Hyde, .Sanuul Jackson. S D. Libby, George D. _. /• 
 
 "'J. W. Moore, it son 01' Capt. Willi. un Moore, ore of the hest known marine 
 men in the Northwe^il, was bor,? in New Orleans in i "147. He lias been connecled 
 wilh fill of the steamers oper.Oe^l Ity his father ancl lijis followeil the hnsitiess in the 
 same vicinity for thi .y ye.,?^, innni''>i as jnirser (ni the . llt'Vtttiilt')', (it'tltHilt\ (t'lii/^- 
 t^h'i\ a' 1 of late year; on ncnly all the steiimers of the Canadian raoilie Xavij^ation 
 Company. \t the piesent lime he is on the C/utnnt'y ml the /sltintlt'r, on the 
 Victoria- \'a;icouver ronte. 
 
 '" Capt. William Williamson, wliile still a yonny man, is a pioneer in his eall- 
 iiij^, and has probably hail more ln>;boat experienee than any nnni of his aj^e in the 
 Northwest. He was t.-m^ht steambnalin^ when a hoy by his fither. one of the old 
 school on Pn^et Soiiml. and ^;rew up with the business, before enterinj^ the tnj^boat 
 service he hiid several 
 
 service he h.id several years' experience on the Ct'/lh\ /. A', t.ihhv, an<l other jtioneer 
 
 craft. W ditferent times he comnnuided all of the i'(»rt (rainble tnjj;boats, an<l was 
 
 the last master ol' the veTicral)le <io/i<ili, having eharf;e of that ancient ste.'oner for 
 
 '■■ "■■ ^' '•■•- ■'•" ' ■■'■■■' • >■ -r final lay-olT. Captain Williamson 
 
 ip Comit.iny as pilot on the steamer 
 
 •, and ol^ the steamers hiaho and iU'oixt- /:'. Stan \ operated by tile saute com 
 
 •cessful as was that of his father, and lie enjoys the reputation of being one ■ 
 
 ..„ .._ . ^_ • fc 
 
 six yej'rs. .Soon after the i'lOliah was yiven her final lay-olT. Captain WiUiamsoi 
 entered the employ of the Northwestern Steamship Comit.iny as pilot on the steamer 
 /\*('V(;//('. on wdiicli he occasionally ran as master 
 Captain Williamson's career has been full\- as s 
 most skillful navigators on the inland se 
 
 CAl'l. W.I. 1.1 \M W11.I.I.VMS 
 
 my. 
 1 the 
 
Willamette River Locks Completed, Charter Rates of the Lumber Fleet 
 
 219 
 
 Cam. \v. I". MiNKOi 
 
 MessegiL-, James Nugent, Frank Parker, J. G. Parker, Francis M. Sargent, John A. Suffern, H. A. Starr, Charles 
 G. Trvi'. Thomas F. Kinney,'' W. E. Wilson, Thomas J. Wilson, Thomas A. Wright. Pilots— George Browner, 
 la.sper linker, Thomas Drennan, John Cosgrove, Charles K. Clancey, David H. Hill. John H. Lil'hy, John A. 
 McCo>, W. 1". Munroe, Daniel Morri.soti. Hiram J. Olney, Henry Smith, William Williamson, Chris Williams, 
 Alfred Waite. Engineers — Robert Airey, John Urnne, Jacob Hranwell, Peter Hoyle, Thomas Cnllen, Charles 
 Clarke, Henry Denny, Henry Duane, William Daly, A. R. Francis, Michael Foley, Tclles Jensen, lames 
 
 Griffiths. T. D. Hinkley, John K. Halstead, Patrick Hickey, James Hart, 
 Ira G. Harmon. Hen T. Jones, John Keiniedy, George Kelly, Deiniis 
 Lawlor, Thomas Lewis. A. H. Manning, W. V. Mnnroe,'' Charles Mong, 
 Jeremiah McGiU. John McMann, Fred Peterson, William Perkins, S. Rock- 
 feller, William Spie.scke, John Smith, Adam Schooder, I'rancis Tuttle, 
 P. Van Tassell, J. R. Williani.son, Madi.son Welch, James Wallace, J. T. 
 Williamson, William iJell, James linrns, William Campbell, O. O. Denny, 
 William Jack.son, William Keiiwortliy. Charles I.avvson, Henry Lewis, 
 M. S. Norton. H. H. Pyne, W. H. Philli|..s, Thomas Robinson, George G. 
 Swan,'' Charles W. Smith. W. F. Tudor, Charles Vickers. John Watkins, 
 Michael Wallux, .\lfred Waite. Mates -William Alkin.son, James Hassett, 
 John Campbell, A. F. Chandler, Louis Downes, Joseph ICllis, William Gar- 
 rick, S. IC. Harris, Daniel J. Huntley, William Hayter, George W. Xoyes, 
 Cyrus Orr, Julius Olney, John Thompson, James W. Tarte, " Alfred Wellfare. 
 The largest sailing vessel yet constructed on the Pacific Coast was 
 launched at Coos Bay in kSj^. and was a production in every way worthy of 
 the State which claimed her. She was christened \\'<sltiii Slioir, was one 
 hundred and eighty-six feet long, twenty-two feet hold, and registered 1,1, SS 
 tons. She cost $So,oo(>, A. .NL Simp.sou owning one-half, T. H. Knowles 
 and Capt. J. W. Mc.\llep one-eighth each, and San Francisco jiarties the 
 other fourth. No sailing vessel ever .set afloat on the Coast made such a 
 remarkable record for speed. In 1875 she left San Francisco a few minutes behind the steamer (^r/VAf/// we and 
 arrived in .\~toria two and one-half hours ahead, making the trip in a trifle over two days. .\ year later she 
 established another record by sailing from Pt>rtland to Liverpool in one hundred and one days, and the next year 
 made the trip to the same port from San Franci.sco in one 
 hiiiulred and three days, returning in one hundred and ten. 
 
 Ciijit. Thomas !•". KiniR'>- was hdrii in VaruiDiitli. Nova Scotia, 
 ill iS^i), Weill to sea al tlie a^e of u-ii. and al t-ij^Iitet'ii w.'is mate of ii 
 West Imlia hri>;. He arrived ill San I-'ranci-^eo from l.i\erpool in 1S51. 
 ;iii(l, iifter a short slay al tlie mines, hecame master of tlie steamer Mat i- 
 t'Osii between .San I-'raiicisco and Slool<ton. He then went whaling for a 
 short lime, ami in 1S54 ami iS55 was male on the harks /iinfthitni ami 
 Chill, filiniy'm the Inmlier trade hctweeii San l-raneiseo and l'ni;et .Sound. 
 He sut)sei|iieiitly retnnied to the deeji-water traile, lull went to San I'raii- 
 cisco ill iSiiS and worlied there and at tlie Hare I-^'iml Navy Yard until 
 1^74, when he returned. u> l'iij»et ."-^oiiihI and lan as master of the 
 schooner .SV/(>,i /-/r, crnisiii^ in that region for ahout i-iyhl years. He 
 sold tile schooner in 1SS2 ai'.i etired, and now lives at Conpeville, Wash. 
 'Capl. W. V. Mnnroe .■ommenced .sleamli-iatiiij; in 1S71 when 
 (jliite a hoy and gradually work m1 his way to the •'.out rank. lie was a 
 stepson of Captain llriltain ami was inteiesled .1 various lime> in sev- 
 eral of tile s'.eamers plying t>n Tie Sonnd, tVe steamer //'. /•'. J/iintt't' 
 Iieiiii^ named for him. .-Xt the ti»,'t' of his tiealh in iSSi he was the 
 owiut of the fanions /. />'. /.ibhy. t.: 1' Si his health heyaii to fiil, 
 liaviiiL; heen broken hv exposure, and he went to California in May 
 with his family in .search of relief, which he failed to find. He slaiteil 
 lor Se.iltle in jnne on the steamship I'mahtLt, lail liied before reach- 
 iiij; home. 
 
 C.eor^e (',. .Swan, en>;iiieer. was horn in Nova Scotia in 1S52. 
 went to the Sound in 187.). and with I.. Henderson hini),'ht the steam 
 scow ( ',//<//,;/. which thev ran for ahont four years as a tVeii^lil boat. 
 Since Uiit time Mr. Swan li.is been engineer on a number of ,Sonml 
 foals. Before slartinj; West he ran as second enjiineer on the Chippewa 
 ami \\.m Claire Rivers. He is al present resiilitiH at Seattle. 
 
 ''Capt. James W. Tarte was horn in ICn^land in iS.jg and eame lo 
 I'u«cl Sound in i.Shv His first marine work was with a sloop carrying 
 pa.sseii^ers between Victoria and I-!s(|niniall. He remained there until 
 IS6<). when he removeil to IlelliiiKham Hay ami joined the schooner 
 ('(''tt'iih' //iiinr]. He was afterward nnite on the steamers ('ofhiv, 
 S(ilh\ l,!ili,\ /',\/iii/r/( and other small vessels. He was mate and pilot 
 with i.,ii<t. Tom Wright on the steamer /-^/iztt Ainlnson riinninj.( lo New 
 
 Westiiiaisler, and afterward took charge of her, opening; the route from Seattle to Vort Moody, as VanconAer w 
 He r-.i lined this trade niilil the Canadian Pacific Navi>;ation Company placed the I'liiiiiiy an the same run, am 
 to oper.iie Ihe A" <"'ii//j,'/"/ between Seattle. I'orl .-Vn^eles and \'ictoria. He left this route to cany the mail hetwcei 
 anil Blaine with lite steamer />ii<i\ which he has handled in this trade for several years. Captain Tarte has alwav^ 
 of eiiti rtaininj; a certain number of school children on a free excursion every Sulnrday, and for that reason i 
 steam' 1 itman, e.speeially with the young people. 
 
 MAS J Wilson 
 
 as the 
 I then 
 I New- 
 made 
 a ver 
 
 n known, 
 w iilidrew 
 Whatcom 
 a practice 
 y popular 
 
 1 il 
 
 >i! 
 
 'I'M. 
 
 I [ i 
 
 •1 
 
 ( I 
 
 I ' 
 
 u>\j 
 
220 
 
 Lewis (f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Nortfiwest 
 
 CaPT. JAMI-S W. TaRIK 
 
 In addition to her sailing qualities she had an enormous carrying capacity, but was never considered a lucky 
 ship. She waj wrecked July 9, 1878, on Duxbury Reef. 
 
 The experiment of shipping wheat from Astoria was first made in 1874, R. C, Kinney & Sons dispatching 
 the British ship Veriiion/. The British ship .lliquois, the Cilv of Dublin and the Frank X. Thayer also loaded 
 cargoes at the salt-water port. The Columbia River grain fleet was much larger than ever before and included 
 fifty British barks, fifteen British .ships, five American ships, five American barks, one Norwegian slii]), four 
 Norwegian barks, and five French barks. The river at this period had a bad 
 reputation, and none but small vessels were sent there. Of this fleet, the largest 
 was the British ship Prince Charlie, registering 1,346 tons, but eight of the 
 arrivals were over 1,000 tons, twenty under 500 and forty -four under 600 tons, 
 the smallest being the British bark Reindeer, 291 tons burden. These vessels 
 were handled on the river by the steamers Ben /folladay, Annie Slewarl, Favorite 
 and Shoo Fly. The sloops, scows and schooners which for more than a quarter 
 of a century had been engaged in business on the Astoria and Skipanon routes 
 were succeeded in 1874 by the steamer R'alala, christened in honor of a Clatsop 
 chief She was built at Astoria liy Capt. J. G. Hustler, a veteran pilot, and 
 Edward Hughes, a purser on Holladay's steamers. W. L. Pool was her first 
 master, and he was succeeded by Frank Stevens and Eugene Brock. The people 
 who made their annual pilgrimage to the seashore were not so numerous at this 
 early day, and the Katata failed to clear expen.ses, and was sold to Lienenweber, 
 the canner, who used her for transporting salmon. In 1879 her machinery was 
 removed, and the engines were placed in the steamer Tom Morris, subsequently 
 renamed La Camas, where they are still doing duty. The Katata amounted to but little as a steamboat, 
 but as the pioneer on the Skipanon route she will always be remembered by the Clatsop beach visitors of 
 twenty years ago. 
 
 Shipbuilding on Puget Sound had pas.sed the experimental stage several years prior to 1874, bnt in that 
 year a specialty was made of sailing vessels. At Port Ludlow, Hall Brothers launched the Annie Gee, a schooner 
 of 154 tons register: length, one hundred and five feet ; beam, thirty feet ; depth of hold, eight and one-half feet. 
 This was the first vessel constructed by Hali Brothers and was followed by the Ellen J. Mck'innon, a seventy-ton 
 schooner, and the Tu'llixht and Jessie Xirkerson, twins, each of 184 tons register, one hundred and twelve feet 
 long, thirty feet beam, and nine feet hold. The three-masted topsail schooner Pio Benito, registering 277 tons, 
 was al.so completed by them at Ludlow in 1874. The Annie Gee and T-uilight are still engaged in the coasting 
 trade. Among the fast passages made by the coasting fleet in 1874 was a record-breaking run of the bark Samoscl. 
 
 Captain Martin, from Taconia to San Fran- 
 cisco, where she discharged 425,000 feet of 
 lumber, loaded 11,000 packages of mer- 
 chandise for the return trip, and arrived at 
 T.aconia, January ,^ist, in twenty days and 
 twelve hours, beating the best time by one 
 and one-half days. On the u]) trip she cov- 
 ered 254 miles in one day. The barkenline 
 Portland, launched at Coos Bay the preceding 
 year, made the run from San Franci.sco to 
 Astoria in three days, beating the steamship 
 Orijlammc. The American ship Colusa sailed 
 from .San Francisco to Royal Roads in three 
 days and .seventeen hours. The Nanaimo 
 coal trade furnished employment to a con- 
 siderable number of sailing vessels in 1S74, 
 and the rates of four and one-half and five 
 dollars per ton were sufliciently high to make 
 the business very profitable. The nuim nms 
 additions to the coasting fleet did not cm eed 
 in number the vessels which met with disaster and went out of service. One of the most valuable among tlio.se 
 making their last port was the old steamship Prince Alfred, which Rosenfeld & Bermingham had been opciviing 
 as a mail steamer on the Victoria route. She came to grief in Potato Cove, near the Golden Gate, during a ■ 
 fog, June 14th. She struck on Duxbury Reef and slid ofl' with a large hole in her bottom ; and, althon? 
 of her pumps were started, there were three feet of water in the engine-room within twenty-eight minutes, ,1 
 rapidly as possible she was run for the shore, striking among the rocks in the cove about three hundred 
 from the beach, \<'here she soon went to pieces. The passengers, crew and mail were landed in safety, 1mi 
 wreck was so complete that it only brought S350. 
 
 \ 'y\ 
 
 Sim- ■' W'KSTKk.N SlKIKK" 
 
 n.se 
 all 
 las 
 rds 
 the 
 
Willamette River Locks Completed, Charter Rates of the Lumber Fleet 
 
 221 
 
 
 Steamer " Katata ' 
 
 Tlie American ship Panther, Captain Balcli," was the first of the fleet to perish in 1874. She left Nanairao, 
 Janiiar> 17th, in tow of the tug Goliah, and while passing through Haro Straits a strong head wind and a 
 blindinv; snowstorm forced the tug to cast her off. The ship struck a rock, rising several feet out of the water and 
 bountliiis over it. She then ran before the wind up Swanson Channel to Salt Spring Island, intending to make 
 fast there, but the wind sent her acrcss the bay, where she struck a rock off Narrow Island, filled and listed 
 oiitboanl. with her starboard rail out of water at low tide. The crew e.scaped to the island, but the Goliah was 
 unable to locate them and returned to report the loss of the ship at Port Gamble, where Penhallow, '" the mate, 
 now a well known coasting captain, went the 
 next (lay to notify the owners in San Francisco. ^ 
 
 The underwriters sent up appliances and spent 
 thirty (lays trying to raise her. She had 1,750 
 tons of coal on board, which was practically a 
 total loss, and the sails and rigging were all that 
 was saved from the vessel. The Paiit/ur was 
 owned by Pope & Talbot and was valued at 
 
 j20,0OO. 
 
 The French brig ,S'/(//', Captain Cometoux, 
 from Sail Francisco for Portland under charter to 
 load grain for Morgan & .Son, ran ashore at the 
 foot of Sand Island, March ist. She pas.sed out 
 of the harbor on February 14th, experiencing a strong gale during the first few days and a very thick fog later. 
 An observation was taken March 1st, and the captain discovered that his vessel was dangerously close to the 
 month of the river, with a strong current .setting in. He attempted to stand off and wait for a pilot, but was 
 unable to do so because of unfavorable winds ; and, notwithstanding the fact that he had never entered the river 
 before, lie squared away for the bar at 3:30 v. 11., crossing in safety, but, in making the turn at the foot of vSand 
 Island, the wind died out and the vessel drifted, dragging her anchor. At 7:30 the tug Ih-cnham arrived, but the 
 high sea prevented her rendering assistance, although the brig did not strike until 10:00 p. m. When the tide 
 went out the crew walked ashore on Sand Island, the vessel being high and dry at low tide. The Sidi was a new 
 brig of 376 tons, launched but eight months before, and was insured for $30,000. The underwriters sold her to 
 George W. Warren, George Woods, G. W. Raymond, Captain Hill of the ( '. /. Breuham, Capt. William Koerner, 
 and F. C. Carr, who succeeded in floating her at comparatively small exp(.iise. She was then repaired and sent 
 
 to Knappton, where she loaded lumber for San Francisco. She was 
 rechristened the Sea (/■((//. and was sold to George W. Hume, from 
 whom she was purcl i by .'^au Francisco parties, who operated her 
 in the trade between 'lancisco and Australia, where Capt. S 
 
 Simousen'-' .sailed her for , me > cars. Tlic American bark CV/;/.*',!/-/;,; 
 Mitchell, Capt. Theodore R. Airey." from San Francisco for Port 
 Madison, ran ashore on Dungenes- ^jut during a snow-torm, March 
 2d. The bark was in ballast with the exc ptioii of thirt five tons of 
 hay, and carried one pas.senger and a crew of ton. John Mackenzie, 
 John Sveusou and John Brown were drowned. The light-ki-epers 
 
 issi, « 
 
 Coliiiiil 
 for t\\(i 
 has siih 
 
 when- I 
 was til- 
 
 n,fci! 
 
 ^•Caiit. Joliu W. BiiU-li was lioin in Maine in 1S34, aii.l ^peut the first years 
 of his marine exiierieiice l)el\veeii Kiiropeaii and .Mlantic i , 1st ports. He came 
 to San rraiicisfo in iSdS, and has liecii coastiiif; most of the nine since. After the 
 loss of tlie /\intht'f lie ran in the coal Ir.ide, willi the o.ceptinTi c»f occasional 
 Inmber cargoes from the Sonnd. He is at present in command of the ship /oAw 
 A. l>n'i;]t^s, between Nanaimo and San Francisco. 
 
 '"Capt. I). H. P. renhallow was horn in Honoluln in I.Sjs :d ill 1S60 
 conimenceil his marine career on the Pacific Coast, where lu- .r.- .i in 1872 as 
 mate on the shi]) Poiif/ier, remained with her for a year, an' ;en appointed 
 
 master of tlie //'. C". /'«»/•, going from her to the hark Hnoa ..i<ot. He sailed 
 the Talbot for six years and then took the harkentine /h'.sini, iv. Since then he 
 has had clia.ge of the schooner .Inn, harkentine Juiirka, I'laiiiii; C. J). Hivaiil. 
 Robert Leweis and .lliee Coolc, having commanded the latter since her construc- 
 tion. Captain Penhallow has had twenty-one years' e-xperience as master on the 
 Pacific Const, and before this was for a hiiig iiine in tlie employ of the British 
 India Steam Navigation Company, niiining to Singapore and Bombay. He also 
 served for a short time on the I'acific Mail steamers. 
 'Capt. S. SinioiLsen was born in Norway in 1S49, and was engaged on sailing vessels in dilTerent parts of the world until 
 lun he went to San I'raiicisco and took command of the brig Sen ll'iiif, formerly the Siili, wreckeil at the mouth of the 
 la. He saileil this vessel until 18S9, and was then appointecl admiral in a Central .American Navy, retaining that position 
 vears and then retiring from the water for the same length of time. In 1S91 he look charge of the bark Oriole, which lie 
 I sailed in the coasting trade. 
 
 ^ apt. Theodore R. Airey was born in Maine in 1S46. His first work on the I'acific Coast was in 1865 on the hark Ocean, 
 
 '■ served as mate for two years, leaving her for the bark LeoPiorc, on which he remained ft>r three years. His next vessel 
 
 l-'oiliiitiibo, sailing with her for thirteen years, during seven of which he was in coniinand. He was master of the ship 
 
 'her Mitchell for four years before she ended^her days and then returned to the Co(i»itnbo, and from her went to the bark 
 
 remaining until 18S7, when he was given charge of the harkentine J. M. Griffith, where he is still engaged. 
 
 Cait. John W. IIai-ch 
 
 i\S 
 
 
 IH ia 
 
 i m 
 
 i V 
 
222 
 
 Lewis (f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 at Dungeness succeeded in rescuing the rest and cared for them until the steamer Politko/sky took them to 
 Port Townsend. The loss was estimated at $6,oo<i. The steamer Diana, famed in the early aiinals of 
 British Columbia steamboating, was wrecked January 7tli south of Cape Flattery, while en route fiom San 
 Francisco to the Sound. The steamer went ashore near the (Juiniault Indian Reservation during a tliick fog, 
 and, as she was of light draft, she ran far enough upon the beach to prevent loss of life. The machinery was 
 afterward saved. The captain had a crew of three men and was accompanied by his daughter. The steam tug 
 Sedalia, built in November, 1873, burned on the Columbia River, near Kalama, July 1st, loss $10,000. The 
 bark Scotland, Captain Glidden, a well known coaster, .sailed from Puget Sound early in the year, and nothing 
 
 was ever heard of the crew, although the bark was found wrecked on an 
 island off the coast of Japan. The American bark lidwin. Captain Hughes, 
 from Ut.saUidy for Adelaide, left the Straits, December ist, and became water- 
 logged three days later. The captain's wife and two children and the Chinese 
 cook were washed overboard and drowned. Captain Hughes and eight men 
 climbed to the foretop, where they remained for three days, with the sea 
 breaking over the vessel constantly. The Edwin finally drifted ashore near 
 Hesijuiat, at the identical place where the John liriif/it had been ost a few- 
 years l)efore. The survivors were taken off the wreck by some Indians who 
 came out in a canoe. The next morning the body of Mrs. Hughes wa.s 
 washed up on the beach. The crew were taken to Victoria by the scliooner 
 .llcrl. Captain Christen.sen. 
 
 The schooner Eli-a, which sailed from Coos Bay in 1873 with eighteen 
 people and a cargo of lumber and coal, was abandoned and subseciuently 
 picked up and towed into the Straits of Fuca early iu 1874 by the tugs 
 (irapfiler and Isabe/. She had previously been sighted by Her Majesty's ship 
 Iloxcr, which had attempted to sink her and had fired a few shots before the 
 tugs took hold of her. The schooner Laura May, from San Francisco to Coos Bay, was wrecked about six miles 
 north of the bar during a thick fog. The .schooner /<•»///(• Tlielin, in endeavoring to sail into Coos Bay in March, 
 .struck on the bar and was beached on North Spit. The captain of the tug had warned her ma.ster not to make 
 the attempt, but his advice was not heeded. When the Tliclin was half way in the wind failed, and ihe 
 commenced to drift, striking within a few minutes. vSlie was owned by Beedle & Co. of San Francisco and 
 insured for $8,000. Captain Mc.\llep of ICastport purchased the wreck from the underwriters for 5i,,^oo, and she 
 was afterward repaired and put into commission. The United States transport schooner Margaicl was driven 
 ashore on the coast of Alaska in March and became a total wreck. Captain Harri.son and three men reached 
 shore in safety, but narrowly escaped death at the hands of the Indians. 
 
 CAi'T. William II. Kokr-nkk 
 
 s: , 
 
 ^ 
 
 «5;^\ 
 
 i^c-^-^s- 
 
 rxi^ 
 
 5^5'*?: ■. 
 
 >, ! 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 I.dss OF TiiH Stkamshii' " Pacific"— Till-: Disastrous Ykak 1.S75— Ivxpi.osion ok Stka.mkk ' Sknatok " 
 — Wii.i.AMKTTi! Transportation & Locks Comi-any — Orkc.on Stkam Navication Company 
 Acain on tiik \Vii.i.amktte — Stkamkks "Occidknt" and "Okiknt" — Sthamku "City ok 
 Sai.km" — Ii.wACo Steam Navigation Cojikany— Steamship Opposition on tiik \'ictokia Roitk 
 —Cassiar Mining Kxcitkment— Steamers "Gi.enora," "Gertkide" and "Royai. City" — The 
 Great Run ok the "Western Shore" krom San Francisco — Fakmeks' Transportation 
 Company — People's Protective Transportation Company— The "Ocki.ahajia" and " Ai.mota" 
 — Tugs "Pilot" and " Columhia " — Willamette Steamer "Beaver" Goes to Alaska — 
 Steamships "George W. Elder" and "City ok Chester" Arrive kkom the East— Pugkt 
 Sound Transportation Company— Steamhoat Routes on Puoet Sound — Tuc.s " Tacoma " and 
 "Alexander" — The "Cassandra Adams" and Other Fink Sailing \'ess;;i.s Huilt on the 
 Sound ^ PuGET Sound's First Grain Cargo — Loss ok the Hrig "Pertetua," Schooner 
 "Trania," and Other Small Vessels. 
 
 'ONG will be remembered the year 1S75, wlieii Death, clad in all his hideousiiess, rode the 
 wave ; and, while the relentless sea has supplied Northwestern history with many pitiful 
 tales of disaster, this fatal year has never been equaled in the number of lives and amount 
 of property sacrificed. No greater calamity was ever visited on the people of this Coast 
 than the loss of the steamship l\jcifu\ and 
 even at this time, after a lap.se of twenty 
 years, the bare mention of her name brings 
 "a pallor into the cheek and a mist before 
 the eye ' ' of those whose loved ones went 
 forth on the ship fated never to reach her 
 
 de.sliiiation. The annals of steam navigation recall many calam- 
 ities in which the loss of life has been greater. Splendid 
 
 steamships have sailed away with hundreds of precious lives, 
 
 whose end could be recorded only by the single word "missing" 
 
 on the maritime registers. Others, storm-battered, fire-swept, or 
 
 criislail in collision, have lieen engulfed in the depths of the 
 
 ocu.iii, sparing only a remnant of their human cargo to reach shore 
 
 and salLty : but, in nearly every mournful instance, the attendant 
 
 hcartiu'hes have been softened in a degree by the knowledge that 
 
 every available method of rescue had been exhausted, and that 
 
 the ixniote position of the vessel made the fate of tlio.se who 
 
 Iierislml inevitable. Different conditions surrounded the wreck 
 
 of tin /'i((7//V,- no deadly gale screamed through her rigging; no 
 
 angrv liillows curled over her decks. A stanch, well equipped 
 
 ■•iliip lloated near her, and the death wound was received while 
 
 she was yet .so near a port of safety that the body of one of the 
 
 victims, a fair young girl, drifted almost to the dooryail that 
 
 she li ,! left, full of life and happiness, a few hours before. These 
 
 iuciili.i;is, the recollection of which is forever reopening heart wounds among tho.se who are lefl to grieve, 
 
 h.ivc made the wreck of the Pacific unparalleled in marine history. 
 
 H 
 
 Capi, Ji;iikkm'N D. lluwr.ti. 
 
 ii'i 
 
224 
 
 Lewis 4 Oryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 She steamed out of Victoria harbor on her last trip at 9:30 a. m., November 4th, her decks fairly black with 
 people. The crew was as follows: J. I), Howell,' captain; A. H. McDonough, first officer; A. Wells, Mcoiitl 
 officer ; J. M. Lewis, third officer ; H. F. Houston,' chief engineer ; 1). M. Bassett, first assistant ; A. J. Coj^lilan, 
 second assistant; (). Hyte, Jr., purser; T. H. Higley, freight clerk; James ^estrange. Richard Manders, James 
 O'Neil, and one other, firemen ; William Clancey, Frank Palmer, Charles Norris, Richard Powers, coal-piissers ; 
 Thomas I.estrange, Frank Elwell, oilers; R. Krrickson, carjienter; Henry A. Xorris, watchman; W. Fairfiekl, 
 William Wilson, John Daley, John Sherry, Peter Jamie.son, Lawrence Guinn, Thomas Kerby. Patrick Moore, 
 Neil Henley,' and one other, seamen; John Martin, S. McNicols, H. Jackson, .stewards; J. M. Holdswortli, 
 S. Miles, C. H. Whiting, cooks ; Thomas Molloy, baker ; Robert T. Menaimo, porter ; Richard Heli, C. H. Herbert, 
 Daniel Monroe, pantrymen ; Charles Kisenor, Andrew Walters, J. C. Meza, Alfred York, Oscar Clare, I.uke 
 McMerim, John Hardie, James Johnson, James McGinnis, waiters ; Sarah Minow, stewardess. The exact number 
 of passengers is unknown, as many embarked without tickets a few moments l)efore the steamer sailcil. The 
 following persons were known to have been on board : J. Ilellmute and wife, Mrs. Mahon and child, H. C. X'ictor, 
 Fred D. Hard, J. T. Vining, C. B. David.son and wife, T. Allison, William Maxwell. A. Robbins, O. Mcl'lierson, 
 B Wood, John Tarnett, M Wilson. A. Lang, J. McLanders, J. Fitzgerald, C. Chisholm, J. S. Webster, W illiam 
 Polley, H. Cline, W. Waldron, G. Gribell. John McCormack, Isaac Webbs, Cal Mandeville, wife and child, 
 F. Garesche, C. Somers, J. Foster, J. H. Sullivan, J. W. Doyle. J. Kennedy, William Powell, ,S. Nichleson, 
 James H. Webb, Edward Shephard, George Hry.son, Richard TurnbuU, Charles .Smith, A. L. Rainey, F. K. Meyer, 
 J. Thompson, P. Canty, Adam Foster, R. Lyon, George Bird, J. McLaughlin. William Champion, William 
 
 Power, John Renalley, I'. I,. 
 Chapman, William Am miss, 
 William Purdary, John G.Todd. 
 Doc Young, J. Congdoii. A. 
 Frazer. Miss X. Reynolds, Mrs. 
 Moote. Edward H. Pooley, Mrs. 
 S. Styles and child, C. B. Fair- 
 banks, A. B. Otway, J. F. 
 Johnston, John Cochrane. T. J. 
 Ferrill. J. Cahill, William Wills, 
 Mi.ss Fanny Palmer, Mrs. Law- 
 son, James Lennings, I). C. 
 Mclntyre, Captain and Mrs. 
 Parsons and cnild, \\V J. Ferry, 
 Thomas Smith, S. P. Moody. M. 
 Somers, John Watson, R. Hud- 
 son, E. P. Atkins, R. I.ay/elle, 
 John Lee, George Morton, John 
 .Sampson. George Heme, G. 
 Journeaux, Jo.seph Haverly and 
 wife. Dennis Kane, C. N. Miles. 
 J. Creden. J. Pettier. Mr. and Mrs. M. Keller and child, John Tarbet. T. J. Robinson. George Skippon. V.. T 
 Jaynes, Mrs. Hurlburt, Richard Cochrane. B. F. Gretz, Richard Waldron, Rockwell and Hurlburt troupe, and 
 
 Stkamshji* 
 
 'Capt.J. D. Howell, coinmander of the I'luijic, was a hrotlier-in-law of the late Jefferson Davis, ami was horn in Natiliez, 
 Miss., in 1S41. He was eilnealed at .•\nna])olis, anil served as inidshipiiian under Counnodores 'fneker and Talbot .al Cliarlcsioii, 
 S. C , in the James River stpiadron under Cai)tains Wood, Tarkcr and Hunter, ami afterward at Charleston under Comnioilcire 
 Tueker in charge of a picket hoat. After the fall of Charleston he was a lieutenant of artillery in the naval hrigade under CiuL-ral 
 Seninies, formerly of the Confederate Navy, was surrendered under General lice's cartel, joined Jefferson Davis at Washington, ('iji., 
 was with him at the time of his capture, and was then imprisoned at Fortress Monroe, where he was held for some time. KdiMseil, 
 he went to Savannah, (*,a., where lie was a^ain imprisoned. Thence he joined his brother in Camida and accompanied lum to 
 England. Returning hy way of Portland. Me., he was agaiu arrested and sent to port Warren, where he was detained for .1 fiw 
 weeks and released. He then returned to Canada ami thence to New York, where he went to sea before the mast. Returnin.i^, lie 
 was en^ajjed with I'omeroy on the New York .\V,-i.(. Tiring of this, he saileil as quartermaster on a ship bound for China, aii.l iroui 
 there went to San l'"raiicisco about 1870 and entered the service of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company as male ami misler, 
 subsefpiently of the Oregon Steamship Company, and of the North Pacific Transportation Company as master of the stcani-liips 
 /iliiho, A/oii/iiiKi, I'llican and others. 
 
 ■Henry I'raiik Houston, chief engineer of the steamer /'iici/ii; was born in Westphalia, ('lermany, in iSv'v He came t 1 llic 
 t'nited States when an infant with his parents, and after leavinj,' scliool was steamboatiUK on the Hudson River until he ci'iii' to 
 the Pacific Coast, about 1.S53. He was for a lonn time in the employ of the California .Steam Navigation Company as chief enynieer 
 on their river steamers AVr.' Il'or/i/, Cafiilol, .hiliio/'e, and ('/iiyso/w/is, and subseipiently served, until the time of his death, 'ii llic 
 same eajiaeity on nearly all of the prominent steamships riiniiin}^ north from San l-'rancisco. 
 
 '.\rtliur Jasper CoKhlan Wiis born in Brooklyn. N. Y., about i.S.sv He was a son of Jasper Co);lilan of the Inited States 
 and with his father came to the Coast aljont iS6r. .As soon as he was old enouj^li he bewail running out of San I-'rancisco 
 steamship trade, and when he went down on the Ptitifu' lielil llie position of second engineer. 
 
 ' Neil Henley, the living survivor of the worst marine disaster that ever happened on the Pacific Coast, wa.i horn in Si 
 in 1854, and learned the shipbuilder's trade. He sailed from KuKtand to the ICast Indies, and eventually reached ,San I'raini 
 .\uKust. i8;,s. on the American ship Canada, joining' the steamer I'acitic shortly afterward. .-Vfter recoverir.R from his 1 
 experience, Henley was employed on a number of Sound steamers until 1877, his last work there being as mate on the old si 
 /•'t'avfi. He then retired to Stcilacoom, Wash., where he held the position of city marshal for several years, but relurneil 1 tlie 
 sea iu 1894, shipping as (juartermaster on the British steamship Tacoma sailing between Puget Sound and Hongkong. 
 
 iho 
 
 ml 
 
 il)lc- 
 iiier 
 
/.OS,' of the "Pacific," New Transportation Companies on tho Willamette and Columl)in 
 
 22', 
 
 Hbnry F. Hor.sTON 
 
 forty-one Chinamen. This list shows a total of about one hundred and sixtj' people, of which the Victoria agent 
 
 testified that he sold tickets for one hundred and thirty-two, while tliirty-five were taken aboard on Puget Sound. 
 
 In addition to these, it is known that the purser booked over twenty pa.s.sengers whose names were not recorded 
 
 on shore, and .several others rushed on board a moment before she pulled out, some even climbing over the rail 
 
 after the gangplank was hauled in. From the.se figures it is evident that fully two hundred passengers were on 
 
 the steamer, a'"d with the crew a total of over two hundred and fifty .souls. 
 There is a strong probability that the number was even greater, for at 
 that period hundreds of miners from the Cassiar district were arriving at 
 Victoria each day and availing themselves of the first opportunity to go 
 below. Many left the mines with a view of reaching Victoria if possible 
 on steamer day so that their stay in the city might be brief, and no 
 record of their presence is in existence. 
 
 After clearing the harbor the I\\ciji( steamed slowly down the 
 Straits, passing Tatoosh at 4:00 i". m., with the wind blowing fresh from 
 the Eouth and a heavy swell rolling. Against this wind and swell she 
 made but little progress, and .she was not yet fairly away from the land 
 when, at aliout ten o'clock, the passengers in her crowded cabins 
 experienced a sudden shock, which, light though it may have .seemed, 
 carried with it a feeling of dreadful apprehension that sent them flying to 
 the deck. Of what happened in the following few awful mon'.ents before 
 the sea stilled forever the heartrending cries of the perishing hundreds, 
 there is but one living witness, Neil Henley, at present living at Steila- 
 coom. Wash., who was a quartermaster on the steamer, and with the 
 exception of Henry K. Jelley, a passenger, since deceased, was the only 
 survivor. Henley was re.scued by the revenue cutler Oliver ll'o/tv// after 
 floating for nearly eighty hours on a piece of wreckage, and Jelley was 
 picked up by the bark Messeiif^er the second day after the accident, 
 Henley gives the following account of the calamity : 
 
 " I was off watch and went below at eight o'clock, and about 
 
 10:00 1'. M. was awakened by a crash, and getting out of my bunk found the water rushing into the hold at a 
 
 furious rate. On reaching the deck all was confusion. I looked on the starboard beam and saw a large vessel 
 
 under sail, which they said had .struck the steamer. When I first distin- 
 
 gui.sbed her .she was .showing a green light. The captain and officers of .-■f 
 
 the steamer were trying to lower the boat.s, but the passengers crowded 
 
 iu against their commands, making taeir efforts useless. There were 
 
 fifteen women and six men in the boat with me, but she struck the ship 
 
 " d filled instantly, and when I came 'ip I caught hold of a skylight, 
 
 ..iiich soon capsi/ed. I then swam to a part of the hurricane deck, 
 
 which luid eight persons clinging to it. When I looked around the 
 
 steamer had disappeared, leaving a floating mass of human beings, 
 
 whose cries and screams were awful to hear and the sight of which can 
 
 never be effaced from my memory. In a little while it was all over : the 
 
 cries had cea.sed, and we were alone on the raft, which was the part of the 
 
 deck on which was the wheelhouse. lieside myself the raft supported 
 
 the cn';,uii, second mate, cook and four passengers, one of them a young 
 
 lady. At i :oo A. 51. the sea was making a clean breach over the raft. 
 
 .\t 4:00 A. M. a heavy sea washed over us, carrying away the captain, 
 
 second mate, the lady and another passenger, leaving four of us on the 
 
 raft. .\t 9:00 A. M. the cook died and rolled ofl into the sea. At 4:00 
 
 I'. M. the mist cleared away, and we saw land about fifteen miles off. 
 
 We also saw a piece of wreckage '• 'Mi two men on it. At 5:00 r. m. 
 
 auotlier man expired, and early the next morning the other one died, 
 
 leaving nie alone. Soon after the death of the last man I caught a 
 
 floating box and dragged it on the raft. It kept the wind off, and during 
 
 the day I slept considerable. Ivarly on the morning of the eighth I was rescued by the revenue cutter W'o/ioll." 
 As Henley was not awake at the moment of the accident, and Jelley, the other survivor, was a landsman 
 
 and labiiriiig under such great excitement that he made a number of conflicting statements, just what tran.spired 
 
 in the list moments on board the doomed ve.s.sel will never be known ; but according to Jelley's account the 
 
 steamer sank .so quickly that but one attempt was made to launch a boat. Chief lingineer Houston and Freight 
 
 Clerk Hagley succeeding in getting one over the side, in which several of the women were placed, but, before it 
 
 could cle;ir the steamer, the boat cap.si/.ed and all were drowned. A baby, which a Mis. Parsons carried in her 
 
 .^HTIH-R J. C04;HLAN 
 
 ij.'.i 
 
 ! I 
 
 !;. I, 
 
 ■I 
 
 fi^^l 
 
226 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 S|?r 
 
 NMI, lil;\l.l:\ 
 
 arms, was crushed to ileatli before its mother entered the boat. Wlien the survivors reached Victoria, and before 
 the truth became known, the excitement was intense, and tlie sorrow caused was in a measure expressed by the 
 followinn editorial in t'*^ Victoria Colonist of November 9, 1S75: "We have no heart to dwell to-day 011 the 
 disaster that has hurried into eternity so many of our fellow-citi/.ens with whom only a few brief hours ago we 
 mingled on the streets or met in the social circle, as full of life, hope and energy as any who may read the ( 'oloiiisl 
 to-day. The catastrophe is so far-reaching that scarcely a hon.sehold in \'ictoria but has lost one or more of its 
 members, or must strike from its list of living friends a face and form that found ever a warm greeting within their 
 circle. A bolt out of the blue could not have cau.sed more widespread consterna- 
 tion than the awful tidings spread far and near yesterday. In some cases entire 
 families have been swept away, in others fond wives returning from a visit to their 
 childhood's home to meet husbands and children in San h'ranci.sco have gone ^fc. 
 
 down to an early grave. In others, the joyous, happy maiden, the sweet, inno- 
 cent, prattling babe, the banker, the merchant, the miner, the pid)lic officer, — all, 
 all have found a common grave in a 
 
 ' DreHclfiil and tunniltiiouH linine 
 Wide opening and lou<l roiirinn still for more.' 
 
 " Whether the catastrophe was one that human skill could have averted we 
 cannot now .say. All we do know is that a steamship carrying a cargo of i)recious 
 lives has gone down and that so far as is known only one man, out of 275 persons 
 on board, has been saved. We can only express the hope that the vessels now 
 flying like ministering angels to the scene will return with glad tidings of great 
 joy for .some of the hearts that are now bowed down with grief" 
 
 I^ater, when it was learned that the steamer had received injuries by a 
 collision with the Orpheus. Captain .Sawyer,' srrrow was mingled with a bitter 
 hatred toward the master of the vessel which, it was reported, had sailed away while the unfortunate people 
 were struggling in the water. So strong was this sentiment that he would have undoubtedly met with .severe 
 treatment had he been in the city at that time. Whether Sawyer was entitled to all the censure he received has 
 always been a question with two .sides. With a view to throwing as much light as possible on the matter, the 
 
 following statement was secured from Captain Sawyer a short time 
 before his death. In commenting on the appended verdict of the 
 coroner's jury. Captain Sawyer said : 
 
 "The Oi/tlu'iis was stccriuj,' about north, keeping dose in to tile land, with 
 the wind from the sonlhwanl, and hlowint; fresh with fine rain, the ship ^um^ 
 about twelve knots. Her head yards were hraeed sharp tip by the slarltcirii 
 braces, her main and after yards scpiare, thus leavinj; the shiji in Mich a position 
 that she coulil be hauled oiT .shore on a moment's notice, if aiiylhinj; came in 
 view. At y;;,o i', m. I left the deck in charge of a second mate, .\llen 1 lliink liis 
 name was, with orders if he saw anythinj; to starboard the wheel and keep lier 
 head to the northwest, oflT shore. I went below to consult the ch.'irt and li.'iil just 
 seated myself at the table in my caliin with my oil clothes 011, luokiii^ at tlie 
 chart, when I heard the second mate tell the man at the wheel to starlmanl his 
 helm. I looked up .at the compass over my head and saw that the ship's head 
 was rajiidly coniinj^ u]) towant the northwest. I immediately went on deck and 
 asked the officer what was the matter, and he said there was a linht dm the port 
 bow ; said it was Tlattery lij^ht. I told him it was impossible to have p'laHerv 
 liKhl on that bow, and just tlien 1 saw the MkIiI on the starboanl bow. 1 let the 
 ship come uj) in the wiinl until she headed to the southward of west, and the alter 
 sails aback. My ship now was comparatively at a standstill, in just such a position 
 as I would be if I were KoinK'o '"''e a pilot on board. This brought tlie sleainer's 
 llKlit a little forward tile starboard beam. I stood looking at her with niv ^'lasses, 
 I did not then think there was Koiny to be a collision, but, as I looked and saw no 
 clian^e in the course of the steamer, I said to the second mate, ' She will he into 
 us,' though I did not tliiiik she would, for I tlioii),'lit slie would see us ami keep 
 off. I made up my mind that she would hit us, anil shortly afterward she hlew 
 her whistle, and immediately struck us on the starboard side in the wake of the 
 main hatch. The blow wa.s' a HkI'I one. She had eviilently stopped licr eii(,'iucs 
 and was backing and ^ave us a KlanciiiK blow, for she bounded olT and ajjaiu 
 struck us at the main topmast back stays, breaking the chain plates. .She then 
 bounded olT and struck ns at the mizzeii to])iiiast ciiain plates, earryinn i«ay the 
 back stays and bumpkin, iiiain and main topsail braces, leaving me coiiipar.itively 
 a wreck on the starboard side. liefore she blew her whistle my wife came on deck 
 and stood by my side. We could plainly see her deck from the pilot-house to her bows, and not a soul was to be seen tluic as she 
 passed the stern. I hailed her and .asked her to .stand by me, but she made no reply. My w ife attempted to jump on bo, ml of her, 
 and would, had I not grabbed her. We ilrifted apart, and I tjave my attention to my ship and ^avc orders to the mate I" cut the 
 lashings on boats and to the carpenter to sound the pumps. My rail was broken from the fore riKK'nK to the main rif;i;iii.!,'. The 
 first report the carpenter made was that the ship was half full of water. I told him to take a light and ^o down the fore li itch and 
 
 ' Capt. Charles A. Sawyer was born in (lloucester, Mass., in 1S39, and followed the sea from boyhood, rrcviii.i-. to the 
 terrible wreck which brouKhl iiim into prominence the world over, he hail sailed but little on the Pacific Coast. .As so.. 11 as the 
 troubles attendant on that disaster subsided, he took eonimand of anotlier vessel, which he sailed for several yen.., finally 
 abandoning' the sea and settling at Port Townsend, where he resided until his death, October 6, iSy4 Capt. Sawye. 
 reputation of lieinK a hard master, and always had more or less trouble with his crew, a fact which is probably in a larv; 
 responsible for the feeling against him at the time of the loss of the /'n/ViV. His friends, who were by 110 means few, li 1 ■ 
 contended that lie was a deeply injured man and that his actions on the terrible night of November .), 1875, were in no w.i 
 from what could liave been expected of any shipmaster in a similar crisis. 
 
 C.\l'T. ClIARl.KS .\. SAWVKK 
 
 had the 
 measure 
 ■ always 
 lilfereni 
 
Loss of the ' 'Pacific, " New Transportation Companies on the Willamette and Calumljia 
 
 227 
 
 ia, and before 
 ressod l)y the 
 lo-diiy on the 
 ll<)tlr^ ;!(;() wi 
 1(1 tin.' ( 'i'hiiiil 
 )r nuiio of its 
 K witliin llicir 
 
 irtluiatL- people 
 net with severe 
 e received has 
 the matter, the 
 ir a sliort time 
 verdiet of the 
 
 to tile lallil, willl 
 
 tile ship nuiiii; 
 
 ly the slarlinaril 
 
 Mieh a iiositioii 
 
 ylhiiiK eame in 
 
 'lien 1 lliiiit hi* 
 
 1 anil keep lier 
 
 [irt anil lia.l j\i-t 
 
 lookiiij; at llie 
 
 t(i starlniald lli- 
 
 tlie sliiii's lieail 
 
 nt on deck aiiii 
 
 i^ht on llie pon 
 
 to have l''latler.\ 
 
 how. I let lilt 
 
 St, and the alter 
 
 St slieli a jmsitioii 
 
 f;lit the sieaiiier'> 
 
 with inv ul:iss»- 
 
 ked and saw no 
 
 She will lie into 
 
 see us and kee|i 
 
 rward she lilew 
 
 the w.ike of lllc 
 
 ped her engines 
 
 1 otr and asain 
 
 atcs. She then 
 
 arrviiiH iway the 
 
 lie eoiii]'aratively 
 
 ife came nil deck 
 
 en their as slic 
 
 on board of lier, 
 
 mate t" cut the 
 
 The 
 
 in n};t;i"K'' 
 
 le lore 
 
 rreviii 
 As so. 
 ral ye. 11 
 Sawvi . 
 a la'rK- 
 lew, li.i 
 no wa;. 
 
 !■' h iteli anil 
 
 1^ to the 
 111 as the 
 ., fiuallv 
 had the 
 ineasnre 
 ,' always 
 .lilTereui 
 
 see. Ill i!h' meaiitinie I fouiiil there was no water in the hold. I then gave orders to the mate to never mind tlie boats, bnl to take 
 all hand- .mil secure the back slays and repair damages. All niv starboard braces had been carrieil away with the blocks, etc. 
 Siiw, while I was attending to the condition of the ship, it certainly took from ten to fifteen ininntes, and dnriiiK that time I never 
 looked aiii r the steamer, neither did any one else that 1 know of. We were all busy attending to our own necessities. When, after 
 1 fiiinid I was not seriously daniHKed, I lookeil for the steamer, I just .saw a lin'it on our starboaril ipinrter, and when I looked 
 aeaiii it w.is ^(Hie. There has heen a >;reat deal said about the cryiii).; and screaming of the women and children mi the steamer. 
 Sot one -oiinil was heard from her by any one on my slii]), neither was any one seen on board of her. Neither did any one on iiiy 
 .illip think lor a moment that any injury of any kind had happened to the steamer, lor at 1 :,V' that iiiK'Hf as the sailors were fiirlin>; 
 the spanker, they cominenceil to K'rowl, as sailors will, about the steamer, after running' us down, to no (df and leave lis in that 
 shape, wiiliont stopping to inquire whetlier we were injured or not." 
 
 Several of the liodies washed ashore from the stiiiken steamer, that of Miss l''aiiiiy I'ahiier iieiiig fottml 011 
 the be.uli al X'icloria a short distance from her home and over forty miles from the scene of the wreck. The 
 coroner's jury at Victoria were specially severe on Captain vSawyer in the following verdict retnrned at the 
 inipiest oil the body of Thomas J. Ferrill, one of the victims : 
 
 'That the said steamer Puiifit sank after a collision with the American ship Oiphi in, olT Cape I'lalterv. on the iiiKht of 
 Noveniher .|, 1S75 ; that the I'aii/ir struck the Oifhciis on the starboard side with her stein a very liniil blow, the shock of which 
 should not have ilamaKed the /'miric if she had heen a sound and snlistaiitial vessel ; that the collision hetwceii them was caused liy 
 the Oi/i/iiiis not keeping the appronchiiiK I'lici/ii's liKlit on her port bow as when first seen, hut piitliuK the helm hard to 
 st.irhoard. and nnjustifiably crossiuK the I'milii's bow ; that the natch cm the deck of the /'m i/ii at the time of the collision was not 
 sulheieiit in nninber lo keep a proper lookout, the watch consisting only of three imii, namely, one at the wheel, one sniiposed to be 
 on the hiokciut, and the third mate, a yonnn iiiau of doulitful experience ; that the /',iti/ic had ahout 2.vS pas.seiigers on hoard at the 
 time of the collision ; that she had five boats, the utmost carrying capacity of which dii\ not exceed 160 persons ; that the boats were 
 not and eniihl not be hiwered by the iindiscipliiied and inexperienceil crew ; 
 that the captain of the Orpht'tts sailed away, after the collision, and <lid not 
 remain hy the I'luijir to ascertain the damage she had sustained." ^ 
 
 Xattirally enonKh so great a calamity called forth an endless 
 miniber of Mnnchansenlike yarns, many of them reflecting .seriously 
 on the iiiifortiinate officers of the steamer, Init none of which were 
 proven. With the exception of the crew of the Oip/idis, no one was 
 left alive in a position to furnish evidence as to the alleged carelessness 
 of the l\iii/i,'s officers, and the statement that they were intoxicated 
 and inattentive lo duty was as cruel as it was uncalled for. A large 
 crowd of miners on board were well supplied with money, and conse- 
 (piently many of them were probably under the influence of liquor 
 ami were making things merry, and this fact has been the foundation 
 oil which many unreasonable stories have been built. Among the 
 lost passengers were several people of considerable prominence in the 
 N'orthwesl. Mr. Chisholm was one of the owners of the Utsalady 
 Mills ; Mr. Hellmute was a prominent Walla Walla merchant ; Fred 
 I). Hard was for .several years postal agent for Washington Territory ; 
 Mr. Victor was the husband of Frances V. \'ictor, the well known 
 authoress. S. P. Moody, principal owner of the lUirrard's Inlet Saw- 
 mills ; F. Care.sche, a prominent X'ictoria banker ; Captain Parsons, 
 a Kraser River steamboatman ; his wife, Jennie Parsons, formerly 
 Jennie Mandeville, one of the three sisters of that name ; another 
 Mster ami her brother, Cal Mandeville, all well known theatrical 
 people, were among the lost. G. T. Vining, a Puyallup merchant, was goini; down to dispose of three hundred 
 bales of hops which he had on board the steamer.. Among her freight were two tlKuisaiid sacks of oats, ten tons 
 of sundries, one hundred and eleven hides, ten cords of bolts and two hundred and eighty tons of coal from Pnget 
 Sotiiid, and eleven casks of furs, thirty-one barrels of cranberrie.s, two hundred and fifty hides, two cases of opium, 
 eifjhteer. tons of merchandise, six horses, two buggies and $79,220 treasure from X'ictoria. 
 
 The Or/y/iriis was in ballast from San Francisco to Nanaimo to load coal, and sailed from the Bay City, 
 October 2yth. She was a vessel of about 1,100 tons register, built at Chelsea, Mass.. in is^f', and had made 
 ten voyajjes around the Horn. Her last deep-water voyage was from Androssan, with coal for San F'rancisco. 
 She then made a trip to Nanaimo and was on her second trip north when the collision with the /'nri/if occurred. 
 After repairing the damage in the best manner possible, the Orpheus continued on her way, but a few hours 
 later stranded on the west coast of Vancouver Island near Cape Heal and became a total loss. She carried a 
 crew ol lueiUy-one men, who were cared for on reaching shore by Capt. A. 0. Kaing,'' owner of a trading station 
 near the spot where the .ship struck. Some of the rigging and sails were saved, and in January, i.Sg;,, nearly 
 eighteen years after the wreck, her anchors and two hundred and twenty fathoms of chain were picked up by 
 J. C. Pievost's wrecking steamer Muscoltc and carried to Victoria. Owing to the intense excitement cau.sed by tiie 
 wreck of the Pacific, Sawyer was immediately accused of casting his ship away, and was arrested on that charge 
 
 'Cipt. An '.rew 0. I.aing, son of Victoria's pioneer shipbuilder, Robert Lain;,', was hotn at St. Andrexvs, Scotland, in iSi7, 
 arriyiMRai Victoria ill I.S5.1. Heenn«K*d in the IradiiiK htisiness on the coast in 1S71, and for .several years conducted trailiiiK stations 
 It dilTereiit pniiiis alon^ the shore of Vancouver Island. A few years after the wreck of the Piuijic, the schooner // '. /'. Stiyu-iiiil 
 »as coiiMiucled for him by his father, further mention of the snh,se(|ueiit career of this craft, which played so important a part in 
 the interiMiional sealiu),' trouble, and also of I.aing's connection with the same, will be found in the supplemental chapter devoted 
 tosealiui 
 
 CAl-r. Anokkw 1>. I. aim. 
 
 'I 1 i 
 
 ' 1 
 
 
 I if 
 
 B 
 
1 
 
 I 
 
 ^{^1 
 
 u 
 
 lil'l) 
 ■ I 
 
 V: 
 
 228 
 
 Lewis (f Dryden'a Marine History of the Paoifio Northwest 
 
 nt Sail Francisco, but after a tlioruiiKh oxainiiiation was acquitted. Captain Sawyer's explanation, wiiidi was 
 fully corroborated, is as follows : " Cape Heal linlit had only been lighted for four or five months then, and I had 
 no record of it. My sailiiiK directions gave Cape Flattery as the most iiorlhern light, and the neKlinL-iicc of the 
 .second mate in not calling me when he found lie could not steer the courses given him caused the lo^s of the 
 Or[>heus. I have a letter from Captain Gilkey of the ship Mcsscii^i-r. which picked up the man Jelley, saviii); hi- 
 mistook Cape Heal light for Cape I'lattery, and had he made the light earlier he would have been in the same fi.n 
 that I was in, but he fortunately did not get up to it until daylight, and then he saw by the land that it cdulcl not 
 be the entrance to Fuca Straits." 
 
 Over twenty years had elapsed since the old l,azetle went skyward in one of the worst boiler explosions 
 ever recorded in the Northwest, and in 1875 the horror was repeated on a smaller .scale on the steamer Scimlor. 
 She was plying between Portland and Oregon City, and her landing at the former place was at the fool of Alder 
 Street. On the afternoon of May 6th she ran down to the Oregon Steamship dt)ck to take on .some freight, and 
 abou'. 2:30 p. M. started to return to her regular landing-place to take pa.s.seiigers for Oregon City. As she 
 ro'.indcd to and was swinging into the dock, after her wheel had stopped revolving, there was a terrific explosion, 
 which was felt all over the city. The pilot-hou.se was blown one hundred feet in the air, and all of the cal)iii ami 
 hou.se forward of the king-post were blown into slivers. Capt. Dan MrGill, who was at the wheel, was instantiv 
 killed, although Felix F^vans, a well known marine engineer, who was standing beside him, escaped with the loss 
 of a leg. The worst havoc was on the lower deck. Here George Warner, fireman, James Smith, John Ciwgrove 
 and John Crowley, deckhands, and J. I). I.ocey, purser, were instantly killed, the latter having just conie down 
 from his office jireparatory to going ashore. Klaus lieckman, a passenger, was al.so killei', John I.eary, male. 
 Grif Jones, steward, and Charles Lyons, ICdward Cowhey, Charles Grant, O. Wood and J. Wilkinson were 
 
 .seriou.sly injured, Jones remaining a cripple for life. 
 Over twenty pa.ssengers were in the cabin, well aft 
 of the king-post, and e.scaped without injury. The 
 steamer / a/iivinri; alongside of which the Semlor 
 was expected to land, immediately went to her assis- 
 tance and rescued the ii.jurtd, as well as the passen- 
 gers who were unhurt. The wreck floated down the 
 river, drifting ashore opposite the Oregon Slcam.ship 
 dock, and it was found that the forward end of tlie 
 fire box was all that remained of the boiler. (5eorge 
 Warner, the fireman, a young man from Oregon Cilv, 
 was more terribly mangled than any of the olliers. 
 He was standing in front of llie boiler, and was 
 blown among the cordwood in the hold and crushed 
 and torn almost beyond recognition. J. \'. Smith, 
 chief engineer, was .severely censured by the verdict, 
 the coroner's jury finding, "That said explosion 
 occurred by reason of insufficiency of water in the boiler, and that J. V. Smith, engineer, acted willumt due 
 caution, as it seems to us by the testimony of witnes.ses, and was therefore guilty of criminal negligence." vSmilh 
 was subsequently arrested on a charge of manslaughter, but was acquitted. The result of the terrible disaster, 
 however, always weighed heavily on his mind, and, while the responsibility was not fixed on him, he .seldom had 
 charge of steamers afterward. 
 
 In November a mysterious fate overtook the crew of the schooner Sunshine, built at Coos Bay in 
 September, KH75. In command of Capt. George Bennett, who was also half owner of the vessel, she arrived at 
 San Francisco on her first trip October 8th, and, after discharging her lumber cargo, sailed for her home port 
 November 3d, with a partial cargo of merchandise, fifteen pas.sengers, and a crew of ten. She was not sighted 
 after leav-ng the Bay City until November iSth, when her hull was seen floating bottom up close in shore north 
 of Cape Hancock, and a few days later it drifted ashore near Ivasterbrook's place, Long Beach, .so badly wrecked 
 that no clew co.ild be discovered as to the exact fate of the crew and passengers. Captain Bennett had will) him, 
 as mates on his .:-.::t trit), John Thompson and Joseph John.son, both experienced seamen, and the supposition is 
 that the schooner, being new and stiff, was caught in a gale and "turned turtle." The craft was valued at 
 $32,000, the cargo at $18,000, and there was also $10,000 in coin aboard with which to pay bills incurred in her 
 construction. Iv B. Deane and Mrs. Haughstead of vSan Francisco were associated with Captain Bennett in llie 
 ownership. 
 
 The bark Florence, a veritable floating coffin, foundered November 17th about forty miles off the I'mpqiia 
 River. She sailed from Port Discovery, November 3d, with 300,000 feet of lumber, and on the sixteenth was 
 caught in a heavy .southea.st gale and began leaking .so badly that at 3:00 A. m. on the seventeenth the cn-\v were 
 forced to abandon her. They took to the boats, and, as water was scarce, they attempted to land near w here the 
 brig I'aivn had gone ashore a few years before. In steering through the breakers the boat capsized, and. vvilh the 
 single exception of seaman Daniel Deary, all were drowned. The crew of the Florence on her last Iriji was as 
 
 nKir. '■ Sra Wait." Formkri.y "Siki" 
 Wrecked on Sntid Nlaiid \'^~.\ 
 
Loss of the "Pacific," Nuw Transportation Companies on the Willamette and Cnlamhia 
 
 229 
 
 4i:' 
 
 >!| 
 
 follows: S. A. Dayton, r.iptnin ; Aiulersoii, first iiintc ; Carey, second mate; Malcolm (Irant, William Huncan, 
 Mcl'lier^i '11, Welch, Deary, an unknown Norwegian (u>m Tncoma, Neamen ; nntl the Chinese cook. Captain 
 Davtoii w.is well ki'.own on the Coast, having lieen first in command of the old hark (ilymfinf in the forties, and 
 aflcrwanl of many others. 
 
 The .Vme.ican ship Emily J'urnuni. i, 194 tons, sailed from Sail I'Vancisco for Departure Itay, Novemher 12, 
 1875, in command of Captain Austin, with nine passengers, nineteen crew, and one hundred tons of railroad iron. 
 She had line weather until the sixteentli, when a heavy southeast ^jale rajjed, during which the cargo shifted and 
 the ship Inst considerahle canvas. On the eighteenth the wind inciea.sed, accompanied by scptalls and snow, and 
 at iiiidiiiKht land was reported dead ahead. An attempt was at once made to stay the ship, which failed, and she 
 was again hauled to the wind, hut, in endeavoring to weather Destruction Island, a In, ivy sea drove the ves.sel 
 toward llic rocks, and at i2:,?o she struck heavily. The jiort anchor was let go and the main and mi/.zen mast 
 cutaway. An eflfort was also made to launch the boats, hut they were destroyed hy the force of the waves. The 
 I'orem.ist was then cut away, forming a l)ri<lge to the rocks to the leeward. At 2:00 A. m. the vessel parted 
 aiiiidsliip'', the top part of her house, to which fourteen of the men clung, lodging on the rocks, where the 
 iiirvivors remained until morning. Thomas McOilt swam from the rock to the main part of the island with a 
 line, ami a small raft was made and attached, hy means of which they reached shore two at a time. liefore 
 liiiililiiig the raft, two of the men swam to the island, and John Hoaglin, a native of Sweden, and the Chinese 
 cook, were drowned in attempting the same feat. The survivors remained on the islan<l for several days, 
 subsisting on fiour and cahhage, until they were taken to the mainland hy the Indians. From there they went to 
 Gray's Harbor, Second Officer Ueed and twelve men proceeding to Astoria, where Captain Holies of the A/ax 
 kindly ^ave them passage to San 
 Francisco. Captain Austin and the 
 rest of the crew remained at Gray's 
 Harbor to recuperate. The wreck 
 \\!i9. caii.sed by the chronometer being 
 out of order, as an ob.servation taken 
 iiii tlie eighteenth showed the ves.sel 
 to be seventy-five miles off shore. 
 
 The steanishi]> Hasl/>o>l, from 
 Coos Bay for San Krancisco, in 
 charge of James F. Whitney, cap- 
 lain, .\lfred Sheppard, chief engi- 
 neer, H. Mclver, second engineer, 
 \. X. McDonough, first officer, and 
 Henry King, .second officer, struck a 
 reef north of Point Arena lighthouse 
 July 2;,d, during a thick fog. The 
 [usseiigers made a rush for the boat 
 licfore it could be launched, broke 
 the lashings, and all hands fell into the water. Mrs. John Armstrong and two children lost their lives ; her 
 husband, with one child, eleven other iias.seiigers and the crew, reached shore in .safety. The liastport was owned 
 hy I. I,. Poole, R. D. Chandler, George Fitch and Donald Beedle, and was valued at S.S5,(ioo, with an insurance 
 of Sf'O.cxxi. The wreck was sold to John Ro.senfeld for $300. 
 
 Two days after the /;"rtti//>i'/-/ disaster, the bark Clani R. Sidil. Cupt. George Caleb, from San Francisco for 
 Coos liay, sprang a leak during a gale and foundered so (piickly that the crew were unable to provi>ii)n their 
 boats. They all escaped, but were in an open lioat for four days and nights before they were picked up, \\\ latitude 
 j9' north, longitude 126° west, by the schooner Skylark. Captain Goodman, and taken to San Francisco 
 
 The United States steamship Saraiiar, an old sidewheeler carrying ten guns and three hundred men, struck 
 irock in Seymour Narrows, June 15th, and became a total wreck. The steamer had been dispatched from San 
 Francisco to Alaska to collect curios for the Centennial Exposition and was in charge of pilot George. .\t 
 the time of the accident .she was running about fourteen knots an hour and struck heavily on her port side. .She 
 hung lor a moment and then slipped off, filling so rapidly that she was headed at once for Vancouver Island, 
 where she grounded among the rocks, giving the crew barely time to reach shore with their personal baggage 
 and a few stores before she sank out of sight. The Sara/iar was officered by W. W. Green, captain ; M. W. 
 J^aunders, lieutenant commander ; W. H. Parker, navigating lieutenant; G. R. Hush, chief engineer ; J. Gamis, 
 assistant engineer ; F. T. Gillet, surgeon ; F\ A. Mulluney, paymaster. On receipt of the news at Victoria, 
 H. li. M. ship .^[yrmidon was .sent to the rescue and rendered valuable assistance to the shipwrecked crew. 
 
 Tlie American bark Architect, Captain Mertage, in ballast from ,San Francisco for Cementville, on the 
 Columbia, was wrecked on Clatsop .Spit, March 28th. She attempted to follow the British ship Pactoliis, which 
 W.1S sailing in with a pilot on board, but the wind died out, and she drifted on the spit. The anchor was let 
 go, but she struck so heavily that when the tide rose she filled. The crew took to the rigging and were rescued 
 
 IlKirisH Stk.\mi:k " C,1 HTKII'K' 
 
 
 ■t 
 
I-. 
 
 f «i. 
 
 Il' 
 
 :'i 
 
 i) 
 
 230 
 
 Lewii (f Drydfn's Mnrine History of the Paoiflo Northwest 
 
 Cai'T. i.kstkh a. IIAII.K\' 
 
 the next dny liy a lifilioat toweil from tlie Ciipc l>y tlic tug .Isloria and niiinnetl by Meut. Sam JoneH ami 
 tlie Allen lirolhers. The vess-1 liecame almost a total loss, and the wreck was sold to Mr. Can ibr f^j 
 The Anhiliil, which was owned by the Ceinentville Mill Conipniiy was liuilt in Kockhunl, Me., in iHss. HHistcred 
 .'7() tons, and was valued at 5f<."<"i. !^he had only recently heen placed in this trade, havinn previon^lv scrvtd 
 
 for ten years between llnniboldt and San l-'ranciseo. The .XiinTicaii 
 bark Wind war J, 7HJ tons, in cumniand of Capt. A, IC. Willinnis, with 
 a crew of fifteen, sailed from Seattle, December ,Vi, 1^7,^, with a carijii 
 of lumber for San Francisco and at ,s:4,s i'. M. ran ashore in t'sekss 
 Hay, Whidby Island, duriuK a thick fo^, becoming a total Inss. The 
 NicaraKuan ship I'l/ianio. Ca])t. Juan A. Dam, from Callao for PotI 
 Townsend in ballast, stranded on the rocks on the western jjniiit ni 
 Neah Hay at fi;ou A. .m., January 19, 1S7S. A heavy snowsturm pre- 
 vailed at the time, and a current setting in threw the slii|i on ija 
 rocks before tho.se on board were aware of their |)roximily to danger 
 The northeast jjale then ra>;in>i; rendered it impossible to launch .1 
 boat for several hours after striking, but they finally hUicccded in 
 reaching shore, and at iu;ou v. .m. the ship bilged and became a total 
 lo.ss. She was a well built vessel of 750 tons register and was valued 
 at 5_^(),(KH). 
 
 The American bark Union, from Nanaimo for San Francisco 
 was wrecked on Clarke's Island, near the entrance to Kosario Straits, 
 May 7th, becoming a total loss. On reaching .San I'Vancisco the 
 steward claimed to have overheard a plot in which the caplain and 
 mate decided to purposely . -oy the vessel. Capt. J. M. Mindell, 
 and Deane, his mate, were ai. 'sted on this charge, but after an inve>- 
 tigation were discharged. The 
 schooner Alire llnakr, formerly 
 in the San Francisco and Port- 
 land trade, was lost in the spnng of 1875 in a simoon off the Amoor River. 
 She carried as cargo two steamers built at Stockton for the Russian Gov- 
 ernment at a cost of $40,0110. The wreck came ashore on .Sakhalin Island, 
 but nothing was saved from it. The bark Milan, a pioneer lumber drogher 
 of the Northwest, burned in Mission Hay, San h'rancisco, August 17th, with 
 a cargo of merchandise for Yokohama. Pope & Talbot, her owners, esti- 
 mated their loss at $i.S,ooo. The Willamette River .steamer Albany, Captain 
 Vickers, was sunk on the Long Tom River, January 6th, becoming a total 
 loss. At San Juan Island the schooner Ontario, owned by H. I,. Tibbals 
 and sailed by James McCurdy, parted her moorings March .i.sth, and was 
 driven on the rocks by a heavy .sea and damaged beyond repair. The 
 British ship Camille Caioiir, froui Port I)i.scovery for Peru with lumber, was 
 
 abandoned in the North Pacific in October, 
 
 * the wreck afterward drifting ashore at Man- 
 
 ^ zanillo. A similar fate befell the Hritish 
 
 ^E^^^^^ ship I.i)<;uria from Hurrard's Inlet for Callao, which was abandoned in a walei 
 
 ^^HHP^^^^ logged condition October i ith. The crews of both vessels were rescued. The' hrig 
 
 ^^|RL ^l||^^ Willimanlic, an old-time northern trader, foundered off Humboldt, Xovcnilier jd. 
 
 T^ '" and nothing was ever heard of Captain Olsen and his crew of eight men, altliougb 
 
 the wreck came ashore near (iold Heacli. The schooner S/>ario-,f .stranded near 
 
 I'nip(|ua, Decend)er ^tli, and three lives were lost. On the same day the schooner 
 
 habilla, while en route from Nanaimo to \'ictoria, was wrecked on X'ancouver 
 
 Island, and the steamship I'lntura at Point Sur, on the southern coast, Ai'iil 21'th. 
 
 Among the notable deaths of the year was that of Capt. William McNeil, 
 
 a native of Hoston, who pas.sed away at \'ictoria, Sejjtember 4th. Captain McNeil 
 
 first arrived on the Coast in 18 16, returned to Boston in iH2(y in the bri^ ('oiiivv. 
 
 and came out again in 1832 in command of the American brig /.lama, wliich was 
 
 sold to the Hud.son's Bay Company. Captain McNeil then entered theii service 
 
 and remained with them until 1865. His name finds frequent mention in previous chapters. Capt. Robei' Haley, 
 
 who came to the Pacific Coast from New Orleans in 1850 and commanded the different steamships owncl by the 
 
 Wrights, died in San Franci.sco, January 31st, aged sixty years. Another pioneer steamship master, Cai'. Edgar 
 
 Wakeman, passed away in Oakland, Cal., May Sth. Capt. Aaron Vickers met his death at Oregon City, Icbruary 
 
 13th, from the eflfects of exposure at the time of the sinking of the steamer Albany. 
 
 L'Al'l". Wll.l.l.AM .MeNlll. 
 
 ■SSjAV,,; 
 
 J. llAreil 
 
L')si> (if tht< "Pacific," New rrwsiinrl.itinn l',i>mp;\niva on thr WilLinwtti' .iii'l (.oliiniliia 
 
 23 » 
 
 (^' 
 
 AlkT an alisi'iu'u ol iiiaiiy yi'ars, Captain Aitiswortli ami Itiii aHHociutcs ol tlu' Oregon Steam Navigation 
 Odinpiiu ajjaiii I'liti'io.l tlie liuld 011 tlii' Will.imi-ttt.' in 1M7S, Tlu- intoriiiK widni' which opi'iuil llii' way lor the 
 iilliiDiii ciiiitrol of this tiiKJL' wn-. driven the year liefore, when they assisted llolladay in his liuhl iinainst the 
 U'illaiiM ite River Trannportation C<nnpany hy rnnilinn steamers on the Oregon City route. 'I'hey lollowcd up 
 
 this advaii a. '• in iH;,^ hy al)sorliin>; the Willamette Kiver Transporta- 
 tion Company, nnd incorporating Decetnlicr 2i)th nnder the name of 
 Willamette Transportation M; l/icks Company, with a capitalization of 
 Ji,iHK),uini. Ity tlie terms of this transfer the former company ceased 
 to exist, and the (»,i.'^;on Steam Navigation Company, althonuli owning 
 a lnrne majority of tlie stock in the new ornani/ation, remained a 
 separate institntion. The oflicers of the new corporation were: J. C. 
 Ainsworth, president ; R. R. Thompson, vicepresident ; Theodore 
 VV'yuant, H. Ciohlsmith, I'Vank T. notice, directors, They acipiiied the 
 locks at ( )re^;on City, l'"armers' Worehonse at Astoria, the waterfront 
 recently purchased there by the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, 
 and the steamers W'illannile Cliiff, (ioiefiior (iiovir, Hfitifr, Cliamf>i<»i, 
 .liiiiie Sli;>arl, Onidtnl and (^riiiit, nnd the harges .lii/nin-l, (.'oliiiiihiii 
 and ( oliiiiibiit ( '///(/, and i.fterward secnred the Willamette River steamers 
 of the Oregon .Steamship Company. The Onidiiil and (hicHl were 
 twins, the dimensions of each being : length, one hundred and titty four 
 feet ; beam, thirty-five feet ; depth of hold, five feet ; the engines of the 
 former were sixteen by sixty-six inches and of the latter sixteen by 
 seventy-two inches. The Un'eiil made her trial trip August loth, and 
 both of them continued on the Willamette nnder the flag of the 
 Willamette Transportation iV Locks Company until t,S7c), when the 
 Oregon Steam Navigation Company again took them. Capt. (leorge 
 Jerome was master of the Orient for nearly ten years, and, on his death, 
 Sherman Short aiul John (lore were in command. After n great amount of hard work on the Willamette, she 
 beciime so old and tender that in i,S(;2 the steamer was sold to Captain Callahan ' for |i,S'>i>. Her new owner rebuilt 
 i\ I, iiul a year later she struck the draw of Morrison Street bridge, tearing a hole in the bow which sent her to 
 llu'liiitloni. She was raised with dilTicnlty, and a few months later sank in the Cowlitz River. The water receding 
 left her high and dry, but before repairs were completed she was totally destroyed by fire. Iler companion, the 
 Oicidiiil, performed good .service on the Willamette until iSSy, when she was condemne<l by the (lovernnient and 
 retired to the boncyard. Hoth steamers have been officered at difTerent times by nearly all the ]iroiuiueut sleam- 
 liiiatinen on the river, Capt. Miles Hell and Ivngiueer William J. Maher .serving for several years 011 the Oaidiiil. 
 
 The Oregon Steamship Com])any replaced the steamer .l/f'/jiiy, 
 lost tile |ireceding year, with the /loiuviva, launched at Oregon City in 
 July, making her trial trip August 7tli. Capt. J. I). Tackaberry was her 
 first master. .\ year later she sank at Rook Island, remaining sub- 
 merged for three months before she was raised and repaired, .\fter 
 passing into the hands of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, she 
 fduiid steady employment on the Willamette until is,s,s, when, in com- 
 mand of her first master, she struck a sunken rock wdiile making a 
 landing at Wallings and went to the bottom. The machinery was 
 saved, but the boat pa.ssed out of existence. James Wilson, .Miles Bell 
 
 Kk.NhSr W. Sl'l-.Ntt.K 
 
 ' Capt. Tlioiiias Cullahan was liorii at St. Joliiis, NewrniiiKllaiiil, ill |S^6. He 
 ran aw.iy frniii lioiiie and went to sea at tile »)ie of tell and lieK.ui sailing 011 deep- 
 walt'r vi'ssi'ls, arriving in San I'ranciseo in iS^i. He siihscqiieiilh returned I'last 
 1111(1 saiU'il out of Boston for .abont twenty >ears, five of wliieli were spt-nt as male 
 (Ml .\ll;uitie slL'.aniers and the rest in coniiiiaiul of sailinjr vt'ssels. IJe went to San 
 I'ranci^io in i.Syfi .iinl look coinniand of a schooner lioninl for Cocos Island, in 
 search nf treasure sii]iposeil to he hidden there. On returning from this expedition 
 i\\ iiiDmhs later, he went to Portland and ennaneil in hoatinj; on the Colnmhi.i 
 KiuT. Ilu a-.sisted in the constrnelion of the /liiiilrcs^ and two oilier schooners, 
 saiHiiu the former ;i few seasons, and was afterward in the employ of the Oregon 
 RaiKva\ ."^ Navinalioii Company for six years as liartjeniastcr. He then liiiilt the 
 sli'aniii Ma>i;ie from the luill of the old /'/iza /.lu/tf, and after rnnniiiK her five 
 years miM her to jjo to the .Soniid and purchased the strainer ('//Vh/, with which 
 
 lie wav \,-ry nnfortnnate, sinking her several times and finally losiiii,; her 1)\' lire in 1'kkh\' scott 
 
 .Septiiti't-r, |S9(. 
 
 William J. Mailer, engineer, Portland, Or., has been ill the employ of tile Oregon Railway S: Navij;ation Company and its 
 lireiUd .sors for over twenty ye.ars. He was second engineer on the Oneoiilii with Capt. John Wolf in 1S7S, KoiiiK from her to the 
 llic/r 1/ , ,/, where he held a similar position. He was next on the Oniili'iil on the Willamette Kiver. scrviii;; for sever.il years iis 
 rliii.i' ( ii'.;iiiccr with Capt. Miles Hell, John Oore and Shcrinan Short. In 1.SH7 he was eiiHaKed as chief on the /;. A'. Coit'/c, noin^^ 
 friiiii li. I to the .S'. 6". AVf(/, on which he remained for several years. In i8y2 lie joined the steamer A/iufi'C, with which he has been 
 coaiicui d most of the time since that dale. In addition to those alioye nieiilioned, Mr. .Maher has heeii employed at short intervals 
 on a miaiher of other steamers owned by the Oregou Railway & Navigation Company. 
 
 1 r-[i 
 
 I 
 
 ^!l 
 
 fti;t: 
 
 
 l. 14' 
 
m 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
 Mh: 
 
 ! ; 
 
 I;:- 
 
 ! i ' ■ 
 
 Jjili 
 
 232 
 
 Lewis ($ Drydens Marine History of tfie Pacific Nortiiwesi 
 
 CAPT. CiEOKCE Kaahe 
 
 and L. A. Bailey are the best known among her coniiuanders. The Oregon Steam Navigation Coiiipanv 
 launched th. fine steamer lionila in March, 1875, for the lower river trade. .She made her trial trip Ajiril 22(i. 
 Capt. George Pease liad command for the first year, and in 1876, during the .seaside rush, she was put 011 the 
 Astoria route as a special night hoat, with a passenger rate of five dollars. Capt. George Ainsworth ran her to 
 
 Kalama and Astoria in 1877, and for the next five years she was in charge of 
 Captain Babbidge on the same route. Capt. John Wolf afterward ran her to the 
 Cascades. As finer boats appeared, the Bonita was withdrawn from the passenger 
 traffic except for occasional trips, but, when the Wide West became too old ami 
 ^fttm^ cxpensi'L' for the Cascade run, the noiiita was placed in that .service. While in 
 
 ^T command of Capt. A. B. Pillsbury she was wrecked on Fa.shion Reef iluring ,1 
 
 ^■W^* severe windstorm, December 7, 1892. Unsucce.ssful efforts were made to float her, 
 
 ^^k 1^^ and she was finally dismantled. The lionita was one hundred and fifty-five feet 
 
 j^B^^ long, thirty feet beam, six feet hold, with engines sixteen by .seventy-two inches, 
 
 ^^A^^^^^^k The .steamer Champion was launched at Oregon City, June 28th, making her trial 
 
 T^^^^^^^^BH ' 'rip two weeks later. She was one hundred and fifty-.sevcn feet long, thirty-five 
 
 ^([^ ^F feet beam, and iwii feet six inches hold, with engines from the Shoshone, sixteen 
 
 ^^ Sm by forty-eight inches. James Wilson, her first captain, was succeeded in i.S;^ hy 
 
 William P. Gray George Jerome, Miles Bell, L. A. Bailey, George Reynolds and 
 J. L. Smith were among the best known 
 of her masters. She lasted until 1 89 1 and 
 was then dismantled at ■.he Oregon Rail- 
 way & Navigation Company's boneyard. 
 
 The remarkable success of the steamer Ohio induced Captain 
 Scott and his associates to increase their facilities, and in May, 1875, the 
 U. B. vScott Steandioat Company was organized by I', B. Scott, L. B. 
 vSeely, Z. J. Ilalcl ," S. H. Brown and M. S. Burrell. Vnder the super- 
 vision of the head of the company, the steamer Cily 0/ Salem, the finest 
 Willamette steamer yet floated, was built, making her trial trip October 
 2i.st. The success of this steamer was but a continuation of that 
 enjoyed by the Ohio. She could carry an iniinen.se load on very 
 .shallow water, and when light her master a.sserted that all she needed 
 to run on was a heavy dew. In February, 1876, she ascended the 
 
 Santiam as far as Jefferson. 
 Ill July, 1878, her engines 
 were replaced by larger ones, 
 those of the Cilv of Salem 
 being transferred to the Oliio. 
 ^_,„ ^ _ and when she was again in 
 
 service she was commanded 
 l)y Capt. Iv. W. Spencer, J. W. Newkirk, purser. Perry Scott," engineer 
 
 'Capt. '/..]. Hatch was lioiii in Moiitii-fU(i, N. V., 111 i>|(., i'aiin> tci I'.iillainl 
 ill IS, 2 anil fouilil clliployllleiil in tlu' cnnim'uriiii; ck ii.illliiiMlt of tlir Ncntlierli 
 Pai-ilic Railroad. In iS7\'1r' reinovcil t(^ Tacoiiia, wlu'it' lit' servoil as l)oo!;-keeper 
 and iKiyiiiastiT for tlio Tarnnia I, and Company, llien clearing ami jjradiiij,' Inr the 
 new town. Ilf went to I'ortlam! in rSj.t and ran as purser (or Capt. V . H. Scoll 
 and I,. It. .Seely, wlio lia<I just eoiniileted ilie i>hio, llie lirst linlit-ilrart sle.iiiier mi 
 tile Willanietle. In 1S75 II.ilcli seenred a one lil'lli interest in llie I'. H Scoll 
 .Sleaintioal Coinpaiiy ami was a.ssocialed with V . 11. .Seoll, I.. H. ,Seely, S. 11. Ilrmui 
 and M. S. Hnnell. The eonipaiiy hnilt the Cily 0/ Saleiii and operated her In 
 eonneetion with the ('/;/,■ iili llateli as pnrser. In 1X7(1 he acted as ayeiil of 
 the coinpaiiy .'it roitland. 1 1 uiiinj; in this position until 1X71), w'leii he dl^poseil 
 of his holdings and enj^a^eil e\leiisively in llie wheal tnisiness. In 1S77 he secured 
 the . /. . /. Mi( 'ullv. with which he was very snecessliil, and in iS.Si he coii^micli'il 
 the sleaiiishii> )'(((/k/hi(. which linrneil the following' year. In 1S.S5 the . /. ./■ 
 Mif'iilly was hiirned at Cascade I.ocks, where she had lien taken to atlciiii'l lla' 
 passaj.;e iiji over the rapids. .-Vt the time of the Cteiir d'.-Meiie ininiiiK cxi'iuiiienl, 
 111 coiii]iaiiv with I. 1!. ,Saiili<irn, Ilatcli linilt the sterinvheel steamer ( niii d' AUnc. 
 .\fter retiriiiH from that venture lie formeil a partnership with Frank V. Mnilli, 
 liouHlit the steamer /•'leel:cooil and took her from the Coininhia to Tuuei ."mHiihI. 
 When the Columliia River iS: I'li^et Sound Navi^'ation Coinpany was oi').;aui .cd llic 
 /•'li-iiuvOi/ was idisorhed and Hatch retired. He then began the coiistniruon of 
 the .^foiiliiello. which he comiileted early in i.Syi. 
 ' I'errv Scoll was horn in Ohio, where -le followed his profession as iiiarine engineer for a ^reat many years, and in i" 
 to Portland a,.. I hc^aii rniininn with his hroli.er, l'a|it r. It. S..."., on the Cily of Snlnii, reniainiiig there for six ye.'irs, exc. 
 few montlis while he was en^;af;ed on the steamer .N'mMrccv/, between Wallnla .'iml I.ewiston. In iS.Sj he was appointeil 
 "■e transfer boat FiiJciiik i!illiiiv;s .il .'VinsHorlh. but returned to the lower rive and ran for a year with Ca|itaiii Si' 
 liie steamer Salem, anil was also oil the snanboat ( onui/lis for a year with Capt Jidiii (.ore. He was afterward on Joseiih K 
 jteainers for nearlv three vears, and in iS.SS ran for a short time on the le/e/t'iitiie, Koiiin from her to llie snaKboal W'illaiii' 
 subsequently to llie steiiuier (Uvi^e II'. .SV/ii;,;. At inUrvals dnriiiK his career on the river he has fitted onl a lui 
 
 CArr. OKKIN S. WACli 
 
 Cai'T. I,. .\. Loom is 
 
 n calUC 
 Il for a 
 liiefof 
 u'cr I'll 
 doKKS 
 ', , anil 
 ilicr of 
 
 A ^ 
 
Loss of the "Paciiic," New Transportation Companies on tfie Willamette and Columbia 
 
 233 
 
 CACr. Al. IIAKKIS 
 
 Captain Sanborn '" was also master of the steamer in 187.S, and James I). Miller ran her in 1880. In 1881 she was 
 purclia-cd by William Reid, better known as Dnn<lee Reid, who nsed her in connection with the Oregonian 
 Railr()a<l. Capt. J. P. Coulter handled her for a short time, and George Raabe was in charge for six years. She 
 was tlioroughly overhauled in 1884, and the following year, while coming down tlie riv^r in May, broke a shaft 
 
 and was taken in tow by the steamer /sahi'l. The tow line was so long 
 and it gave the City of Salem so much swing, that in passing Rock 
 Island Rapids she struck a sunken reef tearing a hole eight feet long 
 in her port side. Slie was afterward raised and ran until about 1890, 
 when she was tied up. The ("//)■ 0/ Salcin was one hundred and fifty- 
 one feet long, tliirty-three feet beam, and four feet six inches hold. 
 She was originally equipped with .slide-valve engines fourteen by 
 forty-eight inches, but poppet valves of larger size were afterward 
 substituted. 
 
 The C/iUsop Chief, a small sternwheeler, was built at Skipanon, 
 Oregon, lielow Astoria, in 1875, to run between .Astoria and Clatsop 
 Landing, and, as she was not adapted to ilie trade, was sold to Portland 
 parties, Capt. F. li. Jones" of that city operating her for many years. 
 She came prominently before the jniblic in 1881 as the victim of a 
 collision in which .she was cut in two by the steamship Oiif;t»i. Cap- 
 tain Jones used her exclusively as a iowboat, thus earning the money 
 with which he built other more pretentious steamers. vShe was fifty- 
 eight feet long and thirteen feel beam originally, but when rebuilt was 
 lengthened Iwenty-.six feet. She was retired from .service in iS8g. 
 Other additions to the steam fleet on the Willamette and Columbia were 
 thi; freight steamer Willaiiietle Si/iici7i\ a .seventy -five-foot scow, with a 
 nine by sixteen inch engine, owned by T. li. Nelson and run l)y V.. C. Lakiii, the steam ferries /-."//-vf l.add. l)uilt 
 by A. J. Knott, the Albiita by S. S. Dougla.ss, and the Red Jntki-t. operated by Captain Jones on the Vancoiiver 
 ferry route. The tug J'orlloiid. launched at the Oregon metropolis April 9, 1875, was u.sed on the Colun'.bia and 
 Willamette rivers for fifteen years, and was then taken to Puget Sound, where she is still running. Henry Wilson 
 was her first master and owner, and Capt. O. S. Wand ' ' afterward purchased and ran her for several years. The 
 
 .steamers willi iii.ii'liiiiery, and ns.sislcil in this work on the Undiiif, (,'m'iiiior 
 .\V;ic//, new V'l/f^/niiie, anil tlie transler hoal Jiiioiiin. Mr. Scott retired from 
 iclive service almul two years a),'o ami lias since resiileil in I'ortlainl. Mis son, 
 Wesley .Scott, is a well known marine engineer, .as was also ai..:llR'r son. Newton 
 Scolt, deceased, who was for a nnmher ol' years chiet' tni the 'i\it'l^hont\ 
 
 "Capt. Irwin 11. .Sanborn was Itorn in Oregon City in iS(o, and commenced 
 steaintio.itin^ in the emi)loy of the reo])Ie's Transportation Ciunjiany on the 
 MiMiu)ivillt\ Koing from her to the steamer (hfwtird. He was on the (7/i- <>/' 
 Oitiir, I lor about a year, and hen entereii the employ ol Captain .Scott on the 
 Lifv i>/ Sti/t-/n. .\fter leaving the latter he pnrchaseil an inti-resl i t the ste.inier 
 ./. . /. M(i'iiU)\ and was master of her t"or live ye.-irs, linally disptisini^ of his 
 liolilinL;s on the Willamette to en^aj^c in steand)oatiny; on Lake C'u-nr (I'Alene. 
 Willi /.J. Hatch he bnilt the lirsl steamer of any coiise(|iience on the lake and 
 operated her until she was purchased by the .N'ortliern Pacific Raili lai! Company. 
 Me Wiis then put in charge of the company's steamboat properl\- oi. the l.ake, and 
 replai'ed the Cn'iii d\Ut'iit' with the steamer t-'eotxi<r ( ',/^v'a", <me of the fastest 
 >ltriiu heelers ill the .N'ortliwest. He also bnilt the A nD/cwd/, which is operated 
 on tile l;ike during; the winter, when ice pre\eiits tlii' ('.f/v,v from r'lnnini^, and 
 owns Uie little propeller r/cwcyc;/ .syj(VW(/«, built at the fort by I'ost-tn.iler Kin^;, 
 usiii^ her lor towing a barj;e made from the hull of the jiionecr steamer ( ((V/r 
 J'. II, 11,'. Captain .Sanborn is still a yonnn man anil h.as been eminently succ;.,;.,- 
 ful ill his steamboat work. 
 
 ■ Cajit. 1". It. Jones w;is born in Detroit, Mich., in iS^^S, and came to the 
 Pacific Coast in the early seventies, .\fter his arrival he eiiKa),'ed in bar^diif; on 
 llic river, and in 1876 took command of the steamer Cliihofi Chief, which he ran 
 liir eleven years, and then bnilt the steamer Miiiia, with which he was eiinaKed in 
 tinviiii; lo^s until 1S92. The Willamette >S: Columbia River TowiiiK Comiiany was 
 then lorined, with Capt.ain Jones as president. In October, i.Syj, they bnilt the 
 -leaiiui I'n/cdii, which look the M,uia's place and is one of the fastest boats on 
 tile Culiiinbia or Willamette rivers. Two years later Captain Jones constructed 
 tile sti liner iuigeiie, which he has since operated in the freight and iiasscnuer 
 traiie liclween Portland and l-hifjene Cilv. He was owner of the CVtt/s,'/^ Chitf 
 when s!i.' was sunk by the ( hr^iin, but succeeded in raising her, and she pcr- 
 fi)rine.l a ^reat deal of work for many vears. Until the steamer /w/i,'(V/c was bnilt, 
 Capt. nil Jones conlineil his o|ierations exclusively to lowin>; and freinhlinj,', and 
 in thai line has been remarkably successful. 
 
 Capt. Drrin .S. Waud was born in Portland in 1S54, and bewail stcamboatiuK in the earl\ seveiilies. He was on the ( '//ii in 
 IS;;, .iiid a year later took cominaml of the slcinier U'islf>oi I, which he ran for about nine months, and then chartered llie .Uiiiiii 
 U'dhiii, which he left a year later to ^{o as master of the C',t/ui/i I'liie/'. He then purchased the tni; ruilln'iil from Wilsim liiotliers, 
 anil, aiiir operatiiin her for three years, disjiosed of her and purchased an interest in the steamer Coiei iiiir .XiU.II, which was used 
 ill liiuiiij^ rock from b'isher's Landing' on the Colninbia to the jetty 't I'ort .Stevens. He w.is afterward master of the ttij; l.iiiiohi in 
 the Ciivirnmcnl employ for two years, and, when Captain Taylor purchased the steamer S,i/eiii, he had coinmand of her on the 
 ■^ston,, and Vamhill routes, remainiuK alioul three years. On leaving the Sn/iiii he purchased the steamer Maii-iiiiillit, in 
 parliu>.hip with Captain Jones, and served as master for two years, subsecpieiitly K'li'iK '<' ''"^ steamer />ii//e.s City for a short lime. 
 Oiu'ninpletion of the Willamette steamer /uij;iiie be was put in cliar).;e and is still rnnuiiiK her. 
 
 CAIT. l-'lt'.IK OIMN 
 
 l-.tl 
 
 "I r 
 
 1:1 
 
 
\' 
 
 ;i M 
 
 ¥\if 
 
 234 
 
 Lewis c? Drydens Marine l-iistory of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 CaIT. Will lAM II. Sl-AlirKV 
 
 largest steamer yet constructed on Shoalwater Bay, the General Canby. was launched at South Bend in 1S71; for 
 
 the Ilwaco Steam Navigation Company, of which L,. A. Looniis" was manager. The General Canby ai lived al 
 
 Astoria on her first trip September i6th, in charge of Capt. John S:hofield, who was succeeded by Capt. \V. P. 
 
 Whitcomb," and in command of the latter she continued on the Ilwaco route, with occasional trips to dray's 
 
 Harboi and Shoalwater Bay, and in the towing service. Whitcomb remained in charge until 1882, when he left 
 
 to take command of the new steamer General Miles, and was suc- 
 ceeded by Thomas Parker, who has had charge for over twelve years. r 
 
 Capt. George A. Whitcomb''' also served on the steamer, and W. H. 
 
 Clough was her first engineer. In 1S94 the Ilwaco Railway & Navi- 
 gation Company, which succeeded the Ilwaco Steam Navigation 
 
 Company, sold the steamer to I'ugel Sound parties, and since her 
 
 arrival at Seattle she has been on the Port Orchard route. The 
 
 Canby is ninety-three feet long, eighteen feet beam, seven feet six 
 
 inches hold, with engines eighteen by twent'; inches. Capt. Al 
 
 Harris,"' well known in marine circles at the mouth of the Columbia, 
 
 assisted in her construction. The steamer '/'easer, built on the 
 
 middle river, was brought over the Cascades for the Oregon Steam 
 
 Navigation Company by J. W. Brazee and Kngineer Carroll and was 
 
 sent to Paget Sound, ar ing at Seattle, July 8th, going to work 
 
 on the Snohomi.sh route. The Oregon Steam Navigation Company 
 
 al.so .sold the steamers Ol/er and W'enal for service on the Sound, the 
 
 former arriving at Seattle, September 20tli, and entering the .service 
 
 of the Renton Coal Company. Tlie M'enal was subsecpiently in the 
 
 employ of the coai company on Black River. At Coos Bay the steam 
 
 tug Fearless, built at San Francisco the previous year, made her 
 
 appearance in command of Capt. James Hill, who remained with 
 
 her for fourteen years, with the exception of two, when she was in 
 
 charge of Capt. Robert I.,awson and Capt. John Krickson. Tlie 
 
 Fearless was eighty-five feet long, twenty-two feet beam, and nine 
 
 feet hold. She was employed at Coos Bay and the Umpqua. with 
 occasional trips to the Columbia, until 1889, when .she jierisliecl 
 with all on board (see wreck of Fearless, 1S891. The ste.inier 
 J^es/less, a small steniwheeler, was constructed at Oardiner in is;; 
 
 ''L. .A. I.ooinis, wlio, for the past twciily-("ivf xejirs, li;is hetii a cniisjiic. 
 noil.'! figure in IraiispdrtiUioii eircle.s on SlioaKvater Hay ami the Ir.wer Cnhniiliia, 
 came to tile Paoilio Coast in 1S52, ami after mining' f4)r a few years took up liis 
 resiilenee at I'aeifie City, now known as Ihvaeo. In 1S37 he returiu-il lo the 
 Kast, remaining until after the close of the war. ami came West ajraiii in IS;:. 
 He cstahlisheil a sta^je line from Ilwaco to Oysterville in 1.S73, and artcrHanl 
 ortjani/.ed the Ilwaco .Steam Naviyalioii Compiiny, which was a forenimier ui 
 the present Ilwaco Railway ^c Navigation Company, of which Mr. l.n.niiis is 
 president. His first steamer was the ^,Vw('/'(// ( (/wAr, and in I.SSI she \\ i^ rein- 
 forced liv the (:'eiiiiitl MiliS. In iS7,S he organized the .Shoalwater Hay \ 
 tiray's Harbor Transporlatioii Conipanv, built the sle.-imers t>i'}it'itU i,\init'hf, 
 Mitntesofio and (ioi't'tnor Xr:eell, and was itresiileiil ttf this company diirin.yils 
 entire existence. When the Ilwaco Railway >S: Navigation Company supersedeil 
 the old corjjoration, Mr. I.oomis ctnitinned in charge, and has receiill\ incieased 
 the (leet by purch.asitig and rebuilding the Suottii. now running uii<ier ilii' iiaiiit- 
 l/:<'iit<>, also with the handsome steamer ( hrtin H'tt:r, constructed for the seasiile 
 tra\'el between Portland and Ilwaco. 
 
 "Capt. W. I'. Wliilcomli. the second brother of a well known U\m\\\ ol 
 steamboat ca])t<'iins. w.is born in Oregon in 1S4S. and has been engaged in llie 
 marine business up,ward of thirty years, serving lor nearly twenty five vc.trs as 
 master. He w.as in the employ of tlie Ilwaco Sle.iin Niivigati(ui Company for 
 over ten years, handling their steamers (irihi,i/ 1 \iii/iy and liciifiiil .I//A >. Tlie 
 latter wiis engaged mostly in the coasting trade and in towing on the Colntiibia 
 bar. ill which service Captain Whitcomb has been very successful. .\b"iit l>it9 
 he became weary of the continual tossing on the rough waters of the liarbor 
 bars and went iiilaml, purchasing an interest in the Kellogg Transpinlalioii 
 Coinpaiiy and taking conimaml of the steamer Joseph /\'e//i'i;i^, whicli !i'-' lias 
 since handled on the Cowlitz route. 
 ''Capt. Cieorge A. Whitcoinh was horn in Will.i|m in 1S5.1, and in i.SS? coinineiiced stcamboatiiig on the Heiieral ( anl'i, uii 
 which he served as male for two years. He was afterward master of the I'aiHiia for a few months and later on of the (''• 
 wdiicli he oper.aled between the Columbia and dray's Harbor, lie then returned to .Shoalwater Hay and joined the steanu' 
 Heiul. remaining with her as master for nine years on the Itay, Cray's Harbor and the Columbia River. He was also er; 
 on the steamer /('A//' lUiU for a year as i)ilol. 
 
 "Ciipt. Ai Harris was born in liiilTalo, N. V., in |S(.S. While a boy he served ill the army during the Civil W 1 
 wandered about the West until 1.S64, when he went to the Colnmbia River and assisted in liuildiiig the ste.inier (ieiieiitl Civr ' 
 was afterward master of the I'tininii and a iiiiniher of other small steamers out of .\storia. In iSSi he entered the I'tiiU ■ 
 Life .Saving .Service as keeper of the station at I'ort Canby, reinainiiig in charge for iiearlv thirteen \-e.'irs, during which ! 1 
 made an enviable reconl for ellicieiicy in his work ami was instrumental in rescuing a great many people. He retired ' 
 service about a year ago and is now living near Ilwaco. 
 
 William McCUKe 
 
 Soiilli 
 ■■'iint-il 
 
 , ali.l 
 Ih' 
 -late> 
 le 111' 
 11 the 
 
Loss of the ' 'Pacillc, " New Transportation Companies on the Willamette and Columbia 
 
 235 
 
 by I. li iMiiniery. She was first in command of Captains Reed" and Wade, who were succeeded by A. V,. 
 Small, K. M. Cliapiiian and Godfrey Seymour, the latter having had charge for the past ten years. The 
 stcamci IS still running, although she has been rebuilt and altered considerably since she was launched. 
 Her dimensions are : length, .seventy-two feet ; beam, sixteen feet ; depth of hold, four feet six inches, with 
 engints nine by thirty-six inches. 
 
 liranch licen.ses were issued in 1S75 by I'ilot Commissioners 
 Wadliaiiis, Wan Dusen and Warren to Ivric Johnson, ICli Hilton ^ »fc^ 
 
 and Thomas Doig, Columbia bar pilots; to Phil John.son, P. K. '™^, 
 
 Ferclion, H. A. Snow, Granville Reed, M. M. Gilman, Irving 
 SlevL-ns, Hiram Brown and Richard Hoyt, river pilots. Corape- 
 tilioii on the steamship lines north from vSan Francisco was 
 confined mostly to the steamers running to Victoria. The fare 
 on the /'iiti/ir and Salvador occasionally dropped to S4 cabin and 
 $2 .steerage. The Pacific Mail Company operated the steamer 
 Molwiiiifl, Charles Thorn, captain, J. G. B. King, chief engineer. 
 She was an iron sidewheeler of 1,300 tons built for the Govern- 
 ment in iSr)4 and .sold to HoUaday after the clo.se of the war. 
 Tlie Wxsco Ihi Ciaiiia, a 1,900-ton steamship constructed for the 
 China trade in 1S73, was on the \'ictoria route in July in oppo- 
 sition to the Pacific Mail. She was in command of Capt. J. T. 
 Rice, C. H. Hewett,'" first ofiicer, James Taylor, chief engineer, 
 and 1'. C. Howard, purser. In August the new steamship City of 
 I'ltikinia. Captain vSeabury," I). H. Grifiith,' first officer, made 
 licr initial trip to Victoria and the Sound. She had been built 
 at John Roach's yard a few months before, nnd in command of 
 Scahury ran north for several years. The steamship Dakota, 
 Morse, captain, McClure, ' chief engineer, came on the route in 
 Octolicr and continued there for nearly ten years. Morse left her 
 
 in i8,S3 to take command of the steamship .l/ui/n/a, where he 
 J., , -v7.^r^:-^ .still remains. Among the engineers .serving on the steamer were 
 
 Milks SiioKr 
 
 \ 
 
 '^Capt. J. C. Reed, of Ho(|iuam, Wash., was born in Maine and came to 
 tlie Pacific Coast a!)Out ci>,Miteen years a>,'(>. His first work was on llie rinjHiua 
 River with the steamer A\'s//t'S5, on wlncli he served tor five vears, tlK-iiee M*'i'iK 
 lo Ciray's Har!)or for a year with the steamer Afdi^o. He subsi.-([uently rt'lurnecl 
 to Coos Bay, where he ran the Cmiser for a year and then took eomniand of the 
 Traveler, of which he has been master for the past ei^ht years, oju ralini; her 
 and occasionally other tuj,;s for tlie same company on thu rmpipia. CoUnnhia 
 River, Coos Hay and dray's Ilarhor bars. 
 
 '■"Capt. Charles II. Ilewett was horn in ICnjj^laud in iSjo and hej^MU sail- 
 inj^ on Hnj^lish vessels over fifty yars aj^^o. I'roin this voration hf went lo the 
 Cnnard .Steamshi]> I, me anil remained tliere for nianv years. He entered iht* 
 employ of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company in 1.S50 and n-laint-d his position 
 for over thirty years, most of the time on the I'acific Co;ist. lie lell this service 
 to lake command of the Pacific Improvenieiit Com])an\ 's steamshiii .S'i/« l\iiro, 
 where he remained until s!ie was lost in iSyi. 
 
 "Capt. William H. Seahnry was born in New Hedford, Mass.. in iVio, and 
 commenceil Ids marine service at Philadelphia while a bny on a vessel in the 
 Itra/il sn^jar trade. He was employeil on sailiiij; vessels out of New York until 
 1S64. his last siiip beinj^ the (•trtriiiit\ of which he was first officer. He then 
 jnitic"! the steamship (ht\}n Outvi of Ctnnmodore Vanderlnll's line as (juarler- 
 master and then as second ami first mate. In iS(i5 he oceujiietl the former 
 position on the steamship /<ii//ii\ ruiinin,Li to the Isthmus, in December, iS;^ 
 subsequently joining the (hcnaiLi as tirst olVicer. Soon after her arrival in San 
 I'raneisco in March, 1S7.), he was i)r()moled lo the ca]>tainc^ of the steanishij) 
 .Irizonti. In March, 1S75. he was j^iven command i^i the C i/v of I\in,i)Hii, run- 
 \\'\\\)i. norlli with her tor four years, except for a few trips when she was relieveil 
 by tile Conslititii<i>i and .^/ti^i'd, which he also handled, and was in command of 
 tlie former when she was burueil. While in the employ of (lie I'acific Mad lie 
 had cliarj^e of all the lar^e steamers owned by that coni]>any ami superintended 
 the hnildinj.; of the steamer (V/ifta, nearly evcrv detail ol her eonslrnction beiny 
 left ti» his jud^meiU. He look cammand of her iis soon as slie was completed 
 ainl h.is run her since between San I'raneisco and China. 
 
 "D. Iv (Vritlilh, male and master, was born in New jersey in iSj^ and enlisted in the I'nited Slates Navy during' the Civil 
 \y.ii. ii llie dose of which he went into the deep water trade. In 1S6S iie visited San I'raneisco as (|uarlermaster on the steam hip 
 .\'t-/'iiiU-ii, afterward occup\iii)^ similar positions on the MotUtUiii, Sacraturn/o and l'ohUiuii\ and subsetpienlly served as third and 
 ^eci)i;d ollicers on these steamers. He was lirsl oflieer w iih Captain Sealmry on the Cilv of f\v!aiiui, and ran north ou the /hi/,->/if 
 tor about two years, miumanilin.^ tlie steamship for a few trips dnrint,; the absence of Cajitain Morse. With the e\ce]Uiou <d an 
 iiiterv.il from iss^i to i.St^j, he was in continnous service on ihe Pacifu' Coast for twenty-seven years, ami was first oMicer of the 
 I'aoifn Mail Steamshiji Company's steamsliip Coliinn when slie foundered otf Man/anillo. Mexico, May 27, iSy5, ^'oinj,;; down with 
 die >liip, in which calaslmphe iS7 people lost tlieir lives. 
 
 ; William McClure, chief enj^ineer, was horn in Ivnj^land in iS;,2 and came to the I'acific Coast as water tender on the old 
 lip Coloriuio, and when she went on the Panama route he was jinmioted to the positit>n of third assistant engineer. He 
 >ed in tlie employ of the Pacitic Mail to Panama and lo Chimi until 187(1. when he was appointed chief on the /hikofu, and in 
 [lafity ran north four years, niakinj^ occasional trips on tlie .tlaska i\\u\ Couslifution. After leaviiij; the northern route 
 III runuinK l" China, and has since remained in that trade, beiu^j at piesent chief engineer on the CHy of Ptkiu^. 
 
 I-lPWAHU I' WO«U 
 
 steam 
 coinii 
 that I 
 liel. 
 
 
 1:1 
 
 I ' 1 
 
 ■i i 
 
 1 ■ ■■ 
 
 I ■ '. 
 \ . 1 
 
 V:-\ 
 
 ■ H 
 
 i;' 
 
 Pf 
 
' ! 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 
 236 
 
 Lewis <S Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 CAIT. W, H. PATTl'RSnN 
 
 Edward P. Woods," Miles Short" and Charles Carson.'' In 1878 \.\\e Dakota reduced the record from \'ictoria 
 
 to San Francisco to sixty-six hours. The Los Angeles, which was on the northern routes, was in coiuinaiHl 
 
 of Captain ShoU, with Jeff Howell, afterward lost on the Paci/te, as mate. She broke a shaft off Tillamook 
 
 in February and was given up for lost, hut Howell landed on the beach and made his way overland to 
 
 Astoria, where he secured a tug, which towed the vessel into port. 
 The Gussie Telfair, Capt. John Gardiner, was back on her old run in 
 1875, making trips from Portland to Neah Bay, Port Town.seiid, S,in 
 Ji.ian, Orcas I.sland, Victoria, New Westminster and Nanaimo. 
 
 The Oregon Steamship Company, which still retained possession 
 of the Utile Cali/oniia, operated her on the route from X'ictoria to 
 the Cassiar mines, Sitka and Fort Wrangel. When the steamship war 
 ended, the Goodall, Nelson & Perkins Steamship Company, consistiiij; 
 of Charles Goodall, Chris Nelson, George C. Perkins, John O'Farrell, 
 John Ro.senfeld, N. S. Winganger and Edwin Goodall, purchased from 
 the Pacific Mail Company the steamships A/olioiigo, Orizaba, Sciialor, 
 Paci/h, (ripsy and Call/'on/ia for $230,000, and also secured the Fiilehilcr 
 from William Kohl. They afterward .sold the California to Xidiola.s 
 liichard for $10,000, and the pioneer steamship was converted into a 
 bark. The Pacific Mail Company also dispo.sed of their sidewheelers 
 Cosia A'/ea, OregoHtan, Golden Age and Nevada to a company in 
 Japan, retiring from all Coast routes, but reserving the right to land 
 their Panama steamers at any of the docks along the southern coast. 
 On Paget Sound, Contractor Moore began filling his mail contract 
 with the steamer Favorile, commanded by Capt. W. I. Waitt, with 
 the HIakely assisting. The Starr Brothers, who had developed into 
 fighters fully as aggressive as Finch & Wright, their predecessors, 
 reduced the fare on the North Pacific until in June passengers were 
 carried from Olympia to \'ictoria and return for twenty-five cents, and 
 
 the rate through to Portland was but $7.50. Samuel Coulter of 
 
 Portland purchased the steamer /. /)'. Libby and operated her on 
 
 the Bellingham Bay mail routes semi-weekly. The Cassiar mining 
 
 excitement made .steamboating on the Stickeen River profitable. 
 
 Capt. John Irving was running the steamer Glenora, and William 
 
 Moore built the Gertmde and started her there in opposition. The 
 
 Otter, Captain McCulloch, made a few trips to the new gold 
 
 region for the Hudson's Bay Company, and the Grappler, Captain 
 
 ■'Kilwnrd 1'. Woods, engineer, was Imrii in Milton. N. V., in iS(2, and 
 in 1.S5S readied tlie raciilc Coast on the steamship llttiiuiii, witli whicli lie 
 remained until she was laid up. .\fter\vard, when the Ut'iman re.-ippeared iu 
 the \'icloria trade, lie worked as hrst assistant, leaviiif^ her to enter the service 
 of the I'acific Mail Company. He was eiij,Myed two years on the steamer (,'o/ileii 
 ■ iKt', after which he joined the .Sttiraiiun/o and suliseiiuently the steamer 
 C/iirtfi, all on the Panama route, and was then employed on the steamships 
 i'o/onuli> and Iheal Hr/'uHiv for two years in the China trade, .\ficr this he 
 visited New York on a revenue cutter, returning fourteen mouths later on the 
 .steamer Ciilomn, with whicli he ran to Australia !■ r a few mouths, and then 
 aj^aiii went hack to New York and came out on llu- steanishij) Sail J-'ttiiitisto, 
 with wliicli he remained for a year, leaving her for the steamshi|i Ihikula, ruu- 
 niiiK to l'uj;et Sound. While there he met Capt. Tom Wrij^hl and was induced 
 to HO on the /:7/ri; ,liicl,rson. lie was in that locality for about a year, and 
 llien went to San I'rancisco ami s])ent several _\ears in the northern lumber 
 trade on the schooner I.elia. In iSSy he joined the old whaler /•'i/fiilere and 
 spent a year in the .\rctic on a whaling expedition, lie was subseqiienth' in 
 the employ of tile Alaska Commercial Company and the .Alaska racking .Asso- 
 ciation, making several vo^a^es north in their service. lie also spent stniie 
 time on the steamers / 'iiiiiire and Tilliiiiiook, and, when the old ste.imship 
 Wilmington was ruiniin^ to Honolulu, he hail chiir^^e of her engines, lie at 
 present is connected with the I'iniliiiil. 
 
 •'Jliles Short, cuHiueer, was born in Ireland in iS|2 and shipped on the steamer Uritis/i (Jiiee/i, sailing between I,iv< 
 and Havre, in 1S61. He w.is afterward on stcanishiiis plying to South .Atlantic, Mediterranean and lllack Sea ports until 1S7I), 
 he came to the Pacific Coast on the ('i/y n/' A'crc i'oik, servin>; for five years as assistant ciiKiueer. He subsei|nciitly r.in : 
 for a year and a half on the steainslii|i /'(i/m/i/, and after leaving her was engaged as assistant engineer on y\\e Salinas, .lh\ 
 nuuiaii, i'lii/iiiiia and .Santa Cm::. He was with the .lli vtinittr Diiman over three years, and with the exception of a short 
 on shore has been with the Santa Cm: for over live years. 
 
 ■'Charles Carson, engineer, was born in New York in 1.S.12, commencing his marine life in his native city. He I'.n 
 the Pacific Coast ill 1.S62 as oiler on the steamship ( 'nn^lihition, remaining with her for nine years, and finally reached the p' 
 of chief engineer, which he held lor three years, alter which he put iu two years in a similar position on the sleanisliip Cliiih\ 
 was subsecpiently chief on the Cirat /\\-pnMit. the /hikoln. with which he ran north for three years, the Cutitiia, the (iienm/ 
 the .San Jose. He resigned from the latter steamship because of ill health and remained ashore lour years. Oil his return ; 
 profession he became chief engineer on the steam schooner /ea/n'r. which he left for a similar position on the ('osino/>otis, a; 
 months later returneil to the employ of the Pacific Mail on tile tug Millen Ciiffitli, where he has since remained. 
 
 Cai't. John C. Oork 
 
 \ hell 
 lorth 
 
 linie 
 
 .■ t(i 
 inll 
 lie 
 tiiil 
 llie 
 
 iiii ^ a 
 
m 
 
 Loss of the "Pacific," New Transportation Companies on the Willamette and Columbia 
 
 237 
 
 III 
 
 William Scott,'' was also running north. The Royal Cily. a fine sternwheeler one hundred and twenty-eight 
 feet loll); and twenty-six feet beam, with engines twenty by sixty inches, was launched on the Fraser by Captain 
 Parson--, making her lirbiil April 14th between New Westminster and Vale, in command of Captain Insley. The 
 steaiiKi' was afterward secured by Capt. John Irving and under his management took a prominent part in the 
 iiuniLiinis steamboat wars on that river. With the exception of Irving, the two Odins " were the most prominent 
 inastei s of the steamer. 
 
 Victoria's steam fleet was further increased l)y the tug /ilia IV/iili'. completed a few years before on Puget 
 Souml. and, in December, McQuade & Co. launched the /lonansa, a schooner-rigged craft ninety-two feet long, 
 tweiitv -six feet beam, and six feet hold. On I'uget Sound T. W. Lake'' built the Fanny /.akr, a fine 
 stern wheeler, for Me.ssrs. Diggs &. True, who operated her in the White River trade. Hall Brothers' .shipyard at 
 Port Ludlow added seven fine vessels to the Pacific Coast sailing fleet. They were the two-masted .schooners 
 ./««/(■ Ar/c, 11)5 tons; Cassir llay-ivard, rg; tons; Ida Schnauer, 215 tons; Au Gerontle, 204 tons; .Inicrhan 
 Girl. .'25 tons; three-masted schooner /;";«/«« Ullcr. 297 tons; William /.. /leebe, 296 tons. Ofthe.se the Ida 
 SdiiKuirr, now owned by A. P. Lorentzen of San Francisco, the Enivia UlUi , by F. Gee, the /.a Girondr, by 
 H. J. I.tnnswaldt, and the . linnitan Girl, by C. G. Athearn of San Francisco, are still in active .service. The 
 L. /. /V/rr, a schooner which for the past dozen years has been ruiniing as a steamer, was launched at Port 
 Gamble in July. Her dimensions are : length, .seventy feet ; beam, sixteen feet ; depth of hold, five feet. The 
 schooner Pio llenilo, built by Hall Brothers in 1H74, was wrecked in August on the Central American coast. 
 
 Coos Bay also added a couple of fine vessels to the coasting fleet, the .schooner Pannonia, 2411 tons, 
 constructed for Captain Cos- 
 telle, and the three-masted y^ 
 
 schooner Laura May, t,^o ^^ 
 
 tons, for H. B. Deane & Co. 
 Both of these were built by 
 II. R. Reed at Marshfield, 
 and the latter is .still afloat, 
 the Pannonia having been 
 wrecked near the South .Sea 
 Islands a few years ago. 
 
 Among the fast passa- 
 ges of the Northwestern fleet 
 were those of the Jam- .1. 
 Falkcnberg from Honolulu to 
 .\storia in a few hours less 
 than thirteen days, and of the 
 ship Calhcrcr over the same 
 course in fifteen days. The re- 
 markal)le feature of the latter 
 performance consisted in cov- 
 ering 1,073 niiles in seventy- 
 two hours, her runs for three 
 consecutive days being 375. 350 and 348 miles respectively. The ship WaUrn Shoic beat the steamshii) Orillantmc 
 two and a half hours on the trip from San I'rancisco to the Columbia River. The Oiri^oii Plyrr left the Bay City 
 at noon November 27th and reached the Columl)ia River, December ist, making the run in .seventy-six hours. 
 
 Steamboats were a novelty as yet on Shoalwater Bay, and passengers, mail and freight were carried in 
 swift-sailing .schooners and sloops. Among the best known of the.se craft were : the Giral /■'ni;l<\ Capt. John 
 
 ■'Capt. William .Scott was born in I.oniloii in iS-,y, anil at tliu age of fonrtt'eii was sailiiiK onl of MellioiiniL- in nii'u-iiaiit 
 vessels. In [S56 he was master ol' ilie sieainship ' ioUh'n ./;'(■ Itetween San I'Vanciscn an<l rainima, in 1S5S (inartertnastrr with 
 DeWdllonthe lir,Ulur Joiialluiu.wwA later on the l.ahoucliii, . and also ran as mate ami seooml mate on tin- old /■'idrtalt-r. 
 Jlt'i 'I >i<lt'r ai\i\ h'n/('r/>rist\ In 1S72 he was on tlu- i'ittifh'o and Fly, in 1S75 was master of the sloop I'hoi nton, and al'tt-rward 
 took roinmanil of the lliiif'f'lii-. In 1S76 he was appointed pilot for tlie N'ictoria district and contiuued there for seven years. In 
 1SS4 hf took charge of the steamer Pilot, and after rnnning her for a time retired from the water. He spent a seasini in the 
 Carilioo Tnin'iig district in i.Sdi, and in iS()2 ran lietwecn Victoria and thu Sandwich Islands on the schooner . Illuiiii. He was .also 
 second mate on the hark MiDilia AWlroii/ in 1S69 helwet-n \'ictoria and .Australia, and at intt-rvals between llit- dates mentioned has 
 been engaged in nmrine ventnres on his own aeconrU in the West coast trade. 
 
 '"Capt. I'rank Odin, of New Westminster, li. C, was born at Point Roberts, Washington Territory, in iS6^, ami began 
 steauihnating on the 1-raser River in 1877. lie is a son of the well known CajH. George Odin anil naturally rose rapidly from the 
 ranks .itlaining conunand of the A'liynl I'i/v before he reached his majority. He ran on the h'rasL-r as pilot with Capt. John Irving 
 for ni uiy years, and was one of the (irst m.isters on tlie npper Colnmbia. Rootenai and Skeena rivers, lie left the steamer Calfdtinia 
 on l!u I.ist-named stream in iSy2 ami since that time has been rntniing on the I'raser. His reputation as a swift-water navigator is 
 second to none, and his skill .and fearlessness in handling steamers in dangerous places in foggy weather and on dark nights has 
 earned for him the sobriipiet " nightliawk." Captain Odin is still following his profession on the l-'raser, and has recently been 
 coiniei led with the steamer Timisfii . 
 
 ' 'I'. W. I,ake, boatbnilder, was born in Norway in 1S25 and began the constrnetion of boats at Seattle in 1S74. His first 
 proilii; I w.is tile steamer h\inny l.ixkr, which he launched for Captain True. The following year he bnilt the lug lli<f>r, and 
 since ben has completed the steamers l.illir. Una, l'>aisy, /. /•-'. Iloydni, A'diniri; /.nil'. I.i'iir Fislinnhui, Hiiik, J. C. Ihilhiin, 
 W.l Miiniih, J. A'. McDonald, ihtidtnl, ICllii, 1,'ittit; Island Ucllc, Miibcl, ( 'n.d ifi/r.«, and one or two others. 
 
 Sll:A^M.K ".Al.MOTA" AT WAWAWA I.AMiINO. SNAKI. KIVER 
 
 •i: 
 
 * ■ *' 
 
238 
 
 Lewis (f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 i 
 
 i c : 
 
 :a 
 
 Brown ; Mary Soiile, Al Soule ; Minerva, J. H. Whitcoinb ; Serena, Charles I'itiley ; Lib Sniilh. James Johnson ; 
 
 . h /fill is/a, E. O. Loomis ; /fiiinmiiii; Bird, Thomas Crelliii ; and Mary \'. .\farion, Richard Marion. Tht 
 
 Colnmbia River grain fleet for 1S75 was smaller in number, but the total tonnage was much greater than the 
 
 year preceding. It included twenty-nine British ships, ten British barks, two Norwegian barks, two Curmaii 
 
 barks, five .-\merican barks, and four American ships, including the 
 Oregon built Wcs/em .S/ion . making a total of fifty-two vessels, the 
 most important of which was the British '•hip Jlaivii .l/ui/air, i,-o,s 
 tons, the largest ship that had yet visited the port. The smallest of 
 the fleet was the Britisl bark Carii Tual, 41/1 tons. Twentyt'onr of 
 the vessels were over 1,000 tons, sixteen over i,.'oo tons, and .six 
 of them over 1,400 tons. 
 
 The farmers of the Willamette Valley, from the days of the 
 ffoosier and tlie James Clinton, were hostile to anything wliicli l)oie 
 the appearance of a monopoly, and, as a result, it was always an easy 
 undertaking to form a steamboat company along the waters of that 
 stream. The first organization of this nature after the collapse of 
 the Willamette Transportation Company was the Farmers' Trans- 
 portation Company, incorporated in July, i.Sf6, at Oregon City, liy 
 Capt. J. W. Cochrane, F. O. McCown and F. Dement. Tlie new- 
 company made contracts with the farmers by whicli they agreed to 
 carry wheat from November 15, 1876, until June i, 1.S77, at a rate of 
 ten cents per bushel. To fulfill this agreement the steamer .S'. /". 
 Cliurch was launched at Portland in November, departing on her 
 first trip December 19th and returning a few days later with one 
 hundred and seventy-three tons of wheat. Captain Cochrane nas 
 in command during the first year of her career, but in 1S77, wlien 
 she pas.sed into the hands of the People's Protective Transportation 
 Company, L. V,. Pratt was put in charge, remaining until 1.S79, when 
 
 .she became the property of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company. 
 
 Captains Haughman, Ivmken, Wil.son, K. F. Coe, Bailey, Patterson," 
 
 Short, Gore, and a number of others, then handled the old craft until 
 
 -she ended her career in the latter part of the eighties. The .S'. '/'. 
 
 Chuixli was one hundred and .seventy feet long, thirty-five feet beam, 
 
 five feet hold, with engines seventeen by .seventy-two inches. The 
 
 People's Protective Transportation Company, which succeeded Cochrane 
 
 and his associates, was officered as follows ; Henry Warren, president ; 
 
 J. C. Cooper, .secretary ; H. Warren, W. McChristraan, \V. T. Newby, 
 
 J. K. Sampson and W. Savage, directors. They built the .steamer 
 
 MiMinniillc at Canemah for the Yamhill River trade, and she was 
 
 launched in November, but did not make her trial trip until February, 
 
 1S77. Capt. I. B. Sanborn, the C(LUr d'Alene steamboatman, was master 
 
 until 1S79. and from that date until i.Syi the Oregon .Steam Navigation 
 
 Company's Willamette captains had charge of her. In February of that 
 
 year she was taken to Salem and used as a wharf boat until November, 
 
 and was then dismantled and burned to obtain her iron. 
 
 Financial reverses had eliminated almost the last vestige of the 
 
 power formerly wielded l)y lien Holladay, and his name no longer 
 
 appeared in connection with the Oregon Steamship Company. At the 
 
 annual election of oflicers, held April i.^tli, Henry X'illard was made 
 
 president, George W. Weidler, vice-president, John T). Biles, secretary, 
 
 and Henry Villard, Milton S, Latham, J. M. Slreetem and J. D. Biles, c.m't. jamks h. \v. 
 
 Cai'T. 1-rank B. TrUNKR 
 
 
 -■"Caiit. W. II. I'alter.son was born in Wisconsin ill 1.S58. lie came to the Pacific Coast in 1S73, arriviiij,' at I'lirl 
 year later. His first steainboating was 011 the Willamette River, and after a short time tliere and on the CoUimhia he went t(* 
 Columbia and was eiiHaned on the steamer Oiler, running north from Victoria. In 1HS2 he was employed on the I'r.isei 
 steamers used in the coiislructiou department of the Caiiatlian Pacific Railway, and while there made the ])eriloiis trip will 
 S. R. Smith, from Fort Vale to the mouth of the Tliompson River, with the steamer Skiizzv. .Xfler leaviun the I'raser he r 1 
 short tiiiu- oil Pujiet Sound and then returned to the Columbia, wliere he went into the service of the Oregon Kailw.'iy iS; N'.i\ 
 Company for a few years as mate and pilot, afterward coiiimandiii^ some of their best steamers. In i.SStj he w.'is appoiiitcl ■ 
 steamship pilot for the company, and since that time has been continuously en^aHcd in lianiUin^' their steamsliiiis between 1'' 
 iiiul .^slori.'i. nieeliiij; with remarkable success. In 1S92 he piloted the larjiest and deepest drau).;ht vessel that ever asceiii' 
 Columbia ami Willametle rivers, taking the cruiser HalliiiHne from .\s<o! ia to Portlaini .ind ri turn. As a reward for this ]■: 
 demoiistralion of the splendid condition of Oregon's great waterway, the I*ortl;'.iid Ch.'imbe of Commerce presented Iiini 
 handsmne watch and chain, extending a similar recognition to his colleague, Capt. W. H. .Smith, who followeii with the ( '/;j 
 Capt.'iin Patterson was the prime mover in the organization of Harbor 23, American Ilrotherhood of Pilots, and was the first 
 of the harbor. 
 
 I itid a 
 i'.rili.sli 
 River 
 
 I C.i|il. 
 
 :■ lor a 
 Mtioii 
 ■i;iilar 
 lialiil 
 
 ■■AWk 
 lical 
 itli a 
 
 iiain 
 
:il Poll 
 
 iikI n 
 
 VClll (" 
 
 li-ilikll 
 
 l-r.lsi-i 
 
 River 
 
 rip Hill 
 
 Cipt. 
 
 cr lit 1,1 
 
 ■ Icir a 
 
 ^ \.n 
 
 ilioti 
 
 oiiui'il 
 
 L^iilar 
 
 vfeii I'- 
 
 'iiiml 
 
 ■ asi'i'ii- 
 
 .Ithe 
 
 Ihi^. ]■■ 
 
 .itical 
 
 ■d liim 
 
 Ailli a 
 
 a- < 'h.i 
 
 ilOII. 
 
 e firsi 
 
 plain 
 
 loss nf the "Pacific." New Transportation Companies on the Willamette and Columbia 
 
 239 
 
 director-;. ApprfcintinR the advantage held by the Willamette Locks & Transportation Company, Holladay's 
 
 success. irs disposed of their steamboat interests to the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, which was then 
 
 capital i/i-'d at $5,000,000, and was slowly but surely perfecting a grand consolidation of all brandies of the 
 
 transpiTiiition l)usiness on the Willamette and Columbia rivers. The fleet of grain sliips which yearly came to 
 
 the Columbia had by this time become so large that the work of 
 towing tliem up and down the river was exceedingly renuinerative. 
 Buchanan Hrothers, who were the pioneers in this branch of steam- 
 boating, had discovered tliat their tug />'t>i HolUutav was no longer 
 suitable for tlie large vessels arriving, and in 1875 they began the 
 construction of the first sternwheel steamer built exclusively for tow- 
 ing purposes. The craft was named the Oiklaluima, and contained 
 the engines formerly in Capt. William Moore's Victoria steamer 
 AU'xaudcr. Hefore she was finished, the Willamette Transportation & 
 Locks Company, which, in reality, was an Oregon Steam Navigation 
 institution, purchased her, and on completion used her for towing 
 ships. Capt. W. H. vSmitli had command of her for seven years and 
 Capt. Henry Emken for the .same length of time, and in the .service 
 of the Willamette Transportation & Locks Company and its succes- 
 .sors the steamer lias towed more ships up and down the Columbia 
 River than any other craft afloat. In i8,S6 she was considerably 
 damaged by the Briti.sh bark Alliiuicc toppling over on her, smashing 
 the pilothouse and hog chains and otherwise injuring her. She was 
 repaired at an expense of about four thousand dollars, and has been 
 in continuous service from that time. Since Captain Ivniken began 
 piloting, the steamer has been commanded by Marshall Short, M. 
 Martineau, Kane Olney and Sam Col.son. Sliort lost his life in 1892 
 by the capsizing of a barge which the steamer was towing. The 
 OiklahtJiiia was one hundred and fifty-two feet long, thirty-one feet 
 
 six inches lieani, and eight feet hold, with engines twenty-one by 
 
 seventy-two inches. The steamer Almola was added to the Oregon 
 
 Steam Navigation Company's fleet in 1876. She was launched at 
 
 Celilo, September 27tli, Capt. Iv. W. Haugliman taking charge. He 
 
 was succeeded by Captains Sanipsoii, W. P. Oray, George Gore and 
 
 Joliii 1'. Stump."' In iSS,^ her first master returned and ran her for ten 
 
 years, and Capt. John Stump took her again in 1894. The .Uiiiota 
 
 has an immense carrying capacity, and during the Nez Perce war is 
 
 said to have cleared $14,000 on a single trip. Captains Troup, \a\\ 
 
 Pelt, Spencer and others have also had command of the steamer, 
 
 and all of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company's up-river engi- 
 neers Iiave served on her, John A. Wil.son " being last in charge of her 
 
 machinery. The .llniola was one hundred and fifty-seven feet long, 
 
 lliirty-six feel beam, five feet hold, with engines sixteen by seventy- 
 two inches. 
 
 Tlie old steamer '/'ciiiiio, the greatest money-maker of the Orcg()ii 
 
 Sleam Navigation fleet, was superseded in 1876 by the A'cri' '/'fiii/io, 
 
 wliich was one hundred and forty-five feet long, thirty-two feet beam. 
 
 and six feet hold, with machinery and house from the old steamer. 
 
 Capt. T. J. Stump and James W. Troup commanded the steamer during 
 
 lier shiirt career, which ended in 1879, and .\l!)ert M. Munger-i= was 
 
 C.\IT. \\'JI,I.I.\M J()[INSU.\ 
 
 .M.\ I 1 IlKWS 
 
 -'Capl. John 1'. Uttimp was l)i)ni in Temiv'ssue ill iS^; and came to llie Coast while (mile yoiniK, cnniniencinK his sleaniboal 
 caretT 011 the Sacrameiilo River in i8,S5 belween Sacranienlo and Marysville. He renmined in llie employ of llie C.'ilifornia Steam 
 ^'avi^;aion Company until 1S70 and llien went lo Ore)<on, workinK on the Snake River with his hrcitlier, Capt. Thomas Stiiinp, on 
 the sUMiner )\tlcimiu Since that time he has ciminianded every steamer owned by the Oregon Steam Navigation Comjiany and 
 tlieii sincessors on liolli the upjier Colnmliia and Snake rivers. After the comiiletioii of the railroad thronKh the Inland ICnipirc, 
 Capt.nn Slump's operations were confined almost exclusively to the npjier Snake River. .At the present time he is ninning the 
 sleaiiiir .Ihiiolii hetween Riparia and I^ewiston. 
 
 "John A. Wilson, chief engineer, has been en^aKed in tlie niarine business for over thirty years. He .served for six years in 
 tile 11. i\ \ under I'arrai;nt. Porter an<l I'oote. llis first work in the Northwest was on the steamer /.(//(';/(/ in iSc>i . continuing there 
 until iNij. when he returned to the Lakes and served for several months on the Xoiilinii (himi between DiiUitli and lUilTalo. He 
 caiiU' 1., the Pacific Co.ast a^ain in i.So^ and was with Capt. .\1 (',r;iy tm the steamer /". A. Xivnn. leaxiny her for the steamer /ui/i/n' 
 at I'niiiaiHl. Ilf was ai'terward on the tiij^ U'ti/'/i'Ti'ti and steamship (tt-<ii-Qt' H'. /-.'/i/rr, leaving,' the latter vessel Ut j^o lo the steamer 
 /*. .V i:.if:ri\ In the fall of 189.) he was on the steamer . iliHotu, running between I.ewiston ami Ri])ari;i. He left her in the sprinii 
 of is,,^ to take charj^e of the engines of a whaleback steamer on bake Michi^.an. 
 
 .Mbert XI. Munijer was bom in Ohio in i.S.si, and was in the service of the Oregon .Steam Navigation Company in i,S7ci. first 
 asfireiii.in on the (>//('(>;/AMind then as second enj^ineer on {\\q /^nniia //tty:t'tint. He was afterward chief on the steamers /(/(///(», 
 
 f 
 
 !:■ 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
f 
 
 l^ 
 
 240 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Stkami-:k " I.iTTi.K Annii:" 
 
 !*' 
 
 chief engineer for a good portion of the time. The A/tirv Ifoodv. Afissoiila and CaHiict, built for service cii I.ake 
 Pen d'Oreille and trit)Utarie.s in 1X66, were stripped of tlieir machinery in 1.S76 and liie equipments taken IciTtxas 
 Ferry by the Oregon .Steam Navigation Company. 
 
 The Hydra, a slow steamer less than seventy feet long, intended for the Lewis River trade, was liiiilt at 
 St. Helens in 1876 by Caples & Korbes. As originally constructed the motive power was furnislitil by an 
 engine attached to the boiler, but, on refusal to grant her a certificate, alterations were made and slu' liej;an 
 running in charge of W. (1. Weir." Fred H. Love, Charles Hurean '' and W. J. Steele also commaiKkd the 
 craft at different limes, Hiireau owning her in iHSo. The /. Oiilivay, the first slernwheel boat built excliisivelv 
 for log-towing, was launched at Portland in i.Sjf) for Weidler's Mills, making her trial trip November 2,vl, with 
 Capt. J. N. Fisher, who remained in command until i.S.S^. Since that time the steamer has been in charge 
 
 of Captains Frank H. " and Josepli 
 Turner most of the time, althou^Oi 
 Capt. L Smith," Kane Olney and \V. 
 K. Mitchell ran her for a few years. 
 All of the upper works of the steamer 
 were destroyed by fire in Jaiiuar)-, 
 i8yo, but were afterward rchtiilt. 
 The Ordway was one hundred and 
 thirty-one feet long, twenty-i'oiir feci 
 beam, and six feet hold, with engines 
 fourteen by sixty-four inches. Two 
 first-class bar tugs were constructed 
 for the Columbia in 187^1. Tlie lar),'cr 
 of the i)air, tlie /V/o/, was hninclied 
 at Portland, August 16th, tor Cap- 
 tains Holman and Oilman, and made 
 her trial trip November 14th, but per- 
 formed little service on this side of 
 the line, as she was .sold shortly after 
 completion and taken to \'ictoria l)y 
 Capt. W. Clements. Her first master in British Columbia waters was Cajilain Holmes, who had charge of her 
 until 1879, when Clements again took command, and in i88(j she was in the hands of Cajit. James H. Woolery,' 
 
 A/oiiiilaiii ihit'iii, 7'fiiiiio, Owy/n'r iiinl )'iiki)na, ami was on the latter in 1S76 when she was wrecked at Inliii I),iy Chute, uii llie 
 upjier Colnniliia. He euntiiuicil in the service i)f llie ()re),'i)n Steam NaviKalion Coinpany until 1.SS2, Ki)iii){ to tlic .Sonml thai yc.ir 
 as chief enj,'ineer of the hl,iho willi Capt. CteorKe I), Messenee, at wliieli time the steamer made the (juickcst tri]) of any riviT iioal 
 thai hail yet ;<one from the Columbia, .\fter rcturninj,' Irom the .Souiiil he entered the employ of tlu' Stark Street I"erry Couipaiiy 
 ami remained with them for twelve years, leaving in iS^t. ami. in coinpany with Ca])tain Van .-^uken, purclia.iing the little sliaiuer 
 Cyiiont\ which they were iniforlunate enou}.;li to lose by tire .a lew months later. 
 
 " Capt. \V. (1. Weir is a native of .New Jersey, ami steamhoateil on the Lewis River route in 1S76 in connnami nf the sleanier 
 .Vrrrt/Zori'. He afterward ran the Hydra, /.lUiiiia au(l Lima Mason in the same trade. lie was eUKaKcd in tliis service for ci);lUeeii 
 years, a longer period than lias been spent by any other steamboatman on that run. The greater part of Ca])tain Weir's evpcrience 
 was with the late Captain Thomas, and, soon after Tiioinas withdrew. Weir retire<l and has since lived at I, a Centre. 
 
 ^■■Capt. Charles Hurean was born in ,Sl. I,abrielle in iS.;o and commenced steaniboatin^ on the Clatskanie in iSSo with the 
 Hydra. He aflerwanl built the steamer .Uaii::a>ii//o, which he operated "u the same route for many years, linally disposinn of liis 
 interests to the Shavers, who sncceedeil liim in that trade. I'or tlie past few years Captain Bureau has been eUK'aKed in Iniuherint; 
 
 ^■'Capt. [''rank H. Turner was l)orn in California in 1S5C) an<l appeareil on the Columbia River in 1876 on the steamer Ijihiij. 
 on which and on the A';/ fan U'iiilclc he was enga>,'ed until 1S7S, when he was appointed captain of the steamer ijiiiititif. 
 where be remained until i.SSu. He was next nnister of the /■'<■« Holladay for a few nu>nths ami then took connnami nf ilie 
 H'eil/>orl, which he ran until January, ISS^. He then eiUereil the emplov of the Willamette .Steam Mills as master of the ^ll■anle^ 
 U'ondir, serviu),' for four years, and then desi^;ned ami built the .\o H'oiidfr, the most perfect towboat that hail yet niailv its 
 appearance on the river. She was c(|uipiieil with a great many new contrivances for handlinx the tow lines by steam power 
 and was provided with a centerboard. .She was steered with sle.iin gear, an invention which Captain Turner patented in i.SSN. 
 and which has since been adopted by steamers in ilillerent ])arls of the West, beiu^ in use on various boats on the Willanu'iu- ami 
 Columbia, on I.ake Cuur d'.Alene, and on the .Sacramento River. CaiHaiu Turner is also the inventor of a number iil ullier 
 api)liances for use on steamboats. He left the service of the Willamette Steam Mills a few years aj;o and has since been eni]ilo>eii 
 as master and pilot on several passenger steamers out of rortland. He has been prominently coiniectcd with the .\iMtricaii 
 Hrotherhood of i'ilots since the organization of Harbor No. 21 at Portland. 
 
 "Ca])t. I. Smith of .Montesauo was born in Massachusetts in 1S47. He spent the early part of his life on sailing ve.'-'.i.ls 011 
 the .Atlantic Dcean, to the West Indies ami to Mediterranean and .\frican jiorts. On re.achiuf; the Columbia in 1S6H he sincil as 
 tnate with Captain Keed on the steamer A'iSiiif for about two years, ami was next in conimaml of the S/ioo Fly, lowing for W i iillor's 
 Mills. He was also on the It'i'm/ir for the same companv for two years, and then entered the employ of tlie Williiiielte 
 Transportation Company, where he commanded the steamers ll'il/aiiiillf C/iict, Hcai'fr and (iovrnior (htKrr. In 18S', he ulireil 
 from the water and ennaj,'e(l in the merc.intile business until I.SSS, when he went to the Cliehalis River and took charfjr . 'I the 
 steamer . //'e'>i/ic«, niiiuiug her four years between Peterson's I'oiut and Montesano. He subseipienlly for a short time hiii'lU'il 
 the Criiistr, C/iilialis and Mmilrsaiio, and two years ago took charge of the /tf.v;V Hiinvws, with which he has since been coinitoteil. 
 
 "'Capt. James H Woolery was born in St. I.ouis, Mo., in 1S51, came to the Pacific Coast when ipiite young and coimiinceil 
 steainboating on Pn^et Sound in the latter part of the sixties on the lilizii Anderson. He was afterward engaged with Cap! lack 
 CoBurove on the steamer Mary Woodiuff, Koing from her to the Cflilo, which he commamled. He also had diarge of the Iul 
 and a number of the other early steamers .Soon after the steamer /•Vri/:oooi/ was taken to the Sound, Captain Wool 1 
 put in command, hut, after running her a short lime, resij^ned ;inil entered the political arena. He was elected sheriff i-: 
 County, and subseipienlly held other important ollicial positions in the Slate of Washiugtou. The cool head and stead 
 which made him a successful steamboalniau did not desert him, ami while performing the duties of sherilf of King County 1 
 an enviable record. 
 
 /'/A'/ 
 I V was 
 KiiiK 
 nerve 
 made 
 
 
Vict (-11 Lake 
 ken to Texas 
 
 was hiiilt at 
 lislifd liy an 
 lul silo l)ej;an 
 iiiiaiKltd the 
 t exclusively 
 ber 2,vl, with 
 en in cliar^e 
 
 an<l Josepli 
 me, althoii^jh 
 31ney and \V. 
 
 a few years, 
 if the steamer 
 
 in Januar>', 
 vard rebuilt, 
 hundred and 
 enty-four feet 
 
 with engines 
 inches. Two 
 E constructed 
 S. The larger 
 .vas launched 
 fith, for Cap- 
 an, and made 
 14th, hut per- 
 I this side of 
 1 shortly after 
 ;o \'ictoria hy 
 bharKc of her 
 i. Woolery, 
 
 Cliute. 1)11 tlic 
 uiid llial ye.ir 
 ny ri\i'r lujal 
 rry CiiMi]Kiny 
 Hull' stiauUT 
 
 itf the stt'aiiier 
 ' fur I'ixlUeiMi 
 ■'s I'xpfrit'uci" 
 
 iSSo Willi the 
 ^piisin^ of Ills 
 in hiiiilieriiiK. 
 iiiier I'jiun.t. 
 ■r {Jniil;ilep. 
 iinand of tilt 
 the ^UMincr 
 \ ft ni.'uic its 
 <tiMiii piiwer 
 ■iiti-cl ill iSSiS, 
 'illanicllc ami 
 iilier 111 "llier 
 iciMi i-iiiplcntil 
 Ihu .\iiuricau 
 
 iiiK ves--clsoii 
 
 iS lie sfi veil a.s 
 
 lor Wii.ller's 
 
 he Willamette 
 
 HS; he retired 
 
 c'liiirt;i- "ftlie 
 
 lime Iiaiiilleil 
 
 en coniiecteil. 
 
 d coiuii.iiiceil 
 
 ith Capt. luck 
 
 ■thetuc/W''' 
 
 Wool-.iv was 
 
 icriir .■; Kini! 
 
 sleaih iiervc 
 
 iintv li> made 
 
 Loss of the "Pacific," New Transportation Companies on the Willamette nml Columbia 
 
 241 
 
 who ki i't her until she was l)ottnht l)y the Hritish Columbia Towing & Transportation Company for jjti 3,500. 
 Capt. J. ones Christcn.sen was then put in charge. In 1.SH2 Captain Cavin ran the steamer, and in iH.s^ 
 she wa-' purcha.sed l)y Dunsmuir, and in his employ was handled by Cai)tains DoUKla.ss, Hutler, Hendrodt 
 and I.tuience. Capt. William Johnson,"' at present one of Vancouver's i>ilots, was for several years mate 
 of the tug. In iSyi she was seized at Port .\nBeles for towing the American ship I'alley J'o>t<i' in American 
 waters, but was released on the payment of a small fine. She was laid up shortly afterward, the machinery 
 removed and the hull converted into a barge, rniniing as such until March, iSij5, when it was wrecked with 
 llie tuK / 'elos, at which time several lives were lost. The Pilot was one hundred and twenty-one feet long, 
 twenty two feet beam, and ten feet hold. The tug Columbia, launched at Knappton in 1S76, was one hundred 
 and two feet long, twenty-one feet beam, and eleven feet hold. She was built by A. M. Simpson, proceeded 
 to San Hranci.sco tinder sail, and was there fitted with machinery, returning to the Columbia in January, 
 is;7, ill comniiiid of Capt. W. Clements, formerly of the barks Rival and IVIiistlcr. Her first work after 
 arrival was in towing the bark Matlir Madcav from Astoria to Portland, accomplishing the task in twelve 
 hours and fifteen minutes. Capt. George C. Klavel relieved Clements, and Daniel McVicar, M. I). Staples, 
 Hricjiiliiison and Alexander Malcolm had charge of her until iS.S;, when she was sent to Coos liay. Capt. 
 lames .McGee commanded her until i.So,^, when she again returned to the Columbia and was handled by 
 Capt. H. .\. Matthews.' 
 
 The Ga-jell<\ a small sternwheeler owned by Armstrong, Hryant iS: Co., was launched at Portland 
 in November. She was built by Pacquet and contained the machinery from the old steamer Carrie. The 
 f/'ii.v//c was operated on a number of routes out of Portland until iS.sj, when she was .sold to Dr. Rogers of 
 I'erndak-, near Seattle, and taken around by Capt. Irwin Karrer. A year later she was purchased by W. D. 
 Scott iS: Co. and afterward by Capt. Hiram Oliiey, and while in charge of the latter was burned on the 
 Still.igtiainish River in March, i.S.S^. Captain Armstrong, I,. A. liailey, H. F. Johnson and He/. Caples 
 comnianded her on the Columbia. Increasing business on the Piiget Sound steamboat routes opened the 
 field for some of the surplus steamers of the Columbia and Willamette fleet. The steamer Annie Slexiarl was 
 purchased in May by Capt. L. M 
 
 .>^tarr and was taken to the Sound 
 
 in June liy Captain Wiii.sor. The 
 
 Willamette Transportation iS: Locks 
 
 Company sold the steamer /leaver to 
 
 I'riali Nelson for the Stickeen River 
 
 trade. Capt. George D. Messegce 
 
 took her around from Portland, and 
 
 Capt. J. I). Tackaberry ran her from 
 
 Vicliiria to Alaska. The steamer .S7. 
 
 I'lilr/d- also went from the Columbia 
 
 li) run lietween Port Gamble a n d 
 
 ."^eaheck. The (ieneral Canby was 
 
 making occasional trips between the 
 
 Cohnnliia River and Tillamook in 
 
 iS;6 ill charge of Capt. W. P. 
 
 Whitcoiiib and Engineer Al.sea I'ox. 
 
 The first night-boat appeared on the 
 
 .\storia route in 1.S76, the flonita 
 
 raikini; the experiment, which at 
 
 iluit time proved unprofitable, and 
 
 It tlie close of the seaside business was discontinued for several years. The I.illle Annie, a small sternwheeler, 
 
 was Iniilt at Myrtle Point in 1876 by William K. Rackliff, who operated her on the Coquille River. She performed 
 
 *''Cai)t, William Johnson of X'anoouvcr, II. C, was horn in Sweden. He he^^ati sailing out of the ports of his nati\'e 
 iiHiiiiry ill 1S72 anil eontinned on dee]) water niilil 1S76, when he arrived on the hark AnlioAi al Hurrard's Inlet, where he seeiireil 
 iiiiploynu in on the tug I'.tln U'liih\ He reiiiained on her for nearly four years and then went to the Coluniliia River and 
 worked a-- ipiarterniaster on ditfereiit steamers for two years, siil)se<|iietitly joining the tug Pilot at \'icloria and serving witli her as 
 mate for iliiee years, after whieh he was ap])ointed master of the tug Ht'tt. lie left the latter vessel to take eoinmand of the Active 
 HI the same service, and four years later received his appointment as pilot of deeii-watcr vessels in the Nanaimo district, a 
 position ill which he has heen very successful. 
 
 'V'apt. II. A Matthews was horn in Rpckland. Me., in 1S15. He enlisted in the I'niled .States Navy in 1S6;,. serving on the 
 >loop lii.''';lyn in the West v lulf Sunadron, and participating in the engagements at Mohile Hay anil (ialveston. After the close of 
 llicwar In entered the merchant service and sailed out of .Vew Vork until 1S79, when he went to the Colunihia and joined the tug 
 I ./- t:ft'':hiiin as mate. \ year later he was appointed h.'ir pilot, hut left Captain I'lavel's emjiloy when the /. C. 0>«\/;/.¥ was placed 
 I'll tile liar, anil remained with the opposition until the loss of their vessel, beint; carried to San I'rancisco on a Hritish shij) which 
 'lepiloleil tiiii ihe day the pilot .schooner was wrecked. He had a thrilling exjierience in iSS^ with the Hritish hark Xoillienilmv, 
 which w.is nif the Columhia bar for twenty-three davs, ten of which she was lying on her beam ends, hut Malthew-s finally succeeded 
 ai fiettiii^ lii-r safely in. He has remained almost cimlinuouslv in the service at the mouth of the river, with the exception of a year, 
 'liiriri}; wlnrh he had charge of the l/nited States steamer Lincoln, and occasional periods when he commauded other small vessels. 
 
 Stkamsuip "Omohok \V. Ki.pfu" at Sitka 
 
 1, 
 
 i;* ■ ■ 
 
 1 ■ 
 
 'III 
 
 •It H 
 
243 
 
 Lewis cf Drydvn'a Marine History of the Pacific Norti}*iL>st 
 
 1: fi: 
 
 Rood service for iiearly firtccti ye.ars. UacklifT was succceileil in iH.Sj liy Charles Iv lulwnrds, ' I.tni Snyder, 
 Jahez Ihill and (".enrHe W. Leiicvc. Her owners at difTcrent times were J. II. (liles, \\. (',. HIanaKaii, n, K^.i.,! 
 and II. W. and R. J. Dnidiani. On Coos Kiver the steamer /««(i was laiuulied by Capt. A. Cainiilull ,v Sciu 
 and coiinnanded l)y C. Campbell until iS.s^, when N. J. Cornwall took charge and ran her lor over Uii years. 
 The Juno was fifty-.seven feet long, eleven and one-half feet beam, and four and one-half feet hold, witli iiint |iy 
 twelve inch en>;ines. W. F. Jewett owned her after the Campbells disposed of her, 
 and George W. Campbell '' was one of her best known engineers. 
 
 The most important event in the ocean steamship business in i.s;^! was the 
 arrival of the (iti»f;f W. h'.ldir, which the Oregon vSteamship Coiupany brought to 
 the Coast this year for the northern route. Capt. l'"r?ncis CunTier, who came out 
 with the steamer, was in charge on her first trip to Portland, Septemlier 5th, her 
 time from San Francisco l«ing .seventy hours. With him were li. I'', (lilder- 
 sleeve, chief engineer; A. Dorrity,'" first assistant; 11. Drinckerhoff," .second 
 assistant; G. Parker, third assistant ; Charles Hughes, purser ; II. Ila^ ins, freight 
 clerk. The hlldrr was continued on the northern routes. Cornier being succeeded in 
 command by I.achlan, Morse, Reichmann, Hay ward, Ackley, Carroll, Hunter, Lyons, 
 Lewis, Patterson, Slannard, Jessen and others. At the present time she is ti.sed by 
 the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company to carry freight on the Portland anil 
 
 San Francisco route. The IJdcr was 
 '' ^. built at Chester, Penn., in i^;). and is 
 
 two hundred and fifty feet long, thirty- 11. hrimkli.,,.,,, 
 
 eight feet beam, and twenty-one feet hold ; net tonnage, i,j.'4. The 
 
 ■-. same company also added the ( V/r ol Cluslei to their Pacific Coast 
 
 ^^ fleet. Captain Holies of '' Ajux was sent blast to bring hir to tin 
 
 ,^^^^^^H Coast, and she was the h ocean steamer to i)ass over Hull CUt- 
 
 .^^r^^^Bjl after that dangerous obstruction was removed from New York I'nrl«)r. 
 
 \ ^^V^^^^ '^''^ ('/;(•.!/<•/■ did not arrive on the northern route until Marcli, i,s;; 
 
 ' KjM^^M liolles was succeeded in i,S7.S by Captain Mackie, with Iv Polciuaiitr 
 
 ^^t^^^^^^^ 3^ mate, the latter having command in i.s.So, with Frank Cimk.son. 
 
 ^^^^^^^B^^^^^^ engineer. Captains Carroll and Wallace afterward ran the stiaincts 
 
 ^^^^^tt^^^^^^^^^^^^ on 111 18.S.S sunk at 
 
 f^^^^K ^^^^^^^^^^^^^tjji Golden Gate by time John M.icdoiiald.' who 
 
 ^^f^^tBK/ffKtf^ ^"Capt. Charles Iv Ivlwanls i'( I'.olil Hracli, was Imrii Imliaiiu 
 
 TlJ^S^^^^^^^ l''<53. After nuiiiiii].; for a ye.ir im llie Wisconsin Rivir, lie lanii' tii Ccus Hay in 
 
 .« 1S76. lie was on the steamer i.ittlc . hiriit' on llie Coqnilk' Ki\i'r for ei;.^!n yt-ar^, 
 
 leaving lier to jilace the tnachinery in llie siianier C'lir.s. with wliiili lie ran .i« 
 engineer for several inonths. He has since then heeii engaged on Ihv . hi /rl<'/'<'. 
 DiS^iilili, .lltil, IHiiiiiv, Ciios /hiv, Jiiiio. and other steamers, serving as master 
 and engineer and sometimes in Iiotli capacities at once on the small hoals. lit- 
 has reeenlly lieen emiiloyed on the h'alii- Cook as engineer. 
 
 ■"George W. Caniphell, engineer, Marshlicld, Or., was horn in Ilmoklyii. 
 N. v., in 18.10, and on reaching the Piicifn- Coast 
 l-RA.sK CiiiiKsuN in 1870 was connected with the I'niteil Slates 
 
 steamer Ilasslt'r in the coast survey service. IK 
 was on the //itss/c'f for five years and then joined the Coos Bay steamer, /////c as engineer, remaining 
 with her about four years. IK then changed his occuiiatiou ami liecanie master of the steamer 
 lliitha for a few months and pilot of the steamer Stitiiliti' for a year. lie snhse(|uenlly worked 
 ashore for a while, returning to the liino about nine years ago and leaving her again in iS.S6 to 
 follow his |)rofession on land. At the present lime he is engineer of the Marshfield I'iie Department. 
 
 *"A. Dorrity, engineer, was born in Belfast in iS^^i and joined the steamer Siii(i/oi;ii in iSfi.i 
 in New VorU. lie continued running out of Atlantic Coast ports until 1S76, when he came to the 
 Pacific Coast as first assistant of the (t'lOffif II'. lilttfr, and held that position until iSSy, when he 
 wjis appointed chief engineer, ami has served for fourteen years in thai caj>acity, jill the time <ni the 
 northern routes, with the exce])tion of two trips to Panama. In 18m Mr. Dorrity left the water 
 for a short lime, but about a year ago joineil llie sleatnship Oi't'^on as first assistant. 
 
 " II. BrinckerliolT, engineer, was born in New York in 1.S49 and was engaged in the marine 
 business on the l\jisterii coast until 1876, vhen he accompanied the ('t'oixr 11'. Ehit'r to the 
 I'acific, returning to New York within a short time anil making a second trip with the steamer 
 On'^ou. He was snbsecinently employed on the Columbia, where he served as first assistant en;;i- 
 Iieer until his death in .Xpril, 1895. 
 
 '■'Capt. i;. I'oleniann was born in Oermauy in 1844, and spent his early life sailing out <if 
 Oerman jiorts. Cajitain Poleniann was second ofTicer of the steamship .SV///7A'/'iind oneof the fifteen 
 
 survivors of the wreck, in wliieh .several hnndreil lives were lost. He arrived on the Pacific Coast caii. 11. c m m: 
 
 in 1877 ami began rnnuin>< north on the .7/(i.r. He was subseiinenlly in coniinand of the steamers 
 
 Cilyol' Clifslfr and (imif;t' II'. Elder, and in 1.S81 look charge of the steamship 1 hri;oii, which he has sailed between San I'raiicisco 
 and Portland for fourteen years and which he still commands when she is in commission. He is at present residinj^ in .Ai.iiiiedii.Cal. 
 
 "John MacdonaM, engineer, was born at Glencoe, .Scotland, in 1S4S, and began sailing out of British ports in i" '1 on tli« 
 steamer /.otidoii, which was wrecked the same year while CH rou/e from London to llelbourne. and was one of the iiii;. iiieiiiliw* 
 of the crew that were saved. In 1S70 he was cast away with the steamship Qiifiii of the Thames about ninety miles -"-iii of '•"* 
 Cajie of Good Ilojie. Mr. Macdonalii's next experience as a shipwrecked mariner was on the Edilh .Siiiilli, which struck reef ilea' 
 Bird Island on the southeast coast of Africa. Soon after this he went to the I'acific Coast and in IS?!) entered the eiii] "V of tlir 
 Pacific Mail Steamship Company, where he remained until i8.S,S. In August of that year he was water-tender on the slc.iv r Cll)'<>J 
 
Lnsn of thv "Pacific," New Transportation Companies on thu Willamette and Cnlumhia 
 
 2): 
 
 llplHll \ Sdll, 
 
 )Vi'r till yea^ 
 1, with nine In 
 
 r-- 
 
 41 ^ 
 
 l.Nt KI:HU(U K 
 
 {c, i,.'.'(. Tli« 
 r Pacific Coast 
 Itriiig licr to the 
 jver llcU Gate 
 w York I'arbor. 
 
 11 Miircll, IS;; 
 I Iv, I'dlciiiaim 
 .''rank Cooksoii, 
 in tlic >.tiamci- 
 as sunk at tin- 
 acdonald' wlm 
 
 irn in lii<li:uia in 
 nil- t(i Ciii>s Hay in 
 
 1 I'nr eii^lu yearv 
 1 «liii'li lif 1,111 J« 
 
 nil till' . Iiili'n't''. 
 
 crviiiK lis ui.istK 
 ■ siiMll liouts. lie 
 
 Kini ill Hriiiiklyii, 
 
 wasuiic Ml the crew tlistiliBiiished liiiiisclf liy rcscuiiin a lady passciiKcr. The C/i,sl,> and tlie IMn inauHuratcd 
 tlie tivi il.iv service between I'ortland and San Francisco. The steainshii) Imsiness on the I'nuet Smmd and 
 \ictorii mute was handled liy the Cilv ,<i Pninmn. Capt. VV. M. Sealmry, ;ind the />,Uv/,i, Capt. II. (',. Morse. 
 The /'- .I'l and /.////<• Ci/i/om/n, nW that icinained ol" the hij; licet formerly controlled l.y Hen Holkiday. were 
 sold In Picendier. iH7r), hy Hen Ilollailay, Jr., to P. H. Cornwall. The steamship /i/n/m was purchased from the 
 Oregnii ■^team-'hip Company liy CiiHididl, Nelson iS: Co. 
 
 The l"n«el Sonn<l Transjiortaion Company was incorporated at Olympin in i.s;r): Thomas Macleay, 
 president; A. H, Steele, suretary and treasurer; J. (5. Parker, luanancr. They bnill the .1/, vw-wi,'*/ and operated 
 heron the Seattle route three trips a week. She made her first run Decemlier 17th in cominaiul of Capt. J. I). 
 I'arker. The company afterward constructed the steamer />,iisi\ Ciipl. C.. II Parker," and purchased the steamer 
 Jissi,: Capt. H. N. I'arker, K'vitiK them a through line from Olympia to Ml. Wiuon on the Skanit, and I,a Conner 
 ,111 Swinoiuish SIoukIi. The .I/cwcwt-y; was a well hnilt steamer and handled an immense amount of husiness 
 III the early days of steamboatinK on the Sound. The I'arker Hrothers handled her for many \ ears, and John 
 II. Kennedy" and Alexander C. Riddell"' were engineers. She was destroyed hy fire at Tacoma in i.Scj. Other 
 sUaincrs appeariug on the 
 .•^onnd ill 1X76 were the ( 'ii/>- 
 ihil, built at Olympia, the 
 lh'(ui\ Miiniif A/ny and the 
 Xel/ii\ the most pretentious 
 III' any of Ihein at Seattle. 
 .''iliewas huiiiched from Ham- 
 iiioiid's yard, July 22i\ for 
 Kohhins. Wright 'i Stretch, 
 iiul heKaii rniiuin); between 
 Milton and Seattle, afterward 
 working on the .Snohomish 
 .iiicl.'skanit routes. Robbins' 
 share in the steamer was 
 .villi liy the sherilT in 1877, 
 .iiiil Capt. Charles I,ow ])ur- 
 iliased the interest held by 
 Wright. Ill i87,S a one-third 
 iiwnership was boUKhl by 
 Mr. (lallireath of Cassiar. 
 Her nllicers in i.S7,S were: 
 Charles I,ow, captain; .\. 
 .\I. ('.ilniaii, engineer; Hen- 
 j.iimn Stretch, purser. The 
 Uiiiiiie .}/(!]■ was built for 
 the Lake Washington trade 
 
 liy Cajil. William Jensen.'' At Port Madi.son, Cajitain Ilornbeck launched the fine steamer /'cv/if/c/;. She was 
 ilisposeil of in October to Capt. J. N. Hrittaiii, who operated her for several years. Captains VV. K. Mnnroe, 
 
 Srf A.MI-.K ■" .NKM.IK' 
 
 I I 
 
 li. 
 
 I, 
 
 ■i 
 
 I'eil Sun 
 1 .\1,.: 
 
 1- ill 1- 
 llie iiiiii 
 liles ^1' 
 struck 
 lie eini 
 he ste.ii 
 
 rallflsco 
 i,..ilil. Cil. 
 
 ', 1111 llii- 
 lIK'lulnr- 
 .h iif.lie 
 reef near 
 •v of till' 
 rCi/y" 
 
 ' 'ii'/ii when she was sunk liy the steaiiisliip Oifdiii, , lU w liieli liiiie thirty peoiile were losl. M.iiiloiiaicl escaped ami rescued a laily 
 iMsseii^jer. wilh whom lie swam for thirty minutes, ludli beiiij.^ linally picked up Ity a linat. 'I'he iaily afterwanl <lieil from the exposure 
 lie was next 011 tlie steamer Ctn's Hay for a few iiinullis .iiiil suli^eciueiitly iiiiued llie luiled ,s;i;iic>. •iiirvey steamer l/nsslfi as 
 iiL^cIiiiiisi. !taviu|( tier after a year to acce])t the iiosiiiou ofi hicf eii.i.iineer 011 tlu- steamship .l/ir/t-t'/i;, where lie remaincil for a few 
 liliilltlls aiiil llieii served on tile steamer .7/ A'/ lor two years, ruunill;^ [<i .Alaska. .After lea\ iu^ the latter lie was elll]ilo\ed on the 
 ' 'lif'iir, ami suliseiiueutly ciitereil the emiiloy of the Market .Street Railway Company, where lie has since lieeti eti^a^eil. 
 
 "Capt. (',. H. Tarkcr, the son of I'unet .Sound's jiioueer steamlioatman. J. d. I'arker, was horn in Sacramento in 1.S5S, ami 
 iilicii a siiiaii hoy picked uji the rudiments of steamhoatiii^ on the .-///(/(/, of which his father was master, in 1S70. He hej^an active 
 niirk ill Ills |iri)fession in iS;^ on the steamer ,1A .v.iiv/i,',) . which was haudleil hy a I'arker crew, and since that time he has hcc 11 in 
 iiiniinaiiil of nearly all the steamers ruiinin^r on I'u^et .Siuiiid. lie resides al Tacoma. Wash. 
 
 ''Jiiliii II. Kennedy, eu^!ineer, was horn in Maine in iS-;[ and commenced sleanilioatiii); 011 I'li^jel Sound in 1S7.S on the 
 -ii'mwliceUr Olln . lie ran as hrenian on the U'lihil, /. /.'. I.ihhy. . ///i/ii. . \nnii- S/i:,;i>/, C/irlinli^ and /.ifh\i\ and then served 
 Milli Capi |. C, I'arker as engineer on the Mmtiit^i 1 for three years. When the I'lVniy lakf was rehiiiit Kennedy placed the 
 fiiKiiit's ill position, and washer lirst engineer when she started <nit ay;ain. lie w.as sul>sei|iieiuly on the /•'li~ti .-hitlit^t'Pi as first 
 i-iistant. •.;iiinj; from her to the Liiiiiiii //iiy;,;iiit. where he lield a similar position. He was also chief of the /lityiraij and with 
 lilt' Ore;,', 111 Railway iS; Navij^ation Cotniiany for three years. Since then he has heen einjiloyed on the steamers Glidt', ^fahti and 
 ' tlyoi . r.n/i'iii. and is al present cliiel'en^'ineer of the latter steamer. 
 
 " .\lexander C. Riihlell, engineer, was horn in Naiituckel. Mass., in i,Ss2. .At the a^e of fourteen he sailed out of New York 
 fiir China .Old the Imlies. In 1S7.1 he went to the I'ai'ilic Coast and ran as eiij^inc storekeeper on the ( 'ity of i\ifia>nii hetween San 
 Iraiieiscii ,111(1 Seattle, and was afterward en^jiiieer mi the steamer .l/c(><v/i,",7- lietHecu .Seatlle and ( )lynipia. Riddell has also served 
 ■1^ eiif^iuecr on the steamers /htisv, L'/ani /!>vh'>i, UiUtY Iniilcv, /. /•'. Mt Xtiiii^hl and /uiii'/v /.ti/::\ having heen on the latter vessel 
 "lleli sill- iiiirned. 
 
 ' C.ipt. William Jensen of Victoria, H. C. was horn in Liverpool in i,S.;o, came to .Auierica when ipiite youiiKi and sailed 
 I oast wise 1 111 of New York for several years. He ran for a short time on the steamer t itt-at /uis/t-r/i in iSfi^ and arrived in California 
 111 1S71, u:ii-re he handled a frei>j;lit hoat on the .San jnaii River fora\ear. He went to Yietoria in 1S72 and in 1S76 to Seattle, 
 "lierelie 'uilt the steamer A/iiinir J/iiy, wliieli he used on I.ake Washin^'ton and on the Sound for about a year, and then sidd her 
 loCaplaii Hamlin and retired from the marine husiness to en^'a(,'e in holel-keepiiiK- 
 
^ 
 
 Iji : ; > 
 
 rt. 
 
 •44 
 
 Lewis <!( Dryckn'a Marine History of tho Pncilto Northmit 
 
 et-pdrt. 
 
 Beiijiimin Harris" and olher iuhhUts ran liur on tlie San Jiiiin Island route, llrittiiin sold the stt-anur to Morgan 
 
 & MiistinKS 1)1' I'ort Townsi'ud, and while in coiinnand of Capt. Dave Hill in iHSi; she was l)urnc(l to tlic wal(;r\ 
 
 fdHf at SuatlU'. The wreek was purchased and rebuilt liy I',. Iv Caine iS: Co , who sold her in Marcli. iSyo, tn 
 
 O, Mayer and I.ouis Henspeter." The various routes and the steaimrs thereon on Pu^et Sf)und in \s-i< were an 
 
 I'ollows : Victoria, /\li :a .hii/incii and A'o/M /'(fc///, ,• Olyiiipia am! 
 Tiiconin, .liiiiif Slavarl and /ifhyr : Snohomish and Skagit, AV///V 
 and Fanny l.akc; BellinKhain Hay, /. I). I.ibby and /hipaldi 
 Seabcck, Plutntom : White River, (.'oimi ; Duwauiisli, //Vy/nc and 
 Ollfi ; I'ort Hlakely, Siinrss ; I'ort Madison, A'«/m' , I'ree 
 Cililo ; general tradinji; aTid Ireight- 
 in^, /Slaik' Piamond and '/'la.ur ,■ on 
 Lake Washington, .litilic, Miiiiiif May 
 and Jamci .\foilii\ The 'Dtioina, the 
 finest tn^'hoal in the Northwest, 
 arrived on the Sound in August. 
 She was built at ,S.ni I'Vaucisco, is 
 one hundred aiul thirty-six feet 
 loiiR, twenty-four I'eet beam, and 
 twelve feet hold. Capt. John T. 
 Connick was her first master, and 
 she has remained in active service 
 since that time. At present she is 
 
 commanded by Capt. John S. HoIIouk, '^"''- *-■'"""" '•"« 
 
 with J. v. I'riniro.se, en({ineer. While the Tacoma was i monster 
 in size and power compared with the tn(,'l)oats that had prececkd 
 her, she was a small craft comiiared with a British ColuiuMa \\\f. 
 launched this year at I'ort I'vSsiiiKton, on the Skeena Kiver. This 
 mammoth of her class was built by the McAllister Hrotliers, wliu 
 
 selected the remote location on the Skeena in order that the raw material to be used in the hull nii^lit \k 
 
 ea.sy of acce.ss. This vessel, which was christened the . llc.xander, was one hundred and eighty feet Iomk, with 
 
 twenty-.seven feet beam, and was towed to \'ictoria by the Otter in November to receive her machinery, which 
 
 came out from Ivngland on 
 
 the bark Mountain J. am;/. 
 
 It cost a fortune to build the 
 
 craft, which was nicknamed 
 
 MiA /lister's J'o//y, and the 
 
 cost of operating her was in 
 
 proportion to her dimensions. 
 
 Captain Kudlin, her first 
 
 master, was succeeded l)y 
 
 Morrison, Marchant, J. I). 
 
 Warren, John McAllister, 
 
 Ur(|uhart and Uendrodt. As 
 
 .soon as the running expen.ses 
 
 had exhausted the remainder 
 
 of McAllister's wealth, the 
 
 A/exander was disposed of 
 
 to Captain Warren for R. 
 
 Dunsnuiir in June, iSSo, the 
 
 ., ^. , . ,M JiKITISI! TIT, " A|,KXAN1.|-;K ' 
 
 consideration being $15,000. 
 
 Dunsnuiir ran the steamer until about i,S9o, when she was sold to T. P. H. Whitelaw of San Francisco, who 
 
 converted her into a whaler. At Victoria the new Re/ianee was launched in March, 1876, for Capt. John Irving. 
 
 Hl-:Nt.\MIN HAKI.ls 
 
 m 
 
 ' J I 
 
 '"Capt. Heiijamin Harris was lioni in MassachusuUs in uS^7 and followed the sea wliilc a younn man. He oanu 
 Sonnd in 1.S58 and coinim-Miced steaniboaUni; on tlie Ratii^er No. J from San I'rancisco. Ih* was next on llie lilizd . /'/■/ 
 since llial lime has heen in continuous service, having had command at different periods of nearly every small steamer 
 Sound, lie is at present residing in Seattle. 
 
 "Capt. I.ouis IIensi>eter was horn in Illinois in 1855, and on rcachiu),' the Sonnd, in 1S72, hc^au ruuninK as deok 
 fireman on the /.ep/tyr, (ri)lia/i. Nort/i /Kieijie and .l/ida. He wfis afteruanl on the Comet for a few months as mate an. 
 appointed master. .Since then he has heen on the /. />. i.ibby, /li-ipole/i, Ten%ei\ (ieor.i^e A". .Stiiir, /.one /■'is/ieniiivi .un! 
 lie owned the latter ste.'uner for .'i ye.'ir and a half and then sold her to the Slimson Mill Company. He sul)se(iueutl\ ' 
 steamer /h'spnteli. which he operated for a year as a towboat and then fitted for passeiifjer .service and used her on 
 route. His last steamer was the i'ttri/tin. 
 
 to PiiKfl 
 
 I Mill, iiiiil 
 
 oil I'lU'et 
 
 liaiul anil 
 was then 
 I'liaiilom. 
 
 .illjrllt lilt 
 
 llie islaml 
 
Losn of thv "PiKiHc," Now Trnnnimrtntlon Cnmfinnifn on thv Wilhivfttr and Cnhimbin 
 
 245 
 
 Shevva^' nnstructed l>y Joliii I'. Sti'ffi'ii, " the Portland sliipliuildcr, iitid contaiiifd lioilcrs maiiufiiclurcd l)y the 
 
 W'illaiiuUo Inm Works. Tlif stcniiifr was otif liiiiulrfd and twciity-tliree feet loii^, iwci.lylhree feet beam, four 
 
 fci't six luilies hold, and was operated on the I'VasiT. 
 
 Till.' most important vessel built in the Northwest in 1.S76 was the revenne cutter Thomas Corwiii, Innnched 
 
 nt Alhiini, Or., AuKUst 2y\. The Coruiii is one hundred and fifty 
 feet touK, twenty-four feet beam, and twelve feet holil, and cost 
 $i)2,(v)o. As she was the first (lovennient vessil I'onslructed in the 
 State of Orej;on, the occasion of her liiunch bronnht fortli an immense 
 crowd of spectators, The Corwin is still in active servico, and for 
 several years past has spent the summer in lierinj; .Sea looking after 
 the sealing interests. 
 
 The construction of first-class sailing vessels in the North- 
 west had louK since passed the expcrinicntal sta^'e, and amon^f the 
 additions made to the coasting licet in iSjfi was ihe bark Caxstiiu/id 
 .tJaiiis, a ve.s.sel of nearly i.zdo tons register, launched at Scabeck. 
 and i)rovin>{ to be one of the fastest sailers alloal. She was for n 
 lonn time in charge of Caj)!. William V. Ivlwards, ' and was wrecked 
 near Cape Flattery in iHH.S. The barkentiiie /\'<i/if riiihiiii^n- was 
 completed at Helllown, a suburb of Se.ittlc, for 11. \' . and Sheldon 
 Allen of .Sail l''rancisco and Captain (lilman of Seattle. This vessel 
 has been employed in the coasting trade contiiuiously since, and at 
 present is owned by S. I'. Peterson and others of San I'rancisco. At 
 I'ort I.udlow, Hall Brothers constructed the three inastc<l schooners 
 Coiirsri, ,^S7 tons, Pniiiiir. .v>7 tons, and /\i/>o>l,r. ,^,',7 tons, and the 
 barkentiiie (Juiik:ili-/>, 423 tons. All of these, with the exception of 
 the Courser, are still in active .service. The schooner .Unry /\irker, 
 58.50 tons, was launched at I'tsalady, the A'o/>ir/ and Miinii,\ 1)4. ,v^ 
 tons, at Port Madison, the l/tiyis, i.S4.,V5 tons, and the /. /I. /.itiis, 
 
 .'17. 70 tons, on the rmp(pta, and the I.aiira May, 2,vt.4o tons, and the Jiiniic Slil/ti, J7,s tons, at Coos lia\ . The 
 
 li.irk (ian/'iiMi. a pioneer in the China trade, was |)urcliased by Corbetl it .Madcay of Portland. The .American 
 
 !iark IIV.vAv// /)'<•//(■ was completed at Math, Me., for U. K. Thompson, S. C Keed, Ikiirv KailiuK ami M. S. 
 
 DiirrcU of Portland, and Capt. W. II. Hesse of Hath. The (Jregon Ship- 
 
 Iniildin^' Company was incorporated at Portland, November 11, 1876, for 
 
 the purpose of constructing and operating; sailing vessels. Kdwin Rus- 
 sell, W. S. I,add. A. P. Aiikeny, Donald Macleay, William Reid, H. 
 
 Goldsmilli and Charles Ilod^je were promoters of the enterprise. The 
 
 .small .sclioiiiier Oirmi S/'ruy was seized in Alaska on a charge of peddling 
 
 whisky among the Indians, ami was towed to Portland, where she was 
 
 sold at auction to William Gallick for $,V,S<">. 'I'he Columbia River grain 
 
 litel for i.S7(i included seventy-two vessels: thirty-seven British ships, 
 
 Uvfiityhvo British barks, five .\merican ships, two .\mericnii barks, one 
 
 Ciinnaii ship, two (iernian barks, and three French barks. The smallest 
 
 iif the fleet was the British bark Slrnlliftliii, 409 tons, and the largest 
 
 was the American ship Samuel Walls, 2,0,^5 tons. Captain Mountfort.' 
 
 John 1'. Stkit-kn 
 
 "Joiiii I". SU-fTfii WHS l)orii in Holsleiii, Cieriiiaiiy, in iSp, and leiirned slii])- 
 I'liililiiiK ill till- yards al I.iilit-ck, iiii tlie Trave, serving » seven years' apprenliceslii|i, 
 wliioli 111' siipiileniented willi four years' e-vjierienee al sea as a sliip ear|ieiiter. He 
 mulled ,S.iM l.'raiu'isid in |S6S and was in tlie service of llie ('loveninienl at llie Mare 
 Waiiil .S'avv Varil iDr nearly Iwii years. .^Tter coining; to I'lirllainl in 1.S70 lie was in 
 the iMn|ilov iif the Oregon .Steam Navi),'ali<in Ccnniiany I'nr twii years, and in 1.S72 
 mi;iiKi'cl ill sliip1iiiilditi){ mi his own aeeonnt. liis first iiniiliu'lion litiii^; the Mm ia 
 Wilknn. Siiiee thai time Mr. .SlelTen has (■(instriieted iiiaiiy ol llie fastest and finest 
 
 >U;iiiiliOals alliiat in tile Northwest, all of the steamers ojierated liy Jaeoli Kanini • 
 
 lijviii« l.eiii hnilt under his supervision, and the I'irloiiiui. I'. J. I'otlfi and a nnniher 
 "I olliiT ste.iiiiers of the Oregon Raihvav iS: .N'avi(iatiiin Coinpanv were lanmlied from 
 
 his yiinls. Over a score of boats eonstriicted by .SlelTen are sti'll alhial in Ihe North- Cait. j. j. Wixant 
 
 ivesl, and each attests the skill of the linilder, who has never yet made a failure. 
 
 ■^-apt William 1'. I')dwards was liorn in Maine in iS|7 and ciinimenced his marine life on the .Xtlanlic Coast in Ihe I'niteil 
 Stalls Sill \c'y .Service. He came to Ihe I'.icilic Coast in iSi)fton llie ship l.ivf (hii' and joined the schooner /. A'. U'/iilnn; in .San 
 I'raiici.scci, leinainiiiH with her until she was wrecked, and then Koiii),' to the liark .hltliinlr ('on/'ii- as mate. He was in the employ 
 »f W. J. .\daiiis it Co. for eijjhteeii years. dnriiiK w liicli he had eliarne of the liarks ( >irx<ii. C irvuiinlra .■h/iiiiis, and ships Olymfiih 
 anil/. .1/. diiflilhs. On leaving tins employ lie took the steamer Mmy lliiiiic for two years, running to Vx\ River, and then 
 rcceivfil liis |ireseiit coinmand, the steamship'//«/Hi'iii/(//. 
 
 '•I ipl. Kohert M. Moniitfort of 'facoma. Wash., is a native of lirniiswick. Me., and has been ennaxed in the marine bnsine.ss 
 for thirty line years. He came to the Colnmbia River in 1S76 in the ship Saiiiiiel II nils, at that time one of Ihe largest vessels to 
 filler tilt liver. .After making' a foreign voyage witli the Halls, he returned to .San I'rancisco ami ran for a year in tile coast trade 
 will the -liip Clia/lc»i;i-r. He snbsc()nentl'y saileil her to I'hiladeliiliia and returned in iSHi with a carno of railroad iron for the 
 Niiillierii I'.icific Railro.ad at Tacoma. At the present time lie is superintendent of the coal bunkers at that point. 
 
 
 
 f'lJNl! 
 
!l 
 
 
 ■is 
 
 246 
 
 lewis 4' Prydon's M:)riiw History o/' thr PncHic l^orth,vcsl 
 
 Nine of the vessels registered over i,.|i>ii tons, four over i,(uki tons, and twenty-four over 1,100 tons. Of iln. 
 Heet, Henry Ilewett 1.S: Co. disjialelieil eleven vessels. Corbett iS: Maeleay fifteen. .Mien >\: Lewis ten, Salnn I'loiii 
 Mills Company twelve, James I.aidlaw iS: Co. six. J. MeCrai.ken vV Co. two Uodjjers, Meyer vv Co hvilw 
 Miller, Marshall k\: Co. one, and R. C. Kiiniey thiee. The first ear(;o of wheat ever taken from l'ii(.',il .Somnj 
 was loaded at the Swinomish I'Mats in i.S;*! hy the hark II '. II . Seaver, Capt. William Tuttle. The sliipiwoiit ili.l 
 not j;o foreign direct, Imt was sei.' to San h'ranc'.seo and reloaded. 
 
 While the loss of life and property h- marine disasters in i.S;!! was insij-iiifieant eompared with tli.it ol 1!;,. 
 previous year, a eonsiderahle nuniher of small vessels and al least a .score of lives were saeriticed. Oiir ii| ||n. 
 Columliia River grain lleet, the liritish hark Xaboh, Ca])taiii I'etherston, sailed March 4th and was luvi 1 Iuai4 
 from. A new sloop Iniilt at Tillamook for the Ci.h,iiil)ia River trade was wrecked on Clatsop Ueacli in luhniaiv 
 and all on board perished. 'iMiey weie Capt. William Terwilliger. master and owner, Jo.seph Centeii, Ihc hiiiliK: 
 Indian (leorge, a pilot, Richard llall and William Haiky, each eij'hty years of age, .iiid James ImihsI. aRni 
 twenty. The schooner I'laiiia. Capt. Thomas K. I,ee, sailed fmin Kodiak, Decemlier J<ith, with a car^;c nl lii:^ 
 for San l"'ranci.sco, aiul is still ini.ssing. The ( aptaiii was accompanied liy his wife aiul two year-old son, ami li.ul 
 as pas.scngers I.uke Slieerar, formerly deputy collector at Kodiak, R. 1,. Williams. C. llaietonotT, 1). Sliiipsir. 
 iMiiil Shirpser, and a crew of six. The brig Pnfetuit sailed from Coos Hay, October J.^d, with a caigo of hiinlm 
 for San Francisco. She was towed out by the I'rur/i ss, and that night enconnlered a high wind, which i 1 .iMcasoil 
 until the next morning, when she sliii)])ed a sea that fdled the I'oiecastle and started the deck load. The lirii; 
 
 .soon became waterlogged, ami llu 
 lumber on deck was cast adiill. .\i 
 5:110 I'. M. the next day the iiiaimn.i>l 
 went by the lioard, and the deck 
 worked loose, finally diil'liiig ckai 
 of the hull. It was used as a rail hv 
 the survivors, the cook onlv lo.sini; 
 his life in attempting to reach il, and 
 afterward broke into three pieces, tin 
 captain, mate and three men remain- 
 ing on (Mie, two men on aiiolliei. and 
 the .second mate alone on one imitiMn 
 They drifted alx tit with mo Unn\ 
 except a few raw potatoes initil Oil. 
 ber .'7th. when they were rescind In 
 the .sclioimer l\i/-iini and t.ikiii to 
 San b'tancisco. The schooner //v/i. 
 Capt. J. J.WinaMt.' for ."s.m I'tanoi.sni 
 from Va(piina with a caigo of ovslir<, 
 hides, etc., \va- wrecked on Vai|iiin.i 
 bai. I'ebruary lOth. In sailiiii; 11! 
 the wind failed and the sclni'imt 
 drifted, a heavy sea pievcnliiij; Ini 
 anchois from lioliling. Shr vvjv 
 swept onto South Heach and swamped, the crew esca|>ing in small boats. Capl;iiii Winant proceeded to I ■itKiinl 
 and the rest of the crew went to Coos Hay. he vessel and cargo were valne<l at !f>i),c«Mi, and the wreck ^dd I'm 
 $^\^'. Ajnil sth the schooner (iiio/iiir Mtitiiiii, Captain Madison, bound foi San b'rancisco. wis <lesliiiviil .it 
 Yaipiina in exactly the same manner as the /,/::/V The loss was $ici,.«.m, and the wreck sold lor i.!f\ Tin- 
 schooner / '«</<• .S'(f/« was wrecke ! in .March near Cape b'oiilweatliei, all on board perishing, and wluir llu- linll 
 came ashore the masts were found to ha\e been cut aw.iy, indii aling that disaster had overtaken lu i it m.i Oih' 
 body was found in the wreck. 
 
 The .Vmerican bark (h/;,it/i/. owned by William Reiiton ami coinmauded by Capt. J. S lUack, w.is unckid 
 oil Sonwarros Reef, in latitude 1 ,^i . longitude ti\\. The vessel was rii ii'ii/r from I'ort Townsend in Ni« 
 Caledonia with lumber, and was lost through .111 iiror of the chronometer. The .Vmerican scIiodirt '■ ''/'M .1 
 small I'uge. Sound trader owned and sailed by J I" ('■ibboiis of I, a Conner, stranded on Trial Island 111 Jiniian 
 and became a total loss. The worst cal.miitv on the Coliimbi.i was tin sinking of the steamer l>iii\i .\:>i\xoitl: 
 at upper Cascades during a fog N'ovembia Jjd. < )tlui disasters to inland steaiiurs were the bnniiii ol llir 
 
 ■' dipt. I. J. W'ln.iiit \\a^ Imhm hi Ni-\\ N.uk m is^s and lla*^ tiad a \.ini'd f.iiii-i in lIuniaiMit- liusinrss 1 U . i .iisi'd I"' 
 -•ifveral imtntlis amnn^ Itu- i'.l.inds c»f the Snutli I'ai ilir. tniiliii^ ami liiintin^ liti pral l.-^. ami li i. aKu ni.iili- •.cvrral vn\ .i;:i-H its llll 
 tuirlll as U-\ I'ajie, ami alnnii the slli.rt s -.1 .\laska, llu- Alfiitian NIaiids .md llle <'»Kisl n! .Silxi i.i, Ir.inlin^ w .iliiis al d wli ilfJ*. Hi* 
 lias tuTii niasU'v of" vi-sscls on llu* I*a« iiu- Cttasl loi iiraih a lliiid ol a I'cnliny, liavhig roiniiiaml ul ilie sidiotiiu'i . 'tf/M ' /V.l/'. 
 riilillin^ lietwei'ii .SlioKlwalor II. iv, Va<|llilla and Sim I'lancisro, in llu' raih sixlirs, lie made il wia'ckiny; viiy im' In II" i''«'»' "' 
 Mcvii u and i'\|iloi<'il tlic sunken slia"islii]i . V/i- .■/ S,i>i I'laii, isii\ utmvi'iiiii; tii.if ot Ini lu'asmr. l"a]>laiii Wiiiiinl w '■ I'd"' "" 
 llu- tiist sea^oin^ su-ainer llial riitncil \'.i<tiuiia \V.\\. lie was ntastei ul ilie strain sriioonei Mi\Jnrf loi sexei.d >'eurs. ■>■ ' lor tn* 
 past lew seasons has hail eharj;e iil llie sleanier Ihimloiillr, I'ligagid in llie ouiisling Iraile. 
 
 ki.\ I NIK Cm I 
 
 ■ ■fnoM \s Cii 
 
w 
 
 m 
 
 Loss at' thf "h\\c.ilic," Nvw lninsport:ition Coni/mnies on the Willamvttt' niul C,olun)b'r.\ 
 
 I' 1 : 
 
 ^l^■alm ' 'A (.<'■'/ (,'»' ;U Coos lliiy, tlic sinkinnot llio Willamette River steamers /I/if^/Vi // '//X/»/.v in April, C(illi'<p< '\\\ 
 
 liiiu'. I iii lloiittiua in October. All of the latter vessels were afterward repaired. The Itriiish hark .l/'hv 
 
 Ci>:,f'(i Captain Nelson, arrived at .\sloria, July ,vl. lirin^inn two Japanese, whieli she had pieked up in 
 
 mid nil 111 fioni the wi.'ik nf a jtink. The craft from whicli they were rescued had 
 
 s;iilcil li''iii lliikiidale, Nnvenilier i). 1.S7S. with thirteen Japs ahoard. They were 
 
 liliHvii i"i shore ihnini; the ^;ale which nearly wrecked their jnnk, and tossed alioiit for 
 
 iiiMih -1^ months, eleven of them dyiiiK at various times between January iitli and 
 
 M.iv ill. This incident was regarded with interest hy many who had heen inclined 
 
 to 111- ski'ptioal of the stories of Oriental jniiks which had Mown to our shores in the 
 
 iMilv put of the centviry. 
 
 AiiioiiH the deaths in the marine profession in i.S;*! was t'apt. William Mitchell, 
 ,1 wi'll Utiown lliiilson's Hay Com|iany's master, who came to the Coast in i.S.V. and 
 rt,is iiM-'lir of Ihe I '(iiiioiirii; I'milvio, A'iit<ri>y, Ihia, /liinYr, and other old-time 
 iT.ifls. Captain Mitchell died in X'ictoria. January iith, aj;cd seventy-lour years. 
 i.'.i|il. 1!. .\. .'Starr, .1 rn^el Sound steamlioatman, expired suddenly July i.|th while 
 I 'I h'li/i Uom I'oit Townscnd to (Hyinpia on the steamer .!-'Hif S/rud//. L'ol. J. S. 
 Kiiokel, one ol the original Ore);on Steam Navigalion Comp.iny, died at Washington, 
 1). C Ml'' .',;d, aned fiflv 'cars. Capt. Daniel liaunhnian, a pioneei on the middle 
 rivor ami lnother of Capt. I'^ W. Ilan>;hman, was iliowned at Cathlaniet in .April. 
 C:ipl. S. 1'". Lewis, at one lime owner of the steamer (i(i'ii;(' S. Il'ii't;/// and an old time ocean eni;incci. passed 
 .iw.iy :il San l'"iancisco in Septemlicr, a>;eil lifty-four years. Capt. l''raiik Carr, of the steamer Wiikhii. fell Imiii 
 till' wli.uf at .\sloria in July, sustainiiij; injuries which soim resnlteil in his death. L'apt. Koheit I!. Randall 
 w.isilrouncd at I'matill.i Rapids, March ~\.\\. 
 
 I" A I- 1 . Wll I < \M Ml 
 
 ^ 
 
 i i! 
 
 J! 
 
 
 -M — 
 
 '^-' 
 
il! 
 
 ' s 
 
 m 
 
 Urn' 
 
 ;i . 
 
 CIIAI'IIR Xll. 
 
 TiiK Kink Sti;kn\viikki.i;ks "Widk Wi;st," 'k. K. Tmumison," "Moi ntain (jriiiiN " an'd " Annm; 
 
 l'".\XON " — STKAMHOAT Ol'l-ICKKS UN M 1 llDI.K ANI> I'l'I'Iik CoI.l'MlllA W 1 LLAMl'lTTl! RlVliK Si'I'AMKRS 
 
 " McMiNNVii.i.i; " ANM) "A. A. McCi i.i.v " — Oi'I'osiiidn to Stakk's Linu on l'i(.H'r Soind 'rm; 
 I'acii'ic CoAS'i Si'HAMsmi' Company Sti:ammiii' " Ai.hxandi k Dincan" 1''ntkks tiik Susi.aw 
 RiviCR— Coi.i'MiiiA Ri\i;k CiRain and I'rc.KT Soind I,i miihh 1m.i-:i':i' i'ok i.ss; W'kixk mi iiii: 
 
 " CoMMODUKl':," " CAMllitlDOU," " SWORDl'ISIl," "NlMlll'S" AND "Hl.Al.'K KaOI.I':" - STI- \ MMIll' 
 
 "Ori'.at Ki:riiii.ic" on '.'hh Portland Roiti; Sti:ami;rs " John Catics " and " Har\i;st nri;i:N 
 
 — jACOl! KaMM's STUAM-'K ■ I.l-RI.INIC "- I.KWIS AND LAKK Ri\|;K TKANSroRI-ATlON CoMl'ANS' -Till. 
 
 "Oi.ymi'ia" Rin'i'RN:; To I'it.kt Soi'nd and thk "Wilson (1. Hlnt " to Victoria liKixisii 
 
 Col.UMIlLV LAKK StICAMKRS " Sl'ALI.AJIACIIIvLN " AND ' I.ADN Ol- Till; LAKIC" I'll '.KI' SoINU STKA.MLKS 
 
 "Gum" and " Joski'Hink "— Oi'i'OsiTioN Pilot Schoonicr on Colimhia Har- Loss oi' tiii-; I'xmois 
 Ci.ii'i'iiR " \Vi:si"KRN SiioKi':" — I'atal Collision oi- Marks "Osmvn" and "Airioia" Whi 
 
 riiK " KiN(. I'liii.ir." " Cnv oi Dimlin," and Stuamiir " UivWicr 
 Siiicridan" Kin Koun iiv Sti:amsiiii' " Anlon." 
 
 SciloiiNLK 
 
 I'llll. 
 
 
 [X 'I'lll'l c\cs of Uif world at liirj;i-. Oregon, W'asliiiintoii aiul liritisli Ci)liiniliia luul 
 lull); been ifj;ar(kMl as localities too leiiiolc I'nr the invciilioii and application iif 
 iiiiprovcincnts not already tried in that older portion of the country deiioniiii .1' il l>v 
 the valine expression, "back I'last." That this impression was false in > very 
 liarlicular has been abundantly pro\eii by the remarkable success of N'orthwesieni 
 river men in building sternwheel steamers. When Captain Ainsworth and Jncoii 
 Kaiuni undertook steamboating on the Columbia, they were recent arrivals from 
 the Mississippi, where ,i steamer |)ropelled by a stern wheel was hardly consnlereil 
 worthy of the name steamboat. Naturally enongh, tiieir first production-, were 
 modeled, to a certain extent, after th'ise to which the\- had been accnstoiinil ; liiil, 
 being men of practical ideas, they soon <leterminLd that stirnwlieelers were liettiT 
 
 adapted to the western streams. 
 
 The result of this determination 
 
 was the building of the Jiiiiiii 
 
 C!<irk\ and each steamer which 
 
 followed was an improvement on 
 
 its ])redecessor, until, in 1H77, 
 
 the Oregon Steam Navigation 
 
 Company constructed a craft 
 
 which might api>ro|)riately ''*•• 
 
 called the perfect steriiwheiler. 
 
 as, notwitlisl.inding the lapse ol 
 
 nearly twenty years, no better 
 
 production has since appeared. 
 
 The Wid,- li'isl. as this palatial 
 
 steamer was christened, w.is 
 
 laniiclu(l in Portland. August 
 isth. and made her trial trip 
 
 October 17th. She was two 
 
 hundred and eighteen feet long, 
 
 thirty-nine feel six inches beam, 
 
 and eight feet hold, with engines twent\' eight by ninety m,< 
 
 inciu-s, net tonnage ijj 
 
 At the tint' of 1m 
 
 the entire inland ein|)ire was enjoying a period of womlei ful develoi>meiit, .uid thousands oI lolls ol wlu 
 
 Ivciit 
 Mxcd 
 
Oiyanizntion of Pncific (^onsi S. S. Co., Fierce Com/xjtition on Ocvan Routvs 
 
 249 
 
 *P 
 
 the sti iin.'rs to tliuir iitiiiosl capacity on the (lowiislrcani trips, wliilc tlic up carj;<)cs ot incrcliandisc, ImiUling 
 matcrijl, farm machinery, etc., fairly k'h"<-'' t'"^ warehonses Ijcforc transportation conUl lie pro\i(le<l. Thi.s 
 was llu' condition of affairs wlien the ll'/t/f West went into connnission, and, wilhont waitinj,' to complete her 
 funiisliiiiK'^ "ii<l caliins, she was ushered into service as a freight steamer, making; a roiin<l trip eacli da> between 
 the C;i oades and Portland, loaded to the ^H'Tds. The foUowinj; sprint; ^''<-' W'''* completely lilted out, and 
 receivnl, anions other improvements, the dates' liydranlic steering K<--ar, which was >;ivcii its first trial on this 
 sleaniLi. The W'ts/ continned on the Cascade ronte for several years, with occasional trips to Astoria, and in 
 iSSo iiiac'e the run from Portland to Astoria in five hours, a record that remained unbroken for several years. 
 JdIui W olf was in command of the steamer nearly all of the time on the Cascade route, with John Marshall as 
 ciiHiiHcT. She ran lor several days in i.S.So with one cyliutler, niakinj; very j^ood time, before dama>;es could be 
 ripaireil, and in the interim the head was blown off the remaining cylinder, leaving her hel])less. Her power 
 iiiid spied can be understood when it is stated that she towe<l the hull of the Oiiiitiiln hister than it had ever been 
 .-ilile to .t;o while eipiipped with power. In i.S.S;, the steamer was makin.i.; .1 round trip each day to Astoria in 
 loinniand of Captain l{abbi<lKe. She was also on the same run iin<ler Capt. Clark W. Sprague. Her last service 
 was to the Cascades in cl ir^c 
 (if Capt. A. M. Pillsbury, and 
 ill 1SS7 she went to the bone- 
 yanl. wliere her house and 
 iiiDsl of her finings were trans- 
 Iriivd lo the new sidewhei-ler 
 /: /. i\'lh->. The hull was 
 '!un solil to the I'nj;et Sound 
 Sleaiii Lighter vS: Transporta- 
 tion Company, who ecpiipped 
 it witli a small engine, and, 
 ill tile command of an iuex- 
 
 .rieiice<l navi}i;ator, the craft 
 -.larlrd I'or Puget .Sound, 
 wrnkiiin on Destruction 
 Ulaiid I. see wreck of Whir 
 West. iSSij). 
 
 The loss of the splendid 
 new steamer Jhihv Ahisuorl/i 
 was seriously felt at this time, 
 mil, as speedily as possible, 
 wdik was pushed on her siu - 
 
 ussnr, the MoiihIiiiii Oiutii, which was l.aunched at The Dalles, Martdi i,s, 1S77. Hy a siiij^nlar coincidence, the 
 hull of the wrecked /hiisv .liif::.o)lli, which had been hanr,iiit; to the rock where Martin .Spelling had left her a 
 lew months before, lloateil off and went over the Cascades the same day that the iUifni entered the water. The 
 latter steamer was one luniilred ,ind sevenl> sis feet long, thivly-two feet beam. se\en feet six inches hold, engines 
 from llie Ihiiay Aimworlh tweiitv bv eiglit\ loi.r inches. The (hurii was put in connnission on the middle river, 
 111 charge of Capt. John .McNnlt> and luigiiieer Carroll, remaining there until i.S.Sj. Capt. b'led Wilson ;ind 
 Capt. James \V. Trou]) also had charge of her at difieienl times, the latter taking her over the Cascades, July 
 h, iSSj. The rini was made in eleven miiiules, raring with a train from the upiier to the lower landing, and 
 lieatiiig it by over a miniile. ( )u tlie lower ri\er the Moitnlnin (Jiui-n ran on the Astoria ami Cascade route until 
 
 tttSi), and Captains Clark W. Sprague. James Wilson, .Saiiriel Colson.' Henry Kin<lie<l. John C. Cioie, .and 
 "tiler well known niasleis were in cliargi'. She was nbuilt in iS.Sij as a --idewheeler ami called the Sclioiiii . 
 alter winch she was sent lo Puget Sound (see steamer Sc/ioi/iri. 
 
 To complete the splendid improvements in their service over the entire line, the ((regmi Steam Navigation 
 Coin|i,iiiy laiiiiched the slei luvheelcr .ht/i/r /'iixt'ii at Celilo. .May ,•,!. 1S77. 'IMie steamer was mie hniulred and 
 
 I apt. SiMllllu-l L'dlsiin. Itfller klldWll Mlllnll^ his whir elri-le ill liiemls as " Hig Sam," loinnii-lu-eii llis lll.alilie ealli-l it) tin* 
 ilwp n.iicr service, anil alter lillowiiig llie sea in iiiaiiv jiarls iif the wcirld arriveil mi the C'oliiinlii.i in the early seventies, lie 
 workr^l as deckhand (nr a slum time and was tlieii .ippniiitnl iii;ite nii the (Ire^en l<aiK\a\' vv .Navigation C'nnipany's sli-arners, anil 
 liir iniiiy years seivi"! as mate ,inil piliil with Capl.Cliok \V. .Sprayne im tlie A'. A', 'riiiiiii^ .mi ami Whir /rrx/, esLiKlishin;; a 
 rc'piit.iiiiMi .IS .1 skilllnl navigator in loi; ami darkness. Wlieii the iin-^oii Uailway .V .Navigation Cumpatn iiiant^nT.ili-«l a iii^ht 
 spfvici- on the .Vslinia lonte, I'apt.nn e'olson was ^i\i-ii eomniami ol" tin- ilnimp^oii, ;nnl made ;i remarkalile record tor ihe 
 cltu'k like re^iiiaiit\ with whuh he lironght Ills ste.imei Ihion^h, le^aidliss ol log, storm 01 ilarkncss. He w.is reieiitiv .appointed a 
 hraiuii {lilni on the (.'ohimlii.i .iii.l WiM.imelte. and in iSij.) letiteil llom the ardllons work ol riiniuiiK a ninht lioal to .aeiept an e.isier 
 p<)»iti.,ii on the steamer (), l;l,ili,liil,i. 
 
 Capt, Henry Kindred is one ol ( )ie;;on's ii.it na- sons, his lather heinj.; Ihe piomaa, y'.iptaiii Kindled, who was opeiatiiig a 
 liiiliM" line hctween .\stiiria and <)rencni City in the forties. 'Ihe young man roinmein' .1 his ii-ariiie laieei on stnall ste.inuis at 
 llieiih nth III the I'ohiiidiiti, t I'.riiig the siTviee ol the Oregon Steam Navigation Company ahonl twenty yi-aisago. tollowing their 
 forlii: . and those ol tlieir sin < 'ssois until iXyj- "' was lor many years in comniaml ol ilieir lioals hetween I'ortlaiid anil Astoria 
 oil till I iie^oii side ol the Cohimliia. .iiid was altrrwanl enj;i.(;i(l as in.isUi .mil pilot i.n the night limits. lie left the eotiipany a short 
 tiiiif : t) to take eoniiininil ot the tug Aewise t iiuj^/ift, used as a ieniier to the eity hedge. 
 
 A.-' 
 
 ; M 
 
If 
 
 V ; 
 
 !i I 
 
 
 250 
 
 / t'win df Drydun'it Mur'ini: Hifttory of tlio Pnciflc Norihwaitt 
 
 sixty-five fuL't liiiiK. Iliirty-seveii fcL't lieain, five- k-vl six inclus hold, willi (.•nuiiies lioiii the i'lii/iini si-vciildii liy 
 scvfiily-lwo inclu's. Ciipl. Iv W. liiitinlinian was iti coiiiiiiaiKl in 1H7M and had willi him I'l. W. Sijcikxt 
 and VV. I'. (Iray, |)ih)ls, John Till, male, I'lliT Do llnll, cliii'T engineer, Iv (). AnikrsdU, sccoiiil ciiiiiMcr, 
 W. T. SlL'vons, piiistT. Till' /undii was sid)s((niiiitly in chaij^c ol Captains I'iiinston, I-'riii Wilscjii ;imi1 
 
 J. W. Troup until 1HS7, whi^n she was rcluiilt, and from that tiiiu inuil 
 
 , AuHiisl, iHi)3, shf was liandlfd hy Captain lianKlmian and Ins son 
 
 Marry. VV'liik' in cliarKt' ol tlie lattir, .\nj?ust r.j, iSij.^, she ixplodiil 
 
 lur l>()ili-r, killing t•i^;llt pi-oplc (see wreck of Aiiiiii- /'tiMnn. Her 
 
 <ii^;ines were allerwaid removed Irom the wreck and plaeec 
 steamer /.ivislnii, completed in iH(;,|, 
 
 ni tl 
 
 K- new 
 
 Master linililer Holland ol the Oregon Steam Navij^alion Com- 
 
 lany hroke the record for steamI)oat hnildinn in the conslrnclion d 
 
 the 
 
 S/u 
 
 Innidri 
 
 d ,-1 
 ini'hi'S ho 
 
 ompletinn her in thirty-two days ami six hours. She is mii- 
 ml lilty leet lonj^, thirty-two leet lieam, .ind lour I'eel ci^lii 
 d, with engines from the Coloiiil H'>ii;/il fourteen hv forty- 
 
 eight inches, and was launched ;it Celilo in Novemlier, 1.S77 C:ipt 
 J. VV. 'i'ronp was in conimand during the first year, and V,. W . Spi-iucr 
 
 ■haigc of h 
 
 ■r in 1.S7.H. Capt. Cieorge Oore w.'is with 
 
 ]■ 
 
 (M'l. I'l 111' H 
 
 with engines foiirli 
 
 ind i.s.S(, Using her to carry stone for the railroad bridge at .Ainsworlli. 
 ihe next len >ears she was conuuanded by C;i))t. John Sinni|i miiiI 
 Captains Iv W. and Harry llauglim;in, the latter h.iving ch.irge ol lici 
 in i.Si;|. She was relmilt in i.H.S.S and is apparently good lor scvenil 
 years of service. 'I'lie inevitable opposition rju the n|>pir river cmppccl 
 out ;igain in 1H77. Ihe new factor being the A'c/V/zrivv/, one himclnil 
 .111(1 twenty lour feet long, twenty four feet beam, four leet six iiidus 
 
 by lorly eight im lies, built at Columbus by the Small Ilrolhers. Capt. ']". J. Sliniip 
 left the Diegon Steam Navigation Company to take command, and ojierated her until the latter Jiart of r.S7.S, when 
 she w 
 
 eiil the way of all competilo 
 
 (1 Irom tliiit time sailed under the Oregon Steam Navigation Coiiip; 
 
 Hag, Stump retaining his position. In 1.HS3 h',. V . Coe was in charge, 
 
 and l'"re<l Wilson was her last captai 
 
 As th 
 
 le ollicers on 
 
 llu 
 
 iildh 
 
 river and upper river steamers weie changed from one bo.it to another 
 so oltiii, it is dilli( ult to secure a correct list of those serving on ejicli 
 
 steamer. The f<dIowiug contains the names of tlw 
 
 Host prominently 
 
 connected with Ihe operaliou of the Heel on those waters from 1S71 lo 
 is.sj: Masters Thomas J. .Stump, John I'. Stiinip, (itorge (lore, 
 J. W. Troiip, !■;. \V. Ilaughman, !■,. W. Spencer, W. I'. Oray l)e Will 
 \'an I'lll, I'.. I'". tNie, C.eiirgi- 1'". Sampson, .Silas Smith, .|ohii .McNiilU , 
 h'red Wilson, .\I i'iiigston ; eiigiiuers WilliMiii llman, D.ivid Panluu, 
 I'erry Smtt, I'etei 1 K- \\\\\\\ Ch.irles Jennings, I'eti 1 
 
 H, Clin 
 
 Tl 
 
 .Smith, Henry Smith,' l'"rederii k Ciates, A Mnnger, John Amh rsoti, 
 Charles Delim, .\. II I'orstiKr,' I.oiiis Herl, llonald Ilrcpihart. I.ullur 
 Cole. C. < ), .Anderson, Samuel h. I'.ill, Willi.ini .N'ewsoiii. John I'ipphr, 
 
 
 ■'Capt. I'rle-r II. I'thii WHS tmni iti ri.iiMi 1! HliiKs, lovvii, in i.s,,. .mil i .iiiiu 
 tl) llu* I'anlir C'li.-ist ill iSfii^, tii-i'lllllillj; Ills iiLtmir lati-ri III! tile Ijlllf ..lilcwllcrli-r 
 I'ltnict't on \'ai|iiiii:i Ilii>. .SiiH f ilicii lie has IiiIIo\m'iI Ins r.illing ;ill nvi-r the 
 I'arilir Const, (tiilli Val|)al-aiM) ti> the Ari'lir < )eean. U'hilc oil a sc;ilin^ cxpeilitjon 
 with the straniiT h'litr iliiil . himi , In- w;ih ;iilriit in llciin^ Sea Im ..rvci.ij i(,'i\sallil 
 caiiir near Insin^i his lifi-. ami aflei waul he was aslimr mi the ^^uislaw Iiai Imir days 
 anil inv'.tils mi .'t ei.asi iiig slr.-iinn. I li- w as Ihe last tn.ister ol I In- not m ions si ca tiler 
 
 /K//;;//»;,' /.'/.', Ila\lll^^ lleell ill iliargc wlnll she laillled.il laiiiitoll in iSi^^. Sinr*. s.wnii !■ f.iii. 
 
 thai time he has hern niiiniiig on ihe sleniii srhooner .lin'in/ii ami other i-oasl is 
 
 ' Henry Sinilh, c•ll^;illl• r, was lioni at < iri-^^oii I'll \ in iSv). ami i oninicnccil sli-anilioaiiiiK on Ihe hlir I'oliinilaa •■! 
 
 A'. A', '/'/iiiiil/isiiii in iX-;S. III. 1,111 (or si-m'i.iI yi-.iis on llu- eoliiinlaa Kivi-i .iiiil l'ii;,'el Soiiml, ami h.is niiiillv liii'll ■oiimili'l 
 llli- sleainer l\<i lliiiiil, loiimils Ihe /Invlliiil /i'/'/'»W/(. .Mr SlilUli olil.iineil ^ misiili'ralili' iiolm iclv, while lirsl assislaiil •■ 
 iilYHtpian on l'ii|;it .Soiiiiil ill i.Hi>i, tlii'iiii;;h a iiiisiimlt-ist.-iinliii^ willi dipt. A .M. MiAIpinr, then in roininaml ol' ihe sU-aim-i 
 
 ' l-reilerick Ciales is a son ol llic lale pihii I'rales, ,ini| w.is lur twenty yi-ars ,1 pioaiini ill ennimiT in Hie cnnilov 1. 
 rmnpaiiy wliiih his (at her served so loii>; .iml (ailliliilly. I iiiiint; ilir nianv years in which In- h is la-. 11 eii|;ageil 011 the uvei li 
 worked as (hill iiigineer on iicarU allot Ihe hesl . learners owned liy the I ire^oii Sleiuii Navigalini Conipaiiy and II-mii'' 
 lie ret i red frmii the river ahoiit iSMij and spent live years on a rami near Cliclialis, Wash , returning lo the w.iler a^jun in 1 
 )oiil llie /.*. .S". Iii\kt't as engineer. 
 
 ".\. II. I'lir liner, eii^;iiie( r, was born in I'eiinsylvania in i.Sp, and eoinnieiieed his marine ciiiir on the < llm. and Missi 
 rivers, reiiiaiiiiiii; llicic iitilii is;,-, when he eaine lo Ihe I'.e-ilie t'oasi .iml (mind einplovineiit on the ..Iciiini r ftliin, riiniiiii^ hi-i 
 I'orllniid and Cmvalle. lie wis allerw.ird on ijie upper lolninliia on the sleann 1 Xm l/iursi, with t'.ipl. 'I'Ik mas .Siiiinp, imi. 
 passed iiilo the hands ol the Oregon .Steam .Navi^^ition (.dinpanv. He Iheii entered iheir emplov and reniained with llieni 
 eonliniionsK iiiiiil ( iilnla-r, i.SHij, [lis last work in llii.ir service hiiiiv. o" 'he t'asr.nh' hoat. Alici h-aviiin the conipaiiy he c 
 III wairk aslioie at Salt-m, where lie lias sinre reniained. 
 
 ' .Samuel I'. Ciill, ellvjimcr, was limn in I .iinlaml, 1 llli>(lallll>; lo the I 11 11 id SI. 1 1 is when a liie, . lie served his apprelll 
 .11 Wooster, .Mass., and 1 aim lo llu inhiiiiliia Kivii .ilimit iS;,!;, when he ealeied the servii c ol Ihe Dic^v'" Steam Nav 
 
 till- 
 mill 
 I llif 
 
 I Ilir 
 
 ,- leis 
 
 -•I'l'l 
 wct'll 
 
 I till' 
 
 I lost 
 
 (.■l-d 
 
 ■Oiip 
 lion 
 
(Jr<j:iiil/:ili()n of I'wulU: Const >S', .S. Cn. , rii:rGa Coiii/julition on (Jcann i\'outi!H 
 
 251 
 
 Han, CoaUs, J. Catioll, Cliailcs ]',. Oon; James Driscoll, Cliarli'S Slillwi-11, I). Malin, Joliii Cany, William 
 lldgiiii, TliDiiias llocy, II. Ilr.llinan, /ciias Miiody, I'Vi-rl I.ast, AriKiis M<l)()nal(l, William A, Cilliam, 
 A. N>i\vlimisky, «<-■"<- rally known as llrDvvn ; rnatis William JoliiDildli,' Joliii C. (lore, Charles I'aiker, John 
 'iVll, l.'iiiis Johnston. Martin SI>^■llili^;, William Simpson,'" Thomas Master, Dave Cap|>, J. Allen, William S. 
 
 Woisley," William Miller, Alexander Uoaeh, Alex C.aston, William 
 llrncM, John Johnson, William H. Whileomh. 
 
 'IMie IVople's I'roteelive 'I'raiisiiortation Company, which had 
 commenced work on the steamer /)A.I//»«;77A in i.H7ri, jml her in com 
 mission in I-'ehniary, 1X77, and in Au^nst purchased the sttamer .V. /'. 
 ( liiirdi, liiiilt hy Cai)tain Cochrane and his associates the precediM^; y<ar. 
 Her former owner had already commenced work on the ./. .7. Mil'ully, 
 which was lannched at Oregon City, July ,v>lh. 'I'he new steamer was 
 one imndreil and forty ei^ht feel lonj;, thirty feel beam, and lour feet 
 six inches hold, with geared engines twelve hv Iwenty-foMi inches. 
 Cochrane had ohar^je of the steamer until the following year, when she 
 was houuhl by Capt. J. I). .Miller, who refitted her with more ])i)werful 
 engines ami handed her over to /,. J. Hatch, pendin),' the seltlemcnt of 
 his finaniial dilTKiilly. Hatch retained the steamer, and C.ipl. Ceor^je 
 Uaalii- was master for a short time. Capt. I, l>. Sanhorn meanwhile 
 purchased an interest and comm.inde<l until i.s.H|. Cieorne Kaahe and 
 Sherman \'. Short ilien operatid the steamer for ll.itch tnitil r.SHO, when 
 she was t.iken to the Cascades to he lined over to the mitldle river. 
 While lyiiiK there awaiting a favorable slaj^e of water she w.is burned. 
 May -■-■, i.S.sri, cirrviiiH al ihe time %\t\,^>i*t insurance. liefore the I'eii 
 pie's I'roleclive 1 ransportation Company connnenced iijieralions, the 
 Willamette Transportation ik Locks Company lonstalleo a threatemil reduction by making a rate of oiu- dollar 
 per tiiM from I'ortl.aud to S.ilem and #1 . S" '" 1'"'"''' above. H. ("loldsmith ;ind Joseph 'I'eal, two of the ori^;inal 
 
 
 Ciiiii|i:ui>. iiiplcr llli- siipi rve.ii>M iil Jiiliii I'.iilis. Ili- woikcd .is ,1 nMiliini'-' Im tin- iinripMiiv wliile lliin wen- 1 niisl r iii I iiiK llii- 
 
 stciiiiHTs thiin/, Oitlifrtit itllt) Hoillhi, .-iml siihsiMHielltly r.'Ul jih secothi cnj^iiicrr on lln- H'lllaiuiitr f hiif. In August, lS-;fi, In- 
 
 Wits shilirini-il at til*' cKinpfttiy's simps at 'I'lie Diilifs ami rcinaiiMMl (ln*rc until 
 
 ISS^. fxrclit foi altoul a vcar, uhcn he was in lln- scl \-ire <il tin* I 'n'tcil St;itcs 
 
 i;ii^;inffis. U'tnlc i.n tin- np)M-i rlMr In- was willi C'.ipt. W. IV <iia\', ihuinj.; 
 
 Ilu- liiinnoik in'li.-in W'.tt, on tin- S/>'}f,-,int\ wliiili was lunntn^^ honi Srutkr Rivt-r 
 
 ilnwn In prt-v(-!M tilt- Itnliiins IVoni irossjii^^ to the Wasliin;;ton side. ( iii It-iivinv; 
 
 till- rinptoN' ril lliL- ( lii-^on Strain .NaviKatioii Conipatn', Mi . (Vill eli^a^t-d in tlii- 
 
 IIH-Icantilc linsiln s at Portland for ahont six yi-als and tlnil li-tlllin-d to Ills 
 
 ';i!lniv: Appri-i-latlllj.; tin- valin ol eli-rlriiit v as tin- (-otnillj.; nioti\'(- powrl, In- 
 
 iiiailr a spi-rialt>- o( tins In.iiirli of cii^iinri iii^. si-iAini.'. Inst as cnj^iin-rr :it tln- 
 
 .MiiltiioiM.ill Street l-:.iilw,i\' Conipaliv's ]»owi-i lloiisi-, ami K"'"M alli-rw.-ird to tin- 
 
 fumii t-.l(-»trn' Towi-i eoinp.'inv. I-'or tin- p.-ist tour years lie lias been rliief 
 
 i-iii;iiii-i-i 'if tin- I-;;ist Side Railway C'olii|i;in> 's pl.-int. 
 
 William A. (iilliaiii, rii^;iin-(-r, was liorn in ()ri-v,oii in iSss. and 1-0111- 
 im-iii-i-d his iiiariiii- si-rvii(- on the /'i/ni- . hims'inlli as dei-khaiid, ^oiii); Iroiii 
 lii-r to till* '/'rmnn on the iippi-r river, where he sirrved as liremaii for two years, 
 iiiiil was then imule first assmlanl on the .lnnir /•'iiyoh. lit- w.-is also i-n^a^t-d 
 ;is tiK'inaii on lln- . l/iili'/tl ami /-»//// (,',t/ts, and w;is lor (oiii \(-.irs rhii-t of the 
 Sf'nl;ii}h\ n-iii,nnin^ <»ii lln* iippi-i and niiddli- (■oliinil.ia fVolii IS;') t'l iSS^, ^oin^ 
 from tln-K- to St-atlle as liisl assistant with Alon/o Virkers ini tin- ll/fni)Hi\ 
 111- li-lt tin- ft't-/iiitnf soon alti-r icai-hin^ tin- Soinid, srrvt-d as c-liii-f mi ttie Ithihti 
 fiT .-it.otit i-i^lit iiiontlis, and then joiin-d the steamship I'tnattllii, hut. after 
 luakni^' one trip, wnit tc» tin- -,te;iin -.rlioinn-i W'rst ( 'it<i\/ .-ts rliii-f i-n^;iin-er lor a 
 veiir. Mnc-c tln-il In- has ht-i-n i-ii^a^;ed on the sti-aim-rs r in;i/<*/i/»//\. H'htltin:,\ 
 Sti:-l S/>trtli; and Sniilh t'<tti\f, H-niaillill>; with the fitter vi-ssi-1. t-\iept at ilitel ^ 
 
 v:iU. foi iK-arl\- six years, .-ind is at present a part owner ill the steamer. 
 
 'William [olinston ln-^;aii his iii.-iniie lifi- when a hoy, sailiiif^ out ol 
 Ivli^^lisli and .\llsti.illan polls in thederp w.-iti-r tiaili- for several \eat'. Hi- was 
 ;ifti-iu. ud I rnilii ( tid witli the « i-lrlitati-d rlippi-l i'i>t//ft; .liiininl, lla\in^^ hr(-ll 
 am- ol lln- i-ri-w wln-ii sin- made a n-roid la-t wrni .\i-w\'oik and San l-i.-ini-isi-o 
 that has m-vi-r hi-rii heateii. .Mter Mr. lohnslon's arriv al in lln- Northwest lie 
 servcil on the middle -ind upper rivt-r iiiitii i-SS^, w-lien In- ranie ovt-r Ihe I'ast-atlt-s 
 :is mate on tilt- A'. A'. Thotufwon . Il>- aliMiidoiied stt*afMlioiititi^ stani altt-ru.'ird, 
 t-nlM. 'I lln- t-mplo\- ol Itrown .\ Mil jiht-. stt-\t-tlores. ami lor lln- past tt-n \i-.-iis 
 li.i-. '"rii iii.-iiia>^(-r of tllt-ir hramli olfn-e at Astinni. 
 
 "dipt. William Siinp'ioii has heen t-ii^a^f-il in steamhoaliiiv; '-Ji the 1 ■*•"' sni--i'M,tN v sma. 1 
 
 Ciilinnhia River for ovt-r Iwt-ntv sears, lieKiiiniiiK with Ilu- 1 111-^011 Sli-aii N.-tvi 
 IjatiMii rtin:pan\- on the iippi-r '.tiliimlna in tin- t-arl\ seventii-s. Me st-ivid .-is illate, pilot and niastt-i tni st-\i-ral 01 vht-ii np rivt-i 
 
 -,li .,111- IS, and was fm a hmv; tllllt- pdot with t'apl. I. i;i- Iron- on tin- -.li-.-iim-i >>•■/-,(«,, i-n|4.-i^;fd in tiallspiirllll); mm L loi tln- 
 
 raih.irl IniclKi- at ,\iiis»oi 111. Wln-n (.'.iptaill Con- was >;ivt-ii i-oilllllainl of flu- Noriin-rn I'wifit- tralisti-i final l\l','iii,i. In- al olitf 
 st-rini il ('aptitin .SimpMin .ts pilot, a position w-hit-Ii In- has helil I'oiitiniioiislv dMriiif* Mie past hen yt-ars. 
 
 " William S Worslcv of Astoria, f*r was horn in Miiladi-Iphia in iSm. Ih- hennii iti-ainhMnliiin in tin- .\ortii«i-st on tin 
 ^tt-.^lM r ,S»ii;i' in iHdS, ami M'lii.iim-d with 'lo 1 lifnon Sit- nil Naviv;alioli I" •••liifMi-x iinl tlleir -.in-i ■ --.rns iin'il iSS |, «riikinj; in--i^t <d 
 
 lln- I > as matt- on tln-ii sIt-.-itm-r- on tin- Idit- nvt-i t m h-.-ivini; iIk ontH*" 'f tin- Ore^;oll R nlwin .\ Navii'-ilnm (.'lanp.iiiy. 
 
 Ill- u, lit ft) \sloiia all'l t-iniinii'lltt-t iiiiinin^ .is fiiLOm-i-i <tn tin- I illutn sirhMr^iwrnth tK-enptefl ttn- s.-iim- jaisifitni on tin- l\t,tit lot 
 llin- tars, ami then renio.'d lit 1 mai-hiin-rs ami .iitxmMt-nilril phiitint il i* nW .IA(H>l>»."iv-» ftt iSi,i In hiiill lln- ('«.,;; ami has 
 lirt'ii - itli liiM- as eli^iiiver sllne her t oiiipU-tioii. 
 
 V/ 
 
■■■ i 
 
 f 
 i 
 
 Hi n 
 
 II 
 
 353 
 
 Lowin (f Drydona Marino History of tha Pacific Nort/iwust 
 
 orHani/.iTs of the VVillaiiifUe Triiiispnrlatioii it l.ocks Comi)rmy, Vftirc'd in April, (iispi>sinn i>t llu'ir iiitiic^ts to 
 
 Messrs. CiirlK-lt iSl I'■ailill^;, 'I'lii' I'.lvinn, a small prdpilkr (lesijiiiiil uxcliisivily lur IreiHlit anil lowiiij^;. was 
 
 latinchcd at 'Pile Dalles in 1H77 l)y Tlioinpson iV OoddiKiUKl'. She was iiineytwii feet lnnn, twenty feet lieaiii, 
 
 live feet held, with an eight by twelve ineli engine. She was jobliing on the middle river uijtil i.sh.>, ulun 
 
 Capt. Donald McKenzie brought lier over llie Cascades. 
 
 With the exception of the steamers already nuntioned the steamer ll'om/i), bnilt for VV'eidler's Mill ua^ 
 
 the most important addition to the tleet on the Willamette. The \i't>ti(/rr was a well bnilt slernwheeli 1 anil 
 
 performed excellent service for over ten years, when she was succeeded by the 
 
 No \l\'iu/i-r. Capt. I. Smith was her (irst master, and was followed by W. I'. 
 
 Whitcoinb, James Whitcomb, I'Vaiik II. 'rurner and Kane OIney,' Ca|>taiii 
 
 Turner remaining with her many years, with W. II. Marshall as engineer. The 
 
 Astoria steamer lleet was increased by the /\'if> I'ci/i II iiiL-li\ h.dilh, (>iiiiL-slif>, .Sam, 
 
 A'cisi'//(i and JIkilii-. The first of these was bnilt at Astoria tor the various routes 
 
 on the bay, and was comm.inded during her career by Captains W. II. Whiliondi," 
 
 A. T. Davis, Al Harris and John Ilarlow. She was sixty two feel long, sixteen 
 
 feel beam, and six feet hold. Captain Harlow sold the steamer to Jensen iS: Smith 
 
 of Seattle in iSHi, and she was taken around the same year, commencing to run 
 
 to Hood's Can.d in h'ebrnary, rSSj. Jensen \ Smith operated her for a short time 
 
 and lluii sold her. She was in serviie on ncarl) all tlie routes out of Seattle and 
 
 was owned at different times by (leorge I,. Iloriii r nf Tacoma, John English and 
 
 D. N. Holden of Seattle. Her last master on I'ngct Sound was Capt. Harry 
 
 Gillespie, who remained with her until she burned at Kingston, October iH, i,Si)2. 
 
 The propeller /;'(///// was built at Portland in 1.S77 lor J. (1. Megler iS: Co. Ivugene 
 
 Brock, her first captain, was succeeded by Capt. Archie I,. I'ease," who remained in charge until i.s.Si. (.'ai.l. 
 
 Thomas Crang was master for the next five years, and I'Veil Sherman, W. V. Whilcinnl , Albert Heard, Josipli 
 
 Church and W. H. Ilobson'' have since been in charge, Michiicl O'N'iel, Thomas Rogers and .Albert Ross wen- 
 
 among the engineers. The lulilh was seventyeighl Icct long, seventeen feel six iTiches beam. :inil nine feet liolil. 
 
 The Sitiii was a diminutive propeller, with a six by six engine, Imill 
 at I'orlland for Capt. A. C. b'isher, who r.in her between .Astoria and .Skip- 
 anon. John Douglass w.is one of her lirst engineers, .mil W. I'. Iliilon" 
 
 ''Cfipl. Kiint- I >liu.y li.'ts lii-eti (.'inployt.fl in stcitiilioatiii}; on tlu* ColuinltKi and 
 
 WillaiMfttf ti\LTS ainl I'M^cl .Sonnil fur .-i!)iint twi'iily years. He is a l>iotlu-r nl llu- liiii- 
 
 ^^MHH|^^ ('.'i])I. Ilinini <)lnr\ ol ScaUle, .'Uiil ^^a^ intertsli-il uiili linn in .1 nunilx-r i>l llic S<.ini>l 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^ slealniT-,. Iln lilt- (.■|ilunil)la Klvfi In- was lor st-M-ia] yf-ar', in llu- rnipln\- ot tin- Culnni 
 
 ^^H Itia 'I'Tatispottaiion I'unipan) as niiti- an'l master nn tlie /7(v7."C'''v/ ;in<t tihl'hour. tit- 
 
 ^^K j^^ ^ also i-oinnnin'leil tlu* sleain|.rs /. ()nl:m\- \\w\ WnuiitfUn sk-\^'X:\\ nnnillls. Altt-i Irav- 
 
 I^^K -^p ™ in^ ille iowlmat serviff tie w.as t*li|jaj.;i'it tor a sliorl liim- on tlic Kalaina ferry, and U.ft 
 
 .'LI^ tlu-ri. to tal<t. rtiai>;i. ol ttit- Covernniciit siiji^t»oat ( i>ntilfi\ lie snl)S(i|iicntty « iilt-ri.ti 
 
 till' |.inpIo\ of tile I llc^on Kaitw.'iy \ Na\i^alioii Coill|ian<. as I'.iptain ot till- slc.uiicr 
 h'tnmtl /ltn;riiiit and 'itlii-r tov\i»oals, and i>li ti-avin^ tliric woiltt-il on tin- st« .tracr 
 /,/*;/;«r as pilot wittl (."apt James '1'. C.raN'. 
 
 V H)'i VS'itliain II. Wlnteoinli u.is l.orn in Miluaiil<ii'. Hi . |iit\ I'l. \H^\ . ami 
 Willi 1)!^ >i»nrfli!lfv «M.nt to Slioalwalir lla>' a tiw yi als l.-itcr. Ills lirst III a ri no ixpn li-lli c 
 was on plliwiK't"is .Hid si. ops siiitin^i in tin- lia\, ami altonl t\\enl\ li\i- \i-ars Ji>"t In- 
 .inivcii il .\sloria tiinl ,>.innienri*(I stt.amt)'>.iiiiiy^ on small si(.ami-is rniiiiin>J out ot ilial 
 i-it\ He went Iroiii tliiri. to tile middle and upper Colnmliia, wliele lie si-rvrd as iiiati* 
 on till- ( Irenoii k.iiKv.iy .V Navii;;iMon C'ompanv's steamers, allerHanl servinj.' witli I'ap 
 ';illi Si-nll on I lie J'/i'i /u-ot}i/, wlliTi in- alleniiili-d as jillot and niastir until t'u- I'oiniililioll 
 ..I tlu- /r/t'/>/ii>tlt'. I le was on llils sli-.inuT in llie same eaiiari lies lioin her liist tup iiiilil 
 slit- was destloyt'd li\ fire, making an i.|ivialdc irconl l)\ his -ikill III liandlill^ slr;ilin-rs 
 wllili- so eil^iaged .M'tl-r tile /(■//•/>///»//(' Inirned lie ri-tilcd liolll the walel fin .1 li-w 
 lllonttls. When the rillled Slates strainer Cum ilf/t"i \\n > placeil ill eoiliniisslon in rial 
 lleetioil with till 1 •overllllient work at I'TI Stl-velis, Whltconili wasj;i\ell i olnill.illd 
 Willi the i-Mi'ptloli of a few iiioiil lis, dining whirh tin. sti-anicr wa-, laid up ami In- pi' 
 Oh tllr / lit/lflt', lie lias ti iiiaiif(.d ill lilal^e. W'llilt- so rlli^alji.il li(. has llamil' .1 
 larKi'sl tows ever iiio\cil on the L'oliiinl.i 1 Ui\ri, lianspoitin^ in a single week si\ ilM.n 
 sand tons of roek from I'islicr'-- I oidlM- to .\stoiia, a distam-e of lirarh' oiii- liun lod 
 and iwiiilv miles. Captain Wliili oiiih is n-^jardeit as oiu- of tlie la-st Ion pilotsc.n llu- 
 ^'•dtiiiiliiii '*liil lias never Iri.l a seiiiais aerideiit with a sli-aiiier ill his charge. 
 "Capt. .'\relm K. I'ease was 1 -Ml al nri-^on Viiy and ini^til ap|iropriately In called .1 nalive-liorii sleainl.oalmaii, liis I illit-r, 
 Cajil. Oorye A. I'l-*^ , the pioneer U .laiuette iiMvi^ator. having taiij'ht tlie yoiiiij^ m.-iii the lirst prim iph-s of the liiisiiiesH at .1 i-ry 
 earlv IH^ Captain \it hie eoniiiiene^-J al llie tool of the l.-i.Mvr, anil, Wttivi v\orkiiij^ on derk for a little while, look eoiiiin.in.l nt 
 siiLill *U-'imeis .,1 \^tolla. Me afti-iwaiil r.m .ts mate on the ( Irt'^on kar*»\ \' C.i\'inatioii C'onipany's steaineis for a hrn 1 pninil 
 and then 'oiik . h.^ii-r of then lowho.its lit iK-^all iiiiiliili^ passcnj^er st- iim-is .dioilt ten wars a^o, and sinee Hit n has hainllfd llie 
 best lio.ils ..i ihv l>ri');oii l<iiltwt\ ,\ N'avi)>alit>ll I'omp.iiu's lleit. lie w is Im a loii^; linit- maslir ol thr '/ . /. I'l'llii , ami U-lt litra 
 few years i*»;tt lo t«ke his pii'seni ^•.tvtiiuti as Inaneli jiilol on the W"llaiin.-lii- and Cotuinliia livers. 
 
 "( .i|il. W II (liilison WHS Willi in .\iistr.ilia in i.S.tiS aint is a son of Capt Kit lianl llolison, a pimiei-r pilot on Ihe I'olninhia, 
 His I'li'st marine wink u.is on tin UieKon Railwav .V N'avinalioii I'oinpam 's \sloii.i sit niiu.is. In issj he was master of tlif t"K 
 K 'I I lit It for .1 vear. and llit-u ttttik the sti-amei thn, /,-\/t/> to l'n^;tt Soiiml. Ttin.iiiiiii^ llu n until ISS;, when In- went to I'olt Itf .1 ily 
 Willi the ste.iiner .Vii/llx" ■ nut ran Ilel lor two vears. Ili was nexl engaged on llie \, 11,1/1 M. h'ltlloil lol 1 similar pilioit, it 
 liei to K.I I'l pilot on th. Stale »/ II iisliiin;tiiii. lie a. is alterwail on the West Si-.ittle lirry for a yiar, ami ritiiriuil 1 
 Cnliimliin ill ifi^^ lo 1 iiMiinaiid the steamer /ulitli. 
 
 '"<."«»|4. W. I*. I fit Ion, liorii in New S'oik in i^ v», la-^;aii st(..inil(oatiiij; a -Asti . u- 111 1S77 lit- was owner of the Sit in an 
 luivohit- , .ttiil had enarj^e of s(.\eral other small sle.inurs out of Astoria. He w.is 111 < .iiiimaml ol the steamer Ui'i iitinii win 
 Irtiriirtl nl Willow liar in iS.Sg. lie has re>entl) l.ieii riinniiiK on steamers oiil of I'orlhiml. 
 
 an.l 
 
 ihc 
 
 Wll.l.UM M. XfAHi*ilAl.l. 
 
 lilK 
 the 
 
 llu- 
 
 ,lif 
 
w 
 
 ()r(j',uii/:)ti(>n of PncHlc Const S. S. Co., Fit^rci: Com/iutition on Ocuan Routi's 
 
 aS3 
 
 afkn^.ird owiifd ;itul opiTiit I the sleailicr. Slic was in scrviii' on the liay for alionl tin years. Tlic- slfamtT 
 /Ini was Imilt at Kna|>i>toM in 1M77 Cor R. J. Caplcs, and she is slill cMiKaKc-il in towing on the river. Thu 
 (lovriinneiil siia^hoat (oiidllis was coniijh'leil at Portland in May for servic e on the Willamette Kiver, and Capt. 
 (Id, I)''- (lore was ni\en ecniiniand of the steamer, wdiieh has remained in aetive service since, anil is at present in 
 i'liin>' of Capt. Her! Hatch. She is one hinidred feet lon^, twenty three feet heain, three feet six inches hold. 
 The learner (V'/r,J, a small propeller, was huilt on the Coqnille kiver in i«77 by Capt. I'.dwanl Ueeil. She was 
 oriniiially fitted with a fonr hy si.\ entwine, which was replaced in iHHd hy 
 one (ikI'I ''y L-in'it. Captains Ivdward Keed and (). Reed commanded lier nntil 
 l.S.Sd, when Levi Snyder look her for a short time. He was snccieded by John 
 n. Na^er, ("ieor^;e I.eiieve, II. \V. Diniham,' Koliert J. Dunham,' anil N. J. 
 Cornwall. "' C. Iv Lockwood," Joseph Iv h'o.x, ' and many other well known 
 cii),MTiiers, have handled her machinery. 
 
 The profds of steandioaliiin on Pn^et .Sonnd and I'raser Kiver weie 
 iiiiiteiially lessened liy fierce competition in 1S77. On the iMaser Commodore 
 IrviiiK was operating the steamers /uliiiiKf and A'uvii/ ('il\\ William Moore was 
 niiiMing the (itihiiilr, and both parties cut rates until the business was unprolil- 
 iihle. !)n the .Sound the steamer Mis.\c>ii;i r was makiiin it interesting for Starr's 
 line, with a twenty five cent fare fiom ()l\inpia and T'aionia to Seattle, uilh a 
 free hiiich thrown in. l.atei in the year a compromise was effected by which 
 Starr received a sub-^id^ ol 5,s"" a uiontll In withdiaw the l>l/>i from the upper 
 
 Sound route, Ki\'i"K t''*^' owners of the 
 
 /.if>/nr:\\\i\ A/iwuiii;! r iwW sway except 
 
 on that portion of the Sound where 
 
 Captain Ihillain had the mail contract. 
 
 ... c,\rl . Aiu iiif. I. I'i..\si. 
 
 liritlanrs hue MKiuded the steamers 
 
 '/'lasiT, lh\fHilih and lUiinl, on which he carried the mail to Snoho- 
 mish, Skanil, I, a Conner, Whidby Island, l''idalno, liellinKham liay, 
 .Seuiiahmoo, San Juaii O-.c;-. aiid I.ope/. islands. Capt. John Suffern 
 built a little <)|)en hnli steamer ,it lielltown, near .Se.itlle, callinj; her the 
 /«/iii A'liliKii. She was less Ih, Ml forty feel in leunlli, and had a steam 
 fire euj;ine boiler. T"he steamer A'fl/ir w.is brouuhl from San iManciseo 
 on the deck of th' 1 :nf' Mnillut Ridioiil and ran as a ferry between 
 .Seiitlle and h'reeport. T ii'- team titj; /h»i(i/<l. an old timer on the lower 
 coast, arrived on l'uj;el Sound in r.S77, where J. H l.iliby was her 
 first master, with J. I'uln.im, engineer. The tu^ /V/.i/, bnilt in Portland 
 in 1X70, w. IS sent to \'ieton,i, Ca])taiu Ilolines taking; commaud. The 
 pioneers doliuli and lliuivi r were both exlensi\el\- repaired in i><77, the 
 
 C Ai'i . Kani. 01. m\ 
 Miniti-\iiu.' IVoiii N'anuin.-i 
 
 i.,.l 
 
 "Ca|il. n. W. DunliMiii, Im.mi n l'riiiis\ lv;tni:i in i-S.ls. '"^I mim 
 I'lij^iiUTi (jh fnos Hay in |S7S on llu- J/i/Ac, Mnfi- Ili.tt tinn- \\v Inis lu-i 
 I'sli-tl in sfvrral ol tlit* I»i-sl known stranifth on 
 Coos hay ami the C'(H|nillr ami lias ii\\nc() tin- 
 .1/I//A-, Aiitflopi-, <'<«'s itn<l otluis. Ill- liinn^jjit 
 Cons |ta\ ami tan lu-i lot maily a \rai. In iSSj he look tin- 
 Kivii. oiK-ratiiij; \\vr llu-ir im a \i-ar, an<l snhs((|iifiitl\ lnou|^lit ilit* 
 
 -.1 as an 
 n inlfi- 
 
 1" 
 
 iiutioatiii^ on Cods Hay 
 sli init-i f ti Hi /It/ ll't l_i^hi. 
 
 Ih 
 
 .lUMIIlcr (.<>i'S l<t lllU Loijllllli; i\i\i'i, iiiK'iitiiii^ II VI iiniv" t\n .\ >\.»i, i)ii<i ^iiin» <|iit~iiiit wiwn^m im- 
 
 .Uittf*if*f from llu- Coijiiillf to Coos Hay. In iSSH lu- look Uh- . \nuii- In Coijiiilli- ami in i.S(>i sold 
 llic (I'lis to partifs on llu- .siiislaw, iU'li\t'tiny; lln sU-aint-r to ihi'in alu-t ['ilolin^,; ht-r ovt-r the 
 Siiisl i\v bar at niiilni(.',ht 
 
 '■•Capt. Kol.rrt [. Itinihain was lioin in Iowa in iSfm, ;mi'1 lit-;;:in 
 on Ilir lii^ f:\<in( \t>. /in 1H7S. Ili* was nc\t srroml t iij^im i r on lli _^ . _ 
 
 Ifaviiijj. lu-i loi I III- Myitlr ami llir Coo\. lit- owiicil a hall inlet tsl in llu- laltfi vi-ssrl. ol wliicli 
 lu- tn.ik rhar^r. lie was .-(tiiTwanl assoiiatcd uilh his um-l«- in tin- .fnnir, ('rti\ an«l . Iu/i-/<i/>f\ 
 ih- piiuliasril an inlrirsl in llu* /h \f^iili h i*u tin- l tM|nillf, opcLitnl her Utv two yt-ais. ami llu-n 
 servc'l on roa'^lin^ sli'anishijis. on the Uttuiet , /A////*^- ^«i/j,v' antl ///('// as niatc, snl(st'<|m.-ntly on 
 Ilie . ///(/■ lUmi.haul as niaslfr, ami is (•(niniM'tt-il with the latter steamer al the present linn*. 
 
 "Ca|)l. N. |. Cornwall, ol' (lanliner, Or., was horn in Vanihill County, Or., in iVs.s, and 
 coiiiiiHiieed Ills marine serviee carry in>^ the mail he) ween ICnipire t.'ily ami < ianlinei in 1.SS2, Mis 
 lirsl "-leanier W'iis lIU" /linn which lie operateil lor twelve years, an<l ihcn innk (oiniuaii'l of llu- 
 A'.y/. lie is also interested in Ihr rni)j<ina Steam Navi^^ation Ccniipaiu . 
 
 '"'C. v.. KocUwoimI, en^;ine<r. ol liandoii, Or., \\a^ horn in Iowa in iS^^H. lie n.ninieiiced 
 sti-auihoatilij; on the I 'iiipqini Kiver in iH;;. rnnnin^^ lirst as mate and pilot athl then as engineer. 
 Ik- ''.IS KM the steamer .//,/jw'al ditlen nl Innes lor ahont seven years, an'l on the luuo lor oiu' 
 yi'ai. leaving i.'oos M.iv tea- I'li^et Sonnd, wheit-, however, he reniaim*d luil a shorl tinii*. On 
 rt'linninK •" I'h* Coipiille he wjis en^am-d on the steauu-rs f'rrt\, l.illlc .tnHh, .'uhlitfu- and 
 I. piin hased the . \nlt'lofii\ and is still operating; her. 
 
 ^'Josepii Iv. I v«, enyhu'er, was horn in Kalania, Wash , in iSss. ^ii'd has heen erniiu-eted wilh the marine business alioiit 
 VearM. He I.ej^an on the sleani*-! .Iiiti;,' on Coos liav, then laii on the steamers A/\i//i, Si>/ '/honiiis, /■.'\,,it/ and 
 as hreinan an I en^inee , U avin^ llie J/vt/Zr. wheie lu* hail served as enKi'iei-r, to eoimnaml the stearmr //(/\/>. 
 silhs' piently taking elmiu'e o* 'he A///A- . intt/i , ( nos, Conut and )*///.',.'. In iSiji he lell (. 
 ('iii.- in the ICel Uivei 1 ladc WluMi the t <)iii|iany was lortned to eonslrnc-t the U'i<>// Mr. 
 building of hei machinery^ an f Trtitaitied with her as lirst assistant en;;ineer. 
 
 I. 
 
 IWci 
 
 /;vo"/ .V,;. 
 
 ./A//, and sill 
 
 II. V\ IX 
 seipu-nlK 
 
 Aith 
 
 Hay as ehii I enj^iiieer ol the //<////> 
 l-r»x seemed an interest, assisted in I he 
 
 ff 
 
 If; 
 
Ifr 
 
 Mi- 
 
 ni 
 
 j; i 
 
 iiili 
 
 'I i 
 
 IM:- 
 
 254 
 
 Ij^win (f Dry(hn'/> Marino History of thi; Pacific Norfhwtml 
 
 foriiUT ciislinn lilt' owitiTs dvit $i,s.'|"'>- Slii' was cciuipiiiMl with a lU'W Ixiilcr, Mi'vt'rili'cii (Vft loiij;, foiirln n and 
 1)111' liuli Itfl wick', mikI twelve leel in dianiL'ter, iiiid sliirled out in August in cliiiiHi' nl Capt. S. I). I.ililn, wuli 
 J. I'". Drisko, male. 'I'lie liatvir made her trial trip after Dverlianliny; in Oetoher, witii J. I>. Wani'ii, ii, aster, 
 and Henjaniin Ma(linan, en);itieer. The new tnn /\'iiiiiiit/ llolyokc wa.s laiMiihed at Sealieck lor the mill ciiiii|ianv 
 and is still in aetive service. She was one liundred and (il'teen feet lon^, twenty-fonr feet lieani, aM<l eli mh \^■^.\ 
 hold. Nearly all of the prominent Sonnd liij;lioal laplains have han<lled her. Capl. HanielC 'riioiiisi 
 
 her for two years on San 1'' 
 
 isi'o har, and I,. Ilarloe ' was one of her lirst eii^;ineirs. 
 
 The value of the lleet owned hy the mill C()m|)any on I'li^et Sound was an 
 
 rtanl fiHini 
 
 assessment roll in iH; 
 (■amhie steamers (ioliuli, %\ 
 
 The different vessels and their assessed valuati(ni this year were as follo' 
 
 II laii 
 
 oil lllf 
 
 rciii 
 
 I'livon'lr, %\i 
 
 ( yiits 
 
 U ■<,//,; 
 
 $" 
 
 /%////, $11, 
 
 Sii 
 
 i;iiiiii'>f 
 
 $'.■>.•' 
 
 larks /hirii/ llondliy, )[!c;,()i«i 
 
 ),iii 111 ; ) iiKiiiin 
 
 shi.iiiMi ; ships A /«;' 
 
 < ' II 1)1 ill- 
 
 .,S'«i; 
 
 V'.w 
 
 h\ 
 
 i-ll .s/> 
 
 >ii,l;iii\ $'),^i«> ; Juiiiis ( '//< .\/i>//, $.s,si«) ; /■.imni/i/. f,t j, 
 
 liarkenlines l'iili)>\ 5.|,vio 
 
 /iiseftli I'fikhis, $i),^t*i 
 
 i>rl Madison -steamers /'oliUufsky, $\2.- 
 
 I\i(hy, fi.\ 
 
 shii 
 
 p ( <»(/// 
 
 •lii), J; 
 
 harks 7ii/ii/ ll'ii:i\ $14,00(1; i\'orlln,isl, jfiiu.ooo; Onhlniid, $111, mwi; I'iiliilr, j^i 1 
 
 harkentiiie // '. //. (,ii:,/r 
 
 $7- 
 
 I'orl lilakely -steamers Ithikily. $1 s, 
 
 *>-'. 
 
 ship '/'i>/>f;iilliiiil. $\s.< ; harks M.nili,, 
 
 A'll/lKIl/. $7 
 
 ( (issiiiiihii 
 
 Oiikhill, 5,^,,V"'; harkentiiie A'. A'. Ilum, $il,,S"ii. Sealieck steamer lol/ny, 5j,,si 
 
 . til, I 
 
 S^.V 
 
 lark 
 iporlant event in steaiiishi)) circles in the Northwest, as well as all over the 
 
 Coast, was the oinaiw/.alion of the I'.uific Coast Sleainship Conipaiiy, successors to (loodall iV I'liki 
 
 steamship line. The oihcers were : Charles (looda 
 
 piesK 
 
 iciil : John Koseiifeld, vice presi<leiil : (', 
 
 or>;e 
 
 C. I'erkiiis, treasurer; I'Mvvin (1 
 
 ()>i ii/iii, Siiiiiloi and .Imoii. and the pro 
 
 ioodall, secretary. Tlu-ir lleet included the sidewlieel steamships .]/,iliiiiii;o, 
 pelleis /.lis .hii;i/i\, Siiii /.ii/\, Smiln (in::, MoiiU-iiw (i\[>s\\ Ihninlil, 
 
 Siiliiliis, Idaho 
 
 I 'iiliiill 
 
 and ( oiisliiiiliiii'. The ( )re- 
 Kon Steamship Company's 
 
 possessions in 
 
 the N'orthwesl 
 
 inclnileil the sidew heelers 
 ( hi/tiiiiiiiii , /o/iii I.. S/i/>/inis, 
 the new projiellers dtori;/- 11'. 
 
 I-Jdi: 
 
 id C/lvo/ (hislrr, the 
 
 (iiis.sie '/'il)iiir and the .-//Vf 1 
 The (iiv 0/ I'liisin-, Caplaii 
 
 Molle 
 
 (1 at Portland on 
 
 her liisl trip March isl, and, 
 with the (iioii^i If. l-.ldii 
 
 id . ;/ 
 
 (( I, eoinmenced 
 
 a livi 
 
 (lavs service 
 
 lie twee 11 the 
 
 Coliliiihia kivei ,111(1 .Sail 
 
 The 
 
 'acific Coast 
 
 Steamship Company operated 
 the sleaiiieis Idnlio, l.os An- 
 
 i;i/is 
 
 h. 
 
 and (hi:.iil>(i on 
 
 the same route The latter 
 
 \essel made her lirst tri]) to 
 
 I'orllaiid in the service of the 
 
 opjiosition line .NiiKUst slh, in chaine of the followiiij; officers; Johnson, c,i])ta 
 
 Ilenrv I.ampiiiaii, 
 
 M. M. Kohl 
 
 first i>ni( -r: 
 
 iel eiij>iiieer ; .Morjfan Williams, first assistant ; Samuel I'lirloii^;, second assistant ; lliilinaii. 
 
 "C.'ipl. J. 1'". Drisko was Ixnti ill Maine in lH| (. ,iinl in his carlv career cn.-istcfl (iiii ol" New N'olk mi a Ini^^. al'lct w;n'ii '. iilniK 
 111 lU'i'ii-w.iUi vessels to llie \V< ^1 In. lies ami haimii.-, in tile cniplciv iil |. S. Wiiislinv C"i>. iil I'lirl l.iii.l. Me. lie iiKiviil I" Hn- 
 I'aeilic Coast ill 1S77, I'lincil the tilil \\\y\ ttoliiill as male fur a lew inonllls, luul was llicii a|i]ioilil('<l in I'^ter nl tilt' ' 'vi u\ It <i.l'i'i, 
 allerw.inl lloMlllH tin sallli; |Misili(ill on tin- l'\lViil ili\ I ,,ihiili .\ni\ ,Uiii;lll. lie Itniaineil ill I'lipe ,V Talliols i'ni|iIo\ on l'ii);(l S'Hill'l 
 lor six N'cais, ami thtii went to S.-iii l-'rarcisni. where he sliiii|M'<l as secoinl male on the sU-anishiji .ihimut,!. Ili- IcII lici a '.■i-:i' ' I'fi 
 to lake eliai^e olT I'. II. Wliitt-Iaw 's wrerkllij^ slealller, v\hi(li lu- (-omnninilcil lor li v'e M'als, >;oiiik I i 0111 In 1 to tin- Siiitia .I/-'-' ' ' '"f 
 follrtecn inonllls .mil lllell Joining tlie stciiiishiji .Wiyti, with wliirli he icinainc'l lo, three \eais ,ali<l a hall. The /•'iliiilli'il w-i Ins 
 next {•oniinaml, iiiiil, allei riiiiiiin^ her tor ei^liteen months, he Incil on shore for a sliorl lime. I le lias reeelltU heeli aii]'"iiitf'l 
 iiiasti'r ol the ste. liner . I/111/1112. 
 
 Ca|il. Daniel I.', 'riioiiisen ol .Sail I'raiiiisi'o, master ol the In^; .Uiiiiiii 1 /i. w:is liiirii in Noiwa\ in iS|i), eminraliM ''< 'I" 
 rnileil Slates alioiil lS(i(, ami s:iilc.l oiil ol li.illiiiMne .iml New Sork lor live m ars. 1 oiiiiii^; lo llie I'aeilie Ida.^t in IS;^ ami 1 ■ iill« 
 the sriioriiicr /ifii /'/I'lrtiii: He w.as alterwanl m.ale .iml sccoml male on the li.iiks ,////;■/// 1,/ ami /■)>■.*//<»;//. the ship '"'"' ""'. 
 Iiarki'lllillc (/ ihtiiiil ami srhooner lli,vi\ in llic northern Ininher tr.iclc. lie Ilieii lie^.iii lnj;lM>,illliK .mil in 1.S71, was appolnleil 11 i.lii 
 iil'llie tn^ h'iivoiiti\ relaiiiin^i lliis position for Iwo >'ears. lie was then lor :i siniihii jierioil on the In^j A'ichiiiil llol\'ol:i' ati'i t'l'' 
 /( iilii W'ilih, (111 the l\ixlir four years. .SVu W'ilili two years, Siii Oitiiii ahoiit three vears, and has siinc heeii on the liiK Moiiin '' 
 
 •■'1. Il.iilni', cnnineer. of IIoi|iiiain. Wash., was lioni in I-!ti^;laml in iS,s^- .\llei his arri\;il on the r.uilie t'oasi he w:e. ■ ■i"" 
 I'lllplov ol the Pai itir .'\Iall Slfaniship t"oiii|).iii\ lor eleven Ncars on llic steamers ()i,i;i<>niin , ( ,'> > ihii/,i, k'lo /ntiiilii ;iml thi' ' ''' 
 S'ydllry, lea\ lll^; the latter I o ^;o ;is rhli-l en^;llleiM on the 1 11^ I liilyokt' oti I'll^;!'! Son ml. ami remailleil with 1 In- eolllp:iil\ Ilial nea 
 her Tor eij^lil years. He then rrliirneil to San I'V.'iiieiseo, where he was eni)ilo\{sl lor two \eais as liirenian in the \iilii -"i' 
 Works, alter wliieli he went to Iluquiain, where he Iia.s since Ix^en inasler incehanie at the mills. 
 
()ry:ini/f)tiiin (il I'licillu (!(i;isl 8. S. Co., Fii-nu: (Joiiiiiclitiun on Oa 
 
 MRS lIollaiKl, slcwiiril. Tlif ii.issftiHiT rati' (111 the Onuiha was jjti 
 
 k'oiili 
 
 355 
 
 litr ti 
 
 I'lUKIl' 
 
 and $s'>". willi fri'inlit fi.nn 
 
 Tin.' Orenoii Stfaiiisliip Cc)iii|iaiiy riiliuid tlic scliciluli; still rititliii, lanyinn j^assinniis at S7..S" ('iil)iii 
 
 11 stciTam'. Oil I'u^jft Siiiind and tlif Victoria route, the steamships />iUolii, Caplaiii Moise, and i'l'ly 0) 
 
 Captain Scaliiiry, wire running rennlarly. The sUaniship < '(<//v///////(i//, (.'aptaiii Sialaii y. also made a 
 
 k'W vinaj-e 
 
 lues north until destroved jpy lire in San l''ian(isco in ( )(toliei 
 
 The .t/,is/.:i tl 
 
 en took Ik'I 
 
 Tin 
 
 ijjd sii-, liners ./*/■,«///(( and .IA'/z/kwo were londeinned in San l''raneiseo, and in Noveinlier, 1X77, were hiirned on 
 
 till' Sii rameiito mini Hals, The Jlrxmiili'i Ihiiiniii entered the Siiislaw Uivir, Jnl>' 
 
 IH- 
 
 and IS ( iililled to 
 
 ill 
 
 |1il'kI"IV 
 
 ilteiidanl on having heeii the first steamship to ciili'i that hailior, the sieanui Mni\ />. 1 1 11 
 
 t. apt. 
 
 Iiiiiic-- rannhell, ■ heiiin a close second. 
 
 SailiiiH vessels liiiilt in the Noilhwest in 1.S77 were the Ihrec masted si hooiiei IIiickiiiu . \\u tons, laiim hed 
 ,il I'ipM l.ndlow. the two inastcMl schooners W'nililc ami ,M. /i. /■'ors/ii wy Port lilakely liy Hall llrothers, and the 
 
 loll schooner ( . //. Miidiiiiil at Marshlield liy II. K. Keed. 'i'lie liarkeiitine A'niHi Unul, ,^57 tons, 
 
 alsii liuill at Coos Hay lor A. .\l. Simpson and was sailcci lor several months hy Captain lloiidlette. 
 
 The 
 
 Ci)liiiiiliia Kivcr uraiii lleet for 1.S77 included a total of einhlycme vessels : thirty four Hritish, one iMeiieli and 
 ikviii Aineriean ships, ami twenty-nine Hritish, two American, one p'reiich, one Norwegian and two (lerimin 
 liiirk'. These vessels were loaded as follows: Corlutt iV Macleay six, Allen \- I.ewis ei^ht, |. McCracken 
 ,S: Cn. eij^lit, Henry llewett iV Co. twenty seven. .Salem h'loiir .Mills Company two, Koj^ir-,, .Meyer iV Co. 
 (IkIiI, .N Tell Hoseh seven, Halfonr, Ciiithrie iV Co. twelve, \. In^;ersoll one, and J. I.aidlaw two. 'I'lie smallest 
 ol llii' lleet was the Hritish hark /(ifxiii, y)\ tons, and the lar^;est the Hritish >,\ny Itni i,'/l. i.'u'i Ions. Thiitvlhree 
 
 Included in the ahove wiie tlliee cargoes of 
 
 iif tile vessels were over 
 
 tons a 
 
 ml 
 
 seventeen over 1, 
 
 tons 
 
 llmir, Ihe rem.ainder consisting entirely of wheat. While I'liKet Sound as yet was not ell^.;a^;e 
 
 1 in 
 
 exiiortin; 
 
 this 
 
 I'r foreign Inmlier lleet lor li- 
 
 as nearly as lar^c in niimlKr as the Colninhia I<i\er j;r;iin lleet. Seveiity- 
 
 Aviii 
 
 j.Mies were sent from the mill ports in 1S77, ami sixty live vessels eii^a^^ed in the trade; ships /'.i iniiihi 
 liiiiic /'isli. .\li\iiiiilii .MiNi'il, Syiin, /'i> lisiim, l.illlr Witlir, .hniihn/ lliiilo, (ni.i/iui, I 'iiimi .\t,illiilil, 
 
 liiiuiiil ISiilhr, l.i'l.i, l.ihhiw .\iinili, t'iii//i\,- harks /•.//<(, (iiindiii, /'<\i//,i)i>, (oliiiiihii , Miiiinihi 
 luililii . Oil (III, h.lliii Isnbillit, lU'i::rio, i'iil/>iiiiiisii, Lily /uimfic, Aiiloiiin, Miia::iii /'Oi i, . Ii/,'I/<Ii,k /li 
 Aliihiiiln, Sun I'niiii isn>. Mm it' I'llusi/itr , .liiilu Ihi/iiin, /i(iii\i/o .llr 
 l-iiil'i 
 
 A lllllil/lii 
 
 islii. 
 
 I 
 
 < liiiliivii. I:iiiiiiilil. I 
 
 M„rsliiill. 
 
 I:. 
 
 h'liiiiiii. < 'ii/.liill, .\i l,,,i iyjil . /■ II ilri i/,ti .\liiiii\ Itiiii //i'/iiii\ l\iiliik,'ii,ih\ /■.i;ii-iii,'iil (ii\//i 
 
 I'dli'iil:! : li.arkeiitilles /,'\i/i/i l'i-il:iiis, ( hiii /.s/ifi, ('. /,. l\iyloi\ .liili/in, /■'niiiniil, II . II. Piil , l:iiiiii,i . I iiyii.\lii. 
 
 I 'il to, 
 
 11 IK' 
 
 l.rri .S/eirii<., I'. IV. /., 
 
 schooners 
 
 / 
 
 Am 
 
 II'. I.. Iliihi-. h'l/unlir, I: 
 
 M. I:. 
 
 I'mlii. Seventy two cargoes were carried, simie of the vessels makiiiK twii trips. They weie disti ilmlid anion); 
 llie liillowiiiK ports: \'alparaiso sixti'eii, llonolnln fourteen, Callao thirtieii. Mcllionine IweKc, S\iliiey three. 
 
 li{ini{ui 
 ■arnurs 
 
 three, Adelaide three. New Caledonia two. Tahiti one, Conmel one, ,Sliaiinh.i 
 
 isisted of .i7,.4,S |,|'iS feet of Inmliei, ,^7o,,S'ii pickets, 2,J.Hs 
 
 uncles. 1 . I .'' 
 
 (•Hasinas 01 
 t> l.iths and 1 
 
 le. The 
 17 spars. 
 
 I'ast 
 
 iissa^es amonj' the ,\orlhwesleni lleet in i,S7 
 
 lie niaili' \i\ the I'li/nl ll'n .i\ C:\\t[.\\\\ Ucviiolils 
 
 in live months, and the /</ 
 
 . ;. 
 
 a record wincli is 
 
 still iiiihroke 
 
 wliicli cinnpleteil five round trips between I'li^et Sound and S.in h'l.ii 
 
 I'lilhiihiri; sailing from Ilonolnlu to Astoria in twelve days, making 
 
 l'oii\l (iiiriii, a I'li^et ,Soiinil Iniilt vessel. |ierl'ornied the reniarkahle feat of making eleven round trips lietweeii 
 
 S.iii I'Vaiieiseo and tin Sound in the following time: twenty-six, thirty one, thirty ime, eiKhleen, twent\ seven, 
 
 twenly-einht, twenty seven, twent> ei^ht. thirly-twc 
 
 thirl 
 
 y lour a 
 
 nd Iweiilv lour das 
 
 ri-sp( 
 
 I'tivels 
 
 Sir 
 
 iided liy C.'iplaili Hums. Ses 
 
 line 
 
 .Is III the N'orthwesteni licet 1 
 
 iiaile llieii last poi 
 
 t th 
 
 Imt 
 
 with Ihe exci liliou of the 
 
 //; r. r.iib 
 
 ihich 
 
 ,;illed Iron 
 
 1 Port <'.:inilile, Alinusl i2lh, loi Aiist 
 
 iievei lieen lieaii 
 
 il sin 
 
 e, the loss of lile svas small. The // . ( . I'nik,- svas in coinmand of Caplain Hlaekslc 
 
 ]i'i|]iilar master known all over the coast as " HIackie" ' see pa^e I'l,^ 1. The .\ineric.iii ship ( \>iiiiiiihloii\ Capt. Charles 
 ll.isluil, from San loanciseo for Seattle, stramUd hvo miles south of Tatoosh Island duriiij; a stidiiv. westerly K'I''' 
 .1:11111. us Hilh. .\ heavy sea svas rnniiiiiK :it the liiiu-, ;ind, svheu thi' vessel struck, a |ioition of the rudder svas 
 
 ■fapl. |aiiu-s (.'anthill nl (Inlil lU'Mcli, dr., was liuni in S all.i'la in iSiS, ami r.iiiie In Ilic I'arilic Cn.-isl in I -i.-StS as male with 
 
 ' ■<! inasler ol llie scliuoiii-i lUtilr ot Ihi' ///s/ainl ina If srvt-ral trips 
 iilli, svlliili lie sailed virv |inililal)l\ in .he isiasliliK anil 
 
 Ills liiMlhii iin Ihe sclliiiiner l\ll,slin 
 
 Me 
 
 ,as tlieii a 
 
 mill h 
 ulliilln 
 >i«hl V 
 
 I'l" 
 
 ,SlioalwaUT Hay. In I.S()(> lie Ijniil tile selin 
 
 ■U'loil 
 
 loule till Iwelve veals, tier lellirils en ililin^ llle usvnels In p.n lieiii.iU- in ilivitleinls .ain'.lilitini.; In f 1' 
 
 IS. Tile siliiMnier w.is Nnallv Insl in 1 Insi-l lla\, HeiillK Sea. S'.i)ilaiii l"aii^',lu-ll lliell 1 -ik ioniltian,! 
 
 svliii'h he ran lo llie Sliisiaw Kisei iinlil ahonl iSSd, lliis Iieiii^; cnie ot llie lilsl ves'els in ti;,ii it;,-!. 
 
 .1 .III 
 
 sleaniei 
 
 .\l.i 
 
 ' leniailleil wilh 
 
 llu- ,l/ii( 1' I). Illlllli' till live veals, anil then lell llei In take llle I 1,11(1 I.ikI'I "" '' svllalin^ iinise, allir rein li llj; fnnil wllii 11 lie 
 
 111 rliiij^enl' tile tn;^ r,lit>iii, (in the Uii;^iie anil .Sinilli overs, tin alioill l\\i 
 llU' Kl.ailatll, Knulie ami 1 Innilmlill livels, ami aliunl Iim- sears .1^11 tin " 
 l-ln;,i;ii|. 
 
 *ais. Me siil).4ei|neiills' ran tile steaniii /'///.//r on 
 
 III III the 111 
 
 A'.ii';V- 
 
 .1/. ssilh whi.h 111- is still 
 
 '■ t'a])l. Ml 111 s V, Ml nil I lei te S\as Inn 11 111 Maine 111 iS.j'i, ;llli| em 11 men ceil Ins inal illllle lile as a liny (111 111! sjllp . /vMV /,/, 
 
 Mill ot lt(ISl( 
 
 lie lell llle vessel ill Maiseille 
 
 1)1 Siii'lv Ilddk svilli liiiir liiiii 
 
 Ireil 
 
 returned on the .Aineriean ship // '. .V. /./ 
 
 which ss.is svreekeil inside 
 
 'nii^rants (Ml boanl. Me iiexl made a round Irip Iroin Nesv S'ork to San l-'ianeis 
 
 1111 the 
 
 li.tlk ^ ..II Ihiihti, and in iS'is r.illle lo the fo.,sl .as seeond mate ol the ship f/l,tli;il. Ctpt I .\. Klliiules. .\t San I'laneisio lie joined 
 in the liiintiei trade, 11111,11111; .IS mate loraslioit tinir. and alleiw.inl seived in llie same r.ipaiil son llie ship 
 
 till' Ink //,! 
 Ihl. 
 
 Me ssas I hen appointed niasiei ol Ihe liaik Sfiithiittl, .and has since lieeii in em nil ,.11 111 ol Ihl 
 
 llld 
 
 /V. I Hi, 
 
 ehi 
 
 iif/(ji'/i/, harkenlilles I li-i-i^iilltiin and iWnlh //(■«</, si-liooner Miii^i^ir l,>lni\iill, sailing llie lalter vesstd ill tile .San l-'ralieisei 
 
 Taint; liade lor tl 
 
 iree vears 
 
 111 iSSo C;iplaill Mondlelle elllered Un 
 
 lilt 1 It, llle li,irkelllille // . //. Dillhillit tii 
 
 nil I '■ lininlieil round trip-. Iielwi en S.iii li;iiieis 
 
 lll< ; .1 liUeeil veais. 
 
 ;ind 
 
 ceol J. Il Spied. els \- I'll , sailing Ihe liii.n /. /'. .S/.;/v/v/i 
 
 I a hall years, and Iheii taking Ihe sieainship . Iii\/i, 1/1,1, ssilli svlin h he li.is 111 nh 
 
 y 
 
 lllld llle Sutldsvicll Ishands. lie his In 
 
 milinilollslv III the Plaiid Hade li 
 
 II 
 
 ti 
 
 s 
 
fill 
 
 ■(' 
 
 256 
 
 I (^wifi (f Pryilcn'n M:\rlni' flishiry of thf Pnclfii: /'Jmifiwi-it 
 
 (Ic'Stroyc'd, rciKU'rhiK licr iiiimriimKi'iil>'i'- Tlu' masls wiTi- fiit awiiy mid tliicc iiiioliois (lt'i>|i|K'<l, Imi witlimii ;iv,ii|, 
 
 fi>r slu' (li iCtfd iisliiiri- and was poiiiidi'd to pieces in sliml older. The ( i 
 
 was I wen I \' -one yeaisold Slie was in I (alias! at the time and was insiiied Im ^I'l, 
 
 'i/i/c was aliiinl 1 , 
 
 00 Ions iej;is|i 
 
 I ami 
 
 The wicek was sold lu Mr 
 
 l.aiiils fill 5l7.v '1*1"' Anieiieaii liaik l'iniihn'i/[;r sailed IVoiM I'ort l.udlow, Jtiiii' r.'tli, with 
 
 ■arn" ol hniiliiT 
 
 for San I'Vaiieiseo, At 11: 
 
 A. M the nest da\ 
 
 (ilteen miles southwest of Cape j'latlerv, she en 
 
 '•ounicR-il 11 
 
 slifT Hide and heavy eross sea and he^an leakinn lapidh'. The timliers on the lee side starte<l, ami, ;il;ii im 
 llMsiieeessfnl allenipt to ;^el the vessel hefore the wind, the erew lie^jan jettisoning the deek loail. U liili- s., 
 en^aned the watirlo^ned craft, with a heavv Iniili. tolled on her tieain ends. Th 
 
 e erew sncceeded ni 
 
 a lioat, and, with t 
 
 le exception 
 
 if the (.Miinese 
 
 illlllclllny. 
 
 ■ap( 
 
 liiniihi .tiii;iislit ami taki'ii to San iManeisco. The (niiilniili; 
 
 '"r--. 
 
 salely and wire picked up liy the liaikmiii 
 ivas old ami tender, and with anything hm ;, 
 Innilier ear^o would iiiive proven :i 
 c<dlin for her erew years liefoic. .Sin- 
 was owned hy N. C Hrook.s, wlui 
 valued the ves.sel at Js.ihhi ami tin- 
 
 'IK' 
 
 il *.?,- 
 
 T 
 
 lie Itrilisli 
 
 ship Shviil/is/i, 7^1; tons, Capt. J, ,S, 
 llaiidley, lidin San I'Vaiicisco for lliir- 
 laid's Inlet, ill l)all,ist. was wivckiil 
 No\enil)er fith two miles west of l<;i(i- 
 
 Uocks 
 
 Till 
 
 •il/isli 
 
 liiiin 
 
 droppi 
 
 the Hay City, Oclolier jotli, eiiliiid 
 the Straits, Novemher .|lli, and mi llu- 
 liltll eiieonntered calms and vaimlik- 
 wIikIs, which liiiidere<l her pio^res'-. 
 Shediilled around until j:ihi ,\. .m. mi 
 the si.xtli, when she struck heavily, 
 making ;i lai^e hole iii.ii the stern, 
 tliroiiHh which the llli//(•l||ll;l^t 
 The \essel was half lull of water in a very short time, hut remained liaiininn on the rocks. .Ml hiuids 
 
 SI t .\.MSliir 
 
 reached shore in safet\' anil were taken to V'ii'toria liy II. It. ,M. sloop ofwai ('/><»/. The American ship h'imhi(y 
 one of the Columliia River j.;r.uii licet, w.is lost off the iiiontli of the Colnmliia, Deceniher Jijlli. The vessel WM^ 
 taken over the bar at .S:.^^ .\. \i. by I'ilot DoIk, drawing; twenty two feet of water, and stinck he 
 
 ivily III passing 
 
 out, lint was tlioiiKht not to have siislaiiieil serious dama^;e. I'ilot Koi^; left her, and the captain si|iiareil away 
 At ti):,Vi the carpenter repniled three feet of water in the hold, and at I Jiuii o'cloi 
 
 k there were six and 
 
 li:ill 
 
 feet with all the pumps K"iiiK- '"he vessel was then headed for the liar, hut at 1:1111 r. M. the wind died mil ai 
 the .Ihnvslicilli l'ii\ll: . wdiicli had p.issed out of the river a short distance liLdiind the Xhnhiis, was si^jnaled In 1: 
 to. \\ 3:oii I'. M. the water had reached between decks, where at 7:110 l> .M. it was twenty one iiiclus deep. Tl 
 
 lew took 111 the boats and rowed to the . Ihi y\/;,'///i I'ltsl/r, which stood by until iJ.,s.S A. 
 
 when the .W 
 
 took a final pinnae twenty five miles off the moutll of the river. The vessel was built at li.ith, Me., in isi,., anil 
 le^jistered I ,,vi-' tons. She w.is valued at J'l.s.noci and her wheat carwo at )Ji;j,.p)H. She was in cominand ol (.'apl. 
 
 U. I,. Leonard, with Charles Spinner ' and J. Wi 
 
 iites. The crew were taken to Astoria by the tiij; .Ul,niii 
 
 the next day. Neither the tbfryshi'ifh ('ii\llr nor the /'i/^iiiii, which crossed inil at the same time, siislaiiml any 
 injury. The ship A'A/;/, /uii;/i-, Captain lhiHh"S, from I'lij^el Sound for Callao, was wrecked on Ivasler Isliiml. 
 I'ebruary 2d, beeominn a total loss, but the capl;iin and crew were rescued and taken to Tahiti. Capt.iin Iliinlas, 
 who li;id been in oomtnaiid ol the bark /uLviii, lost on \'ancoiiver Island two years before, had piirchasiil tin' 
 lUiuk /<iii;lt at a low figure wdieii she was in distress at Iwipiimall Harbor, .mil after refitting her started mi tin- 
 
 voyage wliirli lermin.iled so unfortunately. 
 
 The 
 
 iiier <)n-ii,iiiiiiii was dri\eii ashore at the CoipiilU- Kivir, 
 
 January iiilli, and beoiiue a total loss. The ship lln iiimi, from Callao fur I'ligel Soninl, put into San l-'rainisio, 
 Manh I'llli, le:ikiiig badly, and w.is sold and broken up. 
 
 ■A new factor in the on .111 steamship business appe:ireil on the northern routes in 1.S7.S. The I'linc 
 ciiinpelilinii between the ( )regiiii Sleaiiiship Company and the Pacific Coast Sleanishi]) Company had no souikt 
 ended than 1'. I). Cornwall of Sail I-ranciseo put the steaini.'r diial Ri-finbtir on the " 'illaiid route aiidcanieil 
 passengers and freight at iiiiluard of r.iles. The (inal Rf/iiib/u was one of the last of the old style siilewlu 1 krs 
 built for the Pacific .Mail Steamship Company. She was laiiiiihed at ( iieeiiport. Long Island, in November, 1 s66, 
 by Henry Steers, for the China tr.ide. and was oper:ited there for a while, but .1 few years after her ani\.il sin was 
 
 lught i 
 
 II a Heavy g:i 
 
 ilT the Chinese coast and roughly handled. On account of injuries received at this nine. 
 
 rind her heavy coal lonsiimptioii, she was retired from this route and sold to I', li. Ci 
 
 ill fi 
 
 figure coin|)are(l with her original cost. .Sidewheelers hail gone out of date. 
 
 It was supi 
 
 or an insigni 
 used that Cm 
 
 lint 
 
 1*1* 
 
 '■ Capl. Charles Spinner was Imni in New York City in iH.|y, lienan sailiiij,' 1111 ileep- water msmIs when a Imy, ami In-' lai: 
 111 llu* Cdliiinliia Kivi-r in iH7,5, wlieri' lie wiirkeil for a sliorl time on I lie In^ . hloiiii ami I lien joineil a livi r tmal. II 
 
 siTviee 111' llu- llre^on Kaihva>' \ Navi^^aliiiti Ciinipanv lor inaiiv \ears. Mis last ' 
 
 111" whieli lie was inaslur on the Asloria route, alter wliiili lie luuk i-i 
 
 Dieir 
 
 enijiloN' wa 
 
 111 ol '.lie steamer \ti H'oHtli', 
 
 III llu- ll,ini\l I 
 
 
'! 
 
 P 
 
 (Jnj.ini/iihiin nl' I'uuil'n; (Ut;mt H. H. Cn., I ii.Tw (Jdiiiprhtidn mi Oi.fun K'diitrn 
 
 -i.S? 
 
 iiilii li I'll till' sIciMlfl, i'X|ifiliii^ 111 M'ciiic A niHiil ^iilisicly liii hiviiif.; liri ii|i. ( In his laillllr lo iii(cilll|ilisll his 
 |,iii|ii he put hot III! the iiiiilc. iinil. drspilc Ihc liiw imU-s, ciiiiii'il sik h rinwils Ihiit crii Uu' I'liniiiiiiiis iiiiiiiiii^ 
 (>({» II liiih'il III I'Diisiiiiit' III! the |i|iilits. Sht' iiirivccl mI I'iiiUmihI mi hti fiist tup JiiiU' ivtll in I'liiiiiiiiiiiil nl 
 C.ipl I iiiii's Ciurull, 1 airviiiK twn liiimhcd p:issiii)^cis ainl linii hniiihiil tuns ol lui^;hl, Ihc lalts liiiiij^; laliiii 
 i'i, '' ililK'' f-' '""' li'in'i' $>S" l"i '"11 ^1"' ntmiiiil lu Siiii I'lamisi o wilh j t'l passtiimTs at the latc <it 
 fi; mill JJ. On IliT srcoiiil trip imilh, ciliiii passa^i- was ■§,\, stcitam- f,j, ami IriMnht Ji pti tun. She raiiieii 
 l^i; r;iliiii passfii>{C'rs ami .'i).< in Ihc slfi'tam'. I''i>i tin- lew liips lnjlowitin lur passcnm'i list was as IdIIiivvs : 
 third, i|7caliin, ay sti-i-raKi' ; limrtli, ,s().' I'aliin, .''u striianc-; tilth, .(Mo cahiii, njs '>tci'ran<.' ; sixth, (S" I'lliiii, 
 i.iii s . iiani'. ' 'ii lii'i clown trips she luoU lully as niiny as when iiuilhwanl liiiiiinl, passcnuiis tiavidinn 
 li.ii'k iinl loilli licransc it was ihcaprr than Imaiclinv; aslnni'. (.'unuv.ill (■oiitiniicil lii'i iiii llio khiIc until ,\pril, 
 i.syij. wlii'ii slif was wivcki'il on S.iml Isl.iml whilr honml in wilh nine linmlicil pass(.'M>;i'rs alH)aril. 'I'hi' dunl 
 Ivfiihlii was a hark rinHLMl Vfssi'l lliri'u hiincliiil and sivintv iiilii Icct lon>;, lorly st-voii k'lt hi'aiii, and thirty ki'l 
 liiilil, II nisturinn .VHXJ tons. She ivas conslniittd ol whili' oak and ihi-slniil witli iron and coppi'r fasli'iiinns, iiiid 
 llirif iliiks, and power was liinilshi'il liy fonr lioiUrs and a vertical licain inline. She was reinctalcd in i.Sy.-, 
 ;iiid w.is said to he in lair condition whcji lost i see wieck ol iiiml /\'</>iih/ii i. Despite her niannnotli propoilions 
 >lie vvMs a rapid Ir.iveler and on her last trip oul Irnni I'oitland made the run to .Asloiia in live iiniiis and liltecn 
 i.iiniilc^. .Mr. Coiiuvall slill tnitlier intcrlered wilh the prulits ol the old steamship company hy seeming the 
 .M.i'.k;! mail conlract, in tin Inllillmeiit ol which he opii.itcd the /./////■ I \i///,'i ///'n. iiinninv; her iiorlli Irom 
 I'lirllimil, where N. II, Inj^alls was a>;ent loi the two steamships I'lior to the (inn/ A'i/)ii/i/ii'\ arrival, rales 
 liitweca Sail l''rancisco and I'oill.inil hail heeii k stored to the old linnres, fji^Mii and 'fi\j.s'i. In Noveniher the 
 sliaiiishii) /:'i>//'//i\ C. II. lint'er, captain, J, C llnnler, lirsl ollicir, hejjan running; on the Victoria ronle 
 III iippii'itioii to the K'Hnlai sleaiiiships. 'I'lie steamship /I'/iii /.. Sli/>/i<iis was sold in San iManciseo lo Sisson, 
 WiiUai I- iv Co., who sent her lo Kailnk, .\laska, where she was used as a lloatinj" cannery. The new steamship 
 Sliili '<! 'iilihuiiid. hiiilt lor the iiorlliern trade, was sccnn'd on coiiiplelioii liy the Knssian (lovernmeiit, who paid 
 II liJH liiiiiiis over her oriKiiiiil cost. Wmk w.is imineili,ilil\' lii^;iiii on a duplicate, wdiii h is now on the I'orlland 
 iml S.iii iM.iiicisco route. 'i"he old sUaiiiships ( ii/iJ/Zn/tcit aui\ r,i/(</ ,/,/,( weie sold in San l''raneisco to T. I'. 11. 
 Wliilil.iw and were hiokeii up. In ,\Iaicli Ihe steamship /iniw/n niadi- the run Irom San l''iancisco lo Victoria in 
 sixty six hours and U-n minutes which at thai peiiod w.is the hcst mi icioid. The old steamer (iii.\sit 7'i//iiir was 
 |iurcliasi'd in .Aiiril liy iMaiik 
 l!.ini:uil >V Co., who iclitleil 
 iin liii llie Coos Bay, Ivinpiic 
 Cily ami .Marshheld trade. 
 The A' A', '/'Ihiiu/isiiii. an ele 
 Kiinl slei nwheeler, in every 
 rc.'s|iei I llie eipial nl the W'iilr 
 \\'r\l, was laiincheil on the 
 iiiiclille liver in Jniie, l,S7,s. 
 She iiiiiile her trial trip Sep 
 liinlier j.sili in charHe ol' 
 C,i|it Cieorne .\ins\vorlh and 
 liiiKiiiiii I'eter He IlnH', and 
 Hiis 111 mice jilaced in service 
 nil I lie middle river, Capl, 
 Jiiliii \Ic\nlly in eonimaiiil, 
 ''iiiii i;i- k II :i n ;; s , pnrsei . 
 \lti.i lum years in this trade 
 she w,is lironj-ht over I lu- 
 Casr.nhs, June ,\, 1SS2, and 
 has liieii ill active ser\ ice 
 
 iiliMusl I iintiiiiioiisly since that time, running lor a lirii I piMioil 011 the Cascade route and afterward to .Vsloria. 
 .\ltliiiii'.;li seventeen ye 1- !i ,\ ■ passed siiiie the /lioiii/isnii cniiimenceil opeialiolis, Iml lew taster and no heller 
 sli-iiiiii 1^ have appeared Sin- : capahle ol making rapid time with a hi^; i-aiK". imd has passeii^;er accoinniodation.s 
 iiiisurpassed hy any sle; 'in" in ' Xmlhwesl. .Mler ^oin^ to llic lower ii\'er she was comnianded for a short 
 lime li\ Clark \V. Spra^ci- IC I e'oe and I, .\. Haile\ . In i.S.S.s Capl. Samuel Colsoii, who had been with her 
 a lull;.; time as male and Jill. I \'.as niveii commanil and handled the sleamer nearly seven \eais, Capl. Willis (.". 
 Siiciw siieceedinn him in iSi)| Cicorni I'". iMiIUr. ' who was se<dnd eii^^iiieer wilh William lloran when the 
 
 i.'ii]il. Willis C. Sninv wa-, Ipuni in Maine in iS^v .Alter lullnwini.' llie sea Im sevei.il ve.iis he en^.i^eil in sliilnliiialiliH nil 
 llie Ciji iinliia UiviT cm llie II ill,ini,ll,- CJiirt \n |S7<). lilll sinie lli.il liinc- Ine, lucii alnmst einillnncMeh Willi llie < lic-^;oli KaiUvav ,V 
 Niivini'i,in (.■cinipanv. willi llie 1 \i'e|iliiiii .<! almiil a vear, ilnnilK wlnrli In li.nl c liai-.i^c- cil llie 1 il\ ilreil;;e He is al presenl inaslci 
 "flhi '..iiiiei A', .V. 'l'/ioiiif>\oii. 
 
 'i.eiii.ne p. I'nller, eii^^ineer, was licini in Cliieo, Cat , in i,S(ii, ami eaiiie to Oienini win 11 a liny, lie eciiiiineiieecl liis career 
 H I'lrc-i- 111 nil Willainelle Kiver steamers. KciiiiH siil)sec|iieiillv In llie iiiiclille I'nlnniliia, where he ioiiiecj llie A". A', riiiiiii/isnii in iKSi . 
 ■MlcM . ivinn as assislani eiiKiiic'er Inr a few years he was appuiiileil eliiel, a |iiisitinii wliieli he lias since- In-lil. The s|.li-iicliil Hcik 
 "I llii- I ii.iiiif>\iiH cluriii;! the iiiaiiv years in w-hieh Mr. I'nller has served wilh her is a liinli eoiiipliineiil In his alalily. 
 
 so \.MI CC ' K, \i. rnciMC'SllN " 
 
 C.Vl-i SAMI t I. C 1)1 hl.N 
 
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IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
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 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
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 23 Viii :^ MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (7)6) 873-4S03 
 
 

 %° 
 
25S 
 
 Lewis cj Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Stkamkk ""Joiin Catks" 
 
 steamer went over tlie Cascades, has been chief oiiKineer for nearly ten years, having been connected nithhfr 
 longer than any other of Iter officers, witli the exception of Captain Colson. The A'. A'. 7'/h>iii/>Mii is twd l.iiiulred 
 and fifteen feet Unig, thirty-eight feet beam, and nine feet six inches hold, with engines twenty -eight by nimlysix 
 inches; net tonnage, nine hundred and twelve. vShe was hauled out for extensive re|>airs in iS.s.s and was stt 
 afloat three mouths later with practically a new hull. In June, iSija, she sank near Mt. Coffin and w;i- raistd 
 with great difficulty and brought to 
 Portliind for repairs (see 1892). The 
 steamer .V. G. A'tr<f, built by the Ore- 
 gon Steam Xavigaliou Company for 
 the lower river trade, was launched 
 at Portland in July, 1S7.S, making 
 her trial trip September tjth. The 
 following year she was operated as 
 a seaside boat in charge of Richard 
 Hoyt, captain, A. Iv. Dierdorfi", chief 
 engineer, W, (1. Dillingham, purser, 
 K. J. Moody, first officer. Capt. John 
 Wolf afterward handled the steamer 
 on the Ca.scade route, and Babbidge, 
 Emken, Pease, Kindred, Moody, 
 Bailey and Sullivan were in charge 
 on the Astoria run. She was retired 
 from service in 1.S94, The A'tttf was 
 one hundred and seventy-live feet long, thirty-three feet beam, and seven feet hold, with engines eighteen Ijv 
 eighty-four inches. 
 
 The steamer /<>//« (7,i/<-s was added to the Oregon Steam Navigation Company's upper river lleit in is;>. 
 She was built at Celilo, and was one hundred and fifty-one feet long, thirty-two feet beam, four feet eight iiidiis 
 hold, with engines sixteen by fifty-four indies. W. P. Gray was her first master, and he was succteikd liy 
 Pingston, Stump, Sampson, Troup and others. In 1.S84 Captain Trou]) made a record for the .steamer by lakiiij; 
 
 her over Priest, Rock Island and Cabinet ra])ids, the object (if tin- 
 trip l)eing to ascertain if the river was navigable. Among tliusf 
 aboard were General Giblmns and staff. II. .S. Kowe. Charles l.ailil, 
 John Gates and C. A. Dolph. The steamer was condemned several 
 years ago, and in 1K94 her house was placed on the hull built lur tlic 
 new steamer /.fuisloii. The Oregon Steam Navigation Company 
 built the /fanrsi Qunii at Celilo in 1.S7H to run in contiecliipn with 
 the improved service on the niiiUUe and lower river. The Oiinn 
 was the largest steamer on the upiier river, and, while she was not 
 very rapid in her movements, was as elegantly eijuipped as the 
 steamers farther down stream. Capt. James W. Troup was ^iven 
 command and ran the Oiurii between Celilo and I.ewiston niitil 
 February, i.S.Si, when she was taken over Tnmwater Kapids fur 
 nishing one of the most exciting trips ever made on the Colniidiia. 
 She left Celilo, I'ebniary Sth. in charge of Captain Troup, with 
 Kugineers I)e Huff and Pardun. When she struck the brink tin- 
 rudders were torn off and the wheel damaged. The next plnn^;e 
 broke her starboard eccentric, and in this helpless condition shi 
 collided with a submerged rock, tearing a hole in the hull and lilliiig 
 two comparlnieuts. Rudderless and luiinaiiageable, she swimu Ironi 
 thi^: obstruction and shoitly alterward encountered a reel, which 
 tore off the bow and nosing. The swift current parted the ch.iiii ol 
 the anchor, which was dropped, but fortunately the keilge held litr. 
 In the meantime the engineers had partly repaired damage 
 with one engine working through broken pillow blocks, she was landed, am' lurth.er teiiiiirs were ma 
 week later she was taken through the little Dalles and on the eighteenth thnmgh the big Dalles. Cap 
 McNulty commanded the steamer im the middle river, where she remained until iHcjo, when Captain 
 piloted her safely over the Cascades. Since that time .she has been engaged on the lower river, will; 
 ICdward Sullivan in charge most of the time. The //nnrs/ Oncni is two hinidreil feet long, thiriy-se' 
 beam, and seven feet six inches hold, with engines twenty by ninety-six inches. She was extensively : 
 in 1890. While 1.S7.S was the banner year of steamboat building in the history of the Oregon Steam N,i\ 
 Company, a gieat many fine steamers were .set afloat by others. The l.nilin,-. the fastest and finest sli 
 
 CAI'I. WII.I.IAM 1'. (*,K\V 
 
 mill, 
 
 John 
 I'loup 
 Capt. 
 11 k-et 
 '.lircil 
 
 .Uioii 
 ■ler III' 
 
es t.-ij;lit(.cii In 
 
 Organization of Pacific Coast S. S. Co., Fivrcv Competition on Ocvan Routrs 
 
 259 
 
 her si vver on the Colunihia River, was Iniinched Septeinl)er ,v>tli l)y Jacnh Kainm, wlio had built the first 
 stcrnu ' elcr in the Nortluvest nearly a quarter of a century before. Capt. James T. Gray '" took cliarRe of the 
 /,«»//« 'inil handled iter on the Vancouver niute for the first ten years of her career. During the summer sen.son 
 •ihe 111 lie one trip a week in tlie seaside Iraflic, and occasionally towed ships, comiJetiuK with the Oregon 
 Kailw.i iS: Navigation steamers. Numerous ventur.s of this nature, 
 in whi' h the stanch and speedy l.urline was enjjaged, are said to have 
 cost till Oregon Railway iS: Navigation Company over half a million 
 dollar^ In iSSy that company leased lier, and, in command of Cap- 
 tain I'lll-liury. she w;"s ojierated on the Cascade route until i.Si)2, when 
 Kainni ;ij;ain commenced regular trips to Astoria. Captains Charles 
 T, Kaiiiin, ' Ivxon, Dniieck, Gray and others liave had charge of her, 
 mil >Ih- is still making a round trip a day between Astoria and I'ort- 
 laiiil. The l.uiline is one hundred and fifty-seven feet long, thirty 
 lett siMii inches beam, and six feet six inches hold, with engines 
 eigliteiii by .seventy-two inches. The steamer Cily of Oiihiiv was 
 lainiclKil at Portland in iSj.S lor the Lewis River trade, making her 
 trial trii> November \2\\\. She was built by Kuchanan Hrothers. and 
 the following ycr.r went on the Dayton route in connnand of Capt. 
 I. 1). S.iiiborn, with R chard Oakley, purser. Capt. \V. S. Huchanan 
 took cliarge of her in issci and remained with her until June. i.S,sj, 
 whun slic was sold to I'uget Sound parties for the .Skagit River traffic. 
 IKt first master on the Sound was Daniel lielison, who was succeeded 
 In- Captains Deiniy, Hailey, Gatter, .Sinclair, I'arker and others. 
 .\ni()iii; her engineers .vere Charles H. Grinwald and I.J. Iloinan. ' 
 The Oiiiiiii was one hundred and ten feel long, twenty-two feet beam, 
 :iii(l lour leet six inches hold, with engines Isvelve by forty-eight inches. The steamer 7'iiivtlt r w;is constructed 
 ill i.S;^ li\ Capt. Kouis I.ove lor the I'"'nl business between Portland and Rooster Rock. She was launched 
 
 CAl'I. ClIAlil.l-.S T. K.XMM 
 
 Capt. Jitim's T f.ray, tlu' yomi^^t'st of a r|ii:irli-t 
 mariiR* !iiisiiii-s> fiir (iver l\\t'nt\- \t'ars, am! is In'sl kiH)\\n tliroii^^li liis work on im- i.nm 
 ■■iKirl iiiurvals, siiuf lur lauiuliiiij;. Ill' ran lii-r lirst on tlif \'aiiniiiver ronli', anil also li.i 
 :r.vli-, c'.iiitHin Cr.'iy's aliilily as a stratnlioatnian is uiii|iH'slioiif(l ' ' "' ' ^' 
 
 lib arn\ 
 \fn-r K- 
 
 ilu'S 
 
 iKo i-ii. 
 
 ••U-iliarl 
 
 ni'Ut ■!.. 
 
 -llfSIIII.. 
 
 •In- I'a, • 
 1 raiui- 
 ''i'i;«ll ! 
 ■ i-iir. ,11 
 inoutli- 
 1 year, 
 Kivcr I 
 
 iT wi'll known Nortlnvestt-rn sifainlioatnu-n. lias lii't'ii fii).;aj,;tMl in the 
 tlif /.//*//'/#', wliifli he lias (-oninianiU'it, o\ci.]>t at 
 :nl also IiiiiidU'il ht-r a> a towlioat ami in ilie sraside 
 
 1. ill tile iiiaiiy lianl transportation iMttles i>arli(-ipate(l in l>\- 
 tlie l.iiiltiif. his tireless eiU'r),'y ami skill 
 have played a niost important part. 
 
 't.";ipt. Chark-s '1*. K.-tmiii is the oiilv 
 soii of portlaml's millionaire steainlxja't 
 owner, jaroli Kainni. has literally >;rown np 
 with the Imsiiiess, ami has jit diirerent times 
 roiiimamleil all ol the sleaniers uwneil liy 
 the diirt-rt'iit transportation companies of 
 whii'li his father was the leading spirit, 
 lie has hien master of the OiYtiii II iirr, on 
 the llwaio ronti . sinei- lur eonslnution. 
 and for tin- past live years Ims Kei-ii snper- 
 
 -' — - inlemlent of the X'anconvfr 'rransportation 
 
 t.'oinpany and the Lewis Kivrr Transpor- 
 tation Company, lieside lookiii).; after the 
 I'ortlaml luisiness of the I!w.no Railway >S: 
 Navijjation y'oinpany. The fact that he is 
 a inilliomiires son has never alleited Cap- 
 tain Kanini. and no nian eniploved on the 
 steamers of the comjiain is ;i harder worker 
 or iierfornis his clutics more thoron^hU-. 
 
 '•Capt. Henry Hailey oi llallard. 
 Wash., is a native of Whidliy Island, nml 
 lie^;an stcainhoaliiiK on the /. /.' /.;A/'iiii 
 1S7S. Since thai time he li.is hcen con- 
 nected with nearly all of the steamers on 
 l'ii);et Sound. Me was last in idinnianil of 
 the steamer S/ii/r of l\\i\liin^toii. 
 ami came to Pnyet Sonmi in iS7i, his first work after 
 
 v'liarli-s H. ( ;rinwa!il, engineer, w.e Imrn in Massachusetts in iSs; ^., , 
 
 il lieiiu; on the tii|4 iiivinitc. Me wciil from her to the ('irw. \i',ilkei. and sulisei|Ueiitly to the )\ikiiii,i, i.olnth and /'.(mi 
 I' inj; ihe />,ii\\ he went lo Portland and was enijineer for a shml time on the Xancouver ferrv l: In. lie then rcUirned to 
 
 I and r. in on the ste.imers ^ We <'/*^ *///»/, r .and // A'. .Wt-i:cin. teiiiainin^ on the I'oriner thiee .uid one half years, and w.as 
 : med on tile steamers ll'i//ir. .M.ilvl . .May Oiiirii. 1 \ii ii,/,\. .Mofilr 1 'ii^ln. ri.>f<i,i and Hiiny /luil, 1, servini; on the latter 
 until she sank in l'el»rnar\\ iSql. lie was on the /utrt'ii/r when she fonndered at I'urt l.ndlow, on the /*tii\\' when she 
 ' 11 at Vcslir's «h,irf at Seattle, on the ( '//i ii/ (Jiiiiii v. sunk near Mt. Xcrnon with a f io.ikki caryo, ,'inil on the .t/,/A,7 when 
 
 id a sinnl.u mishap in llinutioliU Slouch, lie was ;ilso a passenger on the shiji /'i/r/i/ //,!,/, /A 1 when she was wiecki-d 
 
 1 " 
 
 ii 
 
26o 
 
 Lewis cj Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 June i6th and commenced running in command of her owner, with Joseph Burgy," mate, and Fred II. Love, 
 engineer. She was sold in 1881 to I,. D. Brown, who ran her a few months and then turned her over to John 
 Crouch, who o|>erated her very profitably while the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company were buiUlitig the 
 road l)etween Portland and the Cascades. Jacob Dubeck next purchased the steamer, and Capt. L. A, Bailey 
 became master. In 1882 she was disposed of to the Buchanans, who operated her until 1889, when she was 
 
 bought by David Upton of Gray's River, who rebuilt and renamed 
 her Ci/j' of Frankfort, in honor of the boom town at the mouth of 
 the stream. Upton initiated opposition with her on the Astoria 
 route, and she was subsequently bought in by the Colunihi,! River 
 & Puget Sound Navigation Company and finally sold to Captain Day. 
 She is now in use as a towboat. Her dimensions are : letij^tli, one 
 hundred and twenty-four feet ; beam, twenty-two feet ; depth of hold, 
 four feet six inches. 
 
 Capt. S. S. Douglass, the pioneer ferryman of Portland, built 
 the sidewheel steamer W'estport, which received her name from the 
 town where she was constructed. She was one hundred and eighteen 
 feet long, twenty-two feet beam, and five feet six inches hold, with 
 geared engines ten by sixteen inches, which were handled from the 
 pilot-house, the captain having full control while making a landing. 
 She made a few trips on the seaside route, and was subsequently 
 operated as a general jobbing boat, making a specialty of carrying 
 parties of sp>ortsmen from Portland to the shooting-grounds on the 
 lower river during the hunting season. She was burned at Westport 
 in December, 1886. The steamer Toledo, built at Portland in 1878 for 
 the Cowlitz River trade, was owned and operated by Joseph Kellogg. 
 Captains Orrin and Charles H. Kellogg" were in command for ten 
 years, and in 1891 she was sold to the Woodland Navigation Com- 
 pany, who put her in the Lewis River traffic in charge of Capt. W. A. 
 Davis. She was afterward di.spo.sed of and went on the Yamhill route in charge of Captains Exon and (ieer. 
 The Toledo was one hundred and nine feet long, twenty-two feet beam, and four feet hold, with engines ten by 
 forty-eight inches. The Lewis & Lake River Transportation Company, composed principally of fanners living 
 along those streams, built the steamer Latona .it Portland in 1878. W. G. Weir was master until 1882, when 
 John H. Bon.ser'' took charge. She left the Lewis River in 1886 and was put on the Oregon City route by 
 the Grahams, Capt. A. B. Graham commanding until 1891, when .she was con- 
 demned and replaced by the Altona. The Latona was a sternwheeler, ninety feet 
 long, eighteen feet beam, and three feet six inches hold. Other additions to the 
 Columbia and Willamette fleet were the Luckiamute Chief, built at Portland, 
 Carrie Norton at Canemah, the Saranac at Waterford, and the steamer John 
 Nation, which came from Puget .Sound to Kalama by rail. The ,!/«(/ Hen was 
 the very appropriate name given a small sternwheeler built by the Dunhams 
 on the Coquille River and used on Heaver Slough, a tributary of that stream. 
 T e Mud Hen was thirty-two feet long and six feet l)eam, a few inches narrower 
 than the stream, and her route extended from the river to Toledo, a distance of 
 five miles, the shrublx'ry on both sides of the stream fonning a complete arch 
 the greater part of the distance. ICvery night the beavers would build numerous 
 dams across the diminutive marine highway, and Capta"i Dunham and his 
 nephew, Roliert J. Dunliani (at present master of the steam coaster Alice 
 lilanchard ), would wade out in their gum boots to remove the obstructions. 
 " What you need are locks instead of dams," suggested a pa.ssenger on a tri]) 
 when the tide had ebbed and left a very light depth of water in the slough. 
 
 CilAKLKH H. GKINWALIl 
 
 Cai'T. Mknbv Rati. I 
 
 "Don't mention it," retorted 
 
 "'Capt. Josepli Burgy coinnieiiceil steainhoatiiiK on the ColiitiMiin River about twenty years ago. He was mate ami niislerol 
 the uteamer Wnshinglitn from the lime she was l)uiU until she went to the Sound. He afterward look command of the < 'illiope. 
 which he handled on the I'orlland and Cascade route until llie new Miillnomah was built. While engaged on the latlcr su- iiiicr lie 
 was severely injured by a blow from a fender, which incapacitatefl him for work for several montlis. On his return to tlif nvcr lie 
 served as mate and inaKter of the lone with Capt. Wtlliani Buchanan, and for the past four years has Imd command of tlic / 'ndvic. 
 running to Vancouver. 
 
 "Capt. Charles H. Kellogg was born in Ohio in 1846, coming to Oregon with the family. He began steamboali' . nmler 
 Raughman on the Srnalnr. which he soon afterward coniniamled. retaining his position until the People's Transportation 1. • iinpaiiy 
 sob) out He piloted the first steamer through the locks after their completion, ami when the Willamette Transportation c . nipanr 
 came into existence became captain of the (Jm'ernor drover. He sul>se<|uently handled various boats for the Orcj;"" Steani 
 Navigation Company, and was a stockholder in the Joseph Kellogg Transportation Company. He was in charge of tli' Josipii 
 Ki'llogj; until his death, which occurreil August 7, 1S89. 
 
 " Capt. John H. Bonser was liorn in Washington Territory in 1S55, and steaniboateil on the Lewis River on the l.alon ■ in 187S. 
 He ran on tliis route for nearly ten years, commanding several different steamers. Kor the past three years he has been in iargr of 
 the Uiitlsou's Bay Company's steamer Citledoiiia on the .Skeeiia River, where he has made a good record as a swift-water 1 vij;ator 
 
Organization of Pacific Coast S, S. Co., Fierce Competition on Ocean Routes 
 
 261 
 
 Lord r.ennett, who was a frequent traveler on the line; "there are locks of my hair on every crab-apple tree 
 betwetii the Coquille and Toledo." The A/ud Hen was not a thing of beauty, but she cleared her owners an 
 avera);f of fifteen dollars per day and was a great convenience to the residents in that locality. 
 
 After an absence of nearly seven years, during which she had received over fifty thousand dollars in 
 sub.sidies, the handsome sidewheeler Olympia returned to Puget Sound in command of Captain Stothard. She 
 arrived at Victoria, July 9th, and, after making a few trips in that section, ran for a short time between Portland 
 and Sound points, and subsequently, in September, made several trips to Alaska. George S. Wright, her owner, 
 accompanied her north, but, failing to find so remunerative a business as the Olympia had enjoyed in her early 
 career, he sold her to the Hudson's Bay Company for $75,cxx). Her new proprietors 
 put her under the British flag, and, in command of Captain I<ewis, she commenced 
 running between Victoria and New Westminster in opposition to the Wilson G. 
 Hunt, which Capt. John Irving and A. S. Bates purchased in San Franci.sco in 
 February and started on the rojte in April. The presence of two such fine 
 steamers operating at low rates was an incentive to travel of which the public 
 promptly availed itself. The steamer Sir James Douglas, for many years a standby 
 for both the Government and the people of British Columbia, was put on the Puget 
 Sound mail route in July. P. D. Moore, the mail contractor, having failed and 
 deprived the Victorians of postal facilities. Captain Starr refu.sed to assist them 
 until the Government acceded to his terms, and, when a new contract was entered 
 into, the Douglas was relieved by the Isabel. The hand-sotne little steamer Woodside 
 was built at Sooke in 1878. She was eighty feet long, fifteen feet beam, and six 
 feet hold, and performed excellent service for many years between Victoria and 
 Sooke, beside towing and jobbing at Victoria. She was owned and commanded for 
 a long time by Captain Trenchard, with Michael Hare," engineer, but was wrecked 
 March 12, 1888. The Iris, a small propeller of about twenty tons burden, was built at Victoria in 1878 for 
 the Northwest Commercial Company, making her trial trip May 3d. A sternwheel steamer, the Spallamaclieen, 
 eighty-three feet long, » •^nteen feet beam, and five feet hold, was launched on Kamloops Lake, July 3d, for 
 the Kamloops Steam Navigation Company. She was built by A. Watson of X'ictoria for the Spallamacheen 
 River trade, and was equipped with a threshing-machine engine, which was very noisy. It was owing to this 
 fact, and probably, also, to a disinclination to attempt the pronunciation of her name in full, that the residents 
 along the lake and river called her the Noisy Peggy. Dease Lake, 
 in the Cassiar country, witnessed the advent of the .steamer Lady 
 i'f tin- Lake, launched in June by Capt. John McKen/.ie. She was 
 sixty feet long, thirteen feet beam, and five feet hold. The steatD^T 
 Josephine , a stern wheeler of about eighty tons burden, was set afloat 
 at .Seattle in 1878, and a week later the (iem was launched from 
 an adjoining yard. By a singular coincidence, both steamers met 
 their fate five years later at nearly the same time. The Gem was 
 built for Captain George W. Gove, '' who used her mostly for towing. 
 She was destroyed by fire off" Appletree Cove, February 7, 18S3, 
 and five people lost their lives (see wreck of steamer Gem, 1883). 
 The /osifiliiHe wan constructed for the .Skagit River trade by J. W. 
 .Smith at Lake's yard. North Seattle. Before she was completed, 
 J. J. Moss, who owned a half interest in the old steamer ll'eiia/, 
 purchased a similar share in the new boat and transferred to her 
 the engines and boilers of the W'enal. After a short time Capt. 
 
 Cai'T. J. V. Dunham 
 
 Cai't. Ckuriik \V. Oovk 
 
 " Michael Hare, etiKineer, was born in Ireland in 1847. He sailed fnr a 
 few years on tlie Atlantic Coast, and ill iS6S came around from New York 
 iliruuKli ihe .Straits of Ma);ellan as .seconil Miale on tile siliooiier .Sir U'allii 
 KiiUif;h. He then joined the steamship Ailiiv as (|uarterniaster, aflerwanl 
 niimiiij; on Uic Ciissie Tel/air about a year, and eighteen months on the l.iltle 
 iali/oiiiiti. He was secontf engineer on the tun /'Hot three years, and chief on 
 the W'lhhliijf four years and the /foheil i)iinsmuit Ivio years. In 1S87 he built 
 llie sluaincr liiiiiger and served as master of her for a time, but in the fall of 
 1S9J liti iiiuchinery was removed and placed in the fl/ary llare, Mr. Ilare is 
 also the ciwner of three barKes. 
 
 'Cnpt. (leorge \V. (^>ove was born in Maine in 1S3S, and, after sailinK on the Atlantic Coast and to various parts of the world 
 fiiraljiHii Itteiitv years, reached San Francisco as mate on lie ship Samosel, remaining with her in the ooastiiiK trade for seven 
 years, ,l'.irinj» six of which he was master. lie snhsecpieiitly ran for a short time on the Sacraiiieiilo Kix'er ami then went to the 
 Scmiiil. where he secureil the "teainer Cclilo in 1874, operating her a short time anil then purchasiiin the lUiuk Diamond from the 
 Tacoin.i Mill Company. He handled the latter steamer in the jobhiiiK traile for about a year ami then built the steamer f/cm, 
 "hicli lie ran four years on While River and other local routes. After the (uiii was destroved by lire he ciuistructed the steamer 
 ''//'(/(■. w'licli he put in the Skagit River trade. .After a year in coiiimaiid he retired and five years later sohl the steamer. In the 
 miaiitiiiir he constructed the steamer Cascades, which he operated on the Snohomish and Siioi|ualiiiie rivers for three seasons, 
 lie alsc. iinstructed the steamers May Queen and CI aner. In 1SN9 he disposed of his interests in the li/ide, Casrades, May Queen 
 anil (,l, jii,-r, and took charge of the Snoqualmie Hop Ranch, the largest in the world. 
 
 il 
 
 U 
 
 1. ;<■ 
 
 i 
 
 1'^ 
 
 1 -111 
 
 : n\< 
 
 
 if:? 
 
262 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Noriliwest 
 
 W. K. Mcrwin'" purchased the interest held by Moss, and Smith sold his share to C. P. Farrer. Merwin 
 subsequently purchased the other holdings and operated the steamer until Novenil)er, 1881, when he disposed 
 of her to J. B. Ball, Newton Hartman" and Fritz Dibton fcr $7,o<». Her boiler exploded January d, iHtiy, 
 killing eight iieople. The hull was comparatively uninjured and was repaired in March and purchased t>y Moraii 
 
 Brothers. They in turn disposed of her to 1). K. Howard of .Suakck, 
 who put the steaniei on the Snohomi.sh route in charge of N. I,. Rogers, 
 In 1891 she was purchased by M. I,. Lewis to run between Olympia 
 and Shelton (see wreck of steamer Josephine). 
 
 The Old Settler was the name of a cheaply constructed sluamiT 
 built at Olympia in 1878. Her owners l)ecanic involved in legal 
 difficulties, and .she soon pa.s.sed into the hands of Struvc. Haines & 
 IvCary, a firm of Seattle attorneys, who dispose-! of her to Cai)t. ,S. I', 
 Randolph. She ran as a towboat for a short time, and the machinery 
 was then removed and .sold to a Seattle printer. The hull drifted under 
 the wharves at Seattle, and sank. Other additions to the steam lleet 011 
 I'uget Sound were the Uruiiette, a small jiropeller which came from 
 San Francisco, and tlie Lady W'ashiiii^toii, brought down from Black 
 River to the Sound by the Seattle Coal Company. The James Mortie 
 was also taken from Lake Washington, and, after l)eing repaired. 
 commenced running on Hood's Canal. The tug Donald, after a .short 
 stay on the Sound, returned to San Francisco in July. The lighthouse 
 tender Shubriek was in charge of Captain Kort/ and Chief ICngineer 
 Cookson'-' this year. At Port Ludlow the following vessels were built 
 in 1878: barkentine tVi/Z/c/-//;*- .V«i/(/c«. 405 tons ; Hawaiian .schooners 
 IKa/>//«, sixty tons, l.iholulio, 122 tons, and I.uka, 122 tons; ami the 
 schooner Peerless, 232 tons, was launched at Coos Bay. Other marine craft constructed on the Sound, in addition 
 to tho.se previously mentioned, were the small steamer f/yaek and scow schooners /.ake, .Irk, Seliuabaclur, 
 Maggie, and the bark Parid lloadley, rebuilt at Port Gamble. The ship Majestic, Capt. John A. Hatfield," was 
 
 CATT. NKWTON llAKTMAN 
 
 
 '"Capt. W. K. Merwiii was born in Illinois in 1853. and moved to I'uget Sound in 1S7S. liis firat work being on llie steamer 
 lilla //'Ai'/c with Captain Smith. After a short time he went to the steanit-r I'lianlom, remaining two years. He was afterward 
 em|>lo.ve<l on sailing ves.sels lietwcen the Soun<l and San I'rancisco, ami then 
 purchased a one-half interest in the steamer Josepliine from J. J. Moss, running 
 with her as engineer for a short time. Later he HC(|uirrd the remaining interest 
 in the steamer and took connnand. He operated her for several years, and 
 sul>se(|uently constructed the .steamer //'. A. Merwin, which he ran for three 
 years and then sold to the Washington Transportation Comi>any. His next 
 steamer was the . // AV of I'tsalady, which he left to IniiUl the /;". W. I'linlv, 
 which he operated on various routes out of Seattle a'>out four years until she was 
 destroyed by fire. Captain Merwiu then relireil from the water anil has not 
 engaged in steamhoating siuce. 
 
 "Capt. Newton Ilarlnian was born in California in 1.S54, went to Paget 
 .Sounil a few years later, and in Novenilwr, iSMi, l>ecame interested in the steamer 
 Josephine with J. II, Ball and I'ritz Dibbou. After the loss of l\\e Joscp/iine he 
 was engaged in a number of other steamlmat ventures, and has recently been 
 connecicd with the CViin Afualonalil. He was on the L'i/y 0/ Staiiuvoit, inirned 
 January 10, 1S94, near I'ort Susan. Before going into the steamboat business, 
 Captain Ilartmau had navigate<l all portions of the Sound with canoes and small 
 sailing vessels. 
 
 "Krank Cookson, engineer, was born in Pennsylvania in 1S44. and in 1.S61 
 joined the steamer Oiartes A. Tliomns, in the transport service out of New York, 
 as third assistant engineer, his apprenticeship having l>een completed at the Krie 
 Kailronil shops ami the Delamater wrrks in New York. After remaining in this 
 service a short time he entered the employ of the Novelty Iron Works, ami while 
 there worked on the steamship Montana, then under construction. I'a iS69he 
 made the overland trip to San I-'raucisco, and shortly after his arrival joined the 
 steamship Onjtamme as second assistant and was soon aflerwanl ])romoted to first 
 assistant and chief, and while on Ilolladay's payroll occupied one of these posi- 
 tions on the Ajax, I'elican, liialio ami Ori:aha, <|uilting the first mentioned to 
 enter the lighthouse service, where he renudneil four years as chief engineer of 
 the Sliubriik. leaving her to accept a position on the lireboat (ioveinor Itivin. 
 Kighteen months later he resigned to become chief on the Cily 0/ ( lieslii; and 
 remained with the latter for nine years on the Alaska, Paget .Sound. Ilumlioldt 
 and other routes out of San I'rancisco. When the ( heaiiit ended the career of 
 the Cluster. Mr. Cookson joined the iiiolio and was with her as chief engineer 
 until she was wreckeil on Race Kocks. He subse(|uently returned to San Trail 
 Cisco, and almut a year ago joineil the steamer l'ro,i;reso, running to I'ananm. 
 
 '■■'Capt. John A. Hatfield of Seattle was born ill London in 1849, ami when a lad of fifteen left Liverpool asdeckbi'v on tile 
 ship Khlfi/islier, Imund for Hongkong, and from there came across to ,San l-'ranoisco ami llieuee to Honolulu, where the sln| liiaileil 
 for Liverpool, from Liverjiool young Hatfield went to Boston with the A'ini;fi.\/ier. where she was sold, ami he sliiupcil 
 mate on the ship Majestie. which saileil from Philadelphia to South American ports in 1S69. He remained with the .)/ii/('.(' ' 
 years, sailing all over the worlil ami rising from the position of third mate to that of master and part owner of the vis- 
 January 16, 1S7S, he arrived at San I'rancisco with the Jl/n/es/ie direct from Boston and placed her in the coasting traile. »' 
 has since sailed with almost clock-like regularity. After reaching lhi8con.st Captain Hatfield operated the Majestii until i^ 
 he soUl his interest in the ship and engaged in the mercantile business with W. K. Ballard, at the same time purchasiii 
 interest in the steamer Hepltyr, which Captain Hatfield occasionally commanded. The partnership with Ballard coiitiin 
 
 John A, (IatfikM) 
 
 tliinl 
 eleven 
 1, On 
 re silt 
 , when 
 I tliiril 
 1 until 
 
Organization of Pacific Coast S. S. Co. , Fiurce Competition on Ocean Routes 
 
 R. ^i 
 
 ''■(: 
 
 CAl'T. (iKORni-: \V. WiM)ii 
 
 enrolKil among the coasting vessels. The Paget Sound luml)er fleet was larger and the Colunil)ia River grain 
 fleet smaller than in 1877. Among the vessels in the former was the ship Ihvwii Ihvlhi-rs, which arrived at 
 Hostciii with the first cargo of ship spars and deck planking from the Pacific Coast. Forty-nine vessels, including 
 tweiitv four Itritisb ships and eighteen barks, four American ships and two barks, and one French bark, comprised 
 
 the Columbia River grain fleet. The smallest vessel was the French 
 
 j^; -—SO!- ^— — . |)nrk IWsidcnt Thiers, ,vji tons, the largest the Hriti.sh ship Cafie 
 
 * lireloit, 1,504 tons, which carried a cargo of 2,;,4,v> barrels of flour, 
 
 valued at |!io8,aoo. Twenty-seven of the vessels were over 1,000 
 tons register, fifteen over i,,ioo tons, and six over 1,41)0 tons. Among 
 them were the F.dith I.onif, /.iipalia, W. //, Hissi- and Shatliblatie, 
 ill after years wrecked near the mouth of the Columbia. Sliip|)ers in 
 1.S78 were: Ro<lgers, Meyer & Co. eight cargoes, George M. Ilowen 
 seven, Allen & I.*wis three, Corliett iS: Macleay three, J. McCrackeit 
 one, Henry Hewett & Co. two, J. M. Ten Hoscli one, Annuon Caspari 
 & Co. six. M. C. Moore one, Halfour, Guthrie iS: Co. nine, Salem Flour 
 Mills Company two, W. S. Sib.son three, C. J. Theobald one, owners' 
 account, Ainerican ships I'reeman Clark and licllr of Oregon. 
 
 An attempt to break Captain Flavel's pilotage monopoly was 
 made in 187.S by Bar Pilots F;ric Johnson, Thomas Doig, M. I). Staples 
 and Thomas Masters, who operated the schooner Reseiie on the bar. 
 Capt. George W. Wood was taken in afterward, but the coniix;tition 
 was short-lived. The Keseiie, a fast sailer of seventy-two tons burden, 
 w.is built by Matthew Turner" at a cost of $8,000. When she was 
 taken off" the bar. Masters, who was at that time pilot on the (.ireal 
 Republie, found a buyer, and, giving his place 011 the steamship to 
 Doig, sailed south with her to Cocos Island in search of the treasure 
 suppo.sed to Ix; buried there. Finding nothing, she departed for 
 Co.sta Rica, where she was sold to the Government. The Hriti.sh 
 Columbia pilots were operating the schooner Caroline, sailed by Capt. John Thompson." 
 
 Two mysterious disasters were reported in 1.S78. The ship (irace Dar/ing, coal-laden from Nanaimo for 
 San Francisco, with a crew of eighteen men, sailed from Victoria. January ,^d. She was sighted for the last time, 
 January 18th, by the .\felanithon, and was at that time hove to in a heavy gale. The g;'iieral supposition is that 
 she foundered before the crew had an opjiortunity to e.scaiie, but no 
 wrecka){e was ever found. A similar fate l)efell the steam tug Cor- 
 ddiii, which sailed from San Franci.sco, January lyth, for the Coquille 
 River. No tidings of the vessel were received until March ijtli, when 
 the hull was discovered bottom up on the west coast of Vancouver 
 Island. None of the bodies of the unfortunate crew were ever recov- 
 ered, and the manner in whiih they met their death will never be 
 known. The American bark AVwi,' Philip, Capt. .\. W. Keller, frcmj 
 San Francisco for Port Gamble in ballast, was wrecked January 25tb. 
 Slie was towed out of San F'rancisco, and after the tug east off" the 
 
 after till- liig liri', and then Ciiplnin Ilatlielcl Iv.isi'il tlif <1uck nliicli now beiirs liis 
 iiamr and conliniifd nianii>>inK it until itS^.), durinte tlmt time acting as i\^vn\. for 
 the ll.ivliaii A'e/>H/i/ii, .Sf. I'aiil. and other ocean steanisliiiis, as well a.i the 
 Sninil steamers of the racilio Navigation Companv, the .Mullnotiiah, MoHliccilo, 
 .lhei;l,,n, l.yilii) Thompsitn, htiiiul llilli\ II'. h. .I/«;;i<)r and otiiers. 
 
 "Matthew Turner, sliijihtulder, was born in Ohio in iSj.s. He arrived on 
 the riicilic Coast on the sliip J/ii; 1 . Inn in 1850, and, after spending three years 
 ill the mines. ImuKht the schooner ToroHlo and eiiKaKPil in the Iniiiher trade for 
 two yt.;irs, snl>se(inently selling her and relnrniiif! ICast, where lie hoiif;ht the 
 sihoniiir l.oiiis Iviry, which he ImiUKlit out through the Straits of Magellan and 
 sailed iMit of San I'ranciBco four years. After disiiosiiiK of her he URain went Hast 
 anil purchased the hrij; 7'iiiiani/ra. After her advent on the Pacific Coast he ran 
 for sevi ral years in the coilfishiiiK traile, and suhseipieiitly enxaK^d in nierchan- 
 ilisinn and tra<liiiK at Tahiti. lie then went to ICnreka and constructed the tirig 
 Xitit/i us, which lie operated in connection with the Tiiiiamlrti in the Tahiti trade. 
 The .\aiililiis proved a remarkably ({ood sailer as well as an excellent carrier, 
 ami SCI iiiconraxed Mr. Turner that lie iniinediately ennaxed in the shipbuihling 
 husiiii>s. Since that time he has bnilt scores of line ami fast coasting vessels. 
 
 Capt. John Tlionip.son <if Victoria, II. C, was born in Liverpool. Knglanil, in 1.S49, and coniinenced his maritime life on 
 thclini; .l/ciofit', plyinff between Liverpool and Baltic seaports. .After following his vocation in various parts of the world for several 
 ye.-irs iir .irrived 111 New York in i,S62, and sailed out of thai port on deep water ships until |S6^, when lie joined the I'liiteil Slates 
 Kiiiibi.r l\tllaf>oiKii, remaining with her until the close of the war. lie then went to China and en^aKed in coasting; init of Oriental 
 |)orts t r two years, leaviiu; there for a voyage to l{n){laiid, thence to New York, where he joineil tile ship l'alf>iii,iisi> in 1S75 and 
 raiiie i i San Francisco, 'rlic next two years were sncnt on the steamship I'tinania as ipiartermaster and thinl mate. In 1S7S he left 
 the /'(■ una and went to Victoria, where lie secured a special license, having cliarKe of the pilot-boat Caiolinn for six months, and 
 siil«ei| 1 ntly taking out the regular pilot's license for the district of Ilrilish Columbia. For the past sixteen years he has followed 
 h;scal! tin, always enjoying success and free<Iu om accidents. 
 
 CAI'T. Jt»n> Thomis^on 
 
 'il 
 
 I;, If. 
 
 vij 
 
 I I 
 
264 
 
 Lewis <f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 wind died out, and she drifted toward the Iwach. Hoth anchors were let go, but the heavy sea parted tlie 
 chains, and she went high and dry a mile and a linlf south of the Cliff House. The wreck was sold as it lay 
 for $1,050. The Oregon clipper WesUrn Shore was caught in a similar predicament at the same time, her master 
 losing his life by a falling spar, but the ves.sel was re.scucd by the tug /iichard Holyoke, Capt. John T. Coiiiiicic. 
 She was not so fortunate a few months later, for July 1 ith, while en route from .Seattle with a cargo of coal, she 
 struck on Duxbury Reef and went to pieces in short order. At the time of the accident the clip|>er was speeding 
 before a strong wind, making twelve knots an hour, and when she grounded the entire bottom on the port side 
 went out, the coal cargo slipping into the sea through the aperture. The Western Shore had previously had 
 several hairbreadth escapes, and though she pos.ses.se(l great s|)eed and enormous carrying capacity was never 
 regarded as a lucky ship. Capt. A. M. Simpson, who owned one-half uf the vessel, had his portion insured for 
 $2.S,ouo, and Capt. J. W. McAllep carried an insurance of $6,000 on his one-eighth .share. As soon as the vessel 
 struck. Captain Hotchki.ss and the crew took to the boats and were picked up by the tug Wizard. 
 
 The Americaii bark Osmyn, Capt. C. S. Simpson, from .Seattle for San Francisco with eight hundred and 
 eighty tons of coal, at ,^:oo a. m. on January luth collided with the burk Aureola, Captain Malgram, near Puiiit 
 Marrowstone. The weather was thick, with strong southeast squalls. The Osmyn was struck on the starlward 
 bow and .sank in thret! minutes, the cook, steward and one seaman tasing their lives. The eight survivors 
 climbed aboard the Aureola. The ves.sel was valued at $2o,o<k) and was owned by Capt. Samuel Hlair of San 
 Francisco, who also owned the Aureola. The Anterican barkentine /•/<•<• Trade, three hundred and forty tons, 
 Capt. J. O. Merriman, from Port Townsend for Sydney with a cargo of lumber, s|>rang a leak during a heavy 
 southeast gale, October 21st, and became water-logged, stranding .shortly afterward near ^uillibute Rocks. The 
 crew remained aboard for four days with nothing to eot, the seas breaking; clear over the vessel. They fiimlly 
 abandoned her and with difficulty reached shore, only one life being lost in the attempt, that of Albert Thompson, 
 seaman. The vessel was twelve years old and was valued at $io,oix). The Hriti.sh .ship Cilv 0/ Dublin, eight 
 hundred and fourteen tons, was wrecked on Clatsop Spit, near the mouth of the Columbia, October i8th. She had 
 made a rattling passage of forty-nine days from Fort Chalmers, New /.ealand, and, approaching the muuth of the 
 Columbia in the darkness and thick weather, came in too close, and a sudden shift of wind prevented her from 
 getting away from the land. The anchors were dropped, but the chains parted, and she drifted on the l)each. 
 The weather was comparatively calm, and, when an unsuccessful attempt was made to float her two weeks later, it 
 was found that she had made less than five feet of water. As she could not be haule<l ofl"she was disinaiiticd, and 
 the hull remained in the sand for many years. The City 0/ Dublin was valued at 1140,000 and was in command of 
 Capt. David Steven at t!.e time of the disaster. The schooner Phil Sheridan was run down and sunk l)y tlie 
 steam.ship .4//fo« during a thick fog, .Septeml)er 15th, about fifteen miles off the Uniptiua bar. The crew were 
 saved by the A neon. The schooner Paa/ir was abandoned, January 3otii, off the California coast, and the crew 
 were rescued and taken to San Francisco by the A'. A', //am. The hull of the vessel afterward went ashore on 
 Vancouver Island. The bark h'edar, from Burrard's Inlet for Mellwurne, was abandoned off the Friendly Islands. 
 May 18th, the crew escaping on a raft. The steamer Reaver, built on the Willamette .several years before, was 
 wrecked on the Stickeen River at -j-.i-io A. m.. May 1 7th. In command of Capt. Nat H. Lane, Jr., she was bound for 
 Wrangel, Alaska, and at a point about sixty miles below Glenora struck a rock. With the exception of her 
 machinery, which was saved in fair condition, she became a total loss. The accident was caused by the failure of 
 the gong to sound the signal to back. The American ship John Jay, built in 1821 and honored .several years later 
 by having as a pas.senger the Mar(|uis de I,a Fayette when he visited America, put back to Fort Town.seiul twice in 
 l.>S78 leaking so badly that crews eventually refused to go to .sea with her. The steamer Wenat was sunk on the 
 Skagit River in March, the A. A. A/iCiilly on the Willamette in June, the steamer Union l)urned on the I''ra.ser 
 July 29th, the Ohio sank at Clackamas Rapids in October, the Almota near John Day's in December, and the 
 5. T. Church in Gervais Slough a few months later. With the exception of the Wenat all the sunken steamers 
 were raised and repaired. 
 
 , The death roll for 1878 included several well known old-timers. Capt. John Co.sgrove was accidently 
 killed at Port Klakely, February 9th, aged forty-seven years. T. J. Win.ship, for many years chief engineer of the 
 Shubrick and afterward lampist for the Pacific Coast lighthouse service, died in ,San F'rancisco, March ^\M. aged 
 fifty-one years. Daniel W. Lowell, who came to the Coast on the Massachusetts and was pur.ser on the Lot 
 Whitcomb, Enterprise and a number of pioneer steamers, passed away, September 2d, in the same city. There 
 also Captain Johnson, formerly of the Ori~aba and other northern steamships, started on the long voyage 
 Decemlier 31st, and Capt. A. G. Jones, of the steamship Salvador, September 23d. Walter Moffatt, owner ot the 
 bark Edward James and other ves.sels, died at sea in June, 1878, while en route from Honolulu to Tahiti. Capt. 
 Granville N. Hlinii, of the ship Western Shore, was killed by the parting of a hawser on .San Fraiicisio bar, 
 January 25th. Capt. C. X. Nisson, of the schooner Lizzie Madison, was drowned at Yaquina Biiy, Februarv i8th. 
 Capt. John Martin, of the ship Dashing Wave, died in Tacoma, August 24th. He was a native of Rocklaml, Me., 
 and sailed four years on the Samoset. 
 
»' " il 
 
 chapt1':r XIII. 
 
 Loss oi' TiiK vStkamshii' "Grhat Rhithi.ic " — Akrivai. ok thk "Orkc.on" ani> thk " Statk op 
 Cai.ikoknia " — Okkc.on Railway it Navication Company Si-cckkds tiik Orkcon Stkam 
 Navigation Company— Ni'mkrous Smai.i, Stkamkrs Huii.t on tim! Coi.umiiia- Thk " Okokc.k K. 
 Starr" and "Cashiar" Launciikd at Skatti.k — List op Stkamkrs Rkc.istkrki) in tiik I'i'ckt 
 Soi'Ni) District in 1H79— Tiik " Wkstkkn Si.oi-k " and Dtiihr Hritisii Commiiia Stkamkrs— 
 Ship " Olymits " Himi.t at Skadkck — Skatti.k Coai. Fi.kkt— I.o.ss op tiik " Marmion " and 
 Othkr Sailing Vk.sski.s— Northern Paciiic Stkamkr "Frkdiirick K. Hillings" Tiik Okhc;on 
 Railway & Navigation Company's Imr.st Stkamkr, tup ' Ma.ssai.o "— Cods Hay Stkamkrs— 
 Stkamship "Columiiia" Arrivks on thk Coast — Tiik "William Irving" and " Pkkri.kss " — 
 Licknskd Oppickks in Pugkt Soi'nd District— NrMPRors Additions to tiik Stkamkr Fi.kkt on 
 Pl'gkt Sound— CoLtiMPiA Rivkr Grain Fi.kkt— Wrkck op tiik " Diliiarrii:, ' " Gknkrai. Coiiii," 
 "David Hoadlkv," "Joskph Pkrkins," "Thrashbr," " Gr.ssiK Tki.pair," and Othkr Wkll 
 Known Vkssrls. 
 
 '^ OR TMH few months of its existence, Pierre B. CornwaH's opposition steamship line 
 was a very prominent factor in the transportation bnsiness on the I'ortland and San 
 Francisco route, hut the enterprise came to an abrupt termination early in 1879 when the 
 (inal A'rfiiifi/u- was wrecked on Sand Island, at the mouth of the Columbia. The immense 
 business handled by the .steamer the preceding year, instead of lessening, gave promise of 
 increasing, and in charge of Capt. James Carroll and ('hief Engineer J. Mutton she sailed 
 ^ from San PVanci.sco on her last trip .\pril i6th, with 550 cabin and ,^46 steerage pa.ssengers. 
 She arrived off the Columbia bar at midnight, and the weather .seemed so favorable 
 that it was decided to enter at once iiisteatl of waiting for daylight. This decision was fatal to 
 the old China liner, and within an hour she had made her last port, grounding on Sand Island. 
 to l)e lei.surely knocked to pieces two days later. The steamer struck so lightly that but few 
 of those aboard knew of the accident at the time, and all were confident of soon being again afloat. Unfortunately 
 the steamer grounded at nearly high tide, and the iie.xt tide was so small that she could not float off. Her weight 
 had also severely strained the hull and di.sarraiiged the machinery, the injection pijjcs breaking when the sea fell, 
 and the feed and bilge pumps also refusing to work, permitting the water to gain rapidly when the tide again 
 flooik-d, and giving the rising waves a full sweep at the hou.se and upper works. When the .steamer failed to get 
 away on the first tide, Cai)tain Carroll decided to send his ])asseiigers ashore. The crew and a few who still 
 tempted fate remained aboard and were afterwprd rowed to the island, no .iccident hap|>ening until the last 
 boatload moved away from the wreck at i(i:^o a. m. on the twenty-first. A very heavy sea was rniining, and, in 
 eiuk-avoring to keep the boat properly headed, First Officer Lennon broke the steering oar by putting too much 
 strain upon it, and, before he could regain control, the craft was caught by a breaker and capsized, instantly 
 throwing all of the men into the water. Three of them were fortunate enough to reach the island in safety, but 
 First Officer H. Lennon, William Jolin.son, J. Conner, Thomas McAvoy, vSamnel McMurray, Frank Scott, Albert 
 Hiltmi, Charles Muretz, Frank Mallory, Charles Bird and James McDermitt were drowned. In the investigation 
 whiili followed, the following statements were made by the parties directly concerned in the management of the 
 ship After te.stifying that he had placed the .steamer in charge of Pilot Doig at the automatic buoy at 1 2:30 a. m. 
 on April 19th, Captain Carroll .said : 
 
 " There was not h ripple on tin- water, ami we raine over the liar iiinler a .slow l)ell all llie way, crossing in safety anil reacliinK 
 the ilI^i(le liuoy. The first anil tliiril ollicerH were oil the lookout with nie. I hail a pair of glasses anil was the first to itiscover Sani! 
 Islau 1 and found the lieariiigs all right. I reported it to the pilot, who as yet had not seen it. We ran along prohahly two minutes. 
 
 U . t 
 
 :i 
 
 ! r, 
 
266 
 
 Lewit <f Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 ■ml I then told the pilot that I thouxht we were K'tt'llK too cIom to the iHlatid anil that he hail l)etter haul her up. lie repljecl, ' i 
 iln not think we are in Tar enouKh.' A minute later I Mid. * Port your helm and put it hard over, ii» 1 think yon are Ki'tliiiK ><"> iit'ar 
 the iHljiiid.' lie made no reply, hut rnii alonK for alxmt live niiiiiitm mid then put the helm lianl a-porl, mid the vcmic-l svmmiu >i|>. 
 heading toward Aiitoria, liut llieehli tide caUKlit her on the ntarliourd liow, and. lieiuK "o iitiir the iainiid, Kent her on tlif •,y\:, sIk 
 went on >o liKhtly that only a few knew of the accident, Init a» the liile wait falliiiK we had no chiiiice to >(et the viiuiel ofTih ii iii){|it. 
 The next tide waa u aiiiall one, and we could do nothing, and aa the liarometer whh fHlliiiK. inillcatinK a Htorni, I nenl Mr IVcli, ihr 
 puner, to I'ort Cantiy for anaiatance. The U\\(» /ItfM/iiim and (aii/iy arrived, followed aooii afterward liy tile .Shufiriii unl ilif 
 Colnmhia. With the aid of Huiall hoatathe paaseiiKera were Irnnnferred to these Hteainern and taken to AHtorin, the llrtnhum iiiiikiiiK 
 two tri|>*. The entire crew rnnained on hoard, anil I made arranKenienla with Captain I'lavel to have three Iuk" there at lii^li liile 
 In the meantime the ciew waa at work diacharKinK eoal in an efTurt tii lixhten llu veuel. At S:iio r. M a iiouthweat Kale Mmlcil in. 
 makiiiK a heavy aea, chopping to aoutheast alwut midnight. I'p to lliia time the ship was IviiiK eaay and inakiiiK no walcr, Init the 
 heavy aeu prevented the tu^a from rendering aaaiatance and alao drove her liiKher on the spit, and aliortly after niidiiiKhl hIu- liej{nii 
 to work, hreakinx the steam pipes and diaaoliii); the I'liKines. The few remaining passeUKcrs were put aahore on Sand NliindRt 
 6:iKi A. M. on Sunday, and were followed hy the crew, the ship lommencinK to lireak up, sn that it was dan^erons to remain mi lumnl. 
 The last lioal left the ship at io:.v> A. M., and in KettiuK away the steeriuK oar liroke and the lioat caiisi/ed, drouninK elevtii nf the 
 fourteen men it contained. Aliout the same time a heavy sea tHMrded the ship and carried away the staleriMims on the st.irlioanl 
 side, Kutted the dininK-room, hroke up the floor of the social hall, and carried auay the piano. Several seas afterward bounlcil her 
 forward and carried away the starlraard ^nard, officera' room and steeraKe deck, also a nnmlier of horaea. I remaineil on lioanl until 
 S:iiu I'. M., when the pilot and myself lowered a lifehoat and came ashore." 
 
 Tbotnas Doig, the bar pilot who had charge of the .ship at the time of the disaster, testified as follows : 
 
 " I took charge of the ship at the automatic hnoy at i}:3ii A M. It was a starliKht iiiitht, and I had no doubt aliniit keeping 
 the course and f^ettniK in all right. After taking charge I headed her for the liar, whicii I crossed in safely at 12:55 a .m. I 
 kept the lead Koing constantly from the time I took charge, and after getting across the liar I put the ship under a alow hell and ran 
 her that way until she grounded. After crossing the har I took my course for the middle of Sand Island with a bright luukout 
 ketit. Captain Carroll reported Sand Island to me, and I answered him and said, ' That's all right.' He then said, ' Port yonr 
 helm, Doig ; she is getting too near the island ' I answered. ' I don't think she is far enough in from two to four minutes.' 
 Alraut that time I sighted Sand Island and put her helm hard over, she answering her helm and coming up on her course, lirailiiiK 
 east northeast ; but iiiimediHtely on getting her on her course she brought up on the spit with her port bilge. l)n her starbuarii 
 
 ipiarler I had five fathoms by the lead, ami 
 the only reason I can give for the disa.^ter 
 is that, when I took charge of the vcs.sel, I 
 (lid not figure on the ebb lieiiig so striiiiK. 
 I knew the tide had lieen ebliing for at 
 least all hour and a half, but hail iin fear 
 as to her not having water enough, us she 
 was drawing but seventeen feet, and I 
 knew there was plenty of water for that 
 draught at that stage of the tide. The 
 ship working under a slow liell, and the 
 ebb tide striking her on the starboard 
 quarter, had set her down for at least a 
 quarter or a half mile from where I 
 thought I was on my course. When she 
 brought up on the spit her headway was 
 so slow that the jar was hardly noliicahle 
 by those who were standing 011 deck, anil 
 both the captain and myself thoUKlii slic 
 would go oil at the next high tide " 
 
 On arriving at Astoria the 
 pa.sseiigers published a card in the 
 papers thanking; Captain Carroll 
 and his officers. Captain Korlz and 
 I'jigiiieer Cookson of the Slmhick, 
 and the officers and crews of the 
 sti AMhiiir DRu.iiN U\%& BrenliaiH, Columbia and Giiitial 
 
 Canby, for their heroic work. The Canby, Capt. W. P. Whitcoinb, was the first steamer to arrive at the .scene 
 of the disaster and rendered exceptionally good service. The Liltli- California, Captain Thorn, with Hughes 
 brothers, purser and freight clerk, took the passengers to Portland, and these officials gave all the as.sistaiicc in 
 their power. The Great Rel>ublic wdA instired for #50,000 and the cargo for $25, «». She carried 1,051; tons of 
 freight, valued at $75,000. The wreck and cargo were .sold by Capt. George l-'lavcl for the underwriters to 
 Jackson & Meyers for $1,280 and $2,500 respectively. The purchasers organized a company known as the 
 Great Republic Wrecking Company, taking in as partners \V. S. Sib.son, W. S. Kinney and J. H. I). Gray, who 
 secured considerable plunder from the stranded ves.sel, which soon broke up. On the twenty-second the maiiiiiiast 
 and foremast went by the board, and the following day one hundred feet of the liow broke off and swung on tlie 
 beach. Seven of the twenty-seven horses on board reached the island. May 2d the entire hull aft ol the 
 walking-beam broke away and disapi)eared. The huge walking-beam and wheels remained in view for many 
 years, affording a target for the gunners stationed at Fort Canby ; and at extreme low tide portions oi the 
 wreck are still visible on what is now called Republic Spit. The result of the inspectors' inquiry was the 
 suspension of Captain Carroll's license for six months and of Doig's for one year. Carroll promptly appciled 
 to the Supervising In.spector and had no difficulty in securing a reversal of the decision and in having his liniise 
 restored. The press and public also exonerated him from all responsibility for the deplorable accident. 
 
 The loss of the Great Republie deprived Portland of the largest steamship that has ever entereii the 
 Columbia, but le.ss than a month after the big sidewheeler went to pieces two elegant modern-built propellers were 
 in operation between San Francisco and Portland. The first of these, the Oregon, sailed from New York, c.illiiig 
 at Rio Janeiro and Valparaiso, and arrived at Portland, April 22d, making the voyage in sixty-five days ain! lour 
 
Modern Propeller Stvamships Appear, Oregon Railway 4 Navigation Company Incorporated 
 
 267 
 
 hours She came out in charge of Capt. FronciM Conner and Chief KuKinecr J. C. Hcnderiton Capt. 
 K. S Acklcy ' and Patrick Friel ' alno l>t;ing ineniliers of tlie crew, iind Imnight tliirty-foiir through pn.ssciigi-rM and 
 iwciit) from \'alparoiso. On her second trip from San I'roncisco to Portland she carried three hnndred passengers 
 and oil iier third three hundred and fifty. Conner was succeeded in command hy Kdward i'olemanii, who has 
 reniniiK'd in charge of the steamship since 1K80, making regular trips on the Portland route until 1X94, when the 
 (V(y< " was laid off and has since l)een used only as an extra steamer. 
 .\(lam W. Klierle ' has l)een chief engineer since the death of A. (lilmore, 
 mA T. \. Porter' was among those serving as first a.ssistants. In 1HH6 
 she rt'ieived )]!li2,,six> salvage for towing the disabled steamship Stale 0/ 
 California into the Columhia. In Decendwr, i.SHcj, while eii route from 
 Fortl.iiid to Astoria in charge of River Pilot I'ease, she ran down and 
 s.iiik iliv British ship Clan Macken-ie, sustaining damages amounting 
 to several thou.sand dollars. The Oregon is two hundred and eighty- 
 three fvel long, thirty-seven feet six inches beam, and twenty-three feet 
 six inrlies hold, with engines thirty-.six and sixty by fifty-four inches ; 
 tonnage, 1,642. The new .steamship State of California, built for the 
 I'ncific Coast Steamship Company, reached San Francisco, May 8, 1879, 
 fifty-nine and one-half days from Philadelphia, her actual running time 
 l)einK fifty days and twelve and one-half hours. She came out in charge 
 of J. M. I,aclilan, captain ; Thomas Huntington, first oflicer ; Gustav 
 Keiclunann, ' .second oflicer ; C. N. Ooodall, third officer ; J. A. Jones, 
 cliicf engineer; H. Mcl<ellan, purser ; G. VV. Kdwards, .steward. I. W. 
 Wood," at present a well known engineer, wos also one of her crew, 
 and \V. K. Maitlaud' afterward served as first a.ssistant for .several 
 years. She arrived at Portland, May 25th, with Gerard Debney," 
 captain ; John Fields, first officer ; Gustav Reiclimann, .second officer ; 
 
 'Cnpt. 11. S. Arklvy was liorii in Knat IIh<IiIhiii, Conn., ami Iih.s Ikfii mnster 
 of ocean vessels for over forty years. He ran on the Atlantic Coast until 1H78, wlien Aham W. Kukri k 
 
 lie ciiiiie out as tliinl officer of the slcanisliip Oregon, returning nn<l inalcinK a 
 
 similar voyage with tlic Columbia 11s secoixl ollicer. In i88.^ he was sent Kasl to take charge of the new steamer {>l\in/<ian, which 
 he brought to the Pacific Coast, uiid was sulwequently master of the steamship dioige II'. Rhlrr four years, KoiuK from her to the 
 steamships Ahioh, .Wexieo and (Jueen. Vox the past seven years he has Iweii in cliarnc of the «leanisliip Slule of Cah/ornio. 
 
 ■ Patrick I-'riel, engineer, was horn in Ireland in 1H65 and commence<l his marine service as a coal-pas.ser on the steamship 
 Dakolit when she first visited the I'acific Coast. lie returned to the Atlantic and sailed out of New York until 1.S77, and again 
 started west on the steamship (Oregon, remained three years and then went hack to come out on the steamship \l\illa \l ala, wliicli 
 lie left to accept a position ashore in Mexico. I'rom there he went to the .Snake River, where he was engaged as nie> lianical 
 engineer on the Northern I'acific bridge at .\inswortli, and two years later to San I'rancisco, where he joined the steamship San 
 ll'tn, siil)se(pieiitly leaving her for the San Juan, on which he served three years as second assistant ard afterwanl held a similar 
 position for two years on the Oregon. Since then he has been first assistant on the steamers l)ai.\r A'inihill uui\ (ii.s/ii;, and is 
 still connected with the latter vessel. 
 
 ' Adam W. Kberle, engineer, was horn in New York City in iSji, and began on the Pacific Coast as oiler on the sidewheel 
 steamer . Ihiska, running to I'anama, going from her to the steamers China and (ieorgie, on the same route, and was also on the 
 Datii/ti, running from San I'rancisco to Victoria. When the steamship Oregon came out he accepted a position on her as oiler and 
 worked his way up to that of chief engineer, which he now holds, 
 
 ' T. A. Porter, engineer, was born in Pennsylvania in 1S44, and came to the Pacific CoiLst in iShy. joined the tug Monterey at 
 Ihi Mare Island Navy Yard, and was connected with her at intervals for seven years, lie lelt the water to engage in mining after 
 this, and on his return entered the Pacific Mail service on the steamship .llaska. He sul)sei|Ueiitly ran north as first assistant on 
 the steamship Oregon and as chief on the Idaho. .\t present he is serving on the steamship .Sii« lllas out of San I'rancisco. 
 
 Capt. CiUstav Keichmann was horn in Germany in iS^g, and began going to sea on the ship F. f ll'iehelhansen when a boy. 
 He continued on sailing vessels until 1H65. when he secured a iiosition as first otVicer in the North tferman Mnyil Steamship Line. 
 and live years later was appointed master of the steamship //(»;hi(«. He was afterward ca])tain of the .I/.(/«(' in the same line, 
 leaving her in |S;8 to go to the Pacific Coa.st as third olTicer of the steamship .Slate of dili/ornia, on which he shortly afterward 
 liecaiiic lirst olTicer. He was sub.se(pienlly mate anil master of the steamship t'l/r ol I'he.'iler, and in iSSi or iS,Si joined the stcamsliip 
 i'ittoihi, on which he ran until Novenilier. I.S.Sj. at which time she was lost near Port Orford. He then retired from the water for a 
 few years, returning for a short time to serve as third oflicer of the steamship Oregon ami first otlicer of the steamships George II'. 
 lililei and .Mailtina;i\ For the past three years he has been managing a school of navigation at Seattle and .San I'rancisco. 
 
 • 1 W. Wood, engineer, was born in Pennsylvania in i.Ss^, and came to the Pacific Coast with the steamship .Stale of 
 t\ili/''niiii ill i,S79, remaining with her as oiler and water-tender for two years, and then serving on the steamship .Senator as second 
 assistant engineer for a few mouths. He then went Ivast and returned as thinl assistant <Mi the ijiteen of Ihe Paei/ie. .After leaving 
 her lif was seconil assistant of the .Stale ol California (m two years, lirst assistant of the sieamship .S'i;« I'ahio until she was «recke<l 
 on the China coast, chief of the steam schooner /(7f<// for nearly two years, and then joineil the .S,in I'edio as first assistant and held 
 the )HKition of chief when she was wrecked near Victoria. He was appointed chief engineer of the steamship .San Itenilo in 
 I'ebni.iry, 1,^92, and is still in charge. 
 
 ' W. K. Maitland, engineer, was born at Kail River, Mass., in 1.S44, and commenced his marine service in 1.S62 as oiler on 
 Fall River steamers, afterward serving for several years ashore in the Kail River Line shops He reached the Pacific Coast in 186.S 
 and wiirked for a year in the railroad shops at Sacramento and in other positions until 1S78, when he entered the employ of the 
 I'aciii, Coast Steamship Company as oiler 011 the .Uohongo, going from her to the .Slate of California, where he remained lor live 
 anil .\ lialf years and reached the position of first iLssistant. He left the .Slate to take a similar billet on the Santa Rosa. Three 
 years later he was appointed chief of the l.os .Ingeles and remained with her until about three years ago, when he secured his 
 presriu position in charge of the engines of the Corona. 
 
 Capt. (lerani Dehuey was born in Knglaiid in 1S38, and Ijcgan .sailing between .Atlantic ports when a Imy. His first 
 expen nee in the steamship business in the Northwest was on the old Columbia in 185S, running north from San Krancisco, and, 
 with ii<e exception of a short time while he was employed on sailing vessel.s, he has remained in the steamship service. After the 
 SUili- / Cali/ofnia arriveil from the Kasl, he ran her 011 the Portland and San I''rancisco route for several years, leaving her about 
 seven wars ago to take command of the Cilj' 0/ /'uebla, with which he is still coiinecteil. 
 
 1 '? 
 
 11" 1 
 
 III 
 
 if ' , 
 
 >i' 
 
a68 
 
 Lewii 4 Oryden'i Marine Hiatory of the Pacific Northwett 
 
 Sri-.AMSMII' "HTATH (IF CAMfoHNIA ' 
 
 m 
 
 hi 
 
 William Thotcher, third officer ; J. Joneii, chief cnKineer ; H. WiNon, fi.st n»sintniit ; M. M. Iltickmnii. imrstr 
 Dehney riiiinincd in coiniiiaiul until iHHH, whi-n he wn» succeeded l>y Capt. H S. Ackley. In April, iHsi, tin. 
 steamer was in collision with the linrkentine /^jrlliinJ, sustaiuinK |1|(>,<kx) dama|{e. S<H)n after this she l>iiiki' a 
 shaft forty miles south of the Colnmhin Kiver. and in iH(;<> met with a Nimilar accident. The S/atf o/ Cnii/onii,, 
 is a duplicate of a vessel purchased from the Pacific Coast Steamship Company by the Russian (lovtriiimiii. 
 She is three hundred and seven feet long, thirty-seven feet lieam, and twenty six feet hold, with engines forty two 
 and seventy-three hy fifty-one inches. 
 
 The steamship .S7. /'ait/ visited Portland in October, 1H79, with Oen. V. S. Grant and party, thin on a 
 tour of the world. The ,S/. Pau/ was in charge of M. C. Krskine, captain ; \V. laskine, first officer ; H. M. I ! utiles, 
 second officer ; I,. Cox, chief eiiKinecr ; Thomas Hayes, first assistant. The .steanwhip wa.s owned by the Alaska 
 Commercial Company, and was a handsome little pro|)eller, two hundred and twelve feet Iouk, thirty-one feet lieam, 
 
 and seventeen feet hold, with engines 
 twenty-four and forty-two hy thirty- 
 six inches. The steamship .'//f'liiWc; 
 /'««(■(!«, a ,VJ<>-t"" twin-screw vessel, 
 owned l>y R. I). Hume of San l"ran- 
 ci.sco, came north in July, iS7(|, in 
 c jminand of Capt. James Carroll, and 
 commenced ruunin>; in the ccmstin|{ 
 trade north and .south from the Colnni- 
 Ilia River, K(>i"K '" Slioalwaler Day, 
 (iray's Harhor, N'icloria, Nanaiiuo, 
 I'ort Townsend and Suat:!e, and also 
 making a monthly trip to T'laniouk, 
 Ya(|uina, Siuslaw, Umpqtiu, Coos Hay 
 and Rogue River. Steamships plying 
 to Victorio and I'UKet Sound [Kirts 
 during the year were the .iltiskii. Cap- 
 tains Morse and Seabury ; Califoniia, 
 Captain Thorn ; City of Chester, Captain Mackie ; Dakota, Captain Morse ; Empire, Captain McAUep ; an<l 
 Victoria, Captain Hay ward. The latter was the old steamship liolivar, which had lieen cut in t.vo and 
 lengthened eighty feet, making her dimensions : length, two hundred and ninety-eight feet ; beam, twenty-nine 
 feet; depth of hold, twenty feet. She arrived at Victoria on her first trip March 19th in command of Captain 
 Lyons, formerly of the Prince Al/red. She was owned by Goodall, Nelson & Perkins, and continued on the 
 northern routes until Novemlier, 1883, when she was wrecked near Cape Blanco. The steamer t(Wi/(i«//«(' was 
 chartered by the United States ICngineers for surveying purposes and was in that service for several weeks. 
 
 The Oregon Steam Navigation Company, after enjoying nearly a score of years of prosperity nnparalkled 
 in the annals of steam navigation, pa.ssed out of existence in 1879 and was succeeded by the Oregon Railway cS: 
 Navigation Company, incorporated June 14, 1879, with a capitalization of $6,oi>o,ooo, divided into shares ol Juki 
 each. The original incorporators were Henry Villard, James H. Fry, A. H. Holmes, Chris Bors, W. H. Starl)nck 
 and Charles Iv Brotherton of New York, H. W. Corliett, C. H. I<ewis, J. N. Dolph, Paul vSchnlze and H. Tliielscn 
 of Portland. Henry Villard was elected president, J. N. Dolph, vice-president, and G. H. Andrews, secretary, 
 The transfer of the Oregon Steam Navigation property was made July i.st, and H. W. Corbett, J. N. Dolph and 
 R. Koehler were elected directors in place of W. S. I.add, Waller Tliomp.son and (ieorgej. Ainsworth. The 
 work of combining these gigantic interests under one management consumed many months. Preliminary to the 
 grand finale the Willamette Transportation & Locks Company purchased the steamers S. T. Chunh and 
 McMiiinville from the People's Protective Transportation Company in January, and a few days later translirred 
 to the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company the entire fleet, which included the steamers Wide lies/, /■miiia 
 llavivard, .S". G. Reed, Ihmita, Pixie riiompson. IVelcome, K. R. Thompson, Mountain Queen, Idaho, J/ninsI 
 (Jueen, John Gates, Annie /'axon. Spokane, iVew Tenino, AIniota, Willamette Chief, Orient, Occident, /loiimna, 
 Champion, Governor Grover, Alice, Ocklahama, /i. N. Cook, /■'annie Ration, S. '/'. Church and A/cAfinnville, baizes 
 Columbia, Columbia's Chief and Autocrat. The only steamer built in 1879 prior to the transfer was the 
 
 D. S. Baker, constructed at Celilo. The Raker was one hundred and sixty-five feet long, twenty-.seven feet luam, 
 and five feet six inches hold, with engines seventeen by .seventy-two inches. SI'?* *eniained on the upper rivtr in 
 command of Captains Gray and Baughman until 1888, when Captain Troup brought her down over Tumw.iter, 
 June i,sth. John McNulty and Fred Wilson operated heron the middle river until iSg,-?, when she was t^iken 
 over the Cascades by Captain Martineau, leaving the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company without a boat 
 between The Dalles and Cascades. A few months later an unsuccessful effort was made to take her back tc this 
 field, and since that time she has been engaged in towing on the lower river. Frank T. Dodge was the first jiort 
 captain of the new Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, holding that position for several years. Tht iiP"' 
 steamer .S'. G. Reed was started on the lower river route as a seaside boat, in charge of Richard Hoyt, ca) m 
 
 E. J. Moody, first officer ; A. K. Dierdorflf, chief engineer; W. G. Dillingham, purser. 
 
Modern Prnpvllvr Stoamships Appear, Orvynn R:tilwBy tj Navigat' in Company Incorporated 
 
 269 
 
 A imin)>er of small .stcaniers a)i|ienri ' on the VVillainettc niul Columliin in 1M79, none of tlicni of any Kri-at 
 imixiM.iiifc. Tllf C/V»/('»(i/ Custtr, ii liltic pro|)e!'vr with a six liy six inoli i-nKini', wiim liinnchcd at Antoria l>y 
 K. V, Jiii-kson mill ran on tlu- lower CoUlint)ia and Shoalwnter May for several years. The steamer lloiiard 
 was Imilt at I,ake River hy I'. 11. Perkins, anil the Miif>Hil at Ca|ie Hani'ock liy Capt. J. I). Mnnson, l''re(l S. 
 Miiii-- 11 ' workinK with her as etiKineer. Two small pro|iellers, the /'i>//i' anil the .liinii-, were hroiiKht np from 
 Siiii iTaiK'isoo, anil a similar craft, the /.ml/a, was -oiistructeil at Astoria. The C/cirA/;/./, a small siilewllceler, 
 was cniiipleted at Portland by (">. W. Simmons. She rhaiiKed owners and masters ipiite freipiently, and during 
 her I'iiieer on the river was in charge of Sherman I), lirown.'" John Nelson and W. \V. Nelson. She was sent 
 to Vaijiiina Hay ahont 18.S4. There an historic steam schooner, the A'a/c am/ .htna, was set afloat in 1N79 liy Capt. 
 CImrlis l.ntjens, and was employed principally in sealinK. A further account of her exploits will lie found in 
 the (cimUiding chapters of this work relating to that industry. At lunpire City, R. C, Conies" ciiiistriicted 
 llic NUainer llirthtt a.'nl oi>erateil her for many years, Andrew J Hall,'' Joseph Ilorliert " and other Cimis Hay 
 marine men .serving with her. Charles A. Winchester hnilt the small pmiieller \\'ii\/> at Marshfield. The 
 W'tHOiia, another diminntive propeller, apiieared at (iardiner in 1879. Two steam ferry-boats were Imilt at 
 Portland, the O. & ('. A'. A'. A'l). .< by the Oregon iSc California Railroad Coinpiny and the I'l/o by Capt. 
 \V. II I'oster," the /M/ at Wallula by H. W. Ilodgis, and the W'esh-m Qiinii at The Dalles by I,. P. Jensen. 
 .\mc)iin the well known vcs.sels which pas.se(l ont of existence in 1S71J were the stcam.ships /<>//« /.. .S7<///c«.t 
 ,iiiii Oii/lamnu, and the river .steamers NorlhursI and l.uikiiimule Chuj 1 he (hiuaid was sent to the Sonnil. 
 The hull of the Otvyhee, which Capt. I'red Wilson had brought over Tumwii'i. Kapids in 1H7H, was floated down 
 to The Dalles by William Johnston and converted into a wood barge. C ptnin Flanders resigned his (Misition as 
 iiis|)ector of hulls in August, 1879, and John P. Ward was appointed 
 ti) fill llie vacancy. 
 
 Seattle .shipbuilders turned out two fine ste.imers in i«7y. 
 the lifsl of thoir ci.'SS which had yet lieen constructed at that 
 point. The siiiewneeler (icofj^e A'. Starr was launched at .Seattle, 
 Align- 1 12th, for the .Starr line by J. K. T. Mitchell, making her 
 trial liip October 14th in charge of Capt. Charles Clancey and 
 luiRineer Van Tassell. The Slarr was one hundred ami fifty-four 
 feet long, twenty-eight feet lieam, and nine feet hold, with a lieani 
 engine thirty by ninety-six inches. .She performed excellent .service 
 on all the Sound routes for ten years, and was commanded at 
 different times by Wilson, .Morrison, Rolicrts, Oreen.* Jordi.son, tJrr, 
 
 ' I'red S. Miinson, cnKi'ieer, whs licirn in OyBlervillf, U'lisli., in i85i). lie 
 is a son of Ciipt. J. II. Mnnson, ami lii'Kon stennilioiitinK witji liini on tlir Muxiiil 
 ill iS7t), retniiiniiiK for three yeiirs. He whs Hfterwanl on the /CmiHii ffiivwtnii 
 .mil . //(.(•, unci was enKint-er on a niiinlier of small sli-Hiners out of .Astoria, leaviiiK 
 llicre fur OIK' season to \!,n on tile Chilail, miming to .Maskn. lie next went to 
 the Siiiiiiil with the I'liriliiH, on retiirniiiK assisted in e<|iii|>|iinK the (Jiieiii with 
 iiiarliinery, iiiiit was then en^HKe'l as engineer on the ll'iiiitiia. 
 
 '"CH|it. Sherman II llrown was born in Mnrysville, Cul , in 1.S66. lie 
 rei'eiveil hii eii^^ineer's lieeiise in 1HS2 and a year later was jjiveii ooniiiiHntl of the 
 slianu r Clii'i-ldiiil, tieiiiK al thai time tile youngest man in the ilistriet holiliiiK 
 iii.isler's [mpers. lie operated the C/frr/ii'ii/ for a few years, was then interested 
 «ilh his father in the steamer Tritiiiii, ami aflerwaril ran the Jellersoii Street 
 I'erry. Captain llrown retired from the water Heveral years iiko and is eii);aKeil 
 ill tile real estate laisiiicss in I'ortlHiid. 
 
 "Cnpt. R. C. Cordesof Marslilield, Or., was horn nt Milwaukee, Wis., in l.S.si, and commenced his iiinrine career on a tUKhout 
 (iwiiiil hy Ins father on I.nke Miclii),'nn. lie emigrated to Coos Hay in i.S7c), and ran as engineer on the Hiilhii nearly twelve years. 
 He ai'lirward hnilt and ran a sniall steamer on Coos Kiver, hut is now i>iit of the service. 
 
 ''.\iidre« J. Hall, master and enijineer, whs horn in I'olk County, Dr.. in iShj, and iiiiderloiik his first marine work on Coos 
 Buy ill 1S7S as lireman on the steamer .I/J'.sM'Wi;,; . lie was next eii^jaKed on the steamer ( "ixx, Hoiii^ from her to the Hvillui, where 
 liesiivid as engineer for three years. The Mink ami .l/i7//c weie his next steamers, and he left the latter to take char^te of the 
 f '''<».(. lie also commanded the ./««/c, and has served on the liar tii^js Hstoii, /u'tu/t'.\s and Sii/ '/'/itinnts. He was master of the 
 slfiiMu-i Cumin \ for a year and has recently held a similar position on the . lliil. 
 
 "Capt. Joseph Herbert of TaeoiKa, Wash., v is born in Iliibliii in iS.)} and lic^aii steainboatiii>t on Coos Htiy in 1K79. He was 
 iin llii stianier Shiibiiik with Captain Crosby for a lon^; time, and from her went to rajjet Sound, where he has since been connected 
 with ;i iuiinl>er of sniall steamers. He was master of the /i'.vc/i/i/hc, burned in Norili Hay in 1.S91, and has since had charge of the 
 sUMiiur luivorili: 
 
 "Cant. W. H. Foster was horn in Wisconsin in 1S45 and came to the Pacific Coast in 1H5.1, sailing out of .Sail I'rancisco on 
 tlK- >lii|) I'nli/'ioHin that vear on a whaling voyage. He came north in 1.S72, was in charge of the Stark Street I'erry lor a few years, 
 anil Ihi'ii purchased the ferryboat Siilim .Vn. j anil placed her on the Vancouver I'Vrry route, where lie ran her for about five years. 
 Ill tin- tiieantime he hnilt the steamers I'lfo A'li. / and I'l'/o Xo. J, selling the former to the JeHersoii .Street h'erry Company. With 
 Jiilui II. Moore he purchased the .Salem I'erry ahont i.SSi ami two years later tile Albina I'erry. In 1.S.S6 he disposed of ilie 
 VaikMiver I'erry to the Portland .V Vancouver Railway C(im|iaiiy, afterward lecoiislrnctiiiK the .-llbina .\i>. j and Vrlo \i>. .'. 
 He is it present in charj^e of the It'. S. Jfiison, operated by the city of Portland as a free ferry. The Mason was built by John I'. 
 Steffi a from designs by Captain poster. 
 
 'Capt. I.eander Green of Hamilton, Wash., was born in New Brunswick in 1S47 and arrived on Pn^et Sound about 1S77. 
 He w.is first en^a^^cd on the steniner Wenttt, of which he was third owner, and was afterwanl emjiloyed on the Joavphine^ H't'/niint' 
 anil .\' ///('. He was in the service of the (lrc({on Railway & Navigation Company for about nine years as master 011 the /ilalio, 
 h.mii: , llayward and Sehome. His last coinmand on the Sound was the steamship Eastern Oiri;on, with which he was connected 
 uulil he burned at Olympia. Since that time he has been living on a farm near llauiilton. 
 
 Cai'T. Siikrman r> nitnWN 
 
 . 1 
 
 m 
 
 ..1' 
 
 rif 
 
2 70 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Nortfiwest 
 
 McAlpine ''' and other well known Sonnd captains. She was relegated to the rear when the .Uaskan and ( Vi mfiian 
 appeared, and was nsed as an extra boat until 1892, when the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company siiit her 
 to Astoria and operated her 01. Jie Ilwaco ronte in connection with their river steamers, Capt. R. K. Howes 
 having charge. She was not a success in this field, and a few months later was secured by Capl. K. G. 
 Baughman,'" Kngineer C. W. Snyder and Ben Brierly of Seattle, who took her back to the Sound and joined forces 
 with D. B. Jack.son in organizing the Northwestern Steam.ship Company, in whose .service she has since been 
 operated on the Port Townsend route by way of the mill ports, making occasional trips to Victoria in place of the 
 Rosalie. In this service she is handled by Captains Baughman and Williamson, with Everett B. Coffin,'' iiilot. 
 
 The Cass/tir, a sternwheel steamer one hundred and thirty-two feet long, twenty-six feet beam, and four nml 
 one-half feet hold, was launched at Seattle for the Stickeen River trade. McKenzie & Martin were the 
 builders, and Nat H. Lane, Jr., took command, with Robert Moran, chief engineer, and Pratt, assistant. The 
 f '(r.<i/(t;- had a draft of less that sixteen inches light, and, with engines sixteen by seventy-two inches turning a 
 twenty-foot wheel, she was well equipped for the trade for which .she was intended. She was registered niuler 
 the British flag the following year and .sent to the Fraser, where she p.irticipated in some fierce compelilion. 
 J. K. T. Mitchell constructed the small twin propeller Siisi'f for Capt. Hiram Olney at Seattle, launching her 
 September loth. The i\'ipluiii\ a steamer a trifle smaller than the Susie, was also completed. The rapid 
 increa.se in the luimber of steamers during the ten years preceding 1879 is shown in the list registered in the 
 Puget Sound district that year: .-l/tiiie S/e:ciir/. .UiJa, Addie, lilakely, Colfax. C/ieha/is. Cyrus M'a/ker, Cassiur. 
 Cornel. Pespaleh, Favorile (tug), Favorile (passenger steamer), Fanny Lake. Holiali. Cieni, James Morlie, Josephine. 
 
 J. /}. IJhby. A/esseni;er, A'el- 
 lie. A'oHli Paei/ie. Old .Selller. 
 Polilko/sky, Phanlom. Ruby. 
 SI. Palrick, S. L. Mosliek. 
 Susie, Siieeess, Taeoma. Yak- 
 ima, y.epliyr. C 'apilal, ( elito, 
 Minnie .Vay, Nephine and 
 Teaser. The small stern- 
 wheel steamer SI. .Uidioel 
 made regular trips 011 the 
 Yukon River in charge of 
 Capt. Peter M. Anderson'' 
 in 1S79. The niac'iiiiery 
 from the old steamer IHiuk 
 Diamond was removed and 
 the hull converted into a 
 schooner. The l.innie was 
 broken up by the Port 
 Blakel}' Mill Company in 
 June, the U'eiial shared the 
 same fate, and the /./Wr was 
 retired from .service and lier 
 
 furniture transferred to the Chelialis. The owners of the /'olilkol'sky am\ the Pnby became financially involved, 
 and the .steamers passed into the hands of Dexter Horton & Co. for a consideration of $5,900 and Ji.i.io 
 respectively. The tug Mary Taylor was taken 1)> Captain Keene to the Columbia, where Captain W'ass assiiined 
 command and operated her as a tender in the construction of the Tillamook lighthouse. 
 
 STKAMKK "(iKt 
 
 ''Capt. .\. N. Mc.Mpiiie is a native of Yarinoiitli, Ontario, and came to Pn^et Sound in 1.S77. He hegan steanil)oalin>; mi the 
 steamer Xellie. afterward entered the service of the ( )rcgon Railway & Navigation Company, ami had cunimanil at diirereiit tuius of 
 alt of tiieir steamers on the Sound He accptired eonsiderahle notoriety ill I>Sqi, while master of the Olymputii, thriMij;h a 
 iiiisuiiderstandiiig with the first a.ssistanl engineer. Tile difliculty was not adjusted until every steamer of any proiniiience on I'ligel 
 Sound was lietl up. 
 
 "Capt. v.. <■>. Iiaiii;liinaii was horn in OreKon in 18,19, ""d eomiiiencc<l steamlioaling on the Sound .is a deckhaml on the 
 steamer /.efthvr in 1.S81. altlionj^h he had previously had considerahle experience on the Columbia River. .-Vfler leaving the /■ f^hyr 
 he was mate on the steamers Chchalis, Cily 0/' Oiiiiiiv, ll'iishiHi;loii. H'. F. .Miinioe, all of which, with the exception of the Llhlndis, 
 he afterw.ir'l comniatided. His first position as master was on the steamer .Shoo Fly, K"i"K from her to the W. A'. .Menvin. lie was 
 master of the steamer Fliza .Andrmtn for three years, and was also on the I'reiiiier (m a short time. He was pilot on the ( ./r I'f 
 .Seallle for over two years. When the rnioii Pacific withdrew the (^eoige /•,'. .S/iirr from the Ilwaco route. Captain liann'""'"' «ent 
 to Portland and took her hack to the Sound, and when Capt. I). H. Jackson organi/ed the Northwestern Steamship Coiiipaiu . ami 
 secured the H/arr. HaiiKliniau went with her and has since had eoininaiid. 
 
 " Capt Ivverett I!. Collin of Seattle, Wash , was horn at Nantucket, M.ass., in 1865, ami naturally enough began goiui; 
 when a hoy. He sailed for several years in the coasting, .Vtlantic and whaling Ir.-ide, and ill 1.SS7 came to Puget ,Soun(l, wli 
 joined the tug Cyriis Walker, afterward serving on a number of well known steamers. When the Northwestern Steam.ship C"' 
 was organized lie was api)oitited pilot of their steamer Idoho, with which he has since remained, 
 
 '"Capt. Peter M. .\nderson was born in Norwav in 1.847, and began coasting out of Sail Francisco about 1875. In i 
 was appointe<l master of the tug .ll/>ha of , San Praiicisco, In 1S79 he went to the Vnkoii River in charge of the sternw 
 SI. Michael, and remained there for three years. On his return he went to Santa Monica Itay, where he ran a small steamer 
 the boom. Since 1890 he has had command of the lug Tiaiuil at San prancisco. 
 
 sea 
 he 
 tliy 
 
 he 
 .■ler 
 
ifl 
 
 Modern Propeller Steamships /Appear, Oregon Railway cj Navigation Company Incorporated 
 
 271 
 
 I'lie handsome Olyiiipia, which liad played such an important part in early marine affairs on I'uget Sound, 
 made 'ler last trip under the old name June 28, 1879, appearing the following day as the Princess l.oitisf, 
 regisUiiig from the port of London The change had been advertised for six weeks, and the steamer was 
 starte<i on the route to VVrangel in place of the Enterprise, which returned to the Westminster run. The 
 \Viho<. C. Hunt was extensively repaired and continued in the Kraser River trade. Capt. William Moore 
 laniiclKilthesteruwheeler Westnn Slope in May for the Stickeen River. The Slope was one hundred and fifty-five 
 feetliin^;, twenty-six feet beam, and eight and one-half feet hold, with engines twenty l)ysixt> inches. She left 
 VictoiKi 0:1 her first trip May 26th in command of Capt. William Meyer " and lingineer John Patterson,'" carrying 
 j8o tons of freight, 2(X) passengers and 60 head of cattle. A year 
 latei Moore took the steamer to the Kra.ser, where she ran until 1H.S2, 
 when 111.' became financiallv involved, and in January, iS.S,-^. she was 
 sold at auction to Capt. John Irving, who afterward turned her over to 
 llie C.iiiadian Pacific Navigation Com])aiiy. and in their service she 
 ended her days in the latter part of tlie eighties. The machinery was 
 removed in January, 1.S91, and the hull converted into a barge. The 
 mail eoiitract from Victoria to New Westminster was let to the Hud- 
 son's liay Comjiany, and from the latter ])oint to Vale it was handled 
 by Ca|it. John Irving. The up-river steamers I'ldoria and l-.uterprise 
 were |nirchased by Capt. John Irving and Robert Mcl.eese of Soda 
 Creek. The first propeller built on the lower Fraser was launched at 
 Westminster. April 22d, and was christened the I'riiiirss Iconise, Jr. 
 She was fifty-seven feet long, eleven feet beam, and five feet hold, and 
 was liinight in 18.S2 for the missionary service in .Maska. Another 
 small iiropeller, the Slcidef;iile, which is still in service, was launched 
 .\pril 7th as a tender for the cannery at (jueen Charlotte's Island. 
 .She was seventy-six feet long, fifteen feet beam, and six feet hold. A 
 small sidewheeler, the Ada. was operated on the Fraser by Capt. 
 James Robinson, with William Sommerville, ' engineer. Captain 
 Irvine's steamer (ilrnoni struck on a rock a short distance above the 
 montli of Harrison River in December and became almost a total 
 wreck. She had been up the river for the purpo.se of helping the 
 AV//ii'/(C off a liai. The latter steamer was clo.se behind and at once 
 took oil" the pas.sengers and crew and .secured the furniture anil cabin fittings. The steamer Cheloii. built for the 
 like of that name, was completed in the fall of 1871) and made her trial trip Xovember 24th. She was a small 
 craft, less than sixty feet in length, with ten feet beam, and four and oneha'f feet hold. 
 
 The United States steamer Jeannetlr. in charge of Lieutenant I)e Long and Chief ICngineer Melville, .sailed 
 from .Sail Franci.sco in August, 1S79, on an Arctic exploring expedition destined for a fate, the horrors of which 
 made humanity shudder. The fearful talc of suffering, starvation, catniibali.sm and death is too well known to 
 reiiuiie extended mention in this work. The /eon iir/lr was crushed in the ice pack in latitude 77° 15' north and 
 longitude i' 5' east, and the few who esca])cd the terrible death from starvation and cold reached civilization 
 months afterward with health or reason shattered by the awful experience tlie_\- had undergone. The riiited 
 States steamer .llliitinr. which was .sent iVoiii Norfolk, \'a.. to search for the JetviiieUe in 1881 approached within 
 iyo miles of the pole, the highest altitude ever reached by a Go\eriinient vessel. 
 
 The Olympus, the largest single-decker in the world and the finest sailing vessel ever built on Pugct 
 Sonnd. was launched at Seabeck. August Jist, by Hiram Doncaster. She was two hundred and thirty-seven feet 
 
 C. n.xn.iiMAN 
 
 'Capt. William Meyer \v;is lK)rn in luTuiatty in is.so. anil, after siMtarin^ in various parts of the worlil, arrived nt Victoria 
 i'l cliai'^i' of tlic liark 'Ulilhi with a i-arHo of water pijie. the lirst reieiveil lu llie oily. Hie liark ran into Ivsciuiiuali llarlmr iliiriiiK 
 .1 ^iiltt :oiil was ohli^ei' 'n cut away the masts to keep otf the rocks. Wltilc aw.iilMiH rep.airs Captain Mc\cr hccaiuc iic(]iiainte(l with 
 .Miss lUnricttii Moore, a claunhter of llic well kiiovvn steaiiilioatmaii. ami licforc leaving; marrieil licr. Tlie /•.'>/< //.i loaileil spars at 
 risiil.iil\ fur the Cj»;)c of tloinl Hope, aihl after takiiiy^ her rtmtul the world a^ lin Cajitaiu Meyer returned to X'ictoria ami l)e}.;aii 
 -Icauilicitinu "ith his lalher in law. When Moore lelireil from the business. Captain Meyer entered the service of the Canailian 
 r.u'ilii' Navi^jation Cont] .iii>', with whom he has since remaiuetl, most of the time in command of the ste.'iinship /),tfiulu- on the 
 iinrtlifiii nniles. with i ci'asion.il trips to the Columhia River, llefnre entering the Canadian I'acilic Navigation Company's employ 
 lie \v,i« III charge of the Ciopflei for some time. In adilitioii to lieiiiH a skillful navinalor. Captain Mever is an aiilhoritv 011 marine 
 l.iw. an. I, while en^.i^ed in carryiii)^ Chinamen hetween \'aucnuver. It. C. anil the Cohiiuhia River willi the Potinhr, astonished the 
 .^iiierii 01 customs officials, who sou^lit to detain his sti'amer im technical charj^es, liy sleamin;; holdly out of pnrt whenever his 
 *liip Hi, ready for sea. rejjardless of the wishes of the oflicials. 
 
 John Patterson, euHineer, of Nelson. 1!. C, was horn in I)dinliuri.;li in 1840. and his lirst murine experience was on the 
 p .!/(///[/. He came to New Westminsier in 1S7S and ran for a sluirt time on the tn^ . /A' r(/;/(/f';- with Cajitaiii t'npdiart. 
 he fitled out the steamer ll'r\/eiu S/o/ff', ^i(»in^ with her to .Alaska. He was afterward eu^a^jed on a nnmlier of well 
 
 known learners in Ilritisli Colnmliia w.iters. .\ few years a^o he he),'au rniiniu); on the upper ColiMiihia and lakes, and is at present 
 
 inj;iii(. anil part owner of llie steamer .liinuoflii on Kootenai Lake. 
 
 William .Somnwrviile, engineer, of Victoria, was horn in Scotland in iS|()anil came to Ilritisli Columhia ill 1S71). He 
 was lir- 1 iiti the sidewheel steamer . Ida on the I-raser, from there went as second engineer on (he tn>; Pilot, and was snh.seqnenliy 
 I'liiefiv; the ti'i<i:ii and afterward a ve.ir on the ( V/,( . lie was also second eiiniueer on the t'liiiuss t.oiiise and lilizxibedi It ling 
 ami ch . I oil ihe W'illmtii /i.iii!;, )'iisiiiiili\ llof>,\ (oii/ioo aihl /•'Iv, . /A ri/«i/. / and several others. 
 
 steam 
 hi IS- 
 
 
 ■'i «! fi 
 
 I 
 
 ' !■" 
 
 I-M 
 
 
a7« 
 
 Z.eic;s cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 long, forty-four feet beam, seventeen feet hold, and could sail like a yacht, carrying an immense cargo. Hall 
 Brothers' shipyard at Port Ludlow had attained more than a local reputation for the class of work which 
 was being turned out, and the several vessels constructed by them for Hawaiian parties in precedir.g years were 
 followed in 1879 by the steamer /rtwc? .I/'iXw, of 244 tons register, and the schooner A/a/o/o, 133 tons. Tht Afakee 
 was schooner rigged, one hundred and twenty feet long, twenty-six feet beam, and ten feet hold, with eiifjines 
 eleven and twenty by eighteen inches, and was taken to the Islands by Capt. VV. T. Godfrey. The scliooiitr 
 Emily Stevens, eighty-seven feet long, twenty-two feet beam, and eight feet hold, was launched at Westport. Or., 
 by Capt. Alexander Henderson for halibut fishing, and the schooner Santa A'osa, 29.45 tons, was built 
 at Marshfield, Or. The Seattle coal trade increased to such an extent that a good-sized fleet of ves.sels found 
 profitable employment in handling it. Shipments for May, 1879, were as follows: ships Gn-at Westcin 2,[-j(, 
 tons, Majestic 1,904, F.ldoiado 1,877 '• barks /J2:ic Williams i,,'?27, .liireola 1,361, Harvest Home 1,013, Gem 0/ 
 the Ocean 998, Whistler 795; barkentines Modoc 632, Web/oot 596, and schooner Excelsior 503. The latter 
 was sailing in the Wells line between San Francisco and Seattle. Other vessels in the same service were the 
 schooners AV/fJ/'/f/', Cowwcr and Hiieneme. Kngaged in the Northwestern fleet in 1879 were five Alaskas and 
 four Californias. The former included a Port Townsend fi.shing .schooner, a Pacific Mail steamship, a sailing ship 
 in the Seattle and San Francisco coal trade, a whaling bark in the North Pacific Ocean, and a United .Stales 
 man-of-war at Sitka. The Californias were a propeller, a schooner, a bark and a man-of-war. On retiring from 
 
 the Oregon vSteira Naviga- 
 tion Company, Captain Ains- 
 worth purcha.sed the barks 
 Colo ma and Alden Besst, 
 engaged in the China trade. 
 The bark Juhi'ard /ames was 
 bought by Henry Cornwall 
 and put under the Hawaiian 
 flag under the name /,///«. 
 
 The Columbia River 
 grain fleet for 1879 was 
 composed of .seventy-nine 
 ves.sels ; thirty-tliree liritLsh 
 ships, thirty Hritish barks, 
 eleven American ships, three 
 American and two Norwe- 
 gian barks. The largest 
 was the British ship /'riiur 
 .hiiedes, 1, 602 tons; the 
 smallest. Prince /oroya. 38,; 
 tons Thirty-,seven of the 
 vessels were over 1,1 hxi tons 
 register, thirty-one over 
 1,100, nineteen over i,2(xi, 
 
 eleveti over 1,300, and .seven over 1,400. They carried 1,932,080 centals of wheat and 209,098 barrels of flour, 
 nearly all of which was shipped by the following firms : Halfour, Guthrie & Co,, twenty-,seven cargoes ; .Sihson. 
 Church & Co., eleven ; Rodgers, Meyer iS: Co., nine ; Henry Hewett & Co., eight ; Allen & Lewis, five ; G. W. 
 McNear, nine ; J. McCracken and Corbett & Macleay, two each, and M. C. Moore, one. Among the lleet was 
 the American bark Annie Johnson, formerly the Hriti.sh ship .Ida Iredale. In 1876, while bound from Amirossan 
 to San Francisco, she caught fire in mid-ocean and was abandoned. The hull was burning when siglittil two 
 days later and was not seen again for several weeks. In December she was again reported and in the next few 
 months was discovered .several times, and nine months after the accident the craft was picked up 2,3.s<> niiles 
 from where it had been abandoned and towed into Papeete on the Island of Tahiti by the French tnuisport 
 Sciiiiiclav stationed there. The hull, though slightly warped with the heat, was found to be in good onli r. It 
 was purchased from the I'rench Government for one thousand francs by James Crawford & Co. of San Francisco, 
 who repaired the vessel and registered her under the .\merican flag. Among the fast passages of 1879 w.i-^ that 
 of the American ^\\\\^ Jeremiah '/'liompson, Captain Kirby, which arrived at Victoria in May, twenty-four (la\ ^ from 
 Yokohama, The schooner Malolo, one of Hall Brothers' productions, sailed from Cape Flattery to Honolulu in 
 ten and one-half days, breaking all existing records until another from the same yard, the barkentine Cri'iiiiu- 
 Sudden, Captain Ingalls, sailed the same distance from Honolulu to the Cape in nine days and thirteen lioii 
 There were few marine disasters in 1 879 beside the wreck of the (in at /\'e/>n/ilic. The Hritish bark />'" 
 Ambiadass, Captain Williams, from Shanghai for Moodyville, was lost July 27th on the west coast of Van 
 Island about five miles south of Cape Heale light and near the entrance to the straits. The bark came up ' 
 a dense fog and at 1:45 .\. m., as the .second mate was preparing to tack, she struck bow on and imni' 
 
 Stkamkh ' WKsri;R.N Sl.Ol-K." I''KAS1:R KlVKK 
 
 rdtus 
 ouver 
 uriug 
 lately 
 
Modern Propeller Steamships Appear, Oregon Railway <^ Navigation Company Incorporated 
 
 273 
 
 comm need to leak badly. She dragged over the reef, settling hard aground in a little cove inshore, and 
 at ila\ is'it the Indians rescued the crew. Captain Spring, who was at Cape Beale with the Favorite, went to the 
 scent ■!»! took the crew, sails, etc., to Victoria. Tiie wreck was sold to Henry Saunders for i!i8o. The ship 
 .I/rt/w '«, Capt. P". W. Jordan," coal-laden from Departure Bay for San Francisco, foundered off Cajie Flattery, 
 N'ovenil>er Sth. She sailed from the coal port, November 7th, with i,,soo tons of cargo, and after passing 
 Flaltfiv encountered a strong southea.ster with a heavy cross sea, which strained the ship so that .she l)egan to 
 leak l).i<lly, and the pumps were unable to keep her free. The water continued to gain on the crew, and on the 
 moriiini; of the eighth the barometer stood at 29. ,',0. Serious consequences were anticipated if they remained 
 longer uith the doomed vessel. Siie was accordingly abandoned, and the crew boarded the Tam O' Sluxnler, which 
 had In '-■II standing by, and were taken to San Francisco. The position of the vessel was 48° 6' noith and 125° 40' 
 west. The .schooner Esllier Co/os, while towing out of Rogue River, October 21st, .struck heavi'y 011 the bar and 
 tecaiiK- a total lo.ss, although a portion of her salmon cargo was saved. The American siiip tl'as/iiiii;/on l.ibby 
 WMS wrecked near Port Angeles, July 23d. 
 
 The American bark Gem of the Ocean, Captain Hawse, from Seattle .'or San Francisco with coal, struck on 
 the west coast of Vancouver Island, in August, about eight miles southeast of Port San Juan, and was reported 
 :i total loss. The captain and crew reached Port Townsend in a small boat. The l>rig Timandra, Captain 
 Thomas, from Honolulu to Alaska on an illegal trading expedition with three thou.sand {.mUoiis of rum, went 
 ashore May 20th on Noiiuwak Island. The mate and three seamen traveled four hundred miles in a small l)oat 
 to Sitka, Alaska, where the Riiluud Rush was stationed, and the cutter left at once to confiscate the cargo. Some 
 of the members of the crew were taken to San Franci.sco by the steamer .S7. Paul, Captain Ivr.skine. The 
 mystery surrounding the di.sappearance of the .schooner .Alaska, while tii loulc from China to Burrard's Inlet, 
 ;iii(l which had been missing for .several years, was cleared up in iS-y by the confession of a sailor in 
 Yokohama, who stated that wiiile off the coast of Jap.in the crew mutinied, murdered the captain, two mates and 
 the s\!|n.'rcargo, and, after burning the .ship, escaped in a small boat. The ship Tabor, which arrived at Portland 
 with a cargo of railroad iron from Philadelphia, collided with the bark (inieva in latitude 14° south, longitude 
 32' west, April 17th, and the bark foundered immediately. The Tabor rescued and landed the crew < f the wrecked 
 vessel at Rio Janeiro. The British ship Alk\i>iaH<v grounded on Sand Island while sailing in but vas fortunately 
 released by the efforts of the tugs lirenham, Astoria and Columbia, 
 whose owners received i^5,tx)o salvage. The tug A'(i//c t'ccX', Captain . 
 
 Parker, came up from Coos Bay in May under charter to A. Y. Ham- 
 ilton, who used her in an unsuccessful effort to float the City of Dublin. 
 
 .-\inong the deaths occurring in 1.S79 were Capt. George L. 
 S([uires of the steamer Gussic I'llfair, at San Francisco, February 
 i;th ; Capt. George .Smith of the steamer City of Quinry, drowned in 
 Lewis River, March 2.Sth ; Capt. Benjamin F. Smith, who brought 
 the hrig /■'raiirisro round the Horn in 1.S51, at Portland, April sth; 
 H. N. Cook, formerly of the People's Transportation Company, at 
 Salem, May 5th ; Capt. J. S. Crocker, for a short time bar pilot on 
 the Columbia, at Portland, May 2()'cli ; Capt. James \V. Foster of the 
 hark l>i»i .Viiliolas, at San F'-ancisco, May 25th ; Capt. George 
 lirowiier of the .lliila, at ,'iealtle, July 13th; and Capt. Clanrick 
 Croshy, formerly of the AVrr World, at Tumwater, October 22d. 
 Capt. John Hayes, formeily of the propeller Caliloniia, expired sud- 
 denly while seated at dinner on the revenue cutter Oliver IVolrolt, at 
 P jrt Ti)wiiseiid, May 26th ; and Capt. George \V. Bailey of the rev- 
 -ime cutter Richard Rush was thrown overboard l»y a lurch of tlie 
 vessel and drowned off Cape Flattery, October i6th. 
 
 The Northern Pacific Railroad, whicli at the present time 
 owns and operates several very pretentious steamers in tlie North- 
 west, ill iS.So built '' ' "'t ■-■: ', the steamer Frederick K. liilliniys, 
 
 C.Al'l. V. W. loKDAN 
 
 wliicli was launched at Celilo. Its dimensions were : length, two 
 
 hmiilrnl feet ; beam, thirty-.seven feet : depth of hold, six feet, with engines twenty by ninety-six inclies. Capt. 
 \V. 1', Cray was put in charge, and the steamer was used as a transfer boat at Aiiisworlh until the completion of 
 the brilge, afterward performing a similar duty at Pa.sco. The Ilillin^s was rebuilt at Celilo in i.SSs and at Pasco 
 in iss,,, and is still in good repair, although there is but little business for water craft on the upper river at 
 
 Ciipl, 1'. W. Jordan whs l)orn in Newton, Mass., in 1S48, and has l)et'n engaged in the niarinc liu.sine.'is since lioyliood. His 
 first tt.ih WHS in llie coasting trade iinl of Huston, after wliioli lie spent several months on an Hast Indianiaii. lie came t tile 
 I'ai'ifii- last ill 1S73 as chief "fliccr of tlie ship ('ii//ir,t/oi, which he left in San I'rancisco, and fur the next twenty years was 
 ill tile N Mihwestern traile. lie took coininanil of the Miiniiioii in i>S74 and remained in charge until she foniulered The following 
 ytiir hi IS appointed master of the ship llclridcre, which he sailed most of the time in the Naiiaimo coal trade until iSS6, when he 
 look 'J: i'i<iiimiuto)t\ with which he remained two years. The new steam collier Wclliiiglon was then placed in liiv; charge, and 
 tie liiiii. . il her in a very successful manner until he retired from the coasting service a few years ago to take his present position as 
 'i;a pil< It San p'rancisco, and in this calling has made fully as good a record as he enjtiyed on the liigh seas. 
 
 ii 
 
 ■:i :r 
 
 I" 
 
 f. 
 
 
274 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 if 
 
 present. The Oregon Railway & Navigation Company constructed their first steamer, the f/assa/o, at Tin- Dalles 
 in 1880. She was one hundred and sixty feet long, thirty feci beam, and six feet hold, with engines suMiiteen 
 by sixty inches. Capt. Fred Wilson, first in commaud, was succeeded by H. 1'". Coe. Capt. John McNiilty was 
 in charge during her last five years on the middle river, and in May, i8,S8, she was piloted over the Cascailcs bv 
 Captain Troup at a stage of water lower than when any other steamer except the Okanoxaii had atteiiijiii'il the 
 passage. She was slightly repaired after reaching Portland and was then sent to the Sound in charge di Capt. 
 (). A. Anderson, and on arrival was .started on the Dellingham Hay route. She remained on the Sound until 
 i8cjj, when Capt. Cyrus Harriman brought her back to the Columbia. Since that time she has been uiiiploytd 
 principally as a towboat. With the exception of the above, there were few additions to the steam fleet un the 
 Columbia and Willamette rivers in 1880. The Saliiii, a light-draft sternwheeler one hundred and sixty feet 
 long, twenty-nine and one-half feet beam, and four feet four inches depth of hold, was launched at Portland for 
 the upper Willamette trade and began running in command of Capt. George Raabe. She was sold in iSS', to 
 Capt. 1{. W. Spencer, who rebuilt her and operated her for eight years, making large profits whether the 
 steamer was running or tied up. When freights or subsidies were not liberal enough on the Willinietlc, 
 Spencer was in the habit of taking her to Astoria and olTering to tow ships at such sweeping reductions in 
 rates that he was always sure of .securing a good bonus to retire. In 1891 the Salem was purcha.sed by Capt. 
 George W. Taylor, who hiis since operated her on the upper Willamette and in jobbing at Portland. The 
 propeller (iohi />its/ was launched at Portland in 1880 by Capt. K. W. Spencer, who u.sed her on the Vancouver 
 route, making two round trips a day. She was withdrawn in August, and a year later was taken up over tlie 
 Cascades to run in comiection with the steamer FUehcood. Spencer soon retired her on a subsidy, and in 1883 
 
 she was purchased by Hoth- 
 wick & Frain, proprietors of 
 the Cascade Lumbering Com- 
 pany. On May 25, iS,S4, she 
 was taken over the Cascades 
 by Captain Martineau ami 
 Ivugiueer St. Martin. Iv H. 
 F'ellows. George Adams and 
 J. Jenkins were also on 
 board at the lime. She was 
 employed in jobbing at Port- 
 land until 1886, when she 
 was .sold to O. A. and L. C. 
 Smith of Olympia, who ran 
 her between Seattle and the 
 Capital City. Her career on 
 the Sound was not a fortunate 
 one, as .she sank several times. 
 The steamer Myitlc. 
 the second of the na;ae al 
 Coos Bay, was laundad at 
 .Marshfield by Hall & Lightner.'' the latter commanding her until 1887, when I.evi Snyder, J. H. Snydei, Or 
 Downing, Frank Harrows and S. S. Snyder purchased her and look her to the Coquille River. She was afterward 
 owned by the Dunhams, and was in charge of M. P. Pendergrast, Robert Jones and others. The tug Sol 'I'liomas. 
 which Capt. William Hayden brought out from Philadelphia in 1867, was .sent to Coos Hay to relieve the /■Viir/i>.<. 
 She remained there for several years, and was commanded by Captains James Hill, Robert Lawson and John 
 ICrickson. On the upper Columbia, S. R. Smith built the small steamer A'i>;rr, which was used for jol)l)ini; and 
 towing. The TjUowing steam ferry-boats were built: the Coluiubia at Columbus, Wa.sh., by H. F. CoUniaii: 
 J/i/waid-i'e by F. C. Harlow ; I'i'/o No. 2 by Foster & Moore ; and Slark Street Ferry by A. J. Knott, at Portland. 
 The latter vessel is still in service and was for over ten years in charge of Capt. Henry \'an Auken. 
 
 The most imi>ortaiit event in the ocean steamship linsiness in 1S80 was the arrival of the Columhiti wliich 
 was built at Chester, Penn., for the Oregon Railway iS: Navigation Company. ,She was in command 01 Capt. 
 Freil Holies on the voyage round the Horn, arrived at Portland on her first regular trip from San Fr.nicisco, 
 July 22d, and in charge of her finst master has since remained almost continuously on the route, making ow r four 
 hundred round trips between San Francisco and the Columbia. The ( oluwhia is three hundred and nine feei long, 
 thirty-eight feet five inches beam, and twenty-three feet three inches hold, net tonnage i,74ri. Oliver \'aii lUiser 
 has served as chief engineer nearly all the time since she has been in .service, with H. Hrinckerhoff, first as-i-tanl. 
 
 STKAMKR "IIASSAI.O" SHOori.N'ti THK cascadks 
 
 "Capt. J. R. I,i>{htiicr of Marshfield, Or., was l)orn in Pennsylvania in iSvj. and eniinrateil in 1S7,!; to Coos liny, « ire lie 
 worked for a year as tbreniaii in the mill. He secured the mail contravt from Coos City to Bandoii. t)ureliased the steanu : 7r*//(*. 
 and a year later took out a master's license anil also secnreil a license as an engineer. lie operated the steamer five vii' iially 
 selling her to Snyder Brothers of Coipiille. He then remained ashore ahout three years and has .since been engaged at i urvids 
 on nearly all the steamers on the hay. 
 
atTlK Dalles 
 iiies SUV 111 teen 
 
 McNiiUy was 
 le Ciisc.iilcs hv 
 atk-m]iitil the 
 liargc ol Capt. 
 ,e Souiiil until 
 been oniploytd 
 111 fleet un tlie 
 and sixty feet 
 it Fortlaml for 
 sold ill iSS;, to 
 Is wlietliL-r tlic 
 le Willnnetle. 
 
 reductii)iis in 
 lased by Capt, 
 'ortlaiid. The 
 the Vancouver 
 ;n up over the 
 ly, and in 1883 
 lased by Both- 
 
 proprietors of 
 iiniberiu); Com- 
 .y 25, iS,S4, she 
 r tlie Cascades 
 Marti ueau and 
 Martin. K. li. 
 ge Adams and 
 ivere also on 
 time. She was 
 [)l)bing at I'ort- 
 Vi, when she 
 . A. and I,. C. 
 
 pia, who ran 
 ieaitle and the 
 
 Her career on 
 
 not a fortunate 
 several times. 
 
 ainer Myrllf 
 
 the iia:ae al 
 
 launched at 
 
 H. Siiydcr, Dr 
 was afterward 
 
 .S'(l/ '/'/lOIIHlS. 
 
 c tlie I'liiilfii. 
 
 .son and John 
 )r jolibiiii; and 
 
 . I>". CoUnian : 
 tt, at Tottland. 
 
 'liimhiii. which 
 nand ol Capt. 
 San Kr.iiicisco, 
 iking o\\ r four 
 
 nine fee' long, 
 ver \"aii lUi.scr 
 
 first a---tant. 
 
 OS Unv. ^^ ■ ire lie 
 : steiii'm : ^lyrlk. 
 five vi'ir liiiall.^ 
 an<-'d' at I lervab 
 
 'K 
 
 Modern Propeller Steamships Appear, Orvgon Railway <f Navigation Company Incorporated 
 
 27.S 
 
 SlIi.VMSIIlI' ■CoLrMUl,*." KROM A DKAWINO 
 
 J, H, iiri.scoU'' also served as second and first a.ssistant for eight years. The Coluiiihia's record on the Portland 
 and ^ " Fratici.sco route is remarkable, as only once in nearly fifteen years has she been longer than one night 
 at sea on the down trip between the two cities. Ivarly in 1895 she was withdrawn from the ronte and placed in 
 Ihedivdock at the Union Iron Works, San Franci.sco, for a thorough overhauling, and when she is again atloat 
 will I)' in better condition than when she first arrived from the I-last. Victoria and I'nget Sound were favored 
 with >r\eral steamships in addition to the regular steamers Cily 0/ Clifsltr and Dakota. The latter completed her 
 mail ("iitract of seventy-seven trips in October, and was then sold to the Pacific Coast Steamship Company, who 
 contimied to operate her on the route. Captains Morse and Griffiths commanded the Pakola. and Capt. 
 
 v.. I'oleniaiin the ( ilyo/ 1 liesltr. The 
 ,. .. — . — ., -^o. . , steamship /;'/«/>//(•, Captain McAUep, 
 
 and the Idaho, Captain Alexander, 
 were also running in the .same trade, 
 while the AUxaudif Piniiaii, Capt. 
 J. Iv. Denny, aud the Cati/'oiiiia. 
 Captain.-. Thorn and Carroll, were in 
 the local service between the Sound 
 and the Columbia River, the latter 
 also making trips to Alaska. The 
 steamship .hratti, a 6(X)-ton vessel, 
 built at San Francisco in 1.S76, was 
 in the Wellington coal traffic in 
 charge of Captain Holt. The Ifylton 
 Castle, a large steam collier, arrived 
 at Victoria in January, under a three-year charter to R. Dnnstnnir & Co., with J. liaumann, cai'itain, H. Dixon, 
 first oflicer, K. N. Laws, chief engineer. The ves.sel was built in 1,^71, and was two hundred and fifty-one 
 feet long, thirty-two feet four inches beam, and nineteen feet two inches hold, with engines twenty-eight and 
 fifly-five by thirty-three inches. At the expiration of the charter in 1S8,; the steamer returned to Iviigland, and 
 three \ears later, while en route from New York to Rouen with a cargo of corn, foundered twelve miles south of 
 l'"ire Island light, drowning the captain and ten men. The wreck was a menace to vessels approaching New 
 York harbor for a long time and was finally destroyed with dynamite. Nearly all the ocean steamers in the 
 liritish Columbia mail service ran to New Westminster. The postal contract, for which Goodall, Nelson & 
 Perkins received $400 per trip, called for the operation of Ivnglish and 
 .\merican steamers, and one of the new arrivals on the line was the 
 steanishii> Vielon'a, Hayward, captain, J. C. Hunter, first oflScer, 
 George Nixon, chief engineer, Robert Hackley," first assistant, the 
 latter and Robert Turner '' subseiinently serving as chief. The \'ictoria 
 steam lleet was increased by two very fine boats. The ( assiar. built at 
 
 'J. H. Driscoll, engineer, was l)orr in New York in 1852, and serveil a llirce 
 years' ^ipiirtrilicesliip at Roach's Iron Works at that city. lie came to tliu I'acitU- 
 v'n.ist ill 1S70 as engine storekeeper on the >>teainship . l/ti^A'ii, making four trij>s to 
 China with her as oiler. lie snl)sc(|iienlly reliirneil overland to New Yo.k. where 
 lit worked on the construction of the steanislii]> . Itiipittio, and on her completion 
 inailt lliirly live trips with her between New York ami Aspinwall. lie rcaelud the 
 Coast a^ain in iSyh and joined the steamer li'ientit/it as third assistant eny^ineer. 
 lie was next on the steanisliip Co/um/iitt as second assistant and first assistant for 
 eight years, left her to go as chief of tli. Cosiiiopolls, where he rem.'dned for a year, 
 .iik).- 1 . Mntiitly serveil in the San Francisco ferry service as assistant engineer. 
 Ill r entered the Spreckels" employ ami has remained with them since. He 
 
 is at present chief engineer of the tug / 'i);ilaiil. 
 
 Rohert Ilackley, engineer, was horn in h'lorida in 1840, and liegan his 
 iiiariliiiie career 01. the steamer )'ar:i<o, lietweeii New York and Norfolk. In 1S67 
 he jiiiiied the steamship Nevaifa and came to the Pacific Coast as water-tender. He 
 serveil with her as second assistant for abont six iiionlhs after her arrival, ami then 
 went t'l China, where he ran out of Slianghai as chief of the sidewheel steamship 
 .Vi,-,' ) ,<ii\ lie retnrned to .San p'rancisco in 1S76, worked for a short time as third 
 assistant on the Cifv o/' IVkifi}^, anil was afterward first assistant of the same steamer, 
 lie then liecame chief of the steamship I'ii'loria, and was subsequently chief of tlie 
 tnllowiiiLj vessels : .S'/(//(" of' I 'ti/i/orniit, two and one-half years : ( ^n'ztt/tii, two years ; 
 l('/Yw(,^/,));, fourteen months; .•//;<(>«, eighteen months. Wiien the latter vessel 
 was wieikeil, Hackley was appointed first assistant of the steamship J/dri/^osti, and 
 on tile resignation of Chief I'lelcher, abont three years ago, he was selected to fill 
 llie v,ii .iiey. 
 
 ' Robert Turner, engineer, of Tacoma, Wash,, came to this Coa.st from New York in I'ebniary, 1S74, and on arriving 
 in .*saii i'rancisco commenced his sttamship service liy joining the engineer corps of the Ciit '/itJ<t, belonging to the Pacific 
 Mail S- unship Company, then ruuiiiiig between San Krancisco. Panama ami way ports, .\fler several trips with the (.;i«i(,Ai he 
 joined lie t'l/y of' /Vvitti; of the same company, sailing l>etween San I'rancisco, Yokohama and ticnivikong. On tliis sti-amer he held 
 IhrpnsiMon of seeomi assistant during nineteen voyages and was then transferred to the Ctiliiiia. rniiniiig to Panama, serving as first 
 assisi.ii ■ .\fter making four voyages on the Co/iiii.t, lie left her for the .V/<i/(' ,>/ ( '•i/if'<i)iii,i, plying between .San Prancisco 
 and 1' ilaiiil, as first assistant. \ year later he went as chief eiiHineer of the steamship Viilomi, rucuiuK between San p'rancisco 
 •mil I'l: . I .Sound ports, and remained with Iter until she Wi'.s lost, November 2S, iS8^^, on Port Orford Reef, He subseipiently 
 worke lor a short time on the old sidewheeler Orizaba, and afterward served as chief engineer on the steamer lilalio, bet'veen 
 
 K0IIKKT 'rrKNKR 
 
 I:i 
 
 I I 
 
 6 
 
276 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 
 STHAMKR "WiM.IAM iKVIMi 
 
 Seattle the preceding year, was put under tlie British flag and ran on the Fraser, and Capt. J^>\\u Irvine 
 constructed the fine steamer William Irvinfr, which, on May 16th, made her first trip on the Fraser. where 
 she perfisrnied excellent .service for many years. In 1891 she was extensively overhauled and equipinil with 
 new machinery. The .steamer continued to run until sunk, June. 1S94, near Farr's HlufT on the Franr, the 
 machinery alone being saved from the wreck. Captains George and Frank Odin were masters of the .sUaiiici, 
 
 and J. Iv. Jeficott ' was for 
 many years chief eiiniiieer. 
 Captain Irving was also 
 interested in the fine- stern- 
 wheeler Peerless, built at 
 Kamloops for the lake trade. 
 She was one hundred and 
 thirty-one feet long, twenty- 
 five feet l)eam, and four feet 
 six inches hold, and proved 
 (piite profitable until the 
 Canadian Pacific Railway 
 ruined steamboatiiig in that 
 section. Capt. James W. 
 Trou]) was in command for 
 a short time. The small 
 propeller Senator, fifty-five 
 feet long by twelve feet 
 beam, was constructed at 
 
 Burrard's Inlet by Capt. James Van Brenner, '" and made her trial trip April 15th. Van Brenner was also 
 owner of the Lenora, which was then commanded by Capt. William Holmes. -1= The steam tug Pilot, built at 
 Portland a few years previously, was purchased by the British Columbia Towing Company for $i2,,siio. and 
 the big tug Alexander, built in 1876 at a cost of $So,ooo, was sold in June to Capt. J. I), Warren for Sis.ixx). 
 Warren was also operating the ancient Beaver, and in October a fire destroyed her upper works, the damage 
 amounting to about $500. The .Starr line kept their steamer (leorge E. Starr in the X'ictoria trade in 1880. 
 with Capt. Thomas Wilson in charge. Their new postal contract 
 with the Dominion Government went into effect Septeml)er ist. It 
 provided for a remuneration of $2,500 per year for one trip a week, 
 $5,000 for two, $7,500 for three, and $[5,000 for six. 
 
 The Puget Sound steam fleet, which a decade before could 
 have been handled by a score of men, had grown to such propor- 
 tions that in 1880 it furnished employment to the following licen.sed ' 
 officers: Masters— J, C. Brittaiii, W. R. Ballard, Henry Bailey, / 
 J. C. Baker, Thomas Brennan, John B. Cook, Charles Clancey, 
 
 I'ortland, I'UKCl .Sound and .\laska. In iSqo Mr. Tomer went to IMiiladulphia 
 to lake charge of the enj^ines of t!ie City of Seattle, wliich was eonslruoted for 
 llie I'liKcl Sound & Alaska Steamship Company. She sailed for I'uget .'■'oun<l 
 September 16, 1.S90, with tile following officers ; Melville Nichols, captain ; 
 Charles Ames, first officer ; Frank Wooilniau, second ollicer ; R. C. Turner, 
 chief engineer ; David (»ranj;er, first a.ssistant ; James Neely, second assistant. 
 She arrived at I'ort Townsend, December 24th, after calling at the ports of 
 Rio Janeiro, Valparaiso and San I'rancisco, and spending eight days in the 
 Straits of Magellan. 
 
 "'J. K. JelTcott, engineer, of New Westminster, B. C, was born on the 
 Isle of Man in 1S56. .\fter serving an apprenticeship he entereil the employ 
 of the International Steauistii]) Company of I,iver^)ool in 1S75. lie went to 
 Canada ill I.SH2 and worked for the Canadian Pacific Railway until the latter 
 part of iSSj, when he came to Victoria and joined the steamer Sdxtmiy.r in the 
 coasting trade. He was afterward on the 0//<>, /ittii It'liile, A'etiiiiiir, Williiiiii 
 In'int;, Maude, Islander and Transfer. He was chief engineer of the William 
 /n'inj; for seven years, remaining with her until she was wrecked, and since 
 that time has been eugageil on the Traiisjer. 
 
 "Capt. James Van Hrenner was liorn in New Vork in 1852, and went 
 into the marine business on the I'raser River in 1866 with the little steamer Sea 
 Foam, which he afterward took to Moodyville, where he ran her four years. He 
 sub.se(pieully purchased the steamer C/iinanian, which came from the Orient on a sailing vc! 
 then constructed the l.illie, using the machinery from the .SV'rt Foam, in 1S74 built the l.eoh 
 He recently retired from the water and is living in Vancouv*'", B. C. 
 
 »Capi. William Holmes of Victoria was born in Sweden in 1S56, and emigrated to the luitcd States nlien a boy. H 
 out of Philadelphia ill the West Indian trade for about five years, and came to the Pacific Coast in 1S77. His first work on tlu 
 was with the steamer /sahel, between Victoria ami Port Townseml, anil a year later he shipi)ed on the bark H\\jllliy 1' 
 which sailed to Hiienos .Vyres and thence to Liverpool. Holmes returiieil to Victoria the following year and joined the old 
 (,')afi/>ler lis mate, going from her to the Etta ll'liite, and then taking charge of the steamer Leonora on Hurrard's Inlet, wi. 
 he remained four years. He was next in ' .>ininan<l of the steamer I'anconz'er for two years, engageil in the towing businc- 
 llie steamer Hope about teven years a^ , and has reinaiued in charge since. 
 
 J. I-;. JKFFCOTT 
 
 cssel, and ran her for several yc 1 
 onora, and four years later the ' 
 
 . lU- 
 
 <uiUn. 
 
 ..nilefl 
 Sniintl 
 Uelon, 
 fanner 
 which 
 ;.cki"K 
 
■ Joliii Irving 
 Frastr, where 
 jqiiiplKcl with 
 lie KraM-r. tlie 
 f thf stiamci, 
 cott ■' was for 
 liicf fiii^iiieer. 
 iiig was also 
 he fine stern- 
 ss, built at 
 he laki- trade. 
 hun(ln.(l anil 
 lonn, twtnly- 
 and lour feet 
 (1, ami proved 
 e until the 
 icifie Uailway 
 oatiiiK in that 
 . James \V. 
 command fur 
 e. The small 
 r?/o/-, rifty-fivt 
 twelve feet 
 •onstructed at 
 liner \va^ also 
 /'/7i>/, Imilt at 
 5i2.5(x), and 
 11 for $i5,iK«). 
 s, the damage 
 trade in i88c, 
 
 Modern Propeller Stvamships Appear, Oregon Railway cf Navigation Company Incorporated 2"]"] 
 
 C\rr. wii.[.i.\M IIoi MKs 
 
 ■eral vim 
 
 ■1 
 
 
 ler lliv ' 
 
 ■ 
 
 ixpcri 
 ill is- 
 
 l)ov. 1! 
 
 H 
 
 lie h.iv 
 
 rk on till 
 
 SnUlttl ^1 
 
 luillR' 
 
 ill In- r 
 
 ■vv/f<». H 
 
 
 tlieol.l 
 
 ^1 
 
 was i-i 
 
 llk-1, «i 
 
 ■ 
 
 llie .V 
 
 husiiii'^ 
 
 ■ 
 
 iiunilit 
 was (11 
 
 (',. A Cushman, William de I.aiity, C. V. Farrer, G. W. Gove, Thomas Grant,™ I.eaiuler Green, neiijaniin 
 Harri Ivdward Ilarkness. \V. H. Hamlin, Joh'i S. Hill, John K. Lester, John B. I.iliby, Nat H. I.ane, Charles 
 Low. '. I) I.iWiy, Daniel Morrison, \V. V. Mniiroe, V.. H. McAlmond, M. S. Norton, Iv. H. Nichols, H. J. 
 01ne>, X. T. Oliver, J. G. I'arker, G. H. Parker, Jacob Scolaiul, J. VV. Smith, Frank Smith, William 
 
 •Selby, Joseph Taylor, J. M. N'nnderbilt, William Williamson. Chris 
 Williams, Thomas Wilson, W. I. Waitt, James Woolery ; pilots — 
 J. W. Hurse, James Delgardno, '" S. M. Denny, James Gilman, Henry 
 McCray, Cyrus Orr, John Oliver; mates — Daniel Henson, A. F. 
 Chandler, John Fussell, James Hcaly, Daniel Huntley, William 
 Hayter, William Jan.soin, Cyrus Orr, Joseph Oliver, John Oliver, 
 S. M. I'ercival, J. M. I'hillips, William Selby, J. M. Vanderbilt, 
 Frank Waters, (ieorge Walker, William U. Woolery ;" engineers — 
 Stephen Antonio, James Avery, Robert Airey. George Allen, Charles 
 Howell, J. W. Hur.se, Thomas Ben.son, I. J. Chapman, Timothy 
 CosgrilT, Henry Denny, Robert Davis,' W. W. Davis. Iv W. Doty, 
 James Diirgan, Henry Duane, Peter Doyle, O. O. Denny. C. H. 
 Grinwald, George Gilsoii, John Godbold, James Grifiiths, James Gray, 
 John Hicks, William Hoyle Collier, ' William H. Hainmoiid, J. A. 
 Jeii.scm, David Kennedy, J. H. Kennedy, George Kelly, James 
 Kirch, Harry l.ord, Henry I.anis, Dennis I.awler, A. E. I.aHallister, 
 John Melville, M. I). McCall, Melville McCorcle, Robert Moran, Peter 
 Moran, John Malcolm, W. K. Merwin, James Morgan, Peter Nelson, 
 
 •'Capt. Tlioiniis ('.rant wiis l«irn in Nova Srotiii in l.Sso. anil while a youuK 
 man sailed on the .AtlRtilic Coast ami Lakes, reaching l'n;;et .Sound in 1.S74 and 
 fjoiiif,' on the Xoilli I'luifif a.s lU-vklianil. lie lilleil llial position until 1S77. when 
 he WHS appointed mate of the steanuT. In 1879 lie was j;iven (-ominaiiil of the 
 . Iliila, which he ran lor a year, anil then went to the Willamttte River as mate on 
 \.\\t! tiofiiiiitr (liKzrr Mu\ C'liiimfiiini. In I.SSi lie rctiirneil to the Souml in roni- 
 nuuiil of the (iioigi' li. Slaii , anil scrveil with the Oregon Railway iS; Navigation 
 Conipaiiv until i.SS| as untstcr of the ./;;«/(' Slm'iii/, Idaho, Wehviiie and /iiniiia //oniiin/. When la- left this .service he took 
 the slirnwiicel slcainer />ii/> liiiiif^, in compaay with (leorge Roberts and others, and ran her from Tacoma to Ileinlerson's Hay. 
 He sold his interest to his partners shortly afterward and worked with Ca])t. Tom Wright on the /ilhii .Iik/iIsou as mate and 
 pilot iliirinn the winter of i,S.S,|. He suliseiiueutly i)urcha.seil the steamer 
 WilJuvoJ and spent several tliousaiul dollars upon her in repairs. ,She Imrned 
 tell iliy-i after slie was ready to run, and he then secured employment as nuister 
 cif the steamer rolillco/sky, with wliich he remained for two years. He left lier 
 for the tut; l'ii<ni;i\ which he commanded for six years, ami in 1S92 was inlcr- 
 islcil in the construction of the tn^ />iuofiiv, taking command of her as soon 
 as she «Liil into connnission. and still retaining tliat position. 
 
 Capt. James DelKardno of Tori Townsend was one of the arrivals in 
 iSy-,, rcachiuK the .Sound on the lirij; Afitishall. Delgardno was horn in Scot- 
 laiiil ill iSu and went to sea when hut a hoy, arriving in San Francisco in i.Ss2 
 ami K»iiiK to llie .Sound a year later. After making two trips north from San 
 Iraacisd) lie left the hri^ and liuilt the schooner .Inn />iif;iiithii>, which he ran 
 111 tile .Sacramento trade until 1S55. when he returned to Port Townsend and 
 took lip a homestead, suhseiiueiilly cnterin.n the customs service. He piloted 
 ami traded on the Northern coast for ten years, and was the lirsl to en),'a>;e in 
 -calinj; fiom the .\merican side, the cli\ .liiii /)(lffiiii/iiii having heeii one of the 
 lirst sciiitoners in the Intsiness. 
 
 '■ William II. Woolery, enjjineer, Seattle, Wash., was horn in .St. I.ouis in 
 • "".v and came to the Pacific Coast when a hoy. His first .service was hetwceu .San 
 I-'raiuisici. IIoiioliilii and Panama. He went to the Sound in 1S79 and joined Hie 
 ^le.iiiu'! i'otiii't as eii^jiueer. afterward following his vocation on the /''liU-i^f'skv, 
 S I.. \l,:sliii, Shiihiiil;. and on the Oregon Railway iS; Niivi),'alioii Cumpany's 
 sleaim-i^. remaining with the latter coni|)any tour years. lie was suhseipieutly 
 iliief iiiL;iiiecr of the I'.Iha . luJfiioii ftir a short time and was einployeil 011 the 
 -Uaiiishiji ll'iillii ll'tillii uearly a year. He is at present residiii); in .Seattle. 
 
 Robert Davi.,, engineer, was horn in London in iS(i, and hcKan sailing' 
 oil". "I KiihHsU ports in 1S60. lie arrived on the Pacific Coast in 1S75. and his 
 lir^l vi>-cl was tile steamer /uivoiili\ on which he ran for a year. He was next 
 oil till' l'.li:a .liit/,'isi>n and .liiiii,' Slrwiir/ for a few months, and then went to 
 \icl(iii I, where he workeil for two years on the fuihel. He afterward entered 
 tlie ciii|iloy of Cajil Joseph Sjiratt and remained with him fwv years, during' 
 wliioli !i.- served as engineer on the ( 'aiihuo ami /■'Iv. ^faiiili\ /liiiiiia, and U'ilsnii 
 (I. Hiii:i. alter which he went to San I'raucisco. He suhse<piei''ly made a few 
 
 trips Im .\laska on the steamship .l/\>f;nak, and on leaviii>; that route was Kiiiikht Davis 
 
 iiiipluu rl on the Miiiiiiiaii, l.os .■lHi;rlcs. U'liilishoro. h'aralloii and Caivline. 
 
 William Hovle Collier, one of tlie hesl known ciiKineers on Pn^et Sound, is a native of Savannah, '.a. His first marine 
 le consisted in sailing out of New York and Southern ports to .\ustralia and the Orient. He arrived in San I'raucisco 
 Old henaii ninuinj; to Victoria on the steamship I'liiicr .llfiiil. In 1S76 he v.enl to PuKet Sound, and since that lime 
 erved as chief engineer 011 nearly all the .steamers on the routes (Hit of Seattle. When not on the water he makes his 
 Kan^or, Kitsap Cou.ity, Wa.sh. 
 
 I'.eorKe Kellv, eiiKineer, was horn in Itoston in i,S(9, and moved to the Pacific Coast alx ut 1S71. Soon after his arrival he 
 ij;ed to place'the machinerv in the tUK lilaL-elv, with which he ran as r.ijjiueer, suhseipieutly holdinj,' a similar position on 
 Jfax.'itH: Hefore he came to the Pacific Coast he was einiiloyed as tiiKineer in the Morgan Line out of New York for a 
 1 years. In 1879 he started a machine shop in Seattle, which he conducted for many years, ami at the time of the hi^ fire 
 iietor of the .Seattle Boiler Works. He is at present residing in .Seattle. 
 
 • I 
 
 rir-! 
 
 '.1! 
 
278 
 
 Lewi's (J Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 f.} 
 
 ^..f, 
 
 William Mum.k Coi.lii h 
 
 Kenneth Nicholson,'' John Nation, Julian Olney, Otto Krown. J. S. Oliver, Cyrus Olney, Fred IVtorson, 
 Gilliert Phelps, Frank Parker, Thomas I'ieree, Martin Paup, J. A. Kol>b, Thomas Robertson, Charles >iiiTry, 
 I'Ulward Still, William Spieseke, James Sandill, Kdward Stearns, Joseph Taylor, John Tate, Philip Van 'I'assell, 
 John West, J. Willininson. 
 
 The steamer Dnisy was built at Seattle in iH.So for the Puget Sound Transjiortation Company, who |iiil licr 
 in the Skagit trade in charge of the following officers: J, G. I'arker, captain ; Harry Lord, engineer : S. M. 
 Denny, pilot. The steamer Augusta, a small propeller, was launched at Port 
 Madison and used in the jobbing business. Another small propeller, the Virginia, 
 was brought to the .Sound in i.s.So by Morgan '" & Gilmorc, who had purchased her 
 in San Francisco for S2.250. The old steamer Tfiucr, constructed on the Columbia 
 many years before, was converted into a schooner. The steam scow Capital, built 
 by Allen '• <S: Hnrkins, the sidewheel steamer .-11 k'i, by Capt. M. I). McCall,'" and 
 the little steamers /uiil/i diair, Sialtle and /or Aiiaiiis, were also added to the 
 Sound fleet. The steamer /'avorilf was sold l)y D. H. Finch to X'anderbilt & Co. 
 of Portland for $5,000. Steamboat Insjiector Hammond, who was appointed when 
 the Puget Sound District was established, was succeeded in 1880 by Captain Mor- 
 gan of Port Town.send. The sailing ve.ssels completed in the Northwest in 1880 
 included the Hawaiian schooners k'aiii, Keaouli, 139 tons, a.\\A Jennie Walker, \y; 
 
 tons, the San Franci.sco pilot schooner 
 
 l.ady Mine, 55 tons, schooner yacht 
 
 Agjiie, so tons, and the barkentine 
 
 Wrestler, 470 tons, from Hall Brothers' 
 
 yards at Port Ludlow. This firm also 
 
 built the Hawaiian steamer C. li. /lisliop, 28 1 tons. The schooner 
 
 State of Sonora, 310 tons, and the /::'a. 265 tons, were .set afloat 
 
 at Seabeck. At Coos Bay, H. R. Reed launched the barkentine 
 
 '''Kenneth Nicholson, engineer, was horn in Srotlainl in 1S41). auM com 
 nienced sleamboatinj; in the Nortliwest as fireman on tlie /ili:ii Aiiil,}\:<ii in 
 iS69. He afterward held a similar ])osition on the U'i/.uiii (•'. Hunt and ( ihiiifia. 
 and secured an enK'neer's license in 187N to join the steamer (V/cc, wuli wliicli 
 he remained for tliree years. He left Victoria to enter the Oregon Kailway & 
 Navigation Company's service on the Nortli I'licijie. and snt)sei|uenlly worked 
 on the (uvrge n. Starr and (>tyiiifia. He left in i.SS; and w.is einiilovfil for 
 two years on the tiiKS TiUi»>i,i and Tver. He retnrneil to the .\'i»M /i;.;//i .™l 
 served as cliief engineer four years, and then joineil the tuK />isii>:,iv, with 
 which he is still connected. 
 
 ■"Capt. James Morgan was born in Illinois in 1S40 and moved to I'liget 
 Sound in 1875. His first work 
 was on the steamer /( rwrt/, going 
 from her to the Teaser. He 
 then served as fireman on the 
 Pespati/i for a year, and was 
 afterward engineer on the .litilie 
 and Despateli. He then went to 
 ,San Trancisco and with Capt. 
 James dilniore pnrcha.sed the 
 steamer l'iii;ii:i'ii, which they 
 started on the route between 
 
 Port Townsend, Irondale and Whidby Island. Cajitain Oilmore soon disposed of 
 
 his interest to Captain Hastings, and the new firm of Morgan & Hastings secured 
 
 purchased the 
 lit and jobbing 
 later the partner- 
 ship was dissolved, and Captain Morgan took the /)es/>tite/i, which he continued on 
 
 the Neah Ray route two years longer. In company with Capt. \V. S. Mann he 
 
 boufjht the steamer Evanxet in 1S90, and operated her in the same business. I-'rom 
 
 July, 1.S90, until iSq4, tiie /iiaiigel carried the mail between Tort Townsend, 
 
 Whatcom and intermeiliate ports, giving a very satisfactory service to the C.overn 
 
 inent and the people. The Straits Steamship Company was formed July i, 1S94, by 
 
 Capt. James Jlorgan, I.. B. Hastings. W. S. Mann and A. I,. Horn. They operated 
 
 the Willapa on the Seattle anil Neah Hay route, the £fanj;et to Port Townsend, 
 
 Port Angeles, Dungeness and Victoria, and the Ci'iirliuiit on the Neah Hay route. 
 
 Captain Morgan was in command of the Jiiangel at the time of the terrible boiler 
 
 explosion in 1892, and had left the steamer only a few minutes before the accident 
 
 happened. While running to Neah Hay he laid the cable between Tatoosh Islaml 
 
 and the mainland, completing the task in three days, and receiving J500 for his 
 
 services. 
 
 " Cajit. George S. Allen, Olympia, Wash., is a native of Maine. His first 
 
 marine work on the Sound was with the .steamer Capital, which he owned with H, Harkins, the latter running as nuistcr :r 1 .Mitn 
 
 as engineer. They operated her for two years and then sold the hidl to Percival. Captain Allen then retired from the « cr unui 
 
 1892, when he purchased the steamer I'isietta, which he has since handled. 
 
 " Capt. M. I). McCall was born in Wisconsin and was engaged in the marine business on the Lakes for about twem ve.irs. 
 
 leaving there for Seattle in 1.S77. His first work on the Sound was with the steamer Favorite, and in 1S80 he built the iwlieel 
 
 steamer At Ki, operating her for eight years, towing on the Snohomish and Skagit rivers. He then took charge of ll'.' leainer 
 
 Cascades, which he ran for about a year, and since that time has not been regularly employed. He is at present residi a; Ml. 
 
 Vernon. 
 
 CAIT. JA.MKS Mokt.AN 
 
 ms interest to i_apiain iiasiings, aim iiie new iirni 01 morgan oi nasi 
 the mail contract on the Neah Ray route for eight years. They pi 
 Despalcli and built the Enterprise, running the Virginia in the freight 
 business and the Enterprise on the Victoria route. About a year later 
 
 llAHK\ llAKKlNh 
 
IU}\ I.K Cui.l.thK 
 
 [ liiovci! to I'li^ft 
 
 Modern Propeller Steamships Appvgr, Orvyon Rai!»ay cj /Navigation (iompany Incorpanitcd 2~9 
 
 (ifon ('. /'irkins, ^fu) tons. Other marine craft coiistnicted this season were the barges Atlas, 625 tons, at The 
 DalU liy<i/</n'f, Ihk) tons, anil Hinida, ^^44 tons, at I'ortlanil. The schooner i'li(uiif>ioii was l)nilt at Tort 
 Town iul l)y Capt. V.. \l. McAhnond. and was used as a sealer for many years by Capt. Henry McAltnond. '' 
 
 Tlie Columbia River grain fleet in iHSo consisted of thirty-two British and seven American barks, eleven 
 liriti^ anil six American ships, twoOerman and four Italian barks, a total of sixty-two vessels, carrying j,,sfi2,,Vi' 
 ci'iita; ■ Df wheat, valued at #4,4.s7.><i<). The largest of the fleet was the American ship /-llhn A/iXcil, \.^^2 tons 
 anil tlif Mualk'sl the British bark /oiif, s.-o tons. Twenty-five registered over i,ix>ii tons each, nineteen over 
 i.ioi' tons, thirteen over 1,200 tons, .seven over i,,io<> tons, and five over 1,400 tons. The British shiii 
 .l/i(rf.':<//li ('(fi//c, one of the arrivals, saved over !S7,(xx) to her owners by reaching Portland just before 
 Ihc cxiiiralion of her cliarter, January 31st. It was laa- in the evening of the thirtieth before she reported 
 at .\stniia, and the steamers l.iitiinr a'ul Oik/nlntma, directed by Pilot Reed, made a great race against time, 
 lowing her into the harbor limits with but an hour to spare. The amounts and values of the wheat shi|>inents for 
 llie preceding eight years were as follows : i,S74, 2,^12,581 centals, valued at 14,549,992 ; 1875, 2,1195.532 centals, 
 J;,.('i"->72 ; 1X7'^'. 2. ,894. 722 centals. $4,405,029; 187;, ,i, 388, 473 centals, $7,310,529; 1.S78, 2.4211, 7(18 centals, 
 54,357.826; 1879, 2,457,0811 centals, 55,3)5.4110. The shippers in i8,So were: Sibson iS: Church, eighteen 
 cargiies ; Balfour, CiUthrie & Co., sixteen; Kodgers, Meyer & Co., ten; Salem Flour Mills Com|),Tny, seven; 
 Ileiuy llcwett iS: Co., seven; C. W . McNear, three; J. M. Ten Bosch, one. A regular line of sailing vessels, 
 Sutton & Co's Dispatch I.ine, which is still in operation l)etween New York aiul the Columbia River, was 
 tstalilished in 1880. The Pilot Commissioners on the Columbia in 18811 were, J. A. Brown, presiden!, 
 J. G, Hustler and J. H. 1). 
 
 dray, with S. T. McKean, - ' -v*;:.; ■;• • v.;v - — >'-^r^:i|| 
 
 secretary. 
 
 l'"ast passages made by 
 the sailing fleet were tho.se of 
 the /<■.«.«/( A'ickeisoii, Captain 
 Boiiifield, ten days from the 
 Hawaiian Islands to Hum- 
 lidliU, and the IC. /.. /Itihr,-, 
 eleven days and seventeen 
 hours troni Honolulu to Port 
 Towiisend. Both of the 
 record-breakers were Puget 
 Sound productions. Several 
 ve.s.si.ls met with disaster in 
 iSSn. but, fortunately, the 
 loss of life was comparatively 
 Miiall. The British bark /V/- 
 hanii\ a composite vessel of 
 1,29^ tons register, stranded 
 at tile north entrance to the Columbia River, March loth. She was crossing out from Astoria wheat-laden 
 fur Ouuenstown, and, in tow of two tugs, went agroinid. She was so heavily laden that it was impossible 
 to float her, and the heavy sea soon knocked her to [lieces. The revenue cutter and the tugs rescued llic 
 crew and took them to Astoria. The disaster was caused by the failure of the bark to answer her helm. The 
 vessel was valued at $65,000 aiul the cargo at $78,0110. The American bark /hiviti lloadley, 984 tons, Capt. 
 .V. Swaiiton, from San h'rancisco for Puget Sound in ballast, was driven ashore near Point Williams during a gale, 
 Deccinlier I5tli, and became a total loss, but the crew escaped. The .American bark lioitial Col>l\ Cajit. J. 1,. 
 niiver, from San Francisco for Seabeck, stranded three-quarters of a mile east of Portland Point, January 14th, at 
 S:i)ii I'. M., during a heavy gale from the southwest. The captain's account of the disaster is as follows : " We 
 sighted Cape Beale at 7:,v> on the morning of the fourteenth, and the vessel stood ofl' under .shortened sail until 
 voi I'. M., when we commenced making sail and continued standing off shore. About 7:30 i'. M. the main 
 topgallant sail was carried away and two men were .sent aloft to repair the damage. Land was sighted, but before we 
 coulil get the ship arouiul she struck. The second sea lifted her over and off the reef and the wheel was jiut hard 
 up a;.;,iin, but she immediately brought up on a large rock. The ma.'ts were cut away to ea.se her, and the anchors 
 Were dropped. The crew attempted to reach shore by crawling out on the spanker boom, but a heavy .sea 
 smashed it and washed one man overboard. All hands then went forward and remained until daylight, when 
 
 , StUnilNKM 0\| H THK ClMjlll.I.K K 1 V !■: K \\\K. HlCIWKt.N llll'. 
 NoRlii ,\M» SlM'TH jKTni-.S 
 
 i I'i 
 
 I 
 
 n 
 
 '■* 
 
 'Capt. Henry Rle.-Miiionil of Port .Aii^^elos was born in Washiii^toti in iS6i. He was lirst einployeil on the sehnoner 
 Chaiiifioii, stationeil at the Cape, friini 1H7S to 1SS2. lie then went with her to .\laska on a trailing anil sea-otter-huntin),' cxiieililioii. 
 lakiiii ihe I'lrst crew iif native hunters enga^eil lor that ser\iee. The hunters retnrneil to the Sonnil, anil Captain Me.\lnionil titteil 
 out ll ./>/,/ as a ]iilol-lioat anil operateil her for two years. lie next saileil north, fishing anil sealing, with tlie sclioiiner Maiy 
 I'iiik ' . On returning he was conneoteil with the .Sounil steamers for a year, anil then fitteil out the scale. /■'il:,,iiil I'.. Wthilci , 
 with " liicli he hniUeil for a few months. lie next hail charge of the ruiilaii, running .is a johliing steamer, ami his last vessel was 
 llic M ling sehooncr Felix, which he sailed for a year anil then purehaseil a prune orehanl at Port Williams. 
 
 , II. -S 
 
2So 
 
 Lewis <J Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 we made a .swinKiiiK Ixxjiii of a piiirail, by means of which we reached the rock, with provisions. Aftir 
 remaining there two days and one niglit we were resened liy some Indians, and, after recovering li..tn the 
 hardships whioli we had endnred, were taken to a small island in Cliiyo<|uot Sound. Nineteen days later w« 
 reached Victoria on the schooner .l/ir/, Captain Francis." The luiifinl Cohh was Imilt at llatli, Me., in is,), and 
 at the time of her loss was owned l>y W. J. Adams of San Francisco. The point where she grounded is Imt litiji 
 over a mile from the spot where the American hark A/iis/aHt; had heen lost fourteen years before. The m iKHUier 
 O/ifu Scliull-e, from San Kranci.sco for the Siuslaw River, was wrecked near the latter place April jKili, aiiil all 
 hands were lost. There were no witne».ses to the di.saster, and the ves.sel is sui>posed to have caj)si/.e(l on the liar. 
 The American barkentine Joufpli /'tiiiiis. a Pu^et Sound built vessel, was stranded on Wailui Riif. 
 Hawaiian Islands, May 14th, while bound for Port Gamble to load lumber. She was beatiuR out (if Knhulni 
 Harbor with a pilot on board and misstayed. The strong breeze .sent her ashore, where she became a toinl 
 wreck. The American ship '/'/iriis/ii-r. Captain Bosworth. from Xanaimo to vSaii Francisco with 2,6110 tons of coal, 
 while in tow of the steamers /:7/<j ll'/ii/i- and /Iniirt, struck on (labriola Reef, July 14th, and liecame a tcilal loss. 
 H. It. M. ship Triumt>li was sent to the rescue but was unable to render a.ssistaiice of any value. The '/'liiaslin 
 was a new vessel and remarkably well built. J. F. iMixelhart of N'ictoria purcha.sed the wreck for >,!;i»iaiiil 
 the coal cargo for $50. The steamship (rmsir /(•//(;//■ ended a life of vici.ssitudes at Rocky Point, Coos Hay, wliert- 
 she was wrecked September 25th, soon after leaving I-jnpire City for San I-'rancisco. In January, i.s.So. aftir two 
 years in the Coos Hay coal trade, she was sent to Honolulu, but, finding the island traffic unprofitable, had 
 
 returned to the Cotts Hay 
 route oidy a short tiiiif 
 before the accident hap- 
 pened She was insured for 
 #7,5(K), and the wreck sold 
 for 5,S,S<>. The barkentine 
 IK //. Ga-.iliv, from Port 
 Madison for San I'raiirisco. 
 went ashore while entering 
 the Golden Gate during a 
 
 dense fog ()ctol)er 2,vl- The 
 vessel was in charge of Capt. 
 James Iv Williams, who sent 
 his pa.ssengers ashore, and 
 with the mate and a portion 
 of the crew reniainetl on 
 board until the next morn- 
 ing, when they were taken 
 off" by the life-saving crew. 
 A portion of the In in her 
 cargo was saved, but the 
 
 vessel proved a total loss. She has been previously mentioned in the history as the Cohieii /uif;lr. which burned 
 in Iwquimalt Harbor about 1859. The crew abandoned her there, and an Ivnglish man-of-war .sank her with a 
 .shell ; but .she was afterward raised and .sold to G. A. Meiggs of Port Madi.son, who named her after his ,San 
 Francisco partner. The British bark (i/en Fniin, coal-laden from Newcastle for Portland, was abandoned in a 
 leaking condition off Barclay Sound, December 8th. The vessel encountered heavy gales near the eipiator, 
 which started her .seams, and when nearing the Columbia southerly winds drove her northward out of her conrse. 
 The crew reached King's Island, where they remained for a week, and were then taken to Victoria by the schooner 
 Favorite. The Hawaiian .ship Malhildc, from Burrard's Inlet for Callao with a cargo of lumber, was abandoned 
 at sea June 24th. Tiie crew e.scaped in boats and headed for Charion Island, 360 miles away, reaching theru July 
 3d, but finding no water they sailed for Sorocco Island, distant 216 miles. Before reaching there a cyclone struck 
 them, and after it had passed the captain's boat was not to be seen ; that of the mate reached Ma/.atlan, and 
 the survivors were carried to San Francisco on the steamer A'twbini. The captain was accompanied by hi~ wife. 
 formerly Mi.ss McNatt of Port Ludlow, to whom he had been married a few days before sailing. The scliioner 
 Courser, wrecked at Shoalwater Bay several months previous, was rai.sed and repaired by Whitelaw, iIk- San 
 Franci.sco wrecker, who took her to Astoria, where she was sold at auction Decendier i.sth, Captain Trask secnring 
 her for $18,000. 
 
 ASTUKIA ANli CATIU.AMKr BAY I.IMIKINO IvASTWAHIt 
 
CIIAPTHR XIV. 
 
 Stkamship "Vaijuina" Him.t at I'okti.ani) — Tiik V'ii.i.arh Syni>icati'; I'l kciiashs Tun Wki.i. Known 
 Coast Stkamsiiii'S — Tiik Stark Link on ProKT Soi'nd AcyriRiU) iiv tiik Okkc.on KAir.wAv M: 
 N'avic.ation Comi'anv— Thi; " Hakvkst (ji'KKN " Hroiciit Thuouc.ii Tin; I)ai,i,i;s Tiik "Soitii 
 Hknd," tiik First Stkamkr Constrictkh on Siioai.watkr Hay — Coh'miua Tkanspuktatidn 
 Comi'Anv — Pkopi.k's Transportation Company — Smoaiavatkr Hay Transportation Company— 
 Stkamkr "IIknry Vii.i.ard" on I.akk I'knd h'Orkili.k " W'ki.comk." "Annik Stkwart" and 
 
 ■Rip Van Winki.k" Go to I'fc.KT SofNi)— Nimkrois Saii.inc. Vksski.s IIcii.t on I'rc.KT Soi nd - 
 Tkkriiii.k Fatk ok tiik " I.ipatia "— Wrkck oi' tiik "Rival," " Fkrn (Ii.kn," " Ka.mxii.ki.aw," 
 "O. Hkoiciiton," ' Iu>itii I.ornu" " Twknty-kirst oi' May" "Corsica," " II arvkst Momk," 
 " Mai.i.kym.i.k " ANi> "Rainikr" Thk Ship "Oi.v.mpis" Hurnko at Si:a — " Ci.atsop Ciiikk" 
 .Sink iiv Stkamsiiip "Orkgon" — Ci.osinc; Days ok Stkamhoat Sn-RKMAcv on tiik Middi.k Rivkr 
 
 -Stkamkrs " R. R. Thompson" and " Moi'ntain Qi'ickn" HRorciiT <)\-kk tiik Cascakks— I'acikic 
 Coast Stkamsiiip Company Withdraws prom tiik Coi.imiua Rivkr Trauk — Portland Trii 
 Company and tiik "1'ionkkr" — Washinc.ton Stkamhoat Company. 
 
 U\\ MOST notable feature of the marine business of 18.S1 was the arrival in the Northwest of 
 
 .several large steamships of modern build. Among the niimlier were the \l'i/la»iclle, 
 
 .Uississ/'/'/n'. Ciiiii/iUti. Wallii Walla and /ianiaid Cas/lr. The i'ai/iiii/a and JAiij />. Iliiitn\ 
 
 Oregon productions, were also added to the fleet. 
 
 The W'illamdte was Iniilt for the Oregon Iin- 
 
 lirovtnient Company at Cher.tcr, I'a.. in iS.Si, 
 
 and arrived at Portland, June 14th, eighty days 
 
 from Xew York, with .^,,V7 tons of iron for the 
 
 Oregon Railway iS: Navigation Company. She 
 wa;. ill charge of the following officers : Lewis Meyer, captain ; John 
 k. I<i)ckhard, first officer; Lewis Williams, second officer; M.S. 
 Starlxick, third officer; \. A. Winship. chief engineer; William 
 M. MfhafTy,' first assistant ; Scott, .second assistant, and Brennan, 
 third .issistant, with a crew of fifty-one all told, among whom was 
 F. \V. Patterson.' Meyer was succeeded by Captain Holmes, who 
 in turn gave way to Capt. I,. I,. Simmons. In 18.S8 Capl. I). O. 
 Blackburn served as master, and a year later C. K. Hansen took 
 
 ' Williiiiii H. ]\Iflialiy, cii).;iiieer, was born ill I'liiladelpliia in 1S54, anil, 
 after ..c rvipi; an appreiiliccsliip, began saibng out of Philadelphia to Liverpool 
 cm till- stu.inisbip OIno, ami remained there as third, second and first assistant 
 for lUMrly two years. .After a .short time on oilier steamers he came to the 
 I'acilii Coast as first assistant on the steamship U'illamille in iSSo, was promotfd 
 on 111 r arrival, and held the position of chief eiiK'neer four years. I'Vom the 
 ll'ii'i'.iiii,-//,- he went to the steamship I'liiiiler, running l<> Honolulu. The 
 /'/in;/ r was wrecked on the islands a few months later. MehatTy joined the 
 slc^iiiar /lauaiian Chief for a few months, and then went to the steamer 
 ./«(.'' tHa as first assistant. He left her in .\ustralia and returned to San P'ran- 
 oisiM, «liere he joined the steam whaler lltrhna, servinK as chief for two sea.° i;.' 
 anil Miliseipiently acceptinj; a similar position on the steam whaler .Winchal, 
 wlieri he remained for thirty-two months. 
 
 CAI'T. I). B. JACKSUN 
 
 'I'". W. Patterson, engineer, was born in Portland, Me., in 1850, and came to the Pacific Coast as oiler on the steamship 
 "'//' /;,//,-, which he left at Portland to join the George W. 'ilder. He afterward served on Panama steamers, and was engaged on 
 till- li; ; Tyee aiul Hk' steamer /■.7hii .Inileison on I'uget Sound. He was first a.ssistant on the . hicon for lliree years, remaining with 
 lier 11', ill she was lost. He snl)se(|uently served in the same position and as chief on the .steamers ll'i/miiit;t,ii .'ind l/ayliaii h'<piihlif 
 for 111 ,,rly three years. Since then he h.,i been engaged on steam schooners, and at present is first iLssistanl on the sleamer SidiiiI. 
 
 
 VI 
 
 ■ I i 
 
 , I 
 
282 
 
 Lewis <J Dryden'a Marine History oF thv Pacific Northwest 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 w 
 
 
 if.' 
 
 k 
 
 W' 
 
 CHAHI.hH U llAHA 
 
 tharKr. remniniiiK with hir until iHi;s, when he diet! suddenly at Acapulco. O. N. Jessen wan ihiii nivw 
 oiinMiaiid, with Jolin IlnUKhton,' iliief cnKincer. The M'illnnuilf collided with the steniner I'nmin in i«)<,, 
 witli fatal cfll'ot, on account of which Hansen's license was sus|>ended for a short time, and Captain I.iwi^ lucik 
 his place. The W'illamdk wait i,f>yj tons register, witli etiKines thirtyeight and seventy liy fifty two iirIu.,, 
 
 The AiissUsipf>i. which followed the Willnmilli-, arrived at I'orllaiiil, 
 V • August .> 1st, ninety days from New York, with Iv \V. tlolmes. (.i|it,iiii, 
 
 C. Trilton, first oBicer, I,. M. (iarrison,' second officer, J. Jolinsun. ilijcf 
 engineer, J. Wliitaker, first assistant, 11. Jackson, second assistant, and 
 Charles O'llara ' was also <nic of the crew. The /I//vj/va/>/i/ w is tiuilt 
 at Dumbarton in i.s6^ for the Cunard Company to carry coppti ure in 
 tlie Mediterranean, and was accordingly very strongly conslrucltd. 
 Soon after completion she was .sold and became a blockade tinniiT, 
 but was captured on her first voyage by the United Slates sli aintr 
 .l/i»i,'"i"'"' while making her way out of Charleston harbor willi a 
 cargo of cotton. The United States {ioverinneiit transformed In r InUi 
 a fighting ves.sel carrying eleven guns, .seventeen olVicers, and one 
 hundred and five men. At the close of the war she was purchased by 
 Itaker & Sons of New York, who ran her from there to New Orliaus. 
 .She was afterwar<l operated between Hi.ston and the Western Isl,\nds, 
 owned by Portugal, on the coast of Africa. In i8,Si she pn.ssid into 
 the hands of the Oregon Improvei'ient Company, in whose service- she 
 came to the I'acific Coast. After her arrival .she engaged in the coal 
 trade until March, i8H,v when she burned at the dock in Seattle (set 
 wreck of steamship Mississipfii). 
 
 The Vmatilla, al.so owned by the Oregon ImiJrovement Com- 
 pany, arrived at Portland, October 2d, sixty-three days from New 
 York, with Frank Worth," captain, James Snow, first ofiicer, II. A 
 Cobb, second officer, O'Hrien, third officer, William H. Niemaii, diief 
 engineer, A. U. Hughes, first a.ssistant, J. S. Kidd, second assistant, S. N. Haines, third assistant. Tiic 
 
 ''John HauKlitoii, en){inet'r, was born in I''nKl»«d in 1846, served his Hjiprenticesliip at Koxlinll I'oiuidry, I.iverpiidl, ami 1 ;>tiu' 
 to Hoston in 1873. lie worked there for » firm of shipbiiihiers until 1874, then came to the Paeil'ii' Coa.st ami entered tlir enipldv i>r 
 the I'nion Imn Works. .-Mter serving there for ahont two years he joined the sitamsliip (i'(j(//V tt» fourth assistant cnnineir lie 
 remained four years on the (inilii, eighteen nn)nths of which he was second assistant, and then hehl tlie same liertli mm the 
 h'io Janeim for a year. lie was next first assistant on the steamship Afissisu'fifii, leaving her the trip liefore slie linrned to ^n as 
 first assistant on llie steamship Snii I'lhlo. He was on the latter ou the memoralile trij) when she ran out of fuel and arriveil sivoral 
 weeks overdue. I'roin the Sati /'ih/o Hau^hton went to the Ynqtiina ('it\\ where he ran as first assistant for a short time, and ilicii 
 became chief on the steamship .// AV. He was next in charge of the engines on the H'lilln Walla for sixteeen months, and lefi liir 
 about seven years a^o to take a similar position on the steamship H'illaiiielte, with which he has reniaiueil up to the present time. 
 
 ' I,. M. Garrison, steamship mate, was horn 
 in New llrnnswick in 1S41. Mis first work on the 
 Coast was on the flfississipfii, which he left atiout a 
 year before she was burned, and has since been 
 etiKaxed In the stevedoring and shipping business 
 at Seattle. 
 
 ■' Charles O'Hara was horu in Ireland in 1838, 
 and lie^an sailing out of Continental ports when a 
 boy. In 1.S53 he was in the tngboat service out of 
 Boston, anil came to the I'acific Coast about twenty 
 years ago, joininj; the (7/r 0/ Sydney at San I'ran- 
 risco. After sailing with her to .Australia for over 
 two years, and on the same route on the Cily 0/ 
 i\'eu' Yoik for a short time, he returned to New 
 Vork ami joined the steamer h'io Janeiro, runninx 
 to South .\mericau ports. A few months later he 
 went to the steamer Nen'/>oit, running to Havana, 
 and thence to the steamship /.oiiisiana to New- 
 Orleans. When the new steamship fl/ississi'Mi 
 started for the I'acific Coast, O'ltara came with her 
 to Portland and remained ou board for about four 
 mouths. He subseciuently entered tlie tugboat 
 service at San Trancisco and varied that work with 
 occasional trips to .Alaska on fishing schooners. 
 
 •Capt. Frank Worth was born in New Jersey 
 ill 1843 anil has followeil the sea since boyhood, sailing on the .\tlautic Coast until r,S8o, when he superintended the buildinK f '''^ 
 steamship Uiiialilla at Chester, J'a., and on completion brought her to the Pacific Coast, where he remained in charge lui lirtf 
 years. After leaving the Utnatilla he was engaged ou a number of coasting steamers, and in 1892 took conitnand of the -' nner 
 Alice lUiinehard, .sailing to .Maska. The /llane/ianf carried as cargo the machinery, timbers and all the eijuipnient for lln iargi- 
 sternwheel steamer /'. />'. Il'eaie, which John J. Holland constructed at St. ^lichaels for the North American Transporl.' in X 
 Trading Company. Captain Worth and crew remained there until the steamer was ready to run, and since his return li : luc" 
 engaged on a number of Sound steamers. He resides in Latoiia, near Seattle. 
 
 'William H. Nieman, engineer, was born in Pennsylvania in 1847 and began his marine career in 1874 ou a steam .illier 
 belonging to the Reading Railroad Company. He came to the Pacific Coast as chief on the steamship Uiiialilla and occupi. ' dial 
 position for five years, then went to the steamer Xealandia as first assistant for two years, and, after a few months as chief 11 liie 
 Walla Walla, accepted the same position on the steamship Australia, where be has since remained. 
 
 STKAMSlin- " l'.MAriLI.A ' 
 
Thv dating Ddya of thv Oolikn Era of Columbia River Steamboat ing 
 
 t8$ 
 
 Cai'T. I-ha.nk WtiKnl 
 
 r»(.; 7.1 was Imilt nl Chester. I'a., in tSHi, and is three hniiilred nnil ten feet Ioiik, forty feet six inches I>eam, 
 and I irtv feet three inches hold. She run in the coal trade in charge of Worth nntil i.s,S(, when she met witli 
 an ac ulent at Cape I'Mattery which retireil her from service for a year i see wreck of / 'iiiiililhi, i8.S.}i, Captiiins 
 lldhii ■>, Ulackburn and Hunter" succeeded Worth in connnand. and after several years of service as a collier she 
 
 was ei|ui|)|>ed as a passeUKer steamer and is plyiiiK hctwcen San Francisco 
 and I'ugct Sound. The W'lilh ll'ii/i'n, the fourth steamer of the Oregon 
 Improvement tleet, was Imilt at Chester. I'a., in i.ssi, and rcKislcteil j, i ',4 
 tons, with cnKines forty and seventy four hy tifty inches. She arrived at 
 Portland, Novemher J4th, seventy-one days from New Vork, with W. II. 
 De W<df," captain, (ieorue C. Campbell, first ofticer, Oeornc I.. Ilohlis, 
 second oflicer, Thomas I'orter, chief engineer, C.eorRe U. Crosby, first 
 assistant. I). I). Wass, second assistant. I)c Wolf was suiceedeil in com- 
 mand by Captains Simmons, Hansen and Ulackburn. The U,i//ii U11//11 
 was enganed in transporting coal until iss.s, when she was litlcd with 
 passenj;er accomnuKlations. At |>resent she is on the San iMancisco and 
 Puget Sound route. 
 
 The /iiiniiin/ I'lisllf was a Hritish tramp steamer, chartered by 
 Dunsmuir for the Nanaimo coal trade, anil was operated there \intil i.s.Sd 
 by Captains Voun^f, Colvin, STuitli and rrc|nliarl. While in cliarnc of the 
 latter she was wrecked on Rosedale reef in l.S.So 1 see wreck of luinmid 
 Ciisllii. The steamship )\ii/ui>i(i was built at Portland by U. Sorenson for 
 /.. J. Hatch and D. S. Tuthill. She made her trial trip I)ecend)er 2,ul> in 
 connnand of Capt. J. V,. Denny. After a few voyages in the coasting 
 trade, a lime cargo fire<t her while coming uj) the Colund)ia in May. issj. 
 She reached her destination, the Pacific dock, Portland, where a futile 
 attempt was ma<le to smother the fire in the hold, but several hours later 
 the uiiper works wore ablaze. She was cut loose from the wharf and towed 
 to the east side of the river by the steamer /.iir/iii,-, where she was scuttled. 
 The hull and machinery were saved in a damaged coiulitiou, and she was afterwani rebuilt and comuRiued 
 runiiiiig in August in charge of Capt. !•!. J. Moody and Ivngineer A. Hochau, but a month later was sold to the 
 I'.icifu' Coast Steams!' ip Company, who operated her on southern routes out of San l'"rancisco. The A/ii>\ /'. 
 Iliiiiif was built at MIensburg, Or., lor the Co(iuille trade, and contained the engines Iroin the I'iukiui, wiccked 
 in i.sso. Capt. Jame:; Caughell was in command. She was 
 ninety-eight feet long, twenty-three feet beam, and ten feet hold. 
 The steamer Gonral ll'n'i;/i/ was purchased in San Francisco by 
 ColdMel Gillespie for Oovernment work at Vatinina Hay. Pennell, 
 her first master, was drowned a few days after taking command, 
 and Capt. S. K. Habbidge-^- succeeded him. 
 
 The old steamship Oihaha. a well known vessel twenty- 
 five years before, was running between San Francisco ai.d I'uget 
 Sound ill charge of Captain Alexander with ICngineers I.ampmaii, 
 Wi^'niiis and Green. An im])orlant change in steamship circles 
 occurred in November, when the Pacific Coast Steamship Com- 
 pany sold to the V'illard syndicate the steamships liiireka, Idaho, 
 IhkoUt, S/ti/f of California, .llcxaiuier niintau, Sciialor, Orizaba, 
 .liiioii, /.OS Ain;flis and Oi/irii of tlic Padfic. The luiiika was the 
 
 ■Capt. J. C. Hunter was l)orii in Sweden in i.S4,^ anil conniienced 
 KoiiiLi 111 sea wlieii sixteen years olil. liis lirst exinrieiicf lieii').; iiii tlic .\ini'r- 
 ioaii >hi]) Simla, from I.ondnn to India. His lirst work on tlie I'aeilir Coast 
 waM'ii till' steanisliip Coiitincniixl, running lietwccn .San iManiisoo and I'lirt 
 lanil Me was afterward tliird olliier on llie steanislii]> Conslilulinii, at I lie 
 liiMi- ^hl• l>uriied while in loiilc I'rotii the .Sound to San I'rancisio. Siuie that 
 liiMe In- has l)een engaged on nearly all the steamers operated liy the Pacific 
 l.na-1 .Steamship Company on their northern routes, running; between San 
 I'raihisoo and Tuget .Sonnil. 
 
 'Capt. \V. II. De Wolf was horn in Rlioile Island in 1S2S and arrived 
 on llu Pacific Coast in i.SSi with the steamship Walla Walla, on which he 
 sirvi .1 four years. He was afterward engaged in piloting on the Sound and 
 retiii I from the water ahout 1S92. He died at Seattle in 1X94. 
 
 < Capt. S. R. Ilahhidge of Newport was horn Januarv II, iSji. He coinnienccd going to sea in iH.| ( on the .\tlanlic Coast, 
 :iiiil MiK-e that time has not only heeii engaged ill coasting hoth oil the .\tlaiilic and the Pacific, hiit in the Kiiinpeau. Soiilli 
 .VniiMi.ui, West Indian, Mexican, .Australian and .\laskan trade. He sailed out of Rockland. Hostoii. New Vork, Philaiklphia. 
 DalliiiKire, Mohile and New Orleans, and at the early age of eighteen Jie was second mate on sailing vessels, which occiipalion, 
 tO),'ii iiir with that of hoatswain and carpenter, he filled for five years. He was mate ten years, master of Ww schooner ( '\<h>iu- three 
 .Vfai- and of the hark Cephas Slannell ten years. He has also oommandcil the ..'. />'. Fiilil, (Ifiinal Wiixlil, Mniitilaiiiifi, 
 l/tinaoii, Resoliile, Wilminglon and A/isiliiif. 
 
 CAl'T. S. K. Il.xllllllx.K 
 
 I 
 
 
 li 
 
 ;.'*:!• '1 
 
 !«^ ^, 
 
 '! )' 
 
284 
 
 Lewis c? Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 tn 
 
 Utile California, which had been repaired in San Francisco at an expense of $25,000. She reappeared <a\ the 
 Alaska route under her new appellation in October in charge of Captain Carroll, who had operated tlu l.os 
 Anireles in the same trade while the Eureka was undergoing repairs. Other steamships plying to the Xcniluve.st 
 in 1881 were the Einfiiri, Captain Mc/ Hep ; .Ireala and Hylloii Caslle in the coal trade ; Dakota, Captain Mor.se; 
 George W. lilder. Captain Lachlan ; Idaho, Captains Alexander and Huntin^jlon ; and Victoria, Captain H:i\ ward. 
 The St. Paul, Captain Krskine, was running to Alaska. The tramp steamship Qiiiiita, 874 tons, C.iptaiii 
 Thomp.son, arrived at Victoria from Hongkong with 514 Chinese. The old Gra/>/>ler wan launched in I'Vliruary 
 in better condition and with more power than when she left England twenty-.seven years before to take pari in 
 the Crimean War. 
 
 The Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, which had secured practical control of transpoilalion 
 on the Columbia and Willamette rivers, now turned their attention to Puget Sound, and in May, i.sSi, 
 purchased the Starr line of steamers, which included the AWtli Pacific, George IL Starr, Annie Stewart, l.taM, 
 .llitia and Otter. They at once reinforced this fleet with the Welcome, which w.is .sent from the Columbia in tow 
 of the Tacoma. The busines-. of this corporation did not suffer from the change of management, as durini; the 
 month of May the earnings were as follows : River Division, gross 5178,4511, net $88,450 ; Ocean Division, gross 
 $105,050, net $''0,050 ; Railro.id Division, gross $136, 100, net $86, ion. During the year ending June ^otli the 
 River Division handled 131,665 passengers and 422,082 tons of freight. No additions were made to their river 
 fleet, but the Harvest Queen was brought down from the upper Columbia for service between The Dalles .mid 
 the Cascades. She had a perilous trip in command of Capt. J. W. Troup, with lingineers De Huff and rarduii. 
 
 The rudders were torn off, tlii' ecieii- 
 ' ~ '~ trie and pillow blocks broken, ami 
 
 the wheel, bow and nosing daniajjed, 
 i.She started through Tuniwater, Keli- 
 ruary 8tl., and becau.se of her iniuries 
 did not pa.ss the big Dalles until Feb- 
 ruary 18th. 
 
 Capt. U. H. .Scott launched liis 
 first propeller, the FIcctuood, at Tort- 
 land, April 23d, and entered into 
 vigorous coTupetition with the Oregon 
 Railway & Navigation Company. 
 The FIcclawd was built to nui in 
 connection with the Gold /hi.ft, xvliich 
 was taken above the Cascades in 
 March, and made her trial trip M.iy 
 28lh, covering the distance lielween 
 Vancouver and Portland in lorty- 
 nine minutes, and making the entire 
 run from the Cascades in three hours 
 and sixteen minutes The Oregon 
 Railway & Navigation Company put the Dixie Thompson on the route to the Cascades and the Jfassolo on 
 the middle river, and carried passengers through to The Dalles from Portland for fifty cents. The war went 
 merrily on for several weeks, the new line apparently having the best of the situation, but in August it w.is 
 crippled by the sale of the Gold Dust to the big company. Captain Scott, thus left without a connecting 
 boat, cast about for a new route for the I'lectuvod and in Septendier started her to Astoria, where Ik- soon 
 demonstrated to the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company that they had made a serious mistake in imt 
 permitting him to operate unmolested on the Cascade run. The fare to Astoria dropped from five to two 
 dollars, and the speedy little propeller reduced the time between two and three hours, which enabled her to 
 .secure the best of the passenger traffic regardless of figures. In December the Columbia Transport. ition 
 Company was incorporated by V. H. Scott, Henry Drake and C. A. Mann. The Flccttivod was so sucn-'-lul 
 that the patronage soon overtaxed her capacity, and in 1.S83 the company, which had meanwhile licen 
 strengthened by the vSeeley Hrothers, Iv. W. Crichton and C. R. Dt.iiohue, built the 7'cle/>lionc, the listesl 
 stern wheeler in the world. On the completion of the Telephone the Fleetwood retired until kSSi-. wlieii 
 she was taken to the Sound for 'A, J. Hatch bj- Capt. George I). Me.s.segee. Hatch operated her in a I.i'.;lily 
 profitable manner between Seattle and Olympia for several years, but when Scott and his associates ihiiieil 
 the field on the Sound they again took charge of the steamer and have since used her between .Seatl; and 
 Tacoma. While on the Columbia the Flcctivood was in command of U. B. Scott and W. H. Whit' I'lul). 
 Capt. J. H. Woolery succeeded Messegee on the Sound, and /,. J. Hatch, Herbert Parker, John Joni-on.'" 
 
 '"Cflpt. John Jorilison of Seattle was l)orn in IviiKland in 1863 anil lie^an Koi'iR to sea as soon as he was old enont;: ;ii );el 
 about the ducks ancl ri^jKinK. After seeing the world as only a sailor lail call, he arrived in .Sun I'rancisco in 1S7; i tin' 
 Itrilish ship , /Mi/A(</. I,eaviii({ the vts.sel there he went to l'iif;et Sound and foHiid eiiiploytiieiit on the lower Sound i') »iii'd' 
 
 STK.VMliR " 1-I.1-;K1W()(>I>" 
 
 
 ^M 
 
TW 
 
 ; reappeared .n the 
 id operated tlu Los 
 g to the Xor; Invest 
 oln, Captain Morse; 
 , Captain Ha \ ward. 
 .S74 tons, Captain 
 inclied in Feliruary 
 efore to take pari in 
 
 il of transporialion 
 md in May, i.S.Si, 
 iiu'c SifU'tirt. liabfl. 
 lie Columbia in low 
 nent, as dnriiii; tlie 
 :ean Division, j;ross 
 [ling June ;,olli liiu 
 made to llieir river 
 en Tile Dalles and 
 ; HufT and I'ardnn. 
 torn off, the ecoen- 
 )locks liriikeii, and 
 id nosing damajjed. 
 tfh Tuniwater. Peb- 
 rause of her injuries 
 ig Dalles unlil Feb- 
 
 . Scott launched bis 
 ? /■'Iriiuomi, at I'ort- 
 md entered into 
 ion with the Oregiin 
 igation Company, 
 IS built to run in 
 le Gold /his/, ubicli 
 the Cascades in 
 her trial trip May 
 distance between 
 Portland in lorly- 
 making the entire 
 ades in three luinrs 
 lies The Oregon 
 ul the i/assdio on 
 ts. The war went 
 in August il wis 
 lout a connecling 
 ia, where he soon 
 )us mistake in not 
 from five I" iwu 
 icli enabled lar lo 
 )ia Transporl.ilion 
 was so succL^sfnl 
 meanwhile licen 
 ■f'lioiif, the 1 -test 
 unlil i,S.S('. wliun 
 1 her in a 1: 11; lib- 
 associates eiiUrcd 
 tween Sealli and 
 A'. H. Wbii-.'inb. 
 John Jure' -on. " 
 
 *as old I'lioiiK^ HI net 
 icisi'o ill iS7r ■ ! llif 
 lowur Souuii !■: •■'iiinll 
 
 The Closing Days of the Golden Era of Columbia River Steamboating 
 
 a85 
 
 Heiir\ Carter," and a luiniber of others, have since handled her. Newton Scott and Jo.seph Hayes''' were 
 
 .11U01U. her engineers on the Columbia, and Manly Danforth had charge of her machinery on the Sound for 
 
 severa'. years. 
 
 The Vancouver route, which, owing to the large amount of business furnished by the United States 
 
 garrison at that point had always been very nuich prized, was the scene of a vigorous steamboat war in i.SSi, 
 
 when the steamer U'tis/ii')ii;/o>i appeared. She was built at Portland 
 by the People's Transportation Company of X'ancouver, the directors 
 of which were Mat Brown, C. W. Slocnni, W. H. King, G. W. 
 Durgin, Henry Christ, M. O'Connell and J. R. Wintler, and com- 
 menced running in April in coinniand of Capt. Charles Troup," 
 with Joseph Hurgy, mate, and Scott Swetland, purser. The fare 
 dropped to twenty-five cents for the round trip. The old company 
 e'.entually obtained control of the business, and in 1882 the U^as/i- 
 hijLtloii was sent to the Sound, where she became one of the first boats 
 of the \Va.-.liington Steamboat Company. After the appearance of 
 finer stes.mers she was retired from .service and for the past few- 
 years has been lai.l up near ICverett on the Snohomish River, where 
 the accompanying illustralion was made. Capt. Joseph Burgy was 
 last in command on the Columbia, and Capt. Samuel Jack.son 
 operated her for many years on Puget Sound. The Josiph k'cllogfr. 
 constructed by the pioneer who.se name .she bears, was launched at 
 Portland in iS.Si. She was a hand.sonie sternwheeler 127 feet long, 
 with engines from the old steamer Payloii. Her house and ujiper 
 works were of cedar and other light woods, giving her great buoy- 
 ancy and good speed. She was put on the Cowlitz route, where 
 she has since remained. Ht owner and his sons Charles and 
 Orriii commanded the .steamer until iSijo, when \V. P. Whitcomb 
 took charge. She has been snagged several times, but has always 
 been raised without much difiiculty and is still in good condition. 
 
 .\notlier fine sternwheeler, i\w Afainanillo, was constructed at Portland in i.S.Si by Capt. Charles Bureau, who 
 
 Cait. John jiikihsun 
 
 1S71) and till- foUowiii); year was on tlie /. /.'. I.ihhw sulisi-iinciitly 
 luiui\ild ill .Sail l"raiH'isco and took a few trips down tlii' California 
 
 . witli wliiili lie reniaimMl for nearly a year, aftur wliicli lie went to 
 
 mas Hrennan. lie 
 
 'Oliooliers. lie tirst bewail steailllKialiiij; on the old .W/Z/V it 
 tuakiiiv a I'oastini; trip 011 llii- old liark I'.iiuinltl. He left tin 
 ooasl, );iiinn 10 till' .Sound ayaiii ill i.SSi on tne hark WliislU 
 work oil tilt' olil sti'aiiii'r ll'elii>iiti\ ooiiiniandi'd liy Cajit Tli 
 
 r.iii on iiiarly all of tile stvaiiiers of tlie Oregon Railway S: Navigation Coiiipaiiy 
 ,uicl riiioii Pacific Railroad in tlic capacities of malt', pilot and master until 
 .ilKiut iSSij, wlitT. lie Weill on till- steamer Wihiaoml with Cajit. Tlunnas ("■rant, 
 KiiiiiniiiK until .she burned. He mxl entered the employ of the Columbia 
 Kivcr ,S: rugcl Souml Navi>;aiioii Company, comiiiainlint; at ililfcrciit times the 
 yi:-i-lwih>J, Hdiliv (,\il:f)l and /•'l\,t. lie has been in charj^e of the latter 
 >U'aiiuM foi over three years vithout losing a trip, and is niakiii); an cxcclleiu 
 ri-cord as a iiavij;ator and tlioroa^h stc.unboatmaii. 
 
 ■' Capt. Henry Carter was Ijorii in New Ilruiiswick in iS.sS ami moved to 
 IVliiis\lv,iiiia when ipiite yollll(,'. In lS7h he went lo l'u>;el Sound and worked 
 ;"r ;i ti w iiKuitbs on the sti-aniev . I 'iJii. Wlu-ii the steamer . Itiiiir Sf<-h'iti f came 
 lomi.l iroiu the Columbia River lie joined her as cpiarlerm: sler and remained 
 with her and oil . r steamers of the Starr line until iN-i|, when he went to the 
 Cohiiiihia and shipped on the U'l'iniiirl.i- ( A/,/' wilh Capt. .\. It. Pillsbury. .Xfter 
 lii'iiii; employed on the Wi'lametie ami Columbia for ei«hteeu mouths, he joined 
 tlif su. liner Xi'ilh /'ihi/i, on the Sound, but a few mouths later went to the 
 mi'lilU- Coluiiibia, wlii-ie he served on the Mountain (hn'iit ami on the .Ihihi'ii on 
 tile .Sii.ike River. lie afterw.inl ran on the sti. oners .V '/'. I'liiinh ami /hxir 
 Thoiiif^^on, am' fo- a short tiiiu' ,'baiiiloiied ste.iinboatinii and en^a|;ed in loj.;- 
 'Iriviii'.; oil the Vakiina River. His last work on the Willainetle ami Columbia 
 was nil ihe (>fii/i>i/ and A'. A'. T/iiiiii/tHin, leaving; the latter in IS.S; to f;o to the 
 Soiiiiil, where he has iiice lived. He has been employed on all of the Oregon 
 Kiiilwn iV Navi>;atiou Coinpauys sleaineis in that di^tricl. aiiil was with the 
 I'iii'iln Navigation Coiiijiain as jiihtl and master of their steamers S/it/t- of 
 \\\t'l:i»;lon and l\th hnviii, leaving that employ to 'ake the position of pilot 
 on th. I!,iil,v (fii/ziiI. He has since reinaiued 111 the service of the Columbni 
 Kiver \ I'li^et .Soiiinl Transjiortation Company in commaiiil of the J-'lft !:t'i>oil and 
 as|>il..i oil the J-'l\ri . 
 
 'Joseph Haves, engineer, w.is born in Indiana in iS^.s, came to the 
 Colnni'iia River in 1.SS2, and commenced sleamboatinj; on the ll'ist/xii/. He 
 
 was .uii'tward enna^-ed on the /•',',■,•!:, viiil. was for a loiij; time chief eiinineer 011 the first Tili/^liinir. and when the new Tfl, [tlioiii 
 wasli'lt lii'hl a similar iiosilion with her for several years, afterward seivinn in the same capacity on the (hiiiii ll'mr. I'ln/iiir, 
 /.Ml/,'' ■ and other boats beloii^iny lo Jacob Kainiii. 
 
 ' Caiit Charles Troup was born in Vancouver, Wash., in 1S5S, and, like the rest of the family, coinmeiieed steaniboatiu),' at 
 a ver\ ■■.irlv a|.;e. He w.is first eii|^ai;eil as purser on the sleaintr (>iit''i/. riinniii^ on the njipi-r Willamette. .noiiij,j from there to the 
 iiIi|Ki i.olumbia and Snake rivers, where he served on the steamers .hiiiif /■'iixiui aini .l/iiio/ii. On returning; to the lowc 
 nver '■ was connected with .1 miinber of <iiiall steamers, always nieeliiiK with success in his callinj;. l'"ailiii)4 lieallh forced him .1 
 resijit. iiie con. maud of the // aylntti^toH, and he went to Calitoriiia, hoping the chau^^e woiihi benefit liiiii. His errand was fruitless, 
 ami 11 |iassed away u few montlis !..ter. 
 
 C.M'i. lliiSMv e.\Hri-:H 
 
 i 
 
 ;# 
 
 11 
 
 Pi 
 
 ' '^Ifl 
 
 11.^; 
 
I', VX'"! 
 
 
 286 
 
 Lewis ^ Dryd( n'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 operated her on the Clatskanine route, with Henry Pape," engineer, until i88.s, when she was purcha>t(l by 
 the .Shavers, Captains George M. and James W. Shaver'* handling her until 1892, when she was sold to Waud 
 and Jones. Her new owners ran her for a short time, and she was then dismantled, the engines and house 
 subsequently being used on the new /uigeiie. The propeller Arfionaul, br.ilt at Portland in issi hy 
 J. W. & V. Cook, made her trial trip March 14th, with Fred Congdon, captain, and Herbert Holnian, eiiKiiicer, 
 Capt. John W. Brown"' succeeded Holman in 1882 and had charge of the steamer for seven years. Sliu was 
 afterward in command of Willis C. Snow, and in i8go was .sold to the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, 
 after which Capt. Edward vSuUivan handled her a short time. The .i>xonaul is seventy-six feet long, .seventeen 
 feet beam, and seven feet hold. 
 
 The propeller General (iatjield was launched at Rainier in 1881 and was purchased by the Shoalwatur Hay 
 Transportation Company, of which L. A. Looniis was president, C. A. Reed, secretary, and I. \V. Cole, treasurer. 
 After running a while on Shoalwater Ray she came back to Astoria, where she was operated by Fred {'.. 
 Lewis. In 1887 she was taken to Tillamook by H. B. Johnson, who u.sed her in the towing and passenger trade 
 for two years and then .-old her tn the Truckee Lumber Company, who allowed her to lie on the mud flats 
 for .several months and then turned her over to George Woodruff and S. F. Snyder. She subsequently passed 
 into the hands of E. A. Snyder,'" and is at present owned by Claude Thayer. The sternwheel steamer 
 Clara Parker was constructed at Astoria by H. B. Parker, who operated her for nearly ten years in towing 
 
 and jobbing, in command 
 of Capt. E. P. Parker mo.st 
 of the time. The Lewis & 
 Lake River Transportation 
 Company, of wliich Isaac 
 Thomas was tlie leading 
 spirit, launched the steamer 
 Deudrop at Portland in iS.Si, 
 She was a diminutive stern- 
 wheeler with a pair of misfit 
 engines of light capacity, 
 and was designed to run to 
 the lieadwaters of the streams 
 mentioned. Captain Thomas 
 handled her for .several years, 
 most of the time in connec- 
 tion with the Lnaa Mawii. 
 which was started on the run 
 two years later. The first 
 steamer built on .Slioahvater 
 Bay appeared in i.SSi, .She 
 was named the Sonlli /find, in honor of the place where she was launched, and performed good service on the 
 
 STKAMKK " WASOINtlTON '■ IN SNOHOMISH Sl.Ottill 
 
 "Henry I'ape was Imrii in Cliioaf,o in 1S52. His first marine work on tlie racific Coast was on the .'/(fHji;«;//i). wliii'li lie 
 left to Ko to I.akc Cnur il'.Mone, where he placed the machinery in the first sternwheel boat on the lake, the Oiiir iVAIi'iit . mv\ 
 ran as engineer with her for live years. He also superintended the hniltliiifi and placing of the machinery in the lirsl ice-lprtakin^ 
 steamer in the Northwest, the Cieur d'.Mene Lake steamer Kooliiiai. which was e(|nipped for lireakinj; twenty inches of ^.oliil 
 ice. On leav'n^ tlie lake Mr. Pjipe returned to Portland anil entereil the enii)loy of the Willamette Iron Works, where for scvetal 
 years he was engaged in setlinj; up steamboat machinery. While so employed he fitted out the I'unet Sound steamers Shi/i' 0) 
 Washinxlou, tu^ Wanderer, steamer I'iiiorian and others. When tile new steamer Sarah Dixon w.is completed Mr, I'ape jniiinl 
 her as en>;ineer and is still with her. 
 
 '■'C.'ipl. James W. Shaver was ijorn in Silvertou, Or, in 1859, He Iiegan steamboating in iSHo on the /fydia, a ■uiiall 
 sternwheeler owned and run by Capt. Charles Hureau. Tlie Hydra started from Portland for Salem, intending to carry wheal for 
 the mills at the latter place. It took her nearly a week to reach Salem, Shaver narrowly escaping a watery ({rave in nettiii); 1 line 
 out at I.oiie Tree Rapids. The Hydra finally reached her destination, but the water was so low that she could not make cxpviisi's. 
 .so she returned to Portland and .startei' on the Clatskanine route. Captain Shaver remained with her one trip, retirin)j until lliiie;iii 
 completed a safer boat, the Afan::aniif. . This steamer was one of the ..istest and neatest of the small steamers on the Coluiiihia, 
 and with her CajUain Shaver ran lor many years. He started, as purser, a year later became mate, and served in tlii< i.itler 
 capacity for five years. .-Xfter Captain Hurean left the steamer. .Shaver took command ami two years later acquired a third imcresl 
 in the steamer. His father and brother afterwanl purchased the balance, and with the Man:aiiillo the Shavers built up a spliniliil 
 business. When trade became too extensive for tins steamer, they built the ^/. fK .SV/arv/, named after the captain's father. The 
 S/iai'i'r is the birj^est steamer that ever went up so aniall and crooked a river. The business continued to increase, and in |S . : the 
 fine steamer Sara/i Di-von was added to the (Icet. In 1894 the Shaver Transportation Company was or^.'ini/ed, Capt. J. W. ^!l.lvt'r 
 becoming; secretary. 
 
 "Capt. John W. Brown was born in Philadelphia in 1855 and arrived in San Kranciseo in 1867. A few years later h 
 to the Columbia River, where his first steamboalinK was on tlie Mary Hell with Capt. James Fisher, and from her he wcui 
 Oiler. Sliiio /•Viand SI. Palnri; the latter bein^ the first steamer in his charge. He was afterward in ' .iinmaud of the Hen II 
 A'alala, Sam and .hxonaul. runtunj; as master of the latter steamer in the employ of Cook Hrothers for seven years. He lell 
 lake command of the new Oovernment tug (/eurffe H. .Veiiilill, which he has since handleil between Astoria and I"ort Stevir 
 
 '' I*'. A. Snyder, engineer, Port Townsend, w.as born in Pennsylvania in iSf>2. He comnienced steamboatin^ oil the t" 
 River in iSSn, but afterward went to the Columbia, an, I. with Capt. Hrwin I'arrer, took the (ia:elle to Pu^jet Sound. 1 
 subsequently en^^a^ed four years on the steam schooner A'osie Olsen coasting, and was on the steamer (nirfield at Tillainin 
 afterward ran for a short time on the Coquille ''ivcr. Koinj< to Puget Soiuid later and entering the revenue service on the SciV; 
 left the latter to take a position as enj4ineer on the lliiekeye. 
 
 went 
 . liic 
 
 ,vr to 
 
 «as 
 He 
 He 
 
purchased by 
 sold to Waud 
 les and house 
 in i.ssi by 
 nan, engineer, 
 irs. Slif was 
 ion Company, 
 >ng, seventeen 
 
 ioaUvatcr Bay 
 ole, trcasnrer. 
 A by Fred 0, 
 js,sengcr trade 
 the mud flats 
 [ueiitly passed 
 I'lieel steamer 
 ars ill towing 
 ;n command 
 
 Parker niost 
 The Lewis & 
 ^ansportatioii 
 
 which Isaac 
 the leading 
 
 I the steamer 
 Hand in iS8i. 
 inutive stern- 
 pair of misfit 
 
 ht capacity, 
 led to run to 
 of the streams 
 ptaiiiTliiimas 
 several years, 
 le in connec- 
 Lnrca Mason, 
 ed on tile run 
 r. The lirst 
 
 II Shoahvater 
 n i.S.Si, She 
 ervicc on the 
 
 itillo, wliirli hi- 
 
 •.St ioc-liri'itkiiiji 
 indies "I ;.olii! 
 lere for several 
 ■ainers ^7ir/(" ('/ 
 Ir. Tape Joined 
 
 fvilia, a 
 arry wlie 
 1 Ke'uiiit! 
 nake exp 
 1^' inilil II 
 the Colli 
 I ill this 
 » third ill 
 t up a sp! 
 fatlur 
 mil ill IN , 
 t. J. \V. > 
 
 i later \v 
 lie went ' 
 
 /:eii II. 
 Ik' lelt ■ 
 
 t Stever 
 
 n the C 
 niiiil, 1' 
 illaiiio.ii 
 ;he.V,v 
 
 ■.mall 
 a for 
 1 line 
 .uses, 
 iireau 
 nliia, 
 hitter 
 tercst 
 •iidi.l 
 The 
 .■ the 
 laver 
 
 went 
 . the 
 
 ukw 
 ,rr tci 
 
 „iille 
 was 
 He 
 He 
 
 The Closing Days of the Golden Era of Columbia River Steamboating 
 
 387 
 
 C-\1'T. CllAKl.ES TkoL'I- 
 
 bay ('>'■' many years. Capt. John W. Brown was her first master, and he was succeeded by James Johnson, 
 
 J. H. Whitconil), A. M. Sproule,'" Fred W'hitcoinb, and a number of others. Will A. Barrows'' was for a 
 
 long t;me engineer. 
 
 Other steamers completed in the Willamette district in 1881 were the small sternwheeler AV///> by A. 
 
 Preso'it. the propeller licrtha by Jacob Han.sen, both at Salem, the I'avorilc at Chinook, the Robert Lincoln at 
 
 Portland, and the steam ferries .llbhia, Salem and Jcanncltc. The Nellie was 
 run by J. L. vSmith. The Henry Villard, the finest steamer yet built so far 
 inland, was launched at Steamboat Landing, Lake Pend d'Oreille, August 17, 
 1881. Capt. George Pease .superintended her construction and took command 
 on completion, with William L. Button,"' engineer. Capt. K. A. Swift,'' at 
 
 tpresL'ut a well known Puget Sound steamboatman, was one of the crew. The 
 X'illard was one hundred and fifty feet long, twenty-.seven feet beam, and six 
 feet hold, with engines from the Fanny Patton seventeen by sixty inches, and 
 was operated in connection with the construction department of the Northern 
 Pacific Railroad. The City oj Salem and Salem were purchased by William 
 Reid. who operated them in connection with the Oregonian Railway. The tug 
 Mary Taylor was dismantled, the machinery being used by Z. J. Hatch in the 
 steamer Yaijiiina, and the hull was afterward sold to Capt. jani-j:' Delgardno, 
 who transformed it into a .sealing schooner. A mammoth barge christen- J the 
 Ark was launched at Portland in December by George W'idler. The steamer 
 Idaho was piloted over the Cascades, July nth, by Capt. T. W. Troup. 
 
 Steamboat competition on the Fraser River flourished with unabated 
 vigor throughout the year 1881. Capt. William Moore was running the 
 Weslirn Slope between Vale and New Westminster, and the Cassiar was pitted against her. The Royal City 
 \va.s also in the fight. Commodore John Irving built the splendid sternwheeler l-.li:abcth Irving, the finest 
 steamer on the river. She was one hundred and sixty-nine feet long and thirty-three feet beam, with immense 
 power. Her keel was laid at Laurel Point in April, and .she was launched in June, making her first run to Yale 
 in Septemlier. On her .second trip she caught fire at Hope while landing, and was cut loo.se from the dc?k in 
 order to save the town. She floated down to Italian Bar, where .she .stranded and burned to tlr»»w«rtef's tdge! 
 Tlie steamers Western Slope and Cassiar were coming up the river at the time and made an effort to save the hull 
 by pumping it full of water, but were unable to accomplish their purpose. The /iiini; was in command of her 
 owner, with Charles Jennings, engineer. She cost over $50,000 and was uninsured. The loss fell rather heavily 
 (111 Irving, who, undismayed by a misfortune which would have 
 crushed a man of ordinary mold, rallied his forces and began work 
 on other steamers. The Wilson G. Hunt was sold to J. Spratt, who 
 put her on the east coast route in place of the Maude. Other small 
 
 steamers in British Columbia waters were the /ivan^eline, a missionary ,^f 
 
 lina! built at Bales' shipyard, Tacoina, for the Bishop of New Caledonia. ''*' 
 
 The /ivai/xeline was forty-six feet long, ten feet beam, and four and ^4 
 
 one-lialf feet hold, and made a number of extended cruises to the 9^ iL< 'J 
 
 outposts of civilization. The .Ida was running between Xanaimo and 
 New Westmin.ster, the /ris in the local trade out of \"ictoria, and a 
 numlier of others were following the different routes. 
 
 "Capt. .v. M. Sjiroule, South lieiiil, was liorii in Maine in i.Ssi) and 00111- 
 nii'iiiicl Meanihoating on Shoahvater Itay on the loiii Monis in |SS.|. He was 
 .illiTVMiril engaged 011 the steamers Sniitli lU'iul iiiid l-Al^itr and is in coniniaml of 
 Uie latter steamer at the present time. Before KO'"K 'o Shoahvater Hay lie served 
 l"r a (ear as mate of the tUK lliiiitcr on Cray's Harhor. Trior to coming to the 
 l-'oast. Captain .Sproule hail nearly fifteen years' experience in deep-water vessels, 
 siilini; nut of Maine ports in the African trade as mate and master, 
 
 'Will \. Harrows, engineer, wa.-, born in Car.soii City, Nev., in 1.S67, and 
 iMiiii 10 the I'arific Coast in i.S.So. He was first engaged oil the lug t'ii/«;//A/ii at 
 Aston I anil lias since lieeii employed on the steamers Novilly, Lillian, I'nioii, 
 ^•ovini.tr Xewt'll, (leth'titl Custer, Motintain lliitl\ /Restless, lutiiar, .South Ih'int, 
 I'iiiii Mttnis and City of .Istorin. He is at present chief of tile latter steamer, 
 itiil li.iN held ail engineer's license for six years. 
 
 'William I,. Hnttoii was Ixirti in Massachusetts in 1.S2.1 and in early life followed tile i)rofession of a locomotive engineer. 
 Hk til ; steainliimting was in 1S69 011 the Portland and Astoria route, where he ran on the (U-iiiioQit'i with Captain .Snow, contiiiucil 
 niiuuri.; on the Coliiiiihia, C'iiSiiiite.<, /iiiiiiio //ityuani, /wvrHf and other boats, and then went to I.ake I'einl il'Oreille, where he 
 Iilaocil the machinery ill the lleiny liilaiil, continuing with the steamer for two years. He next joined the kali, llaltell on 
 Clark I'ork of the Columhi 1, and, when the Northern Pacific was coiiiploteil and steanilmats were rendereil unnecessary in that 
 "wiiiv hf went to the transfer lioat Fiedriiik /liltiiif^s, reiiiainiiig with her until .Viusworl'i's liriilge was completed, then retiring 
 from '. ,1- water. lie is at present living at Portland. 
 
 Capt. IC. A. Swift, .Seattle, Wash,, son of Capt. J. H, .Swift, a pioneer mariner of the Northwest, was liorn on Wliidliy 
 Maiiii Voiiiig Swift coinnieiiccd his marine career on the steamer lleiiiy rillanl mi I.ake Pend d'Oreille in |8S|, went from there 
 111 the laser River, where he was engaged on a nuniher of steamers, and afterward to Puget Soiiiul, where he has for several years 
 liken n active part ill a nniiilier of steamhoat ventures. He has commanded the steamer Mal>el for the past three year.s. 
 
 Cai't. John W. Ukuwn 
 
 il 
 
 J 1 1 I 
 

 288 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 The Sound fleet was reinforced by the Welcome and Anitie Stewart, previously mentioned as coniinj,' from 
 the Columbia, and the A'//" Van Winkle, which was sold at Astoria in December by Capt. J. C. Haiiuw to 
 Jensen & Smith of Seattle, who put her on the Hood's Canal route in February, 1.S.S2. The tuj; Ilonut was 
 launched at Port Blakely and the steamer Jessie at Seattle, the latter being sold the following year to Capt, J. G. 
 
 Parker, who subsequently operated her in connection with tin.' Ma. 
 
 -' - • senger. The tug Hope was constructed in September by Gilmore & 
 
 Lott of Seattle. She is eighty feet long, : ixteen feet beam, ami is 
 still performing good service at Victoria, where she has been luiiulled 
 for many years by Captain Holmes in the service of the Sayward 
 Mill. The propeller Loeiist was brought up from San Kraiicisco and 
 used in the harbor at Seattle. She was too small for much business, 
 and the Jcannic, built at Port Townsend, was not much larger. The 
 small sternwheeler Lily was set afloat at Seattle. She is sevcnty-lhree 
 feet long, .sixteen feet beam, and three feet hold, and is still in exist- 
 ence, with Daniel Benson last in command. The steamer ISi:: was 
 constructed at Arcadia. She is a well built vessel, seventy-seven 
 feet long, nineteen feet beam, and .seven feet five inches hold, and is 
 still in active service in charge of her owner, Capt. Edward Miller.- 
 She has been used most of the time in the towing and jol)bing trade, 
 but in July, 1883, was chartered to Capt. H. F. Heecher, who had 
 purcha.sed the Port Town.send & Bellingham Bay route. She was 
 handled in this trade by Capt. J. 1,. Oliver. The steamers Seattle, 
 built at Settle, and the Shoo Fly at Coupeville, were also acMed to 
 the list. On Coos Bay the small propeller Alert and the scho<iners 
 James A. Garfield SlwA John G. AW// were completed in i,S8i. The 
 steamer Annie was sold in December to go to the Umpcjua. Other 
 CAiT. K. A, swiiT additions to the fleet of steam and sailing ve.ssels were the small 
 
 steamers . // A7 and Sea Witeti at Seattle, the three-masted .schooners 
 Maria /;". Smith, 365 tons, Lottie Carson, 286 tons, and Annie Larson, 376 tons, at Port Blakely, the barkentines 
 Mary Winkleniaii, 5,^2 tons, and Retriever, 548 tons, at Seabeck, Kitsap, 694 tons, at Port I.udlow, and the 
 schooner /'ranees Alice, 125 tons, at ,St. Helens. The /. C'. Cousins was purcha.sed in San Francisco and put on 
 the Columbia River bar as a State pilot-boat, entering the service in March in opposition to the Flavel monopoly. 
 The first cargo of wheat to go foreign from Puget Sound was shipped from Tacoma, November 5, iS.Si, on 
 the American ship Dakota, Capt. J. F. Gilkey. The Columbia River 
 grain fleet was larger than in any previous year, and included 142 
 ve.ssels, five of which loaded at Astoria. The smallest of the fleet 
 was the British ship Odiilia, 4,^6 tons, the largest the British ship 
 '/'rafatgar, 766 tons. Forty-three were over one thousand tons. 
 The rapid growth of this branch of the marine business demanded 
 additional pilot .servue on the bar, and accordingly branch licenses 
 were issued to Captains J. Iv Campbell " and Charles S. Gunderson.'' 
 The American bark U'caltliy Pendleton arrived at Portland in Novem- 
 ber with the first direct importation of tea, — 1,033 packages from 
 
 '-Capt, KiKvard Miller, a native of Syracuse, N. V., has l)een eii^agecl in 
 the marine l)usiiies:; lor forty one years. His first experience on I'uj^et Sound 
 was in 1S64. when lie was enj^aKed with the sloop Waiidiur, which he operated 
 in the Iradinj^ hnsiness for lifteeu years. He is at present master and owner of 
 the lug A'/c, which he has oj)erated for twelve >ears. 
 
 ^■'Capt. J. H. Campbell was horn in Wisconsin in 1S39, hegan sailinf( on 
 the Lakes when a l)oy 01 fourteen, reuiainiuj,' there two seasons, then H'>'">4 '" 
 New York, when, lie sailed in the Illack Star and Hlaek Hall lines for sixteen 
 years, lie came to .\storia in Noveinlier, iS;6, lint was afterward sailing on the 
 coast until iSSi, when he .igain returned to the Columbia and began piloting on 
 the bar, continuing in this work until rSSg, when the I'nion I'acihc took charge 
 of the mouth of the river. While in the pilot .service Captain Campbell was 
 always an earnest worker for the recognition of the men employed in his danger- 
 ous calling, anil his protests at Salem against unjust measures ignorantly framed 
 to injure the jiilots was so effective that ill 1S92 he was elected to the State 
 Legislature. While tlieit he succeeded in having passed what is known as the Campbell p'lot law. a measure that, while ii 
 all that was desired, was more than was expected, and for which Captain Campbell will always be entitled to grateful reiiieni' 
 ■Soon after the adjournment of the Legi.ilalure he was appointed to the position of inspector at the .\storia custom house, 
 
 ■' Capt. Charles ,S. {;iiii(lerson was born in Bergen, Norway, in 1S54. His father was a pilot on the coast of Norwa> 
 enabled young Cluiiderson to become familiar with the sea ami various kinds of water craft. In 1S69 he shipped before ti ' 
 and, after sailing around the world, landed in the fnited Slates in 1S72. l''our years later he came to this Coast am' 
 tugboating at the mouth of the Columbia, reniaiuing there until i,S7S, when he went to Chicago and took conimaml of a 1 1: 
 steamer. The attractions of salt water were too great, however, and after a few months on the lake he returned to As!' 
 joined the tug C.J. Hreiilmm as mate, remaining there until i.S.Si, when he was granted a bar pilot's license. He couli 
 this work until iSSy, when the Union Pacific inoiiopoli/.ed the pilotage business at the mouth of the river. Captain Ouiidei^ 
 
 IT, J, 
 
 -, not 
 nice. 
 
 This 
 
 man 
 lake 
 
 I anil 
 .1 in 
 
 ilien 
 
coming from 
 C. Hailuw to 
 IS I Until I was 
 to Capl. J. G. 
 with till- .)/«. 
 by GiliiKire & 
 
 beam, and is 
 i been liandled 
 
 the Sayward 
 Francisco and 
 iiiich business. 
 1 larger. Tlie 
 i seventy-three 
 
 .still in exist- 
 ;amer lii-^ was 
 
 seventy-seven 
 es hold, and is 
 Iward Miller.' 
 jobbing trade, 
 ;her, who had 
 ute. She was 
 amers Siiillk, 
 • also added to 
 the schooners 
 in 1 88 1. The 
 ip<iua. Other 
 ere the small 
 ited schooners 
 le barkentines 
 How, and the 
 CO and pnt on 
 el nionopiily. 
 er 5, i.s.Si , on 
 
 The Closing Days of the Golden Era of Columbia River Steamboaiing 
 
 289 
 
 C.Vl'T. Cil.VKI.HK S. f.l NDKRSON 
 
 wliile 11 
 
 ^1 
 
 l;i ta, 
 Liiunu 
 
 reiiUMn' 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 use. 
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 lii(illi> 
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 l.v 111,. 
 
 last nil'! 
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 Vokol'.ania. The ship CaronihicI, in after years a well known lumber drogher, made a remarkable run in 1881. 
 
 In cuniniand of Capt. VV. F. Stetson '' she sailed from Yokohama, October Stli, and twenty-two tlays later dropped 
 
 .incho: ill San Francisco harbor. 
 
 Di.saster followed disaster with terrible frequency in iS.Si, and a great number of lives and much valuable 
 
 propel ly were sacrificed. The fleet bound for the Columbia River met with a greater number of accidents than in 
 
 any other single year. The first of the unfortunate vessels was the 
 British bark A«/n//rt, from Iliogo for the Columbia in ballast. vShe was 
 beating up the coast on the night of January 3d in a dense fog. The 
 lighthou.se on Tillamook Rock was in course of construction, and about 
 8:00 1', .M. Captain Wheeler, who was in charge of the work, was 
 startled l)y the sound of voices outside. The weather was thick, with a 
 strong .southwest gale, but they at once sighted the red light of a ship 
 inshore, and heard a terror-stricken voice give the order, " Hard aport." 
 Captain Wheeler immediately ordered lanterns placed in the uncompleted 
 tower, and as (piickly as po.ssible a large bonfire was lighted. The glare 
 lit up the scene so that Wheeler and his men could plainly .see the ves.sel 
 struggling to escape, le.ss than six hundred feet away. Her yards were 
 aback, and she seemed to be working out of the dangerous place, but 
 soon afterward the red light disapjieared and no further cries were heard 
 from tho.se on board. The watchers were hopeful that she had succeeded 
 in working out of her perilous position, but when morning dawned a 
 .shattered topmast and other jiortions of the rigging were discovered 
 above the surface of the water near the rocks alongshore. Not a soul 
 was left to tell the tale, but the next day the bodies of twelve men were 
 washed up on the beach. Whining about them was a half-grown shep- 
 herd dog, which had been more fortunate than his human companions. 
 
 The Lupixtiii was in command of the mate, 11. H. Rav.'n, her master, Irvine, having died at sea on the way out 
 
 from Antwerp. She carried a crew of sixteen men, and most of the bodies were recovered, although the difficulty 
 
 of comniuiiication with the coast at that point necessitated their burial on the spot. The American bark Rival, 
 
 Capt. Thomas B. Adams, stranded on Peacock Spit, September i.^th. She was fit loiili- from San Francisco to 
 
 Kiiapplon with a small cargo of hay and shingles. Pilot Hansen was sailing her in over the bar. when the wind 
 
 suddenly shifted to the east. The tug . Isloria was hailed, but the 
 
 heavy sea parted the hauling line attached to her hawser, .so that the 
 
 hark was unable to secure it. The starboard anchor was then let go, 
 
 hut the chain parted ; the .second anchor held, and .she brought up 
 
 witli three fathoms under the stern. At i:,^o i'. .m. .she grounded 
 
 and contiiuied pounding heavily until 21,^,0, when she slipped her 
 
 anchor chain and drifted a.shore between Cape Disappointment and 
 
 .McKciizie's Head. Captain Adams and wife and the crew took to 
 
 the lioats and landed in safety. The Rival was an old-timer on 
 
 luirtlicni routes and at the date of her loss was valued at about SS.oim. 
 The British ship /'cut G/iii, the first of a ([uartet of grain 
 
 VLSsels which perished within a month, was wrecked on Clatsop Spit, 
 
 October ifith. She was a compai. lively small vessel of 8i,S tons, in 
 
 command of Capt. F. Budd, with a crew of twenty men, bound from 
 
 Wellington, New Zealand, for the Columbia River. The di.saster was 
 
 caused by the captain's igi.orance of the presence of Tillamook light 
 
 ,iiid cif the corresponding change made in the coloi of the Point 
 
 .\daiiis light. .She went ashore at 4;! 10 .\. m. in good weather, and 
 
 all hands remained with her through the day discharging ballast and 
 
 rrtiriil liom tlii' walur iiiid iMigagiil In the real estate liiisiness at Astoria for a 
 
 slicirt liiiit'. hut afterward, in company witli Tluiinas Russell and C. .Soteusen, 
 
 |iiiri'li:is( d the steamer lilirliic, wliicii was jilaced on tlie Cliilso|i route, Cuuder- 
 
 -"II tiiUiiin ooiiiiuaiid and running lier until a short time ago, wlieii tliey sold her 
 
 . \Villmr liabhidge. Captain (.fiinderson was elected recorder of Clalsoji catt w i-" sikvson 
 
 111 i8<j4. 
 
 ' Caiit. \V. 1". Slelson was liorn in Maine in iSjo, niaile his first sea voyage in |H()6 on the ship /. //, Slelsan, owned by his 
 , and remained with her in the cotton trade until iS;,;. In i.SSi he made a record lueakiug run from Vokoliama to San 
 ro with the .Ainericaii ship CaioiiJfUi. lie .sailed from the Oriental port at midnight Oclolier Stli, with Ips sniji thirty inches 
 'lead, and arrived in .San Francisco, October .V'tli, twenty-two days from anchor to anchor without steam or pilot. He was 
 ol the CiXroiiililcl for many years, and afterward brought to I'uget Sound the first cargo of merchaiiilise ever received on the 
 •ea direct from a foreign port. Captain Stetson has made ten vo\ages round the world, the last two of whicli were in ten 
 Old nine luoiuhs and twenty-eight days respectively, lie has made tlie record passage of thirty-two days from Port Ctamble 
 dia, ami had remarkable success witli all of his voyages until late in iSy4, when the bark /uiiniiizii, with a cargo of Innilier 
 ■rt Gamble, was wrecked at Delagoa Hay, .Sonlli Africa. 
 
 I'M 
 
 i-;- W- 
 
 li-. 1^ 
 
 ;;t;|i', 11 
 
 Mr 
 
ago 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Wrl: 
 
 iD. 
 
 expecting to get her over the spit. Their efforts were fruitless, ami when a heavy southeast gale drove hir l:irtlicr 
 up oil the beach the distress signal was hoisted. The General Caiihy went to tlie rescue hut was unable tu itniler 
 assistance. At i);o<) .\. M. on the eighteenth she began to heel over and at 9:30 the ballast shifted. .Sin.- soon 
 began to part amidships, and at noon the crew succeeded in launching a boat in a damaged condition, uliicli, 
 however, enabled them to reach the tug Columbia, and they were conveyed to Astoria. The Hritisli hnrk 
 Lammerhni', 746 tons. Captain I'ringle, from Newcastle for Portland with a cargo of coal, went aslidif al 
 lyeadbetter Point, October 31st, and became a total lo.ss. The master mistook Slioalv ater Hay for the nioiilli of 
 the Columbia and was hard aground before he realized his error. The crew were taker, off by Capt. Al .Strtaiii 
 and a life-saving crew from the bay, and the vessel w^nt to pieces soon after their departure. Captain Priiifjlc of 
 the Lamiiurlaw and Captain Budd of the Fern Glen were both censured by the board of inquiry for the loss of 
 their vessels. The Laitimeilaw was an iron ves.sel, three years old, valued at Syo.ooo. The Brilisli hark 
 G. lUvuglttoii, 803 tons, Captain Payne, from Brisbane for the Columbia River, was one day beliiml ilie 
 Lammerlan', and her captain made the same mistake. He anchored on the night of October 31st so close in to 
 Leadbetter Point that early the next morning the rising .sea parted the chain, and she was unable to get ofi" shore. 
 When she touched the sands the mizzenmast was cut away but failed to ea.se her. She remained in an upright 
 position for three or four days, until a heavy southeaster came up and battered iier to pieces. The /hviif^htoii was 
 owned by Peter Iredale and valued at 54", ""o. She carried a crew of .sixteen men, all of whom reached shore. 
 
 The British bark lulitli Lome, 803 tons, Capt. William Watt, wheat-laden for (Jueenstown, was wrecked 
 November 17th while attempting to sail out over the middle sands at the mouth of tiie Columbia River. The 
 wind died away, and the heavy seas caught her in their trough, .so that she struck heavily. The tide kept her 
 moving, with the waves breaking clear over her. Three hours after she .struck the sternpost gave way, and she 
 began to leak badly. Capt. Al Harris arrived from I'ort Canby with a life-'^aving crew and rescued all on board. 
 The ve.s.sel broke up shortly afterward. The lidilh Lome was drawing but eighteen feet of water, while the 
 Ilrilish ship Xapier, which passed out ahead of her, was drawing twenty-one feet six inches. The /.(i/v.v was 
 valued at $60,000, cargo at $44,000. The Chilean bark Twenty-fiiit of May, 830 tons. Captain I, unci , from 
 Valparaiso for Port Ludlow, was wrecked on Bentic Island, opposite Race Rocks, December loih. She was 
 beating up the Straits when a squall struck her, and in tacking she missed stays and became unmanaj;eal)le. 
 Anchors were let go but failed to hold, and she drifted stern first on the rocks, the rudder being carried away as 
 soon as she struck. The vessel was formerly called the Cornelia . and owed her change of name to the victory of 
 the Chileans over the Peruvians, May 21st. The wreck was sold to James Miller for $6110. The schooner Kiile L. 
 Heron, Capt. Charles Yarneberg, from Tillamook to Portland, was wrecked on Tillamook bar, April Z7tli, wliile 
 sailing out with a cargo of wool. The crew were saved, but the ves.sel became a total loss. She was valued at 
 $2,500 and insured for $1,000. The sloop Pilot's liride, Capt. C. H. Lewis, from Nestucca for Portland, stranded 
 on Nestucca bar, August ist, and became a total lo.ss. The .-Vmerican .shij) Olymftus, one of the finest vessels ever 
 Iniilt in the Northwest, burned at sea in latitude 47° 19', longitude 132° 25', September 14th, while en route iVoni 
 San Francisco for Seabeck in command of Capt. W. F. ICdwards, with a crew of twenty-one, and three passengers, 
 all of whom were rescued by the .ship War lla-^'k. Captain Hinds. The Olyniftiis was valued at $70,01 n and 
 insured for $40,000. She carried a $12,000 cargo, which was also fully covered by insurance. 
 
 The Clatsop Chief, a small sternwheeler, with a scow in tow, was cut in two by the steam.ship Orexon near 
 Willow bar on the Columbia, February 2Sth, and Henry Aminous, ciptain of the scow, Andrew Ray. fireman. 
 and John Sonney, deckhand on the steamer, were drowned. The Cliief was in charge of Capt. W. p;. .Mileliell ' 
 and Kngineer W. S. Holmes,"' the latter having a miraculous escajie. There were no side doors from the 
 engine-room, and the steamer sank immediately, so that he was obliged to feci his way along the steam pipe uiiler 
 water until he reached the gangway. The steamer was afterward raised and lengthened. The schooner l\mily 
 Stevens, from Kureka with lumber for Portland, drifted on Clatsop Spit, F'ebruary .Sth, and was abandoned by 
 the crew, who were rescued by the tug Columbia, Capt. Eric Johnson. The schooner afterward went out over the 
 middle sands and was picked up comparatively uninjured and towed to Astoria by the Columbia. 'I'lie tnj^ 
 was awarded $95" salvage, Capt. Kric Johnson, master, $250. Pilot Hewett, who was aboard, $2,15, the 
 engineer $170, firemen $.Si) each, three deckhands and a cook $75 each. The American bark Av/«/V fills. Captain 
 Tervert, from Port Town.send for the Hawaiian Islands, stranded at Mahukona during a heavy gale and liec miea 
 total loss. The United States surveying steamer Koili^ers was burned in St. Lawrence Hay, Silicria, and tin caw 
 were subse(|uently rescued by the whaler North Star. Captain Owen, transferred to the revenue cutter C'r;, n and 
 taken to Sitka. Among other well known coasters of early days which met their fate in i.s.Si was ll); bark 
 
 lol 
 
 hi; I 
 
 "Capt. W. 1'". Mitchell was born in OreKon in 1S56, began steanibo.UinK on the Clatsof> Cliit[/"\\\ 1S76, ami lias been t 
 with towboats owned by Capt. I'. H. Jones most of the time r.ince. .\t present he is on the steamer I'liletju. 
 
 '" W. .S Holmes, engineer, was born in Illinois in 185.), be^an sleamboatinf,' al Portland in 1S76 on the steam stow //' ;)«,'//i' 
 .S'(/Hi(.'i', and from this craft went to the Hydra in 1.S.S0. lie was engineer on the latter ves.sel when siie sank in the Clatskani: 1 Kiyir 
 with a car^o of telef;raph poles, of which the crew made a raft and floateil ashore, aflcrwanl rigK'"K •' windlass, wiiii '.vlncli 
 they raised the steai!ier, making a temporary patch with sacks of nunl. The telegraph jjoles were then rcloatled and 1 ken to 
 Portland, where a few repairs were made to the honse, and the steamer proceeileil to the Cascades. .She was rather liKh' P "'■■ '"' 
 the swift cnrrenl there and was obliged to make the last half mile of her trip with the aid of two yoke of cattle Ir". 'U'll to 
 the bow, canal-boat fashion. Sir. Holmes was engineer on the Ctnlsop Chief when she was cnt in two by the steamer Oi .,."< "' 
 iSSi. The fireman and three others were drowned. Holmes escaped by following the steam pipes from the engine-roc 1 1 I" ll'^' 
 gangway, and thence feeling his way along the timbers until he reached the door and came to the surface. 
 
ale drove her iirtlier 
 ivas unalilc U\ under 
 t shifted. She- soon 
 ed condition, uhidi, 
 
 The Hritish hark 
 Dili, went asluire al 
 liay for tlie nioulli of 
 by Capt. Al Stream 
 
 Captain l'riiii;lt of 
 quiry for the loss of 
 
 The British bark 
 )ne day behind the 
 )er ,vst so close in to 
 lable to get ofl' shore. 
 nained in an npriglit 
 The />roi/i;/i/i>n\\as 
 loni reached shore. 
 istown, was wrecked 
 dumbia Kiver. The 
 
 The tide kept her 
 ;t gave way, and she 
 ■e.sciled all on board. 
 of water, while the 
 lies. The /.oi m- was 
 Captain I.nnd, from 
 nber null. She' was 
 came iinniana;;eal)le. 
 jcing carried away as 
 lanie to the victory of 
 riie schooner k'nie L. 
 ar, April 27111, while 
 . .She was valued at 
 or Portland, stranded 
 .he finest vessels ever 
 
 while en roult from 
 
 iiid three pa.sseiij;crs, 
 
 ned at 5711,111 «■ and 
 
 eatnship On-jioii near 
 iidrew Ray, fireman, 
 
 apt. \V. K. Mitchell ' 
 side doors frcmi the 
 the steam pijie nii.ler 
 The schooner I'.mih 
 1 was abandoned by 
 rd went out over the 
 Columbia. Tlu' Ui).; 
 aboard, $i"\. the 
 /iiiiiic Pills. C.iptaiii 
 y gale and bei.iiiie a 
 Siberia, ami tlu- crew 
 ue cutter ('"/.-." ;iii<l 
 iSSi was tl; ■ liark 
 
 and lias lieen cuiiuecteil 
 
 steatii scow //'.' 
 
 Uie Clalskaiii 
 
 M windlass, will 
 
 n reloaded and ' 
 
 IS ratlier li);lu y 
 
 )ke of cattle \y 
 
 lliu steamer C 
 
 the engineroi 
 
 .'.lllh'ttc 
 1 Kivcr 
 wliicli 
 .keii to 
 mt for 
 ■ icd to 
 ;ii« in 
 J u> 111"-- 
 
 Thi' Closimj Days of the Go/den Era of Columbia River Stt'ambo:itiinj 
 
 291 
 
 (ilim/<i\ which foundered off the coast of Australia while <ii roidr from Puget Sound to Melbourne. The captain, 
 his .soil, the .second mate and cook lost their lives. The bark .inliorh went ashore November mth at Manzanillo, 
 the / //. /'I'll was wrecked there October z.Sth, and the schooner (iood Templar, built at Steilacoom in iSfis, was 
 lost at the same place 011 the same date. 
 
 Capt. David Horusby, formerly of the Idaho and other steamships running north, met with a tragic death 
 in |S^1. He left San Francisco in command of tiie schooner Eustace, carrying explosives, anil .soon after pa.ssing 
 out of the Golden Clate was killed by the crazy Chinese cook. The murderer was at once locked up, but he 
 ]uanaf;ed to .set fire to the schooner, and the crew hastily took to the boats to get as far away as possible before the 
 iiievit.ilile explosion should take place. The vessel was lilown to atoms a few moments afterward. Tlie .schooner 
 .S7. G'i'igr, from Kodiak for Knglish Hay, Alaska, wa.-. lost off St. I'aul harbor. April J7tli, the schooner I/'. /•*. 
 ,I/iiA, ■/ became a total wreck in Golouin Hay, August i.^th, and the whaling bark Daniel Webster t:i\ Point Harrow, 
 July ;,d. The American ship .Mice fluck. fiom New York for Portland, Or., was wrecked at Spanish Town, 
 Jamaica, September 27th, ten of the crew perishing. Tlie ship Geraldiiie Paget, from Hongkong for the Columbia 
 River, stranded on Pratos Shoals. The crew escaped, l)ut nothing was saved from the ve.s.sel. The old clipper 
 Foruiiid Ho, while en route to the Columbia River from Hiogo, was lost on the coast of Japan in Xoveinber. 
 
 .\mong the deaths in the profes.sion in r.SSi was that of Capt. F. S. Kedfield, who came to the Coast in i.S,S2 
 and for many years sailed the schooners Oliva. /\ilesliiie, (ieneral Uarney and A'. /. MeK'innon. and who 
 cominanded the old Susan 
 Abi,i;iil when Waddell, the 
 pirate, ended her days. Capt. 
 J. A. I'ennell and seamen 
 .McGinnis and Wannerniark, 
 of the Government tug Cieii- 
 :ml Wright, were drowned 
 al Variuina, April 7tli, while 
 sounding a channel with the 
 small boat. Capt. Thomas J, 
 Stump fell dead in the pilot- 
 house of the steamer Spokane 
 five miles above Pine Tree 
 Rapi<ls, Augu.st i.^th. W. C. 
 Talbot, of the firm of Pope 
 >\: Talbot, died on board the 
 steamer at Astoria. August 
 'ith, while en route to vSan 
 l'"raiioisco from Puget Sound. 
 He was a native of East 
 Machias, Me., aged sixty-six 
 years. Richard Wright, well 
 known in Puget .Sound and 
 Hritish Columbia marine cir- 
 cles as "Otter Dick," died at 
 Seattle, July i.Sth, aged sixty years ; S. S. Foster, purser on the .Multnomah in i,S54 and afterward in charge of 
 the Pacific Mail dock at St. Helens, at Tahiti in February, aged seventy years ; Capt. I,. li. Hastings, a pioneer 
 ot Portland and Port Town.send, at the latter place June nth ; Capt. Andrew Rogers of X'ictoria, for many years 
 one of the regular pilots in the Victoria district, at San Francisco, October i4tli, aged fifty years ; Capt. .Mexander 
 Corle/, for a long time master of the steamer Emily Harris, at Xanaimo, October lotli ; Capt. John T, Connick, 
 a pioneer .Sound tugboatman, at .Steilacoom, December 6th ; Capt. Jo.seph Gale, who came to Oregon in i,S,^,4 and 
 in IS.). 1 superintended the building of the Star of Oregon, which he sailed to Verba Hiiena (San P'ranciscoi from 
 the Columbia River, at Fagle Creek, Or., December i6th, aged eighty years; Captain Waddell, who commanded 
 tlie privateer Shenandoah, at .San Franci.sco, October 2d. 
 
 Ivighteeu hundred and eighty-two was an important year in the ainials of Columbia steamboating, as the 
 opening of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company's rail line between Portlaml and The Dalles ended perhaps 
 forever the business of one of the most profitable steamboat routes in the world. The iininense immigration which 
 for years had been thronging to the vast grain-fields of the interior at this nine had develojied vast tracts of rich 
 land, which were producing so heavily that river transi)ortation facilities were taxed to their utmost. The closing 
 (lays of steamboat .supremacy between Portland and The Dalles will not .soon be forgotten by those interested in 
 the operation of the big fleet engaged in the traffic. Wheat .shipments in January, 1S.S2, avera.ged nearly fifteen 
 hundred tons per day. This was handled by the barges (iovenior Grover, Wyatehie, Columbia, . lutoerat. Columbia's 
 l.'liiej. steamers Traveler, Salem, Champion, Idaho. Aliee and Willamette Chief, beside the regular mail boats Wide 
 Hi'}/ and \. (/. Reed below the Cascades and J?. A'. Thompson, Mountain Queen and /farvest Queen on the middle 
 
 H. H. M. Ship " Waksi'itk " in Or.wim; Ddck at MHniiMAi.r, li. 
 
 1':: 
 
 1 
 
 • 
 
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 1 ' 
 
 
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 i'ii 
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292 
 
 Lewis (J Drydcns Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 W 
 
 river. Tile Imsiness was not confined to down sliiimients of wheat, for the mail steamers making; a nuiiid trip 
 each day were loaded to the gnards. The ninmiiiotli U'/i/f Weal, which her hnilders had deemed chilkIous 
 enough for any trade that might develop, left Portland with every availahle inch of space utilized, mul on 
 reaching the Cascades an extra crew in waiting discharged the big cargo, fdlcd her with wheat, and in c liarnc 
 of another crew, which alternated between the W'isl and the AVcii', she was hnrried l)ack to Portland. NtiUicr 
 steamer was permitted to cool down except to wash the boilers, when an extra steamer was sul)stitnte(l. 
 
 Meanwhile the iron horse was steadily rolling toward the last tie which would unite the upper ccniiUry 
 with tide water. When the surplus grain had been removed, the glorious days of steaniboating on the niiddle 
 river ended forever, and the best steamers were got in readiness for the plunge to the lower river. Tlie first 
 to go was the A'. A'. ■/'//t)/«/'.<('//, which shot the rapids June y\ in record-breaking time in charge of Ca|)l. Julni 
 McXulty. William Johnson, first ofiTicer, William Doran, engineer, and C.eorge Fuller, assistant. She left The 
 Dalles at 6:io .\. .m., pa.ssed Klickitat Landing, ten miles below, in twenty-four minutes. White Salmon, alidiit 
 twenty-three miles, in fifty-one minutes. Hood River, twenty-five miles, in fifty-eight minutes, and reaclu-d the 
 Cascades, forty-six miles, in two hours and one minute. She remained there a short time and then suiiiij; 
 into the stream and entered the swirling and eddying waters under full stroke, making the run to Uoimeville in 
 six minutes and forty .seconds, passing through the heart of the rapids at the rate of a mile a miinite. The trip 
 to Portland was accomplished in two liours and fifty minutes, and she steamed past Ash Street dock at i.'ii; 
 p. M. Her actual running time was five hours. The steamer Moiinlain Qiurii, in charge of Capt. J. W. Troup 
 and Engineer I)e Huff, followed the riwiiipsou to the lower river Jidy 6th, making the run in eleven minutes from 
 the upper to the lower Cascades. The train on the Portage Railroad started at the same time, intending to heat 
 the steamer, but was at least three hundred yards in the rear when they reached the lower Ca.scades. The 
 barge Atlaf was brought down the same day liy Capt. Fred Wilson, who rigged her with a huge s<|uare sail, and 
 she drifted down stern first, reaching the lower Cascades thirty-five minutes after leaving the wharf boat. The 
 Alias stood the trip well and was immediately towed to Portland and went into service alongside a ship the same 
 day. The propeller EMiia, which had been lea.sed to the t")regon Railway & Navigation Company as a 
 tender for their construction works, came over the Cascades. June -th, in charge of Capt. Donald McKenzie, \V. V,. 
 Campbell, first officer, and Donald Urquhart, engineer. She was roughly shaken up in the big eddy and narrowly 
 escaped a collision with Umatilla Rock. Her steering gear gave way before she reached Bradford's Island, Imt 
 she made the perilous journey to the lower river in safety. 
 
 The Oregon Railway & Navigation Company were having considerable trouble on the Astoria route with 
 Captain Scott's steamer J'hrluvod. The Ifiu-uaid and Iloiiila were kept at the heels of the little propeller 
 continually, leaving the freight business to be handled by the W'illamtlle C7//('/' and Dixie Thompson. Capt. 
 Richard Hoyt was master of the Hayivard until March, at which time he was appointed steamship pilot, and 
 Clark W. Sprague '" took the steamer and ran her until October, when she was .sent to the Sound. In I'diriiary 
 the Columbia River business of the Pacific Coast Steamship Company was transferred to the Oregon Railway 
 & Navigation Company. The magnitude of this traffic is best illustrated by the passenger records, which show 
 that between March i and May 15, 1882, 2,420 cabin and 10.429 steerage pas.sengers were carried to Portland 
 from San Francisco. While portions of the Oregon Railway 1.S: Navigation road had been in operation for 
 a long time, the first through train did not leave Portland until November 20th. It was in charge of Coiidiiclor 
 I'M Lyons, at present superintendent of the North Pacific Terminal Company. The A'. A'. Tltomf>soii was 
 used as a transfer boat between Ash .Street dock and the east side of the river. Capt. George J. .\inswortli retired 
 from the superinteudency of the company October ist. As a token of the estimation in which he was held, the 
 steamboat employees of the company presented him with a six hundred dollar silver .service. 
 
 The Portland grain shippers had for a long time been dissatisfied with the tug and pilot service at the 
 month of the river, and, with a view to breaking up the monopoly enjoyed by Flavel, the Portland Tug 
 Company was organized in May with the following directors : H. W. Corbctt, president ; W. S. Silison, 
 secretary ; W. S. I.add, W. J. Hums, D. P. Thompson, Donald Macleay and Henry Hewett. They purchastd the 
 tug /Vi'wtr;-, built in Philadelphia in I. S78. She was brought out by Captain Marsden and Ivngincer Jnliu S. 
 Kidd '' and placed on the bar in command of Capt. William Hochau, Kidd remaining with her as chief eiii;ineer. 
 The Pioneer was a well built iron tug one hundred and seven feet long, twenty-one feet beam, and thirtu n feel 
 
 ■'Capt. Clark \V. .Sprague is a son of the late Cell. J. W. Spraj^ue, for many years a very prominent figure in traii^|ii 
 eireles in the Nortliwest. Tile younj^ man's first steanitioat exjierience was on (lie Colnmttia River, where he served in il 
 eapacities for a few years and was finally ^iven eoinmanil of the Ore),")" Railway K: Navigation Company's steamers on the 
 route. He was ni.'isterof the W'chome, /■'iiiiiiii llaywiiiil, ll'iilr ll'rsl. A'. A'. T/hniif'SOii :\ni\ ll'ill<ii/iii/r Cliii/', hni wiKhvsi k\i 
 tile Columbia thronjjli his work on the A". A'. Tlioiiifsoii, whieh he handled for a nuniher of years. lie retired from the C" 
 ahoiit 1SS5 ,'ind went to Pu^et Sound, where he was interested in the new tn^ Afoi^iil, whieh he coininandeii for several year^, 
 disposing of his interests there engaged in business in Taeonia for a short time, returning to the water a few years afjo as i;; 
 tnglioats owned by the I'njjet Sound Tugboat Company. lie is at present ill ehar^e of the Sea I. ion. 
 
 •'John .S. Kidd is a native of New York and first eiiKa^cd in the steamboat business on tlie Ilnd.son River, lietweei. 
 and New York, on the steamer Coiiiieclinil. After coming to the Coast with the / iiialillii, he left her in 1.SS2 to join tin 
 /AiMi at San I'raneiseo, and was next on the City of C/ii'ilrr, between ,San h'raneiseo and Portland. He went Ivast in ' 
 eame out with the new tuj; /Vo;;<V'c, on whieh he served as chief enj;ineer until E,SS4, when he aj;,iin went Ivast and retun 
 Captain Ackley on tlie new steamer Olympian. During the next three years he was engaged on the Ualhi ll'iilla and . /'■ 
 joined the steamer /llliante in |8,S7, remaining with Iter for five years. Since that tiuie he has been enii)loyed on th' 
 /( ■; i'. LaJd ami the tug H-'alloriti. 
 
 Tiaiion 
 iltTetit 
 .\-toria 
 
 IWIIOII 
 
 liimliia 
 union 
 ,~terof 
 
 \Ili;niy 
 I'.'Uiicr 
 ^2 and 
 ! with 
 ;.'. ami 
 Ireil^e 
 
K a roiiiiil trip 
 letl ca|i,ui()iis 
 ilizcd, and on 
 Jiul ill iharRc 
 and. Neitlier 
 ted. 
 
 ii]>l)er ciiiiiilry 
 oil tliL' middle 
 ,'er. Thu first 
 
 of Cai)t. John 
 
 She left The 
 Salmon, aliotit 
 id reaclacl the 
 d then swnnj; 
 I lluiiiieville in 
 ute. The trip 
 
 dock at i.':i; 
 :. J. \V. Tronp 
 1 ininutcs from 
 ending to heat 
 iscades. The 
 (juare sail, and 
 irf boat. The 
 
 .sliii) the same 
 Company as a 
 :Kenzie, W. li. 
 • and narnnvly 
 d's Island, but 
 
 oria ronte with 
 little propeller 
 mfisoii. Ca])t. 
 
 hi]) pilot, and 
 III h'ehniary 
 regon Railway 
 s, which show 
 d to rorthuid 
 
 operation for 
 
 of Conductor 
 'nw>iip-<oii was 
 isworth lelired 
 
 was held, the 
 
 ^\' 
 
 .service at die 
 
 Portland Tug 
 S. Sibson, 
 
 pnrchaM.ll the 
 giiieer John S. 
 chief en;.;inecr. 
 
 d thirtnii feet 
 
 n traiisiLirlaUon 
 rvcd in .liilireiit 
 Irs on llu' .\~lotia 
 isl)est kii.'wnnn 
 111 llle C' nmliia 
 ral year^. ,ii(l on 
 a^o as iii.i-terof 
 
 lielwcei. \lbaiiy 
 
 oin till' I'aiiier 
 
 •:asl in I ■^imA 
 
 it retnii ! «illi 
 
 and .1': ». ami 
 
 (1 on til; Ireilse 
 
 The Closing Days of the Gokhn Em of Columbia River Steamboatiny 
 
 393 
 
 hold, with engines eighteen and thirty-one hy twenty-eight inches. Hochan was succeeded by Capt. J. IC. Denny 
 and *. ipt. (leorge Pease, and in 1.S.S4 Ca|)t. Dan McN'icar took charge and remained with her until 1S87, 
 when lie was sold to the I'ort Discovery Mill Comiiaiiy for 5-.S.fx«'. less tlian half her original cost. Tiie 
 e.vpeiiiiieiit was costly for the rorthinders, and if aii> henelit resulted it was reaped iiy the Hritish shipowners. 
 The sieamship ll'a//a W'alhi, under the direction of John dates, was used in sluicing out a twenty-four-foot 
 chaiintl on St. Helens bar in August. The big propeller moved forty thousand cubic yards of sand in five 
 (lays, ind the work was highly successful. A fine wooden steamer built for .service on the bar and for the 
 coasting trade wrs launclud at Astoria, June isth. by the Ilwaco Navigation Company and christened the iitiuial 
 .I/;/(> Capt. W. I'. Wlii'.comb was put in charge, with Charles Smith, 'engineer, both remaining with her until 
 
 ^^ 
 
 Capt. Wks I'. WiurcctMii 
 Cai'T. Jamks I". Wimx-oMii 
 
 Capt. Jamks H. Wiutcomh 
 Capt, Fkkh J, Whiicomh 
 
 Capt. Wim.iam H. Wmitcomii 
 Cait, (■,l;uKtn,: \, Wmitcumii 
 
 .\ NOT.\BI.K 1-AMlI.V 01' STKAMIIOAT CAPTAINS 
 
 I'lie .aliove enj^raviiiH of Capt. James H. Wliitconib and his five sons portrays the largest family of steainlioatinen in tlie 
 NorlluM-sl. t'ntil December, 1S92, when the ^niiip was liroken liy the dcatli of Capt. I'Veil J. WlulcomI), llie eiiliri- family wire in 
 aclivf . rvice in charge of steamers on Cray's Harbor, Shoalwater Hay and the Columbia River. Further mention of the meinbers 
 iiulivi'l.iallv is made elsewhere in this work. 
 
 'i 
 
 ! ;i 
 
 m 
 
 \\ 
 
 %^ 
 
 
 \ 
 
 %\\. 
 
 I 
 
 
 '?' 
 
 * % 
 
 i:,i' 
 
 !l 
 
294 
 
 Lewis cj Dryden's Mjrinn History of the Pacific Nortftwest 
 
 1HS9, when she wan sold to the I'orthiiid & Coast Steamship Company, who IctiKtheticd her, renamed lar the 
 \\'illaf<a, and in command of Capt. I,. A. Hailey and John Peterson ojieraled her in the Gray's Harlwr trniK. wjih 
 occasional trips to Coos Hay and other coast ports. In 1N94 she was leased hy the Hastings Steamhoat Coinimiiy 
 and handled hy Capt. A. VV. Horn, with Herbert Adams and Daniel Fairfield, engineers. In 1895 slu' wa.s 
 piircha.sed by Cajjt. (leorKe Roberts and Ivnuineer Kent of the Cilv o/' h'iiifislon, and extensively ovcrhaiilcMl ami 
 refitted. They are now operating her on the Alaska route. .\s originally built the .I/Z/cs- was one liun(ln.(l fvet 
 long, twenty-two feet beam, and ten feet hold, with engines si.xteeii and thirty-two by thirty-two inches. .\s the 
 W'illapa she is one hundred and thirty six feet long, twenty feet beam, and ten feet hold. The tugboat lletl \va.s 
 increased by the Jisforl No. J, a Coos Hay production, which \n still in service. She is ninety-two feet loni;, 
 twenty-four feel beam, and thirteen feet hold, with engines twenty and thirty-eight by thirty inches. She was 
 engaged in ,San Francisco for a few years after she was built, and, when the Oregon Railway & XaviKiitioii 
 Company commenced tugboating on the Columbia Kiver, went into their .service in command of Capt. Danii-l 
 Graham, with Engineer Kelly, until iSyi, when Fric Johnson was put in charge. Capt. George Pease, wlio 
 had constructed the steamer Henry I 'illaid for the Northern Pacific Railroad Company the preceding year, 
 superintended, in iS,S2, the building of the Kutie Hallelt. a fine steri.wheeler one hundred and thirty-fivi.- fiel 
 long, twenty-six feet beam, with engines from the .UcMinnvil/v, fourteen by forty-eight inches. She was operakd 
 
 on Clark's Fork of tlit 
 Columbia in coiistniciitm 
 work for the Northern 
 Pacific Railroad. 
 
 The Casaulis oj the 
 Columbia, a splendid steiii- 
 wheeler, was lauiicheil at 
 Portland for the United 
 States Engineers, and on 
 completion was put in charge 
 of Capt. John C. Gore and 
 lingineer Charles Iv. Ciorc. 
 She was n.sed but little until 
 i.S8,S, when Major Handbury 
 operated her in towing 
 barges from Fisher's Land- 
 ing to Fort Stevens, trans- 
 porting rock for the jelly. 
 She was admirably adapted 
 for this service, beinn fast 
 and powerful, and is still 
 engaged in the work. Diir 
 ing the past six years she 
 has been in charge of Capt. 
 
 \V. H. Whitcomb, Pilot Andrew Johnson, and Chief Ivngineer Ivnoch Davis. The Isabel, a small .sternwliLcIer, 
 was launched at Salem in 1S82 by A. Pre.scott, who built the A'e/lie the preceding year. She was commanckd by 
 Capt. J. L. Smith " until 1.H87, when Captains John Bonser, John W. Ivxon, and Nat H. I.ane, Jr., ran her. She 
 passed into the hands of the Farmers' Transportation Company in iH8y and was operated by Capt. Isaac Tlionias 
 on the Lewis River route. When Thomas sold out to the Hosfords they leased the steamer to Capt. S. R. Smith, 
 and while in his charge she sank at Sellwood and was dismantled. The hull .subsequently .served for a short tinit 
 as a wharf boat at Vancouver. The ShoaUvater Hay Transportation Company launched the steamer .}/i»i/esiii:o at 
 Astoria in 18.S2. vShe was a small sternwheeler intended for the Chehalis Ri\er trade, where she was handled by 
 Capt. George Whitcomb. In 1SS6 she was sold to Dan Welch of Astoria, and was in charge of Capt. Jolni \V. 
 Welch until 18S9, when she again returned to Gray's Harbor. The steam .scow I'.iileiprise, built at Aslciria liy 
 C. W. Shivley, ran as a freighter for a number of years and was afterward reconstructed and used as a Ihialing 
 shingle mill. Ham, Taylor & Co. constructed the sidewheel towboat Rustler at Portland in 1882, fitting ln.i with 
 the lien Holladaf s niachineiy. She continued in service for about ten years, in command of John E. Nelson, ' 
 C. H. Fuller, Thomas Campbell and Malcolm McFarland. She burned in 1892 at Goble, Dr., and I'j'L^-ineer 
 Nelson, who had been with her many years, lost his life. 
 
 l/'NITKU STATK8 StEAMKK " C.ASCAUKS " 
 
 ™ Capt. J. I,. Smith lias been a proniitietit figure ill upper Willttiiietle steaiulioat circles for over twenty years, heKiii'"")!^'''' 
 period when vessels on tliat stream were small and few. lie handled the steamers XeIHe and hahel an<l a number of otlur stiiall 
 craft until |8S6, when he entered the employ of the Oregon Railway it Navigation Company, where he has remained .since ll: it time, 
 with the e.\ception of brief periods when he has been in the service of the Oregon I'acinc Company. Kor the past thru' "r four 
 years he has been master on their steamer Modoc. 
 
 ^' Capt. John E. Nelson was born in Ohio, bewail stcamlioatiiig with his father 011 the Henrietta on the Willamette i" iS'S. 
 and has since been continuously engaged, most of the time as master of a towboat, .although he spent several months on liii' upiier 
 Columbia as pilot on a passenger steamer. He was last connected with the steamer lintcrprise. running on the Willaii" 'e ami 
 Columbia rivers. 
 
i1 . 
 
 Thi' Closing Days of thu Golden Era of Columbia River Steamboating 
 
 395 
 
 CAI'I. J, I.. SMllli 
 
 Other small stt;iimi.'r.s wliidi aiipcarcii in iSNj vvcro tlie propellers /i)//// Wis/ ami Lillian, laimcheil at 
 Raini' I. The former is still riiniiiiig in the service of her original owner, Dean Ulanchnrd. The Lillian, hnilt 
 lurC'pt. Thomas Orciitt, was afterward sold to the Knappton Mills, for whom she was handled liy Capt. Frank 
 Gro:'iuls until i,S,s,S, when she went to Alaska. At Portland the steamer Oua was constructed for Capt. Charles 
 
 Varnebern, the llii/>f>fua for F. I'erkins, the Sakaiia for V. M. 
 Warren, and the /union for Capt. S. A. Logan of Ya(|uina. T!ie 
 completion of the railroad by the Oregon Railway & Navigation 
 Company naturally left seveial surplus steamboats on the Columbia 
 an<l Willamette rivers without employment. The develo])ment of the 
 I'uget Sound country was proceeding with giant strides and oflered a 
 line field for .several of the idle steamers. The first of the lleet to 
 make the salt-water trip was the Idaho, which went around in Feb- 
 ruary. She was followed in June by the steamer Cily of ijiiiiin'. 
 The lVas/iini;ljn, intended for the Vancouver route, made the 
 run in .September, and the Hmma llayicanl, J. Iv. Denny, captain, 
 D. I'ardun, engineer, arrived at Seattle, October 24th. The do-.ellf. 
 Captain Krwin Farrer," Ivngineer John Ferrell, reached the same 
 port November 13th. 
 
 The most important event of the year in steamboat circles on 
 I'uget Sound was the incorporation of the Washington Steamboat 
 Company at Utsalady, May 2yth, with a capitalization of 5i()o,<m)() 
 and the following officers: D. H. Jackson," president ; I). S. Jacobs, 
 secretary ; Hiram J. Olney, manager. They started business with 
 the Daisy, Nellie a.nA City 0/ Oiiiniy, to which they added the ll'usli- 
 inghm in September. The president of the company had enjoyed 
 many years of experience in the operation of steamers, and it was to 
 his ability that the subsecpient success of the company is largely 
 due. From the small beginning made with the.se comparatively 
 iiisi);Mificant steamers grew the I'uget Sound & Alaska Steamship Company, of which further mention is made. 
 The W'asliiniilon was placed on the Uellingham Hay route, and the Oregon Railway i!v: Navigation Company 
 •il.irted the W'clrome after her, making a rate of fifty cents for freight and pas.sengers from vSenltle. A small 
 -teaincr was launched at Seattle in 1.S.S2 and in the succeeding years became a central figure in more varied and 
 iiUeicsling experiences than any .steam craft that has yet appeared on the Sound. She was designed by the Rev. 
 J. P, Ludlow, a Baptist minister, and on completion was christened the 
 
 ■Capt. I'raiik Ciroiiiuls. iiiastur ami eiiK''ii-'er, son of Capt. Ura/.il (iroiiiids, 
 a |ii(iiuir of tile Coluiiiliia Kiver, was liorii in I'ortlaiiil in 1S59. His first sleam- 
 'mitin),' was oil the A'lv/i' on tliu Cohiinliia River, and lie afterwaril ran a iiiiiiilier 
 iifsiii;!!! steamers ont of Astoria. He was in coniinaiKl of tlif steaniiT /.illiaii on 
 tile Kiiappton route for many years, ami after leaviiiK lliere ran the /iiiiny for the 
 Niinli Pacific I.iiniheriiiK Cinniiany, K"i''K from there lo I'uget Sound, where he 
 was cinploye<l for a short time on the st.eanier Md>xit'. .\t present he is engine. r 
 on llif steamer Siuigi/ Chief. 
 
 'Capt. hjwiii I'arrer, liorii in Minnesota in I.S61, came to the Colunihia 
 Kivcr in 1S79 and was employed on the tiiK lUiiiluim for a year, K"'"K from her 
 lo llie steamers Geneial i'liuhy wwA Gcurial Miles. In 1SS2 lie took the steamer 
 inKiile from the Columhia Uiver lo I'n^jcl Sound, ran with her for a couple of 
 iiiiiiilhs after rei-.-him,' there and on his relurn again joined the Ceneial .Miles. lie 
 iK\t took the steamer lio!'einor .\'e:ee// to dray's Ilarlior from Slioalwater Hay, 
 anil on arrival took charge of the steamer Afunlesuno, which he hrouglit in safely 
 lo tile latter place. He next took the steamer Ceneial Ctiifieh! \.a .Xstoria, and, 
 after ri|i.airing her, relumed lo the hay, where he operated her for two years, then 
 niiiiiiM),' the steamer Monlesmui for a year. He has since had command of the 
 ~leaiiiirs Tom .Monis, fiiiieka. ('(i/i,''i; and Cily of Astoria, remaining with the 
 litltr vessel for the last Uiree years. He was ior a short lime owner of the 
 H'lioniicr .Soiilli Heitil, with which he engaged in deep sea fishing. Captain l"arrer 
 Ills held a master's license fiir fourteen years and has hail consideralile experience 
 ill ruiiiiing inland steamers on Ihe Pacific Ocean. 
 
 "Capt. I). II. Jackson was horn in Warren, N. H., in kS;,3, going from there 
 lo Ilaiij^or, Me., with his parents when a child. In 1S47 he left Bangor and made a 
 trip til Mexico, relnrning two years later. In 1.S52 he engaged in himhering and 
 slcaiiil,oating on the I'enohscot River, leaving in 1S57 for New York and a year later 
 Roiiif; 111 California, where he worked for a season in the mines, then went lo Puget 
 .Soiii-.!, arriving at Port I.ndlow ami entering the employ of .\tnos Phinney iS; Co., who were owners of the mills at that place. In 1S71 
 In- ail c pled a ]iosition with the Puget Jlill Company and remained with them as agent for many years in charge of their steaniboals 
 iml Hillside hiisiness. In |S8( he organized the Washington Steamhoal Company, which was succeeded hy the Puget .Sound ^: 
 .\lask 1 Steamship Company, Jackson heing president of hoth companies, and during his leiiiine iiurcliasiug the elegant steamer 
 iV/v re .K'iiifr^io,! and hnililing her sister slii)), the Cily of .Seattle. I'nder lii.s skillful mauagemenl llie small licginning m.ide hy the 
 i'oiii|, iiitively insignificant steamers Cily of (Jiiiney, H'asliingtoii, and one or two others, developed into one oi^ the largest and liest 
 i;i|iii|ii ill transportation companies wliich has yet nourished on Puget .Sound. Captain Jackson disposed of his interests in the 
 I'uKi'i Sound & Alaska Comiiany in 1.S92, and two years later organized the Northwestern Steumship Company, operating the 
 eleKai't new .steamer Rosalie on the Victoria route iinil the steamers C'eoige /•.'. Starr am\ Idaho on the Port Townsend mail line. 
 Mis W'w venture promises all the success achieved in his former enterprises. 
 
 CrVl'T. i-:k\\in 1<'.\kki:k 
 
 1; 
 
 1 
 (I 
 *:. 
 
 ;■. 1 
 
 V I 
 
 i:-. 
 
 k 
 
 ' I 
 
 li 
 
 \ I 
 
296 
 
 Lewia (J Dryden'a Marine Hiatory of the Paoifio Norihweat 
 
 SlKAMKR " I'AANt.l'.l. 
 
 /•hivifiel. Ludlow's liol>l)y for yenrs liiul l)ecn to o|K'ratc a rosjk'I ship. The chniice never ofTcri'tl until ahoiu 
 iSSr, when 11 rii-li relative <lieii, lenviiiK liiiii several tliousaiid (lollars. Tiiis ^ave him an opportunity to {.iit his 
 ideas into praetit'c, and lie at once sent out u pamphlet in which lie explained his purposes as follows : 
 
 " Itiioiril in till- I mi/ ■ AlUr live yi'iirs of wailing. wiilrliiiiK, wciikiiiK and praying in tills faraway lii'lil, llit iltnr l.iird in 
 now piTinillinK nir lo k" forwani in llir I'Xi'iiilion of a iniHsion wliii-li lir has laid anil liipl iis a «|iii'ial liurdcn on my liiiil Thj» 
 
 in iioni- otlift lliati to linild and cipiip a s{vi\i\i l.iiiiuli 
 wliiili nliall ^o up and down all tlicsi' iiiliiM<l uiitci 
 of till- ureal Norlliwi'st, intlndlii); \Va»liin^;iiiii IVr- 
 ritory. llritiNli Colnniliia and Alaska, linirni;; In nil 
 claHNCH the prerious ^OHjad of Jusns witliniii tnonev 
 and willicnit prirr. No K^andfr or niori' i niiiprf' 
 licimivi' missionary work is prcscnU'il an\«lii , 'ihan 
 this. This mission liidil iniliiilcs a siinrc line ul 
 oviT 2,.s<>' mill's, upward of lil'y towns or villauts 
 with a population of over ij,(mki souls, an m-i t-ssiMf 
 Inillan population of 3,S,<><>, an i-hli ainl |{ii» ni 
 3, OKI seafaring nU'U annually, ami a varying ( liirior 
 population of .i,5i«i. * * Kvirywlmc ilie 
 
 religions ilestitulion is truly sad. There arc luinlics 
 r * remote that they rarely see a strau^t-r, iiikI uiatiy 
 of them entirely iuaccessihle save hy Huh r i niivev- 
 aiii'e and ipiite asiile from all the riuitis nl nsiiiil 
 travel. The Chinese element is totally iniinrid liv 
 any Christian ell'ort exeept ill one or Iwn of lli^' 
 larger towns. The Indian element of .Alaska is lait 
 ini'liiileil in the ahove statistirs, and pieseiils ,1 naiiim 
 of 6<i,i««i, not only nrneiit liiit iinp:ttient for llie mis 
 siimary and the gospel. We await all opporliiiiitv In 
 visit them ami make a full report thereon. In luj; 
 leet them longer will he criminal if ' Norlli Anurii.i 
 for Christ ' is to coutiiine as onr iiiolto. Tliiniinliniu 
 this entire held, to each and all its classes of hninaii 
 neeil ami wherever the ciirliiiK smoke of wililwiKnl 
 camp or cabin shall sinnal us, we pnipnsc in nn, 
 hearing the free and precious gospel of Jesus, and hy voice of cheery greeting or of printed page and picture, hy sermon or liy sniij;, 
 hy the lone missionary or the praying hand, hv ininistratioii to the physical, spiritual or .social needs of llie pe.iplc. and hy any 
 agency or agents which (lod shall gi\'e ns, we will seek to educate, gladden ami save. To board every vessel, to hail every canoe, 
 to visit evi.ry camp, to reach every Chinaman, and ever take the name of Jesus with us, is what is in oiir heart to do. The Master's 
 voice li.is reached at once our head, our heart and our poi-ket, saying, '(io ye into the highways,' and He has alrtady heard nur 
 reply, ' I.ord, we go ,' and as the Lord shall seinl to us Ili:^ cliose'i laborers, a Moody or Sankey, or any 'ilier consecrated wnrker 
 with song or service, this vehicle of coinniunication is ever at hand. Here then conies now and but for once our Macedoniaii cry. 
 ' Come over and help us.' Will yon go with ns, send us, or share ill onr mission ? The boat is biiihled, hut must needs be enuippe*! 
 for the Lord's use. « » » Ilirewilh is a partial list of articles, each and all of which will .it limes be needed for the service of 
 our mission. Will yon not select some one or more ileparlmeilts and forward either the articles or money to purchase tlurewilli ' ' 
 
 This Striking appeal hiotight good results, and in a short lime subscriptions began to pour in from cliiircli 
 .societies in all parts of the world, but, unfortunately for the neglected heathen on the 2,500 miles of slmrc line 
 etc., Ludlow became interested in other business before the /-.'I'dwi/r/ was completed. John I.eary of Seattle liiid 
 underbid the Pacific Coast Steamship Company and secured the Alaska mail contract. The big company llieii 
 chartered or subsidized nearly every available steamer on the Coast, so I.eary and 
 his as.sociates induced Ludlow to cut his boat, then almost ready to launch, and 
 lengthen her twenty feet. He decided to do .so and promptly returned all the 
 contributions receiv.- ! from the church organizations, but refu.sed to sink all of 
 his religious inclinatv When the launch was made, instead of breaking the 
 
 usual bottle of wine i)\er the bow, a little girl dressed in w' ite was stationed 
 forward and as the vessel slid down the ways scattered relig.of. '. tracts in profu- 
 sion. A number of old stcamboatmeii who witnessed the afl'aiv prophesied nothing 
 but ill luck for a ve.s.sel that had come into existence under stt li peculiar circum- 
 stances, and in after years they had many occasions to u.se t!ie familiar, " I told 
 you .so." While the steamer was making her first trip to Ala.ska the crown sheet 
 of the boiler burned out when a short distance from N'ictoria. Tbe Mastiil; was 
 sent out to finish the trip, and the l-.vam^cl limped back to .Seattle, wiiere she was 
 laid up .several weeks for repairs. Hy the time she was ready to run Leary had 
 surrendered the mail contract to the Pacific Coast Steamship Company, who had 
 offered Ludlow $25,000 for the steamer before she turned a wheel, and Ludlow 
 was on the verge of financial ruin. He started the livangcl on the New Westminster route from Scii'.Mc in 
 charge of Capt. E. K. Bucklin,"' but she was afterward chartered to Capt. Herbert F. Beecher, ' wlio ran I-i r to 
 
 KBV. J. r. I.CEIUH 
 
 ''Capt. E. I". Ilucklin was born in Maine in September, 1S51. At the age of seventeen he entered a machine shop alL . 
 where he remained until I.S75. when he moved lo I'ugel Sound. On arrival he worked two years at the Port Madison Mi' 
 which he entered the marine service as engineer of the steamer h'uhy. After maiiipulating the throttle for a year be becaiiii' 
 of the boat, continuing with her for eighteen months, when he went as master on the Itig Cclilo for the .same period. He iIk- 
 over to the famous /■h'ttiigf/. When she was laid up six months later he returned to the Port Madi.soii Mill Company as caji 
 the tug ,/(/i/;c. lie retnained in command of the Addie for eight years, with the exception of a few months when he was on ■■ 
 Despalth. In 18S8 he took charge of Capt. V,. Miller's tug A';-. 
 
 "Capt. Herbert 1". Ileecher was born in Drooklyii, N. Y.. in 1X5,^ His first marine experience was on Sound steamei^ 
 New York. He came to the Pacific Coast about KS7.S and was engaged for eighteen mouths on the steamship Onxi'ii, and, on I 
 her, ran for nearly a year on the /(/a/10 on the midiUe Columbia. He went to I'uget Sound in 1880 as master anil pursi 
 
 iiiiK-ii, 
 alter 
 
 laster 
 went 
 
 .iiliof 
 
 n- lug 
 
 111 of 
 •iviiig 
 
 OU 11 
 
r/?'' CIniiing Dnys o/' thu (uilrkn Fn of Columbia River Stuamboafing 
 
 297 
 
 Sciii iliiii'X) ninl \'ii't<)rin, with S. W. MikIki".' tiiK'"'-''^''' ''''<•' vciituri' provnl uii|ir(>lUiil>li', ami hi- unve iip his 
 charur to Cai)t. llnrry l.iitt. In iMHfi Capt. J. \V. Tartc Uxik coinmaiiil, iiiid, with W. K. Tarlc, " fiiKini'tT, ran 
 her 111! the island route. In Sfplfnibcr, ihhs, I.ndlow sold tlii' stoanicr tii Captain Morunn of Port Townsfiid for 
 f^.S' ". her new owner snliseipiently disposing of a half interest to Capt. U'infielil Mann. In iSi^.i she was in 
 
 collision with the .S/:iig// ( hirl oil' l-'ive Mile I'oint and a \ear later 
 
 exploded her holier at Selionie, killing; three men. She was snhse- 
 
 cpiently rei)nired and has sinee been nniniilK out of Port Townsend on 
 
 different routes, sinkiiiK at the dock in Port Angeles late in 1.^94. 
 
 I.udlow, her eccentric owner, went to Japan after di.sposinn of the 
 
 steamer ami ennnned in missionary wurk, returnini; to Seattle in iHi^s. 
 
 Other small steamers a))pearin^; on the Sonml in iSHj were the 
 
 /itmis Af( ,\'aii[;lil Imill for the Skagit River trade, the //diii for Port 
 
 Orchard, the Ittih Mine launched at .Steilacoom, l.diui and Slaxdinsl at 
 
 Seattle, the Cora and one or two others. Tlie I'^ixisy was .sold hy the 
 
 Pu^et Sound Transportation t'ompany to I). H.Jackson, the /(•.v.v/V hy 
 
 r.eor>;e II. Smith to Capt. J. O Parker, and the fosrpliiin to J. O. Hell 
 
 for j(7,(«iii, Harry I.ott was operating the //of<r to \'ictoria, The 
 
 X'ictoria boats were: the iW'illi I'lUii", Thomas Wilson, captain, 
 
 deorKc Kolierts, mate; tuott^f /•,'. S/nrr, Cyrus Orr, captain, A. M. 
 
 Mc.Mpine, raate. The AV/rv; .-liniiisoii, after an idleness of five years, 
 
 sank at the wharf in Seattle. The fmest addition to the inland lleet 
 
 was the steamer A'. /'. Rillnl, constructed liy Commodore John IrviuK 
 
 at Victoria to take the Jjlace of the lost l\li iitnth Iiiiiia. She was 
 
 launched April :!otli and made her trial trip June 7tli. .She was one 
 
 hundred and seventy six feet lon(j. thirty-four feet beam, av'l eijjhl feet 
 
 IidIcI, and was the first steamer in those waters ecpiipped with hyilraulic steeriiif; >;'-'■"'• Captain Irving handled 
 
 her liimself the first year after she was completed, and Capt. J. I). Tackaberry was master in 1SS4. In iS.Ss she 
 
 rt:!-- started on the Nanaimo route in opposition to the . liiirlia, and since that time has been euKati^^'d on the 
 
 Kra--er River in charge of Captain Jagers most of the time. The steamer (iirlnidc was brought to the h'raser 
 
 from the Stickeen, and, in charije of Captain Odin, ran opposition to the William /r;i/ix>, which had been 
 
 ixlensively repaired. The steamers Cussittr, Wrsliiii Slof<(- and Pacific Slope w^ie also on the Fraser. The latter 
 
 was a small steruwheeler with a single enjfine and made her first trip on the Fraser, April ist. The Wilson (i. 
 
 Ilidil was runniuK to Como^4 and Nanaimo from \'ictoria. On Kamloops I.ake the /.adr l^iij/criu, /'ccilcss, 
 
 A'iiw/(i(i/>.(, Si-in~y and others 
 
 were engaged. The latter 
 
 vessel was in the service of ' 
 
 Cait. i\. I'. HrcKl.lN 
 
 ,' !l 
 
 om Sea' 
 
 He ill 
 
 'ho ran 
 
 ar to 
 
 illoiJ at L 
 lisoii Ml' 
 
 ikU'II, 
 a Iter 
 
 ■ liec'iinii' 
 
 ■laster 
 
 Ileth.' 
 
 went 
 
 ny as im; 
 
 lill of 
 
 ? was oil 
 
 r tug 
 
 stcaiiiiM- 
 
 ;Mt of 
 
 aiiil. on ! 
 
 rivillK 
 
 ml pur- 
 
 "11 a 
 
 ^^iX4^^ 
 
 iiuinliiT of tlie Ort'^nn Kail\va\' iV 
 
 Na\i^ati(>ii steamers. In iK.S^; lit' 
 
 cliaiuii'd llie /ivii'ixi'l. opfratiiiH 
 
 lier for several inoiulis, Ifaviiij; 
 
 lur in lime, |SS5, when he was 
 
 appointed collector uf cnsloms at 
 
 I'nit Townsend. On retirinj^ 
 
 fmiii I he olhee n year later lie wa.s 
 
 in till' employ of the Washinfjtoii 
 
 StcMiiiliiiat Company as master of 
 
 till- I'. J i I /i until Jaiinnry, 1SS7, 
 
 wlifii he was made a special a^eiil 
 
 of till- I'liiled Slates Treasury 
 
 ln-p iiiinent, holding ,his positioii 
 
 until .\)iril, iSSi). He then pur- 
 
 cli:i.i'<l the steamer /. A'. I.ihhy 
 
 .ind with others foniied the Island 
 
 Tiaiisportation Company, operat- 
 ing llie I.ihhy, I'oiiil .In 11,1 anil 
 
 (iiihiiil Miles. The company 
 
 relii.il from husiness when the 
 
 A/'' r hnriie<l in Noveinher, iSSy. 
 
 anl Ifeecher shortly afterward 
 
 entiled the employ of the ("lOV- 
 
 eriiiiu'iit as pilot (ii the I'unet 
 
 Sniiinl revenue cullers, 
 
 ■■ S. W. iMuiIkc, engineer, has liecn eiiKaKcd in steamhoatinn on the Colnmliia since 1S79, heginniuK on the A'li/ii/t) wii'.i Capt. 
 Stevens. lie was afterward on the stcnniers .Sum and Oidikstcf^ on the Coluinliia, and in iSH.) went to I'uj;et Soniid ami was 
 Hed with Capt. II. I'". Heecher on l\\e fiviiiixil. I'or the iie.vt three years he was on the I'liited .Slates steamers ,S//«/i/7ii<' and 
 ■ iiii/a as first Bssislant. In iSSS and 1,S,S9 he was en.nineer on the steamer /iiA;/ /linr, running to .-Maska, leavinn ,sall water in 
 iiid working for nearly two years on Ihe steamers .Vi' ll'oiii/ii and /, IhJwiiy with Captains l''raiik and Josejdi Turner, Since 
 lie has heen ennaKcd on the steamship U ihiiiii,i;lo!i and the stcainer /,.; Ctiiiiin. He is at present living al Ilwaco. Wash, 
 
 "Capt, W, R. Tarte, lilaine, Wash,, was horn in I'jiHland in 1S5S, Ilis lii ' marine work was on the steamer />,s/><iliii, 
 ■■ he was emploved for three years, was afterward en)jaKed as engineer on the steamer l'irt;i>iii), and was mate on llie to//,/ 
 short time. Since then he has served as engineer on the h'lislhi, Jiiiiiigcl, llriik, J'lirilaii and others, occasionally runiiin 
 ister, holding botli licenses. 
 
 SrK.\.MKK 'R. 1'. KlTUUl 
 
 II. 1 
 
 elll; 
 
 .1/,, 
 
 IS., 
 
 till! 
 
 wll, 
 for 
 
 as 11 
 
 "K 
 
 
 I 
 
 A 
 
 '^>i 
 
 i'. 
 
 ,*;i 
 
 V 
 
 ^ , 
 
 f i: 
 
 ■ (; 
 :'l 
 
 n 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 - \ \ 
 
 ■ it i 
 
 •\ ■ 
 
 ■ 
 
 j. 
 
 ■ * 
 
 ■ i 
 
 » ; 
 
 liiJ 
 
 ■ r 
 
 11 
 
298 
 
 Lewis <$ Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 P.'-' 
 
 CAiT. William Ueynon 
 
 the Canadian Pacific Railway construction department, and, in the summer of 1882, was taken from Fort \ :ilc to 
 
 the moulli of tlie Thompson River by Capt. S. R. Smith and Pilot W. H. Patterson. Tlie steamer was aftLiwanl 
 
 dismantled and her engines placed in the new Skm:y, built on Kamloops Lake by J. F. T. Mitchell for Contractor 
 
 Onderdoak. The new lioat was commenced in 1885 and was in running order forty-four days after her ktcl w.i.s 
 
 laid. She was one hundred and forty feet long, twenty-eight feet beam, 
 
 and four feet six inches hold. Capt. James Wilson of Portland was one 
 
 of the last in command of the old Skii::Y and in the summer of 188,^ 
 
 handled her between Hoston Bar and Lytton. Her boiler is now in the 
 
 steamer Lyltoii on the upper Columbia. 
 
 The small propellers Jof Adams and Nerv Westminster were con- 
 structed in i,S82 for .service in connection with the Fraser River Cannery. 
 
 The propeller Piineess Louise, Jr., was purchased by Mr. Duncan and 
 
 taken to the Metlakatlah mission in Alaska. Capt. J. D. Warren 
 
 launched the steam schooner draee for sealing and trading along the 
 
 coast, and Capt. William Beynon "' was for a long time in command. 
 
 The northern trade had grown to such proportions that a number of 
 
 Victorians purcha.sed the British steamship Sardonyx, which arrived 
 
 from Liverpool, May 2olh, in charge of Capt. William Meyers and 
 
 Kngineer Madigan. The Sardonyx was built at Greenock in 1869, 
 
 and was one hundred and seventy-eight feet long, twenty-six feet beam, 
 
 and fourteen feet hold, with engines twenty-five and forty-four by thirty 
 
 inches. She was eighty-one days on the way out and entered the 
 
 northern trade June ist, in charge of Capt. J. D. Warren. She proved 
 
 rather expensive for the traffic am' in 18.S4 was .sent to China in 
 
 command of Capt. S. W. Bucknam," with a cargo of freight and two 
 
 hundred and fifty Chinamen. She ritnrned in May, 1S85, and a year later sailed for Mexican ports under cliarter 
 
 to a Mexican navigation company, Captain Bucknam remaining in command. After a year in that service >hc 
 
 returned to Victoria, where she was purchased by the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company, who operated licr 
 
 betweer. the Columbia River and British Columbia ports until 1890, when .she was wrecked near Fort Simpson 
 
 (see wreck of .Sardonyx). 
 
 A notal)le arrival in steamship circles in 1882 was the Wilmington, which reached ^'ictoria on Ikt first 
 
 trip December 20th, in command of Captain Ross. She was constructed at Wilmington in 1865, but a lew ye;irs 
 
 later was so badly damaged in a storm on the Atlantic Coast that 
 .:-, . ^.(,.i,,i ... - . she was rebuilt at Philadelphia in 1870. After reaching the Pacific 
 
 Coast .she was purchased by Frank Barnard, who operated her on 
 the northern routes as an opposition steamer. Ross was succecdeil 
 by Capt. David Blackburn, who was lost in 1894 on the Moiitserrnl. 
 In his charge she ran t,. Puget Sound in 1883, being the l''st o;e:in 
 steamer to touch at Whatcom since 1S58. Ivarly in January, 1SS5, 
 1W* iK while on a trip to \'ictoria, her machinery was disabled in hititiidt.- 
 
 44" 13', longitude 123° 2', and before Captain Blackburn could t;et 
 her under control she was 3110 miles off shore, nearly opposite Sitk.i. 
 She had a crew of tw^enty-six men and twenty-three passengers anil 
 was out thirteen days. In August the steamer was subsidized and 
 
 "Cipt. WilHiiin Hcvnoii was lioni in .Swansea, Wales, in US411. inltreil 
 the marine service at his l)irth|)lace, and followed deep water nntil iSoh, when 
 he went to California, remaining there for five years, and then sailing to T' x^t 
 Sound on the liark Gtiii of llie Oaan, leavinj; her for a lierth on the (fi'litih ami 
 the tuK ri77/? ll'itHei. He then nimle a trip to Tahiti and hack to the .''oiiiicl 
 liy way of San iManeisco, and in 1.S74 joined the steamer i'lii-iiLui, jiisl l.inmiuil. 
 lie went to Victoria in i.S7,s and served on the steamer /\)iiiiia, and iVoiii Iier 
 shipped as mate on the /llink Diatnoiiil. Hefore J. ]). Warren placed steam in 
 his sU. jp Tliiinilon, Ueynon sailed with her as ni.ate. leaving he,- to relnrii i" the 
 /Uaik lUamond and /:■///( .i! ,• an.l, when the Thoi 1. 1, ;; was litted as a steaii;. r, he 
 UKain joined her and has since licen master of at' of Warren's vessels. He was 
 uiale on the steamer lUubaia tiowowUz for nearly fonr years and master nt the 
 t'i(;;A'<i (;«(//•"/(' and of the .Mfit. lie was in command of the tiiR Myitciy 'lien 
 she went north with the honndaiy snrvcy commission and ran her on her ui.irii- 
 '"Capt. S. W. Unckiiam was horn in St. Johns, New Hrnnswick, in r.,S". 
 commenced his career on the .Mlantic Coast, running to the West Indies imiI of 
 New York, and also made occasional trips to Sonth .\meriean ports. His lirst visit to the Northwest was in 1SS3 in coinniand I'l the 
 bark /«!,"' 'Wi/'', of which he was a jiart owner. As he was favorably impressed with the eonntry, and was accomi)anieil by his f .iiilv, 
 he dc-ided to locate in V;,toria, He was niven command of the steamship Sutttoiiyx soon after her arrival and remained wii' 
 for a year, ninniiiK' to IIiMi>;kon^.' and Mexico. He then took charge of the venerable Heavei Uix a few months, leavinj,' her to ■. 
 I\ast, where he pnrchased the sealin;; schooner .hiil, with which he made a iruise to HerinK Sea, was oidered out liy I'"' I ■ 
 States revenue cntter /\'icliard A'l/s/i, and on retnrniiif; to Victoria took conuiiaml of the dredge l\u>lii\ remaining with her 
 eijjhteen uiuiiths. In iSyi he was appointed pilot for the Victoria and Ksqnimalt districts, and is still engaged in i' it work. 
 
 \V. IlreKN.. 
 
 ■ her 
 
 le.l 
 
The Closiiuj Diiys of the (loklen Era of Columbia River Steamboating 
 
 299 
 
 retiri'l to Oakland Creek, but was sent to China a month later. The Pacific Coast Steamship Company tired 
 of ilii l>argain, and in iS.SS Barnard aji;ain started her on the Sound route in charge of Capt. J. W. Gage. 
 About 1.S91 she was purchased by the Merchants' Steamsliip Company, who ran her between the Columbia 
 Rjvii and San Francisco. In ilovember slie was driven north during a heavy gali , and reached Seattle in a 
 damaged condition, with empty coal bunkers. Ned Moody, her master, Thomas Moran, chief e!i;.;ineer, and 
 IHi CVtte, first officer, resigned. Captain Angenstein took command for a few trijis, but was easily satisfied 
 anil i;!^''^ ""•"*>■ *" ^'- '^'- Jessen. While he was master the steamship crashed into the tug Astoria, and several 
 tlioii>and dollars in damages resulted. Jessen left her soon after this, and Capt. Peter H. Crim took charge. l!y 
 this lime the U'i7iii/in;h»i was in bad odor owing to the belief that she was engaged in smuggling, her owners 
 having taken her ofT the Kan Franci.sco route and started her on the run between Vancouver, Victoria and 
 Portland. She was .seized at Astoria, July 11, 1892, on a charge of having contraband opium 01: board, but 
 was released and conti.iued in .service until January, 189^ when she reached Astoria in a battered condition, six 
 days from Puget Sound, her lime cargo having twice fired the vessel. She was taken to Llnnton to discharge, 
 and while lying at the wharf again caught fire and burned everything except the hull, which sank at the 
 dock, warped and twisted. \V. B. Jackling was her l.tst engineer, and subsequently proved to be one ol the 
 ringleaders of the big opium ring which was exposed soon after the Haylian Republic took the ll'i/)iiiiij>/oii's 
 place in the trade. The steamer registered 752 tons, with single engines forty-four and one-half by seventy-two 
 inches, the power being 
 
 distributed by coj; gearing. - 
 
 In February, iSof while . 
 
 on licr way from La Conner 
 to Seattle, Judge Green of 
 Seattle held a session of 
 court on board, which is 
 said to be the only in.stance 
 on record of such a pro- 
 ceeding. 
 
 Noting the .success 
 of liarnard on the northern 
 route, Nicholas I.uning of 
 Sau Franci-sco purchased 
 the old steamship W'illiaiii 
 Tabor from John T. Wright 
 and prepared her for the 
 Portland and San Francisco 
 trade. A monthly subsidy 
 of three thousand dollars 
 induced him to keep t h e 
 Tabor in San F'rancisco. 
 The Pacific Coast Steam- 
 sliip Company added the 
 Oidiii Of lilt- Pacific to their 
 
 northern lleet in 1882, the steamer reaching Portland on hci first trij) September i8th in charge of Capt. 
 Ivzekiel Alexander." She was built at Philadelphia, and was three hundred and thirty feet long, thirty-eight 
 feet five inches beam, and twenty-one feet two inches depth of hold, 1,697 tons register, with engines forty-five 
 anl ninety by forty-eight inches. She continued rniniing on the Portland route until December, i88_^, when 
 she was reiired. In September, i88_v while en ionic to Portland with a large party of notables on tli ir way 
 north to witness the driving of the last spike on the Northern Pacific Railroad, she stranded on Clatsop Spit, 
 and came very near proving a total wreck. The tugs rioiiccr, llrciiliaiii, .liioria, Columbia and Ccitcral Miles 
 finally succeeded in floating her, receiving over jH6o,ik-)<) salvage. Heavy fog and smoke caused the accident, 
 .IS tlie steamer was in charge of A. H. Wass, a pilot of uii(|Uestioned ability. She had on board at the time (d" 
 llie disaster two hundred .i"d thirty-two passengers and a crew of ninety men. After leaving the iKirtlieni route 
 tile (>ue--u ran south from San F'rancisco for a long time, and for the past fev,- years has been in the .\laska 
 
 [ !\' 
 
 ■ ; i 
 
 in 
 
 iswick, iti !'5o, 
 
 *' Capt. l'>.t'kiel Alexander was l)orii in Maine in 1844. began his life on tlie water on a tisliinK sinaok at tlie age ofnini'. ran 
 ill tlu- tishiujj aiul coastinj^ business for several years, and iJurinj; the Civil 'Var s])ent consiilerabJe time in the Navy. On .inival nn 
 tlif I'.tcilic Coast in 1S6H he joined the schooner , /.A; /■/ c, runninj^ In the Aictic Ocean. He remained witli her until she was l'\.t, 
 Mh\ III iS7() went back I'lasl. returtiinj,.^ ajj;aiii in iS;.) ami eutcrini; ihe ei.iploy of (loodall, I'erkins ^ Co. I!is iirf.t slcRmshi]> 
 H'r\,ii- with them was as mate <m stcamshi^is with Ca)il. ('.eranl Uebnev. Ke wa.i then master oi' tlie steanisliips i 'i>n\/tin/tfrt\ /.t>\ 
 .hi- /rs, /tiaho, Atttou and (nVf^C' "'■ AV./r* . In I.SS.* he went I'!ast and took char^'e of the steamship i^iirrn of f/tr i\u'ifi,\ 
 lirinv^inj,; lier to the Tacilic Coast and rnnninj^ as master of her until 1SS7. thence yoinj^ to the i'oronti. /\'i'/.>Hti. Jfrviio, (>//:,i/>tJ 
 iiiii! "tilers. At present lie is captain of the steamship .S\i///ii A'(>m/ on th'.- San Oiej^o route. He was master of the steamer Onrrtt 
 \\\\:.i she grounded on Clatsop Spit at tlie numth of llie Columbia River. 
 
300 
 
 Lewis cf Drydcn's Marine History of the Pacific Northw ist 
 
 summer excursion business in command of James Carroll, with William H. Allison,'' chief engineer. In 1X90 
 
 the latter part of her name was eliminated. 
 
 Tramp steamships in great numbers came to the Northwest in 1882. Among this class of ocean wandtrers 
 
 were the Euphrates, Captain Mitchell, at Victoria with 600 Chinese from Hongkong, the Escambia at the .same 
 
 port with 902, the Sue: with 890, and the Siralliairly with 1,115'^'. 
 
 X The latter vessel became involved in difficulties by carrying more 
 
 than ,•'00 passengers in excess of the number allowed, and a fine of 
 fifty dollars per head for all over 750 was imposed upon her owners. 
 She had received $47.50 pa.ssage money from each. The liritisb 
 steamers liotlnfcll Caslte arrived at Portland in May with 1.1 yo 
 Chinese, the lilciicly in May with 650, the Aniicrliy in June with 
 8(X), the Pcvons/iirf in June with S46, the Afedcs with 850, and the 
 steamers Madras and Volincr also brought several hundred each. 
 Some of the tramp steamships bringing coolies to San Francisco came 
 north for coal, among the number the steamers Ca>io/>us, '/'riiimfi/i 
 and C. T. Hook. British Columbia received the largest share of the 
 incoming celestials. The nunber arriving at Victoria from January 
 ist to June 26th was 6,676. The sailing ve.s.sels did not overlook 
 this rich harvest, and among those engaged in the traffic were llie 
 I'mpor/er \\\X\\ 395 Chineae. /o/ia/Zian Bouriw 6^0. Kate Davenport ly^. 
 Charier Oak 45", Martha ^,58, .Igate 350, Bessie 6(Xi, Sun 11. ; \i>-. 
 The steamship Eseamhia, after discharging her Chinamen at \ '' 
 went to San Francisco and loaded wheat. Soon after pas.siiig o it of 
 the Golden Gate she careened and san':, carrying yith her eleven 
 men. Captain Purvis, the engineer, and seven others reached shore, 
 Init of the fate of another boat containing nine members of the crew 
 nothing was ever heard. The disaster was caused by too much coal 
 on deck, making the ves.sel so top-heavy that when she made the first 
 
 roll she went on her beam ends and could not right, but filled and went down inunediately. 
 
 The Columbia River grain fleet for 1882 included 135 vessels, the largest of whicli was the German bark 
 
 Elizabeth, 1,770 tons, the smallest the French bark Esmeralda, 384 tons. Sixty-four of the vessels were over 
 
 i,ot)o tons, forty-four over 1,100, thirty-one over 1,200, twenty-two over 1,300, nine over 1,400, and four over 
 
 1,600. Among the fleet were sixty-eight British and eleven American barks and sixteen American .ships. Tlie 
 
 latter included the Belle of Oregon, 
 
 C. S. Hurlburt, Indiana, Western ~- ' ■ 
 
 Belle, Ivy, Annie Johnson and W. H. 
 
 Starbuck. The shippers were as fol- 
 lows: Sil>aOn, Church & Co. 44 car- 
 goes, Balfour, Guthrie & Co. 38, 
 
 C. C;L'sar & Co. 27, Meyer, WiLson 
 
 & Co. 5, A. W. Berry, Astoria, 2, 
 
 Kinney & Co., Astoria, t. Rogers, 
 
 Meyer & Co. 4. Corbett & Macleay 2, 
 
 G. W. McNear 5. Taylor, Voung 
 
 & Co. and Sibson, Church & Co. 
 
 shipped a cargo together, and G. VV. 
 
 B'lrnsiJe, .Salem Flouring Mills Com- 
 
 pan\ , Allen & Lewis, Taylor, Voung 
 
 & Co., McKenzie & Cavanaugh and 
 
 E. H. Gammans a cargo each. Tlie 
 
 British ship City of Carlisle narrowly 
 
 escaped the loss of a valuable charter. 
 
 7;o(j p. M., January 1st, 1883, saving several thousand dollars by a margin of Init five hours. 
 
 WlLf.lAM II. Al.MSON 
 
 SIKAMSIIU- 'tlllili.N ui' nil'; I*.\C1I IC 
 
 She arrived at Astoria, l):;cember 31st, at 6;oo i>. m., and it Portlan'l at 
 
 '-' William H. Allison, chief engineer of the steamship (.>«<•(■«, was boru in Benicia, Cal., in 1855, and when iiiiile >• 
 serveil an apprenticeship at the Risilon Iron Works in ,San I-'rnncisco. .\fler mastering tile trade he workeil at en^ineerini; i- 
 nnlil 1S77, vlien he joined the steamer ('(CaHi' and made one trip to China. He then went to ilie steamship (Uvighi, and \v:i' 
 her when she was wrecke.l on the coast of Central America. He next joined the steamship City of I'rkiHg as oiler for a . :ii 
 went from her to the City of Syiliuy as third assistant for ahont the same length of time. He then left for a trip '''ast and 
 there worked for a few months in Cramp's shipyard. When the (_Vr« o, the I'aii/ii was n-aily for lin tiiji f. '1, racilie ^ 
 Mr. .\llisoii joined her as second assistant and remained with her a year ii, that cai>acity. lU then ' V !.■ ..'Vf V,:: p.it'iion (i: 
 assistant on the .steamship /iunkii. hut after remaining with her for a few months returned to the sli;,inship Quee'i .. "rst assi-^ 
 ill which capacity he ran four or five years. He then went back to the /iiirelia as chief engineer, but in a few niont'.i < ■ appu' 
 chief on the Queen, and in that position has been running uortli for about seven years. 
 
 iiing 
 
 'iiire 
 
 ,^illl 
 .lld 
 
 iiile 
 .a ,t, 
 lirsi 
 lilt, 
 
Ill 1S90 
 
 i'ortlaii'l .It 
 
 i*--* 
 
 .\ 
 
 The Closing Days of the Golden Era of Columbia River Steamboating 30 1 
 
 The Astoria Transportation Company was organized at the City by the Sea, and built a huge barge, one 
 hinulii-il and seventy-five feet long and forty-two feet beam, with which they handled lighterage between I'ortland 
 and Astoria for sixty-two and one-half cents per ton. The pilot commissioners for 1882 were J. A. Brown, president, 
 Captniiis Nathan Ingersoll and J. H. D. Gray. R. H. Buddy was .secretary for the cuiumissioners. The Washington 
 Legislature abolished pilotage fees, and the Victoria pilots reaped a rich harvest taking vessels to Port Townsend 
 ,it double the rate allowed the American pilots before the law was repealed. Nearly a dozen large sailing vessels 
 were added to the coasting fleet in 1882. The most prominent of these were the barkentines C. C. J'uiik, 512 tons, 
 built at Marshfield, Tropic Bird, 330, constructed at North Bend for the island trade, and Makah, (M.y.}.^(i,Jolm Sntilli, 
 588. 411. the bark /hspcr, 664."^ tons, and the schooners Alcalde, 321.14 tons, and William licntoii, 447.26, all 
 launched by Hall Brothers at Port Blakely. The barkentine /. .1/. Griffith and the schooner .Imerican Boy were 
 com])leted at Scabeck, and the bark Nanaimo, 450 tons, the largest built in British Columbia, was launclied at 
 Naiiaimo, vSepteniber 3d, for C. I<. Carpenter. The I/cspcr, which was constructed for Capt. Cyrus Ryder," was 
 the scone of a murder and attempted mutiny a few years later, which for weird and ghastly details finds a parallel 
 only ill the romances of W. Clark Ru.s.sell. H. R. Reed also launched two fine .schooners at Marshfield, Or. The 
 lumber business, foreign and domestic, furnished employment for a big fleet on Puget Sound, and the Port 
 Blakely Mill frequently had over a dozen vessels loading there at one time. Tiie regular fleet belonging to the 
 mill company was composed as follows : ship Topgallant, Captain Reynolds ; Priisda, Wickberg ; Otago, Boyd ; 
 barks Maillia Ridcoul, Sears ; 
 
 /,/::/(■ Ma> shall, Bergman; 1^ 
 
 A'. A'. Ham, Gove ; sciiooner 
 Coiiisrr, Colby ; tug Blakely, 
 Libby. 
 
 Wrecks were few in 
 I 8 .S J compared with those 
 of the preceding year. The 
 British bark Corsica, Capt. 
 \V. H. Vessey, struck heavily 
 in crossing out of the Colum- 
 bia, I'eijruary 7ist, and foun- 
 dered soon afterward twelve 
 miles sou th west of Cape 
 Hancock. The Corsica was 
 wheat-laden for Oueenstown, 
 and was in charge of Pilot 
 Hansen, the tug .Astoria, 
 Captain McVicar, towing. A 
 \or\ heavy swell was run- 
 '■'■\^, 11. id she struck three 
 
 iiiiLs. (Iriwing nineteen feet 
 
 'V hrs. Captain Vessey's 
 
 ... . , » CorjriLLi: City Watkr FRONr 
 
 ■■ 1.- ; :id I ".by were sent back 
 
 . rt o- J .'1 the tug, while the T'cari^ is stood I)y uiiLil midnight, when the vessel was abandoned \vith ten feet of 
 water ', . tli" hold. ,Slie floated until 5:00 ,\. m. on the twenty-second and then went down. She was a wooden 
 vessel, limteen years old, of 77S tons, and was valued at S^o.oix) and her wlieat cargo at $46,838. The .\merican 
 bark Harvest Home, Capt. A. Matson, from ,San Francisco fur Port Townsend, stranded on the weather beach 
 about eight miles north of Cape Hancock. She had a light cargo and went on at nearly high tide during thick 
 weallier. The accident was caused by a defective chronometer, and the first intimation the man on watch had of 
 (laiiuer ViMS when he heard a rooster crowing in an adjoining l)arnyard. This wreck afforded a pleasing contrast 
 to many that happened in that locality, for when d^.y dawned all hands walked ashore without dampening their 
 feet. The frame of the vessel is still in exisl.iice, affording considerable interest to the thousands who summer 
 on the beach. The Harvest Home was owned by Preston iS: McKinnon of San Francisco and was insured for 
 Si4,'«ii). The American bark }falleville, 924 tons, Capt. E. F. Harlow, from .Shanghai for \'ictoria with a crew 
 ' ' ei.nlileen men, struck a ledge off the western entrance to Hesquiat harbor, on the west coast of X'ancouver 
 Island, about 9:45 r. M., October Kith, and broke up immediately, all on board losing their lives. Captain Harlow 
 
 ..;• ; .cnmpanied by his wife and three children, and their bodies came ashore, with tho.se of nine members of the 
 
 
 •«S/«^il». 
 
 nf 111 
 runti; 
 whir! 
 
 iiniili- 
 
 tlUMl 
 
 coal i.aile. 
 
 "Capl. Cyrus Ryilur was born in Massacliusetts ill 1S46. He l)cnaii Koinj; to sea wlien a boy and sailed to nearly every part 
 worlil. lie arrived at San I'Vancisco in 1S71 and lias Iieen on tile I'acifie Coast ever since. (Irst sailiii),' to IIoiiKl;onH and tlieii 
 !■.; in tlie eoasliiiK trade, lie siibseiincntiy liad the liark llispei built for the An.slraliaii traile and made seven \'oyanes, after 
 lie sold her. So far he had spent twenty-two vears K*>hij^ to sea, ami duri i^^ that iiiin. had been on three vessels only. In 
 :■■ took eoniinanil of the ship Kiiiiis /■'. H'lHul ami ran her dnrinn the winter. lie then took eharije of the bark CtiiiolltKii and 
 1 trip to .\laska with eoal, and piles for a wharf, .\fler his return he made another trip to Alaska oil ll' ? Kii/us /•.'. Il'ooif. lie 
 >ok the bark (ienern/ /uiircliild, ami in 1.S94 left her for I'l? ;!;:;i Elwell, rnnniiiK between San I'raneiseo and .N'anaiiuo in the 
 
 At 
 
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302 
 
 Lewis (f Drydens Marine History of tfte Pacific Nortt)west 
 
 crew. Father Brabrant, a well known frontier missionary, was informed of the wreck by the Indians and interred 
 the remains. He also found a clock which had washed ashore, and it had stopped at io:oo o'clock. Nothing 
 is definitely known of the particulars of the disaster, as the vessel had disappeared from view by the following 
 morning. The Malleville was built at Freeport, Me., in 1866, and had been for a long time in the Puget Sound 
 lumber trade. 
 
 Another well known lumber vessel, the bark Rainier, met her fate in January, 1882, in command of Capt. 
 John H. Wolf. She sailed from Port Townsend for Honolulu, December 31, 1881, and ran into a gale January 
 3d, which .started her to leaking badly. On the fifth, while all hands were at the pumps, the vessel was struck 
 by a heavy sea, which stove in the cabin, shifted the deck load and threw the craft on her beam ends. Captain 
 Wolf was thrown against the mizzen stay, fracturing his skull and breaking his back. He died half an 
 hour afterward. The masts were cut away, and the ship righted. The crew lashed themselves to the poop, where 
 they remained until the twenty-fourth, subsisting on five sacks of potatoes, one sack of flour and two galloii.s of 
 vinegar. On the morning of the twenty-second the brig Orient, Captain Williams, bound for the Umpqua, fell 
 in with the wreck in latitude 42° 40' north, longitude 126° 24' west. A heavy .sea prevented the rescue for two 
 days, but on the twenty-fourth they were taken on board the Orient and landed the following day. The British 
 bark Bulwark, from Yokohama for Puget Sound, foundered at sea, February 27th, about three hundred miles off the 
 Oregon coast. The ship sprang a leak soon after leaving Japan, and the master promised to put into Honolulu 
 but failed to do so, and she went c! :i H°for'^ she could reach her destination. Three of the crew reached Empire 
 City, and two were picked up and t,. .t elbourne by the British ship Blackwell, the remainder losing their 
 
 lives. Among other coasting vessels w .et with disaster was the American bark Roswell Sprague, 92,^ tons, 
 
 Capt. J. L. De Laney, which caught fire w , ..e leaving San Francisco, June 25th. She was towed back and the 
 wreck sold for $3,800. The Great IFestern, an old-time coal carrier, was burned at the wharf there a few 
 days prior to this. The bark Annie, Captain Sanbourg, from Port Blakely to Wellington, was wrecked at the 
 latter place January 12th. The steamer Chcltalis, one of Puget Sound's pioneer fleet, was caught in a gale near 
 Ten Mile Point, November 9th, while en route from Snohomish to Seattle, and blown stern on to the beach, where 
 she became a total wreck, her cargo being strewn along the beach for a distance of ten miles. The upper works of 
 the new steamer Yaquina were burned at Portland, May 25th, l)Ut were afterward rebuilt. 
 
 Marine men who passed away in 1882 were William H. Troup at Vancouver, April 8th, aged fifty-five 
 years ; Stephen Coffin, one of the owners of the pioneer steamship Gold Hunter, at Dayton, Or., March i6th, aged 
 seventy-three years ; Capt. Hugh McKay, a prominent sealing man of Victoria, at that place, June 14th ; Capt. 
 James Jones at Victoria, Augrst 20th, aged fifty-two years ; Capt. Horace Daniels at Vancouver, November 4th, 
 and Captain Metzger, a well knowti steam.ship master, at San Francisco, January 3d, aged fifty-five years. Capt. 
 William Bailey, of the tug J3i~, fell from Ye.sler's wharf at Seattle to the deck of his stea; er, November loth, and 
 was instantly killed. He was sixty years of age. 
 
 Whkck 01- STKAMSIIII' 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 
 The Canadian Pacific Navigation Company — Steamer " Yosemite " — J. U. Warren's Fleet- 
 Steamers " W. K. MERWIN " AND " W. F. MUNROE" — Nl'MEROUS ADDITIONS TO THE STEAM 
 
 Fleet on Puget Sound— Tug "Escort No. 2" — C(Eur d'Alene Transportation Company- 
 vSteamer "Emma Hume" Built at Astoria — Coal and Lumber Fleet for 1883— A Year of 
 Disasters — Fearful Loss of Life on Steamship " Grappler " — Burning of Steamship 
 "Mississippi" and Steamer "Gem" — Boiler Explosion on Steamer "Josephine"— Wreck of 
 Steamships "Victoria" and "Tacoma" — A Quartet of Vessels Wrecked in Royal Roads- 
 
 Loss of the " Ona," " C. L. Tay- ••' 
 "War Hawk" — Mysterious Fate of 
 Association — Arrival of Steamers ' 
 "Tklkphonk" — The Transfer Steamer ' 
 
 " " Revere," " Whistler," " Cairnsmoke " and 
 
 'HE "J. C. Cousins" — The Marine Engineers' 
 
 Alaskan " and " Olympian " — Captain Scott's 
 
 ' Tacoma"— Steamer "Coos Bay" — Tugs "Astoria" 
 
 AND "Favorite" — The "Eliza Anderson" Again Running Opposition on the Sound— The 
 
 People's Steam Navigation Company of Victoria— Steamers "Amelia" and "Teaser"— 
 
 Narrow Escape of the Steamship "Umatilla" — "Tillie Iv Starhuck," the First Iron Ship 
 
 Built in America — Wreck of the "Lizzie Marshall." 
 
 RITLSH COLUMBIA, the birthplace of the marine industry of the Northwest, was the 
 scene of remarkable activity in 1883, and steam and .sailing vessels appeared in greater 
 numbers than ever before. The approaching completion of the Canadian Pacific 
 Railway brought many foreign vessels with 
 iron cargoes, and the increa.sed output of 
 
 the mills furnished business for a numerous \ 
 
 fleet. The most important event in steam- 
 boat circles was the organization of the 
 Canadain Pacific Navigation Company, 
 limited. This corporation, which was the 
 
 iZ L_ culmination of Commodore John Irving's 
 
 efforts, was fully as powerful in its field as 
 
 the mighty Oregon Steam Navigation Company on the Columbia, and 
 
 no liifjlier proof is necessary of the genius of its principal organizer 
 
 than the fact that now, after a dozen years of uninterrupted success, he 
 
 is still in charge of its affairs. The articles of incorporation were filed 
 
 Jaini.iry 6, 1883. The company was capitalized for $500,000, divided 
 
 into 5,000 shares, with the following incorporators : John Irving, 
 
 steaiiiboat owner : R. P. Rithet, merchant ; William Spring, trader ; 
 
 I'. McOuade, ship chandler; M. W. T. Drake, barrister; William 
 
 Chalks and Alexander Munroe of the Hudson's Bay Compan\ Irving 
 
 was manager, and W. Charles, R. P. Rithet, Robert Dunsinuir and 
 
 .Uexander Munroe were the other directors. The company, which 
 
 vv.as a con.solidation of the interests of Irving's pioneer line and the 
 
 Hudson's Bay line, took charge of the steamers A'. /'. Rithcl, Priiuess 
 
 l.oidu-, William /rviitt;, U'fs/irii Slof>i\ Enterprise, Relianee, Otter, 
 
 MiuiJr and Gcrlnuie in March. This fleet was increased a few months 
 
 later liy the Yosemite, which Commodore Irving purchased in San Franci.sco from the Central Pacific Railroad 
 
 Com; any. 
 
 CoMMOiKiKK John Irvimi 
 
 
 'I 
 
 rilli 
 
 %'\ 
 
 ;;i- 
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 ■( 
 
 r 
 
 I . ■'- 
 
 "1 
 ■ 
 
 ; 1 
 
 
 Li: 
 
304 
 
 Lewis cj Drydbi'i's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 ■ 
 
 The Vasemitc was the handsomest as well as the fastest steamer which had yet appeared in Northwestern 
 waters. She was constructed for the Sacramento River tiade in the early sixties, and was the third lovv-picssure 
 boat built on the Coast, the /£/i:a AmiersoH and Cbrysopolis preceding her. She was constructed at tlic I'ntrero 
 l)y John G. North from designs by R. M. Je.ssup. Her boilers were defective, and in October, 1865, exiiloded 
 with fearful results, killing fifty-five people and .scalding and wounding many more. She was hauled out, a 
 thirty-five foot splice was put in her hull, and, after being equipped with steel boilers, again commenced running 
 on the Sacramento. In 1876 she was once more hauled out, and %M'\,<xk> were spent in fitting her with new 
 boilers and engines, .so that, when she went into the water, .she could easily reel ofl" seventeen miles an hour and 
 was as good as new. The decline of business on the Sacramento left her without a route, and she was laid \\\^ in 
 Oakland harbor four years, when she was sold to Irving for about one-third the amount expended in repairing 
 her. She was taken to Victoria by Charles Thorn, captain, Roderick Maclver,' chief engineer, and Peter 
 Cunningham,' first assistant, and was used between Victoria and New Westminster, continuing there until the 
 present time, except at intervals when she ran on the Vancouver route. Urquhart, Irving, Rudlin, Troup, 
 McCuUoch, Jagers, and other well known masters, have commanded her. Her dimensions are : length, two 
 hundred and eighty-two feet three inches : beam, eighty feet overall; hull, thirty-four feet nine inches ; hoUl, 
 thirteen feet six inches ; wheels, thirty-two feet in diameter and ten feet wide ; engines, fifty-.seven by one 
 hundred and thirty-two inches. The later career of the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company will receive 
 detailed mention in subsequent chapters. Irving has remained in charge since its inception, and for the past ten 
 years George A. Carleton' has held the position of general passenger and freight agent. The coni|)any 
 commenced operations on the northern route in 1S83 and have built up a fine trade on the Coast as far north as 
 
 Ala,ska. The old lleet has 
 l)een succeeded by elegant 
 modern steamers and steam- 
 ships, and the company has 
 become one of the most power- 
 ful on the Pacific Coast. 
 
 Capt. J. D. Warren, 
 who had been trading along 
 the northern coast since the 
 early sixties, reinforced his 
 fleet of steam .schooners with 
 the [iarbara Itosanvil:, built 
 at \'ictoria, March 31st. She 
 was a stanch vessel, one hun- 
 dred and twenty feet long, 
 twenty-two feet beam, and ten 
 feet hold, with engines nine 
 and one-half and eighteen 
 inches by eighteen inches, 
 and, in command of her owner, commenced running on the northern route soon after completion, remaining in 
 continuous .service to the present time. Warren was succeeded in iScS^ by Captain Jagers, and since iSSivthe 
 steamer has been in charge of Captain Williams except at brief intervals. Benjamin Madigan has been chief 
 engineer for many years. Capt. J. D. Warren, who was a.ssociated with J. Hoscowitz, operated quite a licet in 
 1883, including the steam schooiiers Graa\ Dolphin, .hiiiic Ihrk and Thornton. He was also interested in the 
 
 ' Roderick Maelver, engineer, born in Scotland in 1836, connuenced RoinK 'o sea when very youuK, in iSsi went to I'lui.iinii, 
 and while there met Jolin jl. Pre-ston, Oregon's first surveyor-general. That gentleman took a deep interest in young Miulver inil 
 induced liiui to accompany him to Oregon. Xtaclver started north on the steamship Coliiinbia, and after reaching the Noriliwe.st 
 was employed as a deckboy on the California and afterward on the Coliiinbia. He remained in the employ of the Pacific Miil for 
 many years, ri.sing to the position of chief engineer, and running north to the Columbia River and I'uget Sound on the t"c'//"«Wi( 
 and a number of other well known vessels. He went to Victoria from San l-'rancisco on the steamer }\tst'ini/r in 1SS3, and has 
 renuiined with her continuously since that time, except at brief intervals when he has been employed on other steamers dwiied 
 by the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company. 
 
 - Peter Cunningham, engineer, was horn in Ireland in 1810. He began his life on the water at New Orleans on in«lpoals, 
 and from there went to the Mississippi River, New York and the Lakes. In 1)^6$ he sailed to the Pacific Coast on the ol<l sti.iiiisliip 
 Co/oiaJo, and afterward ran on the steamship Sieiiii A'evada, between San I'rancisco and Portlaiul. He served on the slc:ini^lii]is 
 (,'o/iUii City and Const ilu lion as water-tender, and also on the steamships Sanaiiienio, Opi'aba ami /'ari/if, and on the ^.l.l^le^ 
 .liiiflia on the Sacramento River. He held his first position as engineer on the steamer Elteii, running on .San I'rancisco I! iv, ami 
 was afterward employed on the Alice, Hope, Moiilney, Santa Cms, Seiialoi; d'yfisy, ^hieon and A/a/io. He was second ci;.:inter 
 on the i'oseiiiite when she was taken to Victoria, and was for a short time first assistant on the tug /i7-. He is at prcsciu "ii tlie 
 steamer .Itire IHancliard. 
 
 "George A. Carleton of the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company, Victoria, was born in Portsmouth, N. II., in 1842, caii^c from 
 New York to San prancisco in i,S68 by way of the Isthmus, and entered the employ of the California Steam Navigation Com; . my as 
 purser ami freight clerk on the steamers Amelia, Caf>ilal and C/iiyw/iolis, lie was afterward transferred to Stockton as ca>i ii ami 
 port stewanl, remaining in that position until the consolidation of the Sacramento River lines. He then ran as purser on llu' ■ amei 
 //(//((, and was shortly afterward appointed secretary of the new California .Steam Navigation Company, of which Capt. T. C. \ alker 
 was president. He remained in that service for several years, and was for two seascms engageil as purser and freight iVrk 011 
 the steamships S/ate of California, Ancon, Senator aiu\ C'eor^'-e 11^. Ehter. Shortly after the organization of the Canadian Pacific 
 Navigation Company, Mr. Carleton succeeded the late Robert J. liyers as general passenger and freight agent. 
 
 ^1 i:ami:k ' Vuhi..MH 
 
 m; 
 
British Columbia Transportation Companies, Unparalleled Number of Disasters 
 
 3"5 
 
 scaliiK schooners W. P. SavTcard and /hiiaiisa. The steamer Robert Dunsnihir yia>i launched at Victoria in 1883 
 
 and made her trial trip in Novemlier. As originally constructed she was a sidewheeler one hundred and 
 
 thirtioii feet long, twenty feet beam, and seven feet hold, with engines from the steamer .tdn. In 1S88 she was 
 
 overhauled and rebuilt as a propeller. Her first work was between Nanainio, Westminster and Comox, carrying 
 
 mail, passengers and freight. She was commanded for many years by 
 Capt. William Rogers, ' at present one of her owners. 
 
 The small steamer Lottie was built at Cypress Island and placed 
 in the jobbing trade out of Victoria. Sf>rnll's Ark, an immen.se steam 
 scow built at Victoria at a cost of $75,00", made her first trip June 16th, 
 and with a crew of sixty men started for the west coa.st to engage in 
 the cannery business. Further mention of this leviathan, which proved 
 (juite expensive, will be found later on. The small steam yacht Oyilo 
 was built at Nauaimo for local use, the steamer Sir James Doiifrlas was 
 lengthened twenty feet and launched in January, and the steamer 
 Western Slope, with which Capt. William Meyers made the initial trip 
 abimt four years before, was sold at auction, John Irving purchasing 
 her. The charter of the steamship I/ylton Castle, which Dunsmuir had 
 been operating in the coal trade, expired in 1883, and .she returned to 
 Ivtigland. Her place was .supplied by the steamship Welliiig/oit, which 
 arrived at \'ictoria, June 7th, sixty-eight days from England. In 
 charge of Captain Young, who brought her out, the IP'ellijitrtoH was 
 immediately put in the coal trade, in which she has since continued. 
 Her first master was succeeded by Captains Whitworth and Jordan, and 
 for the past six years she has been in command of Capt. Colin 
 Salmond,' with Robert Richard.son,* engineer. In 1891 she met with 
 two serious accidents at .sea and narrowly escaped destruction (.see 
 steamship ll'elliiigton, i8i)i). 
 
 The steamships ruiniing to Victoria in 188,^ were the Dakota, 
 
 Captain Mor.se; George W. Rider, Captain Hay ward ; Idaho, Captain Carroll; liiireka. Captain Hunter; A/exieo, 
 
 Captain Huntington ; Umatilla, Captain Worth ; Vielni-ci, Captain Reichmann ; IVilmiiiirton, Captains Ross and 
 
 lilackburu, the latter taking her to Whatcom in October, which port 
 
 she was the first steamship to enter since 1858. In the coal trade 
 
 were the steamships Walla Walla, Mississippi, Empire and Barnard 
 
 Cas/lr. The steamship Bonita, Captain I.eland, made a .special trip 
 
 north with gear for raising the liiireka (f.ittle California), which had 
 
 slriick on Wyanda Rock in Peril Straits, April 26th, while going 
 
 tlirough at the rate of sixteen miles an hour in charge of Captain 
 
 Iliiiiler. The steamer was raised with but little diflTiculty and reached 
 
 N'icloria, June 20th. The steamship Taeoiiia, Kortz, captain ; Wilson, 
 
 chief engineer; and J. K. Grant, first assistant, arrived at Seattle on 
 
 Cait. wilmam Mf.vkhs 
 
 'Capt. William RoKers of New Westniinstur, n. C, was bom in JIaiiie in 
 iSvi. .\ftur sailing out of .Xtlantic ports for several years, lie .irrived in California 
 as seconil mate on a Boston clipi)er in iSjv He was eHKa^ed for several years in 
 stcanitioating on the Sacramento River on tlic (JiteiH Cily, /■'clif'Se, .Intelofie anil 
 Onv.,ii/io/is. On his first visit to the north lie went to Ksi|nimalt on the schooner 
 l.iiiy I.. Hale. lie left therf shortly afterward, hut aj;ain returned to Ilritish 
 Columhia waters, where he has since been engaged as niiister of the steamers 
 .'All,' ;■/(•, .Ida, Robert Ihinsmiiir, ll'estcin Slope, yliiietia ciul the City 0/ 
 .Wiiiiiiiiio, commanding the latter at the present time. He owns oue-tliinl of 
 the Robert Dittismittr and is also manager and a large stockholder in the Main- 
 lanil ,S; Nanainio .Steam Navigation Company. 
 
 'Capt. Colin Salmond was horn in Scotland and commenced a successful 
 iMiiriiie career in 1870. running in the China trade out of Hnglish ports. After 
 sailiiin for several years in various parts of the world, he entered the steani- 
 sliip sirvice with the White Star line, with whom he remained for several years, 
 llie list four of which he was first olVicer <ni their well known liners. In 
 iSSs lie took coniinand of the steamship Costa Ix'ieo, engaged in the coal trade 
 Itetwt'fii Puget Sonnil, Departure Hay ami San I'rancisco, also making several 
 trips to I'anama. lie handled the Losta Kira for two years and was then trans- 
 ferri'.l to 'he steiinishi)) H'ettiiif;loii, in the coal trade, which he has commandeil for the past six years, during which time he has nici 
 Willi two narrow escapes from destruction. In 1892 the .steamship lost her propeller and drifted around four days before she was 
 resciu-d and towed into San I'rancisco Bay by the ^fontserrat. .Six months later she broke a shaft when about one huinlred miles 
 souUi of the Columbia River, and, after being picked up and towed by the Norwegian steamer lUarie for twenty-one hours, was 
 abiiiiiUmed in a terrific gale, but four days later was towed to Victoria by the .Son Pedro. In both of these thrilling exjieriences 
 CaiUiin Salmond proved himself a master in every sense of the wonl, and his thorough knowledge of seamanship had much to do 
 with the preservation of the vessel. 
 
 * Robert Richardson, engineer, was born in 184.1 and began sailing out of blnropean ports on steamships in the Mediterranean 
 anil to the Orient. He came to San Francisco in 1875 with the steamship Oeeanie and has since been miming on steamers on the 
 I'aciin' Coast, spending his firsi years in the China trade and the past eight as chief engineer of the IVettiiigtoii from Nauaimo. 
 
 Cait. Ciii.iN Sai.mono 
 
 J I 
 
 ^;- 
 
 k 
 
 
 I 
 
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 iM 
 
m 
 
 m 
 
 306 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pucific Northwest 
 
 licr first trii) January J2d. Tlie Hritish tramp steamers C". '/'. //ooA\ Ctenclg ami Madras arrived at Victoria from 
 China. The (icoixc I'.. Starr alternated with the North Paci/ir, which was the regular mail boat to the Suuiul, 
 and was relieved for a few trips l)y the propeller ('Vfisy, an old Pacific Mail tug which the Pacific Coast Steamship 
 Company had purchased a few years before and run coastwise from San Francisco to Rogue River, Or., iiikI San 
 Diego, Cal. Nearly a score of small steamers were built on I'uget Sound in i88,v Among the more preteiilioits 
 was the W. A'. Afintiii, which was launched March i.sth and sold .shortly afterward to the Washington Stfainlioal 
 
 Company, in whcse .service she was commanded by Captains \V. K. MiTwin 
 and Clarence W. Sinclair." The .steamer was one hundred and einlit fcti 
 long, twenty-two feet lieam, and four feet two inches hold. She reniaiiieil 
 in the posse.ssion of that company and its succes,sors until a short time ago. 
 when she was laid up at vSnohomi.sh. The //'. /■'. A/iinrof, which was about 
 the same si/.e as the Afenciii, made her trial trip November loth in coiiiiiiaiul 
 of Captain Brownfield, and has been actively employed since that time. 
 Among those last in charge were Capt. George Hen.son and Ivngineer (luorge 
 G. Swan. The Hob /rx'iiit-. a large, flat-bottomed, sternwheel steamer, was 
 built at Tacoma, making her first trip Octol)er ist. She was owned l)jr 
 Captains George Roberts, Thomas Grant, and two or three other well known 
 steamboatmen. Roberts commanded her for a short time, and in 18.S4 she 
 was sold to T. R. Hrown of Tacoma. She finally passed into the hands of 
 Capt. Hiram Olney, and while in his charge exploded her boiler April i, iS8,s, 
 with fearful results (see wreck of Hob /niiix, 18.S8). 
 
 The Shigit, a square-built sternwheeler constructed by the Government 
 for a snagboat, made her trial trip November 3d. Ivugene H. Jefferson,' in 
 whose charge she still remains, was her first master, with Charles Jennings, 
 engineer. The sternwheeler (i/ide, length eighty feet five inches, heani 
 nineteen feet, depth of hold four feet, was launched at Seattle in May for 
 George \V. Gove. She is still in operation and is now owned by J. F. Vanderhoof" and P. J. Jorgensen. 
 The tug Oiiceii City, length seventy feet, beam sixteen feet eight inches, depth of hold eight feet four inches, 
 was built at Seattle for Captain Scoland, who operated her until 1887 and then sold a half interest to Stet.son iS: 
 Post, in whose service .^lie still remains, with John Fussell as master. At Ivagle Harbor Captain Hornbeck !niilt 
 the steamers /iec and iieneva, the, former for Capt. A. O. Henjatnin," who afterward disposed of her to \. V. 
 Spaulding. She was used on Lake Wa.shington for about three years, and burned in 1889, her machinery Koinj,' 
 into the new /See, which met a similar fate two years later. She was forty-.six feet long, ten feet beam, and four 
 and one-half feet hold. The steamer W'illif was completed at Seattle for the Nootsack and Samish River trade 
 by Capt. \V. H. ICllis. She was sixty-seven feet long, fifteen feet beam, and four and one-half feet hold, and for 
 the past few years has been running out of Olympia in command of Capt. E. Gustafson, with George W. lielloir. 
 engineer. The steamer Brick, a diminutive sternwheeler about forty feet long, was constructed at Seattle and is 
 still in commission, at present owned and run by Capt. J. W. Tarte. 
 
 Capt. Klbridge Coding '" and H. \,. Theron in May made a trial trip with their new steamer Liiry, which 
 they operated until 18S6 and then sold to the Treadwell Mining Company of Alaska. The Lucy was fifty-two 
 
 Cvi'T. Ci..\Kf:NcK w. Sinclair 
 
 'Capl, Clarence W. Sinclair is a native of Port Madison and commenced steamboating on lliey. A'. /./Wr witli his uncle, 
 Capt Charles Low, in 18.S1. lie »as afterward engaged as fireman and watchman on the steamers ^V<V/;c, /laisy. I'/innlom and 
 /('. /•'. Miiinih', and served as mate on the Ditisy, A/esxeiiffcr, Ufay Queen and Nellie, running for a short time as jiilol on llie 
 (lOvernment snagboat. His first command was the steamer Cily of (Jiihiey, on which he hail previously served as male. Hi' was 
 master of the (Jiiiney and Mei-win at intervals for five years and was for a short time in charge of the steamer Itlalio, retiring from 
 the water in the fall of 1S93 and engaging in husiness at Snohomish, where he now resides. 
 
 'Capt. Ivugene II, Jefferson of Seattle, Wash., was horn in Pelaware in 1845 and has been engageil in the marine Imsines.* 
 for thirty vears, most of the time on the Atlantic Coast and Great Lakes. He came to I'uget Sound in 1.SS4 and took connnaiiil of 
 the United States snaglioat Slmgit, where he has since remained, making occasional trips to Ciray's Harbor and other ]i(iiuls iu 
 connection with Government work for the improvement of navigation. 
 
 'Capt. J. I'". Vanderhoof was born in New York in 1830, and in 1850 was master of a tug running out of Chicago. He ran on 
 the Great Lakes and on the Saginaw, Mississippi and Illinois rivers for many years, and came to Pnget Sound in 1885. 
 
 "Capt. A. O. Beiijannn was born iu New York in 1845 and has been connected with the marine bu.siness at intervals lorllie 
 past thirty years. His lirst work of this nature on the Sonnd was as master of the steamer Evangel, and on leaving her \w look 
 command of the I'lianloin. He has since owueil and operated the steamers Itee, Tressie May, Hustler, S. I.. Masliek, (Hfsy I'lieeii, 
 Fenulale, Moggie II. Yaiio, Portland, .Maude and Fotsa/ten, and the schooner )\iiiiiietl Felilz. He has also been interested in Ihi' 
 operation of the steamers Colby, Kip Van ll'iiiile, E. II'. I'urdy ami Fanny Laltc, the schooner Jraee ami other sailin,t; vissels. 
 Captain Renjaniin has been engaged on the Soimd for a comparatively short period, but has been interested in a larger Iket of 
 steauiers than any other individual operating iu that vicinity during that time. In addition to his steamboat business he h.is made 
 a specialty of diving and wrecking. I'urther mention of his career on the Sound will be found iu connection with the dilferent 
 steauiers with which he has been identified. 
 
 '"Capt. Klbridge Goding was born in Maine in 1834 and came to Puget Sound in 1876, after .spending many yiars on 
 deep-water vessels in various parts of the world. His first work on the Sound was as mate on the steamer /.epliyr. He was 
 afterward master of the steamers S'ellie, l^ip Van H'in/ile and James Morlie. In 1883 be constructed the steamer /,«0'..wl'ii'li l>f 
 ran for about three years, then selling hei to the Treadwell Mining Company of Alaska. lie next built the steamer Raini. 1, and, 
 after disposing of her, was master of the steamers yoic/>/f/«c, I'lianloin, Success, Augusta, Michigan, Mystic, Violet, Volgii. Oiieen 
 Cily and Grace. 
 
 m 
 
m 
 
 <•/, l'o(i:<i tjiiirii 
 
 British Columbia 1 ranaportation Companies, Unparalleled Number of Disasters 
 
 3"7 
 
 feet Umg, twelve feet beam, and four feet hold. The lug /V7//V, length fifty feet, beam fourteen feet, and depth 
 seviMi feet, was launched at .Seattle, July Jist, I )y J. K. T. Mitchell for Captain Salisbury. She was afterward 
 sent to Gray's Harbor, where she is at present running in coniniand of Capt. J. H. Kirkaldie." Capt. Simon 
 Raiiliilph '■' built the /;"(////; A', and gave her a place in I'liget Sound local history as the first steamer to go above 
 Fall> City on the Snoiiualmie River, his son, Capt. T. B. Randolph," being interested with him. Other small 
 stenniers built on the Sound in i8.S,i were the Swan at Tacoina, .hiv;,' at Olynipia, S(/ii(ik at Houghton, Minnie 
 MilUr at Lincoln, /'(>/■/ Siiisiiii and /.onr /'is/irnmiii at Seattle, the latter running on the Hood's Canal route. 
 OtluT additions made to the lleet were the (Jnidslrf), which was brought from the Columbia in July in coMnnan<l 
 of Capt. Thomas Doig, and the launclies //yuc, I.iiUi and i'i>dciwtittr from San I'rancisco. The latter was 
 afterward sunk by the Itritish bark I.aloua at Port Townscnd, while in charge of her owner, Capt. J. W. McAUep. 
 The schooner Planlii- was ecpiipped with machinery and ran on the upper Skagit River. The h'.li:a . hii/<>si>n, 
 after a long period of rest, went into .service again in October on the New Westminster route, with Tom Wright, 
 captain, IC W. Holmes, first officer, and O. O. Denny, engineer. The CJ7v/,v Walker also emerged from a five 
 years' retirement, in command of W. Iv Baker.'' The Washington Steamboat Company was operating the 
 .steamers W'ashini^lon, Captain Jackson ; City of Oiiiiiry, Captain Benson ; /('. A'. .JAv.-iv'//, Captain Mcrwin ; and 
 PaiiV, Captain Bailey. Capt. H. F. Beeclier secured the Port Townscnd and Bellingham Bay mail route and 
 before obtaining a suitable steamer was obliged to charter the AV- at the rate of one hundred dollars per day. 
 He afterward acquired the Kviuii^el from CajUain Benjamin. Tlic (la:elle was sold in July to W. B. Scott & Co. 
 and the Hornet to lulvvard .Still.'' 
 
 A large number of small steamers came into existence on the Columbia River and in other portions 
 of Oregon and Washington in i,S8,v but none of the craft were of great importance. The l.ucea Mason. 
 a steriuvheeler one hundred and ten feet long, twenty feet beam, and four feet six inches hold, with engines eleven 
 l)y forty-eight inches, was launched at St. Helens by the Farmers' Transportation Company of Pekin, Wash., of 
 which Capt. Isaac Thomas was the leading spirit. The steamer continued on the Lewis River route for about 
 eight years, sinking occasionally but making a great deal of money for her owners. Thomas commanded 
 the greater portion of the time, and W. (5. Weir was also master for several years. The steamer Governor 
 Nci^rll was built at Portland for the Shoalwater Bay Transportation Company, and, in charge of James P. 
 Whitcomb,'" made her trial trip August Jdtli. She was one hundred and eleven feet long, twenty feet beam, 
 and five feet hold, with engines twelve by forty-eight inches. She ran but little on the route for which she was 
 intended and in 1H85 returned to the Columbia, Capt. Charles Haskell 
 ruiuiing her for a short time. She was pnrcha.sed by J. C. Trnllinger 
 in 1SS7. and Capt. P. A. Trnllinger operated her for a short time on 
 the Westporl route from Astoria. She was sold to Capt. Charles O. 
 Hill ill i.S8y and has since been bandied by Capt. Minnie Hill. n 
 
 "Capt. J. II. Kirkalilif of llo(|uiaiM, Wasli., was liorn in Illinois in iS6o. 
 His lirsl marine experience was t)n Uie pioneer steamer /'////( ' t)n Cray's Harbor, 
 of wliiili lie was ninna^ n^ owner and niHsler for seven years. lie sold liis interest 
 ill the steamer in 1.S91, reniaineil in eoininanil for anotber year, and tbeii engaged 
 ill faniiiiii;, making occasional trips since tlial time. 
 
 '•'Capt. .Simon Randolph was horn in Illinois and has bail over a (piarter 
 of a century of experience on Northwestern waters, lie was jjiven command of 
 the /-'iitiuir as soon as she was completed at Tort Itlakely in 1S6(), and was after- 
 ttaril in cliarne of many of the pioneer lioals on the .Sound. In 186S he assisted 
 Cant. Cvrns Smith in bringiii}.; the steamer i^ewi^tou o\-er the Cascades, and after 
 jimn^ to the Sound was one of the first men to take a boat up to the lieaihvaters 
 of the White and lilaek rivers. He also ran for a long time on I,ake Washington. 
 
 '■'Capt. T. H. Kandolpb, master an<l engineer, of Seattle, Wash , was hctrn 
 ill Colorado ill 1S60. His tirst work was on the steamer Lillie as engineer in 
 18S1. He was afterward in the same capacity on the luiith l\. and as master tm 
 the Edith, in the ownership of hoth of which he was interested with his lather. 
 He was also engaged on tlie steamer i '/iiiii, the lirsl <m Lake I'nion, and on the 
 steamer Ftt/niie, the pioneer on I, like Wasbingttm. He is a son of Capt. S. It. 
 Kaiiilttlph, the pioneer luuigator of Lake Washington, and is at present engaged 
 on the steamer Maiuie. 
 
 'Capt. W. I'). Itaker of Port Oaiiible, Wash., was born in Maine in iSj.S 
 and in earlv \'cars was sailing out of .\tlantic ports. Ilis first coniinand on I'ligel 
 Sonnd was the steamer Ci'l/ii.v. of which he took charge in iSS(, remaining witli 
 lier lor five years. He has since commanded the tugs Cynis Walkey and )'iikiina. 
 anil lias been engaged as mate on the Jhiisv, lloliiili and others. 
 
 ''Hdwiii Still, engineer, of Seattle, Wash., was born in Kngland in 1.S5H and liegan steamboating on the l.iiiiiie on I'nget 
 Sonnd in 1879. He went from her to the tng lilakety, and lias since followed his calling on the tngs .SV'ifWc, lloriul. ijuickilep. 
 \\iU,\ U'as/> and Hi:. 
 
 "Capt. James I". Whitcomb was horn in Ohio in December, i.S4i, and crossed the plains in a prairie-schooner with bis 
 parents in 1847. He is the eldest of a well known family of steanihoat captains and was tiinght the rudiments of the Imsiness by his 
 father, who removed from Milwaukie, Or., to Willapa Bay in the fifties. Tiie yonng man was engaged for several years on small 
 steamers riiniiiiig on the lower Columbia and .Shitalwater H.ay ami also ran as mate and master on towboats owned by Ordway, also 
 working occasionally for the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, from 1.SS6 to 1.S8S he had command of the (,'eiieiol Custer 
 on Slioahvater Bay, and was for a long time master of the Utountaift /tttik, rnnning on the Nasel River and Shoalwater Bay, and on 
 lea\ Mg there engaged in the fishery business at Ihvaco, occasionally taking command of small steamers plying around Astoria ami 
 the mouth of the Columbia. 
 
 CAIT. a. O. Hl.NIAMlN 
 
 !♦ 
 
 vm I 
 
 
 i !?» ■ 
 
 
 !li 
 
 I .' 
 
30.S 
 
 /.eiv/s (f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 The steamer Tom Morris, a li.'iiulsome little propeller, was constructed at Rainier l>y Capt. B. F. SUvciis" 
 and subsequciitly purchased by W. K. Warren.'" In 1S87 she was taken to the Sound, returning n few iiiuntlis 
 later, and in 18.SH was sent to Shoalwater Bay, where she was handled by Capt. Kred Whitcomb and IviiKineir 
 Will Hall, Slie was condemned by the inspectors in 1890 and on beinj; rebuilt was named La Cniiins, 
 The steamer flaj' Center was completed at Montesano in 1883, and the propeller (ileanerai Gray's River by Capt. 
 Peter Jordan,'' who operated her for five years, when she capsized olT Tongue Point, drowning several passengers. 
 At Chinook, Wash., Herbert Petit built the flfoiinlaiiieer, which was afterward sold to John A. Devlin. .Slie 
 was .sent to the Sound a few years ago, being handled by Capt. \V. H. Ellis'" and Ivnginecr Charles W. I.ihliy, ' 
 and is still in operation. She was handled on the Coluinliia by Herbert Petit, G. R. Habl)idge and ]■;. J, 
 Moody. Petit also had charge of her engines. The Mountaineer is sixty-nine feet long, sixteen feet beam, ,iiul 
 six feet hold. The propeller ./. li. Field was constructed at Astoria for Badolett & Co., and was for several years 
 in the coasting trade between Tillamook, Slioalwattr Bay and Gray's Harbor. S. R. Babbidge w.xs her 
 first master and was succeeded by M. P. Johanson, John Gabrielson and George Bell. She was rebuilt and 
 enlarged in 1S88, and ran to Tillamook for a luunber of years, most of the time in command of Captain liell. 
 Capt. Lewis G. Haaven '' built the small propeller Maria G. Haaven at Astoria, whereshe was operated until i.SSy 
 and then sent to Alaska. Haaven also completed the steamer Relie, and Capt. William Rehfield set the CoyoU 
 
 afloat at Knappton. The Sellwood Real Estate Company launched the 
 CV/i' o/\SV//?('(wrf at Portland. She was a very fast propeller seveiitytwo 
 feet long, sixteen feet beam, and five feet hold, with a pair of ten liy 
 twelve inch engines, and threw a bigger swell than an ocean steamship, 
 She ran between Portland and Sellwood in charge of Capt. Charles 
 Yarneberg, who was succeeded in 1886 by Capt. J. N. Fisher. In 
 1889 the steamer was purchased by John A. Devlin, who renamed her 
 the City of Astoria, and Captain Babbidge operated her between 
 Westport and Astoria. She was afterward sold to Shoalwater Hay 
 parties and is still running out of South Bend. 
 
 Capt. Stephen B. Ives, an ardent admirer of "Eloquent Boh, " 
 launched a handsome steam schooner at Portland under the name of 
 Robert G. Ingersoll, but becoming financially invol\-ed before her com- 
 pletion was obliged to part with her, and her new owners rechristened 
 her Tressa May. She was sent to Yacpiina and in 188(1 was purchased 
 by James T. Chatterton," who operated her for several years. She wa.s 
 the first steamer on the Pacific Coa.st equipped with a Westinghonse 
 engine. The propeller ( 'nion was built at Ea.st Portland by fi. .^orciison 
 for a party of Gray's River farmers, making her trial trip November 2d. 
 Capt. W. P. Dillon and Job Eamley operated her on the lower river 
 for a few years, and she was finally sent to Alaska. Capt. OeorKe 
 W. Taylor, who had been interested in steamboating for a quarter of a century, replaced the ancient Commo<loie 
 Perry with the propeller Oswego, which was handled by his son W. W. Taylor, also by Ernest Loll, 
 
 ClIARI-KS W. IvIHIlY 
 
 "Capt. B. 1-". Stevens has been engaged in the marine bnsincss for over twenty years. He is a hrotlier of the well known 
 steamship pilot, Irving Stevens, who died at Astoria in 1885. Captain Stevens was among the first in command of the stiiinitr 
 K'atata and since her appearance has had charge of nearly every small steamer rnnning out of the Hay City, 
 
 '"Capt. W. K. Warren was horn in Astoria, Or., in I.S6,^, and has been engaged in steamboating at intu.vals for nearly liflctii 
 years. He was master and owner of the steamers Tom Afoiiis and /•'iworite for several years, and on ilisjiosing of the latter vessel 
 was master of the Piliilaii for a short time. He has also had commaml of a number of other small steamers around Astoria, ami 
 while not engaged in steamboating sells real estate, of which he is a large holder in Astoria. 
 
 "Capt. Peter Jordan was born in Ohio in 1857. His first marine work was as engineer, in which capacity he engaged nn tlii' 
 steamer A'osetta at Astoria in 1S82, remaining with her for two years. He then went to .Shoalwater Hay. where he sailed im llic 
 steamers South />'e 11 tf anil (,'arjietil. On his return to the Columbia he purchased the steamer Oleaiier, which he operated until she 
 met with a terrible fate olT Tongue I'oiut, January 2,S, i8SS. He was afterward engineer on the steamer H'e/iona for three years, 
 and in 1S91 look connuaud of the new steamer Queen, where he still remains. 
 
 ""Capt. W. H. KUis of Seattle, Wash., has been in the marine business on the I'acific Coast since 187,8 and is iutercteil in 
 several steamers 011 I'nget Sound. His last vessel was the /K //, /i/tis, which burned about two years ago, 
 
 ^' Charles W. I,ibby, the well known Puget Sound engineer, commence<l his marine career in the Northwest, rumiiii|^ onl 
 of San praneisco in i.SSo, and after leaving the .steamship .service was engaged on a number of the best known .steamers mi llic 
 inland sea. He has always met with excellent success, and has a thorough practical knowledge of all of the <letails of his prolVssioii, 
 Wlien not on the water Mr. I.ibby resides ill Seattle, Wash. 
 
 "Capt. Lewis G. Haaven, born in Norway in 1846, began sailing out of San Prancisco in 1S76 on the schooner I'.onllfl, 
 remaining there and on bay scliooners for two years. He wentto Astoria in 1,878. His first steamboat venture was the /i'(//( , ami iifler 
 this he built the steamers Maria G. Haaven, Annie and Frolit, rnuning them for about six years. He took the Haaven tt> Alaska 
 in 1888 for a cannery company to which she had been sold, and the following year had commanil of the Alaska steamer .W'velty. 
 He also ran the //aaven for a year in Alaska waters and was with the steamer Polar Hear, running to Bristol Bay, for one simsoii. 
 
 "Capt. James T. Chatterton of Newport, Or., was born in New York in 1,851, and, after spending a few years at sea, arrived 011 
 the Columbia in 186S and entered the employ of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, remaining with Ihei'ii and their smu-ssors, 
 the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, as mate, pilot and master for thirteen years. He then took the steam sclioouei /iMS/i' 
 May from Portland 011 a sea-otter-hunting expedition for a few months, and on returning ran as pilot for a short time on the Kilaiiia 
 ferry-boat, afterward taking charge of the pontoons at Kalaina for a period of sixteen months. He left there to go to Vacpn:,;! Bay, 
 where he took command of the Tressie May, which he ran on the bay until 1888, when he built the steamer T. M. A'ietianf- ', wltli 
 which he has since been engaged in ferrying and towing. 
 
il is iiiteiL'slcil ill 
 
 British Columbia Tnnsportation Companies, Unparalleled Number of Disasters 
 
 309 
 
 Cait. I H. Sanihihn 
 
 Freil O. Lewis and other masters, and is still in service. The ])ropeller Soisii/e, the first steamer to cross the 
 
 Case iile Monntains, was launched at Portland in 1885 for William Miller. She was en^aned on the Willamette 
 
 until 1887 and was then taken to the upper Columbia by rail, and afterward by the same method over the Cascade 
 
 Muiiiituins to the .Sound. George W. Adams ' was first in command. Capt. A. M. Simpson added the tug 
 
 Hunter and the steamship lleda to his extensive lleet in 188.V both of 
 which were built at Coos Hay. The Uuiiler was ninety-five feet long, 
 twenty-one feet .seven inches beam, and ten feet four inches hold, 
 with engines fifteen and thirty by eighteen inches. Capt. James 
 Magee was master while she was engaged on Coos Hay, and on going 
 to Slioalwater Hay she was in charge of Capt. Al Stream. The lUda 
 was about three hundred tons burden and was operated until 1H86, at 
 which time she was lost (see wreck of liidt} ). The steamer Mink 
 was con.structed at Marshfield for A. F. Hurd, who intended her for 
 the .Siuslaw River. Her owner ran as master until 18S5, when he 
 was succeeded by Clifton Campbell'' and A. J. N. Campbell,'" who 
 handled her until 1890, when Hurd again took her. operating her up 
 to the present time. The Cnmpl)ells al.so built a steamer which they 
 christened the Count. She was launched at Aumsville, C. Campl)ell 
 acting as captain until 1885, when he was relieved by Daniel Roberts. 
 The steamer was reconstructed in 1890 and has since been in com- 
 mand of Mauley Roberts." On Va(|uilia Hay, Capt. I<. Iv Davis built 
 the steamer Kebeaa C, which he is still operating, and R. A. Hen.sell' 
 launched the Mary //all, a small propeller, for jobbing around the 
 bay. Other steam craft set afloat were the ferry-boats I.i::ii- Linn at 
 Wallula for E. A. Linn, Albiiia No. J and Daisy Andms at Portland, 
 •Tud the .scow P. W. //'. for the Portland Water Company. Capt. 
 George J. Ainsworth placed the small teak propeller .Uplia on the 
 
 upper Columbia, Captain Pingston making a few trips up the river with her pending the completion of the A'ootniai. 
 The CiLur d'Alene Transportation Company was organized December i6th by James Lotan, Z.J. Hatch, 
 
 M. \V. Henderson and I. B. Sanborn for the purpose of operating 
 
 steamers on Lake Cicur d'Alene and its tributaries. The Oregon ' ' '•• ' 
 
 Steam Navigation Company inaugurated a daily round-trip service 
 
 on the Astoria route with the steamer U'idr U'l'st, hoping to secure ' 
 
 some of the rich harvest which the Flirlwood was enjoying on 
 
 account of her fast time schedule. The river business of the Oregon 
 
 Raihv.iy & Navigation Company for the year ending December ,^d 
 
 amoimted to 111,010,145. During the same period the earnings on 
 
 the Piiget Sound Division were $245,449, Ocean Division $980,036, 
 
 Railroad Division $2,810,402. The most pretentious ve.ssel built on 
 
 the Columbia in 188;, was the steamer limiiia Hume, launched at 
 
 .\storia, November 22d, for the coasting trade. She cut but little 
 
 figure in this traffic under her original name and in February, 1885, 
 
 was lengthened, rechristened the . llliaucr and sent north on a 
 
 whaling expedition in connection with the Northern Light. She 
 
 "L'a|it C.eornc W. .Ailains was horn in Virj;iiiia i" 1S57 ami lif^aii Koinj; 
 tosfa wlieii a Imy 011 the sliip Isaac Jeain. lie arriveil at San I'raiioisoo in 1875 
 auil connnenced rnnninj,' on the sleanishij) Oeizaha to San Dicno, leaving her to 
 ta to I'ujret Sonnd, where lie ran on the steamer .llida. On reaihinK tlic 
 Cohniiliia he served as tinistcr of various steamers out of Portland and Astoria, 
 lie lia.l eharne of the (n'orge //. C/iaine on .several deep-sea lishinK expeditions, 
 and Ills since run out of Portland on ooastinK steamers. 
 
 'Capt. Clifton Campbell of Marshfield, Or., master anil eUKineer of the 
 steaiutr Fa:cii. has heeu steamboaling on Coos Hav since 1S76. lie is a son of 
 L'apt. \. J, N. Campbell. 
 
 "Capt. .A. J. N. Campbell of Marshfield, Or., ma.ster and engineer, was 
 Ijiira ill New York in 1S15 and serveil for a ureal many years as machinist and engineer in the Ivasl. lie moved to Coos Hay in 
 ^^1^ iiid the foUowiuK year linilt the Jiiiio. with w'lilch his son Clifton served as master and engineer. .After operating the 
 slfaiiH r lor .seven or eight years he sold her to N. J. Cornwall, and in 1SS4 constrnclnl the steamer ( "<)i>.(, ran her for a short time 
 ami llKii solil her to II. Dunham. He also rebuilt the steamer H'asf' and purchased the lleillia. In 1S91 he constructed the /'auii, 
 whicli he still owns. 
 
 ■■ Capt. Mauley Roberts, master and engineer, of Marshfield, Or., was born in Mis.souri in 1856. lie conimenceil his marine 
 scrvici- cMi the steamer .Itiiiie on Cocjuille River in iSSi, was afterward engineer on the steamer Kalie Cool;, and for fourteen mouths 
 serve! in that capacity and as master of the Comet. .At present he is engaged on the steamer lltatico. 
 
 'Capt. R. .\. Hen.sell of Newport, Or., was born in Wisconsin in 1S3S and commenced sleamboating on Va(|niua Hay ill 1S82 
 oil tin propeller Ma)Y Hall, which he ran for two years between Yaquiua'and Hlk City. In 1SS4 he took charge of the steamer 
 (.leZYi iiul. which he operated on the same route for five years and then sold out his interests and retired from the business. 
 
 CAI'T. JAMICS T. ClIATTIlHTd 
 
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 Lewis <J Drydon'a Marine History of the Paeiflg Northwest 
 
 w 
 
 remaiiietl in that occupation until iHHH, when she was purchasecl by the newly orKanizcii I'ortland vV Coast 
 Steamship Company, mai<inK her initial trip to Shoalwater Hay and Gray's Harbor, July 7lli. In April, is^y, 
 she sank near Postoflice Har in the VViilaincttc River in a collision with the steamer /hiimhi . She wns raised 
 and rejiaired on Sauvies Island and continued on her old run until i8ij2, when she was laid up. I<. A. IlaiK \ and 
 John Peterson were in charKc of her most of the time, and J. S. Kidd atul Moses Yocuin were her engineers. 'I'lic 
 .lllianre is one hundred and twenty-five feet long, twenty-seven feet beam, and twelve feet hold. 
 
 Lumber and coal supplie<l an innnense licet of sailiiiK vessels in the Northwest with cargoes in i,s«-,. In 
 the Nanaimo coal trade were the //itivt'strr, li(lvidtit\ lituc Jiukcl, Alaska, Jahe: /fours. 7uv Hivlhin. 
 Undaunted, I'luobald, liiillUm, Clirysolitc, Lady O'/lrien, /'iiii;!i'e>n, Jrrri's /•" Tlwfnf>son, l\m iVhliolas, A'lnre, 
 A'ic/iard III., Nanaimo and others. The latter ves.sel was built in Hritisli Columbia, and in comniaud of Captain 
 Dodd .sailed for San Francisco on her first voyage January Sth, with 7,^7 tons 1 ;' coal. The Burrard's Inlet Uiinbcr 
 fleet included the ships .•/«/< /o/c, (Uoamim; and l^iukc of Arnylc, harks li/donido, Corm/, l-.llen, Hifihtaiid Clai. 
 lubilee, JVifilion, Kainboic, C/iin-tr and li/i:abc//i llos/ff. Other vessels making occasional trips to the Day City 
 were the clipper U'ea/f/iy I'liidlelon, harks ll'i7/ia/n Tabor, l-.iioth I'albol, SuhUlma, TUiluind, CalUroii, I',//,, 
 Moravian, St. l.aurtmr, (irrniania, I'ori'sl Oiinn, Jean I'iirrc. Ihirid I'lnnif, .Innir A'tnip and .Ufnury, iIr- 
 latter an old-line packet ship with a record of twelve days and fifteen hours from New York to Havre. The 
 .schooner l.etitia loaded lumber at Burrard's Inlet and the W. H, Rcnton at Cowich.m for the Fiji Islam's. 
 Vessels arriving at Victoria with cargoes were; the Rover of t fie Seas, Captain Gaudin ; /«i/c (hboni. I.eliy; 
 (i rare Gibson, Libbet ; barks .I/Zk/vi, Cantache ; Cliasea. Prideaux ; Stormy I'etrel, Read; Prince Ruperl. Sliaw ; 
 
 Princess Royal, Barfield ; .Uai/ahm, 
 Hodge; Lady Head, Van Guard; 
 /. Sprott, Hodryddhan ; l.ee lloo. 
 Mutch. Among these arriving with 
 steel rails for the Canadian Pacific 
 Railway were the A'iii.i; Oohic. 
 k'ini; Ccdric, John Pe Cosia, An 
 Troop, Campbell, Rowland II 
 E. //. Morris from Cardiff am 
 port. A great many vessels came 
 there seeking, among them the ships 
 Invincible, Captain Strickland ; Gov- 
 ernor (loodvin, Leicester; .Mobel 
 Taylor, Stanley ; lultcin Reed, Cate ; 
 Slraiin, Cooper ; 7". R. I'osler. Rngg ; 
 Pacific Slope, Hardie ; barks Tiber. 
 Newby ; "' Nautilus, Smith ; I'liscil/a. 
 Young ; Montana, Nelson ; Miiutoni. 
 St. Clair; Granite State. Ross- JMi 
 .v. Thayer, Davis ; Intwerp. Smith ; 
 Professor Nordeiiskold, Jensen ; .///((■ 
 Cooper. F.mnia T. Croll. P.li~abeth, Tlorence Street, Coburn. Corfm. Litchfield. John liunyan. Ilattie F.. 'Tuplcy. 
 fohn C. Afunroe. .S'i> William Wallace. Osvei<o, Marina and Plato. Most of these put into Royal Roads to await 
 advices before going to the Sound to load. Among the American ve.ssels in the lumber trade on the Sound were 
 the ship Oriental, Capt. L. I.. Simmons; barks Charles A'. Kenny, C. H. Dahler ; Li::-:ie Marshall. Adolpli 
 Bergman;"' (('. W. Cra/xj, Hardie ; //. W. Dudley, DuAWy : Otai;o, Boyd; //cs/ic/-, Ryder ; barkentines AVZ/vV.-vr, 
 Sloane ; Mary Winkleman, Ulberg ; .Imetia, Newhall ; k'itsap, Robin.son ; schooners /o/tw /•". Miller. Hanson: 
 Mary li. Smith, Johnson ; William Renton, Kschen ; and the brig lla:ard, Paulsen. The Columbia River grain 
 fleet consisted of forty-one British barks and twenty-five ships, nine American ships and three barks, one .Swedish 
 and two German barks. The smallest was the British bark Coldstream, 546 tons, and the largest the .\nurican 
 ship Henry Villard, 1,5.53 tons. Forty-one were over i.aiotons, twenty-nine over 1,100, twenty-two over i,:i"i, 
 thirteen over i.^ix), seven over 1,400, and three over 1,500. 
 
 The sailing fleet received many valuable additions this year. Hall Brothers launched the three masted 
 schooner Dora liluhm, 330.44 tons, the Rosalind, 273, Corona, 394, and the Hawaiian steamer Planter, a vessel of 
 
 Portland & Coast Stkamship Comi'an\'s '■ Ai.i.ianck' 
 
 m 
 
 ^'••Capl. John Nt^wby was born in I,iverpool in 1S49 and entere<l service on sailinj^ vessels as an ajjprentit'e, receiving liis lirsl 
 couinianit, the hark Uiasoierc, in KS7H. He left her to lake a ]>osition as first oflicer on the steamship lien (w>c. ruiniiDK in tlic 
 Liverpool and Mediterranean trade. In iSSo he became captain of the liark Tiber, which he sailed for three years, losiiiK lur in a 
 terrible gale in Royal Roails in 1HS3. While in charge of the Tiber he rescned twelve Japanese sailors from a sinking vessel, uid for 
 that service was decorated by their Government with the order of the Red Ribbon iShoknm Kiokn]. After the loss of the .'Vfcv he 
 was placed in conunatul of the ship Chrysolite, afterward sailed the bark Nanaimo fonr years and was then appointed a reniil ir jillol 
 of the Victoria and Ksquimalt district. 
 
 '"Capt. Adolph Bergman was bor?i in I'russia in 1851 and began his seagoing career at the age of seventeen. He coiium'Hfeil 
 sailing out of San Francisco in 1S72 on the brig Curlew and continued running in the coasting trade for several years. Hi «:is in 
 command of the bark I.izsie Alarsliall when she was wrecked in l''ebruary, i8,S4. I"or the last few ye.irs he has been masli : ol llie 
 bark lU^ liouanza, operated in the lumber trade. 
 
British Columbia Transportation Companies, Unpnrallvkd filumbi'r of Dinastrrs 
 
 .^" 
 
 one liuiulred and sixty feet keel, twenty-nine feet heain. niul twelve fei't lioltl. The schoontT Currir /I. l.akr, 
 afterward euKOKi'd in tlii' (Icep sea nHhing business, was also huilt on the Sound. The Imrkentiue .SX-ri,'//, 481 
 tons, was built at I'ort I.ndlow, and the three-inasted schooner A'«>//c W'und i\\. Marshfielil l)y II. K. Ueed. At 
 Soutli Itend the schooner Sttiloi Hoy, .^ifi tons, was set afloat for the lumber trade. Other vessels constructed in 
 the Northwest were the .schooners l\n-ki-rshi(>x . 117 tons, at Parkersburg, Or.; (ilni, 121, at .Marshfiehl, Or.; 
 Oliiiiihia, 26, at Knappton, Wash.; Kiisller, 46, at Ivast Sound, Wash.; and the steam whaler Halirna. vSfi, at 
 Hallaid, Wash. 
 
 The financial loss by marine disasters in 1HH3 ran into the millions, and fully one hundred lives were 
 sacrificed in the numerous accidents. The most terrible catastrophe which had occurred since the loss of the 
 Piuifii in 1.S75 befell the steamship lhaf>plir. formerly the well 
 known guidioat for many years stationed at I'lsquimalt. After her 
 sale by the Government she was placed in the coasting service by 
 Warren Saunders, and in command of John F. Jagers, " with John 
 Si -itli, first officer, William Steele, chief engineer, and Dyer, purser, 
 saik'd from Victoria, April 28th, with a cargo of cannery supplies 
 and about one hundred passengers, of whom a large nund)er were 
 Chinese. The vessel called at Departure Hay, loaded forty tons of 
 coal, and then stopped at Nanaimo, Sunday afternoon, and discharged 
 fifty kegs of powder, starting north immediately afterward. About 
 four o'clock she hailed the steam .schooner Grace and took pilot 
 Sidney Franklyu on board. Shortly before 10:00 p. m., and, just 
 after the steamer had passed Duncan Bay, fire was discovered in the 
 hold. Ivigineer Steele was the first to notice the suspicious odor ol 
 smoke, and at once notified Captain Jagers, who was on watch at the 
 time. The latter gave orders to have the hose laid and the pum]i 
 in readiness and then began an investigation. Smoke was curling 
 up from the forward end of the boiler, near where the coal for u.sv on 
 the steamer had been piled under the upper deck fore hatch, and 
 l)efore the pumps were started the flames belched forth from under 
 the main deck and spread rapidly toward the engine-room, which 
 was located in the bottom of the vessel. Steele succeeded in starting 
 the pumps, but was driven from his post and reached the upper deck 
 after a 'esperate struggle with the flames. As .soon as it became 
 evident that the fire was beyond control. Captain Jagers ordered the vessel headed for shore, which was but a 
 short distance away. The helm was put to starboard, but, when an attempt was made to steady her, it was 
 found that the wheel ropes had been destroyed by the flames, and the vessel swung round in a circle, 
 uncontrollable and helpless in the roaring tide. Fire was blazing from the side ports and hatches, .scorching 
 the faces of the panic-.stricken pass.sengers, who blocked the passages on either side of the deck-liou.se, retarding 
 the work of launching the boats. The engine-room was a .seething mass of flames, in the midst of which the 
 ponderous engines, racing at full speed, were aiding the work of death and destruction by forcing the doomed 
 craft through the water with a rapidity which made the lowering of a boat almost an impossibility. If one 
 reached the water without swamping, the crazed Chinese promptly loaded it with rice and personal effects, on top 
 of which they piled in such numbers that it inunediately went to the bottom. John McAllister, one of the 
 passengers, had four large fishing-boats on board which he succeeded in launching over the stern of the steamer, 
 and embarking in one of them began picking up the unfortunates struggling in the water. In this manner 
 several were rescued and landed on Valdez Island. Captain Jagers was unable to go aft on account of the 
 blinding flames and smoke, and continued throwing overboard everything which might aid the unfortunate 
 pa.ssengers in reaching shore. He remained with his ship until the forward deck fell in, leaving him but a few 
 feet of plank near the stem, on which he stood for a few minutes with his face, hands and legs .severely burned, 
 ami tlien jumped over the bow into the ice-cold water. Several of the victims who had left the deck before he 
 made the plunge were hanging over the bow by lines, which were burning apart and gradually ending the 
 une([ual struggle. Fearful lest some of these unfortunates might seize him with their death grip, Jagers struck 
 out for the open, and after recovering from that fearful sensation caused by pa.ssing from intense heat to icy cold 
 ;"iiu(l himself outside the pall of fire and smoke which surrounded the burning vessel and comparatively near 
 
 C.MT. John I-'. Jaukks 
 
 ' Capt. John I'. Jagers of Victoria, B. C, was tx>rn in I'leriii.iuy in 1S51 ami coiiiiiienced going to se.i when a boy. .After 
 sailiiifT ill vatioiis parts of the world he arrived in Victoria in 1878 as second mate on tlie ship Gonilolier, wliicli he left in Victoria 
 for a [losition as mate on the steamer Heaver with Capt. J. U. Warren. He remained with the pioneer craft in tlial capacity for two 
 years ind then took charge of her, handling her very successfully for over three years in the towing anil general jobbing business, 
 lie llhii assumed commund of the tug /Hlol, from which he went to the steamer Giapfiter, remaining with her until she came to a 
 (lisaslnnis end in 1883. As soon as he recovered from his terrible experience 011 that ill-fa'"i' craft. Captain Jagers was .igaiii given 
 tharm "f the Beaver. A year later he joined the big tug .■l/e.iaiiuer as male, and in the sp.ing of 1SS8 entered the employ of the 
 Canaiiiaii l>aeific Navigation Company as master of the steamer I'rineess f. anise. He has si ice reniaine<l steadily in that service, 
 oomni.inding the Vosemile, K. P. Kilhel and various otlier steamers operated by that company. 
 
 ! \ 
 
 i ' 
 
 I \ 
 
 I: 
 
313 
 
 Lewis cj Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 the land, which was illuminated by the flames. The tide was carrying him down at a fearful rate, but by n last 
 despairing effort he reached an eddy, which deposited him on a large boulder, leaving hiin there niicuii-iious. 
 Several hoars laier he was picked up by some timber men who had a camp near the scene of the accident ami had 
 started after the blazing steamer. They had been unable to reach her before she was carried through vSejnioiir 
 Nprrows, and in returning to camp found the captain, whom tliej succeeded in reviving after several hours of 
 hard work. Caplain Jagers was the only one who landed on the Vancouver Island shore, and the first news lliat 
 reached civilization -vas to the effect that he had perished, as he was last seen with his vessel a few minutes before 
 her decks fell in. The e-tact number of lives lost is not definitely known, as the purser's records were destroyed, 
 but as nearly as can be ascertained the list of deaths is as follows : Lambert G. Vivalle, C. Bush, Jobn.soii 
 Roliinson, Bradford J. Cardam, Charles Lord, Du'ican McLean, A. Dietrick, C. Croshong, Donald McPhail, Henry 
 McCleeick, William .Smith, George Thomas, si.x Americans, names unknown, who were going north to work in 
 Turner. Beeton & Go's caniery, sixty-eight Chinamen and two Indians. The survivors remained with tht 
 Indians in the vicinity until word was sont to \'ictoria and the steamer .-//fin«./(*;- dispatched to bring them back 
 to Nanaimo. The members of the orew saved were: J. F. Jagers, "ai'tnin ; William Steele, chief engineer ; 
 H. Dyer, J. Smith, M. Conlin, George Bovell, James McGura, D. Sanguinette, and two Indians. Pa.ssengers ; 
 John McAllister, John J. Jones, Henry llalc'ikamp Hd'.vard i.aiie, W. Rowe, Silas Lane, R. K. Hall, John Cardaiio, 
 Julius Sigmund, Kenneth Henderson, 'avid Brown, Heniy McClusky, Cyrus Frederick and thirteen Chinamen. 
 
 At 2:00 A. M., May 13, iS.Sj, w'lde the steamship Mississ'ppi was lying at tLe dock in Seattle with one 
 thousand tons of coal aboard, a fire broke out and spread so ra ;)idly tuat Chief luigineer K;iapp was burned to 
 death in the cabin, where his charred remains were found the next day among the ruins. F'irst A.ssistant 
 William Winter '■' also had a very narrow escape. Before the fire could be subdued it had reached the dock, 
 causing a damage of twenty-five thousand dollars, in addition to the total loss of the steamer, which was vahic ! 
 
 at two hundred thousand dol- 
 lars. The tug Goliali went 
 alongside of the wreck Mon- 
 day morning and pumped 
 water in until the steamer 
 sank in twenty-five feet of 
 water. Attempts were after- 
 ward made to rai.se her l)ut 
 without avail, and in the fall 
 the engines and boilers were 
 removed and the hull aban- 
 doned. A similar catas- 
 trophe, with even more fatal 
 re.sults, overtook the stem- 
 wheel steamer dim, Kebruar; 
 7th. While fit route from 
 Seaitle to Union City in com- 
 mand of Captain Williain.son, 
 with P. L. Pla.':keit, ' chief 
 engineer, the steamer caught 
 fire and burned to the water's 
 edge three mtles off Appletree Cove. A con; iderable quantity of hay was stowed aft of the boiler, and in this 
 the fire started, burning the tiller .-opes and rendering the steamer unmanageable. But four passengers were on 
 board, F. C. Vickery and wife. Miss Vickery and F. G. Buffum. The two former were drowned in attempting to 
 get away from *he .;tpaiiier, as also were Iv. Raisback and George Gowan, deckhands, and the Chinese cook, who 
 left in a small boat, which capsized. The others stayed with the burning craft until they were rescued by some 
 loggers living in the vicinity, and were aflerwa.d picked up by the steamer Addie, which started to tow the 
 wreck, but the Evaiii>cl came along and threw such a swell that it was swamped and went to the liottom. 
 
 "William Winter, engineer, was born in HMtjlaiid in 1846 .nnd l)e(,'a" liis marine career on the .\tlantic Coast, ruiiiiiiit; in 
 Webb's line to Cuba. He arriveil on the Pacific Coast as water-lender on tlie (i/v n/ Sail FrainisiV in 1S75, anil, after iiiakiii)! a 
 trip to .\nstralia with that steamer, returned East, starting westward again in iSSo. lie ran 011 tlie steanishi]) U'i/miii,i;t,iii (or 
 a trip and then joined the (ii'oixr 11^. Elder, on which he served for over a year, with the exception of a voyage to tlie .\lcutiiiii 
 Islands in the service of the .\Iaska Commercial Company. He was next on tlie steamship Mississi/>fii as first assistant iiulil she 
 burned at Seattle, and held the same position on the steamship Viiioiia for several months. The .lext few years he spent in the 
 Arctic Ocean as chief on the st amers JViim'/ia/ anil Thru slier, and .-iince then has served on the steamship Oregon as third ii--i'-lant. 
 on the Ne:i'l>ern .as second assistant, on the steamers /•'erntl<ile, Clemie and M)»rt as diief, and on tile steamships K'ailiik, . //V 1 .'.nde' 
 Dakida and Xoyo as first assistant. 
 
 ■■'' P. I,. Plaskett, engineer, of , San I'rancisco, was born in Pennsylvania in 1S56 and commenced his marine cnroi' "M the 
 Pacific Coast on the steamship U'illiuiielle \n iS.Sr. The following year he was engagcil on the steamer C.'cw on Pngel .Sound, ol 
 wh'cli he was chief e:igineer when she burned in i.SS.v At the time of the accident Plaskett lloated on a gangplank lor six 
 ' ours before he was finally rescued by the steamer Addie. He was afterward eng.iged on the steanisliii)s .hiii'ii, Cilv i>/ I'liehh, 
 flfe.v ■), Queen, Sliile 0/ Cali/orniii Mu\ Alexander Diinean. He spent one year ill the Arctic on the whaler //i.'/iv/d, anl '.n his 
 return joined the steamship .■•'' A7, where he has since been stationed. 
 
 ST1:.^MSHi1' "(iKAVl'I-.'R " 
 
[1 boilers were 
 le hull abaii- 
 
 British Columbia Transpcrtation Companies, Unparalleled Number of Disasters 
 
 3'3 
 
 The steamer Josephine, set afloat from an adjoining yard within a few days of the Gem's launching, exploded her 
 boikr January i6th at Port Suisun, instantly killing Robert Bailey, captain ; John Turner, purser ; Amador 
 Boliia, steward ; David Sparks, assistant steward ; Johnson, deckhand ; Sam Cavanaugh, fireman ; K. E. Cannon, 
 a traveling salesman from New York, and Samuel Babbitt, a farmer, passengers. The accident happened at noon, 
 the captain having relieved Kngineer Dennis Lawlor, who had gone to dinner, leaving Johnson at the wheel. 
 The steamer was about a mile off shore, and when the explosion occurred the crown sheet went up through the 
 pilothouse, carrying Johnson with it. The boiler was blown entirely out of the boat, making a great hole in the 
 bottom. A large quantity of wood in the hold kept the hull afloat, and it was found bottom up about four miles 
 from the scene of the disaster by the steamer Polilkofsky, towed into Tullalip Bay and righted, subsequently being 
 rebuilt. Ivngineer Lawlor and six other survivors were re.scued by some Indians living on shore and taken to 
 Seattle by the Potitkofsky . The Josephine was owned by Captains J. B. Ball, N. Hartman and Fritz Dibbon, and 
 was usually commanded by the latter, with Hartman, purser, and James Kirch, engineer. Fortunately for these 
 three they had remained at Port Townsend to change the boat's papers. 
 
 The steamship Victoria, which was the old Bolivar lengthened and renamed, made her last port November 
 28, 1883. In command of Captain Reichniann .she started from Victoria for San Francisco, and in keeping too 
 ^lose in shore piled up on Cape Blanco reef, becoming a total loss. She was insured for $120,000, and John 
 lieriningham purchased the wreck for 
 Jyoo and the cargo for $110. Captain 
 Reichmami was censured for the acci- 
 dent and temporarily relieved of his 
 liceii.se. The steamship Tacoma, after 
 but thirty day's service on the Pacific 
 Coast, was wrecked January 2yth 
 about four miles north of the Umpqua. 
 The steamship, while c.v route for San 
 Francisco with thirty-five hundred 
 tons of coal from Tacoma, ran aground 
 at full speed at 9:00 i>. m., a faulty 
 compass being blamed for the disas- 
 ter. She vas in charge of (korge 1). 
 Kortz, capl.iin ; I<. I<. Simmons, first 
 officer ; C. Rodman, .second ofiicer ; 
 R. H. Willoughby, third ofllcer ; H. 
 Wilson, chief engineer; J. K. Grant, 
 first assistant ; A. W. Moffatt, .second 
 assistant ; A. Pringle, third assistant. Captain Kortz and a few of his men went a.shore for a.ssistance the next 
 morning, and the tugs Escort. Captain Magee, Sol 7'liomas, Captain I<awson, and J'earlcss, went to the scene 
 but were unable to be of much use owing to the heavy sea running. The cowardly life-saving keeper refused to 
 send his boat to the rescue, but John Bergman," with a volunteer crew consisting of Andrew Parson. Ben Dexter, 
 Robert Burns and two others, saved eigh'"en lives at the ri.sk of their own. P'irst Assistant Clrant was the hero 
 of tlie wreck. When the last boat was ready to leave, a short time Ijefore the steamer broke up, he stood with 
 drawn revolver and .'■loMped the mad rush of those still remaining on board, thereby preventing them from 
 overloading the boat an 1 destroying th' ir only chance of reaching shore. After restoring order and discipline 
 he refused to enter the bi at until all of the other members of the crew were in. Unfortunately the boat capsized, 
 and, tho igh the heroic Crant re.ic'ied shore, he was so weak fn- n exposure and the injuries he received in 
 the surf that he lived but a s'liirt '.ime. Nine others who were wiii' him perished in the breakers. These were 
 .Me.Kaniler Allen, storekeeper; Michael McGnire, Patrick Mi (Inire and Patrick Hayden, firemen; Henry 
 C.ariliner and Patrick O'Neill, niessmen ; ICdward Mockle, secorl cook ; J. N. Ca.sey and Richard Farrell. The 
 Titioina was a splendid new steamship built for the coast coal trade, and, as she was wrecked before she had earned 
 a dollar, tlie loss was a heavy one. Bergman and his associates, who.se heroism was the means of saving so many 
 lives, were each presented with a gold medal by the United States Government. 
 
 The steam schooner Ona. with which Capl. Charles Yarneberg had made the first trip up Tillamook River 
 as fur as Lincoln, was lost at Newport, September 2(itli, while in charge of Capt. F. H. Treat. '' .\ (piartet of 
 
 "Capl. John lierKiiian was born ill ('.i-iriany in 1S.17. At the a^t' "I lifteeii he lie^jaii deep-water sailing from his native 
 coiiiiiiy and conlimied in tliat vieiiiity until iS6g, when he arriveil at New York and frou" there started for the Paeitic Coast, 
 l!i]ipinK as sailor on the schooner I'oiesI A'iiii;. The latter part of the year he made his way to the Colnmhia River and 
 eni;ij;eil ill lisliiiiK, in which industry and the cannery business he continued until iS.S^. lie then went to the Sinslaw River and 
 lioiii^lii all interest in the steamer Foivril,\ (iperatiuK her for a year. He was siihseciuently on the /.illiitii and the Miscliiii. Captain 
 Beii;uian V ■I'- at Ihnpiiua when the Taionia was wrecked and rendered valuable assistance iu rescninj; those aboard. In i.Syi he 
 «'a^ appointed keeper of the life-saving station at (lardiner, Or. 
 
 ''Capt. 1'. II. Treat was born in .Searsport, Me., in 1S41), and began sailill^' in the coasliiiK trade on the Atlantic Coast when 
 a l'"v, afterwaril making several deep-water voyages to various portions of the world. In 1.S69 he came overland to the Pacific Coa.sl 
 an. I secured a berth on the ship Coquiiiibo, sailing in the I'liget Sound lumber trade. I'rom the Coijiiinibo he went to the barkeutiue 
 
 STKAMliR "OI.Y^M■IAN" 
 
 T 
 
 i 
 
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 'i 
 
 11' III 
 
 
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 f- ) 
 
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314 
 
 Lewis (f Dryaen s Marine History of the Pacific Nortfiwest 
 
 m 
 
 shipwrecks occurred at Royal Roads in 1883 during a high gale. The British barks Cw/z/awi,'^/// and yVAvaiui 
 the American .ihips Ccttvsbiiix and Soulliern Chief were driven ashore. The Cohiiiuij;/iI, 698 tons, Captain 
 Simpson, was wrecked at Albert Heads with 500,000 feet of lumber aboard, Welch, Rithet & Co. purchasing 
 her for $900. The 7'iit'r, 1,028 tons. Captain Newby, struck at Royal Bay and was .so near a complete wreck 
 that the C'(7««rt?/i,'-/// 'i buyers secured t her for $325. The Soiilheni Chief, 1,283 tons. Captain Higgins, was 
 purchased by Lieutenant I,ee of H. B. M. ship Swijisure for $600. He afterward sold her to San Francisco parlies 
 for $1,500, and she was subsequently repaired and placed in service, running in the lumber trade until 1894, when 
 .she went to pieces off Cape Flattery (see wreck of Southern Chief, 1.S94). The Cicllysbuix, 1,015 tons, Captain 
 Theobald, was sold to H. Saunders for $[,200. Her purcha.ser raised her and after some repairs disposed of her 
 to Captain Baker of the Richard III. for $9,000. Baker made further repairs, loaded her with lurabur and 
 sailed for the Cape of Good Hope, reaching his destination in safety, though the vessel was condemned at Cape 
 Town on arrival. The American barkentine C. L. Taylor, formerly the United States steamer Wciiona, while 
 en route from Port Townsend to San Pedro, encountered a heavy southeast gale and high sea twenty-five miles 
 southwest of Cape Flattery, and a sudden .squall threw her on her beam ends. The masts were cut away, and she 
 righted. A .six-year-old sou of Capt. Alexander Bergman was washed overboard, his father jumping after him 
 but failing to save him. After the vessel righted Mrs. Bergman was found dead in the cabin. The second mate 
 and six men left the wreck for Vancouver Island in a boat, and the captain, first mate and cook .stayed by the 
 vessel and were taken off by the bark Areturus at 7:00 i>. ji.. February 21st. 
 
 The bark Revere, Capt. J. F. Hinds, 795 tons, from Honolulu 
 for Port Townsend in ballast, was wrecked September 9th in San 
 Juan harbor. She sailed August 22d and came in during a thick fog 
 at 5:00 A. M. The noise of the surf was heard, and, though both 
 anchors were let go, she drifted and struck the shore broadside on 
 and .soon punched a hole in the bottom. The crew and pa.ssengers 
 were brought to Victoria by the Indians the next day, but a heavy 
 sea prevented saving much from the wreck. The .\merican hark 
 Whistler, another old-timer, in command of Capt. J. F. Soule, was 
 driven ashore on the weather beach between Cape Hancock and 
 Shoalwater Bay, while en route from San Pedro to Astoria in ballast. 
 vShe struck at 2:30 a. m., October 27th, and became a total loss. 
 Thick weather and a strong northerly current, with which the 
 master was unfamiliar, caused the accident. The British hark 
 Cairnsmore, Captain Gibbs, from London for Portland with 7,500 
 barrels of cement, was wrecked on Clatsop Beach, September 26th, 
 The captain lost his reckoning during a continued spell of foguy 
 weather and came in on a moderately heavy swell at 11:00 i'. m. 
 On hearing the breakers her sails were put aback, but too late to 
 enable her to get away from the land. A heavy surf prevented the 
 crew from reaching shore, and the presence of the wreck was not 
 known for fifteen hours. The crew finally took to the boats and 
 were picked up by the steamship Queen of t lie I'arif'ir and taken to 
 Astoria. The ves.sel was valued at $48,000 and her cargo at $[.s,i>oo, 
 1,015 tons. Captain Conner, burned in Port Discovery harbor at 1:00 a. m., 
 The schooner Phwbe I'uy, from Port Discovery for San Francisco, Ijecanic 
 water-logged and lost her rudder off Cape Foulweather, April i6th. The crew were rescued by the steamer 
 Mississippi and taken to Victoria. 
 
 The /. C. Cousins, which had been used oflT the mouth of the Columbia River by the bar pilots working in 
 opposition to Captain Flavel, was wrecked October 7, 1883, and the mystery surrounding her sudden end has 
 never been cleared up. The Cousins had been on the bar since March, 1881. Captains Charles Richardson,"' 
 Henry Olsen, Thomas Powers, H. A. Matthews and Woods were attached to her, the latter's name appearing on 
 
 /Cureid, serving as second ami lirsl niHtu. After coasting for several years he shipped as mate on the lliihtrt llhuk. in the Chintsc 
 passenger traile between I'orllnnil and Hongkong. In iHSi he located in rortlanil, and, with the exception of one liip to 
 Hongkong on the Co/oiiia, renmined there until i,SS6, running small steamers on the Columbia River and Vaipiina Hay. Ilf «,is 
 master of the steamer Ona when she was wrecked on Va(|utim l)ar in i.S,S5, and of tlie A'eqiia, lost on Klamath River har. Wliili' in 
 Portland he took the small sidewheeler Cleveland around from the Columbia to Yacpiina Hay. Captain Treat is now a resiil. iii nf 
 San 1'"' mcisco. 
 
 "Capt. Charles Richardson was horn in New London. Conn., in 1S50, and sailed out of New Rcdford on his first voy;i ;e in 
 1867 on the whaling hark ('ij*. After a two-years' crui.se he returneil from the north ami began sailing in c<msting siliiiincrs. 
 While in this service he was cast away ou I.ong Islaml on the schooner A'«M -VA^ri' of I'hiladelphia. lie then relumed !<■ New 
 York, going thence lo Galveston, I'cnsacola and Richmond, finally making his wi'y once more to the .\inerican metropolis, ulitri' 
 he joined the yacht '/'('I// ()//«/(7. For the next three years he was sailing-master on the yachts .S'(7/>/i/;i), Tidal Ware, FiiiU' m\A 
 (•tacie. He was with the Sii/'t>lio while she was engaged in the internalioual contest for the (Jneen's Cup. While the yacln ■ ute 
 out of service Captain Richardson made occasional trips to the West Indies, Cuba and Kav.- iniali. In November, 1S7.J, he v mil 
 the lighthouse tender Pulmaii of New Yck, remaining with her five years, when he was transferred to the MamaiiiLi. >illi 
 
 CaIT. CHAKI.HS KICIIAHUSON 
 
 The American ship War llatek, 
 April 1 2th, proving a total loss. 
 
British Columbia Transportation Companies, Unparalleled Number of Disasters 
 
 315 
 
 hKANK H. NBWHAI.L 
 
 the list as master. Hoatkeeper Zeiber had brought the schooner into Astoria for supplies, and sailed from that city 
 
 on till' tnorning of October dtli, three others accompanying him. She passed Fort Stevens safely and was seen in 
 
 tlie nUernoon at anchor neai Clatsop vSpit. The tug A7a>y Taylor was lying in Baker's Bay, and in the evening her 
 
 crew watched the Cousins sail out through the breakers. She ran off shore a short distance, and, when last .seen 
 
 beforo dark, was standing in. She was .sighted again the next morning and continued sailing about outside all 
 
 through the forenoon, occasionally tacking and going off shore. About one 
 o'clock .she headed for Clatsop Spit and came gracefully in before a light breeze, 
 striking at 2:15 v. M. People living in the vicinity, who had been watching her 
 movements until this time, had .supposed that she was properly manned, but on 
 investigation it was found that her crew had vanished, and no trace of them 
 was ever found. The papers were missing and also the small boat used by the 
 pilots in boarding ships. Zeiber and his companions were never .seen again, and 
 their fate will always remain a mystery. It was rumored that the boatkeeper 
 had been engaged to wreck the schooner and disappear, and several reports 
 reached Astoria in after years to the effe.t that he had been seen in different 
 parts of the world. None of these stories were substantiated, and the only 
 plausible theory is that the vessel struck on the spit in passing out and 
 frightened those aboard into leaving in a small boat, which probably capsized 
 in the breakers. The Cousins was a very handsome piece of marine architecture 
 and was originally intended for a yacht. Her interior furnishings were elegant, 
 and she was a very fast sailer. The opposition pilots replaced her with the 
 
 City of Nti/>a, a small centerboard sloop, which was chartered in San Francisco by Dan Welch and George 
 
 W. Woods and operated for a few months until the State built the pilot schooner Governor Moody. The steamer 
 
 Fanny Lake, built at Seattle in 1S7.S, burned on the Skagit River while passing the town of Sterling in 
 
 command of her owner, Capt. John Hill, May 21, 188,^, and all of the upper works were destroyed. She was 
 
 afterward reconstructed and continued running for ten years, going up in smoke again in 189,^ in Sullivan Slough, 
 
 near La Coinier. This last disaster ended her career. 
 
 The steamer .linrusta, constructed in 1880, burned at Port Madison, but was afterward rebuilt. She was 
 
 owned by Capt. William H. Hamlin,'" who placed his loss at $1,000. The bark Pomarc, launched at Sooke, B. C, 
 
 several years before, under the name Robert Coitan, was wrecked near Honolulu, February iStli. Another I'uget 
 
 Sound bark, the Marllux l\idcout. Captain Sears, from Tahiti for 
 
 Honululu, was so .severely injured in a hurricane August 12th that 
 
 she was condemned on reaching her destination. She was owtu-d by 
 
 Rentoii, Holmes & Co. The new steamship Queen of II: •ui/n- 
 
 ,t;roun(lcd on Clatsop Spit, September ^ith, and was compelled to 
 
 throw over .several hundred tons of cargo. At the following iiigh 
 
 tide the tugs Pioneer. /Jren/iani, Columbia and .Isloria, assisted by 
 
 the Ceneral Miles, towed her off. The Oueen had the narrowest 
 
 escape of any vessel that ever grounded there. The tugboats, after 
 
 considerable litigation, were awarded 565,000 for their services. The 
 
 sleamship /leaver, now nearing her fiftieth birthday, struck a rock at 
 
 tlie rntrance to Burrard's Inlet and went to the bottom. She was 
 
 raised with but little difliculty and continued in active service. 
 
 Two lodges of the Marine Kngineers' Association came into 
 
 cxisknce in the Northwest in 1.S83. The first of these, No. 38, was 
 
 orj^anized in .Seattle, April 18, 1883, with a charter membership of 
 
 Iweiity-ime, with the following officers : Robert Moran, president ; 
 
 l'"elix O'Neill, vice-president ; 1). H. Callahan, recording secretary ; 
 
 \V. .\. Berry, financial secretary ; I'Vank W. Bird, corresponding 
 
 secretary; M. Rounds, treasurer; A. Cutler, chaplaiti ; G. N. Gilson, 
 
 ilocirkeeper ; James Dunham, conductor. Meetings were held in 
 
 lMi,i;ine House No. i on Colmnbia .Street, and the lodge had gained a membership of .seventy-eight, when it 
 
 was disbanded in 1885 and reorganized at Port Townsend, February 7, 1889, with the following officers: 
 
 A. J. FKi.i.dws 
 
 Shiih 
 retin 
 Mai: 
 
 Ilk- 
 Mil. 
 Ill I 
 
 li lie iMiiie ti) tlic I'.n'ilio Coiisl, arriving al San I'raiicisco in i.S.Sd. .A ftw days lalt'r lie was appointed first iillicer of llie lender 
 lick, lioliliiii; tlial position niitil May, lSS,i. when lie resigned and was employed for a year piloting on the Cohimliia liar. He 
 lied to llie .S'/iii/iiiii' soon afler tliis, reinainin^r with lier nnlil she went oiil of service, and was then transferred to the 
 '.iinitii as master, retaining; eharKe iinlil Ihc new steamer Coliimbiiie was oonstriicted for the northern iiKlillKiiise district, 
 nil Richard.son and Chief HiiHineer Lord were then ordered Kasl to liring the new vessel to the Tacific Coast, and since her 
 :il Richardson has been in coiiiiiian<l. 
 
 "Capt. William H. Ilainliii was horn in New York in 1S2S and hcKan his niHrine career on I'liKet Smiinl in 1.S77, niiinin^! 
 l//'/«/(' .1/(11' on Lake Washiiinlon. .Miont i.SSi lie remodeled the steamer and named her the .1 iii;ii s/n , operating her from I'ort 
 -oil to .Seallle for aliont seven years, holding papers as hotli master anil engineer. He sold the . Iiii;iis/ii alioiil i.Si)ii and retired 
 i.incli near Mdiiininls. Ilefoie coming to the I'acilic Const he was engaged on tile Urie Cannl for a iiniiilicr of years. 
 
 li ? 
 
 'i 
 
 1 i 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 "t 
 *6 
 
 M 
 
 1 
 
 III 
 
310 
 
 Lewis 4 Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Nortlwest 
 
 Robert Turner, president ; Frank H. Newhall," vice-president ; L. Harloe, treasurer and corresponding stcn-tary ; 
 Charles Tinsley,™ financial secretary; Fred H. Cosper,'" recording secretary; James Kirtch, chaplain; A. I,. 
 Brightman, doorkeeper. Meetings were held at Port Townsend until December, i88y, when the assdciation 
 moved back to Seattle, where it has since remained, gradually increasing in strength until 1894, when it fitud up 
 
 handsome ([uarters in the Sqnire-I.atimer Building. The officers in 1894 
 were: H. M. Thornton, president; C. H. Conklin, vice-pre.sident ; G. X. 
 Oilson, treasurer; F. H. Newhall, .secretary; William McKin.sey, con- 
 ductor; 11. A. Trumbull, doorkeeper; membership, 176. Association 
 No. 41 was organized at Portland, August 4th, with the followini; 
 officers: Frank McDermott, president; A. H. Forstner, vice-president; 
 W. H. Marshall, treasurer ; J. \V. CoUyer," recording secretary ; Henry 
 Pape, corresponding secretary ; Louis Bert, financial .secretary ; J. Pal- 
 menter, chaplain ; William Lewis, doorkeeper. Other charter members 
 were W. J. Maher, J. J. McDermott, Jacob Multhauf, Klias \'ickers, 
 Jo.seph Cunningham, Albert Munger, Charles Iv. Gore, A. J. Fellows' 
 and William Doran. J. L. Ferguson was appointed inspcctc of hulls 
 at Portland, taking the place of John P. Ward, who had held the office 
 for the past four years. 
 
 Deaths in the marine profession in 188,1 were: Capt. Kdwaril 
 Harrington, who was sailing the schooner (innvler on the Victoria route 
 twenty-two years before, at Oak Harbor, Whidby Island, January 17th; 
 William Owens, chief engineer on the tug Mastiik, at Port Townsend, 
 February 24111, aged forty-six years ; George Nichols, formerly chief 
 engineer on the steamers (iiisslf '/el/air and I.iltlr Cali/ornia, at Portland, 
 July 26th, aged sixty-five years ; Capt. William Bochau, of the \\\g 
 Pioncey, at Portland, August ist, aged forty-three years ; Capt. Thomas Pritchard, a pioneer a.s.sociate of Capt. 
 William Irving in British Columbia steamboating. at \'ictoria. October ,vst, aged seventy-nine years; Capt. Jolm 
 Harlow, who was sailing in the Cohunbia River trade in is.si, at Portland, November 24th ; and Capt. Iv vS. 
 Farnsworth, of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, at ,San Franci.sco, September 2y\. aged sixty years. 
 
 The most expensive and at the same time the most useless steamers yet appearing in the Northwest were 
 added to the Oregon Railway & Navigation Companv s fleet in 18S4. They were the Olympian and Alaskan, a 
 pair of fine iron sidewheelers built in the East for the Puget Sound and Columbia River trade. They were 
 of handsome appearance and quite speedy, but the exjiense of operating them was so enormous that tlity 
 were always elephants on the hands of their owners. The Olympian wva built at Wilmington in i.SS,-, and 
 brought out from the ivast by H. S. 
 Ackley, captain ; W. S. Thaxter, first 
 officer; John Dixon, second officer; 
 
 CAl'i. O. A. A.Nl.l:KsoN 
 
 '■ I'raiik II. Newhall, eiiK'"»'er, was 
 liorn in Hriilgewatcr, Mass., in 1S61, and 
 was for livf years enKa>!eil on sailing ves- 
 sels on the .\llantic Coast. In 1SS2 he came 
 to I'unet Sound ami joined the steamer 
 Cflilo, afterward serving on the steamers 
 /■Aliia. Hi:, Qiii-fii ('ily, Lollir, .llaskaii. 
 Clara I!i07cii. IlililwhoJ, Skai;il iliii/', 
 Yakima, St. Patrick. .Ulti-rl l.,a. Otter, 
 flfaid o/' Orif;a)i, <,'arlainl, Katie, tfolyike, 
 Pioiiicr, Mogiil anil Di.untrry. He served 
 for a long lime as .secretary of the Marine 
 Hngineers' Association of .Seattle. 
 
 ^'Charles Tinsley. marine engineer, 
 was born in Milwaukee, Wis , in i.S,S7. and 
 hegan his marine work on the small slern- 
 wheelcr Maria ll'itkiiis, running out of 
 I'ortland. He continued on the Colunihia 
 and Willamelle rivers for several years 
 and then went to I'nget Sound, where he 
 entered the tuglioat service. At present 
 he is chief engineer of the lug /'iinieer. 
 
 '"I'red II. Cosi>er, engineer, of Port Townsend. Wash., was horn in California in 1S59 aiil conunciiced his marine serv 
 the tug .Isloria on the Columbia River in 1H7S, going from the Colnmhia to I'nget Sound, wli l- he was engaged on sevei.i 
 known steamers. He has recently been emjiloyed on the d'ailaiid and is at present in the tngl.cal service. 
 
 *'J. W. Collver. engineer, began steamboating in the Northwest about thirty years a>;'> and has been continuously en 
 in the business siiu'e. His first work was in British Columbia, where lie ran out of Victoria <'ii a number of small slcamei.- 
 leaving there he went to the Columbia and entered the service of the Oregon Railway iS: .Navigation Company, where he rein 
 for a great nianv vears, leaving their eniplov to take his inesent position as engineer on the transfer boat lamina at ICalani.i 
 Collyer is a proinlnenl member of the Marine ICugiueers' Association, No. .11, having liil.l the office of secretary for a long 1 
 
 'A.J. l'"ellows, engineer, is a native Oregonian ami comniem-ed steamboating on Ihc Willamette when a boy. He li.i 
 the position of chief engineer for over fifteen years and has always had success with steamers in liis cliarge. He was for a Ion 
 chief engineer of the steamer /.iiitiiit- ami while in cliarge gave her a fine record fiir speeil, .Mr. lellous is at present li' 
 I'ortland. 
 
 STKAMKk "ALASKA.N" 
 
 «cll 
 
 ,U,.h1 
 
 On 
 
 liiieii 
 
 Mr, 
 
 inc. 
 
 :ilU-<l 
 
 time 
 
 pjiii 
 
British Columbia Transportation Companies, Unparalleled Number of Disasters 
 
 317 
 
 STKAMKR "TKLKI'HONK' 
 
 AikIk'w Hill, third officer ; Puxley, chief engineer ; Kicld, first assistant ; Barnard, second assistant ; and Marccy, 
 third assistant. She arrived at San Francisco, March 3d, and was sent to the Sound at once and placed on the 
 Victoria and Taconia route, reaching \'ictoria, March 25th, in charge of Thomas Wilson, captain ; George Roberts, 
 first officer; John Dixon," second officer; C. H. Dawson, chief engineer ; J. S. Kidd, first .assistant ; and C. H. 
 Wanoii, purser. She ran on the .Sound until the following year, was .sent to San Krancisco for an overhauling, 
 and nil her return commenced making a round trip a day on the Victoria route. In 1886 she was taken round to 
 
 the Columbia by Captain Ackley, 
 and was first used in raising the ice 
 blockade between Portland and the 
 Ca.scades, crushing her way through 
 and rescuing the beleaguered pa.s.sen- 
 gers at Honneville. In the sunnner 
 of 1886 h. A. Bailey, port captain of 
 the Oregon Railway ^: Navigation 
 Company, handled her on the Ilwaco 
 route, establishing the first through 
 service to the .sea.shore. In com- 
 mand of Bailey she made the run 
 from Portland to Astoria in four 
 hours and forty-seven minutes. She 
 was chartered in 1887 by the Pacific 
 Coast Steamship Company and 
 placed in the Alaska trade in charge 
 of James Carroll, captain ; James B. 
 I'atter.son," first officer; Benjamin Craig, .second officer; William Wilson, third officer; John Melville, chief 
 engineer ; P. H. Crim, first assistant ; and W. \'an Tassell, second a.ssistant. She was pretty well shaken up 
 on this run, but in October \i'as again on the Victoria route, with Capt. O. A. Anderson'' and I'jigineer \'an 
 Tassell. For the next three years .she was in command of Capt. George Roberts, Anderson taking her again 
 in iSi)o, and a year later sb.- was brought to the Columbia and placed in the boneyard, her b-^ilers being 
 worthless. Since then she has remained in idleness. The Olympian is two hundred and sixty feet long, 
 forty feet beam, and twelve feet five inches hold, with a vertical, surface-condensing, walking-beam engine 
 seventy by one hundred and forty-four inches, and with wheels thirty-two feet in diameter and eleven feet face. 
 
 The Olymfiian s sister ship, the .Uaskati, arrived at ,San l-'ran- 
 cisco, March 17, 1884, and was brought to the Columbia a short time -^ ^t-^ -- - - 
 
 afterward. A collapse of the boom, which was at its height when the 
 two steamers were ordered, left them without a profitable route, and 
 the .lliid-aii was retired to the boneyard in an unfinished condition. 
 When Captain Troup took charge he put the Alaskan in good running 
 order and operated her on the Ilwaco route. Archie Pease serving as 
 pilot, Thomas Smith, engineer. Captain Scott's first Telephone was 
 in the height of her glory at that time, and, whenever she encountered 
 tlie l)ig sidewheeler, passengers were treated to the finest steamboat 
 
 "Cn|)l. John Dixon of I'ort Madison, Wash., was born in New York in 
 iS5(). His lirsl marine work on coniinji lo llie I'afitk' Coast was in iSSoand iSSi 
 on llic slcainships ( 'ohniihia anil li'nllit ll'iilla, with whioli lie came out from New 
 Vnrk. rniiniiii; north from S;iii I-'raiiciseo. He left the steamship service ami 
 rnUrcil the employ of Uie Oregon Railway .S: Navinalion Conipanv on I'u;;et 
 Scianil. serving on the sleaniers (>/yiii/ii,ui. //ai:,iin/, Civile /■.'. S/iiir, .llastnii. 
 r. J. /'»//(•/• and Xki'I/i l\i,ilu. In iSyii he was Kiveii cominanil of the Xoith 
 /'u,7//r, and was aflcrward inasler of the in-oiX'' /■■ .W;*/-. Siiiome. S/aIr of 
 Wiisliiui^lon and luutlhtviii. Prior to his arriv.il on the Coast, Caiilain Dixmi 
 was iiiiplovecl for live years on the Cireat Lakes and for the same length of lime 
 rainiinn soiilli from New York. lie also made several voyajjes to the West Indies 
 .inil the Caribltean Sea in steam and sailing vessels, and in iSS(> maile a trip from 
 S;iii l''rancisco to China in the steamship Siiii I'ttblo. 
 
 "Capt. Jjunes H. ralterson was horn in New N'ork in 1S5S and he^an his 
 iiiaiiiie work on (he Pacific Coast ahont Iweiily year-; a^o on the steamship 
 Otiij/HJ. After le.aviiij; her he was eii^a^etl on steamers rimnin).; north from 
 I'uncl Sonnd and for several years has worked as jiilot on .Alaskan steamers. 
 He \\.is for a lonj; time on the steamship ( ity 0/' 'J\ff>rkti anil other vessels owned 
 I" ilic Pacific Coast Sleamship Com]>any, and when llic A'n.ui/ie was placed on 
 the iiiirtliern ronte comm.inded her nntil the opposition ceased. 
 
 "Capt. O. A. .\iidcrson was horn in Norway in iS4,v lieKaii KoinK to sea when thirteen years of a^;e. and coiit'iined in 
 iU'c|i water ships in various parts of the world iinlil 1SS2, when he arrived at Seattle and joined tile Oregon Railway .S; Navigation 
 Company's steamer U'liiOiiir. lie remained in the service of that coniiiany for ten years, nearly all of which were spent as captain. 
 iMiriiii,' that time he served on the steamers /'iiiiiui //i; rri 'i» 1/, Olym/'iaH, .-Uaskuii, Xoilli 7'i,i/ii, IJulio, T. J. r.illei Selioiiic, 
 oVc. ,■ ll.SUin\ Htusulo and t'iiiKiiaii. He look the ('/i/H/i/.i;/ and .Ihukaii to the Sonnd from Ihe Columliia River and had 
 cliai c of tlieni most of the time while they were on the Victoria roule. In i.Syi he resigned his position to .snpurinteii'i the PiiKCl 
 Sound drydock at ynartermasler Harhor, where he still remains. 
 
 Cai'i. Thomas n. e».\.Mi 
 
 ; \ 
 
 I 
 
 i'''A 
 
 Vi 
 
 I 1. 
 
3 '8 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific IVorthwest 
 
 races ever witnessed on the Columbia River. The Telephone, which was in charge ol" Capt. \V. H. Whitcoml, and 
 
 Chief Engineer Newton Scott, was too speedy for the Eastern production under ordinary circumstances, hut Troiiii 
 
 and Pease exercised considerable ingenuity in keeping the Telephone in shallow water, which rctankd her 
 
 movements. The two steamers were in pretty clo.se quarters on more than one occasion, but, aside from a cMt 
 
 of paint burnt off the smokestack of the Alaskan on each trip, no harm was done. In i8,S,S the steamer wein to 
 
 the Sound and in command of Captain Anderson alternated vvilli Die 
 
 , Olympian on the Victoria route, rendering a splendid .service, wliich 
 
 was profitable oidy to the peoi>le. She left the Sound for the (."(jIimu- 
 bia River, November ist, in charge of Captain .\nderson and Chief 
 Ivngineer Walter Swain, and the following May started fur San 
 Franci.sco to go in the drydock. She never reached her destiiiatiim 
 but was pounded to pieces in a terrible .sea off Cape Hlanco nearly 
 forty people losing their lives (.see wreck of Alaskan, i,S8i|i. Tlie 
 Alaskan was two hundred and eighty feet long, seventy-five feet beam 
 over all, with a walking-beam engine seventy-three by one linndred 
 and forty-four inches. 
 
 The steamer Telephone, which vanquished both of her big rivals 
 from the East, and which her owners had always claimed was the 
 fastest sternwheeler in the world, was launched in Portland, October 
 30, 1884, but did not make her trial trip until the following I'ebniary. 
 Owing to the remarkable success which Captain Scott bad enjovod in 
 his previous steamboat ventures, nmcli was expected of the Tclcphom. 
 and she was not a disappointment. In one of her first attempts at 
 .speed on the .\storia route, she made the round trip in eleven honrs 
 and four minutes. July 2, 1SS7, she made the run from Portlaiul tci 
 Astoria in the unparalleled time of four honrs, thirty-four and one- 
 half minutes, covering the last forty miles in the teeth of a gale. 
 Captain Scott remarked, on arrival at .\storia, "They will luinnner 
 
 away at that record for a long time before they will beat it." Eight years have elapsed since that time, and it is 
 
 still unbroken. Owing to her great speed the steamer enjoyed an 
 
 immense business, but unfortunately came to a sudden end November 
 
 20, 1887, burning to the water's edge at upper Astoria. She caught 
 
 fire a short distance below Tongue Point, the blaze starting in the 
 
 oil-room and spreading so rapidly that, although the steamer was 
 
 beached in le.ss than ten minutes, she was a mass of flames from stem 
 
 to stern. One hundred and forty passengers and a crew of thirty-two 
 
 were on board, all of whom were landed .safely, with the exception of 
 
 one intoxicated passenger, who lost his life by suffocation. As .soon 
 
 as the alarm was sounded, Newton Scott, the engineer, threw the 
 
 throttle wide open, and the steamer went on the beach at a twenty- 
 mile gait, striking some rolling pebbles, which broke the force of the 
 
 shock. Captain Scott stayed at the wheel until the steamer reached 
 
 the shore, narrowly escaping death, for the flames had burned the 
 
 steps of the pilot-house from under him, and he was obliged to 
 
 escape through the window. The Astoria Fire Department promptly 
 
 came to the rescue and succeeded in saving enough of the hull to 
 
 warrant rebuilding the steamer, and thirty feet were added to her 
 
 length amidships. The new Telephone, which aro.se from the ruins 
 
 of the old boat, commenced operating early in 18S8 and is still in 
 
 .service. Capt. Thomas H. Crang'" has had command for the past 
 
 six years, with William Earkins, pilot. Joseph Hayes was chief 
 
 engineer for several years and was succeeded by C. W. Evans. C. R. 
 
 Donohue serving as purser and Al McGillis as steward. In January, 
 
 1892, while in charge of Pilot William Earkins, she struck the Government revetment at the moutli "f llie 
 
 CATT. WlLt.IAM H. I.AKKINS 
 
 C. W, KVANS 
 
 BiH'i 
 
 '•Capt. Thomas H. Crang was t)orii in New York in 185.S and a few years later removed witli liis |)arents to Mielii),' "i ''"'" 
 tliere lliey went to Illinois, thence to Iowa, and in 1875 started for Oregon, arriving al .\storia in .Seplendier of tU.-it year Vnuii); 
 Crang had served a few months as a printer's devil in the I';.ast, and, on reaching .\storia, went to work as a conipositi't on the 
 Ailorian, He continned in the printing hnsiness nntil iS.Sn, when ill liealtli indnced him to try the water. Ilis lir.sl slenirlo.itiii); 
 was on the old steamer Katala as a deckhand. He then went to the steamer k'.dilh .as mate, ami eight months later look o.nmainl, 
 continning in that position four years. Leaving the Edith he ran as mate on the i1rd:ciiy trir a short time, and, on the ein;i,>lelioii 
 of the North I'acific Mills' steamer Fannie, he hecame her master, remaining in that position nntil iMay, iS.SS, when he rt~ ned to 
 go as pilot with Captain Scott on the new Telephone, of which a year later he was given the capliiincy, which he sti ! liolils 
 Captain Craug has been very successful in his steamboat career and has never had an accident of any moment. 
 
 }U:-'^ 
 
Whitcfimli and 
 ices, 1ml Troup 
 h retanUd her 
 rle from a coat 
 teamer wunt to 
 iiak'd with the 
 
 scrvicf. wliich 
 for the Cohim- 
 rson and Chief 
 tarted fnr San 
 her destination 
 
 lilanc'o nearly 
 '/. i.SHo'. The 
 I'-five feet heam 
 ly one hmidred 
 
 if her big rivals 
 aimed was the 
 rtland, October 
 wing l''el)rnary. 
 
 liad enjoyed in 
 f the Tilfphon, . 
 rst attempts at 
 in eleven hours 
 mi Portland to 
 y-four and one- 
 ;eth of a gale. 
 y will hammer 
 
 time, and it is 
 
 nioutli 'I' tlie 
 
 Britiah Columbin Trans/xirfaiion Companies, Unparallekil Number nf Diaaatem 
 
 
 Wll.I.IA.M SiMI'SnN 
 
 William I,k\ms 
 
 JOSKI'H CoLLVKk 
 
 Cai'T. C>i:oK(;k Oork 
 
 STtiAMKK " TaCOMA" 
 
 CiiiKi' Kni-inkkh Charles (;okk 
 
 J"1IN 1 AR^KN 
 
 i:i IAS \ICKKRS 
 
 Michael O Ni;ill 
 
 ,^'9 
 
 1 ! I ■, 
 
 I. t 
 I i 
 
 I If 
 
 1 i 
 
 I J; 
 
320 
 
 Lewis (f Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Tld ■■ l-'AVt)KITK' 
 
 Willamette River, tearing a big hole in the starboard bow and sinking until only her liow remained out of water. 
 It was at first feared that she would prove a total loss, but she hung to the breakwater for about a week and was 
 then raised. The accident was caused by a dense fog, which prevented the pilot from seeing the liglit at tlie 
 mouth of the river. The old Telephone was handled by Captains Scott and VV'hitcomb, with Newton Sccitt and 
 
 Joseph Hayes, chief engineers, and 
 C. R. Rarnard, purser. 
 
 The largest steamer set afloat 
 in the Northwe.st in 1883 was the l]ig 
 railroad ferry-boat built to transfer 
 Northern Pacific trains across the 
 river at Kalama, Wash. The steamer 
 was brought out from New York l)y 
 the Atnerican ship Tillie /;'. Stnrbiuk, 
 lier manifest showing the ferry-boat 
 to consist of 57,159 separate pieces. 
 She was put together at Portland and 
 launched May 17th by Smith Hrotliers 
 & Watson, and was handled on her 
 trial trip by Capt. K. W. .Spencer. 
 She was first christened the h'alama 
 but is now known as the '/ticoiiia. 
 Capt. George Gore was placed in 
 command of the steamer, with Charles 
 Gore, chief engineer, and that they are both still holding those positions is a high compliment to their ability as 
 
 steamboatmen. Other menjbers of the crew for several years past and at the present tinie are William Simpson 
 
 and A. F. Hedges, pilots ; John I<ar.sen '' and Thomas Poppington, mates ; William Lewis, Elias V'ickers, Joseph 
 
 CoUyer and Michael O'Neill, engineers. The Taeoma's dimensions are: length, three hundred and thirty-eight 
 
 feet ; beam, forty-two feet ; depth, eleven feet seven inches ; engines, thirty-six by one liundred and eight inches. 
 The steamer IVildicood was built at Rainier, Or., in 1.S84, by the John.son Hrothers. She was a handsome 
 
 little propeller, fitted with a Wells compound engine ten and twenty by twelve inches. Captain Johnson, her 
 
 builder, brought her to Portland for a trial trip, and on his return home that evening he was mistaken for a 
 
 burglar and killed. The steamer then changed hands and was run for a while on the Sellwood route. .She was 
 
 then taken to Gray's Harbor and the following year was .sent 
 
 around to the Sound and sold to Capt. Thomas Grant for $8,000. 
 
 She was hauled out and exten.sively repaired, supplied with new 
 
 boilers and engines, the old ones being placed in the steam schooner 
 
 Leo. She started running lietween Olynipia and Port Town.send in 
 
 July, and a few days later burned at Olympia. .She was rebuilt 
 
 and afterward passed into the hands of Morgan & Hastings, who 
 
 are still operating her. M. G. Morgan '" had charge of her on the 
 
 Columbia, and Captains Thomas Grant, John Jordi.son. T. A. 
 
 Jensen and L. H. Hastings," the .son of the pioneer of the same 
 
 name, commanded her when she went to the Sound. Aside from 
 
 the above-mentioned steamers, additions to the fleet on the Colmnbia 
 
 River and vicinity were of but small importance. At Portland the 
 
 propeller AVrr York was constructed by a man named Crosswaite, 
 
 who .sold her to W. H. Foster, her new owner using her as a ferry 
 
 between Portland and Albina. Foster was also interested in a 
 
 small catamaran steamer called the V'hiiis. which he used in the 
 
 same trade. The A/ere York was fifty-two feet long and nine feet 
 
 beam, with an eight by nine inch engine. The .steamer Ilenniiia 
 
 "Jolin Larsen, mate of the .steamer Taioiiia, was born in Norway in 
 1S57. After foliowiiiK the sea in various parts of tlie world he he>jan steam- 
 boating oil the Willamette River in iH.So on the ('A/«, remaining with her and 
 other river steamers until about 18S5, when he joined the big ferry-boat with 
 which he is still connected. 
 
 "M. G. Morgan wa.s born in Hurlington, Iowa, in 1.S45, and began his steamboat experience in the Northwest on the 
 Co.-('//7r as cabin boy. He at first carried an engineer's liceii.se, but changed his occupation and now holds his eleveiitli 
 master's papers. Captain Morgan left the water several years ago anil is at present conducting an employment agency in 1 
 
 "Capt. L. B. Hasting.s of I'ort Townsend, Wash., was born at that place in 185,^ and ill 1881 began steaniboatiii 
 yiiginia, of which he was lialf owner. lie ran her for three years and then sold out to Captain Price and built tin 
 Enterprise, which he operated four years and then retired from {he water tu look after his holdings ashore. He has sii 
 interested in the steamers // 'ildxvooa, Angeles and Garland, and was one of the principal owners of the .Straits .Steamboat C 
 
 CAIT. JAMKS KOllKKISON 
 
 'earner 
 i-sue of 
 iiillaml. 
 i nil the 
 .le.imer 
 
 -■ been 
 .•iiliaiiy. 
 
 !#:; ■■ 
 
 •'■&■ 
 
British Colli riuia Transportation Companies, Unparalleled Number of Disasters 
 
 3a I 
 
 was ooinpletetl at Portland for the city, to be used in connection with the dredges. She was a propeller ahout 
 sixt\ -five feet long, with engines fourteen hy fourteen inches. Her upper works were burned off a few years later, 
 ami, 1)11 being rebuilt, she was christened /.oiiisc \'an);/in. W. L. Iliggins was her first master, and (leorge Kwry, 
 \V. 1'. Dillon and others afterward commanded her. For the past five years she has been owned and operated by 
 
 Capt. 1). W. Dobbins on Shoalwater Hay. The steam .scow I'.iirika 
 was l)uilt at Astoria for H. \V. Robson of Knappton, remained on the 
 Columbia until i.SS,S, and was then .sent to Ala.ska. Another steam 
 scow, the Jhiisii, was constructed at Astoria for George Harmon and 
 Al Church, whom she carried out to .sea a few years later, both of 
 them nearly dying from starvation before they were picked up by a 
 steamship. The /hum never came back. The Hissie was built at 
 Castle Rock, with a permit to run from St. Helens to the head of 
 navigation on the Willamette by way of the slough, but not to be 
 allowed on the Columbia River. The . hi/ii'r was launched at Astoria 
 for I,. O. Haaven and operated by (leorge Morton. Charles Woods 
 afterward u.sed her as a gunboat during the sanguinary encounters on 
 Miller's Sands. The Minnie Hill was completed at Portland by H. F. 
 Jones, H. T. Groves " taking command a few years later, and Capt. 
 Charles O. Hill'' afterward running the steamer as a trader. The 
 lluntirss was a small trading boat built by R. H. King in i,S84, and 
 burned at Kalama the following year. 
 
 The tug Favorite, constructed at San I'Vanci.sco in 1875, was 
 brought to Vaciuina by J. J. Winant for the Oregon Development 
 Company, Winant remaining in charge until I.S,S6, when he was suc- 
 ceeded by James Robertson, Iv. A. Abbey, K. F. Wilson and Freeman 
 Dodge.' At North Hend, Coos Hay, the tug Xovelly was completed for M. P. Callender and A. M. Simp.son, 
 Capt. Robert I.awson coiiimanding the steamer when .she began running. Captain Simpson's tugboat fleet was 
 also reinforced by the new Astoria, built at North Hend. .She was one hundred and nine feet five inches long, 
 twenty-three feet beam, twelve feet hold, and was engaged most of the time on the Columbia and Shoalwater 
 Bay. Captains George C. Flavel,'' Daniel J. Mc\'icar, H. A. Matthews, Eric John.son, and other well known 
 luglioatmen, .served with her as master, and James Drennon,'' A. B. Hughes and A. F. Goodrich were among 
 her engineers. The steamer Rattler was built at Ainsworth, Wash. She was .seventy-.six feet long, nineteen feet 
 
 ■'"Capt. H. T. Groves was born in Iowa in 1862 and moved to the Northwcsl in 1S79. 
 His first stcainboatinK was 11s frcinlit clerk on the .steamers (Uizelle and />iiyt<m. He was 
 aftirwiinl in the einpliiy of tile Gei/delic .Survi y nnder Captain Rockwell on the Willamette 
 ami Colinnhia rivers for three years. He was next mate on the steamers Wotnter and 
 (Wji.M, enKa>;ed in towing. In lS,S4 he w.as appointed nnister of the steamer 7oAh West, 
 wliich ])osition he held for abont two years, j;oin;; back to the Orttway and IVottder ill liis 
 old lierth nntil 18S7, when lie serveil in a similar capacity on the North Pacific Lumber 
 Company's steamer /'tinnie, after whicli he was captain of the A/innie Hilt, Sellieooit, 
 Cychnir and other small steamers. In the summer of 1SS9 he ran as pilot on the doverii- 
 menl steamer Casemlfs for a few months and then took command of the steamer Fannie, 
 which he has since handled. 
 
 'Capt. Chariest). Hill was born in New York in I.S55 and commenceil his marine 
 service oil the Governor Xeurtt in iSSv He jmrchased tlie steamer in 1SS9 from J. C. 
 Trulliuj^er and has since served as engineer, his wife, Minnie Mill, being in command. 
 
 'Capt. I'recman Dodge was born in Elaine in 1852 and came t<t the Pacific Coast ill 
 1.S71. lie begiin running on the schooner liltioiiili from '^'aquina Hay, was afterward on the 
 schooners /(>//// I/iintey and Si^ntit, and then went ti) Coos Hay, where he remained for a 
 year on the steamers Coos, Feartes.i and J^fe^i.\eni;rr. He ran between Vacpiiiia City and 
 Portland for two years on the famous /\tite tinit Anno, then entered the employ of the 
 Oregon Pacific on the tugboats Farorile and A'esotiite on Yaipiina Hay, and then served on 
 llie route between Va(|nina and Portland on the steamers .luxiiila and Harrison. He was 
 .ilso on the steamer (iarjiclil al Tillamook for two years. 
 
 'Capt. Cieorge C. I''lavel was born in Astoria in 1855 and is a son of the most proiii- 
 iiient ni.arine man who ever operated in the Northwest. 'I'lie yonng mall inherited a love 
 for the water, and, while yet a boy, spent the greater portion of his time around his father's 
 lUKlioals, Desiring to see more of the ocean than was possible on a tugboat excursion, he 
 shipped on a deep-water vessel and made an extended cruise to various parts of the world. 
 On rilurning he took command of a tugboat and for .several years was at different times in 
 clwrge of each of the tugs controlled by his father. Ill health compelled him to retire 
 from the water for several years, but in 18.S9 he again took command of the Columbia and 
 liamlUil her for several mouths. Like his father he has always been thoroughly conversant 
 with ihf practical details of the towage and pilotage business, which has always been a vexed question at the month of the 
 Cohuuhia. Since the dcitli of his father in 1.S93 he lias been engaged in looking after the vast property interests of the estate 
 
 ''James Drennon was born in New York in 1852, arrived on the Pacific Coast in iS7.t, and began rnniiingout of San I'rancisco 
 o« tlic steamship // 'itliani II. Taber. He was in the j'acific Mail .Steamship Conipaiiy's employ for several years on the Panama and 
 China route, and was one of the crew of the steamship Japan when .she burned 150 miles out from Hongkong, at which time 525 
 people lost their lives. One hundred and twenty were saved. Drennon being one of the number. .Subseciuently he w us shipwrecked 
 in tliu steamship I'euUna at Point Sur, south o( San Fr.'incisco. He spent two years on the .steamship Orcffonian, plying between 
 Vokoliama ami Chinese ports. He moved to .Astoria about a decade ago, and after running a few years .as chief engineer on the 
 liar lilies he was appointei! to a similar position on the new Government tug (leorge H. Afendelt, where he has since remained. As 
 a tlioiough iiiacbinist and practical engineer Mr. Drennon is not excelled by any man in the Northwest. 
 
 JAMKS t>REN.NON 
 
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322 
 
 Lewis tf Dryden'a Marine History of the Paoifio Northwest 
 
 \'} 
 
 6b i 
 
 six inches beam, and four feet hold. The steam launches Leo, owned by T. F. I.evens of the Cascades, and 
 T. L. Nicklin, owned by White & Nicklin of Portland, were l)rought to the Columbia from San Kraiicisco. 
 A. J. Knott constructed the Sttxik Street I'eiry No. 7, one hundred and thirty feet long, forty feet beam, mid six 
 feet hold. W. H. Robertson handled her a short time and was succeeded by Henry \'an .\uken.'' The (I'ln flow 
 a handsome propeller one hundred and forty feet long, twenty-six 
 feet beam, and .seven feet three inches hold, was launched at 
 Marshfield, Or., for tlie coasting trade. She is still in active 
 service and is operated by (loodall, Perkins & Co. The propeller 
 Gold Diisl was brought down frouj the middle river, May 25th, l)y 
 Captain Martineau and luigineer St. Martin. Capt. Cleorge Adams 
 also came over with the steamer. 
 
 Additions to I'uget Sound's steam fleet were not so numer- 
 ous as in i.S,S3, but fully a dozen small steamers were launched. 
 The Riisller was built in Olympia and taken to Seattle, where she 
 W..S equipped with machinery by Capt. A. O. Henjainin, who started 
 I'.er on the Roche Harlwr and Victoria route in opposition to the 
 l.ottic. Henjamin afterward disposed of her to Morgan & Hastings 
 of Port Townsend, who in turn sold her to Captain Maiison of 
 British Columbia. She was afterward owned by H. R. Morse of 
 Vancouver and passed out of existence in January, iHyi. The 
 Washington Mill Company constructed the steamer Louise at 
 vSeabeck. She was a sternwheeler ninety feet long, twenty-two feet 
 l)eam, and was handled by Captain Parker and Engineer Robert 
 Airey. The 7V(V, the finest and most powerful tugboat on Puget 
 Sound, was launched at Port Ludlow for the Puget Mill Company 
 and is one huiid''ed and forty-one feet two inches long, twenty-six 
 feet beam, and iwelve feet hold, with engines of .seven hundred 
 horse-power. Capt. William Gove was given command and has 
 remained in charge continuously since her first trip, while J. A. 
 W. A. Cox, and other well known engineers, have served on the tug 
 
 were : the Utsaladv 
 
 Capt. H»'Nhv Van Aikkn 
 
 Snyder,"' Harry Harkins," J. R. Ludlow, 
 Other steamers built on the Sound in 1S.S4 
 length fifty-seven feet, beam fourteen feet, 
 and depth four feet, at Utsalady, Wash.; the liiilerpiise. length 
 fifty-two feet, beam thirteen feet, depth four feet six iiiclics, at 
 Port Townsend; the Cascades, Peaii, Colby and U'atclimakri . Ai 
 .Seattle ; the Maude, at Port Madi.son ; Skookiim, at Skookiim 
 Hay; An'////, at Whatcom ; .SV/oo /7r, at Port Ludlow ; C'ii/ki. al 
 Tacoma ; Sophia , at Lake Hay ; and S</iiak, on Lake Wnsliiiig- 
 ton. The steauier ll'ilduejd, completed on the Coluiiiliia tlie 
 year before, arrived on the Sound in November, coming from 
 Gray's Harbor, where she had been operated between Ho(nii>ani 
 and Moiitesano. 
 
 While the new steamer Olympian was giving a service 
 unequaled for speed and comfort, she encountered a rival wliicli 
 made serious inroads on her profits. The /ili-a Anderson, wlmsc 
 prestige was unaffected by her weight of years, was runiiinj; to 
 Victoria, carrying pas.sengers for one dollar per head. Tlie 
 Oregon Railway & Navigation Company assigned the task of 
 removing her from the route to Capt. George Roberts, " with llic 
 
 '■'CaiJt. Henry Van Ankuii is a native of New York. His inarinv iviirk 
 in tlie Nortliwesl has lieen confined exclusively to llie .Stark Street lerry, 
 where he was in continuous service for eleven years, (hiring which lime he 
 rescued over a dozen persons from a watery grave. He left the ser. iie of 
 the ferry company in 1894 and with Albert Munger purchased the st.Miiier 
 Cyclone, which they operated on the I„a Camas route until she humeri 
 
 "J. A. Snyder, engineer, was horn in New York in 183.^ and li 1^ liiul 
 an experience of thirty-five years in the marine business. He coiiinu need 
 work in tlie Northwest on the steamer North Pacific in 1883 and has runilly 
 been engaged as chief engineer of the steam ferry-boat City of Seattle. 
 
 ^' Harry Harkins was born in Minnesota in i860. His first experience on the water was as i .ijjineer on the i'/. Pali:ck'm 
 1881. He was afterward on the Western Slope, Glide, Goliah, Favorite and Yakima as second engineer and chief. Ht- then 
 purchased a half ownership in the Rip Van Winkle, with which he ran as engineer for two years, and also bought an inltust in 
 the Wildwood, going witli her in the same capacity for two months. Both steamers were then sold, and Harkins, Capi. Jacob 
 Scoland and L. B. Perry built the Rainier. Leaving this steamer Harkins served as engineer of the tug I\fastick for a yeai ,iiid a 
 half, and then joined the tug Tyee, with which he has remained for the past five years. 
 
 "Capt. George Roberts arrived in Victoria in the fall of 1871 on the bark Prince of Wales, and left the vessel to commence 
 what has proven a highly successful career in Northwestern waters. He was first on the steamer A''o»'M Pacific early in 1S72, 
 
 CATT. <;i-.OB<iE KODERl'S 
 
 Bij .1 
 
British Columbia Transportation Companies, Unparalleled Number of Disastnra 
 
 323 
 
 STHA.MKR "KAlSltOW." H<}KMKHI.V " TkaSKK " 
 
 (iei"i;c E. Starr. Roberts' orders were to pay exclusive attention to the movements of the Anderson, to leave 
 port when she left, '.o stop when she stopped, and to carry passengers at half her rates, regardless of what those 
 rate- might be, respite this fierce opposition Captain Wright was keeping a little more than even, while the big 
 company was '.osing thousands of dollars chasing him, and it is uncertain what the result would have been had 
 not Collecto'. Beecher ended the strife by seizing the Anderson on the charge that she was carrying contraband 
 Chiiiameii. This action ruined 
 
 Wnnlit, and the steamer passed into " ' 'FTJ'sr.S^ 
 
 tiie li.mds of the Washington Steam- 
 boat Com])any. While the Sturr 
 and tlie Anderson were at war tlie 
 h'oilli Piuific and the < Vynipian were 
 .ilteriialing on the X'ictoria route. 
 The steamer /o.upliine, which ex- 
 ploded with such disastrous results 
 in 1SS3, was reliuilt and made her 
 trial trip March 24th, owned by 
 Mor.iii Hros., N. I,. Rogers and 
 James Duncan. The Washington 
 Slcambnat Company had practical 
 control of the Bellingliam Bay and 
 Skagit routes, and the Oregon Rail- 
 way & Navigation Company of the 
 Tacimia and Seattle and the Tacoma 
 and l)'iympia routes, also running 
 llie Cyf>sy between Tacoma and New Westminster and the Idaho to Sehome. The Nellie was in the Snohomish 
 trade, the Evangel on the Island route, the Siieeess, Captain Nugent, running to Blakely, the Afessenj;er, Captain 
 Parker, and the Zephyr, Captain Ballard, were operating I)etween Seattle and Olynipia. The Ga:el/e. Captain 
 l)lney, and the Phantom, Captain Hennesy, were running wherever business offered. 
 
 The Canadian Pacific Navigation Company encountered a spirited opposition in 1884, initiated by a new 
 factor in the transportation business, the People's Steam Navigation Company, incorporated May i, 1884, with 
 a capital stock of $100,000, divided into two thousand shares. The trustees were : J. H, Turner and H. S. Jones 
 of Victoria, J. M. Brown and P. .Sabiston of Nanaimo, and S. Bednall of Chemainus. The new company 
 purchased the old steamer Amelia, built in San Francisco in 1S63 for the vSacramento River trade. She was a 
 sidewheeler one hundred and forty-eight feet long, twenty-nine feet beam, and eight feet six inches hold, with 
 a lieam engine thirty-six by seventy-two inches. She arrived at Victoria, June 3d, and ten days later flew the 
 
 British flag after paying a duty of ten per 
 cent on the hull and twenty-five per cent on 
 the machinery. She commenced operation on 
 the Victoria and Nanaimo route with the 
 R. P. Rilhet as a competitor, and the fare 
 immediately dropjied to twenty-five cents for 
 the round trip. The battle was waged with 
 occasional lulls until July i, 1885, when the 
 Canadian Pacific Navigation Company were 
 granted twenty-five per cent of the gross 
 receipts and withdrew their steamers from 
 that trade. The Amelia was in command of 
 Captain McCuUoch and remained on the route 
 lor about two years. In July, 18.S9. she was 
 sold at auction to Capt. J. G. Cox and a year 
 later passed into the hands of the Canadian 
 Pacific Navigation Company, with whom .she ended her days. Captain Cavin was her last master. Capt. William 
 Moore, who had been conquered but not subdued in his former steauil)oat ventures, launched the fine propeller 
 'rra.ivT at Victoria in i,S,S4, intending her for the New Westminster run, but he became financially involved the 
 following year, and the Teaicr steamed away to Petropaulovski. As the steamer was obliged to stop for fuel, 
 
 beginning ou deck, and continued with her and other Sound steamers until 1875, when he was for a short time mate on the propeller 
 Cali' nnia. After leaving this vessel he served as mate and pilot on various Sound steamers until 1883, when, in company with 
 Robiit Irving, J. C. Cox and Thomas Grant, he built the steamer Bob Irving, of which he was master for a short time, but soon sold 
 out ,inrl took command of the George E. Starr in 1884. He afterward had charge of the North Pacific and the Olympian, having 
 been master of the latter vessel during the last three years she was in service on the Sound. When the Puget Sound & Alaska 
 Sieni;>;hip Company brought out the splendid steamer 0'/>' 0/ A'/H^i^o/i, Captain Roberts was given command, and remained in 
 char;;c until 1895, when he purchased the steamer Witlapa, which he is now operating between Puget Sound and Alaska. 
 
 .\Mt-Hic.\N snti' '■Til. I. IK I-;, siAum't-K" 
 
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 iiil' 
 
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 I if 
 
 i; 1 
 
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:)24 
 
 lewis <f Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northmst 
 
 CAlT. John u'ilHiKN 
 
 Dcpiily SlicrifT Cullibert, wlio was sent to sci/.c her, sm-cceded in ovcrlmnlitiK lier nt ToiiBtts, and shr was 
 
 bron^rht Imck to X'ictoria ami sold at niortKnRec's sale Jannary ii, 1HS6, to Ca|)t. O. VV. Cavin forjfls.Si" In 
 
 1HS7 she was tcnKtht-ncil twunty-one feet, iinil wlii'ii shu anain L-nlert'd service was christened the /uihihi;,-, 
 
 The Mftmniil, a sidewhccler ninety-three feel lon^f, seventeen feet heani, and five and one-half feit IkiIiI, 
 
 was lannclied at Victoria, May list, for the Hastin^;s Sawmill Company at Hnrrard's Inlet. The steamers l.fiiin,! 
 
 and Hi/Ill were set afloat at New Westminster and used in the towing service. At Revelstoke, on the Colinnliia 
 
 River, the /hs/>alcli, a small catamaran steamer, was luiilt l>y J. Fred Hume '' and 
 
 associates for service on the upiKT Colnmhia and Arrow Lakes. The Conboo <niii 
 
 J'ly was relieved of her machinery and fitted up as a liar^e, to he used as a tender 
 
 to .S'/i/v(//'.t Ark. The steamships rnnning ic'Kularly or making occasional trips 
 
 to Victoria and Pu^et Sound in i.s,S4 were the A/cxiro. Captain HnntiiiKton ; 
 
 (iivri^r //'. A7(/(V, Captain Hayward ; (?«(r« c/' ///<■ /'((///V, Captains Ingalls and 
 
 Hunter ; Santa Cm::, Captain Gage ; IVilmingloii, Captain lil.ackhurn ; and 
 
 Empire, Captain Hutler, the latter steamer Koing on in August in opposition to 
 
 the Pacific Coast Steamship Company, who had previously adjusted matters with 
 
 the Wilmitifilou. The steamer .SV. /'</«/, Captain l^rskine, also called at Victoria 
 
 on her Alaska trips from San Francisco. The Idnlio on the Alaska route was 
 
 replaced in July hy the .hiron. Captain Carroll. The colliers /ianinn/ Casllc, 
 
 Cajitain Colvin ; WcHingtoii, Captain Young; lVil/iniictU\ Captain Holmes; 
 
 W'dlla W'al/a, Captain Sinnnons ; and I'liuttilla, Captain Worth, were al.so in the 
 
 Nanaimo and Seattle coal trade. The latter met with a .serious accident Fehruary 
 
 (jtli, striking on Flattery Rocks near the entrance to the straits during a blinding 
 
 snowstorm. ,She commenced to fill rapidly, and the cajitain and crew left her. 
 
 Second Officer Greenleaf got away with the first boatload, and the captain a' 'he 
 
 rest, with the exception of I'irst Officer O'Rrien and sailors Hanlin and lardness, followed in the seojiul. 
 
 The three mentioned left on a light raft, lost sight of the captain's boat before a landing had been made, an(i tliin 
 
 returned to the ship. On boarding her they set the head sails, getting her off shore, and at 7:i>o i'. m. tlie 
 
 steamshij) ll'e//iii,i;h»i. for San Franci.sco from Departure Day, lowed 
 ■ '■•■ - her into ICsiiuinialt Harbor, where .she .sank in deep water the iiixt 
 
 morning. The steamer was afterward raised, found to be compar- 
 atively uninjured, and is still in .service. An investigation was lielil 
 at Seattle by Inspectors Morgan and Hinckley, who exoniratuil 
 Capt. Frank Worth from all blame, as the testimony showed tli;it ii 
 very strong northerly current prevailed during the thick weallicr, 
 .setting the vessel on the rocks in spite of any precaution that could 
 have been taken. The inspectors' rei)ort highly commended V'n>l 
 Officer John O'lirien for his bravery in bringing the / 'imi/Mi into 
 port. Whitelaw raised the steamer with but little difficulty, but she 
 remained in I'^scpiimalt nearly a year before the insurance was 
 adjusted. Capt. Frank Holmes then took her to San Franci.sco. 
 
 The Oregon Pacific Railroad, which had connnenced oper;itions 
 at Vaquina Bay, brought the steamship )'a<iuhitt CV/)' to the Pacific 
 Coast early in i8,S4 and commenced operating her between S.,n 
 Franci.sco and the Oregon ports in connection with their raihoad. 
 The steamer was an old-timer in the gulf trade on the eastern coast, 
 where she ran under the name Wrs/rni Vexas. She was wrecked at 
 Vaquina Bay in 1,887. The most important arrival among the sailing 
 fleet in 1.S84 was the 7'i7//c E. Slarbiuk, the first iron ship Iniill in 
 America. The Starbuck was the first and only sailing vessel ion- 
 structed by John Roach. She is a magnificent craft of i,<),ii tons net 
 register, carrying 3,000 tons of freight, and was intended especially 
 
 for the North Pacific trade. She arrived at Astoria, January loth, with a million-dollar cargo, incliidins 
 
 twenty-two locomotives for the Northern Pacific Railroad and the immense Kalania Ferry. William Roger-, her 
 
 first master, was succeeded by Capt. Eben Curtis,"' who has since made six voyages to the Pacific Coast, une to 
 
 India, and one to Japan. The Slarbuck is a fast sailer and in every way a credit to the flag she flies. SIk was 
 
 the largest of the Columbia River grain fleet in 1884, the smallest being the British bark Osaka, 537 tons. 
 
 CAi'T. John Saiiiston, jk. 
 
 '■'J. Fred Hume of Nelson, B. C, has been interested in steamers on the upper Coluuibia and Lakes for several ye.iis. He 
 was one of the original owners of the steamer /)es/>alrli, and a stockholder in the Colnmhia it Kootenai Company at the linn "Tils 
 organization. He is at present proprietor of the W. Hunter, the first steamer h dlt on Slocan Lake. 
 
 "Capt. Kheu Curtis was horu in Sea, sport, Mc , in 1S49, coniuieiiced his marine career in 1S55, and has since sailed ill over 
 the world, having been a master for twenty years. He took command of the Titlic E. Slurhuik in iS.Sj and has since rii i iiicil 
 with her. 
 
British llolumbin Transport;)! ion Cnmpnniun, Unpnr:illr/e<l Number of Disasti'm 
 
 32,S 
 
 Til' llfct incliided forly-lwo Uritisli Imrk.s anil twenty-three ships, fourteen Ami'ricnn shipji unit lour Imrks, (ino 
 N'diwcKian mul two (liTnian barks. I-'ortysix of these vessels were over \.'«*i tons register, twenty-six over 
 i,..o, sixteen over 1,400, anil two over i.Soo. 
 
 Pngel Somiil anil Hritisli Colnnibia marine commerce hail reaeheil immense proportions, and in the fiscal 
 ycai ending June ,v>, 1HH4, eighteen hundred mid si'iy-ninc vessels, with a total tonna>;e of over one million tons, 
 passed Tatoosh IjKht. Included in this luimlier wire two liundred and seventy-nine ships, six hundred and one 
 liaiks, twenty-three bri^s, four hundred and fourteen schoonirs, five hundred and forty-four steamers, and ei^ht 
 sloiips. The fleet kept tile tnjjs exieedinnly busy, and all of the old pilots and several new ones found 
 ciiiployinent. An, mg the latter was Capt. John Sabiston, Jr.,'" who received a deep-water pilot's license for the 
 Naiiainio pilotayje district. The .schooner (iiii,-ni/ /Unuiiiifr was ensaKed for n few months in the local trade 
 litlueen Astoria and Gray's Harbor but was withdrawn March 17th on account of lack of business. Anions the 
 sail uiK vessels built in 1.SS4 were the schooner /,/::/(■ /'liiii, ninety tons, at Parkersbur^, Or., and the /<iiiil\\ 
 tHvnty-two tons, at Deception Pass, Wash. The Cu ur d'Alene Transportation Company, orKani/ed in i.s.s^, 
 completed their steamer Otiii 1/ '. l/fiie, Iht: finest slernwheeler yet built .so far inland. She was handled by 
 Captain Sanborn and Kngineer Henry Pape, and enjoyed a highly lucrative trade for .several years. Captain 
 Saiiliorn sold the steamer to the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, and a few years ago replaced her with the 
 l,(\ni>ic Oaki;:, one of the fastest sternwheelers in the Northwest. The house and ui)per works of the diiii 
 (/'.//(//(• were used on the f'uXv.v, and the hull was converted into a barge. Captain Sanborn commanded the 
 sleainer nearly all the time she was in .ser- 
 vice, and Captains (leorge Reynolds'' and „. 
 William Nisbet were also engaged on her, 
 while Fred Hell, James Kent, V. F. Wilson 
 and several others succeeded Henry Pape as 
 iiifiinccr. Post Tr.ider King at Fort Ciuur 
 d'Alene was the owner of the steamer (iciinal 
 Slii'niiaii, l)uilt by Captain Sorenson for the 
 lake trade. The Slicniian was a small i)ni- 
 pullir, eiiuipped with a Westingliou.se engine. 
 -ilic is still in service on the lake, and is at 
 ' sent owned by Captain .Sanborn, who 
 operates her as a towboat. 
 
 The year 1S84 was a fortunate one for 
 the Northwestern fleet, and wrecks were few. 
 Tlie only one of much importance was the 
 .\iiierican bark l.i:~ic A/uisliall, 4,^4 tons, 
 lust on Hoiiilla Point, Vancouver Island, Feb- 
 ruary 22d. The vessel was fourteen days out 
 fniiii San Francisco when she first sighted 
 Cape Flattery, but was driven offshore twice. 
 Coming in the third time the cape was sighted 
 for a momeiil, but a fog set in and the wind died out, leaving the ve.s.sel without steerage way. No foghorn was 
 Koiiig at Tatoosh, and a heavy swell running off the coast, together with the tide, .set the ves.sel toward lionilla 
 I'oiiit. Hoth anchors were dropped in twenty fathoms of water on the morning of F'ebruary 21st and a boat with 
 
 " dipt John Siil)istoii, Jr., of Victoria, U. C, is iiislinctivuly a mariner, his fatliur Ijeiii^ a veteran iiaviKator. He was l)nni 
 ill r.ritisli Colinnl}ia in 185^^ and has l)een in the marine 1)nsiiiess for twenty-five year.s, having l)e^nn in i>Sf)9 jis an apprentice jjilot 
 ciii vessels rnnniii).; l)elween Nanrinio anil San Traiicisco, on which ronte he serveil for several years, anil in 1S70 made a Irij) 
 to l.imilon. After "learning tile ropes" as a pilot, he was master of the )f';«(/(/v;, of which he was owner, until iSS4, when he 
 recL-iveil his first pilot's license. He has followeil this calling ever since in what is known as the Naiiainio Pilolaj^e District. In 
 i'<7;, when the f>>ii;;i,v .S'. U'riglil was lost, Captain Sahiston was at Discovery l'assa);c, aliout one hnnilreil miles from the scene 
 of llie ilis.'ister. While there a nnmher of Inilians came np in canoes and said that they had just come from the lost ship, and were 
 al 111 si disposed to tell all they knew ahont it. I'nfortnnately there was a Ilclirew tr.ader named Levy in company with Captain 
 SaliKion, who ipiestioneil the Indians so eagerly that they became snspicious before relatiiif; anytliint; of importance and rcfnsed to 
 j^ivi* any fnrther information. Had Captain Sahiston been given an opportnnity to interrogate the Indians cantionsly, he nii^lit 
 liavi- gained information which wonld have been of great valne in clearing up that mystery. When the anthorities arrested the 
 lnili;iiis they stnbbornly refused to talk and were finally released. Captain Sabiston was on the A'<iiiiii/i<s when she j;rounded on a 
 roi-k in I'ortier Pass, Alarcii ,^0, 1S93. .\ bi^ hole was made in her bow. which immediately filled with water, but no other serious 
 ilaiuMK'e resulted, and after a stay oi' five hours on the rock she was Moated and ran into Ivsiinimali Harbor for repairs. He was 
 pilnl on the steamer .S'jM J/ii/('ij when she was damaged by a coal-^as explosion, October 29, 1S93, in Semiahmoo Hay. One man 
 Mas lilown overboard, two wjre badly burned, Init none lost. He was also pilot on the lliiirainuta jnst before she was damaged in a 
 similar manner on .\ugiist 27, 1893. Hoth e.xplosions were caused by takinv; lighted candles into the hold. Aside from these slight 
 aciilents, none of the vessels in Captain Sabiston's charge have ever been injured. 
 
 •■'Capt. George Reynolds w.as born in Maine in iS53 and at the ajje of seventeen began sailiiif; in the coasliuf; trade between 
 Ntv York and southern ports. In 1.S73 he shipped on the bark (iciirral />'iit/fi- al llaltimore and came to San l'"rancisco, goinj; 
 from there to I'uget .Sound and back again on the barkentiue Ifi-bt'oot. He then went to Portland on the schooner l>iriulihiii!;lit, 
 and 'in arrival began steanihoatin^on the bonanza as deckhand. He soon afterward commenced running as mate with Captain (lore 
 ami ill due se.ison was (jiven command of the steamer Cliajii/'ion. He also had charge of the Willamette River steamers Orinit and 
 ('iv;7c);/, leaving tile Willamette about iS,SS to go to Cii'ur d'.Vlene I,ake, where he has since rnti the steamers ('/('«;• (/',7/i7;c, 
 l\''.K'fiiai, Gi'iiria/ Slieiiiian ami SI. Joe, still having coinmand of the latter. 
 
 Stkamkk ' CiI I k i>'Ai.i:nk 
 
 •i'v 
 
 '■•- 
 
 ' ■ : 
 
m 
 
 t t 
 
 326 
 
 Lewi's cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 m 
 
 four men dispatched to Neah Bay for assistance. A heavy southwest gale started the vessel to dragging', ami 
 though the masts were cut away they could not save her. Hoth cables parted, and she struck broadside (111 and 
 broke in pieces in a few minutes. The stern of the bark from the miz/.enmast aft held together and was jaiimied 
 between two rocks inside the reef, forming a bridge over whicli the crew reached the rocks and from thtiii went 
 ashore. A German sailor named Hibler lost his life in attempting to save his clothes. Mrs. Adolpli licv^man, 
 wife of the captain, was badly bruised by being thrown against the rocks, but her injuries did not result .sericjiisly. 
 The I.izr.ie Marshall was built on the Sacramento River in 1S76 and was originally owned by Prescott & Marshall 
 and Capt. Henry Dahler, who was her first master. The tug Sol Thomas, Capt. James Hill, exploded her boiler 
 at Empire City while starting from (he dock with a vessel in tow. All of the crew with the e.xcei)tioii tif tlie 
 captain were instantly killed. The latter was blown aft and fell on a coil of haw.ser, e.scaping without serious 
 injury. The bodies of George Wadleigh, engineer, Lewis Depew, deckhand, and Tuff, fireman, were reccvL-red, 
 but no trace was ever found of Graham, the mate, or the cook. 
 
 Other deaths in 1884 were Capt. William Spring, a resident of Vancouver I.'-land since 1S55. at Victori.i, 
 March 25th, aged fifty-three years; Capt. L. H. Drinkwater, a well known steamship master and mate in the 
 employ of the Oregon Railway & Navigatio;' and Oregon Steam.ship companies, at San Francisco, October j;,d, 
 aged sixty-three years: Hben White-, an old-lime purser on east coast steamers, at Victoria, June i6th, aged {m\.\ 
 years; Capt. Charles Callahan, formerly of the ships Slorm h'iiii; and Chaniier. washed from the deck of the 
 steamship Willamette on the Columbia River bar, December 9th ; and Captain Nelson of the American bark lilln 
 S. Thayer, drowned in the Willamette at Weidler's ?.ni;.n, Portland, September 24th. 
 
 f. S. CKl'lSKRS " HAI.TI-.lliRK " \NI' " Cll ARLK?, 1 (IN ■ IN roKTLANK IlAKllUK 
 
 ,A A 
 
CHyVPTHR XVI. 
 
 Ni:\\ Sthamhrs on Uritish Coli-mhia Lakks and Rivkrs — The " Kootenai"— Willamettk Steamhoat 
 Company — Sjiai.i, Steajikrs on I'ickt Sound and the Coi.umhia— Revenue Cutter "Richard 
 RiSH " — Coi.uMHiA River Grain Fleet — Wreck oe the " Ahhey Cowper " and " Dewa 
 Gungadhar "— The "Dolphin" and " Rosie Oi.sen"— The Orec.on Development Company's 
 Steamers "Three Sisters" and " N. S. Bentlev"— The "Fleetwood" Goes to PuciicT 
 Sor.ND— Tic. " Moc'.iL " — The " Yikon " and Her Rkmarkahle Trip to Alaska — The 
 Stkrnwheelhr "Alaskan"— The " Manzanita "— The Kootenai Lake Steamers "Spokane" 
 and " Madi'.e "—Steamer " I, eo "—Canadian Pacific Railway's First Tea Shipment— Great 
 I.oss OE Life and Property hy Shipwreck — Steamship " Beda " F'ounders — Mvsteriois 
 Disappearance OK the Bark "Sierra Nevada" — Wreck oe the "John Roseneeld," "Kitsap," 
 " W. H. Besse," Steamship "Barnard Castle," "Sir Jamsetji:e Family," " Carmarthan 
 Castle," " Ivlla S. Thayer," ' Lilly Grace," " Harvey Mills," " Trcstee " and " Belvideke " 
 — Burning of Tusi "Wehfoot." 
 
 lIvA\'V traffic on the interior waters of the Northwest was a noticeable feature of 
 the advent of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and, temporarily, steamboat building on 
 the upper Columbia and lake regions of British Columbia experienced a boouL several 
 fine steamers being built. The best known of these was the k'ook-nai, launched at 
 Little Dalles, April 27, 1885, for Henderson ix. McCartney, railroad ronliurtors, to be 
 used in transporting supplies for their work. She made her trial trip May jlh in 
 charge of A. L. Pingstone, captain, John Chamberlain, first officer, W. H. Coates, 
 engineer, L. Johnson, second engineer, and L. H Burton, purser. The k'ooldiai was 
 one hundred and forty feet long, twenty-five feet l)eani, and five feet hold, with engines 
 from the Clark's F'ork steamer A'n/ir llaiUtt, fourteen by . ixty inches. She was 
 operated by iier original owneri until the road was completed, and afterward came into 
 
 till- |i()sscrtsion of Lhe Columbia 
 
 ^S: Kootenai Steam Navigation 
 
 Ciiinpany, in whose service she 
 
 Is still engaged. The steamer 
 
 was iilaced under the British 
 
 ll.ii; in iSSfi, and is at pres- 
 
 I'lit commanded by William 
 
 N'isbet.' On Lake Kamloops 
 
 a fine sternwheeler. christened 
 
 ill liuiior of that body of water, 
 
 was built by Watson of \'ic- 
 
 toii.i for J. A. Mara & Co. to 
 
 run between Van Horn and 
 
 I{ai;k- Pass. The h'nmloof>s 
 
 was (iiie hundred and tweiity- 
 
 sevtM feet long, twenty-eight 
 
 ftit lieam, and eipiipped with 
 
 inaihiiiery from the steamer 
 
 M}i I. She commenced Sti-amirs "Lvtton." 'CmiMniA" and "Kivitknai' at Rotisom. n.c, 
 
 ' C:»pl. WilliiUM Nislu't commenced st(.*:niih():itin^ in the Northwest on Lake Cii'nr il'.XU'ne ahonl rSS4. st'tviiiK as inaU*. pihil 
 M\'\ nasU'r on several of the lake steamers. He was for a long lime on the A'liii/i-iiiii anil Cuiii <!' .Ilriii- anil left lhe lake lo lake a 
 posi, on wilh lhe Colnmliia >S; Kootenai Sleain iN'avigatioii Company, where he was engaged as pilot vvilh Capl. John C Ciore on lhe 
 ste, liners Cohtmhiti anil i.ytton, anil in iSys was given conunaiul of the steamer A'oi'/intii. 
 
 . mi 
 
 ilii 
 
 
 I? 1 
 
 n 
 
328 
 
 Lewis c? Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 running in April. In November Mara's fleet was increased by the sternwheeler Peerless, one liundnd and 
 thirty-one feet long, twenty-five feet beam, and four feet six inches hold. T\\e Skii'sy, the second stear.iLr of 
 that name, was built on Lake Kamloops in 1885 by J. F. T. Mitchell, who completed her in forty-four days. 
 She was one hundred and forty feet long, twenty-eight feet beam, four feet six inches hold, with engines fourleen 
 by fifty-four inches. The Lady Dufferin, a small sidewheeler, also appeared on the lake. The propeller Hahv 
 
 was built at Victoria for K. J. I'idcock of Comox. She was stvciity- 
 five feet long, fourteen feet six inches beam, and was first in coiuniaiicl 
 of Capt. John W. Glaholra.' The People's Navigation line aftirward 
 chartered her for the east coast route, and in 1S86 she was punliascd 
 by Croft & Angus of Chemainus. 
 
 Two vigorous steamboat wars, which had been prolonged for 
 .several months, came to an end in 1885. The Canadian Pacific Nav- 
 igation Company witlidrew from the east coast route in consideration 
 of twenty-five per cent of the gro.ss receipts from the business handled 
 by the People's Navigation line. The liliza .hidtisoii, wliieli had 
 withstood all efforts to remove her from the route, was seized by 
 Collector Beecher of Port Town.send, charged with carrying contra- 
 band Chinamen. Wright was ruined and the opposition ended, Init 
 the cliarge was never proven. In May the Xoil/i /\ui/'ii- broke lier 
 walking-beam and cylinder and was otherwise damaged to the e.xteiit 
 _ of about jS^o.odo. and the Olympian, which had retiirnt.'d from ,San 
 
 ' Franei.sco, at once commenced making a daily round trip 1)et\veen 
 Victoria and Tacoma. In September the Cariboo and I'ly, after a few 
 months' service as a barge, was again converted into a steamer, Tlie 
 Maude was also refitted with machinery, making her trial trip .Sep- 
 
 ■^ tember 28th. Puget Sound's steamer J'/iaiitoin, after several years' 
 
 1^ .service on those waters, assumed the Hritisb colors in i.s.Ss. The 
 
 Canadian Pacific Navigation Comiiany's steamers l\itUrhrisi and 
 A'. /'. Rilliet, on the Victoria and New Westminster route, colhded, 
 
 July 28th, off Ten Mile Point, and the linlerprise was so badly injured 
 
 that the hull was .stripped and abandoned. She was in charge of 
 
 Captain Rudlin and Engineer Maclver, and the Rilliet was commanded 
 
 by Captain Insley and Engineer David Kennedy. The Rilliet struck 
 
 the linlerprise on the port bow and cut through her side almost to the 
 
 wheel-house. Captain Insley's license was suspended becau.se he had 
 
 allowed a greenhand in the pilot-house. 
 
 Business on the various Puget .Sound routes in 1885 was handled 
 
 by the following steamers: On the Victoria route — Olympian and A'ortli 
 
 Pacifie, CaiHain Wilson ; liliza Anderson. Captain Wright ; (ieoixe li. 
 
 Starr, Captain Roberts. Whatcom route — \V. /•'. Munroe, Captain 
 
 Brownfield ; lVasliini;lon, Capt. Sam Jack.son ; Idaho, Captain Green. 
 
 Olympia route — (('. K. Meruin, Captain Munroe ; Messen^^er, Captain 
 
 Parker; W'ildnood, Captain Jordi.son. Snohomish route — Josephine. 
 
 Capt. N. L. Rogers; Nellie, Capt. Charles I,ow. Skagit River route — 
 
 ('ity of Oiiiney, Captain Denny; Glide. Captain Gove. The .Sneeess, 
 
 Captain Nugent, was running between Seattle and Port Hlakely ; the 
 
 Lone Fisherman, Captain Willey, on Hood's Canal ; the Zephyr, Captain 
 
 Wood, 'and limma Ifay.eard, Captain Ball, between Seattle and Tacoma : 
 
 the Helen, Capt. W. H. Ellis, to Port Orchard ; the Phantom, Captain 
 
 Hennessey, and the /. /?. I.ibby, Capt. W. F. Munroe, to Seabeck and 
 
 Port Gamble. The lii-ani^el was on the island route in command of 
 
 H. F. Beecher, who, when he was appointed collector of customs, was 
 
 succeeded by Harry Lott. Beecher turned his mail contract over to A. O. Benjamin of the steamer A' '>//,;, 
 
 The small steamer Pearl, built by J, Theo. Lohr, was .sold by the United States marshal to .\. J, Eduirds, 
 
 I'T. Ai.kxamu:k Woor' 
 
 -Capt. John \V. Olaholm of Namiimo, H. C, was born in KnKland in 1853 and went to sea ai tlie an'' of sixlecMi. II: 
 vessel was llie hrij^ Edith Mary. On arrival in llie Northwest Ins initial work was on the ste.'itner .■tme/iii. running Itelwcen N' 
 and Nanainio. He was afterward master of the steamers I'nneess l.nHi.^e and .Sit Joote-i lh<iti:/ii^. \)\ln[ on the /sliindir, i 
 and Chiirnter, and is now a re^jnlarly lieensed pilot of deep-water vessels in the Nanaimo ilislriet, 
 
 'Capt, Alexander Wood, a native ofOlynipia, Wash., has been steandmalinn on Ihc .Sonnd for twenty years, connnen- 
 I S75 on the steamer .lutiir .S'/crci///, rnnnin^ between Port Townsend and Olympia. He was afterward en>;a^ed on the •' 
 /f^/i/m. KoinK from her to the Afessenger. Since that time he has had charge of a lar^e nnnd)er of well known steamer-. 
 inland sea. 
 
 first 
 ioria 
 itttff 
 
 lllRT 
 
 tlie 
 
New Steamers on Interior Waters, Tremendous Losses by Marine Disasters 
 
 Cait. W. 11. I'OI'K 
 
 The marshSl also disposed of the schooner Carrie fl. Lake to F. M. Wald for 5i,ioo, and she was afterward 
 purchased by the Portland Deep-sea Fishing Company. The steamer Kmma I/i(»ie, constructed at Astoria, 
 was bought by J. McKenna, Charles Mott and others for a tender to the whaling fleet, and was renamed 
 the Alliance, February 12th. 
 
 Ocean steamships plying north were the same as in 18X4. Tlie Wilmiiii^ton, which Frank Harnard had 
 liecii operating as an opposition steamer, was withdrawn in August. The Queen, Captain Alexander ; Mexico, 
 Captain Huntington ; George W. Elder, Captain Ackley ; Idalio and Ancon, Captain Carroll ; l-.mf>irc, Cajjtain 
 Butltr : and . // A7, Captain Gage, were all on the routes north of the Columbia River. Duiismnir was al.so 
 
 operating the colliers Wellington, Captain Young, and liarnard Caslle, Captain 
 Smith. The Sardonyx, Captain Bnckuian, returned from Hongkong in May and 
 made a few trips in the northern trade. The tramp steamer F.iiphrales, Captain 
 Mitchell, arrived at Burrard's Inlet in March with a cargo of rails. The I'malilla, 
 
 4 after lying in Fsquimalt for a year awaiting a settlement with the insurance 
 
 companies, was taken to San Francisco in the fall by Captain Holmes. The 
 steamship Arago, a handsome little propeller, was launched in March at the 
 Union Iron Works, San Francisco, for the Coos Hay coal trade. She was two 
 hundred and .seven feet long, thirty feet beam, si.xteen feet hold, with engines 
 twenty-two and forty-four by thirty-four inclus. 
 The Willamette Steamboat Company was incorporated at Portland, May 
 14, 1.SH5, by S. G. Reed, H. W'. Winch and W. H. Pope, and built the steamer 
 Multnomah for the Oregon City route. She was one hundred and forty-three feet 
 long, twenty-eight feet beam, and five feet three inches hold, with engines sixteen 
 by seventy-two inches. On her trial trip she made the run from Portland to the 
 mouth of the Willamette River in forty-four minutes. The Miiltnonnili ran on 
 the Oregon City route a short time in charge of Capt. W. H. Pope,' and was 
 then placed on the run to the Cascades in command of Capt. .\rcbie Pease. 
 I'ope and Winch operated the steamer until 18S7, when she was chartered by the Oregon Railway i\: Navigation 
 Comiiany and in i8Sy sold to parties at Olympia. She was taken round in .\ugusl by Capt, W. P. Wliitcoud). 
 James Staidey, her first engineer, going with her and still remaining 
 in charge. John Davidson •'■ was also engineer on the steamer for a 
 short time after she left the Columbia. Since reaching the vSonnd she 
 has been in constant service, running most of the time on the Seattle 
 and Olympia route. The Multnomah was one of the most economical 
 steamers for her si/e that had yet been built, and when new was very 
 fast, van(|uishing nearly everything of her class on the ri\er. The 
 steam ferry-boat liliza /.add was sold to Capt. Thomas Callahan and 
 Michael O'Xeil. Her new owners rebuilt her as a stern wheel .scow 
 and under the name J/argey operated her in the freighting business 
 inilil 1890, wdien she was bought by Hall i!t Myrick of Seattle, who 
 in turn disposed of her to Stetson iS: Post, She is still in .service on 
 tlie Sound and is owned by .\. O. Pcnjaniin of Seattle. 
 
 The propeller fleet on the Willamette was increased by the 
 /. A'. .Slefthens, built for the Stark Street I'erry Company and handled 
 l)y \V. H. Rol>ertson ; the . Il/'any. constructed at Portland for Charles 
 Mi)nlieth, with (V'orge I'lwry, master ; the /ndustiv at blast Portland 
 
 'C.ipl. W. II. I'ope was liorn in Ni-w Viirk City in 1S40 and arrivnl al 
 ilre:4(ni City with liis parcius on llif bark CkIiiiiii in [.S51. Ilis lin)tlier, Capt. 
 Cliarlts W. I'oiio. w.'is !i well known steanihoatnian in early ilays. Ca])tain Tojiu 
 viiiianeil in mercantile pnrsnits al Orej^on Cit\' for several years anil on llie 
 urnaniz.ilion of tlie Willamette Sleainhoat Com]iany commenceil rnnniiiH on 
 tlu-ir steamers. When the comjiany relireil from business Captain Pope entered 
 the employ of tlur Oregon Railwav iS; Navi^jation Comi)any jind commamled 
 -evi lal of their steamers between I'lirlland and .Astoria nntil i.Siji. when he was 
 ajipt, lined branch i>ilot for the Willamette and Columbia rivers, where he has since been enj.;a;;ed in li.iniUin^ ilee]i-\v.'iter vessels. 
 
 *Jolin Davidson, enyineer, was born in New York in i.s^j .and ctnnmenceil his m.irine career at the a;;e of se\'i*nlcen on the 
 N'l.c'.na River steamer //«(//«(■. He then entered the naval service as machinist on the t'niled Slates steamship //<////!»/</. and 
 "11 this vessel and her comjiaiiion ships, the /;'.(.« i', .llcii and Jiiiiiitla. he remaiiieil four years, Iraversin;; a distance of ijh.ss I 
 mill'. He was on the I'ssex al the time she was sent to the .Marshall Islands to rescue the crew of llie siii|> /\'(;(/"Vr, of which 
 Ci) 'liii Humphrev. at present a well known Pacific Co.ast inarine man. was an olVicer. .\ller leaving the iiav>. Mr. D.ividsoii 
 niDnied to New York, but c.iiiie back to the Coast in 1.SS7 and joined the I'nited .Slates steamer . If/>.i/):i<s, willi which he went to 
 Hei mi; , Sea on a scientific cruise in the interest of the I'Mslieries I lepartnienl. .After leaving the . ///'(///vw he joiiUMl ihe steamer 
 ''/ ■ I' on Pnv;et Sonnd, reinaininj; with her for eighteen moiilhs and then K'>inK to the steam schomier l','iii/ . htiiii. lie was also 
 on ''le Mtiltttotnah on the Seattle .nid Olympia run for a short time and then went to Portland, where he serveil as chief engineer 
 ill ''.I- employ of the Ilowers DrcdKinj; Company for a year. He has ,ilso owneil and operated a small steamer al Catalina Island. 
 .Al ptcsenl he <iwns several valnalile patents in connection with dred^inj.; maeliiiiery, and is the inveiilor of the I>a\ idsoii Steam 
 I'm i|i, from which he receives a good royally, his oilier patents also proving reiininerative. When not at sea Mr. Daviilson resiiles 
 ill ^ ni I'rancisco. 
 
 Joli.s Il.\\ll>^ 
 
 ii: 
 
 i i 
 
 1 1 ' 
 
33° 
 
 Lewis c? Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific l\lortfiwest 
 
 ; (I 
 
 i'i 
 
 Ik 
 
 
 
 for Capt. Andrew Dempsey ; the U/ir/c Richard at Portland for Floyd & Brown, M. A. Ilackett, master; the 
 Rowoia for W. B. Hampson ; the Polaris {m F. W. Molson ; the Marion for Kugene Taggert ; and the '/i'/>>i at 
 Corvallis for Kemp Bros. & Wheeler, Robert Copely, master. At Astoria William Rehfield completed the stiiuiier 
 fiiiprovemenl, afterward owned by John Pickernell, Max Skibbe and others. The steam lannch /Vim rod was Imill 
 at Marshfield by H. R. Reed, and the /■:. 7". /ia/tii at vSouth Bend. On 
 the Sound the steamers /uoiiomy and Eslclla were built at Tacoraa, 
 Capt. J. A. Williams ' owning and operating the latter ves.sel. The 
 revenue cutter Ricliard Riisli, the second to bear this name, was con- 
 structed by Hall Brothers and launched August 22A. Her dimensions 
 are : length, one hundred and sixty-one feet ; beam, twenty-five feet ; 
 depth of hold, fourteen feet. The schooner (.iiin. one hundred and six 
 feet long, three feet beam, and .seven feet hold, was set afloat at 
 Parkersburg, and H. R. Reed launched the schooners (//<■«, /\ikola 
 and VikiitiT aX. Marshfield. William Cro.sswaite, who had built the 
 Ne7v ) ('/'/'the previous year, completed the propeller Mitliii;aii at Port- 
 land. She was sixty-two feet long, thirteen feet eight inches beam. 
 six feet five inches hold. The steamer Ma was launched at Skookuni 
 and the propeller Seal at Sitka, Alaska. The steam .schooner nolpliiii 
 was constructed at Victoria by J. D. Warren, who .sent her on a seal- 
 ing expedition to Bering Sea, where she was one of the first Canadian 
 sealers .seized by the United States Government. William Beynon had 
 charge of her for a short time, with William Warren," engineer. After 
 her seizure she was condenuied and sold to Capt. William Olsen, who 
 rechristened her the l.oiiii Olscii and operated her as a sealer. She 
 was also used for a short time as a pilot .schooner by the opposition 
 pilots off the mouth of the Columbia. Further mention of the craft 
 will be found in the chapter devoted to the sealing business. The 
 total number of steamers in the Victoria district in 1885 was sixty-two, 
 with a gross tonnage of 12,338. Six new ones were added to the fleet this year, and four were condemned. The 
 steamer Pilot was l)ought from the British Columbia Towing Company by R. Dunsmuir for $35,000. Caviii and 
 
 Urquhart were her first captains under the new ownership, and liuller ' 
 Bendrodt" and Cliristiansen also .served as masters. The I)ark Isabc! 
 arrived at Tacoma, August i6th, with 1,9118,77;, pounds of tea, llic first 
 cargo of this nature to arrive on the vSonnd. Capt. Henry Morg;iii was 
 
 O succeeded as inspector of hulls in the Puget Sound district h\ Capt. 
 W. J. Bryant.* 
 The entrance to the Columbia River since the days of Capt. Kcihurl 
 _ _ I Gray and his ship Columbia had always caused more or less trouble for 
 
 Cat't. Jami:s E. nt'TLl-:!* 
 
 ' Ca])l. J. \. Williams of Si.'IIUlt, Wash., w.is born in Illinois in rS54 aii'l l),is 
 been engaged in the uiarinL' business for abinil ten years, llis first venlnre in llic 
 Nortliwesl was the yacht ( 'nhn. built at Tort Townseml. .\fter rnnninj; her a year 
 he coustrucled the steamer hlstillo for the Tacoma anil Ilenilcrson Hay roulr. mv\ 
 was next on the .Ut'sstniit'r iis master and pilot, bolilin^ .1 similar jiosition on llit- 
 (Jfiirks/r/>. Ho aflerwanl assisted in the construction of the steamer />t's M'intt\ 
 which he commanded for two years, retiring from the water in 1890. 
 
 'William Warren, engineer, of I.angley, I!. C , a son of Ca])l. J. Ii. W.imii, 
 was born in \'ictoria in 1.S6S. His first marine exjierience \\as on the steam '.i-ii'tonci 
 (•'rtur as tireman for eighteen months. He workeil in Ciowaii's machine shop lur a 
 short time and then as engineer of the steam schooners '/'/li'in/ini^ ^ /;(/(>• and /A "'/>/////, 
 He was snbseipiently mate on the scaling schooner Miiiy 'I'tiylor, and has since scryii! 
 as engineer on the steamers Joi' .h/iniis, II 'i 11 i /'in/. /■'Iniriur ami ( hii'/'liiiii. reniaia- 
 ing with the latter ve.ssel since August, iSg^. Since commencing work as eiii;iiiei'i 
 Mr. Warren shipped as seal hnnter on the schooner liiitfi prise for one season. 
 
 'Capt. J.inies K. Ilutler was born in Yarmouth, Nova .Scolin, in i.Shi, ami 
 began his marine career in the employ of W. 1). I.ovitt, sailing out of his native oily 
 to luiropean and American ports, ile came to the I'aoilic Coast as mate ol tlie 
 slii]) .ln/wei[>, and a very short time after his arrival was m.ide cajitain of ilie liii; 
 /';/»/. I^eaving the I'i/i)/ he look charge of the fsoli,-/, and afterward of the \>\v. tiiK 
 .l/i:viiniler, which he ran until the Dunsninirs built the hanilsome steainc 1 /m", 
 when he took command and ran her snocesslully until December, i.Sy4, wlun lie 
 received an apiioinlnient as regular pilot of deeji-water vessels in the X'ictoria district. 
 
 ■'Capt. J. 1'. Ilendrodt was born in Denmark in 1X59 and has followed the water since boyhood. He began his career in the 
 Northwest as mate on the old schooner /\',ili\ trailing between Victoria and h'ort .Simpson. In 1S79 be made a trip to .-Vnsli ilia as 
 second mate on the brig lli>:aiil. Relnrning to Victoria he entered the employ ol' the Ilndson's Hay Company as male mi llie 
 steamers ( VA ; and I'ritiirss l.oiinr. He remained there four years and in 1S.S5 shipped in the same capacity 011 the tug . /A 
 owned by the Dnnsmuirs. In iS.S; he was given command of the ve.ssel, and contiiined in that employ until November, iS., 
 be was appointed pilot for the Nanaimo district. 
 
 Capt. W. J. Bryant was born .at sea between Liverpool and New Orleans in i.S|2. .\t the age of eight iiis name appi 
 a ship's articles at twenty-live cents a month. When twelve years old he shipped on the bark /'Jsiiioie, and at eighteen 
 ni.ite of tile ship .hiierimn IJninii, carrying materials for constructing the Suez Canal, He received his first oomniand, 1' • lirig 
 
 CAI'T. J. P. HKNnHOl.T 
 
 i/l/lT, 
 
 uheii 
 
 ,aim 
 ,■ was 
 
New Stenmers on Interior Waters, Tremendous Losses by Marine Disasters 
 
 331 
 
 COI.rMIlIA RIVFR Jl'TTY 
 
 ves-.t.ls crossing in or out. The immense volume of water flowing seaward spread over the sands between Cape 
 Disappointment and Point Adams to a width of six miles, forming from one to four separate and distinct channels, 
 in none of which was a sufficient depth of water for the larger class of vessels built for the modern carrying trade. 
 As tlie commerce of Oregon and Washington increased, the Government was induced to take some action toward 
 concentrating the water into a single channel. To accomplish this the engineers proposed to build a jetty from 
 Fori Stevens extending in a westerly direction out across Clatsop Spit. The first appropriation of $100,000 for 
 this work was made in the 
 River and Harbor Hill of 
 July, i'S84. Active work 
 was commenced in April, 
 18S.S, and continued until 
 October, over a thousand 
 leet of the jetty being com- 
 pleted. When the first 
 appropriation was expended, 
 work was abandoned until 
 September, i.ScS6, when a .sec- 
 ond sum of $187,500 was 
 allowed. There were no 
 further appropriations until 
 Augu.st, 188S, and, as tho.se 
 previously made were com- 
 paratively small considering 
 the magnitude of the work, 
 the progress was necessarily 
 slow. It had, however,] 
 reached a point where the 
 
 splendid results were becoming apparent, and hence it was easy to induce Congress to grant half a million dollars 
 in .August, 1888. When this sum was available the plant was extensively improved, the Government steamer 
 CamiJis was placed in commission to tow the rock barges betv.> en the quarry and Astoria, and the tug Gci'r^c 
 II. Meiidiil was built to take the barges from .\storia to the jetty. The rolling-stock on the jetty was increased 
 to live locomotives and sixty-two cars, a new receiving wharf was built, and with these equipments the work was 
 pushed to completion. Ample funds were provided until April i, 1894., when work was suspended for .several 
 mouths. The plant was put in operation again in August. 1894, and, with the exception of the delays caused 
 by had weather, work has been steadily carried on. The construction of this jetty is probably without a parallel 
 
 ill the history of Government work, 
 for the reason that it will be com- 
 pleted for a trifle more than half of 
 the original estimated cost, which was 
 5,^,710,000, The total cost, including 
 a number of features not originally 
 specified, will be but 52,025,000. 
 Nearly half a million lineal feet of 
 piling, three million feet of timber, 
 and about nine hundred thousand 
 tons of rock, were used in its con- 
 struction. Transporting rock from 
 the quarries by the steamer Ctiscadf.t 
 and the barges aff'orded a striking 
 illustration of the cheapness of water 
 carriage. The average cost of towing 
 from the quarry to the jetty and 
 returning the empty barges has been 
 Its^ than twenty-one cents per ton, including all the incidental expenses of repairing and maintaining the ster.mers 
 anil l)arges. The distance of the round trip is nearly J25 miles. The jetty is about twenty-five thousand feet 
 Ion;;, and when completed the rock at the shore end will be twelve feet above water, sloping to ten feet at a 
 
 V. S. StFXMKR "CASCAnHR" AND HAROKS 
 
 M: V ('. (',111/,-iv, M llu' tine of Iwi'iityone. In 1S71 lie Imill in Ivist lioston the 1>iirk A'i);/Hi,' Stii/m, witli wliicli he niaile tiiary 
 ^ii.\ s^fiil vdvanes iiiuil 1877, when slie was cann''! in a lyphoon at Yokohama ami thrown on the heacli. The entire crew weie 
 savi I, altliou').;]! the lioai'h was strewn witli ileail from a 'lar),'e niimher of other vessels whieh were lost in the same storm. Captaip 
 Ilrv Ml eontinneil following the .sea nntil 1S79, when, after an extenilcil trip to the Orient, he ahamloneil the water ami settleil in 
 Cii; , irnia, remaiiiinK there until iSS^, when he went to the Sonml to lake charge of the shipping Inisiness of John I.. Ilowarl. In 
 iss he was appointed I'liited Stales inspector of hulls for the I'nuel -Sounil and .Maska ilistrict. 
 
 m 
 
 *)■■! 
 
 I 
 .1 
 
 lU 
 
 I i 
 
332 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden s Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 distance of one and eight-tenths miles out, and thence to four feet above low wafer at the outer end. U lias 
 already practically accomplished the purpose for which it was intended, and, instead of several crooked, sliullow 
 channels straggling seaward over a wide expanse of sand spits, there is a single straight, deep channel showing a 
 depth of thirty feet of water at low tide. Naturally this marvelous change has had its effect on the adjoining 
 sands. Inside of the jetty, where the breakers formerly curled at low water, is a tract of about three tliousand 
 acres, nearly all of which is bare at low water and on which there has been an average deposit of five feet of 
 sand. This is constantly increasing, strengthening the jetty, and insuring the permanency of the improvement. 
 The work almost from its inception has been in charge of G. B. Hegardt, superintendent, with J. M. .Stoneman. 
 manager, and K. M. Philabaum, chief clerk. 
 
 The Columbia grain fleet in 1885 included the British barks c /«// J'ogKsoii 799 tons, .Annie HI. l.aic i.ijy, 
 Gwyiifdci 1,05,^ Martha Fisher 811, Ophe/ia 1,184, liaiilcJnle t,3,v8, ■'"" Millirent 994, Ifelia 530, Li:-.if jlell 
 1,036, Craig Mullen ■jfti, I'llock 779, Varuna 1,371, Valparaiso 730, /iarraivula fiio, Chileiia 680, .Sai'Hii S.16, 
 Awcdi'rtJ' 446, Emhieton 1,196, Ren/reii'shire i<i)^, yo.fenii/e -jM, A/ar/ahin -jTiJ, />o;(7//i)' 848, William /). .Si-al ~^u, 
 h'ircarJineshirc 1,282, A'ineliine yi)i, /ohn Nicholson 6S5, Slaghoinnl 973, Cambrian 1,053, Monmoulhsliirc 1,161, 
 Ilanca 1,000, A'enlris 668, Roslyn Caslle 644, lirilish Afoiiarch 1,262, Oban /lay 1,068, /uluaid Pciry ,S6o, 
 .lllahahad 1,143, ''^' '^ •'^' ^<"' '.i!*'. '*><^" f-"'^ S9'. ,/(""'' McNeil 890, Kcmonslraiil 1,045, /.amora i,i,So, 
 .'laililinglonshire 1,149, Archer 765, lilina 772, Carnanon Caslle 720, A'/V/r 803, llaidec 758, Sitilclma i/u, 
 lirilish Army i,2Sg, /osie Troop 1,098, Glenaflon 1,109, W'esI York 679, Caonabo 666, /\ri 897, /uirl Derby ij(n. 
 Mcreia 751, Columbus 744, Highmoor 1,143, Carnmoiiey 1,255. Connoraul 1,073, Primera ^'.y-, Crosshill i.oi:, 
 (ilcrshee 840, Saiiliago 979, Dilbnur 1,281, /.alia Kookh 811, Parlhia 1,022, Lord k'iiniard S^\, .Ihcniylc -on, 
 Norcross 897, /aza 890, Compadrc 890, .Singapore 656, Clan McLcod 646, Northcrnhay 1,221 ; British ships 
 Citadel 1,363, Yarra Yarra 1,242, Perthshire 596, Sovereign 1,173, Montgomery Castle 871, llccmah 954, fain- 
 Sprout 670, A'agpore 1,209, Po>tia 1,424, .1/. E. Watson 1,670, City 0/ /lenares 1,567, City of Hankow i.uji, 
 nunidcer 989, City of Florence 1,200, J'ricdeburg 760, Crisdale 1,222, Grasmere 1,246, .1/acdarmid 1,530, 
 Pespigadera 1,629, -ibcona 979, Carniarthan Castle 1,407, .Ibcrcorn 1,252, Winnipeg 1,308; American ships 
 McNear 1,335../. F. Frown 1,551, /'V/"" F. Starbuck 1,931, P. F. Oakcs 1,893, Harry Morse \,t,(\o, John P. Ilcny 
 1,420, Olive S. Southard 1,193; American barks Western Felle 1,135, ^- •*>• Hurlburt 1,038, George S. Homer 
 1,267, General Fairchild 1,428 ; German barks /(Wc/ii 875, liritannia 841, Flora 970, German ship .Mollkc ^a^. 
 The largest of the fleet was the American ship Tillie A". Starbuck, 1,931, and the smallest the British bark 
 Lucayas, 446 tons. Fifty-five registered over 1,000, thirty over i,20(3, eleven over 1,400, four over 1,600, and two 
 
 over 1,800 tons. 
 
 Two British barks boiintl for 
 the Columbia Kiver left their bones 
 on North Beach early in 1885. Tla- 
 first, the .Ibbey Cozipcr, 699 tons, in 
 command of Capt. William Ross. 
 with a crew of eighteen men. sailed 
 into the breakers near Shoalwaler 
 Bay, January 4th. and became a total 
 loss, all hands reaching shore in 
 safety. The bark was in ballast from 
 MoUendo for the Columbia, and on 
 Hearing the mouth of the river 
 encountered a fog, which, with tlie 
 captain's ignorance of the strong 
 northerly current at this point, was 
 the principal cause of the disaster. 
 Two weeks later the A;.V7 liiiiiijd- 
 dhar, Capt. John liattersby. from 
 Magdalena Bay for the Columbia River, struck within a few hundred yards of the wreck of the .Ibbey Co;ifer 
 under the same conditions, and the result was a similar catastrophe. As their clo.se proximity to the breakers 
 became known, the crew of the Gungadhar let go the anchors and tried to work out of the difficulty, InU the 
 ship's bottom was foul, and this and the heavy sea running jirevented her getting away from the land, ami .she 
 gradually drifted in and pounded to pieces. The Gungadhar was of 594 tons register, twenty-five years old and 
 carried a crew of twelve men. The bark .Irabclla, Captain Williams, luiiibcr-ladeii from Burrard's Iiilrt for 
 Montevideo, was wrecked on the south shore of Trial Island, December 25th, '.vhile in tow of the tug Pilot, Captain 
 Douglass. The accident happened at five o'clock in the morning, the tuf, striking first but afterward getting 
 clear. The Arabella's injuries were such that she could not be moved, and the wreck was .sold to the Doininimi 
 Sawmill Company for $355, and the cargo of lumber for $1.50 per thousand. The vessel was built at (jiu'rc in 
 1875, registered 7*9 tons, and carried 479,387 feet of lumber. 
 
 V. S. KKVKNn: Cl'Ttkr '■Ricmaku KfSll' 
 
 B.''i.'!' 
 
Now Steamers on Interior Waters, Tremendous Losses by Marine Disasters 
 
 333 
 
 
 Tlic Ga~f/U, which was consti acted on the Coluinhia several years before, and owned and operated by Capt. 
 Hiram Ohiey, was bnrnud on the Slillagnaniish River on March 12th, the fire starting in the galley. The steamer 
 burned to the water's edge, and the hull then sank. The steamer Wihhtvod caught fire at Olynipia, July 21st, 
 siisl.iining daujages nmounting to several thousand dollars ; and the Iliinlress, a small trading steamer on the 
 Columbia, burned to the water's edge at Kalama, December i.Sth. The Hritish bark /faddiiitflonshhr. Captain 
 Fni/ier, one of the Columbia grain fleet, while outward liound, went ashore on the California coast a short di.stance 
 below San Franci.seo, .\ugust 20th, her master and all but two of the crew peri.shing in the breakers. The pioneer 
 bark Monlana was lost at Newshagak, July 27th, and the steamer .Utwaiiiicr Ditiican, from Hueneme for San 
 Francisco, was wrecked at Fort Point, September 9th. The Hawaiian bark T/ionias A'. Foster, from ICsqnimalt, 
 IkCLiuber 9, 18S5, with 1,650 tons of coal for Honolulu, encountered a heavy southwest gale .soon after leaving 
 port and connnenced making water very fast on the twelfth, the leak increasing until all hands were obliged to 
 keep at the pumps to prevent her sinking. 
 She was then headed for Cape Flattery before 
 ,1 southeast gale, sighted the cape on the 
 sixteenth, but there encountered a northeast 
 jjale. and, as the water in the hold was increas- 
 ing, was he.ided for the beach eight miles east 
 of Cape Cook and rini in with twelve feet of 
 water in the hold. Two of the boats were 
 destroyed by the sea, but in the other the crew 
 re.u'lied shore, where they lived on mussels, 
 seaweed and a few nuce for twenty-two days, 
 and were then taken to Kyotiuot village by 
 the Indians, with whom they remained nearly 
 two months, when the steamer .S7;- James 
 Poiio/os took them to X'ictoria. The vessel 
 was commanded by Capt. l'\ \V. Rugg, with 
 P. Green and William Dean, mates, and a 
 crew of fifteen men. 
 
 Several men prominent in marine 
 circles passed away in 1.S.S5 Among the 
 (leatlis occurring at Portlaiul were those of Capt. Jolin Wolf, a pioneer steamboatman, October i4tli, aged 
 sixty-four; Capt. Xathaniel 1!. riigersoll, who brought the steamship /la/cola to the Pacific, Decetubcr 5th. 
 aged sixty-one ; Capt. J. O. Fairfowl, formerly of the Nortii Pacific Transportation Company, January tSth. aged 
 sixty-two ; and John II. Carney, a well known purser on ocean and .Sound steamers, August 9th. Peter .\Ic(Juade, 
 interested in Hritish Columbia marine matters since lS^S, died at Victoria, aged sixty-one ; Daniel Longfellow, 
 one of the organizers of the Washington Steamboat Company, at San Franci.seo, October 5th ; and Capt. Irving 
 Stevens, for twenty years a pilot between Astoria and Portland, at his home on the Cowlitz River, May 29th. 
 
 Fully fifty steamers came into existence on Puget Sound and the Columbia and Willamette rivers in i.SSri, 
 ami, while none of them were so pretentious as some of the productions of former years, each one proved of value 
 in the particular field wherein it was employed. The steamer Dolf>/ii>i was built at Astoria by Capt. D. 
 Mackenzie" and his associates, who intended h 'r for deep-sea fishing, but after making a few trips .she was sold to 
 tile llwaco Railway & Navigation Company and afterward to the Portland & Coast Steamship Company, 
 who operated her in the coasting trade. The /lo/f'/ihi was eighty-seven feet five inches long, twenty-two feet four 
 inches beam, and eight feet hold, and was connnanded l)y Thomas Neill. John Peterson, Thomas Latham ard 
 J. li. Patterson. She went to Puget Sound in 1X9,^ and from there to Alaska. The steam schooner AVt/c O/seii 
 was launched at Sorenson's shipyard at Portland in .\pril and commenced running to Tillamook. She was 
 owned by William Olsen and handled by F. A. Johnson and O. R. Staples. She retired from the coasting trade 
 .abiml i,SS9, and was used in the halibut fisheries and also in sealing, and while engaged in the latter work was 
 lost ill Japanese waters in 1S95. Capt. J. J. Winant Iniilt the steam .schooner Mheliief a\. Oneatta on Vaquina 
 Hay. ])laciiig her in the trade between Va<iuina and the Columbia He operated her until 1S90, when she 
 emliarked in .sealing, and for the past three years has been in the Hritish .service, acting as a tender to the Hering 
 Sea Meet, Capt. Hamilton R. Foote."' the well known Hritish Columbia y.achtsman, having command. The 
 
 ~ ■""■" • ■-- ''> J S i r- i'--.-^ 
 
 I'DKTI.ASI) ,S: COASr STKAMSnil' COMl'ANV'S ' 
 
 ami 
 
 r,./i, 
 
 fiir.l 
 lies 
 Colli 
 /■',/,-, 
 
 SCVll 
 
 ofll: 
 
 'Capt. I). Mackenzie was horn in .Scollaiul in 1S63 anil cointnenced his marine service on sailing vessels. He went to Aincrieti 
 lUereil llie stcanislii]) service on Ihe I'.reat Lakes. After two years at this work lie luoveil to Astoria ami served on the tUf; 
 'iibin as fireman with Captain .Staples. On leaviii); that cm])lt)vinent he joined his hrotlier iiml constructed the sloop Venfitte 
 I'ep-sea fishing, and, meeting with success, liuilt the steamer Pi'lfiliiii for the same purpose. Kiicountering financial reverses 
 lid her and went to .Maska on the steamer i'ninii. Me remained there three years, then, after a visit to Scotland, went to liritisli 
 iiiliia and purchased an interest in the tug (Vi'i/c, which he soon disjOTSed of and en^.-iged as engineer on the steamer liliza 
 
 '"Capt. llaniiUon U, I'oote was horn in Uuhlin. Ireland, in 1S5S, and was in the steanisliip service out of European ports for 
 111 years, afterward c(iniiii),' to the t'niteil States ,ind serving on I.ake Ontario. He went In Victoria in iJSyo, and was in charge 
 I- steamers '/'. W. Oilier, .S/iiiis/er ■,i»i\ Miicliie/, making a iiuinher of trips to Alaska and the niirthern coast with the latter 
 
 I ■ 1 
 J 
 
 ^1 
 
 V. I 
 
334 
 
 Lewis 4 Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Nortfiwest 
 
 steam tug Cruiser was constructed at North Bend, Coos Bay, in 1886, for A. M. Simpson. Slit was 
 seventy feet long, sixteen feet beam, and six feet hold, with engines nine and sixteen by twelve inrlies. 
 Captains J. C. Reed and Edward Gunderson " have handled the steamer on Gray's Harbor and Shoalwater Bay 
 nearly all the time since her completion. The steamers Antelope and Butcher Hoy were launched at Mnrslifield. 
 The former belonged to O. Reed, who ran her as captain until 1888, when he was succeeded by H. B. Lockwood. 
 The Dunhams and X. J. Cornwall 
 
 afterward owned the steamer, and -, - . 
 
 J. H. Yaeger,'' Daniel Roberts and 
 George I.eneve " served as masters 
 and F. A. Fox "as engineer. The 
 liuleher Hoy was a small propeller 
 built by S. C. Rodgers, who handled 
 her, with August Schmidt, 'engineer. 
 The Electric, a handsome little 
 propeller sixty-four feet long, fifteen 
 feet beam, and four feet hold, was 
 constructed at Astoria by Capt. A. C. 
 Fisher, who operated her until 1890 
 and then sold her to Capt. Charles 
 Gunderson and Thomas Russell. In 
 1894 she was purcha.sed by Capt. 
 Wilbur Babbidge, has run steadily 
 on the route between .Skipanon and 
 A.storia, and is one of the best steam- 
 ers of her class on the lower river. 
 The Favorite, a sixty-foot propeller, 
 was built at Astoria for Capt. William P. Dillon, who used her on the Westport route until i8,S8, when she 
 was purchased by Capt. W. R. Warren, who handled her for a year and then disposed of her to Capt. J. J. Wiiiaiit 
 and M, G. Buckley. The Oregon Development Company, which was in reality the Oregon Pacific Railroad 
 Company, launched two fine sternwheel steamers at Portland in 1886. The T/iree Sisters, the first to enter the 
 water, was one hundred and forty feet long, thirty feet beam, and four feet four inches hold, with engines 
 twelve by forty-eight inches. She commenced running on the upper Willamette in charge of J. L. Smilli. 
 
 STKAM SCIKtONF.R "MlSCIIIRr 
 
 vessel. Ill 1893 he took the .V/scA/V/' to St. Michael's Islaml with the first car^o of Hritish f;oO(ls since the Russian orcnpatimi, 
 
 nearly thirty years previous. Captain I'oote has always taken a ^reat iiileri'sl in 
 
 ^ yachting matters, and was the first coniniortorc of the N'orthwcsterii International 
 
 : Vachtin^ .Association, which is composed of the \-arious clul)s of Wasliin^tnn 
 
 and British Coluniliia, and has also held the olTice of treasn'-er of the associalion. 
 " Capt. I'Mwiird Gunderson of North Cove, Wash., was horn in Norwa\' in 
 i,S57 and hegan sailing out of San I'rancisco in i.S;!) on the liarkentine l'i<iil,iinl. 
 running from the Columbia River. He was afterward on the steamer luiilh :inrl 
 the tug Sen I. ion at San Francisco, and on the tugs 'J'rm'iier, Runner and l'iiiil,r 
 on dray's Harlior for three years. lie then sailed for a year on the scliootier 
 />iire, and on returning lo Shoalwater Hay w.is engaged on the steamers I'.ili;,!), 
 Siinlli llenct and Ciiiis. r. 
 
 "J. H. Y.aeger, engineer, was horn in Michigan in i.S44aud weul todrcgon 
 in 1H74. His first marine work there was on the steamer /Innir, where he ran 
 as engineer for a year. He afterward held the same position on the Ci'ics for 
 four or five years, leaving her to run as master of the ^Inlclope. On leaviiii; the 
 latter steamer he engaged in mercantile pursuits, and al present is proi)ri('lnr of 
 a store al Randon, Or. 
 
 "Capt. George I.eueve of Myrtle Point, Or., was born in Illinois in I'-si, 
 and in iS-Si commenced steamboating on the l.itt/e .-Innii , which Cwe years Inter 
 was his first command. He was next in charge of the steamer Ceirs Un- two 
 years and of the A\-s//t'ss, owned by Capt. Robert I'redericks. He was aftoiward 
 master of the .inle/ope and Aleii, remaining with the latter steamer ahonl l!iree 
 years, and after a few months on shore, in July, 1894, taking the steamer M\r!!c, 
 of which he has since had charge. 
 
 "F. A. Fox, engineer, was born at Rainier, Or., in 1S5S, connmiKcl 
 his marine service on the tug Escort at Coos Ray in 1S82, and was on iIr' Ings 
 Escort, Fearless and Columbia for about five years. He was afterward engineer 
 on the steamers Antelope, Afontesano, Myrtle, /iiilcher /loy and liertlia on Coos 
 Ray, and in 1893 was engaged in the construction of the steam schooner //'■■ 'tt at 
 San Francisco, serving for a short time as engineer on the tug Ethel and M, non. 
 He has retired from the water and is at present engaged in the hotel busim -s at 
 Florence. 
 
 "August Schmidt, engineer, was born in Austria in 1848, came to this country in 1864, ran out of New York until iScj, .ind 
 then moved to the Pacific Coast, where he worked for a while in a machine shop and then joined the steamer Prince Alfred, rii;niinj! 
 north to Victoria. He went to Coos Bay in 1873, was employed on shore until 1879, and then served as chief engineer 
 steamer Verona, owned by R. D. Hume, for two years, and also occupied the same position on the Little Annie while she 
 Coos Bay. He afterward ran on the finlcher Boy, Milton, Restless, Alert and a number of other steamers. 
 
 Capt. Hamilton R. Footb 
 
 llic 
 
ni ill Niirwav in 
 
 nfiiiieer on the 
 hile she m:i5 al 
 
 New Steamers on Interior Waters, Tremendous Losses by Marine Disasters 
 
 335 
 
 \V. 1'. .Short '" then took command and retained it for three years, when he was succeeded by J. I). Miller in 
 rSyi. Capt. Robert Young was master in 1893, and Thomas J. Hardy'' was engineer for several years. The 
 M N. Ikntley was one hundred and fifty feet long, thirty-two feet beam, and four and one-half feet hold, with 
 entiiiies sixteen by sixty inches. She made her trial trip December 13th in charge of Capt. J. L. Smith, and 
 two weeks later sank at vSalem while loaded with 3,800 bu.shels of 
 whciit. She was raised and continued in the Oregon Pacific service. 
 Capt, J. P. Coulter succeeded Smith, and Sherman V. Short had com- 
 mand in I.H.HS and i.S.Scj. 
 
 David Stephenson '" built the steam launch Mikado at Portland 
 for Capt. J. A. Hrown, a stevedore, who used her in his work in the 
 harlior and as a pleasure boat for hunting excursions. She was 
 leiiK'liened in iHSy and in June sold to parties on the Sound, Capt. 
 Tluiiuas Doig taking her round. On reaching her destination she 
 ran l)etween I'airhaven, Sehome and Whatcom and made a great deal 
 of money for her owners during the boom. She was afterward taken 
 to Lake Washington, and after ruiniing there a short time returned 
 to llie Sound. Claud Troup " handled her on the Columbia River, 
 and John W. Hrooks " and Charles Hergman, her present owner, have 
 l)eeii her masters on the Sound. Other small steamers constructed at 
 I'orlland were the Jhiisy by William Pride, the Lena for the Lewis 
 River trade, the Julia and the Oiiiiiaiil. The ferry steamer Alhina 
 No. I was completed at Portland, the Nellie at Columbus, and the 
 Rallli-r^i Ainsworth. The steam launch /(Vi//W(7/(', built in New York, 
 was l)rought to Portland l)y the Oregon Railway & Navigation Com- 
 pany and handled by Claud Troup. The steamer /■'lec/avod. which 
 
 '''Capt. W. r. Shoit was horn in Hnttevillf, Or., in 1852, and coniineiu'i-'d 
 his luarinu life 011 the Oovurmnent stcaniur C'lisiwIfS in i8,Si. After working a Cai't. w. r. Smmi 
 
 short time as a dcekhanil he was ap))(>inteil mate, hohlinj; that position on the 
 
 steamer for three jx'ars ami then entering tile employ of Joseph Kelloj^j^ as mate on the steamers 'I'tileiio and Jowph i\t'lln^ii\ He 
 It'ft Kello^'^'s emplov three years later and entered that of tlie Orej^on I'aeitic as nnite on the steamer ,\'. .V. lU'ntlry for a year, and 
 was then ^iven comnnind of the steamer /'///vi' Si'sleis, rnnidng her for two years. Karly in 1S91 he was ennaKed by Captain Troup 
 to ^o to the upper Cfilnmhia, and in the service of the Colnmbia ^: Kootenai Steam Navij^ation Company was engaj^ed on the 
 S/':ii\iiii-, l.ylli'ii, llliiilli-.i.if:l, k'liiileiiiii and Ci'liiiiihiii on Kootenai I.ake and the upper Columbia. He returned from the Columbia 
 Kivir in i.Sy; ami ran for a little while as male on the IXitles City, and in .\p. il, i.Sg4, was placed in charge of the steamer A'fi;iiliiliir 
 nil ilie middle river. Cajilain Short is a brother of Capt. .Shermau \'. Sliort of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Coinpauy's 
 sliaiiurs, and of Capt. Marshall .Short, who was killed at .Astoria while ill command of the Oel'ldliiiiiiii. 
 
 'Thomas J. II irdy, engineer, was born ill St. I.oiiis in 1.S40. .\t an early age he began running on the lower Mississi|)pi, 
 
 where he was first employed as a pilot and afterwanl as an engineer. In the 
 latter capacity he served for several years on the Mississippi and upper Misstmri, 
 coining to the Pacific Coast in iSSo. His first work was as chief engineer of the 
 . ///Vf'. which he left a year later and worked ashore for live years, then Joining 
 the Tlitre Sisters, where he remained for a similar jieriod. He was afterward in 
 charge of the engines on the S/iiU'ir and a number of other steamers. He has 
 held all engineer's license for nearly twenty-four years. 
 
 '" David Sleplu'iison, shipbuilder, of rortland, Or,, was born in .St. Johns, 
 New Uniuswick, in i,S_^5. and learneil his trade at his native town, where he built 
 a great many sailing vessels. He came to the Pacific Coast in iSS^ and in iS.Sh 
 constructed (he steamer ,1///i?i/ii for Cajjt. J. .\, Hrown. He afterward built the 
 sternwheel steamers .\'it H'ofuler, .Ittiuiii and J/esseiii^ef and the propellers tl'iit- 
 lir.en and /uiiiviKli. He then went to Kootenai I.ake, where he completed the 
 steamer .\'t't\i"i for the Columbia .S: Kootenai Navigation Company, He alsn 
 built the twin propeller /(■'. l/iiiitei Ai New Denver, on Slocati I,ake, for J, I"rcil 
 Hume and nthers. 
 
 ''Capt. Claud Troup was bom in Vancouver, W.ish., November 25, iSfi.s, 
 and followed in the footsteps of his father. William H. Troup, and his grand 
 father, Ca])l. James Turnbull. by evidencing at an early age a ])assioii fiirste.'iin- 
 boatiug. When a mere boy lie successfully acted as master of the little steamers 
 i)is/i<it</i and /(iiwHcZ/caud followed this with an apprenticeship at the Wilhimelte 
 Iron Works, .After leaving there he snperinleiuied Ihe building of the little 
 steamer Mikiiilo, on which he served as master and engineer, autl then entered 
 the employ of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Conip;iny as engineer on several 
 of their best boats, but soon left them, and. in company with several others, 
 built the celebrated sternwheeler Creylwuud. Captain Troup placed the machin- 
 ery in the steamer and went with her to Pnget Sound, occupying the position of 
 chief engineer for several years. He afterward took comniand of the steamer 
 and is now her managing owner. Since arriving on the Sound the Gieylioiiiht 
 has beaten every boat she has raced with and has a record for speed that is plie- 
 iioinenal for one of her size and construction. Much of the success which has 
 marked her career is due to the practical knowledge of steamboating which her 
 Capt. Clacd Trovp master has displayed. While a young man. Captain Troup has had a long and 
 
 varied experience, having filled almost every position on board a steainl)oat, 
 «hcro he is as much at home in the engine room as ill the pilot-house, and is peculiarly fitted for the management and operation 
 of suaniers. He resides at Seattle. Wash, 
 
 ■"Capt. John W. Hrooks was born in Wyoming in 1.S62 and came to I'uget Sound in 1879. He commenced steamboating 011 
 llie 'i.iamer .\V///c and has followed the business continuously since that time. For the past few years he has been master of the 
 steamer K. I). Smith. 
 
 Il'i 
 
 jii r; 
 
 ; ;_,i ; 
 
 if 
 
 ,• 1 
 
 H . 
 
 ii ; 
 
336 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Nortf)west 
 
 hail earned money and fame on the Cohimhia, was taken to Piij^et Sound in Noveml)er, making the rim irDin 
 the Colunil)ia bar to Neah Hay in twcnty-fonr hours, encountering a li'rrific gale on the way. Oemnc I). 
 Messcgce handled hur on the trip, and she narrowly escaped destrnction. In tile midst of the lieavy v.:\\v iiiid 
 hijfh .seas, whicli kept her propeller out of water ibout half the time, her house caught fire near llic ImikT, 
 hut the flames were extinj^uished before any great damage was done. The h'lcclwood commenced riiiiiijni; 
 between Olyinpia and Seattle, where she met with a reception fully as generous as that accorded hti uliun 
 she first appeared on the Columbia. She also encountered her olil Columbia River rival, the lliiyuutd, aiid 
 there was spirited competition between the two steamers. The propellers Gold Dust and Michigan were alsd 
 taken to the Sound. The tug .I/()i,"'/ was launched at Tucoma, March -'oth, for the Tacoma Steam Navigation 
 Company, the principal members of which were James Orifliths, ' Oen. J. W. Sprague and I. W. AndirMin. 
 She was ninety-four feet long, nineteen feet eight inches beam, and ten and one-half feet hold. She ciilncd 
 the towing service as soon as completed and was for several years in command of Capt. Clark \V. Spriigiic, 
 a well known Columbia River steamboatman. In i,Sy4 .she was placed under the British flag and practiciilly 
 rebuilt at Victoria by her new owner, Capt. Henry Smith. When she was again put in commission she ^va^ 
 considered as good as new, but in May, iSixs, she collided with a ship she had been towing and sustained 
 injuries which necessitated immediate beaching, and she became a total wreck. 
 
 The yi(l;oii, a small propeller of about thirty Ions burden, constrncteil of thin iron, was launched in .Swittle 
 in iSSfi l)y a blacksmith named Holmes. While the craft was in process of construction the roof of the shop kll 
 
 in and damaged the hull considerably, and nothing further was done 
 with it until this year, when Holmes engaged Charles Sperry. a well 
 known engineer, to put the machinery in and run her to Jiwieaii, 
 Alaska, for a net sum of $.v>o. Capt. II. J. Gillespie' was cnnaj;t'd 
 as master, and a few passengers were also secured, who were to 
 supply their own food and blankets. Holmes was in a hurry to j-et 
 away, and, although the i' 'linery was new and untried, he refnstd 
 to make a trial trip. Oillc .j ic and .Sperry made an inventory of the 
 stores and e<|nipment and found five loaves of bread, one roll of 
 butter, a boiled ham, five piHinds of crackers and a few ounces of tea. 
 rather limited provisions for so long a journey. They also discovered 
 that a compa.ss, chart and clock were missing and at once entered a 
 protest, but, on the repeated promises of Holmes that all of llic 
 needed articles would be secured at Nanaimo, where they were to call 
 for fuel, reluctantly steamed out of the harbor. At Port Towii-eml 
 the steamer was seized on a charge of having whisky aboard, but. a.s 
 the customs authorities failed to find it, she was released. On aaoli- 
 ing Xanaiino the coal was not forthcoming, and with little fuel anil 
 less food the Yukon steamed away on her thousand-mile voyaye. 
 The eight passengers on board were highly indignant on leaniiiif; 
 the true state of affairs, and, as they had all of the provisions, lliey 
 retaliated by refusing to divide with the crew. This worked very 
 well as far as Gillespie and Holmes were concerned, but in this 
 dilemma Sperry was master of the situation, and wdienever he was 
 hungry the engine was stopped until food was forthcoming. He would occasionally extort enough for liis 
 shipmates, but usually the pa.ssengers were inexorable, and he was obliged to surreptitiously divide with his 
 
 CAI'T. n. J. OlLI.KHI-IK 
 
 " Capt. James ("irillilhs was liorii ill Newport, I'jinlanil, in i.S()i,aii(l arrived at 'racoiiia in 1.SS5. With (len. J. \V. .SpniKue 
 an<l I. \V. .\ii(lers()n he built the tug Moi^ul , anil in September of that year opened a braiieh otlice in P<trt Townsend and eiij^a_i;vil in 
 the towiiiK business. The firm was elianged to drinitlis. Stetson S: Co. in 1SS7. In i,S,SS the Taconia ofTice was ilisrontinudl mv\ 
 Captain Crifliths removed to Port Townsend, from where, until i.Sy2, he operated the tu^ Collis in conjunction with the AA\i;iil. In 
 1S90 the finn boiij^ht the old bark Litiili>:o juid tried the experiment of towing her to S.an I'rancisco with a cargo of coal. 
 The trip was fairly successful, and the l.iitllou' has since made several trijjs up ami down the Coast. Captain Cirillitlis was appointecl 
 agent for the whaleback C 11^. IVi'tinitrt' before she started across the Atlantic, and coiitiiuie<l as agent until she was Inst at 
 Coos Bay. 
 
 -'^Charles Sperry. engineer, of Seattle, Wash., is one of the old school on llie Sound and was handling the throttle on some 
 of the pioneer steamers before .some of the present generation of steamboatmen were born. He was for ,1 long time on the sliiuncr 
 'Ai'phyy when she was considered the finest sternwheeler on the .Sound, and since that time has been engaged on nearly jsI! llie 
 steamers of any prominence plying on the inland sea, being a practical tnachiiiisl and having a thorough kuowledne cii liis 
 ])rofessioii. Mr. Sperry never met with a serious jiccideiit with any of the steamers in his charge. Ilis famous trip on the Yukon, 
 starting on a journey of hundreds of miles without even a trial trip, was a \\\^\\ testimonial to his ability in putting machimry in 
 place in so perfect a manner that she made the run without a break. lie was l^or several months chief engineer of tlie Criikii. anil. 
 despite the fact that she was provided with the most intricate ami coini>licated macliinery of any steamer on the Sound, her miiiicrous 
 >lelay.s and mishaps did not occur while he was ill charge. 
 
 ■^'' Cai)t. H. J. (iiUespie was born in New York in i.S^o and commenced sailing between there and Liverpool when .1 i)oy, 
 afterward running to China and Japan. On coming to the Pacific Coast he sailed for several years in the coasting trade nii the 
 (hieiiiti/, Otrii/eniii/ i\]i(\ YiKsniiiU', leaving them to take the steam schooner l.i-o to Alaska. He was afterward in chargi' ' 'I' tlie 
 steamers Oi.imo/<o/is, Viikoii, Utopia and Cliiloit. lie also went to .\laska as pilot on the steamer Alice /ilaiuiianl when she- took 
 the sternwheel steamer /' li. //''<'«;•(■ to St. Michael's Island. Captain ("Fillespie is one of the best known pilots that have ei.lered 
 Alaskan waters, and has been very successful witli vessels in his charge. 
 
 m 
 
N>'W Steamers on Interior Waters, Tremendous I osses by Marine O/sas/crs 
 
 Si7 
 
 the mil Iriiiu 
 
 flUdl^JL' I). 
 
 Mvy Kalt and 
 ir the liciiliT, 
 ifed ruiinini; 
 k'd hci uliuii 
 '/(lyuaii/, and 
 ail wen- also 
 
 II Niivi(;ali(in 
 V. Andi-rsdn. 
 
 She eiilmd 
 W. Sprajjiic, 
 
 III practically 
 ision slie was 
 111(1 sustained 
 
 heil in Scar.lc 
 r the sliop icll 
 tlier was done 
 Iperry, a well 
 ler III Jnnean, 
 was ennai;ed 
 who were to 
 a hurry to ^et 
 ed, he refnsed 
 veiitory uf the 
 d, one roll of 
 ounces of tea, 
 ilso discovered 
 once entered a 
 Ihat all of the 
 ey were to call 
 t Towii'-uiid 
 )oard, lint, as 
 On reach- 
 lillle fuel and 
 mile voyaye. 
 on learniii); 
 •ovisions, tliey 
 worked very 
 Imt ill this 
 never he was 
 noush for liis 
 ide with his 
 
 ,J. \V. Siira^ue 
 
 and eiij,Mv;i'il i" 
 liscoiitinui'il and 
 
 the lUi'xii/. 1" 
 a car^o "f l-m''' 
 IS was appoinleil 
 
 she was Insl iit 
 
 throttle on some 
 on the slfiimer 
 11 nearly ;ill llic 
 iiQwledKi' "I h's 
 on the )'i(ti»i, 
 iK niacliiiury in 
 the did-, t. an.l, 
 d, her niinnrous 
 
 lool wlieii .1 lioy, 
 UK track' mi the 
 ill clKir>;c oithe 
 ' when sill- look 
 lathaveii tered 
 
 less lortuiiatc companion!*. When the scanty stock of fuel was exhausted, the steamer was headed lor the 
 lieaili, and Holmes agreed to aUow the passengers four dollars a cord for chopiiiiiK wood. I-'reciueiit stops 
 of this nature were made, and at Safety Cove a number of large hears, which had apparently been lasting for 
 scviral weeks, desceiuled on the parly, couipelliiig them to take to the boat, leaving their saws and axes. In 
 the absence of a chart, compass or clock it was far from an easy task to lind the way along the coast, (lillcspje 
 would occasionally give ]dace to Holmes and take a few hours of rest. On one of these occasions Holmes 
 circiiinnavigated a large island and bad started around it the second time when Sperry happened to notice the 
 plaic wheia they had rut wood the previous day. This and other diversions of a similar nature enabled the 
 YiiLni to consume seventeen days between Naiiaimo and Juneau, where they eventually arrived. Here the 
 pasM ngcrs sued Holmes for their jiay as woodchoppers and also for the time they had lost on the way. The 
 steamer was sei/td by the I 'iiited States marshal and sold. Holmes receiving but $.'511. With this he started 
 for the Yukon River but died on the way. Gillespie and Sperry have made fiecpieiit trips to Alaska since, 
 lint il is doubtful if they have ever participated in one which has furnished them with so many reasons for 
 renieniberiug it. 
 
 A stcriiwheel steamer, eighty-five feet long, twentyonc feel benm. and five feet hold, was built at Seattle 
 for .Moore 6c Meyers, who started her lujrlh at the same time the )'iii-(>i/ left. She was christened the .■//'"<■<;// 
 and was operated for a while on the Stickeeii River. The sternwheel steamer C'/citi /Itouii, one hundred feet 
 long, twenty-two feet beam, and four feel hold, was launched at Taconia in i.s,'<6 and is still in active service, 
 althongh she has sunk several times 
 and has never proved a profitable 
 venture The W'ashiiiglon Steamboat 
 Company could hardlv keep pare with 
 its rapidly increasing business. Ivarly 
 in the year they reinforced the fleet 
 witli the steamer I'.dilh, built in San 
 Francisco as a private yacht for \V. C. 
 Ralslon. The h'.dith was a propeller, 
 one hnndred and twenty feet long, 
 twenty-four feet beam, and nine feet 
 seven inches hold, and was handled 
 on the Sound for several years by 
 Capl. Walter McWilliams. ' with R.J, 
 Murray, ' engineer. Her new owners 
 received a four years' contract for car- 
 rying the mail from Tacoma to Port 
 Towiisend at the rate of $24,500 per 
 year. She has been out of commis- 
 sion for .several years on account of 
 the advent of finer steamers. Other 
 steamers built on Pugcl Sound in i,s,S6 
 were the (.ileaiier, Gnur, .Uay Oiircii and /riiiiif Cmrol/ at Seattle, the FJifli A', at Houghton, f.ilt/e for and 
 Bessii- at Tacoma, and Ji/ohc at Olympia. The Liirv was .sold by Captain Coding to the Treadwell Mining 
 Company of Alaska for 53,7,1" The .V. /.. .T/iis//,/,- was purchased by .\. O. Henjamin, who in turn dispo.sed of 
 her to Capt. David Oilniore for 5,v.si>o. The old lighthouse tender Sliiibn'if:. which went out of .service in 
 Deceniber. i8,Ss, was sold at auction in March, i.s.Sfi, to C. Dcnsbrovv of San Fianci.sco. Her place in the 
 Northwest was supplied by the Maiizanita, which was first in charge of H. M. Gregory, captain, Charles 
 Richardson, first officer, William K. Gregory, ' .second officer, Iv A. Peek, chief engineer, Walter Mudge, first 
 
 'Capt. Walter Mi'WilliaiMs was lioni in Ireland in 1S6;, and coiniiieiu'ed i,'oiiig to sea at the a),a' of thirteen. He irrived 
 at San I'laiieisco in 1S81 as thinl mate of tlie ship .S'A;;- of l\isia. He joincil the steanishi]) ( 'ook Hay for a yuar and from lur went 
 to thisieanisliips (^'niri;,' II'. /{/,/,■>■, Oin'eii and . hiii,ni. In iSS.) he was on the Eililh as mate .iiid afterward as master, ecmiiiioiding 
 her Inr seven years. He was then captain of the tug Coltah for a short time and was pilot of the ll'aicn for a year. In 1.S9,; Captain 
 lIcW illianis took eharf;e of the tug /. /•,'. Iloydeii, continuing with her for eight months, and since tlien has heen I'ligaged as pilot 
 on tile steamer I 'topia. 
 
 •' K. J. Murray, engineer, was horn in West Virginia in i,S4S and arrived on the Pacific Coast on the steamship (•iriuuta, on 
 whicli he remaiiiecl four years and eight months and was tlieii transferred to the Cilv nl Paiimiia, .Xfter ninning in the I'aeific Mail 
 Sleaiiiliip Company's emphiy he went to I'unet .Sound, where he served as chief engineer of the I'.Jilh for two years, going from 
 her I., ilic steamship '/'iinkiY, where he ran north and soiilli from San I'rancisco for two years and then remained ashore. 
 
 "Capt. William !•;. dregory was horn in Duhlin, Ireland, in 1S4S, came to New York in 1S65, and conimenceil his marine 
 career 1111 coasting steamers, afterward sailing in the .Swallowtail line of packets as seaman and third mate. He followed the sea 
 in tin- merchant st-rviee for over twenty years, running as third mate on the ships .biiii iniii I'niiiii, I'Iriiwiilh A'oii: and -Virc 
 "'«'//, second male on tlie barks Culomn, St'iiiinoli', daiihl, I'ltlianI, SI. Mark and hanc /vViv/, first mate on the H'ii.i/iiiig/<in, 
 hced'iii. Ciillivaloi AhX //ixliliiiiit I. i,i;lil nwiiWxii Peruvian steamer .^faiia f.oiiis,!. In kS7,s he was on the shi|i (.'»;«(•/ when she 
 liurih 1 otrCapc Horn, and was piekeil ui) tiy the liritish ship l.atoiia and landed in Holivia. Cajitain Gregory came to the Cohitnliia 
 Rive; on the liark llixliUviii l.i)!;lit ahoiil ten years ago and joined the steamer Manzanita, remaining witli her for nearly ten years, 
 llie l,,si three of whicli he lia.s had command. 
 
 , Sr(.;.A.MHl' Man/.\mtv" 
 
 U If 
 'V 
 
 \ \ 
 
 ?! I 
 
 I I 
 
ii>^ 
 
 Lewis 4 Dr^den a Marine History of the Paoiflo Northwest 
 
 ha, 
 
 CAPT. W. a. i'.KKCH 
 
 assistant. OreRory was succeeded by Ridmrdsoii, with Harry Lord, chief engineer, and Altwrt kickanls," 
 
 first assistant. Tiiey retained tlieir positions until llic new steamer Cohimbiiic was lnnnKht to ihe Coast ])y 
 
 Kicliardsnn and I.ord. Captain (Iregory was then nivcn clinr^f of tile flfiiir.diiild, with Kickards, chii'f enKiiieer. 
 
 The Mitiiziinilii is one hundred and fifty-two feet Iouk, twenty-six feet hcani, eleven feet eight inches hold, with 
 
 euKincs twenty-two and thirty-six hy thirty-four inches. While in ,ser 
 
 vice in the California district she was in charge of Cnpt. David Davis." 
 Two small steamers appeared on Kootenai Lake in |S,S6. The 
 
 first of these, the Sf<okaiu\ was hrought in hy a man named l.undy, 
 
 who kept her there until fall and then took her to I.ake Tend d'Oreille, 
 
 where she ran for a short time and was then taken to Ctiur d'Alene 
 
 I.ake, where she capsized and drowned three or four people. She was 
 
 less than thirty feet long and was moved around without much diffi- 
 culty. The steamer .lAn/i/r was brought out from Ivngland by the 
 
 reclamation company engaged in improving the lands along the Kootenai 
 
 I.akc an<l River. She was taken in over the trail from Kootenai station 
 
 on the Xortherii Pacific to Honner's Ferry, Idaho, where she was 
 
 launched and remained for several years. T. II. Davis was her last 
 
 owner. The Idaho, another small propeller with a penchant for travel- 
 ing, was launched at Medical I.ake in 1886, shortly afterward going to 
 
 I.ake CiLur d'Alene and thence into Kootenai I.ake. She was about 
 
 thirty-five feet long and is still engaged on the lake near Kaslo. 
 
 Okanagan I.ake was also favored with the presence of a steam y:icht, 
 
 the Maiy Victoria (ireenlwa\ launched April 21st by T. I). Short, the 
 
 entire name being carried on a hull le.ss than twenty-four feet in length. 
 The /,(ii, which came to this Coast as the revenue cutter Kcliaiuc, 
 
 was operated by the Sitka Trading Company along the northern coast in i8Sr., with Captains Gardiner and 
 
 I.ennen. The Lio was built at Baltimore in 18^.3, and after coming to the Pacific Coast was coudemntd by llii.' 
 
 Government and .sold to Captain Tichnor. who rigged her as a schooner 
 and operated her between San Fraiici.sco and Humboldt. She was 
 unsuccessful there and was then bought by the trading company, who 
 ran her first as a schooner and then e(|uipped her with the engines from 
 the Wilt/jiVOt/. Captain Rodgers of \'ictoria then assumed coiiiiiiMiul 
 and was succeeded l)y Wagner and King, the latter taking Dr. Jackson 
 from Southeast to Western Alaska. When the J.ro returned fmiu lliat 
 trip I.eunon took her to Port Towusend, and after handling her for :i 
 .short time was succeeded by Capt. Harry Gillespie. She struck a mck 
 in Port Houghton Hay in November, i,SS,S, and sank. The ciij^iiies 
 were removed ami remained for several years m die warehouse at Sitka. 
 The sternwheel steamer d/adys was built for the Fraser River trade in 
 1886. She has been in charge of Capt. H. II. Hurr"' most of the liiiie 
 since her completion, and is still engaged on the river. The slcanier 
 San/oinv sailed from Victoria, March 6th, for Mazatlan, vSan lilas ritul 
 Manzanillo under charter to a Mexican navigation company. 'I'lie 
 Canadian Pacific Railway, which had reached its western teriiiiiuis at 
 Port Moody, or, as it is now called, Vancouver, I!. C, received its first 
 tea shipment July 26th, the Atuerican bark I/'. />. F/iii/, 79,3 tons. 
 Captain Pearsons, arriving from Vokohania after a passage of thirty-five 
 days with 17,4,^^ half chests of that commodity. The German hark 
 
 /ic/sfia arrived a few weeks later with ,^30 tons of tea after a record-breaking passage of twenty-two and a half clays 
 
 from Yokohama to Cape Flattery. 
 
 Ar.HKHr KlCK.\HI)9 
 
 •' Alljurt Rickarils, engineer, was Imrii in Porllanil, Or., in 1859. .ind lieKan liis marine career witli tlic Pacific Mail Ste.iiMship 
 Company in iSHo. sailing out of San I'-rancisco on ttie steamship Colimti. He was afterward on tlie steamslii])S Willainettt\ )'ii</ii!iiii 
 City, Sail Jose, Wliitestwro and il'cst Const, leaving deep water for a short time and goinj^ to Pn^et .Sound, where lie was ein]>loyeil 
 on the steamers Lone Fislirnnan, Piaii. Srnttlr, WiHif, Celilo, lulith and Sncirss. He was also chief en>;ineer of tlic sU;uncr 
 AV;ir//)', Koing witli her from tile Columl)ia River to tlie KnssalotT River in Western Alaska. In 1.S86 he joined the I'nited .'Elates 
 steamer Maiiznnita as assistant engineer and has remained with her conlinnonsly since, for the last tlirce y^.rs filling the ])o^iiioii 
 of chief engineer. 
 
 -'Capt. David Davis was born in Wales in 1.S31 and came to the Pacific Co.ast in 1S54 as second mate on the steamer ./w> 'vVii. 
 with which he reniaineil about fonr years. He was afterward third mate of the steamsliip Rcpiihtic in the China trade, and alsc -.rived 
 as second and first mate on the steamships ihi::aba, Ni't'iiilii, Los .lii^t'lt'S and Pocifw. I'or the past fourteen years he has Iit'cii in 
 the lighthouse service. He was master of the flfanzaiiita for two years, until she was sent north, and then took the Mihlroiiii, 
 which he has since commanded. 
 
 '''Capt. Hans Harford Burr was born in 1855. He began steamboating in the Northwest in 1868 on the Praser Ri\er as 
 deckhand on the old sternwheel steamer Hopt', afterward running on her as watchman and then as mate. Among other stt-.tmers 
 he has been engaged on are the Utloctt, Oii7o,ird, Koyat City, Retinncc, (Slcnoia, (hin, Victoria, .Idelaidc ani\ dtadys. lie was 
 master of the latter steamer six years and of the Victoria and .li/ctaiite fonr years. 
 
 Wl' 1 
 
New Stoamen nn Inturinr Watrrn, Tremeinlnun /osscs by Marinv Dtnnfttrra 
 
 ,V10 
 
 The Coltiinbin River grain fleet for iHHfi incUided one hutulred ami fivi' Uritish Imrks and thirly-ff)ur sliips, 
 twci Anicricaii liarks uiid nine sliips, one Norwi'^iiiii sliip and tliree Oerinaii linrlts. As in tlie previous year, tlie 
 ■////.'(• /;". Sloibmf: was tiie larxest, wliile liie Hrilisli Itarlj K'iiij^dom ii/ Sawny. s.^H tons, was tlie smallest of the 
 ves-.L'ls. Ninety were over i,()(K), forty-seven over 1,200, twenty-three over i,4ck), cIkIu over i,6ihi, and six over 
 1,71. 1 tons. One hundred and twenty-nine carried wheat and twenty-three flour, while two handled both wheat 
 iUiil llour. Shippers were as follows ; Sihson, nnackeiilmsh iS: Co., forty-nine cargoes ; C. Ciesar iS: Co.. forty-four ; 
 Italliiur, Guthrie iSc Co., thirty-nine ; Portland Flour Mills Company, nine ; Mrver, Wilson iS: Co., live ; Allen iS: 
 I.euis, three ; Reid \ Co., two ; Steel iV Co., McDonald iS: Scluval>aeher, ami l,aiillaw it Co,, one each. I'uget 
 Sound, which had commenced foreign grain shipments in iSHi, cleared three cargoes in iH.'H'i, the American 
 ships /amis Diummond, l,,s.S7 tons, lloijiimiii /■'. /'mkinj. 2,117^, and .hlisatt, i.Kn). constituting the fleet. 
 
 A uund)er of fine sailing vessels were launched in i,s,s6, Hall Itrothersof Port Hlakely heading the list with 
 llie three-masted schooners U' .V. liowiif and < owe/, the harkentine .S. N. Casl/c, and the Hnwuiiau steamers 
 K'li//'/'' ami .Uihilialii. The harkentine /'lon/rr. .pjH ions, was built at Port I.ndlow, and the sealing .schooner 
 .•////<• /. Al);ei, 75 tons, at Seattle. The schooner iVinrlly, 5^4 tons, was constructed at North Hend for 
 A. M- Simpson, who also completed the tug 7'rmr/<'r at the same place. The '/)inr/<r was one hundred and six 
 feel long, twenty-two feet beam, ten feel nine inches hold, and is still in active service, having been engaged in all 
 the liar harbors in the Northwest. The .schooner .U/oii, H\ tons, was launched at Marshfield. The first master's 
 .111(1 pilot's licen.se ever issued to a woman on the Pacific Coast was granted Mrs. Minnie Hill " in i,s,S6. The young 
 
 1 .y had been jireviously engaged 
 scvvral years and was thoroughly 
 The property lost by ship- 
 ami a number of lives were sacri- 
 Ld^Y, owned by the Portland 
 sailed by Capt. John Ivxon, with 
 North Mcach, about eight miles 
 (luring a thick fog January y\, and 
 Chinese cook were drowned. The 
 liuilt on the Sound in iS.s,^ and 
 icait ship /i>/iii A'onii/M, 2,2().S 
 arcliilecture as ever floated, was 
 February lyth, by the lug '/'iKVii/a. 
 wa> less than two years old and at 
 from Nanaimo to San Francisco 
 drawing twenty-six feet six inches 
 I'eet. The tug, with but twelve feet 
 and was towing her at a six-knot 
 wlitii the tide receded broke her 
 Captain Haker at once stripped her 
 she was left to her fate. She was 
 
 Cai'T. Minnik Mir. I. 
 
 with her husband on steamers for 
 conversant wi th the business. 
 wreck in 18M6 ran into tlie millions, 
 ficed. The schooner Carrie /I. 
 Deep-sea Fishing Company, and 
 a crew of five men, stranded on 
 north of the Columbia River, 
 Captain Kxon, A. Jamison and the 
 ves.sel was a total loss. She was 
 valued at about S.^,o<hi. The Ainer- 
 totis, as fine a specimen of marine 
 towed on a reef near Satiirna Island, 
 Captain Cameron. The Konnfiid 
 the time of the disaster was en route 
 with ,1,9'>,S tons of coal. .She was 
 of water and struck in twenty-one 
 draught, had ]>asscd over the reef 
 rate. She struck at high water and 
 back and filled i 111 media tely , 
 of the rigging, furniture, etc., and 
 valued at #150,000, Sewell i\: Co. 
 
 holding a .seven-eighths interest, the balance being owned by the man whose name she bore. The tug is said to 
 have been nearly two miles out of her course when the accident happened. \V. I). I-ogan ' chartered the steamer 
 liiiivcr and secured a cargo of coal from the wreck. The American barkeiitine /\'//s<i/>, Capt. David Robiii.sou, for 
 Melbourne from Port Gamble, was wrecked on Palmerton Island at !:,^o A. M., May 2,vl- The A'ilsup was built at 
 I'orl Ludlow in i.SSi and was valued at $4(),o(i(). The crew, thirteen in number, reached shore in .safety. The 
 .\iiiericau bark Sierra Nevada, the first of a large fleet of coal ves.sels which met with disaster in the winter of 
 i.S.S(i-,S7, sailed from Seattle, September k;, i.ssr>, in cominand of Capt. F. H. de la Roche, with a crew of twelve 
 men. She passed Cape Flattery on the twentieth and was never sighted again. No wreckage was found, and 
 her fate adds one more to the long list of mysteries which have made .so in.iny dark pages in marine records in the 
 Northwest. The American ship 7'niiiiif>/iaiil, Captain Lawrence, while oil" Cape b'lattery twenty-four hours after 
 the Sierra jYevada passed out, encountered a terrific northern gale, accompanied with a heavy sea, and the 
 supposition is that the Sierra AWada foundered in that gale, and the fearful sea running prevented any of the 
 crew escaping in the boats. The ves.sel was of but ^64 tons burden, was twenty-three years old, and deeply loaded 
 with i.2(Hj ions of coal, a fact which probably had much to do with her disappearance. 
 
 '"Capt. Minnie Hill, who iiijoys the disiiiiclion of lieinj,' Uie only sleainliont captain of licr sex wesl of llie Mississippi River, 
 was liorn in Albany, Or., in l86v Slie conmieiiccd sluiiiiilioaliiiK willi lior liiislianil, Capl. Charles Mill, on the Coluniliia Kiver 
 sltdiiier (,'orerii(ir A'c,-.r//. Tlie yoiiii^' lady mastered the details of steaiiiboatin^' with hut liltle troiihle and in due season received 
 a re;:iilar license perniiltiiiK her to take full charge of :i steamer. She has been remarkably successfnl in her calling and has 
 liaiiilled the (ioreniiir iVerce/i for the past eight years, her husband running' most of the time as engineer. 
 
 " \V. I). I.ogan, engineer, was born in rcnnsylvania in 1.S59 and conimeuced his marine service on Chesapeake Bay in 1,876. 
 He went to Pu^et Sound in iR.Si as chief engineer of the steamer /.eo, and was afterward connected with the tUKS./. N, Co/einaii 
 and k'ltiiiier. He left the Sonnd in i.Sqn and went to San l"rancisco, where he started a repair shop, which he still owns, and is at 
 prcM Ml running as chief engineer on the steamship Alice llliuulhirj. 
 
 ^«:'i' 
 ii'i 
 
 f !■ 
 
R! 
 
 .Vio 
 
 Lewi's cf Orydcn's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 ..'i 
 
 C.APT. John W UHUtiKS 
 
 The stcaiiisliip />f(ftt. while (// nvi/r from Knapptoii, Wash., to San I'rancisco, heavily laden below with 
 railroad iron and a deck load of hinilier, foundered about forty miles west of Cape I'erpetua about March 171I1. 
 The /Vci/k sailed from KnapptiMi, March i-jtli. with the following crew: P. Halley, master; K. Donouj;li first 
 officer ; 1'. Murphy, second oHicer : M. l^'oley, chief eiij^ineer ; 1'. Murpl.y, second engineer ; K. Martin, sttwiud ; 
 James Thompson, cabin boy ; John Thnrlow and H. Throw, firemen ; I.ancett, Ro.ss, Solomon and H.lll^(.■n, 
 seamen. She cros.scd the Colunilna bar at icoi- a. m. on the fourteenth, encoinitering a strong southwest luceze 
 and heavy sea, which had prevented a nuiiilier of other vessels from attempting the pa.ssage. Outside the wuul 
 was not so strong, but a high se.i was running, and Sunday afternoon, when Fireman Thnrlow went on watch. 
 
 Chief Ivngineer Foley told him that the pumps were not working liglit 
 and could not keep the ves.sel clear. During this and the folluwiiig 
 walcl; the water continued to pour in, and at 11:00 .\. .m. Moiulrv 
 morning extinguished the fires. The vessel had then been hove to for 
 half an hour. Her deck load was thrown overboard but failed to lighten 
 her, and at yyi i'. m. she was abandoned, the captain, .second mate, 
 engineer, steward, .ui<l Solomon and Han.sen, seamen, taking one boat, 
 anil the rest of the crew the other. The boats were connected bv a long 
 line, but :it ;,:oo \. m. on the sixteenth the ca])tain feared a collision and 
 cut it. .\t daylight his boat had disappeared from view, while those 
 with the mate siglited land, and by rowing and sailing reached the ontcr 
 line of breakers at 7:01 > i>. M. on the .seventeenth. They stood off iimil 
 2:00 r. M. on the eighteenth, when Second luigineer Mnrpliv and the 
 / boy Thompson died. It w:is then decided to go through the lireakers, 
 
 but in running for the beach the first breaker capsi/ed the boat, ami the 
 only ones who reached shore were Fireman Thnrlow and Seaman Louis 
 Lancett. who struck the beach about five miles north of the rmpipia, 
 near where the steamer Tucoma was wrecked in iX.S_v After recovering 
 from the terrible ordeal they were taken to San F'rancisco by the steamer 
 (lOliinia. The Ihi/a was built at North Bend, Or., in 1.S83, and was of 
 about ,^71) tons register. 
 
 The American bark //'. //. Hess,-, Captain Oibbs, from New York for Portland with a cargo of railroaii 
 iron, and with a crew of .seventeen men, was wrecked on Peacock Spit, July 23d. The captain accounted tor tlic 
 disaster by saying that he had stood in for Cape Hancock light until by cro.ss bearings the bar was one mili 
 distant, and, when he wore ship to stand off for the night, she struck. It was the general belief, however that 
 he was attempting to sail in without a pilvt, and with an old chart. Hundreds of .seasiders were on the beaeh at 
 the time, and all were aware of the critical position of the ship for several moments before she struck. She was 
 soon knocked to pieces by the >ea, but all the crew reached shore in safety. The Hes.se Ihioy, which now marks 
 the spot, is a last'-.ig monument to the carelessness of an over-confident captain. The Hissf was valued at over 
 $45,1100. with a 575,00" cargo. The steamshi]) /uii/i<in/ Cusf/r, a well known collier, struck on Kosedale Keel 
 near Race Rocks, November 23d, commenced filling immediately, and was beached at Pilot Hay, Pentick Islai"! 
 The steamer was in charge of Pilot llniuhart, from Nanaimo for San Francisco with 2,300 uns of coal. The 
 first officer was on watch when the accident happened. The shock was so light that it was at first thouglil the 
 damage might not be .serious, and she was accordingly headed for Fsiiuimalt with all pumps going, but the water 
 gained so fast that the engineer notified tlio captain that it would be impossible to keep her atloat more than 
 fifteen minutes. She was then lieached, going down in six fathoms of water and ])roving a total loss. Her ■•ister 
 ship, the Ilvlton Citsl/r. which had formerly been in the same trade, was wrecked Januarv r rth, twelve miles -.iiitli 
 of Fire Island light, while cii loiilc from New York to Rouen witli a cargo of corn, the e-a])tain and ten men Insinj; 
 their lives. The liritish bark Sir Jiuiis,li,r /'niiii/y. 1 .o4() tons, in command of Capt. John Thonip.son, with a rrew 
 of fifteen men, went ashore near Point Crenville, December ist, while cii route from Melbourne to Port Toun^end 
 in liallast. The thick weather had prevented an observation for several days, and the ship was running on ileail 
 reckoning under sliortened sail when slie brought up in the lireakers off the Indian reservation. The crew reaelieil 
 sliore in safety and made their way to Gra\ s Ibirbor and thence to Astoria. The vessel was twenty-two > ears 
 old and valued at 5-'5.ooo. 
 
 The British ship Carmartlmn Ciisllc an iron \e.ssel of 1 407 tons burden, stramleel near Nestucca |l,i\ at 
 three o'clock on the morning of December 2d, wliile cii rout, from ,San Pedro to Portland in ballast. She u 1- in 
 connnand of Cajit. William Richard-, with a crew of tweniy-eighl men. I, ike the Sir famsitjfe Family, th' -lii]' 
 had run on dead reckoning for several days, and until she struck during a strong gale with a heavy -e i the 
 c.iptain supposed she was thiity miles off shore and eighty north of Tillamook. The American bark A.','; .S. 
 fliiiYir. Captr.in Math.son, from T;icoma for San F'rancisco with a cargo of coal, fouiuiered at .sea : bout lilleeii 
 miles off Cape Flattery December I'ltli. 'iMie b;;rk encountered heavy weather for several days, aid all ■ ' lur 
 boats were destroyed except one twenty feet long. Into this the fifteen men dragged themselves. Mild, \\\ iMiit 
 food or water, drifted about for thirty-six hours before they were finally picked up by the German 'ark 
 
"Tffl 
 
 Ntiw Steamers on Interior Waters, Trewendous Losses by Marine Disasters 
 
 34' 
 
 n below witli 
 : March 17111, 
 )i)noiigli lirst 
 rtiii, stowaril ; 
 and Hanst.-ii, 
 thwest lireezc 
 Iside tin- uiiul 
 ent on walcli, 
 working liijlit 
 ihc follounif; 
 V. M. Mouthy 
 1 hove to for 
 iled to lighten 
 
 second male. 
 king one Imal, 
 ctcd by a lotig 
 a collision and 
 V, while those 
 ched the outer 
 stood ofT nniil 
 iirphy and llio 
 
 the breakers, 
 e boat, and the 
 Seaman I.oiiis 
 f the rnii)(|ua, 
 fter recovering 
 by the steamer 
 83, and wa> of 
 
 rgo of railroad 
 •onnted lor tlie 
 r was one niili 
 
 however, thai 
 ni the beach at 
 lick. Slie \va.>- 
 ich now marks 
 \ a hied at over 
 
 Kosedale Keel 
 ientick Islai-i 
 1 of coal. Tin 
 ,t thouglit the 
 but the walci 
 oat inoie than 
 Her -ister 
 Ive miles s.intli 
 ten men losing 
 in, witli a ( rew 
 t Tou n~en(l 
 nniiiig on dead 
 le crew reached 
 
 eiity-two years 
 
 roil Moltke, Captain Cox, and taken to Victoria. Tile Ella S. T/invrr was built at Hath, Me., was twenty-one 
 years old, and had been on the Coast a little over two years. ,She was owned by Charles A. \utson of San 
 Francisco. The Cliilean bark Lilly (irare, a composite vessel of 54s tons, became water logged a few miles north 
 of Cray's Harbor, December aotli, while rii roii/c from I'ort Discovery to Valparaiso in command of Capt. Charles 
 Wall. She sailed December ulh, passed Cape l'"lattery on tlie morning of the fourteenth, on the fifteenth 
 Cdnuneiiced leaking, and during a terrific gale and heavy sea, witli eleven feet of water in her hold, the deck load 
 iiegaii breaking up, and the foreca.stle deck-house, galley and forward cabin were washed away. The crew 
 constructed a raft, which they towed astern as the ves.sel was going to pieces ; but on the nineteenth they lost the 
 rafi and the bark was headed for the beach to .save the lives of those on board A heavy surf prevented them 
 from landing until twenty-four hours after the ves.sel went into the breakers. They were then rescued by the 
 Indians, who came out in a surf-boat, and made their way (>verland to Olympia. 
 
 The American ship llarvcy Mills, Captain Crawford, from .Seattle for San hVaiicisco with a cargo of coal, 
 foundered about sixty miles off Cape I'Mattery, December 14, i,S8fi. The Milh was a vessel of 2,70(1 tons register 
 and deeply loaded. She encountered a very heavy gale December i;,th and was on her beam ends all night. 
 .\boMt ,V'«> A. M. on the fourteenth the inizzenmast was cut away in the hope that the ship would right. It 
 carried the mainmast with it, and half an hour later t' e hip went down. Ivight men esc'aped on two hastily 
 constructed rafts, and twelve were left on board. When daylight came one of the rafts and all traces of the 
 ship had disappeared. ! *n the 
 other, Cushman, first mnte, 
 and Alexander \'algreni and 
 Jacol) Hrown, seamen, floated 
 nnlil the eighteenth without 
 food or water and with the 
 sea continually breakirg over 
 them. For two days their 
 frail support ca. 1 another 
 seaman, wdio became in.sane 
 and inmiied overboard. The 
 niher-- were finally pickeil up 
 1m the iMajfstii. Captain 
 liergmau, who landed them 
 at San l'edii>. 
 
 The schooner '///( 
 hinilier-laden from Oray',- 
 Harbor for San Francisco, 
 Aeiit ashore at Peterson's 
 Point, April /4th. She was 
 towed out by the tug //inilrr, 
 hut after letting go of the 
 hav ser the wind failed and 
 the current carried her ashore. 
 ■Ml. !;.-'ish bark IVebfool, 
 \X'r' Tacoma for Callao with .sru.oim feet of lumber and joo cases cjf salmon, was burned in the Straits of 
 Fii' 1, November 13th. The \{'<h/ool sailed from Port Townsend, November loth, in command of Ca])!. Gilliert 
 Ye.it<"», itiul arrived at Cape P'lattery the next nioriii ig leaking, owing to a very heavy scmtluvest sea .\ 
 p'Mtloii of the deck load was thrown oft", but this did not seem to help matters much, and on tlie twelfth tlie 
 crew went aft and asked the captain to j>wf back, as the slii]) was filling too rapidly to proceed. .She was 
 then headed for Ruyal Roads, and a pilot was taken <,ii board at 5 "<> i'- ^i T-,eo hniirs later the bark was 
 reporled on fire. I'',fforts were made to extinguish it but without avail, and at i.'.m i'. >i. all hands took to 
 the boats with the exception of Captain Veatcs and one sailor, who remained on board until driven off by the 
 intense heat. .\ll hands were then taken to N'ictoria by the tug /'ilol. The U'<-l>f\h>/ was thirty years old anil 
 registered 1,061 toti.s. The American ship lielridne, 1,255 tons, in comniaiid of C.ipl. J. S. Ciilison, wi'li a 
 '■rev of nineteen men, was wrecked on IJonilla Point, Novemlier j^tli, wliile tii >ci(ti from V-'ilniingtoii to 
 Usparture Hay in ballast During a dense fog, accoiii])anied by a heavy sea, she struck a reef and was aftei w:'.rd 
 pulled off by the 'I'xic, but had reeeived such injuries ti'.it she foundered bcl'oie the tug <-ould beach her and 
 
 si K.'\MKK 
 
 >ll ItAKK ,\l t.lAN^ 
 
 % 
 
 "Capl. I. S. Cfilisoii is one of ^he best known sailing eaplainii <ui l!ie I'aeitie c'o.isi anrl is 'Iso a raiiiiliar li>;iire iii .\tlaiitie 
 port' , .\fter die loss of (he lliiiiilnr he had eoiiunaiiil of oilier eoastiiix vessels 111 the Uiiiil>er and eoal traile, the last one lieinj; 
 till' itld liiirk i'tiliiiihl'K \v!ii''Ii he left in iHt>( lo lake Ihe p isttioii of first otheer on the steamship HttJ^^'ii, plying lieUveen New York 
 aiiil \ew Orleans. When tlie wlialeliaek s'Miiier ( '/,'r it/' Kviiiil was |il,i<ei! in siTvice on the I'aeKie Coast, her owners seenred the 
 scrvi es of Captain C.ihson as hrst ollii er. Wliile the sleainer is In eliaixe of Ciiptain llueknaiii, who is a new man on the Coast, not 
 a Inlr of her success is <!ac lo the Iohk expcrieiiee I'ul piaelieal knowledge of raeitie Const navigation possessed hy Capt. J. Is. 
 Gil. on. 
 
,V12 
 
 I fwin ('f Drydcn'n Mnrina llislory n/' Ihr Pucilk: Nniihv/vnl 
 
 liccamc a toliil loss. Tlii' vivssrl was owiiimI liy Captain Ntls.ni and (ino 
 and wns ntulcr cliaitiT to K. Dnnsiniiir. 
 
 Two wfll known sti'anii'is were (k'stroycil l>y fiiv on the Colnniliia l<i\ 
 Capt. /. J. Ilatc'li had taken to tlic lower Cascades with tlie expectation of lining.- 1 
 
 I'crkins iSr Co. ol San !■' 
 
 , /. ./. .)/,( Ill/ 
 
 1(1 over the rapi 
 
 1', u 
 
 els (lUIMI)'. 
 
 Ilhll 
 
 une iVeshet, tmrtu'd to 
 
 tlie 
 
 ater's ed^e at thi' hiwei Casea(U-s, May -'^d. Slic was insnied lor il 
 
 wdiifli was at)oMl all she was wortli. 'IMie steamer \\'est/>i>ii Imrned at Westporl, Decinilxr iMtli. 'I'he sli iinicr 
 (hkidlKiiiiii was till vietini of a peculiar accident in I'ortland. She was alonnsiiU' llie Hijllsh hark ,l//i,iiii,- 
 June 17II1, lor the ])Mrpose of moving lur awa\ from the the dock, l>nt, hclnrc leavitin, tlie hark caiceiuil mikI 
 
 came over on top of llie steaiiihoat, sniashinn the pilot-house, ho>; chains and smokestack, and dam leiiif; ilic 
 steamer to the extent of sever.il thousand <lolIars. Capl. H. A. Ivnikcn of the (Ifhliiluiiiii) was in Ihc pilol Ikmim- 
 
 at the time, and sccmiiiuls 
 
 miracle escaped comp.iiatuely iiiilmrl. Despite the immense wei^lil , llie sh muh 1 
 
 supported the hark until she was linhled. The .Mlia 
 owners had claimed that she would 
 
 was mnlcled for the dama^;es to tlu' (hhiiiluuihi. 
 
 Ih 
 
 stand alone withoul li; 
 expensive iieeidcMts ill iH.Sfi. She liroke a shall when loi I v 
 
 The steamship Slttlr k/ I'lililoiiiiii had Iv 
 I south of the Colninltia Kivci. ,\piil V'Hi. n 
 
 the ^'/VX'OW was awanled Jli2,5in) for tovviii); lu'i into Asloiia. Wlidc inlerinn '^i'" iMaiM i-,<o harlior limi 
 I'ortland, April 7th, she was struck liy the harkeiitine I'iH llniid. and sustained damages amonnlinn lo s( vc i;i 
 
 thousanil dollars, over sixty feet of lu'r iron liulwarks heiiij^ l( 
 
 .ir 
 
 the 
 
 Alhiiilii, Captain Warren 
 
 driven ashore near the Cliff House iluiiu 
 
 U; .1 lieavv lo).; 
 
 Ml dick 
 
 f.i 
 
 The wlialiii); l.:'ik 
 
 l)e( 
 
 ccmlier I'lll 
 
 thirty-six lives were lost in the lireakers. 
 
 Several pioneer niari:ie men passed away in iX.So, the liisl ou the de.illi roll In ni); (."apl John lixcm 
 
 111(1 
 
 \\v 
 
 was drowned when the (in tie II l.(il<c was wrecked in J:i 
 
 Joseph 
 
 '//■«(• oil the .Sound in 1.H77, died at Scillle, March iJtl 
 
 lary. (.'.ipt. 
 Capl. ,\. 1 
 
 W. Sinilli, who built llie sli:iiii( 1 
 
 iilHslniie of the steamer A^ 
 
 ,>l(lhli u:i 
 
 accidentally sliol at I.illle Dalles, April J7tli, and liled to death. .Stiainlioal Inspeclor \iKor of \icloria dud in 
 
 that city May f)tli ; Capl. Charles Iloli 
 
 ill I'ortland, July ,\i\ ; Capt. Setli I'ope at St. Helens, Jiilv 2\i\ . C.ipl. 
 
 I,. I,. Siminons, of the steamship ll'ii//ii Wn/ln. at .Sail iMancisco 
 
 uij-us 
 
 • \i\ : I'raiik I""aiiihaiii 
 
 p..I.Ml:ir 
 
 engineer 011 the .Sound, at .SiMltlc-, ( Icloher 1 ;lh ; an<l Capt. ( 'icor^e Jerome al I'mllaiid \'ii\emliei J7II1 
 
 ylf?' 
 
( ii,\rii:u wii. 
 
 Tin; Canadian I'aiiik' Kaii.wav Companv's Si'Hamsiiii'S Inch hash in Iturnsii Chi.imiiia's Stham 
 I'l.Hi'.i' Okhcon I'acii'u' Uaiiavav Company's Si'icamsiiii's " VVim.amkt'i'i'. Vai.i.hv" anh " I'!as'i'i;i<n 
 ( IKHCON," ANii 'ii;s " Uiiscii.r'ri'," "U\N(;i;u," " 'riiis'n.i'. " and " j. M. Ccu.I'MAn" 'I'm; Sti'Amhk 
 "Wasiip " lirii.i' ON Tin; Miudi.i; Kivi;i( Kuhiiinai Lakh Sii; amhks " Siki'kisi;," " (".ai.hna " 
 
 AND " III, in lll'l.l." I'l CUT SolND I.IMIIHK AND Cul.lMIIIA KlVltK CiKAIN IM.IU'.T Ni M HH( PI S I'"lNlt 
 
 Saii.ini. \'i;ssi';i.s liiii.T in i'iih Noutiiwhst An I'.riDHMH' m- Makinh I)isasti;i(S M vs'i'I'.kiois 
 DiSAi'i'HAKANii' 111 tiih "Sihhka Ni;\'Ada" and "St. Si'Hi'iM'.Ns " Wi<i;(.K iti' Tin; SiI'.aimsiiips 
 "VAniir;A Cnv " and " \'A(ii ina I!ay" Canadian I'aiii'K' Sti;a:m Na\ii;atiun Cdmi'Anv's 
 
 STHAMKKS " ISI.ANDI'K " AND " I'KIMIICH " STHAMSIIII'S IN 'IIIH N< HM'll WTSI UK N 'pKADK IN iS.Sj 
 Till'. " T. J, I'uTTIiH," "tlNDlNl';" AND ' "riCl.lil'IK )N H " STHAM ScIK )I )N I'.KS "MU'IIIIIAn" AND 
 "1,AK-Ii;" S'I'KAMSIIIP SHin'K'H lisi MII.ISIIHD TO C.UAV'S IIAPIIOK 'V\i. "Si;A I.IoN " ON I'l (,h;T 
 
 ScuND Tiih. "lI»s:,Ai.o " Shoots i'iih (."asi'adi.s l'ri.i:T SorxD'!; Coai. and I,i miu'.k 1'i,i;i-,'i' 
 1'f:awm I. W'kiak oi' riiiv " A iiriuiiKN " lioii.iii; Ism'I.osion on tiiic "lion liniNi;" I'.iikninc oi' 
 Tin; I'lciri' Soind Si'I'A.mhu "I,ii;i IO-'ukson." 
 
 I »N' I )|',U i'l I, S'rumi'.S ui'iv m-Mv in miiiiiu' <lfvcl(i|iiiii'iil willi llic (iiiiipliliiiii of the 
 Caii:iili:Mi riirilii' Kiiilwiiy, Mini :i dii-jcii'il U'vi\;il \v;is iiolii r.pjili' in Hiilisli I'Dliiinhia 
 uiitiTs. I'l'iiciinj; llu' consli iirtidii nl llic niannHicinl sliainslii|is /■.'iii/>ii\-, .>/ Iiiilin, 
 /(iiif>i<\\ 11/ /iifuni aiKJ h'jiil'iiw ,>/ ( I'ltiiii, llu- lailway cuiniiaiu s<-<'IIhmI scviial Atl.inlic 
 liiicis Id |>ly lirtwiii X'anciiii vci , as llicy liail naiiuil llu-ii wi-sli in lirininns o.i 
 llniianrs liilil, and 
 tile Oiicnl. 'riu' 
 liisl visst'I (if till' 
 new ( )iiciilal line, 
 llu- slcainsliiip l/'\\ 
 \iiii(i, aniviil at 
 Vancouver, June 
 
 I |. r->f<7, Willi i,^},'< Ions of nieiilianclisp. 
 
 She was followid July sHi I'V llu- /'ni/lnn. 
 
 I Mslcr slii|) in tlic Allnilie Irailc, (llliet 
 traiiiiis (il the line were ll'e /'oi/ ,liii;iislii 
 v\ /\'il I hloi , llie Iwn ' iitri making Inil lew 
 
 lup , while llie olliers leinaineil in service 
 
 iiiilil till- arrival of Iho new sleainsliips. 'Plic 
 
 I'.iilliiii was llleii seciinil hy llie N(nlli I'acilii 
 
 S|r:niislii)) Coniiiaii\ ami allei lnakin^; a few 
 
 vns.i.M s iinilei liei oil! name reliuneil to I'.ii); 
 
 iiml wlieii- she was leniiideliil, 'I'lianii-d and 
 
 ■u|i|>lii'd with new eii>',iiies and fill ni^liinj'.s, 
 
 l.nDiin loi the Taeilie Coast a^aiii as llie I'li/inin. She has sIikh' lieeii le^nlaily incased in llie liade liehvem 
 
 TaiMiiia and the ( )rii'nt Mel dilllelisinns aie leilr.lh, tliiee hlindli'd and sixlv leel live inilu-.; healli, loilv 
 
 I'll Nun inches, deplli nl hold, thirty feel loin iiichc , );ioss l(niiiaj',e, ,i, I '''■./'' , with liiplc cxiiaiisioii enj'.ines 
 
 llnil', one, lillv, and se\'ent\M'-;, li\' lillv loin inclic. .She is in cliai(',eol Ci|il jojin r.inlon, U. N. U ,' ami 
 
 ' ('.i|i| liijiil r I II Inn, IS :slel fif II ir '.Il ;illlsiil|i t h fi'Hil, \v,ls liiil n III ScnlljilKJ, all' I w.ls l>>l lll.ilu M'.ir. wllli I In- W llltr .SI in 
 HI' lllllil, .rriillil Mll'l lilsl ■ ill- Mild it'i tllaslcl I tr r.lllle to I he Nnl I liursl in I S^%7 :is lie. I nllli » I nl I III- -,1 i-aill'.Ini. fit 1 1 hi it, wllli 11 
 'i'' ■'■ ' iwillil I'nnilll.illli'd, WllMi llli' /''lil/*l,\\ <'/ /n,/t<t anil III I SI'. In slllp'. ;i|»|ii-illril, lllc /'//////./ was jilm III nn llu- Innli hrlwt-i'll 
 I. II < :ii.i mill [m I 111 II II I 'tri lilt- a, I. II I- t'fi /,>! I<t, ,11 II I \\HH SI 111 r lin-ll III i ll.il}M' ol i'.i]il]|in I '.I ill nil. 
 
 ■■*-*P- 
 
 I ll.\M-.llll- " W'll I \MI I I I- \ VI I I \ 
 
 11 i; 
 
 
 m 
 
 «';iii 
 

 ,V1.: 
 
 Ifwis (J Dryilcna Mitrino Hiatory o/ //)(.• Pitcillc Nortlwufit 
 
 l ' 
 
 Cliic-C IvnuiiU'fi Thoni.is Skinner, and t-imics a crew of einliteen I'.nropeans and sixty-five Asiatics The 
 /l/>i:s.\iii/(i returned to the Atlantic in iHi)i, and alter making a few trips hiirncd at sea Decendier id, is.,i lui 
 crew and passenj;ers liein^ rescued l)y tlie steanisliip .S/>;vv 
 
 l''or a connecting; link lietween the Cana<lian I'acific Kailway terniinns and the t'nited Stales, the C.iiiailiiin 
 I'acilic Navijjation Company lonstrncled the steamer /'ifiiiirr. She was hiiill liy the I'liion Iron Works ol Siiii 
 l-'rancisco, was two hundred feet loii^. fort> three feel Ixam, and ten leet hold, with a steel hull and wnmliii 
 upper works, and was fitted with triple compound eii^jines twenty three and one half, tliirly-fonr and one li;il|, 
 and fifty fonr ami one half, liy thirty six inclus, with an eleven foot propeller. She anived at Victoria, ()rlolnr 
 Sth, in charjje of W. II. iMirKeson, captain, and J . I'. Jackson, iliiel engineer. She was at once pl.iced on tin- 
 roulo in command of Capt. iMank While, who had been rnnninn the /'r/'/in.u l.oiiisc an<l A'. /'. h'illiil. While w;is 
 succeeded liy Capt John O'Brien, and in alioilt i.So'>Capt. W. (lillioy was given the c.iptainey. While i)i i.iul,- 
 from Port 'rownscml in chaiHC of the latter, with Iv ('.. MaiiKhman, pilot, the steamer collide<l with the steaiu--lii|) 
 W'illaiiKiti- off Manowstoiie Point at i:,V' a. m., October H, i.Sijj. The I'teiiiiir sank in a few momeiils, ami 
 several of her passengers were instantiv killed (see wreck of I'niiiiei, 1S9J). .She was afterward raisid 1;\ 
 Commodore John Irving and placed mi llie \anconver ronte, where she has since been lunninn in charge ol Cipi 
 Oeorne Uudliii, uilh 'I' ('•. Mitchell, eiinineei. Her n.ime has lecently been chan^jed to I'luiniicr. 
 
 The Minnie, the fust steamer built at \'aiii'onvci , li. C, was laniiched in is.s; by J. Iv T. Mile lull nl 
 Seattle and is still in service. The /liult;ir, a propeller seventy live feet loiiy;, foniteen feet beam, and si;; li 1 1 
 hold, w;is 1, lunched at X'ictoria, ( htobci loth, for Hare .V Oakes. ,Slie was used in towinj; scows between 
 NIanaiino and Victoria, and was wrecked 1 >> i iiiibcr 1(1, i.Scin. The underwriters sold her to the owner.-, for jids'i, 
 and she was subseipienlly laised and repaired. The steamer /lasi-i was lciij;thened twenty-one feet, and as llie 
 A'((/«/'<>ri' coinminccd rniinui^; on the New Weslininster and Victoria loiite ill command of Captain Caviii, ulm 
 reinained with her until l.Sijo, wluii hu was succeeded by Cipt.iins James (loff and Oeorne Marchaiit. 'I'lie 
 steamer Miiii'i. teiiv;lli seventyeinlit feet six inches, beam toiirtceii feet, depth of hold seven feel six iinhiv, 
 was lamiched at Victoria, Oitober J.'d, for I,. (1. I )ninbletoii. Captain .Savary was first in chaine. and u.is 
 succeeded by l.'uniiinnhain, Uogers, Marcliaiil and <illiei captains, ( '.eorne .VIc( '.ienor serving as eii^;ineer. 'I'lic- 
 steamer IhniMiiiiii was also added to the lleet in 1H.S7, ruiiiiiii>; out of Vancouver most of the time, and in is.s., 
 w.is operated in opposition to tin- h'niiihiih' between Nanaiino and Vancouver. Captain Kogeis has liandleil lui 
 
 almost continuously since her <'oiisti iiclion. The /\'iil Slii>\ a diiiiimilivi- 
 
 propeller tliiity feet loiin iiitin<led for the Sicamoiis, was coiiipleti il ;il 
 
 ' Victoria for the Columbia .Milling Compaiiv. Other small sleaiiiiis 
 
 appearing in the Victoria district this year were the AV//, l'.i|ii.iiii 
 .\Iadili-n ; l-'.li ,1. Ml I'h.iidcn ; and the lii\, a steam launch biiill al 
 Wrangel, Alaska. 'I'lii' ancient llai.i-i was cominanded in iss; li\ 
 Capt. (icorge Hiowii, who made a few trips to Valde/ Island uilli 
 emigrants. Captain Williams w.as handling the llnrhniii llo\ii>:.ii on 
 northern routes. Other small steamers eng.ined al V'aiu'oiiver, Viclmia 
 and Nanaiino were the /lii/, C.apt.iin Johnson; /'.'/A/ H'liilf. Siiillli 
 l.otlii\ Hrowii ; Mitiuli\ Meyer anil Jones; \\',ui(/sii/i\ Oaidiiiei ami 
 Trenchaicl ; Sii Jiiiius /)<)iii;/<n, Cianliner; and the tug AUxniiilti. 
 Pamphlet. The steamship .Sr(/(/««r i was purchased by the Canadian 
 Pacilii- N'aviKalion Company and plaied on the route betwieii Poillaml 
 and Hrilisli Columbia points as ,1 feeder for the Canadian I'acilic 
 Railway, The liaiiip sleaniship liiloiiio, built at Siiiidei land in iss;, 
 arrived at Victoria, Octobei j.d, from Hongkong, wlieie she was 
 secured bv l>niisiiinir for the coal trade. The Sun I'fdyn was iNci 
 chartered Icji the same business. Other steamships in the coal and 
 passennei trade between ,San I''r;iiici.sc<) and Hiitish Coluiiibia uciv 
 the /imf>in\ Captain liutler ; .///<.>//, Iliiiilei ; // AV, Crawford iiicl 
 lilackbiirn ; (.lOj^r W. AAA/-, .\cklc\ .ind lliiiilcr: (i/v 0/ ('liislri, Wallace; /,l(ilii>. Cairoll and Innalls; .lA 'i>,<. 
 I Iniitinnton : I 'iiinli/id, Mlaikbiiin and llciliiics, W'lllnii^loii , Whitworth ; Wntla Wal/.i, Hansen; and llic 
 W'illiuiii ll,\ Hlackbniii. The 1. 10, Captain I.ennen, and the k'nilitk. C'aptaiii .\nclersoii, weic llll;nill^; to Al 1 I..1. 
 The \\'ihiihli;liui. Captain Ciage, also made a few tiips north. 
 
 rnilM.AS SKIN-NI K 
 
 Tliiiiiiiis Ski 11 Her, cliiereiiniiicLT Dfllie sliMiiisliip t'iiliiiiii, was licirn III l.i'illi, Sculliiiid, unci lias lici n rliHci); 'd in I lie inaiiicc 
 Imsilifss led l\\fnl\ six \c-ars. Me was a picnaM-i ciiLMMcc-r mi iIimm- clin.-ie-iil stc.ainshiii lines ln-lwcrn (I.ina .ctnl llic I'acitic i o'cil, 
 
 v\ll4M<* he iiiri\c-c| in iSS7wilIi lln* /'//////(/, rnninnv, licl w c en Vat i\e(.aiicl lIicciMfiil I'lioi Ici Ins actvenl c,>; Ihcl'aiilii c ,,,!sl, 
 
 Mr. Skillllet ilail ser\fc| ini passeli^el sleaint-is cml cil l.onclciii ,in<l l.calli Icn inaiu \i-ais, tilnl li.aci also li< i-n (-ii>',.i^ecl in cii-c | -..ilea 
 service in iiemly ever\- pari cl" tin* j^lcilie. 
 
 '(i*-c)i^<> Mi'C.te^in, engineer, nC V'iclctiia, |{. C, was lienii in Sccllancl in iH(n, and i-c)iiiiiiiin('il sleaiiilMcaliii^ cat I'.'tuaa^ 
 Inlcl Ml iKSH as I'lininetT (in llic Ahiiirl willi C'apl, (',eor>^e Mareliant, He wits allerwiiici on llie l.ollii'. Ilt^f*!' ancl liu I ■ ^ol'i 
 ea))laiiis MnnriK', Ilcilnies ami Nickersoii lie is |iart nwnei and enf;iii< c t mi the In^ S<uiu\ willi wliic h he wiaki-'l li»t c 1^ ,iU-i-ii 
 nionlhs mi lln- «rerk id Ihc- ■.liainsliiii S,iti /'ulm 
 
I iinjf lncrt::iHf in Hrilisli liolnnibiii'n Inhml ami Ooi'iin .S'/i'.j/h //(•(;/ 
 
 .545 
 
 ii;ili(s Tlic 
 I'l, l>^'/l. \m 
 
 llir l',ni;iili:iii 
 Vdiks (il Siiii 
 aiicl uiiodin 
 and (iiic liall, 
 iiiria. OclciluT 
 ilaci-il (III ilif 
 . Wliilcwas 
 I'liili- III i.'iili- 
 lllc .sl(.-aiii-.lii|i 
 llollR'Uls, ami 
 nil raisril hv 
 iar^;f <il (.'.qil 
 
 '. Milclwll (j| 
 , and M.: Ictl 
 'OWS |jrtW(i-|l 
 nei.> 1(11 5i i'l. 
 ■I, and as llic 
 n Cavin, wlin 
 iicliaiil. 'I'hc 
 
 l-l Ni\ illrllis, 
 
 iim', ami U.I-. 
 
 i^;ini( T. Till- 
 
 ■, and ill i ss., 
 
 ■> liandliil lui 
 
 •, a diiniiuilivi- 
 
 i loinpli-li (I Mt 
 
 nail sti-aiiiiis 
 
 AV//, l'a|.l.iui 
 
 llcll lilllll :il 
 
 in ins; \i\ 
 
 Island uilii 
 
 /!o\io:,ii nil 
 
 ivn. Virldiia 
 
 \'/iili\ Siiiilli: 
 
 ■ aidilici anil 
 
 H . til \ II mil I. 
 
 llic Caiijdi;iii 
 
 ,vi'i-n I'm lliiiiil 
 
 adiaii r.ii ilic 
 
 land 111 1.SS7, 
 
 nil- she was 
 
 'I'll uas ilsii 
 
 llic riial anil 
 
 dllinliia were 
 
 'lawfnld mil 
 
 ■alls; Ml >ii,>. 
 
 n : and llii- 
 
 ny\ to Al.iska. 
 
 <l in llic- iiMir.if 
 
 J,- l';l.-ilii I "'iM, 
 H- I'inilli litisl, 
 .1 III dc-f|' «mUt 
 
 inn 11" I'liii III''' 
 
 ,,.\ '/■/,i A, mill 
 
 .1 lol 1 1; iili-i-ll 
 
 'rile < JrcK'in I'aiilic Uailvvay wi-n- making hiliU (.lloils to islaldish a scapDil at \'a(|iiina, and incnaMil 
 lliiii Ik'fl ill 1HH7 with tliu W'llliiiiiflli- I'lilliv and luisleni Oi-ii^oii. 'I'la- lalti'i was a li^lil 'lialt iron stiainslii|i 
 limit at Ciii-stfr, IVnii., in iKH^ lin the Cliarli'ston X: I'lorida Slfanislii|) Ccini|iaii>', who iiilcnik-d liii to intir the- 
 iiinnlli of till' Si. Jolin's Uivi-r. Slii' was ihiistiiiod tlic ( ily «'/ I'lilnlkn. Init tin- yillow ItNii and tlii' Irost iilayi'd 
 ,111 11 havoc with thi' toniisl ami oraiini' IraiU- that she was sold at a sacriluv to the < )ri'^;on I'aiihc. Capt. < '.i-ornu 
 I'alnii was luT liisl master iiiukT this owiu-rship, and in i.Sijci she was piiichascd liy the- ( )i(j;on Iniprovi'mcnt 
 Ldiiipaiiy. After making a few trips lietweeti San l'"raiuiscii and the Sound, she alternated with the I'nmiir on 
 llic V'aiU'oiiver route until Deeeiiiher, iKijl, when she euilKl'l fire on the ^■ridiron at Olyinpia, and everything 
 CXI cpl the hare liiill was ilestro>ed. The W'illiiiiulli- Williv \\.\s hiiill at Wilininnloii in 1 .S,H,( and was fust in 
 cuiiiiiiand of Captains Mall and Kelly, who weie snceee<led liy I'alon ill l.SH(;, When the (tie>;on I'aiilic hecaine 
 liii incially Involved, the steamer was seized in San hVaiieiseo and has been in the hands of tlie court most of the 
 lime siiiee, the receiver ]ireferrill){ to leave her there and to perform her work with smaller steamers, which ran lie 
 (j|K lateil at less expense. The company iilso 
 lilllll the Inn Nisiiliilf, which was hatnlled on 
 lliclMr until i.S.S.S hy Capl. James kiilieilson,' 
 and sniiseipieiitly liy VV. J. Kickards, Chaili 1 
 I' l.ncky and S. J. Wheeler. As a feeder to 
 lliiii lail and sleaiiislii|> lines the company 
 cuiislrncted the ri\'cr steamer Williniii M. 
 Iliiiit;, a sternwlieeler one hnndred and fifty 
 licl loiiK. thirty two feet lieam, live feet six 
 iiii lies hold, with engines sixteen liy sixly 
 iiii lies. She was handlid hy Capl. Cicorne 
 Kaahe until l.Siji, and then liy Captains 
 Uiilicrt \'ounn and Miles Hell. In i.s.;( she 
 WIS cliartert'd by the Oregon l<ailwa\ iV 
 .\',ivi;;alioii Company and has been opciated 
 lis Iheill most of the lime since. The sUaiii 
 
 MliiiDiier Sii;iiiil, lenj;lli one hnndred and ,■,,, „,, ,, 
 
 lillv feel, beam thirty four k-v{ limi inches, 
 
 ileplli of hold thirteen feet cinht inches, w.is lannchcil at North Bend in 1.S.S7 .lud has been ennaj;cd in 
 llie I'oastiiiK Ir.ide siiire, most of llie time in comiuand of Captain Heudcnaid. The sleanier was operated lor a 
 liw nionths between I'orlland and Vancnuvci in ciiniicctiou willi the Canadian I'acillc Uailwa\. but piuviii^; too 
 sliiw lor that route icsunied her work as a lieinhtei. 
 
 The tn^ A'ii//i;ii\ leiixlh one liundnd and six feet four inches, beam Uvciily two Icel nine iiK Ins. ilcplh 
 111 hold ideveii iiet two inehes, was also set alhial al N'nrlh Mend and has since been employed on several 
 1)1 the bar harbors of the Northwest. The steamer lliisllc was completed at San l'"raucisci) by Matlhiw 
 Turner for K. 1). Hume al a cost of ;j^i(,,i.iij She was intended for the Uogne Uiver trade and was a ilonble- 
 eiider. having a four fool jiropeller forward and another six inches larner astern. Her dimensions were, 
 leii^;lh seventy two feet, beam eighteen feet, depth ten fei-1, with engines ten and twenty by twelve inches. 
 Capl |oliiiX». W'alvi).; Was placed in command, remaining; with her several years. W. V,. Hiown. 'William fox,' 
 
 Ii'iiii-, allcl having' slinili;.; 
 
 ■il NMi|iiiiia liny cm llii- liij; /■',i:;>iilr in iSHs 
 
 '^'iipl. Jnliii ^' W'nKi^ was 1 1(1111 in Sdi vva\ 111 r- [S. His lit st 111:11 in c ex iiciicticc w.c. in tin Niiiwct^imi Nav\ •> (icic he was 
 (-lll|'i<>\(-(| lis (lilfT (111 tile ^linlioal l\'lliti>l. 1 1(- cmilc l>. lilt' l*.ii llic ^dasl in l.Sd;. Ins lirst service llleie U'liifi as Ill;iri .in tJK* scdw 
 
 " ' ' i.'..i:..> ....(. ..(....(. 1 1 ■- . ... •'--,., VI als, ,.il"t(.rw;iri| 
 
 llKidlHT III/,- V 
 
 ■ ...c. .' ^ ..,.» I >,<> >,,. ^.,1,,,. .... ,^ i,,t,ri . I il > tiiiiT- ,.. 1 ,11 I'.ii llic ^ (lasl in l.sii/ . Ills nrsi service 1 neie iM'iiifi as Ill;iri .in UK* scdw 
 
 ■■I liiiiHicr (■irrii.'fiiiul, siiliseiiiiciilU l.ik inj.' 1 'iiihiimiiiI nl llie sclKKincr /•') ll::i<ll, willl wllieli lie iclliailleii lot over llirei vi .irs, ,'ill|.ru:iri| 
 
 ^. . i- . : ■! . .1 . . ■ .1 > .. 11. .!• :...!. .11 1 , ■ I r.. .1 ...1. .1. .1. */ / w 
 
 ■■I iiiioiicr ifli'riui'iiKil, siilisei|ii(.iill\ I. (kill).., I 'iiiiiiiMliil 111 llie scliiKincr fi il::,>H, with wllleli lie iclliailleil lot over Ihrei vi .its, ,'illeru:iri| 
 Mniii^ lis niiisiei i'lir a siniilai IciikHi 'it time (ill llie s(li<iiiii('is .llii f k'iml'nll .\\\A ( oiii , i . Ili'llicn loul' llie scliiKUicr /A7/ • V 
 l\niiliiill, wliicli he sailed fot iicail\ Imir \c.irs, (.vinn Ikiiii lier In llie I'-l ,V'ii///' 1111 I ,V(i.(7<i,/i, ii'iiiainiiiK "illi H"- liiller iiniil iln- 
 111)' ////\/A' was (■(inslrneUsl. Al'lei leavilli.; llie r/mtlr lie Idineil llie sr»-alll scllddllel ir////( (/((lid, e(illlliiaii(|liij'. I», iiiiil Iln I >r/ 
 
 ■N'."/(' allerilalelv lllllil Ucldlier, iHi^ii, win 11 li(. lodk llic sle.iinei .Suhi'I ulijcli lie Iiu^ .-inct .*iiccessliilh li, 111. lied, rm iil^; In wiiiniis 
 
 jHMi. Ill Utet^dii, Wasliinnlon .iiid ( ililiiini.i. 
 
 ■^ \\ . !■;. IllilWll, cllvjilleel , u.(. lilllll ill San l-'uillclsi (i in ISIH and c(illllllellri-.| Ills Millline si r\ ii c 111 I SSj ;(s dilet (in llle 
 
 sl(MrisIii|i /.'i7j,'/(, ^iilia' lilllll llel Id tile t'llhlhll'i lie scr\eil (ill llle (hii-t->l loin vi-iis ,is liliirnl, seidiiii .iiid licI assislanl, .-illd w.is 
 
 111' 11 a|i|i(iiii|e(| cliiel 111 llle sleanier / ii/'w. Il( mIsii Iu-l.,1 llliil iiiisilldli (III Ihi- Uu; I'lii .11.1 i\\ Ki.iiiic Uiver lur 11 lew ninnllls, ami 
 I'll 'lie DaHt rmir veiirK Iium liecii in eli.'irifc iA llie eiiuiiie-i-vHiiii (III llii. stiiiiav^lilsii .-ii^trd 
 
 , , «M .lie sillllllil / linrrt: i *,' ,,,sd iie»"i iiiiii ),ii:,iiiimi ",, lui. t iii^ # 
 
 I'll llie paKt font VflltN llMft Iiefll ill ell.ir^»e iH the ell^ille-rvMdll oil llle sleit««>llliyi .-l^ti;i' 
 
 ' VVil lilllll I'ox, engineer, of I Cm pit*- I il\ , (It., was Iiorii in * Ite^toii »t»(.l l^rTti.ii in 'he iiiai tin set \ iee dii !lie did ini; t I'liiiiihui. 
 ri'tiMiiiiii^ with her lur ne.irl\' hiu' veins Me was iilteiw.trd (■n^ia^^e(l a- nr^*! i^ssx^ti.uii and etiii I ( n^ineei iiti llle sieiiiiKt ii'ii'ii^i' II. 
 f >i ;'hi\ 1111(1 111 ih(. l.iii.-f !>'»siiid(i nil the scliniiiiri I htti.i! i **w . and i»»4i nw'mii bs on 'he iii^; /./•«(/ / ., which he Iheii cliatliMed. 
 Ih wan iiilrrwiird uii tliir Ui^ . ItiHie lor liKlllveli »i%nit>>. anil feuH reeuili'; liMat in etliimK iil tlit: e-iiKiiius on llie I ln\lli . 
 
«l 
 
 f* 
 
 t:i 
 
 if 
 
 i 
 
 f 
 
 II II 
 
 ii? 
 
 346 
 
 Lewis (J Drydtin's Marine History -J the Pacific Northwest 
 
 v. I 
 
 1'cti.T Mnrrigan" ami M. Herry' wtiu aiiioiiK lier t•ll^;illeers. I'uj{t''' Sound a(l<lt'(l a fine tH){l)oat to tlie toaslinn 
 lU-L't in i«.H7, till- /. ,)/. Cii/riiitiii. wliiili left Ihc ways at Scalllf, ()(-ti)l)cr 12II1. Slit- was inti'iiilecl for lowing at 
 Oray's Hailioi ami SlioalwaUr Hay, ami in tliat survia li'.s been liaii'llcd liy Cajit. Cliris Olsen.'' Iler 
 iliinuiisions arc, l(jnnlli sLvcnty-oni' fict five- inclus, Ix-arii fij;lit'-;!.n ffit tVinr inclii-S, dc'iitli seven feet (bur iiiclics, 
 with engines twelve and twenty-four by eighteen inches. The tug /'ioinrr was sold by the rorttan<lers in May 
 for$25,()i«) to A. I). Moore of I'orl Discovery and taken round by Capt. Dan McV'icar, who had commanded Ijer 
 while she was on the Columbia. 'I'he tuj; Miisliik\ on which Captain (lilniore had spent %2ii.i*»> in repair-., made 
 her trial trip May 27, 1H.S7. Tlie /. //. I.ihhy reappeared in August as a propeller. Captain Hritlain li.iviiij; 
 expended {517,0011 iu altering .and remodeling her. The Pacific N.ivigation CoiU|)any was organi/e 1 at Tai ciium 
 .March 7th, and engaged Capt. J. J. IloUaiul to construct the steruwlieeler .S'/v/i/// f'/r/V/, length one hiuidred ainl 
 thirty .seven feet five inches, beam twenty-six feet three inches, depth of hold five feet five inches. The stcaiiar 
 is still in service on the local mail route between Tacoiua ami Seattle and has recently been liandled by Ca])l. 
 August Hanson" and ICngineer Frank fironnds. The steamer /w»////Vv-, length eighty-one feet four inches, Iw-aiii 
 twenty leet nine inches, depth of hold nine feet, was launched at Seattle, July J7th, for J. Scoland, II. Ilaikiii-, 
 and J. I'euny. Her original owners solil her soon after coini)letion, an<l she has recently been in charge of C.ipt. 
 Mlmer Iv f.ibby.' Morgan it Hastings disposed of the /\'iisl/i> to liritish Columbia |)arties and aftcrwaid 
 purcha.sed the Wi/ihroo,/. (Jther snniU steamers built in the I'uget Sound district in f«.S7 were llu' A'uilli /!,iy 
 at Olympia, '/'o/a .it Ivigle Harbor, /lissif at Tacom.i, /><■ //mo at I'l.ist .Sound, Jiiiiiii- Juue for ,S(|uak I.ake, 
 
 /.iiiiKi Mdiiil at Lake Washington, and the 
 Violcl anil /'al;an at .Seattle. The /.. J. 
 /'(■n\\ constructed at Port Oamble in 1.S75, 
 was supplied with steam in 1.SH7 and is still 
 running on the Sound as a freighter. The 
 steam launch (hiavo, an Ivastern built craft, 
 also appeared at Seattle ; the old sternwlieelir 
 /ip/iyr was soUl to the Tacoma .Mill Cum 
 pany to be converted into a towboat , .nid 
 the steamer Qitfcn Cily was jmrchased by 
 .Stetson iS; Post. The livaufiel, Ca])tain Tarte, 
 was on the island route, and the h'orlli /'mi/n 
 and (iio>i;r /:. Slarr were rnnning to Mctoria 
 in command of Capt.iius Anderson, Koberts 
 and Wilson. The ()/yiii/iui>i had been leasid 
 to the Pacific Coast Steamship Company, vvlio 
 rail her to Alaska until October, when she 
 .igaiii took her jilace on the Mctoria route 
 ill I barge of Captain Auderscjii and Iviigiiitir 
 \'an Tassell. While in the Alaska trade she 
 w.is handled by Capt. James Carroll miiiI 
 Chief I'jigineer John Melville. The steaiiKis 
 /7/v7,. .,/ aii<l /■jiiiiiii //iiy.iiinl, vi\-\k\\ had 'imnuiiced ihvir racing career on the Columbia several years before. 
 engi^ji-d in contests of speed ne.irly every ':ay between s<,ittle and Tacoma. 
 
 .Several ye \rs had elapseil since a new steamer liad ajipearcd on the middle Cnlumliia, Iml in 1H.S7 tl.i- 
 Columbia Transportation Coinpanv , mI which the Coe Brothers, well known steaiiiboatmen, were leading spirits, 
 
 ' t'etcr Iliirri;;aii, eiinincer, wa.s horn in lr»-latnl in 18,(7 anil fnlloweil the water for several yi*;irs on llio Atlaiillr Coast iiii<i *tii 
 tii^liimls at llie niDnlli of the lielawari- Kiver. lie ninveil I'l Uii- I'aiifir CoaHt aliniit twenty vi-ars .inn anil jiiincil the sti-ain'.lii|i 
 /)iU'i>lti. He was in itie sti-ainsiiij) servii-i- to Panama, t'lima anil .Al.islta, anil llirn went to X'irj^inia ('it\' ami wurkeil jislioii' (or 
 i-ij:Iil ye;'.!--. On liis n-inni In- joini-'l lliu ^1- inslii|i fhtit//, willi wliuli In- r.-m iiDrtli lor aI)ont six inontli-.. Hi- vvas .'ifliTward will'. 
 Uii- Inn I liisUf .1' Konni- Kr.^-r lor a year aij.i .1 hall vjoiiiK from I In 11 In l.aki- Tahoc, whin- In- si-rvi-il as rliii-f of tin- sU-annr /.///</i 
 lor llirei- M-ars, ImiI weni iMck to sail water iml ioincd llie /■'nitillnu, rnnning to Ilnmliolilt. Wlien sin- was laiil nti lie went in.illi 
 on a whahiin rrn-se as rhiel of Ihi- steamer 'I htstle. He ma'k- a lri|( norlh fot ihr ■ antu-rieH in the same vessi-l, atnl on k-avhi^ In 1 
 |oim-il tin- /riiiiiiillr as lirsl assi-iant, Koinn "n 1 Mlialinij voyage lasting -.i Miiteen months. On his rfliirn In- joiniil tin- sic anisliip 
 //tntify, with whirh Vm- lias sinet- hi-*ii roiinet ictl. 
 
 ' M. Ilrrrv I iii'ineer, was ho '1 in Halttmon- iii iS)(j and arrivi-il on the l*a''ine Co.'ist m 1S55 on i he ri .i-niie cutter / iuiohi, 
 noinv I'.asl two \i-»i» later and retnn hik on >tie H'viiHi/n in iS^ii). Ilir ri'iiiiiniil with her fonr years and tlien wi-nl Hast a^ain '.vlnrr 
 lie IVV^iineil luitit tilt- .S/. /!/«/ slnins,! lot '.li» I'oast, when ho slii|i|iid uvoile,. I'or the next dei-adi- he was enniKeil on dilfcriiit 
 Htvnot Mhooner^, .Old was for at«iul .1 \ em . hii-f of llic Inn /'lu\llr on >i'.-n[nu River bar. He is at present on tin sli-aniei . Ilinz'ii. 
 "Ca|>« « hris Olsen »»> horn In \oiway in cS.si and Ijennn sm ,nn ont of San l-ranrisro as mntr on 1 hi- si hoiniir /. vi.vi' 
 ll'aiii/. I Mini thi IV III' wi'iil In 1 |>ilot lio.'it on .San I'ramisio liar h.i iwo years, lea\ mn her lo inlir Ihr roaslinK trade- on llii- 
 si-liooiiii titHNv ,Ut/i\ lie left h»* lo join Ihi- tiig ( oli iiinii on Shiial«nliT May, \vl:ich he has roinmaiided for the jiast eight v irs, 
 with 111 itili|l)artfis a\ Vortli Cow. towing on dray's Harhor and Uillapa liars. 
 
 "Capt. .AuKiisI Hanson was liorn in Sweden in i.Ss.V Alter folI'miiiK tin; si-a in various parts of tin- world. In arriiid in 
 ;l*orlIanii and roiiimeiii-i*»l sic-tmhoatinn on the Willanietli- Rivi-r, Iron Iheie goiiin to I'uget .Sound, when- hr was first uii^jat;i d ai 
 Ihe steam. T ) utiiiiu. Sittcv then he has had i-harKC of several well known steamers on the Sound, and li is ifrenlly been enj',.i;;iil 
 on the sti-arnrr t 'hiPii /ituwn. 
 
 < -tpl. lUiner Iv l.ililiy was liorn In .Maine In is'i^, arrived on the I'nilir Cnasl alionl 1S77, and lii-nm rnnning hi-t«ei-n San 
 l-'raniisi-w and Coos Hay on llie sli amship /V///irw. afu-rward noin^ to r^i^el Sonn-l, wlieii In- has siini- lu-i-n ronneitril wth a 
 luilMtier of hUiall slcaniers, his last Louiiiianil hc-ing the /i'tiiitni . 
 
 I .M. 
 
 I 
 
Laryii Incrnaw in British Columbian Inliind anil Ocean Stf:ini fluat 
 
 347 
 
 Cai-i . hAMI'KL A, lln 
 
 liiiiii' In-'<1, at Ilodd Kiver, Ih IVa.uo, a. cr)iiiino(lii)US i)ro]K;lliT Dm- lniiidrcil iiiid lliitly five fiet long, twfiitytwo 
 feel Ipciiin, 1111(1 six feet eiglit iiu-lies liold, with eii^jiiies twenty 1)V twenty im Ins, and slie arrived at The Dalles 
 (iij In r (irsl trip < )(lol)er 2i>tli in command DlCapt. U. C\ Coe. Slie was employed imt a short time on the ronte 
 |(ir which she was intended, was liron^lit over tlie Cascades in iMSi;, and a year later sent to I'n^et Sonnd, where 
 sill- was snl)se(inently purdiased l>y Capt. Samuel A. Hoyt,' who ran lier for a short time and then sold lier to 
 
 Ca])t. W. H. ICllis, Tile North Pacific I.ninher Com|)any at I'ortland 
 l)uilt the steriiwlicel steamer /'uiiiiif, one of the hest towhonts that 
 had yet appeared. She was one hundred and forty-two feel five 
 indies loii^, twenty einhl feet four inches heam, and six feet six 
 inches hold, with engines sixteen hy seventy-two inclies. Capt. 
 fa,_ Thomas Craiij; and Chief IviiKiiieer II. J. VViiiterhothani " were first 
 
 in ciiarj^e, and in iSSH Capt. I'raiik (iromids was master. \h: was 
 siiooeeded a year later by II. T. (lioves, who has since coniinanded, 
 M. Coates sirviii^ for a loiiK linu- as enniiieer. The steamer . \lii\hiiii, 
 which had been lyiiiK 'd the boneyard since her arrival from the Ivast, 
 made her trial tri]) May .Mst, with J. W. Troup, captain, Thomas 
 Smith, engineer. .She was shortly afterward placed on the seaside 
 route with the s.ime captain, .\. I,. I'ease, iiilol, \V. <',. Dillingham, 
 purser, and in the course of the summer eii^ajjed in several very 
 iiiterestinn races with the Tilephonr, in which the Oregon production 
 proved a trille too speedy for the bij; sidewlieeler. The I'ortland lS: 
 Coast .Steamship Company was ornani/ed December i Jtli by C'i.irles 
 i''. lieebe, I'". K. Arnold and Iv U. Stroiij^, the principal object being 
 to secure for I'ortland a larj^er portion of trade from the small towns 
 aloii)^ the coast. They secured the .\lliaiu,\ Ihilftliiii and (iiinrnl 
 .'///«, remodelinn and enlarj;lu(; the latter steamer and n;uiiin>( her 
 the \\'ill<if>ii. With this Meet the new company enjoyed a lucrative 
 ti.ule until the coinoi: tic:, of the railroad to Ciray's Harbor and 
 Shoalwater Hay cut ofl iwc/ of their best sources of re\eiiue. 
 I'". M. Warren, the canueryniau, built the fast propeller i'miliui ;it I'ortland in rMS7, Tin- I'liiilaii was 
 -.ixlv cij^lit feet loii^;, fifteen feet beam, and five feet liolil. with two ten by twelve incli engines. She w;is first 
 ionini;iiidcd !)>■ Cajit. Charles I looglikirk,' ' who ran her belvv cii S-iiid Island and Cathlamet, carrying fish, and 
 iilteiwanl by h'red (',. I.ewis, A. 1'. Warren and W. Iv Warren, .'n i Hc,2 she was boii;;hl by I), h". Drysdale, a 
 pniiiiineiit salmon caiiuer at I'oint Roberts. Capt. V,. W. Sliencer con- 
 
 striii ted the steanur .Mann at Portland for use as a ferry between the , 
 
 'ily iiid the suburb-, on the eastern bank. He operate<l her successfully 
 iiMlil i,H,H(j and then disposeil of her to h'oster & Sales. She was afti r- 
 Uiinl sold to Vincent Cook, the Clifton cauueryniaii. and handled by 
 1-'.i]p1 Wilbur liabbid^je. The .llnnn was sixty-nine feet ei^jht inches 
 loiij;, thirteen feet beam, and five feel hold, with ten b\' twelve inch 
 i'Mihle engines. The old I'mKOir.ri was jiurchased by V li. Jones, who 
 
 Cjipl. S;uiiiu-I A. Ilovl (il Sc.'iUle was Itdiu in Hnsu.ii, .Miiss., in is^.^, itinl 
 All' 11 .1 \()irti^ iiiiin fiiti'tcil tin- finiilin ot the Ho^lnn, Itiiltnimu- \ Norldlk Mcmii 
 'i : ^'''inpjin\-. Ill' < aiiif In the I'.n ilu' t'nasl il. r>77 ami ran fm a slu.r' tiiiu- 
 ''■i'.\' en San i'ralicisro, I'oillailil anil I'li^i-I SoiiimI, li-avinj^ litis rniitf lo cn^a^;!- in 
 ^u-;inil,.)alin^i "n Ilu- Soum!, where hr lias < nniinamlc'l M-\cial well know ii su .iincis 
 iii'i lias hafi nnirormly ^nn.l In<k with r\rr\ vcss(l wuli whi< h he has itrn itiii 
 intliil. Ill- was harbor inasUT at St-a'llc tor Ihrt'i- years, anil soon aflei letillri^ 
 '■'iiii this position pnrchaseil the steamer U'ti^m ami opemleil her on various routes 
 "HI il SeattU'. Ca|)tain llnyt was a hoyhooil lonipanion nnil life lon^ frieml ol 
 I'llni Hoyle O'Ueilly, ami roouieil with him in Moston for a iiiiinher of years when 
 III. 11 ^jifted man was nnknnun lo lame. 
 
 "II. J. Winterholham, engineer, was horn in .Maine in |H,|>,<;, at the .a^;e of 
 liflci II he^jan HoiiiK to sea, ami on his first trip was shipwreekeil olf the eoasl ol 
 ^^' ■ I'lundianil, when he was one of three resciUMl in a erew of thirteen. \'oniij; 
 ^^11 ■■ ilioihatn was taken to lilas^ow hy the reselling shiji aini from tiiere went 
 ''111. Ill M, line, where hi- .'i^ain shippeii on a men-hant vessel for X'ene/m-la. On 
 
 '!■■ 11 iinn he enlereil the serviee of llie Doslon .V Hannor .Steamship l.'onip;ili v as " I Wisi i mn.i ii vm 
 
 i'liiiini anil woikeil np to the jmsilioii of i hiel engineer. In the wirit.T «)f ISS? 
 
 -11 1' ilii-'l the Uohimhia Uiver ami sei-iiii-il employment on llii- sti-.-mier t-'.dilli, wlinh he left in a few tnonihs lo lake a position u\\ 
 ■111 . iMi-iiiiver .-iii'l Alhina ferries Win n I lie .N'ortji P.iillie I. mnhi-r Company hiiill llie sli-amer /■,/««;'/ he was plai-c-il in ^llar^;e of 
 ■I'-i urines, remaining there tor line** yi-.-irs ami a half. I-'or the pas! live \ears In- has heen in the serviee of the \ amonver 
 Iriin .portalion Conipniiy as ihii-f engineer of llie steamer l.uitiiie. 
 
 'Capt Charl*-- JEoo^hkirk came lo ihe racilii- Coast ahoiil iSSi, havin;; jirevimisly lu-en eiij^a^eil in sleamhoalin^ on Ihe .St. 
 I'll; 1 Ohio and Missi.-..sippi rivers. He was in the employ of llie Colnmhia kiver Transiiortation Com|iany on the steamers /■'//■rliiinoit 
 iii'i Urf^/iintr ri>r several vearB. and on .,-a\in^ there look eomm.-nni of the new rttilltiti, wliii h he hamllt-d sneeessfiilly for tw't 
 \i-t' He was next in ■ li»rr»- of Ihe ( \<lt>ui\ rniinin^^ as a lerry hetwei-n .-\lliina and I'or'land, and when llie (-lerlrir t-ars 
 'il---'"- 111 that lield for sleiiii|i*T 'n- seriiied an interest in the Itnlilii. He was also master of Ihe steamer Hatltc /It'llf for a shrirl 
 
 ii 
 
.VI « 
 
 Lowis (J DryJen's Marine History of tlm FncHlc Nnrthwvat 
 
 !;'i 
 
 iisc<l the macliiiit'iy and lioiisc in i-oiistructiiiK the A/drin, a towlioat one hiiiidrcd and lil'teen feet loiij;, t\vciil\ inm 
 fi'fl lieain, ami live ('eel nine inches hold. Tiie steamer Wallmk-i was hnill at Astoria hy J. II. 1). (liay and lulm 
 (1. Ulake and alter johhinj; aliont the lower river for a few years was sent to Yai|nina. Capt. Wdliam Keliliild oj 
 Astoria foMDWed np his former sneeesses, the I'oyotr and /iiipnn'iiiinil, with the steam scow O. A',, wiiidi is siin 
 in .service. T. K. Jolin.son, tlie diver, ei>mplete<l llie small propeller Si>f>/iiii at Astoria for use in connection with 
 his divinj; operations. Ca])t. I.ewis (l. Haaven of Astoria lannciied a pecidiarly constrncted craft, wlin li In- 
 christened the J'nilii. It was nearly Hat on the l)ottoni and was desijjned to skim alon^ the snrliue of tin- u.iiir 
 witli Kri^iit speed. Unfortnnately the new deimrtiire was a failnre and had to he relniilt to meet tlie appiovil i>| 
 tlie iiisi)ectors. She was afterward sold to J. (). Ilanthorn, the Astoria cainieryman, and is still in iisi mi tin- 
 lower rivi r. 
 
 The steam launch /)is/>(itili, which is said to have cost the United States (Government over j^ido.och), w.is 
 sohl in I,s;-i7 to ("leor^e T. Meyers and snl)se(|nently sent to the Sound. The /'A/k/A// had lieen alleniaUly 
 lenKthene<l and shortened and. trans|)orted to an<l from different places in the Northwest for several years, and lor 
 half a decade hefore Meyers .secured her had heeii used as a pleasure and dispatch boat hy the officers ai I'dil 
 Vancouver, Captains Claud Troup and John Ja>{>;y rumiiuK as masters, with Kred C. Hell,'" engineer. The sli;jnur 
 Kfsl/css was huilt at I'arkershinn hy Capt. Oeinnc W. I.eneve and Hvan Morgan" and afterward passed iiitu lln- 
 hands of Robert p'redericks, who operated her for a numhcr of years, A small steam launch, the /uniiln, w,is 
 ciHni)leled at I'orterville hy William koss and ran out of Marshfield for a short time. At Astoria the Clalsii]i Mill 
 Company launched a handsome little ])r(>|)eller, the '/'oiu/nin. She was sixty four feet lon^;, sixteen feet live inc lies 
 heaiu, and five feet one inch hold. A similar craft, the h'usl/ii, was constructed at Ilocpiiam, Wash., and is slill 
 in the service of the Iloiitiiam Mills. 
 
 Other small steamers set alloat in - / • 
 
 18.S7 were the Smi Juan, built in 
 ICasl Portland and afterwar<l sent to 
 I'unel SouikI, the llallie at Astoria 
 for I. N. llenness, to run on Shoal- 
 water Hay and the Nasel River, and 
 the Moro, a steam launch with a five 
 by seven inch engine at l'orllan<l by 
 !•;. R. Willard. 'Plie lliilli, is at i)res- 
 cut owned by Otto Hall of Ilwaco. 
 The steamer Miihi\^n)i, comiileted at 
 Portland in iS.S), was sent to Puj(et 
 Sound, Capt. W. II. Hobs(jn .nid 
 luigineer O.scar Wilson lakiuK her 
 arimnd. Steam navijfation, which 
 had been inaugurated on Kootenai 
 River and I.ake by the steamer 
 Miidiif in i.S8f), was continued the fol- 
 lowing vear by the Siit/»i.si\ (mliiiii 
 and /HiK Hell. The .Siir/»i.si\ the second steamer on the lake, was a steam lauiuli thirty-five leet long, of IvisUiii 
 conslruction, brought in on wheels b\ the Kootenai Mining & Smelting Company, who operated her lielwieii 
 Honner's h'erry and the point where Nelson, H. C, now stands. The (inlnni, the i)ioneer on the lake with siiil:i'ik- 
 accomnuMlalions for pa.ssengers, was a twin-screw pro]>eller built ;il Honner's I-'erry in 1.S.S7 by the Konlniai 
 Milling iV Smelling Company She made regular trips on the lake and river for four or five seasons and is lill 
 in existence, with lHii(l(piarters at Pilot Kay, H. C. Capt. (icorge Ilay ward,'' now with the Colund)ia \- KonlniMi 
 Navigation Company, was her first master, and Hiram S. .Sweet" was engineer. The steamer Ji/iir Hi II was 
 launched at Honner's Kerry, but alter making one trip to the boundary line was taken to I.ake I'eiid d'Oreille. 
 
 It V 
 
 "■■'redC. Kill, eiinimer, was lioni in Ohio in i.Sd?. His liisl nnirinc evin'iirncc w;is iiii Ilie ('.Dvcrnniinl slranicr Pi./idlJi 
 al VanionviM in iS.Sj. lie left there aliDUi |SS.| and fur the past ten yi-ais ha. hciii I'lina^inl <in slranu-rs <in the nip|R-r I'lihiiiiln c and 
 lakps. On Cum d'Alcnc l.aki- he served as ehlef ennmeer <in tin- .liiiiii,! ll'hiiilnii , I ulllillm . I\,lh\ < .'nlii:ll Slii'i iiiiin, i riii 
 it' .-Unit', A'lh'/rniti, fi'ivtxtti (>(i/v*\ and a iinndier ol' others Me was for several eamths in the eni|do\ of the Colmnhiji vt Kooli-iiai 
 Steam Naviv;ation Company, and was in rharge of the engines on their line steamer ( 'i>lninl>i<t nntil she hnrneil near tlie hinuid.-iry 
 line in is>|.|. 
 
 " ICvan MotKan, engineer, of Itandon, Or., was horn in Illinois in 1S61 nml I'omnieneed in the nnirine serviee at .San I'l.ini isiii 
 in 1.S72. His lirsl work .is enj^tneer was on the tng A'lt/ir Ciio/,\ where he remained for six years. lie was afterwaicl on the s!r;tMiei 
 A'ii//i ■,■, for a year and the . Ilii/ for three years, lie is at present chief of the sti-amer />i\/'(il,/i 
 
 '*Capt. ( letir^^e I lay ward has seen nM)re vears of serviee on the npper ("olumliia kive'' and Kootenai I.ake than an\ oi ti, '!i:tii 
 eny^a^ed in the husiiiess. .Xfter leavinj^ the (litleiln he ellti-ted the employ ol the Colinnhia iSc Kootenai .Steam Na\i>^aIiori Cinn'j.inv 
 at the time ol then organi/.ation and has been with them sime, iecenll\ h.iviuj: eh.ir^e of Ihestcnner Xt-I\i>n. Wlnle i ri-.M^jed 
 ill sleamliuatin^; Ciptain Ilayw.ird oi-e.isionally furnished niineis with ;i " ^nil> sl.ike," and -me cif these inveslmeiits tinned .n' su 
 well that he is III a fair way to heeonie a inillic>naire frcmi the proeeirds, hein^ the piineipal owner of llu' Nohle I-'ive iniin die 
 Kootenai eoiinlry. 
 
 '''Ilirain S. Sweet, engineer, of Nelsim, II, C, was horn in Charleston. S. C, in iS.(7. After fol!owin^; the steainshi|> I'l 
 in various parts of the world for several years, he airived in the Northwest in the fall of ISH^J, and the following spriiiK w.i* ei 
 
 |«<-' 
 
, tweiil\ 1(1111 
 ay ami JmIui 
 
 II Kclllic'icl III 
 
 wliii ll is still 
 
 lll'<llllll Ullll 
 
 It, wlmli lie 
 111 till- u.iicr 
 L' a|iiiiij\.il III 
 
 I use nil llif 
 
 ilOO.dlKl, W.IS 
 
 II altLTiiatrly 
 'ears, anil Im 
 "u't'is al I'liil 
 
 Tin- stiaiiuT 
 ssimI iiitii till- 
 • Itoiiilii, was 
 
 Clatsop Mill 
 cl (wv inrliis 
 I., Ullll is still 
 
 ^;, III Ivisti-ni 
 
 IT lll-lWltll 
 with siiitaiik- 
 lllu Kniilinai 
 anil i-' till 
 \ KuotriKii 
 UiK' lull was 
 il'Oivillc. 
 
 nim-r Pi^lMl.h 
 l',,liiinl.i:i iiimI 
 
 ■<hi'> IHilH. I I lit 
 
 >iii ,S: Kiiiililiai 
 I (lie liuiiii.l.iry 
 
 I San 1m. Ill' i-'i" 
 III Hit- ^li.uiu-l 
 
 i\ cillu I 111:111 
 
 illlClll C()1M|I.II1V 
 
 WlillL-i'ii;:iiKi'il 
 
 Uiilli'.l Mill »u 
 
 VI- iiiim- '■ till" 
 
 insliip liii im-»» 
 m wiinciuvigwl 
 
 I nrgt) Increase in British Coliimbi-iH Inland and Ocean Stvam Fhot 
 
 349 
 
 'I'lic I'lini-t SdiiiiiI iSt Hritisii Cotiiinliisi liiinlicr nnd tin- Ciiliiml)iii Kivtr uriiiii niid nmir fluct were nlioiil tin- 
 
 saiiii- as iliniiiH tlif jin-vioiis year. Tlie latter iiicliuli'i! sc-viiity livo vL'.ssels, the largest of wliiili was llii' Mritisli 
 slii|i I'liDi liiiihiiiiiiii. -'.nyj tons, anil the siiialli-st the Miitisli liaik .him, .(Ho Ions, .Sixty two of the vessels were 
 iiM I i.Mou tons, twenty nine over i,,(i"i, sixteen over i.so", einhl over 1,7110, lour over i.ijui) and three oM-i 
 
 2, li'oiir uraiii earj'oes were also shiii|)eil loreinn lioni the Soniiil ; the Uritish hark Afailiixi, His tons, shij) 
 
 \\-,'hlii>, i.ijHj, Aineriean slii|) .S7. /hiviil. i,.s.l'i, and .S7. /•riunh, i,Sii, All iiii|iortaiit arrival was the first 
 vi's i-l to load at an I'jinlish port I'or I'liKel Soniiil, tlie Aineriean ship (niviiiMi/, Capt. W. I'". .Stetson, ut I'orl 
 Tiiwiisend, .Mareli nth. The Itritish ship ( khw/i' (>/ /l/c/vi/z/cM, one of the Portland uraiii lleet, had an exi-itinj; 
 ran anaiiisl time in |H,S7. .She left Astoria in the inorninn and aniliored in the I'ortlaiid harlior limits in the 
 tvi iiiiiK. li^'*-' minutes lieloie her ihaiter expired, tliiis Siivinn over #7,oik) lor her owners. She was lowed as lai 
 as Kalaina liy the Oiklnhmiiii and from there into I'ortl.'ind was assisted hy the Ihxif '/'lii<iiif>si>n, lioth steamers 
 iiiiiiiiiiH wide open all the way. .Sailing; ves.sels hiiill in the Northwest in 1.SH7 inelnded the (ollowin^; : At 
 I'liil lllakely liarkeiilincs AVAc;/ Smlilfii, one hundred and sixty-seven feel Ioiik, thirty-seven feet seven inelies 
 liciiii, loiirteen feet two inelies hold, tonnage (nU ; S. (i. Wililrt, one hundred and sixty-six feel ei^lit iiii lies 
 liiiiH. thirty seven feet three inelies he.ini, hfteen feel liolil, toiinane fm.; ; seliooners l.ir.Lie I'li/nr, one hiinilreil 
 ami liMty einlil feet lon^, thirty-six feet one iiieh lieain, eleven feel three inelies hold, loiiiiav;e 1,^4. 97 ; /■'/-(/ A'. 
 .S<i//(/(-;, one hnndred and fifly-.seven feel loiiK. thirty seven feet one iiieli lie.im, eleven leel three iiulies liold, 
 liiiiiiaKe \(i,', ; /■. .V A'ii//ii'/i/, (Uie hundred and lifly-nine feet six ineliis Ion;;, .seventeen lii I lour iiiihes heani, 
 i-li-vin feel tour iiulies hold. At I'orl l.udlow sehooiier //'. I'. Jiiciil, one liuiidied ami fifty live feet seven 
 Ini Ins loiiK, thirty seven feet seven inches he.aiii, twelve feet hold, toiiiiay;e |SJ. p;; four masted .sihoonei h'i/sn/'. 
 tiiiiiiaKe 7.S,S.f<.l- At I'orl 'rownseiid sihoniu-r /.iiiii/in, one hiindred and forty three feet loiiy;, thirty six feel 
 lieaiii, tell feel four inelies hold. At lIoi|uiain si-hooni-is \'i>liiiilci> , one hiindriil and twenty eij^lit feet foiii 
 iiiilies loiin, tliirty eiKhl feel nine inelies heam, twelve feet hold, tonnage ,S7"..S.S ; I'ikiui) , one hundreil and 
 Uiiity eij^lit feel live inelies lonn, thirty-six feel three inelies lieain, Isvelve feel live inches hold, lonnane .ii;7- 
 
 .\ perusal of the wreck reports as ehronieled in these pa^es will iiii|)iess even Ihe casual reader with tlie 
 siiij;ular lad that, lioiii the time when the .Uiiiliit;iiiii- and /.iml /\'iii;/iii/ sailed to their unknown fate, and I'latsoii 
 Ili-arli w.is slrewil with the bodies of the victims of the (niiirnl It'unri/, to llie winli-r of lKi)| i>s, wlii'ii the 
 Iviiiiliiif, AV .1 V'-z/rt/r and il/nw/.v/v^yf/ carried their eiitiri.- crews to .1 eomiiion ^rave somewhere in the depths ol the 
 (Hi-aii, the j;reatest marine disasters of the Nnrtliwest have seldom eoiiie sin),;ly, II is a iilieslion whether this is 
 ilm- to perioilieal relaxiitions of vi^;il.■lllee on the part of the brave men who " jjo down to the sea in ships," or 
 wlullier al irregular iiilerv,ils the Pacific belies its name and sweeps out of existence the ailveiilurons spirits who 
 fill years h.ive lloatcd safely on its bosoiii. However, the lad remains tli.it the N'orthwcst has siiffeiid from 
 several of these epidemics of marine disaster. An epoch of this nature licnaii in September, i.S.S^, when the baik 
 Sii nil Nivitila sailed from the Sound for .'.,111 I'lancisco and was never licanl lioin. A lew niouths later the 
 lliui'iv Mills louudered olf Cape l'"l,ittery, only two e,'.c;ipiiin, nnd in .April, iH,S7, tin- ,S'/. .\li/>liiii\ w.is lost oil 
 \'aMciiuver Island, not one surviving; to tell the story of tin- last struj;nle with the waves. 
 
 The American s\\i\i /■.lilnnn/ii. from Seattle for San iMancLsco, foninlered ofl'Cape I'Mattciy, Apiil isl, li-.iviiin 
 Iml two survivors, .She left the (Jueeii City in tow of the tu^ /t'l'', March .'otli, with 1,001 1 Ions of coal aboard 
 aii'l the following; crew : .S, I,. Humphreys, master; Charles Wilson, first male; Charles baickson, seiond mate; 
 .•saiiniel l.elilormann, carpenter; Minknowii). steward; ImciI Mills, cabin boy; Peter Peterson, John Chrislianseii, 
 J.iims Scott, fled Melsoii, Charles Hill, J.iines Carlson, Peter Miller and Michael Anderson, seamen, .She 
 L-iniiiinteied a terrible sontlie.ist ^.ale soon alter leaving the cape and sprang; a leak April isl. The ]>umps weic 
 iimilile to keep her frei-, .-11111 al .S:iiii e. m, she laid nvei and would not recover. While in this position two 01 
 tliMi lar^e seas boarded her ami sent her to the bolloin, 'flie second mate and three seamen, who wx-ie on lop nl 
 till aller house, made a r.ill on which lluy lloatcd away from the rest of the wreckage. Mricksoii and one of tin- 
 MMiiK-n perished from exposure on the second, and Peter Miller and Michael Anderson were picked up soon 
 afleiwaid by the .sehooiu-r /'iiiiiiii- /hiliin/. Capl, I 'an barley, and taken lo Taconia. Tin- /■'.lilfniiln was of 1.07(1 
 tuns re(;islei and fiftei-n \eais old. .She was owned b\ A. M, .Simiison. William I'alleisou, II 1. ;,ind Thomas 
 IViiiiell, The American ship .S7. Sli'/>lii in, from .Seattle for .San P'rancisco with a carno of coal -vas 'osl on tlie 
 wesl coast of Vancouver Island about April i;tli, all on board ]ierisliinn with her. Captain ;)oitKlass was 
 aniiiiipanied by his wile and three cliildieu and a crew of seventeen. Details of the disastei will ne\ci be known, 
 as iiothillj; was seen of the vessel, after she left t'api- b'laltery, unlil soiiu- Indians saw her sliikc a reel oil' 
 KMii|Uol Sound on the e\-t-iiiiin of ,\|)iilolh 'flic next moiuiii/; a small portion of her hull was all that was 
 vimMc above the water. Two Whilcliall Imals washed .isliore, one of them badly d.-iinancil and the oilier 
 c'iiiii|iaratively uniiijnred. The heavy sea which was riiiiuinn at the time had uudonbtedly reuilered any allcinpt 
 to i-scape by such means nseless. Several days after the wreck a coiu|)ass case conlaininn H"' pri\ali- 
 
 1111 ilu- Co-nt irAli-iu- l,;iki- stratniT < >iiifiiil Sliri niiiii with (,'aptiiin Snit-nsKti, j^oin^ (mm lu-r In Iln- jnoin'IU-i Idalu*, now ni; K noli- 11 hi 
 i.iik-- III- siili'.i-i|U(-nll\ spent a IV-w monllis nii tin- sli-ami-r i'uitiir. thiir ami llii-n wi-nt to Alaska (m a M-ai ,-iml a half. In ISS; 
 111- i\.is i'in|iln\i'il Inr a shnrt tiim- on slisinirrs lirlwi-i-n San j-'iam-iscu .iml Porllaml ami tlirii itlnini-il to tin- inli-iinr, wlii-n- In- 
 111' .'H-'l till' fiij.;iiu-s nn llir I'l-ml iroii-illi- l.aki- sti-ami-i rii'sii'U ■ \\v tlini si-i \i'<l on tin- Hint' lU-ll , nwneil liy I*r, Hi-mli i\. In ilie 
 111!' .1 iHSS Ik- \\«-iiI to Kooli-nai j.aki* ami jilaii-'l tin- inatlum-i\- in tin- i<iil>itn, wlwit- lie was i'I1^,i>^(m1 as i-llii-l ellKini-ei toni \-eais, 
 li-.i nn Iht til eiilri tin- riii|iloy orilu- Colninliia .S: Kooli-nai .Sli-ain .Navi>;atlon l.'onipaiiy. 
 
 I [ 
 
,VS" 
 
 lowis cf Dryrlvn's Marine HIstnry of tho Pacillc Northmutt 
 
 corri'spniulc'iicc of Ciiptniii Donjjlass ciiine iisliori' ami was scciiumI by tlie Indians, Imt notliinn furlliiT was rvcr 
 heard ol the ill slarivd vtssid and Irt faU'd cii'W 
 
 Si'ViTal othiT sailing vi'smIs init with disasUT in 1HM7. Thf first of the (lii't to coini' to ^riif wns iliu 
 llolivian hrin /tiiir, Capl. William Sllhrr^;, Ininlur lailon from I'ort Towiiscml fur tlu- l-'iji Islands. Shv siulul 
 from I'ort Townsi'iid, January ist, and that I'vcninj,' t'ni'oiiiitcrc<l a heavy naif, whii'li started her to leaking mi 
 liadly that all hands at the pumps conld not keep Iut free. The deck load was thrown over liut to no pni|'iisc 
 and at .S:,v> A. m., January 2d, she was altandoned thirty miles west southwest of Ca|)e I'lattery. The iii w ui ic 
 picked up hy the ship //dy;/()/,v and landed at I'ort Townsend. The vessel was old and rotten. The Ainii ic :iii 
 hark .liishia, Capt. (leorne \\. De I, ami, while iii roidc from .San l''raiicisco to Tacoma with one passcnuii .mhI .1 
 crew of sixteen, stranded on I'latlery Rocks, aliout one-fourth of a mile from the m.iinliind, January 21st Tin 
 ves.sel was carrying; coiisideralile sail, an<l the wind was lilowiu); a hurricane. I'nder these comlitious shi liail 
 little chance to esca|)e after striking. A strong current and heavy swell are jjiven as causes for the disaster. The 
 vessel registered 1,2,10 tons, was sixteen years old, .ind was owned liy A. M. Simpson. The steamer Loltiv. luiill 
 at Cypress, W ash., in 1H.S2, strni'k the rocks and liecame a tot.il loss while k"'"K lhronnh Deception I'liss <hiiiii^; 
 a blinding; snowstorm in I-'elirnary. .She was owned liy C.ipt. .S. .Sweeny. The sealing schooner l\i(^l',<, 
 helonjjin;; to J. I). Warren and commanded liy Capt.iin Itodd, was driven ashore near the Nitnat Uivcr, .iIkhiI 
 thirty miles south of Cape licale Iiecendier 2'ith, and became .1 conijilcte wreck. The cnplain and crew reaclml 
 
 shore in safety. The Anar 
 icaii ship Dicaii A'li/i;, Cajit. 
 C. H. .Sawyer, "a fom-inastti 
 of 2, .(.14 tons re^;islcr. fomi 
 dered at .sea forty miles west 
 northwest of Cajie lil.uicn, 
 while rn roiilf from NaiiaiMwi 
 to ,S;in I'cdro ailh .V'^^so tuns 
 of coal. A strong; ^alc ami 
 heavy sea caused her to leak 
 liadly, and soon afterw.ird llu 
 puni]) KCixt broke. It u.■l^ 
 repaired so that one pump 
 was ke|it K"i'iK for three davs 
 before she was idiaiiiloiicil. 
 The crew were taken oil liy 
 the schooner An^cl lh)ll\\ 
 Captain Tellus, which lr,iiis 
 ferred them to the I'Mileil 
 .Slates steam launch ('i<>iii(n, 
 by wdiicli they were lamltil 
 at I'ort Townsen<l, .May i.'lh. 
 .She was valued at Js"""' 
 and her c.ir>;o at jtr s.ooo. 
 
 The bark />i<i>i(i. (.'up 
 tain Meyer, from I'ort Ci.un 
 ble for .Sydney with a carKu 
 
 of lumber, was lost 011 Starbuck Island, in the .South I'acific Ocean, August iilli, and all hands were saved. 
 The steam schooner Oiicrn of llic liny, owned and sailed by Capt. lira/.il (ironnds. was wrecked at the mouth of 
 the Xeli.ilem River, Septendier 1 r th. draKK'"K ashore with both anchors clown and becoming a tot.al los>, Tlu- 
 
 S lAMSllll' 
 
 Hritish bark /huluss ,1/ .1 ri;ylc, i.Thji; tons, Capt. II. IC. Heard, from I,iverp( 
 
 ir liurr.ird's Inlet, went aslmn 
 
 dnrillK a thick fo^ five miles south of I'ort .San Juan, October rith, and was r.ipidly iioundeil lo |)ieces by llic 
 surf .She was a handsome f<inr master, two hnudred and fifty feet lon^;, forty-one feet beam, and twenty one led 
 hold. The barkentiiie dracc h'ulicrh. one of the first lar^e sailing; vessels built on I'ti^et .Sound, was lost on 
 
 December ,Slh. She 'as in cll,•lr^;e of Capl M. 
 
 North lie.ich, a few miles above the 
 
 nil of the Coll 
 
 r<arseu, went on diirinj; ,1 thick fii^. and. as she was old and tender, soon went to jiieces. The wreck ums 
 
 |iiirchased by .Martin Fi 
 
 .f Asto 
 
 The Oregon I'acific steamship Ydi/niiiii ( V/r parted her' 
 
 I'hile enleriuH \'ai|uina harbor. December (tli, and drifted ashore, becomiu^; a total loss ei^ht days laUr, 
 
 •■"Ciipl. C. II. SawyiT w.is lirirn in Maine in iS^i ami cninnicmi'il K"inK lo •~i-.i mIioiiI [.S.!";. lie scrveil fur lliiee year- in tlic 
 I iiilnl Sl.iU-s Nnvy ilurinf; the W.ir of lln- kiliillinn ami alU'rwanl saili-d in llu- mcrcli.inl tn.i :ine lo variims parls nl llie hipiM ""•'' 
 iS.S'i. wlien lu' ln'Han ciiaslinn ipmI iif San I'ramisid willi the liij; Oinrina-.teil slii|i (hfuii A7«i,', wliieli was .ilpanilnned in M.iv, I'^^l- 
 He has reeenlly eoiiiinamleil Ihe ship h'ftnirhi-f. 
 
 -' Martin p'oaril nl Asloiia. Or., has pnreliaseil ami wreckeil sim-e 1S71) ihe rollowinn ve.sels cast away near llie inoulli ■ 1 i'»' 
 Ciilnniliia: l/niir^l /fniiir. 11. II. r,i'\u\ CiiiiiisiiKiif, U'lii.l/fi, lliiiiiy.lilnii, l.niiniwilo.r. Ahhic Cn^upfi , J . ('. <iin\iii\ iihur 
 Riihfrls, Maka/i, lulith In; nt- Atu\ DfTcti (iiift^nu/Z/ar. 
 
Mfi u;is cvir 
 
 rii'l w:is Ilk' 
 sill- s;ul,,| 
 1) Iciikini; Ml 
 I no inniiiiM', 
 111' ciiw were 
 he Aiiin n ;iii 
 si'linri ;iiii| ,1 
 y 2rsl. 'I'lu' 
 ions slic had 
 wisUl. Till' 
 ■ l.ollii-. hiiill 
 1 I'ass (lining 
 
 Uivcr, .ilidiil 
 
 crew nailicil 
 
 Tlif Aiiui 
 
 AV//I,', Oil I it. 
 n fourni.ihki 
 l•^;isl^l, fiMiii 
 ly iiiik's uost 
 'a]K' Itlaiic'ii, 
 oni N'anaiiiiii 
 til .vf<S'i tuns 
 )IIH K''l'' •"!'' 
 il lii-r t(i U-ak 
 iiflurward llio 
 (ikf. 1 1 was 
 
 t (lllf 1IUI11|I 
 
 or llirci- ilavs 
 s iiliaiidoiuil. 
 taken (ill liy 
 .;«!,.,■/ /'.i//r, 
 
 wliicli trans 
 llie I'niled 
 
 lu-li TiMW/in. 
 
 wen.' landed 
 
 il, May i.'lli. 
 
 at f.Sli.niiii 
 
 $1 s.'i""- 
 
 /'/(/«('. Cap 
 
 1 I'ort (lam 
 
 with il raiK" 
 
 were saM-d, 
 
 la- iiiontli III 
 
 il loss. The 
 
 went asliuic- 
 
 |iieees hv llie 
 
 eiity iiiK' led 
 
 was Idsl iin 
 
 of Capl M. 
 
 I- wreek was 
 
 wlieel chains 
 
 t (lavs hiler. 
 
 ■I' yriirs 111 tile 
 lliL' winl'l iiiilil 
 .1 in M.-r, i--^?- 
 
 (■ nidiiUi "I die 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 /,■(/'(/(,' hn:n:iin(j in British (^()luinbi;i's hihind and (Jcuin Slmni I hid 
 
 .15 « 
 
 Tlie steam si'ow Pawn, owned liy Capt. A! Cliiirch and I'jiKineer (leorne Harmon of Astoria, Imrsl a steam jiipe 
 I'Vlii nary ,vl wliile /■« ;««/^' from Hungry llarlior to Astoria and drifted out to sea. She si^jnaled the steamer 
 lull, ml Caiihw bill Capl. Tlionms Parker olTered no a.ssislanec, and the frail craft continued her journey on the 
 I'ai ihc with no fuel, and provisions consisting ol a loaf of hreiid and a ham hone. Afti-r drifliiii; for nine days 
 .hi i\ IS sii;hte(| liv the sle,iiiislii|i /■.in/<ht-, thirty live miles olf shore, seventy live miles south of the Cdhiniliia 
 Kivi I The men were in a famishing condition when liroiiHlit on hoard the /■.iii/<iir, and the Ihitrii was taken in 
 Inw lor Coos Hay. Koiinh weather prevented an entrance there, so the steamship attempted to take the vessel to 
 .Siiii l''raneisco, Iml when olf Cape Itlanco li^hl il hroke adrift and was ahandimed. Tin- small sleaim i SfioKdnr 
 sirii' k a siian in the C(enr d'Alene River, Ajiril stli, and eapsi/ed, 
 ilnnvniiin ICdward Jerome of l.ewiston, I,. I'ike of rorlland, Col. N J. 
 lliy;^;ins of llaiiKoi'. Me . J C. Ilaiitia of Spok.ilie, and an iinkiKiuii 
 lU'ikliand. 
 
 'file schooner /'nnillil. from San I'raneiseo for Astoria with 
 iii(i,i""p pounds of ^;ianl jiowder, was lilown np January i stii ojiposite 
 the ("idldeii <iale. She sailed out of San I'rancisco al noon, and, the 
 wind dyiiiK out, licnan to drift in toward shore. Aiitii ipalinn the 
 prolialile result when she struck the licai h, the eiew hastily left the 
 vessel and pulled lustily for the op|i(isite shore. They landed near 
 Sausalito and awaited the result. The schooner did not strike until 
 nearly iiiidniKhl, lint the explosion was I'riKhlflil, almost completely 
 Kiniilishinn the Cliff House and Ineakiiin windows for miles around. 
 .Sivcial pi'rsons were seriously injiiii'd liy the concussion. The ship 
 CimiiiKxIoir, Capl.iin Jordan, felt the shock plainly fifteen miles off 
 shdie .\ few )iieces of lloatiiiK wreckage were all that remained of 
 wsM 1 iir carno. The liri^ A'orlli S/iir, Ca|>tain Williams, from Seattle 
 I'll S.in Dieno wilh a car^o of liimher, was wrecked in April, and .ill 
 hands were lost. The vessel was aflerward found bottom np near 
 I'lirllaiid I'oinl. The Columbia Kiver steaiiier '/i/i/tf/o/r, the fastest 
 sternwlieelcr ill the world, was destroyed by fire at upper Astoria, 
 
 Ndviiiibei 2(ith (see Chapter W'l. The steam ferry-boat f V/ii was bn rued to the walei 's cd^je at Si llw 1, t)i., 
 
 Sipleiiilier (;tli. The steamships (hi.julni, (.'oiislmiliiif and ( o.i/rf h'ini were broken ii|i in ,Saii I'liiiicisco. 
 
 Several of the pioneer steainboatnien of l'nnet Sound made llieir lasl jiorl in iSSj. Cajil. Thomas Wilson, 
 ui'll and lavor.ibly known for many years on the Victoria route, fell dead al his |(osl on the \',iilli /'<iii/i<, a^cd 
 flirty ei^lit years. James Orillilhs and Charles li. Sweeny, early eii^;iiieers on the /•.'// ii . ludiisiiii, died at .Seattle, 
 the former in December and the latter in June. Capl. Charles I.ow died al Seattle, June i.'tli ; Cajit, I,. .\1. .St.in 
 the successor of l-'iiicli vS: WriKhl in the I'nuel .Sound steainboal monopoly, al Oakland, Cal., October jntli ; Capl. 
 K. K Ham, of the firm of Kenton, Holmes iV Co., al San Jose, Cal , November jd, a^ed sixty years ; Tliomas 
 Cartel, who shipped the liisl caij.;o of lumber from the Colniiibia River, al N'cw Wliatconi, ,Seiiteiiibci loth, ,i^;c(l 
 linlily three years; Capl. Oeorne .\Icl'"arlaiid. of the schooner .'//>/, al I'ort Towiiscnd, .\pril i (111. 
 
 I.ar^e nitnibers of steam and s.iilinn crall came into exislenee in all parts of llie Xoi III west in iM.H.s, I'li^cl 
 Siiind and the X'ictoria district especi.illy sliowint; a marked increase in vessels of ewry description. The 
 Canadian Pacific Navij;alioii C'oiiipany, with their customary enler|)rise, forestalled an)' opiiosiliuM in their Held bv 
 ''rill^;ln^; out llie finest ste.imer which had yet appe.ired in llie Northwest. The newconier, wlin li was cliiistened 
 the /^liDhlii , was .1 inaHiiificeiit twin screw steel steamer two hnndred and forty feel loiiK. forty two feel be.ini. and 
 liiiiilrcn feel ei^lil inelies hold, w'.lli engines twenty, thirty, and fifty two, by thirty six iiiidies. She was built al 
 '"ihis'j,dw al a cost of over j!ij(ni,o(Ki, and arrived at \'ictoria, December vth, in charge of (ieorne W. Robertson, 
 iipliin ; John T. Walbran, ' chief ollicer ; John Ivdwards, second odieer ; Alexander hraser, third olficir ; John 
 .\ii(U rsoii, chief engineer ; H. .Shanks, second engineer; John McC.raw, third engineer. .Soon alter liei ariiv.il 
 she (iinimeiiced rniininj; on Ihe X'icloria and Vancouver ronle in charge of Capl. (leorne Riidlin and in i,si|ii made 
 MViial trips to Alaska. She has since been ciu;aj.;e(l in llie \'ancoiiver tr.ide, occasionally Koin^ to .Mask.i and the 
 Cdlnniliiii River, Coiilin d..:!, I'vinn himself eoniiiiandiii^; while on the latter routes. The /iAf//(/(7|)(issis.ses ureal 
 ■■peel, has elegant acco niinnl.iM.iiis for several hnndied passeiif^ers, .and a \;\\y,v Ircinlil cap.icily. ,S1k- ranks ;il 
 
 CAI'I. |omn T, W.xiiima.n 
 
 ■lu. /■ 
 I'ini, 
 I yi*;ll 
 
 "Iflil 
 :il r 
 i-lllci, 
 Oik. 
 iii.'iiii 
 
 ' Capl, r.cor^'c \V. K' 'i'.-iis,.ii nf V'iiiiidiiviT, H. I' , was Impiii in I.ivcipddl in is^j .m,! i-oiiiincinr.l Iiis iii,itiin- st-rvici- in is<)^i, 
 III dci-p waliT stcimislii(, , I. II ii:iil\' \ cars. In I S77 lit- jiiiiicil tin- f 1111,11 'I stcalllsliiji line ;is sn oti.l iilln rl* a in I rjlit-r dltict-r mi 
 
 / HI lift a nil dill IT vcssils, I ;,■ U-ji this t-nipldv id .'issist in iIk- (■dn-.tnictidii cil tin- /\/iiui/t'i , I in ill dii tin- ll\ili' lur tin- r.ni.'tilian 
 Navi|;,llidn Cdin|iall\ , ,illd wllill slit- was Cdtnpli-U-il Iddk In-l Iri \'irldlia. rcllLillllll;; in lllr st-tvii-r dl tlial » ..iiipall\ hit .iliinil 
 
 lie lias sluci. lifi-n i-ii^.i^t-d as pihA I'lir nnrrard's InU-l and tin- l-'rast-r Kiver, 
 ■' C.-ipt. [dim T. Walliran w.ts horn in I-ai^t.-ind in iS.|S, served in tin- Mritisli Navy rrnni iH^j to iSdi, ;iiiil was llien in lln- 
 iill marine Idr eleven \-e.-irs, aflerw.-iril en^a^inj^ wilh a n.'ivi^;atidii edtniiaitN- at I.iverpddl. On arriviti)^ dii Uie rai-i(ie I'dast 
 Willi the /\/,ini/'f,\w reniaiiierl in llie eittpld\ of the Canadian Piieilie .\;ivi^;ilidn Cdin]t;in\ until .\pril, iSd'. and ihi-ii 
 
 'I llie service ol the I'.'dia.lian r.ovei iiini-nt as einiiiiiandi-r, sn]ierinU-iidin}4 the Iinihlin^ ol Ihe Iioininidii sleainer I'l/mfiii. 
 
 aiplelidii lie Iddk her td the N'drtlnvest .iiid has since remained in (-harni- Captain W'altnan has made a slii.ls- ol tlit- i-.-irli 
 
 r history oflhe .N'oilliwesl. and wi- .tie iiide'iled to him li.r many vatiialile •Idciimeiils in ediinectidii llierewith. 
 
 \-M:'\\ 
 
^ 
 
 r\ 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 A 
 
 ^ *?^% 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 IA4 12.8 |2.5 
 |5o *^" !!■■ 
 
 11^ 
 
 
 11-25 i 1.4 
 
 6" 
 
 1.6 
 
 %... 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 ^^ J^" 
 
 ^5. 
 
 ■v 
 
 <> 
 
 (? 
 
 / 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sdences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ,v 
 
 ^ 
 
 '^S 
 
 ^;\ 
 
 
 6^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 23 WB( MA:»; .TRfliT 
 
 WIBSTIR.N.Y. I4S80 
 
 (716) 873-4503 
 
 -<8 
 
 
^ 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 6^ 
 
352 
 
 Lewia cf Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 the head of the modern-built steamers in the Northwest. The Canadian Pacific Railway's F.mpress 0/ Chinn and 
 her companion ships were not yet completed, and their Oriental business for 1888 was handled by a numlv^r of old 
 Atlantic liners, with an occasional Pacific Ocean tramp. In addition to the Parthia and Abyssinia, which were on 
 the route in 1887, the steamship /iatavia. Captain Walton, appeared and remained on the line until 1890, K()l)ert 
 Curry" of Victoria serving in the engineering department. She was then secured by the new Upton line to run 
 between Hongkong and Portland. In 1892 she was renamed the 7<?«>;»a and entered the service of the North 
 Pacific Steamship Company. Since 1890 she has l)een commanded by Captain Hill, who in 1888 had chaige of the 
 Danube, also belonging to the Canadian Pacific Railway. The latter steamship was rather small for the ( )riental 
 trade and was subsequently sold to the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company, and in charge of Capt. William 
 Meyers has been on the northern route from Victoria, with occasional trips to the Columbia, for several years past. 
 The Zambesi, an old Peninsular & Oriental liner, was for a little while in the service of the railway 
 company, in command of Capt. John R. Tiddy.'' Like the /iatavia she was afterward used in the I'pton line. 
 Other steamships in this trade were the Aberdeen, Captain Taylor ; the Albany, Captain Powers ; the Dnkr of 
 WestmiHsler. and the Port Adelaide. Dunsmuir's new steam collier Antonio was running to Nanaimo with 
 Captains Crawford and Wallace. The Wellington was in the same trade, handled by Captain Whitworth and 
 Captain Jordan, formerly of the ship Commodore. The coal fleet was further increa.scd by the big tramp steamer 
 Costa Rica, flying the Hawaiian flag. She was commanded by Captain Salmond and has lieen steadily engaged 
 
 on the Nanaimo and San Francisco route since 'hat time, with the 
 exception of a few months in 1891, when she was sent north as a 
 tender for the British warships in Bering Sea. She was extensively 
 overhauled and supplied with new boilers by the Albion Iron Works 
 ^^^^ of Victoria in 1894. Salmond was succeeded in command by Captain 
 
 ^KKUt^ Mclntyre. The steamship Walla Walla, for many years in the coal 
 
 ^[ ^^ trade, was fitted for passenger .service in 1888, and in command of 
 
 ^^ Capt. David Blackburn commenced running between San Francisco, 
 
 ^H ifiSi^ ^ Victoria and Sound ports. The old Wilmington embarked on another 
 
 ^^ ™ of her periodical opposition ventures, entering the Puget Sound trade 
 
 in July in charge of Captain Gage. Other steamships on the northern 
 
 route were the . // A7, Captain Bennett ; Ancon, Captain Carroll ; 
 
 J ^H^^ Cieorge 11'. lildcr. Captain Lyon; Empire, Captain Butler; Idaho, 
 
 ^^^L >^^. ^ Captains Carroll, Hunter and Wallace ; Jeanie, Captain Humphrey ; 
 
 ^^^^B^^^^K>- Me.xico, Captain Huntington ; Queen of the Padjie. Captain ;\lex- 
 
 ^^^^^^H^^^V^Hf^ ander ; Willamette, Captain Hansen ; and Cniatilla, Captain Holmes. 
 
 «^^^^^B^V ^^^H|[' The Jeanie. a large four-masted steam .schooner built at Rath, Mi'.. 
 
 'imiJHHI^B^^^HIr' 1883, is one hundred and eighty-six feet four inches long, thirty- 
 
 ^^^^ .seven feet nine inches Ijeam, eighteen feet eight inches hold, and 
 
 has run on nearly every route between San Francisco and tlie Arctic 
 
 Ocean, handled most of the time by Capt. Omar J. Humphrey." 
 
 W*^- 
 
 "Rol>ert Curry. en){inet'r, of Victoria, B. C, was born in Scotland in 
 Capt. omak J. himi-iihkv 1858. After serving liis apprenticesliip he ran for a year in the Liverpool ami 
 
 African trade, and mllowed his profession in various steamship lines until i.ss;. 
 when he joined the steamship /iaIaT'ia, serving with her as first assistant for two years on the China and Vancouver line, I' ■ w.is 
 also first .issistant on the . /Aivwh/h for a short time and licld a similar position on tile /uii/>iis.s of ( hinn for two years. 
 
 ■'Ca])t. John R. Tiddy was liorn in Cornwall. ICu^land, in 1S4S, and was on sailing vessels from iS.sS until 1S82, when he was 
 ^iven command of ste.'utisliips runniuf; in ttie tea trade from London to Jap<-in. lie was afterward cliiefoflicer of Royal Mail 
 Steamships four years and then took charge of the /fa(«*(i/, on which he was severely injured by falling down the hold ami left 
 her to go to Japan. lie went from there to the Pacific Coast at)ont four years ago. 
 
 "Capt. Omar J. Kumphrey of San F,ranclscii, while still young, has hail a long and varied career in the marine hu^iness. 
 He was Imru in Yarmouth in 1S56. and. like the majority of Maine youngsters, went to sea when tmt a lioy. his first vessel txiiif; llic 
 .\merican ship Ciria of Yarmouth. His first visit to the I'acific Coast was in 187.), when he arrived as thiril mate on the SI. I.iinn, 
 leaving her in San I'raucisco to eute.- the employ of ("loodall, Perkins S: Co., running as freight clerk on several of their well kiuiwn 
 oid-linie steamships, atnoi<g them the . hiton, .Sati t.iii-i. t)riziit>tt I'.iul Senntoy. In 1S7S lie was on the Idaho, tlien in opposilinn to 
 the old Oregon .Steamship Company, on the Portlaml route, hut left in ll.e winter to go l)ack to deep water, sailing as fourth mate 
 on the ship .SV. Nicholas, p'roni the .SV. Niiholas he went to the Oracle of New York as second m.ite, and on the following ■ o/.i^e 
 became first mate. He remaiueil with the Oracle four years, until she was driven ashore during a hurricane at Cape Horn in .M.iroli, 
 18S2. Returning to the Kast. Captain Humphrey shipped as first mate on the American ship Rainier, of Hath, in which \w .luain 
 came to grief in January, iSS^. the ship striking a coral reef, unknown at that time, in latitude y" north, longitude ihs" ?ii' lasl 
 while en ronte from Philailelphia tfi Japan. After enduring numy hardships the crew were finally rescued Ity the man-of-war A'^wM" 
 and taken to Vokolnuna, whence Captain Humphrey went to San I'rancisco on the steamship A'io </. Janei.o, On arrival .it llic 
 Bay City after his exciting ft)ur years' absence, he joined the steamship Qncftt of 'he Pacific as third oflicer, and was soon afltrwanl 
 appointed to the steamship Santa i'ru: as first ofiicer. He next had charge of the steamer Falcon of .San I'cilro, and was aflirwapl 
 in command of the steamships (iypay, .Salinas. .Santa Cm::, llonila, .11 Ki, Jesse //. t'reenian and Jeanie. On the latii-r he 
 remained fiir two years, running l)etween San l''rancisco, Puget .Sonnil and the .\rctic Ocean. I'ew mariners are better accpi.ilnted 
 along tile Pacific Coast, from .San Oiego to Puget Sound, through the Oulf of (Georgia ami the inland waters of .\laska to Sitka, 
 along the .\lentian Islands and through Bering Sea to the Arctic, than Captain Humphrey, as he has visited nearly port of inipuii iiice 
 in the Northwest. He resigned the captaincy of the Iconic about five years ago to superintend the huililing of a cannery in .\!;tska 
 for the Pacific Steam Whaling C<mipany. with which he has since In-en connected, s|)enillng the summers in Alaska and the wiiters 
 in San I'rancisco with his family. Captain Humphrey has written a very interesting book on the las* voyage of the A'ii/«/i/ and 
 the trials and hardships which beset her survivors, handling the subject in a most graphic manner, and without any of those 
 eiubellishtnents which are too often found in tales of the sea. 
 
Large Increase in British Columbia's Inland and Ocean Steam Fleet 
 
 m% 
 
 
 of Chiiiii and 
 numl)';r oloUl 
 which wtre on 
 il 1890, Ri)l)ert 
 an line to run 
 e of the North 
 i chasge of the 
 or the ( )ricntal 
 Capt. William 
 :ral years past. 
 of the railway 
 le I'pton line, 
 i ; the Diikr of 
 Nanainio with 
 Vhitworth and 
 tramp .steamer 
 eadily engaged 
 time, with the 
 ent north as a 
 ^&s exteii.sively 
 on Iron Works 
 and by Captain 
 ears in the coal 
 n command of 
 San Krancisco, 
 ked on another 
 jet Sound trade 
 on the northern 
 iptain Carroll : 
 Butler; Idaho, 
 in Humphrey ; 
 Captain Alex- 
 iptain Holme.s, 
 t at Bath, Me., 
 es long, thirty- 
 ches hold, and 
 
 and the .\rclic 
 Humphrey." 
 
 ill Scotlaiiil in 
 lie I,iver|n)(jl ami 
 "iiies until i.^S;, 
 er line. Ii -■ w.is 
 ears. 
 
 S.S2. when he was 
 
 r of Roval Mail 
 
 the huM'and left 
 
 Frank Bragg" was for .several years chief engineer, and J. V. B. Perry" and Edward J. Powers" have also held 
 that position on the vessel. The steam collier .V<i« Afalec was also added to the Northwestern fleet. She was 
 purchased in London and came out by way of Hongkong, calling at Honolulu, where she was registered under 
 the Hawaiian flag. She is still in the coal trade, and narrowly escaped destruction by an explosion of coal dust 
 in 1S94. The Oregon Pacific Railway replaced the lost Ya</iiiiia Cily with the new steamship Yaquina Bay, built 
 by Cramp & Sons in 1881. She was 
 a handsome vessel two hundred and 
 fifty-seven feet long, thirty-four feet 
 team, and twenty-one feet hold, reg- 
 istering 1,200 tons, but was unfor- 
 tunately wrecked on her first trip, 
 Decenilier 10th. 
 
 Among the additions to the 
 minor steam fleet in British Columbia 
 were the Clara Young, constructed 
 by Benjamin Young,'" the Fraser 
 River canneryman, for a tender to 
 his cannery ; the Horseshoe, by J. H. 
 To<ld, for a similar purpose ; the 
 .\fnmaid. Captain Bridgeman ; the 
 PriiKcss, a propeller seventy-six feet 
 long, fourteen feet beam, and seven 
 feet hold, built for the Public Works Department ; the Stella and the Sf>ilfiri\ On Okanagan Lake a fifty-foot 
 steamer bearing the name cl' that body of water was launched in August. The R. DunsinKir, Captain Rogers, 
 was changed from a sidewheeler to a propeller. Victoria had the finest pas.scnger service to I'liget Sound 
 ports that she had ever enjoyed. The Alaskan, Captain Anderson, alternated with the Olympian, Cai)t George 
 Roberts, these two magnificent .steamers making a daily round trip, afTordiiig a great contrast to the tri-weekly 
 service of the /r//>rt Anderson in times gone by. This service was maintained but a short time, as the running 
 exjienses were enormous. 
 
 Port Captain J. W. Troup, of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, demonstrated his ability as a 
 practical steamboatman in 1888 by building the T. J. Poller, the fastest sidewheel steamer in the Northwest. The 
 
 Poller was modeled after the famous Hudson River steamer Daniel 
 ,. , _..!j .^. : . /?/-<7i', but Troup made .some changes of material benefit in the design. 
 
 She is two hundred and thirty feet long, thirty-five feet lieatn, and 
 ten feet four inches hold, with engines thirty-two by ninety-six 
 inches. The hou.se and upper works were taken from the old Wide 
 W'esl. and no faster or finer steamer of her size has ever floated. She 
 was placed on the seaside route soon after completion, in charge of 
 
 STKAMI'.M '■'!". J. PtITTKK ■ 
 
 -'I'rank IlraKK, secretary of the San fraiicisco Marine KiiKineers' Asso- 
 ciation, was liorii ill San fraiicisco in 1X5,1 anil coniirenceil liis marine service in 
 1H75 as oiler 1)11 the City ol Syditiy. lie reniaineil Ihere for two ytars anil then 
 accepte<l a position as iiiacliinist in the I'liiteil States Navy, leaving there to enter 
 the .service of the Pacific Mail Steanisliip Company as fourth assistant engineer 
 1)11 tlie steamship tV/l' (1/ /V'/;«c, from which he was transferred to the Cotiiiiii, 
 where he reniaineil for nearly six years, occupying; the positions of third and first 
 assistant. He next ran to Alaska as chief on the steam schooner Jianie for three 
 years. Other steamers with which he has ln'cn connected are Ihe XiUiboy, i., 
 which he placed the engines and ran as chief, the U'ist Coast iiiil flfendoiino 
 as chief, niiil the steamshi]>s .S'i/« juon, I'eiii, and the steamer /hiiiiitliss, as 
 first assistant. He was then elected business maiianer and financial secretary 
 of the San l-'raiicisco Marine I'ji^jinecrs' .Association, No. t,^. and was re-elected 
 ill 1S95, 
 
 '■J. V. 11. I'erry. eiiKineer, was born in New York City in 1.S52. His first 
 marine work was in the service of a coast wrecking comjiany, ami be came to the 
 I'acific Coast in 1S78, joiniiiK the steamer . //j.vXii as oiUr. He was next water- 
 leiiiler and assistant eiiKineer on Ihe steamer Cily ol Votio, ami tliiril and second 
 assistant on the steamships OVi 01 t'oiiiiiiiti and i'ily ii, A'ic i/< Jantiio, anil then 
 entered the employ of the I'acific Coast Steamship Company as first assistant on 
 the steamship <,i'o)j;i- II'. lildii. lie was next chief mi the steamers i'oos /Iny, 
 Honila, Jennie, Soulli Coast. MagKif Uoss. Smlia ami tun /\'isiiie, and was also 
 first assistant on the steamships iolima ami Sun IHos. He retired from the water 
 a few vears bro and has since been eUKineer of the Colnmbia UnildniK in San Francisco. 
 
 'I'Mward I Powers engineer, was born in San l"rancisci) in 1866. He coinmcnceil work in the steamship .service in 1SS4 
 ami Miveil on the .-// AV Queen, Jennie, State of Ca ifotnio. luvieliior and others. He went to Alaska in 1.S9J as first assistant 
 on tlu- steam .schooin - /lanie with chief enRineer V. C,m\0\. who died at sea and was Imrieil at Kort Wrannel. Mr. Powers then 
 look 1 liarKe for the remainder of the two months trip, and with but two engineers brouKht the steamer hack to San Irancisco, 
 remaiiiiiiK with her until she was laid up. He then entered the service of the Merchants' Ice & Cold Storage Company, where be 
 has since remained. 
 
 "lleiiiamin Yohuk of Astoria, Or., was born in Sweden in i84,v He built the steamer Claia Yoitnx at Westmirater in 1SS7 
 •nil sold her with his cannery interests in 1892 He was also interested in a numlier of other steamers in the Northwest. 
 
 CAI'T. liDWAsn SCLI.IVAN 
 
 1 : 
 
.VS4 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Archie h. Pease, captain ; Edward Sullivan," pilot ; Thomas Smith, chief engineer ; Phil Carnes, assistant : and 
 Daniel O'Neil, purser. She made remarkable time on that run and was taken off in Septenilwr and sent to l'iii»et 
 Sound, Captain Pease, lingineer Smith and Steward Charles Petrie,'- going with her. She was engaged on ilie 
 Seattle and Olympia route until the seaside business opened on the Columbia in 1889, when she returned t» the 
 traffic for which she was intended. She was on the Sound again in i8(;o, indulging in some lively steanilxiat 
 r.-ces, and in June made a record of one hour twenty-two and one-half minutes lietween Seattle and T.nioma. 
 While on the inland sea she raced with the Ci/j' of Seattle, liailiy Gatzert and Multnomuh, and returned to ihe 
 Columbia with a gilt greyhound and a broom on her pilot-house. Captain Pease re-signed his position in iSi;i to 
 engage as a branch pilot, and Capt. I^dward Sullivan has handled her most of the time since, making a roiiiul 
 trip a day on the Astoria route, alternating with the A'. A'. Tliom/ison. Critics have failed to appreciate >otue 
 of Captain Troup's steamboating methods, but the steamer /". /. /'otter and her remarkable performances 
 demonstrate, in the best possible manner, the talent and ability of her builder. 
 
 Jacob Kanim, who constructed his first steamboat on the Willamette over a tliird of a century before, in 
 1888 came to the front with a companion for his famous Lurline. The new boat, which was christened tlie 
 Undine, was launched from J. H. Steffen's yard January ,;d. She is one hundred and fifty feet long, twenty-seven 
 feet beam, and six feet hold, with engines sixteen and one-fourth by sixty inches, was intended for the N'ancouver 
 route, and, with the exception of occasional trips to Astoria and in the excursion business, has remained 
 
 there since. Her machinery wps 
 
 r placed liy C. \V. Kvnns, and Capt. 
 
 Charles T. Kantni was master until 
 i.'^yz, when Joseph Burgy took 
 command and has since had charge. 
 Fred .S. Shepherd," engineer, and 
 ^' . JJ Frank Malniquist, purser, have been 
 
 " with the steamer during the greater 
 
 part of her existence. She is at pres- 
 ent making two round trips a day 
 on the \'ancouver route. The new 
 Telephouc , which had arisen from 
 tiie ruins of the old steamer, was 
 launclied April 28th and made lier 
 trial trip to .\storia. May 20tli. She 
 is .still running on the Astoria route. 
 and in 1894 made 312 round trips 
 lietween Portland and Astoria, cover- 
 ing a distance of 65,920 miles and 
 making 12,731 landings. Her officers 
 for the year were Thomas H. Crang, 
 captain ; William Iv Larkius, pilot ; J. U. /Cumwalt, first officer ; Charles W. I^vaiis," chief engineer : William 
 Coffin, first assistant; C. R. Donahoe, purser; A. R. McGillis, steward; Iv. B. Scott, freight clerk. The tng 
 
 i 
 
 Steamkk "Tklkpiionr' 
 
 "Ca{ 1. Kilwaril Sullivan wa.s born in Portland in i860 and commenced steaniboating on tlie Manziinillo in |}>.Sj. He 
 afterward rai, to llie Cascniles for I'ope & Winch on their steamers Calliope «nl Mulliioinnh, le.ivinn their employ for that ol ilie 
 Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, where he was en|{a);ed for a short time as purser. .Not oatiuK for this position he ri'si!.;iii.il, 
 was appointed mate and then pilot on the company's steamers, and in 188S was given command of the /;'. A'. C<wk. After rui.iiiii); 
 her a short time he joined the A*. A'. Thompson as pilot, with Capt. Samuel Colson, and in this capacity made an excellent reidnl. 
 He was suhseimently with Capt. Archie I'ease on the T. /. I'oller, );°inf( with her to the Sound, hut returuiuK to icsumc his fcirniir 
 twrth on the '/'hoiiifisoH. Soon after Captain 1'ea.se was made a branch pilot, Sullivan was appointed master of the T.J. Pulli'i, .iinl 
 has since handled her on the Astoria route, meeting with success. Captain Su^.ivan i . of a very (|uiet and unpretentious iiiiiuic, 
 and has l>een advanced to his j, resent position solely on his merits iis a practical steaniboatnuui. 
 
 "Charles Petrie, .steward, was horn in I'rankfort-onthe Main, (fermany, in 1S45, saileil out of Holland |>orts from t^'«^ \u 
 1871, and then ran on Mississippi River steamers. In the spring of 1.S74 he was cast away in the South Pacific and with iirial 
 (litficulty reached Callao. Prom that time until iSSo he was engaged in deep-water service in various parts of the world. He jnincl 
 the steamship Cilv of Chfsler at San Prancisco and ran with her to Portland for a short time. He then entereil the employ "I ilie 
 Oregon Railway ^ Navigation Company, serving with them and their successors for a number of years, going from the Coluiiit^ia to 
 Puget Sound on the steamer T. /. /filler, and reni.uuing with her and the . llnsktin for several years. He was also on tin- .\ /M 
 /'iici/if. I'irlohan anil /•'hvi on the Soinnl. When the latter steauier burned he joincil the llnylioii Hipiihlu , leaving her in I'driliiiMl 
 to accept a |>osition on shore. 
 
 " pred S. Shepherd, engineer, of Portland, Or, was liorn in Massachusetts in |S.)4 His first steamboat c^ipcriemv in the 
 Northwest was on the tug (iolinh on Puget .Sound. After running there for a time he came to the Coluuibih River and for llii i>.isl 
 few years has been in the service of Jacob Kanim as engineer on the (Jniliiif and /.urli'ir. He was also employed on the si iiiicr 
 Notiiia on the upper Snake River, anil while there engaged in about the roughest steambnating that could )>e JTound anywlKiu nil 
 the Coast. He is at present chief on the Umliiie, running to Vancouver. 
 
 "Charles W. Kvans, engineer, was born in Nauvoo, 111., in 1856, and has spent over twenty years in the marine bii'iu'ss. 
 serving as chief engineer on the Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri and Red livers. He arrived at Portland in December, 1.SS7, an I Ha* 
 employed in fitting the engines of the Uiiitine. His work on this steamer was of a nature which made his services eagerly sni^jht. 
 Mr, Ivvans was appointed to his present position as chief of the Teliphoiie about five years ago, and the remarkable record <•( die 
 steamer since that time is an ample recommendation of his abilities. His career on the I'acific Coast has not been marked ! any 
 exciting scenes, but while on the Kastern Slope he was on the llnnnork Cilv when she sank in the Ouchita River, and ou the /'. . '. 
 Miudoiiitid, which collided with the railroad bridge over tlie Mississippi at Keokuk, Iowa. 
 
issistaiit : ami 
 sent to I'u^et 
 iigaged oil the 
 turned to the 
 ■ely steamlmat 
 and Taioma. 
 turned to the 
 ion in i.Scji to 
 aking a round 
 ipreciatc some 
 performances 
 
 lury l)efore, in 
 christened tlie 
 , twenty-seven 
 the N'ancouver 
 has remained 
 
 hinery w?,s 
 lis, and Capt. 
 i master until 
 
 Burgy took 
 e had charge, 
 nigineer, and 
 ier, have lieen 
 ig the greater 
 .She is at prcs- 
 d trips a day 
 ite. The new 
 id arisen rrom 
 
 steamer, was 
 ind made her 
 
 ly 2()tli. She 
 
 Astoria route, 
 round trips 
 \storia, cover- 
 i2u miles and 
 Her officers 
 as H. Crang, 
 leer ; William 
 erk. The tug 
 
 'lo ill i.SSj. He 
 y for llmt ol ilie 
 ion lie rfsii;m.'il, 
 After ruijiiii^' 
 xcellent ri'rr)nl. 
 suine liis liiinifr 
 7'. ./. Polti-i . :uu\ 
 tentioiiH nitttiir, 
 
 rts from i^'«) to 
 
 anil with u-rtat 
 
 111. Ileiiiiiii"! 
 
 ic employ itl the 
 
 llie ColiiiTiliiii to 
 
 so on the X iilli 
 
 her in I'liriliiml 
 
 ;j|)erieniv in the 
 
 mil for till- ]>ast 
 
 on the hi. liner 
 
 ml «ny\vln'ii- on 
 
 narinc Im- 'U"^s. 
 !r, 1SS7, ai' ' nas 
 eajjerly '.oii^'ht. 
 le recoril ' ' the 
 marked ! my 
 III on tilt /'. .'■ 
 
 Large Increase in British Columbia's Inland and Ocean Steam Fleet 
 
 355 
 
 ^>1 
 
 CAl'T. I-KKD SliriKMAN 
 
 („,'iXi- II. Mendell was .set afloat from J. H. Steffen's yard May 10th for the United States Knginetrs, to lie used 
 
 ill lowing stone barges between Astoria and the Fort Stevens jetty. She is ninety feet five inches long, eighteen 
 
 feci beam, and seven feet hold. On completion she was placed in charge of Capt. John W. Brown and Chief 
 
 Engineer James Drennon, who have since handled her in a highly satisfactory manner. The tug Louise Vaughn, 
 
 owned by the city of Portland, appeared in 1888, having been rebuilt from the wreck of the Hcrmina. She has 
 
 .since lieen used as a tender for the dredges and has been handled by George Kwry, M. A. Hackett, Willis C. Snow 
 
 and Henry Kindred. The steam schooner Augusta was constructed at 
 Oneatta or. Yaquina Bay by Capt. Paul Schrader, who has operated her 
 in the coasting trade, S. V. Leabo serving as engineer most of the time. 
 The Augusta is .seventy-nine feet long, twenty feet beam, and seven 
 feet hold, with engines twelve by twelve inches. 
 
 The Polar Dear was launched at Astoria in 1888 for the Alaska 
 Packing Company. She is sixty -seven feet nine inches long, eighteen 
 feet two inches beam, and six feet four inches hold, with engines eight 
 and one-half and six by twelve inches. Despite her comparatively 
 small size the steamer has made yearly trips to Bristol Bay, Alaska. 
 On returning in charge of her first master, Charles A. Johanson, .she 
 covered over two thousand miles in fourteen days without sighting 
 land. Capt. John M. Olsen '' was in command for about four years, and 
 Louis O. Haaven handled her one sea.son. Her headquarters at present 
 are in San Francisco. Another fine propeller, the Woiona, was built at 
 Astoria for M. P. Callender of Rnappton. She is sixty-three feet six 
 inches long, sixteen feet four inches beam, and six feet four inches 
 hold, with engines twelve by twelve inches. Capt. J. H. Laniley has 
 been master of the steamer since her completion, with Oscar Wilson, 
 engineer. The steamer Rival was launched at Knappton by Capt. John 
 Pickernell and H. W. Robson. Pickernell operated her until 1890, 
 
 when she wus succeeded by the Mayjloicer. Capt. Brazil Grounds, who lost his steam schooner Queen of the Day 
 
 in 1887, replaced her with the Maid of Oregon, length ninety-one feet three inches, beam twenty-five feet, and 
 
 depth of hold five feet nine inches. He ran her on the Columbia River until 1892 and then took her to the 
 
 .Sound, where she has since been engaged. The Aberdeen Packing Company of Ilwaco built the Volga at 
 
 .\storia as a tender to their cannery, li. Farrell and W. E. Parrott 
 
 were masters of the steamer on the Columbia, and in 1891 she was 
 
 sent to Puget .Sound, where she has been handled by the Barringtons 
 
 and a number of other .Sound captains. The \ 'olga is forty-eight feet 
 
 three inches long, thirteen feet three inches beam, and four feet four j^i^^^^^^^^^^Kii '>■ 
 
 inches hold, with engines eight and one-half by ten inches. J. B. 
 
 .Montgomery of Portland, who had extensive property interests at 
 
 Alliina, completed the fast propeller Cyclone to run in the ferry service 
 
 lietwcen the city and her suburb on the east bank of the Willamette. 
 
 The Cyclone was seventy-eight feet long, fourteen feet beam, and six 
 
 feet hold, with a pair of ten by twelve inch engines, which gave her 
 
 great speed. Fred Sherman " had charge of her until 1890, when he 
 
 was succeeded by Charles Hooghkirk. Frank Brunger was engineer 
 
 for several years. When the bridges and electric cars appropriated 
 
 this traffic, the Cyclone was operated on a number of routes out of 
 
 Portland by Harry Montgomery, and in 1894 was sold to Capt. H. V'an 
 
 .\ukeii ai"d Al Muiiger, who placed her on the Vancouver route. She 
 
 afterward ran to I,a Camas, where .she burned early in 1895. 
 
 Capt. James T. Chatterton, who had been running the Tressie 
 
 May on Yaquina Bay for .several years, in 1888 built the steamer 
 
 T. I/. Richardson at Oneatta, and has since been operating her out of 
 
 Newport. The &\.f:M\\Qr Mountain Duck was .set afloat at Nasel in 1888 by Dubois and Barrow. She was intended 
 
 Capt. I), w. Doiihin!: 
 
 ''Caut. Juhu M. Olscii was born in Norway in 1850, eaiiie to the Pacific Coast in 1877, and began running as mate on the 
 Ml! ii- Afacleay between the Columbia River and Honolnlu. After leaving her lie remaineil ashore for several years and in r888 
 look I oinmaiKl of the /'ii/io /t'ccii \ which he ran to .Maska for several seasons, and ill the winter operated her on coast routes north 
 anil outli of the Columbia. He also hanilleil the steamers (icoiffc //. Chance and . /. /I. Field. He died in Sau Francisco in 1894. 
 
 "Capt. I"reil Slieriimii coinmeneed steaniboating nearly twenty years ago on small steamers plying out of Astoria. He was 
 iiiasu-r of J, (f. Meglar's steamer Edith for a short time, was afterwanl engaged as mate and pilot on the Fleetwood, and also held a 
 sinii ir position on the passenger steamers of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company running to Astoria. After leaving the 
 wrvue of that company he haudleil the Cyclone for a lille while, and, when The Dalles, Portland & .Vstoria Navigation Company 
 was Mijraiiizeil, he liciame one of the stocklioUlers. He was given cuuimaud of the Regnlator soon after her completion, reinaniing 
 Willi lier until 1X94, when lie came back to the lower river and was engaged as pilot on the steamer Sarali Dixon. 
 
 r n 
 
 yi 
 
 ff 
 
 il ! 
 
 Il- 
 
 'A 
 
 !ii ■ 1 
 
356 
 
 Lewis 4 Dryden s Marino History of the Paoifio Northwest 
 
 ■S^-ift'^*'' 
 
 for service on the Nasel River and Shoalwater Bay and has ))een commanded by Captains Knud Bull, J. p. 
 Whitcomb and J, M. Mclntyre. The steam launches Urisk and Jessie were constructed at Portland, the fornicr 
 for Pred R. Coggeshall of Eureka, who lost his life while boarding her in 1889. She is now owned by Peterson Ac 
 Larsen of Astoria, and the Jessie by Capt. D. W. Dobbins" of Aberdeen. The small propeller Herald, length 
 sixty-one feet four inch<^s, beam fourteen feet nine inches, and depth of hold five feet three inches, at presi-iit 
 owned by C. B. Weatherwax, was launched at Aberdeen for service on Gray's Harbor. The Aberdeen, Itiiyth 
 seventy-seven feet and beam sixteen feet, was completed at the same place. Two fine sternwheelers were built at 
 Pasco, Wash., in 18K8 for the upper Columbia business by Thomas L. Nixon and L. E. Post of Tacoraa. The 
 larger, the Thomas L. Nixon, was one hundred and fifty-eight feet six inches long, thirty-six feet one inch beam, 
 and five feet eight inches hold, with engines seventeen by sixty inches. Capt. W. P. Gray was first in command, 
 and A. W. Gray afterward had charge of the steamer. The other, the City of Ellensburg, was one hundred and 
 I teteen feet long, twenty-two feet nine inches beam, and four feet five inches hold, with engines twelve by 
 t 'ty-six inches. Capt. Al Gray was her first master. She was purchased from the Nixon estate in 1892 l)y 
 J. R. Peters and M. S. Donohue, and for the past two years has been run by Capt. C. E. Hansen."" 
 
 The Michigan and the Lakme, two fine steam coasters, appeared in 1888. The first mentioned was 
 constructed at Skamockawa on the Columbia River for William M. and George L. Colwell, recent arrivals from 
 the East. She was one hundred and fifty-eight feet three inches long and thirty-four feet beam, with engine.s 
 eleven, fourteen, twenty and thirty-one by twenty-four inches. She was placed in charge of Captain Killnian, 
 
 who was succeeded by C. H. Lewis, and proved a very unlucky .ship 
 She caught fire at sea in November, 1890, while en route from the 
 Sound to Portland, and after a wild run down the coast readied 
 Astoria all ablaze. The Astoria Fire Department pumped her full of 
 water, the damage was repaired, and she again started out. She was 
 seized soon afterward for smuggling and put under heavy lionds, and 
 in January, 1893, was wrecked on Vancouver Island near Cape Heale 
 (see wreck of Michigan, 1893). The steamer was built by L. Mor- 
 tenson and was one of the most strongly constructed ves.sels of her 
 class that ever floated. The Lakme is one hundred and seventy-six 
 feet eight inches long, thirty-eight feet eight inches beam, and twelve 
 feet hold, a trifle smaller than the Michigan, and was constructed at 
 Port Madison, making her first trip in February, 1889, with Captain 
 Harrison. She was chartered by the Oregon Railway & Navigation 
 Company in September, 1889, and in command of Captains Carter 
 and Graves was engaged in their service for a long time in coniiectinn 
 with the Michigan. She is at present running to Puget Sound. A 
 regular steamship service between Gray's Harbor and San Fraii^-isco 
 was established in 18S8, the Point I.oma being the pioneer in that 
 traffic. She was afterward assisted by the new Cosniapotis, Capt. 
 George Dettmers,'" completed in San Francisco in 1887. The /'<'inl 
 Loma is still engaged on the route, and since her advent several 
 diflTerent steamers have been in the same trade. Wallowa Lake, one 
 of Oregon's interior waterways, was favored in 1888 with its first and 
 only steamer, the Alpha, a small propeller with a ten horse-power engine. After running a few years '.lie 
 machinery was removed and the hull laid up. F. I). McCully wiis her owner and Charles B. Turner, engineer. 
 
 Fully a score of new steamers appeared on Puget Sound in 1888. The Pacific Navigation Company 
 launched the sternwheeler Henry Bailey at Tacoma. She was one hundred and eight feet six inches long, 
 twenty-five feet four inches beam, and four feet seven inches hold, and was commanded for a while liy 
 
 "Cajit. I). W. Uobtiins was horn in ()rcKO» >" ■M.S4 and IkK"" steanilioatinK as a (■a1)in l)oy on tile Astoria route, running »ii 
 the Coluiulna River for ten years in viirious capacities. He tlieii went to San fnincisro. wliere lie held the position of second iiuitf 
 on the Conslanltne and other steamers in Ooodall, I'erkins it Co's employ for nearly a year, returning to the Columbia 111 iil'niil 
 1876 and serving as mate on the JVrsilic and Chamfiion. He then reniaineil ashore for a Tew years and in IHMH was innster i>t the 
 steamer haltel. On leaving her he purchased the Nnv Ys'ik, which he look to Shoalwater Bay in iSSij, o|)erBting her there li>r :i 
 year and then purchasing the Jessie, which he has since heen liandling out of Alierdeen. Harly in 1K95 he built the steainiT / .11 
 at Aljerdeen, intending her for a passeiiKer and towboat for the riv?r riiKlliarbor trade. 
 
 ^^Capt. C. H. Hansen was bom in Denmark in 1S5S, atnl, afier sailing nu deep-water vessels for a iiumlier of years, re.i^licd 
 the upper Columbia in iS8^ anil commenced work on the steamer Sfintunc. He was afterwaril mate on the steamer /-Wif' 'ict 
 Hillinxs for five years, going from her to the Cilv of Ullensbur);, where he held the same position until 1S92. He then left In 1 m 
 take charge of the steamer Thomas t.. Xiron, which he ran as a transfer boat at Weiiatcliee for eighteen months, then Mkiuk 
 command of the Citv 0/ KIleKshiirg, where he still remains. 
 
 "Capt. Ceorije Dettmers was born in Germany in 18^5 and sailed out of his native ports in deep-water ships until I1S75, " In'" 
 he came to the I'acinc Coast He arriveil in San Francisco from China on an American man of war, leaving her there and s1m|'I hik 
 on the Hassler, from which lie went to the steamers Sea Xymph ami Coiicoidia. About 1S76 lie went as mate on the srln "it 
 ll'eslern Home, afterward occupying a similar position on the Killy .Steiens and I'auline, and later having cliarxe of the latter, lie 
 was mate of the schooner (ieoige K. /fii^fins for eiKliteen moiitlis and master of her four years, leaving her to take cliarne oi ilie 
 steam schooner Celia, which he ran until the steam schooner Cosmofiolis was built. He began running as master of the Cosiih'f " 
 about seven years ago and still has charge. 
 
 Km AND K. DAVIS 
 
Large Increase in British Columbia's Inland and Ocean Steam Fleet 
 
 ,VS7 
 
 Capt. Samuel Denny. Herliert Parker"' afterward had charge of her. In 1894 she was chartered by Capt. 
 A. K. I<e Ballister," but sank a few months later, and on lieing rat.sed was sold by the United States marshal for 
 al)i)Ut one-fourth of her original value. The steamer De//a, length forty-nine feet two inches, beam thirteen feet 
 two inches, and depth of hohl five feet, was built at Stanwood, and is owned by Capt. D. Troutman. She is still 
 ill .service, running out of Seattle, and has recently been handled by Captains Charles Madison and Daniel 
 Troutman, with Engineers William Headland and Theodore Burrell. The Harry Lynn was constructed at 
 Tacoma by Harry and L>ynn Maloney, railroad men. She was fifty feet four inches long, fifteen feet six inches 
 lH-:im, and six feet one inch hold. J. A. Williams was first in charge, and she has recently been run by Capt. 
 Roland E. Davis." Perley and Dean of Samish were owners of the sternwheeler Mary F. Perley, which appeared 
 in !888. The .steamer was one hundred and four feet long, twenty feet beam, and five feet five inches hold. 
 She l)elongs at pre.sent to Thomas Redding and has recently been handled by Captain Benson and Engineer 
 J. R. Drury. Capt. J. R. Matthews launched the propeller Edison at Samish and used her in the jobbing trade. 
 The steamer A". W. Piirdy made her trial trip at Seattle, Deceml)er 4th. She was owned by E. W. Purdy, 
 VV. K. Merwin, E. M. Barrington " and J. A. Thomp.son, and was afterward sold to Merwin and J. W. Young. The 
 tug /. E. Hoyden, length eighty-five feet four inches, beam nineteen feet, depth of hold nine feet eight inches, was 
 .set afloat ot North Seattle by T. W. Lake for Capt. T. A. Jensen and is still in active service. Up to the pre.sent 
 time the traffic on Lake Washington had not required a very pretentious steamer, but in 1888 a fine propeller was 
 l)iiilt at Houghton. She was christened the Kirkland and was ninety-five feet five inches long, nineteen feet 
 
 fuiir inches beam, and eight feet two inches hold 
 
 the Meta, completed at Olympia, the Halys at 
 
 soUl her to the San Francisco Bridge Company, 
 
 L;ikt', the Jayhauker at Seattle, and the 
 
 liroiight from San Francisco. The lirick 
 
 James Tarte ; the Dispatch was .sold 
 
 K. Oibbons and 1'. Pierce for four 
 
 taking her to Alaska ; the Helen 
 
 Ellis to Captain Pratt ; the 
 
 Allen, was brought from 
 
 the Lone Fis/ierman was 
 
 liy the Cutting Packing 
 
 the Evaufrel of J. P. Ludlow 
 
 Townsend for nine thousand five 
 
 Isabel was sold by the Oregon Rail- 
 
 Dtinsmuir, the coal king, of Victoria, 
 
 purchased by British Colunil'ia parties 
 
 Seattle was brought around from Portland 
 
 !•■. Steffen. Her dimensions are: length, one 
 
 beam, thirty-three feet two inches ; depth of 
 
 niiig between tl;e Puget Sound metropolis and 
 
 The tugboat bi:siness of Puget 
 friiin .San Francisco of the Sea Lion, Capt. 
 
 Capt. K. M. Harbisi.ton 
 
 Other small steamers appearing on the Sound were 
 Seattle by Rev. R. B. Dilworth, who afterward 
 by whom the was shipped to Pend d'Oreille 
 steam launches Hadloek, Fawn and Hattie, 
 was lengthened and refitted by Capt. 
 by George T. Meyers to J. T. Martin, 
 thousand dollars, the new owners 
 was disposed of by Capt. W. H. 
 Jennie June, Capt. James 
 Squak Lake to Black River : 
 purchased of H. E. Levy 
 Company in February, and 
 by Captain Morgan of Port 
 hundred dollars. The steamer 
 way & Navigation Company to 
 who refitted her, and the Phantom was 
 The large sidewheel ferry-boat City of 
 where she had been constructed by John 
 hundred and twenty-five feet five inches ; 
 hold, eight and one-half feet. She is still run- 
 West Seattle, Capt. W. \. Waitt .serving as pilot. 
 Sound was slightly disturbed by the arrival 
 Samuel H. Randall." .She was constructed 
 
 at Camden, N. J., in 1884, and is one hundred and seven feet long, twenty-two feet beam, and thirteen feet hold. 
 She is fast and powerful and made matters interesting for the Sound tugs until a compromise was effected. 
 
 '"Ciipt. IIrrl>ert I'arker is a imlive-l>orii steaiiilioatuiaii, and first saw the \\^\X at Olympia, Wash. His father, Capt. J. U. 
 r.irker, was the pioneer steaiiihoatnian of I'uKet Sound, and nalnrally enough the vounK man adopted that profession. He handled 
 the steamers Daisy and Messenger wliile yet a lioy, afterward servinn as mate, master and pilot on a number of well known .Sound 
 ^tianiers. Captain I'arker was ma.ster of the Fleetwood for several months after she went around from the Columbia, and in 1894 lie 
 nt'iit to California, where he was employed for a sliori time on the .Sacramento Kivcr, returning to the Sound in 1895. 
 
 "Capt. A. Iv. he Hallister was born in California, and hiis been steamlmating on I'uKet Sound since 1877. His first ves.sel 
 » IS the h'aivrite, and, after leaving her, he eiitereil the employ of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, anil has since run 
 as master and pilot on a il07.eii well known steamers. He was with the Afonlieello for several months and left her to charter the 
 ( /,(/ii Hrowii, which he ojierated until she sank in 1)194. 
 
 "Capt. Roland K. Davis, of Roach Harlior, Wa.sli., was born in Ontario, Canada, and commenceil his marine service on the tuj; 
 .V /.. Masliik on I'uget Sound in iSSu. He was afterward eniployeil on the steamers Helen, llespahh, Holyoke, Daisy, Washington, 
 II' A'. .lA-ffci// and 0'/i'()/'('«i«fi' as fireman and euKineer. When the steamer San yuan commenced running, he joined her in 
 tlu latter capacity, afterwarif takiiiK commanil, and since that time has been engaKed as master, having charge at different times of 
 thf I'hanlom, ,/. H. l.ibby, W. F. alunroe, Nellie, IHIot, J. A'. Mi/)onald, A'afiia Transit and Harry Lynn, remaining with the 
 laiier steamer since 1892. 
 
 "Capt. U. M. Harrington was liorn on Wliiitby Islaml in 1866 and is a son of the pioneer captain of that name. He 
 I'niiinienced steamlioating on the d'aselle in 1S82, and, alter serving in various capacities, secured a master's license in 1.SK6. taking 
 1 h irgu of the steamer Seattle, built by James .Nugent. Harrington continued to operate tlie Seattle until 188H, when she was sold to 
 Ml Lord of the Fraser River Cannery. He then ioined the steamer .// A7, whicli he coinmanded for a year, going from her to the 
 ll'isid. He was master of the U^asio, /ilalni anil Hassalo for alraut a year and then took the steamer (ireyhoiind, which he handled 
 iMi the Hverelt route for two years, making occasional trips on the same run with the Sehome. He has recently had charge of the 
 sti luiier Cricket, and, though one of the youngest masters 011 the Sound, has always met with success in his ventures. 
 
 "Capt. Samuel B. Randall is a native of Nantucket, Mass., and has been in the marine business over forty years, nearly all 
 ol his work having been in connection with tuglioats. He secured his first Pacific Coast license twenty-one years ago, although he 
 li.i'l previously held master's papers for twelve year' rving on the Atlantic Coast and in Australia. He went north from San 
 
 
35* 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 On the Columbia the tugs Donald and Escort were sold to the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, wliicli 
 had been striving for some time to secure a monopoly of the towage and pilotage business at the mouth or tlu' 
 river. The Portland & Coast Steamship Company, organized the previous year, started their steamer Allianie on 
 her initial trip July yth. The /fassalo was brought over the Cascades, May 26th, by Capt. J. W. Troup ami 
 Chief Engineer Peter De Huff, making the run to the lower Cascades in seven minutes, in less depth uf wntir 
 than had prevailed on any previous trip of this nature with the exception of the Okanogan. The steamer came 
 through without a scratch and was hauled out in Portland for repairs, after which she was sent to the Somul in 
 command of Capt O. A. Anderson, arriving at Seattle, June 3Sth, and commencing work on the Bellinghani liay 
 route at once. The D. S. Baker took the Hassalo's place on the middle river. Captain Troup bringing her over 
 Tumwater in June. Alaska's local steam fleet for 1888 included over a dozen small steamers, the best known of 
 which were the Eureka, owned by B. A. Seaborg of Ilwaco ; the Julia and Afarion, Juneau Ferry Company ; tlie 
 Lucy, Alaska Mining Company ; Louise, Northwest Trading Company ; Octavia, Union Mining Company ; 
 Union, Tongas Packing Company ; Takoa, Captain Carroll ; Lively, Captain Wilson ; Jayhawkcr, Captain HoKiie ; 
 and Rosa, Northwest Trading Company. 
 
 The lumber aud coal trade on Puget Sound gave employment to the greatest number of sailing vessels 
 which had yet appeared. Nearly 500 cargoes of lumber and 397 of coal were .shipped from various ports on tlie 
 Sound. The foreign lumber fleet included 131 vessels, as follows : Hriti.sh ships twenty-eight, barks twenty-ciRht : 
 American ships fourteen, barks seventeen, barkentines thirteen, schooners two ; German barks two ; Swedish 
 barks three ; Hawaiian barks Ave ; Norwegian barks ten, ships three ; Chilean barks two, ship one ; Italian 
 
 bark one, and Portuguese bark one. Kight of the above vessels were over 
 y ,is 2,000 tons register. The coasting lumber fleet included 3,^4 catRoes, 
 shipjjed as follows : Tacoma fifty-eight, Port Madison fifty-si.x. Port 
 Gamble forty-nine, Port Hadlock forty-four. Port Discovery forty-tliree, 
 Port Ludlow thirty-five, Port Blakely twenty-four, Utsalady fourteen, 
 Seattle nine. An idea of the immensity of this traffic is shown in the 
 custom-house records for June i6th. Seventy vessels were loading at tlie 
 various Sound ports on that date, as follows : at Seattle seventeen, with a 
 tonnage of 22,993; Port Gamble ten, 12,150; Port Discovery ten. 9,>Syo; 
 Tacoma eight, 9,113; Port Hadlock .seven, 4,369; Port Madison nine, 
 5,092 ; Port Ludlow two, 2,564 ; Ut.salady three, 2,515 ; Port Blakely two, 
 2,107; Port Townsend two, 2,342; total tonnage, 73, 135. The vessels at 
 Seattle were loading coal, at Tacoma four were loading coal and four 
 lumber, and the rest of the fleet loading lumber. The Puget Sound mill 
 owners who supplied this immense volume of business did not permit 
 outsiders to monopolize the carrying trade, and each company owned 
 .several fine sailing vessels, the Puget Mill Company coming first with a 
 fleet of fourteen, as follows: .Ships Carondetet i,43.S tons, lionan-.a i,,vsf>- 
 Palmyra 1,359 ; barks ./rXT^'/vi,'/// 1,209, Atlanlic 824, Coiclil: 740, Emerald 
 1,134, Eresno 1,187, Skagil 481, (iciieral Ihiller 1,163, Sagamoic 1,341; 
 James Cheston 945 ; barkentines Kitsap 665, Klickitat 468 ; tugs Tycc. 
 Goliah, Favorite, Cyrus Walker and Yakima. Port Hadlock Mills — WvxV^ Arcturus 1,007 tons, Eearl 509; sliip 
 Guardian 1,072; barkentines/. M. drijfith 576, Kelriever c,2o; tugs //o/ivXr and ('o//(7.v and the steamer /.iih/V. 
 Port Madison Mills— Barks 7'idal Wave 603 tons, Northwest 515, Vidette 616, Oakland 534, Nonantum i.nyi), 
 A'if///V ..I/o)' 699 and the steamer .-i(/(//c. Tacoma Mills — Ship />(ii///«jf Wave 1,054; barks Shirley 996, Oiihida 
 1,444, Samosel 601 ; tugs Tacoma and Katie and the steamer Zephyr. Port Discovery Mills — S\\\\) Jeremiah i.s^i, 
 bark Mary Glover 700, brig Deacon 402, and tug Pioneer. Fast passages were made in 1S88 by the British liark 
 Kaiso7v, Captain Davies, which sailed from Bangkok to Cape Beale light on Vancouver Island in nineteen days ; 
 the ship Ne;v York, which arrived at Nanaimo four days from San Francisco ; and the American ship Jaiiiii 
 Drummond, which made the trip from New York to Astoria in 105 days. 
 
 The Columbia River grain fleet for 18S8, while not equal in number to the Puget Sound lumber Ikct, 
 included over one hundred vessels, the largest being the British ship Lancaster Cattle, 2,095 tons, and the smallest 
 the British bark Dora Ann, 589. Kighty-one were over 1,000 tons regi-ster, thirty-nine over 1,300, sixteen "ver 
 1,600, seven over 1,800, and three over 2,000. Puget Sound's grain fleet included fourteen American and s(.\eii 
 British ships and one Norwegian and five British barks. The largest was the British bark Lord Raglan, :,2oo 
 tons, and the smallest the British bark Madeira, 845 tons. Eleven of the vessels were over 1,600 tons, eight (iver 
 1,800, and six over 2,000. Northwestern .sailing vessels built in 1888 were: At Port Blakely— four-ni.isted 
 schooners /;. K. Wood, length one hundred and seventy feet three inches, beam thirty-nine feet five iiulies, 
 
 Francisco alwjut 1S86 with the tug fiscort No. 1, with which he enKaged in towinK on the Colinnhia har, rei.iainin|{ there for siveral 
 month!). Ou reluming to San I'rancisco he was sent to the Sound in charse of tlie tug .Sea I. ion, which lie handled with sim-e* 
 in opposition to the regular tuRs. The.SVii I. ion was succeeded hy tlie new tuj; Cot/is, which Katidall operated on the Sound. He 
 returned from there several years ago, aud, with the exception of a few weeks when he was in command of the tug Lorn.', lias 
 since been engaged in California waters. His sou, Capt. Clem Randall, is a well known tugboatman iu Spreckels' employ. 
 
 Capt. Chaiii.ks 1". Jtni.ssuN 
 
Large Increase in British Columbia's Inland ami Ocvan Ste:un Fleet 
 
 .VS') 
 
 depth of hold eleven feet 
 
 L'lies, 
 
 and Koberl Searles, length one hundred and eighty-two 
 
 CaIT. HiHAM J. OLNIiV 
 
 tonnage \. 
 feel eight inches, iK-ani thirty-eight feet, depth of hold thirteen feet six inches, tonnage 6i)o ; three-nmsted 
 schooners /. M, CoUnutii, length one hundred and fifty-seven feet, l>eam thirty-seven feet one inch, depth of hold 
 eleven feet five inches, tonnage 46,^; and Oceania I'aiue, length one hundred and forty-eight feet five inches, 
 be.iiii thirty-six feet one inch, depth of hold eleven feet three inches, tonnage 4,VS- At Port Madison— schooner 
 Pidilaii, length one hundred and seventy-two feet, beam forty feet eight inches, depth of hold twelve feet seven 
 
 inches, tonnage 5S,v At North Bend, Or. — five-masted schooner /.oitis length one 
 
 . •• hundred and ninety-three feet eight inches, Iwani thirty-six feet, dejjth of hold 
 
 eighteen feet, tonnage Si 9. At Handon, Or. — .schooner A'a/p/i /. I.oiif;, length 
 
 eighty-seven feet, l)eam twenty-.seven feet four inches, depth of hold five feet .seven 
 
 J^^^^^ inches, tonnage 85. At Albion River, Or. — schooner I.ila am/ Mattii\ length 
 
 ^^^^^K^ ninety-three feet, beam twenty-seven feet eight inches, depth of hold six feet six 
 
 ^^^^^^^f tonnage luo. 
 
 ^^^^^H The tuimber of ships wrecked and lives lost in 188S was fully up to the 
 
 j^^^H average of preceding years. The most distressing disaster of the sea.son occurred 
 
 ^^l^^BI^^^ in January, when the British bark Abenoni, Capt. William Irvine, from MaryjMjrt 
 
 ^^^^^j^^^^^^ for Portland with a cargo of railroad iron, was wrecked about ten miles north of 
 
 ^^^^f ^^Hr dray's Harbor, the entire crew, with three exceptions, perishing. The Abcranii, 
 
 ^^^1 ^f^ an iron vessel of 1,262 tons register, arrived off the Columbia about the loth of 
 
 January and took on board Pilot Charles K. Johnson '' of A.storia. The weather was 
 
 very thick for .several days, and the tugs were unable to locate the vessel. When 
 
 it finally cleared, she had disappeared from view, and the next news received was 
 
 from the three bruised and battered survivors, who reached Gray's Harbor and 
 
 reported the di.saster. Johnson was a skillful pilot and had had several years' 
 
 experience in the locality, but with the long-continued fog it was .supposed that he lost his l)earings, and the 
 
 northerly current set him inshore. The vessel .struck at 6:00 o'clock in the morning, and her masts began going 
 
 bv the board immediately. The heavy surf prevented launching the boats, and the deeply laden vessel struck so 
 
 far from shore that it .seemed almo.st a miracle that any one escaiied. Those losing their lives were : William 
 
 Irvine, captain, Charles Johnson, bar pilot, Charles Kbergh, A. Dunn, James Cam, Archie McKeller, A. Wilson, 
 
 William Duff, J. Patterson, J. Durst, K. Foster, P. Tallent, J. Case, J. Baxter, J. Leeds, J. Pearsons, William 
 
 Tingle, H. Aiuler.son, J. Wood, J. Kobert.son and H. Gowan. Fourteen of the bodies wa.shed o.shore and were 
 
 buried in one grave. The wreck continued to work in, and five years later 
 
 Capt. George A. Pease built a long trestle ')ut to it and recovered about j.ocx) 
 
 tons of the iron. 
 
 The small steamer (HcaiiiT, owned and operated by Capt. Peter Jordan, 
 c.ipsi/.ed off Tongue Point, above Astoria, at 1 1:00 A. m., January 28th, while 
 <ii )vi(/r from Astoria to Deep River. The steamer carried thirty passengers, 
 who took refuge in a fishing boat which was in tow ; but three of them, Jacob 
 Rennell. Mary Holt and Hilda Wilnier, were drowned. The disaster was 
 occasioned by a heavy gale, which causcil the cargo to shift, and l)efore she 
 could recover the sea swamped her. The German ship Salisbiiiy, 1,017 tons, 
 while (11 route from Port Discovery to Montevideo in command of Captain 
 Kcitzeiistein, with a crew of eighteen, encountered a hurricane with a terrific 
 cross .sea two hundred miles west southwest of Cape Flattery and soon became 
 waterlogged. The pumps became choked, and the crew took to the boats 
 and were picked up by the British bark Scriel W'yn, Captain Storm, February 
 1;. 1S8S. The vessel was valued at $2o,joo and the cargo at $8,5(X). The 
 British steamer W'oodside, from Victoria for Alberni, was lost near Pacheiia. 
 Tlie rudder carried away when she was about five miles from the Nitnat 
 River, and the crew and passengers look refuge in the boats at 11:30 \. m., 
 March 12th. They landed three miles from Pachena and were .subsequently 
 taken to N'icloria by the Nitnat Indians. During the night the steamer 
 iliil'ted ashore and broke up. The steamer was owned by Muir Brothers of Sooke and wa^ in charge of Ca])t. 
 Ci>lin Cluness. The Puget Sound steamer Rob Irving went skyward in a terrific boiler explosion April ist, 
 while en route from Sainish to Sedro on the Skagit River with a cargo of hay and oats. The accident 
 happened at 2:00 i". M., while the steamer was climbing Balls Ritlle. Five men were on board at the lime : 
 
 "Ciipl. Charles l'. Johnson was l)orn in Walthani, Mass., in 185,1. At llu- n^e of twenty lie enibarkvil on a wlialor Ixminl for 
 till' .\rctic, ami on liis return from lliat voya^je aliipneil as mate in tile niercliant service. He arrived in .Astoria alionl iS.Sii on a 
 vi>.sel loaded with railroad iron, leaving her there and commencing work on the bar tugs, from which he soon ^raduateil as a jiilot, 
 C'Nitinning in that profession until he nut bis fate on the Abenoni. 
 
 John R, Siwki.i. 
 
 \S i 
 
 •i 
 
 1:1 
 
360 
 
 Lewis (f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Nortfiwest 
 
 1 
 
 Capt. Hiram J. Oliiey," n pioneer steainboatmun of Puget Sound ; John R. Sewell," Lngineer ; Herman HaroldMii, 
 fireman ; Andrew Julinsun. deckhand ; and a Chinese cook. The boiler was .split wide open and thrown into the 
 stream, and the fireman was literally blown to atoms. OIney, who was in the pilot-house, was struck by the 
 wheel, auf'. his head was found twenty feet from the body. The Chinese cook had both legs broken, but the uiliir 
 two men were not seriously injured. The steamer A/'/j', which was lying at Sterling, a mile above, immediately 
 went to the rescue and picked up the dazed survivors. The hull sank soon afterward. A defective Iwiltr was 
 supposed to Iw the cause of the explosion, as it had previously seen many years of service in the Ci/j' "/ {.>"'"<) 
 and was probably unable to stand the pre.ssure needed when the boat came to the riffles. 
 
 The American bark /«//« Foard, a craft whose launching was veiled in antiquity, was wrecked at Knrliik, 
 /Maska, May 27th, while <•// route from Astoria with cannery supplies and twenty-five Chinamen. A heavy sta 
 swept her on the rocks, and being old and tender she soon commenced filling. The crew and passengers escaiied 
 
 and were taken to San Francisco by the schooner Frames Alue. 
 The vessel was owned by A. P. Lorentzen and sailed by Captain 
 Treanor. The American bark Olago, 870 tons, from Seattle for San 
 Francisco in command of Capt. W. M. Collins, with a crew of four- 
 teen, went asho'e during a thick fog four miles north of Point Reyes 
 at 4:00 A. M., July 28th. The crew abandoned her two hours later 
 and landed in Drake's Bay, going from there to San Francisco. The 
 vessel proved a total lo.ss. The American bark Cassandra .Uiams, 
 one of the fastest clippers ever built in the Northwest, .struck a reef 
 near Destruction Island during a dense fog at 8:15 A. m., .XuKUst 
 i6th. She was en route from San Francisco to Taconia in charge of 
 Capt. F. F. Knacke, who .succeeded Captain Gatter or. this trip. The 
 bark was .set on the reef by a strong southerly current, and the island 
 was not sighted until she was hard and fast. It was impo.ssihic to 
 save anything fronuthe wreck, which was soon knocked to pieces by 
 the heavy sea. The vessel was owned by the Taconia Mill Company. 
 who had purchased her a few months liefore for one-third of lier 
 original cost. Among other freight she had new boilers for the tug 
 Tacoma. The steamer fhrmina of Portland caught fire on VV'ilUnv 
 bar, on the Columbia, August 23d, and was burned to the water's 
 edge. The lioiiama, an old-timer on the Willamette, struck a rock 
 while lauding at Wullings, above Portland, Novemtier nth. and sank 
 in twelve feet of water. As she was old and tender she was stripped 
 of her machinery and abandoned. The I.eo, Captain Whitfonl, 
 owned by the Sitka Trading Company, struck a rock in Port Houghton Bay, November 27th, and sank. The 
 machinery, wh'ch was from the old Portland steamer W'ildwood, was saved. 
 
 The steamship y'aquina Hay was wrecked at Yaquina, Decemlier 9th. She had just arrived from the Ivist 
 to take the place of the Krt</«/«a City, wrecked the previous year, and was in command of Captain Lord, who had 
 brought her out from the East. The i'ai;uina Hay was built by Cramp & Sons in 1 88 1 for the New York and 
 West India trade, where she was known as the Caracas. Her dimensions were : length, two hundred and 
 fifty-seven feet ; beam, thirty-four feet ; depth of hold, twenty-one feet. The disaster was caused by the parting 
 of a hawser by which the tug was towing her in. The steamship City of Chester. Thomas Wallace, captain, 
 Prank Cookson, chief engineer, was .struck by the steamship Oceanic while leaving San Francisco harbor, 
 August 22d, and went to the bottom in a few minutes, thirteen persons losing their lives. The American ship 
 John Brycc. Capt. Thomas Murphy, from Port Ludlow for Melbourne, became water-logged in a hurricane 
 December 8th and ivas abandoned eight hundred miles west of the Samoan Islands. Captain Murphy and 
 nineteen of the crew reached Apia in boats and from there were brought to San P'rancisco on the stea'iisliip 
 Alameda. Martin Neilson, one of the crew, lost his life at the time of the wreck. The John liryce was twenty 
 years old and valued at $50,000. The I.ief F.rickson. built this year, met with a terrible fate in December 
 while off W Ki Point en route from Seattle to Sydney. The steamer was in command of John H. Nibl)e,'" with 
 
 Capt, Joii.n h. Nihhk 
 
 '* Capt. Hiram J. Olney is a native of the Pacific Coast and was for many years one of the best known steambontuu 11 uii 
 I'uKct .Sound, tie was employed at difTerent times on nearly all the pioneer craft, and in 1S79 built the twin propeller Siisif Ui 
 18S2 lie was interested witli I). II. Jackson in the orjjanization of tile \Vashin);ton Steamboat Company, and, after leavinj; lliat 
 corporation, purchased the old Columbia River steamer (•aset/c. which he operated until he secured the /»t'iH/r. Hewastlmtv- 
 eight years of ajje at the time of his death. 
 
 ••John R. Sewell. eii),'ineer, of Seattle, Wash., was born on Whidby Island in 1863, commenced steamboating on the sieMincr 
 iVellie in 1S79, and has since been engaged on nearly all the .small steamers on Puget Sound. He was with Captain Olney mi ilie 
 /iub /ri'iiii; when her boiler exploded in 1.S89, totally wrecking the boat. Sewell has recently been employed on the slciiiiier 
 Casiades. 
 
 "Capt. John H. Nibbe, of .Sydney, Wash., was boru in Germany in 1846, and began running between Hamburg an<l New 
 York when a small boy. In 1S61 he entered the United States Navy, and was on the gunboat /}/><'/ when she was blown up at 
 Yazoo City, near \'icksburg, fifty-one out of the fifty-four persons on lioard losing their lives. Captain Nibbe and the other^ «lio 
 escaped were taken prisoners and sent south. After the close of the war, Nibbe returned to deep-water sailing, rounded the IIuiii in 
 
Large Increase in British Columbia's Inland ami Ocean Steam Flevt 
 
 361 
 
 W. W. Gates,'" chief engineer, and Charlen Poulnen, mate. At ,s:oo P. M., when ahotit five niilen out from Seattle, 
 a l.unp exploded, setting fire to the l)oal. The flames ran through the cabin, creating a panic among tlic thirty 
 people on board, and several jum|)ed into the water and were lost. Captain Nibhe at once launched the raf\, and 
 many of the passengers put on life preservers. A niece of Captain Nililie, Annie ToUner of Sydney, drowned 
 almost within reach of her uncle, who made frantic efforts to save her. The .steamers Skagil I hiff and 
 MoHHiaineer were alxiut four miles away when the fire broke out, and crowded on all .steam iiossible in order to 
 be of service. When within half a mile of the steamer they la-gan to pick up the survivors, and in this manner 
 over twenty were saved. The lltnry Ilaiify, Polilkojskv and lidilh also hurried to the rescue. Those losing 
 tlieir lives were John H. Xorens of I'ort Orchard, Annie Tollner, K. Coombs, James Smith and Jack Simmons of 
 Sydney, Thomas Kendall, and J. H. Brandson and wife. The steamer sank as soon as she had burned to the 
 water's edge. 
 
 Five whalers were caught on a lee shore in a tremendous gale and wrecked on Point Barrow. August .^d. 
 Several other vessels of the whaling fleet were in the immediate vicinity, l)ut esca|)ed with .slight injuries. The 
 lost ve.s.sels were: the barks ^fll^y and Susan, I,. C. Owen, captain, O. W. Porter, J. A. Silvia, Charles 
 CoKgeshall and W. R. Mengo, mates, and thirty-one men ; h'lcehving, H. M. Giflford, captain, C. T. liifford, 
 !•;. Perriman, A. Cabral and A. Lester, mates, and twenty-eight men ; Young Phanix, Willard, captain, 
 R. 1). Cleveland, A. F. Cooiier, J. Anderson and J. V. Hurd, mates, and twenty-nine men ; schooners ./(»«<• ''iicy, 
 \V. il. Kelly, captain, A. H. Cleveland, W. J. Greenwood and T. Clark, mates, and eighteen meii , Ion, 
 N. Wagner, captain, O. W. Crapo, A. Osterberg and W. H. McKen/ie, mates, and .sixteen men. The baiV't 
 hailed from New Bedford, and the schooners were owned in San Franci.sco, which was the home of most of tlv 
 crews. AH hands were rescued by the revenue cutter Hear, Captain Healy. The barkentinc Makali, from Por^ 
 Discovery for Australia with a cargo of lumber, in charge of Captain Larsen,|two mates and eight men, was 
 found bottom up near Tillamook 
 Head, October 24th, eighteen days 
 alter leaving Port Discovery. No 
 trace was found of the crew. The 
 proiieller Susie, built by Capt. Hiram 
 Ohiey in 1H70, exploded her boiler 
 at Tacoma, December 19th, seriously 
 injuring Capt. Patrick Doyle and 
 William Uowen. 
 
 The steamer Heaver, which 1^ 
 was old when the keel of the Hliza 
 Anderson was laid, when the Con- 
 slititlion, Siir/>rise and .SVa Hird were 
 running on the Sound, and even • 
 
 when the Lol IVhiUomb first dis- 
 turl)ed the waters of the Columbia, 
 came to an untimely end in 1S8.S. 
 Tlie word untimely is u.sed advisedly, for, despite the weight of years which would have ended the life of an 
 ordinary steamer generations before, the Heaver was still in a fair state of preservation, and it wouhl be diflicult 
 to predict how long a period of usefulness she might have enjoyed h.id not an unkind fate pursued her. She had 
 been granted a license to carry passengers this season, and in charge of George Marchant, captain, Dave Simons, 
 chief engineer, and Charles Johnson, mate, .steamed out of Vancouver on a foggy July morning, and, having light 
 steam, was caught in a treacherous eddy and thrown on the rocks, where she soon filled. The experience was not 
 a new one for the Beaver, but so many modern steamers, better adapted in every way to the trade, had api)earcd, 
 that no effort was made to raise the pioneer. She hung on the rocks in a li.stle.ss manner for several weeks, her 
 owner refu.sed to .sell, and finally efforts were made to float her, unfortunately without success. When it became 
 apparent that the first steamer which ever plowed the waters of the Pacific was in a fair way to l)e lost forever, a 
 strong effort was made to preserve her. The Reaver in reality was a commonplace towboat which had never been 
 considered of much consequence, but the Heaver, as an historic relic, was now regarded as valuable. A company 
 was formed for the purpose of raising and repairing her, and taking her to the World's Fair at Chicago, but the 
 
 1S67. and a year later reached tlic Sound, where he was en^aKed on the steamers /■(irD/iVi', I'lyin); Oiiuhman and other Northwestern 
 irail for three years. He then returned to California and coa.sted out of Kan I'rencisin until 1S86. when he a>;ain went lo the Sound, 
 w:i^ for a short time master of the steamer Seotlle, and afterward |uirihased the W'tilihmakei \ whieh sank in the latter piirt of 
 iss'i. He then secured the sloop Sen liird. which he used as a ferry between Seattle and Port Orchard until Mav, iS.SS, wlien he 
 ac'|iiired the ill-fated steamer l.ief Krickson, and operated her until she hurneil in Decemlier, i8.s,s. Captain Nii)lie next Innif-hl 
 tilt' steamer S'ellie, which he ran on the same route lor a few months and then sold her and secured a half interest in the steamer 
 San /nan, running her there for three years, and then engagiuK in the mercantile business at Sydney. 
 
 " W. W. dates, ergineer, of Sydney, Wash, began steamboating on the CoUimbia River in |S6^ on the steanuT Afinntliaha, 
 ami subsequently served as engineer on a lumiber of other well known vessels on the Columbia River. He left the Columbia several 
 vt'^rs ago and has since been running on several Sound stiamers. He was in charge of the engines of the l.ii/ liritltsoH when she 
 ijiuned lu 18S8, atd on the Ellis, which met the same fate in 1894. 
 
 Stkahrr " Wii mam IlrNTKM" tiN Si.(k:.\n I.akf. 
 
 II 
 
 1 31 
 
 i'-i^. 
 
 ti 
 
36a 
 
 Ltwi$ 4 Dryden'i Marine Hi$tory of the PaoiPio Northwett 
 
 tardy recognition of her workit, an in tia- cnite of many linnuin niiikcrN of liiHtury, cnnie tiM> late, and, nlxnit the 
 time the company was ready to |)lnrc tier again in \\vt vli-nicnt, tlic Mk sldi'wIii'i'Ur >ii.»7«/'/«- cnnio Hwi-tpin,; |iy 
 at high water, thriiwing a Hwaith which hftcd the Uriitt-i Iriitn the roi'ks whii-li iiiipalfd htT, and she slipind oflT 
 into dee|>er water (Mee frontiNpiece i. That |Hirti(in of lii-r Iioum' and hnll wiiii'li liml nut iilrciidy lievn cnrriiil nlT 
 by the relic huntem was gradually pulled apart liy tin- KrnppliiiK h(H>ks of thosi- who still souKht tnenicntois of 
 the famouH old craft. An enterpriHinK N'ancouvvr firm scoured several large pieces (if timlicr from the hull. Iniin 
 which they manufactured a great numlier <if canes, gavels, picture frames and other similar mementues. and 
 which have since lieen scattered to the most remote corners of the glolie. The copper liolts ntid sheathing \\v\k 
 meltetl into medals, and, with the wooden relics, will serve t<i keep the iiieuiory of the /liinri fresh loiij; after 
 that of her palatial successors has vanished. The venerahle ('//<•»•, which was for many years the /Iravii's only 
 companion on Northwestern waters, als<i passed out of existence in iKHS. .She was disninntled in March, ami the 
 hull wan used for a coal lighter. iWw had lieeii out of service for the past two years and was owned liy the 
 Canadian Pacific Navigation Company. The steamer ( 'o>ilH>o tiiid /■'(), while iii louli- from Skeeiia to Victoria, 
 was wrecked in Granville Channel, hut was afterward hauled olT ami repaired. 
 
 Joseph Spratt, a pioneer marine man of \'ictoria, <lied at San Jose, Cal., January i J, iSH«. lie was horn 
 in I<ondon in 18.14 B"d came to California at the age of uineteeii, working at the machinist's trade. lie inovcci to 
 Victoria about iSfti and establishe<l the Athion Iron Works, afterward o|ieratiiig the steamers Mamie and Caiibw 
 and Fly on the east coast, and sub.sequently purchasing the W'ihon G. /fuiil. which he ran to Nanaimo for a short 
 time, then selling her aiul the Maude to the Canadian Pacific Navigation Coiii|iany. In 1S.S.2 he dis|)ased of the 
 foundry, which at that time had become ipiite an extensive estalilishineiit. At the time of his death Mr. Spnitt 
 still retained the ownership of the Cariboo and l-'ly, lili:a, limma and S/ira//' i .Itk. He always evinced a deep 
 interest in any project for the development of the city he had made his home. The important part he took III the 
 marine business has lieen mentioned elsewhere in this work. His (lortrait apfxinrs on page 175. 
 
 r. S. CiiA»r DKi'H.NiiiiH ',Mu^TKllK^' 
 
CHAPTER Win. 
 
 Till! PudKT Sound iV Alaska Stuamsiih' Company Stkamkks "Statk of WashinCiTon " ani> 
 " Faikhavkn "- AimiTioNS to i hk Sin nh, Siioai.watkk Hay ank Okay's Hakiiok Fi.kkt Tins 
 
 "I,OHNK," "Al.KKT," "ACTIVK," "ThII'MPII," " WaI.I.OWA " AND " I'RINTKK " — StKAMKKS 
 " DKI.AWAKK, " "(i W. SlIAVKK," " loNK," " MolHlC " ANK " No Wo" "I" "— STKAMSIIII'S " HaYTI AN 
 
 Rhi'I'hi.io," "Corona," " Citv oi- Toi-kka" and "City <>i' I'rKi ;. " - Stkikk Amoni; thk 
 
 NoRTIIWKSTKRN STKAMHOATMKN — ICnD Ol' Till'. " Al.ASKAN " -- TuO " FKAKI.KSS " WrHCKKD— I.OSS 
 
 OI' TiiK ".\ncon" and " Idaho" -Stkamkrs "J. H. I.iiiiiv,' " Dksi atcii," " Ukk, ' "Nhi'Tunh" 
 AND "North Hay" Ht'RNKD on thk Soi'nd— " Ci.an Mackkn/.i' ' Sunk i./ Stkam.ship "Orkoon" 
 —Stkamkrs "City oi' Kinoston" and "City oh Skatti.k' — Skatt'.h . ikam Navu-.ation & 
 TKANSi'oRTAT:.)r I'oMPANY — Stkrnwhkhi.krs " Uaii.kv Gat/.kkt" and " Orkviioi'nd" -Union 
 Stkamship Company oi' Vancocvhr — Hritish Coi.umiiia Sthamiks " My.stiiry," " Chiki'Tain," 
 "Till''. i.K," " Standard" and " ICarlk"— Coi.umiiia & Kootknai Sti;am Navioation Company — 
 Sthamkr " I.ytton " — Canadian 1'acii'ic's Orikntai, I.inkrs " I'arthia, " " Batavia " and 
 "Ahyssinia"- Stkamsiiip "Ai.ick Hi.anchard"— Ship "Thkrmopyi..h"— Disapphakanck oi' Bark 
 " Nkli.ik May " and Sciioonkr "Doidi.As Dkariiorn "— W'rkck ok thk Stkamship "Sardony.x, " 
 Bark ' Atalanta," Ship " Straun " and Otiikr Vkssri-s. 
 
 lORlv THAN A SCORK of fine .steamers came into existence on Piiget Sound in 1S89, 
 and tlie CoUiml)ia River and Victoria di.stricts also received nuiiicruus additions to the 
 steam fleet. Several new steamships appeared in the coasting service, the number 
 of vessels engaged in the Sound luml>er trade was the largest up to this time, and 
 marine business flourished in all its branches. The remarkable growth of this traffic 
 on the inland sea is best shown by the records, which give a total of 892,000 passengers 
 carried by Sound steamers in 1H81). The most iin|Hirtant event of the year was the 
 organization. Septemlwr 17th. of the Puget Sound & Alaska Steamship Company, the 
 successor of the Washington Steamboat Company, started in a very humble manner a few 
 years l)efore by Capt. I). U. Jackson. The new company was capitalized at Sfmu.ixK). 
 with head(iuarlers at lltsalady, and its stockholders were : I). B. Jackson and VVat.son C. 
 S(|iiire of Seattle ; Charles II I're.scott, Isaac W. Anderson and George Brown of Tacoma ; Colgate Hoy t and 
 J. M. Bookman of New York. .\s in the oUi corporation, Jackson was the prime mover, and. realizing that 
 the fleet then in operation was inade(|uate. he immediately went I'"ast, purchased the Hud.son River steamer 
 ( ;Vr of Kingston, and placed an order for a companion ship, the (V/r of Sitttlle, two .steamers which would be 
 .1 credit to any port in the world. 
 
 The Pacific Navigation Company set afloat the fine .stern wheel steamer .S'/a/r (y" W'asliiiiirton at Tacoma. 
 Slif was built by John J. Holland and was launched with steam up, her wheel lieginning to revolve as soon as 
 slu' struck the water. The Slate is one hundred and .seventy feet four inches long, thirty-one feet three inches 
 lieaiii, and .seven feet hold, and made her trial trip July 12th, going from Tacoma to Seattle in one hour and 
 thirty-five minutes, which at that |H;riod was nearly record time. The steamer has been actively engaged in the 
 service of her original owners since her completion, most of the time on the Beltingham Bay route. She was for 
 a lung while commanded by Capt. Henry Bailey, and has also been handled by Captains Harry K. Struve,' G. H. 
 
 'Capt. Harry K. Struve of Seattle wag born in Vancouver, Wasli., in 1863. Hig first marine experience was on tlie ship 
 On.ntal, sailing from fuvet Souml to Australia. On reachiu); tlie Antipoles he sailed for a short time in the coasting business, 
 tlieii ruturneil to the Sound, ami began steambonting in 18S1. Me served as mate and master on tugboats for a number of years and 
 was lirst in command of the steamer Flyer upon her arrival at Seattle. lie ofterwanl took the .steamship Haylian Republic and ran 
 her until her owners lost her through their smuggling operations. Captain Struve then went back to I'ujfet Sound ami handled the 
 
 I'nc lie Navigation Company's steamer .S'/rt/^ 11/ )rrtj/ii»/f/o«, resigning after a f- "--' ' ' ...:... 
 
 of I Sy5 to take charge of a steamer on the Vukou River. 
 
 1 few months' service and going to Alaska in the spring 
 
 ,1 
 
3*4 
 
 Lewis cj Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Parker, Harry Carter, A. N. McAIpiiie, and a number of other well known Sound steaniboatmen. David ranluu 
 was engineer until his death, and Nichola- C Perring' was among the last in charge of her engines. Nelson lieiiiiett, 
 who had large property interests on Bellinghani Bay, constructed a fine sternwheeler at Taconia and christened 
 her the J'airhairn, in honor of his favorite town. The steamer was one hundred and thirty feet long, twintysix 
 feet five inches beam, and six feet two inches hold, and, after running under Bennett's management for a lew 
 months was purcha.sed by the Pacific Navigation Company and alternated with X\\c State 0/ Washington i^w W\ii 
 Bellinghani Bay route. The old steamer Mountain Oiieen was rebuilt as a sidewheeler at Portland, renamed the 
 Sfhome, and sent to Puget Sound, wliere .she commenced running in the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company'.s 
 service December 14th, in place of the North Pacijii: The Sehonie is one hundred antl ninety-two feet four inches 
 long, thirty-two feet two inches beam, and ten feet five inches hold. She ran for a short time on the \'ictoria 
 route and subsequently to Bellingham Bay. When the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company suspeiuled 
 operations on the Sound, the steamer was tied up for .some time, and early in 1895 was chartered by the Xortlierii 
 Pacific and used on the Victoria run in charge of Captain Clancy. Captains McAlpine, Stetson,' O'Brien, Parker 
 and Barriiigton have handled the steamer on the Sound, and Philip Van Tassell, Charles S. FoUett ' and several 
 other engineers have served with her. The Port Blakely Mill Company launched, in iS.Sij, the Sarah M. koilon. 
 a fine propeller, for their local .service. She is ninety-one feet five inches long, twenty feet beam, and ten 
 feet four inches hold. Capt. \V. H. Hob.son commanded her for several years and was succeeded by \V. H. 
 Primrose, who had .served as engineer. H. M. Thornton has had cliarge of her engines for the past four years. 
 The tug Disaivery was built at Port Town.send by Capt. Thomas Grant, who is still operating her. She is 
 eighty-three feet six inches long, twenty feet three inches beam, and six feet four inches hold, and has 
 performed excellent .service as a towboat. Capt. H. F. Beecher, who lost the steamer /. /i. J.ihbv by fire, 
 purchased the Cicneral .^filcs and also secured the Point Art-na for the Island route. The latter was a propeller 
 registering 171 tons, constructed in San Francisco in iS.Sj. She is one hundred and fifteen feet long, thirty feet 
 beam, and nine feet hold. The propeller Ih'troit, length eighty-one feet, beam fifteen feet three inches, depth of 
 
 hold six feet nine inclics, was 
 launched at Detroit, Wash., 
 in i8,Sy, and is still in use. 
 
 The /'irmialf. a one 
 hundred and fifty ton pmiKl- 
 ler, was brought up from San 
 Franci.sco and engaged in the 
 Island trade. Her career on 
 the .Sound was brief, and 
 while in charge of her owner. 
 Capt. A. O. Benjamin, she 
 was destroyed by fire in 
 December, 1890. Anioiij; the 
 steamers appearing mi tlie 
 Sound were the .■hii;iit:\ 
 length fifty-eight feet five 
 inches, beam .seventeen feet 
 seven inches, depth of hold 
 eight feet three inches, at 
 Port Angeles, recently han- 
 dled by Capt. Harry l.oll ami 
 Engineer J. A. O'Neal; /Vs 
 Moinis, length forty-nine feet, beam ufteen feet three inches, depth four feet seven inches ; A/ocA-ing liitd, leii^'tli 
 thirty-one feet five inches, beam fourteen feet eight inches, depth two feet seven inches, at Tacoma ; .'' AV, 
 length seventy-two feet four inches, beam .seventeen feet four inches, depth four feet three inches, at I'tsalady : 
 Dispatch, length ninety-seven feet, beam sixteen feet four inches, depth six feet four inches, at Seattle ; linliirm. 
 
 SlltAME'Il- "C[TV OK KlNCSTON" 
 
 
 ■;.!• 
 
 'Nicholas C Perring, engineer, was l)orM in I'^ii^IhikI in |S6(> ami liegaii sleaniliuatiiig on I'ligel Sound aliont iSSu. He was 
 first on tile steamer (:\<liali and afterward on the Favoii/,-, .lil,lie, Itoh /niiig, Ctiira llrown, Sl!iii;it Cliii't. U'nsio and ,1 nuiiilici ul 
 others. He has receiitly lieeu chief engineer of the Slalf of ll'as/iini;ton. 
 
 ' Capt A. !•'. Stetson, a well known innster and pilot, is a native of Maine and licgan steanihoatiii)^ on rnget Sound in iS;i. 
 His first tri|) was on the steamer North Pacitii, and since that time he has run as master, male or pilot on nearly all the piiiuipal 
 sleaniers on the inland sea. 
 
 'Cliarles .S I'"ollett, engineer, of Seattle. Wash., was born in Iowa in isfi.?, and coninienced steanihoatiii); in 1S79 "ii tlit 
 Mississippi and Ohio rivers, where he served until i.S.S;, when lie moved to Taeonm. He was .sent from there to I'ascoe to I :i.,i lliv 
 steamer C'ily 0/ /it/iiis/iiiri; to ihe month of the Okanagan River, and remained with her three years, riiniiin)r from Rock IsI.,ih1 1" 
 the month of the Okanagaii. .Vfter leaving the lillnishuii; he was with the Pacific Navigation Cinn|iany for a short time, iifu uvani 
 going to the <,'iiy/ioiiiiit and to the liailfv (Outsell, with which lie went to Portland in 1.S92. Returning, he worked ashore h r two 
 years and then joined the Sehumf. 
 
 ■''J. A. O'Neal, engineer, of Port Town.send, Wash., was horn in Maryland in 1849 and has been steamhoating on Paget .Souml 
 since 1HS9, commencing on the tug llolyoke. He was also ou the Louise, Sea /.ion, .Ingelts and other steamers. 
 
Finest Steamers in the Northwest Appear on Puget Sound Waters 
 
 365 
 
 leiintli eighty-six feet two inches, beam fourteen feet eight inches, depth tlirce feet five iiicli'--i, at Mt. Vernon ; 
 ;!/. •/.'/(• Uleaker aX Tacoma, Albert Lea at dig Harbor, Advance at Wliatcoin, /iJna at Olyinpia, /sahelle at Hood's 
 Canal, Thistle at Blakely, Mascolte at SeatUe, I'ixeit at Maple Grove, and I 'tsalaJv a\. I'tsalady. The Sound 
 fleet was further increased in 18S9 by the Lillian, built at Astoria in i8S^, the Sa>i Juan at Portland, the Kalie at 
 San I'rancisco, and the Prospect, a steam launch brought from the I<;ast. On Gray's Harbor the steamer A/ontesano, 
 leiiglh one hundred and ten feet, beam twenty-three feet, depth of hold five feet, was constructed at Cosniopolis ; 
 the lug Printer, length ninety-seven feet five inches, beam twenty-two feet, depth ten feet four inches, at Hocpiiam ; 
 the Wislikah Chief, a small sl?rnwheeler, at Aberdeen ; and the Hlma, length seventy-four feet, beam eighteen feet 
 Iwiiiiiches, dei)th three feet five inches, at Cosmopolis. Shoalwater Hay steamers in 1S89 were the Ji>/^'<J, Nexv 
 Yolk, Cruiser, Favorite. South liend, Tom Morris, Rustler, Tillie, /funter a\\(\ Traveler. The tug /.<'/«< was the best 
 marine production of the X'ictoria district in 1889. She was launched at Victoria. June 4tli, making her trial trip 
 Aiii;ust 28th in iliarge of Captain Christiansen and Ivngineers Fowler" and Hickey. She is about one hundred 
 
 and fifty feet long, twenty-five feet beam, fourteen feet hold, with triple 
 , . compound engines. Captain Christiansen was succeeded by his son, 
 
 and Capt. vSamuel Randall was master a short time. I""or the past two 
 seasons she has been handled by Capt. I,. 1'. l.ocke.' The tug Alert, 
 a propeller of about forty-five tons register, was launched at \'ictoria 
 in 1S89 and run for several years by Cai)lain Clarke. The steamers 
 Spallamacheen, Lady l^ujferin and .Marion were plying in the lal:e 
 districts of British Columbia, and the I'ietoria was out of service. The 
 tug .letive was also added to the \'ictoria licet. .She was a good-sized 
 propeller and has recently been in the towing service in charge of 
 Capt. Donald Patterson and Chief ICngineer John H. Gray. Capt. 
 Asbury Insley launched the Pelauare, length one hundred and thirty- 
 six feet, beam twenty-seven feet, depth of hold five feet, at New 
 Westminster in May. The /hlamtre was a handsome steamer, but 
 was not a success financially, and her machinery was removed at 
 \'ancouver in 1894. Other steamers in Ilritisli Colutnl)ia this year 
 were the Falcon and Northern Chief. The /saiel, again in service, 
 was running to Comox, Nanaimo anil Vancouver in command of 
 Capt. J. P. Bcn'rodt. The .Amelia was sold at auction July 17th, 
 Capt. J. G. Cox being the purchaser. 
 
 The finest steamer built on the Willamette in 1889 was the 
 (/. I/'. .Shaver, launched at Portland for the People's Trading Com- 
 pany, the name under which the Shavers were operating. The .Shaver 
 was constructed to replace the .Uainaiiillo, which had become too 
 small for thCjClatskanine trade. She is one hundred and forty-five feet long, twenty-eight feet beam, and five 
 feel six inches hold, with engines sixteen by sixty inches, and was eipiipp'ed with Turner's steam steering gear, 
 a iliinkey engine for hoisting freight, and all modern imiirovenients. She was put in commission June 2.?d in 
 ciiminaud of Capt. James W. .Shaver, with Henry Pajie, engineer, Lincoln Shaver, pilot, and was the best .steamer 
 ever operated on that route. She was withdrawn about a year ago and has since been employed on other routes. 
 Tile lone, length one hundred and thirty feet four inches, beam twenty-four feet, depth of hold five feet six inches, 
 with engines fourteen by seventy-two inches, was set afloat at Portland, July .lOtli, for Capt. W. S. Huchanan, 
 wliii operated her on the Portland and W^ishongal route until 1S92, when he .sold her to the Ilosford Brothers of 
 MoMiil Tabor, Or. The elder, Olin W. Hosfonl, took command of the steamer, and while in his charge she has 
 Muik and been rai.sed seviral times. She has lost much of her speed, but when she was launched few boats on 
 ihe liver could pass her. John Douglass was her first engineer, and I'rank Brunger has been for several \ears in 
 charge of her engines. T'lc steamer .Modoc, built at Portland in 18S9 by J. U. StelVen for the Oregon Kailway i<i 
 Navigation Conipar.y'.'^ Willamette servicv.', is one hundred and forty-two feet long, tliiity leet one inch beam, 
 ,iinl lour feet four inches hold, with engines fourteen by sixty inches. She made her trial tri]) to Oregon City, 
 
 C.M'I. I,. IV I.Ol-KK 
 
 P 
 
 m. > 
 
 % 
 
 \- \ 
 
 out iSSo. lie was 
 
 
 (1 and ,1 miinlitr of 
 
 and 
 
 
 -Um 
 
 gel .Sound ill iS73> 
 
 liui'.c 
 
 ly .ill the iiniuipiil 
 
 lilul. 
 
 
 the 
 
 ng ill 1S79 "" llic 
 
 
 I'Hsene li) t.i..r llif 
 
 loli 
 
 0111 Rock Isl.iM.l 1" 
 
 Ilia- 
 
 oil time, ufu iwaril 
 
 rem 
 
 kcd ashore i.r two 
 
 olia! 
 
 
 Ill,/ 
 
 ig on I'liget Souiul 
 
 sle., 
 tiiiii 
 
 ''JiispL'i i'owk-r of Victoria. H. C, was Imrii in I^'itli, Scollainl. in 1S57, oainc to Victoria on II. M. S. '/'nnt///>/i in iS7i», 
 was tlietf transterrt'il to U. M. S. A'ockc/, willi wliidi ho rt'inaincu for two yoars. IW Uu-n U-U llu- s^rvicf ami joitu'il the 
 iiKT H'th'J.s :'(/•• as vw^'xuvvY. \lv was at'terward coniitH'tt'ii witli the ( ini/^/'/t'r. S^ittfiniv.v. />c,i:'/-t a:iil /'/A'/, anil as^istt-i! ni 
 lin>^ till' machinery for thf In^ /.crw*' and placiiitj it. When she was hiiinduM! he was appointeil j.;naraiilei' cn^;iiiccr hy the 
 liTs for twelve months, at the expiration of wliidi he was en>^a);e(l hy K. IMmsmuir vS: Co., owners ot the /.<>/ rft\ to remain with 
 -'.earner peini.tnently. Three years afterwant he hecanie nnister I'lei'hanie for the I-!s(inimall vS: Nanainio Railway. 
 
 'Capt. L. r. Locke was horn in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1S52, an« -ommenceil a seafarinj.; life at the aj^e of sixteen. rnnnin>; 
 M' West Indies with his father, Capt. Khen J. Kocke. He was snhseqi "Uly en^aj,;ed in the coastitijf tratle and ran as mate ancl 
 er on the V.' 'siern ( >cean, ^oinj^ thence to Antwerp, where he entered ;he employ of the Red Star I.ine Steamshii) Companv, 
 iinini; from i.vSi ti> iSH^ as thiril and second offieer while in their service, sccnriii).,' hydro)^raphic data to assist in making; odot 
 K for the North Atlantic. On leavinyj; the Red Star line he went to Hritish Columhia as *irsl olVicer on the steamship // f v/ 
 -■'/ and was with her duriuK hiT exciting; episodes at h|iiiipii. (tn retnrniii); to Ilritisli Colnmhia he look connnand of th.- 
 iishii) H'rliitnifon for a few trips dnriiij; tlie .hsence of Captain Salinond, was atlerward first ollicer on the I.otut' for a shoa 
 .md was then appointed master of the in^. 
 
 I.i 
 
366 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 June 28tli, with Miles Bell, captain, Edward McKeely, chief engineer, and Harry Blanchard, purser. Bell relaimd 
 his position until 1S91, when he was succeeded by J. L.Smith, who has since handled her. The Willaiiuiti' 
 Steam Mills & Lumbering Company completed the JVo (('<)«</(•/■, length one hundred and thirty-five feel t'uni' 
 inches, beam twenty-seven feet eight inches, and depth of hold three feet six inches. The steamer was coiislnuli.il 
 under the supervision of Capt. Frank Turner and was equipped with a number of improvements for handliiij; ioj; 
 rafts. Turner's long experience in this business enabling him to turn out tlie finest craft of this kind wliirli had 
 yet appeared. Her builder remained in command, with VV. H. Marshall, chief engineer, until iXg^, iiiul simc 
 that time she has been run by Capt. Charles Spinner. Capt. Joseph Kellogg, who had been engaged in marine 
 pursuits on the Willamette and Columbia rivers for forty years, in i.S,Sij launclied the steamer A'orlhur^l. a 
 light-draft sternwheeler one hundred and thirty-four feet .seven inches long, twenty-.seven feet five inches licain. 
 four feet eight inches hold, 
 with engines twelve and one- 
 half by fifty inches. She has 
 been engaged in the Cowlitz 
 trade since ker completion, in 
 charge of Captains Orrin and 
 Ivdward Kellogg. J. B. Mont- 
 gomery's propeller cyclone 
 proved such a remunerative 
 venture, that in 1.S89 he set 
 afloat the steamer 'J'yphooH, 
 length -seventy-four feet five 
 inches, beam fourteen feet, 
 depth of hold four feet five 
 inches, with engines eleven 
 and twenty-two by twelve 
 inches. She was engaged but 
 a short time on the route for 
 which she was intended, and 
 in June, 1890, was .sold to 
 George Kmerson of Gray's 
 Harbor, where .she ran for a 
 short time and was then dis- 
 posed of to C. O. Lorenz" of 
 Tacoina, who is still operating 
 her. George \V. Adams was her first master on the Willamette. The tug PonaU went out ol .service in iS,Si|. ami 
 her machinery was placed in a new hull constructed at Portland for the Oregon Railway iS: Navigation Company. 
 The new tug was christened the W'alfbua mv\ is one hundred and eleven feet six inches long, twenty-three ket 
 nine inches beam, and eleven feet six inches hold. She has been in charge of Capt. R. Iv Howes since lar 
 completion. A. F. Goodrich was her first engineer, and John ,S. Kidd has recently filled that position. Tlie 
 steamer (icoi^e //. C/kihiy, built at Vaquina for a deep-.sea fishing coinpany, was launched I'Vbruary i,",Ui ^ni'l 
 made several successful trips to the halibut banks in command of George W. Adams and Peter H. Crini. TIk' 
 fishing business proved unprofitable, and in 1892 she was handled by Capt. J. J. Winant in the coasting trade. Slie 
 was lengthened and rebuilt in 1893 and has since been running as the //n/u/orM-, Winant still remaining in charj;e. 
 Other steamers completed at Portland in 1889 were the Ci/y 0/ .Isloria, which was the old Cily of Sellvood 
 remodeled, the liaranoff io\ the BaranofT Packing Company of Alaska, the Volunlcer, which is still jobbing ahmit 
 Portland with James Good, captain, the F. P. \\'i-i\ihl for Green C. Love, and the l.ina, a small stcrnwlieekr for 
 the Lewis and Lake rivers trade. At Astoria the C. W. Rich, a diminutive propeller, was constructed for llie 
 Lewis and Clarke River ; the Eclipse was built by Capt. Max Skibbe for towing and jobbing ; the A'cs/lcss lor 
 Capt. Harry Finley," who has since operated her on Shoalwater Hay ; and the J'islier. which was Capt liii 
 Haaven's /"/v/zV rebuilt, by J. O. Hanthorn. The /fariest Moon, a .sternwheeler eighty-two feet long, sevenUuii 
 feet eight inches beam, and three feet seven inches hold, with engines eight by thirty-.six inches, w.is 
 
 I.IN'Cni.N Sll.A\'KK 
 
 \v. Smaviih ■ 
 
 Cait. .1. W. Shavi k 
 
 '?!■:;! 
 
 "Capt. C. O. Lorenz of Taconm was l)orii in Ciermany in i8.?4. His first steanibontiiiK in llie Nurlliwcst was at Taimiia. 
 wlierc he liuill llie steamer Sof'hia, wliicli lie iijierateil in connection with his hiniher Imsiness. In 1.SS6 he secured the mail cumtait 
 on the Henderson Bay route and with his son, Capl. Ivdward I.orcnz, constructed the steamer Afcla in uSSS. Tliey operaleil ' "tli 
 steamers nntil a short time ago, wlien the Snfi/iia was solil to Capt. I'rank Hihhiiis. Capl. Ivilward I.oreii/. is still ruuniiiK the .1/ Ai 
 
 'Capt. Harry I'inley was liorn in Denmark ill 11X47 and followed his calling on .\llaiilic sailing vessels for a number of ;. irs. 
 coining to tlic I'acific Coast in 1S64, where he first ran on the schooner /uiipsc from San I'rancisco to Coos Hay. After a year ^"i-ul 
 coastwise on the schooner T:ci> Hiolliers, he returned to New Vork and went from there hack to Deninark, where he reinaintil iilil 
 1870, when he left for San I-'raticisco. On arrival that year he went on the schooner HotcH'C cojistwisc. .and was shipwrecUt ; on 
 her that fall. He afterward sliippeil on the following vessels: brigs />Vii«,(i and /./>'. /•',i;i/, bark ( 'ii/(7((«(/, schooner /'i, ./ ind 
 others, rnnning between San l'"raneisco anil I'liget Sound and coast ports. In 1875 lie went to .Shoalwater Hay, where he h.i- if" 
 connectetl with the steamers A'lmvna and A'est/ess. 
 
 K. ' ■" 
 
Hell retained 
 lie WillaiiRiti" 
 live feel I'mii- 
 as coiislniclcil 
 
 ■ liandliii); Icij; 
 ml wliiili liul 
 <93, and sime 
 a[ed ill marine 
 
 A'orllnir^l. a 
 
 ■ inches titani. 
 
 e ill iSScj. and 
 
 ion Company, 
 nly-tluee ket 
 
 wes since liir 
 )sition. Tlie 
 
 .lary i;,lli and 
 Crini. The 
 
 n>; trade. Slie 
 nj; in cliar);c. 
 r 0/ SrllUiHhl 
 ohliiiig aliiint 
 riiwheeler lor 
 ucted for the 
 
 le A'cslk.o liir 
 
 was Capliin 
 
 UK, sevenliun 
 
 inches, was 
 
 was at Taiiiin.i, 
 lif mail cuir.i.n-t 
 |ieratfil ' "ili 
 
 MIMIK the I/'- /'I. 
 
 iinilicr of ;. irs, 
 icr ;i year -■ cut 
 reiiiaiiuil nlil 
 Iii])wrecU^ I'll 
 iner /'i. //. aul 
 ure lie ha- : leti 
 
 Finest Steamers in thv Northwest Appear on Puget Sound Waters 
 
 367 
 
 laniiched at New Era hy Capt. James Welch, and the Chiitiuik at Chinook on the Columbia for the Bartlett Bay 
 Packing Company. The Gold Callnnr is a seventy-foot steam .scow huilt in the interior of Idaho to run between 
 Huntington and Salmon Falls on Snake River. She was used by her owners in prospecting and washing out 
 gull from the sands along the stream, and formed the basis for an extensive suit against the Oregon Short Line 
 Company, who.se bridge across the Snake River would not permit the Hold (iathcirr to pass down. The steam 
 tui; Tn'i(inf>h was completed at I'arkersburg, Or., for the Coijuille Mill iS: Tug Company. J. I'arker was her first 
 ma--tcr, and for the past five years she has been in charge of Capt. Levi Snytler. The l.ibetly was set afloat at 
 Bandon by Averill, Long iS: Co., anil has since been bandied on the Cocpiille by Capt. John Erick.son. The .small 
 sle, liner Louise v.'as brought from San iMancisco to the Xestticca River by I). A. I'inlay & Co., and the Lillian 
 from the same place to the Siuslaw, where she was run by Capt. John Hergmaii for her owners, Meyers & Kyle.'" 
 The llaytian Republic commenced to run between San Francisco and Seattle in 1889, and in the 
 comparatively few years of her career has furnished the newspaiiers with more startling items than any other 
 steamship ill Northwestern waters. The llaytiiui /uf>iihlii was built at Hath, Me., in 1.SS5, for Captain Compton. 
 .She is one hundred and ninety-one feet five inches long, thirty-six feet one inch btam, and twenty feet two inches 
 hold, with eii.i;iiies twenty-two and forty-four by tliirty-six inches. Her sensational career began almost with her 
 first trip. While running to Hayti during the Ilippolyte rebellion, Compton sold a small brass cannon and some 
 ammunition to the rebels. Vox this act she was seized by Legitime, but the United States Government compelled 
 hi' i to release her. Before she left the harbor at Port an Prince, one of Legitime's gunboats, the Nanetlc 
 I ,i:'dr<<i/iti; tried to sink her in a deliberate collision, the marks of which were still visible when she came to the 
 Pacific Coast. In i.SSij she was purchased by the Kodiak P.icking Company and brought around the Horn to be 
 used in connection with their cannery interests, .She proved too large for this purpose, and was soon laid up. 
 .She was u.sed for a short time as an opposition steamship between San Francisco and Puget Sound, and in June, 
 iX )2, was chartered by Dnnbar, Hluin iV Thompson of Portland, with the option of purchase if the payments were 
 made as agreed. Dunbar and his as.sociates were operating as the Merchants' Steamship Company, ostensibly 
 carrying fr'^igh*. and passengers between \'ancoiiver and Puget .Sound points and the Columbia River, but in 
 reality contraband Chinamen and opium constituted the imisl ])nifit:ib'e ])art of her cargoes. The smuggr.ng ring 
 made the first and secoiul payments <in the ship, but the loss of the \\'iliii/>if;loii and several thoiisan . dollars' 
 worth of opium compelled them to 
 turn her over to the mortgagee, the 
 Northwest Loan .S: Trust Company of 
 Portland, in whose hands the steaiiu r 
 was repeatedly .seized, charged with 
 inijioiting Chinese and opium, but 
 was always promptly released under 
 liond. When the i-xpt'sr of the big 
 smuggling ring came, she >as taken 
 to Portland, where she remained for 
 several months, pending the result of 
 licr owners' trial, at the coiicliisiuii uf 
 which she was sold by the Oovern- 
 mcnt to .Sutton & Heebe for Si''.<'c;ii. 
 They made extensive repairs and 
 renamed her the /\uil<iiid. disposing 
 of her a short time afterward to ,^au 
 Pr.iucisco parties. On her first trip 
 mukr the new ir^inii she left 
 Xanainio with a large cargo of coal, 
 
 in charge of Capt. !■;. W. Holmes and „ '- _ 
 
 Pir-l Officer I L K. Struve, her fi)rnier —^—— .-^-^ . -- 
 
 , , . • ■ Ti '. '■ TRirxM-H ■ 
 
 nl,l^ter, and was caught 
 
 storm that .sent the k'tictrmtli and Moiitsnral to the bottom. The /\<iit(iiid escaped by a miracle, putting in to 
 Victoria in a damaged condition. Her cargo was discharged, and after a few repairs she proceeded to San 
 I'r.cncisco, where she was secured by the Pacific Mail Steamship Company to operate between Panama and the 
 co;;ee ports. Capt. V,. T. Rogers was her master when she was transferred to the new company and has since 
 Continued in charge. 
 
 The Pacific Coast Steamship Ci mpaiiy replaced the Aiuvii with the haud.soine new propeller Corona, built 
 in Philadelphia in i.SSS. The ( 'i'/.>(/(f is two huiulreil and twenty feet long, thirty-five feet beam, nine feet five 
 indies hold, was brought out Ironi Philadeliihia liy Cajit. Charles Ooodall and went north in March in charge of 
 
 '" William Kyle of l-'loreiioc, Or., was liorn in Scollaiul in iSjS ami caiiie \'< .\sliiria in 1S75 on llie lirilish Iwrk /'•ii.ur. lie 
 let: he vessel at .\sloria, where he resiileil tititil 1SS7, when lie went to I'lorenee ami inirehaseil tlie steamer t.illi,tn M Coos H.iy and 
 lilt 11)5 Kitbaiis at San l''rancisei), openilinn llie two vessels in conneeliou with Ins nicrcanlilc Im.siness and salmon cannery. 
 
 .jS* 
 
 "i 
 
 ill I I 
 
 il ' 
 
 ;( 
 
368 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 James Carroll, captain ; Edward Cheney, first officer ; J. A. Williams, chief engineer ; G. Mitchell, assistant. 
 Carroll was succeeded by David O. Wallace," who ran her until Novenilier, when the O'/)' of Topeka was sint 
 to take her place. Richard K. I'omlin " afterward served as chief engineer, with Henry l,ux," first assistant. Tlie 
 latter steamer has lieen on the route continuou.sly since that time, with David Wallace, master, and William I,;uv, 
 chief engineer. The City of Topeka was built at Chester, Penn., in 1884 for some Hoston people, but was sold .i 
 few years afterward to the Atchison, Topeka & .Santa F6 Railroad and 
 .sent to the Coast about 1886. She is one hundred and ninety-eight 
 feet long, thirty-five feet beam, and twelve feet hold. The steamship 
 City of Puebia was placed on the Puget Sound route in 1889 in command 
 of Captain Debney, who was for many years master of the State of 
 California. A. H. Kress was chief engineer, and in October the steamer 
 made the fastest passage on record between San Francisco and Victoria, 
 covering tlie distance in fifty hours. This tinie was reduced by the 
 same steamer a year later to forty eight and one-half hours. The City 
 of Puebia is three hundred and twenty feet six inches long, thirty-eight 
 feet six inches beam, seventeen feet hold, and is still on the Victoria 
 route. Capt. James L. Ferguson, who had held the office of inspector 
 of hulls for the Willamette district since i88,v was succeeded in 1889 
 by Capt. E. S. Edwa^-ds, who still fills that po.sition in a very satis- 
 factory manner. Frank McDermott, appointed boiler inspector in 1887, 
 remains in charge of that department at the present time. Capt. U. 
 Sebree, one of the most popular lighthouse inspectors who ever served 
 in the Northwest, was succeeded in 18S9 by Capt. W. W. Rhodes. 
 
 With the exception of the Smith-McAlpine trouble a few years 
 later, the only strike of any consequence in which Northwestern steam- 
 boatmen participated took place in 1889. The trouble was the result 
 of an order from Omaha directing a cut in the pay of masters, pilots 
 and engineers on the river and Sound steamers controlled bytlie Union 
 Pacific, which hra recently assumed control of the Oregon ^.lilway & 
 Navigation Co.iipany. The new schedule allowed the men, in who.se charge hundreds of lives and many thousoiul 
 dollars' worth of property were daily placed, about the same wages earned by a hod carrier or truck driver. The 
 Northwestern steamboatmen not only refused to accept the terms offered, but surprised the Eastern railroad 
 managers by striking for a slight advance. Every steamboat of any consequence on the Columbia River and 
 Puget Sound was tied up for several days. No better evidence of the ignorance of the men who were responsible 
 for the trouble is needed than a telegram sent from the railroad headciuarters at Omaha stating that, if the men 
 
 Cai't. Oaviii 
 
 'Capt. David O.Wallace was Imrn in NewlierKh, Scotland, January 22, 1S5V and coninii'iircd K"'"K '" ^^'a when a Imy, 
 
 sailing on deep-water vessels to various pans 
 of the world. He arrived on the Calilnriii;i 
 coast at)out twenty-five years aj;o, entered 
 tile sleainship service as seaman on llie 
 Santa Crw:. and was similarly en^jaj^ed uii 
 several other Fteanisliijis running sonlh (Voiii 
 "" San Francisco, afterward lieinj^ appoiiitcl 
 
 mate on the t.os Angilii. The /lA;//.' a. is 
 his first command, and from her he went 111 
 the Anion, which he coniinanded until she 
 was wrecked. lie was then Kiven charge i>r 
 the steamship City 0/ 7'iif<fka, and, willi tlie 
 exception of intervals when she was replace' 
 liy the Afiviio, has handled her on the 
 .Alaska route continuously since the liissnl 
 the .tnion. 
 
 '■ Riclinrd K. Tonilin, euniiieer, u.is 
 horn in New Jersey in i.S4<; and l)ef;aii liis 
 marine career in the I'nited States Navy. He 
 remained with the engineering departiiieiil 
 of the Navy until the close of the war, and 
 then ran on various .Atlantic Coast ste 1111- 
 sliips until 1NS2, when he came to the I'.uitic 
 Coast oil the steamship (Jnifii of tlif l\h:iii 
 as water teniier. He remained there a slhirl 
 time and then returned Kast, coming nut 
 again as tirst assistant on the tug Kil:rl. 
 leaving her to go in the same capacity on the steamship lyUlametle and afterward on the Qiiern and luiirJta, and was then proiiu'lcd 
 to chief of the liiiifka, where he ran for .about fourteen months, leaving her to go .as first assistant <ni the I iiialilla. He was i.ext 
 chief of the steamship Co' na for nearly three years, and for the same length of time has heeii first assistant on the .-lusiia/ia. 
 
 '■' Henry I.ux, engineer, was horn in Cermany in I.S66 and came to San Trancisco when three years of age. After .serviii.; an 
 apprenticeship he worked in different machine shops until iSSi, when he joined the steamship San /iiaii as water tender. He lias 
 since lieeii engaged on the City 0/ I'anaiiiii. San lltas, San /i)\,\ I'lnati/la, (f(7/(i»/^//c aiid ri)>()«r/, serving in dilfereiit capaiines 
 until 1889. when he was appointed first assistant on the Corona. He has held a similar position on the ll'iltamettr ani\ Ct/y ''I 
 riiehia and for the past three years has lieen cngageil on the Corona. 
 
 Stkamsimp "Citn 
 
Finest Stfimers in the Northwest Appear on Puget Sound Waters 
 
 369 
 
 Hid not take the steamers out within twenty-four hours, steamboatmen would be started from the East to take 
 
 tliiir places. When they were informed that it re((uired several years of practical experience on these waters 
 
 bi lore a man could secure a license, a change of tactics was adopted, and, after transportation had been practically 
 
 blocked for a week, the engineers were granted an increase in wages, 
 
 and the order reducing the salaries of the masters and pilots was «,- 
 
 willidrawn. 
 
 Some very fine productions swelled the numljer of Pacific Coast 
 
 built vessels in 1.S89, Port Blakely leading with the four-masted 
 
 schooners (ioldeii Shore and Kobrrt Leurrs and the barkeiitine 
 
 lrmj!;ard. The latter is one hundred and seventy-six feet long, 
 
 thirty-seven feet eight inches lieam, and fourteen feet four inches 
 
 hold, net tonnage 670. The Golden Shore is one hundred and eighty- 
 five feet one inch lon^, thirty-eight feet five inches beam, fourteen feet 
 
 two iiiclies hold, tonnage 6(14. The /.erirrs is one hundred and 
 
 eifjlity-five feet one inch long, thirty-nine feet two inches beam, 
 
 fourteen feet three inches hold. The schooner Gmdiiur Cily, length 
 
 one hundred and sixty-nine feet, beam thirty-nine feet, depth twelve 
 
 feet, tonnage 451, was launched at Xorlh Hend, and the Sophia 
 
 Sii/her/itiid, length o!ie hundred and five feet, beam twenty-five feet 
 
 seven inches, depth ten feet three inches, tonnage 148, at Tacoma. 
 
 The Columbia River grain fleet for 1S89 included sixty-five vessels, 
 
 the largest of which was the British .ship Scollish Glens, 2,061 tons, 
 
 and the smallest the British bark Janet J'crgiison, 5,Si tons. Forty- 
 nine were over i,()ootons register, thirty-six over 1,200, sixteen over 
 
 i.;,ix), eleven over 1,600, four over i,Soo, and two over 2,000 tons. 
 
 PiiRet Sonn-l's lumber fleet far eclipsed this record, over four hundred 
 
 vessels loading at the various mill ports cm the inland .sea. The Puget 
 Mill Company was at the head of the list, with fifty-eight cargoes from 
 Port Gamble, thirty-four from Port Ludlow and twenty-five from 
 Utsalady. Port Blakely shipjjed eighty-nine cargoes, Tacoma seventy- 
 one. Port Discovery sixty-five, Port Hadlock forty and C.ig Harbor 
 nineteen. Puget Sound also sent foreign seventeen cargoes of grain as 
 follows: British ships — Cambrian Prince \.s\'C), Francis Thoif>e 1,257, 
 A'ilh yijo. Lady Cairns 1,265, .1/ar//>oro Hill 2, ,^63, Dunboyne i,;,79, 
 I.eyland Hros. 2,238, John R. Kelley 2,254, I-i-~ic Hell 1,036, Craiifend 
 .',218: American ships — /uhcard O' /Irien 2,154, Reaper 1,395, ""d 
 Senator 1,695 '• Briti.sh barks — k'icr 1)^6, Edinburghshire 1,277. Madeira 
 S45, and Dunbartonshire 915 tons. 
 
 The worst marine catastrophe since the burning of the Grappler 
 
 in 1883 occurred in May, 1889. when the splendid sidewheeler Alaskan 
 
 \ fl^^H^^^^^^^^^^U^ foundered olT Cape Blanco, carrying down over thirty men. The 
 
 \ ^T^m^Bn^^^^^Ec'^ steamer was bound for San Krancisco, where she was to go on the 
 
 drydock for repairs. vShe left Portland, Mav loth, with the following 
 ofilcers and crew: R. K. Howes," master; (1. W. Wood, first officer; 
 Seymour T. Weeks, .second officer; Walter Swain.'' chief engineer; 
 A. G. Mitchell, first assistant engineer ; Albert Rabies, steward ; 
 James Stevenson, watchman ; W. Knier.son and James McGeary, 
 
 w.il.r tenders ; M. McLean and T. Wallace, oilers; William Hunter, George Shielderup, J. N. Graham and 
 
 CAl'T. R. H. HOWKS 
 
 \ 
 
 ?HBPP»*'' 
 
 "Ciipt. R. K. Howes was liorn at Cape Coil, Mass., in 1S46, and beKau sailing on coasting ves.stls at llie age of twelve. He 
 rc.nhtil .San l'"raniisco in I.Sfii on the ship /•'/yi'ii; .S'cHi.', reUirning with her to New York hy way of hpiiipii anil Liverpool. He was 
 ■^iitiM.iueiitly in llie West Imli m anil Meiliterranean trade for six years, and also made a trip lo (Ireetdand. In 1S6S he was master 
 "I tin liark t.fiiiiie/ and afti.ward lomniamled the lloiiut. lie then sailcil from New York for .Australia and China with the hark 
 MiJ I', wliiili was lost on a coral reef while <;/ (ii«/f from Hongkong to Manila. Going back lo New York, he started for Portland 
 as in lie of the I'rceiiian Claik, leaving her at .Astoria to lake a similar position on WkJuiw .1. Fnlkeiihog. He remaiued ai.l.ire at 
 I'liril. 111(1 for a year and in i.S7y joined the Mary '/'iiy/nr ou the liar, going from her to the pilot schooncry. C. Cousins. lie was next 
 ■i|ili"iiileil pilot ou the steamship Mississi/ifii, serving with her until she hnrned, then joining the steamship ('(,;'(iH, where he 
 aolnl as Columbia bar pilot for nearly ten vears. When bar pilots were no longer employed on the San I-'rancisco steamers, C.'iptain 
 lliiucn was placed in charge of the tug Donai.t, which he operated on the bar until she «as replaced hy the new tug ll'allir.ca, of 
 will, h Ik- then took coininaud and has since handled. With the exception of his terrible experience with the .l/iisi'ttri, Captain 
 H'lvws has always been fortunate with his charges, and at various times while working ou the bar has takeu steamers from the 
 Ciilimibia River to I'uget Sound. 
 
 ' Walter Swain was born in Nantucket in 1855. He reached the I'acific Coast as assistant engineer on the steamship Walla 
 ll\i,\i ill iSSi, remaining on her for a short time and then going to the Orei^on. He was afterward chief on the Afogiil, Holyoke 
 ami "ilicr tugboats, and first assistant on the T. J. Poller, leaving her to go to the Ahisliaii, with which he went to his death. Prior 
 to III- arrival ou the I'iicific Coast he was engageil as assistant engineer ou Atlantic Coa.st steamships I'etwecn Hoston, Savannah anil 
 ClMili-ston. 
 
 !|lif 
 
 t, !. 
 
 I! 
 
 i 
 
 ■; I 
 1; i 
 
370 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 J. N. O. Hrown, (luartermaNters ; Tlioiiias Gilligan, Patrick Manny, Patrick Conner, V. I{. Wheelanii, Jiliii 
 Carrington and M. Kellelicr, firemen ; J. Ahem, Willinin Collins, Henry Mahon, ICdward Sliarpless, G. H. Ruvs, 
 Patrick Snllivan, John Welch and Charles Alhert, coal- passers ; William Johnson, porter; Iv. Ward, pantryin.m . 
 Ivinil Wenzle and James Keweley, cooks ; J. Monaghan. waiter ; Hred Norman, baker ; H. Bernhardt and I' A. 
 Carlson, mess hoys ; Walfred Johnson, Andy \'enson, R. Jewell, W. Denny, J. Roscoe. W. Norris and TlK'nlore 
 Froid, seaman ; and three stowaways, names unknown. The steamer carried neither freight nor passengers, 
 and only enough coal for the voyage. The story of the terrible di.saster is briefly toUl in the following extracts 
 from the log kept by Captain Howes, which with the crew list was secured by the captain before the ste.iiner 
 went down : 
 
 " SleniiiiT .■llaskaii left I'orliaiiil, I'riilBV, May loth, .it iiiiiliiiKlit, arriving,' iit .Vstoria, .Satunlay, May lltli, at .Sioci \ m. 
 I.efl the OreKiin Railway iS: .VaviKatioii Coiii|>aiiy ili)ck at ii:,vi A. M., irnsscil out i)ViT tile liar, whii-li was very siiionlh, wiiiil liiihl 
 from the westward. Took our ilepartiirc fniiii llie whistling liuoy at i:i>:i v. M.. sit the patent loj,;, evervthiiij! working well, ship 
 iiiakiii)' nine miles an hour, anil slinpcil our course '.iiilh by east. At irim i'. M. Foulweathcr liKht liore east r.ortheast, fniirleeii 
 miles distant, wind liKht south sontlieast, pas-l,i){ rain showers, liaroineter 29.S5, steailv. Sunday, May 12th: l,oii);ituile by 
 observation 4.5° 5', ei(jhteeii miles ofT shore ; wind increasiiit;, sea (■eltiiiK rouKli, ship laboring heavily ami ooniniencing to make 
 
 water; slowed the ship 
 down dead slow. .At ^:u> 
 I'. M. set main trys.iil to 
 keep ship's head to wiiii'. 
 an d sea. At .|:c«i i' M 
 port Kuard be);:in to 
 break up, and aTler licmse 
 be>;aii to work so t li :i t 
 water came in freely ; 
 tried to stop tlie le .1 k 5 
 with beildinj;. .-\t bum 
 I'. M. port ^nard wein, 
 just forward of 1 In- 
 wheel, carrying! away 
 the covering lioanl aiul 
 liiirstiuK one of the iip|>iT 
 plates. I'p to this tinif 
 iiail kept the shiji Irtc : 
 pumps reported as duiiij; 
 well, and by slulliiij; llit 
 rents with blankets wc 
 had yreat hopes ol sav 
 iiiK the shi)i if it iiiodcr- 
 ated at all, but it ili<l not. 
 wind and sea increasetl, 
 and the ship's u]>]ier 
 works gradually went tn 
 pieces, water pouring in 
 on all sides, iiuinps work- 
 inj^ to their fullest eajiac- 
 ity but water increasing 
 rapiilly. Put the ship 
 before wind and sea at 
 I I :qo p. m. and inaiie 
 preparations to save lite. 
 Kannched all four lioats 
 
 suceessfnlly. but one not stove in before we could ;;et any one in her. The fires were out before we undertook to launch the tmals. 
 and, before the last boat was lanncheil, the ship had stopped turning.; her wheel ; all bands obevinj^ orders and doinj; well. The 
 boats were astern, and the men were ordererl to put on life preservers and ^o on a line to them, but were afi lid to j^o, preferring' to 
 stay by the ship rather than take the chances of beiiiy picked up by the boats. .At 1:00 o'clock Monday morning saw a vessel's 
 liKlits to the northward, sent up rockets and buriieil torclies, and at 2:15 the ship went ilown stern first and broke in two, the captain, 
 engineer and about ten others oil board," 
 
 The condensed language of the above log, while eloquent by its brevity, gives but a faint idea of the terrilile 
 scenes dtiring the last hours of the fine vessel Al Rallies, the veteran steward, bowed down by weight of years, 
 was l)egged to leave the wreck and take his chances of reaching a boat, Captain Howes .sending him af) for llial 
 purpose with two seamen ; but when the last boat had left the ship, and Howes and these remaining witli liim 
 were awaiting the inevitable, the old man came back to the pilot-house, and, when remonstrated with lui not 
 going, pointed to the terrific seas curling over them and said : " It's no use. captain ; I am loo old, and could not 
 make it. I will have to go down with the ship. " Swain, chief engineer. Weeks, second olVicer, and W. iKiiiiy. 
 a seaman, al.so refused to go in the boat, which was cttt Ioo.se at i:<m) a. m. Weeks was last seen a few niimiles 
 before the steamer went down. He left the bridge, where he had been talking with Captain Howes, to go below. 
 and before he could reach the deck again the Alaskan had gone to the bottom. When Captain Howes fotiiid his 
 steamer sinking beneath him he leaped as far as po.ssible to one side in order to keep clear of the suction, .mil 
 when he came to the surface she had disap|)eared. He succeeded in reaching a portion of the deck, ami. alter 
 floating for about an h)ur. saw Chief I'jigineer .Swain on another piece a short distance away. They iiiaiiiipcd 
 by paddling to bring their rafts together, and .Swain got o'- that of Captain Howes, where they both reniaimd a 
 yhort time, and then the pilot-house floated by with three men on it. Swain wished to go to it, and, altliotigli 
 Howes tried to persuade him to .stay where he was, he took a couple of planks and attempted to paddle ;ii its 
 direction. He was very much exhausted and discouraged, and after starting made but little elTort t(. aacli 
 his destination. Those on the pilot-houso .,aw him drift by fully one hundred yards away and shouted ti' him. 
 but he did not answer and soon disappeared from their view and was not sighted again. The tug / V. ''■■'///, 
 
 I.Asr Hocks ni MKAMKK 'Alaskan." ikom a I)ka\\'ing 
 
m 
 
 Finest Steamprs in the Northwest Appear on Puget Sound Waters 
 
 371 
 
 Cant. Kdward McCoy," witli a Howers dredge in tow from San Diego for Taconia, encountered the same storm 
 wliuli sent the Alaskan to the l)ottoin, and was not very far from her when she went down, but was seriously 
 iiu mvenienced by her heavy tow, which she dared not let go, as it had five men on board. As rapidly as possible 
 she moved toward the scene of the wreck, an<l Monday evening picked up the three men on the pilot-house and 
 aiKither from a life-raft, which also bore the body of John Welch, a coal-pa.sser. The next morning First Officer 
 Wood's boat was sighted from the masthead of the Vigilant, and in steering for it Captain Howes was picked up 
 afti 1 floating for thirty-three hours on a piece of deck hardly large enough to carry him. He had been compelled 
 to 1 email! on his hands and knees for twelve hours before he wiis picked up, to prevent being washed overboard, 
 ami this po.sition, with .seas breaking over him and neither food nor water, had left him almost uncon.scious. 
 (Jiiarteruiaster Shielderup's leg had lieen caught in the wheel and nearly severed l)efore leaving the .ship, and he 
 had suffered so from loss of blood that he died a few hours after he was rescued by the / 'igilant. His remains 
 and those of John Welch, found on the raft, were given sea burial from the tug. The survivors saved by the 
 Vij^ilixnt were taken to the mouth of the Columbia and there transferred to the steamship Columbia, which took 
 thtiii to Portland. The second boat, containing V,. A. Carlson, H. Johnson, J. Murray and lulward Karnes, 
 seamen ; M, Kelleher, James McKinley, Kdward Sharple.ss and G. H. Ross, coal-passers ; M. McLean, oiler, and 
 Eniil Wenzle, cook, came ashore at Siuslaw, but nothing was ever heard of the other members of the crew. 
 While the Alaskan was not intended for an ocean steamer she was supposed to be a stanch ves.sel, and her 
 navigating officers, Howes, Wood and Weeks, were of more than ordinary skill and experience, so that the only 
 cause for the lamentable disaster was the fearful storm, against which no human skill could contend. 
 
 The tug Fearless, Capt. James Hill, was wrecked on North Spit, at the mouth of the Umpqua River, 
 November 20th, while en route from Astoria to Coos Bay, and not a soul was left to give the details of her fate. 
 .\t ;,:oo l>. M. the day of the accident she was seen off Upper Ten Mile, steaming slowly down the coast just 
 outside the line of breakers, which were running very high, and at d-.cn o'clock her whistle was heard off the 
 mouth of the Umpqua. At 6:45 .she gave three .sharp blasts in rapid succession, and nothing more was seen or 
 heard of her until the broken pilot-house, a small boat, the stern and one side of the hull, and numerous other 
 pieces of wreckage, floated up the Umpqua River on the incoming tide. The Fearless was old and tender, and the 
 supposition is that she .sprang a leak and was attempting to enter the river in order to save the lives of those on 
 l)oard. This theory is sul)stantiated 
 l)y the fact that she was off the mouth 
 of the Umpqua for over an hour before 
 the accident happened, and the cap- 
 lain had no other reason for entering 
 the river at that time, while he was 
 but a few miles from his destination. 
 Captain Hill, who was in charge, had 
 been master of the tug at intervals for 
 fifteen years and was thoroughly con- 
 versant with the dangers attendant 
 on entering the Umpqua when the 
 tide was ebbing. His action can only 
 be accounted for as a last resort. 
 With him on the tug were Walter 
 Keating, engineer; Henry Grove, 
 fireman ; two deckhands ; a Chinese 
 cook ; and George Marshall, propri- 
 etor uC the Kmpire City Cannery. The latter was found on the beach, with a life preserver on, several feet from 
 the tide line, showing that he had reached shore alive but perished from exposure before he was discovered. 
 
 The pioneer steanishi]) A /iron came to an untimely end in the harbor at I.oring, Alaska, August asth. She 
 was in charge of D. Wallace, captain, Robert Hackley, chief engineer, H. H, Lloyd, jiilot, and was on the down 
 trip. When backing out from the wharf at three o'clock in the morning, she started to swing round on her stern 
 line, which was made fast to prevent her from drifting on the reef An excited Chinaman on the dock cast 
 iilTthis line before the steamer brought up on it, and the strong tide set her over on the rocks before she could be 
 controlled. She drifted broadside on, punching a hole in her bottom, and, as the tide receded, the great weight of 
 her largo broke her back, and she became a total loss. The . I neon wan an early-day coal hulk at Panama and 
 wa.s brouglit to San Franci.sco in 187,^ and rebuilt as a sidewheel steamship. She was two hiitidred and 
 
 \VKl:t.K (U SrKAMSini' ■■AN\.4>.V' 
 
 I I 
 
 
 I I 
 
 'jr.! 
 
 'Capt. lidwaril McCoy was lioni in Hartford, Conn., in 1854, came to the Pacific Coast in 1874, shippeil on llie />.;>//;«(,' 
 I'll; and niaile fifteen trips tietweeu San l'"rancisco and tlie Sound witli her and other sailing vessels In 1.SS2 he entered the 
 employ of Spreckels' Towhoat Company, running as male fi)r three years and then connnantlin^, first the . /Av/ atiil I'ii^t/it/tf. and 
 for til'- |)ast six years the A'e/iif, witli which lie has accomplished some of the longest dws ever made on the Pacific Coast, taking 
 the U'wcrs ilreilge from San Diego to Taconia, and the sehooner Dm,) llliilin from Ma/atlaii to San prancisco. a distance of 1,21x1 
 Ulil^■^ iuil 1,400 miles respectively. lie also towed the schooner /Viwcc/' 1,200 miles from Cape St. I.ucas to San I'rancisco, mak' g 
 tli» r i ind trip of 2, ic«i miles without coaling after leaving the Hay City. 
 
I 
 
 'I 
 
 i; 
 
 372 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 CAI'T. \,. K. Anokkstein 
 
 sixty-six feet long, forty-nine feet beam, and seventeen and one-half feet hold. The Pacific Coast Steamship 
 
 Company, who owned her, valued her at one hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 Another pioneer steamship, the Idaho, was wrecked on Rosedale Reef near Race Rocks lighthouse in 
 
 the Straits of Fuca, November 29th. The Idaho left Port Townsend early in the morning during a den.st- fog. 
 
 Before reaching Race Rocks lighthouse, the foghorn was lieard at regular intervals, but after that was silent 
 
 for a lotsg time. When it was again heard Captain Angerstein " ordered 
 
 a full stop, but the command came too late, and in another instant the 
 
 steamer struck the rocks amidship. She carried as cargo 800 barrels of 
 
 lime, 150 of fish oil, ,^70 of salmon, 65 bales of hops and 200 tons of coal. 
 
 She commenced leaking as soon as she struck, and the water, coming in 
 
 contact with the lime, caused a fire, which drove the crew from their 
 
 quarters between decks. Holes were bored, and a sufficient quantity of 
 
 water was let in to drown the flames. The weather was calm, and there 
 
 was but little swell, but the Idaho had begun to feel her af;e and could 
 
 not be released from the rocks. She remained there until December 20th, 
 
 when she became dislodged and floated off", and while adrift was picked 
 
 up by the tug Alert, which proved too small to handle her, although the 
 
 captain refused a liberal offer to turn her over to the steamship I 'malilla. 
 
 The tug Discovery met her the same day, but the machinery had appar- 
 ently disappeared. It was afterward discovered that her engines had 
 
 become attached to the heavy chain which still remained fast in the hull, 
 
 and this drag accounted for the difficulty in towing her. After the 
 
 steamer left Race Rocks she drifted back to the American side, and was 
 
 finally picked up by the tug Mogul and towed into Port Angeles, where 
 
 she sank. At the time of the disaster the Idaho was under charter to the 
 
 Oregon Railway & Navigation Company and carried a crew of forty-two 
 
 men, with L. K Angerstein, captain ; Cheney, first officer ; Carr, .second officer ; and Cookson, chief engineer. 
 
 No blame was attached to Captain Angerstein, as the masters of several vessels in the vicinity corroljorated his 
 
 testimony that the fog signal was not sounded (see illustration on page 302). 
 
 The hull of the steamer Wide West, which had been for many years the pride of the Columbia, was fitted 
 
 out in 1889 with a small engine and propeller by the Puget Sound Steam Lighter & Transportation Company, 
 
 and while on her way to her new field of labor came to an ignoble end on Destruction Island. She left .Astoria 
 
 December 25th, without the knowledge of the inspectors, in command of Frederick Sparling, a vSeattle youngster 
 
 with a limited knowledge of steam navigation, and encountered a heavy sea and wind soon after crossing tlie liar. 
 
 Her huge bulk, which gave full sweep to the gale, rendered her unmanageable. A squall carried away the 
 
 spanker and boom, and at 2:30 a. m. the propeller was lost. Slie then drifted in a helpless condition until 4:00 
 
 A. M., when she struck on Destruction Island, the seas lifting her over so far that the crew reached shore with but 
 
 little difficulty. On reaching the mainland the shipwrecked crew made their way on foot over the mountains to 
 Pysht River, where they took the steamer hlvaiificl for Port Town -end. Captain Sparling 
 had with him on this venture R. Golding, chief engineer ; William Walter, mate ; George 
 Campbell, Charles Nortius, Henry Hansen, Frank Wilson, William W. F;i.se and a Chini.se 
 cook. He was also accompanied by his brother, Dr. G. H. Sparling. The first, las', and 
 only trip of the Wide West after being refitted was the beginning and end of Captain 
 Sparling's steamboat experience in the Northwest. 
 
 The /. //. l.ibby, one of the pioneer steamers of Puget Sound, burned to the water's 
 edge on November 10th. She was en route from Roche Harbor to Port Townsend witli 500 
 barrels of lime and other freight, and when about ten miles off Whidby Island, lietween 
 Smith's and San Juan i.slands in the Straits of Fuca, encountered a stiff breeze, anil, 
 getting caught in the trough of the .sea, lost her rudder. Capt. Frank White tried to run 
 
 her ashore, but fire was soon discovered by the engineer in the forward port hold, where lime was stored, and 
 
 the passengers were forced to take to the lifeboats and the captain and crew to the rafts. At the lime of 
 
 the disaster there were seven pas.sengers aboard and an equal number in the crew. After drifting about for two 
 
 hours or more they were picked up by the steam schooner Jcaiiie, Captain Humphrey, for Nanaimo, and taken 
 
 to Port Townsend, where the Jeanie also towed the burned hull of the steamer. The /. />'. I.ibby was owned hy 
 
 H. F. Beecher, who had bought her in April, 1889, for $12,000. In i.Syo the wreck was sold at auction to 
 
 Capt. David H. nn.i. 
 
 "Capt. I.. K. .Angerstein was born in Cerniauy in 1849 and lias liad over a (iiiarter of a century's ex])crience on sUiiii aiiil 
 sailing vessels in various parts of the world. His career in tlie Nortliwust coinnieuceil in tlie employ of the Oregon .'^l, Hiiiship 
 Companv under Captain Connor on the George U'. /'/iter. .Vfier leaving her he was for many years first officer on the sti iinsliip 
 Coliimhla with Captain Holies, anil during the leniporary iihsence of the latter was given coniiiiand of the vessel. When tlu- ' ireK™ 
 Railway & Navigation Company placed the Iditlio on the Columbia Kiver and I'uget Sound route, Captain Angerstein « 1- Ki>'f" 
 charge and remained with her until her final trip. He next took coiuniaud of the steamship ll'i/miiiffton, but, not liliinj; tlic 
 vessel, resigned after making a few trips and engiiged In other pursuits in Portland. 
 
)ast Sttainsliip 
 
 Finest Steamers in the Northwest Appear on Ptiget Sound Waters 
 
 373 
 
 Frt'l R. Strong of Portland, but no attempt was ever made to rebuild her. The steamer Dispatch, constructed at 
 I'ori Madison by Captain Honibeck in 1S76, burned to the water's edKC at Seattle at 2:00 a. m., May 22A. She 
 twluiiKt'd to Captain Morgan of Port Townsend, and at the time of the fire was in charge of Capt. David Hill and 
 Knuiiiccr Frank Dye. The hull was afterward sold to Iv Iv. Caine, who refitted it and placed the craft in .service. 
 Tlu' .schooner (ifiural Harney, after numerous wrecks in the past thirty years, in 1S89 encountered one which 
 proved fatal. She was en route from Dungeness to Whatcom, in command of Capt. VV. G. Clarke of Seattle, and, 
 while si)eeding before a gale in the darkness, stranded on Goose Island in the San Juan pa.ssage and became a 
 total loss. The American bark Lizzie Williams^ Captain Cushman, was wrecked at Tugidak Island, sixty-five 
 miles from Karluk, Alaska, April 22d. She was owned l)y the Karluk Packing Conmany and had a cannery outfit 
 ami .seventy-five Chinamen aboard. The latter reached shore in .safety, and a |>ortion of the cargo was recovered. 
 
 The British ship Port Cordon, from An.lro.ssan for Taconia, was wrecked near Destruction Island during a 
 heavy fog at ,^:o<) A. m., Feltruary 27th. The vessel stranded at high water, and, as she was a fine new ship, did 
 iiol j;i) to pieces for some time. Two of the crew were drowned and two died from exposure. Those lost were 
 Matthew Campliell, V^alentine, Lackey and Gas.sey. The American bark Emerald, which had been in the Puget 
 Mill service for eighteen years, burned at the wharf at Port Gamble at iioo A. M., May 26, 1889, while partly 
 loaded with lumber. The lunerald was built in New York in 1855. and was of 1,134 '""^ register. Her la.st 
 master was Capt. A. Ford. The ship Flying Venus, from Port Ludlow with a cargo of lumber for Hobson's Hay, 
 .\iistralia, was wrecked on Perhyn Island in November and became a total loss. The crew were saved. The tug 
 Ike. Captain Recil, owned by Capt. A. P. Spaulding,'" burned at Seattle, June 2d. She was constructed at 
 Ha^le Harbor in 188,^ and was engaged on Lake Washington for three years. The steamer Neptune was destroyed 
 by fire while in the drydock for repairs at Seattle, June 6th. The steamer North /lav, Capt. John Gill, 
 burned in North Bay. Marcli 5, 1889. The steamer Alliance was sunk by the Danube near Postoffice Bar on the 
 Willamette, April 25th. The disaster was caused by a misunderstanding of signals when four steamers were 
 bundled at that point. The Alliance was afterward hauled out and repaired. 
 
 A disastrous collision occurred on the Columbia River near Kalama at i:t>o a. m., December 28th. The 
 steamship Oregon, in charge of Capt. George Pea.se, the river pilot, struck the British ship Clan Mackenzie, lying 
 at anchor in the channel. The ship 
 was on her way up the river in tow 
 of the Ocklaliama, which had dropped 
 her a short time l)efore for the pur- 
 pose of wooding up. The Oregon 
 was moving at pretty good speed 
 and was heavily laden. She struck 
 the Clan MackenJe between the stem 
 and the cathead on the port bow, 
 'cutting her down to the keel and 
 sending her prow into the ship nearly 
 thirty feet. It was reported that two 
 of the ship's crew were killed by the 
 collision, but no trace of their bodies 
 was found, and their shipmates were 
 of the opinion that they took advan- 
 tage of the opportunity and deserted. 
 The Chin Mackenzie was rai.sed January 27, 1890, by T. P. H. Whitelaw of San Francisco and towed to Portland, 
 where .she was repaired, loaded grain and sailed for Liverpool, June 2d. 
 
 Among the deaths in 1889 were Capt. ,S. D. Libby at .Seattle, March 17th, aged sixty-two; Robert 
 Dnnsnniir, the Vancouver Island coal king, at Victoria, April 13th. aged sixty-four, Isaac Buchanan at Astoria, 
 Jidy 29tli ; and Capt. C. L. Dingley, who was interested in the ship Ericcson and other coasters, at San 
 Francisco, November 5th, aged sixty. 
 
 The year 1890 brought about a radical change in steamboating on Puget Sound, and fully a million dollars' 
 worth of steamers were added to the fleet on the inland sea. By far the most important of these were the 
 
 Stkamkk ■■ ORKVHOr.M>" 
 
 "Capt. A. 1'. SpftuldiiiK. manager of the Seattle Tuk S-. Ilarge Company, was boiu in Maine in December, 1839, and liegan 
 Iiis marine career in 1865 ns a cabin boy on the seliooner H. M.Jenkins. In i.SsS he .sbipped as an alile seaman on llie bark I'eri 
 ill tlieWe.st India traile, wliere after three years he liecanie mate of the ship St. John, sailing Ui Havre. In 1861 he entered the navy 
 anil was connected with the Kensington of the Western (inlf Sipiadron, the ilispatch lioat I'ctocily, and tlie llanship Hailfimt, 
 Rfnvniiig from tlie service in 1S63, he re-enlisted with the land forces, serving nndcr Cieiierals Terry. Hntler and Grant. In 1S64 he 
 retiiiiiud to his lionie, and shortly afterward made a voyage to Knropc. after which he went as mate of the shi)) Hc>\ild of the 
 .'/,'< nini; to San I'rancisco, where he took command of llie schooner Ocean Wave, le.signinn after several trips to go as mate of the 
 bark Sioltiind. He left llie bark on I'liget Sound and remained at I'ort Orchard until 1S68, when he went Kast, and in iSfig sailed 
 for Liverpool as master of the brig />'. /•'. Nasli. He followed the sea for another decade, when he entered the employ of the Oregon 
 Iiii|,r,,venienl Company at Seattle, remaining with them until 18.85, when he purchased the steamer lUc, on I.alie W-ishington, 
 rumniiK her there until 1.S.S7, when he took her around to Klliot Hay. The lie. was burned in June, lS8g, but the machinery was 
 savi I and placed in another hull. He afterward huill the steamers Wasp and Hornet, with which he is now conducting a general 
 tomii); anil jobbing business. 
 
 "pi 
 
 n 
 
 i 
 
 ill 
 
 1 1 
 
 i: 
 
 III 
 
 
 I i 
 
374 
 
 Lewi$ 4 Drydena Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 magnificent steamers City of h'iiigsloii &nA Cily of Sea///e, placed on the Sound routes by the I'uj;et Souihl iV 
 Alaska Steamship Company. The I'l'/y 0/ Kingston was built at Wilmington, l)cl., in 1884, for the Hudson Kmr 
 trade. Slie was bought in 1881) by Capt. D. H. Jackson, and her performances since have demonstrateil ilie 
 wisdom of the purchaser, for a more economical steamer, size and .speed considered, has not yet apjK'ared on ilic 
 Sound. The AV«i,'a7i>m is two hundred and forty-six feet long, thirty-three feet five inches iK-am, and twclvi l^i't 
 hold, net tonnage S16. She has three decks and is elegantly fitted up with stateroom accommodations for nver 
 three hundred passengers. !^he was brought from the Kast by Melville Nichols,'" captain ; W. A. Cofliii, first 
 officer; William Andt.sjer, .second officer; W. J. Green, chief engineer; C. H. Wolford, first assistant ; Harry R. 
 
 Dann, .second assistant ; W. C. Hogan, steward ; Nicholas Van INiiion 
 and James Martin, ([uartermasters. Her actual running time lr():n 
 New York to Port Town.send was sixty-one days, and on her wa\ nut 
 she stopped two days at the Harbadoes and four at Rio Janeiro, wliirc 
 she coaled. She came through the Straits of Magellan, and on riiuli- 
 ing Valparaiso laid up for a week for repairs to her machinery. Hit 
 fastest day's work on the voyage was after leaving Valparaiso, wlicii 
 she logged ,^27 miles in twenty-four hours. The h'ingslon rcaclicnl 
 Port Townsend, February 17th, and commenced running March 1 sili 
 in charge of George Roberts, captain, G. H. Lent, chief engineer. 
 Edward Clements,'" pilot, John Hrandow, first officer, G. H. Tlwirii- 
 dyke,'' purser, nearly all of whom have remained in contimioiis 
 service on the steamer since her arrival. Captain Roberts resigned 
 early in 1895, and was succeeded by Captain Clements, with Jolin 
 Brandow. pilot ; James liurns, first officer ; Patterson, second oflicer. 
 The A'iiigs/on' s sister ship, the Ci/y 0/ Scallle, built at Philadul|)liia 
 under orders from D. H. Jack.son, was completed in May, 1890, at a 
 cost of $225,001. Capt. Melville Nichols, who had made such a suc- 
 cessful voyage with the k'ingstoii, returned l-last and brought the new 
 steamer to Seattle. With him were Robert Turner, chief engineer; 
 Charles K. Ames, first officer ; and F. A. Woodman, second oflicer. 
 Since her advent on the coast Captain Nichols and Engineer Turner 
 have been in charge, except at intervals when she has been handled 
 by Captains Edward Clements and George Roberts. The Cily 0/ 
 Seattle is two hundred and forty-four feet six inches long, forty feet beam, and fifteen feet hold, net tonnage 'ii:. 
 The Seattle Steam Navigation & Transportation Company was incorporated at Seattle, May 31.' ".. with a 
 capital stock of $500,000, by John Leary, Jacob Furth, Edward Newfleder, W. R. Ballard and H. G. Struvc and 
 con.structed the finest sternwheelcr on Puget Sound, the Bailey liatzeit, launched at Salmon Bay, November J-'d, 
 from the shipyard of John J. Holland. She is one hundred and seventy-.seven feet three inches long, thirty two 
 feet three inches beam, and eight feet hold, with poppet-valve engines twenty-two by eighty-four inches. .She 
 made but a few trips under her original management and early in 1891 was purchased by the Columbia River iV 
 Puget Sound Transportation Companj', who operated her on the Seattle and Olympia route. She remaineil on 
 the Sound until 1892 and was then taken to the Columbia River, where she engaged in the excursion trade until 
 1895, when she was extensively overhauled and placed on the Astoria route. Captains Harry Struve, Carter, 
 Jordison and others handled her on the Sound, and Captains Scott, Frank B. Turner, Thomas Crang .nul 
 W. E. Larkins were her masters on the Columbia. Another remarkably fast sternwheelcr appeared on the inl.ind 
 
 Cait. Mmlvii.i.k Nichols 
 
 "Capt. Melville Nichols wasbnrn at Searsport, Me., in 1858, and began his seafaring life at the age of seventeen, sailitii; in 
 the deep-water trade to all parts of the world until 1S86, when he went to I'uget Sound. His first work there was on the slt'iimr 
 Cily of (Jiiinn; and he was afterward ni.ister of the /('. A'. M'lriiii and other vessels operated hv the Washington Steanilioal 
 Company. When Capt. 1). IS. Jackson purchased the OVv <)/ Kingston, Captain Nichols was selected to bring her from the llast. 
 ami was so successful in this undertaking that he was chosen to bring out the new steamer City 0/ St'itltli\ of which he has bi-fii in 
 command since her arrival. .\11 of his steamboating in the Nortliwest has been with the Washington Steambo.-it Company anil its 
 successor, the I'uget Sound & .\laska Steamship Company, ami he has never had an accident wliile in charge of their steamer^. 
 
 '"Capt. lulward Clements was born in Maine in 1862 and arrived on the I'acific Coast in 1876 on the American ship A'iMi.'.h 
 from Itoston by way of Japan. His first work on the Sound was as a cabin boy on the Goiia/i in 1877. He then went to llif uik 
 Favortle with Capt. William Oove and afterwaril to the lilakely, where he ran as mate. The SI. I'alrick was his first coninwinl. 
 and he left her to take charge of the iiotiah, remaining on that venerable craft but a short time, then going to the A'/, and 
 /'olilko/sky. f)n leaving the latter steamer he joined the /.epiiyr, going from her to the tug h'alie. He then went to the ,Sanil«ii'li 
 Islamts, where he remained for two years. On his return he entered the employ of the Tuget Sound & Alaska Steamship Coini'.iny, 
 remaining with them and their successors since that time. He has been master of their steamers Cily o/Seallle, Xorlli I'aiili. and 
 Olympian, was also with Capt. George Roberts as pilot on the Cily of Kingslon for about four years, and, when Captain Ki'lirls 
 embarked in his .Maska enterprise, Clements succee<le<l liini in charge. .Mthough still young. Captain Clements has enjoyed a tirai 
 deal of practical experience, and is regarded as one of the best steamboatmen on the Sound. 
 
 -' O. H. Thorndyke, while .still young, has enjoyed more years of continuous service on I'uget Sound than any purser 
 running on that body of water. He inherite<l a love for the water, his father having been for many years master of sailing vi 
 and his uncle was the owner of the well known ship .llice Thorndyke, which made several trips between I'uget Souuil anil .\n ' 
 in the early sixties. His lirst steamboat experience on the Sound was on the ste:imer /.ephyr, which has furnished sdi"' 
 for a large number of I'uget Sound steamboatmen. He was afterward in the employ of tlic Washington Steamboat Com; 
 subse(|uently goin^ to the I'uget Sound & Alaska Steamship Company, in whose service he has remained for the past five ;. 
 most of the time on the steamer City of Kingston. 
 
 -fls, 
 ilia 
 
Finest Steamers in the Northwest Appear on Paget Sound Waters 
 
 J 73 
 
 St i liefore the lialjtrl was completed. The newcomer, npproprintely iiamc<l tht- drnhoiiHd, wan hiiill ot I'ortlaiid 
 1)\ Capt. Claud Troup and taken round to the Sonnil iti Septenil)er liy C'a|itain I,ewis. Tlie Girvliouiul is 
 OIK hundred and tliirty-nine feet three indies U)iik. hut eighteen feet five inelies heain, and six feel four inches 
 lioM, with engines fourteen and one-half hy seventy-two inches. She was hiiilt aliiuist exclusively for the 
 |),i.seii>;er traflic and showed reniarkalile speed. On reachiiij^ her deslinalion she indulged in sonic lively races, 
 luititiK all the crack lioats on the Taconia and Seattle route. She was sold hy Troup in Novenil)er. iHyi, to the 
 Si ittle iS: Taconia Navigation Conipany, of which he was president, and has since lieeii operated on the Ivverett 
 aii'l Seattle route, making three round trips a day. Captain Troup has lianilled the lioat himself most of the time, 
 anil she has al.so heen run hy Captains Parker. Harrington and others. Charles Burt has been chief engineer for 
 tlif past few years. 
 
 The steamer (iarlaiiil, launched at I'ort Townsend for Hastings iS: Horn, was a well huilt iiropeller 
 seventy-seven feet seven inches long, seventeen feet six inches heam, and six feet seven inches hold, and was 
 originally intended for towing and freighting. She has recently lieen lengthened thirty feet, fitted up with 
 liaiidsonie passenger accommodations, and has run on the \'ictoiia route. Capt. Charles Kraft Iniilt the fine 
 tvvni screw jiropeller A/tity Kraft for the F.ake Washington tralVic. The steamer cost #i,vi««i, hut, after a successful 
 career of a year, hurned to the water's edge in September, i,Si)i. The steamer Cily ol l.aloiiii, length sixty feet, 
 beam twelve feet, was built for the Lake ITiiion trade. She is at present owned by M. Iv Knnkler. .\notlier 
 addition to the lake lleet was the ( '. C. Calkins, a handsome propeller seventy-eight feet f<Hir inches long, sixteen 
 feet three inches beam, and five feet five inches hold. The Calkiin was one of the best steamers built on the lake 
 Iml has never been steadily employed. She was built at Houghton, as also was the steamer Katlurini-. length 
 forty-four feet three inches, beam eleven feet two inches, and depth of hold three leet .sewn inches. The latter 
 vessel at present belongs to J. C. O'Connor. The Ihick lluiitfi was completed at I'tsalady in i8,S4 and taken to 
 the lake, where she is at present owned by W. J. Costell. She is thirty-four feet long, nine feet eight inches 
 beam, and two feet nine inches hold. The Laloiia was built by Capt. \V. H. Cloiigh. 
 
 Ivagle Harbor was (piite prominent as a steamboat building center in 1.S91). The tug //'(m/> was launched 
 tliere in I''ebruary and the Hornet in June for Capt. A. I'. .Spaulding of .Seattle. The former was fifty feel nine 
 iiiciies long, I'ourteen feet beam, and five feet two inches hold, while 
 tlie Hornet was thirty-six feet six inches long, twelve feet two inches 
 Ijeani, and four feet three inches hold. The A'eseiie, /•,'(/i,' /<• and .-///« 
 were also constructed at that jwint. The latter is thirty-.seven feet 
 long, ten feet five inches beam, and three ft^et nine inches hold, and is 
 still running l)etween Seattle and ICagle Harbor, commanded by her 
 owner, J. \V. Russell. The /. A'. MePonald, a large steam freighter, 
 was set afloat at Lake's yard on Salmon Hay, March i.Uh. for the 
 I'emiington Navigation Company. Capt. George VV. McGregor ' was 
 first in command, and the steamer proved a profitable vessel of her 
 class. She burned at Prevost Island in i.Sij^, and was afterward 
 rebuilt and put under the Hritish flag at N'ictoria. Other steamers 
 constructed at .Seattle were the Ahc /'erkiiis, a thirty-two-foot propeller, 
 owned by R. VV. Riddle, the /iiirkeve, length sixty feet, beam fourteen 
 feet .seven inches, and depth of hold six feet nine inches, and the 
 ChalleHfiC. The sternwheeler Ainiie .)/. /'eiiee. length eighty-nine 
 feet, beam eighteen feet eight inches, depth of hold six feet one inch, 
 was completed at Lunimi and has since been engaged on a number of 
 Sound routes, most of the time in coiumaiul of Capt. I'eler Falk,' one 
 of her owners. She was destroyed by fire in June, iSy.s. The steamer 
 0((/\/(>it, length seventy feet, beam fifteen feet si:: inches, depth of 
 hold six feet four inches, was built at Hallard, and is at pre.sent owned 
 l)\ !•'. O. Woodward. The steamers A'ettie It. and ( 'ilia were launched 
 at I'ort Town.send, the Antelope at Oak Harbor, the Amanda at 
 \'asho!i Island, che Nellie .UeCrearv at Union City, the Doetor at Olynipia, the liditli li. at .Seattle, the Lizzie A. 
 at lleuderson Hay, and the steam launches k'lanaek. Papoose. La Palonia, Swan, Jeavnetle and .It/iiilla were 
 brought in from outside districts. The latter was built for W. H. Hearst of .San Francisco and in her time was 
 one of the fastest afloat. The Snoqualmie, the first and only fireboat in the Northwest, was launched at Seattle. 
 She is seventy-nine feet seven inches long, twenty-two feet nine inches beam, and nine feet three inches hold, is 
 built on fine lines with considerable power, and etpiipped with immense pumps, which on more than one occasion 
 
 C.VI'I I'lliWAKli Ci.t:Mi:NTs 
 
 ■'Capt. Cieorge W. McOrej,'i)r of SeiiUlu, Wasli., owner of the sleniner IJIofiia. was Ijorii in Caiiaila in I.S,J7, came to the 
 SiMuiil in 18S9, and was first eiiKaHei! on llie steamer /. A'. McDonald, replacing liur with the ('lo/>iit. 
 
 "Capt. Tettr I'alk was liorii in .Sweileii in iS^S anil wlien a l).\v liCKan sailing; in llic deep water trade. In 1S84 lie arrived on 
 I'u^it Sound, where lie was first enfjaKed on the II'. A'. J/c; .-. /« as a deckliand. lie was afterward mute on tlie steamers (VVr i^ 
 Qiinity, Washifi^tott ami Henry Htiiley, was then master and part owner of tile steamer Fanny Lake, and suhscipiently of the 
 Hi louer Annie M. I'ence, which he coiuiiiaudud until she was destroyed by fire in 1895. 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 t 
 
 
376 
 
 Lemiia <J Drydvna Murine Hisfory of the Pacific Nortfiwvtt 
 
 M \ I u »- l-iKHimr ■ SNtMjl \i MIJ 
 
 liiivi- (loinoiistr.iliil lu'i viiUiiv Till- -ttfuiiier \\s\* iKt-n in nolive >ii'rvioi' siiiif (•oiiiplctioii. most of tin- timi- in dinj;, 
 
 olj. \V MiAllip mill RaV CoiiiioT, ' witli II. II. Kent, iiiniiutT, iiiul I). T. M.ivi-. ' pilot. Tlii' tuj; \\\i>i,lri,i w,\> 
 
 si't iillo.it at Port Ulakilv in iS.)o, is one Inimlrcil iuul twi-ntv rinlit li'i-t liKlil iiiilus loiin, twi-iity tlirct- fict iii;lit 
 
 inclii's liiMin, .iiul clcvi'ii I'lvt seven iiK-lics Imlil, and is onr ol' tltc ln'st towlioats on the Soiiml. Slii- is at jiiim ni 
 
 ooniniamlnl liy \V Iv Uailoy, with V.. \V. PiivkhotT, cnniniir 
 
 Olianni's in ownersliip of Soiiml steamers in i.s,,,. were tlie .hii;i/,<. pnrehaseii liy tlie llaslni>;s 
 
 'I'r insportation Company, tlie /•;»/;•//,;.•,•<; !» the I'aeilic Navigation ^.'onipany, the A'<///i liy CamplK-ll Hti)llier>, 
 
 the /'/iii>i/i<»i liy the Stinison Mill Company, 
 
 ami the />is/>ii/,/i liy Meyer iS: lle!is|K-ter. .-■— ■ - 
 
 The steam soow A/iirgie arrived from Tort- 
 
 land in An^nst for Mall iV Myriek, and the 
 
 /'. /. /\>tli> was hroiiKht from the Colnniliia 
 
 in Septemlier. in ehar>;e of Capt, Anhie 
 
 I'ease, Iv J Moody and ICngineer Tom Smith. 
 
 The iNistal reports for iSijo show that the 
 
 State of Washington had over nine hundred 
 
 miles of water mail routes, (m which steamers 
 
 traversed three hundred thonsand miles a 
 
 \ear, a striking i-haii);e troin thirty years 
 
 liefore, when " llnmlHildt Jack" Cos>;rove 
 
 and his sloo)! and the old /■// ij .l)i,iiiM<ii 
 
 were the only mail carriers in that portion 
 
 of the Northwest. The steamers Chilui/is. 
 
 length seve'itylhree feet six inches, lieam 
 
 sixteen leet, depth of hold six feet, and 
 
 h'.lma. were Imill at Cosmopolis. (Iray's Harbor, in iSijo, and a small steam launch, the Romp, at lloi|ii;.uii. 
 The Hnrrards Inlet Towiiij; Company, which was originally composed Ki'i Allied N. C. Kinj;. lliii;li 
 
 Stalker. John Morton and Donald Mcl'haiden. '" in iSijn liecame the I'nioii Steamship Company ol limisli 
 
 Coliimhia. Their lleet at this time coiisisteil of the steamers /.tv>ii>iii. .S'iHii/i<> and Siii/it;,i/i\ to which tlu-\ 
 
 .idded the passeii>;er steamers ( ;(/i/; and l\>iiii'\ and the tVeinhteis ( .'///(///iiw and ( '((/i/Ai//,'. The /.tii^c'/ii was a 
 
 wooden proiK'ller fifty seven feet loiij;, nine feet heam, and live I'eel three inches hold, with liinh pressure doiilile 
 
 engines .seven and one half liy ei){hl inches. She was constructed at Victoria in 1,^7(1 hy J. Spiatt. The Siii,i/r> 
 
 was completed at Moody ville in i,S,Si and is liftyone feet five inches lon>;. twelve feet Ueam, and four lirl 
 
 hold, with doulile en^;ines seven and one-(|narter liy ei^ht inches. She is used as a passenger ferry iKtwiiii 
 
 \'ancouver and Moodyville. The tiij; Sii\/,i;ii/i-. seventy six feet loiin. 
 twelve feet lieani, and five and one-half feet hold, was launched in iS;,) 
 and in i,Sgj was eipiipped with new cotupouiul engines eleven ,iii(l 
 twenty-two liy fourleei; inches. The ( nU/i. the first addition to llie 
 company's lleet, was liuilt at Hull in i,s,S4. She is a schoonerrii^mvl 
 Jiropeller of ,5.'4 tons gross register, one hundred and eighty feet lung, 
 twenty-three feet two inches lieam, ami eleven feet seven inches holil, .iiui 
 is liceiiseil to carry 150 passengers. She is eipiipped with coiU|ioiiiul 
 engines twenty-five and forty eight liy thirty inches, ami has a noniiii;il 
 sjiced of twelve miles per hour on a coal consumption of twelve tons in 
 
 •'Ciipt. R. C. Cninuir is ,-i n;itivi' of S\r,u-usr, N, \'., aiul his lirst iiiaiitu' f\iu' 
 rifiice WHS <iii llie I'uili'tl ,'sl.iles itiati iit-wai /'i<t'Hi/i'ii>xti. with whii-h he irni.muii 
 I'nim iSh2 lo |S(\S .\t tlu* t'h>!»f of tlu- war he \v,is cii^a^fil in China ami lapai; u.ttti-- 
 for IwiOve years, lUirin^ Iwii of whieh he serveil as pihii cm the Van^ Ise River. WliiU 
 ill Ihe .\sialic Iraile he was pilot of Ihe I'eninsnlar ,"v (Irienial steamer lloiiih^n hIum 
 she was in eollisictn in the (iull of Vethlo with the I'nileil Slates sloojvofwar i '':/■ ..v, 
 linriiig wliieh one hmitlrcil am! twelve lives were hist. lit- was also wreeketi on i!u- 
 Hiitish steamer /\i:i n in the China Sea in iS7,i, ami nariowl> eseapetl losing Ins hie 
 al the haiiils of pirates (.'a]<taiii Connor's lirst wmk in the Northwest was on ilic 
 steamships I'mtitilla Hinl )\tiiuiti,i, ami he was siihse(|nently einj>loyeil on the (,,'..'.;//. 
 .V, /.. Mi\fiit, Hiiil a numlier of other well known .Souml sieainers. I'or the past u» 
 years he has eotninamled the lirehoat .S>/('<///,i/i;//V at Seattle, 
 C.viT. K. c CiiNNon »|l II, Kent, enni'ieer, was horn in Huston in iSs2 and l>enaii sUnmhoaliiij; 
 
 ill the Norlliwesl on the /.irr/v in the Cieoilelie service in i.S;) Alter leaving h> i la- 
 ran on a iitiuilicr of oilier steamers on I'n^et Souml, ami has reeeiillv heeii ehief engineer on the ,Seattle lirehoat Siuh/iiiihnu- 
 
 -'"Capt. II. T. Davis is a native of ('ireat Hrilain ami has heeii sleanihoatiiif^ sinee 1S77 on I'li^et Simml. where his llist su ina-r 
 wa.s the luiiiiiir l.iikc. lie w.is Hlterwanl pilot on the steamer ( lii halis ami was ennaneil as mate, pilot ami m.ister for several >■ ii-- 
 ill the service of the C>re).;on Railwav vS: Navij^alioii Coinpativ. lie has recently Iteeti connecteil with the lirehoat SfiiUjiuti".: .it 
 Seattle. 
 
 '■Capt. nonahi Mcl'liaiclen of Vancouver, H. C, was iKirn in Scotlaiul in 1S27 ami has had forty \ears of exiierienct i-- a 
 mariner, twenty-live of which were spent sailing out of Melliourne. lie reacheil the I'acilii- Coast in 1.S.S.1 and soon alterwaul wis 
 interested in the steamers Siiuitoi , /.fotiota and SkuttXiiit\ snhse(|neiitly jniiiin^ forces willi the t'nioii .Steamship Compati) . 
 
Finrst iiteuiiii.'rs in thu fi/orthwvst /ffifwnr on Puyrt Siwml Watvrs 
 
 377 
 
 mciii ill. 1 1 m 
 
 Wlllilflil ^\.|^ 
 ■I'f iVvt iil;1iI 
 is at iMi'-itit 
 
 III' Ilasliii^;^ 
 nil llidUiirs, 
 
 ilt Il(ii|ui:llll 
 
 Kiii>;. IIii,i;li 
 
 iiy 1)1 Itritisli 
 
 1 which Ihev 
 
 '.lOiioi It was a 
 
 cssmv ilmilik' 
 
 The S(iiii.\'> 
 
 ami I'uiir liil 
 
 I'lrv IkIwiiii 
 
 X U-cl liiiin, 
 
 lull in is;<) 
 
 cliviii anil 
 
 ition til the 
 
 ooiK'rrinmil 
 
 ly lirt \nu^. 
 
 lidUI. .inii 
 
 h i'i)ni|Mminl 
 
 s a luiiiiir.al 
 
 wclvc ti)n> Ml 
 
 »l niaritii' >\i«' 
 ■ll lie trln.tnu'l 
 il lalial; »..Ui- 
 RiviT. Willi.- 
 /li^tiihttv wtit'ti 
 111' war I ''.',■ /il. 
 ,ii-i'ki'il nil llic 
 Icisinn lii> lili- 
 •St was on tlu- 
 
 nil till- (,,',.•,/*. 
 
 or till' past liw 
 
 II stiaiiitinaiiiii; 
 Ifaviiif. liii lif 
 
 his first sli.nmT 
 
 [ir sevi'ral > i in* 
 
 Sniiijiiaiii,: .it 
 
 i'x|ierii'iici »■- a 
 I altiTwaii! vv.is 
 iiiiliaiiy. 
 
 IlKNItN I) \H1 IM. 
 
 t\M'iity-f()ur liotirs. Slu' wiis Imiiglit from i'lu.illihiii Jooinnlihoy, ailininistnitni ol iiti i-stati- in llnniliay, whcni-i' 
 
 C'lpt, W'illiatn Wi'listiT htoiiKJit Ikt liy way nl' the Inilian (U-ian to Sinnaiioiv. ihi'nri' lu-mss tho China Sea tn 
 
 J.i|i.in. .mil limn tlu'ie tn \ nnmnvi'i, whi'te she has sinee been en^a^eil nn the mnte hetween the terminal eity 
 
 nii'l Nanaimo. Ca|itain Welister was lirst manager nl the i-iim|iany ami was sneeeeileil hy W I-'. To|)|iin){ anil lie 
 
 ill liirn liy Henry DarliiiK, ' who at (nesent is in ehar^e of its afl'airs. 
 
 Till' three other Hteailiers of the loinpany were hrotiKht from (llasjjow 
 
 ill sections anil |)iit together at \'ani'o\iver liy Darling. 
 
 N'ictoria's steam lleet receiveil several im]iortant aililitions, 
 
 iiihiiiK them the ,I/)m7(»;i . constnicteil for Harle iSt Siunier at a cost 
 
 III iweiity tholisaml ilollars. The steamer is still in existence ami 
 
 has recently lK.i'n commamleil hy Oajit. William Iteynon. The 
 
 iliiilliiin, Ca|itain Ilarniilt. was lanncheil May .Sth lor CnnninKhain 
 
 \ Son. ' the Skeena Kiver cannerymen. She was a hamlsomc little 
 
 |ii.i|ii'ller eiHhty five feet loiin. sixteen firt heam, ami einhl feet six 
 
 Mil Iks liolil. The piopeller /'liislli niaile her trial trip Septemher 
 
 j.sth in char^'e of Captain Mansoti, is still in active hcrvice, ami has 
 
 nnntly lieeii haniUcd liy Capt. Wallace I.aiiKley " in the halilmt 
 
 lisliiiij; traile. The propeller S/iiHt/iiit/ was Imilt at \ictori.i lor 
 
 Hiiuial joliliiin;, afteiwanl passeil into the li.imis of Cap! John 
 
 Iniiij; ami k. I'. Uithet, ami foitmlereil oil Ciipc Miiilj;e in i.Sijv 
 
 Till tun /••''"''■. length eighty feet, licatn sixteen feet, ami depth of 
 
 liiilil seven feet six inches, wa.s set atloat at Vancouver. The 
 
 sie.imcrs I'ltiiivir.rr iwu] the wrecker .lA/.((ii//<- ajipeareil in iSiju. The 
 
 sUriiwheeler />'i"/ .lio'id. einhly feet lonj;, foiirteeii feet lieain. anil 
 
 iuiir feel six inches liolil, was completcil for the iMaser liy I >. ('■. 
 
 Miinn iV Co. The l\>ili,l,ui. a small steamer, was liuilt on Okanaf-an 
 
 I,.ike. .VuKiist .V'tli, anil cotnmamled liy Capt. T. I>. Short. The 
 
 steamer i'l'Hs/ano', seventy-six feet lonj;. thirteen feet heam, and six 
 
 feet hold, was lannched Jaiinary 7th liy K. Colviii for ICwen iS: Co. of New Weslminsler and was commanded liy 
 
 Capliin Odin. The attractions ol Shawninan Lake as a slimmer resort were enhanced in i.Siju liy the advent of 
 
 •lie steam launch /■.'>i/ii/>rt'sr. The lii); tun ■Ui\,tii,/i>, constructed on the vSkceiia in 1.S711. was this year sold to 
 
 T I'. 11. Whitelaw of San I'"raiuiscii. who converted her into a whaler. The Canadian I'acilic Navigation 
 
 Company aci|iiired the steamers .Inii/iii and Niiiiibow, relics of their latest opposition. The Ollri, after nearly 
 
 flirty years of ti.sefuliie.ss, was liurned at X'ictoria in June to ohtain her copper, and the ll'i/.wii (i. Iluut was 
 
 Uroken up almut the same time liy 
 Cohen iS; Co. of .San l''iaiicisco, who 
 
 'lli'iiii liarliii^ ill' N'ancniii ri . 
 H. C, itiaiia>;i'r nt* tin* liiinii Sli-aiiisliip 
 (.'iiiiipaiiv. WIIS Imrii in Ni'W /imIihuI in 
 iSd;. Ill- st-rM'tl an aiiini'iiliii'slii|t al llii' 
 Hiirk^ ol |. ,\ II. I'lWylllli's. I.olliloll. lillj; 
 land, lor tivi- ami oiie-liail" \i'ais. allrr 
 wliirli he entiMi'il tin* si-rviri' ol llir llrilisli 
 Imlia SliMiii Niu ij.;ation Conipany, willi 
 whom 111" riMiiaini'il Tor six mmis. working 
 lip to till- jxisitioii III si'i'oiiil t'liKini'i'r. Mi* 
 thi'ii joiiifil till' Hritish lliiinit-si- .'sii-aniship 
 Coiiiiiany tor a \rar in the same rapai-it\, 
 Inning llial eiiiplox lor a position as iissis 
 taut siiperinteiiilt'iii o' the riiion .Sieani 
 ship Company ol New /i-alainl. of which 
 his lallier, John Iiarliii|^. was ilireetor ami 
 general sii per i nteliilent . I'iarly in iStii 
 Henry Iiarliny lieeaine eoiineeteil with the 
 I'llioll Sti-amsliip Collipiili> . ol wllii-h lie is 
 now seereliir\ anil treasurer. Mr |ijirl'n>; 
 is well litteil I'roni his praeiual experieiue 
 lor tile position in wliieli he is eii^ia^eil. 
 'Hie or^ani/iilion ol' the eonipany was a 
 leiulin^ factor lemliii^ lowaril tlii' proj^ress 
 
 S'.iiieoiiver. anil the varions routes Iraverseil liy their steamers have ilevelopeil remarkalily in the last few years. 
 
 ■'k. (1. Cunningham ot' Port Mssiii>;toii. 11. C, was Iiorn on the Naas Kivir, It. C. in 1.S6.S, ami for the past twi-lve >*ears has 
 
 II assoeiateil with his father in marine ami eannery enterprises. In iSS\ they hnilt the sehooner Skt'tiui lor trailing' purposes, in 
 ■s ]mri'linseil the steamer Mut r I for work in eonnei'tioii with their i-annery interests, ainl in 1.S90 eonslriieleil the ( 'hirftiitv, one 
 
 ilie neatest little steamers in Itritisli Colninhii waters. Her ealiiii ami upper works weie ilesinneil liy the yonn^jer 
 
 . Ciiiiiiiii^hain, who, while lie has never applieil for a lieense. has a thoroiij^lily praetieal knowleilj^i- of the operation of a 
 
 imlKiat, ami has hail eliai>;e of tliis hraneh of the lirni's hnsiiiess siine iSSi. 
 
 51_SE, 
 
 -!-■■ 'J.' 
 
 SrK.lMKK 
 
 '"Capt. Wallace l.anuley was liorii in Nova ."^cotia in i.SWi ami lias liecn encnued in tlie marine hnslness for sixteen years. 
 ■ first work in Hritish Cohimliia was on the steamer /^iiisy in i.S.SS. anil he was siihseiinently in the employ of the Canaiiian Pacitie 
 i\iKation CoinjiHiiy as mate ami liilot on their steamers anil as master of t' v Tnins/i'r. He has recently lieen in cliarge of tlie 
 liner I'liisllc in the lisliiiiH Imsiness. 
 
 ii 
 
 1 j t 
 
 I I i 
 
 1 I 
 
37^ 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 \m 
 
 n^m; 
 
 k. O, Cl'NNlNltllAM 
 
 had bought her to secure her iron. The Canadian Pacific Navigation Company's magnificent steamer /ilan.i,, 
 
 made a few trips on the Alaska route in charge of Captain Irving. She was especially adapted for this trade ami 
 
 would no doubt have proved profitable had not the American customs law compelled her to withdraw from tlie 
 
 field. The steamer Whs was chartered by Capt. James I<. Anderson" and placed in the halibut fishing trails, 
 
 where she was highly successful. 
 
 A quarter of a century had i i.ip.sed since Capt. I.tiiiiaid 
 White had opened navigation on the upper Columbia with tlie 
 Forty-nine, and this magnificent stretch of water had been negkcttil 
 for many years, when in 1S90 the Columbia & Kootenai vSUani 
 Navigation Company was organized, with a capital stock of i.iie 
 hundred thousand dollars, with headquarters at Revelstoke. 'Die 
 incorporators were Hon. J. A. Mara, Commodore John Irving, Robert 
 .Sanderson, F. S. Barnard, J. Fred Hume and William Cowen. Tlieir 
 announced intention was to operate passenger, freight and towing 
 steamers on the Columbia and on Kootenai River and Lake. Their 
 first steamer was the f.yllon, and the>- afterward secured the h'oolniai 
 and S/>oA-<ini\ which they placed under the Urili.sh flag, and then Imilt 
 the jYt/son and Columbia, all fine sternwheelers. The ColiiniOia. 
 Lyilon and Kootenai, and the freighter Il/icil/i-uaet, were u.sed on the 
 Columbia River and Arrow Lakes, between Revelstoke and Little 
 Dalles, and the Spokane and iVelson on Kootenai Lakes, between 
 Honner's Ferry. Nel.son and Kaslo. For the past three years Cajit. 
 J. W. Troup has been superintendent of the company, and, owing to 
 the rapid development of the mining industrie;, of that region, the 
 steamers have enjoyed a very lucrative traffic. The largest and finest 
 of their fleet, the Columhia, was destroyed by fire near the boundarv 
 line in 1894. Her place was filled in August, 1895. by the XukKs/^. 
 as perfect a sternwheeler as ever floated. The small propeller Allou 
 
 was brought out from Chicago by William l{aton. She was commanded by her owner and I). C. Long. 
 
 The Canadian Pacific Railway Company's new Driental steamsliip line enjoyed an immense traflic from its 
 
 inception, and the Pacific Mail Company suffered accordingly. They made a feeble attempt at retaliation by 
 
 sending the steamships City of Peking and City of Rio Janeiro to 
 
 Victoria, while en route 10 and from the Orient, and finally abandoned 
 
 the business. The regular liners of the Canadian Pacific were the ' 
 
 Abyssinia, Captain Lee ;'" liataina. Captain Hill ; and Parthia, Cap- 
 tain Wallace. The steamers Danube and Mom^kut also made a few 
 
 trips to China, Captain Hill handled the former until she was 
 
 purchased by the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company. She was 
 
 then commanded by Captains Walbran and Meyers, while Captain 
 
 Mill took the Jiafavia. The steamship West Intlian. Captain Scott, 
 
 First Officer L. P. Locke, arrived at \'ictoria from Liverpool, was 
 
 subsequently placed in the coasting trade, and acquired considerable 
 
 notoriety from frequent trouble with the Sailors' L'uion. She was 
 
 wrecked in 189^ off Acajutla with a cargo of coffee. The Wellington, 
 
 Captain Salmoiul, was plying regularly in the Xanainio coal trade, 
 
 and the Hawaiian steamers Costa A'ieu and A/ontserrat were also 
 
 ■" Capt. James K. .Anderson of \'ancouvcr, H. C, was among llic first to 
 lake advantage of the lialilinl fishing grounds in the Niirtliwest. lie was horn 
 in .Vova Seotia in i.Sji and liegan going to sea with his father wlien lint ten years 
 of age, sailing in llie A'c/iert llnue of Halifax for seven vears. Dnring the 
 following (juarter of a lentnry he was cmnniainler of eleven dilTcrent vessels on 
 the Haslern eoast, the sehooners /iirv, Moiiiiiii; /.iqlil, I'esatctiir, Ida '/'iiuntiuc, 
 Iteii /Ids/cel/, (,',ot,i;e .V. /.a;e. Sriti SloikhriJi^e. ,/. J. Clarlt, Joieph Storey, 
 ll'illia>n II. Jordan and Mountain l\inKt owning all or a part of most of them. 
 Dnring his long eareer he was east away three time:,, -in iSfiJi hi 1S84 and in 
 1.SS6. In l.Si)o he reacheil this Coast, chartered the steamer I'elvs, and went on 
 a fishing ernise for halibut. He has made a great many trips since then and in 
 Septemher, iSyj, came in willi 2,066 of these fish, aggregating ,So,ixki ]iouiids. Dnring his entire eareer as master, Captain .\ndei-oii 
 has never lost a man, and his ventures have always been financially snccessfi'.l. 
 
 '■Commander Ceorge .\. I,ee of the Koyal Mail Steamship I'.inpres^ 01 Jaf'an was liorn in Cotinvall, l')iigland. in 1S51. ;ni(l 
 when a hoy entered the marine service as midshipman on the /n//;; A', /('o/vvi/c;-, siihsei|nently serving in the lllack Hall liiu- to 
 .Australia and India. He was for over eight years lirst ollieer on Royal Mail steamships plying iielween Mngland and Australia :niil 
 arrived on the Coast on tlie steamship . Ihys.Mnia. willi wliich he remained until the liin/ireM was completed. lie has had spliiidiil 
 success with his elegant command and has encountered no disaster with the exceplion of a fire which broke ont in Angusl, 1 ^>)2, 
 after leaving Japan. The steamer was iinmediHtely put hack to Hakodati, and no .serious damage resulted. Commander l.ci iiul 
 his oflicers were rewarded for their prompt action with a present off 3,500, to lie divided auioug them. 
 
 Cact. Jamks r., .\.Nn|.,KS 
 
3!n 
 
 Finest Steanivrs in the iVorthwest Appear on Puget Sound Waif 
 
 379 
 
 engaged hi this traffic. The Montseiral was commanded by Capt. David Bhickbiirn, and nndcr his charge became 
 (|uite notorions. She was a remarkably strong iron vessel two hniidred and twenty feet long, thirty one feet beam, 
 and eighteen feet hold, bnilt in luigland in i.S.Si for the International Company of Lower California tocarry copper 
 (iiu from IJnsenada to the Hay City. After considerable time in this service she was sold to John Ro.senfeld and 
 
 J. I,. Howard of San Francisco, and by them chartered to Blackbnrn, 
 who handled her as a collier. He afterward .secured an interest in 
 the steamer and took her on a blackbirding expedition to the Gilbert 
 Islands. After making a few trips between those islands and Mexico 
 with coolies he again placed her in the coal trade, handling her 
 himself Knowing that she was stanclily built he invariably over- 
 loaded her, and in the terril)le storm of December, i8y4. she went to 
 the bottom somewhere off Cape Flattery, and no trace wa.i ever found 
 of vessel or crew. 
 
 The steamship IuisIidi (hri;o>i was taken to the Sound in July 
 and p'aced on the Hellingham Hay route in charge of Captain (Ireen 
 and Chief Ivngineer .Su.ton.'' She remained there until the following 
 year, when she was burned on the gridiron at Olyuipia. Other steam- 
 ships in the Northwest in ihyo were the German tramp A'niiiis, 
 Ca])tain Simonsen ; Saiila Cm-, Treddle ; Mixiro, Gage ; Midii^aii, 
 Graves; llaytian Republic, Hrown ; (ii\>n;i- (/'. I'icr, Lewis and 
 Patterson; Queen of the Pneijie. Carroll; Cily of Topeka, Wallace; 
 City ofPueblit. Debney : L'nuitilla, Holmes; steam .schooner /.ifX'wc, 
 Carter; \\'iliiiiiii;toii, .l/iee ///aiie/iani, Jeaiiie iuu' Sussex. The latter 
 vessel was the first of Frank I'pton's steamship line between the 
 Columbia River and the Orient. The Saiitu AV.w, Captain Gage, 
 made a few trips to Portland in ph ce of the O/vx'iv/, which with the 
 State of California and Columbia was running regularly on that route. 
 The .lliee lilanchani, one hundred and thirty-five feet two inches 
 long, twenty-eight feet two inches beam, and eleven feet nine inches hold, was built at Tacoma in 1890, and was 
 first commanded by Captain Coffin. .She was on the sands at Vaquina for three days in 1893, but was towed off 
 cdmparatively uninjured, and has recently been engaged between Portland and San Francisco in charge of 
 Ciiptain Dunham. The steamers Mieliii^an and Cosinopolis were running between Puget Sound and the Columbia 
 River under charter to the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company and 
 were tied up August i.st for lack of traffic. v ' ",ik,i- i. 
 
 The marine business in the Columbia River district showed no 
 such increa.se as that on the .Sound either in volume or in the number of 
 vessels launched, and none of the steamers bnilt there could compare with 
 llie splendid productions appearing on the inland sea. The Oregon City 
 Transportation Company completed the . Iltona, a hand.some little stern- 
 wheeler one hundred and twenty feet long, twenty-one feet beam, and 
 five feet two inches hold. She made her maiden trip to Oregon City, 
 June 2d, in connnand of Arthur W. Graham, ' with Horace Campbell, ' 
 engineer. She was '.ciuipped with twelve !)> forty-eight inch engines, 
 which gave her very good speed, and her cabins were superior to those of 
 
 any craft yet operated on that route, where she is still ruiniing. and ^^^^^H .^k. v IBIif!i4^ 
 
 iidlding her own in spite of the advent of the electric line. Cajit. H. H. 
 Parker of Astoria built the steamer Astoiian, one hundred and forty-two 
 feet long, twenty-six feet beam, anil four feet hold, with engines fourteen 
 l)y forty-two inches, at Portland in 1S90. .She started on the Astoria 
 
 II ! ;. 
 
 Cai't. r.KoKiiK A. Lee, R, N. R. 
 
 ^^ Samuel Sullon, eu^itu'er, \Mis horn in Delaware. On arri\al on the Coa.st 
 
 was in the etniiloy of tlie Pacitic Mail Steanisliip Ci>ni|>aii> for ahout lour \ ears. _ 
 
 ■, first woik on rn^et .Somid was t>n the 0/ymf*ian. lie was afterward on a nnniher iiohal-k Cami-heli. 
 
 ilie Oregon Railway ^t Navigation Coiii])an\''s other steamers, and was cliief on 
 : /uisteni Otef^on when she burned at OlNiupia in iSyi. When tlie flvii was sent aroinid to tlie Sound, Mr. Sutton was placed 
 
 rharjje of her en^^ines, whioli had heen working very utisatisfaetttrily. lie s<ioii sneeeeded in adjustiuj^ them so tluit they have 
 , en the owners neither Ironhle nor expense sinee, and is still chief on the steamer. 
 
 ^' Capt. .\rtliur \V. (iraham was horn in Windsor, Nova Scotia, in iSCo. lie has heen connected with the marine business 
 
 'le boyhood, sailing; in tlie .-\thintic trade, first as cabin boy, then working' his way up to the jiosititni ol' boatswain, third, sei-ond 
 
 ■I iirsl mate of sailing; vessels, and eventually receiving master's papers. On reaching Portland in i.s.sd he first joined the steamer 
 
 ili'iiii, goiiif,' from her to tlie h'a»ioiia, and has since handled all the steamers owned by the Oregon City Transportatmn Company. 
 
 ■" Horace Campbell, enj^ineer. of rortland. Or., has been cngaj^ed on rivei steamers rnnn:n>i out of Portland for fifteen yeais, 
 
 1 has also worked .is a locomotive en^jineer. He was for many years on steamers running to Lewis and Lake ri\ers, and while so 
 
 .i^ed devoted his spare moments to perfecting! improvements in confection with steamboatinv;, receiving a number of patents of 
 
 isiilerable value. He designed the machinery for the steamer Altofta and after placing it in position ran on her as engineer, anil 
 
 (••^yi designed the machinery for the Okanagan Lake steamer .Ibenleen. 
 
 \\ 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 f ; 
 
 I 
 
 4 ■ 
 
 ' \ 
 
 li 
 
 ii;!; 
 
 
 !■ t 
 
 v:\ 
 
38o 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden'a Marint history of the Paoifio Northwest 
 
 route January gth, in charge of E. P. Parker, captain, Al Church, pilot, and John Phillips, engineer, and was 
 afterward chartered by the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company and operated on the Cascade route, but was 
 too slow to be much of a success anywhere. The sternwheel stenmer Mascolte, length one hundred and thirty-two 
 feet, beam twenty-four feet, and depth of hold five feet five inches, with engines fifteen by sixty inches, was 
 constructed at Portland for the Lewis and Lake rivers trade, where she has been steadily employed since 
 completion. John Bonser was master until 1893 and was succeeded by A. W. Gray. For the past few years she 
 has been owned by Jacob Kamm. Elmore, Sanborn & Co., the Astoria cannerymen, launched the fine propeller 
 R. P. Elmore for use in connection with their business at Tillamook. She was sixty-seven feet two inches lonj;, 
 
 eighteen feet beam, and seven feet five inches hold, with engines nine 
 — ■ - -■ - and eighteen by twenty inches. Capt. James Tatton ^ has commanded 
 
 her since her construction, with the exception of a short time in iSy_^, 
 when George W. Wood handled her, and James C. Fox has been 
 engineer for the past few years. Captain Tatton took her to Alaska 
 two seasons, and she has recently been running regularly i'j the 
 passenger and freight service between Astoria and Tillamook. The 
 steam schooner W. H. Harrison was built at Alsea, Dr., by Capt. Paid 
 Schrader. She was ninety- two feet long, twenty feet one inch beam, 
 and six feet eight inches hold, with a twelve by twelve inch engine, 
 which was afterward replace-i with a compound engine eleven and 
 twenty-' wo by twelve inches. Thomas I.atham was her first master and 
 was L,t.'?ceeded by Peter Crim and Thomas Neil. She is still engaged 
 in the coasting trade. 
 
 The steamer La Camas was built at Portland, the machinery 
 and part of the house being from the Tom Morris. The C. M. Behhaw 
 was brought from San Francisco by George W. Hume, and has since 
 been in charge of Fred Lewis, Andrew Johnson and George W. Adams. 
 The Star Sand Company of Portland launched the sternwheeler 
 Enterprise, especially equipped for dredging sand from the bottom of 
 the river and loading it on barges, which she also towed. She has 
 been very successful in the work for which she was ititended and has been handled by Capt. John Randall, 
 M. W. Sprague and John Nelsoi . The steamer Edgar, sixty feet long, fourteen feet beam, and six feet hold, 
 with engines seven and fourteen by twelve inches, was built in San Francisco by tl Northwestern Lumber 
 Company in 1S90 and taken to Shoalwater Bay. J. H. Sparrow was in command \.iitil 1892, when he was 
 succeeded by A. M. Sproule. The tug Katie O'Nfil, length eighty-nine feet five inches, beam eighteen feet si.x 
 inches, depth of hold seven feet five inches, was completed at Coos Bay for service on the bar, and the propeller 
 Milton, on which Jacob Ernst, W. F. Elrod and Robert Jones have served as masters, by the California Lumber 
 Company. Other steamers set afloat at Coos Bay and vicinity in 1890 were the Citmtux, owned by P. C. Durgan 
 and subsequently by Lightner & Lockwood ; the Express, by Henry Sengstacken, commanded by W. F. Elrod ; 
 the Varro at Porter, by Captain Pendergast, E. OConnell and others ; and the sternwlieelers Alert and Dcspahh 
 at Bandon. The former is handled by George \V. Leneve and the latter by Robert J. Dunham and Robert 
 Fredericks. The propeller Mascutle was launched at Yaquina by H. G. and E. J. Burrows for local .service on the 
 bay, and the steamer Moonlight, length sixty-eight feet five inches, beam twenty-four feet, depth of hold seven 
 feet, at Siuslaw. She is at present owned by W. H. Elliot. The ferry steaiaer Alice V. was built at Salem for 
 Henry G. Hastings and the Rush at Hood River for R. O. Evans. The Harvest Queen shot the Cascades, May 
 i8th, in the presence of the largest crowd which had ever witnessed a similar feat. She made the perilous trip in 
 charge of J. W. Troup, with Peter De Huff, chief engineer, Charles Dehni and Z. A. Moody, a.ssistants, while 
 Capt. Miles Bell assisted Captain Troup in the pilot-house. She covered the first four miles of the run in fonr 
 minutes, and carried with her fully twenty passengers, among whom were Capt. E. S. Edwards, United States 
 inspector of hulls, Frank McDermott, U:iited States inspector of boilers, Peter Carstens, Capt. W. H. Whitconib, 
 Capt. Harry Baughman, Sam Lotan, C. C. Cherry and Russell Sewell. The Union Pacific, which had secured 
 control of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, was reorganized April ist, and Port Captain Troup was 
 appointed superintendent of water lines. 
 
 Sailing vessels built in the Northwest in 1890 were the schooner /. /'/. W'eat/iencax, one hundred and fon> 
 feet long, twenty-seven feet eight inches beam, eleven 'eet four inches hold, at Aberdeen ; the bark Albert, (Sj 
 tons, and the four-masted schooners Carrier Dove 707, f^ing Cyrus 702, and Spokane 639, at Port Blakely. 'I'lie 
 
 Capt. Jahks Tatton 
 
 "Capt. James Tatton was born in Maine in 1848 aiid began coasting with his father on the Atlantic when a boy, afler^aid 
 sailing to the West Indies and Kurope. He reached the Columbia River in 1877 and engaged in fishing for a few years, subse(|ueiiily 
 running small steamers in the neighborhood of Astoria. In 1S87 lie was interested with VV. E. Warren in tlie schooner Aiph,i, 
 one of the first American sealers seized by the Government. Captain Tatton was in charge of tlie schooner at the time, ami iiiur 
 the vessel bad been taken by the emissaries of the Government, which utterly failed to protect its citizens in the sealing (luestmii, 
 he made his way back to Astoria and has since been engaged on steamers running coastwise from the Columbia River, having li I'l 
 charge of the R. P. Elmore for ihe past four years, running to Alaska and Tillamook. 
 
Finest Steamers in the Northwest Appear on Paget Sound Waters 
 
 381 
 
 dimensions of the Cat rier Dove and the King Cyrus were nearly the same, the former being one hundred and 
 eighty -eight feet seven inches long, thirty-nine feet beam, and fourteen feet two inches hold, and Mie latter one 
 hundred and eighty-eight feet five inches long, thirty-eight feet four inches beam, and fourteen ftet seven inches 
 hold. The schooner Baltic was launched at Port Townsend ; the Blakcly, length one hundred and sixteen feet 
 two inches, beam twenty-four feet seven inches, depth nine feet two inches, at Port Blakely ; the Vine, length 
 one hundred and seven feet nine inches, beam thirty-one feet one inch, depth eleven feet three inches, at Gig 
 Harbor ; the Aida, length one hundred and eighty-three feet one inch, beam thirty-nine feet, depth twelve feet, 
 at present owned by G. S. Hinsdale, at Port Ludlow ; and the b.irkentine Willie R. Hume, 632 tons, length one 
 hundred and eighty-three feet one inch, beam thirty-nine feet six inches, depth fourteen feet six inches, at North 
 Bend. The British ship Tliermopyltc, which had won a world-wide reputation for her remarkable performances 
 as a tea clipper, was purchased in 1890 by Hall, Ross & Co. of \ 'gloria, and has .since been regularly engaged 
 out of that port. The ThermopyliC was built in Aberdeen in 1868 by Walter Hood & Co. She sailed to 
 Melbourne on her first trip in sixty days, afterward from Newcastle to Shanghai in twenty-eight days, which is 
 record time, from Chefoo to London in ninety-one days, which, with the exception of the Sir Launcelot's 
 ninety-day trip over the same course, is the best time yet made, and from Shanghai to London in one hundred 
 and six days. She has a record of 380 miles in a single day. A rtiic of her prowess in the golden age of clipper 
 ships, a handsome carving of a crowing cock, with a motto signifying that while she lives she crows over all, is 
 still displayed on her forward deck-house. This trophy was plactu there early in the seventies, when, with p 
 double crew of thirty-two men, she distanced all competitors in reaching London. Since entering the Victona 
 trade she has been sailed by Capt. J. R. Winchester,'' who has had her rigged as a bark, apparently without 
 altering her speed, for the old flyer i" .still noted for rattling passages. She is two hundred and ten feet long, 
 thirty-six feet beam, and twenty-one feet hold, net tonnage 947. 
 
 The Columbia River grain fleet for i8go included fifty-three vessels, while Puget Sound's grain and flour 
 sliipments numbered twenty-five cargoes. The largest vessel in the Sound fleet was the British ship Marlboro Hill, 
 2,363 tons, the smallest the British bark Cairnsmore, 878 tons. Twenty-two of the ve.ssels were over 1,000, 
 twenty over 1,200, fifteen over 1,500, nine over 1,700, and five over 2,200 tons. This fleet was insignificant 
 compared with that engaged in the lumber trade, where the shipments aggregated 430 cargoes, consisting of one 
 hundred and twenty million feet of lumber, loaded as follows: From Port Blakely 105 cargoes, Tacoma -,i. 
 Port Discovery 50, Port Ludlow 43, Port 
 Gamble 42, Port Madison 44, Port Hadlock 
 3+. Gig Harbor 25, Utsalady 16. Twenty- 
 five hundred and ninety-eight vessels passed 
 Flattery light between June 30, 1889, and 
 June 30, 1890, including 1,210 steamers, 340 
 ships, 478 barks, 529 schooners, 15 brigs and 
 24 sloops. 
 
 The long list of ves.sels which have 
 sailed to a mysterious fate received another 
 addition early in 1890. The bark Nellie May 
 started from Port Madison, January 23d, for 
 San Francisco with a cargo of lumber, and the 
 only trace which has ever been found was 
 some wreckage of one of her boats discovered 
 by the Indians on Clayoquot Sound, and her 
 name-board, which was picked up off" Cape 
 Flattery by the tug Lome, May 4th. The Nellie May was built at Newcastle, Me., in 1S67, and owned by 
 Capl. Axtel Austin and W. P. Sayward of Port Madison and E. M. Herrick of San Franci.sco. She was in 
 charge of Captain Austin, with J. D. Wilson, first mate ; C. Wright, second mate ; J. E. Perkins, Edward 
 White, G. Larson, Paul Ritters, Otto Nasch, P. Peterson, John Bowers and one other, seamen, and a cook 
 and steward, whose names are unknown. The schooner Douglas Dearborn, from San Francisco for Puget 
 Sound, was found floating bottom up off" the Columbia bar January 4th, and all of her crew are supposed to 
 i<ave dro\..ied. The schooner Rosalind ran ashore three miles north of Rogue River, February i8tli, and 
 liecame a tot.il loss. The Canadian Pacific Navigation Company's steamer Sardonyx, while en route from 
 I'ori Simpson to Skidegate, running thirteen knots an hour, .struck an unknown reef between Skidegate Harbor 
 and Rose Spit, and became a total wreck. The pas.sengers and crew reached Skidegate and were taken to 
 \'i:t()ria by tue steamer Barbara Bost07vitz. The wreck was sold to R. Hroderick for $650. The Chilean bark 
 Savona, from Valparaiso for Tacoma, went ashore four miles west of Dungeness. The American bark Alalanta, 
 
 "'Crpt. J. R. Winchester was born in Nova Scotia in 1847 and lias been eUKaged in the marine service for over thirty years, 
 lie took cl .irf;e of the famous clipper Tlieniicpyta' in i8Sg and has since sailed her in the tea trade between Japan anil racilli- Coast 
 ,H>rls. lae famous skimmer of the seas shows fully as much speed as in the days of her youth. 
 
 Ci.iiTKR Hark " Tuermoi'VI-i: ' 
 
 ill 
 
 If.' 
 
Lewis (f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Capt. Frederick Masher," from Port Gamble for San Francisco, was wrecked in a gale fifty miles off Cape 
 Flattery, December i6, 1890. Her master gives the following interesting account of her last voyage : 
 
 " We left the mill at Port Gamble, in tow of the tug Tyre, December 8th, All went well until I put sail on off Flattery ; llie 
 vessel then began making water, but, being lumber-laden, I did not tliink it worth while to go back. We got down as far as ttie 
 mouth of the Coluinb)a, and the wind shifted from northwest to southwest, with snow squalls, and it was then that the forty ytars 
 that the Alalanla had been afloat told on her with fearful efTect. The sails all blew away on the night of the thirteenth, and'stinn 
 after the heavy deck load of eighty-foot timbers broke adrift, and on the morning of the fourteenth the fore and main mast went by the 
 board, the foremast smashing the long-boat, destroying our means of leaving the ship. The seas were washing over us fore anil .ift 
 at that time, and, at we had been many hours without food, I went to what was left of our cabin and found a cau ol tomatoes and (mi- 
 of peaches. From these each man was given a mouthful to relieve his thirst. About noon of the fourteenth tlie vessel conmienceil to 
 break up, and about 3:00 p. m. she parted just abaft the main hatch, leaving fourteen of us on the after-house, with nothing to eal nx 
 drink, the two cans having been lost in the excitement. Niglit began to set in, and a night in the month of December off Vancouver 
 Islaud is a long one, even when one is comfortably situated. The mizzenniast went shortly after daylight and took nearlv one-li.ilf 
 of our limited raft. Through all that day and the next night the sea was making a clean breach over us, but on the morning of the 
 sixteenth we sighted laud, which was a relief even though it was far away. The steward, John W. Wilhurn, became temporari'iv 
 insane at noon on the sixteenth, the first officer's leg was broken, and all hands were inclined to feel desponilent. We had fully 
 made up our minds that we would either be dead or ashore before morning, as we were all very badly chilled. The sailors exchanged 
 addresses in case any should get ashore, and in this way we passed the longest night I have ever experienced When morning 
 came we were still afloat, but few of the men could speak on account of thirst and cohl. Tlie rudder had become jammed with a lot 
 of the deck load, forming quite a raft, and, as our house was breaking off piece by piec», John Anderson, the second mate, and four 
 men went to it so as to make room for us on the house. They had hardly crawled on the timber before it parted from the rest of the 
 wreckage, and we drifted away from each other at 8;oo A. M., aiul by a singular coincidence we both came together again at 5;ix) 
 p. M. in an eddy that sent us directly on shore, aiul we landed within two hundred yards of each other in Clayocjuot Sound, having 
 drifted 170 miles on the raft in four days and four nights, in the month of December, without losing a life. The Indians were very 
 kind to us, and we were taken to Victoria by the sealing schooner k'nlherine." 
 
 The Atalanta was built at Araesbury, Mass., in 1851, was for a number of years in the pas.senger trade to 
 lyiverpool, afterward sailed in the cotton trade to Mobile, Savannah and New Orleans, and was then bought by 
 
 Pope & Talbot and brought to the 
 Pacific Coast, July 22d. The wreck 
 was sold to R. W. De Lion and 
 F. A. Bartlett for $1,410. The pilot 
 schooner Governor Moody, in charge 
 of Capt. Peter C. Cordiner, '" with a 
 crew of four men, was wrecked at 
 North He,' d, near tlie mouth of the 
 Columbia, September 20th. She 
 drifted in during thick weather at 
 4:15 A. M. and was nearly in the 
 breakers before the danger was 
 discovered. There was not wind 
 enough to get off shore, and a 
 heavy sea soon battered her to 
 pieces against the rocks, which the 
 captain and crew reached from tlie 
 mast. The life-saving crew at Fort 
 Canby afterward succeeded in saving 
 portions of her rigging. The Governor Moody's place on the Columbia bar was taken by the schooner Sati Josi'. 
 which P. W. Weeks, the pilot commissioner, purcha.sed in San Franei.sco. The schooner Gratitrer, from Rodie 
 Harbor for Seattle with eight hundred barrels of lime, burned in the straits April 15th, Captain Melander and tlie 
 crew of three men escaping in a small boat and landing at Point Wilson. The Ferndale, from San Juan for I'ort 
 Townsend in command of her owner, Capt. A. O. Benjamin, burned in Richardson Bay, Lopez Island, December 
 15 h. On leaving San Juan the steamer encountered a very heavy sea, to escape which she turned liack. Shortly 
 afterward an I'.t'.usually heavy swell struck her and broke the guys of the smokestack, which went adrift, setting 
 fire to the steamer, and liefore the flames could be extinguished her steam pipe broke, and she drifted helple.ssly 
 on the south side of Lopez Island. Her cargo, consistini.; of five hundred barrels of lime, caught fire, and tlie 
 vessel was soon consumed. Her anchors were let go before the lime was ignited, but failed to hold. The total 
 loss of vessel and cargo w.is about thirty thousand dollars, with an insurance of nearly thirteen thou.sand dollars 
 on the steamer. The twenty-one persons on board narrowly escaped a horrible death. 
 
 The Norwegian ship Slraiin, from Port Discovery for Melbourne, with one million feet of lumber, was 
 abandoned off the Oregon coast in December in a water-logged condition. The crew were rescued bj' the British 
 bark Tamer. The vessel was subsequently picked up by the steamer Scotia, which attempted to tow her 
 into port, but was obliged to let her go off Nestucca after rescuing a dog which had been left behind by the crew. 
 
 ^4S^^* 
 
 Stfamer "Lvtton" 
 
 ™Capt. Frederick Masher was born in Connecticut in 1856 and has 'wen filing in the deep-water trade for over twenty 
 years. He commenced on the Pacific Coast in i.SSH with the bark .'Itlanta, which he left on V.iucouver Island in 1890. He is at 
 present in command of the //, P. Clieuiy. 
 
 ™Capt. Peter C. Cordiner of Astoria, Or, was l)orn at Cape Dreton in 1856, commenced going to sea at the age of seventeen, 
 and went to Puget Sound in 1883 on the sliip Ivy, with which he sailed in the lumber trade for about six years^ going to Astmia 
 with her as master in 1H89, He left her to join the pilot schooner Governor Moody as boalkeeper, when she was lost entered llie 
 tugboat service, and about three years ago was appointed bar pilot. 
 
Finest Steamers in tl)e Northwest Appear on Puget Sound Waters 
 
 383 
 
 The Straun drifted ashore a few days later, and the settlers along the beach in that vicinity built new houses 
 witli her cargo. The schooner Dare, Capt. F. A. Berry, foundered on Bonilla Point, near Vancouver Island, 
 pfceniber 23d, during a thick fog, and was soon beaten to pieces by the heavy sea, the crew reaching shore in 
 safety. The steamer Oiler was in collision with the Hassalo, February 17th, near Des Moines, and received 
 injuries which ended her existence. The steamship Cosmopolis went ashore at Bella Bella in May while en route 
 fiDin Port Townsend to Wrangel Island with coal. The Dispatch, formerly owned by the United States 
 Government, was blown ashore and wrecked in Seymour Channel, January 22d, while towing a raft. She was 
 in ciiarge of her owner, Capt. P. Pierce, with Edward Thornton, engineer. The steamer Despatch, belonging to 
 Capt. Henry Mortjan, bur.ied at the dock at Seattle, May 22d. The Willamette River steamer Isabel .sank at the 
 wharf at Sellwood, January 22d, while laden with eight thousand bricks, and when the tide went out it left 
 her on the rocks, which injured her to such an extent that she was never repaired. The steamer/. Ordway burned 
 to the water's edge at Weidler's Mills in Portland, January 8th, and the loss was about five thousand dollars. 
 She was afterward rebuilt. The sloop Augusta capsized off Port Angeles, October 2d, drowning her owner, Olof 
 Anderson. The old-time steamship Ajax was lo.st off the California coast, September i8th, her passengers 
 landing in safety at Shelter Cove. The Victoria steamer Badger was wrecked on James Island, December i6th, 
 and sold by the underwriters to the owners for $150. She was subsequently raised, brought to Victoria and 
 repaired. The steamship Michigan caught fire at sea November ist, and after a fast run of seventy miles reached 
 Astoria, where the fire was extinguished by the Astoria Fire Department. The loss was about ten thousand 
 dollars, as her salmon cargo was badly damaged. She was in charge of Graves, captain, Adams, chief engineer, 
 and F. M. Bucklin, purser. 
 
 Among the prominent marine men passing away in 1890 were Capt. A. F. Hedges, who purchased the 
 machinery for the first steamer on the upper Willamette and was for many years interested in steamboating on 
 the river, at Yakima, March 6th, aged seventy-three years ; Capt. Allan Noyes, of the Garibaldi and Alden Rcsse, 
 at Portland, January 7th ; and David Pardun, the well known engineer, drowned on the Sound, October 20th, 
 from the steamer State of Washington. 
 
 Royal Mail stkamsiiip "K-MfRBHS of China' 
 
 i H 
 
chai'ti<:r XIX. 
 
 Columbia Rivhr & Puget Soi'nd Navigatton Company — 1'uokt .Soind Ti'gboat Company — Tin; 
 
 WllALEIlACK "C. W. WKTMORK " — ;.:" !AMKRS "VICTORIAN" AND " Fl.YKR " ^ DAI.I.KS, PORTLAND 
 
 & Astoria Navigation Company— Ini.anu Steamers " Coi.i'mhia," "Norma" ani> "Spokank" 
 — Canadian Pacific Railway's Royal Mail Steamship Link — British Steamers "Comox " 
 "Capilano" and " Caledonia " — The "Kmhlkton's" Long Passage — Wreck ok the Stkamsiiip 
 "San Pedro" — Boiler ICxplosion on the " Ivvangei. " — British Ship "Strathhlane " Wkkckkd 
 ON North Bkach— Numerous Disasters on Sound, River and Ocean — The Oregon Railway 
 & Navigation Company Withdraws From Puget Sound — Steam and Sailing Vessels on the 
 Inland Sea — The " B. P. Weare" on the Yukon River — The C<kur d'Alenk Stkamkr 
 " Georgik Cakes" — Kootenai Steamers "Annkrly" and "State ok Idaho" — Steamers 
 "Sarah Dixon," " Ramona," " Hattie Belle" and " Chii.kat "—First Lu'.htship on Pacific 
 Coast — Dominion Steamship "(Juadra" — Oriental Steamship Lines — Wreck ok thi; 
 " Ferndale," " Friccson," "C. W. Wetmore" and Other Vessels — Collision ok the 
 "Premier" and "Willamette." 
 
 jURING THE VKAR 1891 several very important steamboat enterprises were organi/cd 
 on Puget Sound. Tlie Columbia River & Puget Sound Navigation Company was 
 incorporated in February, with U. B. .Scott, president ; John Leary, vice-president ; L. li. 
 Seeley, second vice-president ; E. W. Creighton, .secretary and treasurer ; E. A. vSetley 
 and Z.J. Hatch. The new company absorbed the steamers liailcy Gatzert, I'lectuvodawiX 
 Tfle/>honc, built the new steamer Flyer, and are still operating them. Hatch's interest 
 was purchased by the other members of the company shortly after organization. 
 The liailcy (.iaizcrt was sent around to the Columbia and is at present alternating with 
 the '/'elephonc on the Astoriu route. The company is al.so handling the sidcwliecler 
 Ocean //'rtji*' under a lease from the Ilwaco Railway & Navigation Company, giving 
 them an equipment .second to that of no 
 other steamboat company in the North- 
 west. Their Puget .Sound business is 
 handled by the steamers Fleet-wood and 
 Flyer, the latter being the fastest propel- 
 ler ever constructed in the Northwest. 
 Her keel was laid in Portland, March 
 31st, and she left for the Sound, Novem- 
 ber 13th, in charge of Graves, captain ; 
 Thomas Neill, pilot ; Thomas Devlin, 
 jhief engineer ; A. J. Taylor, purser ; 
 George Murray, steward. Capt. Harry 
 : 'lUve was first in command after she 
 reached Seattle and handled her on the 
 Seattle and Tacoina route. He was suc- 
 ceeded by Capt. John Jordi.son, who has 
 since remained in command, with Samuel 
 Sutton, chief engineer ; Thomas Short, 
 first assistant; Henry Carter, pilot ; A. J. 
 Taylor, purser. The entire upper works of tlie .steamer were destroyed by fire in 1892, but she was rebuilt with 
 larger and finer cabins and was again on the route in June, 1892. Her record since that time is rather a 
 
 STKAMKK ■' I'l.YKR ■ 
 
Retirement of the Oregon Railway cj Savigatinn Company from Paget Sound 
 
 385 
 
 
 ''1 
 
 m 
 
 R'inarkable one. .She has \xen almost continually making four round trips a day between Seattle and Tacoma, 
 Covering the distance of twenty-eight miles in less than an hour and a half arriving and departing on a lime 
 sclicdule with the regularity of a railroad train. Her [lerforniances offer a high testimonial to the skill of those in 
 eliarge, and neither storm nor fog have ever delayed the steamer more than a few moments. The Flyer is one 
 lumdred and seventy feet long, twenty-one feet beam, with engines twenty-one, thirty and fifty-four by thirty inches. 
 
 The Puget Sound Tugboat Company commenced operations June ist, with the Tacoma Mill Company, 
 Piii,'et Sound Commercial Company, Port Hlakely Mill Company and Washington Mill Company as stockholders. 
 Tlifse corporations were given stock based on the valuation of tlie tugs as follows : Puget Sound Commercial 
 Company, Tyfe, 5^70,000 ; Port Hlakely Mill Company, Wanderer, $66,ckx) ; Kendrick iS: Adams, Riehard 
 11,'lvokr, $35.<>"f> ; Tacoma Mill Company, Tacoma. ^(4,^000. K. P. Hlake was elected president : Cyrus Walker, 
 vice-president ; Iv G. Ames, .secretary ; W. I)e Witt, treasurer ; and J. H. Libby, manager. The Seattle & 
 Tacoma Navigation Com])any was incorporated October 3tst by Henry Carstens, Claud Troup and Frank W. 
 ("loodhue,' and purchased the steamer Gnyhoutid from Capt. Claud Troup. Business on the Bellingham Bay 
 route reached high-water mark in iHgi, during which year nearly a dozen of the best steamers on the Sound 
 were running to the new towns on the bay. Among the best known in tliis trade were the Fairliaveii, Slate of 
 U'iis/iiii_t,'-/0,/_ Cily of Seattle, hlmma //ayicard, l^reiiiier, Seliome. Eliva Anderson, It'aseo, //as.uilo, W. A'. A/ern'in 
 anil /uistern ()reifon. The latter vessel was placed on the V'ancouver route in November, alternating with the 
 Premier, and burned on the gridiron at Olympia, December ist, Charles Ncitchwartz losing his life. 
 
 Soon after the retirement of Captain Troup from the superintendency of the water lines of the ITnion 
 Pacific, Capt. Edward J. Rathbone' was placed in charge of the company's interests on the Sound. Kvery large 
 steamer in that vicinity was tied up for .several days in 1891 as a result of a misunderstanding between the 
 cii),'iiieering and navigating departments of the Olympian. Henry F. Smith, first assistant engineer, l)ecame 
 involved in a quarrel with a deckhand .soon after leaving Victoria, October 20th. The trouble connuenced by the 
 deckhand starting a pump used for washing decks, and in a short 
 
 time a general row ensued, tlic engineers and firemen taking one side, " 
 
 and the mates and deckhands the other. Captain McAlpine came 
 down from the pilot-house, quieted Mr. Smith with the aid of a 
 revolver, and the disturbance ended. At Seattle half of the crew- 
 walked ashore, McAlpine remaining there awaiting an investigation. 
 The official records give the following account of the difficulty : 
 "Shortly after leaving port, trouble occurred between Henry F. 
 Smith, first a.ssistant engineer, and the deckboys, which nearly 
 resulted in a mutiny. All the officers became involved in the trouble, 
 and Mr. Smith at one time had, in a manner, charge of the ship. 
 Tills case was carefully investigated and a decision rendered October 
 29, 1891, resulting in the suspension of the license of A. N. McAlpine, 
 master, for thirty days for negligence and inattention to duty (.section 
 4,?;,9. United States Revised Statutes). Chief Kngineer H, C. Lawson's 
 was suspended thirty days for negligence (section 4441 ), James Hums, 
 mate, suspended thirty days for misbehavior (.section 4440), and F. W. 
 Patterson, second a.ssistant engineer, was suspended thirty days for 
 misbehavior and inattention to duty (section 4441). The licen.se of 
 Henry V. Smith, first assistant engineer, who was the cau.se of the 
 troulile, was revoked for misbehavior and insubordination (sections 
 4441 and 4450)." This settled the niatlcr until McAlpine's furlough 
 ex])iied. He then took charge of the Seliome, but Smith in the 
 meantime had induced the Marine Engineers' Association to take up 
 his side of the controversy, and the engineers on the Seliome immediately quit work, and, at a .special meeting of 
 tlicir order, decided that no member should serve on a boat commanded by Captain McAlpine. The American 
 
 Capt. Hdwaru ,|. Kathmo.nk 
 
 ' Frank W. Goodhue was l)orii in Walla Walla, Wash , in i,S6i, and at the a^e of fifteen wa.s running as purser of the Caribim 
 aftii My, !)elween Victoria, Nanainio and Coinox, ami was also on the Maude on the same route. In 1S77 he was on the Willaiiielte 
 slfaniers Occident and Champion and afterward on tile steamers John (,'ales. /lanes/ Queen and Mountain Oueen. lie retired from 
 ste;unhoatiiig iu 1S7S and subseciuently tilled a miinber of political olfices at Walla Walla, then going to Seattle, where he was 
 manager and cashier of the Security Savings Hank. Goodhue afterward hecaine interested with Capt. Claud Troup in the steamer 
 ('levhonnd and is now secretary of the company running her. 
 
 •Capt. Edward J. Rathbone was horn in Wans.iu, Wis., in 1862, and came to the Pacific Coast when a boy. His first 
 sieaniboating was on the steamer Traveler, niiining from Portland to the Cascades. He ran for several years on that route in 
 viiri.ius capacities on difTerent steamers, and left there to go as purser on the .Astoria route. When Captain Troup was appointed 
 ''iiIH-rintendent of the water lines of tlie I'liion Tacific, he selected Captain Rathbone as his assistant, and on his resignation 
 Rallibone was ap|)ointed superintendent of the Sound division of the company's lines. He held that position until the company 
 withdrew from the Sound Imsiness, and then, in company with some Pnget Sound steamboatinen, leased the Oregon Railway & 
 Navigation Company's Sound steamers and carried the mail on the Whatcom route, afterward transferring the business to the 
 I'arific Steam Navigation Company. Captain Rathbone then acted as agent for the steamer Sif^nal. running between Portland and 
 the Sound, until Mr. McNeill was appointed receiver of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, when he was selected to fill the 
 posiiioii of port captain as the successor of Capt. II. I'". I'egram. 
 
 til; 
 
 1'i 
 
 ;«■: 
 
 Si- 
 
386 
 
 Z.et^/3 cj Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Brotherhood of Steamboat Tilots iminetliately adopted McAlpiiie's cause, and, at a special meeting (if Hailmr 
 No. i6, at Seattle, resolved to uphold him, and agreed not to work on a steamboat where an association engine ur 
 was employed until the boycott was raised. Hoth parties remained firm for several days, with honors al)out vwu, 
 A steamer would occasionally get awny with a lirotherhood captain and a non-union engineer, or an associalinn 
 engineer with a non-union captain. Committees from both organizations labored earnestly to effect a .seltleiiKiu, 
 in which they were finally successful, not, iiowever, until the unfortunate occurrence had aroused a public sentinniit 
 which was far from favorable to either order. 
 
 In 1891 a new style of marine craft steamed into the waters of the Pacific Northwest. The late arrival was 
 one of the famous whalebacks, the (". /('. W'llmotc, built in the interior of Wisconsin, hundreds of miles from salt 
 water. This homely appearing craft made her way through the lakes and locks until she reached the sea, and 
 then carried a cargo of nearly one hundred thousand bushels of wheat across the Atlantic to Liverpool. On her 
 return .she wiis loaded with material with which to construct other steamers of a similar type, and started on a long 
 journey around the Horn in charge of Joseph Hastings, captain ; Robert ,S. Blauvelt,' chief engineer ; and J. J. 
 Chisholm,' first a.s.sistant. The (". /('. W'elmorc was two hundred and sixty-five feet long, thirty-eight feet luain, 
 and twenty-four feet hold, net tonnage 1,075. with a dead-weight capacity of 3,000 tons. Her engines were 
 twenty-six and fifty by forty-two inches, and she had two Scotch boilers eleven feet six inches in diameter 
 
 and length. Below the water the 
 ll'c/more's lines were not greatly at 
 variance with tho.se of ordinary sea- 
 going ve.s.sels, but the small portion 
 of the craft that was visible above 
 bore a striking re.semblance to the 
 object from which she derived her 
 name, a whale's back. Whatever the 
 good points of this radical departure 
 might be, the C". (K (((/wiw demon- 
 strated that few, if any, more unlucky 
 vessels have ever appeared in the 
 Northwest. She made a good start 
 from the East, splashed her way 
 through the "roaring forties," and 
 was undisturbed by the death-dealing 
 blasts which have their headquarters 
 off Cape Horn, but before she reached her destination trouble began. Her rudder was lost off the California 
 coast, and for a long time she drifted around almost unmanageable, and was finally picked up off the mnutli 
 of the Columbia by the British steamship Xambcsi, which started to tow her into the river. The hawser parted 
 before they got in, and the whaleback had a decidedly narrow escape from the breakers before another could lie 
 got aboard. Bar pilot George W. Wood =i' left the Zambesi and went to the Wetmorc, and the steamer then 
 succeeded in getting her into anchorage at Astoria. The Zambesi was awarded nearly fifty thousand dollars for 
 her .services. The damaged rudder was repaired, and the W'ctmorc continued her journey, reaching the new- 
 town of Everett with her cargo in very good condition. She was at once placed in the coal trade and made 
 few trips without running aground, crashing into a wharf, or colliding with some other craft. Her cargo .shifted 
 on the first voyage to vSan Francisco, and about every conceivable accident which could ijefall a steamer cinie 
 her way, the grand A"'"''' occurring September 8, 1S92, less than a year after her arrival. Capt. Joseph Hastings, 
 
 'Robert S, lilauvclt, engineer, was liorii in Mii-liiKan in 1H65 anil coniniunccd his marine career on tlie Great I<ake.s. Hi' was 
 chief on the first whaleback steamer, the Colgate Uoyl. K"inK froin her Ui i\\e Joseph I.. Colby, with which he went thronKh llic .Si. 
 Lawrence Kiver and ran between Boston, Hajtiinore and New York. He then retnrned to the Lakes and joined the C. II'. Il'eliiiine. 
 witli which he went from nnhith to I-liiHland and Ihence to Ihe I'acific Coast, leaving her at Kverelt iu March, KS92, and goiiifj hack 
 to the Lakes, where lie was engineer for the .\merican ,Sluel Ilar^e Company, snperintending the e<|uipinent of five wlialciiaok 
 steamers, and in 1S93 and iSgi rnnniiiK as chief of the Cliiislo/ilier ('()/«;;;/)«.(, between Milwankee anil Chicago, lie came to llic 
 Pacific Coast again in 1.S9.1 and placed the electric plant and machinery in the Cily of Freiell, with which he ran as cliief etiKiiiter. 
 
 'J. J. Chisholm, engineer, was born in New York City in 1S62 and commenced his marine service at that place after servniK 
 an apprenticeship at the shiplinildiiiK works of Jolni Roach in riiil.ailelphia. In the employ of the Morgan and oilier stcaiiKliip 
 lines he rose to the position of cliief engineer, and came to the I'acific Coast in 1S92 as first assistant on the whaleback ( )('. 
 U'eliHore, of which he was afterward appointed cliief, holding that iiositioii until she was wrecked. He then entered the works al 
 Kverelt as foreman, and, when the new whaleb.ick OVv 0/ Hveiell ajipeared, served on her as first assistant. 
 
 * Capt. Ceorge \V. Wood is one of the best known of the Colnnibia bar pilots, having served on nearly every pilot .schonncr 
 since Captain I-'lavel's old Cali/oriiin. He w.is for many years master of an American ship before coiiiinK to the Colmnbia, and liis 
 thorough knowledge of seamanship especially fitted hiin'for the danKerons work at the mouth of that river. He was master and 
 inanagin); owner of the schooner /. C. Cousins when that vessel gave the Klavel monopoly the hardest opposition it i yer 
 encountered. When the Cousins made her la.sl myslerions cruise. Captain Wood and I). H. Welch secured the Cily 0/ Napa, wliicli 
 was operated on the bar as a pilot boat until the appearance of the Oregon State .schooner Covcrnor flfoody. Captain Wood 
 remained with Ihe latter vessel lUiriiiK her entire career, and when she was battered to pieces on North Head he continued pilniiiij; 
 in the service of the Oregon Railway S: Navigation Coinpanv. While so engaged he was detailed to go to .Sail I'raiicisco on the 
 steamer .llnsi-an with Captain Howes. His terrible experience on that trip has been told iu detail in Chapter XYIII. After 
 recovering from the effects of that disaster he returned lo the bar service, from which he resigned a few years ago, and served liira 
 short time as master of the ste inier A'. /'. iilmore and as first ollicer on the steamship deorse W. Jililer. 
 
 WlIALEIIACK StRAMRR " C. W. WbTMORR' 
 
Retirement of the Oregon Railway cf Navigation Company from Puyct Sound 
 
 3H7 
 
 SlKAMKK "\'ICT0K1AN' 
 
 who brought tlie ste.imer out, was replaced by Capl. John O'Brien, ami while 01 roiilf from Tacoiua to San 
 I'l.iiicisco she went ashore in a thick fog .September ,Sth on the North Spit, near Coos Hay bur. Distress signals 
 wi're blown as soon as she struck, but, owing to the fog, over twenty-four hours elapsed before assistance reached 
 liiT, and, as she was lying parallel witli the beach, the sea >y this time had lodged her firmly. The crew were 
 tal<en off on the ninth with the exception of Captain O'Hrien and a watchman, who left her the following day. 
 U'Brieu went aboard .several times 
 afterward, thinking he could lighter 
 the vessel and po.ssibly releaf*; her. 
 Owing to her peculiar constiuction 
 slie remained intact for many months. 
 The Oregon Railway & Navi- 
 Kation Company ' s new steamer 
 I'ictorian was built at Portland under 
 llie supervision of Capt. James \V. 
 Troup, making her trial trip June i6th 
 ill his commana, with Henry I'ape, 
 chief engineer. She was used on one 
 excursion on the Columbia and then 
 seat to Puget Sound, going round in 
 charge of Captains Troup and Anger- 
 .slein, Madison Welch, chief engineer, 
 P. M. Bucklin, purser, Charles I'etrie, 
 steward, and was placed on the Vic- 
 toria route. Captain Anderson handling her. The big crowds that had made steaniboatiiig so profitable a few 
 years before had vanished, the steamer proved too expensive for the trade, and was .sent back to the Columbia in 
 1.S92. The Victorian is two hundred and forty-three feet long, thirty-.six feet beam, and fifteen feet hold, with 
 triple compound engines large enough for an ocean steamship. The steamer's immense power and fine model 
 gave her great siieed, and her cabin finishing and ecpiipments were the finest of any boat in the Northwest. .After 
 riiiining a short time her builder realized that some slight changes were necessary in order to projjtrly utilize her 
 power, and she was laid up pending these improvements. The affairs of the Oregon Railway & Navigation 
 Company were in very bad shape at this time, and, before they were straightened out, Troup was succeeded by 
 Capl. B. F. Pegram, who made no attempt to get the Victorian in shape for service. 
 
 The Ilwaco Railway & Navigation Company constructed the 
 sidewheel steamer Ocean Wave at Portland in i.Sgi for the seaside trade 
 between that city and Ilwaco. The Wave was one hundred and eighty 
 feet long, twenty-nine feet beam, and nine feet hold, with engines 
 eighteen by eighty-four inches. She was built under the supervision of 
 Jacob Kamm, and, like all of his steamers, had a perfect model, but 
 unfortunately her power was so small that .she was rather slow. .She 
 has been handled on the Ilwaco route by Capt. Charles T. Kamm, with 
 Joseph Hayes, chief engineer. Several years had elapsed since any 
 attempt at opposition to the Oregon Railway 6c Navigation Company 
 had been made on the river between Portland and The Dalles, but in 
 1.S91 The Dalles, Portland eS: Astoria Navigation Company was organ- 
 ized and launched two fine sternwheel steamers. The Kej^'/i/a/or for the 
 middle river was .set afioat at The Dalles and was one hundred and 
 fifty-two feet long, twenty-eight feet beam, and six feet hold, with 
 engines sixteen by .seventy-two inches. Capt. Fred Wihson was first 
 in command and was succeeded by John McNulty. Capt. Fred Sherman 
 handled her for the next two years, with Alfred McCully, engineer, 
 giving place in 1X94 to Capt. W. P. Short. VVic Jhillcs Cily, on the 
 Portland end of the line, was built at that place, and is one hundred and 
 forty-two feet long, twenty-six feet five inches beam, and six feet hold, 
 with engines fourteen by sixty inches. Capt. vShermau V. Short and Chief Kngineer James Oilbreath' were in 
 charge of the steamer for the first three years of her existence, and for the past year Capt. William Johii.son has 
 had command. The steamers have been very successful, as, under the change of management of the Oregon 
 Railway & Navigation Company's water lines, all of their steamers were withdrawn from the middle river. 
 
 ■''James OilI>reath, eu^int^t-'r, was horn in Ohio in 186;) atn! coiiiineiu'cd his itiarhiu work on tlie CoIutnt>ia River in iSS^^ as 
 firiinan on the steamer Cctietot Miles, Koing from her lo th** luiitli. lie was afterward sei'onii engineer on the Wofidcr and hel<l a 
 similar position on the Telephone for nearly three vears. He li.is also served as second cnj;ineeron the /^. .V. lUiker, I'ltniiie and 
 A'. ' ■•(((, a rl as chief of the steamers M,iii:aiiil!o, I'liuiiit ,.,,,I /A;//.;.i Cily, remaining «illi the latter \essel foi over three years. 
 
 JAMKS CtII.H«i:A ri[ 
 
 ii' 
 
 ■\j 
 
388 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Paoifio Northwest 
 
 i 
 
 ALFKRIi McCn.I.Y 
 
 The sternwheeler Ehfood was built at Portland in 1891 for Abernethy & Co., who placed her in tlie 
 Willamette trade in charRe of Capt. J. L. Smith, who was succeeded by R. Young, and subsequently by Jaims 
 I<ee, who has handled her for tlie past three years. In 1894 she was purchased by the I^ewis River Transportaiinn 
 Company and took the place of the Mascott in that service. The lihvood is one hundred and fifty feet lonij, tliiiiy 
 
 feet beam, and four feet hold, with engines twelve by seventytuo 
 inches. The Woodland Navigation Company constructed the small 
 steamer Egalile, length seventy-six feet, beam twenty feet, depth oi' 
 hold four feet, to run to the headwaters of Lewis and Lake rivers. Sliu 
 was afterward purchased by Jacob Kainni. Capt. Fred (i. Lewis and 
 other parties living on the Cowlitz River built the sternwheeler Mi-sun- 
 jfcr, length .seventy feet, beam sixteen feet, depth of hold three kit, 
 with engines seven and one-quarter by twenty-four inches, for ilie 
 Cowlitz trade. Ham, Nickurn & Co. added the //iis/Ur, length one 
 hundred and two feet, beam twenty-one feet, depth of hold six fwt, 
 with engines twelve by thirty-six inches, to their towing fleet. Thomas 
 Campbell has been master since her completion. The Columbia & 
 Kootenai Steam Navigation Company in 1891 launched the Columbia, 
 the fine.st sternwheeler ever constructed so far inland, naming her for 
 the stream on which she was engaged. She was one hundred and 
 fifty-two feet six inches long, thirty-eight feet beam, and six feet thai' 
 inches hold, with engines eighteen by se\ ,.iity-two inches. an<l ran 
 between Northport and Revelstoke until September, 1894, when she 
 was destroyed by fire near the boundary line. Capt. John C. Gore was 
 in command for over three years, and Fred Bell was chief engimcr 
 when she burned. The Shoshone, completed near the headwaters of 
 Snake River in 1866, had a successor twenty-five years later, when Jacob Kamm and J. 1). Miller built thi> 
 steamer A'orma at Huntington, expecting to handle an extensive business in transporting the crowds of miners 
 then going into the Seven Devils' country. The Norma' s experience was similar to that of the Shoshone, and she 
 never earned a dollar while there. In May, 1895, Capt. W. P. Gray brought her through tG^.,ewiston in safety, 
 . "id she will probably prove profitable in her new field. She has large carrying capacity on a light draught, and 
 is equipped with engines sixteen by eighty-four inches. The sternwheel steamer Spokane was constructed on the 
 Kootenai River in 1891 by G. R. Gray, a railroad contractor, and was afterward .secured by the Columbia iS: 
 Kootenai Navigation Company, continuing in their .service until 1895, when she was destroyed by fire at Kaslo. 
 She had recently been com- 
 manded by Captains Hay- 
 wa.d and McMorris." 
 
 Several very fine 
 propellers were launched on 
 the Columbia in i8gi, the 
 most pretentious being the 
 Willapa, which was the 
 General Miles lengthened and 
 rebuilt, length one hundred 
 and thirty-six feet, beam 
 twenty feet, depth of hold 
 ten feet, with engines sixteen 
 and thirty-two by tliirty-two 
 inches. The Irahla, com- 
 pleted at Portland for W. vS. 
 Newsom, was ninety feet 
 long, thirteen feet beam, six 
 feet six inches hold, with 
 engines eight, thirteen and 
 twenty by twelve inches, and was a very fast steamer. Capt. Krnest W. Spencer built the Cricket at Portland. 
 She was ninety feet long, twelve feet beam, and five feet five inches hold, with engines five and one-half, eii;lit 
 and one-half and thirteen by eight inches, and, like the Iralda, was quite speedy. Finding no profitable route 
 for her on the Columbia, Spencer sent her to the Sound, where she was purchased by S. S. NefF, who failed to 
 
 
 m 
 
 ^BHBIB^^PBipBBBB^^PyrtgWBBRrBl^"^^^^^^ ww^SPHW| 
 
 emw^ ■ 
 
 
 'l^L 
 
 y 
 
 STKAMKK '■ REllfLATOK ■■ 
 
 "Capt. I). A. McMorris has lieeii eiiKaxe 1 in steamboatinj; in Uritisli Columl>in waters for the past five years. When i|iiile 
 young lie followed the water in the eastern provinces of Canada, afterward abandoning it for the newspaper l)nsiness, in whid; li^* 
 eugHgeil at Kaniloops, H C, (or a short time after i .Miiin)» West. Hailiii); health compelled him to return to the " "ter, and, after 
 working for a short lime •■•• . ake Kaniloops, he entered the employ of the Columbia & Kootenai Steam Navi,.;al on Coiii('""y, 
 serving with them as master ami pilo! on their steamers on Kootenai Lake and River and on the upper Columbia. 
 
Retirement of the Oregon Railway cf Navigation Company from Ptigct Sound 
 
 3«9 
 
 t^TBAMKH " K. MILKK" 
 
 iiicLt his payments, iiiul the steamer was ogain liold to Everett people, finally passing into the hands of Capt. 
 i;. M. Harrington. Charles Sperry has had charge of her engines most of the time since she has been on the 
 Simiul. The steamer SNomi, constrncted at Chinook in iHijo for U. A. Seaborg, was purchased by the Ilwaco 
 Uiilway & Navigation Company in 1S91 and renamed the //jiaco. She was at once substituted for the (iiiieial 
 ( ,iii/iy on the Ilwaco route, where she has since renmined, in charge of Captains William Starr and Thomas 
 I'arker and Ungineer Charles Smith. The /htiuv is ninety feet long, seventeen feet beam, and six feet hold, 
 
 with engines sixteen by sixteen inches. 
 
 Capt. J. VV. Habbidge, a well known steam- 
 boatman and river pilot, built a handsome little 
 propeller, the A*. Miler, length sixty-eight feet three 
 inches, beam seventeen feet, and depth of hold six feet, 
 with engines twelve by fourteen inches, at Astoria for 
 the Westport route. Captain Bal)bidge has remained 
 in command of the steamer since her completion, with 
 Daniel Overton, engineer. Capt. John I'ickernell 
 removed the engines from the Rival wwA placed them 
 in the Mayjio-cer, completed at Astoria by Joseph 
 Leathers. The new steamer was sixty-five feet long, 
 seventeen feet four inches beam, and six feet hold, 
 with ten by twelve inch engines. The Aberdeen 
 Packing Company launched the steamer Dispatch, 
 length fifty-two feet, beam thirteen feet eight inches, and depth of hold six feet one inch, for u.se in connection 
 with their cannery. Dennis Curran and John Nelson, custom-house boatmen at Astoria, built the handsome steam 
 launch Oaidenl, at present owned by M. J. Kinney. At Bandon, Or., the coasting steamship Homer, length one 
 luuulred ai\d forty-six feet, beam thirty-three feet eight inches, and depth of hold seventeen feet, was set afloat. 
 Ill the few years since her construction she has been operated on nearly every northern route out of San Francisco, 
 and has recently been running to Yaquina in charge of Captain Paton. The steamer Coos, Miwrwan completed at 
 Mar.shfield for R. C. Cordes, and Capt. S. C. Rodgers has been master for the past few years. Two substantial 
 steamers which afterward performed good service on Puget Sound were launched at Aberdeen, Gray's Harbor, in 
 1891. The sternwheeler (V/r (>/■. //'(7(/c<'«, one hundred and twenty- 
 seven feet long, nineteen feet five inches beam, and six feet hold, was 
 constructed for the Aberdeen Transportation Company. Capt. T. S. 
 Tew was first in command. She was sent to the Sound, soon after 
 completion, in charge of Capt. James Hennesy,'and is now running 
 between Seattle and Olympia in connection with the Multnomali. The 
 other, the Clan McPc'ild, is a freighter ninety-five feet long, twenty- 
 four feet seven inches beam, and five feet five inches hold, and is now 
 owned by Lilly, Bogardus & Co. of Seattle. The steam launches 
 Chicajyo, built at Aberdeen, and Rambler at Montesano, also appeared 
 on (iray's Harbor in i8yi. The commodious steam freighter Rapid 
 Tiansil, ninety-eight feet long, thirty feet eight inches beam, seven feet 
 four inches hold, was completed at Port Hadlock for Frank McDonald, 
 James Mclver," W. F. Pettibone and Charles T. Redfield. Unfortu- 
 nately, after three months' service, she was fired by a cargo of lime, and 
 before it was extinguished burned almost to the water's edge. She 
 was afterward rebuilt and sold to K. K. Caine of Seattle, by whom 
 she has since been operated. Henry Carstens,'' formerly an Oregon 
 
 JAMKS MClVKK 
 
 'Capt. James Hennesy was born iu Ireland in 1847. After beginuin;; his 
 iiKirine career he spent three years on Atlantic sailinj; vessels, anil also served 
 three years in the United States Navy during the Civil War. In 1869 he came to 
 the Sound on the bark (lOld Hunter, which went to Port Madison to load luuiber, 
 anil, after making two trips on her, joined the bark /liiena I'ista, carrying lumber 
 bi'lween Port Gamble and San I'rancisco, where he renniinetl for six months. He 
 tln.n went on the bark Gem of tlie Ocean, carrying coal from Nanaimo to San 
 I'r.uicisco, and left her to again run in the lumber trade on the bark Reveie and afterward on the brig l.iieas. He then made 
 a trip to Liverpool and on his return went to the bark Helen II'. Almy, loading lumber at Cementville, Wash., for China. He was 
 afierwanl on the following vessels, running mostly in the lumber trade : ship Laurence, barks Oizeyn, Indian Empire, A'ainier and 
 ficiieral Cobb, remaining on the latter vessel seven years. He has also served on the steamers A'ortli I'licijic, ( 'ol/a.v, Holiali, 
 Si. Pittricl!, Josephine, Louise, and tug Pioneer. In 1890 he went to Gray's Harbor and took charge of the steamer .Montesano, and 
 ill 1S92 took the City of Aberdeen around to the Sound, where he ran her for a few months, and then took the C'lehatis to the 
 Sound. He then went back to the Montesano anil is at present her master. 
 
 'James Mclver, engineer, was born in Ireland in 1850 and came to the Pacific Coast in \i^T^. having previously followed his 
 luiifcssiou in the Mediterranean trade. He worked for several years on I'nget Sound steamers and was engineer and part owner of 
 tlu- Rapid Transit when she was nearly destroyed by fire at Taconia in 1882. 
 
 '' Henry Carstens commenced his marine career in 1885 as agent at Kiparia for the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, 
 aii'l was afterward chief clerk at that point and had charge of the commissary. In 1888 he was chief clerk for Port Captain J. W. 
 
 i= 
 
 I 
 
 'J 
 
390 
 
 Lewis {J Dryden's Marine History of thv Pacitio Northwest 
 
 jAMKh FOWI-KK 
 
 Railway & NnviKation Coin|miiy purser, was the owner of the liatulsome little sternwheclcr Monte ( //(/o, Iciitjili 
 ninety feet, Iwnin twenty-four feet, depth of hold three feet nine inches, with engines ten hy forty-eiuhl inclu , 
 She was first commanded by Capt, George Hill, with Wiilinni McKenzie, eiiKineer, and is at jiresent owned .iiid 
 
 operated hy V,. Shelljjren. 
 
 The steamer I'it'^il '/". /'//Vr, length forty-four feet, henni four- 
 teen feet, depth of hold six feet four inches, was constructed at Ivi^lc 
 Harbor hy Capt. Frank l'rice"'an(l T. C. Pendleton. She was stiiuk 
 by the steamer Ohmpiaii and cut in two while lying at the dcMk 
 December 6th, was raised and rebuilt the following year, and biiimd 
 in i.Si)4. Seattle made numerous contributions to the miimr stt;iiii 
 fleet in 1S91, among them the Minnk M. 33.87 tons, tug Mys,IU i-.2\, 
 Cyrtiif 15. o,^, Mayjlower 16.(14, /v;-i((Xr« 46.04, .Mag;j<ie H. Yaitv in.sii, 
 steam launches J'irlia/>s, A/oiioma. /.tiia, Marion A. and Rcnion. Ca])!. 
 W. II, ICllis, who had previously been interested in a number nf 
 steamers on the Sound, launched the stern wheeler lillis, length one 
 hundred and twenty-nine feet seven inches, beam twenty-seven feet 
 seven inches, depth seven feet four inches, at liallard, running her 
 on different routes out of Seattle until 1H94, when she was destmyeil 
 by fire. The .sternwheeler Florence Henry, length .seventy -five feet, 
 beam twenty-two feet, depth four feet, and the Occident, 44.01 tons, 
 were also .set atloat at Ballard. vSmall steamers and launches liuilt 
 elsewhere on the Sound in 1S91 were the l.itile Giant at Port HIakely, 
 Dandy at Port Orchard, Rover at Olympia, La Hon Ton at Kdniuiuls, 
 Myra at Hoodsport, /;■. M. Gilt at North Hay, Lillian A'. Moore at 
 Tacoma, ./. A'. Robinson at Brooklyn, and the Llfin at Houghton on 
 Lake Washington. Brought to the Sound from outside districts were 
 the \'olga from the Columbia River, the Francis Cutting, Hermosu and 
 Roiie from San Francisco, and the .steam launches Regie and Laurel from Chicago, 
 
 The steamship /impress 0/ India (.see frontispiece), the first of the Canadian Pacific Railway's Royal Mali 
 line to the Orient, arrived at N'ancouver, April 2.Sth, in charge of Capt. O. Marshall. The dimensions of the 
 India, as well as of her sister ships, the limpress of Japan and limpress of China, are, length four hundred and 
 eighty-five feet, beam fifty-one feet, depth of hold thirty-six feet, gross tonnage 5,700. They were built by the 
 Naval Construction & Armament Company at Barrow-in-Furne.ss, James Fowler" superintending the construction 
 of the machinery. The 
 Empress of India sailed from 
 Liverpool, February 7th, with 
 a large party of excursionists 
 bound around the world, 
 going first to Gibraltar, thence 
 
 to Naples and Marseilles, /Ji. 
 
 through the Suez Canal, 
 stopping at Ceylon and Co- 
 lombo, then across the Bay of ! ^^- 
 Bengal to Penang, thence to 
 Singapore, China and Japan, 
 
 Troup, but returned to Kiparia in 
 iSgc) In 1S91 lie w.i.s appointed 
 purser of tile Olympian, ran lliere 
 for a short lime, and then became 
 interested with Capt. Claud Tronp 
 in the iireyhound, afterward buihl- 
 ing the steamer Monte Cristo, 
 which he sold in 1893. He is at 
 present in the shingle business. 
 
 '"Capt. Frank Price of 
 
 Kdmond.s, Wash., was born in New York in 1859 8'"' commenced steamboatiug in the Northwest on the I'uget Sound stcaiiicr 
 Celilo in 1S80. In March, 1891, he constructed the tug Virgil T. I'ricc, which was sunk by the steamer Olympinn the same 
 year, but rebuilt shortly afterward. Captain Price was also owner of the old steamer I'irgifiia, and is now bniUling a new one, 
 
 "James Fowler, engineer, of Vancouver, H. C, was born in Al)erdeen, Scotland, in 1849. He served an apprenticeship uilli 
 Barry, Henry & Co. of that city, remaining there for six years and then joining the Holland line, between I,iverpool and Montical. 
 While in that service he passed llirongh the various grades from assistant to chief engineer, acting in the latter capacity for six yi .irs, 
 during which time he superintended tlie construction of the machinery for the City of (i/osi;ti7i', Scot/afttl and other steamers. lie 
 remained in that employ until 1889, when he was appointed by the Canadian Pacific i<ailway Company to superintend the 
 construction of the machinery for the Empress 0/ India, limprers 0/ Japan anil /impress 0/ China. On the completion of the last, 
 the /impress iif Cliina, he joined her as chief engineer and came to tlie Pacific Coast, ami has since been running to Chin. i ami 
 Japan. Before coming to this Coast, Mr. Fowler crossed the Atlantic Ocean 250 times and never met with the slightest misliap. 
 His record on the Pacific bids fair to equal that on the Atlantic. 
 
 
 KovAI. Mail SteamsiiiI' 'Kmi-kkss of Jai-a.n" 
 
Retirement of the Oregon Railway (( Navigation Company from Pugvt Sound 
 
 39' 
 
 Sthambh " Comox ' 
 
 iiiul from there ncrosH the Pacific. I'rank Upton's Oricntnl lint- between the Columbia River mid Victoria vvn.s in 
 viiccessfui oiieratioii in iMi;i with the sti'iiinsliii) /iimb<\i\ Captain I'ldwards, an old rciiinsniar iS: Oriental liner, 
 (he /Itiliivia, Captain Hill, and the Sussrv, Captain Hull. The Hritish .steamship 'J'oi I'liou, Captain Unsworth, 
 lioni China, and the Grniuiliolm, Captain Maason, from Liverpool, were amon^ the arrivals at N'icloria and 
 \ unconver, the latter hriiiKinK, among other cargo, nmterial for two steel screw propellers, which were pnt 
 lonelher at Coal Harlior. Hoth steanishi|>s remained on the coast for several months, carrying coal from Nanaimo 
 1.1 San Francisco and acting as feeders for the Canadian Pacific Railway between Vancouver and the Columbia 
 River. Steam colliers running north were the U'r//iMx'/i»i, Captain Salmond : /:i>i/>iri\ Itutler ; Monlsiual, 
 
 HIackbnrn ; and .Vu/* /'i.lnt, llewett. 
 
 The sealing industry furnished bn.siness for two 
 well known coasting steamers, the Cosla A'l'ia going 
 north as a tender to the Hritish war (leet from Dering 
 Sea, while the . // A7, Coptain I'lummer, was sent to 
 Alaska to be used as a pri.son ship for captured sealers. 
 The Quail, Captain Carroll, was running to Alaska, 
 and the . // AV',« placi' in the Sound trade was taken 
 for a short time by the /iiorka, which rean])eared in 
 the north for the first time in many years. The /fay- 
 lian Refiiiblii was operated to the Sound in opposition 
 to the Pacific Coast Steamship Company. The old 
 steamship W'ilmiiigloii was in .service between I'ortland 
 and San Franci.sco in charge of Iv J. Moody, captain, 
 and Thomas Moran, chief engineer. She was obliged 
 to make a trip in November by way of Puget Sound 
 to replenish her coal supply. Moody then resinned 
 command and was succeeded by Captain Jessen. The most important additions to the local fleet in i8yi were 
 the steamers Comox and Capilano, constructed at Vancouver, H. C, by Henry Darling. The Comox is a sloop- 
 rigged steel jiropeller one hundred and five feet long, eighteen feet beam, and five feet hold, with engines twelve 
 and twenty-four by eighteen inches, has accommodations for nearly two hundred passengers, and a speed of 
 eleven miles per hour on a coal consumption of four and one-half tons in twenty-four hours. She is running 
 liorth from Vancouver. The Capiluno, which was intended for freighting pnrpo.ses, was launched in December, 
 i.Syi. She is a sloop-rigged propeller one hundred and twenty-seven feet long, twenty-two feet beam, and ten 
 feet six inches hold, with engines thirteen and one-cjuarter and twenty-six by eighteen inches. She has a 
 speed of about nine miles an hour and is 
 licensed to carry twenty-five deck pa.ssengers. 
 The Hudson's Bay Company, who were 
 the pioneers in the marine business in the 
 Northwest, set afioat the sternwheeler Cn/i- 
 i/oiiia at New Westminster in February, 1.S91, 
 for the Skeena River trade. She is one hun- 
 dred feet long, twenty-four feet six inches 
 lieain, five fe"t hold, and was .sent to her new 
 fluid in charge of Capt. CVeorge Odin, with 
 Thomas Hatherly, chief engineer. For the 
 past three years .she has been commanded by 
 Capt. John H. Honser. The A'flson, the first 
 sternwheeler on the Kootenai, and, with the 
 exception of the (iaiciia, the first pa.ssenger 
 steamer on those waters, was completed at 
 lionner's Ferry by the contractors in charge 
 of the construction of the Orcat Northern 
 Railway. She was a well built steamer, with 
 Kood speed and carrying capacity, and on the 
 completion of the road, like the Spokane, was sold to the Columbia & Kootenai Steam Navigation Company, 
 and is still in their service betweei» Nelson and Boinier's Ferry, Idaho. Another small sternwheeler, the 
 .liiis7forlli, was built by Hremmer, Watson iS: Jevous at Ainsworth. Her first master was Captain Delany, 
 who operated her between Ainsworth and Nelson, disposing of her in 1892 to Capt. August Menenteau, John 
 I'.Uerson and John Campbell,'' who are still handling her in the jobbing trad, on the lake and river. The 
 
 "John Caiii[>l)ell has l)eeii eiiga^eil in the uiariiie Imsiiie.ss shice i>S79. He sailed out ol tilas),'OW in the deep-water trade for 
 several years and was for three years on the (Ireat Lakes, lie went to Kootenai I,ake in 1891 and is at present part owner of the 
 ML-anier Aimworlli, of which he is mate and pilot. 
 
 Stkamkr "Catu-ano" 
 
 11 
 
 I. 
 
 

 393 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 \- 
 
 KnOTKNAl r.AKi-: Srl:AMKR "Nfi.son' 
 
 propeller Kaslo was also constructed on the Kootenai in 1891 hy Buchanan & Yuill for towing and jol)hiii^. 
 She is still in commission, but has never l)een very successful. Other steamers launched in British Coluniliia 
 waters in 1891 were the Jied Star on Okanagan Lake, the Morn's for Naas River, the Eva, a fishing tug, on 
 Gardiner's Inlet, the Nee! for Alaska service, and the Kitdonan. The Puget vSound steamer I'hantcm was 
 purchased by Captain Jacobson and F. Jones and placed under the British flag September ad, and tlic old tiij; 
 5. L. Mastick was also operated 
 under those colors by her new 
 owners, the Ross-McL,aren Mill 
 Company of Victoria. The 
 William Irving was extensively 
 overhauled at Victoria, supplied 
 with new machinery, and set 
 afloat March 4th, and the West- 
 ern Slope was dismantled. The 
 British tugs Lome and Pilot 
 were seized at Port Townsend 
 for towing in American waters. 
 The Lome was in command of 
 Capt. James Christiansen, Jr., 
 who succeeded his father when 
 he was appointed pilot in the 
 Victoria district. 
 
 H. B. M. ship Warspile 
 was in the graving dock at 
 Esquimau for over three months 
 in 1891, receiving extensive repairs (see illustntion on page 291). She is the largest vessel which has ever enti^red 
 the dock, although several other good-sized craft v.'ere there for repairs during the year, among them H. B. M. 
 ships Champion 2,380 tons, Nymphe 1,140, British steamships Hounslo-iC 2,297, /^d'^via 2,553, " 'ci/ Indian i,.S()s, 
 Mongkut 1 ,354, Fjanubc 886, American steamship City of Topeka, steamers ( 'ity 0/ Seattle, City ?/ Kingston, /'irmiti. 
 Vosemite, Islander, United States steamer /'/«/a, and the British bark Harvthombank. The Covemor An>,s. the 
 first five-masted schooner in the United States, arrived at Nanaimo, April 19, 1891. She was built at V.'aldboro, 
 Me., in 1888, was two hundred and forty-five feet six inches long, fifty feet beam, twenty-one feet hold, and 
 registered 1,689 tons. The liritish bark Embleton reached Port Town.send, March 13th, after a remarkable pa.s.^iagt- 
 of 613 days from Androssar Storm, disa.-iter, contrary winds and sickness were given as reasons for the repealed 
 delays suffered by the vessel. She .sailed from Aiidrossan. July 3, 1889, and encountered heavy weather, whicli 
 damaged her rigging so that she was unable to roand the Cape and was obliged to put back to Port Stanley for 
 repairs October 21st. She got away from there March 25, i8go, and made fair progress until April 14th, when a 
 
 gale carried away the foi^ nast, so that she could not get 
 '"' around, pa.sscd wide of the Falkland Lslands, and stood 
 
 in for Montevideo, arriving off the La Plata, May 3d, wli(.re 
 she was caught in a heavy pampero, which stniiried her badly. 
 On the twentieth she sen'.red a pilot and three days later wa.s 
 towed into Montevic'eo by three tugs. There the cargo was 
 discharged and the vessel docked for repairs, which were not 
 completed until December, and on the third of that inoiUli 
 she put to sea, finally reaching her destination. The F.mbliti'ii 
 had on a former occasion achieved considerable notoriety l)y 
 arriving at Astoria with nearly tdl of the crew dead or dyinn 
 from the effects of a strange fever which they had contracted 
 at Acapulco. The old British tea clipper Oberon sailed into 
 Astoria, April 20, 1891. after a record-t>reakiiig trip of twenty- 
 four days from Voknha;]!. The British ship; '.i)>/ii«. Captain 
 Steele, and Cockcrmoutli, Captain McAdam, jaced from Livi r- 
 pool to Astoria, the Lorton beating the Cockermouth by mv 
 day. The two vessels were side by side in plain sight of each other for nearly two months, the captains 
 exchanging frequent visits before they finally drifted apart. 
 
 The sailing craft built in the Northwest in 1891 included the four-masted schooners yI/c/C(»;', length one 
 hundred and seventy-.seven feet three inches, beam thirty-eight feet four inches, depth of hold thirtt^en feet the 
 inches, net tonnage 561.84; Prosper, length one hundred and seventy-seven feet, beam hirt> -eight feet Tne 
 inches, depth thirteen feet five inches, net tonnage 562.54 ; (('. //. Talbot, length one hundred and eighty-eiglit 
 feet six inches, beaiu forty feet three inches, depth fifteen feet one inch, tonnage 816.75 ; .itice Cook, leng*'' one 
 
 ''SR 
 
 Schooner "Aloha' 
 
s ever eiiti.'retl 
 
 lem H. B. M. 
 
 Indian i.Sos, 
 
 (/o«, J'riiiiiir, 
 
 wr An'< s. the 
 
 at Waklboro. 
 
 ;et hold, and 
 
 al)le passage 
 
 the repeated 
 
 ather, which 
 
 Stanley for 
 
 4th, when a 
 
 ould not get 
 
 and stood 
 
 ay 3d, where 
 
 ed her badly. 
 
 ays later was 
 
 he cargo was 
 
 ich were not 
 
 that month 
 
 The l-.mbhioH 
 
 notoriety by 
 
 ead or dying 
 
 d contracted 
 
 ;/ sailed intci 
 
 ) of twenty- 
 
 >ton, Captain 
 
 from Livir- 
 
 louih by one- 
 
 the captains 
 
 Retirement of the Oregon Railway cf Navigation Company from Paget Sound 
 
 393 
 
 hundred and eighty-five feet six inches, beam thirty-nine feet, depth fifteen feet four inches ; /o/ih D. Ta/lanl, 
 533 tons ; schooner Aloha, Capt. Richard Dabel,'' length one hundred and ninety feet four inches, beam forty feet 
 two inches, depth fifteen feet three inches, tonnage 763. ,S2, at Port Blakely ; schooner A.iucont/u, length fifty-four 
 feet, beam sixteen feet eight inches, dep'.h nine feet one inch, at vSeattle ; barkeiitine Clif/ialis, length one hundred 
 and seventy-seven feet, beam forty feet, depth fourteen feet five inches, at Hoquiam, Wash. The barkeiitine 
 Ani)>o, length one hundred and seventy-.six feet four inches, beam thirty-eight feet eight inches, depth twelve feet 
 two inches, net tonnage 476 ; the schooner I'o/anle, length nitiely-two feet four inches, beam twenty-five feet nine 
 inches, depth eight feet three inches, net tonnage 92.40 ; and the schooner liorchead, length ninety feet four 
 inches, beam twenty-two feet three inches, depth ten feet eight inches, were set afloat at Coos Bay, Or. The 
 Columbia River Fishermen's Protective Union constructed the schooner Pathfinder, length seventy-.seven feet, 
 beam twenty-four feet, depth six feet. The schooner Transit, length one hundred and sixty-five feet two inches, 
 beam thirty-seven feet one ii ch, depth thirteen feet one inch, net ton.iage 508.50, was completed at Ballard, 
 Wash., for Capt. P. Jorgenson and other San Franci.sco parties. Two small schooners, the Jama. G. lilaine and 
 Mohawk, were launched at South Bend, and at Seattle the sealing schooner Hmnicll J'clit:, fifty feet long and 
 seventeen feet beam, for the Neah Bay Indians, who have since operated he as a .sealer. The propeller Laurel, a 
 forty-foot steamer, was built at Chican, Alaska, and the .schooner Aida. length one hundred and eighty-three feet, 
 beam thirty-nine feet, depth 
 twelve feet, net tonnage 
 .S.iS-yS, at Port Ludlow in 
 1 89 1 . 
 
 Misfortune befell a 
 large number of steam and 
 sailing vessels in 1891, and 
 many lives and a vast amount 
 of property were sacrificed. 
 .\ disaster which proved more 
 costly to the wreckers than 
 any other in the Northwest 
 overtook the splendid steam 
 collier San Pedro, November 
 23d, while en route from 
 Comox to San Francisco with 
 4.000 tons of coal. The 
 steamer, in charge of Capt. 
 Charles Hewett and Pilot 
 James Christiansen, struck 
 Hrotchie Ledge, near the 
 entrance to Victoia harbor. 
 She could not be backed off, 
 and as speedily as possible 
 attempts were made to lighten 
 her. Captain Salmond of the Wellinv^ton went to the wreck with a crew of ni n, and a diver from H. B. M. ship 
 Nvmphe went down and made a.i examination. During the night aboi t three hundred tons of her cargo were 
 removed, and at 9:30 the next morning the steamer suddenly sank in about eight and one-half fathoms astern and 
 four and one-half abreast. Attempts to raise her were at once made, but so much time elapsed before proper 
 appliances could be secured that .she havl become firmly im[)aled. T. P. H. Whitelaw of San Francisco spent 
 nearly one hundred thousand dollars in an unsuccessful attem])t to float her, and other divers met with similar 
 success. The last attempt was made in 1894, by Moran Brothers of Seattle, who with the aid of a number of 
 immense pumps, succeeded in securing a very good start ; but, before their operations were completed, a heavy 
 sea destroyed the advantage they had gained, and. before they could get their plant again in working order, a 
 second storm swept away a large share of their gear and a portion of the stern of the steamer, leaving her a 
 hopeless wreck. The bow and fortii'ast of the vessel were still in plain view early in 1895, and the Victorians, to 
 whom the unfortunate craft had proved an eye.sore, were endeavoring to have the Dominion Government remove 
 it with dynamite. Pilot Christiansen, who was in charge of the steamer at the time of the accident, made the 
 following official report ; 
 
 *' Left Union coal wliarf in Itaynes Sound at <y.yi A. M., Sunilav, November i2, iSyi. ilrawin^ twenty-live feet aft ; roi'.iided 
 'I'rial Island at 8:00 i'. M., three-fourths of a mile olT. Proceeded two or two and a vtua-'ter miles (ui ctnirse, then slowed enj^ines half 
 speed, and took bearing I'isguard light, west one-half north. Slowed the engines to ilead slow, and hauled in towanl IMsguanl 
 
 '"Capt. Richard Ilahel was l)orn in Germany in iS,S9and serve<l when a lioy in the coasting and deep-water trade out of 
 'crnuin ports. He also served u year in the (icrnnin Navy, where he (lualilied as a reserve lieutenant. t)n leaving the naval service 
 lie returned to llie merchant marine and came to the I'acilic Coast in 1879 lie was first engaged on the shij. Fiitiil X. Thiiver, has 
 since been sailing in the Hawaiian Islamls' trade on different vessels, ami since i.Si,i has commanded the lour-niasted schooner .lloha. 
 
 'Sm^^- 
 
 :l: 
 
 l-iAN I'KDKl) ON IIKOTCIIIK I.KIKIK 
 
 I! I 
 
 m 
 
 n 
 
 \ 
 
 ■=f 
 
394 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 light, keepiiif! it tbree-qiinrters of a point on starboard bow ; both captain and myself on bridge, looking for Brotciiie Ledge Ijunv, 
 the glare of tlie electric lights making it difficult to discern objects ,'°arly. The lookout on the forecastle bead indicating sonicthi ml; 
 reported ahead, gave the order at once 'bard astarl)oard' (thinking it to be my boat under the bow), and started to signal Hit- 
 engine-room to stop and reverse engines ; but, before I reached the handle of engine-room telegraph, ll-e vessel struck the 
 bottom, carrying her way, and moved some distance before she brought up bard and fast on Hrotchie Ledge. Thinking she wouM 
 work clear of the ledge, went full speed ahead, with helm hard astarboa'd, but found she still remained immovable. Revcrsnl 
 engines and went full speed astern, but without success. ' 
 
 The unfortunate Evangel, which came into existence in .such a peculiar way, was the scene of a ttrnlile 
 boiler explosion, October 15th, while lying at the wharf at 3ehonie. The steamer had been laid up for the nij^lit, 
 and Chief Kngineer Mann and Captain Morgan were on shore. Soon after tliey had left the boat the !)oiler 
 suddenly exploded, tearing the house and upper works to atoms. Julius Flint, the fireman, wlio was standiii); on 
 the main deck lighting a lamp wheii the explosion occurred, was caught by the flying timbers and bruised and 
 scalded so that death occurred shortly afterward. William R. Biggs, a deckhand, was .scalded and injured from 
 inhaling steam and smoke .so that he died at the marine hospital in Port Townsend the next day. (Iils 
 Carlson, employed in the same capacity, was drowned in his bunk by the bursting of the water tank. Albert V,. 
 Briggs, assistant engineer, and David Ross and John Feeny, firemen, were severely burned and crushed, hut 
 subsequently recovered. Charles R. Turner, steward, and Joseph Burrows, cook, were also severely scalded. 
 The boiler flew from amidships in the bottom of the boat, upward and forward over the bow, falling into the bay. 
 An investigation failed to reveal the cause o*" the explosion, as the evidence showed that the fires were banked 
 in the usual manner and that the water was within two itiches of the top of the gauge, with a very low 
 pressure of steam. 
 
 The Piitish ship Sirathblaue, from Honolulu for the Columbia River, was wrecked on North Beach, about 
 nine miles from the Columbia River, at 5:15 a. m., November 3, 1S91. The vessel was twenty days out fror.i 
 Honolulu, and approached the Columbia in a very dense fog, which was followed by a heavy gale. The 
 long-continued thick weather prevented the master from taking an observation, and his chronometer was defective. 
 Soon after striking, the seas began breaking over the deck, and the vessel was .soon battered to pieces, '".le crew 
 remained with her until the last moment, and then started through the .surf for shore. The first to leave the- ship 
 came in on the flood tide and reached the beach in safety ; but Cuthell, captain ; Donald McLeod, carpenter ; 
 Thomas Hunter, cook ; R. Hughes and John Buyers, seamen ; and H. Lewis, a passenger, perished in the surf, 
 and Donald McDonald, an apprentice, received injuries from which he afterward died. First Officer Murray and 
 the rest of the crew were kindly cared for by the citizens of Ilwaco, and the bodies of the captain and his men 
 were interred in the cemetery there. Captain Cuthell was well known on the Columbia River, and much regret 
 was expressed at his untimely end. He remained with his ship until the last, and after bidding Murray good-liy, 
 at.d giving him a message for his wife in England, said : " I suppose this will be put down as another case of 
 reckless navigation, but God knows I did the best I could." The steamer Maggie Ross, Captain Marshall, while 
 en route from Coos Bay to San Francisco with a cargo of lumber, encountered a heavy storm, which stove in lier 
 hou.se, carried away the boats and smokestack, and swept the decks clean. The vessel fell into the trough of the 
 sea and became helpless and unmanageable, her engines having stopped. H. C. Anderson, the steward, received 
 injuries from which he died December Sth, and Peter Green, second officer, was drowned. Three of the crew 
 were rescued on the eighth by the schooner Annie Gee ; the following day the H 'ci^/i?.)/ picked up the remaining; 
 survivors, and on the eleventh the steamer Willameltc Va.uy towed the wreck into Vaquina Bay. 
 
 The bark General /litller, from Port Gamble for San Franci.sco, November iSth, with a million feet of 
 lur"'.,r for the Puget Mill Company, encountered a fearful gale and broke up December Sth about one hundred 
 niiies southwest of Cape Arago. The crew left the ves.sel in two boats. Captain Parker and five men landing at 
 Cape Avago on the night of Deceiuber i ith in an exhausted condition. Portions of the hull and the lunOu-r carfjo 
 hung together until December i-ti., when the derelict drift''d into Yaquina Bay and struck the jetty, ol wliicli it 
 carried av.'ay about eighty feet and then went to pieces. Tiie American .schooner /\'i/sa/>, Capt. Henry Til)lietts, 
 from Port Townsend for Shanghai, was caught in a typhoon and wiecked on Voridino Island, in latitude 35° 5.=;' 
 north and longitude 131° 11' west. The ves.sel sailed from Port Townsend, July 4th, with a million feet of 
 lumber, and at ,^;oo .\. m., September 6th, struck and immediately commenced going to pieces, leaving the crew 
 barel) time to get into an eighteen-foot boat before the schooner floated away. They remained on the rocks for 
 twenty-seven days waiting for the gale to subside. As there was no watt-r there. Captain Tibbetts and litre < t 
 his men started for the I.oochoo Islands, 180 tniles distant, where they arri\ed six dav< later, after having 
 three days without water. They were picked up by the Japa-iese steamer Tatyuman, which was di,-patc!ied by 
 the governor of Okamana Lsland and had previously rescued the rest of the crew. They were taken to Kobe and 
 thence by the /unpress of Japan to X'ic^oria, The Nova vScotian bark Sarah, Captain Greenhalgh, frotn Manila 
 in ballast for Port Blakely, was wrecked on the west coast of Vancouver Island during a fog and gale Novtinlier 
 Sth. The crew left the vessel in the lifeboats, and two of the number were lost in effecting a landing throus'.li llie 
 surf The captain, who was accompanied by his wife and baby, succeeded in reaching shore. The Sarali was a 
 wooden bark of 1,142 tons register, and was seventeen years old. 
 
 The .schooner Premier, Captain Poulsen, was wrecked on the Cl'^umagin Islands, May > K), v ith a ;''-•.>>'"' 
 cargo, which was .sold with the wreck for $150, the purchasers saving the schooner and nearly all of h"r i" >. '"t. 
 The American ship Palestine, Captain McCartney, from Tacoina for San Francisco with 2,500 tons of coal. 
 
Retirement of the Oregon Railway c? Navigation Company from Ptigef Sound 
 
 395 
 
 struck on San Francisco bar, June 26th, receiving injuries which sent her to the bottom an hour later. The tug 
 Virgil T. Price, while lying at the coal bunkers near the foot of Madison Street, "^iattle, December 7th, was cut in 
 two by the Olympian, Captain Anderson, and sank immediately. The Olympian was coming into her dock under 
 a pretty good head and refused to answer her helm. The Pria- was afterward rai.sed. The new Pee, which was 
 ciiuipped with the machinery from the steamer of the same name burned at Seattle in i.S8g, met the same fate in 
 the Duwamish River, March 6th. She was bound for the White River, Imt had lost her propeller and was lying 
 at anchor. She was owned by Capt. Ed Taylor and commanded by Capt. H. J. Gillespie. The Briti.sh steamer 
 Alpha, which was rebuilt from the Kichmond, burned in 1889, went up in flames near New Westminster, 
 September 23d. The loss was estimated at $12,000, with an insurance of $5,000. The steamer li.xpress burned 
 to the water's edge at Marshfield, September 8th. The handsome twin-screw propeller iMa>y Kraft met a similar 
 end on Lake Washington near Yesler Avenue at 3:00 a. m., September 21st, Capt. John Anderson and Engineer 
 Gus Neaher narrowly escaping with their lives. The steamer belonged to Captain Kraft and was valued at 
 $13,000, with an insurance of $8,000. The steamer Marion, on the upper Columbia, broke away from her 
 moorings May 20th and was carried over the rapids and broken up. The Hritish steamer Nellie, while lying at 
 anchor in Howe Sound, with no one aboard dragged anchor in a gale March 14th, and filled and sank in deep 
 water, becoming a total loss. The steamship '/.ambesi collided with the schooner Fanny Dutard on the vSound, 
 August 23d, the Dutard sustaining damages amounting to several thou.sand dollars. The schooner Sea dull, 
 Capt. Frank While, was wrecked on the rocks near Cape St. James, May i2tli, the crew escaping. The .schooner 
 
 l.illie. built at Essex in 185 1, sank 
 of Vancouver Island, and became a 
 ( . O. IVltitmore, owned by Capt. 
 .trance of Hilo harbor with half 
 Honolulu in tow of a tug. She 
 Ward of Port Blakely. The 
 from Anacortes for San Juan Island, 
 Anacortes, February loth. The 
 Sahnond, met with two serious 
 seventy miles south of the Colum- 
 cisco, she lost her propeller, was 
 drifted until noon of the twenty- 
 lighthouse was sighted, northeast 
 At 7:30 o'clock that evening the 
 and offered to tow her to anchorage 
 half an hour later the steamer 
 ill tow for San Francisco, arriving 
 Montserrat got her hawser aboard, 
 collided with the Wellington, 
 
 plate in 
 accid- 
 
 witi: ■ 
 
 /v./. , 
 
 I'aciiic ' _;• 
 The pas.sei% 
 
 'Ir 
 
 forward compartment 
 cnrred in November, 
 'I -haft November 4th 
 SI .'nmship Abyssinia, 
 
 Cait. W. H. Skv>tiirk 
 
 in Dodge's Cove, on the west coast 
 total loss. The American bark 
 Ruf.is Calhoun, stranded at the 
 a cargo of sugar while en route to 
 was connuanded by Capt. B. H. 
 steamer Union, Capt. A. W. Berry, 
 foundered soon after leaving 
 collier Wellington, Captain 
 mishaps in i8yi. April 26th, while 
 bia River, en route for San Fran- 
 unmanageable under sail, and 
 ninth when Cape Disappointment 
 by i.jrth, nineteen miles distant, 
 steam.ship Sussex came alongside 
 for salvage. This was refused, and 
 Afontserral appeared r.nd took her 
 May 3d, at io:o(} p. m. Before the 
 the British bark Lady /\li:abelli 
 breaking one frame and cracking a 
 above the water line. The second 
 when the steamer was picked up 
 and towed into Victoria by the San 
 one of the first of the Canpdian 
 
 n- liners, burned on the AthiUtic, December ifttli. while en route from New York to I/lverpool. 
 . and crew were rescued by the steamship Spree, all of them saving their personal effects. 
 
 Among iiij deaths in marine circles in iSyi were those of Capt. Alexander 1'. Ankeny at Salem, March 
 .';,d, aged seventy-eight ; Capt. J, C. Brittain, prominent in Pujret Sound steaml)oat history, at Concord, June ist, 
 aj;ed fifty-seven ; Capt. James N. Mcintosh, for the past eighteen years a Victoria pilot, at that city, February 
 I' ah, aged sixty-one; John Melville, engineer of the tug W'allouut, at .Vstoria, April 3d, aged fifty ; Capt. W. C. 
 .Saunders of Tacoma, who left there to take the whaleback ('. \l'. U'e/niore to Liverpool, in the latter port, July 
 -'ith. aged fifty-two ; Capt. J. N. Fra/.ier, who came to t'.e Pacific Coast on the steamer Slinbriek, at Portland, 
 October 19th, aged sixty-two ; Capt. V.. L- Marshall, • iio reached the Coast in the bark Monniek in the si.xties, 
 lost overboard from the steamer Arago while en route from San Francisco to Marshfield, August 18th ; Capt. 
 C,L'"ri{e A. Cusaman, for a long time master of the Puget Sound steamer Comet and who built the /,////(• for the 
 \\ i.i' R'ver trade, at KUensburgh, August 23d ; and Captain Lyons, well known in the Northwest as commander 
 I' t'j- -leamships .letive, On'saba and Victoria, at San Franci.sco, March 21(1. Capt. William Renton, a very 
 pr< :i I -t S uro in the lumber and marine business on Puget Sound, passed away July i8th. He was a native 
 1)1 Pic' .a. Nova Scotia, and arrived at San Francisco in his own shij) Mary and fane in 183^), going from there to 
 Paget Sound. Capt. John L. Butler, one of the oldest pilots on Puget Sound, died at Port Town.send, aged 
 sixty-one. In the early days of steand)oating on these waters he served on the old steamers Constitution, l'.li;a 
 Anderson and Wilson <i. Hunt, and was also pilot on the I'nited States steamship Massachusetts. 
 
 After a long period of remarkable prosperity the Oregon Railway i\: Navigation Company 's steamboat 
 interests on Puget Sound were abandoned in 1892. The company was now controlled by the Union Pacific, who 
 
 \\ 
 
396 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Nortfiwest 
 
 had delegated the care of their water lines to Capt. B. F. Pegrara. The D. S. Baker and all other marine 
 property owned by the company was removed from the middle river, and a few months later, when the high water 
 prevented the operation of their railroad, the company suffered a daily loss of several hundred dollars because of 
 having no boat to handle business between the Cascades and The Dalles. A disagreement with employees 
 regarding the value of their services ensued upon the inauguration of the new management, and a large fleet of 
 grain vessels anxious to pass in and out of the Columbia was delayed for several weeks pending the settlement 
 of the difficulty, which was not satisfactorily adjusted until the tug Relief came up from San Francisco and 
 commenced towing on the bar, shipmasters in many cases paying her after the Union Pacific had collected for 
 towage in and out. When the Sound routes were abandoned the Emma Hayward was towed to the Columbia by 
 the tug Escort, arriving at Astoria in September, and the Hassalo was taken round by Capt. Cyrus Herrinian in 
 August. Capt. E. J. Rathbone, who had ably filled the position of port captain on the Sound, remained incliarj;e 
 a short time, and then chartered one or two steamers and secured the mail contract to Bellingham Bay. The old 
 sidewheeler Idaho was bought by Capt. Joseph Hastings, who had brought the whaleback C. /('. We/more out tlie 
 previous year. He operated her for a short time and then sold her to Capt. C. D. Brownfield. Before leaving the 
 Sound the Union Pacific made a traffic arrangement with the Puget Sound & Alaska Steamship Company, who 
 have since handled their business. Capt. D. B. Jackson, who had organized the latter company, disposed of his 
 holdings to the Northern Pacific in October, , -ul was succeeded as superintendent by Walter Oakes, The steanier.s 
 of the company have since been operated as ; t " fV ■ Northern Pacific Railroad system. This corporation wa.s 
 not the only bidder for the business abandontd Union Pacific, and a division of the trade was made by 
 
 giving the Canadian Pacific Navi.gation Compan> .'/hatconi, and the Hastings Steamboat Company the Port 
 
 Angeles and Neah Bay route. 
 
 Puget Sound's marine commerce, which less than a generation before had been handled by a fleet of vessels 
 whose combined tonnage for a year was less than that of the arrivals for a single day in 1892, had registered, at 
 the Port Townsend custom-house, in addition to a large number of vessels coming from foreign and California 
 ports, the following craft as belonging to the Puget Sound district. The net tonnage, year and place where 
 built, and sole or managing owner's name, are also given: Steamship .I/ice Dlanchard, 349.70, 1890, Tacoma, 
 W. G. Heller; steamers Angeles, 44.25, 1889, Port Angeles, L,. B. Hastings ; Biz, 40.27, 1881, Arcadia, Edward 
 Miller; Brick. 34.55, 1883, Seattle, J. W. Tarte ; Buckeye, 24.78, 1890, Seattle, O. J. Wallace; City of Quimy, 
 195.40, 1878, Portland, Walter Oakes; Challen.yr, 25.99, '885, Seattle, Oscar Holm; Columbia, 377.94, 1891, 
 Little Dalles, George M. Martin ; Cyrus Walker, 154.25, 1864, San Francisco, Cyrus Walker ; Daisy, 97.87, 1S80, 
 
 Rothschild; Detroit, 61.38, 1889, Detroit, 
 19.53, 1882, Seattle, H. M. Race ; Edith, 
 1859, Portland, Walter '_akes ; /;. W. 
 Port Townsend, L,. B. Hastings ; Evangel, 
 W. P. Say ward ; Francis Cutting, ^i).-^). 
 
 Seattle, Walter Oakes ; Discovery, 55.1.= , 1889, Port Townsend, L. 
 
 W. P. Sayward ; Dispatch, 62.14, 1890, Seattle, L. Henspeter ; Edna, 
 
 135.99, 1882, San Francisco, Walter Oakes ; Eliza Anderson, 197.49, 
 
 Purdy, 83. 82, 1888, Utsalady, W. K. Merwin ; Enterprise, 18.83, 1891, 
 
 97.43, 1882, Seattle, W. S. Mann; Favorite, 26953, 1868, Utsalady, 
 
 1889. San Francisco, L. F. Gault ; Grace, 27.22, 1880, Seattle, W. B. Seymore ; " Garland, 60.33, 1890, Port 
 
 Town.-end, L. B. Hastings ; Goliah, 235.86, 1849, New York, Cyrus Walker ; Harry Lynn, 45.51, 1881, Tacoma, 
 
 J. S. McMillan; Isabella, 43-39, 1889, Port Hadlock, Robert Airey ; /. M. Coleman, \t,.\i, 1887, Seattle, J. M. 
 
 Coleman; /. E. Boyden, 53.08, 1888, Seattle; /. A'. McDonald, 214.82, 1890, Ballard, C. H. Pennington; 
 
 /. C. Brittain. 96.86, 1885, Seattle, E. E. Caine ; Kootenai, 268.52, 1885, Little Dalles, Wash., H. M. McCartney; 
 
 Katie, 27.75, San Franci.sco, W. H. Hansen ; Lottie, 30.17, 1882, Cypress Island, S. Sweeney ; L.f. Perry, 39.1)8, 
 
 1875, Port Gamble, S. Baxter; Michigan, 21.05, 1885, Portland, James Nugent; Mela, 25.48, 1888, Lake Bay, 
 Wash., C. O. Lorenz ; Mogul, 61.60, 1886, Tacoma, J. H. Stetson ; Mabel, 114.79, 1889, vSeattle, E. A. Swift; 
 Mystic, 27.23, 1881, Eagle Harbor, H. H. Morri.son ; Monticcllo, 174.92, 1892, Ballard, Z. J. Hatch ; Nellie, 55.03, 
 
 1876, Seattle, John A. Campbell ; Occident, 44.01, 1890, Ballard, F. O. Woodward ; Politkofsky, 174.89, 1866, Sitka, 
 William Renton : Pearl. 53.91, 1884, Seattle, A. J. Edwards ; Phantom. 28.1 1, 1868, Port Madison, W. H. Stimson : 
 Perhaps, 5.6s. 1891, Seattle, G. E. Budlong ; Puritan, 14.18, 1887, Portland, D. Dry.sdale ; Queen City. t,:-,.i^6. 
 1883, Seattle, W. C. Stetson ; A'apid Transit, 82.33, '891, Port Hadlock, E. E. Caine; Rosie Olsen. 33.05, uS8h, 
 East Portland, N. Hodgson; Richard Holyokc, 90.94, 1877, Seabeck, E. P. Blake; Rainier, 51.54, 1877, 
 Seattle, O. J. Carr ; Saranac, 9.70, 1878, Whatcom, J. W. Blake ; Shou Fly, 27.32, 1881, Coupeville, H. J. Auly ; 
 Sarah .M. Renton, ea.^-. 1889, Port Blakely, William Campbell; Susie, 42.12, 1879, Seattle, W. S. Bowen ; 
 .San fuan. 2^.41). 1887, East Portland, George i\. Hall; .S'. L. Mastick, 106,50, 1869, Port Di.scovery, W. C. 
 Hammond; Seattle, 6.^2. 188 1, Seattle, W. R Tarte; Triumph, 66.97, '889, Lynden, C. M. Maltby ; Tacoma, 
 128.42, 1876, San P'rancisco, E. P. Blake; Tyee, 158.17, 1884, Port Ludlow, E. P. Blake ; Utsalady, 33.26, 1884, 
 Utsalady, John M. Collins; IV. F. Munroe, 99.81, 1883, Seattle, E. W. Smith; W. K. Merwin, 166.04, 1883, 
 Seattle, Walter Oakes ; Washington, 193.08, i88r, Vancouver, Walter Oakes ; Wasp, 15.66, 1890, ICagle Harbor, 
 A. P. Spaulding ; Wanderer, 125.01, 1890, Port Blakely, E. P. Blake; Wilduood, 26.79, 1884, Portland, 
 
 "Capt. W. B. Seymore was born in New Hampshire in 1.S50, and after coming west enKaged in steamboatinK on the Colnralo 
 River. He went from there to Puget Sound, where he ran for a short time on llie steamer I.indcn, Koing from her to they. />'. / .''ij 
 and a nnmljer of other well known Puget Sound steamers. He lias t)een interested in several boats as owner and part owner .mil 
 has always been very successful in operating them. At the present time he is running the steamer O'race out of Seattle, and in. ekes 
 his home at Chico, Kitsap County, Wash. 
 
Retirement of the Oregon Railway c? Navigation Company from Puget Sound 
 
 397 
 
 I,. B. Hastings; Yakima, 173.54, 1874, Port Gamble, Cyrus Walker ; City 0/ Kingston, »i(y.T,^, 1884, Wilmington, 
 Del, Walter Oakes ; City 0/ Seattle, qi2iT„ 1890, Philadelphia, Walter Oakes ; Pioneer, Ho.^'i, 1887, Philadelphia, 
 E. P. Blake ; Cliinook, 10.82, 1889, Astoria, H. A. Williams ; Fleetwood, 67.70, 1881, Portland, U. B. Scott ; Flyer, 
 jso.44, 1891, Portland, U. B. Scott; George E.Starr, 336.63, 1879, Seattle, W. W. Cotton; Jfassalo, 350.85, 
 1S80, The Dalles, W. W. Cotton ; Idaho, 178.82, i860. Cascades, W. W. Cotton ; Maid 0/ Oregon, 91.88, 1888, 
 Astoria, B. Grounds; North Pacific, 345.46, 1871, San Francisco, W. W. Cotton; Rabboni, 48.61, 1865, San 
 Francisco, P. B. Cornwall; Seliome, 615.21, 1889, Portland, W. W. Cotton; Collis, 102.77, '889, San Franci.sco, 
 K. S. Douty ; Premier, 602.05, 1887, vSan Francisco, E. W. .Spencer; Advance, 46.52, 1889, Whatcom, vSamuel 
 I.indsey ; Al Ki, 48.69, 1889, Seattle, C. Van Horn ; A. R. Robinson, 43.56, 1890, Brooklyn, R. S. Robin.son ;'■■ 
 Annie M. Pence, 95.15, 1890, Lynden, C. M. Maltby ; Colfax, 83.30, 1865, Seabeck, Marshall Blinn ; City of 
 Seattle, 186.96, 1888, Portland, Thomas Kwing ; Cascade, 64.54, 1S84, Seattle, John Watson ; City of Aberdeen, 
 138.27, 1891, Aberdeen, Thomas Tew ; Clan AfcDonald, 118. 13, 1891, Aberdeen, G. S. Thomas; C. C. Calkins, 
 29.85, 1890, Seattle, L,. F. Menage ; Clara liroivn, 11 1.86, 1886, Tacoma, J.F.Copley; City of Ellcnsburg, 
 188.92, 1888, Pasco, W. R. Abrams; City of Stamvood, 124.81, 1892, Stanwood, Robert Airey ; />//a, 53.45, 1888, 
 Stanwood, J. R. Thompson ; F.lfin, 22.91, 1891, Pontiac, J. F. Curtis ; F.stclla, 20.22, 1885, Tacoma, L. F. Cook ; 
 I'.llis, 199.28, 1 89 1, Ballard, W. H. Ellis; Fannie Lake, 1 18.81, 1875, Seattle, J. Green ; Florence Henry, 79.66, 
 1.S91, Ballard, P. Larsen ; Forsaken. 46.04, 1S91, Seattle, E. E. Caine ; Fairhavcn, 240.57. 1.S89, Tacoma, 
 \V. O. Chapman; Greyhound, 166.96, 1890, Portland, F. W. Goodhue; Glide, 78. 54, 1883, Seattle, J. F. 
 Vanderhoof; Henry Railey, 209.59, 1888, Tacoma, W. O. Chapman; lola, 26.22. 1885, Hig Skookum, Thomas 
 Redding; foscphine, 64,53, 1878, Seattle, M. L. Lewis; Kirkland, 117.65, 1882, Lake Washington, A. F. 
 Hass ; Louise, 129.77, J883, Seabeck, F^ P. Blake; 
 L. A. Richardson; Lissie A., 33.88, i8go, Hende- '^r 
 X. Hartman ; .Messenger, 90.11, 1876, Olynipia, H. Wii 
 
 H. 
 
 .Samuel Willey ; Mamie, 43.03, 1887, Snohomish 
 Charles Kraft; Margey, 194.41, '^^.S. Portland, W. 
 Carstens ; Mountaineer, 52.94, 1883, Chinook, C. 
 A. F. McLaine : May Queen, 47.99, i886, Seattle, 
 
 ,ttle, aud in. ikes 
 
 Lena Maud, 36.48, 1887, Lake Washington, 
 Bay, C. Brotsch ; Lillie, 86.80, 1887, Seattle, 
 ester; Multnomah, 278.25, 1885, East Portland, 
 iv. Jones ; Mary Kraft, 36.60, 1890, Seattle, 
 L. Stetson; Monte Cristo, 126.08, 1891, Ballard, Henry 
 D. Stimson ; Mollie /Sleeker, 238.72, 1889, Tacoma, 
 Peter C. Kildell ; Mary F. Pcrley, 127.58, 1888, Point 
 Williams, Thomas Redding; Nootsack, 35.93, 1888, Lynden, Eugene T. Smith; Otter, 104.27, 1874, Portland, 
 R. G. Brown ; Rip Van Winkle, 21.08, 1877, Astoria, 1). N. Holden ; State of Washington, 449.68, i.SSg, Tacoma, 
 W. O. Chapman; Skagit Chief, 241.17, 1887, Tacoma, W. O. Chapman; Snogralmic, 69.87, i8yo, .Seattle, 
 City of Seattle; Doctor. 20.25, '8go, Olynipia, John Cromb ; Virgil T. Price, 21.07, '•'^92, Seattle, F. X. Price; 
 l(7///(?, 55.94, 1883, Seattle, Samuel L. Willey; Wasco, 214.59, '887, Hood River, Samuel A. Hoyt ; Zephyr, 
 109.75, 1871, Seattle, William Hansen ; Bailey Gatzert, 444.32, 1890, Ballard, U. B. .Scott ; Thomas A. Nixon, 
 477.48, 1888, Pasco, A. W. Kreek ; Abe Perkins, 8.19, 1890, Seattle, R. W. Riddle; Alta, 5.81, 1890, Eagle 
 Harbor, John Rus.sell ; Albert Lea, 10.38, 188S, Gig Harbor, C. S. Bridges; Augusta, 12.70, 1882, t-eattle, J. A. 
 Finch; /iessie, 8.25, 1886, Tacoma, George S. Brown; /Hue Star, 16.25, 1892, Tacoma, Peter Foss ; Ci/y of 
 l.alona, 12.01, 1890, Seattle, O. Mitchelson ; Des Moines, 15.75, 1889, Tacoma, .M. C. Wright; /luck Hunter, 
 7.18, 1885, Utsalady, \V. J. Cattel ; E. M. Gill, 13.55, '895, Vaughn, John C. Gill : /uiith E., 1603, Houghton, 
 A. F. Haas; Halys. 6.82, 18,86, .\storia, M G. Buckle.\ ; /nivorite, (7.11, 1888, Vashon I.sland, H. N. Morri.son ; 
 Hornet, 7.61, 1890, Seattle, A. P. .Spaulding ; fcssie. 5.91, 1881, Seattle, George S. Allen ; /\athcrine, 14.25, 1890, 
 Poiiliac, J. C. O'Connor; /.atona, 13.19, 1890, Seattle, C. P. Stone; Laura, 8.10, 1891, Alaska, M. L. .Sprague ; 
 Mocking llird, 15.79. 1889, Tacoma, V,. V>. Ferris; .l/ay/louer, 16.04, 1894, Seattle, W.J.Stevenson; Maggie //. 
 Yiirro, 10.86, 1892, Seattle, J. M. Downs; Mikado. 19.90, 1886, Portland, C. E. Bergman; /'rogress, 8.41, 1891, 
 .\l)trdeen, D. W. Do1)bins ; /Jutland. 16.22, 18H3, Portland, M. C. Thompson; Quickstep. 11.89, 18S2, Astoria, 
 (). H. Hansen; Regie, 10.45, 1890, Chicago, M. Bell; /bustler, 15.33, 1887, Hoquiam, G. H. Emerson; Success, 
 6.57, 1886, Utsalady, Frank Mayo; Sophia, 16.54, 1S84, Lake Bay, F. W. Bibbins ; Villic, 16.76, 18S3, Seattle, 
 J. A. Carr ; Violet, 8.56, 1887, Seattle, W. J. Stevenson ; Cyrene, 15.03, L. J. Coleman ; liarks Ceylon, 646.95, 
 1S56, Boston, Rufus Calhoun ; ^'arondelet, 1,376.03, 1872, Newcastle, Me., Cyrus Walker ; Cou/itz, 740.22, 1881, 
 Huh, Me., Cyrus Walker ; /'resno. i,i.S7.02, 1874, Bath, Me., Cyrus Walker; Matilda. 81932, 1857, Searsport, 
 Ml'., Rufus Calhoun; Richard ///., 954.08, 1859, Portsmouth, N. H., James Mclntyre ; Vopgallant, 1,228.61, 
 iSfi3, East Boston, Mass., William Rcnton ; Coryphene, 771.01, i 178, Millbridge, Me., G. W. Hume; /inoch 
 t'albot, 1,193,52, 1889, San Francisco, Iv E. Kentfield ; I /ope, 75; 76, 1862, Bucksport, Me., W. Iv HoUaway ; 
 Melrose, 943.70, 1863, Jvist Boston, Ma.ss., J. Schoeiifield ; Snoic C'' /iurgess, 1,577.57, 1878, Thomaston, Me., 
 A. P. Lorentzen ; Harvester. 1,428.32, 1875. Bath, Me., A. P. Lorentzen ; Arcturus, 1,007.21, 1866, Kennebunk, 
 Ml-., E. p. Blake; Arkwright. 1,209.95, ''^.SS, Portsmouth, N. H., Cyrus Walker; /ioiianza, 1,292.72, 1875. Bath, 
 Ml-., Cyrus Walker ; Canada, 1,144.66, 1859, Bath, Me., W. H. Han.son ; fames Chcslon, 948.45, 1854, Baltimore, 
 C\ rus Walker; .Uary Glover. 700.70, 1S49, Boston, C. A. Moore; A'onanlum, 1,099.59, 1866, Newburyport, 
 Muss., H. L. Vesler ; Northwest, 489.52, 1868, Port Madison, H. L. Vesler ; Oakland, 507.72, 1865 Bath, Me., 
 
 '^Ru-liard S. UobiiisDii, engineer, was luirn in New York ill iSb6 and I'oiiiiiiL'iioed his iiiariiit- Miirk 011 the Atliimi:' Cmisl wlu-ii 
 ii iioy. He came lo llie I'aciru- Ciiasl in kSSs and was lirsl en^aijed on the liiK Tdcotiui as <leekliand and afterward, on tl\j Moiiiil 
 and /.ephyr, and as nrenian on tile steamers liliza Andeison and Idaho. In 1891 he bnilt the Bteiuner .•/. A'. Robimon, wiih wh., li 
 In has since been i-onnectcd. 
 
 Ill I'M 
 
 '! r . 
 
 % 
 
 !:. i 
 
 1 *' 
 
398 
 
 Lewis c? Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 W. P. .Sayward ; Palmyra, 1,299.30, 1876, Bath, Me., Cyrus Walker; R. K. Ham, 541.83, 1874, Port Blakely, 
 William Reiiton ; Saj^amore, 1,274.46, 1856, Portsmouth, N. H., Cyrus Walker ; Sliirky, 996.62, 1850, Medfonl, 
 Mass., W. H. Hau.son ; Tidal Wave, 573.24, 1869, Port Madison, H. h. Ye.sler ; Videtle, 585.86, 1864, Bath, Mc, 
 H. L. Yesler ; Memnoii, 806.66, 1858, Boston, Leon Btum ; Templar, 910.48, 1858, Medford, Mass., J. I). 
 Cornwall; ships Guardian, 1,072.55, 1863, Daniari.scotta. Me., K. P. Blake; Prussia, 1,172.03, 1868, Bath, Mu., 
 William Renton ; Pelle O'Prien, 1,807.77, 1S75, Tlioraaston, Me., Ivdward O'Brien; Commodore, 1,909.06, 1879, 
 Yarmouth, Me., N. A. Boole; Eclipse, 1,535.5.^, 1878, Bath, Me., Andrew Anderson ; C. F. Sargent, 1,638.21, 
 1874, Yarmouth, Me., George Iv. Plummer ; I'atlcy Porge, 1,226.35, 1862, Pittston, Me., W. A. Boole; Dashing; 
 Wave, 1,012.14, 1853, Portsmouth, N. H., VV. H. Hanson; Jeremiah Thompson, 1,831.25, 1854, Williamslnirt;, 
 N. Y., C. A. Moore ; Mercury, 1,098.38, 1851, New York, William Renton ; barkentines Amelia, 378.07, i.Syn, 
 Coos Bay, J. A. Campbell ; Charles /•' Crocker, 812.59, 1890, Alameda, John Simpson ; Catherine Sudden, ^iCyy.sT. 
 1S78, Port Ludlow, K. N. Holmes; ( iconic C. Perkins, 369.18, 1880, Coos Bay, H. Ackerman ; John Smith, 
 564.53, 1882, Port Blakely, E. Nel.son ; k'atie Plickinger, 448.84, 1876, Seattle, S. B.Peterson; Modoc, ^it^.-i^.. 
 1873, Utsalady, P. Basoh ; Wrestler. 447.13, 1880, Port Ludlow, W. G. Hall;/. M. Griffiths, 574.98, 1882, 
 Seabeck, E. P. Blake: Klickitat, 468.59, 18S1, Coos Hay, Cyrus Walker; Retriever, 530.82, 1881, Seabeck, IC 1". 
 Blake; brig I.udlo-,c, 4i,S 76, 1S89. Port Gamble, J H. Stet.son ; .schooners American Ranger, 21.66, iH.s;, 
 Dewalto, Karl Halyer ; C. C. Perkins, 25.38, 1874, Seattle, Dokobiss (Indian) ; Cora May, 12.43 1888, Seattle, 
 C. W. Carter; Emily, 19.22, 18S4. Deception Pass, Benjamin Vk; Jennie, 15.03, 1875, San Francisco, John 
 Elwood ; Nootka, 10.03, 18S6, Port Blakely, Indian Charley ; North Star, 8.53, 1889, San Juan, B. S. Haniia ; 
 Rustler, 46.05, 1883, East Sound, J. N. Fry; Siena. 26.49, 1854, Marysville, Cal., Thomas Carlyle ; Spokane. 
 613.43, 1890, Port Blakely, Cyrus Walker; Teaser. 33.27, 1S74, Cascades, Or, S. Baxter; Alice Cook, 732.07, 
 1 89 1, Port Blakely, A. H. Higgins ; Carrier Po:e. 672.19, 1890, Jacob Jensen; Cornelius. 14.17, 1884, San 
 Francisco, William Ellis; Governor Ames, 1,689.84, i8,SS, Waldborough, Me., C. H. IJavis ; R'ing- Cyrus, 667.19, 
 1S90, Port Blakely, James Tuft ; Ponis, S19.80, 1888, Xorth Bend, Or., Samuel Perkins; Prosper, 562.54, 1891, 
 Port Blakely, H. Madison; Peerless, 232.65, 1878. Garden City, Or., James Tuft; Robert Searfcs, 578.05, 188.S, 
 Port Blakely, James Tuft; Sophia Sutherland, 148.97, 1889, Tacoma, C. E. S. Wood; William F. Witzmanii. 
 449.55, 1887, Fairhaven, Cal.. James Madison ; Anaconda, 40.09. 1891, Seattle, Andrew Lawson ; Allie /. .I(i;cr, 
 75.45, 1886, Seattle, J. C Nivon ; En/nictt Felit~, 30.93, 1891, Seattle, Fred E.Sander; George lf7/('/r, 35.72, 
 1890, Port Madison J. Chenowith ; Henry Dennis, 91.55, 1883, Essex, Mass., J. C. Nixon; Helen, 27.82, 1892, 
 Seattle, E. Simpson ; James G. Swan, 44.33, C. Peterson ; Lottie, 28.69, 1S68, Utsalady, J. Clapanhoo ; Maggie, 
 30.26, 1878, Samish, G. F. Hess; Moonlight. 68.22, 1890, Siu.slaw, Al Ingles; Mary Parker, 58.50, i,S76, 
 Utsalady, W. Irving; Matilda, 2^.21, 1892, Port Angeles, P. F. Nordy ; Osprey, 34.53, 1892, Ballard. J. W. 
 Sutton ; Prosper. 23.20, 1892, Anacoues, George Linn ; Willard Ainsworth. 40.02, 1892, Seattle, W. O. Decker: 
 G. W. Watson, \-x,o.\^, 1890, Fairhaven, Albert Rov ; Lena Sweazey, 243.85, 1883, Eureka, Cal., W. J.Sweazey. 
 
 The following small schooners and 
 •sloops are also registered at Port 
 Townsend : Wave. Young & Marble. 
 Alexandra, .imateur, Annie Gray. 
 August Anine. Annie, Alice, .IniKi. 
 Battie, [iirdie. liig Six, Cora, Cliini 
 Pell, Caroline, Commodore. Dart, Echo. 
 Enterprise, Fearless. Finland. Floni. 
 Gypsy, Gyda, Hero, /nduslry. Idler. 
 Juno. Lady George, Lillic, LiUioii 
 Starr, Marnueritc, Mist, Afargarcl, 
 .Uaring, Mayflo;,cr, Morning Star. 
 Mc/^aren, Mary E., Never Touched 
 Me, A'ever Mind, Ohio, Olof Johnson. 
 Pilgrim, Puritan, Prospector, Rocka- 
 way, Sehome, Sunfish, Schuttee, Scii 
 Gull, Tyee, Top, V'enia, Vivian, Vioht. 
 W.&F., Wabash, Wanderer, Eswrt 
 and Marjorie. The figures given :is 
 year when built are taken from the records, but in a few cases apply to the year when the ves.sel was last rebuilt. 
 Of the foregoing fleet the following vessels were built on the Sound this year : At Ballard — the sternwheekr 
 Florence Henry, seventy feet long and eighteen feet beam, for Capt. T. H. McMillan,"' in twenty-five days, liy 
 
 ST1.:.\M|.:R "(lEOKfilK OAKKH" ON CM-HK I>*Al.hNl.; I.AKK 
 
 '"Capt. T. H McMillan of Siiolioiiiisli, Wasli., was horn in Oregon in 185S and commenced steanilionting on I'uget Soiiml ,is 
 decklianil on tlie slcimer t'DWC/ in 1.S78. He afterward ran as male on llie steamers yo.vt'/iAiwc, (iem, l.illic, City 0/ Qiiiiicr .\a>\ 
 Cascotii-s. and was .ilso master of tile latter steamer and the (ileaiiti. He constrncted the steamers Mamie and Indiana, which lie 
 operated on the .Sk.agit ronte, afterward taking charge of the Florence Henry. About two years ago he completed the steamer IliIhk 
 which he has since handled. 
 
Retirement of the Oregon Railway c? /Navigation Company from Puget Sound 
 
 399 
 
 I'll 
 
 John J. Holland ; the Monticello, a propeller one hundred and thirty feet long, with triple compound engines 
 livelve, eighteen and twenty-eight and one-half by fourteen inches, for /. J. Hatch & Hrother by Iv. Sorensen ; the 
 hiand Belle, length one hundiad and one feet, beam twenty-six feet, and depth of hold seven feet one inch ; the 
 t'Caver, a propeller forty-eight feet six inches long, fifteen feet beam, and six feet hold ; the Stiinson, forty-nine feet 
 long, fourteen feet beam, and four feet nine inches hold ; the Augiisla, length forty-four feet, beam eleven feet, 
 iiiid depth four feet five inches. At Seattle— the stern wheeler Ellis for Capt. W. H. Kllis, who operated her until 
 December, 1893, when she was destroyed by fire at Sydney, Wash.; the Winifred, and the steam launches liuy, 
 Laura, Milton and Lemolo. 
 .\t Tacoma — the liliie Star, 
 iLMigth fifty-five feet, beam 
 thirteen feet six inches, depth 
 five feet three inches, and the 
 liuinches lidith M. and I'rcda. 
 Robert Airey constructed the 
 handsome little steamer City 
 of Stantcood at Stanwood, run- 
 ning her between there and 
 Seattle. vShe was one hundred 
 and one feet long, twenty-four 
 feet three inches beam, and 
 five feet three inches hold, 
 ami performed excellent ser- 
 vice until January, 1M94, when 
 she was destroyed by fire at 
 Tort Susan. The Minnie M., 
 liiiglh sixty-five feet, beam 
 fil'leen feet six inches, and 
 depth three feet, was built at 
 Snohomish ; the Progress, a 
 propeller thi rty- three feet 
 long, at Aberdeen ; the Toiwo, of about the .same dimensions, at Gray's Harbor; and the 'J liislle, forty-seven feet 
 long, nine feet beam, and three feet six inches hold, at Hocjuiam. 
 
 A large sternwheeler, equipped with all modern appliances, was put together at St. Michael's Island, eight 
 hundred miles north of Unalaska. The framework was constructed at Capt. J. J. Holland's yard in Ballard, 
 and, with the machinery, ways and equipments, placed aboard the steam .schooner Alice lllanchard, Capt. Frank 
 Worth, which sa'Ud from Seattle, July (Jth, with Captain Holland and ship carpenters Jo.seph I'ickard, 
 William Kehal, Kd Holsworth, J. Harrigan, Samuel Crosset, A. Trudell, William Forrester, John McMuUin, 
 J. Grant, O. Nelson, William McConnell, and four others. They were accompanied by P. 15. Weare, president, 
 and Capt. J. J. Healey, manager, of the North American Tran.sportation & Trading Company, owners of the 
 steamer, and Capt. J. C. Barr, who was to take command. The Alice [ilancliard' s machinery became disabled on 
 llie trip, and she was twenty-seven days reaching the island, which is one of the Aleutian group. The Alaska 
 Commercial Company had a trading station there and refused to give the new arrivals a site on which to complete 
 the .steamer ; but they afterward found a place on the east side of the island, and, after constructing a forty-foot 
 scow, succeeded in landing their machinery and merchandi.se and commenced work on the steamer .\ngust nth, 
 iMiuiching her September 15th. She was christened the/'. B. Weare m\<\. at once started on her trip of sixteen 
 liundred miles up the Yukon River to Forty-mile Creek. The mouth of the Yukon was sixty miles from 
 Si. Michael's Island, which was the only harbor north of Unalaska in Bering Sea. The nearest timber was one 
 tliou.sand miles up the Yukon, steamers plying on the lower portion of that river depending for fuel on driftwood 
 caught by the Indians. The P. />'. Weare, which is the largest steamer on the river, is one hundred and 
 s<.venty-five feet long, twenty-eight feet beam, and four feet six inches hold, and the next in importance is the 
 .//(//(', a sternwheeler of about 175 tons. The )'u/co>i, St. Mictiael, A'e<c A'acirt, ILxflorer and Cora are smaller 
 sluamers plying on the lower part of the river. The Northern Pacific Railroad Company, which had purcha.sed 
 thcj steamboat interests of Capt. I. B. Sanborn on Lake Cieur d'Alene, in 189J replaced the pioneer steamer 
 Cii iir d' Alene with the Ge^rgie Oakes, length one hundred and fifty feet and beam twenty-eight feel, with engines 
 sixteen by seventy-two inches. She was designed by Capt. I. B. Sanborn, and every detail of her construction 
 WIS under his personal supervision. The result was one of the fastest .steamers in the Northwest, covering with 
 ease eighteen miles an hour. She has been regularh engaged between Cieur d'Alene and the old Mission, making 
 a daily round trip handled by Captain Sanborn, with J. L. Campbell, pilot, and George W. "Groves,'" engineer. 
 
 HK.NHV I'AI'K 
 
 SIKAMKK "SaHAII I)IX4)N" 
 
 Capt. Okoki-.e M. Shas'kh 
 
 I 
 
 *• 
 
 ' J 
 
 UVeorgt" W. Clroves, engineer, was born in CohMnbus, Oliio, in 1S67, and connnenced his marine ser- iCe on the iicncral 
 ■•■I man on I.akc Cieur il' Alene in 1SS6. He was afterward ou the steamers .linelia H'lieaton and /\oolciiai and is at present cliief 
 I'Dnmeer of the 0'eorg:a Oates. 
 
 S/: 
 
 ij 
 
400 
 
 Lewis cj Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific fJorthwest 
 
 "^^dBS^n 
 
 Stkamkr ■'Ciiu-kat" 
 
 Inspectors Kdwarils and McDeriiiott of the Willamette district liad their field extended far into the interiiir 
 in 1892, when the sternwlieeler Aniifily was launched at Jctininns, Mont., to ply on the Kootenai River lietwi'i'ii 
 that place and Fort Steele. The steamer was about one hundred tons burden and was owned by Jones & Depiiv. 
 Capt. J. D. Miller had command in 1S94. The sternwlieeler Slalf of Idaho, the best steamer yet constructed nn 
 the Kootenai, was al.so built for that trade in i.SyJ, at lioinier's Kerry, by Depny, I.annen & Rutter. On lier 
 first trip she ran ashore near 
 
 Ainsworth, B. C, receiving . , . ^ 
 
 slight damages to her bow, 
 which caused her to sink. 
 The captain called a survey, 
 and, deeming her a hopeless 
 wreck, sold her at auction. 
 She was bid in by a passenger 
 for 5350. although she had 
 cost ovci il.'u.ooo. The for- 
 tunate purchaser was offered 
 several thousand dollars for 
 his bargain by the Columbia 
 & Kootenai Steam Naviga- 
 tion Company, but liecanie 
 excited over his good luck 
 and determined to rai.se her 
 himself. Knowing nothing 
 about the business, he spent 
 a small fortune before she 
 was again afloat. Legal com- 
 plications then arose, and as 
 late as December, 1S94, the steamer was still tied up at Nelson. The Shavers, who had completed the G. W. 
 Shaver to handle their increasing business on the Clat.skanine route a few years ago, in i,S92 increased their fleet 
 with the Sarah Dixon, one of the most perfectly eiiuipped steamers for her size on the river. She was one 
 
 hundred and forty-five feet long, twenty-six feet beam, and six fcit 
 f — . > hold, with engines fourteen by eighty-four inches, and was equipped 
 
 with steam .steering gear, hoisting engines, electric lights and all 
 modern appliances, costing complete $,^5,000. The hull was built liy 
 Johnson & Olson, the cabin by Capt. Charles Bureau, the engines were 
 from the Iowa Iron Works of Dnbufiue, and the boiler was made by 
 James Monks of Portland. George M. Shaver'" was placed in charge, 
 with Henry Tape, chief engineer. The steamer was on the Clatskaniiic 
 route until 1H94, when she connnenced running to Astoria. The 
 Oregon City Transportation Company added to their fleet the /uinioiiii, 
 a sternwlieeler uiic hundred feet long, eighteen feet three inches beam, 
 and five feet hold, with engines eleven and oiie-<iuarter by thirty-six 
 inches. She was fitted out especially for passenger service and had 
 the finest cabin of any steamer on the Willamette. She remained in 
 the Oregon City trade until 1.S94, when she commenced running on llie 
 upper Willamette. Capt. A. J. Spong has coinnianded her most of the 
 time since her completion, with Horace Campbell, chief engineer, aiul 
 !•;. Wynkoop, purser. The Ilaltif Ihllr, length one hundred and tin 
 feet, beam twenty-four feet, and depth of hold four feet five inches, 
 was constructed at Portland by Capt. M. A. Hackett, who operated liir 
 as a towboat until i>S94, when she was secured by the Hosfords, wlio 
 used her on the Cascade route in connection with the lone, whicli wis 
 freiiuently on the bottom of the river. John H. Dove and brother built 
 the sternwlieeler A'. ( . )'oii>ii; at Salem in i8i)2. She was handled Ijv 
 Capt. Robert C. Young until July 22d, when she burned to the water's edge at Dove's Landing. 
 
 The /lisnianl;, one hundred and four feet long, twenty feet beam, and four feet four inches hold, with 
 engines eleven by thirty-six inches, was completed in 1892 for the Lewis and Lake rivers trade. She was so 
 
 iJAVm MOKUAN 
 
 "•Capt. Cedrm' M. Sliavir was liorii in I'ortlai '. Or., in iSfi5, anil he^nn .slcanihoatinK in 1SS4 witli his liiolher, Capt. Jaim'S 
 Shaver, on the .'A7H-rt«///i) as ik'iklianil anil tlien as male lie tonk cinnmainl of the Miinzatiillo in iSSh anil ran allernateh :is 
 master anil jmrser nnlil the building of the (.'ivifrf II'. .S'/kko . He was eiiijaKeil as purser on tlie new .steamer utiti' tile S.ii.'li 
 Di.xon was eouipleteil, ami was llien appointed master of the (,'torjre IV. .S/i,nvi, which he has since successfully coiiitr ed. 
 
Retirement of the Oregon Railway cf Navigation Company from Paget Sotiml 
 
 401 
 
 p the iiiti'iior 
 ver l)t't\vi'cii 
 es & Depiiv. 
 iistructed on 
 ter. On lier 
 
 f 
 
 f 
 
 d the (;. u: 
 
 sed their fleet 
 
 She was one 
 
 and six foil 
 
 vas equippt'd 
 
 ghts and all 
 
 was biiilt liy 
 
 engines were 
 
 ,vas made by 
 
 ed in charge. 
 
 Clatskaniiie 
 
 storia. The 
 
 the Raiiioiui. 
 
 ndies beam, 
 
 l)y thirty-six 
 
 •ice and bail 
 
 remained in 
 
 niiiiig on the 
 
 •r most of Ihe 
 
 ngineer, and 
 
 dred and ten 
 
 five inches, 
 
 operated her 
 
 :osfords, wlio 
 
 whicli w.is 
 
 brother bnilt 
 
 handled by 
 
 ^s hold, with 
 She was so 
 
 LT, Capl^ Jaim-s 
 
 allerimli'ly ;is 
 
 iiiti' tlie Siii:ili 
 
 cd. 
 
 Cait. a. K. Cans 
 
 poorly constructed that she soon bankrupted her builder and for the past two years lias been jobbing around 
 
 I'ortland in charge of a receiver. The propeller }''u/ix' .hnm'rii, length eighty-eight feet, beam thirteen feet, 
 
 depth four feet five inciies, witli engines eleven atul one-fourth by ten inches, was launched at I'ortland and has 
 
 since been operated in the towing and jobbing trade by Capt, James (iood. On the lower Columbia the propeller 
 
 (,iii<r was ,set afloat at Skamockawa by Colwell Hrotliers, the (Juivii by William Worsley iS: Co., and the A'. A. 
 
 Payer by William Rehfield. The latter is sixty feet long, seventeen feet 
 
 lieain, and five feet nine inches hold, with engines ten and twelve by 1 
 
 twelve inches, and the Qitcfii is sixty-four feet long, sixteen feet beam, 
 
 and six feet two inches hold, with engines twelve by twelve inches. The 
 
 jiiopeller Inna was built at Hood River by Capt, H, C. Coe, the Inland 
 
 .S?,;; at The Dalles by J. \\. Condon, the i'aiii,- /■'. at Kelso, the Vohuila 
 
 at Oneatta for .service on Ya(iuina Hay, and the /'awn at Marshfield. 
 
 The steamer Chilkal, which Capt. David Morgan constructed at Astoria 
 
 for work in coiuiection with his cannery, was rebuilt at Tortland in i8i;2 
 
 and ei|uipped with passenger accommodations. She is one hundred and 
 
 five feet long, twenty feet five inches beam, and seven feet five inches 
 
 hold, and soon after completion commenced running to Al.aska, where 
 
 lier owner was interested in one of the largest canneries, which furnished 
 
 sntTicienl business to pay her running expenses. I'a.s.sengcr rates were 
 
 reduced, and, as the steamer was speedy and comfortable, she made 
 
 serious inroads in the revenues of the Pacific Coast Steamship Company, 
 
 and, unlike any opposition they had hitherto encountered, could not be 
 
 bought or run off the route. Capt. Charles Carl.sen handled her until 
 
 i.Si)4, when he died suddenly at Seattle. He was succeeded by H, A. 
 
 Matthews, and recently J. \V. Mc.Vlle)) has had charge. L. Jensen has 
 
 been pilot for the jiast few years. 
 
 The first lightship on the I'acific Coast, the Columbia Riirr No. fo, built by the I'nion Iron Works of vSaii 
 
 Francisco, was i)laced in service otT the nunith of the Columbia in i.Sijj. She is one hundred and twelve feet 
 
 long, twenty-six feet seven inches beam, twelve feet eiglit inches hold, and has a steel frame with wood 
 
 pluiking. The floors, keelson, stringers, beams and keel plate are of steel, while the stem sternpost, keel and 
 
 rudder are of white oak. The planking and deail wood are Ooorgia iiiiie an<l the sheathing of white oak. The 
 
 vessel has no propelling jiower except 
 her sails, but is e(pii))ped with two 
 horizontal, return tubular boilers to 
 furnish steam for blowing a twelve- 
 inch fog whistle during thick weather 
 and for hoisting the lights on the 
 masts, liacli of tlie.sc is composed of 
 six large lamps encircling the masts, 
 so that, no matter from what ])oiiit 
 she is sighted, they are never hidden. 
 During the daytime the lights are 
 lowered into a room built around 
 each mast and opening at the top to 
 admit the lights, but closing again, 
 air and water tight, when they have 
 ' Jen lowered or raised. During the 
 nay the craft is easily recognized by- 
 two large, red lattice-work circles, 
 located on the masts above the |)lace 
 ] where the lamps hang at night. The 
 
 1- 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 1 
 I- J 
 
 J 
 
 ^-x^—U 
 
 1 fii 1 'jj 
 
 k 
 
 m 
 
 \ 
 
 w ^\ 
 
 \^ 
 
 ■*>*=■ 
 
 
 CoMMiiiA Kivi-:k I.k.ii I'siiir 
 
 vessel was towed from San Francisco by the tug Fearless, Capt. Dan H. Haskell," and went into .service in charge 
 
 '''Capt. I). H. Haskell of Sail I'miiciseo. while iinl exactly a Nortlnveslerti marine man, is well known personally or l)v 
 rt'i'utalion to every tii^boatin.-in on the I'aeitie Coast. He was horn in Maine in iS^^ and he^,an sailing on the .\llantie while a hoy, 
 I'luuin^ to this Coast for the first time in iSfiS as mate on the ship Coninunlort'. He was ne\t <)n the Xttnhhi^, and then joineil the 
 I'.iiilic Mail ste.nners rnnnin;.; to China, nncl Ironi there went to the U'illiiiiii '/'ahor >n the Panama r(nite. He was willi Ciooil.ill, 
 I'tikins ^: Co. tor several years, and was then master of the tn^ Mitlrtt t>ri(fi/fi for seven and one-half years. Captain Haskell then 
 sii|ierinieiidccl the hnildin^' of the tn^ . //<;/, ami on eomplelion ran her for ,1 year. l'"rom the .lleil he went ICast ami ^^nper;ntenlled 
 tilt- huihlin^ of the tnj; AVY/r'/'at Cramp's shipyard, riiiladelphia, and hroii^hi her to .San I'raneiseo in 1.SS4. t)n his arrival Spreekels 
 liail arraimed for the hnildini; of the tiiK .Ic/ive at the t'nion Iron Works. San l-'raneiseo, and Captain Haskell was ap]iointed to 
 superintend her ettnstrnetion. When slu* was eompleted he went haek to the /\t'/it'/\ where he remained nntil he took eliar^;e tn' the 
 ronstrnetion of the Fear/i'ss at the I'nion Iron Works, one of the finest tnnhoals in the world, and whieh he has eotnmanded siiiee 
 she was launched in iSg2. 
 
 !■; 
 
 iH 
 
 ii'i 
 
 '■■ I 
 
402 
 
 Lewis <J Dryden's Marine History of the Paoiflo Northwest 
 
 Stkamkh "Joan " 
 
 captain, and W. O. Owen, first officer. A 
 retained, with Gordon F. Grant, engineer. 
 
 of A. E. Cann,"' captain ; Henderson, first officer ; Albert Ross, chief engineer. Captain Cann is still in charRe, 
 and James Scott succeeded Ross. The lightship was located a few miles west of the whistling buoy, remaining; 
 there until 1S94, when it was moved about two miles south, bringing it nearer to the track of ve.s.sels approaching 
 the Colunii)ia River. The pre.sence of this sentinel of the deep has practically closed that long list of disasters to 
 vessels caught in the northerly current and swept to destruction on the weather beach while approaching the 
 Columbia in bad weather. The immense strength of the lightship has l)een thoroughly tested by many violent 
 storms since she went into commission, but she has held her place and come through the fiercest gales uninjured. 
 The old steamer hab-l, which the Dunsmuirs had been operating on the east coast route out of Victoria, 
 was replaced in 1892 by the Joan, a band.some propeller about one hundred and fifty feet long and thirty feet 
 
 beam, with engines sixteen and thirty-two 
 by twenty-four inches. The steamer was 
 
 Ir? ' , placed in command of Captain Butler, who 
 
 _! ' ,i remained with her until 1894, when he was 
 
 .■ . Jt^j^-iijiJ KJ^iiifcMAlilB.'., V . appointed regular pilot in the Victoria district 
 
 yMHMBi|H^H|H^^^HK4J^^<,,^^''^^j^ jft..JC ""'' ^^■^ .succeeded by Capt. W. D. Owen.' 
 
 Another pioneer of even greater age than the 
 Isabel was relegated to the rear in 1S92, the 
 Government steamer .S/> James Douglas 
 having a succes.sor in the Quadra, which 
 arrived from Scotland, January 4th, in 
 charge of J. A. Walbran, commander ; Gage, 
 first officer; Hodgert, chief engineer. The 
 Quadra is two hundred and twelve feet long, 
 twenty-one feet beam, and thirteen feet six 
 inches hold, with a twelve-foot propeller, and 
 was put in commission with James Gaudin, 
 few months later Walbran resumed command, which he has since 
 The Union Steamship Company increased their fleet in 1892 with 
 the Coqiiillam, a steel propeller one hundred and twenty-.seven feet long, twenty-two feet beam, and nine feet 
 six inches hold, net registered tonnage 165, with engines thirteen and one-fourth and twenty-six by eighteen 
 inches. The vessel was shipped from Scotland in sections and put together in Vancouver under the supervision 
 of H. Darling. She is a very economical freighter, having a .speed of nine mites per hour on a coal consumption 
 of four tons in twenty-four hours. She was sent north as a tender to the sealing fleet in June and was seized liy 
 the United States Government, who confiscated her (.see steamer Coqiiillam, Chapter XXI). The steamer 
 Courser was launched at Westminster in February for Captain Cooper, who intended her for the Chilliwack 
 trade. The Queen, a square-built vessel sixty feet long and twelve feet beam, with machinery from the La<ly 
 Diifferin, was built at Kamloops for local .service. She was owned by J. E. Saucier, and Capt. James Ritchie wa.s 
 in command. She went skyward in a terrible explo.sion, July 4, 1894 ^'^^ wreck of steamer Queen). The Lower 
 Fra.ser River Transportation Company was organized at New Westminster by Capt. Richard H. Baker, ■'' Joseph 
 B. Oliver,' D. Hennesey and Captain Holman. They constructed the steniwheeler Telefihoue in February, 1892, 
 and, on finding her too small, a j-ear later completed the .steamer Edgar, which Captain Haker has since handled. 
 While the Canadian Pacific Railway Company's steamships were by far the finest of their class, and h.id 
 immense carrying capacity, several other large steamships found profitable employment in the trade in which that 
 
 ■■'Capt. A. E. Cann i.s a native of Maine, and naturally enough comuienceit following the sea when qnite vounK- He coaslccl 
 for a short time on the Atlantic and then entered the deep-water .service, where in dne season he reached the qnarler deck. He canii' 
 to Astoria about twelve years ago, and, finding employment at the mouth of the Columbia, abandoned deep water, lie served for a 
 while on bar tugs, ami was afterward masler of a number of small steamers running out of Astoria. He was also in charge of Uic 
 pilot schooner stationed olT the mouth of the Columbia River, and, when the lightship Coliiinhia Rizir A'». 50 was placed in 
 position, he was given command, which he still holds. 
 
 " Capt. \V. I). Owen of Victoria, I). C, was born in Liverpool in iS66 and has been engaged in marine work in the Nortlnvi-1 
 since 18.S6, his first position being on the f.i'oiinra. He was four years with tugboats at Vancouver, and then went to the steamer 
 Joan at Victoria, serving there for over two years as mate, with the exception of a short time when he was masler of the steamer 
 Isabel. He afterward commanded theyui7«. 
 
 •'•Capt. Richard H. Baker of New Westminster, H. C. was born in Dartmouth, Knglanil, in 1S44, and entered the Brilisli 
 Navy at the age of twenty, coming to the Pacific Coast in 1S65 on H. M. S. Frigate. He remained in the naval service until 1.^70, 
 when he purchased his discharge ami remained ashore for a year at Victoria. He then began running as engineer and was for 
 five years on the .Sea /uuiiii, Chinamati, Lillie and Leonora. He was next second assistant engineer on the Etta IVIiite for a ft'u 
 months and then fitted up the machinery for a cannery and the Royal City Mills. He remained with the mill company for eii;lil 
 years, running as engineer on the Stella, l.illie, Gyfisy and Hell, and as master of the tug Comet. In I'ebrnary, 1.S92, he left tlic 
 employ of that company and organized the Lower I'raser River Transportation Company, composed of Joseph It. Oliver, I). Ilenuesev, 
 Captain Holman and himself. They began with the steamer Telephone, but soon found her too small for the business and a year later 
 built the steamer lulgar, which Captain Baker has since commanded. 
 
 •'■^Joseph B. Oliver, engineer, was born in England in 1.S36. He served his apprenticeship at IVnn's factory, (Ireenwicli, lor 
 seven years, and was then an engineer on Thames River towboals for three years, after which he made a trip to China. He iv.is 
 afterward engineer on an Havana blockade-runner for a year and then came to California, where he joined the steamer (loldeu i 'ify 
 as oiler in 1H64, subsequently holding the same position on the Orijiamme. He then went to British Columbia on the .steimar 
 /,aAo«('/r?>-<' and worked for about six years in a sawmill. Since then he has run on the steamers AV/d While, J/(ii,';i;7'c and olhers, 
 anil is engaged at present on the Edgar. 
 
Retirement of the Oregon Railway cf Navigation Company from Pugt't Sound 
 
 403 
 
 Joseph 
 
 He coasU'il 
 
 •k. Ilfl-MllH' 
 
 le served tor a 
 char^^e of tin- 
 k-as placeil in 
 
 company had been a pioneer. The Northern Pacific Railroad Company established a regular line between 
 Tacoma and the Orient, their first steamship, the /'/ira JVaiifr, arriving at Taeoma, June 17th. She was followed 
 by the Jlalavia, Captain Hill, now sailing under the name 7'iuoma. The steamship /'almas was also sent to the 
 Northwest by Samuel Samuels & Co. of Yokohama, who intended to succeed the Upton line. The steamship 
 (irandholm arrived at Vancouver fi-om Kugland, bringing, among other cargo, material for a new steamship for the 
 Union Steamship Company. The /ambcsi made her last trip in the Upton line. The coasting steamship fleet 
 was increased by two lake-built ves.sels, the k'eweeiiaw and flfarkinah'. The former was an iron vessel two 
 hundred and seventy feet long, forty-two feet beam, and twenty-six feet hold, built at West Hay City, Mich., in 
 1891, to run on a new line of steam freighters between New York and the Pacific Coast. While <lesigned almost 
 exclusively for a freighter, she had many new features which were supposed to make her an unusually .seaworthy 
 vessel. Her bottom was round and made of extra heavy steel plate, and about thirty inches above this was a 
 water bottom, the space between the two being divided into sections by the keel and numerous bulkheads, so 
 that, in case of collision, the ve.ssel would still be safe unless the break occurred above the second bottom. The 
 space between these bulkheads was arranged to .serve the purpo.se of tanks, so that, in the event of the cargo 
 shifting or the ship listing from any cause, the .sea cocks on the weather side could be opened, letting in enough 
 water to straighten her. The steamer was too large to pa.ss through the locks in the Welland Canal and had to 
 be cut in two when she reached them. Provision had been made for this, and, by knocking out the rivets in the 
 center, she came apart as though she had been dovetailed together. The forward section was already provided 
 with a bulkhead, and a temporary one was fitted in the other. She was placed in the drydock at Montreal and 
 put together again in as perfect condition as when she was constructed. On her way out she was di.sabled in 
 the Straits of Magellan and was docked at Valparaiso for temporary repairs. On reaching San Francisco the 
 A'lU'ecnajc was chartered by the Black Diamond Coal Company for a year, but after ten months' service was 
 placed on the Panama run, her sister ship, the Maikiiiaw, finishing her contract with the coal company. At the 
 expiration of her Panama contract she began running in the coal trade between Nanaimo and San Franci.sco, 
 continuing thereuntil December, 1S94, when she went to the bottom with the Moiilserral, not a .soul escaping 
 from either vessel. 
 
 Among the sailing craft built in the Northwest in 1892 were : At Hoquiam— the barkentine Clcaiur, length 
 one hundred and fifty-one feet, beam thirty-six feet, depth of hold eleven feet, for A. M. Simp.son. At Port 
 lilakely — tne four-masted .schooners .lloha 
 .S14.74 tons, William liowdcn 778.30, and 
 l.ymati D. Foster 777.64 ; the lionita 78,^4, 
 and San Francisco Pilot Boat No. 7. At 
 Coos Bay — the schooners Prosper 229.30 
 tons, and the //. C. W'alilbiif; 26.95. The 
 latter ves.sel acquired considerable notoriety 
 in 1895 through her seizure at San Diego on 
 a charge of carrying arms to the Hawaiian 
 revolutionists. Sealing schooners were con- 
 structed as follows; .Ichilhs 44.32 tons, at 
 Portland ; Dealiks 42.85, at Seattle ; and 
 W'illard Ains-uortli at Seattle for A. O. 
 Decker, Fdward Cantillion, A. Abbott and 
 1). Crockett. The bark Colorado, 1,035 tons, 
 launched in 1867, was purcha.sed in Boston 
 for the Chemainus Sawmill Company and 
 brought out by Capt. J. S. Gibson. The 
 first drydock built on Puget Sound was set 
 afloat at Port Hadlock, September 30th, 
 Capt. R. W. De I.ion " being the principal 
 owner. The steamer Plyer was the first ves.sel to make use of this convenience after it reached its present 
 location at Quartermaster Harbor (.see illustration on page 342). Several fine schooners, detailed mention of 
 which is made in Chapter XXI, were brought to Victoria from the Atlantic Coast to engage in sealing. 
 
 ST[-:amir " CoyriTl.AM ' 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 
 treenwicli. '"r 
 
 litia. He ^^■'-'' 
 
 Goliliii I .''!■ 
 
 1 tlie stc.Miir 
 
 /> ami ollu'!^. 
 
 ^'Capt. R. W. I)e Lion was born September 10, 1S3S, in one of the provinees ceded to (lennany by I'*rance about one 
 liiindred years hko ; so, although of French parentage, he was born on (lernian soil and owed allej^iance to the German Govcrmncnt. 
 .\t tile aj;e of fonrteeen he connnenced his marine career as cabin boy on a nierchanlman, workinj; u;j mUil he finally became 
 captain and owner of a vessel. In his early life he sailed out of Atlantic ports, but in the latter jiart of tile fifties removed to 
 \'.dparaiso, where he engaj;ed in business and was interested in the operation of several \'essels. Later he went to Callao, Pern, 
 where he remained for several years, becoinint; (|uite prominent in the business affairs of that city. MeetinK with reverses there he 
 a-sumed command of the American bark (>t<i,i;o, in which he arrived on I'ufjet Sound in 1S76. He made a few trips with her in the 
 (I asting trade and then sold her to the I'ort Blakely Mill Company, after which he took up his residence at Tort Towiisend, where 
 f"r fifteen years he was prominently connected with the shippinj^ business of the Sound. He encountered j^reat obstacles in 
 ciiiipleting the immense drydock, and, when he finally carried his plans to a successful termination, the strain proved too great, 
 and, after suffering ill healtli for several months, his mind gave way, and he took his own life in Seattle in 1S94. Captain De Lion 
 w IS an able, energetic man, and his splendid work for the marine interests of I'uget Sound will long be remembered. 
 
■41 
 
 404 
 
 Lewia (J Dr^dan'a Marine Hiatory of the Paoiflo Northweat 
 
 All important event in itmrinu circles on the CoUiinhiu Kiver in 189J was tlie arrival at Astoria and Portland 
 of tlie cruisers /lallimon- and Cliatitsloii, the largest vessels that ever entered the river. Tiiey came to Astoria to 
 participate in the celebration, on May utii, of the hundredtii anniversary of the discovery of the Colutnliia. 
 Tiie attendant ceremonies lasted for three <lays, and the harkeiitine I'/ir/id/is, representing the ship lo/iimhia, niaili.' 
 a tour of the lower hay, anchoring off Chinook I'oint, where painted Indians in lo); canoes paddled out ami 
 offered the " Hostoii men " fish and furs as in olden times. After the celel)ration the //n/Z/w/iix" and (y((i//c.i7,i« 
 were taken to Portland, the former leading tlie way in charge of Pilot William II. Patterson, and the CIi(1i/,-\I.hi 
 following with Pilot William Smith (see illustration on jiage ,vf'). Kach pilot received a hand.some watch frmn 
 the Portland Chamber of Commerce as a testimonial to his skill in safely taking the leviathans so far inland. In 
 connection with this event the Sirakaiie. Wash., A'rrinr pul)lislied the following pertinent comment : 
 
 " It is interi'.stiin! to spfoiilnte upon till- itHtonishiiU'iit llml vviuiM liiivc npi/nl Vaiicoiivcr, or even CH|>tiiin Ciniv. if ?iotti( 
 proptletlc vision liiiil eniililed tlieni to look II century into the future iind licluilcl tile iiiuK<<<l><'i^ut Hpeetacle of two of tile largest 
 wiimliips ill the Americ.in Niivy iisoendiuK fnr into the interior upon this ' niyslerious river of the West,' the Oregon of sonx ami 
 romBUce, the Rio A({niUir of old S|iiinisli charts. The river that \Vashin){(oii Irviujj pronounced navigable only for vessels uiirltr 
 .|<x> tons liurilen now floats. i<ii> miles from its mouth, the Halfiinoii', of |,6<«> tons, the largest, swiftest and co.itliesl warship that 
 Hies the American lla^, and the ('/i<t>/i's/iiii, of |,'it4 tons, therehy ileinonstratiiiK its superioritv over all other rivers of North 
 America. This iiehieveiiient rather throws in the shallow the demonstration made l>y the Coiiconi in ascending to Memphis on the 
 Mississippi River. The Conionl went farther inland, lint she is « lialiy .doiiHsiile the llallimKie and the I /iiit/islon, ret{i»teriiin milv 
 1,700 tons. The commanders of the /i'i;/^////i'»i' and the 'V;(i//,(Ai« say that the Columhia is the only stream in /Vmerica that their 
 vessels could ascend for uxi iiiileH." 
 
 The wreck report for 1892 opened with a disaster strikingly similar to that which had overwhelmed the 
 bark Abtnvni a few years before. The victim in this case was the British bark J'erii(Uili\ en toule from Newcastle 
 to Portland with a cargo of coal. The I'erndale was spoken fifty miles off the Columbia, January 26tli, and was 
 then standing in, but, in the heavy fog which prevailed during the following few days, she was caught in the 
 northerly current. On the morning of the twenty-ninth a fearful gale came on, and she struck the beach at 
 y.ya A. .M. about fifteen miles north of the entrance to Clray's Harbor. Being deeply laden she stnuk a 
 considerable distance from shore and was .soon battered to pieces. In attempting to reach land eighteen of the 
 crew were drowned, and the remaining three were taken from the surf nearer dead than alive by Mrs. lulwanl 
 White, residing near the .scene of the disaster. Tho.se losing their lives were Blair, captain ; Gilby, first mate ; 
 Charles Wright, second mate ; John Fraser, steward ; Moore Wilson, cabin boy ; Charles Johnson, John Anderson, 
 
 Patrick Bootcr, Woods, O'Hricii, 
 , . Holmes, Brown, Webster, and five 
 
 ' "■ other unknown sailors. The 
 
 Standard of Victoria, owned by 
 Commodore John Irving and K. I'. 
 Ritliet, while in route from Naiiaimo 
 to the Skeeiia River, foundered oil 
 Cape Mudge, June I7tli. leaving onlv 
 the chief engineer to tell the sad 
 story. The steamer, in charge ol 
 James Carroll, captain, William 
 .Murray, ' chief engineer, Alexander 
 I.nbin, mate, and Henry Wri^lit. 
 fireman, left X'ictoria, June ifitli, wilh 
 orders to coal at Naiiaimo aiul lluii 
 proceed to the Skeena River to enter 
 upon her usual summer work. Slic 
 departed from Naiiaimo the following 
 morning, and, according to the stalc- 
 nieiit of Kngineer Murray, was struck 
 by a heavy gale and trenieiidotis sea 
 in|the tide rip off Cape Mudge at 6:30 o'clock in the evening. The steamer filled immediately, sinking stern first. 
 The boat floated off the house as she went down, and Carroll, I.nbin and Wright got into it. Murray juiiipcd 
 clear of the steamer as she disappeared, and on looking around after the danger of being drawn down by the 
 suction had passed, saw that the small boat had been overturned and its occupants were swimming about, with 
 nothing to support them. I.nbin was the first to give up the struggle, and, as he went down, said : " Good-liy. 
 Murray ; I'll take this oar with me." The heavy .sea prevented Murray from .seeing the others, with the 
 exception of an occasional glimpse of the captain, who was drifting away from him. Just as Murray was about 
 to give up the uneciual contest he sighted some wreckage and swam to it, remaining there for twelve hours, whoii 
 he was rescued by Ivdward Small, a trapper, who came out in a canoe. The Chinese cook was not seen, and it is 
 
 STK.ANniH '■ ST.V.SItAKI) 
 
 "^ William Murray, engineer, wm born in Scotland in iS,S9, served an aiiprenticeship in Manchester, England, and ca»if '" 
 British Columbia about ei),'ht vears ajjo. He was first eiiKaKed on the steamer Ettn U'liilf. and went from her to the AfrniKiKi. He 
 was afterward chief of the luilcoii for a year and w.is liext on the Slaniiiuil, remaining with her until she went to the bottnin, 
 Murray t)eing the sole survivor. At present he is euf^aged in the power-house of the Victoria Street Railway Company. 
 
w 
 
 Retirement of the Oregon Railway c^ Navigation Company from Puget Sound 
 
 405 
 
 \' 
 
 supposed tliat tlie sli-aincr fomulcrod so ([uickly llial lie cduUI not j;i.'t out. Tlu' Aiiicricaii .ship AV/Vr.iw/, from 
 Sail Kraiici.sco for Naiiainio, waH wrecked 011 Iviitraiicc I.slnnd, about tlircc miles north of Harclny Sound, 
 November iijtii. The ship went on the rocks before a howliti); ^nle and was soon l)roken up, the crew reaeliinn 
 shore ill safety. She was in conimaiid of Ca])taiii Heiiiielt and was owned in San I'Vaneisco. 
 
 A fatal collision between the steamship W'ilhiiiirlli' and the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company's 
 stenmer /';<•;« /Vroccurred three and one-half miles soulheast of Marrow.stoiie Point about 2:<m) .\. m., October Htli, 
 The bow of the bij; collier struck the I'nmiir on the port side, just forward of the pilothouse, and crashed 
 llirouKh into the smokiiiK-rooni and cabin, knockinj; the pilot-house out of I'/osition and instantly killiiiK John 
 Rankin of Seattle, Frank C. VVynkoop and Johannes Mow of Tacoma. William 1". Kichardson afterward died 
 Iroin his injuries. Fully 
 twenty others were injured, 
 some of iheiii quite seriously, 
 and Jack I.evy of the I'liiiiiii 
 lia<l a miraculous escajjc from 
 instant death. The Ptriiiiir 
 was cut down to the water's 
 iclge, three plates having been 
 l)cnetrated . T he / / 'illamiltf 
 was also slijjhtly damaged, but 
 lier bulkheads kept her from 
 sinkinj;, and lior bow was so 
 closely interlocked with that 
 of the Pirmii-r that she kept 
 the latter from ^"'"K down 
 and towed her to Hush Point, 
 on the opposite side, beach- 
 ing her in twenty-four feet of 
 water. The P)fmiir.\ pas- 
 sensers were transferred to 
 the W'illameltc antl afterward 
 taken to Seattle by the Coliali. 
 It was nearly twenty -four 
 hours before the two vessels 
 were .separated, and several 
 (lays later the /'irniur was 
 raised by Commodore John Irving and taken to N'ictoria, where she was repaired and placed under the British 
 llag, much to the chagrin of the attorneys for the victims of the disaster, who were awaiting her appearance 
 above water to institute proceedings against her. After extensive repairs she was placed on the Victoria and 
 Vancouver route and is now running under the name CIkiidu >. 
 
 The result of the inspectors' investigation as to the cause of the accident was the revoking of the licen.ses 
 of both captains. Hansen of the Willametle was censured for changing bis course in attempting to cro.ss the bow 
 of the Premier, and for not heeding her fog signals. It was thought that in the fog his ship got too close in to 
 bush Point, and, as she was deeply laden, he feared to pass the Premier im the inside, and in hauling out from 
 the point brought his .ship into .such a position that the Premier could not escape. In summing up the evidence 
 in support of this view of the matter, the inspectors said : " The fog signals of the Premier were distinctly heard 
 by people on Bush Point, and, as the sound pas.sed over the Willamette, all of the signals from the Premier must 
 liave been heard by the officer and lookout on board of the Willamette. It appears that Captain Hansen did 
 hear signals, but paid no particular attention to them, as the weather was clear where the ship then was, but, just 
 as he entered the fog bank, he gave one blast of bis whistle. At that time the ships must have been within a 
 mile of each other, and several more blasts were exchanged before they collided. At the time Captain Hansen 
 heard the Premier s fog signal, he certainly must have known that the course he was then steering would either 
 cross the Premier's track or go very close to her. He had plenty of room north of his ves.sel, and, had he ported 
 liis helm, there would have been no collision. Had he even held his west by north half north course, the ships 
 would not have collided but would have pa.ssed very clo.se to each other." Captain Gilboy was censured for 
 running at full speed in a fog while approaching another vessel and for not slowing down when he failed to 
 understand the course or the intentions of Captain HaiLsen. The evidence showed that Captain Gilboy kept his 
 ship on the regular course, and, had the captain of the Willamette done the same, the accident would not have 
 happened, also that Hansen showed a lack of judgment in starboarding his helm after hearing repeated signals 
 over his starboard bow. The.se signals should have convinced a careful shipmaster that the approaching steamer 
 was running on a course which would place the ves.sels in dangerous proximity. 
 
 The .sealing schooner /.aura. Captain Hansen, well known in British Columbia, Bering Sia and Japan 
 ports as the " Flying Dutchman," was wrecked in Friendly Cove, Nootka Sound, January 25th, becoming a total 
 
 STKAMKK "I'KKMIKK" AIIKR Cnl.I.lSION Willi Sn^AMSMM' " Wl l-l-AMIi f I K ' 
 
 I' ' I 
 
 
 n 
 
 (■■i 
 
4o6 
 
 Lewis c? Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 loss, the Victoria schooner Northern Lii^lu meeting a similar fate in that vicinity a few weeks later. Tlic 
 whaling bark Helfii Mar met with a fearful fate in the Arctic in 1.S92. On October 6th, in latitude 71" ;,o' 
 north, longitude ifuj" 30' west, she had a whale alongside which was being cut up, when she was suddenly caught 
 by a swift current and carried between two immense icebergs, which drifted together and crushed the bark 
 before the crew could sav a boat or get away. The fifth mate, a boatsteerer, the cook and two sailors clung to 
 the mainmast as it went over or the ice and were the only o-ies saved out of a crew of thirty-three men. Thuy 
 remained on the ice for forty -eight hours and were finally taken off by the steam whaler Orca, two of them 
 reaching San Francisco on '.iie /Mi/j;a. The //c/cw Afnr was owned by '0,'right, Bowiie & Co., of San Francisco, 
 and among her crew were : E. O. Thaxter, captain ; W. K. Hardy, fii.=t mate ; Richard L. KUis, .second male ; 
 Joaquin Miiiia, third mate ; John O'Hara, fourth mate; William W.ird, fifth mate; Antonio I,eitz, Antonio 
 Paugaliiie, Louis Antone, Frank Birch '.nd C. Nelson, boatsteertrs ; G. Cooper, carpenter; William Bray, 
 steward ; Asa Ker.shaw, cook. The steamer Honita, Capt. Gus i'illsbury, from Portland for the Cascades, was 
 sunk on Fashion Reef, December 7th. She was caught in a heavy gale and struck broadside on, tearing a 
 big hole in the hull. After several days spent in attempts to raise her she was abindoned, and on the fifteenth 
 her machinery was removed. The old sealing .schoonc- Loltie was the victim of a mysterious disaster in 1S92. 
 She left Victoria in charge of Captain Butle.-, OharLs llatferty and Gus Erickson, with twenty-eight contraband 
 Cliinatuen, April 17th, and a month later wa'' picked up dismasted, floating bottom up off Tillamook and 
 towed to Astoria. No trace was ever found of t'le missing men. 
 
 The steamer Telephone, from Astoria fo; Portland, sank at the moutii of the Willamette River at 1.20 .\. m., 
 January 5th, in charge of Pilot Larkin. She had been in a den.se fog all the way from Astoria, and, when she 
 turned into the Willamette, the Government light on the revetment was obscured. While looking for it the 
 steamer Irifted too close in, so that when she started ahead she piled up on the revetment and began to fill. The 
 l)oats were lowered and the passengers landed on Coon Island. The sLeainer was raised a week later and found 
 to be comparatively uninjured. The steamers Iralda and lone were in collision near Linnton, Octobf r 28th, and 
 a passenger named Otto Peters wa>! drowned. The steamer I.uey Lowe, Captain Jordan, from Roche Harbor 
 for Tacoma with 1,250 barrels of lime, struck a sunken log in Deception Pass, April 4th. and was beached to save 
 life. The lime cargo then fired the vessel, vvliich was scuttled in two fathoms of water and became a total lo.ss. 
 The Lucy Lo-ar was forineiiy a .sealing schooner, built at Victoria in 1884. Two other Sound steamers went 
 up in smoke in 1892, the /i. .1/. GV// at Allyn, VV'ish., vSeptember 29th, and the /(•;/(/ at Colby, April i8th, The 
 former was owned by Capt. Henry Tliielsen and the lattei by Capt. R. M. Cressvvell. I'lie steamship West Indian. 
 formerly in the Nanaimo coal trade, was wrecked off Acajutla, March 19th, with a cargo of coffee valued at half 
 a million dollars. 
 
 Capt. Marshall Short, of the steamer Oeklahama , and John Peterson, a deckhand, were killed at A.storia, 
 October 22. The Oeklahama had towed the barge Columbia, carrying 550 tons of wheat, to Astoria, and in 
 swin£,lug into i > wharf the barge was injured so that it began to leak badly -.iKi was taken '•■ the shore side of 
 the wharf, where the water was shallow. The steamer laid alongside punipin,; her out, and Captain Short, Agent 
 Loun.sberry and three deckhands went below to construct a bulkhead at the point of damage. When they had 
 it nearly completed the barge careened and sank Lounsberiy and two of the deckhands succeeded in reaching 
 tlie deck, but the '^hitting wheat prevented the escape of the other men, and they perished. Captain Short was a 
 brother of C;ipfaius .Sherman V. and W. P. Short and had been on the Oregon Railway & Nai'igation Company's 
 ste.imers for six years. Other disasters in 1802 were the loss of the whaleback C. W. \Vetmore,vi\\\c\\ was 
 carrying coal between Puget Soind and San Fraiicis-o for fi.^.S per ton at the time. Her loss, therefore, was 
 not mourned by other shipowners engaged in the trade The American ship .S7. Charles, from Nanaimo for San 
 Francisco with a cargo of co?!, was the vic.ini of a coal-dust explosion which sunt her to the bottom one hundred 
 miles nortliwest of Cape Foulweather, May i-tls. C'lptain Chapman was seriously injured by the explosion. 
 The crew reached Newport in a sm^U boat. On Puget .Sound the steamer I-'orsaken burned December i6th while 
 aground on the flats at t'le innmh of the Snohotnish River. The Victoria .sealing ..chooner AJa^gie yJ/dc was lost, 
 with all on board, near Cape Scott in March (sec wreck of A/ai;i;ie .lAif on page 4,^8). 
 
 
IP 
 
 CHAPTER XX. 
 
 iMKsr Loo Raft on the Pacific— Okanaoan Lakk Steamkk " Aiikkdkkn" — TiiK Canadian I'Aciinc's 
 AisTKAi.iAN Stkamshii' Link — TiiH " 1). S. Bakkr" Shoots thi; Cascadks — Stkamkks Buii.t in 
 THK Victoria, Puckt Soi'ni) and Wii.lamrtte Districts— Skatti.k Marink Railway — Puget 
 vSouNi) AND British Coi.umhia Lumber Fleet — Lighthouse Tenher " Coi.umhine" ^ Boiler 
 Explosion on Steamer "Annie Faxon" — .Sound Steamers Destroyed hy Fire— L(jSS of 
 Steamships "Michic.an" and " \Vilmini;i\)n " — The Northwestern Steajishii' Company ^ — 
 Victoria Marine Ramavav — Terrihle Fate of the " Montserrat," "Keweenaw," "Ivanhoe" 
 AND " IvsTEM.E " — Wreck of the "Southern Chief," "William L. Beeue," "Crown of 
 IvNr.LAND," "Los Anc.elks" and "Newhrrn" — The Second Loi; Raft— Steamer "Columbia" 
 Burned Fatal Boiler ICxplosion on .Steamer "(Jiei:n" — Wreck of- the " R. K. Ham" — 
 \'icToRiA Tradini; .& FisiiiNo Company — Turret Steamer " Progressist" -Alaska Steamship 
 Company -The Whaleback "City ok Everett" — Upper Columbia Steamer "Nakusp" — The 
 "Norma Brouc.ht Tiirouc;h Snake River CaSon — Vigorous Opposition on Ocean Routes — 
 Wreck of the Steamer "Vei.os" and Tug "Mogul." 
 
 'H1';N the ClvLEBR.VTICD Joggins' log raft was constructed on the Atlantic Coast 
 for the purpose of transporting a dozen lumber-drogher cargoes with the aid of a single 
 towboat, the success of the new departure was anxiously watched by men engaged in 
 the carrying trade on the Pacific Coast, and i*. was freely predicted that, if the raft 
 could be towed on the Atlantic, the large fleet of ve.s.sels engaged in the lumber business 
 in the Pacific Northwest might at once retire from the field. Fortunately or otherwise, 
 ^/TIJFJWW ''/' t :°t— r .I"KR'"'' f"" ^^as battere<l to i)ieces long before it reached port, and, while partial 
 f ' vVwpB'b'i VsJ&^aJ successes were made of smaller ones, it was finally decided that the proper place for a 
 '/ ,' liSiT* Ji«»i!i*^*' successful accomplishment of the scheme was on the Pacific Ocean. The first raft 
 
 was built at Coos Bay and started from Marshficld in November in tow of the tug 
 /idiii^rr, Capt. John i<oberts.' It was the captain's intention to stop at Empire City, 
 but he missed the ivharf and was compelled to run lioth tug and raft ashore to avoid 
 going over the b.ir at low water. 7Mie tu(^ laid by until flood tide, lint in Ul' darkness, while trying to make fast 
 to the raft, broke her rudder, and two days were consumed in repairing;. Another start was made, but, as the 
 l)ar was neared, the m.ichinery colla;i.sed. A four-day tie-up resulted, liut when everything was in readiness they 
 set out once more. This time the raft took a sheer and went ashore, where it remained twenty-four hours before 
 it was again floated. Shortly after the unwieldy tow was released from this predicament, it struck tlie South Spit, 
 Xoveniber i.Stli, grounding hard and fast. During the night the bar became very rough, and the breakers broke 
 clear over it. With the aid of a long hawser the tug managed to keep in deep water and still retain lier hold on the 
 raft until i:oo A. M. It then floated ofl", taking the tug with it and compelling the captain to cut loose. The tug 
 
 ' Capt. John KoIjLTls wiis horn on tlie Islunil of Jorsoy in 1850 and has been enxa^jctl in tlio inariiu> hnsiness for thirty >ears. 
 His first work on tht' PaiMfit* Coast was on the \mrk /(■■■rtir Pitts, miming to Meiiiloi*ino, Ho was afteiwanl intcrt'stcil in st-veral 
 M'liooncrs, anil in 1S.S5 Iniilt the steam schooner Siiif»isi\ with wliich he went to Mexico. While there he was stricken with yellow 
 fever, and his wife anil two sailors died. He then went hack to San I'rancisco, whence he took the sleatncr lo Ilonolnln and sold it. 
 On his retnrn he coiistrncted the steamer l\iinly, which he operated for a while hetween ,San I'rancisco and Coos Hay. He also ran 
 lier to .San Dieno dnrinn the hooin. While in liie Coos Hay trade he picked iiji the steamship Hiiu'iiiiiiiir, which he lowed to Cas])ar 
 V reek with nineteen feet of water in her hold. He pnmpeil the vessel ont and proceeded with her to ,San I'rancisco, where he was 
 awarded |«12,(hk) salvaj;e. Captain Roberts worked with the /ttt:('nnii'if withont sleep for five ila\s and nights and was so exhansted 
 llial he sent liis steamer out on her next trip in chnrKc of Captain Lucas, when she was lost on Coos May bar. Duriu),' the next 
 three months he filled her place with the Xiitit'iiiit t'ilv and then chartered the tUK A'n 11 1; f r Ut tow the loj; rail from Coo;. Ilay to Sun 
 I'rttncisco. After that he went to the steamer F:iiiilit>ii, which he ran to I'n^et Sound and I'orllanil. 
 
 iU 
 
 n 
 
 1' 
 
 n 
 
 ■•:». 
 
 1^ 
 
 ii i 
 
4o8 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 'wm&i.. 
 
 STHA.MEK "AllKKDEEN" ON OKANACAN I.AKK 
 
 crossed in again the next morning and found her tow piled up on the north side of the jetty, half a raik- ftoiii 
 where she had rested the night before. It remained there for three days and nights, and then, with the aid of a 
 life-saving crew, the chains were cut and a few hundred piles set adrift to loosen up the others and straighten out 
 the 600-foot hawser cut adrift several nights before. The third day the raft was pulled out from the jetty, and 
 Captain Roberts was forced to run the tug ashore in Charleston Bay to prevent the raft from drifting to sta, 
 
 where a hurricane was blowing. The 
 next morning a start was made for 
 Ivnipire City, but after going a short 
 distance the raft grounded on tlit 
 middle quicksands. The a.ssistaiice 
 of the Liberty was secured, both tugs 
 working every high tide for five days. 
 On the morning ot the fiftli day tlie 
 raft floated off unaided and readied 
 lunpire City on December 2d. The 
 owners decided that the tug had 
 not sufficient power and accordiiiRJy 
 chartered the Nalioiial City, Captain 
 McGee. She crossed out all right 
 December i6th, but encountered a 
 heavy gale, and the raft went to piucus 
 off Cape Mendocino, December 22(1. 
 The finest inland steamer .set 
 afloat in the Northwest in 1893 was the Aberdeen, constructed by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company 
 for service on Okanagan Lake. The Aberdeen is a sternwheeler one hundred and forty-six feet long, 
 twenty-six feet beam, and six feet eight inches hold, with engines sixteen by seventy-two inches. She 
 was built by K. G. McKay from a model made by John F. vSteffen of Portland, and her engines were designed 
 by Horace Campbell of that city, and manufactured by the British Columbia Iron Works at Vancouver. Tlie 
 steamer began her career in charge of Captain ^'oster, who had recently been engaged as first officer on the 
 Islander. With him as mate was R. Williams of Puget Sound. The steamer is operated between Okanagan 
 Landing and Penticton, running as a feeder to the railway system, and, like everything else in connection with 
 the etiuipment of that company, is up to date in every particular. The Canadian Pacific Navigation Company 
 increased the number of their 
 
 vessels with the small stern- , ,1, 
 
 wheeler Transfer, which was 
 
 used in the Eraser River '^ 
 
 trade, and Capt. M. Hare 
 built the small steamer Mary 
 Hare, which was used in 
 jobbing around N'ictoria until 
 1895, when she was equipped 
 for pa.ssenger service, and ran 
 to and from the islands of 
 the east coast of Vancouver 
 Island in connection with the 
 N'ictoria & Sydney Railroad. 
 Other vessels constructed or 
 brought into the Victoria dis- 
 trict in i>i93 were the steam 
 schooner Spinster, owned by 
 Arthur Scroggs ; steam scow 
 Caroline, W. II. Grove; 
 steamers )'vonne, II. G. 
 Holdman ; Srcan, Slioltbolt 
 & Draiiey ; Jennie June, W. 
 B. Crause ; schooners San 
 Jose, Captain Kelly; A'Menny. J. F. Smith; Arietes, Capt. William Grant; Fislier Maid, Charles Chipps; and Siukj 
 Lass, A. Ross. The Canadian Pacific Railway extended their field in 1893 by the operation of a line of 
 splendid modern built steamships between Vancouver and Australia. The pioneer vessel of the fleet was llie 
 Mioaera. She was followed by the .Iraiea, and the Warrimoo was afterward added. 
 
 ^IKAMKH ' \ t l.LAN ' 
 
 CaIT. I'. H. JONKS 
 
Growth of Deep-wafer Commerce, Great Loss of Life by Marine Disasters 
 
 409 
 
 If a mile from 
 
 the aid ot a 
 itraigh'.eii out 
 the jetty, aiul 
 rifting to sea, 
 lowing. The 
 vas made for 
 joing a sliiirt 
 nded on llie 
 he assistance 
 'ed, both tii^is 
 
 for five days. 
 
 fifth day tl;e 
 
 and reached 
 ber 2d. The 
 
 the tug had 
 d accordinf;ly 
 
 C/'/j', Captain 
 out all ris;lit 
 ncountered a 
 went to pieces 
 )eceniber j2(1, 
 d steamer set 
 ,vay Company 
 ix feet long, 
 
 inches. She 
 were designed 
 icouver. The 
 
 officer on the 
 ecu Okanagan 
 mnection with 
 ,tion Company 
 
 
 i 
 
 *ii 
 
 But few additions were made to the steam fleet in the Willamette district in 1893. Capt. F. B. Jones 
 '.aunched the Vulcatt, the fastest towboat in the Northwest. She is one hundred and forty-four feet long, 
 twenty-six feet beam, and six feet hold, with engines sixteen by seventy-two inches, and can run faster than most 
 <)<" the passenger steamers on the river. The .steam schooner George H. Clianee was lengthened and renamed the 
 llaiidorille. Her dimensions are, length one hundred and four feet, beam twenty-one feet, and depth of hold 
 '.-ight feet, \/ith engines eight and one-half and sixteen by twelve inches. Capt. J. J. Winant has handled her 
 since completion, with John E. Kane, engineer. Ham, Nickum & Co. .set afloat the Kehani, a small sternwheeler 
 about one hundred feet long, with engines ten by forty-eight inches, at Portland. The steamer Blanco was built 
 at Mar.slifield for service on the bay and was commanded by Capt. Jacob Ern.st. The ferry steamer Vancouver, 
 one hundred and eight feet long, thirty-two feet beam, and seven feet hold, was launched at Portland for the 
 Portland Consolidated Street Railway Company, where the steam launches Water Witch and Wauna were also 
 completed. Major Handbury, United States Government engineer in charge, constructed the big dredge 
 W. S. Ladd for work in connection with harbor improvements. The steamer has been almost constantly in service 
 since. She was at first commanded by Capt. Richard Hoyt, recently by Capt. George Pease. The steamer 
 D. S. /hiker, Capt. M. Martineau, towing the Cascades wharf-boat and a barge, shot the Cascades, June 26tli, and 
 all landed on the lower river in good order. A large fleet of small steamers were built or brought ii. for use on 
 Puget Sound in 1893. Among the best of them was the I.ydia '/'/lonipson, ninety-two feet long, twenty-two feet 
 beam, and six feet eight inches hold, built at Port Angeles for J. R. Thompson; the E. D. Smith, eighty-nine feet 
 long, twenty-five feet beam, and five feet hold, at Lowell, John VV. Brooks .serving as master ; the Hattie Hansen, 
 seventy-one feet long, fifteen 
 
 feet seven inches beam, and six —^: ->.-■. j-" - ^7 
 
 feet six inches hold, at Pontiac • t 
 
 for O.I.,. Hansen; W\^\x\^ Magic, 
 .sixty-seven feet three inches 
 long, sixteen feet .six inches 
 l)eam, and eight feet four inches 
 hold, at Port Blakely for H. H. 
 Morrison ; and the Victor, fifty- 
 nine feet long, fifteen feet beam, 
 and five feet .seven inches hold, 
 at Tacoma for E. E. Hunt. 
 The largest was the Utopia, one 
 hundred and twenty-three feet 
 eight inches long, twenty-four 
 feet six inches beam, and nine 
 feet one inch hold, constructed 
 at Seattle for G. W. McGregor. 
 .She has been for several months 
 engaged on the Seattle and Van 
 couver route, in charge of Capt. 
 John A. O'Brien' and Ivngineer Louis A. Booth. ' Other small steamers appearing on the Sound in iSi)3 were the 
 /'^/w/^(«(• and /'haros, launched at Port Townsend ; V'c/egraph, l.illic. Queen, Gypsy, Princess atu\ Angi/nh aI Seattle ; 
 Crescent, Pclight, Stampede. /Ctsie, Rhododendron. Orion, lunma Florence. North;ecstern. Jimily Se;, • I a.w\ Hcniy 
 A. Strong at Tacoina ; .-//(/■/ at Port Blakely and /uho at Snohomish. The /ci/c Ilnrrotts, ni ly feet long, 
 eighteen feet five inches beam, and four feet eight inches hold, was completed at Aberdeeti, Gray's Harbor, for 
 .\. P. Stockwell. Among the new sailing ves.sels constructed were the Winchester, eighty-nine feet five inches 
 long, twenty-five feet beam, ten feet hold, sot afloat at Coos Bay ; the four-masted .schooner C. S. Holm 409 
 tons, at Port Blakely ; schooner Columbia, 41 tons, fdo litla, 69 tons, and .S7. Lawrence, 59 tons, at Seattle ; and 
 the George //'. Prescott ai Irondale. 
 
 The Seattle Urydock & Shipbuilding Company, the principal stockholders of which were the Moran 
 Brothers, in 1893 completed the marine railway at Seattle, by means of which the largest of the Sound steamers 
 could be taken from the water in twelve minutes. This railway has proved of great value to steamboatnien on 
 Puget Sound, as it is operated at much less expense than the drydocks. The steamer Chehalis, hauled out 
 
 CAI'T. W. J. IlRVANT t C. CIIFRRN 
 
 I'. S. StEAMHOAT INSI'KCTORS. rCClKT SOCND ImMRKT 
 
 II 
 
 m 
 
 \U 
 
 . v. II. JiiSKS 
 
 jps; and .S'(i/";i' 
 n of a line of 
 ; fleet was the 
 
 'Capt. John A. O'Brieu has been a well known shipninsler on llie Pacific Coa.st for twenty years. He was for n Ions time on 
 Hailing vessels plying between the Columbia River, TuKet Soiinil and Cliina, and afterward entered the ste.nmsbip service in the 
 Northwest. lie distiiinnished Iiimself in iS.S^ liy lioardiiij; the sle.inisliip I'inolillit after !-be had liceii abiiiidonul off Ciipe I'laltery 
 and sailing her into the straits, where she was 'picked ii)) and towed to Hstininialt, saviiiK the nnderwriters nearly a i|narter of a 
 inillion dollars. Captain O'llrien was snl)se(|uently in the employ of the Can.-idian I'acifu- Navigation Company, handling the 
 steamer Premier on the V'anconvcr and Tacoina roiite. Recently lie has been eiinnned on the steamers of the Pacific Navigation 
 Company and on the I 'topia. 
 
 'I.,onis .\. Hoolli, engineer, was liorn in .\lbany. 111., in iSft4, and coiiinienccil his marine career on the Mississippi River in 
 iSSj. His first work in the Northwest was on the tng .V. /.. iMaslid; in i.sK.s. He has since been engaged on a number of I'liget 
 Sonnd steamers, and was for a long lime chief engineer of the Utopia. 
 
IHMIP 
 
 410 
 
 Lewis <f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 July 19th, was the first vessel to make use of this improvement. The steam fleet on the Sound had increased so 
 rapidly tliat in May, 1892, Boiler Inspector HuUene was given an assistant, C. C. Cherry receiving the ofiiti;, 
 and Capt. Al Stream was appointed assistant inspector of hulls a few months later. The lighthou.se tenikr 
 Afan:aiii/a, which for several years had been performing excellent .service in the largest lighthou.se district in tlie 
 United States, was relieved of a portion of her duties in 189,^ by the arrival of the new steamer Coliitiihine. Tins 
 vessel was built at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1892, and on completion was taken through the lakes, down the 
 St. Lawrence River, and thence to New York, where .she was joined by Capt. Charles H. Richard.son and Chief 
 Engineer Harry Lord. She .sailed from that port October 30, 1892, made stops at Hahia, Brazil, Montevideu, 
 Sandy Point, Valparaiso and Callao, and arrived at the Columbia River in January. After some slijjht 
 alterations, she entered .service in charge of Charles H. Richard.son, captain ; Arthur Leighton, first officer ; II. C. 
 Lord, chief engineer; and Charles H. Mitchell, assistant. The United States coast defender Monterey, built by 
 the Union Iron Works, San Franci.sco, spent several weeks in the Northwest in 1893. She arrived at Astoria, 
 July loth, and was piloted to Portland a few days later by W. II. Patterson, anchoring within a few yards of the 
 spot where the United States schooner Monterey had remained for several weeks thirty-nine years before. 
 
 In 1893 the lumber trade of Puget Sound ports furnished employment to an immense fleet of sailing vessels. 
 During the year the output of some of the big mills was as follows : Port Blakely Mill Company 82,647,1)4- 
 feet lumber, -'•,500,000 lath ; Tacoma Mill Company 54,787,480 feet lumber, 16, 1 13,800 lath ; Puget Mill Company 
 of Port Gamble, Port Ludlow and Utsalady 47,2,^0,000 feet lunjber, 15,965,000 lath; St. Paul & Tacoma 
 Lumber Company of Tacoma 36.549,549 feet lumber, 11,000,000 lath; Stimson Mill Company of Ballard, 
 21, 188,910 feet lumber, 6.701.000 lath ; Bellingham Bay Improvement Company of New Whatcom 19.052,182 feet 
 lumber, 1,925,900 lath; Northwestern Lumber Company of Hoquiam 18,500,000 feet lumber, 2,500,000 lath ; 
 Gray's Harbor Commercial Company of Cosmopolis 17.375,029 feet lumber, 4, 043, two lath; Washington Mill 
 Company of Port Hadlock 16,000,000 feet lumber, 5, 3a), 000 lath ; S. K. Slade Lumber Company i5.476,(.oii 
 feet lumber, 3,700,000 lath ; J, M. Weatherwax Luml)er Company of Aberdeen i i,o(X),ooo feet lumber. Other 
 mills of smaller capacity in different parts of the State swelled these amounts to a grand total of 757,641,892 feel 
 lumber and 110,387,400 lath. California furnished the greatest market for this output, consuming 195,874,0(10 
 feet lumber and 73,287,573 lath. Deep-water shipments from the vSound and Gray's Harbor ports inchuled 
 16,000.000 feet to Chile, ii,otx5,ooo feet to Hawaii, 9,497,692 feet to Australia, 8,107,731 feet to Peru, 5.983.370 
 feet to New South Wales, 5,117,411 feet to Mexico, 2,49i,(j47 feet to Cardiff, 2,356,555 feet to India, 4,26i,.'.!9 
 feet to China, 1,275,148 feet to France, 2,141,029 feet to Africa, 1,349,157 feet to Ireland, 1,062,567 feet to 
 South Sea Islands, 1,004,864 feet to Germany. Guatemala, the Argentine Republic, Scotland, Belgium, Japan 
 and England received from 481,000 to 1,000,000 feet. 
 
 British Columbia's foreign lumber fleet for 1893 included nearly sixty ve.s.sels, as follows : George Thompson 
 1,128 tons, Mark Curry 1,256, Fritzoe 1,078, Colorado 1,036, Highlands 1,236, India 953, liitlern 399, Katherine 
 630, County of Yarmouth 2,154, Hindoostan 1,542, Seminole 1,429. Ivy 1,181, Asicl 795, Naloma 1,106, I/arry 
 A/orse 1,313, A>/(« Hna 2,600, Blairhoyle 1,291, Mary Low 813, Sigurd 1,530, Ataeania 1,235, ^^'ythop 1,248, Giyfe 
 1,069, Heinrich 923, Doehra 966, Kinkora 1,799, Carrier Dove 672, Puritan 584, Sonoma 098, Ciunford 2.i(iS, 
 William H. Starbuck 1,272, Fortuna 1,332, Gainsborough 985, Eliza 915, King Cyrus 667, Charles /•'. Crocker .Si^, 
 Hilo 642, Lyman D. Foster 725, Hesper 664, William liowdoin 728, Flizabcth Graham 598, Geneva 471, Aida 
 507, Robert Sudden 585, Sahator 444, Louis 820, John /?. 'J'allcinl 533, Germanic 1,269, Reporter 333, Snozc & 
 ISurgess 1,578, Benjamin Seaell 1,361, Templar 910, /('. //. Talbot 776, F.ctipse 1,536, Jleaconsficld 1,450. .Seven 
 cargoes were for Sydney, four for Adelaide, .seven for Port Pirie, three for Callao, six for Valparaiso, three tor 
 Iquiqui and three for Shanghai. Others went to Plymouth, Montreal, .Vntofagasta, Pisagua, Antwerp, Holland, 
 Tientsin, London, Melbourne, Cork, Naga.saki and Cape Colony. 
 
 The boiler of the W««;> /'(f.vi)« exploded with fearful results August 14, 1893. The steamer was on her 
 regular down-river trip from Lewiston in charge of Harry liaughman, captain; Jolm Anderson, chief engiiieei ; 
 J. E. Tappan, purser, and at 7:20 .\. .m. swung round to land at Wade's bar. When she came into position, 
 with her bow up stream. Captain Baughmau gave the signal to go ahead, and at that instant the explosion 
 occurred. Those on board who were not killed outright or thrown into the river were so dazed and injured that 
 they were unable to tell much about the affair ; but a young man standing on the bank, waiting for the steamer, 
 states that the explosion was muffled, so that it seemed to make but little noi.se, and that the boat had the 
 appearance of falling to pieces like a card house. Purser Tappan, but a moment before, had left his bride of a 
 few weeks .seated in his office on the upper deck, and had come down with his freight book prejiaratory to 
 going ashore. While standing by the gangplank, within a few feet of the boiler, he It the .shock and saw :i 
 deckhand standing by his side fall dead, with blood gu.shing from his wounds. His first thoughts were of his 
 wife, and he turned to go to her, but on looking round saw that the house and caliin had been swept out nf 
 existence. Captain Baughman felt the first of the shock and saw Thomas Mcintosh, who was in the pilot-house 
 with him, beheaded. He then became uncon.scious, recovering two hours later to find that he had lieen thrown 
 ashore. Those killed were Mrs. J. E. Tappan, Thomas and John Mcintosh, S. McComb, William Kidd, Panl 
 Allen, A. E. Bush and George P'. Thompson. Most of the bodies were terribly mutilated, but that of Mrs. 
 Tappan was found without a .scar, indicating that she had been stunned by the explosion and drowned. Tlie 
 
Growth of Deep-water Commerce, Great Loss of Life hy Marine Disasters 
 
 411 
 
 cause of the disaster will always remain a mystery. The boiler when last inspected was apparently in good 
 condition, was carrying no more than the usual amount of steam, and the fusible plug, which was subsequently 
 found, failed to show any mark of excessive heat, as it would had there been no water in the boiler. 
 
 Two well known Sound steamers, the /:'. //'. Purdv and Fannie Lake, went up in .smoke in April, 1893. 
 The former, in command of her owner, Capt. VV. K. Merwin, was in Sullivan Slough, a few miles from La Conner, 
 loading hay, and a little after midnight, April yth, completed her cargo and backed away from the dock. Uefore 
 slie had gone three lengths, a blaze was discovered in the fire-room, and the inflammable nature of her freight 
 rendered all efforts to subdue the flames futile. The engineer threw the throttle wide open, then came out through 
 a window, and with the rest of the crew reached .shore in .safety. The wheels continued to revolve for about 
 fifteen minutes after the steamer grounded, but as the tide went cut, leaving the vessel almost high and dry, she 
 Inirned down to the keel. The officers of the steamer were VV. K. Merwin, captain ; H. A. Soper, mate ; John A. 
 Williamson, chief engineer ; John H. Skinner, steward ; and H. B. Campbell, purser. The I'lody was valued at 
 al)out $15,000 and was unin- 
 sured. The Fannie Lake met 
 her fate in the same way, but 
 little over a fortnight later, 
 within a few yards of the 
 place where the F.. IV. PnrJv 
 l)urned. She was in charge 
 of Alexander Wood, captain, 
 George Benson, mate, and 
 Alexander Riddel, engineer, 
 loaded twenty-five tons of 
 hay at Dr. Calhoun's place, 
 and was waiting for the tide. 
 Shortly after midnight, April 
 26th, the watchman saw a 
 slight flame amidship just aft 
 the boiler. He gave the alarm 
 immediately, but the crew 
 had barely time to e.scape. 
 The mate and a deckhand 
 were a short distance down 
 the slough with a scow load 
 of hay which they expected 
 to tow to Seattle. Nothing 
 was saved from the steamer. 
 The I'annie Lake was owned 
 by Capt. S. T. Denny, Joshua Green, Frank Zickmund and Peter Falk, was valued at about $5,'xx) and insured 
 for $4,000. She was built in 1875 and was always a money-maker. The fieight steamer /. C. Ilritlain, owned 
 by the Ivverett Transportation Company, in charge of Captain McDonald and A. F. Hennessey, was wrecked on 
 Hell Rock, in Rosario Straits, May 10th, while en route from Roche Harbor to Kverett. The steamer .struck 
 :iniidship and began filling rapidly, the incoming water firing her lime cargo and .soon damaging her beyond 
 repair. She was valued at $8,000 and insured for $5,0110. The Chilean bark F.iilna, for Moodyville from 
 \'alparaiso, stranded on Dungeness Spit during a thick fog August 4th. She listed over soon after striking, and 
 the crew reached shore with their personal effects. The Iiiilna was originally the Nova Scotian bark F.ulallia, 
 which was purcha.sed by the Chileans, who rechristened her the Pusidint lialmaceda. Under this name she 
 loaded lumber on Burrard's Inlet in 1891, but on reaching Valparaiso she was again renamed the Jiiilrea. 
 
 The steamer Mascotle, one of the best equipped wreckers in the Northwest, was totally destroyed by fire 
 August ifith while lying at anchor in I'achena Bay between Cape Carmanah and San Juan. The ve.s.sel was in 
 charge of Capt. Kdward McCo.skrie,' and the fire was first discovered at 2:110 .\. m., apparently coming from the 
 galley, and spread .so rapidly that the crew had hardly time to reach shore, many of them being compelled to leave 
 tlieir shoes and other wearing apparel. The Afascolle was about three years old, and owing to her great power 
 .Hid light draft had proved very profitable, working among wrecks on the west coast of Vancouver Island. The 
 -Icamer/. A'. McDonald, Capt. Frank Worth, from Seattle for Vancouver, B. C, caught fire and was beached on 
 tlie east side of Prevost Island, February 2,^d. The hull was afterward saved and taken to X'ictoria. Tiie tug 
 
 'Capt. liilwanl McCoskrie was l)orn in luij^laiwl in 1S52 .-iml lias licuii coiiiierteil witii tlie iiiariiu' Im^iiifss since IidvIiooi!, 
 ' ij^iinning on deep-water .ships at the a^e of thirteen. After sailing to vjirions parts of the world for over ten years, he went to tiie 
 I .reat Lakes, serviiiK there and on the Lake of the Woods for thirteen years. On coming to the r.ioilic Coasl In was first enj;a,i.'e(l 
 .,^ master on the steamer iu'Ue, afterward Koi"K ^^ the Mastotte, which he eoninianded durinj; her entire career, perl'orniin^ excelltnt 
 vork in handliii); heavy freight and as a wrecker, .\fler the IniriiiuK of the Mcisioltc Captain McCoskrie ran the steam schoo'ier 
 .'>fls,/iic/' for a short time. 
 
 Stkamkk "annik Faxon" Aftek IC.ki'I.osion 
 (See also page 3,i'>) 
 
 
 f ! 
 
 %, 
 
 <=. 
 
 
4ia 
 
 Lewis c? Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Mystic, H. H. Morrison, captain, William McKenzie, engineer, was struck by the steamer State of ll'as/ii>ii;ti>ii, 
 Capt. G. H. Parker, in Seattle harbor, P'ebruary 17th, during a dense fog, the tug going to the bottom 
 immediately. She was afterward raised and repaired. Tlie little steamer A/i/lo/i, on her way from Seattle to 
 Tacoma, took fire August 8th, was beached, and soon burned to the keel. The sternwheeler B//is, plying bi'twc^n 
 Seattle and Sydney, was totally destroyed at the latter place by a fire which broke out at one o'clock in the 
 morning, while the watchman was asleep on board. It spread .so rapidly that the steamer was cut loose from the 
 wharf, and she drifted acrcss the inlet, where she was scuttled too late to save anything. She was comparatively 
 new and was valued at $20,000. She was in charge of Capt. W. H. lillis, her owner, and W. VV. Gates, engineer. 
 The historic schooner /o/i/i Hancock was wrecked at Sand Point, Alaska, April 6th, while on a codfi.shing 
 expedition. The John Hancock was constructed at the Hoston Navy Yard for a Government tug in 1850, and a 
 year later was .sent to Annapolis, Md., as a practice ship for the use of the Naval Academy. During llie 
 excitement attendant on the Lopez expedition she was armed with brass six-pounders and sent to the Gulf of 
 Mexico as a man-of-war. On returning to New York she was ordered to Boston, where she was refitted and sent 
 to Japan as Commodore Perry's flagship. When the difficulties in the Orient were settled it was on board the 
 Hancock that the existing treaty between the United States and Japan was signed. On returning .she cruised a 
 while on the Pacific Coast, was then placed in Mission Bay as a powder magazine, and was subsequently sold 
 to Middlemass & Boole, who rigged her as a topsail schooner. She made her final cruise in command of 
 Captain Gaffney. 
 
 The brief but exciting career of the unlucky steam schooner Michigan clo.sed in January, 1893, when she 
 left her bones in that well known marine cemetery on the west coast of \'ancouver Island near Cape Beale. She 
 was en route from San Francisco to Puget Sound in charge of Captain Graves with a full cargo of general 
 merchandise. When four days out from the California port she encountered thick weather, with a heavy westerly 
 sea and strong wind, which, with terrible northerly currents, sent her several miles out of her course, and at 
 10:50 p. M., January 21st, she struck the rocks about thirty miles north of Bonilla Point. The crew escaped in 
 the boats and reached .shore with their personal effects. Although the steamer was remarkably strongly 
 constructed, the great force with which she struck, together with the weight of her cargo, rendered it impo.ssibk- 
 to save her. As she was unable to communicate with Victoria from Carmanah light, Captain Graves crossed to 
 Neah Bay and telegraphed for a tug. The American tugs Sea Lion, Tacoma and Discovery, and the revenue 
 cutter U'olcott, started for the scene and brought the crew back a few days later. Considerable was saved from 
 the wreck by the Victoria wrecking steamer Mascotte. The Michigan carried a crew of twenty-one men and four 
 passengers. One of the former, a German known only as Charlie, became delirious through his hardships on the 
 beach, wandered off and died from exposure. Purser F. M. Bucklin suffered greatly from the same cause, but 
 soon recovered on reaching civilization. 
 
 Another historic steamship, the Wilmington, Capt. Peter H. Crim, made a fiery exit from a varied ami 
 exciting existence. She arrived at Astoria from the Sound, January 31st, after a six days' trip, during which 
 she received severe injuries in a terrible gale, in the midst of which her lime cargo ignited. The flames were 
 extinguished or subdued, .so that no further danger was anticipated, but five days later, while lying at Linntoii, 
 six miles below Portland, smoke was again seen i.ssuing from the hold. An attempt was made to smother the 
 fire, but the men were soon driven from the hold, the hatches were battened down, and the crew at once moved 
 all the stores and what freight they could .save to the wharf. The fire started at 9:20 r. m., Sunday, February itli, 
 and by daybreak the heat had become so intense that the engineers were forced to abandon their post. At X:i» 
 o'clock the flames burst through the decks and soon consumed the masts, rigging and cabin. The steamer 
 Ocklahaina was .sent to the rescue but could do nothing except pump the hold full of water, and it sank, warped 
 and t.visted, injured beyond all possibility of repair. The Wilmington was owned by the Merchants' Steamship 
 Company, composed principally of the smuggling syndicate of which Nat Blum and William Dunbar were the 
 principal members. The steam schooner l-lmily, Capt. F. G. Lucas, while cro.ssing Coos Bay bar, struck and lost 
 her rudder, July tyth, and becoming unmanageable drifted on South vSpit, proving a total lo.ss. Tho.se on bo.ird 
 were rescued by the life-.saving crew, only one life being lost, that of a pa.ssenger who refu.sed to obey the 
 instructions of the captain. The limily was built in 1S87 and valued at about $20,000. 
 
 The Chilean bark Leonore, from Valparaiso for Puget Sound, was wrecked October 4th three miles noilli 
 of Quillahuite River, Captain Jenaca, his wife and four .seamen being killed. The bark was caught in a terrilile 
 storm, in which the captain lost his bearings. At about 1:00 A. .m. on the fourth the lookout reported a vessel uti 
 the weather bow, mistaking a rock for a ship. The helm was put hard down, and a moment later the Leonore 
 struck on the rocky shore. The wind was blowing a hurricane from the northwest, and the rain was driving 
 down in torrents. When she struck, Captain Jenaca .seemed to lose all control of himself, and his wife screamed 
 and ran to the mate for protection, saying that her husband wanted to throw her overboard. For a few minulvs 
 the utmost confusion reigned, tremendous seas were breaking over the ship, the wind was whistling through 'Jie 
 rigging, and the keel of the ve.s.sel was grinding to pieces on the rock. The captain forcibly took his wife from 
 the mate and leaped overboard with her, and a moment later a heavy sea dashed them against the side of llie 
 vessel, instantly killing both. The cook, carpenter and one sailor followed the captain, and the sailor was the 
 only one to reach the beach alive. Thirty minutes after striking, the vessel broke in pieces, and the crew drilled 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 i 
 
 3J 
 
Growth of Deep-water Commerce, Great Loss of Life by Marine Disasters 
 
 413 
 
 a varied and 
 
 luring which 
 
 flames were 
 
 at I.innton, 
 
 smother Ihi.- 
 
 once moved 
 
 February sth, 
 
 est. At H:<x) 
 
 The steanitr 
 
 sank, warped 
 
 ts' Steamship 
 
 bar were the 
 
 ruck and lost 
 
 ose on board 
 
 to obey the 
 
 miles north 
 
 in a terril)le 
 
 d a vessel on 
 
 the l.fo'i'it 
 
 was driviiii; 
 
 vife screaiiH-d 
 
 few minut's 
 
 through '.lie 
 
 his wife fi^ni 
 
 le side of the 
 
 ailor was the 
 
 ; crew drilled 
 
 ashore on the wreckage. The boatswain succumbed to the cold and was washed off the raft and drowned. The 
 survivors, all of whom were barefooted and scantily clothed, made their way along the beach to Neah Bay, where 
 they telegraphed for assistance. The tug Discovery was sent to the scene, but no trace of tlie wreck remained. 
 The Leonore was a wooden vessel of 843 tons. 
 
 The three-masted schooner /. C. Ford, Capt. Charles Brown, from San Francisco for Aberdeen, foundered 
 (iff" Gray's Harbor, February 17th. She left the Bay City, February gth, with a cargo of lime and machinery, 
 arrived off the mid-channel buoy February 17th, and, in attempting to run into the harbor, a squall drove her 
 on the South Spit, where .she lost her rudder and a long strip of the keel extending to the mainmast. She 
 immediately began to fill, and while one portion of the crew worked the pumps the other was employed in 
 keeping her off shore by working the sails. After two days the pumps became plugged and the vessel almost 
 uncontrollable. The next morning the lime caught fire. The scliooner was then about thirty miles off shore, 
 with a tremendous .sea running, and the chances of safety for her crew were small ; but, on the third morning 
 after the disaster, the Victoria .sealing schooner Hrenda bore down upon them and .succeeded not only in .saving 
 those aboard, but also in securing about $2,000 worth of property before the /•o/'n' went down. The vessel was 
 owned by S. E. Slade and Capt. Charles Brown and was of 231 tons register. She was built at San Francisco in 
 18S1 and valued at 5i,i,ooo. 
 
 The whaling bark Sea Rane;er, Capt. Charles H. Foley, was wrecked at the extreme western point of 
 Alaska, May 25, i8y,v She had run in before a light breeze to enable the crew to land and bury the body of 
 James McKee, who had died at .sea. buv. ..t-"rk an unmarked rock, and a heavy .sea soon knocked her to pieces. 
 The captain and a portion of the crew were brought to Port Townsend on the City of Topeka. The sloop Conic/ius, 
 which left Victoria in December, 1892, with about forty contraband Chinamen, was found bottom up one hundred 
 miles .south of the Columbia River, February 10, 1893. No trace of the crew or passengers was ever found. The 
 American bark Co7i>litz, 797 tons, Capt. William Hansen, with a crew of fourteen, sailed from Port Gamlile for 
 San Francisco, January 29th, and has never been heard from. The steamer Grace, belonging to Capt. W. B. 
 .Seymore, caught fire while lying at her wharf at Chico, and her owner sustained a loss of S''>,ooo. The wrecker 
 Whitelaw, well known in the Northwest, parted. her moorings during a sudden squall at Russian Gulch, Cal. 
 The propeller fouled, and the steamer 
 was rendered helpless and drifted upon 
 the rocks, becoming a total loss. The 
 steamer Truckcc lost her propeller on 
 Tillamook bar March 20th, and, after 
 transferring her passengers to the 
 Augusta, started to sail to San Fran- 
 cisco, but being unable to make head- 
 way was towed into the Columbia River 
 liy the tug \\'allo;va. The river steamir 
 A'. A*. 'I'lioiiipson was sunk at Mount 
 Coffin 'i .le 22d. and the Oricut .it 
 Portland, April 12th; l)oth were after- 
 ward raised and repaired. 
 
 Two of the oldest marine men in 
 the Northwest passed away in i.Si)3. 
 Capt. Jackson O. Hustler, who came 
 Id the Pacific Coast in 1849 and com- 
 menced piloting on the bar with the 
 schooner .'^ary Taylor, died at Astoria, 
 I'chrtiary ist, and Capt. George P'lavel, 
 another pioneer of 1849, at his home in 
 .\storia. July 3d. Other deaths were Capt. George T Ivasterbrook, a res' !.nt of Pacific County, Wash., since 
 1S53, at his home on North Beach in June ; Capt. V,. J. Moody, a well known river pilot, from the effects of 
 heart disea.se, at Portland, June 23d : Capt. John J. Holland, for twenty years master builder of the Oregon 
 .Steam Navigation and Oregon Railway & Navigation companies, at Seattle, January 28th ; and Archibald 
 X. Gilniore, chief engineer of the steamship Orei>oii, at Portland, January 21st. Mr. Gilmore was formerly 
 in the I'nited States \avy and was o .e of the engineers on the old monitor Mouaduock when .she was brought 
 to the Pacific Coast. He was for nearly fourteen years chief engineer of the Oregon. 
 
 The most important steamer built in the Willamette district in 1894 was the Lercistou, which was 
 obstructed at Riparia by the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company to take the place of the Annie Faxon, 
 wrecked in a boiler explosion in 1893. The new steamer was one hundred and sixty-five feet long, thirty-four 
 leet four inches beam, and five feet three inches hold. At Portland, Capt. F. B. Jones set afloat the Fugcne, a 
 li.i,dit-draft sternwheeler one hundred au<l forty feet long, twenty-eight feet beam, and five feet hold, with engines 
 twelve by sixty inches. The steamer was placed on the run between Portland and the headwaters of the 
 
 l-HANK MeDKRMilTT CAPT. K. S. HnWARllS 
 
 V. S. STKAMIIOAT INSI'KCTIIHS, \Vll,[.A.MKITK DtSTRieT 
 
414 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Willamette in coniinand of Captain Wand. Tlie whaleback Ci/v of Everell was launched at Everett in 1894 but 
 was not completed until 1895. Small steamers built on the Sound were the City 0/ Hothwcll, length sixty-four feet 
 nine inches, beam fourteen feet five inches, depth of hold three feet four inches ; City of Renton, length forty fuel, 
 beam ten feet, depth three feet five inches ; Enigma, length forty-eight feet eight inches, beam fourteen feet, depth 
 five feet six inches. The latter steamer was launched on I<ake Wa.shington by Riddel & Ward to take the pliioe 
 of the old .-/. /VrX'/wj. The .steamer .//vV/ was constructed at New Whatcom and the Vigilant sA Ballard. The 
 schooners Stella Hrland and Pciii^iiin were also set afloat at the latter place. The schooners Loyal and 
 A/. M. Morrell were completed at Seattle, and the Ella Johnson, a fine sealing schooner of one hundred tons 
 burden, at Port Angeles. At Port Blakely, Hall Brothers built the Hawaiian steamer Eyas, the seventy-eighth 
 vessel constructed by them in twenty years. At Coos Bay the barkentine Omega and schooners (ieneral Siglin 
 and Peregrim were launched. The British bark Anher was rebuilt at Port Blakely by Captain Calhoun and 
 placed under the American flag. Victoria's fleet was increased in 1894 by the steamers Shelby, Mamie and Stian, 
 constructed in the Province, and the tug Mogul vmA .schooners Amateur, South Bend, R. J. Morse a.nA Pachwallis, 
 all of American build, which were this year placed under the British flag. The sternwheeler Gwendoline, plying 
 on the upper Columbia River, with headquarters at Golden, W. C, was added to the inland fleet. 
 
 Capt. D. B. Jackson, to whom the Puget Sound country is indebted for her finest steamers, in i,Si)4 
 followed his former successes, the Wa.shington Steamboat Company and the Puget Sound & Alaska Steamship 
 Company, with the Northwestern Steam.ship Company, which .secured the Rosalie, George E. Starr and Idaho. 
 The Rosalie, a propeller one hundred and thirty-six feet long, twenty-.seven feet beam, and ten feet hold, i-, --s 
 built in Alameda in 1893, sent north for the Puget Sound and Alaska route, but, after making a few trips 
 
 there, was turned over to her present 
 I, ■ owners. She was placed on the 
 
 Victoria run in charge of C. W. 
 Ames, captain, with William William- 
 son, pilot, and the Starr and Idaho 
 were operated to Port Townsend by 
 way of the mill ports. All of the 
 steamers enjoy a good business, and 
 the new company bids fair to prove 
 fully as profitable as any of its 
 projector'.s previous ventures. Cap- 
 tain Jackson is president, and is 
 assisted in the management by B. I'". 
 Brierly and Henry F. Jackson. A 
 marine railway, with a capacity for 
 handling vessels up to 1,000 tons 
 register, was completed at Victoria in 
 1894 l)y William Turpel and proved 
 a great convenience to the scores of 
 sealing schooners and other craft making their headquarters at that port. British Columbia's lumber fleet for 
 1894 included fifty ves.sels, thirty of which loaded at Vancouver, twelve at Moodyville, four at Victoria, three at 
 New Westtninster and one at Cowichan. Of these cargoes, that of the British ship Verajean, consisting of 
 1,622,000 feet of lumber, was sent to Alexandria, Ivgypt, this being the first .shipment of that commodity to arrive 
 at that port from the Pacific Coast. Another was sent to Amsterdam, while the remainder were distributed to 
 various European, Oriental and vSouth American ports. The growth of this branch of the nKiiine industry is 
 strikingly illustrated by comparing the records of a single day with the business of forty years ago. One day's 
 fleet in 1894 was nearly eipial to that of the entire year in 1854, although .so short a time has elapsed that some of 
 the men engaged in handling the first lumber and coal cargoes from the Northwest are still in service. 
 
 October 25, 1894, the following vessels were loading coal on Puget Sound or in British Columbia : At 
 Tacoma —American liark Gutherer, Captain Nervick. At Seattle — American ships Raphael, Whitney ; Columbin, 
 Neilson. At Nanaimo — American bark Highland Light, Hughes ; ships Wihia, Slater ; B. P. Cheney, Masher : 
 \V. F. Glascock, Graliam ; Rufus E. Wood, McLeod ' ; C. /•'. Sargent, lioyd ; Glory of the Seas, Freeman ; John ('. 
 Potter, Meyer; Elvell, Ryder; Louis Walsh, Gammons. Those loading lumber were: At Tacoma — American 
 barkentine Willie I. Hume, Bridgman ; ship Dashing Ware, Morehouse"; .schooners Carrier Dove, Brandt; 
 
 'Capt. William J. MoI.eoil was linrn in Nova .Scotia in 185S and has been engaged in the marine business since 1873, sailiii),' 
 out of Nova Scotia ports for many years. While in the ship Sea Kifi^ a few years ago, she was in collision with the French sliip 
 I'iiioiiiir off the coast of Chile, and both vessels were dismasted and put into I'isagua for repairs, where the Sea King was .sei/t'l 
 The matter was in court for seven months, and, finding it difTicuIt to secure justice, the captain slipped his anchors cue night ai.d 
 started for .San Francisco. A man-of-war was sent after him, but, supposing he would go up the coast, followed a blind trail lur 
 forty-eight hours witl'.out sighting the vessel. The Sea Kint; in the meantime went off shore, with every .stitch of canvas spread. 
 For the past few years Captain Mcl.eod has been in charge of the ku/iis /i. IVomi in the coal trade. 
 
 'Capt. George F. Morehouse was born in Massachusetts in 1^56, came to San Francisco in 1S71, and began running betwccM 
 San Francisco, Puget Sound and Honolulu in the brigantine Norlli Star, subsequently wrecked off Cape Flattery. He has been in 
 command of several well known coasters since then, and was master of the ship Dashing ll'az'c when she made the fastest trip "ii 
 record between San Francisco and Tacoma. He is still in charge of the Have and when ashore resides in San Francisco. 
 
 (^.^ififTinmii^! 
 
 NOHTHWKSTKRN STKAMSHIP CdMI'ANV'S STHAMKH "ROSALIK' 
 
Growth of Deep-water Commerce, Great Loss of Life by Marine Disasters 
 
 415 
 
 At Port Hadlock — American barkentiiie 
 
 ^v^t 
 
 Jennie Wand, Olsen ; Annie Larson, White ; limma Claudina, Neilson ; British ship IVindsor Paik, I.ambie. 
 
 At Port Blalcely — American schooners Alealde, Sanders; Vesper, Lunhaldt ; IVilliam II, Talbot, liluhm ; 
 
 Ceorge W. Watson, Friedherg ; bark Ceylon, Calhoun; barkentines Modoc, Bosch; John Smith, Oroth ; ship 
 
 Carondelet, Brannan ; British ships Graystokc Castle, Griffiths; lieechmont, Sauter ; Chilean ship Ge(iii>ina, 
 
 I'aroda. At Port Gamble— American barkentines .Skagit, Robinson; Amelia, Ward; bark Arhcright, Moore'; 
 
 schooner Spokane, Jameson. At Seattle — American bark Colusa. 
 
 Retriever, Sloan ; ship Guardian, Bogan." At Vancouver — Ameiican 
 
 harkentine /migard, Schmidt ; brig Geneva, Paulson ; bark Colorado, 
 
 l'"erguson ; British bark Alexandra, Barfield ; ship Linsmore, Fergu- 
 son. At New Westminster — American .schooner Sadie, Smith. 
 
 The German bark Senta, Thiemann, at New Westminster, and the 
 
 liriti.sh bark Corryveehan , Abbott, at Victoria, were loading salmon. 
 
 At Tacoma the British ships Andrana, Adams, /iton //all, Lorison, 
 
 Glenftnlas, Patterson, and l.ewiston, Latta, were loading wheat. The 
 
 American schooner //'. /•". Je-actt, Johnson, was at Port Angeles 
 
 and the schooner Norma, Thompson," at Port Townsend, ready for 
 
 sea. The barkenline Wrestler, Bergman, was at Victoria repairing, 
 
 and the bark Melrose, Kalb, at Port Town.send awaiting orders. The 
 
 Shirley, at Tacoma, and the Vidctte, Northwest and Tidal Wave at 
 
 Port Madison, were laid up. The latter three were sold in December 
 
 by the United States marshal to A. W. Jackson of San Francisco. In 
 
 iScj4, at the Port Townsend custom-hou.se, 268 ves.sels registering 
 
 over twenty tons were enrolled, and 105 were also registered there 
 
 under twenty tons burden, making a grand total for that district of 
 
 37,^ ve.s.sels, with a total net tonnage of 94,225. 
 
 The closing days of 181)4 were marked by a series of marine 
 
 disasters attended by greater lo.ss of life than in any year since the fatal 
 
 1S75. The steamers A/ontserrat and Keiveenaw and the ship /van hoe, 
 
 carrying over eighty people, sailed away with coal cargoes, and were 
 
 lilotted out of existence with all on board. Scanty pieces of wreckage 
 
 found on the desolate islands of the north furnished the only clew 
 to the awful fate which overwhelmed them. The first of the trio, the 
 American ship /vanhoe, sailed from Seattle, September 27th, with the 
 following crew: Kdward D. Griffin,'" captain ; James J. Tooliig and 
 Charles Christian.son, mates; William Andolin, carpenter; Hans 
 Stephenson, M. Stewart, Frank vSaariner, H. Johnson, Ivmil I<owen- 
 roth, George Cordner, Samuel Hart, J. Johane.s.son, M. C. Gunderson, 
 Lenart Holm, W. Herman, John Ander.son and Martin Jacob.son, 
 .seamen, and two Chinese cooks She carried four passengers, among 
 them Frederick J. Grant, editor and part owner of the Seattle /'ost- 
 /ntetligencer, one of the most prominent men in Washington. The 
 /vanhoe passed out of the straits in tow of the tug Tyee on the 
 evening that .she left Seattle, in company with the Yoscmilc, belonging 
 
 CAi'T. William H. Moore 
 
 'Capl. Williiuii H. Moore li.is liecii sailiii); in llie coasting traile out of Sail 
 l'"raiicisco lor nearly twenty years, He was mate on the /. II. H'alkir in 1S7.S, liclil 
 the same position on the bark II 'Una, anil was master and male on the C. F. Satgent, 
 In 1891 he had the hitter herlh on the tng I'iouecr anil has recently been in com- 
 mand of tile hark Arkwriglil. 
 
 'Capt. James Ilogan was born in Ireland in 185.: and commenced noin>; to 
 sea when ten years old. In 1867 he began sailing out of New York ports and in 1872 
 came to tlie Pacific Coast and joined the Sliirliy, then ship-rigged, going from her to 
 Cait. jAMKS iiDOAN the stcaiiier Slmhi ick, where he served for tliree years as tinartermaster tind afterward 
 
 held a similar position on the Slate of Cali/oniia. He was for five years male on tlie 
 sliip Pashiiig Have, then took coinmand of (he hark Saiiio:el, which he sailed for two years, and was then appointed master of tlie 
 /'in/iim; Wave. He left the irirrr to take charge of the. S7;/r/(T. on which he had entered .service as a sailor many years before. Since 
 tliit time he has handled the brig Courtney Ford, .ship Giiantian and barkentine A'elriever, taking the latter vessel in Jannary, 1S95. 
 
 'Capt, J, S. Thompson was liorn in Calais, Me,, in 1864, and commenced his marine service on the ship Alivaiider Gidsoii 
 uheiiabov. \fter making one vowige with her he went to the ship .S7, /(J.v^'/i//, which was sold in Liverpool, and Thompson was 
 It iiisferreii to the ship .SV. Afarl;, where he ran as third mate. He was afterward on the ship Manuel l.laguno as third and second 
 in lie, and then returned to the St Mark in tile latter capacity. His last trip in the deep-water trade was witli the ship M'illiai)' A'. 
 'iiiir.i- as mate, and on leaving her he took command of the schooner Ckaltenger, wliicli he sailed iti the coasting Ininlier business 
 fniir years, going from her to the scliooner A'orma, which he handled in the same trall'ic a similar length of time, always making 
 l.i-t and successlul trips. In 1.S95 he pnrchased an interest in the bark iWonautum, which he is now commanding. 
 
 '"Capt, Udward I). OrinTin was born in Massachusetts in 1856 and was engaged in the marine Imsiiiess for over a (jnarler of a 
 o iitury. He was one of the crew of the shi]; Steward Heniieman, which capsized on the equator, and was one of eight survivors 
 It of a crew of fifty. .After coming to the Pacific Coast he sailed tlie Ivanhoe for several years. He left Seattle with her on her 
 lilt voyage in November, 1894, aud nothing has been heard of the fate of the Ivanlioe or her crew. 
 
 : i 
 
4i6 
 
 Lewis c? Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 to the same owners. Outside she was with the l>arkentitie Robert Sudden, Captain Burkhoini, until the 
 next day, when a heavy soiitlicast gale sprang up, which increased in violence until it blew a hurricane, 
 accompanied l)y rain and hail, and the weather was so thick that nothing could he distinguished at a 
 distance of a few hundred feet. It cleared a few hours later, hut nothing was .seen of the Ivunhoe. Tlit 
 revenue cutter (haul made a short cruise in .search of the vessel, hut, as is usually the case, was not sent to tlie 
 rescue until long after her opjiortunity of rendering a.ssistance, even if such a thing had been possible, had passed. 
 Considerable wreckage was sighted along the coast for .several weeks after the storm, but the first that w,is 
 identified as belonging to the Ivanhoe was one of her life-buoys picked up on Chri.stie Island, Harclay Souml. 
 This led to the belief that the vessel foundered soon after passing the straits, as she was .seen going off short.- lo 
 the southwest soon after the Tyce dropped her. The presence of a northerly current in this vicinity is well 
 known, but a few weeks later the ship's name-board was picked up on the northern .Sand Spit at the entrance to 
 Willapa Hay, over one hundred and fifty miles south of the spot where the buoy was found. This board, wliiili 
 
 was from the port quarter, was picked up by the lighthouse-keeper's 
 wife December i8, 1S94, who found it standing upright, deeply buried 
 in the sand, with only the last letter of the name visible. Its geiieial 
 appearance showed that it had been exjw.sed more to the action of 
 the blowing sand than the sea, the gold lettering of the name being 
 remarkably well preserved. Commander Farenholt of the Thirteenth 
 Lighthouse District secured the board and sent it to James D. Hoge, 
 Jr., of Seattle, accompanying it with a letter .setting forth facts strongly 
 bearing out the theory that the Ivanlwe must have been in Llie vicinity 
 of the Columbia River when she met her fate. Commander Farenliolfs 
 letter reads as follows : 
 
 CATT. DaVM) O, Bl.AL'KHrKN 
 
 "The prevailing ocean ciirreiit.son the const of OrcKou iinil \Vasliiii),'iiiii 
 are from tlie soulhwanl ; southerly winds increase their velocity. Close insliore. 
 at rare intervals, a weak current from the northward is experienceil. Ilnovs 
 breaking adrift from their moorings olf the coast are never found on the lieacl' 
 near their ori^riual anclioraj^e, hut mile.s away, in some cases hundreds, to the 
 northward, and this, too, when it is known that they broke adrift during a 
 nortlierlv ^>\\^. I do not wish to advance any theory, for the particulars of the 
 loss of tile Ivanhof can only be surmi.ses, but, to jud^e from the finiliu^' of this 
 boaril at Willapa Bay, it would .seem that the ship fonnilereil nuicli farther south 
 than is generally believed. It is improbable that this l)oard was carried inshore 
 otf or near Cape I'lattery by a current setting to the southward, against stnm^' 
 southerly winds and currents. The topography of the coast line from I'laltcry In 
 Willapa is such that a lloating object drifting from the northward would pro'.iahly 
 have stranded at one of the many nutre prominent ])laces than the beach iit 
 Willapa. It is surmised that the IViinluH' sprang ' a leak,' or that the hiUilus 
 were crushed in by heavy seas. Tumps coidd not free her, and, with her 
 heavy carno of coal, she rapidly foundered. The condition of the board hears 
 out this theory. There is in> mar or defect to be seen. It had l)een slrouj^ly secured to the ship's (piarter. Had the vessel been 
 in collision or been dismasted. I shoulil Infer from the locality where the board was placed that it would have at least been 
 scratched or otherwise injured " 
 
 The Iiaiilwf was built at Belfast, Me., in 1K65, and was two hundred and two feet long, thirty-nine feet 
 beam, and twenty-seven feet depth of hold, net tonnage i,5/>3. She had been in the coasting trade between ,S;ui 
 Francisco and northern coal ports for several years and was owned by the Hlack Diamond Coal Company. 
 
 The stcamslii]) .\foiilsrirat left Nanaimo late in the evening of December fith, and the following morning the 
 steatnsliip AVr, (■<■««,■,' left Comox. The .Uoit/srna/'s crew was as follows: David O. Blackburn," captain ; John 
 Brewer, first ofiicer ; M. Carroll, second officer ; Tlioinas Brennan, chief engineer ; T. Linehan, first a.ssistaiit : 
 I. Williamson, A. Vobenson and K. Agtiilera, firemen ; H. C. Otto, Frank Brito and Thomas Madden, 
 coal-pas.sers ; George Holland, P. Hayes, John Heney and M. Moore, oilers and water-tenders; Thomas Williams, 
 carpenter; A. Palla, Alexander McDonald, R. Hager, Theodore Nordstrom, I.ouis Simonson, Gus Borgeseii and 
 John Johnson, seamen ; John Grolaw, steward ; George ICmanuel, cabin boy ; J. Berros, messmau. With the 
 A'l'U'iriiau' were W. H. Jenkins, captain ; A. W. Bowdoin, first officer ; H. O. Jenkins, second officer ; Charles S. 
 Smith, chief engineer ; Arthur Jackson, first assistant ; Archie Kollock, second assistant ; J. W. Ryan, tliir.l 
 a.ssistant ; L. W. Ravenaugh, carpenter; Hans Jack.son and J. W. Ujornklund, quartermasters ; Hans Swansoi}, 
 M. Hanson, Robert Wal-'s and Max Miller, se.imen ; Charles Daley and James Dolan, cooks; H. Thompson, 
 pantryman ; Thomas Martin, waiter; John Fraser, messboy ; Paul Vincent, George F. Wood, George W. Dakeii. 
 oilers ; Charles Lee, Luke Moore, John ICvoy, A. Burke, B. Stevens and Thomas Colleron, firemen ; Michael 
 
 "Capt. David (). Hlackbnrn was a native of Nova Scotia and arriveil on the Pacific Coast nearly twenty years ago. His lir.-t 
 work was as a fisherman on the Cohimbia River, and on leaviuf; there he entered the steamship service, working his way up friiii) 
 third mate to master. He was at different limes in charge of the .4/ A7, Wilmington, (hnnlilla, it'n/hi Walla, IVillamtllf, ami 
 several other well known coast steamships, and was so successful with all of his charges that he was commonly alluded lo as " I.uek 1 
 Blackburn." When the Afitnhiital was purchased for the coal trade, Illackburu secured an interest in her and took commanil. lb 
 made two trips to the Gilbert Islands on blackbirding expeditions, which proved so profitable that he soon secured a conlrolliui; 
 interest in the vessel, which was always a money-maker. Capt. Blackburn obtained several large salvage fees for towing disahh d 
 steamers into port and had a highly successful career until the terrible storm of December, 1S94, .sent him down with his ship. He 
 had his faults, and may have engaged in questionable pursuits, but, for all that, he was a whole-souled son of the sea and will long 
 be remembered as a unitjue figure in steamship history in the Northwest. 
 
ni« 
 
 Growth (if Derp-wiitiT Commvrcv, Greit Los^ of I Iff by Mnr/nc Dit^nnttrs 
 
 •I'; 
 
 1, until llic 
 
 1 hurricauf, 
 lishc-d at a 
 i>i/ioi\ TliL' 
 t sent to lliu 
 
 had pus^cil, 
 rst that was 
 rcliiy Soiinil. 
 ; off shore to 
 inity is will 
 
 2 entranci; to 
 )oard, wliiih 
 juse-ket'licr's 
 leeply buried 
 
 Its general 
 the action of 
 : name being 
 ic Thirteenth 
 ues I). Huge, 
 facts strongly 
 11 ihe vicinity 
 ;r Farenholt's 
 
 11(1 WasliiiiKlim 
 
 Close iiisliiiru, 
 
 ■ieiieed. lUmys 
 
 111 on the lii:ul' 
 
 niidreils, to the 
 
 adrift (liirinn a 
 
 irtieiilars of llie 
 
 ■ tuiiliiig of this 
 
 ■li farther sonlli 
 
 carried inshore 
 
 against strong 
 
 from riaUcry In 
 
 would pro'.mlily 
 
 ill the heaoli at 
 
 lat the liatelies 
 
 and, willi her 
 
 ihe lioard liears 
 
 the vessel la-eii 
 
 at least liein 
 
 rty-iiiiie feet 
 between San 
 
 )any. 
 
 morning the 
 aptain ; John 
 rst assistant ; 
 mas Madden, 
 nas Williams, 
 Borgescn and 
 With the 
 Charles S. 
 
 Ryan, thiid 
 ins Swanson, 
 I. 'rhonipson, 
 ge W. naken, 
 lien ; Michael 
 
 :r ; 
 
 s ago, Uis lost 
 is way np from 
 WillaDifltc, ami 
 •A to as "I.uck, 
 coimuand. Hi 
 ed a controlliiii; 
 towing disalih'l 
 h his ship. Hi 
 ja and will lonK 
 
 Kavciinngh and John Ward, coal-passers ; ICdward N. Snow, apprentiie. The Moitl^i > ml was supposed to have 
 two or three passengers aboard, as Hlackbiirii was noted for his getieiosity in this respect, and seldom nuule a 
 trip without carrying on',; or two who were unable to pay their way on the regular steamers. The Moiilsciriil 
 iiid A'('.-. V(V/i/// came together near Cape Flattery on the afternoon of December 7II1, and were la.st seen by the 
 lookout at Tatoosh Island toward evening, about ten miles out, iiluiiging head on into an iiureasing southwest 
 gale. The .Uo>ils< mil ■.\\. this time was a few miles ahead, atid when they were sighted again in the evening she 
 was about half a mile in the lead, still bucking into a head sta liiat was gaining in Itiry. As they vanished in 
 the darkness the h'luviitali was .seen shipping an immense sea. This was the last glinip.se of either vessel, and 
 the particulars of their terrible fate will never be known. 
 
 The storm grew in ftiry and continued for over a week, doing a great amount of damage atid strewing 
 wreckage along the coast from San Diego t<i Alaska. .Motitlis passed befure anything which could be idetilified 
 as belonging to either of the steamships was fouinl, but on I'Vbniary j.Slli the medicine chest of the .Vonl.ui 1 nl 
 was discovered on the beach on the southeast end of Mtalin Isl.ind. The brass plate bearing the natne of the 
 vessel ,ind builders was removed and given to Captain Wallace ol the (V/i iV '/'opiku a few weeks later. In May, 
 iHi)5, the schooner Maiui S. ran into Ro.se Harbor, (Jueen Charlotte's Island, and, in passing through the Indian 
 village, her officers found numerous pieces of finished wood which apparently belonged to the lost colliers. Two 
 of these, which were nailed to the walls of a hut, bore the tiames yfoitl^cnot and h'lat'iiuih. The liiKling of this 
 wreckage .so far from where the vessels were last seen would indicate that they turned before the gale and were 
 looking for shelter when they went to the bottom. One theory is that the k'curciia/i, which was not so well 
 adapted to rough wetither as the Moiilsirnit, broke down, and, in attempting to give her a line, the Moii(sii lat 
 collided with her, sending both vessels to the bottom. lilackbtirn on mure than one occasion had |>ut haw.sers 
 aboard disabled steamships, and, reali/ing the value of his services in case he could sa\e the k'i:,itiia/i, he may 
 have taken risks that a less daring mariner would never have incurred. Atiolher theory, wdiich is generally 
 accepted, is that both steamers, being overloaded, foundered and went down so iiuickly that tioiu of the men had 
 a chance to escape, Hlackburn's reputatiim for templing fate in this manner was notorious, and, although he 
 had a remarkably stanch steamer, he invariably loaded her down tititil she was left without sulllcient buoyancy 
 to rise with the sea. His numerous hairbreadth csca|)es and the advice of his friends hail no eflect on him, and, 
 when remonstrated with, he would only smile and say : " Never mind her. She's all right : she cati climb a 
 tree." Captain Jenkins of the A'<r.vv- 
 luili had a much weaker vessel and 
 lor this reason had never taken the 
 chances with her that the fearle.ss 
 Blackburn had with the Mivitsn 1 at ; 
 Imt, if the collision theory is not the 
 coriect one, the k'fhrfnuli would have 
 had but small hope of safety in a 
 storm tliiit would send the .Voiilsci > <il 
 to the bottom, even though not over- 
 loaded. 
 
 The \'ictoria tug listclli- met 
 with a terrible fate in February, 1.S94. 
 loutidering off Cape Mudge, cairying 
 every man on board to the bottom. 
 Particulars of the disaster will always 
 retnain a mystery, as there were no 
 witne.s.ses, but, from the appearance 
 if wreckage found in the locality, 
 the wreck must have been similar to 
 that of the Slniidani, which was lost 
 at the same place two years before. The l-'.sUilc left Naiiaimo, l''ebniary ,;d, witli feed and supplies foi the 
 logging camjis on X'anconver Island, in charge of Capt. James Christiansen, Jr., who had taken command 
 biit a few days before. With him at the time were Herbert Whiteside,'' chief engineer; Robert Wilson, 
 assistant engineer: George Hallett, fireman; Carl Johnson, mate: William Morrison, deckhand ; a Chinese 
 took, and Norman McDougall, part owner of the vessel. The first intimation of disaster was the finding 
 of wreckage at the mouth of Campbell River. A man named Ilalstonc picked up a life preserver and 
 a quantity of chopped feed. He then notified a neighbor, and they made a further search, finding a large 
 portion of the pilot-house and the engitie-room door. The condition of this indicated that tiie accident 
 
 Sl Iv.AMMHIl' 
 
 '■'Herbert Whiteside, engineer, was liorii in England in iSfiS, ,iiiil, after a thorough eoiiise at Steplietison's werks at 
 Xewcaslle-npon-'ryiie, he lienau riiiiiiiii),' as eii),'inecr on Oriental liners. On eoiiiiiiK to this eoast a few years ajjo, he worked on the 
 / ';«<', .llnskaii and other vessels, and in I'ehniary, 1S9.1, went ont on his last trip as engineer on the ill-fated I'sltili', from wliicli 
 11" tidings have ever come. 
 
 y", 
 
I 
 
 418 
 
 I rtvis ^ Dryikn's Marine History of the Pacific Nnrthwst 
 
 CaI'T. jAMKa ClIHIsriANSFN. JM. 
 
 was dill' tt) :iii cxjilosidii, wliirli iinisl have lici'ii of a iiiosi viok-nt nature, ns llu- heavy liniher.s and inm 
 railitiKH liad been turn to splinters. Mr. Ilaslnin, one of the owners of the steamer, ncednipanied Captain 
 Cluistiansen, Sr., to the scene of the wreck and expressed the opinion that the explosion must have occurred in 
 tile open air Ucfore the vessel sank, otherwise the wreckage wo\ilil not have heeti so hadly shattered. Others 
 were c(|nally certain Unit the steamer was caught in the tide rip ne.ir Cajie Mn<lne, and that the explosion, il 
 there was any, did not take i>lace until she foundered. Ca])tain Christiansen, who had charge of the tug, was a 
 son of the pioneer |)ilot Christiansen, and, altlionnh a younj; man, was an 
 experienced mivinator in Urilish Coluniliia waters. No trace of any of the men 
 was ever found. Tlie /:".i7<7/(' was Iniilt at Nanaimo in i.S()i under the supervision 
 of Ilaslam, her uianaRinK owner, at a cost of Jjn.doo. .She was ninety feel 
 lolly;, sixteen feet heani, and nine feet hold, with engines fourteen and twenty-six 
 liy eighteen inches. The boiler was only a year old and was allowed i,^s pounds 
 of steam. McDoUKall, who was on hoard, had purchased an interest in the 
 vessel only a week before. 
 
 In December the venerable bark Soiil/ieni Chief, from Taconia for Port 
 Adelaide, Australia, with 1)70, ooo feet of lumber, saved the lives of those on 
 board by fallinn to jjieces off Cajie Flattery, instead of K^'tting so far seaward 
 that her crew could not reach shore. She was lowed out by the tug \\\\iidfn-r 
 and squared away before a fre.sh southeaster, which twenty-four hours later 
 increased to a moderate gale, in which she laliored very heavily, straining 
 every timber in her frame. A big leak was soon started, which the pumps were 
 unable to keep ilown, and thirty thousand feet of the deck load were jettisoned. 
 Two hours later the stern ((uarlers were carried away, every seam appeared to open, the decks bulged up, 
 cajisizing the donkeyengine and l)oiler, heavy seas swept the decks, the steering gear was adrift and the vessel 
 perfectly helpless. She was at this time about fifty miles southwest of Cape Flattery. On the third day out 
 the crew were rescued by the barkentiiie Skagil and after.vani landed at I'ort Townsend by the tug Sin Lion, 
 which with the llolyokf and /Vdwciv started after the derelict. The //<>/r('Xr sighted the abandoned vessel forty 
 miles west of Cape l-Mattery, and, when she got alongside, found Second Mate Ha>es of the barkentiiie A'ltriiur 
 in charge. The JMrokr was the first to put a hawser aboard, the Sni I. ion did so a few hours later, and together 
 they towed her into I'orl Townsend. She held together until she reached port, but on examination it was found 
 that, instead of the ship carrying the cargo, it was carrying the ship, as the ve.s.sel was cnimbling to pieces. 
 
 The Sontlnnt Chief was nearly forty years 
 i, old, and made her first trip to I'ort Townsend 
 
 in i,Ss7. At that tiir.e the captain had a 
 serious disagreement with his crew, which 
 ultimately resulted in the death of three of 
 the sailors. The men retained an attorney 
 to ])rosecute their claim, and, not being satis- 
 fied with his settlement with the captain, 
 threatened him with personal violence. In 
 the fight which ensued the lawyer shot Jaiiies 
 Sparrotl and Alexander Clarke, killing tlieiii 
 instantly, while Muckley was clubbed to death 
 with the butt of the gun. 
 
 The William A. Beehf. a I'liget Suuiul 
 production about twenty years old, w:is 
 wrecked on the ocean beach about three iiiiks 
 .south of the ClifiT House, December m, i.'<()|. 
 The schooner was from Port lilakely for San 
 I'Vancisco, and in attem])ting to cross the l)ar 
 struck and began pounding to pieces in llie 
 breakers. The crew were driven to the ri.L; 
 ging and rescued by the life-.saving crew 
 The schooner Nora I/aikiiis, in ballast from vSan Francisco for Gray's Harbor, lost her rudder while IryiiiK 
 to beat into the harbor October iTith and drifted on Peter.son's Point, where she became a total wreck. 
 Peter Peterson, a seaman, was washed overboard and drowned, but the rest of the crew escaped. Tlie 
 British bark .\iclicr, from Victoria for the Columbia River, was abandoned off Cape Flattery, Maicli 
 i8th. She encountered a fearful gale, accompanied by a blinding snowstorm, in the midst of which litr 
 loose shingle and rock ballast shifted until she was on her beam ends. The crew hung to the iim^ii 
 rail for several hours before they were able to launch a boat, Andrew Anderson, the carpenter, and Kv.nn^ 
 a .seaman, being swept away and drowned. Capt. John Dawson and the rest of the crew escaped in a Imal 
 
 Wki;lk in- Sliihunkk "William I.. »ki;iik" 
 
drowth of Dfvpwntcr ConiniiTcr, (Innt I.ohs of LIfu by Marine Dianstrrs 
 
 I") 
 
 rs and inm 
 icil Caiilaiii 
 occurred in 
 ;d. OtlKMs 
 x])liisi()n, ir 
 • tun, wns a 
 
 I>ul);ed up. 
 
 1(1 lllU VLSSll 
 
 lird day (Uil 
 
 ig Sid I .ion. 
 
 1 vessel forty 
 
 ilie h'ltricii r 
 
 and tii).;(tlar 
 
 it was fouiiil 
 
 ij; to ]iieivs. 
 
 forty years 
 
 rt Towiisend 
 
 )tain had a 
 
 rew, wliicli 
 
 of three iil 
 
 in attorney 
 
 beinj; satis- 
 
 lie i-aptaiii, 
 
 ioleiii-e. Ill 
 
 shot JaiiR^- 
 
 cillin^; tlieiii 
 
 bed to death 
 
 ii(;et Smiiul 
 us old, \va^ 
 
 three miles 
 )er in. [Xt,\. 
 kely for San 
 ross the liar 
 )ieees in the 
 n to the riu 
 aviiig crew, 
 .vhile tryiiiK 
 total wreck, 
 aped. The 
 ery, Manl: 
 which la: 
 o the pi'"!' 
 
 iiid Evan^, 
 ed in a boat 
 
 and n few hours hitiT were picked up by the ship /o/ni ('. Pollir. Captain \[eyer, from nepnrtiirc Hay for San 
 I'"rancisc(). The .hi/i<r was afterward towed into Clayo(piot Sound by the C.inadian I'acilic N'avinatioii 
 Company's steamer ,\fiiiuii\ and Capl. John Irving subseipicntly secured the tug I'ioiirtr to take her to \'ictoria, 
 where she was sold to Capt. Unfiis Calhoun f<ir about $.(,<h)i), Iler new owner spent about )H.'ii,o(i(i rejiairing her, 
 and she is now sailing under the American flag. Tlf 'rig /'. /('. Linas. from Hoodsport for San l-'raiicisco, 
 was abandoned at sea olT Port Orford, October j (tli. She liail battled against a southeast gale for over a week, 
 ilnring which she began leaking so badly that the clew were unable to keep her free. Captain Hose then starte<l 
 In run for I'ort Orford and on the morning of the Iwciity-fonrth was picked up by the steamer lloiiur. Captain 
 I'aton, who took the crew aboard and carried them to San Frimcisco. The derelict continued lloating in thai 
 vicinity for several months before she finally went to pieces. 
 
 The Hritish steamship ('ri>ir)i of l'.ti\iliind, which had been in the coal trade out of Nanaimo for the past 
 year, was wrecked on Santa Rosa Island in Novel 
 b 
 
 |.S(;4. She was en tonic from San Diego to N'aii.iimo in 
 lUast, went on the rocks during a dense fog, striking at two o'clock in the morning, ami was soon !)attereil 
 
 to pieces by the sea. All hands le.iched the island 
 
 ifet\ 
 
 d John I'oolc, first olliccr, 
 
 five of the crew 
 
 went to Santa Monica and telegraphed for assistance. The tug /'ciir/fss," Capt. Dan II. Haskell, was .sent to the 
 scene, an<l the wreck was afterward purchased by .San I'rancisco parties, who succeedeil in saving a large portion 
 of the machinery. The (.'nnoii ot liiii^lond was a i,ri(io-ton iron steamship built in iScjn, and was well kno'vii in 
 
 the '1 I'lli as the first steamer chartered by Samuel Samuels iS: Co. to 
 
 between the ( )rient and Seattle. Not 
 
 making a success of this traile, she was chartered by John Roseiifeld <S: Co. of San I'laiicisco and for the past year 
 
 had been iii the coal traffic. 
 
 .\t the time of the di.saster 
 
 she was in charge of James 
 
 Hamilton, captain ; John 
 
 I'oole, first oflicer ; Henry 
 
 McOeorge, second oflUer ; K. 
 
 Mehaffy, chief engineer ; D. 
 
 D. Dunn, first assistant; and 
 
 Iiihii Clarke, second assistant. 
 
 '. wii we 11 k II own 
 ste. :nshi' ■ on northern routes 
 twenty years before came to 
 grief in iS(;4. The first of 
 these, the l.oi A >i i; f I r s , 
 fornierly the United States 
 revriuie cutter W'viiiidii, was 
 wrecked at Point Sur, April 
 jist, while I'll route from 
 Newport, Cal., to San Fran- 
 cisco. The steamer sank in 
 ,d)oul six fathoms of water, 
 and the crew and pas.seiigers 
 
 look to the boats, part of them reaching shore at Point Siir. The others, with the exception of Xolaii, the 
 fneiuaii, and two passengers, who were drowned, were picked up by the steamship luncka. The vessel was a total 
 wreck. She was in charge of Capt. George Iceland and Chief Engineer Wallace. The other old-timer was 
 the Niii'bt'iii, Captain Von Helms, from Guaymas for .Sail Francisco. She was eight days out from the I'ormer 
 ]")rt with a cargo of oranges, tan bark and bullion, and thirty-two passengers, and at 3:00 .\. m., October 
 1 (th, grounded a few miles north of San Pedro lighthouse. .She wa.s running in a dense fog, a swift current 
 carried her off her course, and she went full speed on the rocks. The pas.seiigers were rowed ashore, and the 
 vessel broke in two shortly afterward. 
 
 The second attempt to tow a log raft on the Pacific Ocean was made in 1S94 and resulted fully as 
 disastrously as the first. The leviathan was constructed at Stella, about forty miles above Astoria, by Baines iS: 
 Robertson, and contained ten thousand logs bound together by immense chains. It was five hundred and 
 twenty-five feet long, contained nearly five million feet of timber, when ready for sea li.ad seven feet of free board 
 
 '■'Tilt.' Uin /•'i\ti/i'is is a Pacific Cnast proilndioii ami was liiiiU at llie I'liiDii Iron Works, .San I'raiu-isio. in iSy2, iinilir llii' 
 --u|>t'rintt'nilt'nce of lier inaster. C'lj)!. l);ni H. Haskell, for John I). Spreckcls ^: Co.. at .1 cost of ;f i.),t.(xm}. Slif is the most tinely 
 vijiiipiieil anil poMcrfnl lUHhoat in the worlil. Hit <li"H'nsions are, length one lintiilrecl ami lifty-tlnee feel, beam twenty si\ feet, 
 ami tleptli of hold sixteen feet si.v inches, with en^jines twenty, thirty ami ftft_\' !)>■ thirty-six inches, develojiin^ iifteen hnmlreil 
 'aorse -power ami enahliii),' her lo make very fast time with heavy tows. .She fnllilleil the ex]iectation9 of lier hnilders on her llrsl 
 iiip liy towiiij.; a 2, zoo-ton ship from San Diego to San I'rancisco. a distance of 4S5 miles, in fifty hours. C)winj.; to Iler si/e. power 
 .ind speed, she has proved a valuable addition to the tUKlioat Heel, not only at the Hay City, but all along the I'acific Coast, where 
 ^he has made <a number of lows between the Columbia Kiver, I'uj^et Sound, .Sail Iiie^o and Sail I'raneisco and has also made 
 everal cxlemled crni.ses in search of derelicls. Her hull is built tiirounhout of steel, iron and leak, (jiving her jjreater sUiiiKtli 
 ihau is possessed by any similar craft on the Coasl. She has been hamlled since compleliou by Captain Haskell, who has been fully 
 .IS .successful with her as with Iler predecessors. 
 
 Tl 'i ' l-I.AKl.l.SS' 
 
 H! 
 
420 
 
 Lewis (| Dryclen's Marine History of Me Pacific Northwest 
 
 at its liigliL'St ijoiiil, and was drawing; twenty feet of water. It was constructed in the form of a cigar, fifty-two 
 feet wide in the center, willi a central circumference of one hundred and thirty-seven feet and at each end of sixlv 
 feet. The main cliain, \vl\ich liad an liistorical interest as the anchor chain of the ill-fated Vnndnlin, wrecked at 
 Apia, Samoa, was of one and seven-eighths inch iron, and the cross chair. ', which were run at right angles, were 
 placed at intervals of twelve feet and were of one and oiie-<iuarter inch iron, each attached to the main chain in 
 such a way that the strain of towing, when it came on it, would h; brought to hear on every chain in the 
 structure. The tug Moiundi was .sent up from San I'rancisco and in command of Captain Thompson left Astoriii 
 with the raft at io:,vi .\. .m.. October 12th. The bar was smooth, and the big tow was soon heading for the .soutli. 
 In the evening the wind l)egan to ri.se. and at midnight a forty-mile .southeaster was blowing. At 4:00 a. m. the 
 tug had made but eighteen miles since leaving the Columbia, and that afternoon another gale commenced, .so that 
 she could make no headway ; and all that night the Moiituch and the raft rolled in the trough of the sea. The 
 wind ea.scd up the next morning, but the heavy sea running rendered it extremely difTicnlt to proceed, and at 
 daylight piles were noticed coming out of the raft both fore and aft. At 10:00 A. .M. on the fourteenth the steamer 
 had made forty-six miles of her jonrne\ . A thick fog, accompanied by a heavy westerly swell, was encountered 
 on the morning of the fifteenth, and at 4:00 i>. m. the v wvX was blowing forty miles an hour with an ugly cross 
 .sea. The next morning the waves were rapidly battering the raft to pieces, and an hour after daylight there 
 were only seventy five feet left together. Finding thai further efforts were useless, the remainder of the tow was 
 cut adrift. There were sixty tons of chain arDiind the piles, and, as the timbers slipped out, the chain went to 
 the bottom, anchoring the tug until the hawser was cut. 
 
 The steamer Oiifcii. plying on Kaniloops Lake and T'-omp.son River in charge of Captain Ritchie of 
 New Westminster and Engineer Martin, was blown to pieces by a boiler explosion July 4th. The accident 
 happened at seven o'clock in the morning, just as the steamer wr"' landing at a point about twelve miles north of 
 Kamloops, at the mouth of Tliompson River. Joseph Kusliond, fireman, and Joseph Priette, cook, were instantly 
 killed, and the captain, who was at the wheel, was scalded, cut and bruised. J. \\. Saucier, owner of the (Jitcei!. 
 was aboanl at the time but eseajied comparatively uninjured. The Williani /irii/t,^ struck a rock at Sand Bar, 
 near Farr s Bluff on the Fra.ser, in June, and sank in a few minutes. An unsuccessful attempt was made to raise 
 the steamer, and she was then abandoned and at low water stripped of her machinery. The /i ;iiii; had been 
 up the river to tow to Westminster the A'. /'. killni, which had broken her shaft the day before when rounding a 
 sharp turn in the river. The schooner Maiy Gilbo t, Cai)t. J. W. Dodge, with a cargo of merchandise, was lost 
 off the south head of Alsea Bay. I)eceml)er 17th. The whaling barks Abyaliaiii /Im /cfi\ Rcindcfi and /niiin 
 Allen were wrecked in the north in iSv4, the latter on the Aleutian Islands, where she struck a rock and 
 foundered, over twenty lives being lost. 
 
 The bark A'. A'. //,nii. Capt. I. W. tine, met her fate on Dungeness Spit in August. The ves.se 1 had made 
 over one hundred trips b.tween I'uget Sound and vSan Francisco in charge of Captain Gove, who had never liefoie 
 lost a man or met with an accident. It was at first hoped that th'.' bark would be again afloat, but her age 
 prevented saving '.nything except portions of the rigging. The" barkentine /ii/;;/ U'tu ns/ti , from Seattle for ,Saii 
 F'rancisco with coal, was abandoned December iitli forty miles off (Cray's Harbor. The crew were rescued by 
 the barkeutine North Bend m\A landed at lloiiniam, December 15th. The schooners Fanny Dti/ard anA Noncny 
 collided off Clallam Bay, January nth. The latter vessel received injuries which could not be repaired and 
 drifteil over to the Vancouver Island shore and soon broke up, the crew being saved. The bark /ic>naiu(t. from 
 Port Gamble for Delagoa Bay, ,Si,itl'. Africa, went aground December 22'\ at the entrance to the harbor of Flast 
 London. Captain Stetson had ligiileiied the ship by taking off her deck load belon- attemptinj; to iiitei, luit the 
 water was too low, and the old lumber drogher went to jiieces. The small sehooiK-r (iairiii was wrecked near 
 Cape Meares lighthouse, I)eceml)er uth. 
 
 The steamer Coliimlna, the flagship of the Columbia & Kootenai Steam Navigation Company's fleet, burned 
 to the water's e-lge near the boundary line at i:,V' --V- ''^L. August 2d. The fire started in the engine-room, ami 
 within live minutes from the time the alarm was given the entire steamer was in flames, and the pas.seiigers ami 
 crew were iiiialile to sc.ure .ill of their clothi.ijf. The Colianoia was in el ige of John C. Gore, captain ; Fred 
 Bell, engineer ; and C. .\. \\ right, purser. The steamer (h /en/ ended a career of vici.ssitudes in September, iScj.), 
 by burning at Kelso on the Cowlitz River. She had sunk on the river in June, and at the tune of the 
 conflagration was on the beach for rejiairs. The steamer Dii[>aleh burned May 24th at Friday Harbor, the 
 Messenger four days later at Tacoma, and the I'/ii;// '/'. Piiee at Port Gamble. January iith. The Cily 01 
 S/anicood, owned Iiy the Staiiwood Xavigati^Mi Company, burned to the water's edge at Port .Susan, January 21>1. 
 while on her regiii...- trip from the Stillagu- •iiisli River to Seattle. She had a full cargo of oats and hay, and tin 
 fire \,as not discovered until it had gained ,so iiiiieh headway that it could not be extinguished. The steamer w.i-^ 
 valuei' at about Sio,(iiii) and was insured for $5 'oo. 
 
 A new style of marine craft, ii which gasoline was use.', -s motive jiower, appeared in the Northwest i)i 
 1.S94. T' e largest of these was the Moio, ninety-five feet longand twenty-two feet beam. She was sclioouer-rigge'l 
 and lia<l a speed of eight knots an hour without the aid of sails. The .Uoio and severa' .ther gasoline schoonei- 
 were engaged in halibut fishing, and. owing to the small cost of operation, proved very profitable. The halibiit 
 bulks in tlie Northwest li.ul fiir several years been fiirnishiug large (piantities of this most delicious fish, and in 
 
ar, fiftyUvo 
 end of sixty 
 , wrecked M 
 angles, were 
 nin chain in 
 •liain in llic' 
 1 left Astori;\ 
 sr the sonth. 
 •.oo A. Ji. tht 
 need, so that 
 le sea. The 
 iceed, and at 
 1 the steaniir 
 i enconntered 
 m ugly cross 
 aylight there 
 " the tow was 
 :liain went to 
 
 in Ritchie of 
 The accident 
 niles north of 
 ,vere instantly 
 of the Oitceii, 
 at Sand Bar, 
 made to raise 
 i/wi,' had been 
 en rounding a 
 idise, was lost 
 ■fi and /(iMis 
 k a rock and 
 
 sstl had made 
 
 d never before 
 but her age 
 
 jealtle for San 
 
 re rescued by 
 
 /and A'onrdV 
 
 repaired and 
 
 lioiiaii:,a. from 
 arbor of Ivasl 
 rnlti , lull the 
 wrecked near 
 
 's lleet, burned 
 
 ;ine-rooni, and 
 
 passengers and 
 
 captain : Kred 
 
 pleniber, i!S94' 
 
 e tune of the 
 
 • Harbor, the 
 
 The Lily ol 
 
 January 21 si. 
 
 il hay, and tin 
 
 he steamer wa-; 
 
 Northwest in 
 
 chooner-riggeil 
 
 )line schoonei- 
 
 The halibut 
 
 \is fish, and i:i 
 
 
 
 Growth of Dvcfi-water Commen-.v, Great Loss of Life by Mnrim; Dis:isfers 
 
 421 
 
 1894 the Victoria Trading & Fishing Company was organized for the purpose of engaging in the trade in a 
 practical manner. The hull of the old steamer /.uttn/ was .secured as a floating station for the fisliermen, supplied 
 with facilities for storing the fish, and placed in charge of Capt. J. I.,. Anderson. The steamer Thislle, Capt. 
 Wallace Langley, was engaged to ply between the grounds and Victoria, from which point the halibut were 
 shipped Hast, Tiie business has proven highly successful, the Thisllc on more than (me occasion returning with 
 cargoes of over one hundred thousand pounds, those of her first six trips aggregating five hundred and twenty 
 thousand. One day in 1895 the crew of the Thistlf and other fishermen in the employ of the company took 
 73,557 pounds of fish, which is said to be the largest catch of halibut ever made in a single day by one vessel. 
 
 While the early publictition of this work forbids a detailed record of marine progress in 1895, space is given 
 to some of the more important events to show that the new Northwest is not permitting its prestige to wane. 
 Ivcss than a decade has elapsed since the first regular steamship left the Orient for the Northwest, yet the present 
 year witnesses a dozen magnificent liners plying between China and Japan, and the Columbia River, riiget Sound 
 and British Columbia. Another 
 line has established a finej trade 
 with the Antipodes, while a third 
 is finding a market for Northwest- 
 ern products in far-away Africa. 
 The grain and lumber fleet is larger 
 than ever before, and the number 
 of vessels on river, lake and sound 
 are keeping pace with the progress 
 on the high .seas. In a few months 
 the long-delayed canal at the Cas- 
 cades of the Columbia will be 
 fini.shed ; then, with a boat railway 
 at The Dalles, the immen.se wheat 
 crop of the inland empire will fioal 
 seaward on one of the grandest 
 commercial highways on the face 
 of the earth. I'uget Sound rejoices 
 over the completion of the large 
 Goveriunent drydnck at Port 
 Orchard, and the beginning of 
 work on the ship canal which will 
 connect Lake Washington with lilliott Bay, thus alTording the Ijueen Cily all t'lC advantages of oilier fresh- 
 water harbors. This work recinires the excavation of thirty-five itiill'on cu'.ic yards of e;ulh, and, when 
 completed, the canal will be 10,225 f^'"-'' '""K. '^'^ ft"'-''- wide at ll-e bottom, and will accn i-.nuxla'.e ships of thirty 
 feel draught. It will require but one lock, as the lake is less Ih in twenty feel higher lliaii the bay. 
 
 The largest craft of any description ever .set atloat in 'he Northwest was the wlialebaek C .'.:■ ot l'.:ii;il, 
 which was completed at I'Aerett early in 1895 at a cost of nearl;- S.V'o.oo. 1. This steamer, the material lor wliich 
 was brought out on the (". W. Wftntoir. is three hundred and sixty-one feet long, fort\-two feet beam, and 
 hventy-six feet six inches hold, with engines twenty-four, thirty -eight and sixty-four by forty two inches, turning 
 a fourteen-foot propeller. She has four Scotch boilers eleven by twelve feet. While steaming in ballast she 
 ilraws about fourteen feet aft and eleven feet forward, and when Io::ded has a draft of about twenty t'eet six inche's. 
 Her carrying capacity is 4,200 tons, beside 375 tons of fuel. The eiili;;' hull is const- iieted of ^Uel, the plates being 
 nine-sixteenths of an inch in thickness at the bottom, with double keel plale^;, the on'.sulc one being thirteen- 
 ■'ixleenths of an inch. The frame is composed of keel and keelson, with five ridet keelsons on either side. 
 Ivach frame is of angle steel, twenty-four inches apart, joined at the lo|), forming, in hoop shape, the deck beams. 
 The outside structure is bound across with heavy steel beams nine by iVuir and one-half iiulies, attached by 
 heavy knee plates to every fourth frame, and fore and aft to angles seven liv three inches, three at a side. 
 I'erpendicularly she is supported by stanchions on either side to alternate lloors and to the main deck. There are 
 >evjn water-tight bulkheads, three of which exteiwl to the deck. They include two collision bulkheads, one ten 
 feet and the other forty-six feel, from the drumhead or head of the vessel, and are compose! of three i(uarler-inch 
 1 ouvex steel, supported inside with plates. On complelion the steamer was chartered to Dunsnniir ..S: Co. and 
 made .several trips between Comox and San Franci.sco, also a (ew to the Sound in the coal trade, and was then 
 ' li;"^tered for tl.e Panama route. She started out in charge of R. I). Bucknain,' captain : J. .S. Cihson. chief 
 nllicer ; J. H. Hastings, second oflicer ; R, B, Blauvelt, chief engineer ; J, J, Chisholm, first assislant : and C. I,. 
 liellniorc, second a.ssistant. 
 
 i 
 
 -N_ 
 
 •s ««, 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 % 
 
 |9L. 
 
 _,.^| 
 
 ik 
 
 '% 
 
 B^^^Jv^^ 
 
 wk 
 
 w. 
 
 Caci. R. Coi.i.isrKH 
 
 INSI'ICCKIKS I 
 
 "Ciipt. Kansfonl I). Miu'knaiii was horn in Maiiit' in iSfiganil licLjan k"'"w; '" ^-i'-* wlu-n i ti()\ <»t twL-lvi-. Ilr lias si-t\vt| in 
 ' \urv I'aprn'ilv ami was for l\\<> autl a half vrars supi-rinU'n'U'nt nf tlir wlialcliack iK-ct nii llii- .Xllanlic Cti.i^^l. Ilr has ln'i'ti cnniu'i-ted 
 wiih till' whaii'baok ships (Voni Ihf lR'j,,ntitiinj,5 of thr (.'onipany, K"i"K '"*"> i'"^' l.akt's with I he i'olhx an*! // ttmoyr. H*' reachcil tlu- 
 t'.icifK' Coast in iSm ami took i-omtiianit ol' thr / i(y i\f' /\Vt'reli. Captain Uiu'knani is om- otttir yomim'st nnsti-rs t.M Ww I'ac'itir i.'oast. 
 
422 
 
 Lewis c? Drycleiis Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 
 Stkamkr " (Jor.rMniNl: " at l-rt.r, Si'l.KU 
 l*roin photo by H. 0. I.unl 
 
 The City of Everett was followed a few months later by another type of ocean steamer, which came from 
 
 England to enter the coal trade. The new arrival, which was called the Progressist, is known as a "turret," and 
 
 is a compromise between the modern whaleback and the ordinary steamer, hiving the bow and stern of tin.- 
 
 latter, but elsewhere the hull curves over, forming a deck similar to that of tht whaleback. The turrets as yet 
 
 are not so numerous as the whalebacks, only nine of them being afloat ac present, with five more under 
 
 construction. The "Marine Rngineer," in comparing the new type with the whalebacks, has the following 
 
 description of the Progressist : 
 
 " I'rom a loiij;iUiiliiMl point of view it is notewortliy that in tliu vessel's deck anil upper works there is no sheer, ahiimliiin 
 provision for surplus huoyatiey lieiut; proviiletl without tne spriuHint; of llie ends of tlie vessel npwnrd. Another longitudinal lealure 
 is the provision of an upper aiul two lower dei-ks, a divergence from the wlialeliack type, K'^'"K "'oin for the crew to exercise. 
 On the lower weather decks, which are each on the same level, one on the port siile and one ou the starlioard side, are ])l,icicl 
 timher-heads for mocri'.i>; the vessel. The upper weather ileck is of such a width as to admit of a port anil slarhoard ])assajie clear 
 of the hatch comhiu^,.-- and extends all fore and aft on top of the turret. Mere are the steam winches, slecriun j,'eai , windlass, 
 etc. The h.atches are of ahuornial length and wiilth, and, owin^ to the rounded Kunwliale and turret erection, the lioMs are 
 emphUically self-trimmed, this latter feature niakin}; the vessel especl.ally adapted for cargoes of grain. The vessel's enijincs 
 
 and hollers are at the extreme aft, and, owiii^ to the 
 coutinnity of the turret, hotli fore and aft and traiisverse- 
 • "" . - JT-. — .-j^*i .«.-- .-.■.,_ wise euoriuously increased longitudinal strength is pro- 
 
 vided. The port and starhoard lower weallier decks 
 have no cjiemugs cut in them, nor is the framing hrokcti 
 of its continuity. Careful consideration has also hiiii 
 given the seaworthy details of the ship. A high ]tlal- 
 forin is provided, so that a ilry deck is not om of the 
 (juestion. At the fore end of t!ie turret deck a hrc.ik- 
 water is fitted, thus ohviating the iio.ssiliiliiy of having 
 the dec'k swejit liy a heavy sea. Not oii]\- has a iiia\i- 
 mum amount of surplus linoyaney liceu provided, hut 
 the eciually inipoMant desideratnni, a large righting 
 angle, has hecn ohtaiued, whether the vessel he loaded 
 or in light trim. The vessel has an entire douhle hoiioiu 
 on the cellular system, with specially suhdivided tanks 
 at the after end, so that, without endangering the vessel, 
 water can he admitted to com]iensate for tlie ciuisuuiji- 
 ti<in of coal ami thus maintain a trim of at least three 
 inches by the stern. There is ample s]iace in the turret 
 for the accommodation of the crew, eillier at the fore or 
 at the after end of the vessel. A <leck-house is provided 
 for the captain, and a chart-room under the lUiiig 
 Iiridge ; and further aft, just ahal't the engine-room and 
 skylight, is the galley and entrance to the ollicers' and 
 engineers' rooms, all of which are inside the turret." 
 
 The Alaska Steamship Company, which was composed of Capt. George Roberts, George II. I.cnt .iml 
 Charles K. I'eabody, placed the Willapu on the Alaska route. The steamer left Seattle on her first voyage Match 
 3, i.Si)5, and has since been making two trips a month in command of Capt. George Roberts. A line was al.si/ 
 established in i Sq-, between Puget Sound and 1 )elagoa Hay, South Africa, the cargoes of the first steamers consisting 
 mostly of lumber, but a trade is being worked up in canned goods, dried fruits, produce and other commoditic- 
 plentiful in the Northwest. Business on the upper Columbia and Kootenai shows a marked improvement :'ii i.Siis. 
 The new steamer /,///]■ was placed on the upper Kootenai, between Libby and Fort Steele, .Mont., and the A'- / 
 Star was transferred from Okanagan to Kootenai lake. The Columbia & Kootenai Steam Navigation Company 
 are handling an immen.se trafllc, and have replaced the Columbia, burned in 1894, with the A'aiciisp, one of 
 the finest steniwheel steamers in the Northwest. She was completed in August and is one hundred :riil 
 seventy-one feet long, thirty-three feet beam, and six feet hold, with engines twenty liy seventy-two inches. She 
 is a three-decker, constructed after the style of the Long Island Sound boats, and has twenty-two st.iteicioiiis on 
 the saloon and fourteen on the gallery deck. The dining room is forty by seventeen feet, with a saloon seveiiltcn 
 feet high. The steamer was built under the supervision of Capt. James \V. Troup, manager of the eotiip:iii\ , 
 and, like his previous work, is a success in every particular. 
 
 The steamships plying between San Francisco and I'uget Sound and Alaska [lorts engaged in vigoKius 
 opiiosition early in iSy.s. The J'ara/loii had been running north fur several months and diverted a large amotinl ol 
 traflTio from the Pacific Coast .Steamshi]! Company by cutting rates. The big corporation decided to remove Iicr 
 by the same method, and fares between ,San Hranci.sco and Sotind ])orts went as low as $,s."i> cabin and $i.^" 
 steerage, while the iri//<i/>>i and C/ii/in/ suffered by a cnt to Sklcki lietween Sound ports and Alaska. The (.Jiilkiil 
 and the I'arallon finally withdrew, the latter going on the Yacpiina run, but as soon as rates were restored the 
 invincible C/iilkat returned to the .Maska rotite. The growing trade between the Orient and Northwestern ])orts 
 furnished business for a number of large steamships. The three /uiipresses of the Canadian Pacific line were 
 ta.xed to their utmost capacity, and the Northern Pacific .Steamshi]) Com])any increased their fleet with the new 
 steamships Hvcvntole 2, ^i^i^, S/rctt/iiieris 2, 2ij2, and //(Vikou' j.^i-tons. These, with the I'ictorin and 'I'atoiiin, 
 gave them one of the best etpiipped lines on the Coast. In June the Oregon Railway <<: Navigation Company 
 established a new line to the Orient, in which the Cliiltagoiig was the first steamship. She was followed liy 
 the .Isloiiit anil the Aitmore. This company .seems in a fair way to regain its lost prestige since the advent of 
 Receiver McNeill, who, recogin'/ing the factors which had so much to do with building ii]) that big corporation, 
 has devoted considerable attention to its marine business. The oHlce of superintendent of water lines w.is 
 aboli.shed, and Capt. K. J. Rathbone, formerly port captain of the company's fleet on the Sound, was app.iiiilcd 
 
Growth of Deep-water Commerce, Great Loss of Life by Marine Disasters 
 
 433 
 
 caitio from 
 urret," aiul 
 Lern of tin.- 
 rrets as yt-l 
 nore uiuliT 
 e following 
 
 ;cr, abiiiiilam 
 iidinal li-ainii' 
 
 U', Jtrt' ]>l;ii'(''i 
 jjiissa^c ck'iir 
 eai . wimilavs, 
 the holds iiri' 
 ^sel's t'Il,t;ilK-s 
 owiii^ lo till' 
 ml transversi-- 
 .it'ii^lh is piu- 
 ieatlier lU-cks 
 alliili^ Iirokt-n 
 has also hfi-ii 
 A hii^ll plal 
 lot out of till- 
 deck a hn-ak- 
 ilil\' of haviiii; 
 ly has a niasi 
 provided, hut 
 hir>;e rij^hlin^' 
 ssfl hf loaded 
 doiiUle hoitoin 
 Klivided tanks 
 -iii^ the vessil, 
 
 ■ tiie ootisintip- 
 at least three 
 
 ce in the turret 
 ■r at tile fore or 
 ilise is i)rovided 
 ler the living 
 i^iiie-rooiii and 
 he olTiccrs' and 
 the turret." 
 
 H. I.eiil and 
 oyage Marcli 
 line was alsc> 
 ersconsisliii!-; 
 
 ■ coninioiiiiie- 
 MR-iil :ii i.^'.A. 
 , ami lilt.' A''.' 
 ion Company 
 ikiiip, one id 
 
 iiiiulreil a'lil 
 
 iiiclics. She 
 
 l.itcMioms on 
 
 DOM seventeen 
 
 the eonipanv , 
 
 •d In vigoiiin> 
 
 ■^e iiiiiomil '•! 
 
 ,0 remove llel 
 
 nil ami S--5" 
 
 The ChilL-iil 
 
 e restored llie 
 
 iweslern ports 
 
 ■ifie- line weie 
 
 with the IHW 
 
 and VihOiihi, 
 
 lion Company 
 
 s followed liv 
 
 the advent ol 
 
 ^ corporatiini. 
 
 ater lines was 
 
 was appiinud 
 
 chief clerk. The Willamette service was at once reinforced with the sternwheel steamer lUiiiorc, which started 
 on the Portland and Corvallis run in February in charge of George Raabe, captain ; Miles liell, pilot ; and 
 William H. Mar.shall, chief engineer. Soon after the Elmore began running, Mr. McNeill placed an order for two 
 other light-draft sternwheelers, one of which was intended to ply regularly between Corvallis and Eugene City. 
 The A'. A'. 'riiomf>son and 7". /. Poller were extensively overhauled and placed on the Astoria run, the old 
 North Paeijic was brought around from the Soutid to handle the seaside traffic between Astoria and Ilwaco, and 
 the steamship Columbia on the Portland and San Francisco route was al.so extensively repaired. 
 
 The Colnmbia River & Puget Sound Navigation Company were not behind their rival, and early in the 
 year expended nearly twenty thousand dollars in transforming the llatley (ial.erl into one of the finest sternwheel 
 steamers afloat. Tiiey also chartered the Ocean Waif, which was operated as a through boat to Ilwaco. On 
 completion the (iatzert was placed on the A.storia route, and, alternating with the steamer Telephone, furnished 
 the Astorians with the best steamer service they had ever enjoyed. The remarkalrle trip of the Shoshone 
 through the Snake River cations had remained for a quarter of a century without a parallel, but early in 1H9S 
 Jacob Kainm's steamer Norma repeated the performance in command of Capt. W. P. Gray. The experience of 
 the Shoshone had demonstrated that it was practically impossible to get over Copper Ledge F'alls without 
 striking after passing, so Captain Gray built an extra bulkhead and filled the forward hold with cordwood to help 
 withstand the shock. After leaving the landing above the falls, the steamer darted forward like an arrow and was 
 carried down at such speed that she struck the clifT with great force but did not injure the bow seriou.sly. 
 She then bounded off, swung into midstream, and, like a racehorse, shot into Hell Cailon, where the river winds 
 like a serpent and the wall rocks tower to such a height that they almost shut out the sun. The torrent is so 
 swift that the passage is always filled with mist. After passing the obstructions at the head of the run, the 
 steamer went through the rest without incident, although the itien on board contemplated their own helplessness 
 with a feeling of awe as they were swept on at railroad speed, in some places sliding over rapids with a fall of 
 nearly twenty-five degrees. On reaching Riparia the steamer was hauled out for repairs preparatory to entering 
 a field of usefulness after her long years of idleness. 
 
 •Success crowned the eflbrts of the log-raft builders in 1895, and the first of these leviathans to make the 
 ocean trip from the forests of the north in safety was towed into the Golden Gate, August ist, by the steam 
 collier Mineola, Captain Pillsbury. This 
 raft was almost an exact counterpart of ■, \ 1 
 
 the one which left Astoria in tow of the 
 Monarch in i.Sy4, and contained 450,000 
 running feet of piles, equivalent to about 
 7,000,000 feet of lumber, to tran.sport 
 which, by the ordinary methods, would 
 have cost over $2i:,t)oo. The raft was 
 coit.Uructed at Stella, on the Columbia 
 I\iver, about forty miles above Astoria, 
 from which point it was taken to Astoria 
 by a river towboat, and thence over the 
 Columbia bar by the tug RcUcJ. There 
 tl'e Mineola was waiting, and at noon, 
 July 27th, made fast with iijn fathoms 
 (if rope aiid 70 fathoms of chain. >She 
 moved away at the rale of about four 
 iiul one-half knots an hour, and in the 
 first twenty-four hours covered a distance 
 of one hundred and five miles. Soon 
 .liter noon on Sunday she encountered a 
 southerly breeze and rough head sea, 
 which decreased the speed to three knots 
 
 an hour. Monday she made eighly-three miles, passing Cape Blanco at -':5o o'clock in the afternoon. Tuesday 
 tile raft was towed one hundred and eight miles, and Cajjc Mendocino, where the first raft met its fate, was passed 
 in safety. One hundred and twelve miles were recotded on Wednesday, and Point Arena was left behind. Nine 
 A. M.. August ist, fotind the big tow jiassing Point Reyes, and at 2:00 p. m. the Mineola steamed slowly into 
 the Golden Gate. In former attempts the fastenings had torn out, but in constructing this raft special attention 
 was given to the parts that had showed signs of weakness in the others. 
 
 The Victoria steamer I'elos met with a terrible fate March 22(1 near Trial Island while en route from 
 \ictoria to the stone ((tiarries on Haddington Island, in charge of Anderson, captain ; .\ndrew Christiansen, mate ; 
 .\;thur Hloor, chief engineer : William Law, assistant: Frank Duncan, deckhand; and Robert Smith, cook. 
 lMe<lerick Adams, contractor for the Provincial Parliament btiildiugs, was al.so on board. She left \ictoria at 
 iy;;,(> P. M. with the barge Pilot astern, i)assed Trial Island about ten o'clock in a very heavy southeast gale, and. 
 
 FM 
 
 
434 
 
 Lewis cj Drydens Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 as the wind increased, the lieavy tow rendered tlie steamer almost unmanageable. Finding that he could make 
 no headway, Captain Anderson decided to put back to Victoria, but, shortly after he came about, the rudder 
 chains parted, and a moment later the steamer was caught broadside by a terrible sea, which swept her on lln- 
 rocks. She soon sank stern first, leaving the bow only partially above water. Adams, Kloor and Smith were 
 swept away and drowned, Christiansen caught the hawser and climbed aboard the barge, and Duncan was 
 drowned in attempting to follow liini. Anderson and I<aw remained with the steamer, the former subsequently 
 swimming to an adjoining rock, receiving .serious injuries, while Uaw perished from exposure and was found the 
 next morning on the wreck. The Pi7(>/ brought up on the lieach of Trial I.sland, the men on board reached sluire 
 and the next morning hailed a fisherman, who carried the tidings to Victoria. Commodore John Irving at once 
 went to the rescue with the steamer Maude and brought back the survivors. Christian.sen is a brother of Ciipt. 
 James Christiansen, who was lost on the F.stcUc a few months before. 
 
 The IJritish tug Moiriil, which was rebuilt at Victoria in 1894, came to a sudden end May 12, 1895. In 
 command of Capt. Henry Smith she had towed the British bark Dana to sea, and after letting go the hawser 
 came alongside to recover the heaving line. In endeavoring to do this the tug and the bark came in collision, 
 the former receiving a glancing blow, which sprung her stem so that the water began to enter rapidly. Steam 
 was crowded on, and Captain Smith succeeded in beaching her in an exposed position about two miles east of 
 Tatoo.sh light, having found it impossible to proceed with her farther. As it was, she came very near sinking 
 under the crew. Several tugs were sent to the scene of the accident, but her injuries proved fatal, she soon began 
 breaking up, and hardly anything was saved. The Mogul belonged to the British Columbia Tugboat Company 
 and was uninsured. Slie was built at Tacoma in i88fi and had been under the American flag until a few months 
 before the disaster. The /tiidvvf, from Friday Harbor for Bellingham Bay, foundered in April a few miles out 
 from Fairhaven, and a pas.senger named Kantsman lost his life. Tlie steamer is said to have been overloaded. 
 The American bark Han'estcr, from Port Blakely for Delagoa Bay, went a.shore near the latter place in January. 
 The steamer Sfiokane. owned by the Columbia & Kootenai Steam Navigation Company, burned at Kaslo in 
 May, 1895. .She was lying at the dock, with considerable freight aboard, when, at 9:30 A. m., fire was discovered, 
 and it spread so rapidly that she became a total loss in a few minutes, 
 
 Whai.kiiack Sik.vmkr "City oi- i-;vkhi:tt' 
 
i 
 
 CHAPTItR XXL 
 
 TiiK Sealing Industry— The Fiksv Hi-nteks— I'ionkkrs oi- the Bi-siness i\ British Coi.fMHiA — 
 Schooners "Strpkisk," "Alert," "Kate" anii " Ivworite " — Alaska Co.mmhrcial Company — 
 Victoria 1'leet for i,S8i — Large Catciiics oi- "Ariicl" and " Juanita " -Amicrican Vessels 
 Under the British Flag— First Schooner in Bering Sea — Arrival of "Pathfinder" from 
 Halifax— Beginning of Bering vSea Sei/ires — " \V. P. Sayward," "Halcyon," "Thornton," 
 "Onward" and "Caroline" — Schooner "Active" Founders off Cafe Flattery— Schooners 
 " Kdwakd ]•;. Weiister," " Moi.lie Adams' and "Oscar and Hattiic " — "Pathfinder," 
 "Black Diamond" and "Minnie" Ricfusf; to Summit to Sei/.ure — " Carmoi.iti:," "Ocean 
 Belle" and Other I'ine Schooners Brought Around from Halifax— Racy Adventures of 
 Dan and Ali;x McI.I'Ian in ISering Sea — The Modus Vivendi — Tkrrihle F'ate of the"Mai;gih 
 Mac "— Seizure of the " Cckjuitlam " and "vShi;liiv" — "Mermaid's" Advknturi; with a 
 Whale — The 1894 Fleet — Wreck of "Henry Dennis " — "Dirix'tor" Makes a Good Catch 
 IN Southern Waters— Lo.ss of "Walter A. Ivarle "—Dangers of the Sealers' Life— The 
 United States Reiuses to Ahidi-: hy thf: Decision of the Paris Trihuxal. 
 
 iRALIXG is a branch of the marine business of the Pacific Northwest which, within the past 
 decade, has grown into large proportions. ICvery year nearly one hnndred small schooners 
 set sail from \'ictoria and Sound ports, each of the diminutive vessels carrying larger crews 
 than a modern two-thousand-ton merchantman. About four-fifths of this fleet have their 
 head(|uarters at \'ictoria, and, as the few remaining under the .\merican fiag are gradually 
 passing over to the British side, this chapter will treat prin- 
 
 -^^- -MMMMii^M cipally of the work of the \"ictoria sealers. Nearly a century 
 
 S'SlSaL^S}*{*^^» has elapsed since the first .seal-hunte:s appeared in the Norlh- 
 '■''""'' west, as, early in iSoo, Boston ships trading along the coast 
 
 would secure Ru.ssian hunters and go as far south as the F'arallones in search of the 
 
 valuable fur liearer. Although at that time the skins brought higher prices than 
 
 now, there was no attempt to make a specialty of hunting the seal, and, when the 
 
 reign of the fur-trader and e.\i)lorer gave way to that of the farmer and lumberman, 
 
 it was temporarily lost sight of except in Alaska, where the Russians enjoyed a 
 
 monopoly of the fur trade. Ca])!. William Spring' of \'icloria was the pioneer of 
 
 modern sealers and was associated with Capt. Hugh McKay in trading along the 
 
 Northwest coast. They began in a small way in the early fifties, and, as their 
 
 business increased, they established several posts. The Indian hunters w<nild occa- 
 sionally bring a few seal and sea-otter skins, which were bartered at the posts with 
 
 their regular catches. Capt. J. D. WarreiL who is still living in \'ictoria, was 
 
 engaged in this traffic at the same time, and, in sailing along the coast on their way 
 
 to and from the trading posts, the veterans were much impressed with the large henls of seals, and in 1868 
 
 induced the Indians to make more of a specialty of catchinir them. Spring and McKav placed the schooners 
 
 C.vi'T. trriiii McKav 
 
 'Capt. WilUaiii Spriu^ was Ijorii at Lebau, Russia, in 1S31. He was of Scoldi desot'iil, his father ln'itiK a civil eiij.;int.*er l)y 
 professiDii, who .saili'il fi)r Russia ill 1S27 in the employ of a railway (■"lupaiiy, Wliile in tlial country llie elilir ,Spiinn inarrieil a 
 
 enceil liis 
 lis arrival 
 
 Russian lady, ami sliortlv after the liirtli of liis son retunieil to I')iinlaml, wliere at an early a^;e yoniif; .Sjiriiin oomiueiicei 
 
 inartiie career. 
 
 He arrived at Victoria in iSsi, sailing fr 
 
 Francisco on tlie schooner Honolulu l\i,kcl. ,So 
 
 after 1 
 
 lie fiirmed a partnersliip with IIuj,'h McKay, a cooper liy trade, ami the two eUKaged in trading, and in curing ami salting' salmon 
 
4a6 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Nortlmest 
 
 Cai'i. W'n.i.iAM : 
 
 Siiipri- MiiX Alert in the business, while Warren had tlie A'j/t'. In 1869 the Favon'lr was built at Sooke by 
 
 Captain Spring, who intended her for codfishing and trading. She was afterward used in tlie Honolulu trallic and 
 
 also carried a few cargoes of lumber between \'ictoria and California ports. She proved too small for that purpose 
 
 and in the .spring of 1S74 engaged in sealing, and has been employed continuously since. For several years pii>t 
 
 she has been commanded by Capt. Lauglilin McLean, and until i,Sy4 
 
 was the only British sealer unmolested by American cutters. She 
 
 was then seized on the trivial pretext that her arms were not .sealed, 
 
 but wa.s subsequently released. Captain Spring was very successful 
 
 with the Fa:on'lt\ and her work more than that of any other ve.s.sel 
 
 demonstrated the possibilities of the industry. 
 
 The Americans had not overlooked the opportunities awaiting 
 
 them ill this connection, and, when the Alaska purchase wa.; made, 
 
 the breeding grounds in that vicinity were suppo.sed to be the only 
 
 places where .seal-hunting could be conducted profitably. The 
 
 .schooner Pioneer made a fairly successful trip to the Priliilof Islands 
 
 in 1868, but a few months later Hutchinson, Kohl & Co. secured the 
 
 exclusive right to kill .seals on St. George and St. I'aul islands. 
 
 This grant was practically the beginning of the Hering Sea trouble, 
 
 and in maintaining its policy of protecting the monopoly the United 
 
 States Government has spent millions of dollars and driven .scores of 
 
 American vessels to the protection of the Hritisli flag. The magni- 
 tude of the business was not thoroughly realized at its inception, and 
 
 the attention of small hunters, who were not financially equipped for 
 
 fighting the Alaska Commercial Company, backed as they were by 
 
 the United States Governnient, was diverted by the presence of large 
 
 herds along the coast of Oregon, Washington and British Columbia. 
 
 The Port Town.send pilot-boat Lottie in a tew days captured .seventy 
 
 skins off Cape Flattery in 1869. The high price of sealskin.s at this 
 
 period enabled Spring, McKay' and Warren to do fairly well, and a few American schooners began cruising off 
 
 Cape Flattery. Among the first of these to take out Indians was the Port Townsend schooner Mary l\irk,r, 
 
 which sailed in 1878 and 1879 with over forty Indians. The .schooner 
 Cluuiipion was built at Port Town.send by Capt. Iv. H. McAlniniul, 
 
 for the Honolulu trailf, wliicli at tliat liuii; was lUnirisliiui;. Tliey uUKaHfil iii 
 this l)usiiicss at ,Sooke and licecher Bay, and while there secured a loui;-l)(>at 
 from the sliip l.oyj Waloii. They gave her a schooner rig. called her the Ino, 
 and operated her in the freight aud mail trade between Victoria and Olynipia, 
 afterward selling her to Captain Lawton. In LSsft they purchased the sciioouer 
 Mottling Sttir, which was operate<l in trailing aud freighting inUil the latter ji.-trl 
 of 1.S59, when she was wrecked on Discovery Island, Ca|itain Spring, his wile 
 and .son being aboard at the time. The firm replaced the .Itonn'iij; Stor with 
 the schooner .S'h;/>»/.s'(', with which thev engaged in trading on the west coast in 
 f)pposition to l-'rancis & I.awton. In 1.S60 Captain Spring purchased the intcre-.t 
 of his partner, but a year later the two commenced building the schooner Xoith 
 Star, regarding which they disagreed, aud slie was finally scdd for debt. Tlu: 
 Surf^rise was continued in the trading business until iSfi.^, when a new partner- 
 ship was arranged between Spring, McKay and I'rancis, and the schooner .-lli'il 
 was added to the fleet. Several Irading-jiosts were opened .along the co.ist. the 
 firm did a large and profitable business, and in 1^69 built the schooner Fiiiviil, 
 at Sooke, iiUeiuling Iter for the codfisbing trade in the Sea of Okhotsk. This 
 I)roving unrcmunerative she was placed in the Honolulu trafiic aud afterward in 
 the .San l-'rancisco trade, but proved too small to be profitable and early in 1S71 
 was ])Ut in the sealing business, where she has since continued. Cajitaiu Spriiii; 
 was the first man to engage successfully in the sealing business in llrili^h 
 Columbia, and was also the first man to employ while men as hunters for .seals 
 in Hering .Sea, the schooner J/itiy A7/('«, Cajjt. Dan ^Icl.ean, being commit 
 sioncd for that service in iSS.). It was Captain .Sjiring's intention to send out 
 two schooners, one with white hunters and the other with Indians, for the 
 pur])ose of making comparisons as to the relative merits of the two kinds oi 
 crews. I'nfortuuately the pioneer sealer died while the Maiv lUleit was out 
 on her cruise in iS.S.) ; but his eldest son, Charles Spring, a native of New 
 Westminster, and who had virtually grown uj) with the business, carried out hi-, 
 father's intention a year later, .sending out the Afiuv Ellcti, Ca|it. Dan Mcl,e,iii. 
 with white hunters, and the Favorite, Capt. .Mex McLean, with Indians. Tlu- 
 final result showed but little difference. The f'avoyite wa.^ the first sticcesslul 
 schooner to engage Indians for sealing in liering .Sea. On the death of Capt. William .Spring, I'. I,uby, who had been a !nend>er ol 
 the firm for about two years, took charge of affairs, but shortly afterward sold out to Charles S|)ring. Tlie fleet at that time 
 included the Kale, <lii:eari/, Alfred .hlaiiis and Faviuile. He has been fully as successful as his father, and in addition to his 
 sealing interests has owned several small steamers at Victoria. 
 
 -Capt. Hugh McKay, who was one of the first men in Hritisli Columbia to engage in the sealing business, was born iu 
 Sutherlandshire, Scotland, in 1S2S, and in early life learned the cooper's trade. He came to Victoria about iS|S, and in i.Sfi), afu 1 
 \vorkiiig at his trade at Sooke tor two years, became associated with Captains Spring and 1-Vancis, who \\cre then couimenciti'.; 
 sealing operations. Captain McKay w.is interested in the schooner Fa;'oiile. and with his jiartners aftcrwanl owned the .llerl ami 
 Caroline. The firm eontiiiued for five years, whet; Captain McKay withdrew, went to San b'raucisco anil imrchascd the schooiu 1 
 Unward, which he operated ou his own account for two years and then purchased the .l/'red .Idaiiis, which he sailed until hi- 
 death in i,S82. 
 
 ■1 
 
 CiiAKLKS Spring 
 
A Brief History of the Bi Hish Columbia Sealing Industry 
 
 427 
 
 at SoolvL' liy 
 In trallic and 
 lliat imipuse 
 al years \n^\. 
 
 11 cruising off 
 !/(/; V /'tii7xi >■, 
 Tlic scluioiKT 
 . McAIiikmkI, 
 
 liev ciij^.i^tMl ill 
 ■ed a lotiy-boat 
 
 ll llCT llu- ///I', 
 
 a and (^lynipia, 
 d (he si'lioiiiifi 
 1 tlio latter part 
 ^prinjf. liis wifi- 
 lim; S/nr witli 
 le wust coast in 
 
 Sl'll till' illtlTl^l 
 il'llOOlUM- .\oith 
 
 tor ilelit. Tlu 
 a lU'W partm-r- 
 schooner .ilri I 
 i; lllc coast, the 
 loner /uirt" U< 
 )kliotsk. This 
 iicl al'tervvaril in 
 
 I early in 1S71 
 Captain Spring 
 less in liritisli 
 iinters for seals 
 
 leiiiH coniinis 
 
 ion to seiiil oiil 
 
 iilians, for tile 
 
 . two kinds of 
 
 /■://cn was out 
 
 native of New 
 
 carried ont his 
 
 Dan McLean. 
 
 Indians. The 
 
 first successful 
 
 n a member of 
 
 et at that time 
 
 addition to his 
 
 s. was born in 
 d in r,S6|, afti r 
 
 II c<nnmenciiii^ 
 1 the .-//,•;■/ an. I 
 i\ the schooner 
 mailed until hi- 
 
 1 
 
 who sealed with her until 1886, when she w.i.s sold to Chief Peter of the Neah Bay tribe. The /,of//c was 
 
 chartered in 1880 by the Neali Hay Fur Scaling Company. 
 
 I'rior to 1881 most of tlie ve.ssels would go on very short cruises, but, as the habits of the .seal became 
 
 better known, they began to ecjuip for longer voyages, sailing far .south of the Columbia to meet the north-bound 
 
 herd and follow it up the coast. The fleet in 1881 included the 
 
 \'ictoria schooners /'tuoii/e, Oincanf, Black Diamond, W'innifrcd and 
 
 Mary lUlcn ; J. 1). Warren's' steam schooners .liniU- Heck and Alice 
 
 riwnilon : and llie American schooners ./«(j.«/(n/« I'aslniian, Teaser, 
 
 Ariel and Jitanita. The .Iriel made a catch of i,^i .seals in a single 
 
 day, while the Juanita took 500 in two and one-half days. The 
 
 Teaser started from Port Townsend in command of Capt. Harry 
 
 McCrea, ^^.rmerly of the tug .V. L. Mastick. He was accidentally 
 
 shot May 17th, and the schooner returned to port. 
 
 The small lleet of the previous year received nearly a dozen 
 
 additions in i8,Sj, and fourteen schooners sailed out of \'ictoria. 
 
 Capt. Hugh McKay was operating the Alfred Adams and Juanila, 
 
 both American built vessels, which he had purchased and put under 
 
 Mritish colors ; Captain Spring had the Favorite. Alary F.llen and 
 
 On;cnrd : anil J. 1). Warren the l\a!e. (irace. Tlioniloii, Annie Beck 
 
 and Polftliin, the latter having lieen launched March 14111. The 
 
 W. /'. Say:rard was set afloat March 25th for Capt. A. 1). Laing, 
 
 who had been trading on the west coast for many years. The 
 
 Trinmpli, Captain Douglass, was also added to the Victoria fleet. 
 
 The American .schooner Sati T>iei;o, Captain Cathcart, aTived at 
 
 X'ictoria, Sei)lctiilier 25th, after cruising as far north as sixty degrees. 
 
 (Jther American schooners in addition to those of the year before 
 
 were the Leiitia, Mary Taylor, Sevenly-six, Anna /•'. Brigjfs and 
 
 /i/niie. The catches of these ves.sels were small compared with tho.se 
 
 of the present day, the Alfied Adams .securing 800 skins and .some 
 
 of the others as few as 400. The year 188.^ marked the beginning of an important epoch in the scaling business, 
 
 with the entrance of the first .schooner into Bering Sea. The pioneer 
 
 craft in this disputed territory was the American tV/i' i'/.S'<(w /'/>;(,'(>, 
 
 :*y in charge of Captain Cathcart and Uaniel McLean.' She left San 
 
 ,'■' l>"rancisco, March 2yth, with three hunters, entered Bering Sea and 
 
 took ijoii .seals, landed at Hall Island and killed a few jiolar bears. 
 
 and arrived at Victoria with her catch October nth. The N'ictoria 
 
 fleet was the same as iluring the previous year, while tht Mist and 
 
 ^^ ^^ liudora were added to the American .sealers. The American brig 
 
 *•• Wtw I Saliiia, Captain Miller, arrived at \'ictoria from Petropaulovski, July 
 
 ' ■"' This corporation, the successors of Hutchin.son, Kohl iS: Co. 
 
 CAir. n.XNll.t. MCl.KA.N 
 
 •'Ca]>t. James D. Warren, whose career as a pioneer sealer is eontempora- 
 necnis with that of Spring and McKay, was born on I'mice Hdward Island in 
 1S37 and has been en>^af;ed in the marine business in lirilish Columbia over 
 thirty years. lie cmnmenced trading aliniK the coast of X'ancouver and Oucen 
 Charlotte's isl.ands in iS6.i with the T/iorntou and p.-irticipated in some very 
 lively Inilian skirmishes, in one of which, in [S6S. with the members of his 
 crew, he sncceetied in exlerminalin^ about twentv Indians i see paj^e i6S). He 
 was the tirst man in the sealing business to send ont steam schooners, and at one 
 lime o])erated a lleet of eij^ht steam and sailing vessels. The seizures tif [SS6 
 and KSS7 were particularly liard on Cajilain Warren and crippled him linancially. 
 so that he lost the accumulated jirotits of his man\' \ears of perilous work as a 
 trader. In addition to beitif? prominent in sealing; circles. Captain Warren has 
 at dillerent times been eotniected with a );reat many other steamers plyin;.; in 
 the freight and jiassen^er service, ami at the ])resent time is t>peralin)^ the 
 steamer litirluirt: liOSCiKcitz on the ntirthern ronte from X'ietoria. 
 
 'Capt. Da liel McLean was born in Sydney, Cape Hrelon, in 1S51, and 
 conuiienced his marine i-areer at th.at place. lie afterward sailed out of New 
 \'(nk as mate on deeji-water ships, and came to the I'acitic Coast about l8,Su, sailinj^ over three thousand miles on the waters of 
 Alaska and British Columbia with the seven-ton sloop /•'/idrciii', prospecting for minerals ami working for some time at placer 
 milling on what was afterward known as the Treadwell claim. lie also discovereil the coal mine now owned by the .Alaska 
 Commercial Coniiiany. While ]irospectinj; with his sloop, McLean was inijiressed with the large nnmher of seals in that region, 
 decided that sealinj,' wiinld be a good business to follow, ami in the fall of iSS.^ with his brother .\lex, took ont the schooner 
 Siin Piciio from San b'rancisco, made a fair catch and sold the skins in Victoria. The followinj» season be took oiu the schooner 
 Mitry llliii, securing 2,.|(«i skins, 2,7(ki in iSS,.;, and in i.SSo broke the record with 4,268. In iSS6 lie brou'iht the schooner l'iiiiiiif>li 
 froni Halifax to Victoria and the followiiii; year secured a.soiskins. In i.SSS he was ordered ont of HL.iii.t; ,Sea by the American 
 C.overnment. ,\ year later he anain took the sclnvnier .lAii r AV/iv; and secured 1.200 skins. In iSi)o he s.iiled the /;'i/,-.iiyi/ A". 
 // c/'s/iT, whose catch was i ..V' He went to Copper Island in 1841 , secured 2, ia> skins, and in 1892, \iii)i and iSy4 was on the coast 
 of Jajiaii, makiiiK catches of i.c/xi, 1,700 and i,Si«i respectively. 
 
 CAl'l. Al.l:x MCI.K 
 
428 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 I i 
 
 secured the right to kill ido.ooo seals aiiinialty on St. GeorRC niul St. Paul islands, and were granted similar 
 privileges on Copper Island. 
 
 The fleet for i.S,S4 was much the same as that of the preceding year. The schooner /'avoiilf, Ciqil. 
 Alex McLean,' secured i,7,'i4 skins, the largest catch, while the Polphiii and Alftrd AJ,ims took 900 each, 
 Capt. Daniel Mcl.ean, who was on the schooner City 0/ Sail /)/fxo in 1883, in 1SS4 commanded the A/iiij ElUn, 
 the first British sealer to enter Bering Sea, making a good catch. The Mniy Kl/iii, as well as the J'avoril,-. 
 
 was owned hy Capt. William Spring, who died hefore the vessels 
 I ; • returned from their crui.se. He had fre(|uently expres.sed his intenlidii 
 
 of .sending out white hunters with one and Indians with the other, in 
 order to c()mi)are their merits. His eldest .son. Capt. Charles Spriii),', 
 carried out this plan in 1885, the Afary Elhii, Capt. Dan McLean, 
 going out with white hunters, and the /'avoi He, Capt. Alex McLefin, 
 with Indians. The financial result was about the same, although the 
 A/diy ElliH established a record by taking 2.309 skins, while llie 
 I'avoi He secured :;,o7,v the combined catches of the two schooners 
 representing a value of $35,000. The San Piixo, Capt. Cathcart, was 
 also in Bering Sea this year, obtaining 1.72.5 skins, the i'aiideii'ill 
 1,243, ""'1 'I'e Oiruaid. Capt. Niels Moos,'' .secured 2.i«io. Other 
 schooners in 1885 were the Oaaii Spray, Sea /'oam, Moiinlaiii Cliiif, 
 Clyde. X'aiiderbilt, .liiielliysl and Ameiiean. J. I). Warren's fleet was 
 the largest, including the steam schooners Holfiliiii. Ctaee, .lima lleck 
 and 'riioniion, and the schooner Kintler ; Sjjring & Co. had the 
 Oiiiemd, Favon'le, K'ale, At/red Adams and Afaiy lillen : while C'.ntt- 
 inan & Frank operated the Moiiiilain Chief and lUaek lliamoiid, and 
 A. I). Laing the W. I'. Sayward. The entire X'ictoria fleet furnished 
 employment to over two hundred canoes and five hundred Indians. 
 William Munsie' had purchased the old pilot schooner Caioline, 
 which made a very successful cruise. He went to Halifax in the lall 
 of 1885 and bought the Palh/iiidei , which proved to be apiiroi)rialcly 
 named, as she was the first of a large fleet which rounded the Horn 
 She was brought out by Captain O'Leary," arrived at \'ictoria in April, 
 1886. made a crui.se to Bering Sea, and returned with 2.000 skins. 
 
 The increase in the number of schooners, each of which made good catches, had a tendency to lower the 
 price of skins; and naturally enough the Alaska Commercial Company, whose twenty-year lease of the breediti.i; 
 islands was proving highly profitable, resented this interference. The revenue cutter Coi;eiii was sent to 
 Bering Sea with orders to seize all vessels found .sealing in tho.se waters. The first .seizures were the Tlioi iiloii. 
 Captain Guttorman.sen, the Oiiwaid, Capt. Daniel Munroe, and the Caioline, Capt. James Ogilvie. This act was 
 the beginning of one of the most disgraceful and unjust ))olicies to which the United States has ever been a parlv. 
 These vessels were seized on the high .seas, a territory universally recognized in international law as a free 
 
 WlLMA.M Ml'NSlK 
 
 to engage in sealing in the Northwest. 
 
 'Capl. Ale.xHiuter ^IcLeaii was Ijorii in Sydney, Cape Brelon, in 1S59, anil touimenced liis marine service on the Allanlic 
 Coast ill 1S73. In 18S0 he came lo the Pacific Coast as second ollicer of the cli]>per sliij) Santa Clara, and on Icavinj^ her was for a 
 long time first ofiicer of the Sir /allies Doiii^las anil for a short lime in charjje of Ihi' steamer /I'earei: lie SHbse(|neiitly enna^;eil in 
 varions capacities on llie Cier/ritile, ll'es/erii Slope, /\ieijie Slof^e .and oilier Ilrilish Coliinihia steamers. Ilis first sealing was in iSS,^, 
 when he left San I'rancisco with the schooner San Diejjo, wiiich took iinl the first crew of white hiinlers engaged in the hllsilK•^^. 
 He next had command of the Farorile, which he operated in parlnersliip with Ciipl. William .Spring, continuing with him iiiuil 
 the time of Spring's death. He tlien took the schooner Mary I'.lleii, which he sailed for two seasons, leaving her to go with llic 
 J. IJainiltoii Lewis, wliicli was seized otT Cop])er Island hy a Russian manorwar, on which Captain Aid. can and his crew wen- 
 imprisoned fonr months. (In being released Captain McLean went north the following year with the schooner h'ose Sparks, which 
 he left to try an experiment with the .llexaiuter, tlic largest steam sealer <m the Pacific Coast. 'I'liis method of taking seals ])roved 
 too expensive, and in i.Sgi he took out the /ioiiaiiza, returning with 2,iSy skins, which was the largest catch 111. ide hy any San 
 I'"rancisco schooner. 
 
 'Capt. Niels Moos was horn in Denmark in 1.S51 and commenced sailing on the .\tlantic when a hoy. lie came to the 
 Northwest about 1S70 ami was with Captain Christiansen on the Surprise, which was one of the first vessels to make a business of 
 sealing. .Xfter leaving this vessel Captain Moos was on the . Ileri and /•'arori/e in the emiilov of Spring. McKay & Co.. for seven 
 years, leaving there to engage with Cajitain Warren on the steam sdiooners />(ilp/ti'i and V'/iiirii/oii, wliere he rem.ained for six 
 years. He was then einiiloyeil by Capt. Charles Spring to handle the A'aie, remaiiiiug with her and the (hrwarJ for five years, aiil 
 has recently hail charge of the Victoria jjilot-boat. 
 
 'Capt. William Miinsie was born in Nova .Scotia in 1X49 and commenced sealing operations at Victoria ill lS8i>. He secnrol 
 the pilot-boat Caroline, fitted her ont for that bnsiness in 1SS4. and a year later brought the first sdiooner ronnd the Horn to engaijr 
 in sealing. This vessel was apiiroprialely named the /'allijiihler, and was pnrcliased in Halifax by Captain .Miinsie in the fall "t 
 1SH5. In I S86 he purchased the r/':rt. in 1.SS9 the Tl/ifrr 7iii/i)r. in i.Sijz the /I/i/r A'c/A'. in iScj;, a half interest in the ( V/d. and in i,Sm| 
 the schooner Cilr of Sail />iei;(i. He disposed of the ;I/i;/i' Taylor and ralli/iiiiler in 1894. the latter vessel now sailing under tin 
 name Pioneer. The Cantliiie was seized, condemned and sold in Alaska in 1S.S6. Tile /'a/lijiiider was seized in 1SS9 and .again in 
 1S90. being released in both cases. The Caroline was so jioorly cared for in Alaska that she became a wreck while in the liands nl 
 the United .States ("lOvernment. The other vessels are siill being operated by Ca])taiii Munsie, who is one of the best po.sted 1111 n 
 on the sealing industry in British Columbia. 
 
 'Capt. William O'heary was born in Nova .Scotia in 1853 and has followed the water for over twenty years. He was ainoiiu 
 the first of the Kastern sealing masters to come to the Pacific Northwest, and commenced sealing out of Victoria in 1S86011 llic 
 schooner I'alli/iinter, which .it the present time bears the name Tioiieer. He has recently had charge of the fieiieva, with which lie 
 has had very good success, taking over two thousand seals ill 1.S9V Captain O'I.eary sailed from Victoria with the it'eiietn. 
 December 31st. for the Japan coast, and was the first of the 1S95 lleet lo leave port with a full crew of white men. 
 
/} Brief History of the British Columbia Sealing Industry 
 
 \2q 
 
 [ranted similar 
 
 'avorile, Cajit, 
 3ok yoo eacli. 
 le Mary liUeii, 
 
 the l'avorilt\ 
 re the vessils 
 (I his intciitioti 
 h the other, in 
 hark's vS])riiiK, 
 Dan McLean, 
 (\lex Mcl.efin, 
 !, although tlie 
 ;ins, while the 
 two schooners 
 . Cathcart, was 
 the V'andobilt 
 
 T,(K)0. Other 
 loiinlain Chief, 
 Ten's fleet was 
 icf, Anna Heck 
 : Co. hail the 
 ! ,• while tiiitt- 
 
 Piamoud. and 
 fleet furnished 
 ulred Indians. 
 oner Ciiioliiu\ 
 ifax in the fall 
 i appropriately 
 uled the Horn 
 toria in April, 
 
 :y to lower tliu 
 )f the hreediiii; 
 ; was .sent to 
 
 the Thonilou, 
 
 This act was 
 
 r been a party. 
 
 law as a free 
 
 on tile .Mlamii- 
 ij^ her Wits for ;i 
 iitly eiiK''iK^''l '" 
 iti^ was in i.SS^, 
 in tile l)usiiie>>.. 
 with him until 
 
 er to ^o with tlif 
 1 his crew were 
 
 ^e Spaekfi, whicli 
 iii^ seals prove! 
 ade hy aii\ S;iii 
 
 He came to the 
 ike a Inisiness nf 
 ^t Co., for seven 
 einaiiied for six 
 )r five years, aii'i 
 
 Hi I. lie seciirt'd 
 Horn to eiiKa'.:e 
 
 ie in the fall ol 
 Wo, and in i8m| 
 
 liliiig niider the 
 
 ,Sy anil ajjain i" 
 in the hands nl' 
 
 lest posted nu ii 
 
 lie was amoni,' 
 
 ill 1886 on the 
 
 r, with which lie 
 
 th the lieneui. 
 
 highway for the commerce of all countries. The Canadian .sealers were engaged in a peaceful occupation when 
 Ihe Coi'uin swooped down on them, took possession of their .schooners, turned part of their men adrift several 
 hundred miles from their homes, without food or shelter ; while others, masters and mates of the caiitured 
 vessels, were thrown into prison and fined. After months of this confinement they were relea.sed, and, literally 
 destitute, found their way hack to Victoria. One of the unfortunates, Captain Ogilvie, never returned. He 
 was an old man, had spent most of his life in British Columbia, and being naturally protidspirited, and not fully 
 realizing the manner in which the world would regard his imprisonment, he worried and brooded over his 
 wrongs until, when released, he became a raving maniac, wandered away to the woods and jierished from 
 exposure. The United States Government, which thus indirectly murdered poor Captain Ogilvie, did not confine 
 its operations to Canadian .sealers. The American flag, which had always given to any ves.sel flying it the 
 right to engage in peaceful pursuits on any marine highway in the world, failed to protect the .sealing schooners 
 who interfered witli the business of the Alaska Commercial Company. All of the vessels .seized in i.SSfi were 
 over sixty miles from shore. The amionnced purpose of these seizures was the protection of the seal, which, 
 according to the figures of the Alaska monopoly, was in danger of extinction. Time has proven the fallacy of 
 llieir estimates, as every year has shown a wonderful increase in the catch, with no visible diminution of the vast 
 herds animally journeying northward. 
 
 James O. Swan of I'ort Townsend, who has made a study of the habits of the seal for over forty years, in a 
 very able article on the subject says : " I consider our laws regarding fur seals as a monumental humbug system, 
 inaugurated solely for the benefit of the Alaska Commercial Company and their successors, the present lessees of 
 the Pribilof Islands, and not for the public 
 good. It is true that the Government derives 
 a rent from the lessees of those islands, but, 
 when we look at the expense of maintaining 
 a fleet of armed vessels as a police patrol in 
 Hering Sea, and the expen.se of litigation and 
 the .sums of money to be paid to Canadian 
 vessels for unlawful .seizures, all the vaunted 
 benefits of the lea.se of the Pribilof Islands 
 dwindles into insignificance, and the credit 
 side of the Government ledger presents but 
 a sorry sight. We are told that the seals are 
 decreasing in number and soon will be exter- 
 minated, as they were said to be at Cape 
 Horn, and the facts are cited as p.irallel 
 cases. The seals were driven from the Cape 
 Horn Islands by the greed of the luinlers. 
 .IS they are being driven from the I'ribilof 
 Islands by the actions of the company 
 themselves ; but the fur seals have not been 
 exterminated at Cape Horn nor will they be 
 exterminated when the last one leaves the 
 I'ribilof Islands : they will simply go to .some other i>lace. The Cape Horn fur .seals have multiplied in incredible 
 numbers on the South Shetland Islands, and the I'ribilof Islands seals are returning to Copper Island and the 
 Japan coast. They will not be extinguished, notwithstanding the howls of the fur dealers of .San Francisco, but 
 tliey will surely be driven from the I'ribilof Islands. The laws should be altered or amended so the public, and 
 not a powerful monopoly, will be benefited. I believe that the same men who are protected on the Atlantic as 
 fishermen should be protected on the Pacific, and not branded as jiirates and poachers." 
 
 In the trial of the Tlioniloii at Sitka, Judge Dawson, in his charge to the jury, said : " liy the treaty of 
 March 30, iSfS;, between Ru.ssia and the United States, the western boundary line of Ala.ska passes through a 
 point in Hering .Strait on the parallel of (1^° 30' north, at its intersection by the meiidian which pa.s.ses midway 
 between the islands of Krnsenstern and Ignalook, and proceeds north without limitation into the same frozen 
 oi^eaii. The same western limit, beginning at the same initial point, proceeds thence in a course nearly southwest 
 through Hering .Strait and Hering .Sea, .so as to pass midway between the northwest point of the Island of St. 
 I.awrence and the southwest point of Cape Chaukotski to the meritlian of 172° west , thence from the intersection 
 of that meridian in a southwesterly direction .so as to pass midway between the Island of Attou and the Copper 
 Island of the Kounavdoski couplet or group in the North Pacific Ocean, to the meridian of 193° west, .so as to 
 include, in the territory conveyed, the whole of the Aleutian Islands east of the meridian. All the waters within 
 the boundary set forth in this treaty, to the western end of the .Meutian archiiielago and the chain of islands, are 
 lo be considered as comprised within the waters of Alaska, and all the penalties prescribed by law against the 
 kdling of fur-bearing animals must therefore attach against any violation of law within the limits before 
 described." 
 
 SciinnNl:H " K\TV. " 
 
 h 
 
43" 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden s Marine History of the Pacific Nortfiwest 
 
 Alter till' riii'i iiloii. (.'ill I'll iir ami (hiaurd \\m\ lain <)i\ llif beach for si'viT.il nidiitlis, tlic attention of Hi, 
 tTnitfd States Cioverniiieiit wa-. failed to a iioiiit in internatii)iial law wliieli lia<l l)ei'ii nvirlcidked. Jiidne Dausciii . 
 ehar^e was jHTfectly correct in its way, hnt it failed to go bark to the period when Knssia seenred her rij^lils i.. 
 the disputed waters. A FkiinK Sea seizure was made sixty-five years before this, at which time the virtn(iii> 
 roar of indignation had come from American throats. The vessel was the American whaler liouuly, seized by tin- 
 Russians in 1S21. The United States Government protesteil and made a winning contest on the ground that 
 Russia had no jurisdiction bevond the three-mile limit. The luuinly was accordingly released ,itnl an iiidemiiil\ 
 paid her owners. This decision regarding the limit was accepted as satisfactory by all nations concerned, iiinl 
 naturally enough the claim of the United States to rights which she had once relu.sed to concede to the fornur 
 owner of the dispiilul territory was declared unreasonable and invalid. When the enormity of the outrage tli.ii 
 had been perpetrated iti the name of the law was realized in the councils of state, the United Slates receded from 
 the position it ha<l taken and ordered the release of the Ciih'anl, Ctio/hie and Tliointon, but. before this decision 
 was arrived at, the schooners had been rotting on the beach in .Alaska for two years. The iiatnral supposition 
 would be that this Oovernmeut. alter thus ackiKiwledgitig .i wrong, would hasten to recompense the sun"er<i~ 
 Such was not the case. The men who had been conllned in the S(|ualid prisons, as well as those who weii 
 deprived of their means of livelihood for months, as yet have received not even an apology. 
 
 Wlieii the news of the seizures reached the other schooners, they hurriedly left the sea. The /'uvoi ilr, 
 Captain McLean, look 300 skins from the Oiiuanl just before she was cajitured aiul sailed awa\ in safely ; the 
 
 Polfiliin, Cajitain Warren, also 
 came out with J.ond as soon a-- 
 the Loniiii was sighted; llu 
 /\it/i/iiiifi-i . Ca|)tain l)'I,ear\ 
 and the Syhiii Uniidy, had a 
 like number aboard before tliey 
 -.cented danger; \.\\^il\iiidirbill 
 secured 1,24,^, the Aitiir 
 1,400, and the Siin Hiii^o made 
 a good calch. .She was sei/ed 
 by the Coiuiti, but .satislieil 
 the officials that her skins liail 
 not been taken in Heiiiig Se;i. 
 Several good schooners were 
 added to the fleet in i.s.so, Caji- 
 tain Miner' bringing the /V 
 )t(/o/>f {u)\n Yokohama. Allu 
 leaving the latter port Captain 
 Miner jnit a defaulling pay- 
 master <in board the schooner 
 .//(//V. which ca])size<l tlim 
 days later. The . li/i/<\ Cip 
 lain IlaU'-en, coiumoiily kiU'u 11 
 as the " Flying Dutcliniaii 
 
 also came from Yokohama, reaching \'ictoria from Bering Sea with 1,1411 skins. She was biiill at Shanghai about 
 ten years before for a pilot-boat but afterward engaged in sealing under the Russian flag, snbsei|Ueiitly assuiniir.: 
 the Oerinan colors. She was owned in Yokohama. The . l//if I. .t/i;ii . a fine .sealing .schooner seventy si.x fe( : 
 long, twenty-five feel lieam. and eight feel five inches hold, was built at Seattle for Harry Alger by J. !•'. T 
 Mitchell, and sailed for .several years by Capt. Iv. P. Miner. The schooner I'/iniiifiioii was purchased by Chiel 
 Peter of the Xeah May Indians. 'IMiese people had made ipiite a success of .sealing, owned three small sclio<iiui • 
 beside the Clunnpion. and afterward jnirchased the old Hrilish schooner Dinoviiy. 
 
 The revenue cutlers gathered in six .American and six British scalers in iS,S7, the former the .Mlir I. . I/:;, : 
 .liiiiif. I.illir I... Alpha. I\\ite nml Anno, and Syliiii llnndy : the latter the Alfred Adnnn. Anii.i IU-<k. IT. /'. 
 Say-.iiiiil, Dolphin, (,i<i,<\ and .Uln. The Chulli-nffc was also seized but afterward released. The .tlfrid .Id.ini' 
 Capt. W. H. Dyer, was captured and ordered to Sitka, but the Indian crew, having a suspicion of the experieiio 
 of .some of their companions, imilinied. and compelled the captain to go to X'ictoria, keeping a close watch on tin 
 
 "Capl. I''. I'. Miner was linrii in Santa Ilarb.'ira. Cal . in iS.=i4. and .sailed onl of tlie ports of lli.it State in iS;''), linnliii;^ sr ; 
 otter with the siliooiar .Siiifiiiw. IIu was afle-rward in tlie same linsincss with the Cvi;iiil. and in iSSo took tlie 7'hifr .Sislii .i n" 
 a similar cxjiedilioii lo tlif Kuril I.slands. Japan. j,'<iiiif; lluTe a^ain in iSSi willi l\\e .Innslnsiii C'cis/immi. In iSSi In- i-oinniiini i 
 nsinn slint),'uiis in liniUiiig the seals, liuiiij; the first to nse Unit weajion. In i.S.S^ he was mate of llic ( Vm;i,'<i. and was then master ■ ' 
 the /V//(V.'/>(', s.'iilin^ lit-r until iSS6. hein^i with her on a trip of five months in 1.SS4. wlien he lo-ik 4..So<' seal skins and ^im sea-oiu : 
 skins, the latter seilinj; for Jio.'iJ.i, while the total for the trip was f45.i«H>. Kelwceii 1SS7 and 1S89 lie was master of ijie l.illii- / ., 
 Roiii); from her to the .Mlic I. ■ l/,i;i>. In iScji he liecame interested with J. C. Nixon and purchased the lltiiiy Dt niiis, wliieh h ■ 
 cominanded until she was lost on the Ja])an coast in 1S94. RetnrninK to Seattle he fitleil out the /:7/c/ /(i//«.s-ii«. and. .ilthon^h li" 
 had a short .season, made a catch of i.2(X) seals. Captain Miner has never made an nnprofitalile trip witli a schooner in his cliaini 
 
 ScnOuNKK "W. I". S.AVWAHl* 
 
tcntion of llu 
 
 kIhu I)iuvsim\ 
 
 licr ri>;lit'* in 
 
 • tlu' virtudiw 
 , sci/(.'(l by till' 
 L' urouiul thiit 
 
 an inik'iniiity 
 ■oiiccriR'd, ;iiiil 
 ti> tlif foriiKi 
 
 • ontranc lllal 
 ; recedi'il frdni 
 V \.h\> (k'l'isKiii 
 ral siipiiosiliiiii 
 
 iiisc wlio will- 
 
 The I'tiVi'iili-. 
 ill safely ; llie 
 II Warren, also 
 ,000 as soon as 
 i sighted ; the 
 itain O'I.earv, 
 fl<ni<U\ had a 
 iird before they 
 ; tlie / '(iiniirbill 
 \T,. tile Aclivf 
 iiiii /'/Vi,'(' made 
 She was seized 
 , Iml satislied 
 t her skins h;iil 
 in HeliiiK' Sea, 
 schooners weie 
 t in i,s,S(i, Cap- 
 nv;iiig the /V- 
 diania. After 
 r port Captain 
 efaiilliiiH I'iiy- 
 1 the sehooiKi 
 eaiisi/ed three 
 le . li/(/i\ Cap- 
 iiiiiioiily kiidWii 
 Dnlchniaii," 
 shanghai ahont 
 ■iilly assnniini; 
 evenly six feel 
 er by J, I', T, 
 lii.sed by Chiel 
 iiiiall schoonei-- 
 
 .I///,- I. .l/:^>i. 
 „ /!,;k. 11: /'. 
 \/fnil . Ui<im> 
 the experieiK'' 
 se watch on the 
 
 iS7fi, liiiiitiii),' .«■ ! 
 
 ■Jliiiv Sisln.i .!■• 
 Si Ik- i-oiiiim-iu'<- \ 
 as then master ' ' 
 
 ami ,s<»' sea-filli : 
 r (if tile /,////(■ / , 
 PiUiiis, which li ■ 
 ami, aUliiiii>;h 1; ■ 
 tier ill his chai^i ■ 
 
 f 
 
 A Brief History of the British Coliimbin Sealinij Industry 
 
 
 3.U 
 
 pi 
 
 \V|"1,I. KndWN MaSTKHS in THK NiiK I H\\ MSThRN SKAI.INC. M.I'll 
 
43a 
 
 Lewis c? Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 compass to make sure thnt la- went tliLTc. Tliv ofTicors of tlie .schooner wei/ccl were detained in Sitka for six weeks 
 and lliL'U ri'ii'asi.'d. TIk' S(VI /oxi'- was taken liy tlic rcveiint.' cutter Kmli and orderiMJ to Sitka, l>nt instead ran fdi 
 .San l-'rancisci). Tlie vessels wiiieli were fortunate enouuli to escape ina<le very good eatelies, the total nund)er fur 
 tile year credited to the \'icloria lleet being i.'.oHj skins on the coast and 12,71^1 in Dering Sea. 'I'he /'iiiflof'i\ 
 Captain Miner, left X'ietoria in I'VUniary and returned May jJth with 1,324 skins, the largest coast catch ever 
 made. She also ohtained [..sixi in Bering ,Sea. The /'Af/r /'.'//<•«, saile<l hy the Mcl.eans, secured 3,525 skin^, 
 John Jacohsen, one of her hunters, taking 57 in one day. and Julian Arch, another, 5.). The i'lilli/iiiilci , 
 Captain O'I.eary, .secured j,,Si)i), six hunters in one day killing .'.(7 seals, and Joseph Dupout alone killing 57. 
 The American schooner \\'<illcr I,. Rit/i arrived at X'ictoria, January 21st, from I'rovincetown, Mass., having liteii 
 ashore for six mouths near Cape Horn. The Miiiy '/'ny/or, Captain McKiel,'" .secured j,-,u«> skins, the /■'iiioritc, 
 Capt. I.aughliu Mcl<enn" 1,887, the k'atf 2,230, the Moiiiiliiin Chiif 1,200, the Theiesa, Captain Dodtl, 1,246, and 
 the I'aiideihill 1,300. Other vessels in the fleet were the Adii<\ Itlmk Pininoiid, Cily of' San /h'ii;i>. /felcii. 
 Tiiiimph. U'(ni(/iit) , .hiiiiiKvt, .■l»t;r/ /W/i and l.ollie I'iiiificld. 'i'he i'hitmf'iou was wrecked near Nituat, and 
 Cultus (leorge drowned. The Indian schooner . \itivi' foundered thirty miles ofT Cape Flattery during a hea\ \ 
 gale, J. (tutterman of San Franci.sco and twenty-eight Indians losing their lives. J, I). Warren's schooner 
 Ruslli-i , Captain Dodd, was driven ashore in a gale on the night of Decemher 2fith at the Nituat River and became 
 a total lo.ss, the crew escaping. The //'. /'. Saywaid, sei/.ed this vear, was owned by A. 1). I.aing of Victoria 
 and sailed by Captain h'erey.'' .\s .soon as po.ssible Mr. I.aing appealed from the decision which condemned his 
 .schooner and bonded her out. The vessel attained a world-wide reputation as the one decided on for a test case, 
 
 which the Dominion and United States gov- 
 ernments considered .solely in the arbitration 
 which followed. The Dominion of course 
 won, but unfortunately the damages have not 
 yet been paid. The Snyuaid was the only 
 one of the thirteen vessels sei/.ed which was 
 bonded out. 
 
 Several very fine .schooners arrived 
 from the ICasteru coast in 18H8. The Hdhuid 
 I'., ll'i/is/rr and the Mollic Adams were 
 brought out from (iloucester, Mass., by Capt. 
 Sol Jacobs, who placed them in the halilml 
 fishing trade soon after their arrival, but 
 they soon fell into the hands of the \'ictoria 
 .sealers. The Osair and I/dllit', a trimly 
 built vessel ninety feet long, twenty-three 
 feet beam, and nine feet hold, arrived from 
 Swampscott, Mass., in command of Captain 
 Johnson, and on her first cruise from I'ort 
 Townsend secured 100,000 pounds of fish. 
 Capt. H. F. Sieward,'' who had been sailing 
 out of \'ictoria for some time, returned to the Atlantic Coast and purchased the .schooner .liaiiiia/i for Hall \ 
 Goepel, arriving at Victoria in .March, [52 days from Halifax. She was fitted out with an Indian crew and 
 
 '"Capt. Robert Iv .McICiel was lidrti in Nova Scolia in iSs; ami commcnofcl Koiiij,' lo sea at llie n^'e of fourteen. lie c.iiiif' 1" 
 Victoria in September. 1SS6, ami was first in eoniinaml of tlie sclinoiier Maty Tiivh>t\ with which lie ran away from tlie reveinu- 
 cntlers in July, 1.S.S7, reaching Victoria in safety. He saileil the flfiiiy Tuv/oi in tlie spring,' of iS.SS on the coast anil for the rest cil 
 the year was enj^a^eil on tlie U't's/rnt S/t'/>i\ lie llien went lojapan ami liroiiHlit over tlie schooner /li'iih'ii'i', with which he started 
 for liering Sea witli .111 Imliaii crew in iSSy, In iSgo lie hamlleil the A". /.". .l/iifi'in on the coast an<l in Heriii)^ .Sea, ami then weiu 
 to Halifax and hronnlit ont the MiUiJ .S'., which he operateil on the co.ast ami off Copper IslamI until iSm, wlicMi tile schooner w.i-. 
 sei/.eil ami taken lojapan, where she was releasecl without much trouble. Capt.-iiii AIcKiel fitted (nit in Japan in iSy.}. ami, after .1 
 successful season, arrived at Victoria in .September of that year. 
 
 " C.'ipt. I.au^hlin Mcl.eaii was born on Prince Ivlw.ird IslamI in is.s,^. and, after an experience of many years on the .Atlantic 
 Coast, came to Victoria in 1SS6. He enK^■lvred in sealiii,i< on the schooner f''avoyitt\ which was built at .Sooke in iS6tj, iiml has siiin- 
 remained in charj^e. He has always met \\illi success, .and until 1S91 his schooner had tlie record of beiiij^ the only one of tile licet 
 Hiimolested by the revenue cutters. I.ast year the Fnvnrili' was seized on the very weak charge of not having her lireaims properly 
 sealed. The case was investigated, the seizure found to be entirely unwarranted, and the schooner was accordingly released. Captain 
 Mcl<eaii has always made a special study of the habits of the .seal and is one of the best informed men on the industry ill British 
 Columbia. 
 
 '■'Capt. G. R. Ferey was born on the Channel Islands, I'ebruary 29, iS.iS, and sailed for many years in various parts of tin 
 world. He was one of the crew of the well known Hudson's May trader Roz'er ot thr Si'its when she foundered off Cape Horn in i.SSs 
 In 18H7 he joined the IV. /'. Siiywtird, which entereil Iteriii^ Sea, July 6th, was seized by the .\merican revenue cutter two days later, 
 taken to Unalaska, and afterward sent to Sitka with a prize crew aboard, remaining there jiwaitiii^ trial for three months, .\fter the 
 vessel was comlenine<l. Captain I-'erey was put in charj^e. He returned to \'ictoria in 1SS7 and took cliJirj;e of the t.olfit' /•'airfit'lJ. 
 leaving her to jjo as mate of the b.irk .\'aiiai»io, with which he made a trip to China and also to .Australia, and, returniiiK lo Viciori^i. 
 joined the schooner Thni'sa, ^oin^; lo Bering Sea. In 1.S.S9 he a^^aiii joined the //'. /*. Stn'h'ttrd, with which he has since remaineil, 
 with the exception of a short lime when he was master of the steamship Ifounslow, carryint; coal lo San Die^o. 
 
 "Capt II. I'". Sieward was born in Ciermaiiy in 1S54 and coniineiiced his nmrine career on the IjiKlish coast. He came to 
 Vietori.i about 1.SS6, entered the employ of Hall, doepel fl; Co., and a year later was sent by them to Nova Scolia to purcha.se the 
 Araiiiniuh, which he broUKlit to Victoria and lilted out with an Indian crew, The schooner was seized a few months later by tli'- 
 
 ScHtlONKR ■■(>: 
 
 ■■■^■^■■■^1^^^ 
 
 :•'-■ 
 
 •■jCe- ■.- 
 
 -.-:- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/4 Brivf History of (ho British Columbia Senling Imliiafry 
 
 ■\^^ 
 
 Cait. InliN ('.. Cox 
 
 starU'd lor Coiipt-r Island, vhiTc she was seized July ist and coiinscated by llic Riissiiiii {'iinirnnitiit. The crew 
 were Heiit to Silieria, niid by the ititcrveiitioii of the Hritish aiiihassndnr at St. I'elershiirK were forwarded to 
 Japan, thence returning to Victoria. Captain Hucknatn, who liad been in coniniaiid of the steamship .V,//i/(<//i i , 
 purchased the schooner .liic/ in St. John's, New Urnnswlck, and on arriving at Victoria, July Mil, fitted out for 
 lleriuK Sea, but was ordered out by the revenue cutter Kiihiiid Riis/i. The schooners .^<i/i/>/iii, and //;./ also 
 
 eame out from Halifax in i.S,S,s The former was owned by V,. 1). Marvin iV 
 ^^^j|^> Co. and arrived at Victoria, hebruary .)th, in command of Captain Cox." 
 
 ^^^^^^kU leavin>; on a sealiiiK ex|)edition March i6th in > har^e of Captain I'etit, with 
 
 JS sixty Indians. The /'/;«, Captain H.iker. reached \'iclorin, Jiinuary ist, 
 
 ■■i^kk "^r I'l.s "lays from Halifax. She was owned by Came \ Mnnsie and left for the 
 
 sealing uroiimls l''ebniary sib- One of her hunters, Oscar Sc.irf,' inade a 
 remarkable record, securing 6110 .seals and only losing; m. This fact was 
 mentioned in the Itritish minister's reply to Secretary Dlaine as proving the 
 percenlane of loss in killinn; with firearms to be very small. 
 
 The schooner .liinic ('. .Wtnirr. Cajit. Charles Ilackett. arrived at 
 Victoria, .April .•4th, 15.S days from Cape Hreton. The /.. Ili'iihil also 
 started around from Halifax for Captain Cfniut of \'ictoria. but was 
 wrecked in the Straits of .\la>;ellan. The Victoria sealing licet for 18S8 
 included twenty vessels, their owners and .season's catch beiu^ as follows: 
 Tiiiimph, Dan Mcl.ean, 2,470 skins; .liniif C. ,Uoo>r, Charles Hackett, 
 71s; Lit/it', (fUttman iS: l-'rank, v^ ; I'alh/nulir, Came iSt Munsie, i.jsn; 
 Adfle, l'"reit/., .Sjj ; MafHiir Miic, John Dodd, 1,4^4: l'(i:vril,\ Charles 
 Spring, 2 1,^4 ; San /osr. J. S. I,ee, 4^12 ; O. S. /'iKi/ci , William lireiidt, 2^1; 
 /iosie Olscii, William Olsen, (n)i\; .■hinii\ James I.aflin, i,i.Sy; /'(■iii/o/ir, 
 J, J. Gray, 1,703; .V/arj' lillcii, Alex .Mcl.ean, .',,v'^; luiviitii. Hall iS: 
 Ooepel, 1,194; Mountain ('///<•/', H. J acobsen, i,-'2.5 ; Supphiii-, Marvin i.\: 
 Cox, i,.'()(i ; /Vrvr, Came iS: Munsie, -•,.S75 ; lihuk l'>i<uinuiii, Guttman iS: h'rauk, icjfi ; h'tilc, J. I). Warren, ,v"> ; 
 and Mary '/'aylor, v»2. Over four huiulreil men were employed on these schooners, and the total coast catch was 
 .S, 000 skins, and that of Heritig Sea if),9V'. The i'/ia//rnt;t\ which had been seized in Hering Sea in i.s.s;, was 
 purchased by Captain Riddlebejelke, and the A/ary J'aiiri was sold to Henry McAlniond, Henry Laiidcsc, 
 R. C, Hill, M. H. Sachs and Charles M. liradshaw, of Port Towu.send. The schooner Halcyon, famous as a 
 smuggler, was also on the list as a N'ictoria sealer, commanded by Capt. A. Metcall', but was only credited with 
 17 skins as a result of the season's catch. She had probably used 
 this as a pretense to hide her real occupation. The l.oltie /'ahjicld, 
 which was one of the first Nova Scolia schooners to come to the 
 Pacific Coast, was wrecked May 6th two hundred miles off the 
 Magdalen Islands. She was one of the vessels .seized in 1.S.S7, and at 
 the time of the disaster was sailing under the name Don I. ion. 
 
 The t'nited Stales (),)vcrnnieul continued to protect the seals 
 in i.s.Sij, and early in the season was made the laughing-stock of the iPV^K ^^ 
 
 world l)y the action of a few plucky Canadian captains, who refused ^^ f .? 
 
 Russians off Copper Isliuid aiitl coiifiscatcil, llie crew hciiij,' sent to Siberia, Hy 
 llif interveiilioii iif llie Ilritisli anitiassailor at St. lVtcrsl>iiri; lliey were afterwHril 
 irU'iistil, anil reliiriud to Victoiia liy way of |a]pan. The inatler of tlie seizure 
 w.is hrouKlil up ill the Ilritisli Parliament, hut no action was taken. In iSSy 
 Captain Siewanl niaile a suecessfnl eruise on the H'lillii I., h'iili. On his return 
 he Weill to Nova Scotia ami |uireliase(l the (Kr<i't lUift', and a year l.'iter the 
 (U'lifoii, hiiii^iiiK the laller out in in.S days, the laslesl pas.sa^e made by any of the 
 lleet of sealing sehotiuers that came round the Horn. In i.Stji Captain Sieward 
 U-fl the employ of Hall, doepel ,>t Co., ornani/ed a conip.'iny. and purchased ill 
 N'ova Seolia the new schoi)iier /it>iti Sii':oiitd, on his return adding the -lA/wi'//^ 
 lo the company's i>ossessions. With these two vessels he has since been en^ajjed. 
 
 "Capt. John ('■. Cox was born in N'ova Scotia in 1.S4;, and ciinimeuied his 
 inariue career when a hoy of ten. sailing out of Nova Scotia jtorts on schooners 
 with his lather. He came to the Northwest in iS.Sj in cotninand of the bark 
 .'/. & S. t\>x, which loade<l lumber at \'ancouver for C.'illao, from which jiort 
 C.iptaiii Ct>x toctk the bark ti> I,(mdoti, where lie sold her and returned to Nova 
 Scolia, pnrehasinj^ the bark / '("/ ;I/i'///v, well known on the I'acilic Coast. He t<iok the I'on Mottki' Irom New York lo Shaiif^hai 
 ipy way of .\iistralia, and then m.ide three voyages between Hritish Columbia and the Orient, disposiun of her in December. i,s,S6, 
 III Captain Mevers, wlut in turn sold her to Nicholas Hichard of San I'raiu'iseo. Cajitain Cox '.hen went I^.ist and purchased the 
 Mhooner .S'ii/*/>/;/;, .it Halifax ami bronnlit her round the Horn, this beiii),' the second seliooner lo leave Halifax lor the Pacific 
 l.'oast. .Soon after his .arrival he became associated with \\. H. Marvin ^: Co., and they li,ave steadily added to Iheir lleet. They 
 •ecured the I'riiinif'li in iSSS. the /;'. A'. Marvin in l.SSy, the ( iiilol/a (,'. Tur in iSyo. .and the / ria and . Iniiir /:'. I'niiil in i,S92. 
 llie I't'ia formerly beiii^ the famous simi^^ler lUihyou. I'or several years past Captain Cox has spent consideralile time in London 
 lud Japan ill the interests of his coiiii)aiiy. For the last three seasons tile Mnivin, Cox, I'ainl and Wia have sealed in Japan 
 vvaters, while the others have been en^a^ed on the Pacific Coast ami in Heriiij^ Sea. 
 
 ' ' Capt. Oscar Scarf was born in Victoria in KS64 and coiiinieiiced sealing in iS.S; on the I'alli/hidii. He has been .steailily ill 
 I he tjusiness since, serving first as a seal-hunter and afterward taking comniaiid of the schooner /•liitt'rprisi', of which he is one of 
 tile principal owners. 
 
 Caitain CRANI' 
 
 M ! 
 
 lit 
 
 \' i 
 
434 
 
 luwis cf Drylvn's Marinv History of thv Pacific Northwest 
 
 ■(■ 
 
 to be si.'i/ud. Tlw schooniT /l/iu/: /linmoihi, Capt Owen 'riionuis,"' went into llerinj; Sea, July v'. '"it o\^•in^; In 
 l)a<l weatliei did hut little sealinj; unld tlie eleveTitli. On llie afternoon of that day the Kiiluiid Rush was sinliti(l 
 l)eariiiK clown n|>on her. Ca])tain Thomas at once %o\. under way, hut, as t'.'.e wind was very li^ht, was overhauled 
 an hour later and ordered to heave to. The lUark Diuniond kept steadily on her course mitil the kiixli steaiiiecl 
 across her hows anil cnnipelled her to lay to. She was then hoarded hy Lieutenant 'I'uttle, lliree oflicers and li ii 
 men, Tultle remarking as lie eaine over th si<le. "Well captain, we have caught you in the act." TlionKi-. 
 refusecl to j;ive up the ship's papers, an<l they were lakeii hy force. The men from the h'lisli then look llic 
 76 skins secured hy the schooner and placed John Hawkins, a seaman, on hoard with instructions to take the 
 schooner to Sitka and deliver her to the collector of customs, releasing the Indians and the crew, hut detaining 
 the captain and mate. Captain 'I'liomas inronurd I.ieuteii.int Tuttle that he would not take the schooner In 
 
 .'^itka, received no reply, and tlie cutter 
 steamed away. Thoi'ias then headed fm 
 Htialaska. hopitiH to meet liritish war ve.-^.seU 
 there, which he intended to ask for jiroter 
 tiou. Not finding them, he lell the sea 
 cruised for four days looking for sea ottei 
 .111(1 then headed for \'ictoria Ilawkin-. 
 offered 110 resistance, as some of the crew 
 had informed him that the Indians would 
 kill him if they saw that he was l.ikiii}; tin- 
 ves.sel to Sitk.i. The schooner Miiniif, Capl. 
 \'ictor Jackohson,' was picked up hy tin 
 Rush a short time after the liliuk />i<iiiii'ii,l 
 w.is captured. She hail 1"" seal .and several 
 sea otter skins, and, as soon as the i iilter Ull 
 her, .set sail for \'ictoria despite llu' pintcst., 
 of the jiri/e crew. The Sii/>/>/iii r hail a iiai 
 row escape ahout ten days after the sei/un 
 nf the /i'/(«/,' /h'diiioiid. .She had spoken llu 
 .UdUfi''' ''/"' ^'"^' ''■'^' licfnle .iiiil had hei. 11 
 informed of the ]ireseme nf llie cullers, and 
 when ihe mist lifted the next miiMiing the 
 /li-ar was coming down 011 her with a full 
 liead of steam less than three miles ,iwa\ 
 The steamer continued to gain for ne.irly an hour, hut Captain Cox put on all the c.invas the schooner wouM 
 stand il|) under, and the slow-moving />'-■.;; hegaii to drop .astern and was soon lost sight of in the mist. Th. 
 Siififi/iiir would have lueii a.i excellen: pri/e for 'lie revenue (litter, as she had over -'.Swi skins lieneath ll.' 
 hatches, i.'kxj of which were taken in Ktring ,Ser. _'i;,^ having heeii ohtained in a single day in July. 
 
 The vessels seized in 1.SS7 .ind iS.S.S were sold in I'ort Towiiseiid. J. I). Warren's steam schnnner (,i,ii< 
 was iiiir( haseil hy Corrigan iV I.owe of I'orl Towiiseiid and her name changed to /. I liiiiiiltoii /.n^'h. She 
 was afterward secuied hy Xixoii of Seattle, who in turn disposed of her to Dan Mcl.ean. The ./;////<■ AVv/ 
 auotlierof Wai leu's schooncis, was hniight hy Port Town.icnd parlies and leiiaiiied the /iiiiii^ (i. Silhii. ,She w.is 
 also captured in August and ordered to Sitka, hut went to I'oil Townseiid instead. The lhtll<lun was piirehascil 
 hy Williair. Olsen .and has since sailed under the na e l.onisOhni. Came iS: Munsie's S{:\\iti.-\\\i:x I'alhfnniii 
 Captain (J'I,ear\', was seized in .\ugust, and, like the liliul; /h'^iiiii'iiJ and Miiinir, hroiight the prize crew to 
 \'icti)ria and eiuph.asi/ed her contempt for American revenue lUtters .and their orders hy t.aking on hoard },('■ 
 skins from the k'nh , mid .also capturing S" seals, the olliccis of llie l\ii\li having overlooked two guns whil'- 
 searching her. The liuniita. C.ijitain Clark, owned hy Ilall. (loepel \- Co . was captuied JiiK ',isi .md the /.////, 
 formerly the ////-./ . lil.ini-.. was again taken. Dispitc the cllorls of the t'nited St.iti s (',(iv( iiiiiicnt to hreak up 
 the illdiistr\'. iiiaiiv .idditioris were imnk- to the lleel in 1 si) Tlii- ' '. //. /nf^ftti, 1,'aptaiii Kclh', ,irrived .1' 
 
 '•' Cajil. Owen 'I'llotn.'is was linni ill W.iles in lH-,,( aliti riiiiiiliciH-cil s.nlitiK on lllc Welsh coasl in iHi^xj, Me (-jillic to San 
 l''raiicisc() in iHy^ an«l eiii^ai^cil in scalin;^ on J. I) Warren's slonii Tih^i iiloii. lie fifletwaril nia'Ie a nniiiher ofilccpwaU'r criiiM'^ 
 lo various parls of I lie woiM. aii'l was snliser|iifiitl\' cinploM'l on ili, . liiiitr /<'t'i /.■. f,'iti>r .iml //''. /'. S,tY:i'<iiil Me .ilso server] Tot 
 Iwo seasons on tile l^il litiiitlr y wwA tor a similar Icn^jtti ol time on the l'\iionl- Me was n ivin ol the srliooncr lUaih PuiHiofvl 
 ill iSStj '.vlii'ii slic W.IS .-ci/cfl 1,\ the rcvcnitc riiltcr Ut'hiu>f /\'iish .iml or'leri-'l to .Si;k;i. Insleail of ^(tiiiv; to Sittca, Capt.iin Tlioni.t 
 iKsiiled tor Victoria, wlierc In- .-irrivcd in satcty and rc|Mir(e(l tlie orcnrrcncc .tt the nislotn-liimse. 'I'lic Hii^h Inul pl.-n-eil a pri.-' 
 crew ol line man alio.-inl llie Hhuk Dniiiioml 10 see that site went to Sitka, Iml Iter crew ot native liiinlcrs iliieali iicil to kill liiin 1' 
 lie assciti-il his aiillioril V. The .-ilfair rrcaled inl(-iis(> exeitetiieiit in tin- fiiilcl Stales, Iml nothing scrioiis citnc of it. Ciiptan 
 'riionias was alii-rwaiil mu the sili.ionir A'l/A- ."ml spent tliree scisons on lln- .////;./././,/;//> .is inaslcr ami male. In iSi/|lie»i 
 with C.iplain .Mcl.i-an on the h\tvotitt\ 
 
 ' (.'apt. Victor Jackohson was horn in I'inl.iml in iHf,.' anil lias folloueil the iii.iniie hnsliiess on the Paiilie Coast for fifl •in 
 vcars. inosi of the lime in conm-dion with Ihe scalinj.: Imsiness. Mc has Iiccn very snccessfiil. m .irly alw,'e.s tii,-ikinv( ^;o<k! eatrl c 
 .•ililioiiv;li he was enfortiin.iic in hiving his srlioc -k r Miiniir sei/cil hy the I'liiteil Slates ( loveriinienl. entailing; a loss for wliieli I • 
 has ncvei iircn nToni])ciisri|. ( aptain fai-kolpson has .^.lileil the Miunii' tlearl\' alt of tln" tliiic since she came into his posst'ssion, 
 hut hiis alsi 1 ecu coiiiici led with other ve.ssels of llie lleet. 
 
 SiHor,NI-H 
 
Iff' 
 
 A Brif/ History o/" the British C')lanibia Snahny Industry 
 
 435 
 
 )ltl OWIIIH tn 
 was sif;lit( (1 
 
 S OVL'llliUllcil 
 
 Hs/i slcailicil 
 icfrs and li n 
 ." TliDin.i-. 
 It'll took till 
 to lako llir 
 ]Ul (K'laiiiin.' 
 
 NcllOOIHT I" 
 
 llu' cnlli 1 
 liuiidcd III] 
 li war vcssc'l-i 
 k for i>ri)Ui 
 (.'ft tlic sen 
 For sea (iltn 
 a I lawk ill-. 
 
 of tin- IM'A 
 
 idiaiis woidil 
 as taking; tin- 
 Uiiiiiic, Ca|il 
 (1 lip liv tin 
 '(((/■ /h'liiiifiii 
 1 and sL'ViTal 
 tin: ciittiT lilt 
 
 L' tlic protcsl , 
 //(■ liad a nai 
 ■r IIk' sfi/uii 
 id spoken llu 
 iiid had l>fi.ii 
 fj I'lllli'l's. and 
 nioininn lln 
 1 witli a lull 
 niiirs awa\ 
 llonllcl' wonM 
 mist. Tlv 
 licnealli lli< 
 
 lloolKT (ililii 
 
 /,■,•,•/«. Sli. 
 Iiiiiic lied-, 
 III/. She was 
 as piirehased 
 I'lillifniiUi . 
 pri/.e crew tn 
 on hoard },<■<> 
 ) Kiilis wllili- 
 lid Ihe /.////. 
 I to lireak up 
 1\', arrived a' 
 
 i:. r.lllll- Id Sil" 
 
 )i \\,it( r t-niist ' 
 
 ilso serxi'd t'" 
 
 '::.uk Ihiiiiii'iil 
 
 ;i|.l.inl 'riliilii ' 
 
 1 plai i-il \\ pn 
 
 '<! Ill kill llllli ' 
 
 • if it. Cnpt.iH 
 
 111 iHyi lie « 
 
 cp.ist lor flft-MM 
 
 'k' K""d '"atrl t" 
 
 els', lor wliirli I ■ 
 
 his p»isst'S»i'iit. 
 
 er 
 
 Victoria, May 22(1, froi.i Halifax and at once entered the .service. The Sen /.ion was laiiiK-hed at \ietoria 
 for Capt. Geort.;e Collins, and the Miiiiiir for Captain Jackohson. 'J"he V'ciiliiii\ hnilt at Astoria in i.H.Sf), was 
 pmvliased hy .\ndersoii lUolhers of I'ort Towiiseiid. 'I'weiity-lwo British, one (".erniaii and nine Ainerican vessels 
 made their hea(l(pi,irters at Victoria in I,SS(;. Their catches were as follows: liritisli schooners .///>•/ i,6S5. 
 /,////'■ ,^5.(, llliuk lliniiioiul ''.H.|. I\,ili i,.|-'(, I'lillifnidir (^(/), .liiiiir C. Moon j.ijo, Virn ,^.'i4,v '/'/ifirsn 1,310, 
 (hnnii 1/ Hid, /'iiii/ofif 2,\H'<. Sii/'/i/i/i r 2.111111. .Unit Tnvioi -\~,liiiiiiiln {i>\, tl'niii/ini lys, A/iiiiii, -hd, J-'nroi lie 
 
 ..'.i().j. Wiiiiiifi cd 22. Miif^fiif Mm 2,0*17, llctihiu- 1,2 /('. /' Sny.oiiitl 2.2011, Siiiin .So. Moiiiiliihi l/iirf ziu; 
 
 .\mcrican sdiooners Mollir Adams 1,55,;, W'n/lir I.. Riili i,.(ii;, llmiy /hiiiiis 7i,S, l.ollii- 025, /Irssir Kullei ,(;2.s, 
 Wiilnrr },\-, .-ll/ir I Ali^ri 25,^, /. Iloiiiillon /.ricis 2.(2, Sun />iii;o (n) ; Cfernian schooner .lihir [,701. Total, 
 ;=;..'! 10. 
 
 .Several additions were made to the sealing; lleet in iHi/), Ihe liest of whidi were the Cuniiolitr and (hrnii 
 liilli-. The former was hrout^ht out from Sydney, Cape lireton, by Ca|it. Melville 1'". Cutler,' and the 0(i\iii Itcllc 
 lioiii IIalifa\ by Captain OKeary. Captain Cutler encountered very had wealhei and was ofT Cape Horn for 
 lift)- days without t;ainiiiK a mil(?, while the On-nii Ihllf made a Ihini; pa>s.ij;e ol 122 da)-. The Wiillrr L. 
 h'ii/i was purcha.seil by \'ictoria ji.irlies and placed under the liritisli llan- The lUnih' ninnunid became the 
 Kiillinhif, the I'lilhfnidii Ihe /'ioiirn , the Mollir Adonis tin '' I!. Mniviii, the /iiiviilo the .1/iisii>//r, ;ind the 
 
 )////(//(■ the I'iiihiiid. The Miiy Toylor, Captain I'etit, tried :, new exiieriinenl and sailed lor the ( "..ilapa^os 
 Nl.inds in the .Sonlii Pacific, re'iiininj^ to N'ictoria, after .i cruise of sever.il thousand niil'.s, with one skin, which 
 was secured off Crescent City on the way down. Capt. Clarence M. Cox" with the '/'i iiiiiil>/i also experimented in 
 winter sealing;. He Wiis out for two inonlhs but secured only .'^,? skins. 'I'lic " l'"lyiii.i; liutchnian " made a raid 
 on the I'ribilof and St. I'.iul islands late in the fall, after the revenue cutters h.id left that .sedioii, and returned 
 with ^'11 skins. The \'ictoria llecl and their catches for i.Hi/i were as follows: iiva 2,71,^, Miiiiiir 2,5.1'. 
 /■iiroi ilr 2.\\\, Sii/<f>liiii 2.2\:, I:. />'. Moiviii 2.K14, 
 
 '''".i.'.C"' ■'/'" '■').S2. I'ollil'iiidii 1.0. 55- ■*"" /•/("/ i.'*<,Sl. 
 Hi-iitriu- i.7.'^|. I'liiniipli ( 700, Kiilliiiiiir 1.070, 
 lliiiiY /hiiiiis i.s"", ('(•"" /<i/lr i,.-|2'>. Alii! i.yofi, 
 
 liiiiii ('. .l/ooii- i,|2;, il'ii/irr /.. A'/i/i 1 ',17, /V/rnsn 
 i.iv|. /iiiiiiiiii 1.17.S, /'iiir/o/'i 1. 1 7 I. I //. liif'/'ir 
 i.;07, .l/,n I liiyloi- i/ij.S, Knli S.(7, Ainoio 1/.2, 
 
 //■, /: S. /I ,.(/,/ (,,S2, Miliy l-llill I.OOI.. /////,■ 1,22, 
 
 \i:ii /iin;o S70. Adili- '1,1, I'liitnrr s'^'-l. Oii>if!r A'. 
 
 II iii/r [■<!>, irmidiii r S2. Afoiuiliiiii < liiii (10, I.etitia 
 ■ :, Miillii Ihii , (. Total. .| ■ I , skins. Over 
 •i.o.jii of these were secured in lieiiii;; Se.i 
 
 'I'hc Miillii Ihii. ail .\ini.ric;in scIimoihi Wiiit 
 
 li/ed at I'nalaska early in the season while Iv iiig 
 lliere for repairs, but was subseipieiitly released. 
 
 The .lAn I /-'.Hi >i was lost Jul> 2 id on Sand I'oint 
 Keef be'iie ciiti 1111^ lleiinj! .Si.i. .did the wreck was 
 
 old Id- $1S'>. the purchaser r.iisiiij; and selling her 
 at a bij; advance to Jacobseii of \ictoiia. The 
 /'(//// li I was captiireil for the secoinl lime in \-^i<\ 
 
 vhile lyiliK in Neali May, b\ the (01:, in on the old 
 ' harne of rHiiiiiii)^ away with the prize crew in iSH,s. 
 She w:is fiiMlly fflcased on orders fioiii W'ashiunton. 
 
 The schooners Miliid S. and Moiid M. started for 
 I lie Pacific Coast from New Ihnnswiik late in tbi 
 fill. The latter was dismautied and .ibandoned to 
 Ihe uiiderwrr<< rs in the .Sir.iits of Maj^e'daii. .She 
 was owned bv ' i I, Wilson .iiid Ceor^e Cassid\ ot \'aiicouvei. The besi orord made b> .iiu- ol Ihc .Xnuiicnti 
 
 SI hooners ill 1 ^<y" was that of tie Allir I ^V" which reported .it .SeatlK 111 ( Ictober Willi 2,1 skills. In 
 
 N'oveniber hei ow'i' ; . J C Mxoii. |inrclias(d Ihe /A // 1 /hniii^ from Josliii:i lirowii Capt. Dan .Mcl.eau, who 
 1,1(1 liced saibnn under Ihe liritisli ll:i>; lor seveial years, iiad (.■liiiiHc of the .American scliooiu 1 / I liiiiiiltoii /., :,/\ 
 
 III iSijo. He was pursued by llu Russian umiboat l/i\<uii/ii. which demanded his papers, but when he hoisled 
 
 "I'.ipt Mflulle I'. Cllllil Wils hciMl HI Ni.\,i Si iill.i 111 iSli) aiiil ,\'. llic a^e "I --i u-lltn li i nmnii llii'l s.iiliii;; mil iil llallliix nil 
 
 iv Ur'ti^ /oMfi/ii III- Ml I iiiiliiuif'l nil llu Allalltli' I'nasl iiillll iSijii, wliill lie lallii- iniiiiil llu- lliiiii in coniliMlul iil llu- •-i-allllx; 
 
 liDiiiii r ( III moll I. , Willi Hliirh III- iii;;a^;i .1 in sialiii^ liir one si'Msiiii a:ii| lliiti itliiniril In I [all I. is .mil Innk illari;«- nf I lie hiliilsiiiiii- 
 
 hriMtuT Agiii-'. Ml floiiiilil. IHII- 111 llii' liiii si .isM-ls ill the X'icliiria lliel He Imiiiij;1iI llu- ,IA h.iiolJ. ni ivlm li lir is pail inmei. In 
 
 '.iilniia ill iHi,.., anil Willi lu-r w is ainniif,' tlii- lirsi in i;n in (In Japan inasl in se.m-li nf seal-, in ikiii^; sunn- ii-ni nVaiilv last piissii^es 
 
 I ' Iw'ceii \'lrtnii.i anil N'liknliaiiia, ahd invatialih' hriiiein^ liniiic a l.ir^e ealcli. 
 
 "'C'apl (.'larenri- M.Cn\ was linrn ill Nnva .Si-nli.i in iSd^ anil i-ninim-incil ^ealliin niii nl Viv-lnri.i si.v M-ars ii^'n nii llu- 
 linnni-r Mollir . Iditiii\, now ttir A'. II. Af.iri in lie lias ri'i-fiillv lici-n in iliar;;e nl tin- silinniiii /'niiiii/ili. willi wliirli, in iSi,|, hi- 
 I lailr llir lai'>;i -.1 i-.ili li nii ri rniil, l.il" iij; l.s'i" seals .mil n inaii'iiii; in \'ii-lipri.i iliiriiu; llir inniilli nl liiiie. 
 
 s Him-n.H ■ I'liiNia.K ' 
 
 UN TrHl'l-l - M.Ain 
 
m 
 
 t,^^' 
 
 Ihc 
 
 n II: 
 
 I rwls (f /)ry(li<n's Mnrinr lliatory of tlir I'ncilic Nnrthwi'st 
 
 m ;mil rcl'iisicl to (U'livi-r llu'iii Uv \SMS allowfil lo lU |i;irt. This wiis llif fust itisliiiicc 
 
 III iIk 
 
 liislory of till- lU-iiiin Si-:i tKnihU- in wliiili llial \]:\y, \v:is of jiiiy Ueiiulil lo lli'ise sailinj^ niiikT it. 
 
 TIk' Ik-rin^ Si"i (lilliciilly nssiiiiicd a more iienci'ful iispc'ct in i.Siji. Tlic holil sliiiwl tiikt'ii l>y tlii' Ciina(li:iiis 
 ill refitsiuK t" ijuiflly sulnnil to caiitiuf and confisiMtion bad its cfTect, anil tliis year tin- inallii olsci/iiics as ui II 
 as tilt.' protwlion of the si-als wa-^ siiliiiiiltcd to ailiiliatioii, in'iidinj; lln' resiill of which an aj^n cniint lor a ///i'i/»> 
 :i:rnt/i was made, as follows 
 
 • All agreement liitwiin tin ( ".ovi-riiiinnl ol the I'liileil States and the ("loveiiiineiil of I In Itritannie Majesty lor 
 in relation to tin liir seal fisheries in Herinv; Sea for the purpose of avoidiii)4 irrilaliiij^ 
 itii a view lo promote tile liieiidl> settleinenl of the (|liesli()ns peiidiiij; lielweeii the luo 
 
 )f the seal species, llu- 
 
 l(/ll N 
 
 11 If 
 
 cellces, anil w 
 
 lovevniiieiits loueliiiiK their respective rights in j'eriiin Sea, anil lor the preservation 
 
 following agreement is made without iireindice to the riHhts or claims of cither parl> 
 
 Iler .Majesty's (loveniiiieiit will ]iroliiliit. until M: 
 
 \' next, SCI 
 
 I kil 
 
 ill that pait of Iti 
 
 liliK Sea 
 
 tliU 
 
 eastwari 
 
 the line of dciii.iieation described in .\rticlc No i of the 'I'leatv of i ,sf>7 bel^icn the I 
 
 llilcil 
 
 States anil 
 
 kiis 
 
 will promptly use its best elTorls lo insure llic observance of this proliibition bv Urili-4i 
 
 subjects and \essels. 
 
 The t'liited ,Slates (lo\eriimeiit will |iioliibit seal killinn foi the saim- period in the same 
 
 pari I.I 
 
 Hcrilit; ,Se.i, 
 
 the shoies-of the island.s thereof, the pro)ieity of the I'nited .Slates, in excess 
 
 ol the 7, 
 
 be taken on the islands for the subsistence and care of the natives, and will |)ioinptly use its best efforts tc 
 the observance of tliis prohibition by fiiited States vessels. 
 
 !• 
 
 i-essel or person on'eiidiiiK .l^;aillst this |)roliiI>ili 
 
 the said waters of Uelinn Sea. outside of 
 
 the oidinarv territorial limits of the I'liited Slates, ni.'iy be seized and detained by the naval or other ilulv 
 cominissioned ollicers of either ol the liinh contracliii); parlies ; but lliey shall be handed over as soon .is 
 ible to the authorities of the nation to wdiicli lhe\- respectively belong, who shall alone have jurisdiction ic 
 
 piaclic 
 
 try the olfciise and impose the 
 
 shall also be sent with tlieiii. 
 
 .nalties for the saiiii 
 
 1- 
 presentation 
 
 In order to facilitate such 
 
 pIo|)er llli|llllU-s 
 
 .f tl 
 
 e case o 
 
 f thai r. 
 
 >vel Mllli 11 
 
 t bef. 
 
 til. 
 
 The witnesses and laools necessary to establish tin oIlniM 
 
 as Iler .Majesty iiia\' desire lo make, with a view to lli. 
 ■ arbitrators, and in exlieclation that an aureeiiieiil Ini 
 arbitration iiiav be arrived at. il is 
 
 an reel 
 lialed 
 
 that siiit.iblc pe 
 
 rsolis ilesi^ 
 
 ly ( ircat Mrilaiii will be \h 
 lii ,iti 
 
 tuitted at any lime, upon applii ,itiiiii 
 lo visit Ol to remain upon the St a! 
 islands during; the present sealing; 
 
 .season lor Ibal purpose." 
 
 'I'liis aureeiiienl was si>;iied in 
 Washington, June is, >^^)1, by \\ il 
 liam Ic Wharton, actiiin Seciel.iu 
 of State fi r the I'liited States, and 
 Sir Julian I'aiiin elolc. I Icr Uril.iiiiM' 
 .Majesty s h'.iivov Ivxlraordinary .iiiil 
 Minister I'leiiipoteiitiary, with lln- 
 express understandini; tll.it the tun 
 CoMriiiiu uts should iiniiiediali Iv 
 unite 111 the appoiutiuciit of a joint 
 commission to ascertain what perina 
 iieiit meiisures were necessary lor llic 
 preservation of the fur seals in llie 
 
 North Pacific 
 
 the I'll si 
 
 lent' 
 
 The revenue 
 
 :'hl 
 
 iitle. ( ii/'.-.v 
 d 
 
 '1. C; 
 
 iplaiii lloijpei w. 
 
 proclaiii.ilioii lej^ardiii}; the iiituim :/.ii/i: 
 
 ili'Hil lo the I'libilol Islands with copii" 
 //. for dislribiilioii to the iiilciesied 
 1- 
 
 pailK 
 
 III. 
 
 1 oinin.iuders of the rcvriiiic licet. The mill of war Tliilis. \liil and .Mrhiaiii wiic iNi, oidcied to the siaiiii).; 
 ^iroiiiids to prevent blither cilchiiiK of seals during the season Thefiisl sci/un uiidci llu- new aiiaii^;cnn ill 
 
 as that of the 
 
 I: II. Mo 
 
 Captain McI)onnall, wlin h was lake 
 
 II bv the 
 
 /\itli(iiil l\iish and luilied nvei In 
 
 II .M. S. Xviiif'li,- 
 cutters, iimoiin them 
 
 iliieh ordered her to \ictori.M. Seviial otiier sehoonei , were sent out of Hiiinn .Sea bv llie 
 the U'ti/Zir /.. /\/i/i, M,tiy llhii, (ho/l;'- A' tl'/ii/i\ /liti/r/n, (■u iiiolitc. ( . />. Miyis nnl 
 
 ( 'il\ I'l Siiii 
 
 /)/, 
 
 The latter. 
 
 111 cominaiii 
 
 if Capt 
 
 I <e()r>{e 
 
 W< 
 
 :lit over lo Copjii r Island, iieai wlc li 
 
 Irail 
 
 "Capl. C, 
 
 ..ri;.- v.- 
 
 lllK ve' 
 
 ■il l.v lli^i rallKT. Ill- 
 
 SS'ia 
 
 ml i 
 
 .MiiMi-ln ri 
 
 I h! 
 
 .Itrl-I nil Illci-Dilsl l)i Ins naluc 1 lillMI I 
 
 ru-iWiiril ciiiptovcil on itcf 
 
 wlii'ii lie .1 
 
 ,ir;ivi-il in Sun loaiirls 
 
 l!SS;, hIii'II he sliip] 
 
 ■.I li 
 
 I lli.il 
 
 p.iii 
 
 111 llie stii)i 
 
 •/'/» 
 
 '.'/.iM/M. 
 
 M 
 
 III! 
 
 / ////, 
 
 1' next srrvi- 
 
 villi 11 ' 
 
 p vMiler vessi'ts in \,n|iji 
 
 .1 i>n 1 
 
 lahltn^ 
 
 rill 
 
 /(■il lo lln- irvi'iiii 
 
 i-rew lii-lnj.; Ii-ll .11 Silka In sliiH loi llll•lnM•lv^-^ 
 (V\r// iiiiil .'/./; r /'.//.-//. In IS. yd hr s.iiU-i! nut 
 Irnlll tile saini* purl as lllasli-r ol III.- S,iri Dit 
 .I//II- I. Ahn nut of .Seallli- 
 
 iif III)- wnilil until 
 ..III 111 tin ¥„,s tilv 
 mill h'lJiilfil l\'ii\h .III 
 
 il 
 
 .nl>si-.|tit-ntl\ in.io ..n lln ( if\ (*/ Sint /^/'-i,..'. L;niiij,^ t'iniii lier (n (hi* / 
 
 as in. lie .mil huiiU-i -.n lln-/ llamilhni I, 
 
 III 
 
 In iSiyj In 
 
 li.i.l .'In 
 
 .1 III. 
 
 Ml. I ill 1^.(1 ami iSi^l •.iiili-l III 
 
A Biirf History of thf Hrilis/i (Uiliinibi:) Si::i/iny Inihistry 
 
 M 
 
 sliincc ill Ihi- 
 
 111- C:iiiiiili:iiis 
 i/iircs iis will 
 it lor ;i iiii',i.'i' 
 
 f M;ijrNl\ I'll 
 inn iriil:iliiiK 
 ,vi-i-ii till-' lud 
 il s|iotii-.s, I lu- 
 ll liriiliK Sea 
 ■11 till- I iiitcd 
 inn l)y liritisli 
 
 saiiK" li;iii 111 
 .1 tlif 7,5"" 1" 
 
 irrilt."! to illMlli 
 ■ic'l lllltslili- 111 
 
 or oilur ilul\ 
 cr :ts soon .- 
 iiiris<li('li(>ii til 
 i^li till- olTtllsr 
 
 A view to till 
 
 MHri'1'iiK'iil till 
 irivcd at, it is 
 
 |1(.TN01IS lIcMH 
 
 in will 111- I'l 1 
 on aiililiialmii 
 upon tin- Seal 
 )rc'srnt staliiiv; 
 
 iC . " 
 
 I was siniR-il III 
 
 I. Si; I, liv U'll 
 
 tiiin Sern-tan 
 
 1 Stall's, and 
 
 I In Kritainiii 
 loiilinary ami 
 
 iry, willi llii' 
 that till' tu'i 
 iiniiK'iliatt'h' 
 lit of a jiiiiil 
 
 II wlial inTliia- 
 
 rcssaiy lor llii- 
 
 r seals ill llie 
 
 with I'opii-- 111 
 
 11 tics ami till 
 tlir sialiii^; 
 w airaiiKi'im "' 
 
 UllRil iiVll 1" 
 111^ Sea li\ ilii' 
 /'. Mnns Mill 
 I. near wli ■ li 
 
 iialm- I iiiiiiii II" 
 ^imIiI iiiiIII 
 li. f„,\ I'lU : '^iil 
 
 lur I.. Illr / ■"■ 
 .mil a sf'iii ■ ' *■' 
 
 .1 iSiy.) Mlillil I"' 
 
 tl 
 
 tl 
 
 the Mcl.i'an Itrollurs met with iiiisloitiine. Capl Dan Mil,eaii iiiaile a raid on the isl.iiid, and was surprised 
 liy a party of Knssiaiis, wlio opened (ire, wounding Mel.e.'iM. The new with liiin were iinhiiit and look to 
 the hoal.s, reaching; the seliooner in safety with the exception of one man, 'raliiol, who was so friglitcned 
 tliat he fell overhoard ami <lrowned. Sail was iii.ide and the seliooner k"' away from the danneroiis locality 
 as rajiidly as possilile. Capt. Alex Mel.ean w.is in the same vicinity with the /. Iliuiiilloii /.<iris and was 
 lAcrlianled hy the Kiissian man of war Aleiil, which ordered the l.<ui\ to heave to ; Inil Mcl.ean shouted hack 
 that he would do iiotliiiit; of the kind, that he was in neutral water, and neither the Russians nor any one else 
 had any ri^ht to interfere with him. The man of-war then swniin off lor a short distance and fired several shots, 
 iiitendinj; to frighten the sealer. Mcl.ean was a strant;ei to fear and paid no attention to the homhardment, so 
 alter another volley the .\lnil steamed ilown across the how of the /.( .ivs, carrying away her lorcri^inin^, and, as 
 she swiiiiH alongside, a party hoarded the l.i;ci\ and took possession. The Aiiiiiicans were then transferred to 
 the inan-of war, which lowed the schooner into the port of I'etiopaulovski. There the vessel was refitted, and 
 with a crew of nine Kussiaiis and six Anier 
 icaus sailed for \la<livostock, to which place 
 Ihe Aliul accompanied her ai 1 delivered the 
 list of the .'\iiiericaus to the anlhoiities llieie. 
 Tile crew of the I.iifis were confined most of 
 llie time, althonnh they were allowed the 
 lieedoni of the town, haviiij; to re|>ort ,it the 
 |iii.son not later tluin ei^ht o'clock in the eve- 
 luiin. In January, iSyj, they were released 
 and sent to Corea, where they were trans- 
 
 ■ired to another Russian vessel, which look 
 lliem to Nagasaki. The American consul at 
 ihat place scut them to N'okohama, and from 
 
 acre thc\- went to San iMancisco. 
 
 \rrivats from the I'laslern coast in iSi/i 
 ,;.> ," i the lii/iirii, wlii<'h was lirounht lioiii 
 llalilax liy Capt. il I'' Sicwaid in tlu' remark 
 iMe lime of loS days, the liest nciird m.ide liy 
 .iiiv of the schooners ; the Miiiii/ S., (.'aplain 
 McKiel, which reached Victoria, .April ,Htli, 
 I 1" day 
 
 s from llalilax , ihe / 'inhiiini, wllii'h made the iiiii Iruiii S\diiev, Cape I'.ielou, in chaij^e of C 
 
 ipt. Cliaii 
 
 (.'.implicll in I (o days; and the <)llo, Captain Mcl.cod, which accomplished the sam 
 
 c voyage in i ;; 
 
 While 
 
 p.issane as the others, the (l/lo made some .splendid iiins, coviiin^; in four days j.i 
 
 lid .'i; miles lespecti 
 
 ji.S a 
 
 iltirward released 
 
 SI 
 
 ic was sei/ci 
 
 iliout tl 
 
 -aiiic tiiiK' as till- /■.. //. A/iii.iii, lull lin.h vt 
 
 The .//. 
 
 /•.. /'dill/, Capt.iiii llisset. arrived at Victoria IVoiu 
 
 llalifa 
 
 the 
 
 iiiucIk-i 
 
 at the former city hVliiuary .•sth fi.i Capt. .\. l)oU);lassiV Co.. and the Hoi rulh, Capta 
 
 .l/,n 
 1 Ml 
 
 -sels Wele 
 
 /:,//,■ was 
 
 ici, .\Iaich 
 
 i<)th The h'osii- O/.Mii was purchased in jaiiii.iry hy Captain Cox. The lailure of the t'nited States to protect 
 
 iti/.ens sailiiij; under her lla^; had driven many line vessels iiiidci the Uiitish colors, anioiin the 
 
 st known heiiiy; 
 
 llie Oir.iiud, Jtmiiitii, .llfiid .li/iiiiis. Maiy I'ltyloi . A/.ny l-.lhii. .U,<llit' .h/iiiii.s. \\',il/,i I Kiili, ( h,,ii- miil / /n/lir, 
 A'.ii/V ()/\iii, (i/v ii/ \iiii /hi^ii. Si'/riii /Ar/a/r and /.,iiii,i. The .\iiiei icaii scalci .\/-ii (,ii//, C'.ipt. l''iaiiU White, 
 uas wrecked May iiith on Cape St. j, lines, .\laska. The /innu/ii, L'.ipt. I'jiiest l.oicii/, ' was the vicliin ul a 
 |iow<ler explosion, which forced her to retuili to poit with several ol her crew iiiiuied. The total catch of the 
 \ictoiia lleel lor iSoi was .so,.i.i>< ''kins, of which .•H.7fiS were secured in lUiiiij.; Sea. Several of the schooners 
 
 iilitainetl over 
 
 skins, anioiin them the ('iii/,>l/ii (i. ( '<m , Captain liyeis ; (.\ii iih>til,\ Ciitl 
 
 W.ill, 
 
 .1 
 
 luirlr, M.ineiisen ; .liiiiii- ( . .I/.i. 
 
 Charles llackett 
 
 /.■, 
 
 i/i.y \U 
 
 >er 
 
 /•/, 
 
 Wiutworth !•;. Maker 
 
 ,d /■; 
 
 I'/ /A 
 
 l.aimhlin Mcl.ean. 
 
 Tl 
 
 le sk'aiii schiiiiMci I liislli' was also ninaned in sealing this veai 
 
 Inn 
 
 was not \x-\s siucesslul 
 
 rill' schooner .\ilili\ Capt.iin Hansen, was wrecked April Sth on (Jiueii Cliarlotti's 
 
 I land. She drained her aiichoi during; a heavy K"l'' ■""' ^^''^ pounded to pieies soon alter striking; the 
 
 Whil 
 
 e a niinihei 
 
 ■ach. 
 ves wi're sacrificed e.ich yiai in the sealers' daii>;erous calling;, it was not until iMi, 
 
 that any of the lleel weie wri-iked. ICa'l\ iii that season the .Waxi;"' 
 
 .1/. 
 
 /( met with a late which leinaine 
 
 ■ e apl. I'.uirsl 1,1 
 NitrlhwesI nil llir liaik 
 /•■iill/il. lie liiis iv 
 
 ..IS linlii Ml ( '.riin.ttn II) l.S'n ;iinl rniiiiiiinifil t'.nlll.i; In mm will' 1 1 Itllrni \ i-ais nl a^e. 
 
 Ill' 
 
 llllv III 
 
 «/ i/lf 
 
 .S,',n, 
 
 mil, 
 
 -I'll sailing IIS niastt-r 
 
 ill II 
 
 alter rt'iii.iiiiiii^ nii s 
 
 llnll' 
 
 le st'aliiiK si-linniu-i /'/.'iif 
 
 Naiia'.iiiii 
 Willi whii-li he lias lieelt ve 
 
 -at, ioilll-il llie si-alill^ si-llnnlli 
 
 I'V slli-i-i-ss 
 
 fill. 
 
 'Capl. t'll.illi-s llarkell «a-. Inn II ill Nnv.l Srnli.l. ailil, like lilt- Iliainlll \ 111 llll- Mill II n llli-ll ill Ulal lnralil\ , riilllllli-|li-ci| K'lllll- 
 illllil 1 le si-l veil llll llll- .\ll.nitir I'nasl ill valliill-i I'.lliai-itii-s lllllll iSSi;, \\ Inn lit- i-:iillr in \'lrliil l;i .iinl 
 
 \lll 
 
 lllllt- 
 
 lliaii 
 
 "K-im-ii ill llll- 
 
 lt' was Ini Mi-\i-r.-il \i-:iis llliisli-i nl llie si-linniu-| . hiiili' ( '. l/iM/r allil lias jtlsii i nliitil.itl'li-il Illr 
 
 / //'/iir-. III wliii-ti lie uwiiH all iiiU'it-hl, liiitli st-liiiniiers prnvini.; ver\ sui-i-i>ss['iil in llii-ii n|ii 
 
 H'apt. W'eiilwnrlli Iv linker nf Viilnria, II. I'. 
 
 < linrii ill Vaiiiiniilli, Ml'., ill 
 
 111 iSSd im till' /■/;-(! with wliiili In 
 
 III linin llalil'av, ami w,-is ntu 
 
 ill 
 
 Ihi 
 
 liille she 
 
 111 iSHi;, vslii'ii he si-riitril s.'iM skins, iiiiil wall une i'\i-i-]iliini t-vi-i\ \i-ai s 
 
 lllnll-.. 
 
 Ill- l-nlllnil'lll'iil < 
 //. /'k,1/1(-/ , Ih-iiik 
 
 nil! 
 
 mil 111 \'ii'liiiia 
 
 ill III 
 
 . ilriMii .ishnii- ami Insl. v. ,-|il.iin ll.ikii li.i-^ iiiaili- -iiiliir vi i \ lii-a\ \ rali-ln-s iliit iiiv; his -.ealiti^ r.iii i i . lln- hl^li(--.l luiiu; 
 
 inn- llli-ll lne> si-riiieil ovel .".i 
 
 III nl llie SI llnnllfl /'/ 
 
 lie li.is t-ei-i-iill\ liail 
 
 Ml- has iii'ver liail a lin.il mil hm-i iiielit ni In-.i i iinni 
 
43« 
 
 Lnwin <f Drydcn's Mnrini; History oF the hicHlc NnrtliWDnt 
 
 III 
 
 ill 
 
 III 
 
 inystt-ry for over M year. 'Plio pMrticiil.irs of lu-r ciuliiij; will never be known, as nn trace was ever fonnd of aiu 
 <>l llie twenty lliree men on hoaril. She saileil iVoin X'icloria in Jannary in charge ol jolin Dodd, laptaiii ; l< 
 Jennings, male; Charles I'arsoiis, Alfred I'arsons, John M<Kiel, James l,ennie, llunh (iiMis and Daniel lluiii, 
 hnnters ; John Dunn, John Carol, Arlhnr l''inmore, (iemne I'arsons, Donald McDonald, James Doij;, I'ch \ 
 AI)l)olt, John C. Kane, ("leor^je K(ll\', James Thompson, Alexander M.ixwell, D.niiel Mcllnnh, W. Johns, seiinicn 
 ,ind l)o,it|inlk-rs ; D.iniel I'. J.icohs, cook ; and J. Dodil. a^ed thirteen, son of the captain. The crew weie .ill 
 yonn^; men, averaj^in^; alionl twenty fonr years of a^e. The l.isl letter frinn the schooner was receive<l in \'icloii:i, 
 .March i.S, isv-, hy U- 1*. Uilhet iV Co. Irom Captain Dodd. dated at Clayoipiot. Nothing firrtlier w.as liearil ol 
 the .Uiii.'x"' '/"' until I'dirnarv, I'^oV when the sealing; Nchooner /'/("/^v ; railed at (Jnatsino .Sonnd and foiinrl 
 that two storekeepers had rei-overcd lr.inments ol the ill lat<'d vessel in a small cove sonlli of Cape ,Si(itl. I'roiii 
 the location ol the wreckage, which inclnded <ine side of the schooner and consideralile of her ^ear, it is Ihoiijdit 
 thai sill- was canj'.ht in .a violent storm amon^ the k'"'I|' of small islands hetween CapeSccjlt and 'l'riaii^;le Isl.nid, 
 and that, owin^ to the ronKhness of the co.ist .it this point, the men (onld not escape. 'I'hc accom]ianyiii;; 
 ilhistr.ation is of the crew of 1.S91, which, with few exceptions, rem.iineil with the schooner on hir fat.al trip. 
 
 Nearly ,1 dozen line sihooncrs wcic added '.o the \icloii.i sc.aliiij; Heel in I.Hc,^', One ol the (Inest w.is Ihc 
 ,lt;iir\ .1/1 /I11//11/1/, hron^lit onl li\- Captain Cntlei, who had come aronnd in the (iniiii'li/t two yeais hcloic. The 
 Ml Ihiiiiilil w.is Imilt like a yachi and spread i,Srj.i y,ards of c.inv.as. She made the pass,i);c ont in i^'ida\s, 
 
 lull demonsti.iled 1" 1 
 •T»i^- '--• ; '■j_i's^\ immense speed a yen 
 
 *-*'~^i •', f A^ later on .a voyajn- lo 
 
 k*.J* Japan, 1 o ^., j; i n (.; .;.,7 
 
 miles ill a ,sinv,li' d.iv. 
 The .liiil, Ca]il, Joliii 
 .Mcl.eod, ' and . ////.'. 
 Captain Martin, 1 aiii^ 
 aionnd Irom Ilalilax 
 t III' lalti-r inak ill}', llic 
 I nil in I .'.s cla\ s, w lnlc 
 t h c Ihnii/ii, (.'apt.aiii 
 Cole, arrived in 1 |'. 
 il .a \' s I I 0111 Svdii' V, 
 t'apc I! I c Inn. Cap 
 tain W'hilclcy s:iil. r| 
 till- Miiiiiii/il aioiiml 
 ill IP) da\ s. w li 1 1 c 
 the //////- ,IA ("„.,/,„/ 
 Captiiiil I )alcy. I 1 oia 
 Svdncv, and Ihc I/' /' 
 //.'//, Captain I'liou,' 
 Irom St . John's, w p 
 .iImhiI Ii\c iiionths 1)11 
 the ti ip, liolh an \: wty 
 in .Mav. 'I'hc /(''MA'; , .another .\'ov,i ,Scoli.i schoonci , was wicckeil at Montcvidiu while 1 11 r,<iili' to\'ii|i.:: 
 The ( ,i\,o, .a small clippci constructed f(j| a pi i\-ali- vacht, re.ii lied \h loii.i in .\pi .!. ,1111 1 Ihc schoniieis \'iil,ii,<i 
 Siiilii- '/'iii/>i/ .and l:iilii I'liM- were lanncheil Ihcie, all laitcriin; the service Ih.'i \e,ii. W. D. M( Donj^.il! u 1 
 niastir of Ihe /iii/n/. Sixtyfive vtssels sailed onl of \iitori.i for the scaling ^'.rounds in i.S.jj, and Ihc lesiili 1 
 their season's work was far himi satisfactory. The si hoom is /..nini and l.ollir were soon wrecked, and the (' •■' 
 (///(/ I liillii lost .1 i;ooil ]iail of the season li\ a lei rihle .accidelil oil the ( )ic;.M)n 1 oast. Captain ( i.iiilt, her lii.i ,(' 1 
 I ''lei I W'ldinv.liaiii, John McDonald and dns l.onie. Iiuntiis, and Ivlw.iid l,oi kc, lio.ilpiillci , were di owned in 1! ■ 
 surf at N'aipiina while scaichiii}; fm ,1 diseilii, ,niil Ihc si lioonii was afterward sci/. i|, .-is wcic ncmh' .1 il"/ :i 
 others. To Clown all llie iipph sli :imci ('k.jkiIIhiii w.issci/ei| with .ahoiil S7 s,' n 10 woi ill ol skins on lioaid. 
 
 The in,h/ii\ rr.i iidi W.IS contiiined in i.Si,j, hnl was not aiinonnced until after maiiv ol the vessels lid 
 
 dip,irli i\ The Meet Inrnished eniployiiienl to i,=,.> whites ,ind 500 Indians, and the total 'iiiinlici ol ski is sei I 
 
 was .(,S,,lHv The II. line, 01 llic msscIs .nid then e.ali lies win .is lollows : .liiiiii I: I'liim i.oiv, Aiiiohn ;, 
 ^llirniii T,-H. .liliiii ( . .]/i)i>i , iy,ii, .liirl\,>i,'s. .tiiilr\ I, IS'', ■\riil .'. /,!,''/(. .!/. /',.c '/,/.,'. | , /l,'itii/i\ -,07, /.'/. '' 
 
 'liipl li'llll .\li l.eii'l p. "Ill- 1,1 III' I" I known III Mil- Nov.i Sculnill 1 u\it\\\ ol mmIi-I' now ni.lklllj; \ n li.ll.i lls l|r;i.|i|ll.e: . 
 Ill' lili)ll);lil till- ilioi.iHi .//'./ ;ii"iilji! Iioin ilalil.iv III |S'(.' Ill |,!.S ilays. one ol lllr lifsl pas>,'i);rs lllaili' liyllle llirjji- lli'i'l Oi'l 
 
 ilonlili'l llii- III. HI. II: lias I'll n vn-. snrnsslnl in lln- liiisiiiiss iiinl at liillirriil linns lias coiiiiiniii'lcil siviial oilier srlii" 
 
 hesiili- llu' spi eii\ , /; II .' 
 
 1,'m|iI. William 1 1 .Ml IliMi^all was lioni in Maill.ilnl, Nova Si "lia. in |S|'/, iinl 1 1'liinnni cl In . inaiine 1 ;iiii 1 in iSdi on ' 'n- 
 hiirk /i sMi'iti I .las^'.iiw. He lontiiillril sailing in various 11.11 1-, ol lln- vvll'l in sniioi'linati- 1 ai'.ii 11 ns mil 'I 1S71. v\ hen In- was I'l ■' ' ' 
 
 a in.'islrT's rinliticaii- al 1 .las^mN, Si oil a ml, Itr n itiiiinrii in lln •ht.'ii-vviilrr li.ni nl lln* lain 1 pail o] tin- •'i>',liiies, -Alnn In • 
 
 III Virtiiria ami 1 oiiiiiiriiriil si aliii); iiii tlii' ,1 liiiiiiii 1 Siiilir '/ iiiftil 
 
 
I I ' 
 
 /J lirirl llialory 0/ the lirili'ih Culiinilii:) ■'•!f:i/iiir/ livlinli^ 
 
 i.v; 
 
 i • :ii 
 
 illllil of ;ili\ 
 r:i|il:iili ; K 
 M\\v\ llolll, 
 I >i)it',, I'lii \ 
 lilis, sf;iiiii n 
 cw Wl'U' all 
 in \'i(liiii:i, 
 
 ,"1S lll'linl I.I 
 1 mill Inllli.l 
 (■(lit. I'loin 
 it is lliciii}',lil 
 iiinlr I.I.iihI 
 ■(•(iiil]):ili> in;; 
 l:il trill, 
 lest w.ls IIm 
 l.c((.iv. The 
 ill I.V' i1m\s, 
 
 )iisti;ili'l 1" I 
 s|ifc(l .-1 yen 
 .•1 voynv.i' I" 
 
 '«!■•,> 'I K .VV 
 M .-.illV.li' <I:IV. 
 /, C:\y\. ji.lm 
 ' and .1),,!. 
 Mai till, I aiil' 
 rem llalllax 
 r iiial;iii;.', lli' 
 :.S (lavs, uliil' 
 ■iiild. Captain 
 lived i II I I" 
 inn Svilni \, 
 ilnii. Cap 
 tclcy sail''l 
 ///(//(/ aiunnd 
 lays, while 
 
 Diiliy, I loiii 
 
 mil the \V /■ 
 
 l,iiii HiiAva 
 
 jdllll'S, wile 
 e llldllths III! 
 
 liiilli ani'.Mi;: 
 ti, \'i( l.iii I 
 
 llels I ViA'/"' 
 l<,llj;.lll W I 
 Ihe K'-nll "I 
 111.1 the '' 
 1. licl Ilia ' 
 iWlleil in ''■ 
 •ally a dn/' n 
 II l)ipai'l. 
 !,• vessels h el 
 ki IS sei 111' '! 
 . hiii'l.i' i I 
 v.T, /■'" '■ 
 
 I-, liea.|.|ii.i. 
 1.,,,., llcci I'' 
 alici ■.elliKi! 
 
 I III i.Sl.l lie 
 1 lie WIIS )'l e 
 ■aIm-II lie ' ' 
 
 p. U y\ 
 
 Vi !■ I I 41 son N (U IS I I 11- IS I rii ~-^ I t•^^ IS I l-.M.N 
 
 i.rM<> *•« III 
 
^=3^ —. .',iK\i'«-»' 'a-.". -- - '.i' ■: 
 
 41(1 
 
 Lvv^is c? Drydcn's Mnrine History of fhu Pacitin Nortliwust 
 
 ()JI, /li'ii/iicf (,yH, Ciiiloll,! (,'. Cm j,737, < . //. '/'ii/>/>,r i,.St7, ('(iiiiiolih- S;.;, T, /^. AVf//!/ jS, (',(/),■ AVv^/r j;, /),./„ 
 Sii:,iiril ,S()7, /;'. />'. Mnrvin 2.(117, I'.nlfifi isf 'i"7, luivofilf 65-', /•'((«■« (Ho, iniiii'a i,2(jii, I liuriiila \^i, 
 k'nthiiiiic 4,v^, A'((/c 270, /.nhitnloi 275, /.Mity), Atiiiiiii- f,, Miiiiii S'XJ. nttisnillr .\.\i\, Mmitl S. 1,702, /!/<// 1 
 '/"(/I'/o/ 942, yl/iM' /i'(7//' 524, Misihiff (I'li, /1/(/0' /;'//(■« K4fi, /I/<v «/<(/(/ 402, (Avvjw /.V//c 1, ('n, fV(n (n/i/ /Af///V 47.' 
 Olh 2(->s, /'ioiuvi .\2i), /',-nilof>f 1,717, Sni Lion r,i)34, Sa/^f'liifr 970, .SVf,//V- ■/'////>,/ r.ns, Tlifii-sn sCi.S, '////'v/A' S,;, 
 Tiiumpli 541, I 'mill ilia 1,47.^, ( '/.'(f i,74H, I'ciiliin- 165, I'iiloiiii 581, IT. /'. SavwdrJ 1,080, Wnlln .1. /uir/, 
 1,866. Wiiiiii/nil foo, Wivnliiei 87, U'ii//<r I.. Kifll ,v86, l/V///(' A/iliouaii (),^, //'. /'. /A/// |i(,; ciitclR'S iii.l 
 nivc'ii. Mm ill. Moiiiitdin Chiif and A'cwc f'Av'/ ,■ Ao/z'/c, A(f«/v; and Mamiir Mai wrecked. 
 
 TIr' followiiin vessels wore sui/.cd : .-//vV/, Ciniiiolili\ C. P. A'ain/, I liiii iilla. Mmiii, Moiiiilaiii Cliici, Osi.n 
 
 ,111,1 ll,iltii\ A'osi,- (Vsi-ii, tl'iiiiii/irt/ and I/7///V' J/iGoiciii. Tliu Vancouver sell cr V,iii,oiin-i lt,lli\ Capl. VV. II 
 
 Co])]), '■ was ea])tured willi 7011 skins 
 aboard liy the Russian niaii of w;ii 
 '/.,ihi,ik;i, twenty miles oil' Cojiim 
 Island, July i-'tli, and taken with hei 
 crew to l'etnp])aiilovski, where after 
 slight detention the iiieii were sent 
 lioiiie in the Rosii- H/sm. The Kiis- 
 sians refused to return the /till,- 
 which was a very line schooner. The 
 steamer ( ',>i/iiilliiiii was sent north 
 with siil)])lies for the X'ictoria Meet tu 
 eiiahle them to eontiniie the season ^ 
 work, and was also e.xjieeled to liriiif; 
 back the catch U|) to the time ol liei 
 arri\',il. A reiidi/voiis was seleilcd 
 at Port Ivtclies, Prince William Sound, 
 •and, while the ('('</ nil la 111 was then- 
 transferring carj;o, she was surjniscil 
 by the revenue cutter (01., in ;iiiii 
 seized. The (0/ .,/« conveyed lur in 
 Silka. where she was tinned o\cr tn 
 the I'nited States marshal and sub 
 setiuciitly sent to Port Towiiseiid 
 Cai)laiii Uoojicr, in his re|iort to 
 the authorities at \V'ashiiij;toii. said 
 "The Coi/uilliiiii entered a h.irbor of the United States, not a |)ort of entry, without a ])erniit from the customs 
 authority, transferred and receiveil a cargo in \ iolation of law, and w.is engaged in towing within the Jurisdiclion 
 of the Unite<l States, and h.is lor these acts subjected herself and cargo to conliscatioii. It also ajijieais tli.it lln 
 cajitaiii and owners of the l'«i/iiill,iiii were w;\(neil by L'ollerlor Milne of X'ictoria before sailing that they wonlil 
 run great risks liv what the\ iinijinsed to <lo He :t.jvi>»»1 them to make a transfer on tlu high seas." 
 
 Among the schooners transferring their c;i.gii lo the (ih:i\-ll,iiii w.is the Sra I.i,tii, Cajit. Otto Ihicholt/., 
 which, as s<»ii as she had delivere<l her cargo of 1 pm skins toC.'plain Mcl,ellan, stood away for the Uiissiaii side, 
 where she hunted through the season without interrni)tion. ( )ii Se]>tember 15th she encountered a fearful storm 
 ofl' Am. in which she lost six sealing boats and all of her water casks, aiiil the galley was stove in ami iirell\ 
 badly <laniaged. Sand Point was the nuaiest jporl. and Cajitain liuclioltz hciided in that '.irrction, reaching Ihen 
 Sei)tenil)er jstli, Helore going ill with the schooner he rowed ashore and interviewed Collector liiiUock, \\\\i> 
 assured him that the vessel wonlil not be molested, so she came in and was beached lor re])airs. A few days lalei 
 orders were re<eive<l from Sitka to seize aii> .il tin lleet which had met the ( iv/«//A/w and which might nm in 
 Notwithstanding the fact that he had i)romise<l her safety, the collector infoinuil Ca])tain Ihuholtz that tin 
 schooiici was under seizure, and .. dejiuty niaishal was (ilaced aboanl On the night of the twenty niiilh a )'al( 
 s])raiig Uji which Ihreatfnvd to drive the sehonUer <»« the rocks or out to sea. Cajilain linihollz then decided I" 
 leave jiort. an<l gave tl" oHicial in ehai^je the choice of going ashore or being shanghaied. lie dcmmied at fusi 
 
 '"V-mit. \V. H. lulip i>f VaiHouvrr, II. l'., »<- liuni in Nrw Hruiiswii'k in ii.\42. .\riiT sailing in v;iiiiius p.iiis <>l llic worlil. In- 
 I'ftitie lo Vaiicixmi lu iW; rind liiiiU the sclicpciiiii I'liiiiiiiivri I:, llf. He tool l»er into lleiiri^; Si;i in i.Si)i. Iml \s;v- in.lrii il iinl .1 
 Jui\ li> llic ran I I Sl;ili'% n-venni' i uiw-?^ lie niaile .'inollii'i .it tr nipt I he foll-winv^ vi-.u ;n en lei- Ui-riii^ St-ii wilh tin- /.'< U,-, ami ■ !! 
 iiniliii^' it ( IriKcf' Avnl tivrt fo tin- KtisMnM vnU- ami si-.ileil in the vieinit\- ot C''»j»|)ei Nlaml *\lu-u- lie w.ts sii,,il j,ix wi-iks lattT I»\ 1 
 Knssiaii man lit war, wInvV look tli*' Vs^««»el ami rrew lo I'elio]iaii!iivski. The Koveiiitu of the provinei- gave tlii-in .1 \\iiiti*Mii 
 Vielona srliooiiei, half iiro\ isionfil. /itiiitist unlit lur use, ami sent tlii-in huiiu*. *>ti riaihitiy \';ini-onvi'r, the ve.sscl whirh hail la in 
 snhslifciHeil liy Ihe KiisKtHiis was haiiilfil over to hiT original nwiiers, Captain Coiip losiiij^ Ins M-sseJ .-imi hei eurgo. valueil at ahnni 
 ;fl.to,iKKi. He llu-n reiireil from *!K' w.-iler .-itiil has sini-e heen enija^eil in stiveiU'iiiig at V'aniim vei . 
 
 ' Cajit. oltn Miirholl/' was horn in (Icnnaii)- in iSfi^. lie t'oninienrnl sealin^^ unl ot Viftoti.i in iSiji 1 mi llu sehooner Miiiin ' 
 Biiil has heel] sl^cohlv eiigii)(eil siine. In iSyj he was in iiiniiiianil of the Sfa /.i,m, anil v^liile rii loulf Ironi Virtinia to Kainihall 1 
 pill into Saiiil )\v>Mt, .MaskH, in ilislriss. lie wan there sei/iil hy 1111 Ainerieaii n \eiiue entter, liul ese.ipeil ami heailid for \ielon ■. 
 where tin i anaili.in rioviniineiil pn.liiUil liini. 
 
 
A Brief History of thu British Cnlumbia Sonliny Industry 
 
 441 
 
 ,71)3, A/<iry 
 
 //„///,■ 47^, 
 
 7/i/\//r ,S;,, 
 
 I .1. r.aii, 
 
 mIcIr'S M(i| 
 
 hid, "•■I"' 
 'apt. W. II. 
 
 I 7111) skills 
 111:111 (iluai 
 
 oil" CdpplT 
 
 I'll witli liii 
 
 wlic'iv afUi 
 
 were sunt 
 
 The Uiis- 
 
 llic /.',//,■. 
 
 KiiK-r. Till' 
 
 sunt iKiilli 
 
 oria llt'L't 111 
 
 llie si'iisoii's 
 
 ■led to liiiiii; 
 
 tiiiR- ol lui 
 
 ,v:is .sck-i'li-il 
 
 lliani SotiMil. 
 
 II was tlll'lr 
 
 as smpiisiil 
 
 ( 1)1. it II ami 
 
 I'eyc'd lu-r In 
 
 iifd o\xr 1m 
 
 lal and siili 
 
 'IViwiisfiiil. 
 
 s report In 
 
 iiHtoii. said 
 
 1 tlie ciisl<iiiis 
 
 u Jiirisdicliun 
 
 .•ais that 'An- 
 
 t the\' uoiilil 
 
 o 1'>U( holt/. 
 Kussiati -idr. 
 Ii-arlul stoiiii 
 ill and |iK-lt\ 
 eai'liinn there 
 Hulloek, wliii 
 ew (hiys lalei 
 iiij;ht run in 
 loll/ that the 
 iiiiilh a I'alc 
 rn dei'ided I" 
 mi red at firsl 
 
 t ihe wutlil, I"- 
 .mil 11 <l mil i> 
 u- /.<//(■, mill "11 
 weeks laler liv 1 
 Kill ;t worn oni 
 wliieli liM.l I.e. II 
 v:illlecl al .lliniil 
 
 .eliodiier .!/;«". 
 a to K.-tnti'lia! 1 I 
 ,1, .1 r.)r \iilon.. 
 
 Init, re iliziiig that tlie X'ietoriaiis were in earnest, niacerully aerei)tecl the situation and rowed to hniil. 'Pwo 
 weeks later the Sra Lion sailed iiuo Vii'toria liarhor with her Unssiaii ealeli. 
 
 The (.'ill molilr, Capt. VV'illiaiii ( ). nii>;lies, was seized oil' Copper Island, and the crew were taken to 
 I'etropaulovski. remaininy; on the Knssian man of-war (or a eonsideratile length of time, linally llein^; sent from 
 X'ladivostoek to Na^;asaki, and from tliere to X'ietoriii on the h'.mfii rss ol ( liimt. The Wiiniifi id entered Hiring 
 Sea, June \}X\\, by way of irinniak I'ass, in thick weather. After reniaininn a few ilays it l)e;;an to eleai ii|i, and 
 (.'a|itain Hansen prepared to leave. A de.id calm ensued, anil he was si^jlited liy the h'iiliniil Nnsli, whieh eanie 
 np and found him with .seals on deck. The W'iiiiii/i nl was lowed to Unalaska, wdiere several ehar^es were filed 
 anainsl her. The O.miu mid ll,illii\ which was in coinmand of Captain Tiittle, the successor of Caiitain C.aiiU, 
 was ciptnred An^nst .^st in (lotzeb harbor, on the north side of Atii Island, by the I'nited States steamer 
 A/oliidiii. Iler ca|)laiii made the plea lliat he had run in for fuel and water, but the entries in his log-book were 
 so eonllietinn that Sir Matthew Megbie, before whom the case was tried at Victoria, declared lier confiscated to the 
 crown. Capl. J. I,. I'erry, her owner, appealed the case to the Snpienie Court of Canada, and the decision was 
 reversed. The schooner l.uiiiii, Cajitain Hansen, was wrecked in iMieiidlv Cove, Nootka Sound, January 2slh. 
 The " I'Myinj; Dutchman," as Hansen was termed, had run in to secure Inilian hunters. While lying there tlio 
 vessel dragged her anchor and became a total loss. 
 
 The continuance of the modus I'iveiidi in i.Sc^,^ forced fully one half of the \'ictoria schooners, including the 
 largest and best of the fleet, to visit tlie waters of Japan, in which a few of the \esscls had been very successful. 
 Among the niiinber were the (.'iiilolla (',. Cov, Capt. W . I). 
 Ii\ers, which secured 2,772 skins ; ./i,'«,,v MiPoiinld, M. I'". 
 CntU'i', -'.7(>(i; /'iiii/,i/>i\ h'tederick Cole,"' J,->i)i ; Cuin-va, 
 William O'I.eary, j.ndri ; Osmt mid llnllic, W. \\. Maker, 
 j.Kj.S ; V,i,i, W. Shields, j.imiv ; Mmy h'.ll.ii, \\ (). Iliiglies, 
 i.';7o; ( tiMi', ()tto liiicholt/, 1,(172; I 'iiihi iihi, C. Campbell, 
 1.S27; /.ildiir. V. Ilackclt, i,(i,u: S,idii- /'iii/^rl, C. I,e 
 Hlaiic. i,,V'2; MmidS., K. IC. McKiel, .,,s,, ; . // />/, \, Abel 
 Douglass." L.vS.j; Mniiund. W. H. Whitelcy, 1.25.S; h'.iilir- 
 f)iisi\ J. W. Todd, 1,^11 ; /'/,-(/, J. W. AndersoTi, 1,171; 
 Mov l!,lli\ C. J. Harris, i,,S52 ; ( i.'v 0/ Smi /)ii-i;o, M. I'ike. 
 i.ii|5 ; '/iiiiisii. Iv Loreii/, .Sj.j ; Aiiiiir ('. Mooir, J. Daley, 
 i.iss: W'li/lii /'. //ii/l. J. li. liidwn, ()vS. The greater 
 portion ot these catches were made upon the Japan coast, 
 but some of the seals were secured on the Unssian side. Tiie 
 /'i ill III fill, Cajit. C. W. Cox, secured 2,\i,h skins, 1,71,? of 
 which were taken on the coast of liritish Columbia and the 
 remainder on the Russian side. The rest of the Heel going 
 to the latter iilace made catches as follows, those secured 
 on the coast being lirst mentioned : Sii/>fi/iii ,-, Ca]it. William 
 Cii\, i,2fi2. i|i; A,'. A'. Mmriii. ls:iac .\. Could,' i.m.}, 
 =,17; .WiiMoll,, II. !■'. Sieward, ,S57, ^27; /hiin Sincnid, 
 U. (). .'.avender, i,|2(i, |,vt : Minnie, \'ictor Jackob.son, .pSi), 
 J.' iseizedi ; Anni, !■'. I'oinl, A. Hissett, 7411, .pii ; Piano. 
 
 A. Nelson, 
 
 2i)| ; I'ohii. \. Magneson, ,S(rf>, 77 ; (),, 
 
 Sl'HDll.Sl.K.'i " W \l.i l.i: 1, 
 
 liillf, T. O'l.earj, i,,^io, S|7 ; -linoko, (1. Heater, i,,ut. I'' 
 
 "■•Ciijil. Wiiliani (), lliinlii's w.is liiini in Nova Srolia in iK|-; 
 .illil lliis lircn iMKii>;iil III the niiirilu- linsiius; lor llliilv M-ais. Ili- 
 loniinriui'il in tin- coasting Inulc onl o! All;intii- ]ioils and alli rw.ml 
 sailed in ilif]i w.-ilcr to .ill jiarts of tin- world, lie i-.inie lo Vii toiia in 
 iSiji Mild lias silii'c lieell eiin.iv;iMl ill the sealing Iraile. Me was inaslia 
 III tlie scliooner I'liinioliti- wlicii slu- was seized liy tile Kiissi,iiis at 
 t'oppcr Islaml ia iSc,>, v'.iptain lliij.;hes and liis erew lieinn lakeii to 
 
 l\'tto]ianlovski and Iroiii there to Vhulivostoek. 'I'lies reni.iitu-i! lor sevflilcen d:i\s on hoard the Uitssijni iii;in ol'-WMr alnl wi-ic 
 then selll to NiiKiisaki. Ia|iall. rrcitll w'lliell |ihi(e they sailed lor \'irloria on the /-'iiiftiiss ol lafitVl. eaiitain lllinhis h,•l.^ niiiitl\ 
 had ehaiKe of the sehooner Maiy I'llm. 
 
 ■Tapt. I'reileriek I'ole was hoin in New roundlalid in iSsi ami loinineliced se.ilini; out oi \'ii-t<aia in iSijo on the l\urh>pi\ 
 wlliill lie took lo the japan < luisl in l.Sijj, hciiin th<' liisl of llie lleel to insane ill si-aling ill those waters, llei eMleli Ih.it vear was 
 l,7.S'i skins, and llie lollowinn year -',;'"■• In lS<;| L'aplaiii l.'oli' h;iil eliaij^e of the ■.ihooiui Pulii Su ..aid. with wliu h In- touk .',i.S.| 
 skills. 
 
 "" .ipl. .'\liel llonnlass was liorii in Miiine in lS|i and eaiiii- to the I'aeilie e'oiisl in iSh.,, seivinj; Pm two ve.iis on the wlialinn 
 ■.rhooiier Kolr. lie then hiiilt the srhooiua I'l :iiiil/>h , whieh he operated in trading, lishinj,', and in ihe ( loverninent serviee in 
 laili-h Colninlpia waters, for Ihiiteeli years. He lu\t seelll<cl a two thirds' interest in the ( luill, iu\i- . with which he e.illliniled (or 
 two seasons, until she w.e. --i./.ed ill the tall ol iSSS, wlii'll he shijiped ;is hlinler 011 the , \iuilr I '. Mroir for two \e,irs. In lS(,i he 
 iiuilt the schooner .t/iiy /// //f-. whieh he ran for one season, and then sent to laiwuher^, Nova Scotia, for the . ti iiit\, ol w liirh he 
 took ehaine upon her arrivul, reiiiaini";.; with her ■^iueeaiid meeting with sueeess. 
 
 " Capl. Isaac A. I'mnM was '-irii in Nov.i ^eotia 111 iS.pi and h.is followed the sea for over tweiily ye.iis He sailed on the 
 .'\tlaiitie Coast ill various cap leitji- iiiitil iSc^i, when he eanie to \'ietoria and eit^a^ed ill sealinj; on the sehooner .Irii'l. He was 
 .iflerward iiiaslc-r of the Kiithfi iiii I in iSih h.id eliar^;e of the /-.' /.'. .)/<;/ . /«, ni.ikiii^ prolilalile eiuises with I mill ol the vessels. 
 

 442 
 
 Lowis cf DryJon's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 St'MOftNllH " Wir.f. \Mtl AtNSUCMtlll' 
 
 (sci/fil) ; k'nllieriiic, \V. I). McDolinall, ,VS2, 3^',^; Olio, M. Kui'fi.', fi,v>, ,VJ7 ; M'iry '/'O'^'"' ''• SliieUls, 741;, 2.\u , 
 
 lirciidit, Colin 1?. I.Dckc,'' H.(5, .(nS ; ll'iilln I., h'iih, S. Halcoiii, l,.^-M, ,^17. 
 
 Tliosc l.•ll^;a^c^.■ll ill Sfaliii^; on llio Itiilisli Coliliiibiii coast alone were : /.ulntulor, Capl. J. J. WMiitcley, 2f);, ; 
 
 l^liiihiil, W. I'utit, \\\\ i'niluif, O. McDonnall, S2 ; W'allfr A. /uir/i\ T. Ma>;iK'Soii, i,f)J2 ; llciilrin, 
 
 I). Macaiilcy, 651; ; l^foiinlaiii i'hif/,]. Nawassniii, 12H ; Kiilf /Ivalf, Snap, K6 ; h'alf, I. l-'ostcr, 293; i'nvoiile. 
 
 I<. Mi'I.ean, i/f'i; /lorin/i.s, (.). Meyer, i,.^i)7 ; 
 
 /('. /'. Miiyu'dicf, (). I'crey, sy'i ; •'^"" /"■*'', K. Iv 
 
 Crowell, J42 ; I'irlon'a, II. V. Unfiles, 4.'i) ; 
 
 A'().s/c ()lscii. A. M. \V'lii(l<len, VS"^ ; ll'<i)it/fii>; 
 
 IT. I'axton, sori ; /'/oniri , J. Mel.eod, i,<>5i'. 
 
 The coinl)iiie(l catch of the \'ictoria Meet, iiichul 
 
 iiiK that of tile Vancouver schooners /itiili iie 
 
 and < '. I'). Rtiiid ami the American .schooners 
 
 ;l/(/; !■ lirowii and Siuilli /Ivinf, which had liead- 
 
 (|iiarlers at Victoria, was •ji\i-nn\ skins, over 
 
 -•I), 1 100 l)cin^i; taken on the Japan coast. The 
 
 \'ictoria vessels carried as crews S06 whites 
 
 and 432 Indians, ahoiil jod less than had been 
 
 eiiti;aKc<l the previous year. None of the Amer- 
 ican lleet made as larne catches as those of the 
 
 Tiiiimfili, .Ix'iis A/i/)(i)iii/il, Ciir/iilld (,, Co.v, 
 
 I 'mhriiia and I'liirloftf. and only one of tile 
 
 schooners, the Allir I. Ali;n\ secure<l over 2,000 skins. This vessel oht.Tined 2,2.'.^, the I luny /h iniis, Captain 
 
 Miner, coming next witli i,7<;,'i: the luhitiid /;". Wibnlcr 1,^)70, the .Uollir T.lhir r.diij, ./. h'.pfiiii^rr 1,541. 
 
 I'.mnut and l.oiiiif 1,522, llciiiiaii i,,^25, W'illurd Aiiisuoilh i,2H2, Mm y II. 'I'/ioinnx i.-'Ci), lunchend I,ii;i5, Mnn 
 
 llroicii 97,5, /,////>■ A. ij5,S, l.ouisr l>. i).[^\, Nallln ,S4.S, Alloii 7H2, Mcsndir 7i,S, Louis. (Usrii 655, //. ('. Uo/i/hz-x 
 
 59S, A'lilr Olid .l/iiio 514, Son l>/ri;o 512, Rosir .Sfiotks .(|,s, I 'iii;o .) ^7, (iio>t;r A', ll'lii'lr 40(1, I'oliniihia ym. 
 
 .Molllmo Tkiiiii T,.\2, V'to. a- r T,ot), .■I<lu7/i:t 2X.n, .Soiilli Uriid iHo, .liioioiido i;i, h'ch ii-,ir 122. I'o/iiiileii 1,^0. A 
 
 few of these vessels fitted out in ,Saii I-'rancisi-o, but the best of them, like the .lllic I. . //i,''/, Ifniiy Ihiiiiis .iiitl 
 
 Willoid .lin.s7('oiili, hailed from Seattle. Capt. Alex Mcl,eaii made an exiierimeiil in iSc);^ with the steanur 
 
 .Uiwdiit/rr, but the cost of operatiiifj; her was so great that the result was un])rofitable. 
 
 One of the handsoinest additions to \'icloria's fleet was the famous smngglei llnUyoii, Imilt at licuicia in 
 
 i,S,S6 fur Harry Tcvis of ,Saii p'raiicisco. ,Slie was seventy-four feet long, twenty-one feel luam, and eight feel 
 
 five inches hold, was filled up in 
 elegant style, and wiieii com|)leted 
 was one of the handsoinest yachts 
 that ever sailed out of tlu- May City. 
 Having no particiihn use for her, 
 Tevis soon sold her, and she event 
 iially fell into the hands of A. W. 
 Whalley ati<l V:. \\. Mcl.ean, who 
 were engaged in smuggling opium 
 on a wholesale plan. Their s|)eedy 
 craft was occasionally seen in a iiuiii 
 Im of harbors along the I'acific 
 Coast, lull her owners were loo can 
 lions to be ca])liircd, and when sin 
 was inleicepUd the ciislom-hon.'-e 
 ofllcers invari.ibly found that they 
 had made a "water haul." When 
 the authorities became too vigilant, 
 the llohyon would fly over to tlu; 
 ')n^iil. On one of tlie.se lri])s she 
 went ashore on the coast of Japan, 
 and over #5(],(iii<) worth, of opium 
 
 wliiih she had on board was seized by that Ooveriinieiit. Whalley, at that time in the height of his powei, 
 
 succeeded ill recovering the c.argo without imicli dillicully, and when the yacht was rei)aired she carried it to 
 
 "Cn|)l. Colin Iv l.iK'lif Hii.s liiirn iti .Nuva .Scolia in i.S^o aiifl c'liniinciui'd his iiiarinf sirviic dii the Alhuilic t'liiisl al tlie np- 
 ol lifteiMi ill I'lo ilcep «at<r atiil roa.stiiiK trade. I'oiii yiars latir lit «as a]ipiiiiiti'il mate ottliu lirii-antiiie Ciimiiii, and at llie i\]!f.- iil 
 t«(Mity-(inu was master ot the schodner (,'iiiiaii llrml \\\ the Wisl India traile, reinainiiiH in lliat tiaflii' lor cinhticn years. H 
 to till' I'acilii- Coast as male of the srhooiUT /.ibttif 
 scliooiirr /Iniiclii. 
 
 m .Syiiiiey, Cape Hreton, and for the past two scisons has ln-en master of the 
 
TT 
 
 A brii'f History of the British Columbia Sunlimj Industry 
 
 443 
 
 Is, 745, J.|(>; 
 
 lik'ley, 26,^ ; 
 ■ ; /'f(il>i(c. 
 3 ; I'livoi ili\ 
 
 •mis, CiiliUiiii 
 liiiiirr 1,511. 
 
 1,035, A/ai\ 
 ('. Wiililluri; 
 olidiihia ,Vi". 
 ten i.v'. A 
 ' />iinih iiiul 
 
 the sk-aiiKT 
 
 it lifiiiciii ill 
 111 ci>;lil liil 
 I'lttcd iiji ill 
 
 11 C()IllI)ll.'tlll 
 
 iiKst yaclit', 
 u li.iy City, 
 ise for lui. 
 
 I slic t-vunl 
 Is of A. W. 
 Ic-I,c:ili, wild 
 j^liiij; opium 
 IMicii spuedy 
 L'li in a iiiitli' 
 
 tlif I'acifir 
 cR' too tan 
 1(1 wln.11 slu 
 uslom-liousi- 
 1 tliat tliuy 
 ml." Wliiii 
 loo xinilaiit. 
 over to tlif 
 .'.sf trip.s ''111 
 St of Japiiii, 
 of opiuiii 
 if Ills powfi, 
 (•allied it to 
 
 lil^t .It tlif n^i- 
 111 ;il Ule :ini' iil 
 IS. lie ciillli- 
 
 II lllastir of llli' 
 
 Iloiioliiln. When she a^jaiii appeared at \'ietoria, her reputation had heroine so had that her owners decided to 
 sell her and found a ready ])ui(liaser in Capt. J. (i. Cox, who secured her for $5,21"), alioiil one fourth ol her cost. 
 .She was ;it oiiee e(piipped for sealing under the new iiainif Viiu, and in (■oinniaiid of Capt. VV'illiani .Shields ' lijis 
 heeli very successful. 
 
 The sclioinier Afrniniid, Capt. W. II. Whiteley," iiiel with an adventure in i.Si;.^ thai has few parallels in 
 marine history. While off the coast of Japan in April she collided with a whale and narrowly escaped destruction. 
 All account of the accident is nivcii in a letter written liy Captain Whiteley to his partner in X'ictoiia, in which 
 he says: "On April iitli we were criiisiiij; ahout two hundred miles off the coast. It w.is lilowinn a ^;ale, 
 so that the vessel w.is le.ichiiiH aloiin under a reefed foresail, staysail and trysail. I was lyiiit; down when I lie.iril 
 the iiiaii on watch siiij; out, ' Who wants a shot at a whale .■" ' Of course no one did, luit I yjot up and went oil 
 deck, and the man at the wheel said. 'There is a whale asleep ahead.' I lonkid and saw a leviathan not 
 fifty feet to the windward. I at once ordered the vessel kept off. and, as she fell nfl, ihe whale, now thorounhly 
 awake, kejit crossing her how. In less than a niinnle he struck ns and we struck him with an awful crash. 'I'hf 
 monster hit the vessel with his tail and liroke two lieams ofT clean. The stem was knocked completely from 
 the |il.inks and fell just like a rudder, hard over. The inniips were at once sounded, lull the vessel was found 
 not to leak. That nij>lit there was the nnliesl sea that I have ever seen, hut still the old stem held. If she had 
 not lieen Imilt as she was, we all would have ^;one to the holloin. We started hack for Yokohama. April i.Uh, 
 arriving four days later, and are now 
 repairing damages." 
 
 Till' . tiimko w;is sei/ed six- 
 teen miles southwest of Copper 
 Isl.ind hy the knssian man of-war 
 )'(ikoiil. The vessel w.'is in coiii- 
 iiiaiid of Ca|it. ('icorj;e Healer. ' and 
 for live days prior to her seizure had 
 lieeii uiialile to secure an oliserva- 
 lidii. Ill niiininK on dead reckoning 
 a stroll}.; cnrieiil had set the \'essel 
 in toward Copper Island. When the 
 fo;; lifted. C.iplaiii Heater realized 
 his position, made all s.iil and 
 slarted away from the piohiliiled 
 lirritiiry. .\ li).;ht wind and heavy 
 se.i prevented his escape, and on the 
 eveiiint; of the twenty I'lrst lie was 
 overhauled liy the )'<i/:<>iil, which 
 seized his papers and ordered the 
 vessel to reiiorl to the Itritish consul 
 at \'okoliaiiia IK' proceeded to 
 ohev, liiit the llfteeii Indians on 
 hoard refused to snlimit, and, as there were but four whiles. Captain He.iter was ohlined to reUirii to \icloria. 
 He landed the Indi.ins at Hisi|iiiot and then proceeded to \ictoria. where the ca.se was heard hefore Justice 
 Cre.'ise, who rendered a ilecisiiiii in favor of the schooiur, ;iiid she was accordingly cleared. The A/tiin/ .S. , 
 Captain McKiel, was ordered to Japan, and, like the .liiiokd, when the case was thoroUKhlv iiive-tinaled, was 
 released. .S 1,. Kelly it Co. of \'ictoria launched the strain schooner W'orlixk. .\pril 27th. .and sent her on a 
 selling expedition in cliar>;e of Capt.iin Kiildleliejelke. .She was seventy-one feet loiiK. lourtceii feci In am. and 
 eij^lil I'eel hold, willi very liuhl liower from a twelve liy twenty-four inch engine. 
 
 Kiiles foi the pivernment of the sealing llei'l ill i.Sol were set forth in .May, the inslrnctinns from Imlh 
 lirilish and .Anuiicaii authorities being siilistanlially the same. They were as follows : 
 
 "C.'ipl. \V'i]liiiiii Shields \\;is Imiii in t alilimn:! in iSh^ ami i-niiniu'iicci) scaling iiiil of X'ictciia mi the /\illiliiiifi 1 atiniil iiim- 
 \ cars a;;'!, serving; liisl as .i hunter, lie reniaineil with tlu- f'afh/illfit't twii seasmis, was fnr a similar pcriinl on llle I'trtr, wciil troiii 
 her 1(1 Ur* '/'tiifn//*//, anil then s|k'iiI three years on llu- /•,'. //. J/iitr/ri. I'aiitaiii Shivhls iiia^le a pracliral slinly of iia\'i};ali(iii ami 
 sramaiishi]) while cinplnvt-il as a hniilcr, ami on Icavinj^ the .Wiitrifi was ^^ivcn (-oinniaini of the t'l'ni, one of the liiicst srlnioiicis in 
 I he lleet. 
 
 ■'(.'.apt. W. 11. W'llitclcy was liol n in I.ahl.'idor in iSiii ami lias roUo\veii ihr sea si me' hovhoinl. Me canic to Ihc I '.-11 i lit ■ t'oasl 
 a hunt ten years a^h :iih1 soon a fit- 1 ward cominciui-'i srahn^ with tlle old si liooner /.<l/n ilt/<u . now owned hy Indian scalers. Captain 
 Whitidey relnaieed with this vessid lor a eon side rahic Icnj^lh of time, lea\ iii^ hci 10 In inj^ tlic srhooiici .lA; ///.//(/ to the I'acilir Coast, 
 his hrother, (.'apt. |. J. Whitidey, taliinj; his j.laic mi the /.(i/'(,;r/<i/ . I Ir deinmisli ated his ahility as ami\ij;alcir hy hriiininn the 
 .lA/ ;//<//(/ mil in ii.)da\s, ami siiici hi-r arrival h.is ri-inaim-d in roniin.-ind He has operated mnslly on ihc |apan coast, meeting 
 with success, the ranions coilisimi of the Alt' nil iihf with a whale heill^; the only accident the vcssid has met with. 
 
 '■e'apt. Ceorj^e Heater coinmenced scaling; out of X'ictoiia ahmil six years a^o on the schooner /\'ii\ti' iVsrn. lie had 
 previously liad coiisiilcrahle ex]ierience in seaniaiiship on deep water vessels in various pails of the world and was a skillful 
 navigator Aflcr leaviiiK llie <}/st-u lie was eii^-a^^eil on .several of the \'ictoiia senliii}^ schooners, and in i.'-i)^ had cmnmaiid of Ihe 
 . hft'ii-'' when she was sei/ed. As iiotliiii}> emild he jiroven against tin- vessel she was .lecrndingly leleased, and Caplain Ileiiter then 
 resiillled comillaml. 
 
 STKAM SKAI KK ' .A I.K X ,\ N l>l. I* ' 
 
 !| 
 
I (iwls (f Drydtm's M.iriiK Hixtory of the Pncillc Niirthwi:fit 
 
 " A HTur.i': I , MiIdr' llu- issiumci' cil a spt'cial lici'iiM-, llic niustfr iif any sailiiin vi-ssil |)r(i|i()siiij; lo iii>;ii^;i 
 ill I'll r seal li'liiiin sliall inoiliuc satislacloi y rviiUinc lo llu' cdlkctor iil custoiiis that tlic Imiitcis iiii|i|iiyicl 
 liy liiin arc i()iii|)iliiit t(i ii-^i' tlic wi'a]ioii.s allllinrizfil tiy law. 
 
 " Ain'ici.K J. l''iiL-ariiis, nets or cxplosivcN sliall not lie used for taking or killiiin liir sials in that ]Hirliiiii 
 of HeriiiH Sea (lesrrilieil in the aet approveil April (\ i.Sij). 
 
 " Aktk'i.i-; ,v Ally vessel having license lo liiiiil fur seals in the North I'acillc and Iteriii;^ Sea, east ol 
 iHci" loiiyjitiide, shall, lielore entering Hiriii)^ Sea or at Unalaska, ie|)ort to a ciistimis oIVhci of tlie Uiiiteij 
 Slates or an ollicer ol the I 'iiiled States .N'avv and have all arms and aiiiiiltiiiition on hoanl seemed under seal, ainl 
 such seal shall not he hroken diirinn llie tiiiie fur .scaling; is prohibiteil. In order to protect vessels williin 
 the area of the award hetweeii April i, (111 and August isl, lint which have not violated the law, Ironi iiii|iropii 
 sei/.tire or detention, the master thereof may, liy applyiiij; to the comniaiider of any cnilser or to a ciisloiiis 
 oflicer, and ilcclaiiiiK that she intends to proceed to a home port, have her sealing outfit secured tinder se.il, and 
 the. ollicer placing this se.il shall enter the date of the same upon her Ion hook, with the niiinlier of seal skin-, 
 and bodies of seals then oil hoard, and said seal shall not he hroken dining the time fur sealiii}; is prohihited, 
 except at the home jiort. 
 
 " Al<rii.l.h; 4. Vessels now in [apaiiese waters or on the Siberian coast west of i.Ho longitude, wishiiin to 
 return to a home port, liia\ inter the port of Atloua and there have their sealing outfits secured under seal 
 and the fact entered on their lo^ hooks. Such seals shall not he hroken exccjit at her home poit, and such 
 seal and entry shall constitute a suiri<ieiil protection against sei/ure while within the area of the award on 
 
 their direct passage to such port. In case 
 a .sealing vessel, as described above, shall, 
 before leaving a Japanese port, ileclare hci 
 intention of relurning to a jiort of the 
 United States, the I'nited .Slates consular 
 ollicer of the port may, upon application of 
 her master, secure her sealing outfit .is 
 described above. Any vessel as describid 
 above may obtain special license lo limit 
 fur seals in Heriiig .Se;i upon application In 
 the I'niled Stales consular oHicer of any poll 
 ill Japan, or from the customs at Atloua, 
 after furnishing the evidence reipiiied in 
 Article 1 . 
 
 " Aktici.i; 5. Any vessel in a foreign 
 or home jiort wishing lo engage in fur .sealing 
 in Heriiig ,Sea shall obtain a special license 
 from a ciisloiiis ollicer of the I'niled States if 
 in a home port, and from a consular ollicer if 
 ill a foreign port. Before sailing the .sealing 
 outfit of such vessel may be secured under 
 seal upon application as hereinbcfiiie provided, and the fact noted on her license. .Such .seal shall not be broken 
 during the lime fur-seal fishing is jiroliibited. 
 
 " Ak'I'H'm (>. Vessels now at sea in the ])ursiiit of fur seals, and found not to have violated the law in 
 reference to the taking of fur seals, and who have not cleared from any port on or after May 1, 1894, will not be 
 .seized solely on account of not having a special license or distinctive Hag. 
 
 " Aktici.Iv 7. Ivvery vessel employed in fur seal fishing, as above described, shall have, in a<ldilion lo Ihe 
 [lapers now re(Hiired by law, a sjiecial license for fnr-scal fishing. 
 
 " AkTici.I'; H. Ivvery sealing vessel proviiled with sjiccial license shall show under her national colois a 
 Hag not less that four feet .sipiare, compo.sed of Iwo ecpial pieces, yellow and black, joiiicd from tlu' right-hanil 
 upiier corner of the fly lo the left-hand upper-corner luff, the part above and lo the left lo be black, anil the part 
 to the right and below lo be yellow. 
 
 " AkTici.K ij. The authority hereinbefore granted to I'liiled Stales lonsular ofliceis, cusloms ollicers and 
 olllcers of the I'liiled Stales Xavy, may be exercised by like ollicers in llu; service of Ih^ Cioveriimenl ol 
 Great lirilain, except in ])orts of the I'niled States. 
 
 " NoTicic. The ofTicers herein authorized lo carry lait the provisions of the act approved April 6, i,S(y4, 
 will observe that the objects of the foregoing articles are lo picvent from minecessaiy seizure and loss of 
 sea'ing vessels already at sea in ignorance of the jirovisioiis of the act, or unable to strictly comply with its 
 reipiiremeiils. .Should cases occur which are not here definitely provided foi , they must be dealt with by the 
 olficers with the above-nienlioiied objects in view and as nearly in .icconlaiice with the law and regulations as 
 Iiossible. These regulations are intended lo aiiply only lo llie closed seas of lHy4 and are not lo be legardeil 
 :•: ; a complete execution of the authority conferred on the ICxeciitive by the Act of Congress." 
 
 MtK " M \l'l) S." 
 
 fei 
 
T!*" 
 
 A Brkf History nf thu Hrih'nli Coliimhin !ii':)lin(/ Imliiatry 
 
 445 
 
 As till' law WiiH viry |)lniiily set loitli, lliu sualors ili|)ailfil for llic scisoii's triiisc with iiiiiii' ol llit 
 iiin'crlaiiilU's ivKanliiiK llnii li^lils wlmh liail InmhliMl tlicni in privimis yrais, Iml mirortiiiiatclv llic prire of 
 skins was so low in iHi;( lliat li'w ol lliuni niaik' an\ money. Tilt.' nanios ol llic vcssoK ami miMi iiina^;c(l in tin.' 
 work is licri-witli Kivi-'ii, loHctlier with the i-atcli lor tlif season, the f;oin|pilalion liein^ made Ironi records in the 
 shippinj; master's oflice an<l fr(nn the ofluial reports: Oyoir ami l/nllii . 'I'liomas Ivirl, owner ; Thomas Manneson. 
 master; John Johnson, mate; I. II. Pamphlet, A. II. Jones, IC. Uamlose, John Coltsfcjid, I'iIim Ilaake, JanitS 
 Shields, hunters; Japan 1,7,VV Copper Island ly'i; total i.ijix;. .Iiiiiir /;'. I'liiiil : Iv II. Marvin, r>wner ; A. R. 
 Ilissett, master; A.J. Taylor, mate; VV. K. Cardid', Charles Newman. Kohert W-r^e, C.eorne I.onlield, William 
 (iri^K, Diiniel Howe, (Jlto Koppacheii, hmiters ; Jap.m l,.(i;7. I'opper Island s.V ; total 2,ojH. I'ilcii : Thomas 
 Marl, owner; Miihael Keel'e, master; John Iv Noel, mate; Tom Dasey, seconil mate; Indian ercw ; Japan ()ll, 
 Herin^ Sea 'i pi ; total f,.S57. Rosir Chtii ; Mnnroe, owner; A. li. 
 Whidden, master; C .Mcl.e.m, mate; Indian erew ; Japan i,i'i.V lierinn 
 Sea ■S'^ri; total i,H(iv. (inin'a: William O'l.eaiy, master ; J. Siteman, 
 mate; C. Keel, Daniel Ualew, John I lemieherry. A. St. Claire, Thomas 
 Donnherty, II. Oshorne, T. Mdwards, hnnters ; Japan i,c«j2. Copper 
 Island s.S^ '■ '"'''1 ' /'.S". Ih'aiin : (i. Collinw, owner ; A. Nelson,"' master ; 
 ll.ins lilaekisted, mate; J. M. Uyan, W. Nishet, (1. MahhinHton, U. S 
 Kantrell, John liei^en, hnnters : Japan i ,c/il. Copper Islaml |.Vi ; total 
 j,,V)l- .S (//>/>// //(■,• J. Ci. Cox, owner; William Cox,' master; Knpert 
 Cox. mate; Indian crew; Japan ,s,vs, HeriiiH Sc;i 2,r()s; total 2.i<.\'<. 
 ('iiuo : Oeor^e Collins, owner; Otto linclioltz, master; W. .Mnnnjc, 
 male; Iv C. Stratford, second mate; John Christian, William Ivlwanls, 
 K. J. Herlram, X. W. Conret/, W. lieckman, hnnters; Jajpan i.iyj'i. 
 I'rrn : Iv It. Marvin, owner; W. Shields, master; h'rank Merliner, 
 mate; .\I. .McKen/ie, second m;ite ; 1'. Jeffries, James Aronom, James 
 I,oesen, VV. Knox, hnnters; Japan r.073, lierin>; Sea l<j,s ; total 1 J7i>, 
 /;'. II. .Uoniii ; C. Marvin, owner; C. J. Harris," master; J. lines .\iken, mate 
 Oondie, W. (iondie, Thomas Sliimisn, hnnters; Jap.'in j.iiS, //', /'. Hall: J, 
 Heater, mate; l-'nink I'ratt, John C. .McDon.dd, J.'imes H.ilch. (). lintt. Joi... 
 A. lintt, hnnters; Japan -m. I .ibbie : Charles Hackett, owner; I'Ved Ilackett, master; W. I). .\Icl)onnall, 
 mate; James Kiiddeidiam, second mate; M. Thompson, Thomas Hrown, II. lirowii, John Townsen<l, Hardey 
 Mnrray, Fred White, lienjamin Oallop, ,\I. Collinson, hnnters; Japan r,(iiip, Copi>er Island jno; total 1,210. 
 /Iiuralis ; deorj^e Meyer, master; A. Waslier;^, male; C. II. Olseii, C. Nonl, liiniters; Indian crew; Japan ,50;!, 
 lieriiiK Sea 1 , 1 pj ; total i,4.S2. k'nlheniw : \. (lonld anil C. Warren, owners; .\. (lonld, master, A. .Slerlinj;, 
 male; Indian crew; Japan 2'i(>, MeriiiK Sea 1 ,"Si; ; total i.,;.'.S. M.invll : .Sieward vSt Street, owners; 
 H. 1'". Sieward, master; V.. I.oren/. mate; N. Mull, hunter; Indian crew; Japan s.s^', Heiin^ Sea 51s; total imv 
 Aritii-s : Abel DoUKlass, master and owner; John Ivvans, male; A. I,. O'Brien, Alex Me;irns, William T'ole)', 
 CicorKe DonKlass, Alfred Donglass, A. .Mathison, hnnters; Japan I.iiy7, lierin^ Sea i;i ; total i,2.S,H. I'morilt- : 
 I,ant;hlin Mcl.ean, master; Owen Thomas, mate; N. I*. Nelson, second mate; Indi.in crew; Japan (mf), Herinj; 
 Sea 1,240; total i,.S.(6. Sinlic '/'urpii; I). Cami)l)ell, niananiiiK owner; Charles I,e Hl.inc, master; (). M. 
 l.nndherK, niate ; Martin Ilaninn, Charles I'ike. Henry Pike, Colin .McI)onnal. hnnters; Japan 1,7X3, Copper 
 Island 171; total i.osl. Sun Josr . Michael h'oley, master; Oeorj^e Dnmphy, male: Thomas 1 )ony;liertv, 
 hunter: Indian crew; Japan 20, Bering Sea >;p): total .SOo. .hii//r ('. .Udoir : Charles llackclt, master and 
 owner ; Thomas Uudderham, mate : S. Olsen, .second male ; I). Ilerj^ety, hnnter ; J;ipan ,V"J, Herin).; Sea i.'i\7 : 
 total 2,2,sf>. I.ouis,! . C. I). I.adil. owner; John Muckler. master; Jidin W.ilsli, m:ite : Joseph Williams, Jesse 
 Williams, P. Ilannnil, P. Peterson, Fred Talhot, Harry I,nnd, hnnters. Pciiclopi : Fstale o( I). I'npihart, 
 owner; I.nke Mctirath, ' master: Thomas .Stewart, mate; h'rancis Curran, Charles Iv B;irrel, Patrick p'ahev. 
 
 SIAI.s I.N ItlHI.M, 
 
 .\I itthew M<'(".rath, Ivlwaid 
 B. Brown, m:ister ; William 
 A. Aitchie, Charles Keel, 
 
 M 
 
 f . 
 
 ) ' 
 I' 1 
 
 ^■'Ciipl. A. Ni-lsdii was lioni in Swcdfii in iSs.S miuI lias In-cii ciumiccIciI \\\\\\ ihc niarint* biisiiii'ss Coi Iwi-iitv tlnir vcirs, Ifi- 
 s.iiU-il ill various pails ol llii- woi lil uiilil lSS\, wlifii In- caiin' lo iln- iNnilic Coast ami coitinu-nct'ii riitiiiitiL; iioilli Iniiii San |-'t;nifisi <». 
 Sliortlv altcTwanl lii* hf^ati sailinj.^ out of Vntoiia on simHuj; sihorjm-is, and has incnlly hiTii ccKiiuili-cl with the l>iantt. 
 
 '■ Capl. William Cox wrv- li-rn in Nova Scotia in 1S55 atnl lias lu't'ii (.'n^a^^ril in llie inaiine Imsiness lor nt'arly twi'iity yrars. 
 Mr coniinL'nci'tl sealing' in lie Nmlliwst on thu srhoont-r .Si//'/'///r/', which Ik* hassailt'ti (or several years, always nicclinj^' with 
 sui'cc'ss and I'oniinj^ into port \ t. the clo.si of each season with a calcli ahiivc the a\cra^c. 
 
 '' Capt. Charles j. I larr ■( >vas Ik* i mi Kastjirnt, Me . in iS'^>7, an'I coninieiH cd .uoinj^ to sea in jSSi . 1 1(* wis one o| tlie crew 
 of the t'Aishru ('lifif>it wreckt 1 mi Islni 'I Marlior in iSSa, and a year later was on Hie sehcpoiier 'fn^il, wn-cked at Whitehead. In 
 1.SS6 he came roniid the Morn in the si lioniier .S(//>/'///;v', on arrivin).,' at Victoria rem lined aslutre tor a couple ol \ears. and llieii 
 started sealing w ith the Siip/>/utt\ maki i>< a latch ol" 2,2S0 The lollowinj^ vcar lu- was not so successful, hut in iSt^-', while sealiiij^ 
 r)n the coast alone with the Afarv Taylor, his catch w.is 9.1 i. The following; year he took the Mux lulle to llir [ajian loast. retnriiini^ 
 wilh i,Hs2 skins, and in iHt^j look the /'.'. A*. Miu viii to I he same ;.; rounds, sccnrinj.; 2, 1 |H skins. 
 
 "I'apl. I.nke Mc(iralh was horn in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in iS^)[, Jiiid when a l.o\ of lirieeii < funuiem td -^ailiii^- out of 
 I doucesler (tn the sihooiier fxiriir. He followed the water on the Atlantic (, Oast until jS^n, when he c.nnc to Vi< tot ja, and hein^ .1 
 piactical navij^^ator had no dillicully in securing crnnniand ol sealiiij; st hooners. He handled sever. il of the hest known \cssels in 
 the Vi( toria llei-t, and in iSi^j had coniniani! '■! ihe schooner h'loytth,- M. Smith. The Smith was iale in arriving from Nova Scotia 
 
 id made hut a small c.itch in iHt^.j. hut she si.trted ont in charge (d' Cajttain McC.rath early in iSy5. carrying; a ere 
 ad Ihirty-six Iniliaiis, and will no donht return with a i^ood catch. 
 
 w ol nine w 
 
 hile 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 1.25 
 
 l^|28 |2.5 
 
 in 1.8 
 
 U il.6 
 
 I 
 
 & 
 
 % 
 
 /a 
 
 /a 
 
 %y 
 
 
 /^ 
 
 '^ 
 
 7 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Cbrporation 
 
 V 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 SJ 
 
 <^ 
 
 *• 
 
 *> 
 * 
 
 
 c> 
 
 23 WeSi :f MN STRffT 
 
 WMSTER.N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716)S72-4503 
 
 

 i 
 
 6^ 
 
 
446 
 
 Lewis <J Drydens Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Daniel Horby, Thomas Galey, hunters; Japan 1.306, Copper Island 296; total 1,602. Saucy Lass; Robert 
 Crowell, master; Daniel Martin, mate; Indian crew; Japan 170, Hering Sea 668; total 83H. Viva: William 
 Mnnsie. owner; J. W. Anderson, master; Stradford, first mate; Robert Cordick, second mate; John Pike, John 
 Cohen, G. Heffernian, James Loners, James Carey, Dingle, hunters; Japan 1,437. /•'<"" Sifward ; D. Sieward, 
 owner; K. Cole, master; Samuel Pike, mate; Samuel Verge, H. Jacobscn, George Johnson, George Bromley, 
 Mark P.urton, George Pedler, John Ilroniley, hunters; Jai)an 2,384. .-Iiirora,- Thomas Harold, owner and 
 master; Harry I.unn, mate; P. Carlton, D. Marling, M. McArvin, Dave, hunters; Japan 693, Copper Island 21, 
 Hering Sea 217; total 1)31. Pioneer: W. Iv. Paker and A. J. Bechtel, owners; W. E. Baker, master; Daniel 
 Butler, Ben Stone, mates; John Mathews, William Downing, Thomas Mathews, William Anderson, William 
 Greigg, Sherman White, hunters; Japan 418, Copper Island 1,263; total 1,681. Mary Taylor: A.J. Bechtel, 
 owner: \\. P. Robbins. master; Charles H. Nicholson. John McCormack, mates; Alva Brown, Sanuiel Howman, 
 N. Allen. H. Robb, hunters; Japan 874, Copper Island 250; total 1,124. Ihalriir : Captain Grant, owner: 
 1) G. McCauley. master; C. McLean, mate; Indian crew; Japan 1,703. Walter I.. Rich: (ieorge Munroe, 
 owner; Scott Balconi, master; Richard W. Cardiff, mate; Samuel Hornian, Ivlward Davis, George Scott, 
 William Anderson, L. Carlson, J. L. Toiirey, John i). De lories, hunters; Japan 691. Bering Sea 1.749; total 
 2,440. Ainoko : Capt. W. Grant, owner : George Heater, master: Josiah Gosse. mate; Indian crew ; Jajian 467, 
 Bering Sea 1,657; total 2,124. Shelby: John W. Searle. owner; Frederick Jones, master; Daniel McRea, mate; 
 Indian crew ; Japan 34, Bering Sea 377 ; total 41 1. Waller A. liarle .■ Thomas ICarle, owner : Louis Magneson, 
 master; C. Clausen, mate; Indian crew; Japan 1,471, Bering Sea 672 ; total 2,143. Iheiida : J. M. Leppcott. 
 owner; Colin IC. Locke, master; John Collier, mate; Robert Fudge, Abraham Ballard, L. N. John.son, John 
 Snow, Robert Spencer, George Dishaw. Fred Somerton, hunters; Japan 2,383. Copper Island 343; total 2,726. 
 
 *L 
 
 W^?" '"r"sTw'-''*i3o« 
 
 i 
 
 *^<NS2--"' 
 
 II 
 
 i 
 
 Victoria Skali.n<. I-i.kkt in Winpkk ijiakthrs 
 
 .SVif /.ion : Ci^iirge Collins, owner; Andrew Nelson, master; August Reppa, mate; S. Lund, cook: Iv Dranoiid. 
 .\. W. Acland. H. Beckley, Alex Dingnell. .S. Martin, Inmlers. Mary l-Ulen : W. O. Jacobson, owner: 
 H. \'. .'luglies. master; Nels Moor, mate; A. Gerow, James Cessford, C. O. Burns. George Wells, C. W. 
 Cessford, John MahalTey, hunters ; Japan 1,905, Copper Island 86, Bering Sea 457 : total 2.452. Minnie : \'ictor 
 lacobson. master and owner; Japan 4S8. Bering Sea 1.665; total 2,153. Wntiire : I), rniuliart. owner; Julius 
 Morehouse, master: A. Peterson, mate ; Indian crew: Bering Sea 91)9. /■". I/. Smilli : Capt. C. J. Kelly, owner: 
 John Allen, master: John Cari)enter. mate; Robert Campbell, second mate; Charles Kline. John Soper. John 
 I'ynn. William Ilennerbery. George Naugh. David Tail, Charles Pike, hunters; Jajian 96, Copper Island 81 : 
 total 177 Mermaid ; Whiteley and Stevenson, owners : W. H. Whiteley. master ; George House, mate : Stephen 
 .Martin. j.W. .\ekerman, James Bishoj). Richard Cain. Charles Copeland. Hiram Robertson, hunters; Japan 
 I 6115. Copper Island 503: total 2.106. '/'Iieresa : P. Babbington. owner; P'red Gilbert, master: Thomas Desmond, 
 mate ; Richard Gilbert, John Gilbert, Joseph Gilbert, Isaac Bowser, David Byres, Stepheti Baker, Daniel Rogers, 
 hunters: Japan 1,102. Copper Island i2ci; total i,2J2. Labrador: Whiteley and Stevenson, owners; J. J. 
 Whiteley,'" master ; Henry Parsons, mate: Indian crew ; Japan 308, Bering ,Sea 560 ; total 868. /('. /'. Sayivaid : 
 Sunderland and I'niuhart, owners; G. R. Ferey, master; M. Ilallgren, mate; Henry .duniason, C. Dahlberg, 
 1'". H. Warrington. Frank Braman, Oliver Jackson, H. Mountain, hunters; Japan 6u6, Copper Island 35; t;)tal 
 641. A^nes MiPonald ; John Collister and M. I'. Cutler, owners: M. F. Cutler, master; Patrick Martin, mate: 
 Charles Williams ilosti, L. W. .Morrow, John Amlerson, Thomas Cummings, Ivdward I'ursen, Isaac (). (Juinn, 
 
 '"Capt. J. J. Wliiteluv, n yominer tirotlier of Ciqit. \V. II. W'liilclfv of llic Mennaul, w.is liorii in Uiielicc in iSh;. Wliik- 
 vounH. 1"^ l'"s I'ail coiisiilcrahli' expuneiicc on tlif «ali'r, loiiiiiieiuiii;,' al llii' am' of sislt't'ii on lisliiiin Mlioonurs on lliu Ninvfoiitiillainl 
 banks. He came lo N'ioloria in iSSg, was first cfHinecttMl willi Uii- I'ftetesa, ami .'ifterwanl joiiifil tlit' si'Iiooner l.uhiatloi , in wliit-li 
 liis lirotluT liail an interist. lli; look oonmiaiiil of this silioonur when Capt, W. II. Wliittlt'y liroii^lit ont llic Mrmiaid. 
 
A BrifiF History of the British Cohimbia Sealinij Industry 
 
 Liiss : Robert 
 'I'vti : William 
 Im Pike, John 
 ; D. Steward, 
 )rge Bromley, 
 (1, owner ami 
 ijier Island 21, 
 laster; Daniel 
 ;rson, William 
 A. J. Heclitel, 
 iiuel Hownian, 
 Srant, owner ; 
 eorge M nil roc, 
 George Scott, 
 
 ;a 1,749; *"''>' 
 w ; Japan 467, 
 McRea, male ; 
 mis Magneson, 
 . M. I.eppcott, 
 Johnson, John 
 T, ; total 2,726. 
 
 ;»i'i!r~-'^^' 
 
 -v-^Bfe 
 
 Iv nranoiul, 
 ■obson, owner ; 
 Wells, C. \V. 
 Minnie: Victor 
 owner ; Jnlins 
 Kelly, owner; 
 hn Soper, John 
 )per Island Hi . 
 mate : Slephen 
 hnnters ; Japan 
 lonias Desmond. 
 Daniel Rogers, 
 owners ; J.J. 
 ir. /'. Saymiid: 
 m. C. D-ihlberg, 
 and .',5 ; t;>tal 
 k Martin, mate ; 
 Isaac O. Oniini, 
 
 lec ill 1S67. Wliik- 
 llie Ni'wrouiiilliiiiil 
 f.ii/ii,ii/i<i, in wliii-li 
 'ruHttiii. 
 
 WlJ.l. KNiiWN MASn-.RS IN Till'. Nt IH 1 M U KS I KM N SKAI.INU I'I.KKT 
 
 ii 
 
"-p^s?^? 
 
 mm 
 
 448 
 
 Lewis (f Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Ernest Miner, hunters; Japan 1.707, Copper Island 471 ; total a, 178. Ocean lielk : Thomas O'Leary, master: 
 
 A. N. Seaton," mate ; John Olossen, second mate ; E. Glanson, K. Jackson. A. Dallery (lost), H. Balcom, lulgni 
 Smiley (died on board), William Hennerbery, hunters ; Japan 530, Copj)er Island 274 ; total 804. / 'mbriiui . 
 G. M. Peppett, owner; Charles Campbell, master; E. H. McNeill, Robert Purser, Darius Berry, Thomas Garner, 
 hunters ; Japan 2,588, Copper Island 153, Bering Sea 60 ; total 2,801. Triumph ; C. A. Marvin, owner ; Clarence 
 Co.., master ; Edward McDonald, mate ; Indian hunters ; British Columbia 1,320, Bering Sea 3,240 ; total 4,560 : 
 largest catch on record. Wanderer; Henry Paxton," master ; H. R. C. Smith," mate; Indian hunters; Japan 
 400. May Utile; William Munsie, owner; E. C. Shields," master; John Murdock, mate; R. Conn, Arthur 
 Griffin, Joseph Morrell, A. Hourier, hunters: Japan 925, Copper Island 907 ; total : £-«2. Otic; William Munsie, 
 owner ; John Mcl.eod, master ; Duncan Webber, mate ; J. Mathews, J. Byei.., A. Hutt, C. H. White, 
 S. Colloison, E. Payne, Jacob Rogers, Edward Bennett, Alex Miit, Samuel Collinson, hunters; Japan 1,014. 
 Copper Island 623; total i,<)37. City of San Diego; Mark Pike, master; George Roberts, Henry Crocker. 
 Walter Shaw, John J. Kent, hunters; Japan 1,304, Copper Island 250; total 1,554. South liend ; C. F. Dillon, 
 ma.ster; M. Thompson, mate; Indian crew. Enterprise: Oscar Scarf, master; Alfred McDougall, mate; Charles 
 Francis, George Derby, Daniel Lewis, Neil Morrison, J. Iv. Rivers, S. D. Lswis, hunters; Japan 1,254, Copper 
 Island 314; total 1,568. C. D. Rand; Olof Westerland, master; Charles Bowman, Robert Bullock, J. G. 
 Searle, William Tyson, David Jones, Frank Kelly, C. F. Lundy, hunters ; Japan 357. l.ouis Olsen ; R. F. 
 Guilliams,'' master ; F. I.upp. mate; O. A. Copeland, N. I.. Guilliams, F. Lewis, Y. C. Davis, W. L Ivmery, 
 J. Knapp, hunters; Japan 435, Bering Sea 84; total 519. Maud S.; Elford & Smith, Brown Brothers and 
 Captain McKiel, owners ; R. E. McKiel, master ; I'eter Soussiant, mate ; James Harrison, second mate ; Charles 
 
 B. Speer, William Moore, James McRae, John Bi.shop, Jacob Morgan, Max I^ Clair, hunters; Japan 1,34.^ 
 Copper Island 86 ; total 1.429. 
 
 Other schooners not mentioned in the foregoing list were the Carlotta G. Cox, Capt. W. D. Byers,'" with 
 1,947 from Japan ; k'ate. Japan 79, Bering Sea 867, total 946 ; Hem ietta, Japan 315, Bering Sea 767, total i.oSj ; 
 Kilmeny. Bering Sea 634 : Mountain Chief, Japan 175 ; and Fisher Maid, Japan 92. The remarkable catch of tlie 
 Triumph in Bering Sea was made in a little over a month's hunting, the ' :hooner carrying eight whites and 
 thirty-six Indians and working seventeen canoes. In accordance with the terms of the international agreement, 
 the masters of schooners operating in Bering vSea were required to enter in their log-books the latitude and 
 longitude where the operations of any day on which .seals were taken were carried on. A record was also kept of 
 the number of males and females secured, the result showing that a much larger proportion of the former were 
 killed than had been generally claimed by those interested in the protection of the fur l)earers, the total catch of 
 the Victoria fleet in Bering Sea showing 11,705 males and 14.636 females. Collector Milne of X'ictoria, in his 
 official report, states that the Bering Sea catch was madt outside the sixty-mile protected zone, in latitudes 55^^, 
 56° and 58°, and longitude from 171° to 175°, hunting teing carried on from the first of August to the middle of 
 September. On the Japan coast sealing liegan in about latitude 36° and continued north, the fleet snflering none 
 of the interruptions recently experienced by those operating in territory adjacent to Russian waters. All the 
 vessels kept well outside the thirty-mile zone and worked mainly southeast of Copper Island. The fleet on the 
 
 " Capt. Alex N. Seaton wns l>orii ill Scotlaiul ill iS6i and ronimeiiced sailiuK out of European ports when thirteen years i>r 
 a){e, reniaiiiiiiK in the deep-water service until lie reaclie<l the position of iiiatiter. He came to Victoria several years hkc was first 
 envaKed on the schooner (,'eneva, ami has since served as mate anil master on several well known schooners sailing; out of British 
 Columbia's western tuetropolis. 
 
 '■'Ci )t. Henry I'axtoii is a native of KiiKland and has had over twenty years' experience on the sea. He first arrived in 
 Victoria in 1,477 and is one of the oM school of sealiu); captains, his first en>;aKement in this line of marine business having; been on 
 the old schooner /;«»«//<». He has had command of the Wiinderi'r for a considerable leiiKth of time, and, with the exception of liir 
 uiiwarraiiteil seizure in 1S94, the vessel has ma<le a Kood record while in his charge. 
 
 "Capt. H. R. C. Smith was born in Itrcslau, Prussia, in 1SS7. He came to this country shortly afterwaril anil bewail bis 
 marine career in 1876 on the I'raser Kiver as deckhand on the steamer (Heiiora. He was also on the steamers Hi'liaiicr ami A'lyu/ 
 City, and continued steamboatiii); until 1S79, when he went on l)oaril the old sealiiiK schooner tilatl: t)iaifit>Hi/ for two years. In 
 iH,S[ and 1S81 he was in charge of Capt. J. I). Warren's sealing station, and in •Hiijt, commanded the schooner Aniiir llitk. Wliiii 
 the steamship Sardonyx enle.eit the China trade in i.S,S4. he ship))eil as i|uarterni.-isttr. and on leavins her was in the mercanlili 
 business for three years, lii |S,S7 he went out as master of the 'Iriinnpli, the smallest sealer that ever left Victoria for IleriiiK Sea 
 In iS.SS he had charRe of the iUatk IHamonJ, in iSSy was mate on the Ariil, and in 1S911 aj/aiii master of the Itlatk Diainoml uuiltr 
 her new name, h'ullierinr. In iSyi he commanded the I'ltitnn', in 1S92 the Mahel, in iSy^was h hunter on the T/iiiesa, ami in 
 1S94 mate of the ll'andiiii. 
 
 "Capt. K. C. Shields was born in California in 1861 and has had an exjierieuce of fifteen years in the marine business. Ilf 
 commeiued sealing out of Victoria on the I'riumfh in i,S86, and has since been continuously eiigaKed in '.he business, always 
 meeting with success. He has recently been in coinmand of the schooner May Utile. 
 
 "Capt. R. I'". Ciuilliaiiis was born in Iowa in 1862 and commenced senliiix on the schooner Kale ami Anna in 1HS6. In |8S8 lie 
 was in the coasting trade on the schooner 6>ii/;i,v //. Chance for a year ami was next on the I'cnelofie from Victoria. In iSyi ami 
 lS()2 he was euKageil on the schooner Cenrva. and ill 1893 took charge of the .schooner l.onis Olsen, formerly the llriti.sh steanii r 
 Holphin. He reached Victoria late in LSg^ with the OIscm, after liavinK sealed on the Japan coast and haviiiK been to the ninsi 
 westerly islands of the Aleutian group, thence to .Alaska and Bering .Sea. Captain CuiPiams died very suddenly at Victoria in 
 December, 1H94. 
 
 '"Capt. William I). Byers was born in Nova Scotia in 186,^ ami commenced going to .sea at the age of sixteen, reaching tin- 
 position of master soon after attaining his majority. He commenced sealing out of Victoria in 18.S6 on the schooner /'allijindcr ami 
 afterward had coinmaml of several other well Icnown schooners, making his best record on the Carltilta (i. Cox, which be 
 handled very successfully until iHgi, when he exchanged commands with Capt. Charles Harris of the A. A'. ,1Ai»!';h. Captain 
 Byers left for the japan coast with the latter schooner early in 189.S with a crew of twenty-six men. He is a thorough navigator, ami 
 is very well posted ou all details of the sealing business, a fact which has much to do with the size of the catches he has brought 
 into port. 
 
A Brief Histcy of the Britisfi Columbia Sealing Imluatry 
 
 449 
 
 British Columbia coast commenced about latitude ,17°, returning to port in May and remaining there until ready- 
 to enter Dering Sea. Of the fifty-nine vessels operating, only thirty-two went into the sea. The entire catch of 
 the Victoria .schooners on the coast of Oregon, Washington and British Columbia was 1 1,703. on the Japan coast 
 48,993, Copper Isliiiiil 7,437, Bering Sea 26,341, making a total of 94,474 skins, employed in securing which were 
 818 whites and 518 Indians. 
 
 But two seizures were made in 1894, the \\'<ni<1eier and Favorite, both of which were afterward rclea.sed, 
 the charge of entering Bering Sea without having tlieir arms properly sealed being unsubstantiated. The sealers 
 suffered considerable iuconvenieiu-e and loss and on arrival at \'ictoria filed claims for damages. Two American 
 schooners, the C. C. Perkins and tlie Purilnn. were .seized off Cape Flattery in June by the revenue cutter Grant. 
 They were not only guilty of taking' seals out of season, but were also using shotguns. They escaped on the plea 
 that they had not been officially notified of the new regulations. 
 
 The well known Seattle schooner Henry Dennis, Capt. Iv. I'. Miner, was wrecked in Japan waters in April, 
 1894, striking on a reef at Sabatsu Island. Captain Miner furnished the following account of the disaster : " Wc 
 
 were trying to make a har- 
 bor in the fog and ran on a 
 reef. We got away in our 
 boats, and later rescued the 
 vessel's catch of Sfii skins 
 and the ]>ersonal effects of 
 the crew. The wind and 
 .sea later drove the schooner 
 upon the reef and her keel 
 w.-is pounded out of place. 
 .She virtually split in two, 
 iilthougb wlien I .sold her 
 she was still clinging 
 together. Wi- were eight 
 hundred miles from Yoko- 
 h.-iina and had a very bard 
 time getting to that port. 
 The Ja]);inese trans|)ortati<in 
 company tried by every 
 means in their i)owcr to lieat 
 us, and with our bagjjagt- 
 .".nd seal skins we had a 
 pretty tough time of it. 
 None of the crew cana- back 
 with nie l)ut ri.ni.-\!ii( il to 
 sliip (in the other sc1ioi)1ki>. 
 I left my seal skins at 
 Hakodate, there to await 
 orders from Seattle. 1 
 IiatL'd to see llie /\iiii/> go, 
 for she was a good vessel, 
 and I had sailed her for 
 many a mile. " The //c// ]■ 
 Deiiiiis was one of the best schooners .sailing from the Sound. She was built at K.ssex in 1S83 by Messrs. 
 Brown, Pray & Norton for mackerel fishing off Newfoundland, and was brought around the Horn in i,SS9by 
 Capt R. C). Lavender, who was sent from X'ictoria to take charge of her. He handled her for two seasons, and 
 she was then purchased by a .Seattle man. With Captain Miner at the time of the disaster were F. M. White, 
 mate; Louis L. Htzel, J. N. Knapp, F. J. Speer, lulward Cantillion, J. S. Fanning and C. W. \'alkenburg, 
 hunters; and sixteen others. The Dennis was eighty-one feet long, twenty-three feet three inches beam, and 
 eight feet four inches hold. 
 
 If there is any truth in the as.sertion that a bad beginning is indicative of a good ending, the Victoria sealing 
 fleet, in their Copper Island and Bering .Sea crni.ses of 1895, should meet with record-breaking success, for in no 
 previous season have they started out under such unfavorable auspices. The coast catch has been the lightest 
 ever known considering the number of ve.s.sels engag ;d. The last ve.s.sel of the fleet operating off the coast of 
 Washington and British Columbia arrived at Victoria, May 29th, and the catch, according to the Victoria Colonist, 
 is as follows : Theresa, Capt. O. Meyer, 102 skins ; Shelby, Claussen, 124 ; Pnehvallis, J. Nyetam, 66 ; Labrador, 
 J. Williams, 51 ; Amateur, C. Jipson, 65; Mountain Chief, J. Nawasum, 39; Fisher Maid, C. Chipps, fo9 ; 
 Kilmcny, R. Southby, 15 ; Libbie, F. Hackett, 234 ; Triumph, C. N, Cox, 353; Dora Steward, H. F. Sieward, 
 
 ' WANUKHKK." ■■ FAVttKiri-:," " I'KNl-I.OI'K." •'W. F. SaVW.AHD, 
 
 i.j 
 
450 
 
 Lewia <J Dryden'a Marine History of the Paoiflo Northwest 
 
 f,o3 ; <^scar and Haltie, T. Magneson, 147 ; Katherine, Gould, 159; Waller L. Rich, S. Balconi," 145 ; Aiinii 
 C. .Uooie. C. Hackett, 105 ; Afaud S., R. E. McKiel. 287 ; .lurora,t. Harold," 108 ; May Belle, K. Shields, 2,14 : 
 Viitoria, R. Balconi, 187 ; C. D. Rand, J. J. Whiteley, 143 ; Enterprise, J. Daley, 221 ; Saucy Lass, D. Martin, 
 257 ; .Ainoko, G. Heater, 325 ; ICate, O. BuchoU/., i8i ; Florence Af. Smith, h. McGratli, 285 ; Sapphire 
 William Cox, 192 ; Favorite, \^. McLean, 150 ; Sanjosi', 143 ; I'awn, M. Keefe, 248 ; Beatrice, D. G. Macaulay. 
 230. The catch of the Director, a recent addition to the fleet, is not included in the foregoing list. This vessel 
 was brought out from Halifax by Captain Gilbert, who intended to go direct to the Japan coast, but was obliged to 
 alter his course to replenish his water supply. The Director left Halifax, with a crew of twenty-five men, 
 December 20, 1894, and on reaching the Pallclands forty-eight days later commenced sealing and secured 610 
 skins Ijefore a spell of bad weather compelled a suspension of operations. Two other Halifax .schooners, the 
 
 /furry C. JT. and Fortuna, 
 also started around the Horn 
 to join the \'''ctoria fleet in 
 1 895. The newcomers were 
 all vessels of about ninety 
 tons register, well built and 
 fast sailers. The Nitnat 
 Indians, who had proven 
 very successful sealers in 
 the employ of the whites, 
 in 1895 entered the field on 
 their own account, purcha.s- 
 iiig the .schooners Labrador. 
 Pachwattis and .■Imateiir. 
 
 The revenue cutter 
 Cont'in seized the Shelby. 
 May nth, oflf Queen Char- 
 lotte's Island, and turned 
 her over to H. M. ,S. Pheasant 
 at Sitka. The Shelby there 
 received orders to proceed 
 to Victoria and report to the 
 collector. The seizure was made through the Convin's oflicers being unaware that the British Government had 
 decided not to renew the agreement with the United States respecting the sealing of arms and implements. 
 Twenty-six of the 1895 fleet went direct to Japan, with 505 whites and 100 Indians, and the coast crews include 
 178 whites and 602 Indians. The greater numl)er of whites in the vessels going to Japan is accounted for by the 
 fact that firearms will be used there while spears are lUe weapons in the coast operations. 
 
 The result of the sea.son on the Japan coast, while far from satisfactory, was not caused by a scarcity of 
 seals but by continued bad weather. Capt. J. G. Cox returned from Yokohama, July 24th, bringing the following 
 report of the catch, which is herewith given in comparison with that of the previous year, the figures first given 
 l)eing the 1.S95 catch: Diana 812, 1,961; Rosie Olsen 627, 1,043; Viva 601, 1,437; ^asco 1,309, 1,926; Aj^ncs 
 McDonald -/Xo, 1,707; li. B. Marvin 946, 2,118; Geneva 1,137, '.092; Carlotta G . Cox i)o(^, 1.947 1 Ocean Belle 
 1,056, 330; Umbrina 1,187, 2,558; Sadie Tiirpel 749, 1,783; Annie F.. Paint 1,124, '.497 I City 0/ San Diego 
 370, ',304; Alary F.llen 797, 1,909; Vera 853, 1,075; Mermaid 1,156, 1,603; totals 14,340, 25,490. The 
 catches of these sixteen schooners this season compared with last thus show a difierence of 1 1, 150 skins. There 
 was an etjual dis|)arity tietween the catches of the American schooners this year and last. The following are the 
 figures for 1H95 : Sophie Sutherland 193, Penelope 210, Josephine 306, Louis Olsen 627, F.ninui Louise 168, Theresa 
 338, Anaconda 182, M. M. Aforell 331, IK Ains;,orth 915, Hermann 465, /. Fppiui;er 785, Alton 299, Rattler 3;;, 
 Jane Gray i,\2^. Afaltie Ihiyer 661, /da /;V/a 575, /louan:a 250, /•.. B. Webster -^Hi \ total 9,206. The British 
 Columbia .schooners Pioneer 847, Borealis 733, and Afascot 787, total 2,367, were not on the Japan coa.st last year. 
 The returns of the Yohohama schooners are: Arctic 220, Retriever 562, Golden Fleece 642 ; total 1,424. 
 
 Commenting on this result, the Japan Mail of July i ith says : " The sealing season on the coast of Japan 
 being now over, the schooners engaged in the business have returned and sailed again for northern waters. The 
 results of the season's catch have fallen very short of expectations, owing to the continuance of strong winds 
 in the early and best part of the season, during which hunting operations could not be carried on ; and, although 
 a fair amount of work was done during the latter part of the .season, the number of seals taken is far short of that 
 
 " Capt. n. W. S. Balcom was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, anil baa had an experience of nearly twenty years as a mariner. 
 Ifis first work in the sealinf; business was with the schooner /)ora Steward, which he left to take commanil of the ll'after L. Ricli. 
 of which be is still master, Roinx with her to the Jap.in coast early in 1895. 
 
 "Capt. Thomas Harold was born in Finland in 1S4S and lias followed the marine business in various parts of the world. Hi- 
 arriveil at N'icloria about fourteen years ago, and for several years past has commanded the sealing schooners Aurora and Horealh, 
 of which he is owner. 
 
 "HKNRIBTTA," "'BKKN1>A," ",1'MimiNA," "OOSA SlKWASD," "AllKBS McUONALD," "UiiHIS" 
 ANI> "ANNIU C. M(>ORK" IN ViCTOHIA llARHOK 
 
 school 
 few 
 U'a/te 
 e.xiste 
 
 '4. 
 
 /'avor. 
 
 /.itbic 
 
 lieen 
 
 coast, 
 
 of th« 
 
 miles 
 
 subrae 
 
 l)arom 
 
 was 01 
 
 rode 
 
 McLc! 
 
 the wc 
 
 still ill 
 
 were 11 
 
 Louis 
 
 the sen 
 k nowM 
 
m 
 
 A Brief History of the British Columbia Sealing Industry 
 
 4SI 
 
 of last year. The sealers on the coast of Uritish Columbia have been equally unfortunate from the same cause, 
 
 having had to contend against the severest gales ever experienced on that coast, with the result that the 
 
 British Columbia catch is small compared with that of previous years. Seals were found to be plentiful both here 
 
 and on the other side, the weather alone preventing operations being carried on. Those engaged in the business 
 
 now look forward to making fair catches on the northern trip, but, even if the vessels make as good an average in 
 
 the north as in former years, there will still be a great shortage in the total catch for the sea.son, and the 
 
 only consolation for those engaged in the industry is that prices at present ruling are much higher than those of 
 
 last season. The few schooners from Hakodate this year did fairly well, and some of them made as good catches 
 
 as the British and American craft. Some ill feeling, it is said, has been caused by Japan's refusal to enter into an 
 
 agreement to prohibit i)elagic sealing on the high sea off her coasts. Such a course could hardly be expected 
 
 from Japan, apart from the fact that such methods are inconsistent with Japanese ideas of justice, to say nothing 
 
 of establishing the precedent that a nation or combination of nations can close the high .seas to the prosecution of 
 
 a merely commercial pursuit when no national emergency justifies the action. The Japanese Government 
 
 granted special concessions to encourage their people to invest money in the sealing industry, and this has already 
 
 been done, .so that the authorities could not now consistently agree to close the Pacific Ocean. In the interest of 
 
 those Japanese who have invested capital in sealing vessels, the Government should do all in its power to protect 
 
 the seals in their rookeries, so that they may remain undisturbed during the breeding time, and permit pelagic 
 
 scaling only. The rookeries in the possession of Japan have almost been destroyed through the exterminating 
 
 raids made upon them by foreign hunters in years gone by, but not entirely so. In fact, if properly protected, in 
 
 a very few years the recuperative 
 
 power of these animals to restock | ' ' '. . " ' 'W^>: 
 
 the once swarming rookeries belong- j. ' i;?^ 
 
 ing to Japan would become apparent, 
 
 and a valuable article of commerce 
 
 be preserved from extinction to the 
 
 lienefit of those Japanese engaged in 
 
 the pursuit of the fur seal ; for there 
 
 is no reason why, with a little 
 
 experience, the schooners under the 
 
 Rising Sun flag should not do as 
 
 well as the best of the British or 
 
 American craft. The course the 
 
 Government of Japan has thought 
 
 proper to adopt in this matter has 
 
 been in the interest of its people, 
 
 and has not been influenced by the 
 
 action of other countries." 
 
 The well known Victoria 
 schooner Sj/zui Hand\\ for the past 
 few years sailing under the name 
 Walter A. Jiarle, was swept out of 
 existence, with all on board, April 
 14, 1895. With the schooners 
 Favoiile, Captain McLean, and the 
 l.itbif, Captain Hackett,"' she had 
 been following the seals up the 
 coast, and on the thirteenth all three 
 of the vessels were about thirty 
 miles off the I'appalonas, a small 
 submerged reef to the .south of Cape St. Klias. The weather was fine in the morning, but shortly after noon the 
 l)arometer dropped quickly, all of the boats were .signaled to return to the .schooners, and at nightfall the gale 
 was on in all its fury. Hojie was almost abandoned on the Libbie and Favorite, but by careful management they 
 rode out the storm. When morning dawned but two ves.sels were in .sight, and .shortly afterward Captain 
 McLean picked up the mainsail of the liarle. The .schooner was found bottom upward a few hours later. When 
 the weather moderated. Captain McLean sent a boat to the overturned hull and discovered that the masts were 
 still in place, but the rudder was missing. This was undoubtedly the direct cause of the disaster, and those who 
 were not swept from the decks before she capsized had little show for their lives. The lost vessel was manned by 
 Louis Magneson, captain ; Henry Buhrm, mate ; William J. Douglas, W. H. Wyman and Adolf E. Shute, seamen ; 
 
 ' K. 11. Marvin." ' Caki.ott.\ g. Cox, " "Annie H. I'aint, " " Vbra ' 
 
 '"Clint. Kred M. Hackett wa.s liorii in Cape Ilretoii and 1ir.s hail a marine experiiMice of seventeen years. Hi: 
 the sealing Imsineas was in 1.S88 on the Annie C. Afoore, sailing ont of Victoria. He has since been engaged on a n 
 known sealers and was hist in coniniaud of the /.ibbie. 
 
 His first work in 
 limber of well 
 
452 
 
 Lewit <J Dryden't Marine Hiatory of the Paoiflo Northweit 
 
 B, Berner, cook ; riid twenty-six Indians, twelve of whom were Songltees from V'ictoria, five from Sooke, six 
 from Beecher Bay, two fronj Metchosin, and one from Cowichan. 
 
 The same gaW that sent the /iar/t- on her last crutM ended the career of the old Columbia River ])ilot 
 schooner C. (i. White. Soon after lenviiiK the pilot service she was fitted out for sealing, and for the past two 
 seasons had been engaged on the coast. She was caught off the Alaska shore by the gale, which was 
 accompanied by a blinding snowstorm, with the thermometer three degrees below r.ero. Her sails were carried 
 away, the fore topmast went by the board, and her rudder liecame disabled. In this helpless condition she was 
 carried before the wind, and just *R-fore morning struck a submerged reef and was soon sma.shed to pieces. A 
 line was made fast to shore, and twi-nty-five of the crew reached land in safety, three losing their lives lieforc llio 
 line was secured. Kight of those who landed perished from starvation and ex|>osure, and several of the others 
 were so badly frozen as to rcn<ler amputation of limbs necessary. They were finally rescued by some Indians and 
 taken to Kodiak. Capt. Gus Isaacson was one of the eleven who perished. 
 
 The Koxie Olseti, built at Portland in 1879 as a steoni coaster, which for the past few years had l>een sealing 
 under the British flag, was wrecked off the coast of Japan in June. She was the first of the 1895 floet to 
 leave Victoria, sailing from there in December, 1894, in command of Captain Whidden. The career of the AWc 
 O/jz-w has been quite eventful .since becoming a sealer. She was captured by the Ru.ssians in 1892 for alleged 
 trespassing in territorial waters, and on that occasion wos christened the /'rise. When the Russians learned 
 that they could not hold her they gave her to the captain of the I'anfoiivfr Helle and .sent her to \'ictoria with 
 the crews of other ves.sels seized at the .same time. The Indian sealing schooner /Jar/, constructed at I.uninii, 
 Wash., in 1890, was wrecked in April, i89,s, off Carmanah i>oint. Harly in May the Seattle schooner //<•/.■•//, 
 Captain Strong, was lost off Yakitat. She became disabled, and in beaching her to .save life she was struck by a 
 
 heavy .sea and broke 
 in two. The crew 
 escaped. 
 
 It would he 
 difficult to find a 
 hardier or more dar- 
 ing class of men 
 than the l)rave fel- 
 lows who man the 
 big fleet of .sealet.s 
 out of Victoria and 
 Sound iK)rts. With 
 their small schoonvis 
 they fly lH:fore gale.s 
 which sweep from 
 existence the lar>;e>l 
 ships afloat, dod>;e 
 ninong treaclicrmis 
 reefs and i.slands in 
 the north, and are 
 hurled hither anil 
 thither by the .stron>; 
 currents and tide rips 
 of the Japan coast. 
 Their life is one of 
 periHJtnal danger, for 
 in the North Pacific 
 
 the skies are nearly always overca.st ; heavy gales are freipient ; fogs settle down without a moment's warning, 
 not to rise again fi)r days nr weeks ; yet, surrounded by all of these i>erils, the .seal-hunter will lower his boat, 
 and with only a keg of water and a little hard tack, pull out on the ocean waste with as little concern as though 
 sculling about in a land-locked harbor. Many a boat and crew .starting out in this manner have never returned. 
 The dreaded fog descends like a curtain, hiding the schooner from the strained vision of the hunters, and then 
 death in its most frightful form, by starvation and thirst, awaits them. Of course* great luimber of the boats so 
 lost are picked up by other vessels or in rare instances make their way to land ; but even in such cases the 
 sufferings of the men are terrible. An experience of the latter kind was encountered by some of the crew of tin- 
 Carlotla G. Cox, Captain Byers, in 1894. On April 7th, when 200 miles off the Japan coast, three Iwats wen 
 lowered early in the morning. Hunting was pursued with good success until noon, when the boats were caught 
 in a tide rip, followed by a strong wind, which developed into a gale. When an attempt was made to return to 
 the schooner the boatmen found that they were being rapidly driven in the opposite direction. Their boats weri' 
 also separated in the gale, and it was found necessary to delay further search until the following day, whiili 
 
 A HKALkHs' KKNIit:ZVUrH IN VlCTUKIA MaKIHIR 
 
 ' Smu-y I.B*-*," " Kiitltrriiie. " " Horr.-ni* " ami " Aurorn " 
 
 in PorFKr<}'iiifl 
 
/4 Brief History of the British Columbia Scaling Industry 
 
 453 
 
 unfortunately proved worse than its predecessor. Growing still more furious, the storm upset one of the boats, 
 whose occupants, us well as twenty-four skins, two guns ami other sealing apparatus, were thrown into the water. 
 One of the crew, however, was able to swim, and, by almost superhuman efforts, he managed to help his two 
 comrades until rescue came with the ap|)earance of one of the other boats. Attempts were then made, but 
 unsuccessfully, to right the capsi/.ed craft, although twelve of the lost skins were recovered. After sailing day 
 and night, land was reached on the morning of the fifth day out from the schooner. Immen.se sharks closely 
 followed the boat, and on one occasion a monster snapped off the painter, a three-tiuarter-inch rope. All this 
 time the men were subsisting on raw seal meat. Fresh drinking water had been obtained by catching rain, but, 
 when shore was reached, wurni tea was substituted, which with otiier food was generously supplied by the 
 Japanese, whose kindne.ss will long be remembered. The wrecked scalers were carried in jinrickishas from the 
 shore inland, a distance of 
 fifty-seven miles, to a village, 
 whence they were afterward 
 taken to Hakodate by 
 instructions of the British 
 consul. The third boat's 
 crew was more fortunate, 
 having landed near civiliza- 
 tion after four days at sea. 
 
 A lioat's crew consi.st- 
 ing of Charles Williams, 
 Samuel Lewis and one other, 
 from the Agues McDonald, 
 disappeared about the same 
 time, but were less fortunate, 
 as no tidings of them were 
 ever heard. Their boat was 
 found several days afterward 
 full of water, with the guns 
 lashed to the .seats. Lewis 
 and Williams were popular 
 and well known members of 
 the sealing fraternity and 
 were experienced sealers. 
 
 The May Belle also lost three boats, which were picketl up by other ves.sels. The San Francisco schooners 
 Matthew Turner and Kosie Sparks were both wrecked with all on board, and several others of the Japan fleet met 
 with disaster in 1H9.)., the catastrophes for the year outnuniliering those on the American and British Columbia 
 coast for the entire period in which sea'ing operations had been carried on. Other perils beside storms, starvation 
 and sharks l)e.set the sealer, and among the strangest of these were two attacks made on the .schooner I.ibbie's 
 boats by a ferocious marine monster known as the "killer." The first occurred ofT the Japan coa.st in March, 
 1894, and two lives were lost. The boat was in charge of Collinson, a hunter, of I'luniper's I'a.ss, H. C, with 
 J. C. Uodine and Harry Ocorgeson, boatmen. The monster struck the boat suddenly about noon, tearing the 
 bottom out and throwing the men into the .sea. They managed to lash the canvas around the bottom of the 
 boat, right her and climb in, but the water entered faster than they could bail it out. The boat would repeatedly 
 fill and turn. Collinson took a position at the bow, where he held on and treaded water. He did not have to 
 turn with the craft, and in that way husbanded his strength. liodiiie and Georgeson. in their struggle for life, 
 lost judgment and made wild efforts to ;j[et back upon the boat every time she came up either way. Just .so sure 
 as they did .so, they were thrown off. The end came (juickly, and the drowning of Georgeson, who was the first 
 to go, was attended by one of those incidents wliicli appeal to the hearts of met:. Once when the boat turned he 
 was thrown into the water several feet away, and was .so weak that he made no effort to get back. Hodine pushed 
 an oar out to him, and with a last effort he .seized it. It was not large enough to .support him, and slowly he 
 di.stfppeared beneath the surface, still clinging to the oar. With their minds upon their own fates the two men 
 watched in silent horror the spot where Georgeson had disappeared. In a moment the oar slowly came to the 
 surface. It told the story of the end. Hodine looked at Collinson and said, " He is gone, and I will .soon follow 
 him." Ten minutes later Bodine's hold was loosened, and he slipped quietly down to his death. When the 
 schooner reached Collinson at seven o'clock that evening he was sitting in the boat, stripped of his clothing, in 
 water to his waist, and balancing the craft with the oars. He was all but bereft of his rea.son by the e.xi>eriences 
 of the day, and nearly dead from exposure. 
 
 The other serious accident occurred about sixty miles .south of the Copper Islands on August 7th. It is 
 descril)ed l>e.st in the language of Thomas Brown, the hunter. " I was out as usual with the two men, Jack 
 l.undy and Sam Thomas. The day was a fair one, and we had the .sail up. There was a little wind blowing, 
 
 
 
 I r 
 
 ill 
 
454 
 
 Lewit 4 Dryden'a Marine Hittory of the Peoifio Norihwett 
 
 and we were moving along at average speed. I had just shot a seal and was standing as high up in the bow as I 
 could, looking forward for seals. Suddenly and without the slightest warning the 'killer' struck the boat. I 
 was thrown forward in the air and landed in the water several feet away. I was the most surprised man in the 
 world. First I thought the gun had gone off, and then I had an idea that the ammunition box had blown up. 
 Wiien I looked around I saw L,undy and Thomas sitting on the boat, which was Irattoni up and had a great hoU' 
 torn in her. I had on heavy rubber boots and was warmly dre.ssed, so you can imagine how much trouble I had 
 making the boat. When we were in Japan I had air tanks put in my boat, and I am very glad that I did, for 
 they saved our lives. We all crawled up on the bottom of the boat, and she sustained us, and the sunken mast 
 and the sail balanced her. Way off to windward Jack Townsend was hunting, and we could just make him out. 
 One of the boatmen raised bis cap upon an oar and waved it. We heard the report of Townsetid's gun as he .shot 
 a seal, and then came an anxious moment. It was getting rather hazy, and if Townsend had not seen us it would 
 have been all up with us. Presently we saw him head for us, and in about an hour we were in his boat. The 
 water was terrible cold, and we were suffering from its effjcts when we reached the schooner. The man who sat 
 directly over where the ' killer ' struck did not even see him, and we would have had our doubts about what had 
 done the damage had we not seen two ' killers ' swimming away. Once before that this .season we were in the 
 midst of a school of them, but we furled our sail, lashed our guns and were ready. When I went overboard my 
 gun sank, and I also lost 150 shells. Keside the two accidents met with I only know of one more of a siniilnr 
 
 nature. It hapi>ened on the Japanese coast three years ago, when n 
 » boat from an American schooner was cut in two and a boatman killed. 
 
 They said the ' killer ' used his fin, but I believe the one that struck 
 , , . us did so with his tail." 
 
 The United States Government, which had expressed its 
 willingness to abide by the decision of the Paris tribunal, in 1895 
 relapsed into its old method of dealing with the sealing (lut-stioii. 
 The tribunal established the fact that twenty illegal seizures had been 
 made by American cutters between 1886 and 1890 inclusive, and 
 decided that the owners of said vessels had good cause to institute 
 actions against the Government at fault to recover the loss they had 
 sustained by reason of such seizures. The claims aggregated some- 
 thing over half a million dollars, with interest, and it was the 
 recommendation of the tribunal that each ca.se .should tie taken up 
 separately and the damage suffered a.scertained by a.ssessment. This, 
 however, was not obligatory, and late in 1.S94 the United States offered 
 a lump sum of $425,000. The Dominion Government submitted the 
 proposition to the interested parties, and, while a few of them were in 
 favor of insisting on the full amount of their demands, they finally 
 expressed a willingness to accept the sura offered, Ijelieving that an 
 amicable settlement of the affair would aid in securing the payment of 
 the consequential claims caused by warning .schooners out of Bering 
 Sea in 1890, 1891, 1892 and 1893. The matter of appropriating the 
 amount decided on, $425,000, came up in Congress in December, 1894, 
 and, despite the agreement made at Paris pledging the payment of the damages, the bill failed to pass. Amoiij; 
 the reasons advanced for repudiating it was the intimation that, if the Canadians secured what was justly due 
 them, the Government would also be obliged to pay several hundred thousand dollars for similar damages 
 suffered by vessels sailing under the American flag while the seals were being protected for the lessees of the 
 rookeries. 
 
 With the failure of the United States to fulfill the promise which its Secretary of State had made in its 
 name, the British Government promptly refused to re-enact the regulations of the previous year, which prevented 
 the carrying of firearms by sealing vessels through the zone north of the thirty-fifth parallel during the closed 
 season. That portion of the American people who had contended against the fulfillment of the Paris award ai 
 once as.serted, with much indignation, that Great Britain was acting in bad faith by modifying her stand on tlif 
 sealing question on a point which was not made binding by the Paris tribunal, and it was claimed that this action 
 had only been taken in order to permit an unlimited and indiscriminate slaughter by Canadian vessels. As 
 far as the protection of the .seals is concerned, this is of small importance, as British ships will be ordered In 
 Bering Sea to patrol against poachers, and to use every effort to carry out the Paris award and the British law 
 based thereupon. The only difference in the present instructions from those of the previous year is that tlif 
 open possession of arms will no longer be taken as prima-facie evidence of illegal sealing. The British law 
 founded on the Paris award does not forbid the open carrying of guns, while that of the United States, whicli i^ 
 deemed by the authorities of Great Britain to have gone beyond the Paris decision, makes such possession c 
 vcxa% prima-facie evidence of sealing. The British regulations for 1894 yielded to a certain extent to those of tli- 
 United States. This year, however, the British law will be strictly adhered to, the theory of the authorities beiii.; 
 
 CaPT. KdWARD MCCOflKKIK 
 
 (8Mp«ge4ii) 
 
A Brief History of the British Columbia Sealing Industry 
 
 455 
 
 that the Paris arbitrator had the amplest means of providing against the extermination of the seats, and 
 that the award properly executed will give full protection. 
 
 The result of these diflferent interpretations will certainly cause trouble, and, whatever the result, it cannot 
 be other than humiliating to the American Government. If Canadian sealers are intercepted for carrying arms 
 contrary to the American law, further claims for damages will l)e instituted. If these seizures are not made, it 
 will have the appearance of a compulsory recognition of rights not hitherto accorded the Canadians. I{ither 
 horn of the dilemma will be unpleasant to the American gtasp, and by far the worst feature of the matter is the 
 fact that the American sealer will \ie given another forcible illustration that the flag of his country is a very poor 
 banner for a .sealer to .sail under. This singular state of aflfairs was first brought to public notice with the 
 sei/.ures of 1887 and i883. The master and owner of the Alpha, as well as those of other American schooners 
 captured and taken to Sitka, were left penniless hundreds of miles from civilization, and after release from 
 custody made their way back to their native land ex]>ecting to receive justice. It is still due them. No 
 influential nation appeared at Paris to plead their cause, and their claims for damages lie yellow and du.sty in the 
 pigeon-holes of the department at Washington. The ultimate result of such an unfair |)ulicy will be the 
 driving of the few remaining American sealers to the protection of the British flag. 
 
 Every year reports are circulated concerning the great decrease in the size of the seal herds, and, in the face 
 of this, each season shows a greater catch. The United States (lovernment yearly pre.sents nn array of figures 
 showing that the .seals are disappearing from the Pribilof Islands ; but at the same time they nre reported in 
 immense herds in other portions of the Pacific, indicating that the fur seal is in no immediate danger of extinction. 
 It has cost in the neighborhood of a million dollars each sea.son to maintain the liering Sea fleet, and the good 
 results have not been proportionate. In an interview published in the Seattle Post-lnlellif^eneer, Mr. Sheldon 
 Jackson, who has spent several years in Ala.ska as an agent of the ITnited States, recommended the killing of all 
 the seals on the islands by the Government. Mr. Jackson is reported as .saying: "I favor such a policy, 
 and it is the only way that our Government will ever get anything out of it. At present it costs about $1 ,000,000 
 a year to keep a fleet of ve.ssels in northern waters, and what recompense do we get ? I stated while I was in 
 Wa.shington City that it would be the be.st move we could make to have every seal killed off this .season. 
 If that were done, the Government would have a lot of money turned into the treasury ; but, if things go on as 
 they have been going on for a long time, the Canadian poachers will have every .seal, and we will have what — why 
 simply a big hole in the trea.sury. It is an actual fact in my mind that we are pursuing a wrong course in 
 this matter, and, while I don't believe that the advice I give will be followed, I do l)elicve that it would be the 
 only correct thing to do. It is not the American poachers that we have to fear so much, but the Caimdians. If 
 an American vessel is caught poaching, she is seized, and the American Government does not pay her owner any 
 indemnity ; but, if the American fleet seizes a Briti.sh ves.sel, we confiscate it, and by an international court 
 the owners are awarded damages. Consequently you will find that Americans go north and employ British boats 
 to poach for them. I have been in Alaska for a good many years, and during the past six years have noticed a 
 remarkable decrease in the herds on the Pribilof Islands. No ; I l)elieve that the suggestion I have made 
 will not be put into effect, because somehow I feel that the American people — my people — have not sense enough 
 to do it. You can rest a.ssured, however, that the British will look after their interests, as they always do." 
 
 It is hardly probable that the United States would succeed in exterminating the .seals in a single season, 
 even were such a foolish method of procedure adopted, and both Canadian and American sealers, with rare 
 exceptions, have always obeyed the law where its interpretation was the same by both nations. Russia stands in 
 readiness to assist, and the matter of protecting the seals and perpetuating the industry is far from difficult if each 
 country interested would accord to others the same rights expected and enjoyed by itself. Preliminary to such 
 an international agreement, it would be very appropriate for the United States to liquidate its indebtedness 
 caused by the confiscation of the private property of the Canadians, and, when this is done, extend a similar 
 courtesy to its own citizens. 
 
 ili 
 
 ! \ 
 
 
SEALERS OF THE NORTHWESTERN FLEET. 
 
 Arkcr, V , liimter nchcMiiier ./»«((> A". /1i/h/, H«ii I'rnm'lico. 
 
 Allen, (iCorKi'. Iiuiiter nrliuoiicr /•'lamis M. Smilh. 
 
 Allen, C*|il. Jolin, whooner h'raMii^ M Smilk, Viclorin. 
 
 Aiiilerion, A., Iiiinler ncliooner Ihitj Sii-waiJ, V'ictotiii. 
 
 Anilenion, Heriiiin, lioalMeerer, Victoriii. 
 
 Anderiton, J. W., niimlrr of Klinoner I'iva, VictoriH. 
 
 Aiiilenou, TlinNlore, male on MalinK M'liuonrm, Victoriii. 
 
 AnfinilHn, John, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Archinliiilt, O. K., hunter nchiMiner (hniH Hellf, Victoriii. 
 
 lUckc, Ole, hunter ichooner Oohh Ittlle, Victoriii. 
 
 Hainwcll. Henry, iiiHiter of itennier r.nlrrfiist, I'ort Town- 
 Henil, wn* rornierly en|{n){e<l on the iichooiieni TIioihIoh, . Iiinii- 
 /•'<■(* anil (,'riiir. 
 
 Ilarker, ('•. N., mate, Victoria, hat licen nculiuK out of that 
 port liiice 1H87 on the /Vim, Fiiivrile aii.l othern. 
 
 Ilarron, Charlea, hunier achooner I'lnelupe, liiia liecn wat- 
 inx out or Victoria aince iWi,^. 
 
 Ilcck, W. I', hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Ilecknmii, Willlvn, hunter, Victoiin. 
 
 Ilertranil, A. J., hunter, Victoria, haa Iweu acaliiiK out of 
 that (lort for ten yeart, 
 
 Itiaaett, A K., luaater of aealiiiK veaaela, Victoria. 
 
 Hounrr, John, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Hoiwrll, J. W., hunter achooner KHiirfirhf, Victoria. 
 
 Iloutilier, Joiepb, atewanl, Victoria. 
 
 Ilri<l){«'r, lieorge, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Drown, ti. I)., inaater of aealiug achooueni, Victoria, 
 
 Drown. Henry, hunter achooner Libbii; Victoria. 
 
 Drown, Thotuns H., hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Duchanon, Capt. Jamea, aealer, Victoria. 
 
 Diirke, Joacph, hunter achooner FroHiis M. Smilk, Vic- 
 toria, licKan waliUK oil the I'alhfiHJrr out of Victoria in 189,1, 
 
 Duma, Hdwaril, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Durt, Jainea, hunter achooner MennaiJ, Victoria. 
 
 Dyera, !>., hunter, Victoria, coiunienccil sealiiiK out of that 
 port in 1890 on the achooner (iriieva anil waa afterwaril on the 
 Miuiodf anil Therrsa. 
 
 Cainpliell, Daniel, inaater Nchooner Saiiie Turpil, \'ictoria, 
 
 Canipliell, Harry, boatatcerer achooner ./i,'uci Mct>o>ialJ, 
 Victoria. 
 
 Cantitlion, Capt. Kilwanl, sealer, Seattle, Waah , haa lieen 
 euKaueil on the Mollif .li/ains, Ouar iiiiil llitllif and Ains- 
 wor/h aa captain, and on the Catiollii (i. Cox and llcnry 
 Ofiiiiis aa hunter. 
 
 Carlaon, John, hunter acliooner Olio, Victoria. 
 
 Carpenter, J. 0., mate on aealiiiK achoonera, Victoria. 
 
 Carter, William, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Ceaaford, (leorjje W., linnter, Victoria. 
 
 Chinn, O. R , boatateerer, Victoria. 
 
 Christian, Miltou, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Churchill, llerliert, hunter, Victoria, came to the Cooat on 
 the /•lanch Af. Smilh. 
 
 Cole, Jordiin, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Collier, John, mate on achooner hrrnila, Victoria. 
 
 Conloii, y. C, hunter achooner Umbrina, Victoria. 
 
 Conn, Koliert, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Connell, Michael, boatateerer, Victoria. 
 
 ('onrada, William, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Copeland, O. A., hunter, Vaquiiia, Or. haa been engaged 
 on the C. (!. iVhilt, I'enelope and Louis C'!stH. 
 
 Coveuey, Samuel, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Crocker, Henry, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Crockett, Kzekicl, inaater of achooner Aiusworlh, Seattle, 
 Wash., haa been en)(aKed in aealiug on the coaat for aix years. 
 He served on the schooners Mollte .Idoms, hditHiril Wehsler, 
 Mr.'lif T. Dyer and Ainsworlh, and haa lieen niaater of the 
 latter vesael Kir the paat two years. 
 
 Ciowdy, Robert, mate on sealing vessels, Victoria. 
 
 Cumniinga, Thoinaa, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 nahlberg, Charlea, master of sealing vessels, waa tmrn in 
 Sweden in 1H65. He began scaling out of Victoria in 1H87 on 
 
 the 7»/«»«/A, waa afterward on the C. //. Tupfft and .lili/f 
 aa hunier, has recently lieen master of the If. /'. Sartt'iinl, and 
 was also engaged on the .Ihioio and /•'filiiprisf. 
 
 Darritt, William, hunter, Vicmria. 
 
 Dasey, Tliouiiia, male on nraling schooners, haa lieen sail 
 ing out of Victoria sincr 1H87. He was one of the crew of the 
 bark Siim/i, wrecked at Carnianali I'liint. 
 
 Ifavis, Henry, iniite on sealera, N'icloria. 
 
 Day, James, steward, Victoria. 
 
 Dayton, neiijaniin, Imiiler, Victiirla. 
 
 Decker, Capt. A. (>., Seattle, Wiish., waa born in Maine in 
 iHSI and aailed fur several years out of <>loiicester on fishing 
 si-iiooners. He i-anie to .Seattle in 18H7, built the sealing 
 at'liouncr (mx^'/ A'. 11 liili in iHSy, and went aa master of licr 
 for one season. He then sliip|>ed as linnter on the .liiiiii' ('. 
 .IAi»r of Victoria, and in |8<>|, in connection with Captains 
 Crockett, Ablmll and Winston, <.'onatrHcted the scho<iiier ./;;/.(• 
 iiiiiih, which they are still n|icrating, alternating in command. 
 
 De l.isle, ('.. J., hunter, Olviiipia, Waah. 
 
 Dorsey, Thomas, sealer, Victoria, has been engaged on the 
 Ctt>iMii!ili\ /•'iiUH and others. 
 
 Doiigeiil, C , hunier schooner Kalheiiiif, Victoria. 
 
 Doiiran, Henry, liiintcr, has been sailing out of Victi ria for 
 twelve years, and was one of the crew of the II i/l/ii' Mc(ii>U'Oii. 
 seized by the Russians off Copper Island. 
 
 Kbiiieier, W., sealer schooner Siiuiv l.iiss, VictoMa. 
 
 Kdoii, I'.dward, mate nil sealing schooners, Victoria. 
 
 Kills, Amos, male and master of sealing vessels, was in tlie 
 employ of Spring iV McKiy for several years and has been 
 master of the H'iiini/iiil, Afnunllr, .Vio/ii and others. 
 
 Hrksoii, Harry, sealer, Victoria. 
 
 Kl/el, I.ouis I,., hunter, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 ■{vans. John, sailing master, Victoria, has served in dilferent 
 capacities on the .liinie C. Mihik, l\ilhfi»dti\, Sea I. ion, On- 
 niolile, (>ll<i, ./»;>/(■,( and Umbiiiio. 
 
 Kverelt, T. T., sealer, Vancouver. 
 
 I'arley, I*. J., hunier, Victoria, came to the Coast in 1890 
 He waa first engaged on the (hrnii Helle as boata'eerer, the 
 following season was bniiter on the I r.viile, and has recently 
 lieen employed on the I'eiielnfie. 
 
 I'enley, Thomas, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 I'errel, James, lioatatcerer, Victoria, has been sealing out 
 of Victoria for six years. 
 
 l<'illinorc, Albert, Victoria, master mariner, was born in 
 New Drunsuick in 1S5K and liegan sealing on the iilil schooner 
 ,IAi;;i' iilliii an her iirst trip to Deriiig ,Sea. He is at present 
 connected with the Alleles. He fitted out \\\e Jessie at New 
 Drunswick and brought her around the Horn. In 1891 Captain 
 ■''illmore fitted out the I'.thel in San Francisco, took her to 
 Dcriug Sea, where she was seized and confiscated. 
 
 Foley, N., master of sealing schooners, Victoria. 
 
 Oarner, Thomas, hunter, I'ortland, Or., commenced seal- 
 ing on the C. //. Tiipl'ir \n iSiSg. For the past three seasinis 
 he has been on the st'liooner I'mhrina, his record in 1891 lieiiig 
 46j skins, and 4.5J in 1894. 
 
 Gengc, Oeorge, lioalslcerer and hunter, Victoria. 
 
 ("lerow, \., hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Olawson, l'". A., hunter, Victoria, has recently been on the 
 (heaii llelle. 
 
 Gowdy, Fdward, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Grant, C, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 GrifTin, A., hunter, Victoria. 
 
 GriflTith, T. II., mate and master of sealing schoonert". 
 Victoria. 
 
 Oundaaen, S, T., hunter, Victoria. 
 
 (innncr, M. A., hunter schooner Agnes MeDoiiolil, N'ictoriu. 
 
 HaaUe, John H., hunter, Victoria, has lieen engaged on (lit- 
 Maiy Kllen. II alter L. Kith, Ocean llelle. Holler A. luvie 
 and Osear and Halite. 
 
 Hallgan, William, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Ham, William, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Hansen, J. G,, master muriner, Victoria. 
 
 Hardimau, Samuel, hunter, Victoria. 
 
Sealers of the Northwestern Huet 
 
 457 
 
 lUriiii, hilvtHril, liuntrr Khooncr Mfimiiid, Vlvlorla, 
 
 llarrin, .Hmiiiicl, iMwUtrrrrr, Virtorin. 
 
 IlHrrin'in, |iiiiir«, iiirilr uti iicnliii>t mlinoiirrii, V'icliirU. 
 
 llnwhiiiK, jHiiim, liiiiiirr, VirtoriM. 
 
 llefrrriiHii, ('•., liuntrr, rimiiiieiireil uruliiiK <>>it nf VU'toriii 
 in iHt/i Ha iKMUtcrrtT iin llic Caminlilf nnil uhh nfterwHnl 
 hnnirr on llic l.ftuvii, llmhtnni. I'lvn ■ml I'liulnpi-. 
 
 Ilrnilv, Kolwrt, liiinter, Vicloriii. 
 
 Ilrnnelicry, Willinni, liuntrr, Virtiiriii. 
 
 Ilriiiuin, J. W , liuntrr, l'<irt (Irfiiiil, Or., Iiim bcrn eimiiKril 
 ■III llir wluxiiirrB .Vnry iillfii, .Ihhii; Siii />irjt", (Viw/^/ii, 
 ('. (i. ll'hile »ni\ //i-iiiuin. 
 
 Ilowiiril, ('irorKe I'., Hipwani, Victoria. 
 
 IIUKlim, CliurlcH, ultwiiril, Virtoriil. 
 
 lluKlirii, II. v., iiiiMtcr ofiiriiliuK vrnHeU, Victoria, wHilKirn 
 ill l)l|{l>>', Nova Sroiiii, in 1H64. Ilr ha* Iwcn Hailing out uf 
 Victorin iiini'r iHui an<l lias rcccnilv Iwt'U connrclcil with the 
 Ht'liiMincr Maty fillin. 
 
 IIUKliri, J. ('■ , hunter, Seattle, Wanh. 
 
 llnKl>*'"> William, lioaltteerer. 
 
 Hunter, Thoiiiaii, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 IiikHoIi. William, huuter. Victoria. 
 
 Irvine, William C, hunter Victoria. 
 
 Jacoliaeii, Ilenrv, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 JcnninxH, Arthur, lioatateerer, Victoria. 
 
 Jipi, (>., hunter, Victoria. 
 
 JohiiHon, AuKUst, hunter schooner l.ouii Olseii, Victoria. 
 
 Johnaou, CharlcN. hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Johnatou, J. W . hunter, Victoria, 
 
 Karl, Harry, hunter, en){»);e(l in ilcetvwater aniliiiK until 
 iHSi, when he came to Victoria ami joineil the Miiiiiaiil. 
 
 Keefe, Michael, t a't r chooner /•iiuii, Victoria, haa lieen 
 ill the aealiuK liuaincii., i.iu v>r Victoria aiiice 1HH7. 
 
 Kelly, r. J., Healer, San Trauciaco, w.ih forinrrly mate on 
 the aliip () ■• 'ilal, runniuK lietweeii Sau I'laiiciacoamI Tacoma, 
 Tor aeveral \Lara. He haa receiitiv lieeii connected with 'he 
 acliooiiera If'ii/ter /.. h'iih ami I'mhriin). 
 
 Kieaon, HRiia, lioatateerer, Victoria, liaa been eiiKaKol on 
 the achooiiem llessie Hiillei, On an l!illi\ l'\ivorili\ I'rui ami 
 l'i'»ilof>e. 
 
 KniKaton, Joseph, lioatpnllcr, Victoria. 
 
 Kuapp, J. M., Iiunler, Victoria, liaa been conncctol with 
 the /'fHcA/c, W. /'. Siiyniiid and llciii\ /h'liiih, ami was on 
 the latter veaacl when ahe was wrecked near Hakodate. 
 
 Knox, William, hunter. Victoria. 
 
 I.iindry, C, lioat-steerer, Victoria. 
 
 I^araon, liana, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Lawrence, Capi. Tliomaa, waa liorii in Ilalifax in i.Ss6and 
 when a hoy conimeiiced aailiiiK in the South Anierieaii ami 
 North Atlantic trade, rrmaininK there for eleven yeara. He 
 came to the I'acilic Coast in i,S.S6, liringiii); a aealinx achooner 
 around froiii HaliTax. He was eiiKOK^d in aealiuK with the 
 Maiy /:'//<•« in 1HS6 and 1S.S7, and waa afterward employed oil 
 the steamer }'osf»ii/f. KoiiiK from her to the old steamer /V/o/, 
 of which he waa master for eighteen months. His next service 
 waa on the steamer /Cur/r. 
 
 I,e lllanc, Charles S., niaater of sealing schooners, Victoria. 
 
 he lllanc, I{. C, mate and master, Victoria. 
 
 lyee, Christ, scaler, Victoria. 
 
 I,ee, Cant. W. H . owner of sealing schooner (U'litge II , 
 I'resioll, built at Iromlale in i.Sgv 
 
 I.eer, Charles, hunter. Victoria. 
 
 Lewis, I). A., hunter, Victoria. 
 
 l.ind, .'MlH-rt, boatpuller, Victoria. 
 
 I.iuton, A., boalbuili'er, Vancouver, It. C. 
 
 I.ocke, Samuel, mate on aealiiiK schooners, Victoria. 
 
 Lodfje, Albert, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 1,00, .Mltert v., steward, San I'rancisco. 
 
 I.ovoie, William, hunter, Vancouver, II. C. 
 
 I.umI, Harry, hunter, scliooner llrenili' Victoria. 
 
 I, yuan, I'^dward, mate on scnIinK vessels, Victoria. 
 
 Lynch. James It., hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Ma^nesen, Theodore M., master of sealing schooners, 
 Victoria. 
 
 McCall,John, hunter schooner I'ionen; Victoria. 
 
 McCauley, I), (l., master of scaliiiK schooners, Victoria, 
 was born in Cape Ilreton in 1S57 and has been sailing out of 
 Victoria for the past six years. He has recently lieeii con- 
 iiecled with the /Iratria: 
 
 McKay, J., boalsteerer, Victoria. 
 
 McNeil, John, boatpuller, Victoria. 
 
 McNeill, v.. II., hunter, Victoria. 
 
 McNiel, Daniel. Imatpuller, V'ictoria. 
 
 Merlin, Daniel, hunter. Victoria. 
 
 Meyers, Jainrs, master of schooner (ieiui'a, has been seal- 
 ing out of Vlctoiia since ihyl. 
 
 MiihtKoiiicry, Thomas, sealer, Victonit. 
 
 Moore, William, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Morris, John, Victoria, master niariiier, waa Imrii in Waira 
 in 1H47 ami lieK*" K<>'i<K to sea when he was nineteen yrarsold 
 His first scaliUK veaael waa the olil IHaik OiamonJ. He has 
 also commanded the achooiiers Ohii'iihI and .llhfil .lilami, 
 ami one season took out the .Seattle schooner .Vt trN/i-ii.t'. He 
 is at present interested in aeveral sealiiiK sehoonrra. 
 
 Morrow, U. W., hunter, Victoria. 
 
 MosB, Andrew, boatpuller achooner f^/til, Victoria. 
 
 Murray, II., hunter, Victoria, haa lieeii aailiiiK out of that 
 port aince i.H)^. 
 
 Neilaoii, I,., hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Nelson, Charles II,, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Nelaon, ('teor){e, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Nelaon, John, boatpuller, Victoria. 
 
 Nelson, N. I'., hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Newson, R. W., steward, Vancouver, 11. C. 
 
 Nichidson, Charles, hunter and mate on aealiiiK schooners, 
 Victoria. 
 
 Nilea, GeorxeJ., Iioalsteerer, Victorin. 
 
 Nialiet, William, huuter, Victoria, 
 
 Nortin, Cliailcs. hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Oleson, Cliarle. nrd, Victoria, 
 
 Oleaon, Martin, hi. 1. Victoria. 
 
 Olsen, Andrew, 'unit , Victoria. 
 
 I'atteraou, W., In itt., Victoria. 
 
 I'eiiny, Caji'. I I,., owier of sealiuK aehooners, Victoria. 
 
 Peterson, ' , .lunter, . utoria. 
 
 I'ctrie, 1'. J., Iinutcr, Victo''.. 
 
 rike, Charles, linnlri, Victoria. 
 
 Pike, Mark, masi' rof ^ .hoonerO/vt/.Sijw Dhgo, Victoria. 
 
 Power Tlioma-i, liuuler, Victoria. 
 
 Prevost, Jniiies C, Victoria, waa liorii in Hampshire. 
 Kn^land, in 1N4.S, and is a sou of the late Admiral I'revoat of 
 the Itritish Navy. He built the ateam wrecker Maunlli- ami 
 also owned the aealiiiK schooner .Irii'l, which Captain Hiick- 
 uam broUKlit aiouml the Horn. 
 
 Kamlose, Hmil, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Kep|)en, AiiKUat, niaater of aealiliK veasela, Victoria, 
 
 Kiuby, II., huuter schooner A'aMi //«>', Victoria. 
 
 KiVey, Ivlward, boat.iteerer, Victorin. 
 
 Kisser, J. 1'°.. mate on sealiii); vesselh, Victoria. 
 
 Krdiliins, IC. I'., master of sealinx schooners, Victoria. 
 
 Koholm, .X., hunter schooner Siifi/tJiin\ ,Siin I'rancisco. 
 
 Ryan, J. N., hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Siimpicr, James, hunter schooner .Vniy KlUn. Victoria. 
 
 Scholamler, Anthony, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 .Schweickhardt, A., hunter, Victoria. 
 
 .Shephard, William, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Siteinan, James, mate on sealing schooners, Victoria. 
 
 Smith, Harry, hunter. Victoria. 
 
 Smith, J., hunter schooner IHoneer, Victoria. 
 
 Somerton, I'red, hunter, Victoria 
 
 Spencer, K. II., hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Sjiencer, Koliert, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Steele, Capt. John, was born on Trince Kdward Island in 
 i8.<iK, and lieKaii .sealing as master of the scli<H)ner IVnclope in 
 1S8S. In 1.S90 he was master of the Theiesa and in 1.S91 of 
 the .lini'ko. He retired from sealing in 1S92 to go as mate and 
 pilot oil the llaibaia Jlostowilz, where he remained until 1891, 
 when he took charge of Porter's wharf. He re8i<les at Victoria. 
 
 Stickland, Thomas, boatatcerer, Victoria. 
 
 Tacnicke, W., hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Tliorscu, John, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Vincent, William, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Wadden, Patrick, boatpuller, Victoria. 
 
 Walker, Donald, shipbuilder, Victoria. 
 
 Wallace, Cieorge S., hunter, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Walsen, Charles, lioatsteerer, Victoria. 
 
 Worreu, I'rcil, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Wells, John, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 West, James, lioatsteerer, Victoria. 
 
 Wliidifen, A. B., master of sealing vessels, Victoria, was 
 last in charge of the schooner h'osie Olsen, remaining with her 
 until she was wrecked. 
 
 White, Anthony, boatpuller, Victoria. 
 
 Whitney, B. II., master of sealing schooners, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Whyman, N., hunter schooner .li<ne.s McDonald, Victoria. 
 
 Williams, Robert, hunter, Victorin. 
 
 Wil.son, I'red, huuter, Victoria. 
 
 Wilson, George, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Winston, Grant, hunter, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Wright, H. R., Iiniiter schooner Mitinaid, Victoria. 
 
 Vouiig, John, hunter, Victoria. 
 
 Pi! 
 
MARINE MEN ENGAGED IN THE WATERS OF THE NORTHWEST. 
 
 Ask, Richard, en);iiieer, Ilallanl, Wnsli. 
 
 Abel, Clisirtes, mate and master on sniliuK vessels, .San 
 Francisco. 
 
 Abro, O. , steward, San Francisco. 
 
 Acton, Heiir^', Vancouver, R. C, fifth assistant engineer of 
 steanisliip ll'iinimoo. 
 
 Adams, Herbert, engineer. I'oit Townsend, Wash., was 
 born in Maine in I.S66. Fie came to the Pacific Coast in 1S76, 
 his first work beiuK on the steamship (•'corge 11'. Ji/i/ei; Me 
 was also chief engineer of the lVilini>i);ton when she burned 
 on the Willamette River, au<l was afterward on the steamer 
 ll'illapir. 
 
 .\lexander, John, shipbuilder, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Allen, Capt. C. E.. San Francisco, was born in Sweden in 
 1857 and began sailing out of the ports of that country in 1S71. 
 He ran in the deep-water service until 1S79, when he oanie to 
 the Pacific Coast and joined the steamship Salifttis. He snbse- 
 i|uently served as third, second and first officer on several 
 steamships of Ooodall, Perkins ^: Co's line, and about 1889 was 
 given command of the steamer I'oiiil .htnti. In 1891 he took 
 charge of the Cirsunl Cily, which he still conmiands. 
 
 Allen, Capt. James O., was born in New Jersey in 1839, 
 liegan his marine service in iSs^ on the Delaware River, was 
 afterAvard m\ various sailing vessels as seaman and mate, and 
 on the Boston and New York packets. He made a voyage to 
 the Pacific Coast in 1S56 on the ship /;"(«/»;(■« i;/" Me .SVut, but 
 returned Fast on the ship Sia .Vvnip/i. He arrived at San 
 Francisco again in it>64, but did not go north until 1S69, wht'U 
 he reached Yacpiina Hay on the schooner ll'illiiim irclaml. 
 Since that time lie has been in coniinaml of the schooners 
 /•'hiorah, Ctiiotila,.-tli(r A i 111 i<i // a\\i\ /■^iitiiia I'llrr in the coast 
 trade, and is at present running to Coos Hay and the Uinp(|ua 
 and Columbia rivers. 
 
 .\llen, Samuel W., engineer, .Seattle, Wash., is a native of 
 New York and has been engaged in the marine business for 
 eighteen years, most of the time on the Great Lakes and on 
 Pacific Coast steamers. His first work on the Sound was with 
 the steamer Cflilo in iSSS. 
 
 .\llisen, William, mate on .sailing vessels, Iihs been sailing 
 north from ,San Francisco since 18S2 and for the past four years 
 has been second mate of the bark ( '. /■'. k'niiur. 
 
 Allyn, Julius, ma.ster and pilot, Portland, Or. 
 
 Alyward, James, engineer, Portland. Or. 
 
 Ames. Capt. C. W.. is a native of Maine and came to the 
 Pacific Coast with the steamer Cily o/' Senlllr, on which he was 
 engaged for si veral years. When the Norlliwestern Steamship 
 Company was organized he was given conimand of the new 
 steamer Kosalif on the Victoria route. 
 
 Amy, Capt. A. H., Illaine, Wash., was born in ICngland in 
 1S5S and came to Victoria in 1861) on the bark S/iiYi/nv//. He 
 was employed in the coasting trade for about twenty years and 
 since iS.St) has been running sloops on the .Sound. 
 
 .Vnderson, Capt. .\., was born in Deninark ill 1S61 and 
 began sailing on tl.e Pacific Coast on the brig .■li<ii,'^i> in i.SSi. 
 He has recently been connected with the C. /.'. K'ltiiify. 
 
 Anderson, A., mate on schooner Xt-'ltir, San Francisco. 
 
 .\nderson. A., mate, was born in Sweden in 1857 and has 
 been coasting north from San Francisco since iSSj. 
 
 Anderson, A. M., engineer. Ho<|uiuni, Wash., was born in 
 Norway in i.S6j. On coining to this country he was engaged 
 for a short time on the Columbia River in iS,Si) and then went 
 to Oray's Harbor, where he entered the employ of the North- 
 western Mill Company, serving with them since as engineer on 
 their steamers. 
 
 .\iiderson, Andrew, mate on sailing vessels, was born in 
 Norway ill 1866 and has been sailing north from San Francisco 
 since 1S87. 
 
 Anderson, Anton, engineer, was born in .Sweden in iS^ji 
 and came to San I'rancisco in 1871. He went to Puget Soun<l 
 in 1875, where he worked as deckhand anil fireman on the 
 steamers lUakely, Xillif, /.,phyi, Soiih Pacific and Aliju. 
 About iSS<i he arrived on the Colninbia River, where he workeil 
 as fireman and second engineer on a numlicr of the Oregon 
 Railway & Navigation Company's boats, ami as chief engineer 
 on the steamers .llloiia, Kiimioiii and Hluood, having been on 
 the hitter for the past two years. 
 
 Anderson, C, mate on coasting vessels, Sau Francisco. 
 
 Anderson, .Anton M., engineer, Ho(|uiaiii, Wash., has been 
 engaged on the steamers Knsllo, litigui and Tyf>hooii. 
 
 Anderson, C. O., master of sailing vessels, San I'"rancisco. 
 has lieen sailing out of that |>ort since 1877. He has had coni- 
 mand of the ship Soullioii Chief, barks Mciniioii ami Sonoma. 
 and schooner JA'/ii. 
 
 Anderson, lidward, mate, San Francisco. 
 
 .Anderson, Frank, mate on sailing vessels, began on the 
 Pacific Coast in 18.S3 and has since sailed on a number of well 
 known coasters. 
 
 Anderson, Frank, male, was born at sea in 1S51 on a pilot 
 schooner in the (iulf of Dothnia. He came to the Pacific Coast 
 in 1S64 and has been coasting north most of the time since. 
 He was for eleven years mate on the bark Tic/ii/ Wmv, and has 
 recently been connected with the bark Mt-iriiiy in the same 
 capacity. 
 
 Anderson, Harry R., .San Francisco, steamship purser, has 
 been employed on the ^■Inii^ti ,-ind .hrnia on the Coos Hay route 
 for the past two years. 
 
 Anderson, Capt. J., was born in Norway in 1S68, coin- 
 ineiice<l sailing out of San Francisco in 18.S5, and is at present 
 master of the schooner Thocsa. 
 
 .Anderson, J. J., mate, Portland, Or. 
 
 Anderson, J. W., engineer, was born in Sweden in 1S57 
 and learned his trade in the old country, cinning to the Pacific 
 Coast (ui the steamship Stiii/a A't'sn in itS8j. On arrival he 
 spent two years on a whaling expedition to the .Arctic, joining 
 the steamship Ci/y i</ I'licbla on bis return, where he remained 
 three years as first assistant. He then joined the steamship 
 Casf>iir as chief for a few months, leaving her to accept a 
 position on shore with the Merchants' Cold Storage Company. 
 
 Anderson, James, purser in the service of tfie Columbia S; 
 Kootenai Steam Navigation Company, Nelson, H. C. 
 
 .Anderson, John, engineer, has been on the Cnliiinbia River 
 since 1864, where he began on the steamer Spiay with Capt. 
 J. H. I). I'lray. In i,S65 he was oil the Nc: i\tci- Chief \s\\.\\ 
 Capt. Charles Fclton, and in iShfi on the Yakima with Capt. 
 v.. v. Coe. lie coiitiiiue<l running on all of the .steamers of 
 the Oregon Steam Navigation Company's fleet in connection 
 with Captains .Stump, Holmes, Sampson, Pingston, Troup. 
 Wilson, Itaughinan ami olhers. He is at present engineer on 
 the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company's boats running 
 out of Portland. 
 
 .Anderson, John, master, Seattle, Wash., was born in Nor- 
 way in 1.S55 ami has been engaged ill steamboating on Puget 
 .Sound since i,S,S,S, 
 
 .Anderson, John, surfnian life-saving station, Handoii, Or. 
 
 .Anderson, John .Alfred, mate on sailing vessels in the 
 coasting trade, has been sailing out of San Francisco since i,S,S6. 
 
 .Anderson, Capt. K., San Francisco, was born in Norway in 
 1.S47 and coniineiiced coasting out of San F'rancisco in 1880. 
 lie was first in coniinand of the schooner Amethyst, going 
 from her to the I'linka, .llhiaii. May llowir, .lliiiia aiul 
 ihion, and is still in ooinniantl of the latter. 
 
 Anderson, .\I., mate of sailing vessels, has been coasting 
 north from .Sail I'rancisco since 1S84. He has recently been 
 engaged on the C. A'. A'tti/icy. 
 
 .Anilerson, M., mate of the barkentine C. C Fiiiik, .San 
 I'ranci.sco. 
 
 Anderson. Max, mate on sailing vessels, ,San I'rancisco. 
 
 Anderson, Olof !!., master and pilot, Seattle, Wash., has 
 been steamboating on the Souinl since iS.S<). and recently has 
 had charge of the tjiiickstcf* on I,ake Washington. 
 
 Amlerson, Olof mate, was born in Norway in 1S60 ami 
 came to the Pacific Coast on the .S(';h/«ii/( in 1.S71. On arrival 
 he beg.'iii running coastwise, since then has run as mate on the 
 /imiaiiza. Hatha Polhiei , Tait'ot, Levi (.. /•'«;.!,' I'.tt, Ivy and 
 Louise, and is now sailing in that capacity on the latter vessel. 
 
 .Anderson, Peter, engineer, was born in Denmark in 1S61 
 and came to tile United States in 187.S, He serveil on .Atlantic 
 steamers until 1S.S2, when he came to the Pacific Coa.st. Ik- 
 was first engaged on the steamer Sanlimyx as fireman, was next 
 first assistant on the Coos Hay, then served on a tugboat of the 
 Red .Stack line for ten years, ami is at present chief of the tug 
 Active. 
 
 Anderson, ,Swan, ferryman, I'ir, Wa.sli., was formerly with 
 the steamers .Skaj;it Chief and (Hide. 
 
Marine Men Engaged in fhe Waters of the Northwest 
 
 459 
 
 Anileraon, Peter, mate, Victoria, It. C. 
 
 Aimer, Allwrl, iiialf, Seattle, Wasli. 
 
 Apolloii, Kdgar, steward, Sar. I'Vaiicisro. 
 
 Arlmckle, Matthew, engineer, Victoria. II. C. 
 
 Ardeiitlel, R. A., first oficcr steamship Wanimoo. 
 
 Arey, Cupt. T. R., I'ort Ilaillock, Wash., Iiegan sailiiiK ill 
 the coastiiiK trade in I.S65 and is at present master of the 
 liarkciitiney. -'/. liiiffilh. 
 
 ArfT, Pred, master of the scliooner Maid of OiUaiis, has 
 been sailing out of San I'raii^isco since 1S7S. 
 
 ArfT, Capt. I'reil '1'., Aherdeeii, Wasli. 
 
 ArmslroiiK. J. I'., enKincer, Wenalcliie, Wash., commenced 
 steamiKiatiiix on I'lifjet Sound in i,s,S9. lie has served on the 
 steamers /Iminr. /ola, II ii.vro, Maiin-. .Ilia and Tolo, and in 
 1X9^ went to tile upper Cohimbia. where lie has since been 
 eiiKaxed on the steamers t';7i' i>/ /illeiishiiit; anil 7". /. . A'/ro/;. 
 
 Ashworth, Rirhird, engineer, Snohoinish, Wash., was first 
 engaKed in the Northwest in iSH,^ on the steamer lift', lie has 
 recently been running on the steamer Kallicriiu: 
 
 Asniusseu, M., mate, was born in Cermany in 1S69 and has 
 been sailiiiK north from San I'rancisco for seven years, most of 
 the time on lumber vessels. I le has recently been engaged on 
 the Siidif. 
 
 Astredo, J. C, purser, I'ort Townsend, Wash., is a native of 
 San I'rancisco and has been running north on coasting steam- 
 ships since 1885. He was purser on the steamship Idaho when 
 she was lost on Race Rocks. 
 
 Austin, Harry J., purser steameryouw, Victoria, B. C. 
 
 .Vverill, W. C, ship-carpenter, was born in Maine in 1.S14 
 and licgan working at his traile in the Northwest in |8<>7. Av 
 died at Steilacoom in 1894. 
 
 Axelson, Capt. Charles, Nanaimo, R. C. 
 
 Babbe, Capt. Krank, Arlington, Or., was born in dermany 
 in 1862. On coming to the I'acific Coast he was engaged un'il 
 1885 on sailing vessels out of San rrarcisco. then went to the 
 upper Columbia, and for several years has had charge of the 
 ferry steamer .■llkali at .Arlington. 
 
 Ilalibidge, Capt. Wilbur W., was born in Astoria in 1S71. 
 His first steaiuboatiiig was on the Dixit' 'i'/ioniftsott in 18S6, and 
 he has .since had cominand of the Lily of .htoiio. A'. Milii, 
 (iiiitf, Alaim and Hlfcltii, being a part owner in the la'S'r 
 steamer. He is a son of Capt. Jolin W. Habbiilge an<l » 
 thorough steaniboatmau. 
 
 Dabbingtoii, Capt. James Hoyle. Vancouver, H. C, was born 
 in Ireland in 1841 and conimenced his marine service at Liver- 
 pool, Kngland. lie ran for several years on sailing vessels and 
 was then for ten years chief ollioer in the Inmaii line. Return- 
 ing to sailing vessels, he was four years master iu the African 
 trade, and a similar length of time in the China and San l-'ran- 
 cisco traflic. He came to Hurrard's Inlet in 18S6 and purchased 
 a tug, which he is still operating. 
 
 Babbington, Capt. Thomas, Victoria, H. C, was born in 
 Liverpool, Kngland, in 1846. He li.ts been coiitieiled with the 
 marine business for thirty-two years and was for several years 
 pilot of deep-water ships iu the Victoria district. 
 
 Habcock, James, mate. New Westniinsler, H. C, was born 
 in Newfouuillaiid iu 1865 and has been engaged iu British 
 Columbia waters since 1887. 
 
 Baldwin, W. I,., engineer, Ballard, Wash. 
 Bale, A. J., mate, Ciig Harbor, Wash. 
 Ball, C. 1)., master anil pilot. Tacinii;!, Wash. 
 Ballard, W. I,., pursei, 'raconia. Wash. 
 Balmanno, Andrew, mate and pilot, was born iu (leneva, 
 N. v., in 1840. He enlerid the einplny of the (Jrcgon .Steam 
 Navigation Company in 1872, ran on their steamers for several 
 years, was mate on the .^ .o%ho»t\ and was with her when she 
 came over the Ca^iail s. He is now living in I'nrtland. 
 
 Banks, Henry, engiii.'er, was born in London in 1.S53 and 
 came to the racitic Coast of the steamship ./Ari.v/vm in 1887. 
 On arrival he joined the tug . Ilixaiidi'i; on which he served for 
 two and a halt years. He was afterward second engineer on the 
 hahel and served on a miniber of other well known British 
 Columbia .steamers. He has recently been engaged on the 
 I'.aiie. 
 
 Barey, Capt. John J., .^^cttttle, Wash. 
 
 Barlow, Capt. ("icorgc W., Taconia, Wash., was born in 
 Michigan in 1842. He w.is first intereslcd in sleamboating on 
 Ihe Ciilnnibia River mi the steamers /uii;/i; A'liwi,"'', U'en/ool 
 and Wash •>; Ion. He has also run 011 the slettmer.< /i/ica 
 . IndersOH, L i/y of (Juiiuy and /niiliv (uxhtil. and is at present 
 on the Skai;il Cliiif. 
 
 Barrett, John, Victoria. B C . now of Ihe British American 
 Canning Company, was formerly iu the fishery and murine 
 service. 
 
 Bamason, Capt. John, ship broker, Port Townsend, Wash. 
 
 Barnea, Walter, steward steaiiuhip Comox, Vaneonver, B. C. 
 
 Barry, Capt. John J., Victoria, B. C, was born in New- 
 foundland in i8j8 and came to Victoria in i,S86. Por the |iast 
 two and a half years he has lieeii master of the steamer Sadii: 
 
 Bash, William, shipping commissioner, I'ort Townsend, 
 Wash. 
 
 Bates, Frcnk S., secretary of the Washington Board of Pilot 
 Commissioners, Ilwaco, Wash. 
 
 Baxter, Rot>ert, engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Beale, Henry I)., engineer, New Westminster, B. C. 
 
 Beaniis, E. P., purser steamship Columbia, San l-'runcisco. 
 
 Beard, Capt. Albert K , was born in Council Bliilfs, Iowa, in 
 1857. He came to the Columbia Ri%er in 1874, liegan running 
 on small steamers out of Astoria, and since then has tieeii 
 employed on nearly all of the small steamers running out of 
 that port. He served lor five years on the lilicliii; and was 
 also for a long time on the .•frxoiiaul, Chinook and Edilh. 
 
 Beaton, W., mate, San l''rancisco. 
 
 Beck, Capt. il., was born in Denmark in 184,^ and came to 
 the Pacifir Coast in 1866. In 1.868 he was muster of the schooner 
 l.i::ie Adams, He hail charge of the sealing schooner 
 Sevenly-six in 1873, has since wen connected with various 
 steamers, and is at present master and part owner of the 
 
 Beck, Capt. J. C, was born in Denmark in 1841 and came 
 to the Pacific Coast in 1870. He has been muster of coasting 
 vessels for over twenty years, during the la.st three of which he 
 has had charge of the schooner MoHteny. 
 
 Beebe, Charles p., Portland, agent for Sutton & Reebe's 
 dispatch line of sailing ves.sels between Portland S: New Vork. 
 
 Beethani, !•;., second officer Kniforss of Japan, \ancouver, 
 B. C. 
 
 Behrens, H., master of .sailing vessels, has been sailing on 
 the Piicific Coast since 1869. 
 
 Bell, ("leorge W., ma.ster and pilot, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Bellamore, C. I,., engineer, .Seattle, Wash., was lioru in 
 Michigan in 1854 and comnienced his marine career on the 
 Great Lukes. He came to Seattle in 1889 and joined the tug 
 .S'. '.. .l/.-Ji/(V^ as chief lor two years. He al'lerward served in 
 the same capacity on the A'. /'. Elmort- of .Astoria for a year, 
 on the Rainier of Seattle for the same length of time, and is at 
 present second assistant on the whaleback Cily of iii't-itil, 
 
 Bellew, J. W., engineer, was born in Missouri in 1861 and 
 commenced steanilioating on the Clatsofi Chiif o\\ the Wil- 
 lamette ir. i:>82. His first position as chief engineer was with 
 the A'amona, and he has since been engaged on the .Maria, 
 Salim and Altona. 
 
 Belloir, Oeorge M., engineer, Olynipia, Wash., was born 
 in New York in 1850. He has been .steamlioating on I'uget 
 .Sound for several years, most of the time in the enipliiy of the 
 Willey Steamboat Company. 
 
 Beudegard, M., muster, t)aklanil, Cal., was born in Den- 
 mark and lias followed the marine business for thirty-si.x years 
 He was first connected with the schooner Ci;(ii/;«(' and is at 
 present master of the steamer Signal. 
 
 Benhani, Capt. .Arthur. Hoi|uiam, Wash , was born in Min- 
 nesota in 1.S66 and has liecn steumboating oil dray's Harbor 
 for the past six years. 
 
 Beuneclie, (). 1*'., mate, was born in Norway in 1.S62 and 
 has been sailing out of San I'rancisi'o since 1879, most of 
 the time on vessels in the coasting trade. 
 
 Bennett, J. J. mate and master of sailing vessels, was born 
 iu Maine in 185^. He has been engaged on the I'acific Coast 
 since |8,S6, and was nuuster of the sliip /iriuson in 1.89^ when 
 she was lost .'it Barclay Sound. He has recently been run- 
 ning as first ollicer on the bark (Ue.non. 
 
 Bennett, Capt. John T., Oak Hay, A'ictoria, B. C, a retired 
 muster mariner, was born at St. Stephen, N. B., in i8.vs. and 
 began sailing out of St. John's iu 1,85 v He has followed the 
 sea but little in the Northwest. 
 
 Bennett, Richard, shipbuilder, Victoria, 11. C. 
 
 Benson. Oeorge K., mute, Srohomish, Wash. 
 
 llergnian, Capt. Charles }•',., I'^vcrett, Wash., was born in 
 Sweden in 1855. He has been steaiuboatiiig on I'liget Sound 
 since 1879, and is at present in charge of the Mikado. 
 
 Berlie, Frank, mate on sailing vessels, has been rnuiiiiig 
 out of San Francisco since 1877. 
 
 Berry. Charlen Cordon, chief engineer of steainsliip Cnlth, 
 Vancouver, B. C, was born in Scollaml in i8,';9 and has been 
 connected with the marine business in various part.i of the 
 world for twenty years. 
 
 Bertranil, .A. M., Portland, Or., mate on river sleamers, 
 was born in Butteville, Or., ill I.S.sv 
 
46o 
 
 Lewia <f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Bertelsen, Morris, mate, has been coastinf; north from San 
 Francisco for twenty years, and has recently lieeu engaged on 
 tlie barkentine North Bend. 
 
 Bessing, J. J., engineer, was l>orn in France in iSjj, and 
 came to the Pacific Coast in 1875. He was machinist on the 
 Unite<l States steamer Hassler for three years and was after- 
 ward on the Sanla Kosa as oiler, water-tender and third and 
 second assistant. He 8ul>9e<|uently served as first assistant on 
 the Crescent Ciiy, Afartinan' and Excelsior, oaA as chief on 
 the Noyo and Lakme. He resides at Berkeley, Cal. 
 
 Bctts, W. A., river pilot, Portland, Or. 
 
 Beutzien, Capt. Charles, master of dredge j-lnacondn, Ta- 
 conia, has been engaged with the Bowers Dredge Company for 
 the past six years. 
 
 Bierseth, Nicholas, engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Biggs, Albert E., engineer, Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 New Brunswick in 1864. He commenced his murine work in 
 the Northwest on the steamship Ancon in 188H and was after- 
 ward on the Evangel, Willapa, and a number of other well 
 known steamers. 
 
 Billings, Grant, engineer, Olynipia, Wash. 
 
 Binns, S. C, assistant purser of steamship ^Empress 0/ 
 India, Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 Bird, Edward, engineer, began his marine career on the 
 Pacific Coast in 1875 after working four years at the Ris<lon 
 Iron Works, San Francisco. He served in various capacities 
 on the steamships Orizaba, Idaho and State 0/ California until 
 iH8a, when he leceived his license and joined the tug /sV/tW 
 and Jt/anon as chief engineer. He was chief of two or three 
 other tuglioats and then remained ashore for about four years, 
 wheu he went back to the water as first assistant on the Cclia, 
 Cosinopofis, Westpoit, Arago and Navarro. He was chief of 
 the !atter vessel for a short time and about a year ii^o was 
 appointed to the same position on the Newsioy, in which 
 capacity he is still running. 
 
 Bird, F. W., engineer, Seattle, was born in New York in 
 1848 and began steamboating in the Northwest on the Afariii 
 lyUkins. After leaving the Columbia River he followed his 
 profession as engineer on a number of Puget Sound steamers 
 
 Birkenshaw, Ceorge V., engineer, was born in England in 
 1856. He came to San Francisco in 1876 and has since been 
 engaged on steamers running coastwise and on tugboats on 
 Shoalwater Bay and Gray's Harbor. He has served on the tugs 
 Hunter, Astoria, Cruiser and steamer South Jieiid, and has 
 recently been employed on the steamship George II'. Elder. 
 Before coming to the Pacific Coast he ran for two years lietween 
 New York and Liverpool. 
 
 Bishop, Harry F., purser, was born in England in 1860 and 
 has been steamboating in the Northwest since 1880. His first 
 service was with the Cassiar, which he left in 1881 to enter the 
 employ of Captain Irving, with whom he has remained contin- 
 uously for nearly fifteen years, serving as purser on all of the 
 steamers owned by the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company. 
 
 Bishop, F. E. J., steward of steamship Tacoma, Taconin, 
 Wash. 
 
 Bisset, David C, steward of Empress of China, Vancouver, 
 B. C. 
 
 Bittel, John, mate on sailing vessels, commenced coasting 
 north from San Francisco on the bark kival in 1876. He has 
 recently Ijeen engaged on the schooner Theresa. 
 
 Bjorn, Capt. E., was born in Denmark in 1852 and began 
 sailing on the Pacific Coast about 1875 He ran as seaman on 
 a number of well known coasters and as mate on the schooners 
 Dashing Ifave, Liberia, Twilight, Ida Snow and C. /.'. //ay- 
 H'ord. He was then appointed master of the schooner 
 Enterprise, which was lost off Crescent City in 1883, and has 
 since commanded the schooners Howard, I ega, General /tan- 
 ning, /.aura Afadison, the bark Aferom, and the four-masted 
 schooner Meteor, of which he still has charge. 
 
 Black, Edwin C San Francisco, engineer of '"nited States 
 lighthouse tender Madrona. 
 
 Blackett, Capt. J. C, was born in Nova Scotia in 1827. 
 His first marine business was in the Newfoundland trade. He 
 came to the Pacific Coast about thirteen years ago, but has 
 engaged but little in the business since his arrival. lie raised 
 and repaired the bark Connaught, wrecked in Victoria harbor, 
 and was also interested in the steam schooner Triumph. At 
 present he is engaged in mining at Jervin Inlet, B. C. 
 
 Blackwood, E. E., agent of Puget Sound & Alaska Steam- 
 ship Company, Victoria, B. C. 
 
 Blackwood, Frank E., engineer, Portland, Or. 
 
 Blair, Tudor G., engineer, was born in Gardiner, Me., and 
 commenced steamboating on the Ella ll'hile in 1883. He was 
 afterward engaged on the steamers /lelle, J.eonora, .Senator, 
 North hici/ic, Olympian, Hassalo, Siagit Chief, CilyofSeallte, 
 /'.dilh and otl.ers. He retired f.om the water in 1.S94 to accept 
 
 a position with the Seattle Water Works, and died suddenly a 
 few months later. 
 
 Blanch, A. J., mate on sailing vessels, has been running 
 north from San Francisco for twenty years. 
 
 Blanchard, H. D., purser, was born in Vancouver, Wash., 
 in 1S66. He has been in tlie employ of the Oregon Railway & 
 Navigation Company on the Columbia River and Puget Sonml 
 for ten years, and has recently been engaged on the Willamette 
 River boats. 
 
 Blekum, E., mate on Sound steamers, .Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Blekuni, Harold, nia.ster, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Bliun, W. P., engineer, Port Townsend, was born in New 
 York in 1858. His first marine work on the Pacific Coast was 
 on the steamship ll'alla U'allii, and he was afterward on the 
 steamship yietoria when she was wrecked. He is at present 
 chief engineer of the tug A'ichard Holyoke. 
 
 Bliss, Arthur, engineer, Tacoma, Wash., was born in 
 Cleveland, Ohio, in 1865. His first marine service in the North- 
 west was on the Puget Sound steamer Gypsy Queen in 1886, 
 and he w.'is subsei|uently engaged on the Messenger, Otter, 
 Glide and a number of other steamers. 
 
 Bliss, M. J., purser, Portland, Or. 
 
 Bloomsbury, J. W., engineer, Tacoma, Wash., was born in 
 New Jersey in 1H64. His first Puget .Sound .steanilioatiiig was 
 on the Goliah. He was afterward on the Clara /Irown and a 
 number of other steamers. 
 
 Bloor, Arthur J., engineer, Victoria, B. C, was born in 
 England in 18611 and has been steamboating at Victoria since 
 1884, where he began on the l^ottie. 
 
 Blulini, Gus, mate and master of sailing vessels, was born 
 in Germany in 1848. For the past few months he has been 
 mate of the barkentine Omega. 
 
 Hodman, Charles H., engineer, was born in Reading, Ohio, 
 in 1850, and died at Spokane, Wash., I'diruary 9, 1894. He 
 was for many years one of the best known engineers in the 
 service of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company and followed 
 his profession on Piiget Sound and the Snake, Willametto and 
 Columbia rivers. 
 
 Bolgtr, John, mate on sailing vessels, Victoria, B. C. 
 
 DoUes, Capt. Frederick. In sketch on page 134, latter part 
 of ninth line, should read ; " longer than two nights at sea on 
 the up trip" instead of "one night at .sea on the down trip." 
 
 Bollong, Capt. John S., was born in Boston in lS6<). He 
 sailed on tlic .\tl.iiitic Coast until 18S7, when he came to I'nget 
 Sound anil joined the steamer /\ainier He was afterward on 
 the tugs (.'«<■<■« Cily and /)is(overy, and in September, 1891, 
 took coniinand of the tug Tacoma, where he still remains. 
 
 Bone, P., iiia.ster and pilot, was liorn in Denmark. He 
 liegan his marine service in the old country, but came to the 
 Pacific Coast ill 1867 and joined the steamship J'acific as 
 seaman, running on her and the steamship /'elican. Captain 
 Carroll, for more than two years. He then went on the tug 
 Fannie, and in 1S74 was mate on the tug Mary Ann on 
 Humboldt Hay. He entered the HumboMt bar service, ami 
 remained there until 1S90, when he accented his present posi- 
 tion as male and pilot on the steamship Humboldt. 
 
 Hone, Stanley, electrical engineer of Canadian Pacific 
 Railway Company's steamship Empress of China. 
 
 Bosselman, John, steward, San Francisco. 
 
 Bosworlh, F. S., master and marine surveyor, Porilaiid, Or. 
 
 Houghton, Capt. J., Ciuur d'Alene, Idaho, was born in Wis- 
 consin in 1861 -uid worked for a short lime on the Mississippi 
 River. He came to Cd'ur d'Alene in 1883 and is at present 
 master and owner of the steam launch Edna. 
 
 Bourne, Ulysses, engineer, was born in Marin County, Cal., 
 in 1870 and is at present engaged on the .steamer /Itta /!. 
 
 Howden, Capt. C. E., was born in New Zealand in 1854. 
 He sailed out of .Vustralian ports for a few years and in 1S75 
 came to Puget Sound, working on several of the small steamers. 
 He has for the past few years been master of the /.. J. i'errr. 
 
 Howden, R., second mate on sailing vessels, was born in 
 England in 1855. He has been in service on the Pacific Coast 
 since 1886 and for the past three years has been engaged on the 
 /Sundaleer, and on the ll'achussclt with Captain Williams. 
 
 Howcn, C. A., engineer, was born in Wisconsin. He has 
 been on the Sound twenty- four years, where he began running 
 on the old Chehalis. Since that time he has been connected 
 with a number of steamers and at present is on the Mascolle. 
 
 Boyil, Harry C, was liorn in New York in 185(1. He ran as 
 purser and pilot on the Willamette River on all of the steamers 
 of the Willamette Locks & Transportation Company from 1872 
 to 1876, He retired from steamljoating many years ago and 
 is now in the insurance b.isiness in San I'"raiicisco. 
 
 Boyd, John J., mate of sailing vessels, was born in Maine 
 in 1858. He has Iieeii coasting north from San Francisco since 
 1875 and has recently lieen engaged on the ship l.ouis ll'alsh. 
 
Marine Men Engaged in the Waters of the Northwest 
 
 461 
 
 Boydeii, William, eiiKineer, Brooklyn, Wash., was born in 
 Vermont in 1848. His first work on PiiKet Sound was on the 
 steamer Phaiilom in 1884, and he has since been engaged on a 
 number of small steamers, among tbeni the steam schooner Leo 
 and the Haftid Transit. 
 
 no/.orth, Milton B., ticket agent of the Oregon Railway & 
 Navigation Company, Astoria, Ur, 
 
 Bradrord, William, mate and pilot, Tacoma, Wash, 
 
 Brandt, H., stewaril, San Krancisco. 
 
 Brandow, J. H., pilot on steamer City of Kingston, Tacoma, 
 Wash. 
 
 Brant, Harry, mate on coasting schooners, resides at 
 Gardiner, Or. He was mate on the schooner ISobolink wheu 
 she was wrecked. 
 
 Brnzee, Albert L., engineer, was born in Washington in 
 i,S62. He has been connected with a number of small steamers 
 on the Willamette ami Columbia rivers since 18S0 and has 
 recently been employed on the lli.tinairk. 
 
 Breen, Robert, Bandon, Or., surfman at life-saving station. 
 
 Bremner, E. I*., engineer, Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 Brcnnan, Capt. J., was liorn in New Haven, Conn., in 1848, 
 and commenced coasting on Long Island Sound when a boy. 
 He came to the Pacific Coast in i8b6 as seaman on the b.irk 
 A'ival and in 1874 was mate on the brig Hidalgo. He was 
 master of the brig Tanneim 1S75 and has since served in the 
 same capacity on the barkentiue Milaiuilion, brig //'. //. 
 Afnrrs, bark Hciiiy Utiik, ships Palestine and Alaska, and for 
 the past two years has been master of the schooner C. H. 
 Manhant. 
 
 Brennan, William, master, Victoria, B. C, was l)orn in 
 Hiigland in 1854 and came to British Columbia in 1886. 
 
 Bridgeman, Capt. \\. C, Vancouver, B. C, was born in 
 Iviigland in iS.|6. He sailed in deep-water ships until 1882, 
 when he coninienced steamboating un Puget Sound. He has 
 since been eugageil on several well known steamers there and 
 in British Columbia waters, and has recently' had charge of the 
 lug Mamie. 
 
 Uriggs. Albert J , ticket agent of the Canadian P.icific Navi- 
 gation Company, Victoria, B. C, was born in Kingston, 
 Ontario, in 1S45. He commenced steamboating on the R. /'. 
 h'illul in 18S2, running as purser on the Kraser River and 
 Victoria routes for four years, and has also served on the 
 steamers linlei prise, /'linass /.oiii.se and Western Slof>r. 
 
 B.iggs, Thomas Iv., agent of the Canadian Pacific Naviga- 
 tion Company, New Westminster, H. C, was born in Kingston, 
 Ontario, in 18(9 He was interested with Capt John Irving in 
 the purchase of the steamer Wilson (•'. HunI, and has acted as 
 agent for the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company since its 
 nrgani/ation. 
 
 Brock, Capt. Kugene U., was born at Rock Island, Or., and 
 has been steamboating since 1867, his first command being the 
 steamer Katata, running from Astoria to Skipanon. He is at 
 present living at Astoria. 
 
 Brokaw, Oilbert H., San I'raucisco, inaslerof tug Alert. 
 
 Hrown. Alexander K., wharfinger at I'.ie outer wharf, \*ic- 
 loria, B. C, was born in I'inland in 18=6 and began sailing on 
 this coast out of San l-'rancisco in tlie (heat tl'estetn in 1878. 
 He retired from the water several years ago. 
 
 Brown, Capt. Charles, was norn in Germany in 1840. He 
 came to .San l-'raticisco in 1859 autl has been steadily engaged 
 in the coasting Ir.ide since, with the exception of occasional 
 trips to .Australia and other foreign pints. He h.-is been master 
 since 1870, and has had charge of the brig II illaiiiet/e, hark 
 r/ii; (I A'. .S"h/;7, schooners CrCi/// /'earl, Ij'ndaiinled, Hoholink, 
 Eureka, /htisy Kowe, J. C. Ford iiiu\ Del Xoile, on the latter 
 of which he is at present. 
 
 Brown, Douglas, mate of tug Lome, Victoria, B. C. 
 
 lirown, George J., engineer, was born in California in 1858. 
 He commenced steainboatinL' jii the Emma //ay'eard on the 
 Columbia River in 1S7S, ' -■ , . .Terent capacities on 
 
 nearlv all the steamer-; „.. m^ ,i>er. At present he is living at 
 The Dalles Or. 
 
 Brown. H., male on sailing vessels, was born in Sweden in 
 i8|9 anil came to the Pacific Coast in 1873. He has run as 
 male and inaster on a number of well known coasters and for 
 the past six vears has been mate on the schooner diaries E. 
 Ealk. 
 
 Brown, Capt. J. A., stevedore, Portlh'id, Or. 
 
 Brown, James W. , engineer, Marshfield, Or., was born in 
 .Scotland in 1S58. He commenced his marine service on the 
 steaniery//«(», where he remained as engineer for eight years. 
 He was afterward in the same capacity on the tug A'atie Cook, 
 steamers .Innie, Ceres, Comet and others, and has recently 
 been engaged on the tug Tonqiiin. He has held an engineer's 
 license for nineteen years. 
 
 Brown, Capt. John, keeper of the North Cove Life-saving 
 Station, was Imrn in Norway in liy). On coming to this 
 country he began steamboating on the Okanogan aniT Tenino, 
 remaining on the river until 1872, when he went to Shoalwater 
 Bay and with a plunger carried the mail four years lietween 
 Oysterville, North Cove and Willapa. He afterward was 
 master of the steamers .Vdw//; /lend, Harfield and Montesano, 
 with which he carried the mail for seven years. He was given 
 charge of the life-saving station in 1884 and has rendered 
 assistance in fourteen cases of shipwreck. 
 
 Brown, Justus, chief engineer, San Francisco, was born in 
 Watertown, New Vork, in 1838. He came to the Pacific Coast 
 in 1861 and joined the steamer /Irot/ier Jonat/iau, with which 
 he ran north for three years, leaving her to go on the New 
 World for a year. He was afterward coiiiKcted with the 
 steamers Antelope, Cornelia, Enterprise, J ilia, Amador and 
 City of .Stockton, serving as chief of the latter for eight years. 
 He then alternated for six years with the /ifary darratt and 
 W alter, after which he ran south for a year on the steamsbip> 
 Senator. He is at present engaged on the Captain Weber, and 
 has held an engineer'" license for twenty-four years. 
 
 Brown, P. A., master and pilot, Seattle, Wash., has been 
 engaged on I'uget Sound since 1884. 
 
 Brown, Capt. R. S., was born in Bni^land in 1849. He 
 began sailing on the Pacific Coast on the 1 fig Tanner, of which 
 he had been master for seven years. He Has also coinmanded 
 various other vessels on the coast. 
 
 Brown, W. A., engineer, was born in Boston in 1833 and 
 liegaii sailing between Atlantic Coast and European ports. In 
 1,855 I's came to the Pacific Coast on the .ship /''earless, making 
 the passage in 124 days. On reaching San I''rancisco he shipped 
 on the schooner Rising .Sun for a short time, but soon left 
 her and joined the steamship /fumlioldt, where he remained 
 eighteen months. Hs next went on the steamer (iotden dale 
 on a wrecking expedition lastirg four months. In 1,865 he 
 designed and placed the machinery of the steamer Redmond, 
 and afterward worked several years on shore for the Spring 
 Valley Water Works. .Several years ago he bougl- 1 tne steamer 
 J/;///'' and has since run her as a towboat, ser ing on her as 
 engineer. 
 
 Brownfield, C. H., engineer, .Seattle, Wash., begun steam- 
 boating on the Addie on Puget Sound in 1877, and has since 
 been connected with a •lumlier of well known vessels on the 
 .Sound. He has recently been engaged on the steamer Waseo. 
 
 Brownlie, A., engineer, Victoria, B. C, has been engaged 
 oil the steamers of the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company 
 since 1883. 
 
 Brownson, Charles, engineer, Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 Bruce, W. E., master and pilot, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Brunger, Daniel G., master and pilot, Portland, Or. 
 
 Brunger, Prank, engineer, Portland, Or. 
 
 Brnnn, Simon, master of steamer Edit/i E.. Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Brunner, Robert R., San p'rancisco, master of schooner 
 //. C. Wright. 
 
 Bruun, Capt. P., Sealtle, Wash., was born in Denmark in 
 1837. He came to San P'rancisco on a sailing vessel in 1.S58 
 and engaged in steamboating on the .Sacri-.mento River uniil 
 1879. when he came to the .Sound and joined the Fanny /.ake. 
 He has since been connected with a number of small vessels 
 around the Sound, the last being the steamer Wasp. 
 
 Brydsen, .Mbert, engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Bnehanon. Capt. Duncan, San I'raiicisco, was born in 
 England in 1846 and has been on the Pacific Coa.st for about 
 thirteen years. 
 
 Huckard, N., mate, was born in St. John's, New Drunswiek, 
 in 1.S53, and has been sailing out of San Francisco at intervals 
 for nearly twenty years. 
 
 Bndlong, Capt. George R., was born ill New Vork in 1,850 
 and came to Puget Sound in 1870. He has had no connection 
 with merchant vessels, but has run a number of sleani yachts 
 and pleasure boats around Puget Sound. He is proprietor of a 
 boat-house at Seattle. 
 
 Bull, Kniid, mate and master, was born in Norway in 1859. 
 He has been steamboating in the Northwest since i.S,S6, serving 
 on the steamers Traveler, A/onte'ano, A/onntain /Inek, Cruiser, 
 .Astoria, Afendell, /Iwaeo and A*. /'. Elmore. 
 
 Bnllene, Everett, engineer, was born in New Vork in 1861 
 and came to the Pacific Coast about 1877. He ran for a long 
 time in the employ of the Pacific Mail Steam.ship Company, first 
 as oiler on the sidewheeler /Jakota running north, and afterward 
 in the China trade. He is at present living in .San Pranciser 
 
 Bnllene, Capt. H. H., was born in Port Gamble, Wash., in 
 1868, and, like a large luimber of native Puget Sound marine 
 men, commenced his career on the /. />'. /.ibl>y. He was after- 
 ward in tile service of the Oregon Railway .V. Navi.jation Com- 
 pany for five years on the steamers Hassalo, Emma //ayivard 
 
462 
 
 Lewi$ 4 Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Sehome, T.J. roller and North Pacific. He took the steamer 
 George E. Starr to Astoria, and while on the Columbia River 
 engaged for a short time on the steamers Toledo and Northwest. 
 Returning to the Sound, he engaged with the State of U^ash- 
 ingtoH and Success, and recently had command of the steamer 
 Michigan. In addition to his work ou the Sound, Captaiu 
 Bullene has also l>een engaged on steamers running to Alaska 
 and Mexico. 
 
 Bullock, Robert, mate, Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 Bunton, John, ship-carpenter, Portland, Or, 
 
 Burgess, Henry, eighth assistant engineer on the Empress 
 of China. 
 
 Burgess, James, chief engineer of steamship Warrimoo, 
 Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 Burke, Peter, steward of bark C. B. Kenney, has been run- 
 ning in the north coast trade for twenty-two years. He was for 
 several years on the San Francisco and Puget Sound steamers. 
 
 Burnbam, A. J., pilot, South Bend, Wash., was born in 
 Maine in 1846. He followed the deep-water service until 1889, 
 when he came to Shoalwater Bay, where he has served ou the 
 City of Astoria, Alarm, Cruiser and Edgar. 
 
 Burns, James, mate ou steamer City of Kingston, Tacoma, 
 Wash. 
 
 Burns, John, engineer of Bowers Dredge Company, Port- 
 land, Or. 
 
 Burns, Capt. Patrick, Seattle, Wash., has been steamboating 
 on Puget Sound since 1884, and for the past few years has been 
 ill the employ of the Pacific Navigation Company. 
 
 Burrell, Theodore, engineer ou steamer Delta, Seattle, 
 Wash. 
 
 Burrows, Capt. E. J., Vaquina, Or,, was born in England in 
 1864 and has been steamboating on Yaquina Bay since 1882, 
 most of the time in charge of .small launches. 
 
 Burt, C. H., engineer, Seattle, Wash., was born in New 
 York in 1867. He commenced steamboating on the Columbia 
 River in 1884 and for the past few years has been engineer on 
 the steamer Hreyhoiind. 
 
 Bushnell, Capt. William E. In explanation of statement 
 regarding first license on Puget Sounil, in sketch printed on 
 page 85 : This license '^as issued to Captain Bushnell July 14, 
 i860, by O. A. Pitfiel:', United States supervising inspector of 
 steam vessels in the >lislrict of New Orleans, which at that date 
 included the Pacific Northwest. Mr. Pitfield was on a tour of 
 inspection and visited Puget Sound, and while on board the 
 steameryH//(i, with which Captain Bushnell was carrying the 
 mail under the Scranton contract, made out the license on the 
 date nientione<l. 
 
 Butcher, Pred, engineer. Port Townsend, Wash., was horn 
 in Seabeck, Wash., in 1869. He commenced his marine ser- 
 vice on the Colfa.v in 1886, and has since served on the Louise, 
 Colfax, City of Slanwood, Isabel, Afonlesano, Typhoon, Union 
 and Richard llolyokc. 
 
 Butler, Capt. Henry V,., Vancouver, B. C, was born in the 
 West Indies in 1853. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1S81 on 
 the ship lillis .-I, ilfiiiolt and for the past few years has hail 
 charge of the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company's coal 
 bark Robert k'cir. 
 
 Butler, Jesse, mate, Scottsburg, Or., has served ou Coos 
 Bay steamers fur about three years. 
 
 Butler, Nirholas, mate, was born in Valparaiso in 1.S54. 
 He began sailing in the Northwest on the bark James Cheslmi 
 in 1872 and afterward ran ou Eraser River steamers. .\t 
 present he is living in Victoria. 
 
 Byles, Robert, purser, Port Townsend, Wash., was born in 
 England in 1861. In 18.S4 he was purser and freight clerk of 
 the steamer Evangel, but retired from the water soon after- 
 ward. He was deputy auditor and auditor of Port Townsend 
 for a short time, and has also been engaged tiiere as deputy 
 shipping comtnissioner. 
 
 Byram, Erank B., engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 Byrnes, J. E , purser, has been running on steamships out 
 of .Sail Eranciseo for the past eighteen years. He was first 
 employed on the Constantine as freight clerk, was next purser 
 on the Orizaba, and has since been on the Queen, flfe.rico and 
 Slate of California, having been with the latter vessel for many 
 years. 
 
 Cade, E. B., engineer, Seattle, Wash, 
 Cade, Capt. Harry, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Cahill, J. F., engineer, was born in New York in 1855. He 
 commenced steamboating on the Columbia River in 1885, serv- 
 ing on the Astoria, PurtI ., and others. He was also on the 
 steamer T. M. Richardson at Yatiuina Bay and on the South 
 Coast, running to San Francisco. 
 
 Calhoun, George S., master of barkentine Archer, was 
 born in Port Townsend, Wash., in 1870. 
 
 Cairns, P., engineer, Portland, Or. 
 
 Call, Capt. C. A., was born in Wisconsin in l8ji and began 
 steamboating in the Northwest on the St. Patrick, running 
 on Puget Sound, in 1864. Captain Call is now living in 
 Tacoma, and at preseut is master ol the steamer Laurel. 
 
 Callahan, D. H., engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Callahan, William, chief engineer of steamship Santa 
 Cruz. 
 
 Cambre, F. X., shipbuilder, was born in Canada in 1843 and 
 began his marine career on the St. Lawrence River. He has 
 been connected with the business in the Northwest for over 
 thirty years, having been first on the l\ince Alfred, running 
 between San Francisco and Victoria. He afterward served on the 
 Pacific tiwA Idaho, and in 1873 began his present occupation as 
 shipbuilder at Port Townsend. Mr. Cambre has built a num- 
 ber of vessels, among them being the barkentine Jenny l.ind. 
 steamer Garland, and the Clara Rollins. 
 
 Campbell, E. A., master and pilot, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Campbell, Capt. E. I)., Seattle, Wash., has for the past five 
 years run the Violet, tug Bee, aud a number of other small 
 vessels. 
 
 Campbell, Horace G., engineer, Portland, Or. 
 
 Campbell, J. L., mate ou the steamer Georgie Oakes, Ctcur 
 d'Alene, Idaho. 
 
 Campbell, Peter M., chief engineer, was born in Glasgow 
 in 1857. After sailing in various parts of the world in the 
 steamship service, he came to the Pacific Coast in 1886 and 
 joined the t:teamer Gaelic. He was first assistant for two years 
 and was then appointed chief of the Costa Rica, reuuiining in 
 that position since. 
 
 Campbell, Thomas P., master of steamer Hnsllcr, Port- 
 land, Or. 
 
 Canavan, David, second assistant engineer ou steanisliip 
 Warrimoo, Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 Caples, Lafayette, pilot, St. Johns, Or., was born in Ohio 
 in 1843 and began steamboating on the Eagle in i860. He 
 retired from the river several years ago. 
 
 Card, Capt. James I.., New Westminster, H. C, was born 
 in Nova Scotia in 1833. He sailed in the deep-water trade in 
 various parts of the world until 1S89, when he caine to British 
 Ci unibia and joined the tug Active. He has since served as 
 ni.i--ter of the steamers Fairy Queen, Emma, Telephone, 
 II illiam living and Mermaid. 
 
 Carlson, Capt. Charles, was boru in Stockholm, Sweden, 
 and has been engaged in the marine business for twenty 
 years. He was for a long time with the Pacific Coast .Steam- 
 ship Company, leaving them to take conimand of David 
 Morgan's steamer Chilkal, which he handled until 1.S94, when 
 bellied suddenly at Seattle. 
 
 Carlson, Capt. N. P., was born in Denmark in 1.S64 ami 
 commenced sailing out of Hamburg when a boy. He came ti> 
 the Pacific Coast iu 1886, has since served as master on several 
 coasting schooners, and is at present in command of the 
 John (•'. North. 
 
 Carlston, Capt. John, w.is born in Sweden in 1865. He 
 came to the Pacific Const in 18.S3 and joined the ship iMarmioii 
 as second mate. He ran in that capacity on various coasting 
 vessels and a few years later was given conimand of tlif 
 schooner General Banning, where lie remained for two and a 
 half years, then going to the schooner Falcon, of which lie 
 is still master. Previous to coming to the Coast, Captain Carl- 
 ston had sailed in various parts of the world and also in the 
 .steamship service out of Galveston, Tex. 
 
 Carr, Capt. W. B., Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Carroll, J. G., agent of the West Coast Steam Navigation 
 Company, .Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Carroll, James, engineer, was born in Ireland in 1835 ami 
 followed his profession in dllTerent parts of the world before 
 coming to Oregon. He was for a long time iu the employ of 
 the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, and was one of tlii' 
 crew of the Teaser when she was sold to that company ami 
 taken over the Cascades. He has lately been connected willi 
 the steamer Harvest Queen. 
 
 Carstens. Peter, master builder of the Oregon Railway X 
 Navigation Company's steamers. 
 
 Cash, Capt. James, was born in Ireland in 1847 aud began 
 sailing out of English ports when a boy. He came to San 
 Francisco in 1859 and from there went to the Eraser River 
 Since his arrival he has had command of many of the prin 
 cipal steamers around there, among them being the Reliance 
 Royal City, Glen or a and Isabel. 
 
 Cates, Capt. J. A., Vancouver, 11. C, was born in Nov 
 Scotia. He has been connected with the marine business fc 
 fifteen years, sailing in the Atlantic coasting trade until 188' 
 when he came to Vancouver. He was for three and a haii 
 years mate ou the Robert Kerr, and held a similar positiou 01 
 
Marine Men Engaged in the Waters of the Northwest 
 
 463 
 
 Sprall's .-Irk, Thistle, City 0/ Nanaiino and Robert Punsiniiir, 
 leaving the hitter steamer to purchase the tug Swan, which he 
 has since coinuian<le<l. 
 
 Cates, William, engineer, Vancouver, B. C, was born in 
 Nova Scotia. He commenced in the marine service on the 
 Robert Kerr at Vancouver in 18H7 and has recently lieen en 
 gaged as engineer on the tug Sican. 
 
 Catley, George, mate on coasiting vessels, has sailed out of 
 San I'rancisco on the barks Eldorado, Alaska, Conslitulion, 
 R. K. Ham, Camden, and many other well known coasters. 
 He is at present living at I'ort Townsend. 
 
 Cattell, Capt. G. W., was born in Dakota and has lieen 
 running steamers on Lake Washington since 18H9. 
 
 Cavalsky, George, steward, was born in Denmark in i860. 
 He began steamboating on the Fraser River on the Enterprise 
 in 1882, has since been connecleil with a number of I'raser 
 River boats, and has recently been on the City of Nanaimo. 
 
 Caveiider, J. H., Whatcom, Wash., has served as engineer 
 on the Triumph, ^tiniiie fll.. Afar Qneen, Caseades, Susie, Edna 
 and Chinook. 
 
 Chapman, Capt. J. H., Port Blakely, was born in Maine in 
 i860. He sailed on the Atlantic Coast for a few years, came to 
 I'nget .Sound about 1883, and was first engaged on the steamer 
 .Iddie. 
 
 Chapman, R. I. , engineer, .Shelton, Wash. 
 
 Chapman, W. S., master of steamer Rover, Shelton, Wash. 
 
 Chick, 1*. J., Vancouver, It. C, purser with UnioM Steam- 
 ship Company. 
 
 Chipperfield, .\. li., mate on coasting vessels, San Francisco, 
 
 Chisholni, M. H., engineer. New Westminster, H. C. 
 
 Chiswell, Sydney, steward, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Christensen, C, master of sailing vessels, was born in Nor- 
 way in 1854. He lias been sailing in the coasting trade for 
 twenty years. He was first on the bark lliiena Vista, in iSSo 
 was male on the bark /.is:ie Afarsliall, and Is at present 
 master of the barkeiuiiie /^iscoiYry. 
 
 Cliiis*eiisen. C, steward. San I-'raiicisco. 
 
 Chri.sten.sen, Capt. C. H., was born in Denmark in 1S57. 
 He has been sailing on the Pacific Coast since 1S7S and at 
 present is in coniinand of the four-masted schooner Ring 
 Cyrus. 
 
 Christensen. Charles, mate, was born in Denmark in 1851. 
 He began running north out of San I'rancisco in 1872 as sea- 
 man on the steamer John I.. Stephens, and a few years 
 afterward made a trip to Liverpool on a Peruvian ship. Re- 
 turning from there be again began running on steamships on 
 the iiorlliern route an<l has been on the Peliean, City of Chester, 
 (heat Republie and Oiegon, remaining with the latter for over 
 fifteen years, nine of wiiicli he has been mate. 
 
 Christiansen, Niels J., mate on sailing vessels, San Fran- 
 cisco. 
 
 Christianson, Charles, engineer, I.adner's Landing, It. C, 
 was born in Sweden in 1S5S and served as fireman and engineer 
 out of liuropean ports. He came to Victoria in iSSa and joined 
 the steamer Carihoo and Fly as fireman, afterward serving on 
 the steamers Maude, Hearer, City of S'anuimo, Hrunette. 
 II' in III /'red. Delta and others. lie is at present engiuccr on 
 the Delta. 
 
 Cliristianson, N., steward, San Francisco. 
 
 Christie, Capt. J. R., was born in Jersey City, N.J . in 1845. 
 He began steamboating in 1.S62 on the .Mountain liuek. In 
 1S63 he went to the Sound, where he renia'ved three years, and 
 after retn-i'iinr to the Colunibia was connected with nearly all 
 of the lo . .er boats, among others being the Pioneer, Julia, 
 A'*'.'t' World and ( U'an<{i^iin. 
 
 Church, J. O., master ami pilot, Portland, Or. 
 
 Clancey, W. II., i:'ate, began steamboating in the North- 
 we.st in 1S67 on the /. A'. I.ihby, and was al.so on Lake 'I'ahoc, 
 Cal., for a while. He i.^ at present living in Taconia, Wash. 
 
 Clapp, .\. C, master of the ship Jabez Howes, was born in 
 Maine in 1841 and has been sailing in the Pacific Coast trade 
 since 1882. 
 
 Clapp, Capt. Joseph W., was born in Scituate, Mass,, in 
 1843. He has been sailing on the Pacific Coast since 1879 and 
 was for five years on the bark General liutler, owned by the 
 Puget Mill Company. Captain Clapp is now living at Coupe- 
 ville. Wash. 
 
 Clark, Charles J., engineer, was born in Pittsburg, Penn., 
 in 1864. His first marine work was as oiler on the steamship 
 Walla Walla in 1882. He was afterward on the Government 
 launch Dispatch at Vancouver, Wash., and has worked in 
 various capacities on the steamships I'matilta, f George W. 
 Elder, .'tneon and .*// A7, and steamers Afikado.J. R. Me Donald , 
 Olympian, Alaskan, State of Washington, Hmma Hayuard, 
 Hassalo and Idaho. 
 
 Clarke, Charles D., purser, San Francisco, was born in New 
 V'ork in 1865 aud commenced his marine service as purser on 
 the Eliza Anderson in 1884, remaining with her for two years. 
 He then purchased the steamer Cascades in company with 
 Joseph U. Carse and ran her four years. Mr. Clarke soon sold 
 out Ilia steamboat interests and went to San F'rancisco, where 
 he entered the employ of the Calil'oriiia Navigation & Improve- 
 ment Company. 
 
 Clarke, Capt. Charles K., was born in England in 1854 and 
 came to the Pacific Coast in 1874. His first vessel here as mas- 
 ter was the schooner Discoi'eiy, which he ran for five y.ars. 
 He was next on the schooner Juanita, which he ran as a trader 
 and coaster and finally in the sealing business until she was 
 seized in Ilering Sea about 1889. He then took command of 
 the steamer Alert and has operated her since. 
 
 Cleary, T. R., engineer, was born in Brooklyn, N. V., in 
 1859. He commenced his marine service in Spn Francisco as 
 oiler on the John /,. Stephens in 1877, remaining with her for 
 two years and then going as secoiul assistant engineer on a 
 number of small steamers. He was afterward on the steam- 
 ships City of Sidney and San Pablo, and was third assistant on 
 the San Pedro when she was lost at Victoria. Mr. Cleary is at 
 present on the steamship San Henito. 
 
 Clem, W. W., engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Clem, Louis L., engineer, Portland, Or., commenced on 
 the Puget Sound steamer \ellie in 1.S84, and after running 
 there a few years went to the Columbia River. He has recently 
 been engaged on the steamer Iralda. 
 
 Clemens, William W., engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Clifford, James H., mate of bark Coloma, was born in 
 Germany in 1859 and has been sailing out of Northwestern 
 ports .since 1887. 
 
 Clinger, Capt. I'rank W., was born at Port Townsend, 
 Wash., in 1854. He commenced steamboating on Puget Sound 
 in 18.S6, but had previously engaged in the coasting trade on 
 sailing ve.s.sels. 
 
 Clintbom, Fred, male on sailing vessels, F^ureka, Cal. 
 
 Cloak, H. B., engineer, San I'rancisco, was born in Phila- 
 delphia, Penn , in 1852, and began his marine service on the 
 Delaware River. He came lo the Pacific Coast in 1871, return- 
 ing Fast and coming out again in 1877, when he entered the 
 employ of the Pacific Mail .Steamship Company, remaining 
 with them as second and first assistant for several years. He 
 has since served as chief on the steamers Maty '/). Hume, 
 Ferndale. Crescent City, Del Norte, Homer and Protection. 
 
 Cloiigh, Fdgar I)., engineer, Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 California in 1865. He began steamboating on the Columbia 
 River on the General Canhy in i.SSo. and for several ycais past 
 has been engaged on Puget Sound. 
 
 Cluues. Capt. C, was born in New Zealand in 1858. He 
 came to the Pacific Coast in 1871 and began sailing out of 
 Victoria on the schooner Disctiivry. He was afterwaril 011 the 
 Woodside and a number of other small steamers. Captain 
 Cluues is connected at present with the steamer Falcon. 
 
 Clymer, Capt. Henry V., .Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 Washington in 1.S62 and has been cininected with the marine 
 business on the Sound since i,S84, 
 
 Cody, I'rank, engineer, was born in Ireland in 1S64 and 
 commenced his marine service in the Northwest in 1.S87. He 
 has recently been coniiectt'd with the tug Tacoma. 
 
 Coffin, William, engineer, Porllanil, Or. 
 
 Colbert, Fred, mate. Ihvaco, Wash., sailed out of San 
 Francisco on the ships //'. //. (,\uvley, Coquimbo, and other 
 well known coasters, for several years. He retired from the 
 water about fifteen years iigo and has since engaged in the fish- 
 ing business at Ihvaco au<l .Shoalwater Bay. 
 
 Colby, William, master of sailing vessels, was born in 
 Sweden in 183S and lias been connected with the marine busi- 
 ness for forty-three years. He commenced sailing out of San 
 I'rancisco in iS65 on the bark /Ironies. He was in comniand 
 of the schooner Courser, lost in 1S92, and has since had charge 
 of the bark Mercury. 
 
 Cole, Harry W., third officer of steamship I'ictoria, was 
 born on the steamship City tif Mobile in 1S64 ami has been con- 
 nected with the marine business since he was sixteen years of 
 age. 
 
 Cole, J. R., engineer, Seattle, Wash., has been steamboat- 
 ing in the Northwest since 18S6. 
 
 Cole, Luther, engineer, was born in Maine in 1S4S. He 
 has followed his occupation since 1862, when he began running 
 on the steamer Tenino. Mr. Cole has also followed his profes- 
 sion on the Snake River and in British Columbia, and is at 
 present on the steamer Messrnger. 
 
 Collins, Henry, engineer, was born on Prince F'dward 
 Island in 1856. lie was engaged for thirteen years with the 
 Boston & Savannah Steamship Company. He came to the 
 
 i 
 
 I' 
 
 r? 
 
 
464 
 
 Lewia (f Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Pacific Cout in 1887 and joined tlie tuj; /isrorl No. i, with 
 whicli lie went to Astoria, and while there was transferred to 
 the tuK Wizard aa first assistant He has served as first and 
 seccnd assistant on the steamers I'entutr, Nalional City, W'esI 
 Ctmsl, .-11 A7 and Farallnn, and as chief of the l.akme and fninl 
 Arena, still lieinf; en);aKed on the latter. 
 
 Collins, Patrick H., mate on tuK'ioats, San Francisco, 
 eiiteretl the service of tlie Pacific Mail bteamsliip Companv at 
 the Bay City in 1H79, remainin); wuh them for ten years, and 
 for the past five years has l>een on the tUKs Alfil anil Relief. 
 He ran north with the steamship San Pedro for about six 
 months. 
 
 Cullister. Capt. R., was born on the Isle of Man in 1843 and 
 learned the shipbuilding trade in Rii);laud, followiiiK that call- 
 ing in Kiigland, .\ustralia and the United States. On coming 
 to this country he eiiKaged in Iniilding river steamers at Fulton, 
 111., and afterward moved to I)ubu(|ue, Iowa, where he had 
 charge of the yards owned by " Diamond Jo" Reynolds, the 
 famous Mississippi River steanilio<itman. Since coming to 
 Victoria he has filled a iiumlier of important positions, ainoiiK 
 tliem Iieing surveyor for tlie Hoard of Underwriters of San 
 Kraiicisco, surveyor for I^loyds, and is at present hull inspector 
 for the Dominion Government. 
 
 Colman, James M., engineer. Seattle, Wash., conimenred 
 on the steamer Vixen on Lake Washington in 18S9 and has 
 recently been on the H'inni/rfd. 
 
 Compton, Bert, engineer. Hay Center, Wash., was born in 
 Iowa in 1861, began steambontiiig on I'uget .Sound in |S,S4, and 
 has recently been engaged on the Faz'oiilf on Slioalwiiter Ray. 
 
 Compton, T. H., engineer, was born in Michigan in 1865. 
 He followed his calling on the Great Lakes until 1890. when he 
 came to Seattle. 
 
 Comstock, R., engineer, was boru In Illinois in 1861. He 
 came to the Pacific Coast in 1X87 f..« second a.ssistaiit on the steam- 
 ship Willtimelle I'alley, with which he had served for a year 
 at New Orleans when the vcssi'l was known as the Cuninis. 
 He subseipiently serve<l on llii; sti'iimshlps Muifiosa, Cily of 
 Kio di' Janeiro, Cily 0/ Chfslcr, and a nunibcr of others. Mr. 
 Comstock has recently been engaged as first assistant on the 
 steamer Crescent Cily. 
 
 Condon, B., engineer, was born in Kngland in 1861 and 
 commenced in the marine service at San Francisco in 1S86, 
 after working four years In the shops. He served as oiler on 
 the slcatiisliips Idalui, I'icloria, Cily of Sydney an<l /.ealaiulia. 
 He was afterward third assistant on the latter vessel and was 
 first assistant on the steainsliip Manuel Dublin. He then 
 joined the steamship San llenilo, where he has served as third 
 and second assistant. 
 
 Condon, Michael, engineer, began Ills marine service at 
 San Francisco in iSSo as oiler on the steamship O/vckAh. He 
 was afterward 011 the steamships .'tueon. I.os .liixeles. Cily ol 
 Cheater, SI. Paul. San Pahlo. Xealandia and I'oinona, leaving 
 deep w.iter to take the position of first assistant on the tug 
 l'ii;ilanl, where he remained for three years and then joined 
 the Hayiian Republic as second assistant I'"or the past two 
 years he has been chief engineer of the lug Reliance. 
 
 Connell, John, Oakland, Cal., steward of steamer Queen. 
 
 Connelly, 1). .A., engineer, was born In Ireland in 1856. 
 He c.ime to the Pacific Coast In 1S74 and was first connected 
 with the steamer Stale of California. He served as engineer 
 on the/. /.'. /.('AAi'and a number of other well known steamers 
 on Pugel Sound. He has recently been engaged on the steamer 
 (iolJen Hale. 
 
 Conway, Capt. George, was born in Mississippi In 1S53. 
 He went to sea at the age of nine years and has been In con- 
 tinuous service since. His first work on the Pacific Coast was 
 with the steamships Umatilla and /ui.itern Oregon as first 
 officer. For the past seven years he has tiecii master of the 
 steamer Point I.oma. 
 
 Cook, C. W., Port Angeles, Wash., mate on sailing vessels, 
 retired from the water .several years ago. 
 
 Cook, Capt. H. K., was born in England in 1849 and began 
 his marine career on the Atlantic, running between New York 
 and Uverpool. He cauie to the Pacific Coast in 1870 and 
 entered the employ of the Pacific Mall Steamship Company, 
 running on the Panama route. He was also in their employ 
 on the .,teanisliip City of Rio de Janeiro, leaving her in 1889 
 and going to Vancouver, H. C, where he has since resided. 
 
 Cooper, John , engineer, Vancouver, H. C, was born In 
 Penrith, England, in 1864. His first marine experience was in 
 the Mediterranean trade. He came to New Westnilnster in 
 1885 and served on the Leonora and other steamers on the 
 Fraser and Vancouver routes. 
 
 Copeland, John, freight clerk, Portland, Or. 
 
 Corrlgan, Frank, Vancouver, B. C, tenth assistant engineer 
 of steamship Empress of China. 
 
 Corum, J. K., Sau Francisco, steward of steamer '"leone. 
 
 Coulter, J. P., Canby, Or., master and pilot on Willamette 
 River steamers. 
 
 Coulter, Charles A., engineer, .South Bend, Wash., was 
 born in Illinois In i'S^^ ■*■■<' ran between Pittsburg and New 
 Orleans on tugboats ior eight years. He came to Shoalwater 
 Bay in 18,89 and has served on the Tom Morris, .•Harm, Cily 
 of .-Isloria and lidgar, having been with the latter vessel for 
 the past two years. 
 
 Courtney, Daniel, engineer, was born In New York in 
 1861 and has lieen running on the Pacific Coast since 1878 as 
 fireman and first and second assistant engineer. 
 
 Cousins, Capt. N. K., was bom in Maine in 1861. He 
 began his marine career in 1880, running coastwise from San 
 Francisco, serving on the steamers .Santa Cruz, Idaho, Atari- 
 posa, Alameda, Queen, Empire and Areata. 
 
 Cowper, Capt. John, was born on the Isle of Man in 1852 
 and .served his apprenticeship at Liverpool, England. In i.sri7 
 he joined the ship /lolivia, which he left at Victoria in 1.S69 
 ■After spending two years In the whaling business on the 
 schooner Rate, he went to .Australia an<l remained there sailing 
 Kiid steauiboating until 18.S7, when he again came to British 
 Columbia and joined the Alexander as quarterinasttT. He 
 was then pilot on the Saturna and other steamers, and In t8.S9 
 master of the Satui na. Ca|>taiii Cowper at present is In charge 
 of the steamer Rainbon'. 
 
 Cox, Capt. James, master and pilot, Portland, Or. 
 
 Cox, W. .V , engineer, was born in Canada in 1863 and has 
 been engaged in tlie marine business on Pnget Sound since 
 1887. His first service was on the steamer Rainier. He subse- 
 quently went to the Rip I'an ll'inkle, and for the past three 
 years has been engaged on the tug Tyee. 
 
 Craig, Capt. Denjamin, Seattle, Wash., was born In Nova 
 Scotia In i8.;s. lie has folluweil the niariiic business for nearly 
 forty years, twenty of which have been spent on the Pacific 
 Coast. 
 
 Crang, !'". h-, mate, .Astoria, Or. 
 
 Craiiney, Thomas, boatbnilder, Coupevllle, Wash., built 
 the Flying /iulchman, l.'nnie, and a number of other steamers 
 on Puget Sound. 
 
 Crawford, Sherman h , engineer, Hoqulam, Wash. 
 
 Creamer, John C , engineer, San Francisco, was born In 
 Peniisvlvanla in 185H. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1S.S2 
 and served four years on the old steamship .Shubrick. lie 
 was afterward engaged on the Afanzanita, /lolyoke, .llaskaii. 
 Point .Irena, Fernaale, Wasco and other .SoiiikI steamers, and 
 on returning to San Francisco served on the llonita, U'eeotl, 
 tuj Annie and others 
 
 Crebs, August, San Francisco, master of bark Empire. 
 
 Crelghton, E- \V., secretary of the Columbia River & Piiget 
 Sound Transportation Company. 
 
 Crelghton, W. D., purser, was born in Halifax, Nova 
 Scotia, in 185S. His first work on coming to the Pacific Coa.si 
 was as freight clerk on the Corona, afterward holding a siiiii 
 lar position on the Umatilla and Santa Rosa He has since 
 served on the steamer.> Santa Cm: and (,'ypsy. 
 
 Crigler, W. L., engineer, was born In New Orleans In 1.S54. 
 He served an apprenticeship at Wllmingloii, Del, and after- 
 ward serveil as machinist in the United States Navy for twii 
 years. After leaving the naval service he ran on the Missis- 
 sippi River towboats, and In 18S7 came to the Pacific Coast on 
 llie steamship Willamette Valley. He left her soon afler 
 arrival and remained on shore ill the employ of her owners, 
 going back again as chief about 1892. In April, 1894, he was 
 appointed chief engineer of the steamship )\n/Hini!, and has 
 been rnnning with her since. 
 
 Crocket, George A., mate, was boru In Maine In 1S62 and 
 began sailing north from San l-'rancisco In 1H82 on the steam- 
 ship Queen of the Pacific. In 1S84 he was master of the fish- 
 ing schooner St. Louis, and has recently been engaged as male 
 on the tug Sea Lion. 
 
 Crofts, John J., engineer, was born in England in iS^i. 
 After serving his apprenticeship there he came to New York in 
 1848 and two years later came to the Pacific Coast, where he 
 was engaged on the Tennessee and Columbia. He was after- 
 ward third assistant on the steamships Republic and Northci net . 
 leaving the latter vessel In 1860. He was in the service of thi- 
 Pacific Mail Steamship Company for twenty-seven years, inosl 
 of whicu was spent on the northern routes. In 1 88 1 he was 
 appointed chief engineer of the steamer Newport, filling that 
 position for nine years, then taking a similar Iwrth on the Coo> 
 Hay, where he has since remained. 
 
 Croghan, I'raiik, engineer, San I'ranclsco, was liorn in 
 New York in 1864. He served as second assistant on the 
 Me.rico, Corona, Willamette Valley and other steamships, and 
 as first assistant on the Arago. 
 
 Crosscup, H. B., Oakland, Cal., mate of steamshi]' 
 Alackinazv. 
 
fi^ 
 
 n 
 
 Marine Men Engaged in the Waters of the Northwest 
 
 465 
 
 Culluni, W. J., engineer, Victoria, B. C, wag bora in Eng- 
 land in 1865. Hia first work in tlie Northwest was on the Sar- 
 donyx in 1884, where he remained for two years. He then 
 joined the tug /.ome and subseciueutly the Alexander. He 
 has since served on the steamer i'osemite and the Dominion 
 steamers Sit James /)oug/as and Quadra, remaining with the 
 latter vessel for the past three years. 
 
 Cumiskey, Capt. R.J., was born in New Bedford, Mass., 
 in i860. He began sailing out of San Francisco on a whaling 
 vessel ill 1881 and has since been running to the Arctic Ocean 
 almost continuously. He has been on the barks Sea Breeze, 
 Northern Light and Balena, running as first o6ficer on the 
 latter for three years Captain Cumiskey at present is master 
 of the whaler Grampus. 
 
 Cummings, Alexander, engineer, Seattle, Wash,, was born 
 in Si. Louis in 1865 and has been steamboating in the North- 
 west since 1887, serving on the North Pacific, Alaskan, Olym- 
 pian, Kingston and others. He was on the steamship Ancon, 
 wrecked at Loring, Alaska, in 18S9. 
 
 Cummings, Capt. James, Vancouver, B. C, was born in 
 Scotland in 1851. He followed the deep-water trade until 1876, 
 when be came to the Pacific Coast, where he has since been 
 engaged, most of the time around Burrard's Inlet. 
 
 Cunningham, Joseph, engineer, Portland, Or. 
 
 Curraii, Dennis, mate on river steamers, Astoria, Or., was 
 for several years in the customs service at Astoria and built 
 and ran the steamer Occident at that place. 
 
 Curtis, James K., engineer, Houghton, Wash., has run most 
 of the time on steamers on Lake Washington 
 
 Curtis, James F.. mate on sailing vessels, San Francisco. 
 
 Curtis, W. B. , steamship steward, first worked on the 
 Pacific Coast on the Idaho in 1882 and has recently heeu con- 
 nected with the I 'matilla. 
 
 Curtis, W. R., purser, was born in Maine in 1856. He 
 began in the marine service out of San Francisco in 187S, 
 running first on the steamer Salinas and afterward on the 
 George W. Elder, Mexico, Idaho and other steamships run- 
 ning north. He has l>een in the service of the Pacific Coast 
 Steamship Company for sixteen years and at present is 
 employed on the City of Topeka. 
 
 Daily, Janie.s, mate, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Daley, William, Seattle, Wash., was one of the crew of the 
 /in/fr/W-Sf in 1858 and has since followed his calling of engi- 
 neer all over the Sound. He was born in Ireland in 1838 and 
 was in the steamboat service three years at San Francisco 
 before coming to the Sound. 
 
 Daltoii, Edward E., purser, Portland, Or. 
 
 Damon, Capt. Herbert, Oakland, Cal., master of the 
 schooner Katie J/ohnes, has served on the vessel six years as 
 mate and for the same length of time as master. 
 
 Danforth, Manley, engineer, Seattle, W^ash. 
 
 Daniels, W. !•'., mate, was born in New York in 1861 and 
 came to the Pacific Coast in 1890. He ran first as second male 
 on the Cily of Puchia, then as mate on the steamers I.aktne 
 and Truckce, and is still employed on the latter. 
 
 Darling, Capt. L. \,., Aberdeen, Wash., was born in Iowa 
 in 1H60. He built the steamer ll'ishkah Chief on Gray's Har- 
 bor in 1889. and operated her for three years between Aberdeen 
 and other points on the harbor. He then ran the steamer 
 .{hcrdeeii and afterwanl the tug Herald, and has recently had 
 charge of the steamer Cruiser. 
 
 Dart, Capt. J. C, Eureka. Cal., master of the schooner 
 Sfiarro7i'. 
 
 Darwerltz, Otto, mate on sailing vessels, San Francisco, 
 has been coasting north since 1882. 
 
 Dashwood, W., engineer, was born on the Isle of Wight 
 in 1857. He served in the Northwest w>th the Cauadian & 
 Australian steamship line as fourth engineer on the steamship 
 II 'arrimoo. 
 
 Davidson, Charles, mate on sailing vessels, San Francisco. 
 
 Davidson, J., master of sailing vessels, began sailing in the 
 Northwest about 1873 on the old barkentine Constiiution. He 
 has since coinmaiKled various other vessels and is at present 
 master of the ship Commodore. 
 
 Davidson, William, Port Townsend, Wash., engineer on 
 steamer Evangel. 
 
 Davies, Enoch, chief engineer of United States steamer 
 Cascades, Portland, Or. 
 
 Davis, C. S., master and pilot, Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 Indiana in 1859 and commenced steamboating on Puget Sound 
 on the Welcome in 1882. 
 
 Davis, Herbert, master of tug Edna, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Davis, John, mate in sailing vessels, was born in Chicago 
 in 1852. He began sailing on the Great Lakes in 1867, came to 
 the Pacific Coast in 1877, and has been in the employ of the 
 
 Puget Mill Company most of the time since. He sailed us 
 mate on the Kitsap, Emerald, Atlanta, Skagil, Arkwright and 
 John A. Ilriggs, and is still with the latter vessel. 
 
 Davis, Capt. J, L., Hociuiam, Wash., was born in Wosh- 
 iiiglon Territory in 1861 and commenced steamboating on the 
 U. S. Grant in 1882. He was afterward on the tugs Hen 
 Holladay, Hunter, General Miles, Traveler, Ranger and 
 Printer, and on the steamers Montesano, Oneatta, Aberdeen, 
 Tillie and Restless, serving as master of the three last men- 
 tioned. 
 
 Davis, Lemuel E., engineer, Newport, Or., has been 
 engaged on the steamer Rebecca C. on Vaquina Bay since 1884, 
 
 Davis, Capt. Tracy W., Newport, Or., was born in 1858. 
 He has been in the steamboat business on Vaquina Bay for a 
 number of years, being at present on the yolanla. At different 
 times he has been master of the steamers Richardson, Tressie 
 May, Benton and Rebecca C, which latter vessel he ran about 
 four years as a ferry-boat. The Rebecca C. was built by his 
 father, and he received his master's papers to run on her. 
 Other steamers with which he has been connected are the 
 Kate and Anna, Onealla and Pioneer. 
 
 Davis, Capt. W. A., is a native of California and began 
 steamboatiuj{ on the Ifenat in 1875. Most of his work has been 
 on the Cowlitz and Lewis rivers routes, remaining on the latter 
 lor several years as male and master in the employ of the late 
 Captain Thomas. He lives at La Center, Wash. 
 
 Davis, William H , was born in Charleston, W. Va., in 
 
 1858. He has been steamboating on Puget Sound since 1876, 
 first as engineer on the .'Iddie anil afterward on the/. B. I.ihhy, 
 Despatch, Chehalis, Teaser, Indiana, //ermosa, E. I). Smith, 
 Cyrus Walker, Yakima and Detroit. 
 
 Dawe, Albert, mate. New Westminster, B, C. 
 
 Dawson, James A., engineer, was born in Massachusetts in 
 1851 and came with his parents to the Pacific Coast three years 
 later. He worked in a machine shop for several years and in 
 1 8S0 joined the steamship /VZ/VdH as oiler. He was afterward 
 on the steamships Wizard, Ancon, Gienada, Los Angeles, 
 Mexico, San I^blo, Walla Walla, Al Ki and .'Santa Rosa, fill- 
 iii)^ all positions up to first assistant. He was then appointed 
 chief of the steamship Me.vico, where he remained four years, 
 anil then went to the steamer Alexander Duncan in the same 
 capacity for a few years, leaving her for the steamship Queen, 
 where he has run as first assistant. 
 
 Day, J. H., master and owner of steamers, Portland, Or. 
 
 De Campos, Capt. M., was born in Lisbon, Portugal, in 
 1848, and comnienced sailing out of ports of that country in 
 
 1859. He was first engaged in the coasting service, but after- 
 ward followed deep-water sailing in the China, .South American, 
 India and Mediterranean trade. He came to the Pacific Coast 
 several years ago and al present has commaiid of the Bundaleer, 
 carrying coal between Naiiaimo and San I'raiicisco. 
 
 Decker, H. P., engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Deckson, Richard, Oakland, Cal.. served first on the 
 steamer llaniaid Ca.^tle and is at present mate 011 the Empire. 
 
 Deilrick. I'rcd, mate on coasting schooners. 
 
 Delilin, August, male on sailing vessels, was born in Swe- 
 den in 1856 and sailed out of European ports in the deep-water 
 trade until 1880. He then began coasting on the Pacific and 
 has recently been steamboating on Puget Sound. 
 
 Delanty, Capt. William, Port Discovery, was born in 
 Maine in 1836. He came to the Pacific Coast in the latter part 
 of the sixties, entering the employ of the Port Discovery Mill 
 Company. His first marine work was on the tug .S. A. A/aslick, 
 which he commanded for three years, and then retired to devote 
 his time to the company's mill business. 
 
 De Launay, Scott A , engineer. Port Blakely, Wash., was 
 born in Oregon in 1871, commenced his marine career on the 
 steamer Cruiser on Gray's Harbor in 1S88, and has since served 
 on the Olympian, Rainier, Queen Cily, and a number of other 
 steamers. 
 
 De Launey, C. E., engineer, was bora in Illinois in 1867 
 and couiiueuced steamboating on Coos Bay in 1884, leaving 
 there shortly afterward for Puget Soniid. He is at present 
 living in Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Delgfrduo, James, was born at Port Townsend in 1859 and 
 i. a son of the pionei . Captain Delgardno. His m.irine experi- 
 ence was limited to a few years, in which he operated the 
 schooner Mary Taylor. He purchased her oil the Columbia 
 River, where she was operated as a bar tug, ind, on bringing 
 her to the Sound, Mr. Delgardno removed the machinery and 
 lengthened her. After sailing her for a short time he sold her 
 to Captains Ettershanks, Thompson and Ramsey of Victoria, 
 who used her as a pilot schooner. 
 
 Delleuger, Samuel, mate and pilot, Portland, Or. 
 
 Denny, Henry L., engineer, Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 Indiana in i8j,S. He has been connected with the marine 
 business since 1869, when he began running on the steamer 
 
 M 
 
 if 
 I 
 
 ; 1 
 
 I- I 
 
 
^Sl 
 
 466 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden's Marine Hiafory of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Phanlom on Puget Sound. During hi* career lie ha« been 
 engineer on the Coinel, Yukima, Oiler, Fanny l.akr, /.ephyr. 
 Cascades, AMie, Henry llailey. Slate of Washinglon , Mull- 
 nomah and IHspalch. 
 
 Derrick, l^uis, engineer, San Francisco. 
 
 Devere, John, engineer, Vancouver, B. C, woa born in New 
 Brunswick. He has been steanilmating in the Northwest for 
 seven years and is at present Tirst assistant on the steamer 
 Culch. 
 
 Devereaux, William, engineer, San Francisco. 
 
 Dick, William, engineer, Victoria, H. C, was Imrn in Scot- 
 land in 1855. He came to Victoria in iHqu and has since been 
 engaged on the Islander, Quadra and other steamers. Previous 
 to his arrival hu was for many years employed on steamers on 
 the River Tay. 
 
 Dickson, George W., Vancouver, B. C, engineer on 
 steamer Leonora. 
 
 Dickson, P. A., mete, San Francisco. 
 
 Dieckhoff, K. W., engineer, Seattle, Wash., has been 
 steamboating on the Sound since 1K89 ancl has recently been 
 engaged on the tug Wanderer. 
 
 Dinsmore, F. B,, master of sailing vessels, was born in 
 Maine in 1849 and has been engaged in the coasting trade but a 
 short time. 
 
 Dixon, William, master of steamer (^. A'., Astoria, Or. 
 
 Dobeson, Thomas, engineer, Nanaimo, B. C, was Imrn in 
 Newcastle, England, in 1S44. He ran for some time lietween 
 Newcastle and London and also in the Me<lilerranean trade. 
 He has been connected with steamboating but little since com- 
 ing to the Pacific Coast and is engaged in repairing vessels at 
 Nanaimo. 
 
 Dobson, C. H., engineer, was born iu New York in 1837. 
 He went to Nicaragua in 1S5S to run a steamer on the river 
 there, but the company backing the enteiprise failed, and he 
 crossed the isthmus on foot and came to San Francisco, where 
 he entere<l the employ of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company. 
 He ran for many years on the (iolden Age an<l Sacranieiilo. 
 At present he is connected with the whaler Belvidere. 
 
 Dobson, Thomas H., second officer on steamship Fieloria, 
 was born in Scotland in 1865 and has been connected with the 
 marine business for eleven years. 
 
 Dodd, Capt. A., was born in Ireland in iSj6 and came to 
 the Pacific Coast in 1861. He commenced running in the 
 Puget Sound lumber trade, and was for a few years master of 
 the Minnie (•. Alkins. He was one of the first to go north in 
 the codfishing business, but afterward returned to the lumlier 
 trade, sailing the .lliins until 1873, when she was sunk by 
 the schooner /.aura May. In 1874 he built the schooner 
 ycnus, which he sailed until 1881, when he constructed the 
 schooner Howard, with which he remained thirteen years, dis- 
 posing of her in 1894 to take command of the bark / 'idelle. of 
 which he is part owner. 
 
 Donald, William, mate, Newcastle, Wash, 
 
 Donaldson, J. J., engineer, Seattle, Wash., was lx)rn in 
 Michigan in 1859. He came to Puget Sound in 1887 and was 
 first engaged on the steamer ff»^ Van Winkle. 
 
 Donaldson, James, third assistant engineer on steamship 
 Vicloiia, was born in Scotland. He came to the Pacific Coast 
 with the steamer Cily ofSeallle, and has spent most of the time 
 since on steariers running to China. When ashore he resides 
 on a fine ranch at Queets, Wash. 
 
 Doney, G. W., master and pilot, was born in Pennsylvania 
 in 1859. He began steamboating on Puget Sound on the 
 Evangel in 1882, was afterward ou the Ivashinglon, and lias 
 since filled different positions on the steamers .Stale of Waih- 
 inglon, Sehome, J. R. McDonald, Mabel, Henry Bailey, Annie 
 M. Pence, Flyer and others. 
 
 Donovan, Thomas, mate, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Dorn, Capt. F. A., is a native of Quincy, Mass. He came 
 to the Pacific Coast ou the clipper ship naunlless in 1871 and 
 continued with her until 1879, when he returned to San Fran- 
 cisco and made a number of voyages to the South Sea Islauds. 
 For the past few years he has been in the Hawaiian Islands trade 
 in command of the barkentine Planler. 
 
 Douglas, George W., Whatcom, Wash., master of steamer 
 Emma D. 
 
 Douglass, John, engineer, Portland, Or. 
 
 Dow, Frank P., master, Whatcom, Wash. 
 
 Uragoylovich, Christ, chief engineer, Vancouver, B. C, 
 was born in Austria in 1857 and has been engaged in the steam- 
 ship service ou the Mediterranean, Red, Baltic and Black seas 
 and in other parts of the world. He came to British Columbia 
 in 1S91 and entered the employ of the I'nion Steamship Com- 
 pany as chief engineer of their steamer Comox. 
 
 Drennon, William H., engineer, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Drew, Oscar A., engineer, Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 Boston in 1856. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1880 au'l 
 l>egan steamlmating on the Daisy. He was afterward engagtil 
 on the Zephyr, Idaho. Success, Xellie, A. f. I'erry. SI. /iilriii 
 and others, retiring from the water a short time ago to take a 
 position as engineer in the Seattle Fire Department. 
 
 Dreyer, Capt. Philip, was Imru in Denmark in 1859, began 
 sailing on the I'acific Coast on the schooner I'arallel in 1881. 
 and is at present master of the schooner l.yman D. Fosler. 
 
 Drisko, W. F., mate, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Dronillard, John, engineer, commenced his marine servici- 
 on the Pacific Coast as fireman on the steamer S/inhrick in 
 1878. He has since run as second or first assistant on llu 
 steamships Umalilla, II alia Walla, Mexico, Noyo and l.ak 
 me, and the tugs Sea l.ion anil Wanderer. He has also scrveil 
 08 chief of the steamers Lakme and San Juan. While on the- 
 Sound he was chief oii the steamer Nellie on the Snohoinisli 
 route. Recently he has been employed on the steanisliips 
 Mackinaw. .Irago, Arcala, Yaquina and Alcalras. 
 
 Drnry, J. R., engineer, was born in Pennsylvania in 1863, 
 commenced steamboating at Victoria on the /V»>'/in 1884, and 
 is at present connected with the steamer Mary F. I'erley. 
 
 Dubeck, Frank, master Hn<l pilot, Portland, Or. 
 
 Dudley, A. J., engineer, Poriland, Dr., has been steam- 
 boating in' the Northwest for the past ten years. He lie^an on 
 the steamer Cruiser. Capt. John Reed, and remained with her 
 and the tugs Traveler and Hutiler until 1890. He soon after- 
 ward joined the steamer ll'illapa. Captain Hailey, and on 
 leaving her served on the Alliance, Capt. John Peterson. 
 
 Duffy, Peter, engineer, San Francisco. 
 
 Duhig, Fred, engineer, Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 Dunton, Oliver, engineer, was born in Maine in 1858, begnii 
 sailing out of Atlantic ports when a boy, and caiile to the 
 Pacific Coast in 18.S6 as oiler on the steamship Al A'l. Hi- 
 remained with her three years, then went to the steamship 
 ll'alla Walla as water-tender and .second assistant engineer, 
 and was next on the steamers Caspar, Cleone, l.aguna and 
 Greenjcood. He joined the steamer Alcalra: about three years 
 ago as first assistant and was afterwani promoted to the position 
 of chief engineer, which he still holds. 
 
 Dyer, Fred A., master, was born in Missouri in 1836 and 
 came to the Pacific Coast in 1869, first running on the sleaniei 
 Mary Woodruff. In 1.S.S4 he built the steanier^w.ci McNauglil 
 at Seattle and ran her four years. He served on the stenniiT 
 Island /telle for a short time, and also on the steamer Tca.ur 
 on the Victoria and Westminster route. He then settled al 
 Lyman, Wash., on a ranch, where he is living at the present 
 time. 
 
 Dyreborg, Capt. R. H., was born in Denmark in 1848 and 
 came to San I'rancisco in 1875, having previously sailed in 
 deep-water ships all over the world. He has been running 
 most of the time in the coasting trade since his arrival, his last 
 command being the bark Forest Queen. 
 
 Kastabrook, Capt. G. L., New Denver, H. C, was born in 
 New Bruuswick in 1846. He commenced the marine business 
 in 1867 on the steamer Rothesay c the St. John River. He 
 followed deep water for a number of years and in 189J look 
 charge of the W. Hunter, the only sleainer on Slocan Lake. 
 
 Edgett, Arllinr, master mariner, Vancouver, B. C, has 
 recently l>een engaged on the steamer Zona. 
 
 Kdington, Thomas, mate, Victoria, H. C. 
 
 Edwards, H. S., steward on sailing vessels, has been sailing 
 on the coast since 1881 . 
 
 EUingsen, Capt. Ole Peter, Parkersburg, Or., was born in 
 Norway iu 1845 and came to the Pacific Coast in 1871. In iS-h 
 he was mate of the steamer Cordelia, running to Coquille, ami 
 served as mate in "the Coos Bay trade until 1884, when he 
 retired from the water for nine years. He returned in 1893 as 
 master of the schooner /\irkershurg, of which he is slill iti 
 command. 
 
 Ellingson, Charles, mate on sailing vessels, was born in 
 Norway in 1858. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1884 and \\a> 
 been sailing north from San Francisco since. He has recently 
 been connected with the schooner Addie. 
 
 Elliott, E. M., engineer, Marshfield, Or., whs born in 
 Texas in 1867. He commenced his marine career on Gray'-. 
 Harbor in i8.'>8, remaining there four years, and then went tr> 
 Coos Bay, where he is al present engaged as engineer on tlif 
 Cornel. 
 
 Ellis, R. H., engineer, Port Townsend, Wash. 
 
 Ellis, Capt. W. H., Eureka, Cal., was born in Massachi: 
 setts in 1838 ami began his marine service on the Atlanli' 
 Coast at the age of ten. He came to the I'acific Coast in iSb.' 
 as first officer of the bark //arty Hammond, of which he wii^ 
 placed in command on arrival. He commanded Americai: 
 
^ 
 
 Marine Men Engaged in the Waters of the Northwest 
 
 467 
 
 fas born i" 
 ■I. Ill iS7h 
 o<iiiiUe, ami 
 
 vcMcIs under the British flag for twenty years, sailinft to all 
 parts of the worlil. In 1HH7 he returned to the Pacific Coast 
 and located at Kureka, hut soon returned to the water as master 
 of the schooner Spiirto7i' for tliree years, and is at present un 
 tlie schooner Halcyon. 
 
 Ivllison, Isaac, mate, Portland, Or., was born in Liverpool, 
 KnKland, in 184S. He came to San I'rancisco in 1863 and since 
 then has navixateil the waters of the Pacific Coast from Cape 
 Horn to Alaska. 
 
 Kllikon, Thomas. San Francisco, chief steward of steamer 
 Wellington. 
 
 KIrod, Capt. W. K. , was born on Prince Kdward Island in 
 1846. He sailed in the deep-water service and on the Cireat 
 Lakes until 187], when he retired, but ten years later came 
 to Coos Bay. He purchased the steamer l.tilii, ran her for a 
 year, and on disposing of her remained ashoie for a few 
 months. He then took command of the tug I. ill ion and after- 
 ward the Kalie Cook, Exfress, Cumtu.v and Milton. He is at 
 present living at Marshfield, Or. 
 
 Klsmorc, John, master and pilot, was born in England in 
 1862. He came to Puget Sound in 1876, his first work lieing 
 on the steamer Nellie. He was afterward on the Eliza Ander- 
 son, George E. Starr, and a number of other well known 
 steamers. 
 
 Hngelbrecht, R. T., steamboat owner and boatbuilder, 
 Lake Washington, Wash. 
 
 Hnglisli, John, engineer, San I'rancisco, has been in the 
 steamship service on the Coast since 1872. He has ruu north 
 on the steamers Walla Walla, Colinuhia, Haylian Republii 
 and tug Eearleu, and is still connected with the latter. 
 
 Knson, C, mate on sailing vessels, has been sailing in 
 deep water and coastwise out of San I'rancisco since 1871, and 
 for the past two years has been on the schooner Glendale. 
 
 Kpler, John H., engineer, Portland, Or. 
 
 Erickson, K. T., San Francisco, mate on sailing vessels. 
 
 Krickson, Capt. Emanuel, Ho<|uiani, Wash., was Iwrn in 
 Sweden in 1854 and has been in the marine business for 
 twenty-three years. He came to the Pacific Coust in 1887 and 
 has been engaged on nearly all the steamers on (iray's Harbor, 
 serving as mnster on the /iilgar, A'c,t//c.H and Tillie. 
 
 Krickson, Capt. Frank, San Francisco, was born in Fin- 
 land in 1851. He came to the Pacific Coast in i.SHi, shipping 
 first as seaman on the barkcntiue .\'orth Bend. He afterward 
 ran as mate on a number of coasting vessels and in 1891 was 
 given command of the schoouer Antelope, with which he still 
 remains. 
 
 Erickson, John, mate on sailing vessels, San I'rancisco. 
 
 Ericsson, Charles, mate on coasting vessels, was born in 
 Sweden in 1865 and commenced his marine service in his 
 native country. He lias been running north from San I'ran- 
 cisco for about nine years, and for some time past has been 
 first officer on the steamer Whilesboro. 
 
 Ernst, Capt. Jacob, Marshfield, Or., master and engineer, 
 was l>orn in Ohio in 1845 and came to the Pacific Coast in 1S74, 
 beginning his marine career as ileckband on the sleainer 
 Messenger. He was afterward master of the Messenger a\v\ of 
 the steamer Myrtle, ami since 1875 has at different tunes com- 
 manded nearly every steamer on Coos Bay. At present he is 
 muster of the steamer lUitcher Hoy. 
 
 Etheridge, C, Olympia, Wash., boatbuilder, built the .llida 
 and other well known Sound vessels. 
 
 Eustis, Samuel, engineer and pilot, Seattle, Wash., was 
 born in Ottawa, III., and has been steainboating on the Sound 
 for about five years. 
 
 Evans, John, engineer, San Francisco, was born in England 
 ill i&y ami was for several years in the British Navy. He 
 came to the I'acific Coast in 1S76 and joined the steamship 
 /.ikelikc at Honolulu, engaged in the coasting trade around the 
 Hawaiian Islands. After leaving there Mr. Evans made a trip 
 to Australia, but soon afterward returned to the Islands and 
 went to Panama, where he was in the employ of the canal com- 
 pany for three years. On his return to San Francisco lie 
 sccuretl a position with the t'nioii Iron Works, working on the 
 cruiser Cnarlestoii. In 1888 he joined the steaiiisbip Willa- 
 mette, leaving her a few months later to go to Honolulu, where 
 he served for sixteen months on a steamer plying between the 
 Islands. In December, 1893, he went to the United States 
 steamer Hartley at San Francisco and has since remained with 
 her. 
 
 Evans, W. H., engineer, Vancouver, B. C. , was born in 
 England in 1862 and serveil an apprenticesliij) at T. Richardson 
 iS: Sons, afterward joining the tramp steamship Sveden. He 
 was employed on a number of steamships and has been in 
 several collisions. In 1884 he came to the Pacific Coast and 
 entered the employ of railroad contractor Onderdonk. In 1889 
 he joined the steamer Heaver as second assistant, remaining 
 with her but t*o trips, when she was wrecked. He was subse- 
 
 quently on the steamers Vaiuouver, Leonora, Swan, Agnes, 
 Cruiser and I^'airy (Jiieen. He made a few trips as sixth assis- 
 tant engineer on the steamship Emfires.. of China. 
 
 Everson, William T., Portland, Dr., was born in Ohio in 
 
 1847. He began steainboating on the Columbia River in 1870 
 ami was engaged on the Tnited States steamers Lincoln and 
 Cascades for several years. He then retired from the water and 
 entered the emplov of the Portland Iron Works, where he has 
 been master meclianic for several years, and was recently 
 appointed to the new office of stationary boiler inspector at 
 Portland. 
 
 Ewry, George, engineer, was born in Portland, Or., in 
 1861. He was with the Jefferson Street Ferry Company for 
 several years, and has since serveil as chief engineer of the 
 steamers Salem, Hatlie licltc and A'cliani. 
 
 Fader, Capt. E. J , Vancouver, B. C, was born in Halifax, 
 Nova Scotia, in 18(13. On coming to the Northwest he ran for 
 some time as master of the steamer Afuricl, having charge of 
 her when she picked up the crew of the Header ai the time of 
 her loss. 
 
 Fairfield, Daniel, engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Pandrich, Julius, mate on sailing vessels, was born in 
 Russia in 1846. He was engaged for ten years on the schooner 
 Electric and has since sailed on a number of other well known 
 coasters. He has been on the Pacific Coast for twenty-five 
 years, and is at present sailing on the schooner liobolink. 
 
 Farley. M. H., engineer, Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 Dubuijue, Iowa, and commenced steamlmating on the Willa- 
 mette River in iSSo, After running there a few years he went 
 to Puget Sound, where lie has since been engaged, recently 
 working on tlic steamer Petroitan chief engineer. He was also 
 for a short time on the middle and upgier Columbia River, 
 
 Farmer, H. W., engineer, Taconia, Wash. 
 
 Fast, .^xel, engineer, .Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Faugh, Tliomas, engineer, Marsbfielil, Or., was born in 
 Tennessee in 1849 and coniinenced his marine service on the 
 Mississippi River He came to Coos Hay in 1887 and has since 
 been engaged on different steamers there and on the Corjnille 
 and .Siuslaw rivers. 
 
 Ferguson, Alexamler, New Westminster, H. C, purser, 
 Canadian Pacific Nuvigatior C npany. 
 
 F'ergnson, M. J., engineer, was born in Belfast, Ireland, in 
 
 1848. He came to tile Pacific Coast on the steamship .Irizona, 
 remaining with her a few months, and then working at his 
 trade of boiler-maker for six years. In 1,879 he entered the 
 employ of the North I'acific Trailing & Packing Company, 
 going north for them and assisting in erecting a sawmill and 
 tannery on Prince of Wales Island. He remained in their 
 employ for five years, ami while there took the first steamer 
 over Copper River bar into Cape Marlin delta. Mr.Verguson 
 then went as engineer on the steamer Thistle for a year, and 
 was for two years engineer on the steamer GV/'/c Story, then 
 owiieil by Waller .Story, who was building a cannery on Kyack 
 Island. He was also engineer on the tug /hmald for a year 
 while she was towing on the Souni.. and spent one year in the 
 Arctic as chief engineer of a whaling steamship. Mr. Ferguson, 
 ill addition to his established reputation as an engineer, is 
 ({uite well known as an athlete, having taken a number of 
 prizes at athletic contests in England, Ireland and the United 
 .States. .\t present he is living in San Francisco. 
 
 Ferguson, William, steward, San Francisco. 
 
 Field, Archie, I.adner's Landing, B. C, master of the tug 
 Ihlta. 
 
 Fields, Capt. John M., was born in Ireland in 1S41. He 
 has been in the steamship service on the Pacific Coast since 
 1S69, rniining as first officer on the Pakota, .'iierra Xei'ada, 
 .I/ax, Ori/lamme, .'itatc 0/ Cali/oriiia and other steamers. 
 
 I'inn, L. J., engineer, Port Townseiid, Wash., was born in 
 Michigan in 1.S62. He has been connected with the marine 
 business for twelve years, and has run on steamers on Piiget 
 Sound since 18S7, most of the lime as second assistant. 
 
 Fisher, Capt. .\. C, master and pilot, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Fisher. Peter, steward of schooner Charles A. Falk, has 
 lieen sailing on the Pacific Coast since 1S75. 
 
 Fitch, Capt. Frank K., was born in New Vork in 1844 and 
 has been sailing in various jiarts of the world since boyhood. 
 He was for a short time boatkeeper of the State pilot schooner 
 San Jose off the mouth of the Columbia River, and was after- 
 ward appointed harbor master of the city of Portland. 
 
 Fitzgerald. Tliouias. Vancouver, B. C, sixth assistant 
 engineer of slcanisliip Warrimoo. 
 
 I'lavel, Capt. J. II., Edison, Wash., was born in Virginia in 
 1S32. He came to Puget Sound in the fifties and was for 
 several years in the employ of the Russian-.^merican Telegraph 
 Company as master of the schooner 1/ ingcd Racer. He retired 
 from the water about twenty years ago. 
 
 
 ( i 
 
 i \ \ 
 
 \ V 
 
468 
 
 Z.eif/8 (J Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Flint, Harry P., engineer, wu bom in New York City in 
 186^. !Ie commenced •teanibo*titi|{ on PuKet Sound in iHHi 
 as hrenian on the Hope, and wait afterward on tin- revenne cut- 
 ter OUi'er Wokoll and on Alasilta steamers. He commenced 
 tU|{l>oatinK several years ago and is at present engaged on the 
 .Veil l.ioH. 
 
 Flint, Julius, master. Port Townsend, Wash., was Imrn in 
 Denmark in 1852. He liesan sailing on the Pacific Coast in 
 1H71 on the hark Amethyst. In 1879 he was in the employ of 
 the Alaska Pur Company between San Francisco and Alaska, 
 remaining with them until 1882. He then commenced tug- 
 hoating on Puget Sound, running as mate and pilot on the 
 S. I.. Minlick,J. B. Libby, Sea l.ton and others. 
 
 Polwrg, Alfred, mate, San Francisco. 
 
 Foley, Capt. J. B., was born on Prince Kdward Island in 
 1858. He was in the Gloucester, Mass., fishing fleet as seaman 
 for eight years and then took command of a mackerel schooner. 
 He came to British Columbia in 1887 and joined the tug Veloi 
 as mate, and was afterward on the steam schooner Mischief ani\ 
 the Capilano, engaged in halibut fishing. Captain Foley is at 
 present manager of the American Fish Company at New West- 
 minster, B. C. 
 
 Foley, Thomas, engineer, was horn in San Francisco and 
 began steaniboating on Puget Sound in 188(1 on the J. I!, t.ibby. 
 He has since lieen connected with a number of well known 
 Puget Souml steamers and was with the J. R. McDonald 
 when she burned at Prevost Island. 
 
 Foniian, Capt. John D., Nanaimo, B. C. 
 
 Forrest, Capt. C. M., was born in .Sweden in 1846 and ran 
 on sailing vessels on the Atlantic Coast for a few years, coming 
 to the Pacific Coast in 1866. The followin^^ are the names of 
 son '■ of the vessels he has been connecte<l with : ships Caroline 
 Keed, Helios, bark Almalia, schooner Wild Pigeon, wrecked 
 at Stewart's Point obout 18' i, schooners rhoehc Fay, Ati:ona, 
 randeihill, Slaghoiind, Jennie Thelin, Fannie Piitard, Elsie, 
 and steamer F.astporl, running to Coos Bay. For the past nine 
 years he has been connected with the schooner Melancthon as 
 master, running from San Francisco to Alaska points and 
 Gray's Harbor. 
 
 Foster, Capt, Henry, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Foster, Robert, engineer, Victoria, H. C, was born in New 
 York City in 1857 and began running on the steamer Otter out 
 of Victoria in 18S7. He continued there for two years and was 
 then with the British Columbia Transportation & Towing 
 Company on the steamers /leaver, Graf pier and Pilol. He 
 has also served on the steamers Sardonyx, Cariboo and F/ymid 
 Gertrude. He has recently been on the steameryciin. 
 
 Foster, Thomas, master mariner, Victoria, B. C. 
 
 Fowler, G. C, engineer, San Francisco, was born in New 
 York in,i8j7 and served for a great many years on Vanderbilt's 
 steamers on the Atlantic Coast, running as chief engineer on 
 the North Star, Northern Light . Star of the West, New York 
 and others. From Vanderbilt's employ Mr. Fowler went to the 
 Pacific Mail Steam.ship Company, working for tlieni fifteen 
 years, eight of which he was superintending engineer in the 
 construction of the steamships Acapulco, Grenada, Colon, 
 Colima. City of Tokio and City of Peking. He remained with 
 them on the Pacific Coast for a year and then resigned and 
 engaged in the coal trade. 
 
 Fox, A. L., engineer, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Fox, James C, engineer, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Fox, John, engineer, Astoria, Or., superintendent of Astoria 
 Iron Works. 
 
 Franke, B. J., mate on sailing vessels, has been in the 
 coasting trade for twelve years. 
 
 Fraser, A. M., engineer, Port Townsend, Wash., was born 
 in Scotland in 1847. He came to Puget Sound in 1.S76, began 
 running as second assistant on the Favorite, and was afterward 
 employed on the St. Patrick, Colfax, Politkofsky, Fnterprise, 
 Queen City and Wildwood. 
 
 Fraser, Daniel, engineer, was born in Nova Scotia and 
 began steaniboating on Puget Sound in 1882 on the Politkofsky, 
 where he was engaged as first assistant and chief four years. 
 He was afterward on the Sarah M. Renton, Fanny Lake, 
 George E. Starr and others. 
 
 Fraser, Capt. Lyman H., New Westminster, B. C, was bom 
 in Nova Scotia in 1867. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1890 
 and joined the Fraser River steamer Telephone as mate for two 
 and one-half years. He was afterward master of the Delta and 
 then took command of the Telephone. 
 
 Frederick, Capt. Robert, Jr., Bandon, Or., was born in 
 Petaluma, Cal., in 1868 and commenced stcamboating in 1889 
 on the Restless on Coquille River. He has since been con- 
 nected with the Dispatch and Alert. 
 
 Freeman, A., master mariner, Vancouver, B. C, came to 
 Vancouver in 1890 and has since been connected with the 
 Skidegate, Culch, Glide, Cotnox and Capilano. 
 
 Freeman, F. W., mate on sailing vessels and steam 
 schooners, was for seven years on the Helen W. .limy ami 
 has served on other well known vessels. 
 
 Freeman, Capt. Joseph, was born in Brewster, Mass., in 
 183s, began in the marine liusiness in 1851, and has Iwen sail 
 ing in various parts of the world since. He lost the shi|> 
 Gold Hunter in the China Sea and with great difTicnlty reached 
 shore. On returning to the ITnited Stales he remained ashore 
 four years, and then took command of the ship Glory of the 
 Seas, which he has sailed since 1885. 
 
 Freeman, T. J., Vancouver, B. C, wharfinger of tinioii 
 Steamship Company. 
 
 Freethy, W. A., master of American bark Pbrtl'tnd Lloyds.. 
 
 French, Capt. Austin I,., Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 French, K. J., engineer, was born ii; C.ilifornia in 1862 and 
 has been engaged in the marine business since 1881. He lins 
 recently Iwen connected with the Rosalie on Puget Sound. 
 
 French, Capt. G. 11., New Westminster, B. C, master of 
 towing steamers. 
 
 Frye, Capt. George F., who was on the J. Ii. Libby as 
 
 Curser and master during her early days on Puget Sound, was 
 orn in Germany in 1833 and has had but little experience in 
 steaniboating. He ran as purser on the /.ibby (or about a year, 
 in 1S7U had command of the steamer, and as captain and purser 
 ran her about four years. On failing to again secure the mail 
 contract at the expiration of that time, he retired from tlie 
 water and has not been identified with the marine business since. 
 
 Frye, George W., shipping master, Victoria, B. C. 
 
 Fuller, 0. H., master and pilot, Portland, Or. 
 
 FuUerton, Capt. James A., marine superintendent, V,in- 
 couver, B. C, was liorn in Kngland in 1X45. He commenced 
 his marine service in 1S72 with the Allen steamship line, with 
 whom he remained for sixteen years in charge of their receiv- 
 ing departments at Montreal, Portland, Me., and Boston. He 
 came to the Pacific Coast in 1SH8 as marine superintendent of 
 the Fairfield Shipbuilding Company of Glasgow, Scotlaml, 
 who were operating the steamers Abyssinia, Parthia, Jiatnvia 
 and Danube. In May, 1891, he left the service of that company 
 and joined the Canadian Pacific Rai'way Company. 
 
 FuUerton, John, master mariner, .San Francisco, was born 
 in Ireland in 1857 and has been sailing north from San Fran- 
 cisco since 1879. He was first on the bark Aureola for five 
 years and recently on the ship yosemite. 
 
 Fulton, Capt. F,., New Westminster, B. C, was born in 
 Nova Scotia in 1862. He came to the Pacific Coast in 188S and 
 purchased an interest in the tug .Swan, which he ran for a year 
 and then took command of the tug /ris. He afterward coui- 
 manded the tugs Prunette, Fancouvet and Fslelle, and has 
 recently had charge of the steamer Coi/uitlam. 
 
 Fussell, Capt. John, was liorii in Massachusetts in 185.S. 
 Me commenced steaniboating on Puget Sound on the Faiiiiv 
 Lake in 1878. He is at j>re.sent living at IJtcatnr Island, .San 
 Juan, Wash. 
 
 Gallop, Capt. J. T. , was born in Kngland in 1S50 and cotii- 
 nienced Ins marine career in that country in 1869. He shortly 
 aftt rward came to the United States and served in the iron 
 trade on the Great Lakes. He came to '.he Pacific Coast in 
 1874 and received his first command in 1881 on the schooner 
 Vandeibilt. .A year later he went to the barkentine Monitor. 
 where he remained for about six years afterward handling tlic 
 schooner Mary /)Mtge for the same length of time. For ilie 
 past two years he has had command of the schoonery. G. Wall. 
 
 Galloway, P'rederick Payne, third officer of steamship 
 /impress of India. 
 
 Gninage, K. H., mate and pilot, was born in Maine in 1.S6S. 
 His first marine work was on the tug //unter on Grav's Harbor 
 in 1884. He has since served o.? the steamers .%«//< llend, Tom 
 Morns, City of .Isloria, tugs Traveler, Ranger, and other 
 Gray's Harbor ami .Shoalwater Bay craft. 
 
 Gammon, Capt. AbnerS., was born in Maine in i8.to and 
 began his marine career at the age of fifteen, sailing to Euro- 
 pean ports on the ship Abner Stetson. He was afterward 
 engaged on the clipper ship Beverly anil was with her when 
 she was chased by tlie privateer Florida. His first work on 
 the Pacific Coast was on the bark Cowlitz in 1882. He h.is 
 continued sailing in the Northwest since, and has recently had 
 command of the ship Louis Walsh. 
 
 Gard, Patrick, engineer on Puget Sound steamers, began 
 mnning as fireman on the Etiza Anderson in 1874. He w.i.-i 
 afterward fireman on the Glide, Olympia, George E. Slair, 
 City of Qitincy and Daisy, and ran as engineer on the steamers 
 Galena, At A'l, Washington, Bis, W. F. Munroe, Fairhaven. 
 State of Washington, Zephyr, Skagit Chief, Hassalo, and tui;'- 
 Mogul and Sea Lion. 
 
 Gardner, Adelbert, engineer, Portland, Or., was born in 
 New York in 1848. He began steamboating on the Willamcl.t- 
 on the A. A. McCully, and has since been engaged on ,1 
 
Marine Men Engaged in the Watera of the Northwett 
 
 469 
 
 iium' ' of well known nteanicni on tlie Willanirtte anil Colum- 
 bia riicTH and Ciinir il'Alene I.nkc. lie retired from tlie water 
 a iiliort time u){0 and i* iit preiient one of the cnxineerit of the 
 I'nrtland I-'ire Department. 
 
 (iaiih, Frederick, Seattle, Wnnh., wax mauler on a few 
 ateainers on I'nKet Sound in the early aevrntieH. lie waa on 
 the ( '<•/»■/(', /://<; H-'/tile and one or two otluTH. t)f late yearB 
 he liaa not been identiHed with the Iniaineoii, ami in now county 
 comniiMioner of Kinx County, Waah. 
 
 Gau^uey, I,., atewanl, Siui I'rancifico. 
 
 dates, Al W., mate, waa born in Maine in 1S59 and liia lieen 
 ateamboatinK on the Columbia Kiver at intervals aince 1N81. 
 He lieKau on the ateamer .l/iir. 
 
 Gawler, CicorKe, steward of steamahip IVaniiiioo. 
 
 Oeuereanx, Capl, I{. C, wua born in San I'rancisco in 1X71. 
 He commenced his marine Hervice in iHMK ami fur the past 
 two veara has been nioater and part owner uf the Hchoouer 
 Marion. He is one of the youngest maaterH sailing out of San 
 I'rancisco. 
 
 Gettenby, Thomas, mate on sniliuK vessels, was born in 
 Ireland in i8iSi and hua lieen coaatiuft out of San Francisco 
 for the past nine years. 
 
 Gibson, GeorKc I.., master uf sailing vessels, Iterkeley, 
 Cal. 
 
 Gilbert, Georfje, en);ineer, Victoria, B. C, was burn in 
 lidinburKh, Scotland, in 1S54. lie be^nu his marine .service in 
 the Northwest in 18.S6 and for several years past has been 
 engaged on the steam schooner Michigan. 
 
 Gilbreatli, Oliver, mate on river steamers, was Imrn in 
 Tualitin, Or., in 1SS7. lie commenced steauiboatinK in |S8(> 
 on the Government snaKboat Corvallts, with which he remained 
 for a number of years. He was also on the snaxlmat Skagit on 
 Puget Sound for six years. 
 
 Gilchrist, James, Vancouver, 11. C, ninth assistant engi- 
 neer of steamship Hiii/orss 0/ liiilia. 
 
 Gill, J. A., engineer, Victoria, H. C, was born in New 
 Hruuswick in 1S51 and commenced his marine work as engi- 
 neer on tugboats on the St. John Kiver. He came to Victoria 
 in 1886 and was employed as chief on the steamer H'ooiiside. 
 He was afterward engagetl on the steamers Paisy, Cariboo am/ 
 Fly and Velos. 
 
 Gill, Joseph, Vancouver, H. C, mate of steamer Tepic. 
 
 Gillam, P.. W., pur.ser, Seattle, Wash , was born in Minne- 
 sota in 1858. He served as purser on steamers on the Missouri 
 Kiver before coming to the Pacific Coast, and since that time 
 has been engaged on all of the steamers of the Puget Sound 6t 
 Alaska Steamship Company and several of the Oregon Railway 
 & Navigation Company's steamers. 
 
 Gilmore, Capt. Charles 1'., was born in Maine in 1852 and 
 has been in the marine business since 1S66. His first work 
 in the Northwest was on the Hmsalo iu 18S3. He is at present 
 living at Kverett, Wash. 
 
 Gilmore, Capt. David, Seattle, Wash., was born in Ireland 
 in 1842. He has been engaged in a number of steamboat ven- 
 tures on Puget Sound. When the steamer Edith was brought 
 to the Sound he was in command for a few months, and also 
 owned the steamers Hope ami .V. /.. Maalick. lie retired 
 from the water a few years ago. 
 
 Gilson, George N., engineer, is a native of New Vork and 
 was running on ipiite a number of Puget Sound steamers 
 between 1874 and 1879, first being on the HIack Diamond. He 
 was also on the Phantom, Favoiitc, l^espalch and llaztlle, and 
 in iS,S9 was again running to the Sound on the steamships 
 Umaiilta and Willamette. He retired from the water a few 
 years ago and is now eiigiueer al the Broadway Pumping 
 Station, Lake Washington. 
 
 Gjertsen, Andrew, mate and ship-carpenter, was in the 
 lighthouse service on the Manzanita for three years. He 
 was severely injured at Tillamook in 1890 and has since been 
 assistant keeper at the North Cove lighthouse. 
 
 Glo.ssop, Henry R., Griswold, Wash., steward on Puget 
 Sound steamers. 
 
 Goddyu, A.lolph, engineer, Victoria, B. C, was born in 
 Itelgium in 1862 and serveil his apprenticeship at Cockerill's 
 shipyard at Antwerp. He came to Victoria in 1S88, serving 
 first on the tug Muriel. 
 
 Goepper, C. M., steward, Santa Anna, Cal. 
 
 Goggins, William, engineer, Wenatchie, was born in Wis- 
 consin in 1864 and commenced liis marine career on the Red 
 River of the North. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1SS7 
 and worked for a short time on the ferry-boat Rattler on the 
 Columbia River. He was next on the steamer Hreyhoiiud ou 
 the Sound and has recently been engaged on the City of 
 Ellenshiirg ou the upper Columbia River. 
 
 Goldsmith, Bernard, Portland, Or., was president of the 
 company that built the locks at Oregon City. I^Ie was born in 
 
 Germany in i8.)3, and, iu connection with the Willamette 
 Locks K Transportation Company, was interested in steam- 
 lioating for five or six years. 
 
 Good, James, master and pilot, Portland, Or. 
 
 Goo<lell, George, engineer, Astoria, Or, 
 
 Goo<lell, T. II., engineer, Hoi|uiam, was born iu Wash- 
 ington in 1868 and has been engineer on Gray's Harbor 
 steamers for the past three years. 
 
 (ioodwin, John J., engineer of dredge, Victoria, B. C. 
 
 Gordon, William S., master. South Bend, Wash., was born 
 in Oregon City in |86,S. His first steauiboating was on the 
 Ohio i\w\ City of Salem, afterward going fnmi the Willamette 
 River to Shoalwater Bay, where he has lieen employed on the 
 steamers Faiorite. South /lend, Tom Morris and City of 
 ^Istiiria. He has also run as master of the steamers /.a Camai, 
 .•Harm and Pisfiateh, 
 
 Gdsse, Josiah, pilot, Victoria, B. C, was Imrn in Newfunnd- 
 laiiil in 1,865, and shipped before the mast when a bo^', After 
 sailing iu various parts of the world, he arrived in Victoria in 
 18S7, and was first employed on the steamer i'oiemite as 
 ((uartermaster. He next was mate on the .S'div/ii'/i.r and then 
 took the steamers ll'iiini/red and .Standard up the .Skeena 
 Kiver, serving as master of the latter ves.sel for two seasons 
 and afterwaril holding a similar position uii the A'aiiibow. In 
 1891 he coimneuced running as pilot on the Vancouver route 
 in the service of the Canadian Pacific Navigation Company. 
 
 Goulter, J. R., secretary of the Ilwaco Railway it Naviga- 
 tion Comiiatiy, has been cotiii'^cted with the marine liusiness as 
 agent ami iu other capacities on shore since 1875. 
 
 Graham, David, mate on sailing vessels, was born in Hali- 
 fax, Nova Scotia, in 1856, and has been sailing on the Pacific 
 Coast since l8S^v 
 
 Graham, James, liardiner, Or., master and engineer, was 
 born ill Brooklyn, N. V., in i,S65. He began steatiiboating on 
 the I'mixpia River ou the virago in 18S11, and was afterward 
 on the Juno as engineer and master. 
 
 Gralund, John, steward, San I'rancisco, Cal., has served on 
 the bark 7"c;«^/(r>-, schooner /'<j//<"i' /'(i/X'C and tug Taeoina. 
 
 Grauilt, Ca]it. M. A., was born in Denmark in 1855. lie 
 came to the Pacific Coast in 1875 and began sailing in the 
 lumber traile on the schooners t'«;«/»<'(»-, '/wilight »m\ IV. /.. 
 Heebe. His first command was the steamer Orion, where he 
 remained for two years, then going to the /da A/eA'ay for nine 
 years. He had conimand of the steamer //uml'oldt for a few 
 months, and while so engaged was so severely injured by a big 
 sea gtiing over the vessel that it necessitated the aiiiputation of 
 his leg. On recovering he joined the schooner ( heidental. 
 
 Granger. Daviil, engineer, Duwamish, Wash., was first 
 assistant on the steamer City of Seattle with Robert Turner 
 and has recently been engaged on the A'u.salie. 
 
 Grant, Capt. William P., New Westminster, B. C, was born 
 in Nova Scotia in 1853, began steamboating on the Praser 
 Kiver in |S8?, and has recently been engaged as pilot on the 
 steamer Transfer. 
 
 Gra-inan, John K., bar pilot, Astoria, Or., was born in 
 Sweden in jRss and began steamboating on the Columbia 
 Kiver on the Hide West in 1S73. He afterward ran for several 
 years on Columbia River bar tugs and iu 189(1 was appointiil to 
 his present position of bar pilot. 
 
 Gray, John Sherman, Gardiner, Or., is interested in the 
 schooners .Sadie, /.onise and /.iiey. He is a great grandson of 
 Capt. John tiray, who was a brother of Capt. Roliert Gray, the 
 discoverer of the Columbia Kiver. 
 
 Gray, John II., engineer, Vancouver, B. C, was born in 
 Ontario in 1855. His marine service began on the lakes ami 
 rivers of the Kastern coast. In 1883 he came to the Pacific 
 Coast and joined the Western .Slope, owned by William Moore. 
 Mr. Gray has since been engaged on a number of well known 
 British steamers and recently has been employed as chief engi- 
 neer of the tug /■Irtii'e. 
 
 Gray, Capt. Robert, Nanaimo, B. C, was born in 1S33. 
 He began sailing out of ICnglish ports to Calcutta and while in 
 that trade rose to the position of master. He came to San 
 Francisco in 1S62 and from there to Nanaimo a few years later, 
 running a small schooner in the coal trade and 'fterward 
 selling her and working iu the mines at Nanaimo as engineer. 
 After remaining there eight years he removed to a farm on 
 Gabriola Island, leaving there in 1875 to take charge of the 
 Government liglilhouse, where he has since remained. 
 
 Green, Com. C. V... master of Bowers Dredge No. 4, Port- 
 laud, Or., was born in Illinois in iS6,v His marine work has 
 been confined to dredges and Government work. 
 
 Green, John, engineer, was born in England in 182,8. He 
 came to the Pacific Coast in 1850 and commenced running on 
 the steamer Xorlh .Imeriea. lie was afterward on the Cortez, 
 rntiniiig to Panama, for two years, and was for eighteen years 
 
 I 
 
470 
 
 Lewii 4 Drydon'i Marina Hi$tory of the Pacifk Northwett 
 
 Id the eniplny o( Ilcti Itnllailay, ruiinitiK iii>rtli iiumt of tlie time 
 at Mroiid HuUlmit. lie in at prcwiit uii the Kteaiiisliip )'iii/HiMii. 
 
 ('•reeii, C'a|it. Tlien., Seattle, WhuIi., whh iHirii in Cniiaila 
 in 1H49 anil linn lieen in the nmriiie liuaineta fur twrnt> -three 
 yean, miMtly on the Atlantic Coaat. Ilia Oral wurk on the 
 Sound wan uii the AAMo in 1SH7. 
 
 Ureenleaf, Ciipt. I{. N., mate nnil pilot, wnii liorn in Maine 
 ill 1H69. He came to the Pacific Coaat in 1HH4, aervinK aa 
 acconil male on the (hiiiililla until iihe waa cnat away, lie waa 
 mate on the ateainer Whililaw anil alao on the U'lllamfllt-. ami 
 then came to Victoria in the employ of the San I'rancisco 
 IlriiiKe Company to linilil the I'oint \'.\\\» liriilxe. CiiptHin 
 tireenleaf hiia mnce reaiileil at that i>lacc, where he haa con- 
 ilucled a ahippin^ oll'ice and alao had char^i' or a navi){ntion 
 Hchool. 
 
 (ireenlt-ar, Capt. Siliia N,, waa Imrn in Maine in |H,)7. He 
 firat came tu the Pacific Cimat in iNisS and aailed for a year u» 
 mate on the hri); IK /'. A'l'x'. In iMii he wiia inaater of the 
 liark Ork, two yeara later holding a aimilar |H>aitiiin on the 
 hark Geornf H'lishinglon. He alao comnianiU'd the ahip Hilois 
 and in 1H67 hriMi>;ht the ahip Samnsr/ from Pliilaitelphia tii San 
 Franciarn, a year later lirin)^inK out the ahip I'MW/o, willi 
 which he aailed forei){n aKain. From iN7.t to iSHi he waa 
 aailiuK the ahip Uimm in the cotton trade, leaviiiK her for the 
 ship Fannie Tuiki-r, which he aailed until iSNi^. Captain 
 Greenleaf then sold out am retired Troni the aea and i» at 
 present livinK in Seattle, Waah. 
 
 ('•reenshielila, John M., enKinecr. Victoria, It. C , waa horn 
 in Scotland in 1H61 and coninienced hia niiirine career in the 
 Northwest on the tu({ I'ilol in 1HH8. He waa afterward on the 
 Klla While, Ciilih and a nnmher of other ateainera, iiuil has 
 recently l>een eu){aKed as chief euKineer on the /i>ii//. 
 
 Gregory, OeortjeW., engineer, Hoiiuiam, Wash , waa horn 
 in Missouri in i,S6M and liegan in the murine service on (iray'a 
 Harhor in iC>S9. 
 
 Oriifin, Walter h., mute, Otympia. Wash. 
 
 Oriiruhs, J., master of the ship h'iveisdale, waa horn in 
 Wales in iSsi and haa heen sailing to Pacific Coast porta since 
 ■ H85. 
 
 Oriffilhii. Capt. Thomas II., was horn in Wales in 18^}. .At 
 the age of thirteen he began .sailing on a fruiter in the Medi- 
 terranean. He came to the Pacific Coast as i|uarterniaster on 
 the steamship Unde Sam in 1K53, leaving her nnd making u 
 trip to Shoalwater Hay on the schooner Empire. He continued 
 sailing out of San Francisco as mute until 18611, when he was 
 f{iven command of the schooner Coquelle. He sailed as master 
 in the Ilodega and Mendocino lumber trade until 1881, when 
 he coninienced running to the Sandwich Islands, nnd with the 
 exception of occasional trips to Puget Sound has been in the 
 Island trade since that time. 
 
 Grimsley, J. H., engineer, was born in Jacksonville, III., in 
 1839. He began his marine career on the steamer Union in 
 1864, running on the Willamette River, and for twenty-four 
 years served 011 difTerent steamers on the upper and lower 
 Columbia and Willamette rivers. He is at present engineer on 
 the steamer Aberdeen, running between Seattle and Ulympia. 
 
 Gritman, W. I,., purser, was born in Illinois in 1866. lie 
 coninienced steamlioating on Puget Sound in 1886 and bus since 
 lieen engaged on nearly all the leading steamers on the .Sound. 
 
 Groat, Capt. John, Kinpire City, Or., wiua born in .Scotluiid 
 in i860. He came to this country when a boy and has been in 
 the employ of the (iovcrnment since iHSi, most of the time on 
 dredges and in connection with lighthouse work. He is at 
 present connected with the steamer (ieneral IVri/ihl. 
 
 Grubbs, C. W., engineer, Portland, Or. 
 
 Grumlund, Claus, was born in Sweden in 1S54. On coining 
 to the I'nited States he sailed out of New York ports until 1882, 
 when he came to Portland and commenced work on the steamer 
 Joseph Kellogg. He was afterward engaged on the A. A. 
 McCully, Telephone and Allona as fireman, and for the past 
 two years has been second assistant engineer on the steamers 
 Elwood and /Dallas City. 
 
 Gudmanaen, A. B., master of schooner Roy Sommers, San 
 Francisco. 
 
 Gunderson, C. G., steward, began running out of San Fran- 
 cisco on the Aja.r in 1873, and, with the exception of a trip to 
 liiverpool, England, on the AteXear, has been on coasting 
 vessels and river si 'aniers since that time. He retired from the 
 water about 1890 and is now living af Port Townsend, Wash. 
 
 Guns, Thomas S , mate, Victoria, B. C. 
 
 Guptil, v., Seattle, Wash., purser of steamer Rosalie. 
 
 Guptil, Fred L,, engineer, was born in Wisconsin in 1867 
 and commenced steambnating on Puget Sound on the North 
 Pacific in 1886. 
 
 Gustafson, Capt. E., Shelton, Wash., was born in Sweden 
 
 ; Sound since 1SS3, 
 
 in 1854 and has been steamboating on Puget i- 
 beginning that year on the Rip I an Winkle. 
 
 Haaven, Iver, engineer, Astoria, dr. 
 
 Hackett, Harry A., engineer, Albina, Waah, has served on 
 the ateamera .llhina. I'eto, cyclone, Paisv Anilrus, llallie 
 llelle and .SViir* .Sheet h'eriy. 
 
 Hackett, M. A , maaler and pilot, Portland, Or. 
 
 Iladtiick, Samuel, male, Portland, Or. 
 
 Iludlung, Williain, engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Hague, Charles J., en)fineer, Vancouver, Wash., haa licen 
 engaged in tlie marine buaiiiean for about fifteen yeara, moat of 
 wliicii were ajieut on the ateamera of the Vancouver Tranapor 
 tation Company. For the |iusl five yeara he has lieen clliel 
 engineer of the Portland & Vancouver Railroad F'erry. 
 
 Hale, W. .S., engineer, .Seattle, Waah., haa been steamlioal 
 ing nil Puget Suunil for eleven years, ciiinniencing on the 
 steamer Aailie in 1884. In 1885 he waa on the steamers Hi:. 
 I'elilo nnd .W/Z/c, and has since been engaged on the Willie, 
 Rip l',in Winkle, /iiiniHii and A'ii//'r' on the Sound, and on the 
 /.one Fisherman uiid .liaskan in Alnaka waters. He has 
 recently been connected with the Rainiei on the Hood's Canal 
 route. 
 
 Hull, A. I.., first officer of steamship City of I'uehla, was 
 lioni ill Maine in 1868. Ilia first work on the Pacific Coast was 
 on the ./«<(>« in iS,S8. 
 
 Hall, A. W., mate on sailing vessels, was born in Massa- 
 chusetts in i8.<;6. He has been sailing out of Pacific Coast porta 
 since 1876, most of the time in the lumber trade, and has run 
 for a long time 011 the ship Hlory 0/ the Seas. 
 
 Hull, Capt. J. T., was born in Polk County, Or , in 18.^9. 
 He coninienced steumbouling on Coos Hay in 1884 and was 
 engaged on the I'oos, .^fyrlle, .Satellite, Restless, Mountaineer, 
 i'arro and others. In July, 1894, he was appointed deputy 
 collector at Kinpire City ami retired from the water. 
 
 H:<ll, Capt. Otto v., Ilwaco, Wash., was muster of the 
 stcainer ^'olga and built and ran the ateauier Hattie for a short 
 time. 
 
 Hall, Richard, Victoria, B. C, retired purser, was born in 
 San Francisco in 1852. He waa purser on tlie steamer OVr/fUi/>' 
 on the .Stickeen River for two years and held a similar position 
 on the steamer Crappler. Mi.'llnll has recently been interested 
 in the sealing schooners (ienei'a, Ocean llelle and Ainoko. 
 
 Hall, Capt. Rolierl, Port Townsend, Wash., has been 
 engaged in the marine business for fourteen years. He w<is 
 inasler of the tugs /.'/vdiirM' and A*!!//!' in 1891 and 1892, and 
 has recently been employed as mate on the lug Tyee. 
 
 Hull, W. A., engineer, Aslorin, tlr. 
 
 Hulligun, M, C, steward, Olympia, Wash. 
 
 Ilaner, William, steward, Portland, Or. 
 
 llanke, Christ, engineer, .\storia. Or, 
 
 Hunley, John, engineer, was born in New York in 1834. 
 He first worked on the old steamship ru/nwA/a with Captain 
 Dall, nud afterward was on the Imlepeiidence on the Willamette 
 River in 1858. He is at present engineer at St. Vincent's 
 Hospital in Portland, Or. 
 
 Hannah, John, steward, New Weslniinster, B. C. 
 
 Hunnegan, William J , purser, Wlialconi, Wash., was born 
 in Chicago in 1862. He has been engaged on the steamers 
 Josephine, Wasco and Idaho, and also as agent for the Pacific 
 Navigation Company. 
 
 Hansen, Capt. Bernard, was born in Norway in 1S53 and 
 came to the Pacific Coast on an ICnglisli ship in 1871, Joining 
 the Hawaiian bark Queen Emma ut San Francisco. In 1876 he 
 was mate of the schooner d'olden Gate, and after running in 
 that capacity for ten years was given command of the schooner 
 W. S. /helps. In 1S89 he took the schooner J. /ippinger, 
 going from her to the schooner Addie, where he has been 
 engaged for the past four years. 
 
 Ilansen, Edward, engineer. Empire City, Or. 
 
 Hansen, F., mate of steamer /'roleclion. 
 
 HuiKsen, II. J., mate und master of sailing vessels, wus born 
 in Norway ill 1862. He has served as master of the schooners 
 Jennie Thelin and Reliance, and has recently been engaged on 
 the schooner Eclipse. 
 
 Hansen, Harry, steward, San Francisco. 
 
 Hansen, Capt. I.., Sun Francisco. 
 
 Hansen, Capt. Lars, muster of sailing \e8sels, wa& bjni in 
 Norway in 1.S54. He has been cn^jaged in the marine business 
 for twenty-five years, has been sailing coastwise out of San 
 Francisco since 18.S4, and is at present master of the schooner 
 Jennie Thelin. 
 
 Hansen. Capt. Lewis, was born in nenniurk in 1866, com- 
 menced his murine service on the North Sea, and came to the 
 Pacific Coast in 18S7, joining the schooner /larbara Roscou'itz. 
 In 1888 he wius second mate of the schooner Tillamook, 
 remaining there as mate and second mate four years. He then 
 took cominand of the steamer Laguna for a year, when he 
 returned to the Tillamook as muster. 
 
. — -- _ f m i .„ 
 
 Tl 
 
 Marine Men Engaged in the Waters of the Northwest 
 
 471 
 
 lluniicii, Ciipl. N.. wan Imrn in DeniiiHrk iinil hua Iweii 
 •■IliliK oil tjie I'ncilic CoMi.t niiii-c INH.S, IwKiniiiiiK ini (he Imrk 
 Sliitley. lie liaa Hrrviil (in tin- StmiluH, MilnHiihoH »i\i\ Jiimes 
 I'hffloH, mill (iiicc 1HS7 liR« liHil (■iiiiiiiiiiiiil of the Imrkeiitiiie 
 (Juiik\lf/>. 
 
 IIiiiiMii, (lliir, iiialf, lltHiiilaiii, \V'h»Ii , lieKiui •teniiilHmtitix 
 (III the Ciiliiiiiliiii River on llie H'illamfllf Chifl in 1S77. He 
 wan ciiKaKeil (in nearly all the Cdliunliia Klver uteainera until 
 iHHA, wfieii he went to ('>ray'» llarlMir. lie liaa aincc lii-en 
 rniployeil mi Hleamera in that vic-inity, anil ha» rectntly lieeii 
 eiiKUK^*' "" niatf mi the tiiK Tunvltr. 
 
 Ilanami, Allien, niiiU- on aailinK vi-aaela, waa liorn in Nor- 
 way in I'SfiV Iff liiiH lieeii coaHtiiix imrtli Iruiii Sun l''ranci»co 
 xiiice iHHi, anil han recently been cngaKed on the hark 
 ( '. //. Kentiey. 
 
 Hiiimon, Capt. (i. I'., wiia liorn in Denmark In 1861 and hat 
 lieeii roaHtiiiK out of San I'rHneiHro ainre 1SS5, He hat lieeii 
 niHster of the Hchooiier!! Chailes <!, Ili/san, I.elilia, Norma, 
 harks f '. /'. Kihhiv anil I'russiii, 
 
 Hnniioii, I. J., niHHter anil pilot, Seattle, VVaah , ia owner of 
 the ateatiier Ifullif llaiiwtt. 
 
 Ilainilton, Capt. John, waa horn In Kentucky in 1H5S anil 
 came to I'UKet Sound in iHS<i lie was lirHt cnxaKed on the 
 steamer C/ii/iii/i< anil has since liceii on the /(>(('/>/;;«r, J'lutiln, 
 James Mi S'aiight, Gliilr and fniliana, having owned and coin- 
 inanded the latter steamer for the past three years. 
 
 Hamilton, John Kdward, mate, Vancouver, II. C. 
 
 Hamlin, \V. I,., enKineer, Wallnla, Wash., lias heen ateani- 
 boatiuK "" '''*! upper Columhin since 1H79, runninu as engineer 
 on the //(•//(■, /.i::ie Linn, Seaiiitf, .-tlkali, A'atlief and Cnr/if 
 A'ii/ian/. 
 
 Ilarde, Capt. H., was liorn ill Germany in i>i^,] and com- 
 meiiced his marine service at the aue of fourteen. He came to 
 the I'acific Coast ill 1S70 and has liail command of the schooners 
 /->. C //aiiins, /da h'lorencr and PaiiiilUss. He liaa been 
 connected with a numlier of other small vessels, hut iit present 
 has retired from the water and is living in San Francisco. 
 
 Harding, Capt. N. S., was liorn in Massachusetts in 1H42. 
 Hi- ca.iiu to the I'acific Coast on the ship (,'iacf PailhiK nearly 
 twenty years ago, hut returned and did not come out again 
 until a few years ago. He is at present on the ship America. 
 
 Hardwick, Capt. Udward N., was horn in San I'rancisco in 
 186] and has been sailing out of his native port since boyhood. 
 He was with the brig Ihacon for nearly seven years in various 
 capacities, and in 18S7 was given command of the schooner 
 Harbara /femsli'r, which he ran in the coasting trade four 
 years, leaving her for a position as first officer on the steamer 
 Cleone, He was next on the steamer Silver Sfiring;, first as 
 mate and then as master, unfortnnately losing her two months 
 after taking charge. He is at present master of the steamship 
 A'avarro, of which he is part owner. 
 
 Hare, James \\'., engineer, A.storia, Or. 
 
 Harlow, Capt. I'. C, was born in llangor, Me., in 1847. 
 His first lessons in steamhoating were received on the Oregon 
 Steam Navigation Company's boats, running on the Columbia. 
 Captain Harlow still serves on the river, and is now on the 
 Milwaukii I'erry. 
 
 Harlow, 1'. C, Jr., engineer, Milwiiukic, Or. 
 
 Harman, Thomas, a submarine diver, has followed his 
 calling since 1858. Among the sunken and leaking ve.ssels 
 which he has raised, or repaired beneath the waves, were the 
 steamers (Wee, sunk at I'ort Rupert, .11 hi at Bellchain Reef, 
 Hylton Castle, Sardaiiyx, Walla lyalla. Umpire, and scores of 
 sailing vessels. The most historical wreck that ever engaged 
 bis services was the old Knglish lineof-battle ship lloyne, 
 burned and sunk at Spithead in 1775. Just short of a hundred 
 years afterward the Government officials, finding her hull was 
 an obstruction, sent Mr. Harman and another diver to blow her 
 up. They found the oak frame of her hull black as jet and as 
 hard as iron, with the copper bolts as sound as the day they 
 were made. I'or the last nuarter of a century Mr. Harman has 
 made his home at Victoria, B. C. 
 
 Harmon, George, engineer, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Harney, James W., engineer, was born in Middletown, 
 Conn., in 1849, his first marine work being on the steamer Elm 
 C'ilv on Long Island Sound. He afterward ran between New- 
 York and New Orleans and about 1875 came to the Pacific 
 Coast. He has been engaged most of the time since on river 
 steamers, but has made several trips between the Columbia and 
 Puget Sound on river steamers, his last work of this kind 
 being on the l/assalo. 
 
 Harper, Capt. Joseph, was born in Ireland in 1833 and 
 served his time in the north of England, afterward sailing out 
 of Liverpool. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1858, sailed for 
 a time in the Sandwich Islands trade, and then built the 
 schooner Ringleader at Nanaimo for trading purposes. He 
 ran as master of her for five years and then disposed of her to 
 
 Bradley ol San (nan Island. He then went to Departure Bay, 
 where he has lived for the past twenty-three years, durini| 
 which time he has made only a few trips to sea. He looC 
 command of the achooiier Hhuk IhamoHd, running to Sitka, 
 for the Vancouver Coal Company. On hit last (rip the vessel 
 waa plundered by the Indians and everything movable taken. 
 
 Harriman, Cyrus, bar pilot, Aitiiria, Or. 
 
 Ilarriinan, Capt. J. It., woi burn in Stockton, Me., and 
 came to the Columbia River in |88( on a sailing vessel. 
 He left her at Astoria and commenced tuglioatiiig on the 
 Columbia bar, where he remained several vears, most of the 
 time an one of the .State pilots, When the pilot schooner ( '. (I. 
 H'AiYc left the bar. Captain Ilarriinan went to Puget Sound, 
 where he has since had command of a number of difTerent 
 steamers. 
 
 Harrington, M. If., San Pranciaco, master of schooner 
 ('»«»y(i, has lieeii sailing on the Pacific Coas( since 187S. 
 
 Harris, Wllliaui K., engineer, was born in Oregon in 1M5J 
 and began steamlKiatiiig on the Henrietla in 1N76. He ran 
 us chief engineer oil several river steamers until a few years 
 ago, when he retired from the water and has since followed 
 the profession of mechanical engineering in Portland. At the 
 present time lie has charge of the engineering department of 
 (he I'lirdund Ice Company. 
 
 Harrison, James, ,Sun Francisco, sleward steamer Cleone. 
 
 Haskell, George, fireman, Victoria, B. C. 
 
 Huslani, Harry, mate, was born in England in 1864 and 
 served four years in the British Navy as midshipman. He 
 came to the Columbia River in 1.S82 and commenced steam- 
 botttiiig on the .Maiizaiiillo. He has recently served on a num- 
 ber of small .steamers around Astoria. 
 
 Hastings, Captain Joseph II, was horn in Ireland in 1853 
 and spent several years on British sailing vessels, lie has 
 been engaged in the deep-water trade most of his life. After 
 leaving the whaleback t. II'. Ilelmari', which he brought to 
 the Pacific Coast, he purchased the steamer /daho, which he 
 ran for a short time. He afterward joined the new whaleback 
 ( ■;/)' (!/' liverell as second officer. 
 
 Hatch, Capt. A. J., was born in Connecticut in 1S41 and 
 commenced his marine service between New York and Boston 
 in 185S. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1863 as mate on the 
 ship Favorile. He sailed foreign from San I'rancisco until 1885, 
 when he came out us chief officer on the Cily of Tof>eka, leaving 
 her to take command of the ship .Seminole, which he sailed for 
 two and a half years. He then took charge of the five-masted 
 schooner Louis, where he has remained for the past seven 
 years. 
 
 Hatherly, Thomas W., Salmon Arm, B. C, engineer, 
 Columbia & Kootenai Steam Navigation Company. 
 
 Ilawes, R. C, seventh assistant engineer of steamship 
 Empress (if China, was bom in Liverpool in iShj. He served 
 an apprenticeship at the Foxhall Foundry of that city and then 
 joined the tramp steamer Cily 0/ Maneliesler as second assis- 
 tant. He sailed on different steamships until 18SS, when he 
 came to Vancouver and joined the steamer Mamie as chief 
 engineer, afterward serving on the Mermaid, Ella ll'hile, 
 .Iclive, and a number of others. For the past few years he 
 has been coniiecled with the Royal Mail steamships Empress 
 of China and Empress of India. Mr. Hawes was one of the 
 organizers and was president of the Vancouver Marine Engi- 
 neers' Association. 
 
 Ilayden, Capt. Eugene, Portland, Or. 
 
 Hayden, II. II., shipbuilder, Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 Hayes, Capt. James M., was born in New York City in 
 1857. lie came to the Pacific Coast on the American ship 
 Samuel Walls in 1876 and on arrival entered the coasting 
 trade. For the past fifteen years he has been in the employ of 
 the Alaska Commercial Company as master of the schooners 
 Pearl, Maltheiv Turner, Pora and Beriha, and is still in 
 couiniand of the laiter. 
 
 Hayter, William J., engineer, Seattle, Wash., began steam- 
 boating on Puget Sound in 1870 and followed the business there 
 for several years, running on many of the pioneer steamers. 
 He retired from the water many years ago and for some time 
 has been employed in the Seattle Fire Department. 
 
 Headley, William E., San Francisco, steward of steamer 
 Rival. 
 
 Heard, T. M., engineer. New Westmiuster, B. C. 
 
 Heath, James, fifth assistant engineer of steamship 
 Empress of China. 
 
 liecknian, E. .\., mate on sailing vessels, began on the 
 ll'eslern ^Ao/t' in 1878. He has since been employed on the 
 leading sailing vessels in the coasting trade, and has recently 
 been connected with the bark Ale.x-ander McNeill. 
 
 Hedges, W. V., Kulama, Wash., pilot of steamer Tacoma. 
 
 ill 
 
 •:i\ 
 
472 
 
 Lewis <f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 I 
 
 Heiiistreel, C. H., eiiKineer, Tillamook, Or., has been eii- 
 ga);ed on the steamer (7aifield for several years. 
 
 Heiidee, S. B , purser, was for many years in tlie employ 
 of tlie Oregon Railway & NaviKation Company and was chief 
 clerk in the superintendent's office during the I'egrani rifiiiie. 
 He has recently Iwen running on the Heorge II'. Elder. 
 
 Henderson, Capt. H., was born in the Shetland Islands in 
 1849. He conimenceil sailing coastwise out of San Francisco 
 in 187S as mate on the .cliooner .Montana, holding a similar 
 position on the schooners Alice /luck, Starlii^lil and k'odiak. 
 His first command was the schooner Martha Tii/I in i8.S,v 
 He then took charge of the schooner iV. I.. Beche, with whicli 
 he made the trip between San I'ranrisco and Humboldt in 
 twenty hours from dock to dock, the fastest ever known. 
 After sailing the lleebe for over two years he took coniman<l of 
 the schooner William Rcnton, leaving her five years ago to 
 take his present vessel, the four-masted schooner (lolclen 
 Shore. 
 
 Henderson, Capt. h. !•". II.. was born in Norway in 1H5S 
 and began sailing out of the ports of that couiniy when a boy. 
 He came to the Pacific Coast in 1875 on the ship Emily Far- 
 ttum, leaving her for the bark Arkwright. He was with the 
 ship Ale.rander (Hhson for five years, rising to the position of 
 master on the death of Captain Stevens. He was afterward 
 second mate on a number of small coasting schooners, and in 
 1891 was mate on the Columbia River lightship, remaining 
 there for two years. Captain Henderson then went to San 
 Francisco, where he was engaged for a while as mate on White- 
 law's wrecker, and after her destruction by fire took com- 
 mand of the tug h'ale O'.Veil. 
 
 Hendricks, R. A., engineer. South Bend, Wash. 
 Hennessey, Capt. A. 1'., Seattle, Wash., was born in Boston 
 in i,S64 and commenced >teamboating on the Sound in 1886. 
 He has been engaged on ilie .steamers North Pacific, Goliah, 
 Olympian, Flyer, and nearly all the Oregon Railway & Navi- 
 gation Company's fleet. 
 
 Henspeter, Capt. Henry, was born in Germany in 1831. 
 He came to Puget Sound in 1871 and ran a trading sloop for 
 several years. At present he is living at Semiahnioo, Wash., 
 where liis son, Capt. C. H. Henspeter, has also been engaged 
 in local marine ventures. 
 
 Herald, J. H., engineer, Portland, Or. 
 Heritage, John \.. Vancouver. II. C, eighth assistant engi- 
 neer of steamship Empress 0/ hutia. 
 
 Hermida, .\ugustin I,, steward, has been on mosL of the 
 old-time steamships running on the coast since 185;, when he 
 arrived in San Francisco and joined the Sierra Nevada, He 
 is at present chief steward on the .Irago, running between 
 Coos Bay and San Francisco. 
 
 Herringlon, F. S., master and pilot, Ballard, Wash. 
 Hewitt, .Mfred A., engineer, Victoria. B. C, was born in 
 Ireland in 1.S60 and has followed the water since 1880. He 
 cotnnienced his service in the Northwest on the Princess 
 Louise in 18S9 and has recently been engageil on the tug 
 /.orne. 
 
 Ilihbert, John, boiler-maker and engineer on steamship 
 Empress !>/' China, vias born in Ivngland in 1857. .Xfter serv- 
 ing an apprenticeship of seven years he sailed in various jiarts 
 of the world on steaniships, finally coming to \'aiicouver with 
 the Empress of China, witli which he has since remained. 
 Hicks, Charles, retired engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 Higgins, James 1"., who was one of the crew of the /. A'. 
 tl'hitini^, is still in active service on the coast, being at present 
 master of the schooner E.rcelsior. He was born in Massachu- 
 setts in 1837, and when not at sea makes his home at West 
 Berkeley, Cal. 
 
 Hill. P. O., Taconia, Wash., chief engineer of steamship 
 Taeoma. has been connected with the marine business for 
 thirteen years, and has twen running in the Northwest since 
 1.S92. 
 
 lliller. Sanuiel. engineer, Allyn, Wash. 
 Hitchcock, I'rancis, mate. 
 
 Hoar, K. H., mate, was born in New Brunswick in 1861. 
 He came to tlie P.'u'itic Coast in 1889 and has since served on 
 the steamers /hiawiie. A', /hmsmuir, Cutch, Capilano, Tepic 
 and others. 
 
 Hoch, n isil, purser of steamship Empress of India. 
 Hogan, P. v., steamship male, was born in Nova Scotia in 
 1869 and began sailing out of Hnltimore, Md. when a boy. 
 He came to the Pacific Coast in i.S,S4, sailed for a short lime on 
 the barkentines 'lam O' Shanter and Poitland in the coasting 
 trade, and then joined the steamship . Ilexander Duncan as 
 second officer. sut)se(iuently holding a similar position on the 
 steamers f.aguna, Haylian Republic and Honila. He has also 
 served as third officer oti the steamships City of 'fiipeka and 
 Corona, and for the past eighteen mouths has been engaged 
 on the steamship .Irago, 
 
 Hogan, W. F., engineer, was born in California in 1862. 
 He began his marine career on the Panama route, running four 
 years on the steamship Colima as wnter-teniler and oiler, then 
 going to the Queen of the Pacific as third assistant engineer 
 and afterward running as second assistant for two years. He 
 then went as second assistant on the steamship .S'l;// Pedro for a 
 year and as first assistant for three year.s. He was next chid 
 of the steamer Emily four yt- ts, leaving her for the steamer 
 Homer, on which be ran for si\ months. Soon after the whale- 
 hack C, 11 '. Il'etmore was placeil in the coasting trade, he 
 joined her as engineer, but on his first trip the vessel was 
 wrecked near Coos Bay. Since then he has remained on .shore 
 and for the past two years has beert engineer at the Oh nipic 
 Club. 
 
 Holbrook, Horace, engineer, Coupeville, Wash., was born 
 on Wliidby Island in 1863. He has served on the steamers 
 .Seattle, Edna and Edison. 
 
 Holden, R., purser, was born in San Francisco in 1869. 
 He commenced his marine service in 1S83 as a seaman on the 
 bark l.indores Abbey, and was afterwanl storekeeper on the 
 steamship China and freight clerk on the .Ilexander Duncan. 
 For the past two years he has been engaged as purser on the 
 steame -s Areata ami Arago. 
 
 Holland, William, engineer, was born in New York City 
 in 1853. He began running on steaniships out of San I'ran- 
 cisco in 1S7S, and since then has worked on the .Incon, 
 Grenada, C 'ity of Rio de Janeiro, Columbia, Afcxico, .Slate of 
 California, /.ealandia, llaytian Republic, Colima and I'luckcc, 
 and also oil the steamer schooners Signal and .lleatra:. He 
 served for a few moiitlis on Puget Sound with Captain Beeclier 
 on the steamer /. li. I.ibby and has recently been engaged on 
 the steamer Homer. 
 
 Hollander, Samuel, engineer, Vancouver, B. C, was born 
 in Sweden in 1S62. His first work was on the Baltic Sea, 
 where he engage<l in the coasting biis:'.iiess as fireman ami 
 engineer for nearly three years. He came to the United States 
 as third assistant engineer on the tramp steamer Charleston, 
 afterwanl spending several months with the Cuiiard and I.aiii- 
 liert & Holt?, steamship lines. He arrived in British Columbia 
 in 1882 on the bark Stormy Petrel and soon engaged in the 
 machine shop and repairing business, jilacing the machinery 
 in the steamers Dreadnaugiit, /ilisa kduards, Afermaid ami 
 others. He also ran for a short lime as engineer on the 
 steamer Skidegate. 
 
 Holnian, ,\. G., mate on sailing vessels, San I'raiicisco. 
 Holmau, B. F., Portland, Or., steamboat agent. 
 Holnian, Herbert, Portland, Or., agent of the Joseph Kel- 
 logg Steamboat Company, was born in Cowlitz County, Wash . 
 in 1859 and has been connected with Kellogg's steamers for 
 the past fifleen years. 
 
 Holmes, Capt. William K., was born in London in i8,s7. 
 He reached Vicloriji in 1S75 on a sailing vessel, and on his 
 arrival secured employment on the tug .V. /,. Maslick, siili- 
 seiiueutly serving on tile steamers North Pai ific. Otter, .-Innic 
 .Staeart and Isabel. In 1877 he was mate of llie steamer Idaho, 
 and then returned to Victoria and was employed on the steamers 
 titter, /leaver, Crappler, Wilson (,'. Hunt and . Ilevawilcr. 
 Since March, 1.S86, he has run on the steamer /•/orcn.e, used 
 as a water boat at I\s(|iiiiiialt. 
 
 lloiieyniaii, Charles, marine surveyor, Nanaimo. It. C . 
 was born in Scotland in 1847 and has been engaged in the 
 marine business since 1860, most of the time between Liver- 
 pool and New York. He cinie to the Northwest in 1H85. 
 
 Hoover, .Samuel, ship carpenter, Fairhaven, Wash., has 
 served on the schooner A'. /. Morse and the steamers // asco and 
 Dispatch. 
 
 Horn. Capt. .\. W., was born in Maine in 1S49 and coni- 
 nieiiced steamboating on Puget Sound in 18S.1. F'or the past 
 lew years he has been in the employ of the Hastings Sleaiii- 
 lioat Company as master of the II illapa and (,'arland. 
 
 Horner, .-V. I,.. Portland. Or., manager of the Bowers Dreilge 
 Company. 
 
 llortoii, Leander, San I''raiicisco, engineer of sternwheeler 
 Relief 
 
 llorton, Robert J., Victoria, B. C, was born ill I,(Midiiii in 
 1834 and began sailing out of that port in 1851. lie followed 
 his calling in the Black ,Sea during the Crimean Wii and was 
 in the merchant marine during the war with China. He came 
 to Victoria in the sixties and entered the service of the llnd- 
 son's Bay Company as mate on the (>tler, oil which he served 
 from 1861 to I8i66. Mr. llorton has remained with that com 
 pany since, serving in various capacities. 
 
 Iloskell, Capt. Mark, was born in Maine in 1853 and has 
 been sailing coastwise from Pacific Coast points since I.'^74. 
 He has recently hail command of the bark A'. /*. Cheney in the 
 Nanaiino coal trade. 
 
 Howard. C. G., steward, .San F'rancisco, was born in the 
 West Indies in iSju. He has been sailing north from San 
 
 
 
Marine Men Engaged in the Waters of the Northwest 
 
 473 
 
 m 
 
 Hliforiiia in 1S62. 
 nite, nuiniiiK (our 
 •r ami oiler, tlii'ii 
 issistatit eiiKiiii-er 
 r two years. lie 
 p Sdii Pfilm for a 
 :le was next cliief 
 ■r lor the steamer 
 111 afler the whale- 
 oastiiiK trade, he 
 ip the vessel was 
 eiiiaiiieil oil shore 
 ■er at the Olynipii- 
 
 Wash., was horn 
 I on the steamers 
 
 I'rancisco in 1S69. 
 a seaman on the 
 torekeejisr on the 
 \lexaiidir Diiman. 
 I as purser on the 
 
 in New York City 
 out of San I'ran- 
 il on the .liiioii, 
 , nftviio. Stall' I'/ 
 ylima aiul Tt uikt'c. 
 anil .l/ailiii:. He 
 ill Captain Ueecher 
 ,• heen eUKa^ed on 
 
 er, B. C, was born 
 on the Baltic Sea, 
 !ss as flrenian ami 
 .0 the United States 
 teanitT Charlistoii. 
 ! Cunard and I.ain- 
 in British CoUinihia 
 on engaged in the 
 •iiiK the machinery 
 iI/</.<, Meniiaiil ami 
 19 engineer on the 
 
 , San I'ranciseo. 
 
 It agent. 
 
 of the Joseph Kel 
 litz County, Wash , 
 logg's steamers for 
 
 n London in 1857. 
 essel. and on his 
 /,. Miiiliik, suli- 
 «;>'(, Ollei, Aiiiii, 
 the steamer /i/ii/io, 
 111 on the steamers 
 / and .Ih'Xiridi-i. 
 
 liner /•'loirii.c, nseil 
 
 Nanaimo. 11. C , 
 ■en engaged in the 
 n>e heiween Liver- 
 Invest in 1.SS5. 
 rhaven. Wash,, has 
 learners // \istV and 
 
 in 1S49 and com- 
 iSS.(. I'or the past 
 lie Hastings .Steain- 
 d (,'ai/tinit. 
 f the Bowers Dredge 
 
 leer of sternwheeler 
 
 horn in I,(mdoii in 
 rS.ii. lie followed 
 I Mil-all Wii and was 
 h China, lie came 
 service of the llnd- 
 011 which he served 
 neil with that com 
 
 ill 185.5 and lla^■ 
 t ))oiiila since |87J- 
 /.'. /'. C/uniy in ihe 
 
 was horn in the 
 ig north from San 
 
 I'ranc '-ro since iSSi and has recently heen engaged on the 
 steamer /'lo/ir/ion. 
 
 Howhind, Capt. James !•;., master of the ship fnviiiiihle, 
 has heen engaged on the I'acilic Coast in the coasting anil 
 deep water tiiule for thirty years. 
 
 ■ lowland, John, engineer, San I'ranciseo, was horn in New- 
 York in 1863 and h.'is heen running on the Tacific Coast for 
 about nine years. He has heen employed in the Northwest on 
 the steamers J, 11, Lihhy on I'ngel Sound and the (ienrral 
 Afili's on the Colnnihia. and has recently heen engaged on the 
 steam vi\\a\<:r Jiiiniiillr. 
 
 Iloyt, Capt. Henry I,., who was interested in the Mult- 
 nomah, was horn in Warren County. N. Y., in 1823 and came 
 to California in the early fifties. His first marine work on the 
 coast was on the .steamer Union, running heiween San I'raii- 
 eisco and Sacramento. After serving there a while he went to 
 the San Joa<|Uiii River and then to Oregon. He remaiiieil with 
 the Multnomah for several years, and after she went out of 
 existence was interested in various other steamboat '.eiilures. 
 l-'or the pa.it few years he has heen living at Oakhin.l, Cal. 
 
 Hubbard, h. II., Alameda, Cal . master of harkentine 5. A". 
 Castli', was born in Maine in 1.S38. He came to the Pacific 
 Coast in 1862 and was for a long time in I'lavel's employ as bar 
 pilot on the Columbia River. I'or the last sixteen years he has 
 been sailing between San I'ranciseo ami Hoiiolnlu, having 
 made nearly ninety voyages to the Islands. 
 
 llufman, h'rank M., engineer, Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 I'ilgiii, III., in 1856, and followed steainboating on the Missis- 
 sippi River for nearly ten years, running between St. l.onis and 
 St. I'anl. He came to I'nget Sound in 1889, and, after follow- 
 ing the water a short lime, was appointed engineer of the 
 Union lileclric Light & Tower Company. 
 
 Hughes, .-\. I>., engineer, Portlaiul, Or. 
 
 Hughes, Capt. C. I!., IIoi|niani, Wash., was born in Maine 
 in 1859 and came to the Tacilic Coast in 1877. He was for a 
 long time mate on the bark A'irol and .schooner lamis .1. 
 (t'arfit'h/. His first coinmand was the schooner A't'htria, which 
 he sailed for three years, ami then went to tlie/r'-sw/V \irkt'rson. 
 When the I'ioniei was built at Cray's Harbor, Captain Hughes 
 secured an interest in the vessel ami took charge, remaining 
 with her until she was lost in 1894. He then puicliased an 
 interest in the./. M. Wcatherwa.v, which he is still sailing in 
 the lumber trade. 
 
 Hughes, Kdward C, .\sloria. Or., ex-pur.ser of HoUaday's 
 steamships. 
 
 Hughes, Capt. H. M., .Seattle, Wash., was born ill Hiiglaud 
 in 1846. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1S71 and began run- 
 ning on the steamship ( onstantim-. He has since been engaged 
 on a number of small steamers, recently having coinmanil of 
 the llfavi'i: 
 
 Hunt, Capt. K. U., Taconia, Wash., is a native of Mich- 
 igan. He commenced his inariue work on I'liget Sound in 
 1883 with the ste;iiii launch liahy Mint', carrying the mail to 
 Artoiidale. He was afterward ciinnecteil with the Snsir, I'ictot 
 and other small steamers. 
 
 Hunter, Joseph, mate, was liorn in Boston, Mass., in 1851. 
 He has been eiigageil in the ' .icific C lasl Iraile since 1877, 
 serving on the (ifmial liulliy, Ki:[<hati, Mount ll'ashint;lon, 
 Clifhalis, Pitroil A\\y\ others. 
 
 Hniitiugtc',1, Thomas, engineer, was born in New York in 
 1851). He came to the Pacific Coast in V'--o and began rnniiing 
 between San p'raiu isco and Portland on the /iiAh /. Stt'/>.'iins, 
 going from her to the steamer ('onsli/in'jon, where he serveil 
 for two years on the Paiiivina route. He was also on the 
 steamer Montiina on the same route, next ran to Ilnmbolilt on 
 the sleam.ship /'■//Vii«, and then nil the Mohongo, ruiiiiing 
 to San Diego. I''roni her he went 10 the steainship Coloiailo, 
 runuing to China, lor a few inoiitlis, and then joined the City 
 0/ Syi/nt'y, from ,San Francisco to .Viislralia. Leaving deep- 
 water vessels, he ran for a few months on .Sacrameiito River 
 steamers. In 18.S3 he joined the tug /\i(hi>iil J/ohoke and 
 worked with her on Piigel Sound for six uionths, returning to 
 San I'ranciseo as chief of the tug Mitlii'. He was afterward on 
 the tug A'fliel', steamer Sonoma, and other vessels, for several 
 years. Mr. Iluutiiigton left the water a fi'W years ago to take 
 the position of assistaut engineer at the I'liited Stales Mint at 
 Sail I''raiicisco, where he remained for a year, and then returned 
 to the .steamer Carolinr, where he is now employed. 
 
 Hnrd, Capt. .\. I'., b'lorence. Or., was born in Maine in 
 l8.s6. His first marine experience on the Pacific Coast was as 
 seaman 011 the schooner Smilav in 1.883. He remained on 
 sailing vessels for about three years am' was then interested in 
 the .steamer Afaiy Hall. At present he is handling a mail 
 contract with the steamers ( '00s and Hfink. 
 
 Husar, Christian, engineer, was born in Norway in lS,>i2. 
 He began rnnning out of Sun Prancisco in 1877 011 ihe steam- 
 ship ( '/7i'('/"M'r*' Vo; k, leaving her three years later to join the 
 steamer (r'oliah as first assistant engineer. He left Mie (ioliah 
 
 in a short time, and worked for nearly four years in the iron 
 works at Seattle ami Victoria, remaining ashore until 1887, 
 when he joined the steamship U'iliningto.:. Since then he has 
 been oil the steamers ( ily of ( hestfi. Warrior, San I'edro, 
 Cosmopolis, Santa Maria, Silver Spring, National City and 
 \orth Fork, runnini, as first assistant on nearly all of them and 
 at present holding that position on the latter. 
 
 Huston, William, engineer, Victoria, H. C, was born in 
 Scotland in 1859. He has been steainboating in British 
 Columbia since 1887. 
 
 Hutchinson, John Warner, was born aboard a ship in the 
 Indian Ocean in 1833. In 1861 he shipped before the mast on 
 the bark Ann Perry, running in the liiinber trade between San 
 Kraucisco and Piiget Sound ports. He eontiuiied on this route 
 for a number of years on dillerent vessels, among them being 
 the brig 'lanner, barks Live Yankee &\\A Samuel Merrill, first 
 as second mate and then as mate. He retired from the water 
 some years ago and is now living at Port 'rown.send. Wash. 
 
 Hutnian, P., San Kraucisco, master of schooner ( ':ar. 
 
 Hyde, Alexander, engineer, San I'ranciseo, was born in 
 Ireland in i860 and has been engaged in the marine business 
 since 1878. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1889 and is at 
 present second assistant on the steamship H'etlington. 
 
 ipsen, Capt. M. A., was born in Denmark in 1855. He has 
 heen sailing or. the Pacific Coast since 18.S3, w'neii he began on 
 the schooner A'efiorter. He has since been engaged 011 the 
 brig i'(i//«<;, /.urtine, I'onrtney Ford, hixrV /iiliit Ford, harken- 
 tine Ft/a, schooner /o/<« (•'. S'orth, and for the past few years 
 has had command of the four-masted schooner ('/(.'d. 
 
 Ironmonger, Arthur Kdward, steamship purser, was born 
 in lingland in 1878 and came to the Northwest in 1887. 
 
 Irving, Robert, was born in Ontario in 1,849. lie began 
 steainboating on the A'eiianee ii. 1877, remaining with her and 
 the A'eyal ( ily as (inrser for over a year, then going to the 
 Hmlson's Bay Company's steamers Fnteifrrise and I'liueess 
 Louise. He was afterward 011 the ll'estetn Slope for a short 
 time and left there to take charge of the Hudsiui's Bay Com- 
 pany's dock, where he was engaged for three years. He then 
 began running on the I'nget Sound steamers A'orth /'aeijie, 
 Geor);e E. Starr and Olympian, remaiuing with the Oregon 
 Railway X: Navigation Company as purser for two and a half 
 years and as agent at Victoria for three years, leaving them to 
 enter the employ of the Canadian Pacific Navigation Companv. 
 
 Ivaiiny, James, mate, Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 Iverson, John, male on sailing vessels, San I'ranciseo. 
 
 Jackling, W. B., engineer, was horn in Illinois in 1.S85 He 
 began steainboating 011 Pnget ,Soiiiid in 1877 on the Celito. 
 He also ran on the IVilmini;ton for a iininher of years ami 0.1 
 the //iiytian A'epuhlic while those two steamers were engagecl 
 in smnggling, Jackling unfortnnately becoming implicaled in 
 the trouble, lie is at present living in Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Jacknian, Capt. 'riioinas. Port Town.seiul, Wash., was horn 
 in England in 1,834. He came to this country when a boy and to 
 the Pacific Coast in 1849. His first marine work on this coast 
 was on the old revenue culler /<// />avi.f, where he filled the 
 berth of master-at-arms for two years, while she was slatioiieil 
 at Port Towuseud. He was afterward transferred to the revenue 
 culler /oe Lane, having charge of her during 1863. Leaving 
 the revenue service he carried the mail between Dungeness, 
 Port Towuseud and Port Angeles for three years. He was 
 afterward appointed to a position in the Port Townsend cnsloin- 
 liouse. 
 
 Jackson, .Mbert. engineer, was born in Oregon Cilv, Or., 
 in i.Ss.i, ami began steamboating on the upper Colnmbia in 
 1869011 the I'enino, going from her to the i'akima, on which 
 he was running when she sank, Mr. Jack.son has since worked 
 on nearly all the steamers of the Oregon Steam Navigation 
 Company and their successors, and at present is engaged on 
 their boats out of Porllaml. 
 
 Jackson, Andrew, mate on sailing vessels, Wiis horn in 
 I'inland in 1S63, He cominenceil coasting north from San 
 p'raneisco in 1883 on the bark Montana and has recently been 
 engaged on the schooner /.aura A/ay. 
 
 Jackson, C, mate on sailing vessels, was born in Norway 
 in 1.S56. He has been .sailing north out of San I'ranciseo for 
 fifteen years, and has been engaged at dillerent times on the 
 /'(>« Car/<>\, //arvester, A'ennehee, lieneral /■'airehi/d and 
 .llheit. At the present time he is 111 ister of the latter vessel. 
 
 Jackson, C. W., uiaster of the biirk I'russia. is a native of 
 Maine. Afler sailing out of .-Mlanlic port.s fir sci-eral vears, 
 he came to San p'rancisco ami began in the coasting trade with 
 the bark .Idelaiile Cooper. He has since commanded a iiiiin- 
 her of well known coa.iting sailing vessels. 
 
 Jackson, O. A., engineer, San p'rancisco. 
 
 Jackson IV Arthur, San I'ranciseo, engineer of steamer 
 South Coast. 
 
 n 
 
 . 
 
474 
 
 Lewis <f Dryden'8 Marine Hii^tory of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Jackson, George, San Francisco, was one of the crew of 
 the Pacific when she was brought around from the Kast. He 
 has followed the sea on the coast since that time and is at 
 present steward on the bark Os'gon. 
 
 Jackson, Capt. Henry F., Seattle, Wash., agent of the 
 Northwestern Steamship Compauy. 
 
 Jackson, John, master of sailing vessels, San Francisco, 
 
 Jacobs, Capt. J. D., was born in Germany in 1K46 and 
 came to the Pacific Coast in 1859. His first command was the 
 schooner Utitlaiinted. He was afterward in charge of the 
 schooner Edith for fourteen years, and has since commanded 
 the steamers IVhilesboro, Tillamook and Weslporl, having had 
 charge of the latter for seven years. 
 
 Jacobsen, J., master of sailing vessels, has been in the 
 coasting trade north of San Francisco since 1880. For the past 
 three years he has twen waster of the Maggie C. A'liss, engaged 
 in the lumber trade. 
 
 Jacobsou, Capt. H. R,, was born in Denmark in 1842. He 
 began sailing on the Atlantic Ocean and 'laltic Sea when abnut 
 fourteen years old, and in 1868 came to the Pacific Coast, where 
 he was first connected with the schooner Queen of the Hay, 
 running out of San Francisco. He is at present on the 
 schooner H. C. Wright. 
 
 J*ggy. Capt. John J., Vancouver, Wash., was born in Boise 
 City, Idaho, in 1864. He commenced in the marine service on 
 the Government steamer Pisfialch in 1882, and for the past ten 
 years has been engaged in the ferry service as master of the 
 l^ancoiivcr and other steamers. 
 
 James, David, master mariner, Wellington, I). C, vt born 
 in Wales iu 1844 and came to the Northwest in 1889. He has 
 been engaged in the marine business for thirty years. 
 
 Jamieson, Magnus, mate, Sapperton, B. C. 
 
 Jancke, Frank, steward, San Francisco. 
 
 Jansen, C. L., engineer, was born iu Denmark in 1854. He 
 served his apprenticeship at Copenhagen, came to New Y«rk 
 in 187s, and from there to the Pacific Coast, where he joined 
 the steamship J>akota, running north with her as fireman and 
 oiler for two years. He was afterward on the steamers City of 
 Sydney and City of New York, leaving there and working 
 ashore for six years. He then entered the tugboat service as 
 chief of the Ranger and later of the Mary Ann on Humboldt 
 bar. He was subseciueutly chief of the steamships Lakme and 
 Noyo and tor the past two years has 1 "en filling the same posi- 
 tion on the steamer Weoti. 
 
 Jarrett, Charles, mate of the scl.ooi;er Jessie Matson, was 
 born in San Frai.cisco in 1S57 and has been sailing north f; .^ni 
 there since iHoo. 
 
 Jeffrey, William L., master mariner, Nanaimo, B. C, was 
 born in Monmouth, England, in 1842 and began going to sea 
 at the age of fourteen. After sailing in various parts of the 
 world, he came to the Pacific Coast in 1873 and began sailing 
 between San Francisco, Puget Sound and British Columbia 
 ports. He retired from the water several years ago. 
 
 Jensen, C, San Francisco, master of schooner /.ena Sweasey. 
 
 Jensen, Charles, mate on sailing vessels, San I'rancisco. 
 
 Jensen, J. .\., mate, Seattle, Wash., was born in Denmark 
 in 1S51 and has held master's papers since 1S74. In the 
 Northwest he has been connecteil with the steamers Dolphin, 
 .-llliance, T. J. Potter, North Pacific, Sehome and others. 
 
 Jensen, \,. P., The Dalles, Or., master of steamer Queen. 
 
 Jensen, M. C, retired master, Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 Denmark in 1854. .After sailing in various parts of the world, 
 he came to Seattle in 1887. Since his arrival he lias been 
 engaged mostly in shipbuilding. 
 
 Jensen, Capt. Ole, was born in Norway in 1854 and came 
 to Puget Sound in 1870. He was on the schooner )'h^(";, sur- 
 veying in Alaska, was afterward second mate and mate of a 
 number of well known coasting schooners and in the latter 
 part of the seventies was given commanfl of the schooner 
 Columbia. Since then he has had command of the steamers 
 West Coast, Ne;rshoy, .Mendocino (which was lost on Men- 
 docino bar), .Ictive, Record, schooners Alice Kimball, Daisy 
 Rowe, James Toivnsend, Free Trade and (iotatna, being in 
 command of the latter at the present time. 
 
 Jensen, Capt. T. A., Seattle, Wash., owner of the tug 
 J. n. Boyden, was born iu Norway in 1K53 and began steam- 
 boating on Puget Sound on the yam« Mitrtie in 1872. 
 
 Jewell, T. C, pilot, Seattle, Wash., was born in New 
 Hampshire in 1843 and has been engaged on Lake Washington 
 steamers since 1893. 
 
 Jewetl, Wilson F., president of the I'mpfjua Steam Navi- 
 gation Company, has been engaged in the marine business at 
 Coos Bay since 1878 and is also manager of the Gardiner Mill 
 Company. 
 
 Johansen, Capt. N. P., was born in Denmark in 1848. He 
 came to Coos Bay in 1875 and ran for t'lree years on the 
 
 steamer Satellite, and then went to the steamer Coquille, run- 
 ning to San Francisco. On coming to the Columbia he served 
 on the steamers A. 11. Fields and Rosie Olsen, operating 
 between Astoria and Tillamook, and in 1886 took command of 
 the steamer Tonquin, running her five years for the Clatsop 
 Mill Company. 
 
 Johnson, Capt. A., was born in Norway in 1856 and com- 
 menced his marine service in that country. He came to the 
 Pacific Coast in 1873 and joined the Peruvian Navy, serving on 
 the gunboat Gasca at Callao for a few months, and then going 
 to Panama, where he joined the steamship Montana. On 
 arriving at San l''rancisco he entered the coasting trade and has 
 since served on the steamers Salinas, Senator, Los Angeles, 
 Ancon, C 'ity of i hester and Santa Rosa as second mate, and on 
 the .SantaCruz, Vaquina, Coos Bay unA /'omona aa male. In 
 1S92 he was appointed master of the steamer /'oint Arena, and 
 except for a short period has remained in command since. 
 
 Johnson, Capt. A., was born in Sweden in 1848. After 
 sailing on the Atlantic for about ten years, he came to the 
 Pacific Coast in 1875, a year later joining the schooner /.oilie 
 (ollins. Ill 1S80 he received his first command, a small 
 schooner, ami was afterward on the schooners Western Ho>„e 
 and Ida McKay, sailing the latter since February, 1890. 
 
 Johnson, Albert, master and pilot, Seattle, Wash., was 
 born in New York. He has been on the Pacific Coast since 
 1881 and was one of the crew of the steamship Mississippi when 
 she burned at Seattle. 
 
 Johnson, Alfred, mate, San Francisco. 
 
 Johnson, Andrew, '.;ate on sailing vessels, San Francisco, 
 has been engaged on the R. P. Rithet for the past three years. 
 
 Johnson, Andrew, Portland, Or., pilot of United States 
 steamer ( 'ascades. 
 
 Johnson, Capt. August, New Westminster, B. C, was born 
 in Sweden in 1S65 ami commenced the marine business as a 
 seaman out of F.uropean ports. He came to the Pacific Coast 
 in 1S87, was first on the Government siiagi oat Sampson and 
 afterward on the steamship Active. He was for two years iu 
 coininaud of the steamer Clara Voung, and for the past three 
 years has been master of the ll'innifrcd. 
 
 Johnson, August, mate on sailing vessels, was born in 
 Denmark in 1866. He has been engaged in the coasting trade 
 four years. 
 
 Johnson, Capt. August, was born in Sweden in 1864. His 
 first marine work was on the lakes of his native country, where 
 he was engaged for two years and then entered the deep-water 
 service, .sailing in various parts o he world. He came to the 
 Pacific Coast in 1881 and joined . c schooner Lizzie Madison. 
 In 1S.S6 he was second mate on the steamer Whitesboro and 
 afterward first officer on the steam schooners Alcalraz, Noyo, 
 Julia H, Ray and others. For the past four years he has been 
 master of the H'hilesboro. 
 
 Johnson. Benjamin, mate, Hoodsport, Wash., was born iu 
 Norway in 1849 and has been running on the Pacific Coast 
 since 1870, most of the time on sailing vessels. He has served 
 on the bark Samnsel, ships Behidcre, Western .Shore, Warhawk, 
 and maiu' other well known vessels. He was one of the crew 
 of the General < obb when she was wrecked near Clayoquot 
 Sound. 
 
 Johnson. C, San Francisco, master of schooner Charles R. 
 Wilson, has been sailing on the Pacific Coast since 1881. 
 
 John.son, Charles, mate and quartermaster, was born in 
 Norway iu 1854. ' He nas been sailing on the Pacific Coast since 
 1S77 and at present is in the employ of the Canadian Pacific 
 Navigation Company. 
 
 Johnsoi;, I!., steward on coasting sailing vessels since 1866. 
 
 Johnson, Rdward, steward, San Francisco 
 
 Johnson, Kdward, mate, Seattle, Wash., commenced steaiii- 
 boatinf, on tlie Sound in 1888 on the Henry Bailey. 
 
 Johnson, Krnest, ship carpenter, San Francisco, has been 
 on coasting ■^ailing vessels for over twenty years. He was last 
 on the ';a. k Oiegon. 
 
 Johnson, Fred, mate, began steamboating on the Sound iu 
 1874 on the Celilo. He has since run on most of the Puget 
 Sound tugs, and has recently been on the Richard Holyoke. 
 
 Johnson, Fred M., Sail Francisco, master of steam coasters, 
 has been in the Northwestern trade since 1S85. 
 
 Johnson, ('apt. O. Gardner, Vancouver, H. C, secretary of 
 the Pilot Board and agent for I.,loyds, was born in Scotland in 
 1857 and commenced his marine service out of Liverpool about 
 twenty years ago. He came to Vauoouv. in 1S85 and has held 
 his present position for the past nine }ears. 
 
 Johnson, George, mate and second mate, San Francisco. 
 
 Johnson, George H., mate on sailing ve8.sels, has been in 
 the trade out of San I-'rancisco for eighteen years. He was 
 mate on the ship ('«>';(/(> when she was wreclred in Alaska in 
 April, 18911, and for several years has been mate on the ,S. C. 
 Allen, running to Honolulu. 
 
Marine Men Engaged in the Waters of the Northwest 
 
 475 
 
 ssels since 1866. 
 
 Johnso.i, Capt. H A. K., was born in Norway in 1856 anil 
 came to Astoria in iSb?. He was first cc.;nected witli the bar 
 tug Columbia, at I lie mouth of the river o. that name, for four 
 or five years, and then went to Gray's Harbor, where he joined 
 the tug Rii»f;cr. He has since been engaged on the tugs 
 Traveler anil I'rinler, being at present master of the latter. 
 
 Johnson, Henry M., Vancouver, B. C, fourth officer of 
 steamship Empress 0/ China. 
 
 Johnson, Henry S., engineer, wns born in New York in 
 1836 anil began his marine career on the Great Lakes, He 
 came to the Pacific Coast about 1871 and began running out of 
 San I'rancisco. He started north on the IHana on the trip 
 when she was wrecked near Cape Flattery. Mr. Johnson has 
 since spent most of his time on the Columbia River, where he 
 has been engineer on a number of steamers. 
 
 Johnson, Capt. Hiram B., Tillamook, Or., was bor'i in 
 Oregon in 1S61. He conmienced steamboating in 18S5 on the 
 Juno on the Unipqua River, and afterward removed to Tilla- 
 mook, where he has charge of the steamer General Carf.rld. 
 
 Johnson, Capt. Jens, was born in Norway in ifi'55 .ind lia^ 
 been sailing on the Pacific Coast since 1886. He was on the 
 schooner Fanny Diilard when she was run down by the .fteamer 
 Zambesi in 1892, and recently has had charge of the rchocuer 
 C. H. Holmes. 
 
 Johnson, Joseph, steward, San Francisco. 
 
 Johnson, Joseph, engineer, was born in Salem, Mass., in 
 1854, and has been connected with the marine business since 
 1872. His first work on the Pacific Coast was on the R. P. 
 Kithet. He has since been connected with a number of tugs 
 and steamers in British Columbia waters, and has recently 
 served as second engineer on the steani -r Active. 
 
 Johnson, Capt. J. H., was born in Iceland in 1844. In 1864 
 he came to the Pacific Coast and was first employed on the 
 schooner Porpoise, running from Mexico to Alaska and the 
 Sandwich Islands. He has mostly followed deep water and is 
 connected with the three-masted schooner Peerless e\ the 
 present time. 
 
 Johnson, L. , master of coasting vessels, has been sailing 
 out of San Francisco since 1882. 
 
 Johnson, M., San l'"ranoi.sco, master of schooner />V«/rt//. 
 
 Johnson, Capt. M., was born in Scotland in 1S52. He 
 came to the Pacific Coast in 1S71 and commenced sailing in the 
 Puget Sound and Columbia River trade. He was one of the 
 crew of the bark Windward, afterward served for five years on 
 the schooner Falcon, and was then given command of the 
 barkentine/i;'//// Worster. which he sailed for three year.'', going 
 from her to the bark Charles />'. h'enney. He afterward com- 
 manded the bark ( 'olitsa and schooners Aloha and Fred E. 
 Sanders. He has recently been engaged as mate on the 
 schooner Golden Shore. 
 
 Jolin.son, Capt. M. J., Seattle, Wash., has been steamboating 
 on Lake Washington for five years, most of the time on the 
 City of h'enton. 
 
 Johnson, Martin S., mate on sailing vessels, San Francisco. 
 
 Johnson, Oliver, male, San Francisco, 
 
 Johnson, Capt. 1'. H., Vancouver, B. C, was born in 
 Sweden in 1S62. He began sailing in deep-water ships in 
 1S77, ■■ame to tlic Pacific Coast five years later, and joined the 
 steamer f.eonora. lie was master of the Leiohira and other 
 steamers owned by the I'nion Steamship Company for several 
 years, having command of the ( iiUh for three years. In Jan- 
 uary, 1894, he chartered the tug l.ois. which he has since 
 operated. 
 
 Johnson, Theodore, mate on sailing vessels, San Francisco. 
 
 John.son, W. J., Portland, Or., master of steamer Dallas 
 ( Vy. 
 
 Johnson, Capt. W. R., S-attle, Wash., was born in Sweden 
 in i8'j3 and has been connected with the marine business on 
 Puget Sound since 1.S82. 
 
 Johnston, Herbert W., engineer, Vancouver, B. C, was 
 born in Ontario in 1869. His first marine work in the North- 
 west was on th» steamer Glad Tidings in 1887. He has recently 
 been engaged on the tug Glide. 
 
 Jones, C. I)., mate anil master of sailing vessels, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Jones, E. I<., Nanaimo, B. C, steward of ship .l/c.Vcii;-. 
 
 Jones, E. Westly, Portland, Or., steward of steamers North- 
 west and /\'etloj>!i. 
 
 Jones, Frank .\., engineer, was born in Delaware in 1865 
 and began his marine service in the East, coming to San Fran- 
 cisco in 1S76. Since arriving on the Coast he has worked in 
 various capacities on the steamships Grenada, City 0/ J'anama, 
 Idaho. Los .Ingeles. City of Chester, Cosmopolis and A'orth 
 Fort, running as chief of the latter vessel for six years and 
 nine months. In 1892 he was elected president of the Marine 
 Engineers' Association, and was elected as representative of that 
 organization at its national conventions in 1893, 1894 and 1895. 
 
 Jones, Capt. H. R., Vancouver, B, C, was born in I^ondon 
 in 1857 and commenced his marine career as a midshipman, 
 serving four years and a half in the East India trade. He was 
 afterward master of a propeller running out of Calcutta, and 
 served as master in various parts of the globe until 1886, when 
 be came to Vancouver. He has since been engaged on the 
 steamers Maude, Mamie, Tepic and Spratt's Ark. 
 
 Jones, Herbert E., mate and master of sailing vessels, was 
 borne in Maine in 1859. He has been sailing north fn^m San 
 I'rancisco on the Sterling, A. G. Popes, Eljvell and others, and 
 has also been employed as master of the Arkwright and 
 Carondelet. 
 
 Jones, James A., engineer, was born in Delaware in 1847. 
 He Aas for many years trial engineer in the employ of William 
 Cramp & Son of Philadelphia, coming out on one of their 
 steamers in 1876. On his return he took charge of the engines 
 of the State of California, which he brought to the Coast, and 
 with which he remained as trial engineer for six months. He 
 died in Philadelphia in 1886. 
 
 Jones, John, Engene, Or., steward of steamer Eugene. 
 
 Jo'ies, Richard N., mate of ship Bundaleer, was born in 
 New \ jrk in 1851. He has been on the Pacific Coast since 
 1871, most of the time coasting in the coal and lumber trade, 
 
 Jones, Capt. Robert, Marshfield, Or., was born in Virginia 
 in 1867. He commenced his marine service on the steamer 
 Coos in 1882. He afterward served on nearly ..'<. the Coos Bay 
 steamers, running as master of the jiutcher Hoy, Mi' n and 
 Cumtux, and is still in command of tie latter. 
 
 Jones, Samuel, second mate and riate, ship Ttvo Prothers. 
 
 Jones, William I.,., engineer, wps born in England. He 
 came to America in the early sixties, and, after running for a 
 few years on the Oreat I.,akes, came to this Coast in 1869. 
 After working ashore for a short time he went to South 
 America, and on returning worked as fireman on a number of 
 steamships running out of San Francisco. In 1880 he entered 
 the employ of Goodall, Perkins & Co., remaining with them 
 seven years and working up to the position of second assistant. 
 He was then first assistant on the steani coaster Rival for two 
 years, Alcazar one year, and for the past three years has been 
 chief engineer of the steam schooner Tillamook. 
 
 Jorgensen, A. N., mate on sailing vessels, San Francisco. 
 
 Jorgensen, Capt. N. F. , was born in Denmark in 1859. He 
 commenced sailing on the Pacific Coast on the bark Templar 
 in 1S84, and for the past four years has been master of the 
 schooner Glen. 
 
 Jorgensen, P., San Francisco, master of schooner Transit. 
 came to the Pacific Coast in 1869 and has served as master on 
 coasting schooners for over twenty years. 
 
 Jorgensen, Capt. P. J., was born in Norway in 1S60. Hf 
 commenced steamboating on Puget Sound on the Messenger 
 in 18S8 and was afterward on the Otter, Quickstep and Glide. 
 
 Jorgensen, Capt. R., San I'rancisco, has been sailing in the 
 coasting trade out of the Bay City since 1889. He is at present 
 connected with the schooner Eddy. 
 
 Jorgensen, Capt. W., was born in !)enmark. He came to 
 the Pacific Coast in 1863, began sailing between vSan Francisco 
 and Puget Sound ports, and has conti.iiied in the trade since. 
 At present he is master of tlie bark Alexander McNeill, and 
 when ashore resides at San Francisco. 
 
 Jorgensen, W., steward, San I'rancisco. 
 
 Joslyn. Charles S. , purser, was born in New York in 1839. 
 He began running out of San Francisco in 1S74 on the side- 
 wheeler .Alaska to China, was on the Great Republic in the 
 same trade, and on the City of \c-,f >'()»<•, operating to .Aus- 
 tralia, lie also served on the Coliiiia and China on the 
 Panama route, and on the I'ictoria. George II'. Elder, Idaho 
 and />akota to Puget .Sound and \'ictoria. After leaving the 
 northern route he ran on the Orizaba and Constantine to San 
 Diego. Mr. Joslyn retired from the water a few years ago aiul 
 is now living at 'i'ictoria, B. C. 
 
 Kalkstein, H., steward, San Francisco. 
 Kalstrom, Capt. Charles E., Port Townsend, Wash., was 
 born in Francisco in 1.S62. He began his nuirine career in the 
 Northwest on the I'nited States revenue ^utter Oliver H'olcott 
 in 18S0. Hi left her at Port Townsend several years ago and 
 has since had charge of a nunibei of small steamers, ihe last of 
 which was the Garland. 
 
 Kane, John V.., engineer, Portland, Or., was born in New 
 York City in 1S64. He has been engaged in the marine busi- 
 ness for about twelve years. 
 
 Karr, C. J., Hoquiam, Wash., master of steamer Toiwo. 
 Keay, .\lexander, ivverett. Wash., agent of steamer Mabel. 
 Keen, W. A., engineer. San Francisco. 
 Kelly, John, engineer, was born in England in 185.S and 
 began steamboating on the I'raser River in 1876. He was for 
 a long time on the Royal City, afterward on the Reliance, and 
 
 If 
 
476 
 
 Lewis c? Dryden'a Marine History of the Paoiflo Nortfiwest 
 
 has recently been employed in the fire department at New 
 Westminster, I). C. 
 
 Kemp, W. II., engineer, Vancouver, 15. C. 
 
 Kendall, Isaac N., Jr., engineer, Sapperton, It. C. 
 
 Kennedy, William, mate on Kraser River .steamers, was 
 born in England in iK^}. He lias been engaged on ttritisb 
 Columbia steamers since iSSi. 
 
 Kent, James, engineer, Portland, Or, 
 
 Kerr, Alexander, engineer, Edmunds, Wash., was born in 
 Illinois iu 1K59. He commenced steamboatin^ on the Sound 
 in 1887, and has served on the Fcriidale, Vipgil T. Price, Tyee 
 and otlier steamers. Pie is at present connected with the 
 Vi^ ilanl. 
 
 Keyes, E., mate on sailing vessels, was born in New Bruns- 
 wick in 1861. He has been on the Pacific Coast since rS/.j and 
 is at present second mate on the Oregon. 
 
 Kidston, Capt. William, San I'rancisco, was born in Nova 
 Scotia in 1H62. He began sailing out of San I'rancisco on the 
 steamship Grenada in 1882, first on the Panama route. He 
 was afterward on the steamships San Jose, Colima, City of 
 Sydney, Australia and City of fokio. He ran north on the 
 City of Topeka in the service of the Pacific Coast Steamship 
 Company, and after leaving them was with the steamers 
 Faratlon, l.aliine and Emily. Captain Kidston has recently 
 been connected with the steamers J'lOgreso and Homer. 
 
 Kildall, Joseph, Whatcom, Wash., manager of the Belling- 
 liani Hay S. & T. Company, was born in Norway in 1865. His 
 first marine experience on the Pacific Coast was on the May 
 Queen in 1882. 
 
 Kildall, Peter C, master and pilot. New Whatcom, Wash. 
 
 Killman, Capt. D. O., was born in Maine in ih6o. He com- 
 menced sailing out of San I'rancisco in 1883 on the Arkwright, 
 then going to the Atlanta and Emerald. When the four- 
 niastcd schooner Kitsap was built at Port I<ndlow, Captain 
 Killman was given coumiand, making several trips with her 
 between San Francisco and the .Sound. About 1SS6 he took 
 charge of the steamer West Coast, going from her to the 
 Arago, which he ran in the Coos Bay trade. He left the 
 .Irago for the new steamer Julia //. Ray, in whicli he pur- 
 chased an interest, and which was lost at Coos Bay on her 
 second trip. His next vessel was the bark John Winihrop, 
 with which he carried supplies to the whaling fleet in the 
 Arctic Ocean. On his return with the Winihrop he took com- 
 mand of the steamer Hattie Gage, running her to Alaska one 
 season, and the Gertie Story on the same route the following 
 year. In 1S91 he was given command of the ship Mercury, 
 which he sailed for eighteen months, and then joined the 
 barkentine Cathrrine Sudden. 
 
 King, Clarence, engineer, llofjuiani, Wash., was born in 
 Illinois in 1.S64 He began sleamboating on the Quickstep on 
 the Columbia River in 18S2. He has since served on the 
 steamers Gleaner, Fai'orite, .4rago, h'ustler. Hunter, Cruiser, 
 Typhoon, Printer and Traveler, and is still connecte<l with 
 the latter. 
 
 King, W. H., engineer, Ho({niam. Wash., was born in 
 Illinois in iS65. He commenced -teamboating on the South 
 Hend in 18S4 and has since been employed on (Vray's Harbor 
 ami Slioalwater Hay steamers exclusively. He is at present 
 connected with the tug Ihmter. 
 
 Kingswood, F. .S., engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Kinney, M. J., Astoria, Or., has chartereil and loaded more 
 deep-water vessels than any other man on the Columbia River. 
 He has a large sawmill and extensive cannery interests, and 
 was one of the first to make wheat shipments from Astoria. 
 
 Kittle, W. II., engineer, Victoria. H. C, was born ill Knglan<l 
 in 1849. He .served ail apprenticeship at Rochester, England, 
 from 1866 to 1871, then engaged in the Chapman dockyanl, ami 
 for the next seven years was an artificer iu the British Navy. 
 He came to the Pacific Coast in 1879, remaining in Califoruia 
 until 1884, when he went to Victoria ,ind was engaged for a 
 long time in the Albion Iron Works, afterward .serving on the 
 tugs Hope and l.orne. He has recently been connected with 
 the <iuarantine boat Earle. 
 
 Klorborg. N., engineer, Tacoma, Wash., commenced steani- 
 boaling on the Columbia River in 1881 on the Willamette Chief. 
 He soon afterward went to the Sound and has been connected 
 with a number of steamers there. He is at present engaged in 
 the power-house of the Tacoma Street Railway Company. 
 
 Klose, C. F., mate on sailing vessels, San Francisco. 
 
 Klusni inn, Charles, mate 011 sailing vessels, ,San I'rancisco. 
 
 Knaggs, I, C, master and pilot, Kingston, Idaho, was 
 born at The Dalles in i.Sfi^ and began steamboating on the 
 Hassalo\\\ 1879 He retired from the river several years ago 
 and is now engaged in lumbering. 
 
 Knowles, George O., engineer, Seaton, Or., has been 
 steamboating on Coos Bay for about three years. 
 
 Knutson, Charles, engineer, Tacoma, Wash., commenced 
 steamboating about 1886 on Puget Sound on the Bessie with 
 Capt. Patrick Burns. He was afterward engaged on the 
 Messenger and Mela, and for the past four years has been engi- 
 neer on the steamer Zephyr. 
 
 Knutzen, I^. J., ma.ster of sailing vessels, has been coasting 
 north from San Francisco for about ten years, serving on the 
 steamers Cosmopolis, Pasadena, schooners Eppinger and Ruby 
 A. Cousins. At the present time he is nia.ster of the latter, 
 running iu the Gray's Harbor lumber trade. 
 
 Kramer, F. M., engineer, San Francisco, was born at that 
 place in 1862. His first marine work was on the steamship 
 Ancon in 1882. He was afterward running to Australia on the 
 Zealandia for three years, and then on the City of Peking to 
 China for two years. He subsequently served a year on the 
 Keiveenaw and a similar length of time on the Pomona. At 
 present he is engaged on shore. 
 
 Kramer, Frank M., steamship purser, has been engaged on 
 the .nice Hlanchard and other coasting steamers. 
 
 Krebs, Capt. August, San Francisco. 
 
 Krohna, Capt. Charles, was born in Hamburg, Gernvmy, 
 iu 1840, and came to Puget Sound in 1868. He ran for a short 
 time on the steamer Resolute, from her went to the Politkofsky, 
 and afterward worked on the steamers Alida, Columbia, 
 lilakely and Success, running on the latter for many years. 
 He is at present living at Port Blakely, Wash. 
 
 Kruse, .\lbert O., was born iu Clackamas County, Or., his 
 father having been one of the pioneer marine men on the 
 Willamette. He commenced on the snagboat Corvallis in 
 1S80, afterward entered the employ of the Kelloggs, where he 
 ran as purser for several years, and has also served as male and 
 pilot in the same employ. 
 
 Kruje, John, shipbuilder. North Bend Or., was born in 
 Denmark in 1834 and has been in the marine and shipbuil.-ling 
 business all his life. 
 
 KuU, J., engineer, San Franci.sco. commenced his marine 
 service in 1879 as oiler on the steamships Oregon and ( olumbia, 
 also running as water-tender on the same vessels. He was 
 then third assistant on the .Santa Rosa, remaining with her for 
 five years, reaching the position of first assistant, next joining 
 the .-IJa.v iu the same capacity. He was afterward employed 
 on the Wilmington and the steam schooner Emily, and for the 
 past five years has been chief engineer of the steamship 
 Areata. 
 
 Kummer, Arthur, engineer, was born in Germaiiv in 1852. 
 His first marine work in the Northwest was on the Mastiek in 
 18S7. He purchase<l the steamer .Ingele.s in 1S89, and, after 
 replacing her machinery, ran her for six months and then sold 
 her. He has recently been engaged 011 the George /•'. .Starr. 
 
 Lacey, Charles C, engineer, Sail I''rancisco, is a native of 
 De1nw:3rj He began running north from Sau Francisco on the 
 propeller California in 1879 and has .served on a number of 
 steamships on the same route. He has recently been con- 
 nected with the steamship I'matilla. 
 
 I^afilin, A. H , master of American ship l.andseer. 
 
 Lakin, Edward C, master and pilot, was born in Portland, 
 Or., in 1854 He began steamboating in 1S68 on the Ranger, 
 running on the Willamette and Columbia rivers. He is at 
 present master of the steamer Oswego. 
 
 Kamley. J. H., master and pilot, .\stoiia. Or. 
 
 Lamsoii, Henry, was born in Massachusetts in 1861. He 
 began his marine .service on the San Francisco ferries in 1880. 
 After running there and on the Sacramento River until 1883, 
 he went to Honolulu and was employed on various steamers in 
 the Island trade four years, and then returned and joined a 
 collier as first a.ssistant for nine months. He then lef' salt 
 water and ran for a short time on the Columbia River steamer 
 Fleetwood, subsequently returning to the Atlantic Coast. He 
 came west again a short time ago and is now running as fir.st 
 assistant on the steamer Tillamook. 
 
 Lancaster, Capt. Richard, was born in Ireland in 1859. 
 He commenced sailing on the coast of Scotland when a boy. 
 He came to the Pacific Coast in 1.S83 and joined the A'. A' I/am 
 with Captain Gove. He was afterward mate on the ships 
 Ericcson, Spartan, anil bark Germania, bringing the latter ves- 
 sel to Sau I'rancisco during the big gale which wrecked the 
 //arvcy .Mills, the Germania's master, Captain Owens, having 
 died the third day out. I'or the past seven years Captain Lan- 
 caster has been sailing the bark i anada. 
 
 Land, Peter M., master mariner, Nauainio. H. C. 
 
 Landach, A., mate on coasting ves.sels. 
 
 Landerkiu, ".. M., engineer, .Seattle, Wash. 
 
 I.anfair, Cajit. Robert, was born in New Haven, Conn., in 
 1836, and saile<l on the Atlantic Coast for t^vetlty-five years, a 
 considerable portion of the time in the I'mted States Navy. 
 He came to the Pacific Coast in i,S72 and ran as captain of the 
 tug Alpha on Coos Hay for two years. He was also on the 
 
Marine Men Engaged in the Waters of the Northwest 
 
 477 
 
 "Til 
 
 Sa/elli/e and Coos for several yean, and ran as first ofScer on 
 the Oiissie Tel/air for some months. Captain Lanfair retired 
 from the water several years ago and is now living at Bay 
 Center, Wash. 
 
 Landgreen, Capt. William, was linrn in Sweden in 1842 
 and commenced sailing out of Knglish ports when a boy, 
 remaining there for eight years. Ke came to the Pacific Coast 
 in 1&74 an<l engaged on a number of coasting vessels for a few 
 years and then again entered the deep-waler service. He sub- 
 sequently returned to the coast and was for five and a half years 
 male on the barkentine Wilder, afterward running for a short 
 time on the steamship ll'ilmington. For the past two years 
 he has had command of ■.he bark Sonoma, on which he served 
 as carpenter a dozen years before. 
 
 Lane, J. M., master of sailing vessels, was born in I*'lorida 
 in i860 and has been coasting north from San Francisco for the 
 past six years. 
 
 Langfeldt, J. M., second mate, San Francisco. 
 
 I.iangkilde, Andrew, mate on sailing vessels, San I'rancisco. 
 
 Laping, John, mate on sailing vessels, was engaged fiT 
 several years in the whaling trade. He has recently been in 
 the lumber trade on the schooner Compeer. 
 
 Larkin, John, engineer, was born in Ireland in iSjS. He 
 began his niaiine career on the Pacific Coast between Panama 
 and Sau Francisco, afterward running on the China route and 
 to Australia. He went north with the Great Republic in 1878, 
 running there for about six months, and then went to Victoria, 
 where he has since resided. He has been employed on nearly 
 all the steamers running out of that port. Before coming to the 
 Pacific Coast, Mr. Larkin was engaged in steamers on the 
 Atlantic, and was one of the few survivors of the steamship 
 Arctic, which was lost in 1S57 several hunilred people perishing. 
 
 Larsen, A., mate and master of sailing vessels, was born in 
 Norway in 185.S. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1S83, and has 
 since been engaged on a number of well known coasting 
 schooners. At present he is on the schooner Halcyon. 
 
 Larsen, C, Gardiner, Or., master of schooner ./. />'. Leeds. 
 
 Larsen, Capt. John L., is a native of Denmark. He came 
 to the Pacific Coast in 1S75, and for the past fifteen years has 
 been master of the schooners Twilight, Compeer and Norma, 
 still having charge of the latter. 
 
 Larsen. L., Port Angeles, Wash., master of schooner £l/a 
 John.wn. 
 
 Latham, Thomas, bar pilot, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Lau, Peter, steward, San Franci.sco. 
 
 Lawsnn, H. C, engineer, was born in Denmark in 1832. 
 After coming west in 1S62, he began running on the steamer 
 Diana, and has served on most of the British Columbia boats 
 since, sometiines as chief and again as second engineer. The 
 names of some of the boats whose engines have been in his 
 charge are, Isahcl, Otter, Sir James Poiiglas, North /'acific 
 and Olympian. Mr. Lawson is now living at Victoria, I). C. 
 
 I. avion, F. K., Tacoma, Wash., master of steamer Siisir. 
 
 Leabo, Sterling V., engineer, w.-is born in Oregon in 1866. 
 He commenced sleanil)oating ou the .Spokane on Snake River 
 in 1883, and afterward followed his profes.sion on Puget Sound. 
 For the past few years he has been engaged on the steam 
 schooner .liiausta. 
 
 Leake, Capt. Herbert W.. Houghton, Wash., was born in 
 Ohio in 1864, and has been running the steamer /;///« on Lake 
 Washington since 1S.S9, 
 
 Leake, I. W.. engineer, Houghton Wash. 
 
 Leale, Cai>l. W. Ci., was born on the Isle of Guernsey in 
 1846. He came to San Francisco in April, 1.S66, and commenced 
 his career as deckhaml on the river steamer Reform, rising to 
 the position of master of the steamer Pioneer, owned by the 
 same comiiany, in six years. I'or eight years he was in coni- 
 manil of several steamers owned by the California Transporta- 
 tion Company. In 18S0 he Ijonght the steamer Caroline, which 
 he still owns, as also the tug Frolic. 
 
 Leathers, Joseph, boatbuilder, Astoria, Dr., was born in 
 California in 1859. He learned his trade in San Francisco, 
 came to Astoria in 1881, and built the steamers Electric, 
 Favorite, Tonguin, Wenona, Eclipse. R. Miler, Queen, Sea 
 Foam, and a large number of sloops and fishing boats. 
 
 Leberman, A., Astoria, Or., agent Vancouver Transporta- 
 tion Company and Ilwaco Railway & Navigation Company. 
 
 Lee, W. H., master and pilot, Iroudale, Wash., was born in 
 Virginia in 1848. He owns the sealing schooner George 11'. 
 Prescott. 
 
 Lee, Charles A , engineer, began his marine career in the 
 Northwest as first assistant on the steamer Eii!a Anderson on 
 Puget Sound, remaining there for fifteen months and then 
 filling the same position on the steamer Edith for a year. He 
 was afterward second and first assistant on the steamers 
 Olympian and George E. Starr, then went to San Francisco, 
 
 and, after making a few trips as water-tender on the San Jose, 
 joined the steamer AJax as second assistant. He has since 
 served as first assistant on the steamers Navarro, Jewel and 
 Protection, being at present connected with the latte''. 
 
 Lee, James, master and pilot, Portland, Or. 
 
 Lees, Archwood, engineer, was born in Scotland in i8.';8 
 and commenced the marine business in the Mediterranean 
 trade when a boy. His first experience in the Northwest was 
 on the steamer R. P. Rithel at Victoria. He has recently been 
 engaged as second engineer on the tug Lome. 
 
 Lehners, Carl, chief engineer of tug Fearless, was born in 
 Germany in 1851. He began his marine career on the Pacific 
 Coast in 1872 on the steamer City of San Francisco. He was 
 afterward on the City of Sydney for six years, then on the ( ity 
 of New York three years, .^/ariposa three years, tng Relief 
 four years, and the Fearless since she was built, the latter 
 being the only vessel ou which he has run in the Northwest. 
 
 Leighton, Anthony, Astoria, Or., first oflicer of United 
 States steamer Columbine. 
 
 I.,eighton, Harmon, mate. Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 Maine in 1867 and has been steamboating on the Sound since 
 1889. He has also served as master of the steamers /(W/^A/nc, 
 Hornet, Edna and llelta. 
 
 Leimond, Percy, mate. Port Blakely, Wash., is a native of 
 Maine. He commenced steamboating on the Addie in 1886 
 and has recently been engaged on the Sarah .1/. Renton. 
 
 Lenout, Grant K., engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Leonard, A. F., retired master of sailing vessels, is now 
 living at Port Townsend, Wash. 
 
 Lermond, C. G., engineer, was born in Maine in 1858. He 
 commenced his marine service on the Pacific Coast in 1880, 
 serving as oiler on the steamships George W. Elder, ll'illa- 
 melte and Oregon. He was afterward engaged as third and 
 seconil assistant on the steamships .San Jose, City (fjVao } 'o/X' 
 and .Mendocino, and for a short time first assistant on the 
 Columbia and Farallon. He has since been running as chief 
 of the steamers Albion, />aisy Kimball and Protection, and is 
 still connected with the latter. 
 
 Lermond, Parker, mate. Port Townsend, Wash., was born 
 in Maine in 1869. He spent five years ill the deep-water ser- 
 vice, came to Puget Sound in 1887, and has been steamboating 
 there since. 
 
 Leube, H., mate and master of sailing vessels, was born ill 
 Saxony in i860. He has been sailing on the Pacific Coast since 
 1880, and has served as first and second mate on a do/.en of the 
 best known coasters. For the past year he has been male on 
 the bark Palmyra. 
 
 Lewiii, Walter, fourth assistant engi;ieer of the Empress 
 of India, came to the Pacific Coast with her and has rcmai.ied 
 with the steamship since. 
 
 Lewis, Capt. Kdward, was horn in Massachusetts in 1836. 
 He has been in the ma. le business for thirty-six years, twenty 
 of which were spent as m.ister of the bark Carrolllon, which he 
 still cominands. He took charge of the vessel when she was 
 built, and, after sailing her to various parts of the world, 
 brought her to the Pacific Coast in 1S.S6, sailing her in the 
 Nanaimo coal trade most of the time since. 
 
 Lewis, Henry T., Vancouver, B. C, agent of Pacific Coast 
 Steamship Company. 
 
 Lewis, T. F., engineer, Baudon, Or., was born in Boston in 
 1857. He began in the marine business in 1S7S on the tug 
 Katie Cook on the Coiiuille River. lie was afterward engaged 
 on the Columbia River and at .San Francisco, most of the time 
 on tugboats, and has recently been connected with the tug 
 Triumph on Coos Bay. 
 
 Lewis, Capt. William T., was born 111 Canada in 1844 and 
 has been sailing in the merchant service since 185S, He first 
 came to the Pacific Coast in iKSoaiid has recently been engaged 
 in the Nanaimo coal trade with the ship Undaunted, the vessel 
 with which he brought the first cargo of tea that crossed the 
 continent by way of the Canadian Pacific Railway, For the 
 past twenty years Captain Lewis has been accompanied by his 
 wife on all of his voyages. 
 
 Le Vake, Anson L,, engineer, was born in Cleveland, 
 Ohio, in 1848. He has been in the marine service for nearly 
 thirty years, most of the time on the Great Lakes in the 
 revenue service and on passenger steamers. He came to Puget 
 Sound in 1888 and has since been employed on a number of 
 Sound steamers. 
 
 Levens, Capt. T. F., Warrendale, Or., was born in Illinois 
 in 1851. He began steamboating ou Puget Sound in i8;o ns 
 deckhand on the steamer Gem, afterward cume to the Columbia 
 and ran on the steamer Oneonta, and was male ou the steamer 
 Otter for a short time. He then entered the employ of Ihe 
 Government at Cascade Locks, running the launch there for a 
 short time, when he left the water for about ten years. He 
 recently bought the steamer Leio, the smallest passenger vessel 
 
 ,| 
 
 il 
 
 
II ! 
 
 478 
 
 Lewis <f Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 registered at the custom-house, and is still running her at the 
 Cascades. 
 
 I.everett, James P. , Grant's, Or. , master of steam ferrv-boat 
 AV///C. 
 
 Levison, H., master mariner, San Krancisco, wa.s born in 
 Denmark in 1858. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1879 on the 
 Hamburg har\t. John Henry, which foundered off the California 
 coast, eifiht of the crew losing their lives. Levison and the 
 others reached San Diego in a small boat, one of their number 
 dying on the way. Captain Levisou's fir.°t command was the 
 steamer Nfivsboy, going from her to the holfclion, which he 
 handled for five years. For the post two years he has lieen 
 master of the steamer -Voio. 
 
 I^evy, C. H. N., Vancouver, B. C, second steward of steam- 
 ship Empress of China. 
 
 Lichtwerk, Capt. Charles, Marshfield, Or., was born in 
 Germany in 1847 and followed the marine business for thirty- 
 two years in various parts of the world. He came to Coos Bay 
 in 1S.S5 and purchased the steamer Hi'rfha, which he operated 
 for six years. He was afterward part owner of the steamer 
 Hxfirfss, which he ran for one year, and then purchased the 
 ■yoggif H. y'lirro, whicli he is still running. 
 
 Lightner, Clyde C , Coos Hay, Or., cugineer of steamer 
 Ciimlux, has also been engaged on the steamers .Villon, 
 Vairo and Anlilopi-. 
 
 Lilly, W. H., purser, New Westminster, B. C. 
 
 Unbridge, Robert, master mariner, Berkeley, Cal., has 
 been sailing out of San Krancisco since 185S, except at inter- 
 vals when he was in the deep-water trade and for a short time 
 on the Amazon River. 
 
 I.indeboom, John, mate, Ivureka, Cal. 
 
 Lindquist, Charles B. , San I'rancisco, master of steamer 
 A'olif, has be.;n employed on the Pacific Coast since 18S0, most 
 of the time in the service of the Alaska Commercial Company. 
 
 I.indsey, George R., engineer. Eureka, Cal., was born in 
 Scotland in 1843. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1868. In 
 1882 he went to Eureka, and in 1HK9 to Puget Sound as first 
 assistant on the steamer /'oinl Anna. He was afterward on 
 the steamers y. A'. .McPonahi, Haylian Kcpuhlit, Yamiina, tug 
 Wanderer, steamships Willamelle, I.os Angeles and Humboldl, 
 serving as second and first assistant. 
 
 Lindstrom, Alhin, Kelso, Wash., master ferry-boat .Mice V. 
 
 Linn, T. J., master mariner, Vancouver, H. C, was born at 
 New Westminster in i860 and has been engaged in steamboat- 
 ing and running in the coasting trade north since a boy. 
 
 Little, John R., Blaine, Wash., has run as mate on the 
 sloop .Minnie, schooners Sallie anil Jlealriee. 
 
 Lochart, George N., engineer, San I'rancisco, was born in 
 Philadelphia in 1859 and has been on the Pacific Coast since 
 1883. 
 
 Lofgren, San Francisco, mate of schooner (>rion. 
 
 Logan, Capt. S. .\., Newport, Or., was born in Indiana in 
 1839. He purchased the steamer llenlon on Va(|uiiia Hay 
 about i,S8a, operating her for about .seven years. He then went 
 to the ll'alliisii and afterward served on the rolaiila. 
 
 Lohoram, William, surfinan Gardiner Life-saving Station. 
 
 Loll, E., was born in Germany in i860. He has been sail- 
 ing on the Pacific Coast since 1S79, running as mate on several 
 well known coasters and afterward as engineer and master on 
 a number of small steamers on Coos Bay and the Columbia 
 River. At present he is living at Marshficlil, Or. 
 
 Lollis, Mortimer, engineer, was born in Illinois in 1864. 
 He commenced steamboaling on Va(|uina Day in 18S4 on the 
 steam launch /iureka, an<l has since serveil on the steamers k'ale 
 and .Inna, Clevehtiid, d'enenil Wrighl, .Mischief, Tressie .May, 
 Vaqiiina lily, tugs Kobarls anil ll'allorca. He has recently 
 been engaged on tlie coasting steamer Harrison. 
 
 Loomis, Edward C., mate and master, was born in St. 
 Johns, Or., in \Vibfi. He has been steamboaling since i,S,S4 and 
 !: '.s run as master of the steamers Iralda, .Manzanillo and Cily 
 1' Frankfort. 
 
 Lord, W. R., engineer. Lulu Island, B. C, was born in 
 ^'a le. Wash., in 1866, and is a brother of Harry Lord, a well 
 ..: -•.vn Columbia River engineer. He commenced his marine 
 :!er. ce as second assistant on the steamer (ieneral I'aiihy, and 
 was afterward on the British Columbia steamers Emma, Ella 
 White and other Eraser River boats, alternatiug his steamboat 
 work with business in connection with the canneries. 
 
 Lorenson, Capt. Ludwig, San Francisco, has been sailing 
 •on the Pacific Coast since 1882 and has recently had charge of 
 the schooner Compeer, 
 
 Lorenz, Capt. Edward, Taconia, Wash., was born in Ger- 
 many in 1866. He commenced steamboating In 1884 on the 
 Sophia, which was built by his father and operated by the 
 family until 1890. With his brother, C. O. Lorenz, he now 
 owns the steamers Typhoon and .^/ela. 
 
 Lott, Harry, master and pilot, was horn In England in 
 1856. He has been steamboating on Puget Sound since 1879 
 and is at present running the steamer Ani;eles. 
 
 Lounsberry, G. W., agent of the Oregon Railway & Navi- 
 gation Company at Astoria, Or., has been in their employ 
 fourteen years. 
 
 Loveland, Capt. A. R., Seattle, Wash., was born In Hart- 
 ford, Conn. He has been steamboating on Puget Sound since 
 l8«s. 
 
 Low, J. A., engineer, San Francisco. 
 
 Low, Robert, second assistant engineer of steamship 
 Empn .s of China, viaa horn In Seotlanilln 1851. He served 
 an appren'iceship at William King S: Company's at Glasgow, 
 and then went to Singapore, where he joined the Netherlands 
 & India steamship line as fourth assistant engineer. He served 
 on steamship lines In various parts of the worUl, running for 
 six years as chief of the Yangl.ie. In 18S7 he came to the 
 Pacific Coast with the f'arlhia, serving on her as chief engineer. 
 
 Ludlow, J. R., engineer, was born In San Francisco In 
 1H66. His first work on Puget Soiuiii was on the steamer 
 /.illie on White River. He was afterward on the Evangel, 
 Rip Van Winkle, Eliza Ander.wn. .Susie. Edna, /)iscovery, 
 (Olympian, lirick. Enterprise, /fermoso, llolyoke and Tyee, 
 still being connected with the latter. He has also followed 
 his calling on the Gulf of Mexico and the Mississippi River. 
 
 Lund, Charles W., Bandon, Or., master of schooner Free 
 Trade, was born in Finland li' 18511. He came to this Coast 
 l;i 1878 and a few years later wa.s appointed master of the 
 schooner Free Trade. He left her for the steamer llandorille, 
 but returned a short time ago to the Free Trade, which he has 
 since commanded. 
 
 Lund>i"'st,Capt. Charles, San Francisco, was born in Nor- 
 way In 1864. He began sailing out of San Francisco In 18,83 
 on the ship Occidental. After running as mate on several 
 coasters he was given command of tlie schooner John G. 
 Eppinger. He was afterward on the schooners .Sacramento 
 and .Marietta, and for the past two years has been master of 
 the steamer Albion. 
 
 Lunvaldt, Hans J., master in the coasting trade between 
 San Francisco and northern ports, has been running on that 
 route since 1873. He has cominandeil the schooners Ocean 
 Sfirav, flavward and Vesta, being still in command of the 
 latter. 
 
 Lupp, F., master, San I'rancisco, was born In Germany 
 in 1842. 
 
 Luttrell, Capt. J. F., was born In California In 185S. Me 
 comuienced his marine service In 1S77 as watchman on the 
 "iteamshlp Alaska, was .soon afterward promoted to the position 
 of purser, and In that capacity served on the steamships 
 Orizaba, .Senator, Idaho, .Mexico, (ieorge IV. Elder, Eureka, 
 /.OS Angeles, Oiieen of the /'aci/ic, ( 'orona, ( ity of I hester ami 
 others. In 1S90 he was given command of the bark Helen II . 
 .limy, of which lie has since had charge. 
 
 Lyle, Thomas, mate. Port Madison, Wash. 
 
 Lyies. George W., shipbuilder, Aberdeen, Wash. 
 
 Lyng, John, mate, Ti'.co na. Wash., was born in Norway in 
 1864 and has been steamboating on the Sound for eight years. 
 
 MacGill, Robert, engineer, was born in Scotland In 18,51. 
 He was In the deep-water trade and on the Suez Canal for 
 .several years. Since coming to British Columbia he has been 
 connected with the A'. /'. A'ithet, .Mogul and other steamers. 
 
 MacLarty, John, engineer. New Westminster, H. C, was 
 born In Glasgow, Scotland. In 185H. He served an apprentice- 
 ship of six years and then joined the .Mien steamship line. He 
 was afterward engaged on steamships rniining in the African, 
 .\ustralian and China trade, and came to Vancouver in 1889 on 
 the tun Tepic. lie was subsequently on the tugs .Mamie, /telle 
 and ( 'ity of \anaimo, and worked for a year as seventh 
 assistant engineer on the steamship /impress of Japan. 
 
 Maillson, Capt. Charles, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Madsen, C, master of sailing vessels, San Francisco. 
 
 Magnessen, K., mate, was born in Norway in 1857. He 
 commenced sailing on the Pacific Coast In 1875, his first vessel 
 being the brig Tanner. At present he is on the schooner 
 Falcon. 
 
 Magune, Capt. F. E., was born In Rockport, Me., in 1854, 
 and began sailing out of Atlantic ports when a boy. After fol- 
 lowing his calling in various i>arts of the world, he commenced 
 coasting north from San Francisco In 1S82. He was for a long 
 time on the barkentine .Makah, and for the past few years has 
 been master of the ship y. /•'. /tnm'n. 
 
 Mahan, W. J., engineer, Hoquiam, Wash., was born in 
 Missouri In 1868. He commenced steamboaling on the Gray's 
 Harbor tugs In 18.S8 and has recently been engaged on the 
 Printer. 
 
K*t*>l 
 
 ft ftt 
 
 rn in England in 
 Sounil since 1879 
 
 rs. 
 Railway & Navi- 
 
 1 in tlieir employ 
 
 Has born in Hart- 
 'ugel Sound since 
 
 eer of steamship 
 1 1851. He served 
 lany's at Clasnow, 
 d the Netherlands 
 Kineer. He served 
 world, running for 
 S7 he came to the 
 r as chief engineer. 
 
 San Francisco in 
 as on the steamer 
 il on the Kviingcl. 
 
 Edna. Discmrry, 
 llolyokf and Tyec, 
 ! lias also followed 
 Mississippi River, 
 r of schooner Fire 
 
 came to this Coast 
 ited master of the 
 steamer llainloiillc, 
 I'liidc, which he bus 
 
 3, was horn in Nor- 
 u Francisco in 1S83 
 as mate on several 
 
 schooner John G. 
 hooners Smniinciilo 
 
 has been master of 
 
 isting trade between 
 ;en running on that 
 :he schooners (hran 
 in command of the 
 
 is born in Germany 
 
 .fornia in 185S. He 
 
 IS watchman on the 
 
 inoted to the position 
 
 on the steamships 
 
 IK /■:/t/,r. Eiiirlni, 
 
 Cily of L'/iis/cr iiiu\ 
 
 f the bark //e/in II . 
 
 ash. 
 
 cen, Wash. 
 is born in Norway in 
 juiid for eight years, 
 in Scotland in iS.si. 
 the Sue/. Canal for 
 olumbia he has been 
 ind other steamers, 
 itminster, R. C, was 
 served an apprentice- 
 . steamship line. He 
 iniuK in the African, 
 Vancouver in 18S9 on 
 he tugs Mamir, lldle 
 ■ a year as seventh 
 ir.is of Jopon. 
 h. 
 
 San Francisco. 
 Norway in 1857. He 
 n 1H75, his first vessel 
 is on the schooner 
 
 nckport. Me., in l854. 
 hen a hoy. After fol- 
 world, he commenced 
 2. He was for a long 
 he past few years has 
 
 Wash., was born in 
 boating on the Gray's 
 been engaged on the 
 
 Marine Men Engaged in the Waters of the Northwest 
 
 479 
 
 Malmquist, Prank, purser, Portland, Or., was engaged for 
 five years in the deep-water service in various capacities, and 
 for the past twelve years has been employed on the Columbia 
 River, running as purser in the employ of Jacob Kanini since 
 1887. 
 
 Maloney, Capt. George, Yaquina, Or., has liad a marine 
 experience of twenty-eight years on the Ivasteru coast, but 
 since his arrival on the Pacific Coast he has not engaged in 
 the business. 
 
 Mann, h'rauk, engineer, was born at Wichita, Kan. He 
 commenced steainhoaling on I'liget Sound in 18H5 and is at 
 present engaged on the steamer Evmigcl. 
 
 Manning, John A., mate, began steaniboating on the 
 upper Cohimbia in 1S79, remaining there until 1SS3. when he 
 went to I'uget .Souml. He was afterward connected willi a 
 number of well known steamers on the Souiul and at Victoria. 
 He is at present employed on the city dock at Seattle. 
 
 Manshardt, A., engineer, was born in San Francisco in 
 1870, He entereil the Umpire Iron Works of that city in 18S4, 
 working there four years, and then for a year in the Southern 
 Pacific Railroad Company's shops. He then ran as oiler on the 
 steamers ( oc.? liny, lily of I'liihln and Wnlln Miitln. He 
 received his license as third assistant in 1891, and ran for a 
 short time on the tugs I'ioli'l and .liigiisla on Puget Sound. 
 He afterward served as electrician and second assistant on a 
 number of coasting steamers, and at the present time is first 
 assistant on the steamer JVrwshoy, running to Coos Bay. 
 
 Mauler, Charles C, male on tugboats. Port Townaend, 
 Wash., was horn in Massachusetts in 1864 and came to Puget 
 Sound in 1887. 
 
 March, I/., mate on sailing vessels, was horn in Boston in 
 1869. He has been coasting out of Sail I'raticisco for the past 
 fifteen years, and has recently been employed as first officer on 
 the ship y. /)'. /liown. 
 
 Marcusen, A., mate. New Whatcom, Wash , commenced 
 steaniboating in the Norllnvest oil the )'iikiiiia in 1.SS6. 
 
 Marden, H. H , pilot, Victoria, B. C, was born in Maine 
 in 1853. He began his marine career as deckhand on the 
 Columbia River in 1881. He was afterward steaniboating on 
 Gray's Harbor and Puget Sound, running as male oil the tugs 
 Si'a Lion and Mogul for several years. In 18,^9 he received the 
 appointment of pilot in the Victoria district. 
 
 Marden, Capt. T. N., was born in Maine in 1.S49 and began 
 his marine career on the Atlantic Coast on the ship AtTiuftt. 
 He made several trips to the Pacific Coast before locating here, 
 coming out in iS-j, as mate on the ship A'ing/iiit/ii: While 
 here he joined the siiip A'('.«<v'//.S'/)/iii,'^Hf, then in coinmaiul of 
 Captain Keller. lie al.so nhide a coasting trip in the hark 
 Moir'.ino, then returned overland to the l\ast, coming out a few 
 years later as master of the bark /'(i« Niiiiolas, which he sailed 
 in the coasting and Austr.iliau trade for nearly five years. He 
 then took command of the ship GiiDn/iiiii, where he has 
 remained for the past eight years. 
 
 Marianhofir, H. B., Iloodsport, Wash., mate and pilot, ran 
 in the coasting trade as mate oil sailing schooners for nearly 
 fifteen years. He has also been mate and pilot on :t number of 
 small Sound steamers. 
 
 Marmont, Capt. T. .\., Whatcom, Wash . was born in Fng- 
 laiid in 1S43 and has followed the marine business in variiius 
 parts of the world for over forty years, serving on the Atlantic 
 Coast, Great I,akes and the Mississipjii River. He was in the 
 United States Navy under .\diniral Farragut in the North 
 Atlantic stpiadron during the Civil War. He came to Seattle 
 in 1883, serveil first as mate on the Eviint^t/, and was afterward 
 captain of the jobbing steamers Lonr /■'iihriman and Snronaf. 
 He has recently been engaged on the steamer thick. 
 
 Marmont, W. .A., engineer, has served on the .Siiromw. 
 Aiiviuiif, Triumph and lUiik. 
 
 Marsh, John J., Seattle, Wash., mate of lug I'orlhind. 
 
 Marsh, Joseph, steward, Ballard, Wash. 
 
 Marshall, Capt. Gswahl P., Vancouver, B. C, commander 
 of Royal Mail sleamsliip /iiiipnKS of India, was born in Surrey, 
 lOigland, in 1857. He has followed the sea since 1870, serving 
 for many years in the British Navy. He came to the Northwest 
 with the Einpitis of India and has remained in command 
 since. 
 
 Martin, J. W., steward, has been running in the coasting 
 and .Sound trade since 1S76. He was on the llakola and a 
 number of other well known steamships, and has recently been 
 employed on the steamer A'os<i/ii: 
 
 Maseny, K., m.ister and pilot, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Mason, E. E., mate, IIood.sport, Wh.sIi,, was borii in New 
 York in 1.S62. He began steaniboating in 1877 on Puget Sound 
 on the Go/iah. He has run in different capacities on nearly all 
 the Sound steamers. 
 
 Masterson, Peter, engineer, San Francisco, has run north 
 on the steamer Pivtection and others. 
 
 Mathews, Charles, pilot, Semiahmoo, Wash., baa served on 
 the steamers Sialllf, .Innir .11. I'mcr, t hinook and Puritan. 
 
 Mathieson, Capt. Frederick K.. was horn in San F'rancisco 
 in 1866. He began sailing out of that port on the bark W. H. 
 Pimond in i8:ii and has recently been engaged on the 
 Ihininion. 
 
 Mau/.ey, Wallace, Taconia, Wash., agent of the Columbia 
 River & Puget Sound Transportation Company, has been con- 
 nected with the marine business in the Northwest for thirty 
 years. 
 
 Maxwell, Walter B , purser, Seattle, Wash., was tiorn in 
 Canada in |,'S68. He has been engaged on the Sound since 
 18SS, serving on the /. A'. .llrDonald, I'lopia and other 
 steamers. 
 
 May, Capt. Thomas, was born in Maine in 1S48 and has 
 been engaged in the mariiiC business since he was fourteen 
 years of age. He commenced steaniboating on Puget Sound 
 ill 1884 on the Willie, and for the past few years has been run- 
 ning as master of the steamer .Ihtllnomah. 
 
 McArthur, W. R., Vancouver, B. C, third assistant engi- 
 neer of steamship ll'arrinioo. 
 
 McCabe, William, stevedore, Taconia, Wash. 
 
 McCahall, Michael, wharfinger, Victoria, B. C, has been 
 engaged in the marine service on the Pacific Coast for twenty 
 years. 
 
 McCalhim, John, engineer, New Westminster, B. C , was 
 horn in Ontario in 1837. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1890, 
 fitted up the steamer Hon .Uiord. and ran on her for a short 
 time. He then joined the steamer Earlc of Vancouver, and 
 was afterward on the Hrlh' and Gladys. 
 
 McCarthy, John, engineer, was born in Ireland in 1856. 
 He commenced his marine .service in 1.S81 on the steamship 
 IValla Walla. He served on a number of coasting steamers as 
 second and first assistant and as chief of the steamer I'roliclion 
 for a year. For the past eighteen months he has been chief of 
 the steamer Xoyo. 
 
 McCarthy, Patrick, second oflScer on 'toasting steamships, 
 has been engaged on the ( 'osta A'ira and Wrilington since 18S8. 
 
 McClees, T. C, ship-carpenter, Ballard, Wash. 
 
 McClellan, Anthony, engineer, Vancouver, B. C, com- 
 menced steaniboating in the Northwest in 18S7 on the Leonora 
 and has recently been engaged on a number of British Colum- 
 bia tugs. 
 
 McClellan, Samuel, purser, Fairhaven, Wash., has been 
 connected with the steamboat business since 1S72. For the 
 past few years lie has been in the employ of the Pacific Navi- 
 gation Company. 
 
 McClure, C. I)., Portland, Or., lampist t'nited States 
 Ijglithouse Department. 
 
 McColgan, Dennis, engineer, was born in Maine in 1846. 
 His first marine work on the Pacific Coast was on the tug Erar- 
 less in 1.S87 on Coos Bay. He has since served as chief of the 
 steamers I'enlure, I'oinI .Irena and .Seolia, ami as first assis- 
 tant on a number of others. 
 
 McConalogue, James, engineer. Port Townsend, Wash., 
 was born in Ireland in iSsii anil has bee.i engaged in the marine 
 business for twenty eight years. He came to Puget Sound on 
 the .SVii Lion in 1.S88 and is still remaining with her as chief 
 engineer. 
 
 McConnel, Stewart, mate, Astoria, Or. 
 
 McConnell, .Alexander, engineer, Seattle, Wash., was horn 
 in Ireland in 1869. He comiiienccd steaniboating in 18S8 on 
 the tug lu'lle at Victoria and has recentlv been engaged on the 
 _/. E. Hoyden at Seattle. 
 
 McCorkle, A. M., engineer, was born in Indiana in 1S53. 
 He began running on Puget .Sound in 1874 on the steamer 
 ( 'hehalis. ami afterward served on the steamers .-iddie. ( oinel. 
 Gem. J. /.'. I.ihby, l^espahh, .llida, .Innie .Sleicarl. Oiler and 
 others. He is ai present living in Seattle, Wash. 
 
 McCulclieon. Robert, steward. Seattle, Wash., has been 
 connected with the A'orl/i I'aeifie, Lamina liayward, Olympian, 
 and other Puget Sound steamers. He was on the Eastern 
 Oregon when she burned at Olympia. 
 
 McCnIloch, H., mate and pilot, Portland, Or. 
 
 McCullough, -Allen, engineer, was born in San I'rancisco 
 in 1857. He began his marine career on the steamship Coiima, 
 was afterward on the steamers Cily of Sydney, Grenada and 
 Wilmington, ami tlieii engaged ill tugboating on San F'rancisco 
 Bay and the coast for three years. He was next on the steam- 
 ship Ate.K'ander, with which he went tO Siberia, and on his 
 return joined the steamsdiip Walla Walla, running with her to 
 the Sound for three years. He then went to the tug A'elief, on 
 which he has been serving on the Columbia bar. 
 
 McDonald, G. P., master of coasting vessels, was born in 
 St. John's, New Brunswick, in 1864. He has been sailing north 
 from San Francisco since 1885. 
 
 
 I > 
 
 : il 
 
 
48o 
 
 Lewia <{ Dryden'a Marine Hiatory of the Pacific Northwtii.i 
 
 McDonald, Copt. Henry H., was born in Nova Scotia in 
 1857- His first marine work in the Northwest was in the tug- 
 boat service at Gray's Harbor in 18S3. From there he went to 
 Fii);et Sound, where he has been connected with a number of 
 steamers, and is at present master of the Clan McPonalil. 
 
 McDonald, Stephen, freight clerk and purser, Portland, Or, 
 
 McDowdall, Matthew, engineer, Gig Harbor, Wash., was 
 born in Scotland. He commeued steauiboating in the North- 
 west in 1888 on the Columbia River and has recently been 
 engaged on the steamer Laurel. 
 
 McDowell, Samuel A., engineer, was born in Belfast, 
 Ireland. He served an apprenticeship at that place and after- 
 ward worked in the Barrow shipyard four years. He came to 
 British Columbia in 1883, and, after working ashore for three 
 years, joined the steamer Alaskan on the Stickeen River. He 
 has since served on the steamers Alice, Spitfiit; H'cslein Slope, 
 Cariboo and Fly, Telephone, Saiurna, Zona, Ella IVhile and 
 Senator. 
 
 McParlane, M. F., master and pilot, Portland, Or. 
 
 McFeely, Charles, engineer, was born in Ireland in 1864. 
 He has been euga|^ed as thinl and second assistant on he 
 steamers Corona, hureka, Los Angeles and others. He is at 
 present connected with the Noyo. 
 
 McGirr, William, Nanaimo, B. C, purser of steamer Culcli. 
 
 McGraw, John, engineer, Victoria, B. C, was born in 
 England in 1.851. He came to the Northwest in 1888 and has 
 recently been engaged as chief of the Maude. 
 
 McGregor, Capt. A. H., was born at Niagara Falls in i8,>3. 
 He began sailing out of New Bedford on a whaler when a boy. 
 He came to the Pacific Coast on the Three brothers in 1874, 
 remaining with her for two years, until she was crushed in the 
 ice at Point Barrow. He was next on the barks Rainbow, John 
 Ifowland, Fleeluing for one year each, and the barks Ocean, 
 Louisa, Atlantic for two years each, having command of the 
 latter. In 1S84 he entered the employ of the Pacific Steam 
 Whaling Company on the steam whaler Orca. A year later he 
 was given command of the whaler Nero, where he remained 
 for three years, and then took charge of the Orca, remaining 
 with her up to the present time. The vessel wliile in his 
 charge made the largest catch in 1890 ever taken in the Arctic 
 Ocean, the net proceeds of the voyage, after paying off the 
 crew, amounting to Ji75,(xx). 
 
 McGrovey, Thomas, engineer, San Francisco, has been 
 running nortii from that port in the steamship service since 
 1880. He has recently been connected with the Farallon. 
 
 McGuire, E. T., engineer, Vancouver, B. C, was born in 
 New Brunswick in 1.S69. After an experience of several years 
 on tugboats he came to the Pacific Coast in 18.S8, joining the 
 tug .Ictive as second assistant He was afterward chief of the 
 Earle and Velos, going from the latter steamer to the Empress 
 of Japan, where he worked as seventh assistant for a year and 
 a half, then leaving her to go on the Islander &\\(\ subsequently 
 the Cutch. At present he is chief of the tug Comet. 
 
 McGuire, W. W., engineer, Victoria, B. C, was born in 
 St. John's, New Brunswick, in 1S66, and has been in the 
 marine business for eleven years. He made one voyage to the 
 Arctic Ocean on the steam whaler A'arwiial from San I'ran- 
 cisco and has since been engaged on the tugs Lome and Hope. 
 
 McGurre, R., engineer, Vancouver, B. C, was born in St. 
 John's, New Brunswick, in 1841. His first marine work was on 
 the steamer Hercules, of which he was part owner, out of his 
 native city. On coming to British Columbia he constructe<l 
 the machinery for the Active, Nelson and several o.her 
 steamers. 
 
 Mclnnes, James D., engineer. New Denver, B. C, was 
 born in Cape Breton in 1S66 and commenced his marine service 
 running between Montreal and the West Indies. On coming 
 to Victoria in 18S8 he was engaged on the Cariboo and Fly 
 and other steamers running north from that port. In 1894 
 he was engineer on the steamer //'. /funler,lhe only steamer 
 on Slocan Lake. 
 
 Mcintosh, Capt. Daniel D., was born in Scotland. Twenty- 
 seven of the forty-five years he has spent on the water have 
 been passed on the Pacific Coast. He built the schooner Cham, 
 pion, the second vessel constructed at Port Blakely. The 
 schooner Foam was the first he was connected with on this 
 coast. Captain Mcintosh is now living at Victoria, B. C, 
 where he is still engaged in the marine business. 
 
 Mcintosh, Fred, steward, Victoria, B. C. 
 
 Mcintosh, John, engineer, Portland, Or. 
 
 Mcintosh, John F., engineer, San Francisco, was born in 
 California in 1868. His first marine work was on the United 
 States steamer Thetis in 1889 He was afterward on the 
 steamers Sehoine and Eastern Oregon, and since then has 
 served as third, second or first assistant on the steamships 
 Willamette, Mexico, Yaquina, Laguna, Arago, M'hilesboro, 
 and the tug Monarch. 
 
 Mcintosh, Robert, ship-rigger and contractor, Portland, Or. 
 
 Mclntyre, J. B., mate, was born in Port Townsend, Wash., 
 in 1868. He has been engaged on the tugs IHoneer m\i.\ Collis 
 and as second mate on the City 0/ .Seattle. He was afterward 
 on the steamships Wellington and .Michigan, and for tlie past 
 three years has been third and second mate on the steamer 
 Costa Rica. 
 
 McKay, H. F., purser, Tncoma, Wash. 
 
 McKendrick, Charles, engineer, Victoria, B. C, was born 
 in Scotland in i86j. He served an apprenticeship on the 
 Clyde, came to British Columbia in 1890, and has since been 
 engaged as first assistant on the steamers i'osemite, /iincess 
 Louise, /slander and />aHube, and as chief engineer of the 
 steamers Lyiton and Nelson uii Kootenai and Arrow lakes. 
 
 McKenzie, W., engineer, Vancouver, B. C, was born in 
 Nova Scotia in 1842. He served in the Cunard line on the 
 Atlantic for several years, and in 1884 came to the Pacific 
 Coast, working for the Canadian Pacific Railway at Vale and 
 Kaniloops. In 1888 he joined the tug Mamie as chief 
 engineer, and has since served on the Skidegate, lona, Spratt's 
 Ark and several small steamers. 
 
 McKenzie. W. W., engineer, Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 Michigan in 1868. He served on Lake Huron until 1889, when 
 he came to Puget Sound. He was on the tug .Uystic when she 
 sank and has recently been connected with the tug .llai;ic. 
 
 McKenzie, William, engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 McKumell, Percy, first assistant engineer of steamship 
 {Victoria, was born in Ontario, Canada, in 1867, and has been 
 in the steamship service for twelve years. 
 
 McLean, M. K., steward, San Francisco. 
 
 McLeod, J. M., master mariner, Nanaimo. B. C, was horn 
 in Edinburgh in 1850 and commenced going to sea at the age 
 of thirteen. He spent two years on a whaling expedition in 
 the Arctic Ocean and was afterward in the West Indies. He 
 came to (he Pacific Coast in iSSoand shortly went to Nanaimo, 
 where he has been tniding and hunting along the coast. He 
 owns and sails the schooner /loss. 
 
 McLeod, Robert M., engineer, was born in Scotland in 
 1831. He began his Northwestern marine career in 1865 on 
 the steamer /«//(! on the Willamette and Columbia rivers. 
 Since that time he has run on a number of steamers, among 
 them being the Alida, Zephyr and .Messenger. 
 
 McMahon, John, engineer, Vancouver, B. C, was born in 
 Ireland in 1865. He commenced steamboating in the North- 
 west ill 18S9 at Burrard's Inlet and has recently been connected 
 with the tug Mamie. 
 
 McMaster, Capt. .\ndrew, was born in Scotland in 1853. 
 He has been running in the deep-water trade between Liverpool 
 and the Pacific Coast for several years, most of the time in 
 command of the shiji Sierra Nevada. 
 
 McMaster, Capt. George H., Wenalchie, Wash., has been 
 engaged on steamers on the upper Columbia for the pa.st three 
 years and is at present pilot of the ( 'ity of /illenshurg. Before 
 coming to the Pacific Coast he was engaged on the jilississippi. 
 Red and other rivers. 
 
 McMullen, FMward, engineer, was born in Canada in 1E68 
 He was engaged on steamers on the Great Lakes until 1S90, 
 when he came to British Columbia. 
 
 McMullen, G. A., master and pilot, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 McMullen, George A., Seattle, Wash, master of tug /.ittle 
 Ciant, was born in Canada in 1863 and commenced steamboat- 
 ing on the Sound in 1.886. 
 
 McMurty, Charles, Stockton, Cal., master of steamer /. I), 
 /'eters, commenced his marine career with the California 
 Steam Navigation Company in 1869 as freight clerk, and for 
 nearly a quarter of a century has been master and pilot on the 
 Sacramento River. 
 
 McNelly, G. F., Hillsboro, Or, was born in England in 
 1863 and has been steamboating on the Willamette and Colum- 
 bia rivers since 1S86. 
 
 McNicholas, J. M., mate on sailing vessels, was born in 
 England and has been coasting on the Pacific for fifteen years. 
 
 McNiven, Alexander, engineer, was born in Cape Breton 
 in 1845. His first marine experience was on the Nickerson 
 steamship line between Boston and New Orleans. He came to 
 the Pacific Coast in 1883 and was first employed on the steamer 
 H'oodside, remaining there about a year and then going to the 
 steamer /.ottie. He is at present employed on shore at 
 Victoria. 
 
 McPherson, Charles, mate, Tacoma, Wash. 
 
 McRae, Capt. M. P., was born in Canada in 1858. He 
 sailed for twelve years on the Atlantic Coast and in 1888 came 
 to the Pacific and joined the Sadie F. Caller. He afterward 
 served as master of the barkentine Katie Flickinger. 
 
 McReavy, H. E., Jnion City, Wash., owner of steamer 
 Violet. 
 
Marine Men Engaged in the Waters of the Northwest 
 
 48 1 
 
 Mecready, W. J., eiiRiiiecr, San I'ranciiico. 
 
 Meehaii, ('., master iiiariiiur, was born in Ireland, May i, 
 1S45. He has followed the sea since a hoy in almost every part 
 of the world, Imt has never lieen in an accident of a serious 
 nature. He is at present on the bark Oiigoii. 
 
 MehaflTey, Rol)ert, eunineer, was chief of the Civivii of 
 /ing/diid until she was wrecked. 
 
 Mellon, Capt. II. A., Vancouver, H. C. was born in Kng- 
 laud in 1841. lie was in active service in the deep-water trade 
 for twenty years. He came to Vauconver in iS,S6 and repre- 
 sents America)', underwriters at that place. 
 
 Mellon, Capt. J. A., Vunia, Ariz, was in the coasting; trade 
 in the Nortliwcst many yei.rs ago on 'le bark .SVi»« Miiiill, 
 
 Merrilield, Capt. Kdwin, KvertM, Wash., was born in Ken- 
 tucky iu 1H64. He commenced his marine work at Seattle on 
 the tug /.illy in iSS? and has recently had charge of the 
 steamer MaswI. 
 
 Merrinian, d. M., engineer, was b'^rn iu Maine in 1861 and 
 began going to sea with his father about 1H75. He afterward 
 served an apprenticeship at John Roach's shipyard and came to 
 the Pacific Coast about iS,S.i. Iu iSfi; he joined the steamship 
 Affxiio us water-lender, and after she was wreckeil went to the 
 steamer Miiiif>osa as third assistant engineer, leaving her to go 
 as first assistant oil the steamer Ihl Nuiir. He afterwaril filled 
 a similar position on the steamships ^tlixandii; Birlenu and 
 A'lirano, and was then engaged with (leorge Kiiigsland in 
 placing the engines in the fireboat dovtinoi Maikham. He 
 then joined the steamer ( 'irsiciil ( ilv as assistant engineer, and 
 for the past few years has been chief engineer of the steamer 
 Noiih hoik. 
 
 Merriman, Capt. I. H., San I'raucisco, has served on the 
 ships Onxoii and finhd 
 
 Messerle, John, engineer, Umpire City, Or., was born in 
 Iowa in 1S57. He began steamboating about fourteen years ago 
 on the tug Ftaiiiss as fireman and is at present engineer on 
 the Government steamer CirHcinl ll'iij;/il. 
 
 Meyers, M., San Krancisco, master of schooner .Uodof. 
 
 Meyers, \V. H., engineer, was born in I'euusylvania in 1S22 
 and has spent over fifty years iu the niarine service, commenc- 
 ing on the steamer h.v/>irss on the Ohio Kivir iu 1S40. He 
 came to the Pacific Coast iu 1S53 and began running on the 
 Sacraiuento River steamer Urihhi, He remained on steamers 
 on that river until 1858, when he joined the steamship Sanln 
 ( 'rit::, leaving her at Whatcom to go to the h'raser River mines, 
 where he remained for over a year. On returning toSau Fran- 
 cisco he joined the steamer AV/z/.vr and subse(|ueutly the Quct'n 
 ( 'ily, which he left in i860 to go to the Nevada silver mines, 
 where he remained but a short time and again returned to the 
 water, this time running on the San Joaquin River. Altogether 
 he was iu the employ of the California Steam Navigation Com- 
 pany for ten years, leaving them to enter the ferry .service of the 
 Central Pacific Railroad. Several years later he entered the ser- 
 vice of the Stockton Iniproveuienl Company, running as chief 
 engineer on their steamers for five years. In 1.S91 he chartered 
 the tug (•'invriior.Sloiifinnn, which he oi)erated until November, 
 1S94. Since that time he has been employed on the ferries. 
 
 Miller, It. L., engineer, was born in Port Ciainble, Wash., 
 in 1871. His first marine work was on the /tliilio. running to 
 Alaska. 
 
 Miller, C, mate on sailing vessels, was born in Germany 
 in 1.S55 and commenced his marine service on the Ilaltic Sea. 
 He came to the Pacific Co.ist in 1SM6, serving for eight years as 
 second mate and mate on the bark ilis/<ii . I'or the past six 
 years he has been mate on the .S". .\'. ( \islh\ 
 
 Miller, David N., engineer, San I'raucisco. 
 
 Miller, Capt. I'., was born in California in i860. He began 
 sailing on the Pacific Coast in 18S7 on the ship Undttitttlrti, 
 and for the past three years has been master of the steamer 
 ( 'Icoiic. 
 
 Miller, Fred, mate on sailing vessels, was born in Germany 
 in 1858 and has lieen coasting out of San I'laucisco since 18S4. 
 
 Miller, Herman C, mate, has been on the Pacific Coast 
 since 1S72, but has followeil the water but little. .\\. present he 
 is connected with the life-saving station at I'mpcpia, Or. 
 
 Miller, John II., mate on sailing vessels. Port Towuseud, 
 Wash. 
 
 Milligan, A. C, Taconia, Wash., engineer of dredge 
 AiiaconJii. 
 
 Milne, William, Vancouver, B. C, tenth assistant engineer 
 of steamship limfiirss of India. 
 
 Miner, James I., engineer, Portland, Or. 
 
 Minisli, Joseph, chief engineer, San I'raucisco, has been 
 engaged in the marine business out of that port since 1S68. 
 
 Mitchell, l". H., master and pilot, PIverett, Wash 
 
 Mitchell, Capt. John R., was born iu Scotland in 1832 and 
 began sailing on the Atlantic, He came to San Fraucisco in 
 
 1867 and soon aflerwaril took charge of the schooner H'ild 
 /Igioii in the coasting lumber trade. After leaving her be 
 spent some fifteen years in the Japan and Chile trade, and in 
 1884 returned to Tacoma, where he took the position of 8econ<l 
 officer on the old bark .S'diiiosti, He went to Port Madison 
 with Captain Reed to build the schooner /'iiiiliiii, and has 
 u'c remaiueil iu the mill there. 
 Mitchell, Capt. S. C, Jr., was born in Washington in 1864. 
 He has been sailing out of San Francisco for twelve years in 
 the trade between that city, Gray's Harbor, Shoalwater Bay 
 and the Columbia River. I'or the past three years he has been 
 master of the schooner Oriinl, 
 
 Mitchell, 'r, G., engineer, was born in Hngland in 1.S52 
 and has been engaged in the marine business for twenty years. 
 His first work in the Northwest was on the tug I'ionnr in 1883. 
 I'or several years past he has been in the employ of the Cana- 
 dian Pacific Navigation Company on the steamer /^fmiii; 
 
 Mocine, John C, engineer, Cosmopolis, Wash., has been 
 engaged on the steamer Jlfoiilf.soiio most of the time since 
 coming to the harbor in 1891. 
 
 Moffat, Thomas, engineer, Victoria, H. C. 
 
 Monily, W. H., engineer, Portland, Or., commenced 
 steamboating on the ll'fslfiorl in 1878. He has recently been 
 engaged on the Iralda, and on the Vancouver ferry. 
 
 Monk, Capt. A., Vancouver, It C, was born in New- 
 foundland in 1S65 ami commeuceil hi> marine career at the age 
 of sixteen. He is at present engaged on the steamer l.tonoro. 
 
 Monroe, George E., mate, was born in New York in 1S52. 
 He began his marine career when he was sixteen years of age 
 on the ship ll'r/islti; between New York and San Francisco. 
 After following his business iu almost every part of the world, 
 he came to San Francisco in 1884. He is at pre.sent on the 
 Undiiiinlcd. 
 
 Monroe, Joseph A,, master of steam lerrv-boi-it (ilv of 
 Si-ollh-. 
 
 Montgomery, R., Portland, Or., engineer of steamer 
 Engine. 
 
 Mootly, Capt. Charles, Vancouver, li. C, was bom in New- 
 foundland in 186S and came to Hritish Columbia in 1S90. He 
 was first on the steamer /.t'onora, was master of the Skidtgule 
 for about two years, and has recently taken command of the 
 steamer I 'oino.v. 
 
 Moon, Charles L., Marshfield, Or., was born in Kansas in 
 1865 and has been steamboating on the Pacific Coast for nine 
 years. 
 
 Moorcroft, Albert, Vancouver, R. C, ninth assistant engi- 
 neer of steaiuship Em/»iss if China. 
 
 Moore, George, eiigiiiuer, Vancouver, \\. C. 
 
 Moore. Capt. J. Iv., was born iu Maine iu 1S60 and went to 
 sea when he was fourteen years old. For seven years he 
 cruiiied around the world. He came to I'tsalady in 18S0 and 
 for several years was iu the employ of the Piiget Alill Coiii])any, 
 after which he organized the Chinook Doom Company. Most 
 of his steainboating has been as captain of the . // A7, of which 
 he is half owner. 
 
 Moore, William, mate, .Se.ittle, Wash. 
 
 Moraii, Robert, was born in New York in 1S57 and arrived 
 in Seattle in 1875. 
 
 Moraii, Thomas, engineer, Portland, Or. 
 
 Morck, .\. H., mate, Port Madison, Wash. 
 
 Morck, I''. A., has served as purser on the steamers .Uas- 
 ivll, V'razrlii; Liicra .l/ason and nhvood. 
 
 Jlorck, William, engineer, Tacoma, Wash. 
 
 Moreiie, Ivlgar, .San Francisco, master of schooner I'olnn- 
 Ic'i'r, ruiiiiing in the coasting trade. 
 
 Morgan, Flislia, mate, Port Towuseud, Wash., is at present 
 third ollicer on steamship ( osla A'/ck. 
 
 Morley, Frank, master and pilot. Sail Francisco, has been 
 connected with a number of well known coast steamships and 
 was for several years employed on steamers 011 Puget Sound. 
 
 Morrison, Capt. li. II., .San Francisco, has been sailing on 
 the Pacific Coast for twenty-five years. 
 
 Morrison, George, engineer, Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 Minnesota iu 1S64 and came to Puget Sound iu 1882. He has 
 been engaged 011 the JCinma //ayuiiid, FliYl:cood, iXoil/i 
 Pacific, Eliza .Indcrson, and a number of other well known 
 steamers. 
 
 Morrison, Capt. H. H., Seattle, Wash., was born in Mich- 
 igan in 1863. He commenced steamboating on Puget Sound in 
 1888 and has been interested in the tugs .Magic, .Wyslic and 
 .\/ascol. 
 
 Morri.ssey, Capt. W. S., Port Angeles, Wash., was born ill 
 Massachu.setts in 1843. His marine business on the Pacific 
 Coast has been mostly iu the fishing trade to the Okhotsk Sea 
 
 HI 
 
 I' 
 
 1; 
 
 '§■ 
 
48a 
 
 Lewis (f Drydena Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 mill tile Cli»iinm){iii IsIiiikIh, wlii-re liv saili^l the iicliooiiera 
 /t(/fc nnil Ihisliinir li'mc. 
 
 Morse, Ciipt. C. C. wn8 born in Until, Me., in 1H44. He 
 coMinu'iice<l nailinK on the I'ncilic Const willi llie sliip 6V(i;x'<' F. 
 Manson m 1.SS5, hikI after two years took clmrKe of the ship 
 ( '. F. Sargiiil, where he rrninlned for a siniilnr len^lli of lime. 
 He tlien purchRiieil an interest in the ship OciiilcHliil, whieli he 
 roninmniied nntil a few months h^o, when he relnrneil to the 
 Sinxt'nt, of which lie is j)nrt owner. 
 
 Morse, l''raiik W., first mate of ship tyriis ll'akijielil m the 
 coasting traile. 
 
 Mortensen, I,., shipbuilder, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Moss, .Mliert, mate and second male, has been coastin); 
 ont of San Francisco since 1879. 
 
 Moiidy, W. !!., engineer, Vancouver, Wash. 
 
 Mnir, A. C. engineer. Ivsi|uiiiia1t, II. C, was born in Scot- 
 land in 1.S45. He came to Victoria in iH?!) and began rnnninK 
 as chief engineer of the steamer I'ilcl. In I.S77 he wa.s 
 agipointed chief engineer at the Ksi|iiinialt dryilock, and has 
 remained in that position since. Hefore coming to the Pacific 
 Coast he had considerable experience as a marine engineer 
 .sailing out of Hull and (ilasgow. 
 
 Muller, William, ship-carpenter, Newport, Or. 
 
 Mnltlianf, Jacob, engineer, was born in Milwaukee, Wis., 
 in iSj^. lie commenced steamboating in the Norlhwesi as 
 deckhand on the ll'c/idiiii' in 1S7S, and was afterwanl fireman 
 on the .7. W. .)/i( 'nlly and second as.sistaut on the John 
 (ni/t'S. Ilewastlieti chief engineer of tliesteainers /'. A'. A'rtXv/', 
 .Umola, ll'i>iic/ti; Cily 0/ Salfiii, V'/i irf Sis/cis am\ William 
 M. lliHtf', being connected with the latter at the present time. 
 
 Mnnsou, Capt. C. II., was born in Olympia, Wash., in 
 1867, and began steamboating on the Faniiv l.ake on I'uget 
 Sound in 1884. 
 
 Munson, John K., engineer, Kirkland, Wash. 
 
 Mnnzel, A , unite, was born in Oermany in 1S65. He 
 came to the Pacific Coast in 1888 and has been running on the 
 Sound and Coos Hay since as mate and second mate, holding 
 the latter position on the steamer A'oyo at the present time. 
 
 Murcbison, Capt. A. T., New Westminster, B. C, was born 
 in Illinois in 1863 and commenced his marine service in 1881 
 on the propeller /./'//ion the I'raser River. He was afterward 
 I 1 the tugs />'(■//(' and il'esliiiiiisler, and then took command of 
 the tug /iiiniiii for a year, subse(iueiitly running as master of 
 the llflh\ Ai'r; and Cornel. He remaiiU'd with the /)'(//<' four 
 years anil is still in charge of the ( oiiirl. 
 
 Mnrchison, P. S., master of schooner Fantty .-li/t'lr, was 
 born on Prince Edward Island in 1867 and has run .is mate 
 and ina-ster on a number of well knov. n coasting vessels. 
 
 Murphy, Capt Thomas, was born in St. John's, New 
 Bri'nswick, in 1S45. He s.iiled on the Kastern coast until 
 187 1, when he came to San I-raucisco via Hongkong and from 
 there to I'uget Sound. He began running as deckhanil on the 
 steamer t 'Iwhalis, was afterward on the Fanny Art/vand Xfllir, 
 and ran the steam launch flyaik for nine years. He is at 
 present living at Port (lauible. Wash. 
 
 Murray, J. I)., mate, .Seattle, Wash., was born in Kansas 
 and commenced sleamlioating in the Northwest on I'uget 
 Sound in 18.S6. 
 
 Murray. William, steward, Portland, Or. 
 
 Mylius, C. N., shipbuilder, Vancouver, 11. C. 
 
 Nadeau, I.uke C, steward, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Nagler. C. I'"., Seattle, Wash., master of tug MayJIowrr. 
 
 Niigler, Capt. Charles V., was born ill Ciermany in |8.';5 
 and lias been steamboating 011 Pnget Sound since 1H83. He 
 began on the Mi'ssiiii^cr aurl has since served in dilTerent 
 capacities on the Snsir, I'aisy. (ily of (Jiiiiuv, llasliiiiQloii, 
 W. K. M.nciii, Fcimlali: ./. R. MtlhmaUL Faiiiiairii, Flirl- 
 jvooil, Fanny Lake, Idaho and a number of others. 
 
 Neill, Thomas F., bar pilot, .-Astoria, Or. 
 
 Neilson, Thomas, master of tug /^omir, was born in Nor- 
 way in 1S61 and coiniuenced his marine service on the tug 
 //olyoke in 1883. 
 
 Nelson, I-Mward, mate on sailing vessels, was born in 
 Norway in 1851. He has been running on the P.icific Coast 
 since 1887 and for the past five years has been on the ship 
 ('oliiin/iia. 
 
 Nelson, Frank, steward, San F'rancisco. 
 
 Nelson, Horatio, Port Townsend, Wash., was born in 
 Christiana, Norway. He has been serving on Puget Sound 
 since 1887 on the steamers /lrs/>alih, A'lislli'i; (/aiiaml, Union, 
 Moffnl, Pisfovcry, Alert and others. 
 
 Nelson, John C, engineer. Port Townsend, Wash., is a 
 native of Norway and came to the Pacific Coast on the Walla 
 Walla in 1881. In 1886 he was engineer on the Puget Sound 
 steamers Cclilo, Qniin Cily and Virginia, was afterward on the 
 
 A. ./. Perry, .San Juan, Fanny l.ake, .Uldie, .Masliek and 
 Jou'/i/iine UH chief engineer, and on the tugs /Vcz/rc; and .Sen 
 /.ion as first assistant. He has recently been cngageil as 
 engineer on the tug .llerl. 
 
 Nelson, Capt. I,. A., was born ill Sweden in iS,s8 and came to 
 the Pacific Coast in 1882. He was first engaged (ni the l>ai\y 
 A'o;i'i\ anil has since had ciimm.ind of the Ceean .S/tray, ( orin- 
 Ihian and Fledrie. I'or the past five years he has been master 
 of the schooner Hoholink. 
 
 Nelson, N. H., male ami secoml male, San Francisco. 
 
 Nelson. ().. ma.ster of schooner Arlhnr I , has been sail- 
 ing on the I'acific Coast since 1888. 
 
 Nelson, P., steward, San Francisco. 
 
 Nelson, S., master ami pilot, llallanl. Wash. 
 
 Nelson, Thoma.s, mate, came to the Pacific Coast in 1884 
 and has run as mate on coasting vessels since. At present he 
 is on the schooner /. A', /.eech. 
 
 Newcomb, J. M., mate, Nanainio, It. C. 
 
 Newconibe, H., Nanainio, H. C , master of steamer Culeh, 
 was born in New llrnnswick in 1859 and was ill the ileepwater 
 service for several years, He came to the I'acific Coast in 1889 
 and commenced running on the steamer .Mamie. 
 
 Newcoinlie, Capt, J. It., Vancouver, II. C, was born in New 
 Drnnswlck in 184s and has been engaged in the marine service 
 for thirty-three years. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1.8,89. 
 
 Newhall, James, male, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Newhall, Capt. William, Seattle, Wash., was born in Maine 
 in 1.830 and has been engaged in the marine business for nearly 
 fifty years. He commenced on I'lgi-t Sound with the steamer 
 Siieee>,s, with which he is still coimected. 
 
 Newliug, O,, steward, Vancouver, II. C. 
 
 Newman, Henry W.. engineer, Snohomish, Wash,, was 
 born in New Vork City in 1859. He has been steamboating on 
 I'uget Sound since 1S85 on the Evangel, ( ascailes, .May Queen, 
 Glide and others. 
 
 1'., mate and second mate on coasting 
 
 H. 
 
 Nicholson 
 vessels. 
 
 Nickels, Capt 
 Nickels, Capt 
 
 .\lbert N., Port Hlakely, Wash. 
 F. A., was born ill Maine in 1S3S. He 
 began sailing on the I'acific Coast about 1S60, leaving deep 
 water in 1876 to engage in steamboating on Puget Sound. His 
 first vessel was the tug Katie, and he was afterward master of 
 several tugboats on the Sound, his last command being the 
 Tacoma. 
 
 Nickerson. Capt. Alon/.o, Victoria, H. C, was born ill Fast- 
 port, Me. He followed the sea for nearly thirty years before 
 coming to Victoria in 18S9, and has since been engaged on the 
 Thiille, .Sardony.v, Farlc and other British Columbia steamers. 
 
 Nielsen, Peter, master ami pilot, wjis born in Denmark. 
 He came to the I'acific Coast in 1,863 and joined the barkeutine 
 Jane .-/. Fatkenherg, making two trips to the Columbia River. 
 He then made three trips to Port ("lainble on the bark Torrent. 
 FVoin 1866 to i86y be ran various small vessels on the Sacra- 
 mento River, then took charge of the schooner Oweola, rnii- 
 ning coastwise, for a year, anil then went back to the river. 
 He ran as master of the schooners Helen, I.elina and .Mary 
 F. h'uss coastwise nntil 1887, when be began tiigboating on 
 San Diego Bay, and since then has been in that business in the 
 harbors of San Pedro, San Francisco and .Maska. 
 
 Nielson, Capt. Anton, Seattle, Wash , was born in Norway 
 in 1849. He has been engaged ill the marine business for 
 thirty years, fifteen of which he spent as master of sailing ves- 
 sels in various jiarts of the world. He came to Pnget Sound in 
 1,887 and was employed on the tug .Mogul, afterward serving a 
 couple of years on Columbia River steamers. When tlie 
 General (an/iy was taken to the Sound, Captain Niel.son joined 
 her as mate. 
 
 Nissen, Capt. II., was born in Penn.sylvania in 1S58 and 
 commenced marine service on the .Atlantic Coast. He came to 
 the Pacific in 1.S80. his fir coinmaiid being the Hawaiian 
 .schoonerycwHj' Walker m tin- South Seas. He afterward sailed 
 a number of vessels in the Hawaiian trade and for the past five 
 years has conimanded the barkeutine Mary Winklt'man, 
 engaged ill the coasting and island trade. 
 
 Niven, James, engineer, Victoria, B. C, was born in Scot- 
 land in 1867. He served an apjirenticesliip of five years in his 
 native country and then came to the Pacific Coast, running for 
 three years as second assistant on the steamsbi]) Farlhia and as 
 first assistant on the llataiia. He has also been connected 
 with the /.slander and other British Columbia steamers. 
 
 Nordeman, A., mate and second mate on coasting vessels. 
 
 Norman, Harry, mate. Victoria, B. C, was born in Norway 
 in 18,^2. He has been running on the Pacific Coast since 1878, 
 most of the time on Pnget Sound and Victoria steamers. 
 
 Norwin, Capt. H. H., was born in Nova Scotia in 1,860. 
 He came to San Francisco on the bark .Atlantic in 1881, 
 
 the 
 
 Xorl 
 Wet 
 the I 
 
 0| 
 ill Ne 
 in 18s 
 servic 
 1872, 
 retirei 
 (I 
 He h, 
 ning < 
 
 O 
 in i,S6 
 
 or 
 
 the if 
 
 schooil 
 nnnibj 
 and tu 
 the piJ 
 and riJ 
 
Marine Men Engaged in the Waters of the Northwest 
 
 483 
 
 i„ iS.s.S ami 
 
 He came to 
 
 lliL' Hawaiian 
 
 erwaril sailed 
 
 Uu' past five 
 
 ll'iidliiiiiiii. 
 
 retiiiiineil with lier n year, hiuI tlieii JDiiipil the wlialer /uluanl 
 M. liiiikir, K'aviti); her ill a lew iiiontliH lo enter tlie eiiipUiy of 
 the I'acitie Steaiii Whaling Coinpaiiv. He spent a year ini eaeli 
 of tile steamers /lnu'liidil, ISieleihi, 'I'hui^lui aw\ CViVf, ami two 
 years on tlic steam whaler Nnnchal. He llicii took rnmiiiami 
 of the steamer (iiiuiif>ii\ f<ir a ornise of nineteen inontlis, 
 ■ hiriiiK which he entereil the Mackenzie Kiver. On retiirninn 
 to San l''raiicisco he took tile sleamer Ihrleiut, witli whidi he 
 »ii;'.ereil in the Mncken/ie River. Captain Norwin penetrated 
 farllier into the Arctic Ocean than any steamer hail yet been, 
 openiiiK np a new fiehl of considerable extent for the whaliiiK 
 industry. 
 
 Nutian, Thomas, shipliuilder, Coiipeville, Wash., was horn 
 in Ireland in lS.|()aiid learned his trade in New Sonlli Wales. 
 He arrived at I'lirt lownseiid in the fall of iS'iy. lie went to 
 Seattle ahonl iS7y and shortly afterward formed a partnership 
 with Jonathan Milcliell. They have constructed several well 
 known steamers. 
 
 Nnte, Charles H., enj!iiieer, was horn ill Boston, Mass.. in 
 iSv>. lie commenced his marine caieer in the Northwest in 
 1.S7.S on the Wiili- Wiil, ami has since served on the WilUimilli- 
 I'liir/, Miilliii'iiiah, Slurk Slieit t'cny, //dssa/o, Pixir 
 Tliomf>soii, //ill lit/ Oiiifii, and other steamers of the Oregon 
 Railway & Navi>;alion Company. 
 
 Nylund, Cajit. Ctustaf, Marshfield, Or, was horn in I'Miiland 
 in 1.S55 anil conimeiiced his marine service on the Atlantic in 
 1S75. Ill iH.Sj he came to the I'acific Coast and was for a short 
 time on the steamer I'oitiin: He remained ashore several 
 years and a short time a^o took comniaii<l of the schooner 
 (•'till nil Sigliii, of which he is part owner. 
 
 Oakes, Waller, Tacoina, Wash., superintendent of the 
 I'uget Souiiil tt Alaska Steanisliip Company. 
 
 Oherg, Charles, male, Victoria, li. C, was horn ill Sweden 
 in i.S6,5. lie liashcen eiiKaned on a miniherof British Columhia 
 steamers and also on the .Ix'ties .^/i l)i»iiil<l and .\/aggir .l/tu: 
 At present he is employed in the coasting lumber trade. 
 
 Oberg, Vred, mate, Astoria, Or., began sailing out of San 
 Krancisco in 1S75. I'or the past ten years he has not been 
 engaged in the marine business. 
 
 O'Connor, Arthur, steward on sailing vessels, San I'raii- 
 cisco. 
 
 O'Connor, Capt. J. C, was born in New York in 1S46. He 
 began steaniboating on l<ake Washington in 1874 on the stern- 
 wheeler C/ii/ui/is and is at present running on the steamer 
 A'ii//iiriiit: 
 
 O'Donnell, W. H., engineer, was born in Philadelphia in 
 1S56 ami has served as chief engineer on a nuniber of tugboats 
 ill the ICast. He came to the I'acific Coast in i.S.Sy as third 
 .assistant on the tug I'ii;i7,iii/. He reinained with her for a 
 short time and then went to the tugs ^l/ei/ and Kcliaiice as 
 chief engineer, .serving on them for five years and then joining 
 the steamer Sunn/ in the same capacity. 
 
 Oeser, Hugene, iiuarterinaster, Victoria, II. C. 
 
 Olesen, Capt. .\., was born in Norway in 1S61 and came to 
 the I'acific Coast in iS.So. He was master of the barkentine 
 A'ini/i /tnui in 1S87 and also served as master of the schooners 
 H'ch/iiof, (hiiiil Ani\ i'li/iiiitiyr. At present he is in charge of 
 the barkentine ( '. ( '. /■'uiik. 
 
 Olesen, Capt. C. R., was horn in Norway in 1S49. He has 
 been sailing on the I'acific Coast since 1S72 and recently was 
 appointed master of the schooner .\/iiiilui Tii/l. 
 
 Olesen, Thomas, mate on sailing vessels, was born in 
 Norway in 18,53 and has been sailing out of San I'rancisco since 
 1S7S, most of the time on lumber schooners. 
 
 Oleson, K., mate, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Oleson, Edward, male on sailing vessels, San l-'rancisco. 
 
 Oliphant, John C, steamboat agent, Portland, Or. 
 
 Oliver, Jacob, steward, San I''ranci.sco. 
 
 Oliver, Capt. Nelson T., Port Townsend, Wash., was horn 
 in New Bedford, Mass., in 1.S33. He came to the I'acific Coast 
 in icS.sg on the hark Coral anil was afterward in the whaling 
 service for several years. He located at Port Townsend in 
 1.S72, where he engaged in piloting for several years. He 
 retired a short time ago and has since been living ashore. 
 
 Oliver, W. II., engineer, was born at Port Huron, Mich. 
 He has been steaniboating on I'uget Sound since 1SS6, begin- 
 ning on the /ulilli 011 Lake Washington. 
 
 Olsen, A. H. , mate on sailing vessels, was born in Norway 
 in 1S63 and has been sailing out of San Francisco since 1S79. 
 
 Olsen, Capt. H., was born in Norway in 1S65 and came to 
 the I'acific COa.st in 18S3. He was first engaged on the 
 schooner /. A', /.icd.i, and then as mate ami carpenter on a 
 nuniber of coasting vessels until iSgi, when he went to Alaska 
 and took charge of the steamer /iaraiioff, which he has run for 
 the past few seasons, returning to Sau Krancisco in the winter 
 and running on coasting steamships. 
 
 Olsen, Capt. I'rcd, Newport, Or., was born in Sweden ill 
 I.S3S and iiegan coasting in iHAi between San I'rancisco and 
 northern ports. He remaineil in the business abmil twelve 
 years and was tpiite successful, but retired several years ago. 
 
 Olsen, I.., mate on sailing vessels. 
 
 Ol.seii, Capt. M., was lairn in Norway in 1849 and began 
 deep-water sailing in various jiarls of the world before coming 
 to the I'acific Coast in iSfiy. After his arrival he went as mate 
 on the schooner Xkhcuv. coasting between Humboldl, Cuos 
 Hay and the Sound. Ill 1879 he became master of the schooner 
 H ii'ii III , and has since held a similar position on the /.iiiiir 
 Tlicliii, iXitfia ( i/y, /vaiilioi\ /.iiiira .War, .liiiclliys/ ami .Wary 
 dilheii. I'or the past year he has been master of the schooner 
 .llhioii, 
 
 Olsen, Capt. Mathias, Oakland, Cal., was born in Norway 
 ill 1850 and has been riiniiing coastwise since 1872. He was 
 first on the brig A'olna, and has since served as master of the 
 schooners I'liiiis, .ll/ieil, .Iniiir (/ir and A". It^, /larllell, atill 
 being in coininand of the latter. 
 
 Olsen, Capt. O. T., was born in Norway in 1860. His first 
 inariiie experience was as a seaman on the Miiglisli coast. He 
 came to ,Saii l''raiicisco in 18.S3 and has been sailing in the 
 northern trade most of the time since. He was for five years 
 master of the schooner HmsU' A'li'w, and for the past few yeara 
 has hail coininand of the schooner />iiisy A'mre. 
 
 Olsen, Olof, mate, San h'rancisco. 
 
 Olsen, Peter, San Francisco, male on steamer Siinol. 
 
 Olsen, William, male. San Francisco, has been on the 
 Pacific Coast since 1879. He was ill the sealing traile for two 
 or three seasons and in 1893 was male on the Cnqiiillain when 
 she was seized. 
 
 Olson, .\. L., steamship mate, was born in Sweden in 
 185S. He has been in the employ of the Pacific Coast Sleaiii- 
 ship Company on their steamers since 1878 and has recently 
 been engaged on the . // AV. 
 
 Olson, Capt. J. p., was born in Sweden in 1840. He has 
 been sailing on the Pacific Coast since 1888 and has recently 
 had command of the steamer Alcalde. 
 
 Olson, William V. ,San I'rancisco, master of schooner Ceiii. 
 
 O'Niel, James, engineer, Seattle, Wash., was born in Maine 
 in 1862 and began steaniboating on the Sound in 1878 on the 
 Yakima. He has run on a nuniber of well known Sound 
 steamers and has also been on the steamships I/aytian A't'/tiiblir 
 and ll'iliiiiiixloii. He has recently been employed on the 
 steamer /dalio. 
 
 Ollimer, George, slewaril, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Otis, D., engineer, was born in Minnesota in 1,864. On 
 coming to the I'acific Coast he joineil the steamship I'ictoria, 
 where lie remained for two years and a half. He was also ou 
 the Slalf of ( alifoiiiia and Neuheni and then made a trip to 
 .Alaska as first oiiicer on the steamer />ora. On his return he 
 joineil the A'in'c as tirst assistant, going from her to the It alia 
 Walla, where he ran for a year as third assistant. He was 
 next on the steamer I'ilyo/' 'fofycka as first assistant for two 
 years, and was afterward 011 the (rrsifiit lily and U'liilrshoro, 
 still being connected with the latter. 
 
 Olt, O. W., master and pilot. Sail Francisco, has run in 
 the Northwesl as seaman on the Uri.:aha and I.illle ( ali/'oriiia, 
 
 Overton, Daniel W., engineer, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Owens, P., engineer, San I'rancisco. 
 
 Owens, R. J., steward on I'nited Slates steamer Coliiiiihiiif. 
 
 Packard, H. I", pilot commissioner, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Packwood, William, engineer, was horn in Olympia. 
 Wash., in 1857. He began his marine service in 1.S79 as fire- 
 man on the steam schooner Oiia, and was afterward on the 
 steamers /ulilli, /'carl, /.oiii- Fislierman, /'.diia, .^kaait C/iivf, 
 /•'liza .•hidrrsoii, and oilier well known Sound vessels. lie 
 was fi>r a short lime on the steamship A'nireiiau; and also 
 served for a few moiilhs as first assistant on the .Wiiikiiiaw. 
 
 Pafinfos, Robert, male and second mate, San I'rancisco. 
 
 Page, James, mate, was born in Maine in 1S48 and was 
 connected with sailing vessels on the Atlantic Coast for 
 eighteen years. His first work on coming to the I'acific Coast 
 was on the tug X A. .Wasliik. He has also been eiigage<l on 
 the steamers (,'oliali, A'alir, /bonier and Taioma, still being 
 connected with the latter. 
 
 Panhorst, Henry, male, was born in San Francisco in 1S71. 
 He has been engaged as mate on the .Wodor and /'iiioli; of 
 which his father was master. 
 
 Paipiet, Peter, was born in St. I.ouis, JIo., January 13, 1839, 
 and came to Oregon in 1852. In 1S61 he began his trade of 
 boathuilding, which he had learned from his father. He fol- 
 lowed it until 1866, when he went to the sawmill business for 
 three years. 
 
 Parker, 1''. S., master mariner, was born in Maine in 1830. 
 He began sailing on the Atlantic Coast, and has visited almost 
 
 I 
 
484 
 
 Lewis 4 Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 every piirt of tlie world, ImviiiK followed liit rallliiK >» every 
 counlry exce|>t I'mnce niiil AInHka. lie bexiiii on the I'licilK' 
 Coant III |S68 lit Sun FraiicUco. DiiriiiK l>iii fifty two ycurit in 
 tile marine InisiiicHii, he hax been in a iiniiilier of acciileiitii, lint 
 none of a Norious nature. Captain Parker i» at iireHenl on the 
 ship Oiiiii/iit, anil iiiakeH IiIh home in San I''ranciHei>. 
 
 J'arker, Henry A., mate, Seattle, Wash., wan horn in Maine 
 in 18A6. lie haa been HteainhoatiiiK on the Sound aitire iSSi, 
 and recently has been connected with the ./. A'. Kohinson. 
 
 I'arker, Capt. J. 11., has lictn connected with the marine 
 business for over forty years. He coninienced on the I'liclfir 
 Coast in 1H5.S with the I'licific Mail Steamship Company, 
 serving on all of their steamers on the Panama and China 
 routes. He is at present living in ParkershiirK, Or., where he 
 has a sawmill anil is also interested in the tUK Triumph. 
 
 I'arker, J. J., mate, Tacoina, Wash., was born in Ohio in 
 1842. He entered the marine service at the a^e of eleven, sail- 
 ing on the ('treat Lakes and in the deep-water trade until 1883, 
 when he came to the Pacific Coast. He was for a short lime in 
 charge of the Pacific Coast .Steamship Company's wharf at San 
 UieKo. He was afterward wharfiUKer at I'ort Townsend, and 
 for a few months was mate on the tug Cullis. 
 
 Parker, Capt. \V. .\., Tacoina, Wash., has been in the 
 marine business for over forty years, most of the time on the 
 Atlantic Coast and dreat Lakes. His first work in the North- 
 west was in 1S89 on the steamer Susif. 
 
 Parker, William, enxineer, New Westminster, B. C, has 
 been enf(aKed on steamers of the Union Steamship Company 
 •inee coininK to the Northwest. 
 
 Parks. (leorKe 1'., engineer. 'I'acoma, Wash., wai born in 
 Oregon in 1871 and has been engaj^ed on steamers on Pnget 
 Sound since 1878. 
 
 Parks, I,. C, Tacoina, Wash., was born in Wisconsin in 
 1869 and has served as assistant engineer on nearly all of the 
 principal Pnget Sound steamers since 1887. 
 
 Parrott, W. K., master and pilot, Portland, Or. 
 Paterson, Capt. !,. (i., was born in Denmark in 1838. He 
 has been sailing on the Pacific Coast since 1-865, twenty-five 
 years of which have been as m.isler, and for the past four years 
 has had command of the schooner /('. S. I'lielps. 
 
 Paton, William, fifth olTicer of steamship limpiess of India, 
 was born in Scotland in 1862. He has been on the Pacific 
 Const since i.S.So. 
 
 Patlerson, Capt Donald II., Vancouver, It. C, was born in 
 Scotland in i860 and commenced sailing to the Kast Indies and 
 Australia when a boy. His first work on the Pacific Coast was 
 in 1881 in the Nanaimo coal trade. He left .sailing ships in 
 1S83 and was for five years in the employ of the Canadian 
 Pacific Navigation Company as mate. He was afterward 
 master of the steamer /uulnW. Vancouver, going from her to the 
 steamer /><//c, and in July, 1893, taking charge of the .li/iir, 
 where he has since remained. 
 
 Patterson, W. J., engineer, Vancouver, II. C, was born in 
 Ontario in 1.S59. His first marine t xperience was on the Great 
 Lakes, where he remained unt' ' <.S6, when he came to the 
 Pacific Coa.st and joined the steam • V/i/c as fireman. He has 
 since served as engineer on the '■ .: /^n\tt/ntiitji^/i/, Si'ciin and 
 others, working on shore a portion of the time. 
 
 Patterson, Capt. William, Dlaine, Wash., was born i . Ire- 
 land in 1824 and began sleamboating on the Pacific Coast on 
 the Sacramento River in 1852, going to Puget Sound six years 
 later. He engaged in trading around the Sound, which he fol- 
 lowed for fourteen years, during which he owned and ran the 
 sloops Piriiliss Hoy and J'liie /Hue. Captain Patterson has not 
 followed the water for several years. 
 
 Paulsen, Capt. P., was born in Denmark in 1S57. He came 
 to the Pacific Coast from New /.ealauil in 1S79 on the schooner 
 William L. IScebe, then in the lumber liade. His first com- 
 mand was the .schooner I'ltviier in 1890. which he sailed for 
 two years and then took command of the barkentine liiirekn. 
 Paup, Martin, was born in Pennsylvania in 1846 and came 
 to the Pacific Coast in 1872. He began running on the steamer 
 Polilkofsky, where he remained for sixteen years, fourteen of 
 which he was chief engineer. He afterward served in the same 
 capacity on the tujj lUalcely, retiring from her a short time 
 ago. He is now living in Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Pearson, H. K., Portland, Or., steward of steamer Dallas 
 lily. 
 
 Pearson, James, San Francisco, steward of schooner Alpine. 
 Pearson, Capt. John P., was born in Sweden in 1829 and 
 has been connected with the marine business nearly half a 
 century. During the Civil War he served as ensign in the 
 United States Navy and was on the mortar schooner Sarah Bruin 
 in an engagement on Mobile Bay. He came to the Pacific 
 Coast in 1876 on the bark Afoulana, was afterward mate on the 
 ship tl'ashini;lun IJhby and a number of other sailing vessels. 
 
 and finally was given command of the iihip Ivanhoe, which he 
 sailed for three years. He was then master iil llie steamer 
 h'eindale. having her a month before she was wrecked to take 
 conimand of the bark Hiimaiiia, >n\ which he has since been 
 engaged in the coasting trade. 
 
 Pearson, Martin, Oakland, Cal., master schooner ( '"/hiV/c. 
 
 Peasley, Kalph I'.., San Hranclseii, mate on schooner (iai- 
 iliner Cily' 
 
 Peck, Capl. W. N., Unreka, Cal., was born in New Haven, 
 Conn. He came to the Pacific Coast ill I.Sfn, his first work on 
 arrival being on the old steamer .Seiialor. He reinained with 
 her but a short time and then entered the coasting trade, soon 
 afterward running from the .Sound to Australia and South 
 American ports in the lumber trade. .\t present he is master 
 of the barkentine I'liile John. 
 
 Peel, I.oiiis, engineer, IIoi|iilain, Wash., was burn in Pitts- 
 burg, Peiiii., in I.S.S2. He commenced steaniboating on Oray's 
 Harbor about twelve years ago. He has been engaged on the 
 Monlesano, Typhoon, A'u.stlet, Tillie and others, and is engi- 
 neer and part owner of the Tillie. 
 
 Pendergast, James W., engineer, was born in San I''raiicisc<> 
 in 186A. He has been ninning north from .San p'raiicisco for 
 the past tell years, serving on the sleiinicrs TilLimotik. .Iraxo. 
 .l/'av, A/eviiu, .Sunol, (ireemcooti, .llmlra:, H'hilesboro and 
 ('o.uni)polis, and is at present chief of the latter. 
 
 Pendleton, A. V., manager of Oregon Kailway >V Naviga- 
 tion Company's wharf at Astoria, Or. 
 
 Pendergiiist, M P., Marshficld, Or., master of steamer 
 Comet, was born in Tennessee in lSjo. He came to Coos Hay 
 in 1S72 and engaged in the mill business until about five years 
 ago, when he pnrch.ised an interest in the steamer Cornel and 
 took commaiid. 
 
 Peiifield, Russell, engineer, Victoria, II. C. 
 Peregory, I). C, engineer. Seattle, Wash. 
 Perrot, I'raiik, marine draughtsman. Port Townsend, Wash. 
 I'eterkin, Constantiiie, mate on sailing vessels, was born in 
 Finland in 1.S.19. He has been sailing on the Pacific Coast 
 since 187^ and for the past five years lias been mate on the 
 barkentine I'orllaiid. 
 
 Peters, Charles J., engineer, Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 Maine in 1S67. He has been steaniboating on Puget .Sound 
 since 1887, serving on the I'hanlom, lUakely, Mary F. I'erley, 
 Kip Ian Winkle, and otlierwell knciwn steamers. He has also 
 served on the steamships Queen o/'llie /iic/Ai and llilminnlon, 
 and has recently been engaged as engineer on the steamer 
 .San Juan. 
 
 Petersen, Capt. Christian, was born in Denmark in lSs4 
 and began sailing north in the Pacific Coast trade in 1875. He 
 was first on the schooner l.iz'ie .Madison, running as mate 
 until 1884, when he was aiipointed ma.ster of the schooner 
 Parallel, of which he became part owner. He left her two 
 years later for the schooner .\lary li. A'us.s, which be sailed 
 iinlil iS/i, at which time he jiurchased an interest in and 
 superintended the building of the four-masted schooner lilhel 
 y.ane, which he has since comnianded. 
 
 Petersen, Capt. Henry, was born ill Norway ill I.S61. He 
 cominenced his marine service on the mail steamship Xortvay, 
 coming to N;w Orleans in 187S. He came to the Pacific Coast 
 in 1S84, servi-'l for a few vears as second mate and mate, and 
 then tool- t' c i .win -Vci'i? to Tahiti. He was afterward mate 
 on a nil, liber jf steam sclioontrs, and master of the schooner 
 Seven Sisltr, and the stiaiii schooner l.aguna. 
 
 IVtersi 11. J., mate on sailing vessels, San P'rancisco. 
 Petersen, J. H. C, engineer, was born ill Germany in 1S6S. 
 His first work on the Pacific Coast was as as.sistaiit on the tug 
 Relief, where he remained for two years, afterward serving on 
 the Cily of Puehia, Oregon and other steamships. 
 
 Petersen, Capt. Jacob, was born in Denmark in 1845. He 
 commenced liis marine service on a Danish man-of-war, sailed 
 out of Knglish ports for eight years, and then came to New 
 Vork on the steamship ('cr(i;;<(. He shipped from Boston for 
 Portland, Or , on the bark Corea, arriving 111 1871. He worked 
 for a while on the steamer Okanogan, leaving her to engage in 
 the coasting trade In 1877 he was running to Puget Sound on 
 the schooner (ourser, first as mate and then as master. He 
 was afterward master of the brigantine /uireka, schooners 
 EInora, Sea Foam, llobolink, Killy .Slerens, />ai.sy A'otce, 
 (iareia, ll'eslern Nome, and a few siiiiill steamers. At present 
 he is master of the schooner Weslern Home. 
 
 Petersen, Capt. O. I., Astoria, Or., was born in Denmark 
 in 1862. He .served for several years in the United States Navy 
 on the Pensaeola, Iroquois and h'odgers, and was with the 
 latter when she was destroyeil by fire off llie coast of Siberia. 
 He had charge of the steam launch Prisk on the Columbia 
 River for three years and is at present an inspector in the 
 Astoria custom-house. 
 
.1 ■•■ :. 
 
 Marine Men Engaged in the Waters of the Northwest 
 
 485 
 
 !;,„■, wliicli he 
 
 I tile Hteiiiiier 
 cikeil to take 
 iiiH »iiicf bteii 
 
 joner ( ni/iii/le. 
 Hohooiier (•III ■ 
 
 II New Uiiveli, 
 < liritt work on 
 reiiiniiuil willi 
 iii({ trnile, soon 
 tlia ami SouHi 
 Mit lie is iiiaitter 
 
 s liorii ill I'ilts 
 iliiiK on Ciray'ii 
 
 MiKiiKe'l "" '''.*' 
 r», and ih eligi- 
 
 II San I'raiicisco 
 II l''ranci»i-o for 
 Itaiiiook, .liaxo. 
 H'hilnbuni ami 
 
 Iway Jt NaviKn- 
 
 ister of steamer 
 
 iiie to Coos Hay 
 
 alioiil live years 
 
 aiiier Coimi ami 
 
 TowusendAVasli. 
 ssels, was born in 
 the Pacific Coast 
 leeu mate on tlie 
 
 isb., was born in 
 on I'nuel Sonml 
 Mai\ /•■ I'.iley, 
 
 lers. He has also 
 iiul lli/iiiiii.i;/""< 
 
 r on the steamer 
 
 Denmark in 1S54 
 rade in 1875. He 
 riiuniiiK as male 
 of the schooner 
 He left her two 
 which he sailed 
 interest in and 
 lmI schooner AVAi/ 
 
 rwav in 1H61. He 
 teaiiiBliip Xoi:r"y, 
 
 the Pacific Coast 
 ate and mate, and 
 as afterward mate 
 er of the schooner 
 III. 
 
 n l''rancisco. 
 
 1 lU-rmany in 1S6H, 
 ssistanl on the lug 
 lerward serving on 
 shijis, 
 
 mark in 1S45. He 
 
 man-of-war, sailed 
 
 llieii came to New 
 
 il from lioston for 
 
 HI 1X71. He worked 
 
 ng her to engage in 
 
 to Pugel Sound on 
 
 en as master. He 
 
 liiiii-kii, schooners 
 
 reus, Daisy A'lWf, 
 
 rainers. At present 
 
 4 born in Denmark 
 I'nited States Navy 
 , and was with the 
 he coast of Siberia. 
 iX- on Ihe Columbia 
 an inspector in the 
 
 Peteriien, P. M., 111 ! on sailiuK vesselB, has been running 
 north from San Fram o since 1886, He has recently Iweii 
 employed a« mate on tli. icliooner /.Hcy. 
 
 I'etemen, R., keeper of the Willapa Hay l.iglithouae, was 
 employed on the lighthouse tender .Uiinzaiiiln, and was on 
 sailing vesaels until about 1878. 
 
 Peterson, A., mate on sailing vessels, San Francisco. 
 
 Peterson, Andrew, master of sailing vessels, was born in 
 Sweden in 1H33 and has been engaged in the marine business 
 for forty six years I'or the past five years he has been run- 
 ning to Alaska as mate and master of vessels employed in the 
 cannery business. 
 
 Peterson, C, stewaril of schooner Miiiilnuiiia, San Fran- 
 cisco. 
 
 Peterson, Charles, San Francisco, steward of hark H'iliia. 
 
 Peterson, Capl Charles tV. F., was born in .Sweden in 1H61. 
 He began sailing north from San Francisco in 1S82. He has 
 serveil as first ollicer on the steamship Pel .\orle and as master 
 of the steamer .■hilii and schooner l.itlic mid Matlie. In 1893 
 he took comiiiand of the Stiilof /ioy, with which he has since 
 been engaged. 
 
 Peterson, Claudius, mate, Quartermaster Harbor, Wash. 
 
 Peterson, I'rederick, engineer, was born in London in 
 1845. Ife came to Puget .Sound in 1870 and began on the old 
 steamer /l/aii' /)iaiiiimd. Since that time lie has been con- 
 nected with nearly all the steamers plying on the Sound, 
 among them being the Idiilvt, .l/ida, .l/iisiaii, Olympian, 
 T. J. I'ollcr, h'liiiiiy Lake and many others. I'or the past few 
 years he has been ill the employ of the Pacific Navigation 
 Company, niiining on the steamers Fairlitixen and Slate of 
 ll'tis)iiiii;li»i. 
 
 !*etersoii, (1.. mate on sailing vessels, was born in Sweden 
 ill 1869 and has been running on the Pacific Coast for the past 
 nine years. 
 
 Peterson, Harry, male, San Fiancisco, was born in Oer- 
 inaiiy in 1866, He has been coasting out of .San Francisco for 
 three years, 
 
 Peterson, John, master ami pilot, Portlaml, Or. 
 
 Peterson, Capl. John, was born in Norway. He has been 
 sailing on the Pacific Coast since 1877 and is at present master 
 of the bark .^/iJVear. 
 
 Peterson, John H., .San Francisco, master of schooner 
 T:rili,i;/il. 
 
 Peterson, Julius, Hoquiani, Wash., steamboat master and 
 owner. 
 
 Peterson, Capl. N. P., was born in Denmark in 18,^2. He 
 commenced going to sea al the age of fifteen aud foUoweil deep 
 water until 1855, when became to the Pacific Coast as second 
 male on the ship Geoige /.aw. He received his first cummand 
 in 1S64 and continued in the coasting trade until 1S91, when he 
 broke his leg while .serving as master of the bark ('liailes II. 
 k'eiiuey. .Since thai lime he has remaine<l ashore. 
 
 Peterson, Caj)!. Oliver, was born in Deninark in 1840 and 
 came to San I'raiicisco in 1861 on the ship /'VoreiitY. In i8ftg 
 lie was mate on the schooner .May Oiieeii, in 1873 mate on the 
 brig Taiiiiei. and ill 1874 was appointed master of the brig 
 .MiiilHiiiliiiaii, leaving her ill a short time to take coininaiid of 
 the brig ('liiiiea. He was for seven years master of the 
 schooner .Sail /iiieiiafeiilitra, has also been master of the bark- 
 eiitinc I'allieiiiie .Sudden, schooners /. H. Leeds and Liiey, 
 being still in coinmand of the latter He has been running in 
 the Umpiiiia and Coos Hay trade for nineteen years, and has 
 never had an accident in crossing the bars. 
 
 Peterson, P., ni.ile on sailing vessels, has been coasting out 
 of San Francisco for ten years. For the past eighteen months 
 he has been connected with the ( '. /'. /liyanl. 
 
 Petit, Herbert, engineer, Ihvaco, Wash. 
 
 Petlijjrew, James, engineer, Victoria, H. C, was born in 
 Scotland in 1863 and has been engaged in the marine business 
 for twelve years. He came to Victoria in 1S91 and joined the 
 steamer Danube as second assistant. He was next on the 
 steamer Caledonia, going from her to the Constance and Velos. 
 
 Pettini, Anton, steward, San Francisco, was born in Italy 
 in 1842. He has been running coastwise and in the Island trade 
 since 1872. At present he is on the schooner R. II'. Bartlelt. 
 
 Pellman, John I.., engineer, Newport, Dr., was born in 
 Ohio in 1849. His first service was on the tug Favorite al 
 ■Astoria in 1886. He has since served on the steamers IValluski, 
 T. M Riiiiaidson and Volania on Vaquina Bay. 
 
 Phillips, John, mate on barkiVa King, was born in London 
 in 1849. He has been coasting north from San Francisco for 
 twenty-two years. 
 
 Phillips, Willard F., engineer, Florence, Or., was born in 
 Maine in 1850. He came to the Siuslaw River in 1883, and in 
 partnership with O. W. Hurd bought the propeller .Mary Hall, 
 
 which they ran for one summer. They then purchased the 
 steamer Mink at Coos Bay, which they have since run in con- 
 nection with the siilewheeler Coos. 
 
 Pickernell, John, Astoria, Or., master and owner of iteanier 
 .l/rtiy/nn'o. 
 
 Pierce, Capt. George H,, was born in Maine in 18.^5, He 
 has been sailing the ocean for twenty three years, ami for the 
 past five years has been in the Nanainio coal trade on the 
 Canolllon and Sea King. 
 
 Pierce, Nelson, retired master, ,Saii Fraiiciscn, came to the 
 Pacific Coast in 1849 and was iiiteresteil In a large number 01 
 coasting vessels. 
 
 Pierce, R. V., engineer, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, In 
 18^7, and coninienced his marine service <ni the Mississippi 
 River. He came to Puget Sound in 1H84 and joined the lug 
 Susie as engineer. He remained on the Sound for a while, 
 serving on liie steamers Evangel, .Messenger, S':agit tVi/c/and 
 others, and then went to .San Francisco, where he has been 
 engaged on a number of tugs and small steamers. 
 
 Pillow, P., engineer, Taconia, Wash. 
 
 Pinkerton, Fred, 'jiaater and pilot, Snohomish, Wash., was 
 born in Minnesota in i860. He has been steaniboatiiig on 
 Puget Sound for the past eight years, and is at present master 
 and half owner of the steamer .Mamie. 
 
 Plath, F., mate on sailing ves.sels, has been sailing north 
 from San F'rancisco since 1881. 
 
 Poole, John Phillips, mate, .San Francisco, was born in 
 Singapore, India, in i8,s,v He came to the Pacific Coast in 
 186S on the lYincess Royal, running between Victoria ami 
 London. He has been in the business in every country* in the 
 world except Japan. Mr. Poole was first officer of the Crown of 
 England when she was wrecked in 1894, 
 
 Poulsen, Capl. M., was born ill Norway ill 1.851. He came 
 to the Pacific Coast in 1879 and joined the barkenline John IK 
 .S/ireikels, on which he rose to the position of mate. He was 
 afterward mate and master of the brigs Hazard and Tahiti, and 
 master of the brig Galilee and barkentine denei', He is still 
 sailing the latter vessel. 
 
 Potts, Thomas, engineer. Victoria, H. C, was born in Kiig- 
 laiid in i85i. He coninienced sleamboaling on tin; AV/a While 
 at Victoria ill 1887 and ran as secoml assistant on her for three 
 years, afterward holiling a similar position on the .Mascotte until 
 she burned. 
 
 Powell, Charles, engineer of ferry-boat at Grant's, Or. 
 
 Power B. T., master mariner, Vancouver, H. C, was born 
 in Liverpool, England, ill 1829, and has been engageil in the 
 marine business for over forty years. He was in the deep-water 
 trade until i,S,S8, when he came to British Columbia. 
 
 Powers, John J., Victoria, H. C, steward of steamers 
 Chaiiiier and )'osemite. 
 
 Powys, Kriiest .\., niate, Vancouver, H. C, was born in 
 .Sydney, N. S. W., in 1867. He was engaged on steam coasters 
 in .\iistralia for two years, and then commenced sailing between 
 Sydney and Puget .Sound on the ship Xineveh. He left her al 
 Tacoina after making a few trips and workeil for a short time 
 on the lugs Tacoma and lllakely. He then returned to deep 
 water until 1.S87, when he came to Victoria, where he has since 
 been engaged on the steamers .Mamie, Tepie. .Swan, Vancouver, 
 i'elos, ('afiilano, Afermaid, ('omov a\\i\ Rainlmw. 
 
 Pragdon, John H.. engiiifer, commenced his marine service 
 on Puget Sound on the lug Tyee in 1884. and has since been 
 engaged on a number of tugboats and steamers. He has 
 recently been employed as first assistant on the .Seattle fireboat 
 Snoqiialmie. 
 
 Preira, J., San Francisco, master of steamer fda. 
 
 Prevosl, James C, Victoria, B. C, owner of steam vessels. 
 
 Price, Captain, Edmunds, Wash., owner of steamer 
 I'igilanl. 
 
 Price, Fred R., Portland, Or., agent of the Oregon City 
 Transportation Company. 
 
 Price, George H., engineer, New Westminster, B. C, was 
 born in Alassichusetts in 1861. He was engaged on a nutnber 
 of steamers running out of Boston and came to the Pacific Coast 
 in 1S86. He served for a year on the steamship Mexico and 
 then went to British Columbia, where he joined the steamer 
 /leaver. He served as second assistant on a number of British 
 Columbia steamers and has recently been engaged as chief of 
 the IVinni/red. 
 
 Primrose, J. F., engineer, Port Townsend, Wiish., was born 
 in Port Madison, Wash., in 1865, and commenced steaniboating 
 on Puget Sound in 1882 on the Addie He has since been 
 engaged on the steamers Augusta, Vakima anil Cyrus ll'alker, 
 and al present is connected with the lug Tacoina. 
 
 Primrose, Caj-t W. H., Port Blakely, Wash., was born in 
 Port Mailison, Wash., in 1863. His first work was on the 
 
 
4S6 
 
 Lewis (J Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific 'Jorthwest 
 
 steniiier Ruhy^ where he was engaged as Breiiian. He after- 
 waril served as engineer on a nHnil)er of boats running l)elween 
 Seattle and Port Dlakely, and is at present lUHSler of the 
 steamer Surah l\f. /'fii/oi:. 
 
 Purdy, Capt. John, Vancouver, It. C, was horn in New 
 Drunswick in 183S. He followed the sea on the Atlantic Coast 
 until 1890, when he came to the Pacific. He began steandmat- 
 ing at Vancouver, B. C, and has recently been connected witli 
 the tug Tipic. 
 
 Pybus, Capt. H., R. N. R , was born at the Cape of Good 
 Hope in December, 1850, and commenced his marine career at 
 the age of ten. In 1866 he was midshipman on the ship 
 Gondola and in 1870 second officer on the bark Evangeline, 
 which he navigated from Demerara to Madeira during the ill- 
 ness of the captain and chief oflicer. In 1871 he was third 
 mate on the ship Saval Hrigade, iu the China trade, and two 
 years later second officer on the Royal Mail steamship llariilo, 
 later holding a similar position on the R. M. S. S. Roman and 
 the steamship Pompoo. He was second officer on the steam- 
 ship Europe, which was wrecked on the China coast in 1S82 
 and surrounded by pirates. Mi. Pybns proceeded to I'oo-Choo 
 iu one of the ship's boats and was obliged to keep up a contin- 
 uous fire for two days to keep the pirates off. Iu 1885 he was 
 in command of the steamship Koiv Shing, which obtained a 
 world-wide celebrity in the la'.e China and Japan war. While 
 in charge he successfully navigated her from Takn to Shanghai 
 with a broken rudder and sterupost. When the Canadian 
 Pacific Railway sent the Empress of China to the Northwest, 
 Captain Pybus came with her, and while in command, during 
 a heavy gale off the coast of China, rescued twenty-seven 
 Chinamen, the crew of a sinking junk. He is still in the ser- 
 vice of the Canadian Pacific Railway and has recently been 
 engaged as chief officer of the steamship Empress of India. 
 
 Pyle, Capt. Thon?as, was born in Kngland in 1853. He 
 came to the Pacific Coast in 1S72, has been sailing norll' from 
 San Francisco sMice, and for the past few years has I een in 
 command of the bark Videlle. 
 
 Quast, W., steward, was born in Hamburg, Germany, and 
 before coming to the Pacific Coast followed his calling on 
 Atlantic sailing vesse s for five year.^. In 1862 he A'as on the 
 well known steamship lirolher Jonathan, and afterward on the 
 Pacific and Senator. He has also run on the steaitiships Santa 
 Cruz, Dakota, Mexico and George 11'. Elder, and has been 
 iu the employ of the Pacific Coast Steamship Company for 
 tweuty-two years. At present he is steward on the steamsliip 
 t >'/)' 0/ Topeka. 
 
 Quigley, Thomas J., engineer, was born in San p'rancisco 
 in 1852, and began his marine c< -^er on the steau.ers running 
 between San Prancisco and China. He afterward ran nortli 
 on the old steamer Pelican for a couple of years, and was th -n 
 on the Pauatna route for a few years. He then went to the 
 Slate of ( alifornia, running north, and h:-s also served on the 
 tug Donald and steamships George H '. Elder and Idaho, 
 
 yuinn, james H., engineer, was born in San Francisco in 
 1S5S. He commenced the marine business in 1882 on the 
 steamship Columbia, and is at present chief engineer of the 
 steam whaler Pcelena. 
 
 (Juinn, Thomas, mate, was born in Liverpool in 1851 and 
 came lo the Pacific Coast in 1871. He was mate on the bark 
 liueiia I'iila, running north from San Francisco, and sailed 
 in the employ of the Port Hlakely Mill Company for several 
 years. Since 1878 he has been engaged in fishing at Astoria, 
 making occasi.iiial trips to sea. 
 
 Race, Capt. H. M., was born at sea in the Pacific Ocean in 
 1858. He commenced steamboating on Puget Sound on the 
 J,.:nes Mor.'ie, and was afterward on the steamers d'ti'rgie and 
 i'yrus Walker. In 1884 he purchased the sleainer Idna, with 
 which he has since been running in various parts of vhe Sound, 
 making his headquarters at Whatcom. 
 
 Randall. Capt. Clement, San Francisco, is a sou of Capt. 
 Samuel Randall, with whom he commenced tugboatiiig on the 
 /r/2rtr(/ fifteen years ago. He has since been master of the 
 tugs Water Witch, .Isloria, Wizard, Monarch and yigilanl, 
 being at present connected with the latter. 
 
 Randall, Thomas P., Oregon City, Or., purser of steauier 
 A\imona, has also run 011 steamer I.aiona. 
 
 Randenier, V. J., mate on sailing vessels, has been running 
 coastwise since 1855. 
 
 Rasmussen, Capt. J., was born in neninark in 1845. He 
 .sailed out of German and F.uglish ports nnli! 1870, when he 
 came lo San Fraiic'sco, On arrival he made a trip to China 
 and then entered the coasting trade, niuniiig first as mate and 
 then securing command of the schooner Three .Sisters. At 
 present he is master of the schooner yega. 
 
 Rasmussen, Capt N. J., Gardiner, Or, was born in Den- 
 mark in 1S58. He iias .servcil as master of the schooners 
 Golden Gale, f. II. /,(VvA and Louise, having had charge of the 
 latter vessel for the past three vears. 
 
 Rasmussen, Peter, mate on sailing vessels, Sail Francisco. 
 
 Rasmussen, Cant. R. P., San Francisco, was born in Den- 
 mark in i860. He has been sailing north from San P'raucisco 
 for fifteen years, and recently has commanded the schooner 
 laura Madison. 
 
 Rcay, Robert, mate, Duwamish, Wash., was born in Eng- 
 land in 1845. He sailed in the deep water trade until 1886, 
 when he came to Puget Sound and has been engaged most of 
 the time since on the steamer Skagit. 
 
 Redmond, Joseph H. , master and pilot, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Reed, Capt. A. W. , Gardiner, Or., was born in Maine in 
 1S46. He was interested in a number of sailing vessels on the 
 Atlantic Coast, and since coming to Coos Hay has been 
 interested in a number of steamers, among them being the 
 Swan, Arago aud A'estless. 
 
 Reed, Capt. Alfred, Empire City, Or., was born in Maine 
 in 1S63 and has been engaged iu the marine business for fifteen 
 years. He was for several months on the steamships Wil- 
 mington and Ilactian Republic, and on the Sound has had 
 charge of the steamers Wasp and .Mikado. I'or the past year 
 he has been master of the steamer Arago. 
 
 Heed, Capt. O., Coos Hay, Or., has been interested in the 
 steamers Ceres, Antelope, little Annie, and the schooner 
 Jennie Thelin, sailing the latter for three yeais. At present 
 Captain Reed is not following the water. 
 
 Reed, Olof, steamboat builder, Coniiille, Or., was born in 
 Norway in 1827. He has been interested in the marine business 
 on Coos Bay since 1878. .Among the ves.sels with which he is 
 connected are the steamers Antelope, Little Annie, Ceres and 
 several others. 
 
 Reed, Roger, engineer, Hallard, Wash., was born in Canada 
 iu 1871. 
 
 Rehfield, William, .Astoria, Or., master and owner of 
 steamer E. L. Dwyer. 
 
 Reid, James, steward, was born at Fort Simpson in 1853. 
 He was first engaged on the old Enterprise in 1S6S, aud since 
 that time has been em))loycd on the George E. Starr, .\'orll. 
 Pacific, Maude, Wilson G. Hunt and Sardony.v. He is at 
 present on the Danubi-. 
 
 Reid, John, .Astoria, Or., mate on sailing vessels, was born 
 in Ireland in 1862. He commenced sail iig north from San 
 Francisco on the ship Yoscmite in 1.SS3. He has ser' ed on a 
 number of other well known coasting vessels a"d -as steam- 
 boating for about two years on the Lutline and Undine on 
 the Columbia River. At present he is engaged ill boating at 
 .Astoria. 
 
 Reiner, Charles, mate, San Francisco. 
 
 Remmers, G. T., nia.ster of sailing vessels, was born in 
 Germany in 1854. He came to the Pacific Ctjast in 1S7S as mate 
 on the schooner .Sid/Zc /•'. Caller, aud has since run as mate and 
 master of a do/en differeiit coasters. At present he is master 
 of the schooner .Melanc'hon. 
 
 Rennie, R., mate, A'lctoria, H. C. 
 
 Renlz, Capl. John, .Astoria, Or., was born iu Missouri in 
 1852. He began boating on the Coluinbia in IN74, running the 
 scow schooners EInorah and .-Imclia. In 1.SS3 lie received 
 master's papers and since then has coinnianilecj the steamers 
 Enterprise, .Montesnn,,, Lillian, Eclipse, ami many others of 
 the " mosquito fieet " out of .Astoria. 
 
 Rich, Capt. Chester, .Astoria, Or., was born iu A'ermout in 
 1S56. He commenced stcaniboaliug on the Columbia River in 
 1882. and for the ]>ast six vears has had charge of the steamer 
 ( '. W. Rich, of which he is owner, running her to the Lewis 
 and Clarke River. 
 
 Richardson, I'rank JI.. Vancouver, li. C, second assistant 
 engineer of steamship I icioria. 
 
 Richardson, Capt. P. A., Seattle, Wash., was born iu 
 Massachusetts in 1H4S. lie commenced his marine work on 
 Puget Sound in i.SHS on the steamer /.'''c. 
 
 Riddle, Capt. R. W.. was born in New Hampshire in 1S41) 
 and has been sleamboaling on Lake Washiuglon since 1889. 
 
 Ringrus. W., master of schooner Rub), has been coasting 
 out of San l*raiicisco for twelve years. 
 
 Ritchie, James K., master and pilot. New Westniinslcr, 
 H. C. 
 
 Ritter, Robert, Victoria, H. C, mate 011 steamer Dispatch, 
 has also served on coasting vessels. 
 
 Robbins, George K., Hoodsport, Wash., retired master. 
 
 Roberts, Ca])t. T. W., Victoria, H. C, was bom in Nova 
 Scotia in 1854 and has been engageil ill the mariie business for 
 twenty-two years, mostly iu the dee])-water trade and 011 sealing 
 vessels. On nmiiug to ilritish Columbia in 18K8, bis first work 
 was on the ( arilmo and Ely. I'or the past few years he ha: 
 had command of the stcniner .Uaude. 
 
 Robertson, Daniel, stcw.ird. Sail Francisco. 
 
Marine Men Engaged in the Waters of the Northwest 
 
 487 
 
 secoiiil assistant 
 
 Robertson, Harry K., mate, was born in Illinois in 1859. 
 He has been sleaniboating on tlie Columbia River since 18S4 
 and i '■ at present on the />ii//as City. 
 
 Robertson, John, Vancouver, B. C, eiij;iiieer, was horn in 
 I'ictou, Nova Sootia, in 1H59 He couinienceil his marine 
 career a,. Victoria in iSSi on the tuj- i-tlexaiidi'r and is at 
 present first assistant on the tu^; Tcpic. 
 
 Robertson, Capt. Robert, Seattle, Wash., was born in Scot- 
 land in i8j5 and came to California in 1849 as a seaman on the 
 ship I'oilon. He sailed in the Sandwich Islands and Australian 
 trade for several years, and in 1S57 went to the (ireat Lakes, 
 sailing out of Chicago, where he remained in charge of vessels 
 until 1889, when he came to Seattle. 
 
 Robertson, Capt. W. H., was born at Tioga, 111., in 1850. 
 He began steaniboalingon the Willamette River in 1S74. Most 
 of the time since then he has spent on the Stark Street Firry, 
 running there as master for fifteen years. He retired from the 
 water a few years ago and is now living in Kast Portland, Or. 
 
 Robinson, Capt. Kdward N.. Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 New York and saile<l out of .Atlantic ports in the deep-water 
 trade for nearly twenty years. He came to I'uget Sound in 
 1889 and has since been connicteil with the steamer W. R. 
 A'oNhsoh. 
 
 Robinson, John J., shipbuilder, was bora in 18^9. He 
 arrived in Seattle in 1S68 and has followed boat and ship 
 building almost constantly since, having been employed on 
 nearly all of the boat;" owned by Starr Brothers. .At Victoria, 
 where he is now livirg he has been at work in Laing's ship- 
 yard for ten years. 
 
 Robison, Capt. K. N., Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Robison, I'rank, male on sailing vessels, has been running 
 north out of Sin Kraucisco since 1885. He was also nirster of 
 a small sternwheeler on Copper River, .Maska, and is at present 
 connecteil with the ship Oaiitfiitat. 
 
 Rod, Olof, ni.ite and master of sailing ves.sels, Seattle, 
 Wash. 
 
 Rodgers, F. I')., engineer, Seattle, Wash., has eng.igeil on 
 lake steamers since arriving there three years ago. 
 
 Rogers, .-\nson, Marshfield, Or., master of the steamer 
 lliititier Hoy, running on Coos River. 
 
 Rogers, H. H., mate, Marshfield, Or., is running on Coos 
 River. 
 
 Rogers, Hiram, mate, San Vrancisco, was born in Ilngland 
 in 1831. He came to the Pacific Coast in the early fifties and 
 ran for a long time on the brigs Fniuiisio, A/ars/iall, schooners 
 t\ii:;t', Siernt tVri'tuta, and oilier i)io:ieer vessels. He was on 
 the ship ( \itihheafi at the time of the I'raser River excitement, 
 but soon afterward returned lo Kngland. He came to San 
 Francisco again in 1875, and is still sailing out of the Bay City. 
 
 Rogers, Capt. James W., was born in Californir. in 1866 and 
 has been sleainboatiug on I'uget Sound and British Columbia 
 waters for the past ffteen years. He was first connected with 
 the steamer ^-/i/(7 at New Westminster and is at present with 
 the steamer /hinsiiiiitr. 
 
 Rogers, Lincoln, New Westminster, B. C. purser of City 
 of Nanaiimi, was born in Victoria in 1864. He has been 
 engaged in sleamboating since 1S80. 
 
 Rogers, O. H. I'., purser. New Westmiuslcr, \\. C. 
 
 Rogers. S. C, master and engineer, ^iaishtielil, Or., is at 
 present connected with the steamer /)'«/,/;</• lliiy. 
 
 Rogers, William, engineer, was born in San I"raucisco in 
 i86,s. He began sleamboating at Burrard's Inlet in 1S79, and 
 was afterward tii the Ada and other well known British 
 Columbia steamers. He has recently been engaged on the 
 steamer City of Naiiaiino. 
 
 Roich, N. C, San p'rancisco, master of schooner Fortiiiin. 
 
 Rolandsou, James, engineer, Marsbfield, Or., was born in 
 'lenmark in 1854. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1874011 the 
 ship Warrior Qnt'f II, vi\\W\\ was wrecked near Point Reyes 
 He joined the lug Frarless in 1,882, and has since been engaged 
 on the tugs Coliiiiiliia and Hunter, steamers Comet and Yaiio, 
 and was half owner of the latter. 
 
 Rooke, Thomas, engineer, Marshfield, Or., commenced 
 his marine service on Coos Bay in 18S8 on the lug Katie Coot, 
 and is at present engineer on the sleani'.-r lllanco. 
 
 Rose, Perry S., engineer, Sydney, Wash., was born in 
 Iowa ill 1870 and has been eugagcil on Puget Sound since 1879. 
 For the past few years he has been tugineer on the steam 
 launch A'ifisie. 
 
 Rosenilall. Capt. W., was born in I'inlaiKt 'ii i86i>. He 
 commenced sailing on the Pacific Coasl in 1882011 the schooner 
 Felifse, and is at present in command of the schooner .Ifaria F. 
 Smilli, on which he has been engaged as male and master for 
 the past nine years. 
 
 Ross, R. B., engineer, Port Townseud, Wash. 
 
 Ross, William E., steward of whaleback City of Fverett, 
 came to the Pacific Coast is steward of the Empress 0/ Japan. 
 He also served for three years on the "^camship Parlliia. 
 
 Rowe, George N., engi.ieer. Seaside, Or. 
 
 Roy, O. T. , Vancouver, B. iV, seventh assistant engineer 
 of steamship Fmpress of India. 
 
 Royds, Clement, retired master, Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 Ruger, Capt. Enimett V., Fremont, Wash , was born in 
 Wisconsin in 1864. He commenced steainboating in British 
 Columbia in 188.5 on t'"-' llitliam Irving. He was engaged 
 with the Caiiailian Pacific Navigation Company on various 
 steamers for several years. At present he is not following the 
 water. 
 
 Russell, .\rthur, Victoria, B. C, steward of steamer 
 /slander. 
 
 Rus ell, Thomas, engineer, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Russif, A., Victoria, B. C, has run as mate on sailing ves- 
 sels coastwise since 1S85. 
 
 Ruttcr, John H , boalbuilder, .Astoria, Or., was born in 
 I'jigland in 1S40 He has been engaged in boatbuilding at 
 Astoria for nearly twenty years. .Vmoug the vessels con- 
 structed by him are the steamers Rip Van Wiiikle, A'atata, 
 F.. L. Divyer, Wattnski, schooners Astoria, Hustler, pilot 
 schooner Governor Afoody, sealing schooners Hessie A'ttZ/ccand 
 Fisher Maid. 
 
 Ryan, Alfred, engineer, Seattle, Wash., has been engaged 
 on the Sound since 1888. 
 
 Ryan, J. I)., San Francisco, first ofiicer of steamship Wel- 
 lington, vias horn in Cape Breton in 1859. He commenced 
 sailing on the Pacific Coast on the steamer Umatitia in 1889. 
 
 Ryder, Robert, engineer, Vancouver, B. C, commenced 
 his marine ser-ice on Lake Huron in 1883. He came to the 
 Pacific Coast in 1890 and joined the tug I'elos. He was after- 
 ward on the Zona, Mermaid, .Mamie aniX others. 
 
 Safiey, William, engineer, Florence, Or., has been run- 
 ning on Cc ,s Hay in \arious capacities since 1872, most of the 
 time as fireman and engineer. 
 
 Sain, W. T., engineer. Port Hadlock, Wash., was born in 
 Ohio in 1S67. Hs commenced his marine work on the A'ieliard 
 Holyoke in 18S9 as fireman. 
 
 Sale, Charles, engineer, South Bend, Wash., was born at 
 .sea in thj .South Pacific Ocean in 1858. He began tugboat- 
 ing on the Columbia River bar in 1S75 on the Astoria, 
 Coluiiihia and lirenliam, remaining there for about si.x years. 
 He then ran on the steamer .South Hen.l or. Slioalwater Bay 
 four years, leaving her for the tug Hunter, where he ran two 
 years and afterward the steani;:r . Harm for the same length of 
 time. 
 
 .Salte, .\. i;.. Astoria, Or., master of steamer O. A'., has been 
 on the Pacific Coast since 1880. He has h.'iil his present com- 
 mand for the past four yjais. 
 
 .Saltonslall, J. W., was born in Ohio in 1849. He came to 
 the Pac'lic Coasl in 1875, and, having previously run in the 
 Pacific Mail Hue from New York to .\spiuwall, he enlere<l their 
 employ at San Franci.sco, running )"'rst to Panama and afler- 
 wanl to Cliiuii and .Australia. He has recently been engageil 
 on the steamship Kiiipire as second assistant engineer. 
 
 S.".maritU Robert, male on sailing vessels, was born in 
 Germany in 1^58, and began in the coasting tr.ade on the 
 Pacific ill S72. He has also served as master of several differ- 
 ent steamers, and has recently been engaged as male on the 
 schooner Twilight. 
 
 Sampson, Charles, steward of steamship Warrimoo, 
 
 Sanders, Charles, mate ami master, Astoria, Or. 
 
 .Sanders, Capt. F. H., began sailing out of San I"ra ici.-ico 
 coastwise in 1869 and is at present master of the schooner 
 Ahalde. 
 
 Sanders, S.. engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Saunders, Frank P., Vancouver, B. C, mate of steamer 
 Ciilih. 
 
 .Saxe, C. G.. master of sailing vessels, was born in Russia 
 in 1846 He came to the Pacific Coast in 1S69 and joined the 
 ship Flizabeth Kimball, on which he served Jis sailor and 
 second male with Captain Keller until the vessel was lost in 
 1873. He has since lieen engaged as ni.ite and master on a 
 score of well known coasters, and for the past year has been on 
 the schooner Piti itan. 
 
 .Scandrell, .A. J , .San I'raucisco. first assistant engineer of 
 steamshi]) .Suite of California, has also served on the San I\ihto 
 and /.('■• . l/i);eles. 
 
 Schiller, C, Vancouver, B. C , secoi'il steward on steam- 
 ship Fmpiess of China. 
 
 Schilling, J. F , engineer, Finpire Cily, Or., was born in 
 Ohio in 1863. He comineiued his v irine service on Coot. 
 Bav i : 188S on the steamer Hiitther Hoy, ami afterward ran on 
 
9^Bm 
 
 488 
 
 Lewis <? Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 the Express, Montesano, Yarro, and a number of other bay 
 steamers, 
 
 Schmidt, John, master mariner, has been sailing north 
 from San Franci3co since 1879, most of the time in the coal 
 trade. 
 
 Schrader, Capt. Paul, was born in Germany in 1850 and 
 commenced going to sea in 1866. His first marine work in tlie 
 Northwest was on the Augusta. He has since handled her and 
 the /K H. Hamson on different coast routes. 
 
 Schroder, F., mate on sailing vessels, San Francisco. 
 
 Schult;., Charles, mate on sailing vessels. 
 
 Scott, A., mate and second mate on coasting vessels. 
 
 Scott, Alexander, keeper of the life-saving station at Ban- 
 don, Or., was born in Indiana in 1H48. He came to Port 
 Orford in 18S9 and was engaged in sealing and fishing there for 
 a number of years before being appointed to his present 
 position. 
 
 Scott, James, Astoria, Or., engineer of Colutnhia River 
 Lightship No. jo. 
 
 Scott, John W., engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Scott, J. W., engineer, Portland, Or. 
 
 Scott, O. VV., engineer, was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 
 i860. He commenced his marine service in New York City in 
 1877, running on the principal steamship lines out of that 
 metropolis. He came to the Pacific Coast as first a.ssistant on 
 the steamship Sin Benito and has since remained willi her 
 
 Seal, C. '' , Vancouver, B. C, second officer of steamship 
 Empress of Japan. 
 
 Sears, Albert A., mate and master, Victoria, B. C, wa . born 
 in New Brunswick in 1864 and came to Vancouver, B. C, in 
 1891. He was first engaged on the Comox as mate, in 1893 was 
 master of the Coquitlam, and has recently been running as first 
 officer on the steamer K. I\ Rilhef. 
 
 Settem, H. U., mate, Knappton, Wash., was born in Nor- 
 way in 1869 and has been engaged on several small steamers at 
 the mouth of the Columbia River. 
 
 Severy, D. E., engineer, Florence, Or., was born in Illinois 
 in 1868 and commenced steamboating on the Siuslaw River in 
 18S9. 
 
 Sewall, Arthur N., master of American ship lieiij. .Seirall. 
 
 Shade, Reuben, engineer, Tacoma. Wash., was born in 
 Ohio in 1839 and commenced steamboating on the Ohio River 
 o'l the Telegraph No. j. He was afterward engaged on the 
 Missouri and Mississippi rivers, running between St, I.ouis and 
 Fort Benton. He came to Puget Sound in 18.S8, his first work 
 being as second assista:it on the Ciorge E. Starr. He went 
 from her to the Quickstep and other steamers, where he worked 
 four years, and then entered the employ of the Electric Light 
 Works at Tacoma. 
 
 Shagrin, Capt. Charles, Nahcotta, Wash., was born in 
 Sweden in 1852. Hi" began sailing sloops on Shoalwater Bay 
 in 1877. 
 
 Shaver, Lincoln, mate and pilot, PorUand, Or. 
 
 Shaw, Andrew, Victoria, B. C, was born in York,shirc, 
 England, in 1819, and is supposed to be the only person now 
 livi',; who came out on the I'rincess Royal when she was 
 '-, ought to the Pacific Coast. On his arrival at Victoria he 
 went to work on the Hudson's Bay Company's steamer /iiazer. 
 Captain Dodd. From her he was transferred to the ( ^ter, and 
 during his long career has served on all of that company's 
 ves.selswith Captains Spring, Mouatt, McKay, Jones and others. 
 Al different times he was also connected with various oilier 
 steam and sailing craft in the Northwest, among them being 
 the schooners A'ate, Sail /^iego, Mary Ami, Mink, Morning 
 Star, steamers Emily Harris, Eliza Anderson, and others. 
 
 Shaw, H, G., Tacoma, Wash., second officer ol s eamship 
 Tacoma. 
 
 Shearer, George W., master and pilot, Renton, Wash. 
 
 Shearer, James, engineer, Renton, Wash. 
 
 Sheel, C, mate on sailing vessels, was born in Germany in 
 1858. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1881 and for some years 
 has been running in the Sandwich Islands trade on the 
 schooners Robert Lewers, Alice Cook and Aloha, having been 
 connected with the latter for the past two years. 
 
 Sheldrop, J., mate on coasting vessels. 
 
 Sbellgren, E., purser and steamboat owner, Long Branch, 
 Wash. 
 
 Shephard, E. C, engineer, Victoria, B. C, was born in 
 Montreal, Canada, in 1850, and has been engaged in British 
 Columbia waters since 1887. 
 
 Shephard, F. F., engineer, San Francisco, was born in New 
 York in 185S. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1878 and 
 entered the marine service, first as oiler on the steamship Sania 
 Cruz. He was also on the .Slate 0/ California, Mariposa and 
 Santa Rosa as oiler and water-tender, and was then with the 
 
 City of Chesler as second assistant for a year. He was after- 
 ard first assistant on the steamships Ferndale,Mary D. Hume 
 and Gyp^y, running on the latter vessel four years, and leaving 
 her in (October, 1893, for the Honita, where l.e has since 
 remaine<l. 
 
 Shibles, Capt. Peter, Port Hadlock, Wash., was born in 
 Maine in 1859. He commenced steamboating on the Louise on 
 Puget Sound in 18S4. He was afterward mate on the steamers 
 Josephine and Richard Holyokc, master of the SI. Patrick for 
 two years, and of the Louise for the past five years. 
 
 Shirley, James, engineer, was born in Ireland in 1853 and 
 commenced liis marine service with the White Star line. He 
 came to the Pacific Coast in 1882 on the steamship Arabic and 
 has since been engaged on a number of well known steamships 
 as second, third and first assistant. He has recently been 
 engaged as first assistant on the steamer Cleone. 
 
 Short, Miles, assistant engineer of steamship Santa Cruz. 
 
 Short, Thomas, engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Shroll, J. T., Tacoma, Wash., master of steamer Mela. 
 
 Shubert, H. C, steward on coasting steamships, was for 
 eight years in the United States Navy. He is at present on the 
 steamship Humboldt. 
 
 Siggius, James, engine r, Portland, Or., was born in Ire- 
 land in 1849. He began on the Columbia River steamer Di.vie 
 Thompson in 1879. He was afterward engaged on Sound 
 steamers and ran on the Monticello with Captain Hatch. 
 
 Sighorst, Capt. A., was born in Germany in 1843. After 
 coming to this country he ran on Atlantic sailin;^ vessels for a 
 time, and began steamboating in the Northwest \\\ 1S63 on the 
 schooner Union Eorever, running out of San Francisco. Dur- 
 ing his thirty-tw(; years on the Pacific Coast, he has been on the- 
 schooners Mary Ellen, Theresa, Mary Jiuhne, Esther lluhne 
 and Ottiija Fjord. He has held master's papers for twenty-one 
 years. 
 
 Sikmund, Frank, engineer, Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 Norway in 1857. He commenced steamboating on the Rip Van 
 Winkle at Seattle in 1885 and has since served on the Mabel 
 and numerous oiher Sound steamers. 
 
 Silovich, John, San Francisco, master of tug Reliance, has 
 been in the tugboat service on San Francisco bar eleven years. 
 
 Simpson, William, engineer. South Bend, Wash., was born 
 in Buffalo, N. V., in 1841. He has been eng.iged in the North- 
 west since 1SS7, most of the time on Shoalwater Bay. 
 
 Slater, G. W., engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Slater. John, master of sailing vessels, has been running out 
 of >San l'"rancisco since 1873. lie first ran as mate on the Two 
 lUothcrs and Majestic, and then took command of the Oriental, 
 which he sailed for five years. He tluii had charge of the 
 .lureola four years, leaving her for the Wilna, which he has 
 connuauded fur the past six years, running in the Nanaimo coal 
 trade. 
 
 Sloan, E. G., was born in Pennsylvania in 1837 and was 
 engaged for twenty years as purser on Mississippi River boats. 
 In 1SS2 he entered the employ of the Kelloggs of Portland, Or., 
 running as purser on their steamers /t;.V(/A Kellogg and North- 
 west, and also acting as agent for them. 
 
 Smart, John W., engineer, was born in New Brun.swick in 
 1,844. lie commenced his marine work on the steamer Eliza 
 .InJerson in 1SS4, running with her and the steamer Wash- 
 ington until 1888, when he accepted a position with the I'nion 
 Electric Company of Seattle, with whom he has si^ remained. 
 
 Smith, A. J., retired purser, Portland, Or., was i iigaged on 
 the Calliope and a number of Willamette River steamers in the 
 early part of the eighties. 
 
 Smith, Axel, engineer, was born in Norway in 1846. He 
 joined the marine service in Sweden, leaving there in 1867 to 
 come to the Pacific Coast. On his arrival at San Francisco he 
 began running as first assistant engineer on the tug Gcliah, 
 and was afterward oiler and first assistant 011 the steamships 
 A'e7t' World atid Yosemiteon Puget Sounil for three year li » 
 tlien went as chief on the tug .Mary Ann on Humboi' tmr, 
 remaining there seventeen yep-". He then placed the , •'" 
 in the steaniet National City and has been running as chiei o., 
 hei since. 
 
 Smith, Charles, mate. Port Blakely, Wash., began his 
 marine career in the Northwest in 1865. He is at present con- 
 nected with the ship Kate Davenport. 
 
 Smith, Capt. Charles, Port Townsend, Wash., was born in 
 Germany in 1838. He began .sailing north from San Jrancisco 
 in 1880 and was engaged on sailing vessels for several years, 
 among them being the ships Elizaheth Kimball, Dai.d 
 Hoadl yanii bark Revere. Recently he has !ieer r.' vi ling the 
 steam lauu' n l^illa at Port Toviiseu'l -un'rag as i.a'itcr and 
 engineer. 
 
 Smith, Capt. Charles D., was lorn in Pot V i" lend, 
 Wash., in 1858, and is a son of the pioneer Capt. Henry Smith, 
 
iJPI 
 
 Marine Men Engaged in the Waters of the Northwest 
 
 489 
 
 [e was after- 
 
 iry D. Hume 
 
 and leaving 
 
 e has since 
 
 was born in 
 he Louise ow 
 tlie steamers 
 (. Patrick for 
 s. 
 
 I in 1853 and 
 tar line. He 
 p Arabic and 
 n\ steamships 
 ■ecently been 
 
 Santa Cruz. 
 
 uer Mela. 
 ships, was for 
 present on the 
 
 s born in Ire- 
 steamer Di.rie 
 ed on .Sound 
 
 Hatch, 
 in 1S43. .^fter 
 g vessels for a 
 
 in 1S63 on the 
 rancisco. Dm 
 lias been on tin-- 
 
 Esther ISuhiie 
 
 for twenty-one 
 
 1., was born in 
 on the h'ip I 'an 
 I on the JIfabel 
 
 g Kcliance, has 
 ar eleven years. 
 Wash., was born 
 m1 in the North- 
 r Hay. 
 
 leen runninn out 
 ate on the Tzco 
 of the Oriental. 
 charge of the 
 ', which he has 
 le Nanaimo coal 
 
 In 1837 and was 
 ppi River boats, 
 of Portland, Or., 
 7i)i,',i,' and Nortli- 
 
 p.>v Brunswick in 
 le steamer Eliza 
 e steamer IVas/i- 
 
 I with the Inion 
 iLinained. 
 
 , was I ngaged on 
 r steamers in the 
 
 av iu 1846. He 
 
 there in 1867 to 
 
 Sun rrancisco he 
 
 the tug Goliali. 
 
 II the steamships 
 three year li" 
 
 n Humbd' \w:, 
 laced the , ■"" 
 nning as chiei o.. 
 
 /ash., began his 
 is at preM-nt con- 
 
 ash., was born in 
 om San Trancisco 
 for several years, 
 Kimball, Dai.d 
 leer n'vi. ting the 
 iig Bs 1; a'ltcr anil 
 
 Pr,:i '; )'J iend, 
 ipt. Henry Smith, 
 
 with whom he commenced steamboating on the Elta White. 
 He was master of the tug Estelle for nearly three years leaving 
 her three days before she was wrecked. He also ran for a 
 short time as pilot on the Islander, and for the past year has 
 had command of the Elta ll'/iile. 
 
 Smith, Charles T., engineer, Asto:ia, Or. 
 
 Smith, E. A., .steward, Nelson, B. C. 
 
 Smith, Capt. R. \V., was born in Wisconsin in 1855. He 
 began steamboating on the Comet on Puget Sound in 1877 and 
 has recently been master of the steamer 11^. F. Muntoe. 
 
 Smith, I'orbes A., engineer. Portland, Or, was born in 
 Oregon City in 1872. His work has been mostly in connection 
 with steamers in the Oregon Railv __. & Navigation Company's 
 boneyard at Portland. 
 
 Smith, Frederick K., engineer, was born in Oregon City in 
 1864. He conimenced steamboating as fireman on the Idaho 
 in 1880, and has been in the employ of the Oregon Railway S: 
 Navigation Company almost continuously since, running most 
 of the time on the Columbia River, although he was engaged 
 for a while on Puget Sound. l>'or the past few years he has 
 been chief engineer of the steamer Ocklahama. 
 
 Smith, Capt. H. B., was born in Maine in 1855. He has 
 been sailing out of Northwestern ports since i88i, nearly all of 
 the time as master. He was for seven years in charge of the 
 schooner Una, leaving her in 1890 to take the Gardiner City, 
 from which he was transferred to the Zampa. He next was in 
 charge of the schooner Sadie, where he has since remained and 
 with which he has made some splendid runs. 
 
 Smith, Henry S. , engineer, I, a Center, Wash. 
 
 Smith, Hiram, steward, San I'rancisco. 
 
 Smith, James, Vancouver, B. C, sixth assistant engineer of 
 steamship I'tnfiress of Cnin 1. 
 
 Smith, James, Gardine., Or,, mate on Co'^s Bay steamers. 
 
 Smith, James, engi'icer, was born in Scocland in 1S54. He 
 came to the Pacific Coast about 1880 and ran for a short time 
 on the steamer (". .1A lielshaw on ,San I'rancisco Hay. He 
 then went to the Columbia River, where he was engaged for 
 three years on the steamer A. II. Field. He was next on the 
 Tillamook steamer .Minnie Afitler for two years, leaving her to 
 run in the coasting tr.ule on the steamer Dolphin. About 1S90 
 he was appointed engineer of the tug/. M. Coleman on Gray's 
 Harbor and Shoalwater Bay, where lie has since remained. 
 
 Smith, James J., engineer, Port Townsend, Wash., was 
 born in California in 1S64. His first marine work in the 
 Northwest was on the steamer Estelle. He is at present en- 
 gaged on the steamer Alert. 
 
 Smith, Joseph H., engineer of ocean steamships, was bom 
 in Liverpool, luiglaiid, in 18(3, and scrve<l for a long time in 
 the Spanish Navy. He ran for several years in the Nanaimo 
 coal trade as chief engineer of the steamship Empire. 
 
 Smith, I,. C, mate, Olynipia, Wash., began steamboating 
 oil He v.'nlunibia River in iS,S4. 
 
 S"iil\i, L. I)., engineer, Pairhaven, \Vash., was born in 
 ^ i>-i\\.. Cal., and has been steamboating on Z'uget Sound since 
 
 ^•'ii'f , Peter E., San Krancisco, engineer of steamer Green- 
 ■ -u -cimenced his marine service on the Willamette River 
 ii; t■i^^ 
 
 ^■' it' 'inmas, engineer, was born in I/igland in 1.S65 and 
 iias 1 ' .r. oi.iurted witli the marine business for sixteen years. 
 He coi ■■..iti" 1 in the Norlliv.esl in 1885011 the ll'alla U'alla. 
 and has i ciiitly been engaged as third assislaiil on the steam- 
 ship Queen. 
 
 Smith, Tlioma-i, master mariner, San I'rancisco. 
 
 Smith, Capt. Thomas G., Stanwood, Wash., was born in 
 Maine in 185^ and commenced steamboating on Pngel Sound 
 on the Su.'iie in ■885. 
 
 Smith, W. J., Taconia, Wash., third officer of steanis'iip 
 Taconia. 
 
 Smith, William A., engineer, was born at Olynipia a'ash., 
 in 1863. He began his marine work on the schooner Ernest 
 and was aflerward on the steamers Ruby, Joe Adams, Rip \'an 
 Winkle, Fanny Lake, lilakely, Evan^'l and others. 
 
 Smith, William G., mate, Hoodsport, Wash., was born in 
 P.verly, Mass. He began steamboating in 1S69 on Puget 
 • ouiid on the Cyrus Walker, and was afterward mate on the 
 ''not le i.':'\ the y'akima. 
 
 Si.ydei, C. W., engineer, Seattle, Wasa., lias been con- 
 iCLted with the marine business for seventeen years. 
 
 Snyder, Samuel S. , engineer, Sunshine, Wash., was born 
 in Ohio. He began steamboating on the Coquille River on the 
 Little .Innie, remaining with her several years, and then going 
 to Tillamook, where he was employed on the General Gaifield 
 and Rosie Ohen. He next went to Shoalwater Bay, where he 
 was engaged on the Restless. Mr. Snyder has also been 
 employed on Puget Sound steamers. 
 
 Sorenson, E., shipbuilder, Ballard, Wash., has been build- 
 ing steam and sailing vessels in the Northwest for the p-ist 
 twenty years. His best known production on the Willamette 
 was the steamship Vaquina, and, on the Sound, the sleamtr 
 Monticello. 
 
 Sorenson, Capt. P. C, Cceur d'Alene, Idaho, was born in 
 Norway in 1833, and has been engaged in building and operating 
 .steam and sailing craft all his life. He built the first steamer 
 on Cceur d'Alene I.ake, and has also constructed a great many 
 small steamers for the interior waters of the Northwest. 
 
 Sparling, Capt. Fred H., Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 Detroit, Mich., in 1S62. His steamboat experience in the 
 Northwest was confined to his foolhardy trip with the old 
 Wide West. He left here shortly afterward, and during the 
 Chilean War was engaged on' the celebrated battleship 
 Nichteroy. 
 
 Spaulding, Capt. George C, Seattle, Wash., has had 
 charge of the llee. Hasp and other small towboats. 
 
 Spencer, Capt. Edward, was born in Norway in 1847. He 
 came to the Pacific Coast about 1872 and entered the employ 
 of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company on the steamer 
 /ionila. He remained with tlie company in different capac- 
 ities for nearly twelve years, and during that time performed 
 considerable work as a submarine diver. In that capacity he 
 has worked on the Ainsworth Bridge on the Columbia River, 
 the Morrison Street Bridge on the Willamette, and the coal 
 bunkers at Taconia. He was one of the owners of the steamer 
 City 0/ .Sellicood, which ran for several years between Portland 
 and that thriving suburb. Captain Spencer moved to Ilwaco, 
 Wash., several yea.s ago and has since held the position of 
 pilot commissioner for three terms. 
 
 vSpieseke, Oswin, engineer, Seattle, Wasih., was born in 
 Berlin in 1S61. He commenced steamboating on Puget Sound 
 in 1S77 on the steamer Phantom, going from her to the Miry 
 Taylor, Fanny and tug Taeoma until 1879, when he entereil 
 the Northern Pacific Railroad shops at Taconia, remaining 
 there until 18S2. He subsequently ran for a .short time as 
 second assistant on the steamers Taeoma and Olynipia, and 
 then went to San Francisco and joined the steamship Australia 
 as water-tender. On returning to the Sound he was chief 
 engineer of the tugs A'alie, Taeoma anil /. .'i'. .Me/hniald. He 
 went around to the Colombia River with the Olympian in i8gi 
 and on his return we' t to the sleamer /'olilko/sAy, where he 
 has since remained. 
 
 Spieseke, William, engineer, was born in Prussia in 1832. 
 He began steainlioating on Puget Sound on the Faz'orile in 
 1873 and has run on the steamers /'han om, .S. /,. .Uasliek, 
 'Taconia, Pulitko/sky and others. 
 
 Spigcr, Henry, engineer, was born in Ohio in 1S48 and has 
 been engaged in the marine business for twenty-nine years. 
 He began on the Ohio River and c line to Puget Sound in 18S3, 
 where his first work was on the steamer Glide. He was 
 siibseciuently on the .Uigiista, Rip I 'an Winkle. Oueen City, 
 ,/. /;'. Hoyden, />es/'ateli, Fanny Lake, City of Ellensliurg aiid 
 Afouiitaineer. 
 
 Spolfoiil, V,. R., engineer, Marshfield, Or., was in the 
 marine business on Lake Superior tiiglioats, and has also 
 followed his calling on the tugs Hunter ■.\ni\ Liherly on Coos 
 Bay. 
 
 Spong, Capt. .\. J., was born in Oregon in 1,858. He com- 
 nieiiceil steamboating on the Orient in 1887 and was afterward 
 mate on the l>eiidenl. X. .S". Henlley and Three Sislei v. Since 
 April, 1891, he has been alternately master of the Latona and 
 Ramona, owned by the Oregon City Transportation Company. 
 
 Sprall, Clias. J. V., steamboat owner, Victoria, H. C, is a 
 son of the late Capt. Joseph Spratl anil was born in \'ictoria 
 in 1873. He i-. also the proprietor of Spratt's wharf 
 
 Springsteen, B. 1'., chief engineer. Napa City, Cal., was 
 boin in Albai.y, N. V., in 1825. He cominenced steamboating 
 on the Hudson River in 1S40, came to the Pacific Coast in 
 1851, and was for a long time in the employ of the California 
 Steam Navigation Company. In 1861 he was running north 
 as third assistant on the llrother Jonathan. Since that time 
 he has been engaged on steamers in California waters. 
 
 Stannard, Edward F., master of steam and sailing vessels, 
 was born in Westport, Conn., in 1842. His last work in the 
 Northwest was on the steamship George W. Elder. 
 
 Stanton, Thomas, shipbuilder. Victoria, B. C. 
 
 Staples, Lorin S., bar pilot, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Starr, Charles, mate of the bark Fairchild, has been coast- 
 ing on the Pacific since 1871 in the coal and lumber trade. 
 
 .Starr, William, mate and master, Astoria, Or. 
 
 .Slaveley, Edward C, purser, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Steele, Capt. John, Victoria, B. C, was born in Rhode 
 Island in 1858, and has been employed on British Columbia 
 steamers since 1887. 
 
490 
 
 Lewis <f Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 steel, Robert, engineer, Victoria, B. C, was born in Glas- 
 gow, Scotland, in 1857. lie coninitnced running out of Vic- 
 toria five years ago and has recently been engaged as second 
 assistant on tlie steamer yo««. 
 
 Stephens, Charles, steamship mate, was boru in Russia in 
 1S51 and began sailing out of Rotterdam, Ilollaml, when a boy. 
 He arrived on the Pacific Coast in 1874, and worked as quarter- 
 master on the steamships Afolwiigo, Co)islilii/ioii, Pacific, and 
 as third oflicer on the steamers .liicoii, C'onslanliiie and I'ic- 
 loric. He has been on the Stale of California for the past 
 thirteen years, three years as second officer, three years as third 
 officer, and seven years as first officer. 
 
 Steve, Augustus, mate on coasting vessels, San Francisco. 
 
 Stevens, Capt. Francis, was born in Vancouver, Wash., in 
 185H and began steaniboathig iu 1878. He has run as mate, 
 master and pilot on the Columbia River and on I'uget Sound 
 steamers, and has recently been connected with the Van- 
 couver Ferry. 
 
 Stevens, Frank, master on sailing vessels, San Francisco. 
 
 Stevenson, Bdward, engineer, Victoria, li. C, was born in 
 Newcastle, Kngland. in 1866. He came to llritisli Columbia in 
 1SS7, serving, first as assistant engineer on the tug I'ilnl for two 
 years and then working in the Albion Iron Works. For the 
 past five years he has been engaged on the steal* 'li-i Costa 
 Rica, on which he is at present first assistant. 
 
 Stewart, A. J., steward, San Francisco. 
 
 Stewart, Charles K , mate, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Stewart, Capt. Charles K., Edmonds, Wash., coninn.^ 
 his marine work on the Sound in 1889 on the tug Holyoke. 
 
 Stickler. G. M , Oregon City, Or., was born in renn.sylvania 
 in 1836. Wbile iu the employ of the People's Transportation 
 Company he assisted iu constructing the Alhiny, /iaylon. Suc- 
 cess, xMcMiiiiiville and Senator. Mr, Stickler has retired from 
 siiipbuildiug. 
 
 Still, Capt. Walter, was born in England in 1853. He 
 entered the marine business iu 1874 at Utsalady on the steamer 
 l.innie. He was afterward on the Gertrude, running to the 
 Stickeeu River and Ala.ska, and also on the tug lilakcly, 
 steamers //ormt and /><• Haro, carrying mail, freight ami 
 passengers out of I'airhaven. 
 
 Stiuson, Benjamin V., Seattle, Wash., engineer of SLcanier 
 Mary l\ 'Icy. 
 
 Slockfleth. Capt. John, was born in Ge-inany in 1847. 
 He came to the Facific Coast in 1867 and joined the .ship AY 
 /^onii/w at ,San I'rancisco. lie was next mate on the schooner 
 /)ashi»g li^ave and afterward secouil mate on the bark .-irc/ii- 
 led. He subseciuently entered the employ of Hobbs, Wall 
 & Co. as master of the schooner f. C'. ll\jtt, continuing there 
 for eight years. Captain Stocklleth then took command of the 
 steadier Crescent City, which he ran for eight years, leaving 
 her i.^ 1890 to go to the steamer />el Norte, where he has since 
 had chirge. 
 
 St'- :ie, Charles, agent of the Columbia River & I'uget 
 Sound Navigation Company, Astoria, t)r. 
 
 Stoneman, Capt. John W., began steamboating on the 
 middle Columbia in 1877, having previously sailed in deep- 
 water ships all over the world He was overseer of the con- 
 struction of the Columbia River Jetty from its inception. 
 
 Strand, C. F., mate and master, San Francisco, was born 
 in Norway iu 1866. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1S83 and 
 has been engaged on a number of well known coasting 
 steamers. 
 
 Strantinan, F., mate and second mate on sailing vessels, 
 San Francisco. 
 
 Stromherg, John, engineer. Port Townsend, Wash., was 
 born in Sweden iu liib$. He came to the Sound in 1SS6, served 
 four years on the revenue cutter Oliver ll'olcnil, and has since 
 been eug.igeil on the tugs Collis, Holyoke, /Jiscoie/y, au<l the 
 steamer .Ingcles. 
 
 Stuart, C, captain of the life savin.; station at Fort Canby, 
 Wash. 
 
 Studdert, Hugh, engineer, Roche Harbor, Wash., was born 
 iu Ireland iu iS6<j. He comnienceil steamboating on Pnget 
 Souuil in 1886 on the /. I!, /.ihliy. He w.is afterward on the 
 steamship H^ilmington until she burned, and then went to the 
 steamer llarry I.yini. 
 
 Stull, John F., engineer, Seattle, Wash , was boru in 
 Toronto, Cauaila, in 1869. he began his marine work on the 
 steamer Politkofskv iu 1888, ami afterward served as engineer 
 on the steamers Volga, (iiide, lirace, A'irklam/ and ( '. C. Calk- 
 ins, leaving the water to take the position of chief engineer at 
 the Madison Street Power-house. 
 
 Stutsman, Henry, engineer, was born iu Iowa in 1859. 
 He began steamboating on the Columbia River in 1877 on ilie 
 /.uckiamute Chief. He was afterward on the City of Salem 
 aud chief engineer of the I^cwis River Transportation Com- 
 
 pany's steamers, leaving the river a few years ago to accept a 
 position as chief engineer of the Burnside Street Bridge at 
 Portland. 
 
 Sudlow, Capt. Thomas M., was born on the .Vtlantic Ocean 
 in 1859 while his parents were en route from Liverpool to New 
 York, His first work was in New York harbor on the steam 
 pilot-boat Hercules, and he was afterward engaged in boating 
 on Yellowstone L,ake. He came to I'uget Sound in 1887 and 
 wh.5 employed on the tug Queen City. Captain Suillow was 
 subsequently on the I.auiel and a number of other well known 
 Sounil steamers. 
 
 Sullivan, J. D., engineer, hns been running on vessels out 
 of San Francisco since 1873, when he began on the steamer 
 Ajar. He has most of the time since been in the employ of 
 the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, aud was one of the crew 
 of the .yfonlana when she burned in the Gulf of California, off 
 Guaymas, Mex. 
 
 Sullivan, John, engineer, was born iu San Francisco in 
 1867. He commenced his marine service on the steamship 
 Humboldt in 1883, leaving a year later for a term of five years 
 in a machine shop He was afterward first assistant on the 
 steamship .Mexico, and for three years was second assistant on 
 \\\e City of Topeka. In 1892 he made a trip north on the 
 steamer/frtMic with supplies for the whaling fleet. 
 
 Sullivan, William, mate on sailing vessels, San Francisco. 
 
 Summers, .\bner H., engineer, was born in Oregon City. 
 Or., in 1S46, anil began his career as fireman on the old 
 steamer (huonrd in 1862, running on the Willamette River. 
 He afterward served on the People's Transportation Com- 
 pany's boats Relief, Enterprise, Reliance, Active, A/daiiy, 
 Fannie Patton, Echo, Alice, Shoo Fly, Success and Davton. 
 Mr. Si'.mniers is now connected with the steamer Harvest .Uoon. 
 
 Sutherland, John, mate, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Sutherland, Capt, John, Sapperton, B. C, was born in the 
 Shetland Islands iu 1867 ami came to the Eraser River in 18S8. 
 He was on the tug /ris for two years, and for the past four 
 years has been master of the tug firunette. 
 
 Svenson, Capt. .A, W., Victoria, B. C, was born in Sweden 
 iu 1859. He has been engaged on the Pacific Coast since 18S0, 
 beginning as <|uarterinaster of the steamship (henada. He 
 was afterward on the Oueen. Santa Rosa aud .Mexico, and was 
 for three years i;iate on the schooner courser. He was then in 
 command of the schooner Ulakely, subsequently taking charge 
 of the old bark Southern Chief. 
 
 Svenson, H.. mate on sailing vessels, was born in Norwav 
 in 1S56. He came to the Pacific Coast on the ^\\\^ Harvester 
 in 1877, anil has been mate on a large numb r of coiisting ves- 
 sels, at present holding that position on the C. li. Kennry. 
 
 Swain. Frank I) , mate and master, has been sailing out of 
 San I'rancisco since 1885. 
 
 Swain, George, steward, came to the Pacific Coast in 1882, 
 He served on a number of sailing vessels, was al.so in the em- 
 ploy of the Pacific Coast .Steamship Company, and has 
 recently been eng.iged on the steamship Mackinaw. 
 
 Swan, J, Herbert, Tacoma, Wash,, surgeon of steamshi]) 
 yictoria. 
 
 Sweeney, I.. C, mate on sailing vessels, has been running 
 north from San Francisco since [8,83, He has recently been 
 engaged on the ship India. 
 
 Talbot, W, J,, steward, Porthuul, Or. 
 
 Tai.ucr, John, engineer, Seattle, Wash,, began on Pnget 
 Sounrl in 1889 on the steam schooner Lucy /.owe. He lias 
 since been connected with a uninber of small steamers, of some 
 of which he was part owner. 
 
 Tarte, .\lfre<l .\., engineer, Blaine, Wash,, was boru in 
 l->i|iiiiualt, B. C, in i8<)5. He has been employed on the 
 /Irick, Ez'ani;el ami other steamers run by Ca])t. James W. 
 Tarte, 
 
 Taylor, I). O. , purser, has been employed on the I.urline 
 and other steamers belonging to Jacob Kamm. 
 
 Taylor, William, master of American ship Reaper. 
 
 Tell. John II., master and pilot, Portland. Or. 
 
 Tew, Oreu I^., engineer. .Shelton, Wash., has served on the 
 steamers .therdeen, Clan .VcPtoiald, City of .Iherdeen and 
 
 ;/■(•///,•. 
 
 Tew, Capt. Thomas S , Seattle, Wash, 
 
 Thain, John, engineer, Victoria, II, C , was born in prance. 
 He served an apprenticeship of five years at the Thames Iron 
 Works in I.onilon, England, going from there to Singapore, 
 India, where he jc)ined a coasting steamer as second assistant. 
 He remained in the employ of a number of Oriental steamship 
 companies until 1.S87, when he joined the steamship /lanube 
 aud came to Victoria as first assistant He is at present chief 
 engineer of the steamer, 
 
 Thaiii, M. W,. harbor master and port war<len at Van- 
 couver, B. C, was born iu St, John's, New Brunswick, in 1834, 
 
Marine Men Engaged in the Waters of the Northwest 
 
 491 
 
 i;o to accept a 
 eel Bridge at 
 
 illaiitic Ocean 
 erpool to Nrw 
 • on the steam 
 ;e(l in l)oating 
 id in 1S87 and 
 n Sudlow was 
 er well known 
 
 on vessels onl 
 ni the steamer 
 the employ of 
 me of the crew 
 California, off 
 
 , I'rancisco in 
 the steamship 
 •m of five years 
 ssistant on the 
 lid assistant on 
 north on the 
 el. 
 
 San Francisco. 
 a Oregon City, 
 an on the old 
 llaniette Kiver. 
 porlatioii Com- 
 ictivc, Alhany, 
 ess and Pay ton. 
 r Harvest Moon. 
 
 was horn in the 
 ;r River in 1888. 
 or the past four 
 
 born in Sweden 
 Coast since 1S80, 
 |) Cniiiuta. He 
 Mexiio. and was 
 He was then in 
 ly taking charge 
 
 born in Norway 
 ship Harvistir 
 
 of coasting vcs- 
 
 A'liliin'. 
 n sailing out of 
 
 /.' 
 
 c Coast ill 1XS2. 
 also ill llie eni- 
 pany, and has 
 
 oil of steamship 
 
 las been runninK 
 las recently been 
 
 began on I'uget 
 
 l.iiirr. lie lias 
 
 steamers, of some 
 
 di 
 
 was born 111 
 mploved on the 
 Capt.' James \V. 
 
 d on the I.iiilitif 
 
 Reaper. 
 
 Or. 
 lias served on the 
 of .Iherdeen and 
 
 ( born ill I'rance. 
 
 ibe Thames Iron 
 lerc to Singapore, 
 
 second assistant. 
 Oriental steamship 
 ileamship Panube 
 s at present chief 
 
 war<len al Van- 
 rnnswick, ill 1834, 
 
 and began going to sea when a mere boy. In 1855 he was mate 
 of an .\niericaii vessel trading to Hongkong, and remained 
 there in the coasting trade for several months. He afterward 
 was sailing on lli^ .Atlantic and to South American ports, and 
 on coming back to tlie I*acific Coast spent some time in the 
 I'raser River mines. He sulisecpiently engaged in the steve- 
 doring business, and in 1SS5 was appointed harbor master at 
 Vancouver, whicli ofiice he has since filled. 
 
 Thatcher, Joseph, purser, Whatcom, Wash., has been con- 
 nected with tlie sieaniers Itlaho, Paisy, Eliza Anderson and 
 Messenger on I'uget Sound. 
 
 Tlieilsen, Capt. Henry, Tacoma, Wasii., was born in New 
 York in 1861 and began steamboating in 1S7S. He has owned 
 several small steamers on the Sound and at present is in com- 
 mand of the steamer /}liie .Star of Tacoma. Captain Tlieilsen 
 was owner of the steamer Ji. M. Cnll, burned at Allyn, Wash., 
 in 1892. 
 
 Thoma.s, Krskine, engineer. Seattle, Wa.sh., was born in 
 Massachusetts in 1862. He commenced work on the Sound on 
 tlie Eliza Anderson and has recently been in the employ of the 
 Northwestern Steamship Company. 
 
 Thomas, Capt. Frank, Olyinpia, Wash. 
 
 Thomas, W. R., was born in Oregon City, Or., and is a .son 
 of John T. Thomas, builder of the Hoosier, Carrie /.add and 
 other pioneer .steamers. lie began steamboating on the Willa- 
 mette River in 1877, ran there as mate and engineer for several 
 years, and afterward went to the Sound. He lias recently been 
 engaged oil the Oregon Railw.ay & Navigation Company's 
 steamers on the upper Columbia and Snake rivers. 
 
 TiioinpSGU, .\., San I'rancisco, master of schooner liender 
 III , liters. 
 
 Thompson, Harvey K., engineer, has been in the marii. 
 business for sixteen years. He began service on the Pacific- 
 Coast in i8go. and has run as chief of the tugs Astoria and 
 Traveler ami of the steamer Signal. He has held a similar 
 position for two years (»n the steamer Crescent City. 
 
 Thompson, J., master of ship Enphrosyne, in the Liverpool 
 ,ind Portland grain trade. 
 
 Thompson, J. R., mate, Seattle, Wash., owner of steamer 
 Lydia Thompson. 
 
 Thompson, M., .San Francisco, ship carpenter of schooner 
 Aloha. 
 
 Thompson, Nicholas, chief engineer, Vancouver, B. C , 
 was born in Ivngland in 1853. He commenced his marine 
 service in the Northwest in iS,SS and lias recently been engaged 
 on the tug Tepic. 
 
 Thompson, T., San Francisco, master of bark .S'. C. .Mien, 
 was born in Norway in 1853 and lias been sailing out of San 
 I'Vancisco since 1S73. He brought the .-///<•« out from the Kast 
 and has been master of her since. 
 
 Tliumpson, T. H.. mate on sailing vessels, San F'rancisco. 
 
 Thompson, Theodore, mate on sailing vessels, was bom in 
 Norway in 1856. He sailed out of FUiropean ports for eleven 
 years and came to the Pacific Co.ist in 1SS2. He at first 
 engaged in the coasting service and then began sailing in the 
 Sandwich Islands traile, where be has since continueil Mr. 
 Thompson is at present employed on the schooner Jennie 
 Thclin. 
 
 Thompson, W. C. , engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Tliompson, Capt. W. II., Nanainio. I) C, was born in 
 Liverpool. ICngland, in 1848. He was sailing out of San F'ran- 
 cisco in 1S70 and was afterward coniieded with the steamer 
 /-///foil I'uget .Sound for a short time. He retired from the 
 water several years ago and has since been engaged in business 
 at Napaimo. 
 
 Tliompson, William, sleaui.ship n:;"te, was horn in Germany 
 in '860. He began rnnning between S.in Francisco and I'uget 
 .Sound in 187^ on llie George ."'. Elder, and is at present on 
 tlie .-// A7. 
 
 Thornton, Henry M., engineer, was born ill Australia in 
 iSfti. He began steainboaling on the Columbia River in 1877 
 with the Oregon Railway ^S: Navigation Company, his first work 
 being on the Idaho. I le left the Columbia several years ago and 
 has since been following bis profession on I'uget Souiicl. F'or 
 several years past he has been runuing as chief engineer of the 
 steamer Sarah M. A'enlon. 
 
 Thorsen. Lars, San Francisco, mate of steamer Tilhiinook. 
 
 Tibbals. H I,., Jr., I'ort Townsend, Wash , steamship 
 agent and slii])ping commissioner, was born in I'ort Townseml 
 in 1859 and is a son of Capt. II. I,. Tibbals. 
 
 Tibitts, Cicorge H., mate on sailing vessels, lierkeley, Cal. 
 
 Ticbenor, A. K., steamshii) purser, San F'rancisco. 
 
 Titus, James .\., engineer, Kent, Wash., was born in Cali- 
 fornia ill 1869. His first steamboating was as mate on the 
 Comet, but he soon afterward secured an engineei's license and 
 has since been connected with the steamers Jessie, Al h'i. 
 
 James McNaughl, Susie, Edna, Lone Fisherman, Idaho, ll'el- 
 eome, Emma //aytcard am\ others. 
 
 robin, William, president of the Steamship Firemen's 
 Association, was born in Ireland in i860. He came to the 
 Pacific Coa.st in 1876, his first work being on the steamship 
 (ireat Repnhlic. He afterward ran for several years on the 
 Portland and San Francisco steamers and also on steamers run- 
 ning north. Mr. Tobin was one of the crew of the Idaho when 
 she was wrecked near Race Rocks, and since that time has been 
 living in Seattle, looking after the interests of the associatiou 
 he represents. 
 
 Todd, Donald, engineer, Vancouver, B. C, was born in 
 Victoria in 1853. He began his uiarine work as fireman on the 
 steamer ll'oodside, where he served four years, running for a 
 similar length of time on the steamer Etta ll'hite. He was 
 afterward engaged as second assistant on the steamers Thistle, 
 Coqnitlam, Capilano and Raintiotv, still being connected with 
 the latter. 
 
 Toffor, H., master of sailing ves.sels, was born in Germany 
 in 1849. He has been engaged on coasting schooners since 
 1870 and is at present on the Tu'ilighl. 
 
 Tompkins, B., steward with the Columbia & Kootenai 
 Steam Navigation Company, Nelson, B. C. 
 
 Tonnesen, Jacob, mate, Port Blakely, Wash. 
 
 Topping, W. F., agent of the Oregon Railway & Navigation 
 Company's Oriental Steamship Line, Portland, Or. 
 
 Tornstrom, Capt. W., was born in .Stockholm, Sweden, in 
 1.853. He began sailing on the Pacific Coast on the bark 
 lironles, and since then has been master of the schooners 
 Alice, Marion, Ida, Florence, Fairy Queen, Ivy and Comet. 
 
 Towne, Moses J., engineer, Gardiner, Or, was born in 
 Maine in 1S59. He has been .steamboating for eight years on 
 the Umpqua and Siuslaw rivers. 
 
 Tracey, Charles H., engineer, was born at Nantucket, 
 Mass., in 1854. His first worlc on tlie Pacific Coast was at Port 
 Townseml on the steamer /-Jcs/iif/f//. He was also engaged on 
 the little steamer IJndenvriter, and was then for three years 
 engineer at the Spring Valley Water Works at San Francisco. 
 On returning to the water he engaged on the steamships 
 Mexico, Los .Ingeles. /'asadena,Jeanie, Del .Vorte and Oregon, 
 with the latter of which he ran as first assistant. 
 
 Treanor, Capt. William, was born on Prince Edward Island. 
 He has been sailing on the Pacific Coast since 1S76 and was 
 first engaged 011 the schooner Trustee until she was wrecked at 
 Gray's Harbor. He was next on the brig Xorth Star, barkeii- 
 tiiic lVet>foot, schooners Fanny Adele, .Maid of Orleans ami 
 J. M. Coleman. 
 
 Trebell, John, male, has been coasting north from San 
 Francisco since 1872. He ran for several years in the employ 
 of the Pacific Mail .Steamship Company, and was three years in 
 the United States Navy. He was second ofiicer on the steam- 
 ship Crown of Engl-md when she was wrecked in 1894. 
 
 Tregonning. W. M., wharfinger Dunsmuir Coal Company, 
 Departure Bay, B. C. 
 
 'irewrcn, Joseph 1'.. mate and pilot, was born in luiglaud 
 ill 1857. He came to llie Pacific Coast in 1879 and joined the 
 I'nited Stales survey steamer .Uc.-trthur, remaining with her 
 for a year. For the next seven years he w.is in the trade 
 between .San I'rancisco and I'uget Sound on steam and sailing 
 schooners. In 1S87 he joined the tug A'(7;(7" as mate, rnnning 
 on her until the completion of the Fearless, with which tug he 
 has since remained. 
 
 Trontmau, Capt. Daniel, Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 Indiana in 1840 and sailed in the deeji-water trade for nearly 
 thirty years. He came to I'ngel Sound in i,S88 and took com- 
 mand of the Puck Hunter. He has recently been operating 
 the steamer Pclta. 
 
 Trudgett, Robert, steward, San Francisco. 
 
 Trulliuger, P. A., ina.ster and pilot, Astoria, Or., was born 
 in Oreg<m in 1.855. His first steamboating was <ii the Minne- 
 haha, iinilt on Sucker Lake. lie also served with heron the 
 Willamette River, and then retired from the water for several 
 years. In 1887 he was master of the steamer Governor .Veu'ell 
 on 'lie lower Columbia River. 
 
 I'rnmbull, H. A., engineer, Tacoma, Wash. 
 
 Tucker, H. R., engineer, Bothell, Wash., was born in 
 Massachusetts in 1851. He was engaged in the deep-water ser- 
 vice on sleauiships until 1885, when he came to I'uget Sound 
 and joined the steamer (iasellc. He has since served as engi- 
 neer on the steamers Eliza .-bidcrson, Edith, Puck Hinitcr, 
 I'iolct, Hornet im{\ Catherine. 
 
 Tnkey, John l\, pilot, was born ill Maine in 1831 and came 
 to the Northwest in tht fifties. F'or twenty years he carried 
 the mail between Port Townsend and I'ort Discoverv. Mr. 
 Tnkey retired from the water several years ago and is now 
 living on a farm near Port Town..>end, Wash. 
 
492 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 Tullock, William K., retired purser, Victoria, B. C, fol- 
 lowed the marine business for twelve years. He was in the 
 employ of the White Star line on tlie Atlantic, and on coming 
 to the Pacific entered the service of the Occidental & Oriental 
 Steamship Company, running l)etween San Francisco and 
 Hongkong. He was on the steamship San Pablo when she was 
 wrecked on Turnabout Island, and retired from the business 
 soon afterward. 
 
 Tully, John, steward, Portland, Or. 
 
 Tumelt", John, engineer, Victoria, B. C, was born in 
 Liverpool, England, in 1865. He came to the Pacific Coast on 
 the Abyssinia in 1887, and on arrival joined the steamer Rain- 
 how for three years. He was afterward on the Maude, Thistle, 
 Lome, Coqulttam and Daisy. Before coming to the Coast, Mr. 
 Tumelty served for seven years on Atlantic steamers. 
 
 Turk, R. E., surfman life-saving station. Fort Stevens, Or. 
 
 Turner, Charles B., engineer and boatbuilder, Joseph, 
 Wallowa County, Or., was born in California in 1854. He com- 
 menced marine work on the steamer General Canby. He has 
 recently been engaged on the steamer Alpha, the first and only 
 steamer on Wallowa Lake, 
 
 Turner, Harry, mate, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Turpel, William, shipbuilder, Victoria, B. C, built the 
 steamer Standard and many other well known vessels. In 
 1894 he constructed a marine railway at Victoria, which is one 
 of the most complete on the Pacific Coast, taking but fifteen 
 minutes from the time the vessel leaves the water till she is in 
 a position for repairs. 
 
 Twineham, Charles, steward, Portland, Or. 
 
 Uien, Thomas, mate, Tacoma, Wash., began steamboating 
 on the North Pacific in 1S79 and has since been connected 
 with all of the leading steamers on the Sound. He has 
 recently been engaged on the steamer Typhoon. 
 
 Valentine, W. B., pilot, was born in Ohio in 1825. He 
 came to Astoria in 1855 and began running on the steamer 
 Senorlta as deckhand with Captain Wells. He went to the 
 Chehalis River in 1856 on the schooner General Harney, and 
 when the old steamer Ch'halls commenced running there he 
 was engaged with her for about a year. He then retired from 
 the service until about 1883, when he established the Montesano 
 Ferry across the Chehalis River, vhich he is still operating. 
 
 Van Tassel, William, engineer, Tacoma, Wash. 
 
 Veal, John J., Vancouver, B. C, master of steamer Skide- 
 gate. 
 
 Vickery, Hubert, mate, San Francisco. 
 
 Vierow, August, engineer, Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 Germany in 1H32. He came to the IV. if Coast in 1857 on the 
 brig George Emery, Captain Dryden, landing at Port Dis- 
 covery, Wash. He then went to the I'raser River r "nes, 
 where he remained until 1S59, when he ran the sloop /ilact 
 Shar/t on the Snohomish River in the jobbing trade. After 
 the Shark was lost on Cape Flattery, he took the bark Mal- 
 lory in 1863. She became water-logged and was run into Neah 
 Bay, where she soon broke up. In 186S he began steamboating 
 on Coos Bay on the tug Fearless, which was wrecked in 1S73. 
 Mr. Vierow has retired from the marine business. 
 
 Vivian, Charles, engineer, San Francisco, was born in 
 England in 1858. He .served an apprenticeship in Cornwall, 
 England, and came to the Pacific Coast in 1882. He served for 
 eight years on the steamship Oceanic, on which he was running 
 as second a.ssistant when she ran down the City 0/ Chester. 
 Mr. Vivian has recently been engaged as second assistant on 
 the steamship Costa Pica. 
 
 Von Dahlern, G. H. F., San Francisco, master of bark 
 Aureola. 
 
 Wade, G. II., engineer, Seattle, Wash., was born in Maine 
 in 1856, and has been eng.iged in the marine business since 
 1H76, commencing on the Columbia River steamer Lurline. 
 He was for many years engaged on ferry steamers between 
 Portland and Albina before the completion of the bridges, 
 and was afterward on the steamer Hermina until she burned 
 at Willow Bar on the Columbia. 
 
 Walker, Donald, shipbuilder, Victoria, B. C, was born in 
 New Brunswick in 1829, going from there to Oshkosh, Wis., 
 where he was engaged in building lake vessels for twenty 
 years. Since coming to the Pacific Coast he has confined his 
 operations to repairing vessels, and is part owner of the 
 schooner Carlotta G. Cox, built in 1890, 
 
 Walker, G, M., master and pilot, Portland, Or, 
 
 Walker, T, C, engineer, Vancouver, B. C, was born in 
 Ontario, Canada, in 1868 He came to the Northwest in 1890, 
 was second assistant on a number of .steamers, and has recently 
 served as engineer on the tugs Agnes and Glide. 
 
 Walker, Thomas W., Vancouver, B. C, steward of steam- 
 ship Empress of India, was born in Liverpool, England, in 
 1858 He was one of the crew of the steamship Oregon, 
 wrecked off Fire Island several years ago. 
 
 Walker, William C, mate on sailing vessels, was born on 
 the Isle of Wight in 1867 and has followed the sea since he was 
 fourti'iii years of age. He has been coasting out of San Fran- 
 cisco lor the past ten years and is at present second mate of 
 the ship Elwell. 
 
 Wallace, Albert, mate and second mate on sailing ves- 
 sels, San Francisco. 
 
 Wallace, Charles, engineer, San Francisco. 
 
 Walters, John, mate and master, Vancouver, B. C, had 
 command of the steamer Vancouver in 1891 and has recently 
 been engaged as first officer on the steamer Como.t. 
 
 Walton, William G., engineer, San Francisco, was born in 
 England. He has been in the marine service for about fourteen 
 years, ten of which were spent on the Pacific Mail Steamship 
 Companv's steamship City 0/ Peking, running from San Fran- 
 cisco to Hongkong. He is at present on the steamer Point 
 Lama, running to Gray's Harbor. 
 
 Wann, Fred, mate on sailing vessels, was born in Sweden 
 in i860. He commenced sailing on the Pacific Coast in 1880 
 in Pope & Talbot's employ. His last vessel was tde schooner 
 Glendale, on which he has been running for two years. 
 
 Ward, D. H., master of sailing vessels, was born in Cali- 
 fornia in 1858. He commenced sailing north in 1881 on the 
 bark C. O, Whitmore and has recently been connected with 
 the barkentine Amelia. 
 
 Ward, Robert, master mariner, Victoria, B. C. 
 
 Ward, S. F., engineer on Lake Washington, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Warren, Augustus, engineer, was born in Lowell, Mass., 
 in 1837. He began steamboating on the Stickeen River in 
 1875, the sternwheeler Hope being his first vessel. 
 
 Warren, Frank S., master of steamer Zephyr, Tacoma, 
 Wash., was born in New York and has been steamboating on 
 the Sound since 1884. 
 
 Warren, W., engineer, San Francisco. 
 
 Watkins, Capt. R. J., Chelan, Wash., was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1856. His first steamboating in the Northwest was 
 on the Pelle on Lake Chelan in 1890. In 1894 he built the 
 steamer Stehei in, which he has since been running on the lake. 
 
 Watts, James, engineer. New Westminster, B. C. 
 
 Watts, Oscar E., mate on sailing vessels, was born in 
 Maine in 1856. He began sailing on the bark ll/histler out 
 of San Francisco in 1877 and has recently been engaged on the 
 ship Wachussett. 
 
 Watts, Capt W., Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 Weatherwax, Capt. J. M., Aberdeen, Wash., was born in 
 New York in 1826. He is interested in the schooner bearing 
 his name, and also a number of other vessels operated in con- 
 nection with his lumber business at Aberdeen. 
 
 Weaver, Harry P., mate on sailing vessels, San Francisco. 
 
 Webb, R. I)., mate and pilot, Seattle, Wash., was born in 
 Union City, Wash. He has been steamboating on Puget .Sound 
 since 1883, his first vessel having been the Josephine. 
 
 Webber, Charles, mate and ntaster, was born in Germany 
 in i860 and has been on the Pacific Coast since 1873. He 
 has run as mate on a large number of well known coasting 
 vessels, and is at present on the Nonantum. 
 
 Weber, Capt. Henry, was born in Germany in 1862. His 
 first work in the Northwest was as ((uartermaster on the 
 steamer Olympian in 1S84. He was also on the tug Kichard 
 Holyoke and various other Sound steamers, and for two years 
 was owner and master of the steanieryy^ on Hood's Canal, 
 
 Webster, Charles A., steward, San Francisco. 
 
 Weeks, Philip W., shipping master, Astoria, Or, 
 
 Weiss, William, engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Weiss, William, engineer, Whatcom, Wash,, was born in 
 Germany in i860. He began steamboating in the Northwest 
 on the Fraser River steamer Gem in 1879 and is at present 
 engineer of the steamer Edna at Whatcom. 
 
 Welch, John W., master and pilot, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Welch, Madison, engineer, Portland, Or. 
 
 Welden, George, first assistant engineer on United States 
 steamer Mamanita, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Wescott, William, mate and second mate on coasting 
 steamships, has been sailing out of San Francisco since 1880. 
 He has recently been connected with the steamship Al Ki. 
 
 West, Capt. Fred C, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Westerman, George, engineer, Olalla, Wash. 
 
 Wheeler, Capt. Roscoe, San Francisco, was born in Glou- 
 cester, Mass., in 1832. He commenced his marine work on the 
 Pacific Coast in 1866 and for the past twenty years has owned 
 and rr.n the tug Lottie. 
 
 Whelan, Capt. Thomas, Bothell, Wash., was born in Phila- 
 delphia, Penn., in 1865. He commenced steamboating on 
 
was born on 
 since he was 
 of San Fran- 
 cond mate of 
 
 sailing ves- 
 
 r, B. C, had 
 has recently 
 i.r. 
 
 I, was born in 
 bout fourteen 
 lil Steamship 
 jm San I'ran- 
 iteamer Point 
 
 rn in Sweden 
 Coast in 1880 
 tje schooner 
 ears. 
 
 born in Cali- 
 3 1881 on the 
 jnnected with 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 ^owell, Mass., 
 
 een River in 
 
 1. 
 
 hyr, Taconia, 
 
 amboating on 
 
 rn in Pennsyl- 
 lorthwest was 
 4 he built the 
 igon the lake. 
 ). C. 
 
 was born in 
 
 Whistler out 
 
 ngaged on the 
 
 was born in 
 Doner bearinK 
 ;rated in coii- 
 
 »an Francisco, 
 was born in 
 i'uget Sound 
 
 K". 
 
 in Germany 
 ice 1S73. He 
 lown coasting 
 
 in 1862. His 
 
 iiaster on the 
 
 ttiK Kicliaid 
 
 for two years 
 d's Canal. 
 
 Or. 
 
 was born in 
 he Northwest 
 is at present 
 
 )r. 
 
 United States 
 
 on coasting 
 CO since 1880. 
 lip Al A'i. 
 
 born in Glou- 
 le work on the 
 ars has owned 
 
 born in Phila- 
 imboating on 
 
 Marine Men Engaged in the Waters of the Northwest 
 
 493 
 
 Puget Sound on the Idaho in 1881 and has recently been 
 engaged on the little steamer Oiiri //miter on I.,ake Wash- 
 ington. 
 
 White, Capt. Thomas I)., Marshiield, Or,, was born in 
 Iowa in i,S66. He commenced his marine service on Coos Hay 
 in iS89aud has had charge of the steamers Coos, y'arro and 
 others. 
 
 White, William H., steward, Tacoma, Wash., commenced 
 on the Otter in 18K2 and has recently been engaged on the 
 Zephyr. 
 
 Whitehead, A., shipbuilder, Oakland, Cal. 
 
 Whitehead, Fdward K.. mate, Portland, Or. 
 
 Whitfield, Capt. William, Snohomish, Wash., was born in 
 London, Englan(l, in 1846. The greater part of his marine 
 work has been as purser, and in that capacity he ran witli 
 Captain Low on the steamer Nil/if, Captain Merwin on the 
 /('. A'. A/er:i'iii, Capt. Daniel Henson on the City 0/ (Jiiiiiey, 
 and Capt. Henry Bailey on the Mabel. 
 
 Whitney, Albert, master of sailing vessels, was born in 
 Harvard, Mass., in 1841. He has been engaged on the bark 
 /Raphael for twelve years, ten of which he has been master. 
 
 Whitney, Oeorge II., mate on steam colliers, was born in 
 New Brunswick in 1859. He came to the Pacific Coa.st in ifi.S^ 
 with the steamship llaiinird Castle, on which he was engaged 
 for two years as second and first mate. When the Castle was 
 lost he joined the H'ellinffton, and has since served on nearly 
 all of the best known colliers running north. 
 
 Whitney, Capt. William, was born in New Orleans, La., in 
 1842, anil commenced sailing out of his native port at the age 
 of eleven. He first arrived on the Pacific Coast in 1858, going 
 at once to the mines, where he remained for a year. On his 
 return he joined the schooner F. /'. Hreen in the Shoalwater 
 Bay oyster trade. He was afterward master of the schooner 
 and has since had command of a number of coasting vessels. 
 He was master of the Corona when she was lost near Mendo- 
 cino, and is at present in charge of the 9,c\\oo\\tr Jessie Miner. 
 
 Wliitson, Thomas, San F'rancisco, mate on sailing vessels. 
 
 Wielke, I'red. San h'rancisco, second mate on schooner 
 A/oha. 
 
 Wikander, I"., Kureka, Cal., mate and second mate on 
 sailing vessels. 
 
 Wikmen, John A,, male on sailing vessels. 
 
 Wilcox, H. Iv., keeper of the Coos Bay Life-saving Station. 
 
 Wilke, P. M., mate, San I'rancisco. 
 
 Wilkie, Robert, mate, Portland, Or. 
 
 Wilkius, George, mate of bark J/cjVear, was Imrn in Ger- 
 many in 184H and has been coa.sting north from San Francisco 
 since 1H6S. 
 
 Willey, tieorge II., jjurser, Olympia, Wash. 
 
 Willey, Capt. I.afa\elle, is a native of Maine and began 
 steamboating on the .Snsie on Puget Sound in 1877. He is at 
 present master of the steamer Miillnoinah. 
 
 Willey, P. L., Olympia, Wash., master of steamer ('ily of 
 Aberdeen. 
 
 Willey, SiMnuel, was botu in Maine in 1S26 and arrived on 
 the Pacific Coast in 1859. He began the steamboat business at 
 (Jlympia in 1H80 with the steamer Susie, which he sold in i8S,^ 
 and bought the Willey. In 1889 he bought the steamer 
 Mullnotnah. 
 
 Williams, A. J., engineer, Bolhell, Wash., was born in 
 Philadelphia, Penu. He has been in the marine business for 
 thirty years, most of the time on Atlantic Coast steamships. 
 He commenced on Puget Sound in 1S88 on the steamer 
 I'olitkoj'sky. 
 
 Williams, Albert J., engineer, Bothell, Wash., was born in 
 Philadelphia in 18.16. He has been engaged on the steamer 
 /)uck l/iinler on Lake Washington for several years. 
 
 Williams. Capl. C. II., I'agle Harbor, Wash., was born in 
 New York City in 185,5. "e built the steamer Tolo in 18.S9 and 
 ran her four years. 
 
 Williams, Charles, mate, was born in Norway in 1864. He 
 began .sailing out of San Francisco on the barkeutine Tain 
 O'Shanter, and was afterward on the //arvestet, Oeeidenlal 
 and Wiliniiij^toii. He was master of the schooner .Vary I'arker 
 and lias also served on the tugs //olyoke, .Uastirk, Mogul and 
 Taeoiiia. Mr. Williams is al present on the steamer /Iriek 
 
 Williams, Charles II., engineer. Gig Harbor, Wash. 
 
 Williams, Capt. G. W., Handoii, Or,, wius born ip Indiana 
 ill 1842 and coiumeiiced steamboating on the Snake River on 
 the Annie Faxon in i,S86. He has not been in active service 
 for several ye.irs but is interested in the steamers tiandorille 
 and Cold Catheier. 
 
 Williams, !L Iv, engineer. Gig Harbor, Wash. 
 
 Williams, James, master mariner, Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 Williams, John, engineer, Victoria, B. C, was born in 
 Norfolk, Va., in 1S31. He served in the United States Navy 
 four years during the Civil War, three years of which he was 
 on the monitor Eriesson and one year on the iXiagara. He 
 came to British Columbia about 1876 011 the bark Clen Fruin, 
 which he left at Victoria. He then went to Puget Sound and 
 joined the revenue cutter Oliver Wohott, where he remained 
 eight years, most of the time as fireman. He then worked in 
 the Albion Iron Works at Victoria for three years, at the 
 expiration of which he returned to the water as chief engineer 
 of the steamer i\ell. He was afterward engineer on the 
 steamer Cariboo and Fly, .Spralt's .Irk, /iinma, anil was second 
 assistant on the steamer /leaver. He served for a long time as 
 fireman on the steamers Otter, /loscou'itz and .Sardonyx. Mr. 
 Williams has recently been employed as chief engineer of the 
 ( 'arilioo and Fly. 
 
 Williams, Samuel, master of steamer /larbara /io.voiL'ih, is 
 a native of Kngland and began steamboating in the Northwest 
 about 1872. Most of his work has been on northern routes out 
 of Victoria. 
 
 Williams, T. A., engineer, was born in New York in 1S60 
 and commenced his marine service in the Aspinwall line. 
 Since coming to the Pacific Coast he has served as second and 
 first assistant on a large number of coasting steamers running 
 north from San Francisco. 
 
 Williams, Theo. O., Port Madison, Wash., was born in 
 New York City in 1827 and came to the Pacific Coast in 1849. 
 He ran for a while as second mate on the steamship Ceneral 
 Warren, leaving her in 1S51 to go to the mines. He was after- 
 ward mate on the J.eonosa, but left her to go to the Fraser 
 River diggings. On returning from there he ran as mate on 
 the steamer Resolute, Captain Guindon. After retiring from 
 the water Mr. Williams was elected sheriff of Kitsap County, 
 Wash., and has held the office four terms. 
 
 Williams, William, Ballard, Wash., was bom in Camden, 
 N. J., in 1841. He came round the Horn in 1861 as third male 
 on tile Storm King, and afterward ran as first mate on the 
 barks Victor and Winduaid, and steamer Constitution. He 
 built the sloop Jupiter and is now her master. 
 
 Wilson, Augustus, steward, San Francisco. 
 
 WiLsoii, Capt. Charles K., Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Wilson, Capt. Iv F., Bay Center, Wash., was born at Port- 
 land, Or., in 1856. He has been steamboating on Shoalwater 
 Bay since 1884 and is master and half owner of the steamer 
 Favoiite. 
 
 Wilson, K. J., mate. Bay Center, Wash. 
 
 Wilson, F. P., mate, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Wilson, Capt. I'. A., Olympia, Wash., was born in Oregon 
 and commeuced steamboating on the Messenger on Puget 
 Sound in 1883. 
 
 Wilson, F. F., engineer, Citur d'Alene, Idaho, was born in 
 Louisiana in 1865. He commenced his marine career on the 
 Mississippi River anil came to C(i-'ur d'Aleue in 1887. He has 
 since been connected with the steamers A/<?//(^ Ca'ur d\-ilene, 
 lOiotenai, Volunteer, Amelia II heaton and .SV. Joe. 
 
 Wilson, II., Portland, Or., master of bark A'ilty. 
 
 WMson, Henry, engineer, Colby, Wasli,. was born in New- 
 York in 1850. He has been iu the in^-ine business for twenty- 
 five years and sailed as master on tiie Great Lakes for eight 
 years. He came to Pugei Sound in 188.S and has since been 
 engaged on the Fanny /.ake. Mascot, /ola, and a number of 
 other steamers, 
 
 Wilson, J. P., mate on sailing vessels, was born in Finland 
 in 1S44. He has been sailiug north from San Frar.cisco since 
 1867 and was second mate on the bark /)avid //oadley when she 
 was wrecked. 
 
 Wilson, James S., engineer, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Wilson, Oscar, engineer, Astoria, Or. 
 
 Wilson, Thomas, engiueer. Victoria, H. C. 
 
 Winian, Capt. Chance, Tacoma, Wash., was born in Canada 
 ill 1S64. He commenced steamboating 011 the Mes.\enger on 
 Puget Sound in 1SS3 and has since been engaged on the /.oltie, 
 Clara /lro7en, /■'stelle. /)es A/oines and others, 
 
 Winchester, J. R., master of bark Therinopyhr. 
 
 Windrow, John, .Sau Francisco, master of ship Tico 
 llrothers. 
 
 Wiiikel, George, mate, was born in Denmark in 1866. He 
 came to the Pacific Coast in 1886 and has been running as mate 
 on lumber steamers since that time. He has recently been 
 engaged on the Novelty. 
 
 Winney, Ned, chief engineer of steamship /ionita. 
 
 Wise, Capt. Frmik W., was born iu Boston, Mass., iu 1S40. 
 He began his marine career in the Nnrtluvest on the Ilolladay 
 steamships running north from San I'rancisco, filling the posi- 
 tion of first officer on the /daho, OriJIamine, /'acijic, California 
 
494 
 
 Lewis cf Dryden'a Marine History of the Pacific Northwest 
 
 and Del Norte. In 1869 he entered the employ of the Pacific 
 Mall Steamship Company, most of the time in the China trade, 
 and for a portion of the time having command of the steam- 
 ships Golden Age and Oregonian. Hrom 1878 to 1881 he was 
 first officer on the City of Panama, running to the Isthmus and 
 later was in command of the Salvador, which sprang a leak in 
 1882 and was run ashore, soon after leaving Puntn Arenas en 
 route for San Francisco. In 1883 Captain Wise was first officer 
 on the steamship Alameda of the Spreckels line, running to 
 Honolulu, and in 1884 held a similar position on the.SVin Pablo, 
 leaving her in 1885 to come to Victoria, where he has since 
 remained as superintendent of the outer wharf. 
 
 Wine, Capt. James, New Westminster, H. C, was born in 
 Ireland in 1833 and arrived at Victoria on the bark Live Yankee 
 when she came to the Pacific Coast. He brought a whalehnat 
 with him and began freighting and lioating between Victoria, 
 Vale and Bellingham Bay. He continued in this business until 
 1875, when he engaged in the salmon-packing industry on the 
 Fraser River. 
 
 Wolfe, Henry, secretary of the Nanaimo branch of the 
 Pacific Coast Seamen's Union, was born in Bristol, England, in 
 1854. He came to the Pacific Coast in 1868 and has been 
 engaged on sailing vessels most of the time since. 
 
 Wolters, Henry J., engineer, has been running out of San 
 Francisco since 1878 and has recently been connected with the 
 steamships Mexico and Utnatilla. 
 
 Wood, Robert, engineer. Port Townsend, Wash., was born 
 in Ontario, Canada, in 1868. He has followed steaniboating for 
 the last ten years and is at present connected wiih the tug Tyee. 
 
 Wood, Z. C, mate and master, Portland, Or., was born in 
 Iowa in 1847. He began steaniboating on the Willamette River 
 on the Alice in 1876, and afterward ran on the Bonan::a, 
 Calliope, Salem, Harvest Moon, Frankfort, Vulcan and Toledo. 
 
 Woods, Charles, engineer. West Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Woodward, Herbert, master mariner, Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 Works, E. H., engineer, Portland, Or. 
 
 Wreushall, H., shipbuilder, Bandon, Or. 
 
 Wrenshall, William C, shipbuilder, Bandon, Or., was born 
 in England in 1836. He worked at his trade in England and 
 in Canada before coming to the Pacific Coast. 
 
 Wright, C. A., Ainsworlb, B. C, purser of steamer Nelson, 
 
 Wright, C. W., engineer, Snohomish, Wash., commenced 
 his marine career on the Mississippi River, where he served as 
 engineer for twelve years. He came to Piiget Sound in iHyi 
 and has since been engaged there on the steamers Minnie M., 
 .Uonle Crislo, Mamie nnd Lilly. 
 
 Wright, Capt. Thomas A,, was born in Philadelphia, Penn., 
 in 1838. Most of his marine work has been with the Pacific 
 Mail and Occidental & Oriental steamship companies, running 
 to China. He has also been engaged on colliers running north, 
 
 Wyman. Fred E., pilot, was born in Maine in 1866. He 
 began steaniboating on Puget Sound in 1879 on the Comet in 
 the White River trade. He has since been engaged on different 
 steamers on the Sound, on the Columbia River, and in Alaska. 
 
 Wynkoop, Edward, purser, Portland, Or. 
 
 Wyson, O., engineer. New Whatcom, Wash., was born in 
 Ohio in 1853 and couimeiiced his marine service on the Missis- 
 sippi River. He came to Puget Sound in 1881 and was first 
 engaged on the steamer Hob Irving. He has since been 
 employed on nearly all the small steamers on the Sound. 
 
 Yocum, Moses, engineer, was born in Pennsylvania in 1850 
 and commenced his marine career iu the Northwest on the 
 steamer General Miles in 1882. He remained with the Miles 
 and other steamers of the Ilwaco Railway & Navigation Com- 
 pany for several years. For the past five or six years he has 
 been engaged on the steamer Alliance, an<l was chief engineer 
 of that vessel, with Captain Peterson, when she rescued the 
 ship Moel Tryvan from the breakers at Shoalwater Bay. 
 
 Young, Gilbert, mate on sailing vessels, was horn in Nor- 
 way in 1857. He has been sailing out of San Francisco since 
 1880 aud has recently been engaged as second mate on the ship 
 J)ominioH. 
 
 Young, H. A., New Westminster, B. C, master of tug Iris 
 on Fraser River. 
 
 Zumwalt, J. D., mate, Portland, Or. 
 
 
 
 '-.»•<••: 
 
 
)r. , was born 
 ingland and 
 
 tiier Nelson. 
 commenced 
 le served us 
 nnd in iSi^i 
 Minnie M., 
 
 phia, Penn., 
 
 I tlie Pacific 
 ies, running 
 ining nortli. 
 
 II i«66. He 
 lie Cornel in 
 
 on different 
 1 in Alaska. 
 
 vas born in 
 1 tbe Missis- 
 nd was first 
 since been 
 lound. 
 ania in 1850 
 west on llie 
 li tlie iViles 
 [ation Corn- 
 ears be bas 
 ief engineer 
 rescued the 
 Bay. 
 
 orn in Nor- 
 ncisco since 
 on tbe sbip 
 
 r of tug Iris