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Sir, — A publishing firni in New York has addressed circulars to persons in Canada asking answers from fcbem to certain ques- tions propounded. These answers are, we are informed, to be "grouped by an English Liberal" and published simultaneously in Ensfland and the United States," The ostensible cause, prompting to the distribu- tion of 'khese circulars, is a remark made by Mr. Chauncey Depew be- fore the Callom Committee now engaged in trying to discover hov, to inflict the maximum of injury on Cana- dian railways at the minimum of injury to United States railways. Mr. Dep^w's re- mark was a repetition of that mossy chest- nut likening Canada to a plum, which would, when ripe, drop of its own accord into the United States hat. I purpose, with your permission, answer- ing, through your colunms, the circular sent to me. 1st question : "Is the annexation ot the Dominion to the United States seriously advocated ?" No; not in Canada. We have, unlike the United States, an absolutely secret ballot for Dominion elections. Lot any advocate of annexation proclaim himself such and offer as a candidate. He will get all the votes of Annexationists. But he will be elected to stay at home by a large majority in every one of the 205 electoral districts into whioh the Dominion is divided for Federal pur- poaes. There is no "Separatist party" in Canada in the sense of an Annexation party. The people of Canada would probably regard an avowed Annexationist with good-natured contempt as a mild lunatic, an irresponsible crank or a conceited sorehead. 2nd question : "If there is no Annexation party, why has the question receive! so much attention in the press and on the plat- form ?" The question has not received any great attention or been give& any prominence by press and platform in Canada. There has been a question of Commercial Union brought before the Canadian people, and instead of troubling themselves .to answer the arguments ot Commercial Unionists on their merits (or demerits), the press and the platform have met those arguments by the easy response : "We will have nothing to do with Conunercial Union; it would lead to Annexation." Both political parties repudiate any belief in or sympathy with Commercial Union. It sometimes happens that a candidate is charged with being an Annexationist. If there is a grain ot truth in the charge ; if some time or other in his callow youth he said something that could be twisted into an indication that he " looked to Washington," that candidate is put " in the soup " without ceremony. " Is there any feelinsr of Canadian political mstitu- Qucstion ,3rd ; discontent with tions other than those expressed for party purposes by the Parliamentary Opposition ?" I do not observe any signs of discontent with the constitution. The Opposition, like the eajrly States rigkts men in the United Ste.tes, are advocates of a strict interpretatiou of the oonstitution. The guardians of Federal rights do their duty and prevent any encroachment on the Federal authority. Thus there have been disputes. But these have been settled eiUier by reference to the Courts of Canada or by appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council of England, whose de- cision have always been accepted as final. We have thus settled a great many questions similar to those which in the Uuited States were left unsettled, causing, in the early years of the political history of the United States, great discontent, finally culminating in a terrible civil war. The Canadian constitution — the Union Act of 1867, is a much more skil- fully drawn up document than the United States articles ot Confederation. It gives the people much more direct power over the Government, which, consequently, is more responsive to the popular will than the Ex- ecutive ot the United States. The constitution of the Dominion has been in existence twenty-one years. In that time it may be that half a dozen amendments have been proposed. fi«one has been very seriously agitated for ■. In the United States during their farat score of years there must have been three or four hundred amendments to the constitu- tion proposed and debated seriously m Con- gress. There were 77 amendments to the constitution proposed before Washington was inaugurated first President. There was open rebellion in Western Pennsylvania in a year after that event took place. Nor have later years brought any stay in the suggestions of amendments. During the 19 years since 1870 three hundred and ten amendments to the United States "Con- stitution have been offered. While the United States constitution has teen tossed about like a canoe on stormy waters, thtt Canadian constitution firmly anchored to the Judicial Committee of the ^he Privy Council of England, has passed its youth in serenity and enters its manhood with every sign of patriotic acceptance b^ the Caradian people. 4th question : "Is there any impatience with the political relations existing between the Doniiuion and the parent country ?" There has been a certain de., )e of reat- iveness among some politicians (the "ou^<8" invariably) because Canada does not make her own treaties. It never struck its roots into the popular heart. It was a theoretical rather than a practical grievance, and now that the parent country has remodelled its plan perfect satisfaction ib the prevaihng feeling. The parent country either gives permission to Canada's diplomatic represen- tative to negotiate treaties in Canadian in- terests or having made treaties by her own diplomatists only includes Canada in them when Canada expresses a wish to be in- cluded. There is also a large and growing body of Canadians who are "impatient" with the political relations between the parent coun- try and Canada because they believe those relations not as close and intimate as they ought to be. These persons advocate the admission of Canadians to full uiti«onship in Che Empire. I have attended several of their meetings, and I must say their views are received with all tokens of enthusiastic acceptance, fa.' different from the compara- tive silence with which the advocates of closer relations with the United States ar3 received by the general public, though the latter appeal to the cupidity of their hearers, telling them how much more money they would have in their pockets, and the former appeal to the sentiment of loyalty and admit that it will 'cost something to secure full citizenship, with its responsibilitiee. The question of iudepecdence has been pietty well threshed out, with the result that much more chaff than wheat has been found. Annexation h&a never during tht; life of the Confedora<-ion risen to the dignity of a question. It was threshed to death years and years ago. It is like a long- drowned man — all the rolling over barrels, all the hot flannels, all the imitations of respiration possible, cannot cause revivica- tion. It's as dead as Julius Cftisar. Question 5th: "What are your views upon the system of Government under Con- fedeiatiou as compared with that of the United States ?" It is affirmed by some that humanity has been evolved from some hideous animal existence bearing but slight resemblance to the present highly developed organization called the human race. In thd same way the Canadian constitu- tion, evolved from previous fedorative con- stitutions, is immeasurably superior in every respect to all its predecessors. The election 31 of your Chiet MagiBtrAt« ia as ofbeo as not oonsummaced by the minority, and always by meana of bribery on a large Boale. ^8 far back aa 1824 the man ot the people waa "beaten" out of the Freaidency. Tilden'a oaae ia freah in the memory. CJevelaud had a majority of the votea of the people. Your plan ot oreatinsr iSenatora has tamed the United Statea Senate into a body ot rich men who have bought theii places from the State Legislatures. There are aaid to be but four poor men in the United States Senate. All the reat represent the Pluto- cracy. Your plan of electing Judges stimulates bribery and dwarfs judicial in- dependence. In fact, from top to bottom the ayatem of government in the United States is a corruptins; engine, destroying all high ideal of honest government. A leading advocate of Commercial Union from New York, speaking at Ottawa, re- ceived the heartiebt demonatrations of ap- plause when he aaid, "Canada is iuiinitely better governed than the United States, and the applause was deafening when he added, "You Canadians should go down on your knees every night ot your lives and thank God for the superior Constitution V der which you live." 1 did my level best to assist in these demonstrations. '^Question 6th : "In your opinion, what » the political destiny of Canada ?" The question is a large one. While still a people in the gristle, we have shown that there is i;ood stuff in us. The United States did noli secure all-rail connection becweea the Atlantic and the Pacihc Oceana till they had a population of 37 millions, and then only after yeara and yeurs spent in building the railway. Canada built her C. P. R. when she had a population of leas than five millions, and did it in 4^ yeara The canal system of Canada is .on a grand scale. Our whole system ot transportation ia planned on oast and west lines. The popu- lation of Canada has increased in a greater ratio than that of the United States. There ia a strong and growing Canadian sentiment. Assured by the Mother Country that we are free to mould our future to our own liking, we Canadians have ik warm lovd for the generous mother land. I have studied England and Canada closely, and I am convinced that Canadian loyalty to the Queen is a deeper sentiment than Engliah loyalty. Bullied by the United States in a curiously charaoteriatio atyle, we have ottltivfttedi a feeling of indt^entnoe towarda our neighboura. We liku them well enough. But we have discovered that it doed not pay to put ourselves tn their power in any way. These and many more factors must be weighed and given their proper place aa influential forces, the play of which will decide the future of Canada. I think that the political destiny of Canada is to remain as me is till we aro ten or twenty millions of people, when possibly there may come into the sphere of practical politics the question of closer relations with the rest of the Empire. Everything tends at present in that direction. The greatest destiny a country can have is that before Canada, viz., to be the great world-path by which the Asiatic and Australian portions of the Empire shall come to as complete unifica- tion of the Empire as is compatible with full liberty of action for the several parts. Cakadiak. Since the above was written an election was held in one of the counties of the East- em Townahips whoae southern line is the international boundary between Canada and the United Statea, with the result an- nounced in the following telegram : Sherbrooke, 17th. — All the returns from Compton have been received. Mr. Pope'a majority is 839. The successful candidate has received congratulatory telegrams from all parts of the Dominion. His election by so large a majority is a signidoant repu- diation of the policy of Free Trade with the United States, while maintaining Cuatoma duties againat the producta of the Mother Country and the reac of the world. Some had so much confidence in the popularity ol that obnoxious party, that they calculated upon the success of their candidate, Mr. Munro. They are sorely disappointed over the reault, and Conserva- tives are proportionately jubilant over Mr. Pope's great victory. We draw atcention to the answers of " Canadian " to a series of qaeations Mked by a New York firm, with the object of publication, in regard to Annexation and other matters. "Canadian's" answers embody the sentiments of the great mass of the people of the Dominion. — Ottawa Citizen. NORTH-WEST SBTTLBMBNT. The United Statei luid Canada Compared, Editor of The Citizen : Sir, — In oonaequeQce of an interview pub- liahed in your journal, several oorrespond- ents have written me askiuG; two questiona : 1st, Why Canada's North-West has not in- creased in population as rapidly as the United States' domain ; 2nd, Why the farmen of the United States, as a body, are in less prosperous oirccmstanoes than the farmers of Ontario. I did not bargain for so much additional work when the interview was published. But the questions are important ones, and it would ill become me to shire them, in the circumstances. Will you, therefore, kindly give me space in your next issue to discuss the first question 7 First, I ask is it so ? Now, how shall we go to work to find out 7 Well, the proper way, it seems to me, is to examine the re- cords. These show that the United States formed a Union in 1787 ; that by 1789 thir- teen States had ratified the Constitution and secured a President. These thirteen States had their metes and bounds Some of them cast off portions of their terri- tory to form new States— as Massachusetts out of which Maine was carved, and Vir- ginia out of which West Virginia and Ten- nessee were formed. Other outlying regions were purchased, or otherwise ob- tained, as California, Louisiania and Texas. The remainder formed the unorganized territory, to which settle- ment was to be directed, just as our Mani- toba and North- West Territories have constituted, since July, 1870, the region in which we Canadians have had to try our hand at colonizing. To find out which country settled its outlaying territory the more rapidly, we may take the first twenty-three years of the United States' possession of their out- laying domain and compare the development of that domain with the development which has taken place in our North- Wuat during Canada's nineteen years' possession of her outlying territory. This is hardly fair to Canada because it gives the United States tour years longer for their efforts than it gives Canada. But - we have the record, supplied by their own and, of the population in 1810. we will give the United States the ad- vantage of four years longer record than we can give Canada, and we will say nothing about it. At the end of the first twenty-three years (from 1787 to 1810) Alabama, Arkansas, Indiana, Michigan, Florida, Missouri, Arizona, Dakota, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, Oregon, Wisconsin and Colorado (which States and Territories comprise the unoccupied domain of the original States at the time of their union) had a population of 62,409 all told. The four million people in the original States had managed in twenty-three years to plant colonies through- out their outlying domain, aggregating a population of 62,409 souls. Now, what has Canada done in the nine- teen years of her possession of the North- West? Taking the population in 1871, we had within our borders 3,600,000 souls — four hundred thousand fewer than the United States, when they began colonizing operations in their outlying public domain. The 3,600,000 perpons have secured for Manitoba and the North- West in nineteen years a white population of 180,000 souls. In a word, we have managed our colonization plans so well that we have in nineteen years beaten the United States record of twenty-three years, three to one. Where they planted one settler we have planted three. In the face ot these facts, I cannot acrree with those correspondents who, by asking why Canada has not increased her North- West population as rapidly as the United States' outlying regions increased, imply that she has not. We have been very much more succeseful than our neighbors, and there are the records to show it. Yours, Gkobqe Johnsok. bet r to Elteii 1 it the own 810. ad- 1 we bins ^ears ouri, Now ninK, irado le the tea at [on of leople ;d in oiifth- ing a ( nine- >iorth- 1871, loula — ,n the mizing omain. ad for ineteen souls, i our re have States bo one. ve have b asrree asking ■ North - United ply that y much lors, and INSON.