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THE 
 
 EARLY BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 V 
 
 OP THE 
 
 PROVIIN-OE OF ONTARIO, 
 
 DOMINION OP CANADA, 
 
 WITH OTHER INFORMATION. 
 
 A SUPPLEMENTAL CHAPTER OF CAXADIAN ARCH.EOLOGY. 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM KINGSFORD, LL.D., F.R.S. [C] 
 
 ■ i: 
 
 TORONTO : 
 
 ROWSELL & HUTCHISON. 
 MONTREAL : 
 EBEN PICKEN. 
 1892. 
 
■ f 
 
 1 ,' i 
 
 ! I 
 
 ' 1 
 
 r I 
 
 eight hundred and ninety-two, by W i^"^" ^ 
 
 BlmiBter of Agriculture. ^ 
 
 ■WITNESS" PRINTING HOUSE, 
 MONTREAL. 
 
 •^■^ 
 
 \A 
 
\ . 
 
 " Every work must be judged by ita design, and is to be valued 
 
 by its result." 
 
 Disraeli, " Curiosities of Literature." 
 
 Preface, 1839. 
 
 housand 
 e of the 
 
 *'Ich weiss wohl," sagte Goethe, " dass es schwer ist, aber die 
 Auffassung und Darstellung des Besondeni ist auch das eigentliche 
 Leben der Kunst." Mitwoch den 29 October, 1823. 
 
 Gespriiche mit Goetiie in den letzen Jahren seines Lebens. 
 
 JOHANN PeTKR EcKERMAN. 
 
 [" I know well it is hard," said Goethe, "but the apprehension 
 and representation of what is special is also the real life of art."] 
 Wednesday, the 29th of October, iS23. 
 
 Conversations with Goethe in the last years of his life. 
 
 John Peter Eckerman. 
 
 ■Vw:.,. 
 
EAELY BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Six years ago, in 1886, I published a work on Caradian 
 Archaeology, in which I endeavoured to give a history of the 
 first printed books in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario. 
 There was no great difficulty witli regard to the former. 
 The subject had been closely studied for some years by men 
 of acknowledged attainments ; and, although not reduced to 
 form and system, and somewhat scattered, much vaKiable 
 information had been gathered. I was particularly indebted 
 to my accomplished friend, Abl)6 Yerreault, who threw open 
 to me the wealth of his lil)rary and the hospitality of his 
 home, the first of the many occasions which I have passed 
 in his society and of the men gathered about him. I may 
 mention especially the late Sheriff Chauveau, whom I con- 
 stantly met there, and Mr. Desmazures, a Saint Sulpician of 
 rare learning. In Ottawa, Mr. de Celles, of the Library, 
 aided me with his knowledge, and I was thus enabled to 
 bring together, in an accessible form, what information had 
 been ol)tained alxiut the early literary history of the province 
 of Quebec, It is conceded by all whose opinions are in any 
 way Avorthy of respect that the printing-press was unknown 
 in the French regime, and that the history of printing books 
 dates from the conquest. I have entered into this subject at 
 
len^^'th in the volume in question ; therefore, tliere is no 
 need for reference to it in tliis place. What is there related, 
 gathered from the knowledge of those who preceded me, is 
 admitted to l)e correct ; at least, I liave not heard that any 
 part of the narrative has heen impugned. 
 
 I did not experience the same good fortune in Ontario. 
 
 The suhject, I will venture the remark, had never received 
 
 even slight attention until I aj^p cached it, and consequently 
 
 my endeavour to obtain reliable information Avas not attended 
 
 with success. Those to whom I addressed mvself, who I 
 
 regarded as having knowledge concerning the hi>)liography 
 
 of Ontario, had not considered it from the aspect submitted 
 
 by me ; and although there was every desire to assist me, I 
 
 found few who were capable of doing so. Dr. Brymner gave 
 
 me whatever aid he was able, and Mr. Beverley Robinson, 
 
 then Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, made great exertions 
 
 to learn the titles of the first printed books. Mr. Roltinson 
 
 had during his government rendered excellent service in a 
 
 cognate branch of inquiry. "With great labour on his part 
 
 he was enal)led to obtain access to the original portraits of 
 
 the governors and the administrators of the former province 
 
 of Upper Canada, from its lirst establishment ; and the 
 
 liberality of the Legislature enabled liim to obtain copies of 
 
 what may be unhesitatingly pronounced to be authentic 
 
 portraits of the governors to the union of the province ; 
 
 except in the case of Governor Peter Hunter, of whom no 
 
 portrait can be found. It is to me astounding that so little 
 
 recognition has been made of the labours of ]\Ir. Beverley 
 
 Robinson, and also of his brother, Colonel Robinson, of the 
 
 imperial service, in thus bringing together this valuable 
 
 collection which the province possesses. Few even know of 
 
 the existence of these portraits ; certainly few have borne 
 
 testimony to the labour and perseverance with which Mr. 
 
 4r- 
 
Robinson followed out his plan until he had perfected the 
 collection to the fullest extent possible. It exacted a long and 
 often eniljurrassing correspondence with the family in whose 
 j)ossession the portrait was to be found. Access to it had to 
 be obtained, and copies made to be sent to Canada. Ontario 
 is singularly fortunate in possessing, in a connected series, 
 portraits of her governors from the earliest date : not fanci- 
 ful works of art, christened by auctioneers and dealers, but 
 of undoubted authenticity. 
 
 An acknowledgment must also be made to Sir Oliver Mowat 
 and the members of his Government, for their ready accept- 
 ance of Mr. Beverley Robinson's proposition, and for obtain- 
 ing from tne Legislature the material aid to carry it out. 
 It is a passage in Ontario political life of pleasant memory, 
 and reflects honour on the Legislature of that i)eriod, and on 
 all concerned. 
 
 The inrpnries, which at the time were continued with 
 some pertinacity, ended in the conclusion that the first 
 Ontario book, " out of the domain of Statute Law and the 
 Parliamentary Journals," was i)rinted in the year 1832 ; when 
 the History of the War of 1812, by David Thompson, 
 "Printed by T. Sewell, Printer, Book-binder and Stationer, 
 Market Square, Niagara, 1832," was published. The statement 
 remained uncontradicted until 1888, when public attention 
 was drawn to the sul)ject, and Mr. Gagnon, of Saint 
 Roch, Quebec, in a published letter gave the names of 
 several earlier volumes, some of which are in his posses- 
 sion, and he established by catalogues that other works were 
 known. A correspondence on this point took place in the 
 Toronto Mail, and some discussion was awakened. Since 
 that date Mr. Gagnon has continued his research, and Mr. 
 Bain, of the Toronto Library, has likewise made great exer- 
 tions to increase our knowledge on the subject. 
 
8 
 
 As much lias been learned since the publication of my 
 
 former volume, wliich, I will take upon myself to say, gave 
 
 the first im])etus to this inquiry, I consiiler that the time 
 
 has arrived when a suj)plemcntary chapter can be profitably 
 
 written, embodying the information which has been ol)tained. 
 
 I have accordingly methodized, in the form now presented, 
 
 the facts we now possess. I by no means claim them to be 
 
 final. I trust, however, within the limit enforced upon mc, 
 
 they will be found in the words of Juvenal to be 
 
 . remota 
 Erroris nebula . . . 
 
 Whatever the imperfections of the list now published, it 
 is certainly far in advance of the conclusions expressed in 
 the work of 1886. I have to acknowledge the courtesy of 
 those friend? who aided me in this inquiry, to whom I feel 
 under great obligation for comnninicating many of the 
 leading facts. 
 
 In my former work, I excepted publications bearing upon 
 statute law, journals of the legislature and pamphlets. I 
 puri)ose in this compilation to include every description of 
 printed book which will throw light on the social condition 
 of this early period. I cannot claim the record to be beyond 
 dispute. It is scarcely possible to attain this result even 
 with a far greater extent of labour and inquiry than I am 
 able to devote to the suliject. I trust, however, that I will 
 be enabled clearly to establish the continued progress made 
 in our political life, and to furnish my testimony to the 
 increased literary activity observable from the days of the 
 first lieutenant-governor. 
 
 At the time of the passage of the Canada Act, on the 1 4th 
 of March, 1791, constituting the two distinct provinces of 
 Upper and Lower Canada, Lord Dorchester was governor- 
 in-chief. He had held that position since 1786, having 
 
9 
 
 been named in succession to Haldinmnd. The latter left 
 Canada in 1784, the Government having been administered 
 in the intervening two years by Hamilton, and afterwards 
 by Hope. Dorchester remained in Canada until the 18th of 
 August, 1791, when Sir Alured Clarke was sworn in as 
 lieutenant-governor and commander-in-chief. On the 17th 
 of November of this year, Simcoe arrived at Quebec, bringing 
 witli him instructions restricting Clarke's ^<owers to Lower 
 Canada, with an official copy of the new act and instructions 
 to divide the province of Quebec into the newly-established 
 political divisions of Upper and Lower Canada. The pro- 
 clamation was accordingly issued declaring the division, 
 which took effect on the 26th of December, 1791. Simcoe 
 remained the Avinter at 'Quebec, and it was not until the 
 summer of 1792 he reached Upper Canada. On the 16th 
 of July he issued a i)roclamati()n, in which he esta])lished 
 the electoral divisions for which representatives sliould be 
 returned. 
 
 The members chosen for these electoral di.^tricts forming 
 the first legislature of Ujipjir Canada met at Newark 
 [Niagara] on ^Monday, the 17th of Sei)tember, 1792. Accord- 
 ing to the official reports of that meeting, it was on that 
 day that Simcoe made his opening si)eech, which inaugurated 
 the working of the constitution in Ui)per Canada. A copy 
 of this speech, with the replies of the Legislative Council 
 and of the House of Assem])ly, with Simcoe's speech on the 
 prorogation of Wednesday, the 15th of October, has been 
 preserved. I have not heard of there being a second copy. 
 If thip sheet be genuine, it is the earliest example of jjolitical 
 printing in Ontario. Iiut doubts have been strongly ex- 
 pressed on this i)oint ])y those capable of judging ; and it 
 has been supposed that the sheet in question is a reprint of 
 a later date ; at what time it cannot even l)e surmised. 
 
10 
 
 There is an extraordinary mistake in this i)aper. The 
 official CO})}' of the proceedings of the House mniiistakaWy 
 establish that Sinicoe's speech was delivered on ^Monday, the 
 17th of 8ei)tenil)or, Avhereas the date given in tliis sheet is 
 Tuesday, the 18th of Soptoniher. Xo printer's name is 
 attached. By a strange ( ucidence, Gourlay, when alluding 
 to this speech, mentions the date of its delivery similarly to 
 that as it appears on the sheet, and the printed italic lines are 
 identical in the two. Arguing that we are dealing with a 
 reprint, the query is j)ertinent : Did Ciourlay follow the 
 reprint, or the reprint Gourlay? Moreover, the type of the 
 sheet has been pronounced as not Ijeing that of a font in use 
 in Niagara at the time. 
 
 There is a minor fact in connection Avith this proceeding. 
 On the 29th of Xovember, 1792, 8imcoe transmits to King, 
 the Under-Secretary of State, an " authentic " copy of the 
 sj)eech delivered at the jn'orogation on the 15th of October, 
 1792. [Can. Arch., (,). 279, I., p. 217.;^ The letter consists 
 of only a few lines, and explains that this course has been 
 taken owing to the first copy sent having been inaccurate. 
 The sheet itself is undo\d)tedly official in character : it is 
 not an utter impos'==il)iIity that it Avas printed to be included 
 in Simcoe's letter of the 29th of Xovend)er. Xo occasion 
 suggests itself why a reprint should have l)een made at any 
 time. The error of date which cscajjed observation could 
 have crept in at an early, as at a later period. The same 
 remark is aj)plicable to the introduction of italics. It is 
 likewise worthy of notice that only one co])y of tliis pai)er is 
 known, and that its pedigree is traceal)le to the descendants 
 of Mr. Powell, sul)sequently Clerk of the House. I do not 
 feel myself called upon to do more than to state the facts as 
 1 have heard them narrated. I venture, however, to exin'ess 
 the ojiinion, that it could not l)e a reprint from Oourlay, 
 
11 
 
 ])Ocaiise that volume* gives only the speeches of Simcoe on 
 opening and proroguing the legislature, and not the address in 
 answer to the speech, either of the legislative council, or of 
 the house of assembly ; whereas, both are reported in the 
 paper in question. 
 
 The authenticity of this sheet to some extent includes the 
 inquiry whether at this date a printing press was in operation 
 at Xewark. Louis Roy was the printer of the first paper in 
 Ontario, ^^The Upper Canada Gazette or American Oracle,* l^^'^^ 
 Avhich appeared on the 13th of April, 1793. This paper 
 continued to be printed at Xiagara until August, 1798. It 
 appeared in York [Toronto] the following October. Whether 
 Roy's undertaking was the result of his own enterprise, or 
 was commenced through the intervention of Simcoe, it iy 
 not easy positively to determine. It is not unreasonable to 
 suppose that to some extent it owed it? origin to Simcoe, 
 who had passed the preceding winter at Quebec. On the 
 16th of July, 1792, Simcoe issued his proclamation dividing 
 the province into electoral districts, which, doubtless, was 
 printed, and has been preserved to posterity l)y having been 
 included in the statutes of 1831, of Hugh C. Thompson and 
 James Macfarlane. The belief has been expressed that the 
 document M'as i)repared at Quel)ec previous to Simcoe's 
 ascent of the Saint Lawrence ; and it is a reasonal )le sup- 
 position that Simcoe furnished sufficient inducements for a 
 printer to establish himself at the new seat of government, 
 when, as Governor, he entered upon his duties. In judging 
 the genuineness of the sheet in ([uestion, it must also be 
 borne in mind that it was lu'inted, if contem})(»rary, six 
 months previous to the estalJishment of Roy's i)ap('V : a fact 
 
 " .statistical Account of Upper Canada, compiled with a View 
 to a Grand System of Emigration." 
 
 Robert Gourlay. London, 1822. Vol. II. p. 110. 
 
12 
 
 wliich may explain tlie ditference of type that has heeii 
 pointed out.* 
 
 Very little is known of the early journals of the House of 
 Assenihly, and the opinion pre? vails that they were not 
 regularly ])rinted until 1820 or 1821. The first i)rinted copy 
 in the Parlianientarv Library is that of the session of 1821. 
 The jiultlication of the journals of the House, so far as is 
 known, did not take place until 1801, when £300 [$1200] 
 was ^'ranted for printing the acts and journals [1st Session, 
 3rd rarlianient]. 
 
 The title of this volume was : — 
 
 "Journal | of the | House of Assembly | of j Upper 
 Canada j From the twenty-eighth of ]\ray to the ninth of 
 July, 1801 I both days inclusive | In the fort}' -first year of 
 the reign of | King George the Third [ Being the first Session 
 of the Third Provincial I'arliament of this | Province | York, 
 
 * In >Sal)iii"s " Bibliothera Americana," Vol. XIX., p. o6S, the 
 following notice is taken of Sinicoe's speech : — 
 
 " SiMcoK. .Speech of John Graves Simcoe, Es([. * * Nigara 
 [.s/f]. I'l-inteil 170(3. 8vo. Also, Siieech * * Printed in Upper 
 Canada l)y Louis Roy, 1793. 8vo. These two titles are taken from 
 u l)ookseller's catalogue." 
 
 Roy did not remain more than some months in Upper Canada. 
 The first number of the Upper Canada Gazette, printed by him in 
 Niagara, appeared on the 18th April, 1793. There is ground for 
 the opinion that he took part in the establislnnent of the Montreal 
 Gazette, the first number of which was published on the 3rd of 
 August, 1795. It is not known when Roy left Niagara. 
 
 One of the earliest examples of political printing is in the posses- 
 sion of Mr. Bain, Toronto: "Proclamation on the Settlement of 
 Lands." Reprinted at Newark by " G. Tiffany, 1795." 
 
13 
 
 Upper Canada : Printed by order of the House of Assembly, 
 by John Bennett | Printer to the King's most excellent 
 Majesty | 1801." 4to. pp. viii., and 66pp. 
 
 If the journals of 1802 and 1803 were printed, no copies 
 are extant. In the 4tli Session, 1804, the Act was repealed, 
 £80 out of the £300 being appropriated for the statutes. 
 In 1806, the proceedings in the second Session of the 4th 
 Parliament were published, in 8vo, 34pp. 
 
 I Ijclieve it may be assumed that the journals were 
 printed until 1806. After that year they were discontinued, 
 owing to the expense ; such being the cause assigned in a 
 dospatcli uf Lieutenant-Governor Gore to the Honourable 
 William AVnidham. They were certainly printed in 1821, 
 whetlier previously to that duce cannot be stated. The 
 impression, however, prevails that the printed journals were 
 only resumed at that date. Xo copies are known for the 
 years 1822, 1823 and 1824, after whicli time they are regu- 
 larly continued. 
 
 The al)ove account may not be considered very satisfac- 
 tory, but it is all that is known. Mr. Bain, of the Toronto 
 Library, who has bestowed much careful consideration to 
 the sul)ject, may be regarded as an authority for the know- 
 ledge we possess. I have to acknowledge his valuable 
 assistance in the compilation I have made. I may thus, 
 claim to havj gathered all the information obtainable; it 
 must remain in its present condition, until supplemented by 
 others who are better informed. 
 
 Thus it may be said there are no printed copies of the 
 journals of the Legislature of the old province of Upper 
 Canada to be found previous to 1825. The few scattered 
 odJ numbers which remain are in the hands of book 
 collectors. The journals themselves are in MS. in the 
 Parliamentary Library, having been obtained from the 
 
 i 
 
14 
 
 Colonial r)ffice. Some years, however, are absent, but tliey 
 are to be found elsewhere in the Dominion. 
 
 This is liardly tlie condition in which we should find the 
 journals of the first parliaments of the wealthy province of 
 Ontario. I venture, therefore, to l)ring the subject to the 
 attention of Sir (Jliver Mowat and his ministry, so that they 
 can consider the wisdom of having them copied and printed. 
 Sir Oliver ^Nlowat, himself a man of letters, will not, I am 
 sure, fail to see the force of this recommendation. His govern- 
 ment has always acted as the i)atron of literature and art in 
 striking and honourable contrast to the Dominion govern- 
 ment, which pertinaciously frowns down and discourages all 
 literary labour, except that of the enforced duty of assuring 
 their c atinuance in power. 
 
 " See the players well bestowed " says Hamlet to Polonius. 
 " Do you hear, let them be well used, for they are the 
 abstract and brief chronicles of the time : after your death 
 you were Ijetter have a bad epitaph than ill report while you 
 live." Those who turn the deaf ear of ignorant inditference 
 to the claims of honest literature Avould do well to ponder 
 over these words. It is a time when false reputations are on 
 one side swept away, on the other when merit obtains sure, 
 if slow, recognition. It is an age of intelligence to call forth 
 a nemesis for all neglect of duty ; and however great the 
 temporary success conferred by power, the hour is certain, 
 early or late, when every prominent career M'ill l)e fairly 
 judged. Those who have lived on purchased praise will 
 hereafter take their true place in history, be it good or bad, 
 according to their deserts. 
 
 Sir Oliver Mowat* has shewn broad and generous views in 
 
 * The honour which Sir Oliver Mowat received from the hand 
 of the Queen on the observance of her last birthday, has led to 
 some strange comment. In my poor judgment, the acceptance 
 
15 
 
 liis vecot^niition of the claims of literature and art. His support 
 of ^Ir. ]>everley Robinson in his endeavour to bring t\)gether 
 the vahial)le gallery of the portraits of the governor.', of 
 Ontario, tan never be forgotten, for tlie portraits will remain 
 for all time. 
 
 In the humble vie x of the writer, these journals should 
 ])C co})icd and printed. They would not make al)Ove four 
 volumes of 500pp., and the co.st would not exceed some sum 
 between 8-i,000 to $6,000. There is no neeessity for a large 
 edition ; five hundred copies Avould be sufficient for the 
 legislature and the public libraries, with a certain num))er 
 ollered for private sale at the cost of paper and printing. 
 
 It requires no argument to sustain the view that the 
 documentary history of the country is incomplete until these 
 journals are made accessible. There is much which can still 
 be learned from them. They form the early record of our 
 first political being, and to the student there is much that 
 may be read w4th profit. 
 
 It is not on the ground of obtaining symmetry in the list 
 of public documents availal)le to research, that this course is 
 advocated, Vmt from tlie feeling of the public utility which 
 will be derived by its adoption. 
 
 of such a distinction is purely a matter which .incerns the recipient 
 alone. It is for him to determine wliether his circumstances, his 
 antecedents, his sentiments, justify its acceptance. The doctrijiaire 
 opinion, which ignores this feeUng, is, as Pope tells us, " but leather 
 or prunella. Those who, with myself, sympathise with Sir 
 Oliver's devotion to the great British Empire, and remember liis 
 useful and honouralile life, have given him their warmest uncon- 
 ditional congratulations, with the hope lie will long live to enjoy 
 the distinction. It will be the historian's duty to r. rd of him: 
 " he did love hia country ; it honoured him." 
 
16 
 
 There is ground for belief that the Statutes were reguhirly 
 jtrinted year ))y year from 1792, althougli l)ut ffw of the 
 early statutes are in existence. The only yearly volumes 
 known to he jn-eserved are in the Toronto Lilmiry, viz., 
 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801. The fact of the early annual 
 publication is (!stahlished by the following advertisement, 
 whicli appears in the Upper Canada Gazette, \u\. 111., No. 3, 
 9th November, 1796: — "Just received and ready to be 
 delivered, 'The Laws of the 5th Session,' with a talile of 
 contents to the whole volumes complete." The first con- 
 solidation of the statutes, according to the title page, was 
 made in 1802. It is a question if the date was a misprint, 
 for the volume includes the Acts of the Sessions of 1803- 
 1804. It .is probable tliat the later statutes may have been 
 subserpu'ntly published as a continuation of the volume, and 
 issued as a supplement. The volume is a small 4to. The 
 title :— 
 
 "The 1 Statutes | of Ilis ^lajesty's Province of \ Upper 
 Canada | enacted by the King^s Most Excellent Majesty by 
 und with the consent of the | Legislative Council and 
 Assembly of the said Province, constituted and assembled 
 by virtue | of and under the authority of an Act of Parlia- 
 ment of Great Britain, &c., &c., York | Printed under the 
 authority and by command of Ilis Excellency Peter j Hunter, 
 Esquire, Lieutenant Governor of the Province of Tapper 
 Canada, and Lieutenant iTcneral commanding His ^Majesty's 
 forces in L^pper and Lower | Canada, By John Bennett, 
 Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty [ 1802."' 
 
 The Upper Canadian Acts are preceded by several Imperial 
 Acts, An index closes the volume. Mr. Bain, to whom 1 
 am indebted for this information, points out that throughout 
 the heading of the volume the "Fourth Session of the 
 Fourth Parliament" is printed instead of "Third Parlia- 
 
ment. 
 
 A correction of this mistake is iiiiulc in the 
 
 " Errata." 
 
 A .second consoUdation was nuide in 1811, pul dished at 
 '• York, Upper Canada." Printed by Jolm Cameron . . . 
 ISll. A large -ito. 
 
 The third consolidation was carried out in 1818 : "The | 
 Provincial statutes of | Upper Canada j revised corrected 
 and r<^published j by | authority | yaniucl Smith Ksquire 
 administrator | York printed by K. C. Home 1818." Small 
 4 to. 
 
 Tliis volume, although bearing the date 1S18, contains 
 the statutes of 1819. 
 
 A complete edition of tlie statutes compiled by Nickall* 
 was published at Kingston in 1831, containing all public 
 acts from 1791 to 18131. 
 
 In 1843 an edition was published at Torcmto by Stanton, 
 wliich contained all the acts passed by the Upper Canada 
 Legislature. It consisted of two volumes : Vol. I., the 
 public acts from 1702 to 1840; Vol. IL, the local and 
 private acts from 1822 to 1839. 
 
 In 1794 an adverti .ment appeared in the Upper Canada 
 Uarj'tte announcing the publication of an almanac for 1795. 
 Xo copy is known. 
 
 It is a questiiin if it ever appeared. Tiie fact is suggested 
 by the jniblication of the following advertisement in the 
 same paper. Vol. III., N9. 6. 30th November, 1796 : 
 " Now jireparing, and in a f(!W days will be committed to 
 
 B 
 
\i 
 
 18 
 
 tlu jn'oss, 'Tile Upper Caiifulii Culoiuljir for tlie year 1797. 
 boin<? a Vockot Aliiiivnack, containing, l)Osi(les astronomical 
 calculations, lists of tlio, Logislativc, KxcH'Utive and Military 
 ( )ffici*rs, times and places of holdinj^ Courts, etc. IJiing the 
 fii'd work oj the kiTui rv r aftc.mpttui in this province, (nic.) 
 The ])ultlihlier most resju ctfull_y solicits the assist;ince of 
 every <,'entl( man who possesses the means of promoting the 
 design, by furnishing him with articles proi)erly arranged 
 (an<l) such particulars as may be in their powi^r." 
 
 JS'o copy of this almanac has come down to ns, and the 
 number of years it was continn(>d is, likewise, a matter of 
 uncertainty. 
 
 It is a eurious fact, considering the small population of 
 UiJjier Canada at that time, that there should have l)een rival 
 almanacs for the year 1802. ( )ne was published at Niagara, 
 by Tiiiany, one at York, ])y IJcnnett. The former is thus 
 advertised, in its way a curiosity : — 
 
 "Tillany's Upper Canada Almanack for the year 1802, 
 and from the creation, according to the Scriptures, .^)764. 
 Being the sixth after bissextile, or leap year, calculated for 
 the meridian of Niagara, etc. Niagara : Pu])lishe(l l)y 
 Sylvester Tilfany, and sold liy hiui nt the Herald otHce, by 
 the merchants in town, also at York, Kingston, I)(>troit, 
 Queenstown, Chippewa, and Fort Erie. Said Tilfany 
 publislies every Saturday a newspaper entitled the Herald. 
 Subscriptions are received for it in all th(^ principal towns of 
 the province." 
 
 Two copies of this publication have Ijeen preserved, one in 
 the possession of ^fr. (Sagiion, of <^>uebec, one l)elongiug to 
 Mr. Bain. 
 
 This almanac furnishes the names of the olHcials, with a 
 list of the Sessions of the Law Courts. AV(? may there 
 read some sonunvbat tame anecdotes with sever;d receipts, 
 
19 
 
 t^uoli as how to prn.servo fruit, to })ickle cabbago, to make 
 currant wine, etc. Its cheval <Je hafaille, liowevor, was, that 
 it was a weatlior ahuanac, and otioriMl, in tlu; must approved 
 fashion, the advice weatlier-proi^iets give in modern times : 
 "clear and pleasant," "now look out for a storm," "snow," 
 " a few days of blustering weather, look well to your cattle," 
 " line growing weather," " look out for a long wet season," 
 "tliundcr and rain," and so on. The writer, however, does 
 nut i)lead infalli])ility, and asks for fcjrgiveness if the informa- 
 tion prove " erroneous," and that " careful observers " will 
 " throw over the error the excess of that charity of which 
 their generous souls are composed." 
 
 There is another effort on the part of the compiler ; he 
 undertakes to warn his readers against the diseases incident 
 to humanity, by the passage of the moon in the heavens. To 
 this day we find on the covers of many advertising almanacs 
 of quack medicines, the figure of a man erect, tlie different 
 parts of whose body are referred to the signs of the Zodiac. 
 A l)elief in astrology continues to identify the moon's path 
 as threatening humanity with diseases in certain directions ; 
 thus, when the moon is in Aries there is always danger of 
 convulsions, bad eyes, weak knees, etc.* In the almanac 
 
 * Diseases of the Moon. 
 
 Moon in Aries signifies convulsions, defliixions of rheum from the 
 head, lethargy, weakness in the eyes and pains in the knees. 
 
 Moon in Taurus produces pains in the legs and feet, swellings, 
 stoppage, sore throat, etc. 
 
 Moon in Gemini denotes a wandering gout in the legs, arms, 
 hands and feet ; surfeits and great ol>structions. 
 
 Moon in Cancer shews the stomach much afflicted, a surfeit, 
 sinull-pox, convulsions, falling sickness, tympany, or dropsy. 
 
 Moon in Leo, the heart afflicted, sore throat, quinsy, king's evil, etc. 
 
 Moon in Vinjo signifies great pain and disorders in the bowels, 
 melancholy blood, obstructions, weakness in the arms and shoulders. 
 
20 
 
 the i)assaf,'e of the moon is not set forth by the sij^'ns of the 
 Zodiac, but hy tlie parts of tlie liunian frame liable to suffer 
 at certain periods from lunar intiuence. The use of this 
 l)hraseology ccmveys the oitinion tliat Itelief in astroloj^ry then 
 prevailed, and that the lanj^uage was fitted for a market 
 ready to accent it. 
 
 I am sorr}' to say that I have been unalde to obtain 
 reference to the Upper Canada Almanac of 1802, c»f 
 Bennett, the (lovernment Printer, at York [Toronto]. A 
 copy, however, is known to be in existence. 
 
 In 1823 Mr. Fothergill commenced the publication of a 
 York Almanac and Koyal Calendar of Upper Canada, 12mo., 
 160 p})., which was continued during 1824, 1825, 182G, 
 increasing its size to 196[)p., containing likewise un addi- 
 tional 100pp. of chronological detail," indepc:idently num- 
 bered, suggesting that it was a distinct iniblication and sold 
 separately. 
 
 1 have alluded (Archoeology, }>. 77) to ^fr. Fothergill's 
 
 Moon in Libra denotes the reins are distempered, obstructions in 
 the stomach, weakness in the back, whites in women, surfeits, 
 pleurisy, etc. 
 
 Moon in Scorpio shews the distemper is in the secrets, small-pox, 
 dropsy, poison, the heart ati'.icted, swoonings, etc. 
 
 Moon in Scujittarius imports lameness or weakness m the thighs, 
 distempers in the bowels, etc. 
 
 Moon in Capricorn signifies the stone, weak^back, gout in the 
 knees, whites in women, etc. 
 
 Moon in Aquariua signifies hysterics, swellings and pains in the 
 legs and secret parts. 
 
 Moon in Pinceti shews cold taken in the feet and body disordered 
 thereby ; swellings in the legs, dropsies, and the body overcharged 
 with moist humours. 
 
 [Grammar of Astrology, containing all things necessary calculat- 
 ing a nativity * * * by Zadkiel. Dedicated to the University 
 of Cambrid'je! London, 1849 [pp. 177-8.] 
 
21 
 
 (lisinis.sil fn»iu liis position as Quooii's Printer in 1825 ])y 
 Sir Pcrcj^a'ino Miiitlantl. As a nioniber of the House, Mr. 
 Fotlierj^'ill had claimed that information concerning the post- 
 ofhce revenue sliould he su1)mitted. He liad otherwise 
 shewn some lil)eral views, a proceedini,' (Ui his part which 
 su^'^'ested to the authorities he was an untit person to hold 
 any ]»uhHc ottice. 
 
 The idmanac of Mr. Lyon Mackenzie first appeared in 
 1S:}0. No. II. remains preserved ; its tith> is " Poor 
 Richard, or the Yorkshire Almanack for the Year of our 
 Lord 1S31." IJy Patrick Swift, York. Print.'d at the office 
 of tlie Colonial Advocate ])\ AYilliam Lyon Mackenzie ; pp. 
 IG, 8vo. 
 
 There is no precise kn(nvledge of the numher of almanacs 
 |nil)lislied l)y ^Nlr. Lyc^n ^lackeiizie. IJy general consent 1834 
 is (Minsidered to he tlie latest date : on tliis theory five were 
 isued [1830-1834]. I have l)een unable to refer to the 
 cn])v mentioned hv me. 
 
 I have given in the volume of 1886 the history of the 
 estahlishment of tlie Arcliive office. The collection of 
 original (hxnnnents, since this date, lias been continued with 
 regularity and Avitli remarkable energy. In tlie twenty 
 years which have elapsed since its foundation, the issue of 
 the annual rei)orts has been uninterrupted. They contain 
 the authenticated narrative of events which, it may safely 
 be said, will nmcli modifv, and in maiiv cases, will entirelv 
 change the published opinions that have hitherto passed 
 
22 
 
 li I 
 
 for history. Nowhere are tlicsc reports more «(»uglit for 
 tlian in the United States. Tliere is not a lihrary, or an 
 histfi' al society worthy ^he name in tlie repuldie, which 
 does not possess them. There is no historical writer of 
 reputation wlio liesitates to accejjt them as auth(»rity. Dr. 
 Brymner's inihistry lias been remarkable, and it is best 
 known to those who have been busie»l in tlu.'se investiga- 
 tions. The sustained power apparent in these reports year 
 after year has added to the reputation of the jjrovince with 
 those who believe that there is something higher in life than 
 material success and mere temporary political notoriety. 
 
 The first report ajjpeared in 1872 by Dr. JJrymner. 
 " second '* " " 1873 '' '* 
 
 " third) " " " 1874 by Abbe Verreault. 
 
 The Abbe at this date was deputed to make examinations, 
 in the first place in London, afterwards at Lille, Liege and 
 Metz, finally at Paris. The three above named re})orts are 
 included in the general re})orts of the ^linister of Agriculture 
 and must there be sought for. 
 
 The succeeding five years were passed in classifying, 
 arranging and calendaring to some extent the records and 
 documents which form the wealth of the department, and 
 generally in systematizing for reference the books and ]>apers. 
 I must refer my reader to the description of the department 
 made by me in my previous vf»lume. The series of inde- 
 pendent reports commenced in 1881. The first of this issue 
 was confined to a specification of what had then been 
 obtained and metho<lized. Li 1882 some returns of 1791 
 were imblished concerning shipping and exports and im})orts. 
 In 1883 the publication of original documents was com- 
 menced. In 1884 the calendar of the Haldimand collection 
 first appeared, Avliich i)apers, including the Bouquet papers 
 and the Haldimand diary, Avere continued until 1889, 
 
f ( 
 
 23 
 
 inclusive. This calendar, ■which is unusually full, alone fills 
 three large volumes. Durin<,' the last two years the calendar 
 of the State i)apers since the conciuest, attectin<^ British 
 Canada, has heen commenced ; those of Upper Canada 
 having been begun in the report of 1891. 
 
 Even 80 far as these publicntions extend, they furnish 
 several important volumes of acknowledged value. 
 
 There can be little doubt with regard to the benefit con- 
 ferred on the stutly of the history of the continent by the 
 establishment of the archive l)ranch. If truth is to be the 
 guiding princi[)le in any narrative, access to tlu; documentary 
 evidence affecting it is indispensable. Until the carefully- 
 made transcripts of the imperial record ofHce were oi)en to 
 investigation in Ottawa, they might be regarded as so many 
 sealed volumes; such was the difficulty of obtaining access to 
 them. The fact may be recognized in the iuiml)er of 
 investigators from the United States, who have patiently 
 examined these papers, with a view of penetrating to the 
 sources of events bearing upon the difft^rent periods they 
 were studying. A multipliecl amount of data can be found 
 referring to the northern states of the Union, extending 
 from the seaboard to the Mississii)pi. The consequence has 
 been that the office has in the United States acfjuired a 
 good name for its value and usefulness, -which forms the 
 highest tribute to the wisdom of its establishment. 
 
 The several MS. volumes of transcripts from imperial 
 documents may be briefly descril)ed. 
 
 The liouquet papers of 34 volumes. Bouquet's services 
 in the Indian wars of 1 763 are now commencing to be better 
 known and appreciated. 
 
 The Haldimand papers of 232 volumes. Haldimand Avas 
 governor of Canada from 1778 to 1784; a born collector, 
 
24 
 
 he lui-s retained for us much information whicli other- 
 wise wonltl entirely liave i)asse(l away. 
 
 Many vohinies of State papers [1755-1760] inchuling the 
 military correspondence. 
 
 Tlie kState papers hearing upon tlie new Province of 
 Canada continued to the Canada Act in 1791. After that 
 date tliere is a division l)etween tliose of Up[)er and Lower 
 Canada; accordingly, they form two distinct series, and are in 
 process of l)eing so calendared. According to the report of 
 1891, those oi Lower Canada liave heen calendared to 1800; 
 those of Upper Canada to 1801. 
 
 jNIany volumes of military correspondence are open to 
 reference. They were originally collected in Canada with 
 the design of heing transmitted to the Home War Office. 
 They have, however, heen permitted to Ije retained in 
 Canada. This important collection, Avhich covers a period of 
 nearly ninety years, consists of a large number of volumes. 
 All are indexed, so reference to any subject can be imme- 
 diate. 
 
 In addition to the above described ]MS. volumes, a staff of 
 copyists is at present engaged in Paris making selected 
 extracts from the records, commencing from the middle of 
 the seventeenth century : several volumes of these excerpts 
 have been received. 
 
 There is a series consisting of several volumes of warrants, 
 shewing the amounts })aid to officials and others, with the 
 vouchers of the various payments nuide by the Lake-j\Lu'ine 
 and other departments from 1784 to about 1811. 
 
 Independently of this official correspondence, the Imuich 
 possesses an extensive collection of family papers, in several 
 instances of those who in their lives were persons of promi- 
 nence, containing important official and private correspond- 
 ence. These letters throw nuich light on contemporary 
 
25 
 
 hic'li other- 
 
 events, and often explain the secret working of much, 
 otlierwise dilticult to be understood. Tliey are of great value 
 to th(? writer of history, and cannot fail to he consulted by 
 every student. They are perfectly arranged, so that they 
 are in every respect accessible, and are thus of essential 
 service to any one investigating tlie period to which they 
 relate. 
 
 In connection with these ]\rS. volumes, there is a large 
 collection of printed books bearing upon the history of the 
 dominion. They consist of the official volumes issued by 
 the mother country and the several states of the Union. 
 The history oi Canada, and of all the Xorthern States to 
 the Mississipjii, is so much interwoven as on many points to 
 l)e almost one and the same ; consequently, the documents 
 enumerated by me are of equally recognized importance 
 witliout the province. Access can also be had to the 
 colleetion of puljlished volumes which appeared at the time, 
 or immediately after the events narrated. It is true that 
 they are not all gospel: many are the production of passionate 
 sentim<'nt in one (n* the other direction ; many are stamped 
 Ijy what Jean l]a})tiste Biot^ called that " geographical 
 selfislmcss, patriotism"; many uncertain in their information; 
 many hard reading. 
 
 But with all their faults no historical library can l)e held 
 to be complete without them. It is of great im})ortance 
 that these volumes should be accessible at the time when 
 the MSS. are being consulted. Possiljle reference to them 
 by the skilled investigator, engag(!d in the study of tlie 
 original calendared documents, is of immense value. They 
 ^o verv far to aid what should l)e the first dutv of every 
 
 * The eminent French natural philosopher; whose researches as 
 to the polarization of light in 18-40 gained for Iiim the Rumfortl 
 medal of the Royal Society. 
 

 26 
 
 mean in liis private life equally with his duty as a public 
 writer ; the estal^lishiiient of truth. 
 
 Dr. Bryniuer lias paid ])articular attention to the collection 
 of pani]»hlets,* the collection consisting of very many volumes 
 of consideral.)le value. 
 
 I do not think it an exaggeration when I add that the 
 establishment of the Canadian Archivi^ otHce in Ottawa has 
 given a stnjng impetus to historical studies throughout the 
 whole continent, extending to the gulf of ^Mexico and west 
 of the ]\Iississi[)[)i. Historical societies not ]>reviously exist- 
 ent have been established, and those which were hitherto 
 the most active have received an increased inqudse to their 
 usefulness. There is one point on which I may dwell : the 
 perfect fidelity with which all the original documents of the 
 Canadian iVrchive office are transcribed, and the strict 
 adheren to the text. On the other hand, contcm[)orary 
 printed ' loks, however adverse to the good name of Canada 
 
 * The despised pamphlet has of late years risen somewhat in 
 estimation. E\ eiyone who has connuercially had tlie misfortune 
 to pnl)lish a pampldet knows Ity experience that they never sell : 
 they prove an invariable loss to the writer. But they have this 
 advantage, they relate an event in its true character ; and however 
 painful of remembrance to the ccmteniptihle perpetrator of a 
 wrong, it is a record out of which, whatever liis cunning and false- 
 hood, he cannot writhe or wriggle. The State Historical Society 
 of Wisconsin, which has collected 1 00,000 volumes, in a late appeal 
 for continued aid, thus remarks on the importance of contributing 
 pam])hlets of every kind :— " K])hemeral in form of publication and 
 c(Mnmonly thought not worthy of preservation, pampldets are often 
 ditiicult to collect a short time after issue. They reflect the spirit 
 and sentiments of the age, however, better than elaborate treatises 
 and are indispensable treasures in a good reference library, where 
 historians, Inographers, statisticians and men of letters in general, 
 naturally look for evei'ything, no matter how apparently trivial, 
 that may shed light on the sul>jects of their investigation."' 
 
27 
 
 and its institutions, are kept for reference, to sheAV the 
 difference of view in that, and other respects. 
 
 I will venture to speak of a recpiirenient, generally admitted: 
 the necessity of a })roper fire-proof building where these 
 costly documents should l)e preserved, and, at the same time, 
 the requirements of historical students he considered. Many 
 of these gentlemen come from the United States. Any 
 natif)nal pride we may feel in the fact that the Archives are 
 sought for reference hy the puhlic writers of the republic, is 
 certainly not heightened by seeing them engaged in the small 
 and not too convenient room where their labours have to be 
 conducted, and where, when more than three or four are 
 gathered together, one is reminded of the narrative of 
 the pursuit of knowledge inider difficulties. Perhaps some 
 lay Ave may again meet in the executive a reawakening 
 of the feeling that led to the estal)lishment of the institu- 
 tion, and which may dictate the construction of a 
 proper building, efficiently adapted to its uses in all respects. 
 
 For the }>resent, however, we can only say with Cicero, 
 ^' spei'enins qiua volumus" ; adding what his philosophy also 
 teaches us, ^^ sed qme accidcrint feraimisy * 
 
 The first printed i)am}»hlet in Ontario, so far as is known, 
 appeared during the war of 1812-14. 
 
 1. [18U]. "A Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving to 
 Almighty (lod to be used on Friday, the Third Day of 
 June, 1814, being the day api)ointed by Proclamation for a 
 (General Thanksgiving to .Vlmighty (lod, To acknowledge 
 the great (loodness and Mercy of Almighty (lod, who in 
 addition to the manifold and inestimable Benefits which we 
 have received at His Hands has continued to us His Pro- 
 
 * Let us hope for that which we desire, but let us bear what falls 
 to our lot. 
 
'•l. 
 
 98 
 
 taction and Assistance; in tlio War in wliicli we aro now 
 on<fa<;('(l, and lias <fivon to the Arms of His ^Fujesty and to 
 tliose of His iVllics a Series of Si<i[nal and Glorions Victories 
 over the Forces of tlie Enemy." Kinj^ston. Printed hy 
 Stej.h.Mi :\riles ; pp. 14., 12o. 1814. 
 
 One of the; earliest Ijooks printed in the province of 
 Ontario is a i)am}>hlet known hy an advertisement in the 
 Quebec Ga::<'lte of the 12th of Xovember, 1818. It is 
 Ix'lieved that no copy of it can be found. The author was 
 Ko])ert ( lourlay, to whose unfortunate career I have alluded in 
 "Canadian Archieolo<j;y" [[)}). 84-8")]. The treatment which 
 Gourlay received is a painful passa<i,e in Upper Canadian 
 historv. 
 
 2. [1818]. For sale at this olHce, price Is. " Frinciples 
 iind pritceedings of the inhabitants of the District of Niai^ara 
 for addres.iing His Koyal Highness the l^rince Ke<fent, 
 respecting;' claims of suilerers in the late War, Lands to 
 !Militia men, and the general l)enefit of Ui)j)er Canada. 
 Printed at the Niaf/ara Spectator Office, 1818." 
 
 o. [1 S 1 8]. " Proceedings at a meeting of the inhabitants 
 of the Townships of lIo[)e and Hamilton, in the district of 
 IS'ewcastle, U.C/., held agreeable to notice from Robert 
 Gourlay." York, U.C. Printed by K. C. Home. 1818. 
 
 A coity of this extremely rare work is in the Toronto 
 Ijibrary ; from what 1 learn, it may ])e considered to ])e 
 nniijue. 
 
 The following l)ooks were published at the dates named: — 
 
 4. [1822]. "An | Address | to the | liege men | of 
 every j Pritish Colony | and | i)rovince | in the world | by 
 a friend to his species. Kingston; | Printed at the Herald 
 Ollice, I 1822." 12mo. 
 
 This i)am})hlet is in verse, auil consists of 13pp. It is in 
 the possession of iMr. Gagnon. 
 
29 
 
 ' arc now 
 ity iind to 
 i A^ictorios 
 riiited l>y 
 
 Dvince of 
 it ill tlie 
 8. It is 
 itlior was 
 illiuled in 
 silt wliich 
 Canadian 
 
 'rineiplos 
 F Xiai^'ara 
 
 Kegont, 
 Lands to 
 
 Canada. 
 
 ial)itants 
 isti'ict of 
 K()l)ort 
 1818. 
 Toi'oiitt) 
 d to ])e 
 
 uiumI: — 
 
 ion I of 
 
 rid I ])v 
 
 Hemhl 
 
 It is 
 
 ? in 
 
 Mr. Kdward Allen Tall)ot, in his work, " Five years 
 n'si(lenc(! in Canada," London, 1824, Vol. II., p. 192, makes 
 UH'iition of the followinj,' work. I cannot learn that a copy 
 has lieeii preserved : it, however, forms the second part of 
 the ahnanac for 1822. 
 
 5. [1822]. "A Sketcli of the in-esent state of Canada. 
 York, Upper Canada, 1822." By iMr. Foth(>r-ill. 
 
 I have previously alluded to this ^'enth'man's removal, in 
 182."), from the olHee of (^^ueen's printer, which lie held. 
 
 G. [1822]. "Sermon and Catechism for Children.'* 
 Vtivk. Printed by d. Carey, 1822 ; pp. 16., 12iiu). 
 
 7. [1823]. "Constitution of the Antient Fraternity of 
 Free and ^Vccepted Masons, l^irt the second, containing 
 the ('liar«^('s, regulations, etc. Puhlished l)y the authority of 
 the I'nited Grand Lodge, hy "William Williams, Ks(|. First 
 Canadian edition. Repul)lished by order of the Provincial 
 (hand Lodge of Upper Canada. Kingston, 1823." 8vo. 
 96pp. 
 
 This title is taken from the catalogue of Haight Sc Co., 
 Xo. 1, 1890. 
 
 8. " St. L'rsula's Convent, or the Nun of Canada, con- 
 taining scenes of Real Life, Kingston, Upper Canada, 1824." 
 I cannot learn that a copy is in existence. The hook is 
 known hy allusion to it in the Canadian Review ajid Literary 
 and Historical Journal, in which it is reviewed at some 
 length in the first numher in July, 1824, and it is liy no 
 means favourably noticed. 
 
 Tliis Canadian Review was edited by Dr. A. J. Christie, 
 L,'raiidfatlier of Mr. A. J. Christie, C^.C, Ottawa. lie came 
 to this country in 1818, one of three sons of the non-juror 
 E[)iscopal rector of the parish of Woodhead, near Fyvie, 
 Aberdeenshire. He was for some time editor of the 
 Montreal Gazette and Herald, following the medical profes- 
 
%. 
 
 30 
 
 sion at the same time. His son, Mr. Tliomas A. Christie, 
 started the liytuwn Gazette m 1836. The Canadian Review 
 was brought out irregularly in 1824 ami 1826. Of tlu five 
 numbers I have seen, the first three were jmnted at ti»^ 
 office of the Montreal Herald, the last two at the office c f 
 the Montreal Gazette. All the articles are characterized 1 y 
 literary j)ower, as the work of well educated and al^le men. 
 The tone of them is admirable. 
 
 The alx)ve volume was advertised for sale in Gary's catalogue 
 of 1830; it is therefcjre possi])le that a co])y may yet be 
 preserved. It has been stated that the "authoipss was a 
 Miss dulia Beck with, afterwards ]\Irs. Hart, of Fredericton, 
 Kew Brunswick." [Canadiana, Vol. II., p. 36.] 
 
 9. [1825]. "Wonders of the West, or, A Day at the 
 Falls of Niagara, in 1825;" a poem ])y a Canadian, 1825. 
 C. Fothergill, I-*rinter, York (Toronto), 46})p., 12mo. 
 
 This ])ook is in Mr. Gagnon's possession. 
 
 The author Avas ]\Ir. J. L. Alexander, teacher in the York 
 Grammar School ; afterwards incumbent of Saltfleet and 
 Binbrook. 
 
 10. [1825]. "Speech in Committee on the lull for con- 
 ferring civil rights on certain inhal)itants of this province." 
 
 On reverse of the blue paper cover "I)ecend)er 5th, 
 1825." "The house having resolved itself into a committee 
 U})on the l)ill," etc. 
 
 No i)lace or date is given. There is internal evidence that 
 Mv., afterwards Sir d 'mi Beverley Kobinson, then Attorney' 
 General, was the speaker. 
 
 This hrochure of 56 pp., is in the collection of Mr. 
 Gagnon. 
 
 11. [1826]. "An abridged view of the Alien Question 
 unmasked." l>y the Editor of the Canadian Freeman. 
 York, r. C, 1826. pp. 16. 
 
31 
 
 . Christie, 
 'a/i lieview 
 )f tlu five 
 ied at tu3 
 c office c f 
 ;terized ] y 
 able men. 
 
 Day at the 
 iun, 1825. 
 o. 
 
 the York 
 tfleet and 
 
 II for con- 
 province." 
 iil)er 5th, 
 oniniittee 
 
 lence that 
 ^Vttorney 
 
 [ of Mr. 
 
 Question 
 Freeman. 
 
 The autlior, Francis C(»llins, in 1823, was tried for libel 
 Mil tli<; Attorney-General, afterwards Sir J. B. Robinson. 
 He ■was sentenced to a fine of £50, imprisonment for one 
 year, and to find security for future good behaviour. 
 
 12. [1826]. " The Wandering Rhymer, a fragment with 
 otlicr j)oetical trifles." York. Printed at the U. C. Gazette 
 olfice, 1826 : pp. 22, 8vo. 
 
 13. [1827]. '' The Naturalizaticm Bill, as passed by the 
 House of Assembly and Legislative Council, and reserved for 
 His Majesty's assent. Third (Session, ninth Provincial Parlia- 
 ment. Als(\ the Address of ^fessrs. Jonas and Charles Jones 
 to the inhal:)itants of the district of Johnstown and the 
 remarks of 'an Anglo-American Freeholder' thereon." 
 
 Pri-.Hed st the Herald office, 1827. 13pp. 
 
 14. [1827]. "The History of the Destruction of the 
 Colonial Advocate Press by officers of the Provincial Govern- 
 ment of Upper Canada, and Law Students of the Attorney &; 
 S(»licitor-General in open day, and in presence of the Honour- 
 able "William Allan, a Police JSIagistrate and collector of the 
 Customs, and Stephen Heward, Escpiire, A uditor-( general of 
 the colony, In* "SVilliaui L. Mackenzie, Editor and i)roprietor." 
 Part IF., York. Printed at, the Colonial Advocate office, by 
 W. L. ^Mackenzie, printer to the Honourable the House of 
 Assembly of L^pper Canada, 1827. 24p[). 
 
 15. [1827]. "A sermon preached at Kingston, Upper 
 Canada, on Sunday, the 25th Day of Xovem])er, 1827, on 
 o<;casion of divine service at the opening of St. George's 
 Clunch, l)y the Yenerable George Okill Stuart, A.]M., LL.D., 
 *\i''liil<'af:on of Kingston, and Missionary of the Society for 
 I'ji'jiagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts." Published by 
 request. Kingston. Printed by Hugh C. Thompson, 1827. 
 10] 1^1. Svo. 
 
 Ill the collection of the late SherilF Chauveau. 
 
 ii 
 
,r»' 
 
 II; 
 
 '•1, 
 
 32 
 
 16. [1827]. "A scries of reflections on tin' inaiia^^'e- 
 ment of Civic Kuin in Ihc town of Kinf;ston, I'pper 
 Canada. By an Inhalntant.' Kingston. Printctl Ky FlugJi 
 C. Tii(jinsf)n, 1827 ; pp., (')0., 12mo. 
 
 17. [1827]. " Keport of the IFonic District Committee 
 of tlic Society for I'romoting Christiiin Knowhvlge. For 
 the year 1827." YfTrk, I'.C. Printed ])y K. Stanton ; pp. 
 10, 8vo. 
 
 18. [1827J. "Statement of the ailairs of the late 
 Pretended Dank of Upjier Canada at Kingston, containing 
 re}»orts of tlie Commissioners api)ointed hy several Acts of 
 the Provincial Parliament to settle the all'airs of ihe.said 
 institution, together Avitli certain other accompanying dcxni- 
 ments referi'ed to in the rei)ort, being Lists of tlic Stoek- 
 liohlers. Creditors, Debtors, &c., Arc., &c. Reprinted by 
 order of the House of Assembly." York. Printed by 
 William Lyim Mackenzie, at the ollice of the Colonial 
 Advocate ; pp. 48, 8vo. 
 
 19. [1828]. " Statement of facts relating t<j the trespass 
 on the printing press in the possession of Mr. \\'illiani Lyon 
 M'Ken/i , in June, 1826, addressed to the imblic generally 
 and particularly to the sul)scribers and supporters of the 
 Colonial Advocate, York." Printed by R. Stanton. 32pp. 
 
 The -author of this work was Mr. S. P. darvis ; it 
 appeared in 1^28. 
 
 20. [18l's.] "The Legislative Black List of Upper 
 Canada, or ( »llicial Corruption and Hypocrisy uinnasked." 
 York, 1828. 40pi>. 
 
 Mr. Liudsey, in his "Life of Mackenzie," thus describes 
 this volume: "His 'Legislative Black List,' early connnenced 
 and assiduously kept uj), contained a short commentary on 
 the divisions that ha<l taken place dtu-ing the two previous 
 Provincial Parliaments, on prominent and important qiies- 
 
33 
 
 tions. * * * Compared with cliictioiicerinx' docuniouU of 
 th. ]. resent day wliether in Canada or the States, the 
 •r,l;i«k List' was mild and moderate. In publishing ^Ir. 
 Small's election address, he simply apjiendcd to it within 
 l.rackets 'Printed at the Government Ollice.' "' [I., p. U6.] 
 
 •J I . [1 828.] " Letter from the Keverond Kgerton Kyerson 
 to the Hon. and Keverend doctor Strachan," published 
 oii|.;inally in the Upjirr Canada Herald, Kingston, U. C. 
 I'linted at the Ilerahl Otlice, 1828. Small 4to. -t2pp. 
 
 22. [1828.] " Religious Discourses, by i\w author of 
 Wavcrley." Kingston, U. C. Printed and i)ubli.shed by 
 •bimes Macfarlane, 1828. ICpp., 8vo. 
 
 lu the collection of the late Sheriff Chauveau. 
 
 23. [1828]. "Claims of the Churchmen and Dissenters 
 ^^{ Upper Canada brought to the test ; in a controversy 
 between several members of the Church of I'^ngland and a 
 >b'thodist preacher."' 
 
 Kingston, U. C. Printed at the Herahl Office, 1828. 
 232pp. 8vo. 
 
 In the collection of ]\Ir. (Jagnon. 
 
 21. [1828.] A pamphlet of 11pp. foli(j, without tit. ;, " a 
 It'tlcr of Mr. fbihn J>. Kuljinson, Attonu-y General, to George 
 Hillier, Secretary to the Lieutenant-Governor." York, June 
 17th, 1828. 
 
 Printed at the Ujiper Canada GazeW; Office. 
 
 The ))amphlet is an answer to the statement made in 
 cMUi't bv Mr. Justice Willis, the first dav of term. 
 
 This is no })lace to enter into the now forgrjtten dispute 
 l.'ctwiM'u Mr. Justice Willis and the Cfovornment. At the 
 lini(.', from the excited state of political feeling, the suspen- 
 fi'in uf Mr. Justice Willis hy Sir Peregrine Maitland was 
 uiiidi' a party question, and is so considered to this day. 
 
ii:' 
 
 
 'In: 
 
 
 34 
 
 Tliosj" will) (losing a toinixTiitc, fiiir iin<l alilc niirrativo of this 
 comi>lit;at(.*tl question, may be rofcrrod to Mr. Kcmd's "Lives 
 of the Justieos" [pi), 108- 117]. What must strike the 
 reader of mudorii times is the rapidity with whieh events 
 moved. Mr. ^Villis presented to the licfutenunt-governor, 
 Sir Pere<rrine Maitland, tlie roval warratit hv which he was 
 appointed judge of the Kings IJencli, on the 18th of Sep- 
 tember, 1827. On th(! iOtii of June, 1828, he was removed 
 from his olliee, the warrant being signed by the lieutenant- 
 governor ;uid the attorney-general. The eause of his 
 removal was his refusal to sit witli Mr. Justice Sherwood, 
 without a thii'd judge, on the grijund that the court sf> 
 constituted was illegal. Leave of absence had been granted 
 by the lieutenant-governor to Chief-Justice Camp])ell, so 
 two judges were only present, when the act set forth that 
 thrive shduld hold the court. There had previously been a 
 diH'erenee nf view, somewhat shar])ly expressed, betwecMi the 
 Justice AVillis ami the Attornev-General Rol)inson, as to the 
 manner in which the latter had })erformed his duty as 
 attorney -general. 
 
 The dispute was carried l)efore the privy council. The 
 decision i>ronounced was, that Mr. ^^'illis had (;rred in hi;^ 
 construction of the statute, and that, notwithstanding the 
 absence of the chief-justice, he should have held the court 
 with Mr. Justice Sherwood. On the other lianti, it was 
 held that his dismissal was too summary, and, hence, un- 
 Avarrantalile ; that charges should have been formulated 
 against him, so that he might have had the right of ri'ply, 
 and of setting forth the i»rinciple on which he had acted. 
 
 According to Mr. Head, the antagonism avi^s early created 
 l^etween ^Ir. .Justice AVillis and the Attorney-General. 
 The former desired to establish a court of e(|uity, which the 
 
35 
 
 latter constantly opposed. * It is probable that no little of 
 the friction arose from this cin.-unistance. 
 
 25. [182S]. "The formation and eonstituticm of the 
 York U. C. IJible Society, with the first address of its 
 members to their Christian friends." York. Printed ])y 
 W. L. ^rackenzie, at the ottiee of the Colonial Advocate, 
 1828 ; pp. 26, 12m(,.. 
 
 2G. [1828]. "Directions to those who raise Tobacco in 
 this Province." Ym'k. Printed 1)V ^Y. L. MacKenzie, at 
 the ollice of the Colonial Advocate, 1828 ; \)\^. 16, 12mo. 
 
 27. [1828]. " The Charter of the University of King's 
 College at Y'ork, in Upper Canada." Kingston, U.C, 1828. 
 Reprinted by H. C. Thompson ; pp. 14, l2mo. 
 
 28. [1828]. "The Address to Protestant Dissenters, 
 suited to the present times." Kingston, U.C. Printed 
 and pulilished (for the author) by H. C. Thompson, and 
 sold l)y most Booksellers in the ju-ovince, 1828; pp. 52, 12mo. 
 
 29. [1828]. "Manual of Parliamentary Practice, with 
 an Apjx'udix containing the Rules of the Legislative Coun- 
 cil and House of Assembly of Up})er Canada." Compiled, 
 jirinted and })ul)lished by H. C. Thompson, 1828; })}). 92, 
 8v(t. 
 
 30. [1829.] "The Lower Canada Watchman, Pro 
 I'atria," Kingston, U.C, 1829, 18mo., James Macfarlane, 
 Printer. 
 
 It is formed from the newspaper type of a series of letters 
 originally published in the Kingston Chronicle. It is not 
 scarce. There is a copy in the excellent library of the M'ell- 
 
 
 * It may he proper to mention, tluit in less than nine years from 
 this date the court of chancery was estal)lishe(l [4 March, 1837]. 
 the lirst vice-chancellor being Mr. Jameson. Introducing the 
 fact, Mr. Read remarks, "The want of a Court of Equity in this 
 Province had begun to be seriously felt." [p. 193.] 
 
36 
 
 :i';i 
 
 j'll 
 
 known A})l)e Vcnrault, of Montreal ; a copy in tlu' Public 
 Library, Toronto, likewise one in the Parliamentary Librar}'; 
 ^fr. Gagnon also has a coity. The type used in the colunnis 
 of the paper makes u[) the b(K»k. These letters l»ear the 
 signature T. L. C. W. A second edition contains some 
 suj)plemental matter. Mr. IJain's copy in the Toronto 
 lil)rary has letters 11 and 12, not in the Verreault copy. 
 
 The authorship is attri1»uted to Mr. David Chisholme, who 
 arrived in Canada in lJ^22. Lord Dalhousie was then 
 governor-general, having held the position from the June 
 of the previous year. Chisholme strongly sapixtrted the 
 policy of lord Dalhousie, and obtained his confidence. It 
 was the latter who appointed Chisholme clerk of the peace 
 at Three Rivers. Lord Dalhousie remained in Canada until 
 1828. During the administration of lord Gosford, in 
 November, 1836, Chisholme was dismissed from his office, 
 owing to the hostility felt towards him by the dominant 
 party from his openly expressed opinions. Such as desire 
 to learn the views of the party opposed to the pc/licy of 
 lord Gosford, will find it clearly defined, ami with little 
 circumspection of phrase, in the once well-known " Anti- 
 Gallic letters," written in 1835 and 1836 by Adam Thorn. 
 
 31. [1829.] " Six sermons on the Liturgy of the Church 
 of England." York, U.C, 1829. 16pp. 
 
 At this period the writer was the incuml)ent of Grimsby^ 
 the Kev. A. U. Pethune : afterwards bishop of Toronto. 
 [Xov., 1867; Feb., 1879.] 
 
 32. [1830.] " A Keport of the Case of Sheldon Hawley 
 V. George Hand, Kingston, 1826." A now forgotten law 
 case. 
 
 33. [1830.] " Responsible or Parliamentary Govern- 
 ment : A political pamphlet." Toronto: 1st ed., 1830; 2nd 
 ed., 1839. 8vo. 
 
37 
 
 Tilt' author, Mr. ( )<^'li' K. TJowan, lui Irislmiau arrived in 
 Canada in 1829. He was olt-cttMl to tlie Icj^'islaturo in 1834, 
 and rt'niainod a mcnilun' of tlio Parliani(3nt of Upper Canada 
 and of the Province of Canada until 18G1. 
 
 Thus, pr(.'vious to the work mentioned in ** Canadian 
 Archa^olojiy" as the first printed l)ook in Upper Canada, those 
 ahove enumerated preceded it. I. repeat the title in this 
 jilace to niaki the i)resent list complete. 
 
 34. [1832.] •* History of the late War between Great 
 lUitain and the United States of America, with a retrospective 
 view of the causes from wliich it orij^inated, collected from the 
 most authentic sources ; to which is added an appendix 
 contaiiiinj^' jjuhlic documents, etc., relating to the subject." 
 \\y David Thomi)son, late of the Royal Scots, Niagara, U.C. 
 Printeil by T. Sewell, I^rinter, Bookbinder, and Stationer, 
 Market S<piare, 1832. 300pp. 12mo. 
 
 35. [1833.] "The j Constitution j of the | Canadas | 
 adopted by the imperial i)arliament in the | thirty-tirst year 
 of the reign of his | ^Sfajesty George the III. | and | in the 
 year of our Lord one thousand seven | hundred and ninety- 
 one I Together with the debates thereon | Printed by Joseph 
 Wilson : Hallowell U.C. 1833, pp. 125, 12mo." 
 
 Hallowell was the name formerly given to the present 
 town of Picton. According to the account we read in 
 P)elden's Historical Atlas, it was the original name west of 
 the liridge. East of the bridge, only, was called Picton, after 
 the distinguished general who fell at Waterloo. Opini(Hi 
 was divided which name should be retained. Finally, it is 
 said against the feeling of the majority, the selection of 
 Picton was made, and the town was so incorporated about 
 1847. The townshij) of Hallowell was the centre of an 
 Ignited Em}»ire settlement. 
 
 ot3. [1837]. "Observations upon P^migration to Ui)per 
 
 !'?i 
 
38 
 
 ' 
 
 Canada, l)oiiig tlio j)rize essay for wliicli was awarded a gold 
 medal from the rpi)er Canada Celtic Society." By Joseph 
 Xeilson. Kingston : Printed at the uflice of the Chronicle 
 and Gazettr, 1837. T-ipp., 8vo. 
 
 The essay describes the diiferent districts of Upper C'anada, 
 and concludes witii a few words of advice to the emigrant. 
 
 37. [1840.] "Xotes upon Canada and the United States, 
 from 1832 to 1840, much in a small space, or a great deal in 
 a little book." By A Traveller. Second Edition. Toronto 
 (late York), U^ " " Canada. Printed by Kogers and 
 Thomj)Son, Commercial Herald otHce, 1840. 184i)]i. 12mo. 
 
 This work is an extraordinary medley of disconnected notes 
 of matters succeeding each other without any relation. 
 They bear the mark of being written upon first impression 
 and without exact inquiry, consequently many are of doubt- 
 ful accuracy. The book, in its way, is a literary curiosity. 
 Many facts regarding the province are to be found in this 
 volume which are not elsewhere preserved. Withoui 
 suggesting the least want of good faith or , onesty of 
 jiurpose on the part of the writer of them, it is oifhcult to 
 resist the im])ression that they must be taken M'ith the 
 traditional t/rano salts. The author was Mr. Henry Cook 
 Todd, father of Dr. Alpheus Todd, many years the parlia- 
 mentary librarian, whose own work I have shortly to record. 
 He passed through Oxford University, where he acquired 
 simie learning and the taste for collecting books. Possessed 
 originally of some means, he unfortunately lost much of them 
 in speculation, and he su])plemented the income remaining to 
 him by aiding in the collectit)n of libraries, and in "coaching" 
 undergraduates. He came to Canada in 1832 ami died in 
 1862. He was acconqilished in many respects, l)eing an 
 excellent artist. His grandchildren still possess many 
 of his sketches and pen-and-ink drawings, of great merit. 
 
39 
 
 He was tiuthor of the two following' works, indeiteiulently 
 of the one above named : — 
 
 (1). "Manual of Ortlioepy, on a new plan to render a 
 right i)ronunciation of words attainable at first sight ; with 
 over 2,000 curious notes," 1801. 12m(). London. 
 
 (2). ** Items (in Life of an L'sher) on travel, anec<lote, 
 and popular errors," by one in Retirement. 8vo. Quebec. 
 1855. 
 
 38. [1840.] Alpheus Todd, LL.T). " The Tractice and 
 Privileges of the Two Houses of Parliament : with an 
 Ai)i)endix of Forms." Printed by order of the House of 
 Assembly. 1 vol., 8vo. Toronto, 1840. 
 
 Dr. Todd at p I.^cv period of his life ])roduced the two 
 important works with which his name is identified, viz.: — 
 
 "On I'arliaii.entary (Government in England: its origin, 
 (lev<'l()pment and jn-actical operation." 2 vols., 8vo. London, 
 1867-9. 
 
 2nd Kd., 2 vols., 8vo. London, 1887-9. 
 
 "Parliamentary (lovernment in the British Colonies." 
 1 vol., 8vo. Boston, 1880. 2nd Edition in ])ress. 
 
 He has to l)e specially mentioned as at this date producing 
 a book which has })rought honour upon his country. I have, 
 however, api)ended the two volumes subse(piently published, 
 foundec'i vinni his first Avork. Dr. Todd, son of Henry Cook 
 Todd v>hs l>orn in London, 30th July, 1821, and died in 
 Ottav'ii. 2'2iuy January, 1884. He was but nineteen years 
 of age when his first book was Avritten, " I'ractice and 
 Privileges of the Two Houses of Parliament," a remarkalJe 
 work for so young a man. 
 
 The circumstances under Avliich this volume appeared 
 rcfpiire to ])e clearly stated It must be distinctly remembered 
 tliat I )r. Todd was the forerunner in modern times in treating 
 of jiarliamentary practice. His book was published four years 
 
 I'i 
 
^ 
 
 40 
 
 
 ill 
 
 iK'fore tliat of Sir Krskiiui ^li'.V- ^'ntil this time the 
 staiulard autlioritv was Hatsell's "Precedents of Proeeediugs 
 in the House of Conniions : witli ohservations." 4 vols. 
 Tlie first edition appeared in 1781, the hist in 1818, with 
 some additions l)y Al)l)ot, Lord Colchester, who had heen 
 fifteen years 8i)eaker of the House of Commons. Hatsell 
 himself liad heen Clerk of the House, from wliich oHice he 
 retired in 1797. He died in 1820. 
 
 Dr. Todd's second, and indeed his chief Ixtok, ha.s ohtained 
 for him a European reputation. It lias Ijoen translate(l into 
 (lerman and Italian, and is held in the highest esteem in the 
 mother coinitry, which Todd .louhtless considered as the 
 greatest honour he could ohtain. His third hook, on "Par- 
 liamentary (jrovernment in the Cohjnies," has gained e(pially 
 favourahle consideration hoth at home and in the Dominion. 
 It is the text-hook of the Toronto University. 
 
 Those im})erial writers, constantly ready to recognize the 
 most ei)hemeral jtroductions of the United States, as of 
 astounding merit, and who i)ass hy with cold mention, more 
 often in silence, any eil'ort of the provincial intellect, will do 
 well to rememl)er that the first authoritative Ijook on })arlia- 
 mentary law was })roduced in Canaihi in 1840, four years 
 l)efore any modern T'higlish writer had approached the 
 suhject. There are, forttuiately, writers in the London press 
 of a different stamp, who kindly and generously recognize 
 what they conceive to Ije merit, whatever the latitude and 
 longitude at wliich it is displayed. Unfortunately, such as 
 these are not frequently met. Those not in the category 
 would do well to read the records of the American revolutic^n 
 of a century liack. The real grievance Avas iKit the Stamp 
 Act, and all the misrepresentation which has l)een written 
 al)out the tyranny of the home government. It was the 
 misapprehension and the failure to do justice to the colonial 
 
41 
 
 intclltM.'t which ('.strunj^'cd men like; Jctlt'i'son, Samuel Adiuus, 
 ami ^ladison, who hianicd from jx'i'soiial scMitimcnt to entcr- 
 tain an nn<'Xtiii<,niishahlo liatrctl to Kiif;;laiid. What was tho 
 cxpci'lcncc ill the two cases 1 am considc lii<f? Sir Krskino 
 May I'cccivcd many honours, and deservedly so, dying as 
 Lord Fai-nhormigh in 188G. Dr. Todd remained unnoticed 
 for years by tlu; London journalist and tlu^ honu; <fov(n'n- 
 ment. The consideration which he received late in life, the 
 denree of LL. \). , Jiofioris cauffa, was conferred l)y C^)ueen's 
 University. Owing to tin; intervimtioii of Lord Lorne, 
 himself a man of hitters, always foremost in the recognition 
 of merit, and who has left behind him in Canada tin; record 
 of his constant symi)athy with art and literature in connection 
 with his high statc'smanlike al)ilities, Dr. Todd received 
 the im])erial distinction of a C ^L(r. It is, moreover, 
 well known that in the Dominion, his honest expression of 
 opinion regarding the Letellier (piestion in the ])rovince of 
 <^>uel)ec, an opinion which remains unimpeacha])le, led to 
 an ex})ression of )»etulant l)ad feeling on the i)art of men in 
 ])ower in Canada, Avhich one day will ])e more fully rcilatiMl. 
 Il was the reward he received from the Canadian Coveru- 
 iiieiit. 
 
 Some rejirints of known works were early published, viz.: — 
 L [18i>,3]. "The True-Born Englishman; a Political 
 Satyr " [.s«c]. IJy Daniel DeFoe. Keprinted from the old 
 edition, 1823 ; j)}). 32, 12mo. 
 
 2. [1823]. "The Canadian's Eight, the; same as the 
 Englishman's. — A Dialogue; between a J>arrister-at-Law and 
 a -luryman, setting forth the Antiquity, excelhmt design, 
 use, otiice and just privih>ges of Juries, V>y the Law of 
 England. First written l)y Sir John Hawles, Knight, Soli- 
 citor-Ceiieral to AVilliam JII." York, L^.C. Xow repul)- 
 lished l)y Charles Fothergill, Esq., 1823; pp. 52, 12nio. 
 
rw 
 
 — ■' J ' 
 
 M\ 
 
 .1. 
 
 , 'I 
 
 h' 
 
 42 
 
 .3. [18.31.] "The Life and Actions of Al.-xandcr the 
 CJivat," by tlie Kev. J. Williams, Vicar of Lanqx'ter. First 
 Canada edition, Niagara, 18.31. 200i)i). in 8vo. 
 
 4. [1831.] "The Life of Mahomed, Founder (.f the 
 Religion of Islam and of the Fmpire of tlie Saracens," hy 
 the Kev. (Jen. liush. First Canada edition, Niagara, 1831. 
 112pi). in 8vo. 
 
 r). [1831.] Cliainiian's reprint of ^NFurray's Family 
 Lihrary. "The Life of Lord Nelson," ])y Kohert Sonthey, 
 Fsq., LL.l)., Poet Laureate, etc., etc. First Canada edition, 
 Niagara, 1831. l+Opp. in 8vo. 
 
 G. [1832.] "The Life of Lord Byron," l)y .Folni (lalt, 
 Esq., Niagara: Henry Cliapman, puhlisher. Samuel Heron, 
 I)rinter, 1831. 200i.p. in 8vo. 
 
 I ai)})end a list of the several works puhlished outside of 
 the territory of Canada, from the period succeeding the close 
 of the American "vvar of 1783 and the estal)lislnuent of 
 L^pper Canada, to the date of the union of the provinces, 
 11th Fehruary, 1841. The names of only those writers are 
 given, who considerevl the economic condition, the i)olitics, 
 the history of the province, and of those who, in the narrative 
 of their travels, have furnished inforn j»u concerning the 
 period Avhicli they reju'esent. The names not included 
 are writers of sermons, religious and controversial liooks; 
 the narratives of })ersonal adventure, unless of liistoric 
 interest ; Avorks of fiction, i)oems, laudatory biography, 
 paj)ers on al)stract science not directly related to Canada, the 
 arraignment of slavery, and such works as may ])e classed 
 under the title of general literature. 
 
 I likewise leave unnoticed the pamphlets Avhich have 
 
43 
 
 appeared from time to time upon Canadian affairs. From 
 about 1835 to the return home of Lord Durliam in 1838, 
 oven to a later date, tliey are very numerous, and may he said 
 to form in themselves a minor source of information apart 
 from the works which I have named. It is not impossible 
 tliat at some future period a catalogue of them may be 
 attempted. 
 
 Many of the volumes catalogued have long been forgotten, 
 or, if at all read, it is owing to the record of some minor 
 local fact of little general value. I consider, however, that 
 tliis list will not be disdained by the historical student. I 
 cannot hope that it will be found to be })erfect. A great 
 many names, however, are presented according to date, and 
 it will lie a comparatively easy matter in the future to 
 su)i}»Iement the list, as better information will admit. The 
 calendar is submitted Avith this ex}»lanation. (lenerally 
 speaking, I have appended some explanatory remarks con- 
 corning the volumes to Avhich I could obtain access, and I 
 trust they will not be held to be entirely valueless. "SVliere 
 I fail to do so, it has been from my inability to discover 
 the books unnoticed. 
 
 Jean-Francois, ]\Iarquis de Chastellux. " Voyages dans 
 L'Amerique Septentrionale, dans les annees, 1780, 1781, 
 ctl782." Paris, Prault, 1788. 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 In English: "Travels in North America in the years 1780, 
 
 1781 and 1782, by the Marcpiis de Chastellux, one of the 
 
 forty mendiers of the French Academy, and Major-( leneral 
 
 in the French Army, serving under the Count of Rocham- 
 
 beau. Translated from the French by an English gentleman 
 
 who resided in America at that period. With notes by the 
 
 translator." London, 1777. 
 
 I mention this work, being one of the earliest of this date. It has, 
 however, no bearing upon Canada. It is the diary of two journeys ; 
 
 7 3 
 
 
 i 
 
 t - ... 
 
 m 
 
 i. 
 
 
 M 
 
II' -^ 
 
 44 
 
 III 
 
 one, fi'oin Newport to Pliilatlelphia, to Saratoga and to Ports- 
 moutli in New Hampshire ; the second in Virginia. It contains 
 information rehitive to tlie war of in<lependence and some of the 
 principal actors in it. 
 
 (Icor^'c ("artwri^lit. "A Journal of Transactions and 
 Events (lui'in,Li,' a residence of nearly sixteen years on the coast 
 of Lidirador. Containing many interestinj^^ particular.s both 
 of tlie country and its inha])itants not hitherto known. 
 Illustrated Avith projjcr charts.' NeAvark, 1792. .S vols. 4to. 
 
 Captain Cartwright, in a short biography of his Hfe, tells us that 
 he served in India, and was aide-de-camp to the celebrated Marquis 
 of Granby. Afterwards, he obtained a company in the 37th regi- 
 ment, Mas present at Mifiiorca, and suffered from the ague; and, 
 finally, retired on half-pay in 1770. On 17th May, 1770, he sailed 
 for Newfoundland to obtain possession of the vessel in which the 
 enterprise oi trading in Labrador was to be carried out. 
 
 There is a great deal of information in these three volumes, but 
 it has to be sought for ; the narrative is often tedious, and dwells 
 upon much which has little interest. 
 
 Thomas Anhury. "Travels througli the interior ])arts of 
 America during the course of the last AVar. In a series of 
 Letters, by an Officer to his friends." London, 1789 ; 2n(l 
 edition, 1791. 2 vols., 8vo. 
 
 Translated l)y V. L. Lehas, Paris, 1790, afterwards ]t M. 
 Noel of the College of Louisde-( irand. Paris, 1793. 
 
 This work is generally described under the name of Aubury. 
 Although the name does not appear on the title page, it is given as 
 Anbury in the dedication to Lord Harrington. There are several 
 pages of subscribers. The author was an ensign of the '24th, and 
 he collected in these two volumes the letters written by him during 
 his staj' in America. He lan<led in Quebec in October, 1776, and 
 l)eing a keen observer of what he saw, gives us a pleasantly written 
 narrative of the opinions he formed of Canada at that time. The 
 folhnving yeai" lie took part in Burgoyne's unfortunate expedition, 
 and after the surrender at Saratoga, was sent to Cambridge, not 
 far from Boston. He was afterwards removed to Winchester, in 
 
 |..l! 
 
45 
 
 Virginia. In 1781 he obtained his liberty and reached New York. 
 His letters, while giving a narrative of his own experience, record 
 the impression? he formed of the country during the three years he 
 passed tiiere. 
 
 r. Caiii[)l)C'll, "Travels in the interior inlialnted })art.s of 
 Xorth America in the years 1791 and 1792." In which is 
 ;^4ven an account of the manners and customs of the Indians, 
 and the i)resent war between them and the Federal States, 
 the mode of life and system of farming among the new 
 settlers of both Canadas, New York, New England, Xew 
 Krunswick and Xova Scotia, interspersed with anecdotes of 
 jieople, ol)servations on the soil, natural productions and 
 jtolitical situation of these countries. Illustrated with co})per 
 plates." Edinliurgh, 1793. 
 
 A curious narrative of the travels of a Higlilander through some 
 of the lately settled districts of Canada. The book can still be 
 read with interest, owing to the relation of much not to be found 
 elsewhere. At Burlington he passed three weeks with Brandt. 
 A great-grand-daughter of Mr. Campbell is still living at Fort Erie. 
 
 Thomas Cooper. " Some information respecting America, 
 collected by Thomas Cooper, late of Manchester." London, 
 1794. 8vo. 
 
 In French. " Renseignements sur I'Amerique Anglaise ; 
 traduit de I'Anglais." Paris, 1795. 8vo. 
 
 This book has relation only to the United States. There is an 
 appendix of some value bearing upon the migration of summer and 
 winter birds of passage. 
 
 Charles Grant, Yicomte de Vaux. " Adresse a toutes les 
 puissances de I'Europe sur I'etat present et futur de la 
 noblesse, et du clerge Frangais. Particulierement an 
 Crouvernement Britannique, sur les moyens d'assurer a ces 
 deux corps I'existence la [)lus convenable aux circonstances, 
 moyennr un plan d'etablissements dans le Canada, les plus 
 
 i": < 
 
H 
 
 46 
 
 III 
 
 avaiitan<,'(Mix possibles, sunt an ComnKirce ]Jritaiiiiique, soit 
 aux Loyalist<?s." Loiidrcs, 1794. j)p. 109. 
 
 This work was an appeal made in EngUuid to aid the French 
 nohhsHt an<l ecclesiastics, driven from Fiance at the period of the 
 revolution. One proposal l)eing to estahlisli them in Canada, four 
 conmiissioners, French ecclesiastics, were sent to Quebec, in 1792, to 
 make an examination as to the character and condition of tlie prov- 
 ince. Their report, written in Quebec in the month of October, is 
 'lere given. It contains much information, particularly as to the 
 early settlements on Lake Ontario, and gives some detail, even, with 
 regard to the liay of Chaleurs. 
 
 Several emigrants of French royalist families arrived in Canada 
 in 1798, unuer M. de Puisaye. The subject is narrated at some 
 length by Dr. Brynmer, in his Report Canadian Archives of 1888 
 [p. XXVI., ap. 85] to which the reader is referred. 
 
 " A letter descriptive of the ditlereiit settlements in the 
 Province of Upi)er Canada." London, 1795. 
 
 This volume of 27 pages give the fullest picture we possess of the 
 condition of the Province in 1794. It is written in the form of a 
 letter from New York, but having been published in London, it may 
 be assumed that this method was followed as a matter of conveni- 
 ence, and it is not impossible that it had an oliicial origin. It 
 connnences by stating that vessels sailed from Oswego to Niagara, 
 Kingston and other ports on Lake Ontario, l)ut that generally 
 settlers followed the south shore to Niagara in the same open boats 
 in which they had arrived, plainly having in view such as had 
 ascended the Saint Lawrence. Settlement is described as extending 
 to lake Saint Francis ; vessels, however, seldom went below Kings- 
 ton. Even at that date the quarries in the neighbourhood were 
 held of value. The most flourishing settlements were to be found 
 round the l)ay of Quinte. The soil was so easily worked, that 
 without any other cultivation but that of the iron-toothed harrow, 
 it produced from one to three crops of from 20 to .30 Ijushels of 
 wheat to the acre. The whole bay at this date had "the appear- 
 ance of a beautiful old settled country."' Lake Ontario was then 
 plentifully supplied with fish at all seasons of the year. In the 
 winter, (quantities of white fish were caught by seines from two to 
 
47 
 
 six lbs. in weight. Sturgeon, Ijas.s and other species were in great 
 plenty. Salmon was taken in all the creeks running into the lake. 
 The land around Newark (Niagara) was inhabited for fifty miles. 
 The writer claims to have been acquainted with Mr., afterwards 
 Sir David Smitli, tlie surveyor general, and to have had access to 
 liis notes. Queenston, seven miles above Niagara, was the spot 
 wliere vessels were unloaded and " took in furs collected from three 
 ti) one thousand five hundred miles back." The upper landing- 
 place was at Cliippewa Creek ; the portage was an increasing 
 source of wealth to the farmers for many miles around. The cost 
 of transport was one shilling and eightpence N.Y. currftacy per 
 cwt. From Chippewa the merchandise was carried by bateaux on 
 lake Erie to Detroit and Midhillimackinac. 
 
 Hamilton had just been located "a small town " at the head of 
 lake Ontario, a central place between Newark and York, "called 
 l)y the natives Toronto," to Detroit. A road of twenty miles is 
 ••cut out"' to the Grand river, which it crosses about fifty miles 
 above the entrance into lake Erie, and continues to the river La 
 Tranche, now called the Thames. .Settlements were being made 
 between Hamilton and Niagara, and partial ones along th" river 
 Thames to the extent of eighty or ninety miles. The town ci York 
 (Toronto) was in great forwardness, and a road cut to lake Simcoe. 
 Settlement was commencing on this line of road, and on the east 
 side one hundred Cerman families had established themselves in 
 rear of these lota. They had arrived in the summer of 1794, 
 '•furnished witli everything necessary to make their situation 
 comfortable; They are sustained hy a company who supply them 
 witli teams, utensils and provisions." 
 
 The settlement was begun l)y a few disbanded troops after the 
 peace of 1783. As in the United States the opinion prevailed that 
 ihe country was entirely under military control, l^ut few emigrants 
 arrived. W^hen it, however, became known that a civil government 
 ua.i established under a happily-formed constitution, numl)ers left 
 the United States to live under the Uritisli Hag. They were among 
 tlic most respectable of the inhabitants. S<jine arrived in waggons 
 even from Noith Carolina to the mouth of the Genesee river. As 
 the open road did not extend beyond this spot, they wei-e trans- 
 ported in boats to the mouth of the Niagara river, and thence by 
 lioat to York. Large grants of land were also being made to the 
 Hoyalists. 
 
 ! 
 
•I* 
 
 111 I ^ 
 
 48 
 
 Tlie writer highly cotnnicrxls the wisdom of dividing Canada into 
 the tlieii two provinces. I do not wish here to (inter into that 
 question, for I havo to do so in another place. On<; fact is very 
 evident in tho thou condition of the country with its imperfect 
 roads, it would have heen simply impossible for niendiers repre- 
 senting the early settlements of Upper ('anada to have found their 
 way to a legislative a.ssend)ly holding its tnoetiiigs in (^^uehec. 
 A great deal has heen written on tiiia point without retlcction ; the 
 same may I'e i:aid w ith regard to tiie abandonment of the territory 
 aouth and west of lake Erie, now the states of Ohio, Michigan and 
 Illinois. To me it appears it would '>ave been impossil)le to have 
 retained the territory witliout very stiong military posts; and they 
 could only luive been maintained at a great cost of men and money, 
 the possession of which ultimately would have been the cau.se of 
 another war from the aggressive spirit of the border population of 
 tho United States. Modern writers set out of view that ff)r some 
 years after the peace of Versailles, war with the United States from 
 the failure on th'e part of that government to observe the treaties 
 with rt;gard to Uanada and Ikitish interests, was for a long time a 
 matter of no slight prol)abiIity, and that it was greatly f)wing to 
 the honest wisdom of Washington, and those who sustained lum, 
 that hostilities were avoided. 
 
 VVc learn tliat the land rights of Indians were extinguished by fair 
 and just purchase, as the population of the country reijuired addi- 
 tional territory. It is one of the most honourable facts of Canadian 
 history, that this policy has never been departed from, and that it 
 prevails to this day. The writer of the book describes the political 
 institutions of the country, and much of its interior economy. We 
 learn from him that huteaux of 25 barrels bulk, with four men, 
 reached Kingston from Montreal in six to eight days, and returned 
 in three days, with furs, potash and other produce. He is one of 
 the few who do not rise to enthusiasm about the Falls of Niagara, 
 although by no means a matter-of-fact personage. He informs us 
 that a (quantity of liritish goods found their way to the Mississippi ; 
 and he speaks of Sir Alexander Mackenzie's expedition to the Pacific 
 Ocean as worthy of comment. This unpretentious volume is one of 
 tlfe most useful wiiich we possess of this class. 
 
 Do La Kocliefoiicaiilt-Liancoiir. " Vovaw dans les Etats- 
 
49 
 
 rnirtde rAiiu'M-iquc on \7\)i) et 1797. Knrichi ilc jilusunir." 
 cartes. 
 
 l-iq 
 I'liris, 17'.)S. S vols, ill 8vo. 
 
 "Travels through the l.^'nited States of Nortli America, 
 tiie eountry of the Iroquois and I'jqjer Canada in the years 
 1795, 1 790, and 1797, with an authentic account of Lower 
 ( 'aiiaihi. Translatinl from the French [with Maps]/' London, 
 1800. Second edition. 4 vols., 4to. 
 
 The due de Rochefoucaidt was horn in 1 74", and died in 1 821). His 
 
 •k 
 
 its the 
 
 di 
 
 )f th( 
 
 ifactur( 
 
 I'epresent.s the contUtion _ 
 
 loninierce of the period. He likewise gives his inii)ressions of the 
 iritional life and domestic haV)it8 of the people. I)e Roohefoucault 
 i« inained nearly tliree years in the United States. 
 
 lie crossed tlic Niagara river on the '20tli of .liuie, 179."), two 
 iiiilfs lielow fort Krie. He was received l)y the captain of a frigate 
 in ronunand of tiie lakes, on the part of (loveinor Sinicoe, 'vith due 
 I (!reiMony. Fort Krie had a small garrison of the oth reghnent. 
 'Jhcre were some troops at fort Clu])iK'wa ; the head-(iuarter8 of 
 ilic regiment was at Niagara. Detroit and the western foi-ts were 
 held l)y the '2.5th ; these frontier forts not having Ijeen given over 
 to the United States. He found specie, hard money, very scarce, 
 luiHiiiess }»eing carried on by pa])er notes, some of which were aa 
 \nw as two pence. De Rochefoncault was one of tlie first to give an 
 ilahorate description of th« Falls. At Niagara he met Governor 
 Sinicoe. who shewed him lord Dorcliester's order, not to allow any 
 tnieigner to enter Lower Canada, and Sinicoe was obliged to apply 
 to lord Dorchester at Kingston for a passport for liim to ilo so. 
 Till' duke thus remained some time with Simcoe, in the hope of 
 iilitaining this ijcrmission. He gives ns the most favoural)le impres- 
 sion of the governoi- and his wife, a woman of sense and capacity, 
 vlio acted as licr husljaiid"s private secretary, ami aided in the 
 incparation of maps. He describes with al)ility the institutions 
 and condition of Upper Canada ; lie has. however, some extra- 
 oiilinary views concerning the Indians. He relates that 50,000 
 Mere prepared, in case of war, .to take the Bi'itisli side, all of whom 
 Iwul taken an oath not to leave a scalp on any "American" they fell 
 ill with. 
 
 -M. de R<jchefoucault was not permitted to enter Lower (y'anada. 
 D 
 
.50 
 
 It WiiH not, however, a iiiatt»!r of wliim tluvt enforced the prohi- 
 l»itioii ; tlie relutiona between tlie United States ami (Jieat liritain 
 were tlien very (K-lioate, and event» were aHsuiuing an ominous 
 outlook. Tiie rtifuKiil to allow de hocliefoucaidt to visit Lower 
 Caiuula liy the Saint Lawrence waH on the theory that lie was 
 acting in the interest of the United States, for if war broke out, 
 Canada woidd have lieen the hattle-Held. (JriJat IJiitain was dis- 
 satislied witli the non-fullilnu-nt of Articles IV. and V'l. oi tin; 
 'I laty of Versailles, in ITH.'?, which provided for the restitution of 
 all estates, rights an«l properties belonging to Dritish subjects. 
 Article V. provided that Congress should reconnnend the States 
 to cany out these conditions. At a subsecpient date, .letl'erson 
 characteristically declared that all the United States had agreed to 
 was, to reionnucnd to the states tiiat the conditions should be 
 c>l>Mcrved, but with no expectation that the reconnncndatiou would be 
 carried out. On all sides every diHiculty was thrown in the way of 
 fultilling iliese obligations. (Jieat Britain therefore declared that 
 these articles not being ol)sei'vcd, its government coid<l not be held 
 to the fultilmentof the ol)]igat!on to surrender the frontier forts. 
 It was, indeed, not until 17!'() that the transfer was made. 
 
 The answer arrived on the 2'2nd of Jidy, prohibiting a visit to 
 Lowei Canatla. We can iiudeT-stand that these memoirs do not 
 contain a flattering portrait of lord Dorchester. The remarks 
 lieai'ing upon ('anada are worthy of attention an<l ct)nlain much 
 information. Xot lieing allowed to de.'icend the Saint Lawrence, 
 the duke proceeded to Oswego, and from that spot continued his 
 travels in the United States. 
 
 d. C. O^dcn. "A tour tlivougli Ujiper iuul Lower 
 Caiiiulii. ]iy a citizen of the United States. Containing a 
 view of the i»ve.s(!nt state of rcHnion, learning, eoniineree, 
 agriculture, colonization, customs, and niamier.s among the 
 English, French, and Indian ^Settlements." Lichfield, 1797. 
 12mo. 
 
 2n(l Edition. "Wilmington, LSOO, hy John. C. Ogden, of 
 the E])iseo])al ('hureh. 
 
 The author, sou-indaw of (ieueral David Wooster, resided in 
 New Haven, 1771-85. Subsetiuently, he was the iucund)ent of the 
 
61 
 
 episcopal cliurch at I'oitHinouUi, N.H. The (lesuripticm of Uppor 
 Canatla, foniiing a separate letter of '2<i pages, \» full of interest, 
 shewing the author's strong sympathies witli the royalists. 
 
 Isiiiic NN't'ld. "Triivcls tlirouj,^! tlic States of North 
 Anicrica iiiid tlio I'roviiiccs ot" I'lipcr and Lower Canada 
 diiriii,^' the years 171)5, 1790 and 1797." Lon(h)n. 2nd 
 Jvhtion, 1799. 2 vols., Svo. 
 
 Translated, I'aris, 1799. 3 vols., 8 vo. 
 
 Mr. Weld entered Canada hy lake Chaniplain and nia<le his way 
 to Montreal an'^ to (^uel)ec. The navigation of tiie lake was not 
 then a pleasant matter, heing made in ten-ton boats, which in l)ad 
 weather sought shelter. Weld gives a piutureRcjue account of the 
 country wlierever he travels, and is a shrewd ob.server of manners 
 and social habits. As we read the picture of those days we see how 
 niucii, in some respects, remains unchanged. (Jur present mode of 
 travel, however, is, in fact as in date, a century in advance ; the 
 navigation of the Saint Lawrence is not now undertaken in a huttcm 
 as in tlie time of Weld. Tlie notes of his journey to Quebec record 
 the time it then occupied, lie left Montreal on the 1st day of 
 August, at eleven, and at five arrived at Sorel. The next morning 
 he proceeded on his journey and reached Batiscan, where he slept. 
 The third night he passed at Saint Augustin. On the fourth morning 
 he arrived at (,|uebec. The usual time, renmrks Weld, does not 
 exceed tw(j days, when the wind is fair and tide favourable. Weld 
 ascended the Saint Lawrence, stopping at Kingston, the Niagara 
 Falls and Newark [Niagara]. There was then mention of moving 
 the seat of government elsewhere, and of cutting a canal round the 
 portage : the forerxmner of the scheme of the Welland Canal. 
 Weld was at Niagara in Septendjer, 1706, after the posts had been 
 ceded to the United States : Oswegatchie [Ogdensburg], Oswego, 
 Niagara, Detroit and Michillimackinac. He went as far as Maiden, 
 on the Detroit River, where he took leave of Canada. 
 
 Sir Alexander Mackenzie. " Voyages from ^rontreal on 
 the liiver St. Lawrence, through the continent of Xo th 
 America, to the Frozen and Pacific Oceans, in the years 1789 
 and 1793 ; with a preliminary account of tlie rise, i)rogress, 
 
 \' 
 
 W ' 
 
 !■ !i 
 
rr 
 
 N' 
 
 52 
 
 and present state of the Fur Trade of that c'(^uutry." 
 
 IlhistratcMl with ]Maps. London, 1801. 1 vol. 8yo. 
 
 Philadelphia, 1802. 1 vol. 8vo. 
 
 Sir Alexander Mackenzie was the first white man to reach the 
 Arctic Ocean, by the river which bears his name, and the first who 
 crossed the Rocky Mountains and readied the Pacific. There are 
 few more vahiable contributions to tlie history of travel, and his 
 narrative is still read and lield in the highest estimation. 
 
 "Sketch of His Majesty's province of Up[ier Canada," 
 
 by D'Arcy Boulton, Barrister-at-Law. London, 1805. -Ito. 
 
 This quarto volume is dedicated to the King [George III.]. It 
 is the recommendation of Upper Canada as a field of emigration to 
 the British settler. The opening sentence is typical of the tone of 
 the book. "An honest man, with industry, may live there in 
 greater ease and with less labour tlian in any part of the continent 
 with which I am acijuainted."' Tlie volume is ralualde for the 
 information it gives of the period. It describes the districts and 
 character of the settlements, and the local detail it furnislies will 
 be invaluable to the county historian. The appendix contains an 
 account of the several townships, alphabetically arranged. 
 
 George Heriot. " Travels through the Canadas, contain- 
 ing a description of the picturesque scenery t a some of the 
 Kivers and Lakes ; with an account of the productions, 
 commerce, and inhabitants of those I'rovinces : to which is 
 subjoined a com})arative view of the manners and customs 
 of several of the Indian Xations of North and South 
 America. Illustrated with a map and munerous engravings, 
 from drawings made at the several places by the author." 
 London, 1807. 4to. 
 
 On the appearance of this work, exception was taken to the some- 
 what minute geographical description of the second part. It is 
 this feature of the narrative which to-day gives any value to the 
 work with the local antiquary. Mr. Heriot was deputy postmaster- 
 general of British North America. 
 
 Hugh (Jray. " Letters from Canada, written during a resi- 
 
 1 ' n,l 
 
53 
 
 donee there in the years 1806, 1807, and 1808, shewing the 
 present state of Canada, its productions, trade, connnereial, 
 and ])olitical relations. Ilhistrative of the laws and manners 
 of the people and the peculiarities of tlie country and cliuKite. 
 Exliihiting also the commercial importance of Nova Scotia, 
 Xew Brunswick, and Caiie Ih'eton ; and their increasing al)il- 
 ity, in conjunction with Canada, to furnish the necessary sup- 
 ])lies of Lumber and ])rovisions to our West India Islands." 
 London, 1809. 8vo. 2nd Edition, 1814. 
 
 This vohnne is evidently the result of much study and reflection. 
 While it considers the resources and capabilities of the province, it 
 relates suthcient of its history to admit of political speculation. 
 Mr. <4ray looked upon the division of Canada into two provinces as 
 having been unwise, and recommended their re-union as a matter 
 easy of accomplishment. 
 
 Alexander Henry. " Travels and Adventures in Canada 
 ami in the Indian Territories, hetM'een the years 1760 and 
 1776." Xew York, 1809. 8vo. 
 
 It is to Henry's narrative that we are indebted to a knowledge of 
 the seizure of the fort at Michillimackinac in 1763 by the Indians. 
 Independently of the account of this event, and the interest con- 
 nected with Henry's personal career, the work is valuable as a pic- 
 ture of the times and the descrijjtion of the customs and manners 
 of l)och the Indian and the Indian traders. 
 
 John Mil's Jackson. " A View of the jjolitical Situation 
 of the province of Upper Canada, in Xorth America ; in 
 which her physical ca])acity is stated ; the means of diminish- 
 ing her burden, increasing her value, and securing her con- 
 nci'tion to (Ireat Britain, are fully considered." London, 
 1809. 8vo. 
 
 Mr. Jackson inherited a tract of land in the province of Quebec, 
 and visited Lower Canada to investigate his title. He proceeded to 
 Upper Canada, and was so much pleased with what he saw, that he 
 determined to purchase property and settle there. .Subsequently, 
 
 
 i 
 

 r 
 
 54 
 
 considering "neither his person nor property secure," he relin- 
 quished the project. With this feeling he published the volume. 
 He complains of the mode in which, in the days of Governor 
 Simcoe and Mr. Russell, grants of land had been obtained, and of 
 the exorbitant fees exacted. Indeed, he calls in question the whole 
 system of land grants ; he arraigns the courts of law ; he defends 
 Mr. Justice Tliorpe, and pronounces Governor Gore's conduct to 
 him to be unjust; he speaks of the "ruinous expenditure and 
 mismanagement of the public money ; " he appeals on these matters 
 to the Imperial Parliament. The appendix contains several docu- 
 ments not without importance. 
 
 Jolm Laiiilnn't. " Travels through Canada and the United 
 States of North America, in the years 1806, 1807 and 1808. 
 To whicli are added, biographical notices and anecdotes of 
 some of the leading characters in the United States ;" with a 
 map and numerous engravings. London, Lst Edition, 2 
 vols., 1810; 2nd Ed., 2 vols., 1813; 3rd Ed., 2 vols., cor- 
 rected and imju-oved, 1816. 
 
 The first volume is devoted to Canada, the second to the United 
 States. Lambert landed at Quebec in October, 1806. He furnishes 
 a picture of the place of that date, and descriljes the social manners, 
 dress and political events which were happening, with more than 
 the usual care bestowed by the passing traveller. Much of his 
 historical narrative, however, is not in accordance with fact, having 
 been disproved by authentic docur^ents. From Quebec he visited 
 Three Rivers and Montreal, and ascending Lake Champlain entered 
 the United States. Lambert remained at Quebec from November, 
 1806, to August, 1807. He came back to Canada in 1808, in order to 
 obtain a passage home. We loarn from this work that at this date, 
 both at Quebec and Montreal, the theatre had been establislied and 
 performances periodically given. His account does not suggest 
 that the acting was of a high order. 
 
 M. Smith. "A Geographical View of the Province of 
 Upper Canada, and promiscuous remarks U|)on the CJovern- 
 ment ; in 2 parts, with an appendix : containing a complete 
 description of Niagara Falls, and remarks relative to the 
 
55 
 
 situation of the lulmhitaiits respecting the AVar." Phila- 
 delphia, 1813. pp. 118. 12mo. 
 
 Tliis book reached a otli Edition. The title of the 4th and 5th 
 editions was chjinged to : — 
 
 "A Geographical View of the British possessions in Xorth 
 America, comprehending Xuva Scotia, Xew Brunswick, Xew 
 Britain, Lower and I"j»per Canada, with all the country to 
 the Frozen Sea, on the Xorth and I\acific Ocean on the 
 West ; Avith an ajipendix containing a concise history of the 
 war in Canada to the date of this volume." By ^T. Smith, 
 author of the "View of Ujiper Canada." Baltim<jre, 1814. 
 Gth Edition, Lexington, 1816. 
 
 New Britain was the name given to that part of Labrador situate 
 between the o9th and Goth degrees of latitude. 
 
 The book is of value from giving a description of the social and 
 political conditions of Upper Canada in the years of war from 1812 
 to 1814, from the stcanding-point of a United States citizen. 
 
 Mr. M. Smith tells us in his preface that in 1812 he had obtained 
 permission of lieut. -governor Gore to publish the volume, when war 
 was declared by the United States government. Being a citizen of 
 tlie republic and not being willing to take the oath of allegiance, he 
 oljtained passports for his own country. His MSS. having been 
 taken from him before he left Canada, he was forced to supply their 
 place from his rough notes. 
 
 One is somewhat puzzled to explain the pid)lication of the volume 
 under such conditions at this date, unless on the theory tliat the 
 publishers considered it advisable to furnish information concerning 
 the country to the north so soon to be a prey to the con([ueror ! 
 
 Sir David William Smyth, Bart. "A Short Topo- 
 graphical description of His Majesty's Province of Upper 
 Canada, in Xorth America. To which is added a Provincial 
 Cazetteer." London, 1799. pp. 166. 8vo. 2nd Edition, 
 1)0. 1813. pp. 123. 8vo. 
 
 The following remarks are appended : *' The accompany- 
 
wr 
 
 56 
 
 w 
 
 ing Xotes find CJazetteer were drawn up ))y David William 
 Symtli, the very able Surveyor-Cjreneral of the province of 
 Ui)per Canada, at the desire of Major-(icneral Siincoe, on 
 the plan of those of the late Captain Hutchins for the River 
 Ohio and the countries adjacent." 
 
 The co])y in the Parliamentary Liljrary is the second edi- 
 tion, " revised and corrected l)y Francis Gore, Esq., Lieut.- 
 Governor." London, 1813. 
 
 The work is valuable from the statistical information it furnishes. 
 
 Hon. Jonathan Sewell, LL.I). " A Plan for the Federal 
 Union of the Uritish Provinces in Xorth America." 
 London, 1814. 
 
 " On the Advantages of Opening tlie River St. Lawrence 
 to the Cfjnimerce of the AVorld." Do. 1814. 
 
 Mr. Sewell was afterwards Chief Justice of Lower Canada. 
 
 David AndfM'son. " Canada : or a view of the importance 
 of the ]>ritisli-American Colonies, shewing their Extensive 
 and Improveable Resources, and pointing out the great and 
 unprecedented advantages which have been allowed to the 
 Americans over our own colonists ; together with the great 
 sacrifices wliich have been made by onr late commercial 
 regulations of the commerce and the carrying trade of Great 
 Britain to the L^nited States," «.l'c., &c. London, 1814. 8vo. 
 
 The declared object of this work was to shew the importance of 
 the Canadas, with a view to adequate measures being taken for 
 their defence ; and in condemnation of the policy by which the in- 
 terests of British ship owners and North American colonists had 
 been sacrificed to the United States. The writer had passed several 
 years in British North America. The work is written in the in- 
 terest of the carrying trade, and is confined to the investigation of 
 the subjects which the in(|uiry suggests. 
 
 J. Melish. *' Military documents concerning the Opera- 
 
0< 
 
 tioiis of the British Army under General Wolfe in 1759-60, 
 and concerning the War of 1812." Philadel])liia, 1814. 8vo. 
 "Travels in the TTnited States of America in the years 
 1806 and 1807, and 1809, 1810 and 1811, including an 
 account of jiassages between America and IJritain, and 
 Travels through various parts of (Ireat Jiritain, Ireland and 
 Upper Canada." Illustrated ])y eight niai)s. 2 vols. Phila- 
 delphia, 1812, 1818. London, 1818. Dul)lin, 1818. German 
 edition, Weimar, 1819. 8vo. 
 
 This work is nientiouecl owing to its having been incliulecl in tlie 
 catalogue of Moiks ];earing upon Canada. The autlior, who had 
 served an apprenticeship in Ghisgow, in 1806 resolved to commence 
 business on his own account, and in this year sailed to the United 
 States. We learn (p. 497) that he never crossed the Niagara river 
 from Lewiston to Queenston, " the wind was blowing so strong." 
 He, however, gave five pages of the information with regard to 
 Canada which he could gather from books. The volume, in view of 
 Canada, is without tlie least importance. The text suggests that 
 the writer's sympathy with the United States was of no limited 
 cliaracter. 
 
 John Kardlev-Wilmot, F.R.S. " Historical View of the 
 Commission for Inquiring into the losses, services and claims 
 of the xVmerican Loyalists, at the close of the War between 
 Great Britain and her Colonies in 1783 ; with an account of 
 the compensation granted to them by Parliament in 1785 
 and 1788." London, 1815. 8vo. 
 
 This work is important for reference in (questions affecting the 
 treatment of the American loyalists. It must always be referred 
 to with great interest by the descendants of the U. E. loyalist 
 families who first came to Canada. It enters into the histories of 
 Articles IV., V., VI^ of the Treaty of Versailles, by whicli the 
 rights of the royalists were protected. The author contends that 
 the " utmost possible pains were taken to procure more substantial 
 Terms for the Loyalists " . . . " further, that the Treaty was 
 on the point of breaking off on this account alone." 
 
 il 
 
 1 
 
 ! 1 
 
fr 
 
 ^i 
 
 m 
 
 58 
 
 Joseph Bouc'lietto, Lieut. -Colonel. (1.) *'A Topnoirapliical 
 description of the Province of Lower Ciuiada, witli remarks 
 upon Upper Cauiuhi, and on tlie relative connection of hotli 
 provinces with the United States of America." London, 
 1815. R. 8v(.. Plates 17. Also in French. 
 
 (2.) "The Ih'itish Dominions in Xorth America, or a 
 topographical and statistical description of the Provinces of 
 Lower and L^p[)er Canada, Xew Hrunswick, Xova Scotia, 
 the islands of Xewfoundland, Prince Edward and Cape 
 Breton, including considerations on land granting and emi- 
 gration, and a To})()graphical l)i(!tionary of Lower Canada; 
 to whicii are annexed statistical tables and tables of 
 distances." Published with the author's maps of Lower 
 Canada, in conse(]uence of a vote of the Provincial Legisla- 
 ture. Kndu'llished with vignettes, views, landsca[)es, })lans 
 of towns, harbours, &c.; containing also a copious appendix. 
 London, 1831. 3 vols. 4to. 
 
 Colonel Bouchette was at this period surveyor-general of Lower 
 Canada, and, accordingly, he had access to maps, documents and 
 otticial reports, which to a great extent assured the accuracy of his 
 work. His volumes, consec^uently at the time, were of the greatest 
 value, and long remained the text book of the province. They 
 contain a representative view of the Dominion at that date. They 
 are often referred to, and are to be found in every library. Colonel 
 Bouchette's careful and conscientious work remains an admirable 
 example to all who desire to write upon the subject in modern 
 times. 
 
 Jose})h Sansom. " Sketches of Lower Canada, historical 
 
 and descriptive ; with the Author's Recollections of the soil 
 
 and aspect, the morals, habits and religious institutions of 
 
 that isolated country ; during a Tour to Quebec, in the 
 
 month of July, 1817." Xew York, 1817. 12mo. 
 
 This volume, dedicated to DeWitt Clinton, is a short record of 
 the travels of an United States citizen. It is the tourist "s ordinary 
 
 • ! 
 
59 
 
 ncarrative, of no interest at present. He tells, howewir, that at 
 that date salmon were plentiful in the Jacques Cartier River. 
 
 Joliii Lewis Tlioinson. "Historical Sketc.ios of tho late 
 "War between the United States and Great Britain, Mended 
 with anecdotes illustrative of the Individual IJraverv of 
 the American Sailors, Soldiers and Citizens ; emhcllished 
 with Portraits of the most distin<,niishcd Xaval and ^Military 
 ( )i}icers : and accompanied hy Views of Several Sieges and 
 Engagements." Philadelphia. 12mo. 1st Edition, 1816. 
 5th Edition, 1818. 
 
 This work is the history of the war of 1812, by a United States 
 citizen. Its title suggests its character. 
 
 Lieut. Edward Chappell. " Xarrative of a voyage to 
 Hudsc.i's Bay in His Majesty's Ship 'Rosamund'; contain- 
 ing some account of the Xorth Eastern coast of America, 
 and of the Tribes inhabiting that remote region." London, 
 
 1817. 8vo. 
 
 " Voyage to Newfoundland and the Southern Coast of 
 
 Labrador, of which countries no account has l)een published 
 
 since the reign of Queen Elizabeth." London, 1818. 8vo. 
 
 The former is a narrative of a voyage to York factory. Contain- 
 ing much information, the book is useful for genei'al reference ; it 
 speciallj' relates the voyage to Hudson's Bay of La Perouse in 1782 
 with a line of battle ship and two frigates. With this force he 
 expected to capture the company's ships in their annual voyage 
 with their rich cargo of furs and oil. Both of these vessels eluded 
 his attack and escaped. La Perouse, angered at his want of 
 success, burned York factory. Lieut. Chappel proceeded some 
 distance up Hayes' River. He was the first, I believe, who gave in 
 map of the route by the Nelson River to Lake Winnipeg, made 
 from the explorations of Mr. William Hillier, a master in the royal 
 navy. 
 
 Francis Hall, Lieut. 14th Light Dragoons. "Travels in 
 Canada and the United States in 1816 and 1817." London, 
 
 1818. 8vo. 
 
 II 
 
 III 
 
"• i; 
 
 60 
 
 ',1 
 
 m 
 
 Mr. Hall arrived in winter, ami in the following July proceeded 
 to Kainouraska, crossed to Malbaie and returned to Quebec. The 
 narrative is not very lively, l)ut we read names we meet at this 
 day. He returned to Montreal and reached Kingston, where he 
 crossed to Sackett's Harbour and pursued his travels in the United 
 States. 
 
 Jolin Palmer. " Journal of Travels in the United States 
 of Xorth America and Lower Canada, i)erformed in the year 
 1817; containing particulars relating to the prices of land 
 and i)rovisions, remarks on the country and people, interest- 
 ing anecd(jtes, and an account of the commerce, trade and 
 present state of AVashington, Xew York, Philadelphia, 
 Boston, Paltimore, Al])any, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, Lexing- 
 ton, (^)uohec, Montreal, &c. To which are added a descrip- 
 tion of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and ^Missouri, and a variety of 
 other useful information, t^'c." [With a map.] London, 
 
 1818. 8vo. 
 
 About thirty pages only of this volume are devoted to Canada. 
 Palmer was present at a bufl'alo baiting. There were seven bull 
 dogs brought against the male and female buffalo. The dogs were 
 easily beaten oil' by the male. Both the poor brutes bore the signs 
 of many sucli encounters. He also describes a charivari which 
 took place after a M. Ballet, an elderly member of the House of 
 Assembly, had married his maid. The unfortunate husband 
 endeavoured to resist, but, finally, had to pay the tax for the poor, 
 which his riotous visitors exacted. 
 
 Thomas, Earl of Selkirk. (1.) "Sketch of the British Fur 
 Trade in Xorth America, with observations relative to the 
 Xorth- West Company of Montreal." London, 1816. pp. 130. 
 8vo. Xew York, 1818. In French, Montreal, 1819. 
 
 (2.) "A letter to the Earl of Liverpool from the Earl of 
 Selkirk, accompanied by a Correspondence with the Colonial 
 Department (in the years 1817, 1818, 1819), on the subject 
 of the Ked River Settlement in Xorth America." London, 
 
 1819. pp.224. 8vo. Prnited for private distribution only. 
 
61 
 
 The Earl of Selkirk will always be remembered in Canadian 
 history as the founder of the Red River Settlement in 1817. His 
 career in the North-West is an important chapter of history, 
 marked by difficulty and bloodshed, concerning which much has 
 been published. The several memoirs on the suV)ject, printed by 
 Selkirk at the time, were for private circulation only. It was not 
 until the union of the Hudson's Bay and the North-West Com- 
 panies, in 1821, that peace was assured, and the settlement was 
 continued under certain limitations. 
 
 H. B. Frearoii. " Sketclies in America." 1818. 8vo. 
 
 This work has reference only to the United States. The author 
 arrived in New York 5th August, 1817, and left for England May 
 10th, 1818, having made the tour of the Eastern and Western 
 
 States. 
 
 Jolin Douglas. " Medical Top(igi-a[)liy of Upper Canada." 
 London, 1819. 
 
 The author served as assistant surgeon in the 8th regiment until 
 1816. I have not seen this work. 
 
 Gilbert, J. Hunt. "The late War between the United 
 States and Great Britain, from June, 1812, to February, 
 1815, written in the ancient historical style." 3rd Edition. 
 Xew York, 1819. 
 
 The narrative is carried on in chapter and verse in tiie phrase- 
 ology of the Bible. 
 
 There is another rare work of this character in the Parliamentary 
 Library at Ottawa : — 
 
 " The History of the American Revolution in Scripture style, to 
 which is added the Declaration of Independence, the C'onstitution 
 of the United ^States of America, and the interesting farewell 
 address of General Washington." Frederick County, Md. Printed 
 and published by Matthew Bartgis at Pleasant Dale Paper Mill, 
 1823. 
 
 This book has been attributed to ? ' . R. Snowdens. 
 
 Charles Frederick Grece. *' Facts and Observations 
 
 I 1 
 
' III 
 
 62 
 
 respoctiiij,' Caiiiula ami the United States of America, afford- 
 ing a e()m[)arative view of the inducements to Emigration 
 presented to those countries. To wliich is added an appendix 
 of Practical Instructions to Emigrant Settlers in the British 
 Colonies." London, 1819. i»p. xv. and 172. 8vo. 
 
 The design of this book was to give a view of the agricultural 
 condition of the province, the cost of clearing land, and to set forth 
 the circumstances under which an emigrant should endeavour to 
 establisli himself. Many details and much general information are 
 given. This book is a representation of Canada of half a century 
 back, considered from the author's point of view. 
 
 E. .Mackenzie. "An Historical, Topographical and Descrip- 
 tive View of the United States of America and of Upper and 
 Lower Canada ; with an Appendix, containing a brief and 
 com})rehensivo sketch of the present state of Mexico and 
 8outh .Vmerica ; and also of the Xative Tribes of the Xew 
 AVorld." 2m\ Edition. Xewcastle-upon-Tyne, 1819. 8vo. 
 AVith maps and engravings. 
 
 The allusion to Canada is very brief ; the work appears to have 
 been compiled from the statements of previous writers i-ather than 
 from personal oljservation. 
 
 Benjamin Silliman. "Remarks made on a Short Tour 
 between Hartford and Quebec, in the autumn of 1819." 
 Xew Haven, 1820. 12mo. 
 
 Mr. Silliman entered Canada by Lake Champlain, and visited 
 Montreal and Quebec. It is the record of a journey made by a man 
 of education. It is pleasantly written and attracted attention at 
 the time, but to-day it is without interest. 
 
 Gabriel Franchere. " Relation d'un Voyage a la cote du 
 Nord-Ouest de I'Amerique Septentrionale dans les annees 
 1810, 11, 12, 13 et U." Montreal, 1820. 8vo. 
 
 From the place of publication the volume may at first be con- 
 sidered as belonging to Quebec bibliography. The narrative has, 
 
r 
 
 63 
 
 however, no relation to that province. Francliere waa one of 
 suvcral Canadians who entered into the aervicn of the Pacitic Kur 
 Company, the principal personage of which waa Mr. John Jacob 
 Ahtor. They proceeded to Fort Astoria on the Pacific. The Com- 
 pany e\X'ntually sold their property to the North-VVest Company 
 of Canada. Franchere declined to transfer his services to the 
 ]iurchasers, and returned by an overland journey to Montreal. The 
 party making this journey ascended the Columbia to the great bend, 
 and crossed the mountains to follow the River Athabasca, and the 
 now well-known route to Lake Superior. Leaving Fort George, 
 the new name given to Astoria, on the 4th of April, Franchere 
 and those accompanying him arrived at Montreal on the 1st of 
 September. The original MS. is in the possession of the Public 
 Library, Toronto. 
 
 C. Stuart. " The Emigrants' Guide to Ujjper Canada, or 
 .sketches of tlie present state of that Province, collected from 
 a residence therein during the years 1817, 1818, 1819, inter- 
 .'<})ersed with reflections by C. Stuart, Esq., retired ca})tain 
 of the Honourable the East India Company service^^and one 
 of liis ^Majesty's justices of the peace for the western district 
 of Upper Canada. 'Deliljerate, Decide and Dare.' " London, 
 1820. 12mo. • 
 
 Mr. Stuart formed an imfavourable opinion of the province. He 
 asks the question what was the benefit to be derived by the British 
 government taking steps to defend the country. 
 
 Daniel Williams Harmon. "A Journal of Voyages and 
 Travels in the Interior of Xorth America, between the 47th 
 and ')8th degrees of north latitude, extimding from ^Montreal 
 nearly to the Paciflc Ocean, a distance of near 5,000 miles ; 
 including an account of the principal occurrences during a 
 r(\sid( lice of nineteen years in different parts of the country ; 
 to -which are added a concise description of the face of the 
 country, its inhabitants, their manners, customs, laws, reli- 
 gion, cNcc." Andover, 1820. 8vo. 
 
 I ill 
 
 )J I 
 
 i-:''lt 
 
fT 
 
 
 04 
 
 m 
 
 )':i 
 
 Mr. Harmon left Lachine in 1800 with a party of the Morth-West 
 C()iiii)any, and led the life of a fur trader in the region of tlie Rocky 
 Mountains until 181!(, when he returued to Montreal. He was 
 engaged at many of the .stations on tlie Fra.ser and at I'euce River, 
 having lived eight and a half years west of the Rooky Mountains. 
 His work is valualile in many respects, throwing mueh liglit on 
 those «lay8, especially from his ex])erienee of Indian life. 
 
 "A few pLiin (lirf'ction.s for person.-; intcinliii^' to proceod 
 ii.s .settler.s to His .Majesty's jjrovincc of rjijn r ('aiuuln, ii» 
 North Aniericji. Poiutiiij.; out tlic Ix'st ]\>v\ t'l cnibiirk at 
 for (jMiel)ce. Provisions ami other things ne<'es,sary to he 
 provi(h'(l fiM- tlu! Voyage," iV:c., (Ve., S:c. IJy an Knglish 
 farmer settled in T^])j)er CanacUi. London, 1820. iL'nio. 
 
 The adviee given in these pages to emigrants is still iipplicable, 
 although the ccinditions deseribed are changed. Much that is said 
 holds good for the traveller; for instance, he is warned to look after 
 his bnggage. The "farmer" tells us, "a small trunk or other light 
 article nuiy easily he taken away by another j)a.s.senger t/iroiujk 
 tiiMukc,'^ The taverns of the localities are also dcscrilieil. One 
 matter for surprise is the higii fees exacted on the issue of 
 patents for land, a table of which he gives. There is nmch infor- 
 mation couceruing the wild animals, the forest ti-ees, and the farm 
 produce ot the province. The book is naturally written aiul was of 
 use in tiie condition of the countiy. 
 
 J. Straehan. "A Visit to the Provinee of T'i)per Canada 
 in "1819." Aberdeen, 1820. 8vo. 
 
 The author, the brother of the still well remembered Bishop of 
 Toionto, visited the pi-ovince in 1819. Having been separated from 
 his brother for moi'(i than tv/euty-tive years, the main object of 
 sailing from Abeideen was once more to see him. He describes the 
 c(ntntiy, its advantages, its geography, the cost of living. As he 
 had bad tlie opportunity of meeting many distinguished jjersons, he 
 relates some of the convei'sations held with theni, thiowing light on 
 several points in dispute. Among other matters he alludes to Mr. 
 Gourlay's career. .Some of the stories told are full of iiumour. 
 
 ■ ' 
 
65 
 
 A. Aiiios. *' KopDi't (if trialH in tlu' Courts i)f (Jmuulii, 
 n'liitivc to tho (leHtnictiiiu of the Karl of Selkirk's sottlcinpiit 
 -III the K<'(1 River; ^vith observutiuiis." London, \S'20. 
 )>I). iv. and 38!S. Hvo, 
 
 We have in these pages reports of the trials of the parties 
 implicated in the outrages coniuiitted on Lord Selkirk's settlement, 
 i'our persons were tiied in Montreal in May, 1818, liefore ('iiief- 
 .liistice Monk and dudge Howen. Two others wore tried at Toronto 
 in OnL()l)er, 1H18, liefore a full bench, for tlie imirder of (Jovernor 
 Sfuiple on the I7th of dune, 1810, at the well-known encounter at 
 Seven Oaks. Other parties were included in tlie arraignment, but/ 
 they did not appear. They were all found " iiot guilty." 'i'licse 
 trials, witii three others of the same character, are reported in full,^ 
 liie object of the puMication of the Ixjok hcing, it is .said, to illus- 
 trate the adndiustration of justice in Cana<la, with regard to the 
 Xorth-West ; the gi-eatest criminals escaping all legal consequence 
 I if their mi.sdeeds, from the protection of the North-West Company. 
 
 There are a great many puldication.s extant, which were written 
 at this time, on the rival claims of tlie North-West ami Hudson's 
 I5ay t-ompanies ; some of a few pages, in other cases they present a 
 good sized volume. JH)r a time the antagonistic pretensions of 
 these two V)odie8 were advocated with much acrimony. It is not 
 jio.s.sihle in this calendar to enter into the circumstances of this old 
 liuarrel, the result of which has passed out of memory with the 
 (Vents which characterized it. The history is to be sought in many 
 narratives, written in much bitterness of spirit, mai^y of the writers 
 having been prominent actors in the dispute. 
 
 1 tlo not conceive it to be a part of my dutj- to re-integrate these 
 torgottcn volumes. The events winch tliuy rec<n'd are oi)ly of local 
 interest, and do not bear upon the history of Canada of that period. 
 
 1). l)ainvi]le. " Beautes de I'liistoire dii Canada ou 
 l!]HMjiics iut'nioral)les, traits interessants, nia?urs, usages, 
 " utmnes des Halntans du Canada, tant indigenes que 
 t'lil'ins, depuis sa decouverte jusqii'a ce jour." Paris, 1821, 
 
 111(1 
 
 ilie author of this work it is believed was Mr. Gustave liossange, 
 ihi' (inn of the well-known booksellei's at Paris. In a familiar 
 
w 
 
 ») 
 
 66 
 
 stj'lo he relates tlie tii-st voyages of discovery, and the settlement 
 and early years of ^^ue^ec, with a compressed narrative of the 
 history of the country to the date of publication. In the same 
 foi-m he <h;scril)es Lhe manners and customs of the Indians. 
 
 This voluiiKj woidil still he useful to any one knowhig nothing of 
 the subject, desirous of rapidly gaining some information regarding 
 it; provided he did not look for critical accuracy of the facts 
 presented. The seventy years which have elapsed since its appear- 
 ance have niucli niddiHed many of the opinions expressed. The 
 book, however, is simply and naturally written, and may be taken 
 as a model for a work of a similar character. 
 
 C. Sinarl. "The Eniif;rant'.s f^iiide to Up})t'r Canada : or 
 Sketelics (<( tlic present State (if tliut Province, (',(_illccte<l 
 from a resilience therein during the }ears 1817, 1818, 1819. 
 Interspersed Avith retiectinns." London, 1821. pj). 335. 
 12 mo. \ 
 
 I have not been able to meet this A^olume. 
 
 llenrv J. Finn. " I^rontgdniery ; or, tlio Falls of Mont- 
 niorenci. A ]iv\v national drama." Boston, 1821. 
 
 Tiie author, an actor, made his first appeai-ance in Montreal in 
 1811. 
 
 John HoAvison. "Sketches of Upper Canada, Domestic, 
 
 Local and Characteristic : to which are added I'ractical 
 
 Details for the information of Emigrants of every class, and 
 
 some Recollections of the United States." Edinlnirg, 1821. 
 
 8vo. 
 
 The Avriter of this volume ti'avelled from Quebec through Canada 
 to Sandwich, where he crossed the Detroit River to pass into the 
 United States. We do not meet with any profound observations, 
 but the author, is ahvnys sensible, and, not writing for eflect, gener- 
 ally expresses himself with fairness and accuracj'. He formed 
 definite views from what he expei'ienced, and points out, that to 
 those desirous of Ijeing exempt from the restrictions of fashion ami 
 ceremony, with small incomes and moderate expectations, Canada 
 couhl not fail to be an agreeable place of residence. 
 
67 
 
 Will. Daltoii. "Tmvcls in the UiiitoAl States of America 
 and i)art of Upi)er Canada." Appk'])y, 1821. 12mo. 
 
 This traveller crossed the river Niagara at Fort Erie and reached 
 (jlueenston, whence he passed over to Lewiston. It was the only 
 "part of Upi)er Canada" visited by him. 
 
 Roliert Lamond, Secretary and Agent. "A narrative of 
 the rise and progress of emigration from the counties of 
 Lanark and Kenfrew to the new setth'inents in Upper 
 Canad 1, in government grant, comprising tlie lu'oceedings of 
 the (jhisgow Committee, for directing tlie aifairs and 
 emharkation of the Societies ; Avith a map of the Townships, 
 Designs for Cottages and a Plan of the Ship 'Karl of 
 Buckinghamshire,' also interesting letters from the settle- 
 ments." Glasgow, 1821. 8vo. 
 
 Tliis is a brief acconnt of the emigration which took place in 
 lS'20-21, from the western counties of Scotland to the Perth or 
 Ijatluirst districts of Upper Canada. Subscriptions were obtained 
 to assist those emigrating, and committees were formed, so that 
 those leaving their homes might do so on conditions as favourable 
 as possible. 
 
 P. Stanshiiry. "A Pedestrian Tour of 2,300 miles in 
 ^^'nrtli America, to the Lakes, the Canadas and the Xew 
 England States, performed in the autumn of 1821 (with 
 engravings)." 2S'ew York, 1822. 12nio. 
 
 The writer, a citizen of the United States, frequently introduces 
 historical narrative, written from his own national standing -point. 
 It is n(jt a work to repay perusal. 
 
 Kobert Fleming (lourlay. "General Introdnction to Sta- 
 tistical Account of Up})er Canada, compiled with a view to a 
 grand system of Emigration, in connexion with a reform of 
 the poor Laws." London, 1822. 8vo. 
 
 " Statistical Account of Cpper Canada (Avith ^Nlaps)." 
 2 vols. London, 1822. 
 
rr- 
 
 I ^' 
 
 68 
 
 It will be seen by this calendar that !Mr. Gourlay commenced the 
 pul)lication of pamphlets as early as 1818. The above work did not 
 appear until four years later. His name will be preserved on account 
 of the cruel treatment he received ; he was imprisoned as an alien, 
 and as a seditious person l)rought within the meaning of the statute 
 of 1804. When it is remembered that Mr. Gourlay was a Scotch- 
 man ])y birth, this painful proceeding would appear almost impos- 
 sible. A writ of haheas corpii.^ was granted, but bail was refused, 
 (iourlay accordingly remained in Xiagara jail, where he was treated 
 with great harshness. He was finally tried for refusing to obey an 
 order to leave the province. He was foinid guilty, and forced to 
 take his departure ; by the way of the United States he reached 
 England. The event took place in the administration of Sir 
 Peregrine Maitland. The act, however, in no way affected his 
 positi(m as lieutenant-governor, for lie remained in Canada until 
 1828. How history will judge the proceeding is another matter. 
 
 John j\Icl)bnal(l. " Xarrativo of a voyage to (j^uebec, and 
 journey from thence to Xew Lanark in tapper Canada, 
 detailing the liardshi[KS and difhcidties whieh an emigrant 
 has to encounter, l)efore and after liis settlement ; with an 
 account of tlie country as regards its climate, soil and the 
 actual condition of its inhabitants." (ilasg(.)w, 1822. 8vo. 
 
 The writer, as one may conceive by the title, does not give a 
 cheerful view of an emigrant's life. He reached Prescott, Avhere he 
 remained three weeks, and then proceeded on his journey. He left 
 the Saint Lawrence at Brockville, and reached Perth ; and started 
 for New Lanark, fourteen miles distant. In liis journey McDonald 
 l)roke one of his ril)s. Entertaining extremely religious \iews, he 
 was fretpiently pained at the somewhat free life of the settlers. 
 The circulation of many works of this character would not have 
 Ijeen a great encouragement to emigration. 
 
 John AVilliam IJannister. "Sketches of plans for settling 
 in Ujjper Canada a portion of the Unemj)loyed Labourers of 
 (Ircat lU'itain and Ireland." By a settler. London, 182L 
 8vo. 2nd Ed., 1822. 3rd Ed., 182G. 
 
 The object to l)e attained in the view of the writer was the settle- 
 
69 
 
 inent of the country by such as were indigent, in which the province 
 sliouW assist. One of his schemes Mas that the cost of the voyage 
 to Canada shouhl be borne l)y the mother country, that the province 
 shouM construct what is nov,- know a as the Trent river canal, and 
 that 6,000 immigrants, men, women and chihh'en, shouhl be estab- 
 Hshed in the neigh1)ourhood of tlie works at government expense. 
 Tlie subject of the Indians of Upper CanacUi also received attention. 
 Another work of this writer, "Emigration to Canada," 1831, 8vo. , 
 is the same book with some additional remarks as to Nova Scotia. 
 
 Jolin ^r. Duncan. " Ti'uvols throngli part of the United 
 States and Canada, 1818 and 1819." (Hasgow, 1823. 2 vols., 
 
 8vo. 
 
 Mr. Duncan entered Canada from Black Kock, near Buffalo. 
 After visiting the falls he descended tlie Saint Lawrence to 
 Montreal and Quebec, and after a stay of two months, October and 
 November, he continued his journey in the United States. His 
 observations are tli --le of tlie tourist who feels that he has sonie- 
 tliing to say. T<> ul_) they have little interest. 
 
 H. AVilson. "Tlie AVanderer in America, or Truth at 
 
 Home; comprising a statement of observations and facts 
 
 relative t(.) the UniUnl States and (Amada, North America ; 
 
 the result of an Extensive Personal Tour, and from Sources 
 
 of Information the most Authentic;; including soil, climate, 
 
 inaaners, and customs, of civilized inhabitants and Indians, 
 
 anecdotes, iV'c, of distinguished characters." 
 
 " I will a round, unvarnished tale deliver." 
 " * * nothing extenuate 
 
 " Or set down aught in malice. 
 
 Shakespeare. 
 Thirsk, 1823. Gs. 
 
 The volume contains a dedication to Lord Dalhousie, dated 
 (Jueliec, 1821. Mr. Wilson landed at New York, on which city he 
 makes his comments, and passed by Albany to Sackett's Harbour, 
 Lake Ontario, where he took the steamljoat for York [Toronto], 
 He extended his journey to Amherstl>urg, and revisiting York, he 
 
! I!' 
 
 70 
 
 I (I 
 
 descended the Saint Lawrence to Montreal. After a sliort stay in 
 the city he returned by the way of Lake Clianiplain to the States. 
 
 On leaving Canada, Mr. Wilson remarks, "I cannot l)Ut wonder 
 why England retains so unprofitable an appendage to her dominions, 
 the only answer tliere can be made will bear an analogy with 
 ^Montreal feeling, that is, Timhtr. One-half is l)oundless snow, 
 and the other half literally a wilderness ; it is a colony maintained 
 at enormous expence " [p. 62]. This strongly expressed view, witli 
 two sti'ophes to the " Memory of Tecumseh," Ijegimiing 
 
 " Tecumseh has no grave, but eagles dipt 
 Their ravening beaks, and drank his stout heart's tide," 
 
 formed Mr. Wilson's valedictory to Canada. 
 
 There is nmch criticism on matters having little relation one 
 with the other. It would be difficult to explain the author's 
 reasons for the publication of the volume, except Ijy the unfor- 
 tunate universiil failing of humanity : vanity. 
 
 liev. AVilliaiu IIcll. "Hints to Kiuigrauts ; in a .S(>vies of 
 letters from l'i»])er Canada. Illustrated Avitli a map and 
 ])lans." Kdinburgh, 1824. 23G])i). 12mo. 
 
 Tlie author, a minister of the Church of Scotland, in 1812, in 
 consequence of a petition to the l*resbytery of Kdinl)urgh, was 
 appointed minister of Perth, north of lirockville, in the then 
 district of Hathurst, and sent out with his family to Canada. He 
 explains, that the l)ook, which consists of a series of letters, was 
 piiblished to give information to emigrants, especially to those 
 designing to reach Perth and the northern settlements at Lanark, 
 lately connnenced. The consequence is, that we meet more in this 
 volume concerning this district, than in other similar publications 
 of the date. As a rule, attention was generally given to the route 
 by the Saint Lawrence to Toronto, and to those proceeding west 
 and north of that place. ]Mr. Bell dwelt forcil)ly on the fact that 
 many believed when they arrived at Quebec, their dilficulties were 
 over ; whereas, having landed, tlie expence of reaching their 
 destination in other parts of the province was as great as the cost 
 of the sea voyage. He describes naturally and pleasantly his 
 passage to Quel)ec, and his steamboat journey to Montreal, which 
 took some thirty-six hours. Mr. Bell tells us that some rollicking 
 
•>» 
 
 71 
 
 " ])ucks," as lie calls them, were on lioard, who caroused to a late 
 hour, when one of them went round to the passengers' berths, 
 awakenmg their occupants and asking them if they had seen s. mie 
 mythical personage. Those who conceived the joke were uproari- 
 ously merry over it. Afterwards, they diversified the entertain- 
 ment by dogdiowls, cat-calls, and the singing of a hynni, learned, 
 as the performer declared, at a mcthodist meeting. Everything 
 must come to an end, so these individuals retired, not creating on 
 Mr. Bell's mind a "favourable impression" "of the manners of 
 Canadian gentlemen." 
 
 ^Nlr. Bell ascended the Saint Lawrence in a Ixitcan. He left 
 Lachine on the 12th of June, and reached Prescott on the ISth. A 
 graphic account is given of his journey, extending over some pages 
 [40-00] ; as a picture of the mode of travelling of the time, it could 
 be profitably reprinted. 
 
 From Prescott Mr. Bell crossed by waggon to Perth, passing by 
 Brockville. He had his difficulties with his new parishioners ; on 
 this point the volume must be consulted. He gives a carefully 
 written description of Canada as he saw it, and he enters into much 
 which then happened, never, however, foi-getting that he is a 
 minister of his church. Thus, he tells us [p. 297]. " Sir Peregrine 
 Maitland, the present Lieutenant-CJovernor of the province of 
 Upper Canada, is a decided friend to religion. Every Sabbath day, 
 whether at home or aliroad, he attends public worship twice if he 
 has it in his power, and always conducts himself in the church with 
 the greatest revei'ence and propriety. Would to Cod tliat all great 
 men would imitate his example." His wife, the Lady Sarah 
 Maitland, she was the daughter of the duke of Pichmoml, with 
 whom ^[aitland, one of the handsomest men of his time, after 
 Waterloo ran away with, is equally commended. " the Sunday 
 schools . . in particular engaged her attention.'' A devotional 
 s])ii'it runs through the work, but it is restrained by sound sense. 
 The woi'k is in every i-espect readable, and it is particularly worthy 
 the attention of the local investigator, for he will find many facts 
 he can embody in his narrative. 
 
 INFossi's. SeAvoll, 8tuart, Rohinsnii and fttvaclian. " Plan 
 for a froiioral Legislativo Union of tlio P)riti.sli Provinces* in 
 Xorth America." London, 1824. 8vo. 
 
\m 
 
 fWS 
 
 72 
 
 Hi 
 
 f '; 
 
 [Attributed to Captain ]>laiicy]. "An Excursion tlirouf,']! 
 tlu; United States and Canada, durin*,' the years 1822-23. 
 By an Ku'-lisli gentleman." London, 1824. 8vo. 
 
 We can read liere the remarks of an educated gentleman, whose 
 object in visituig the United .States was to pass his time pleasantly, 
 and to obtain information. Very few pages are given to Canada. 
 He descended the Saint Lawrence from Niagara to Montreal, and 
 returned to Xew York by Lake Champlain. The Saint Lawrence 
 he descrilied as Ity far " tlie most beautiful river he had ever 
 seen." His preference, however, was given to the State of Xew 
 York, as he considered Canada to be without enterprise ; although 
 he was one of the earliest writeis who did justice to the climate of 
 the province. That of Upper Canada he considered as particidarly 
 fine. On the (jth of June he found the heat of the sun at Niagara 
 almost insupportable, and on that day he saw two hundred hum- 
 ming birds on th^ Canailian side of the river. 
 
 The volume, although pleasantly written, is of no value for 
 reference. 
 
 Adam Hodgson. "Letters from Xortli America, written 
 during a Tour in tlio L'nited States and Canada." London, 
 1824. 2 vols., 8vo. 
 
 These volumes are principally confined to the joiirney in the 
 United States. In 18*22 a flying visit was made to Montreal and 
 Quebec. Mr. Hodgson left Canada l)y Lake Champlain. His visit 
 included only a few days at the end of August and the commence- 
 ment of Septeml)er. 
 
 Lieut. J. C. ]\I organ, Royal ^Marines. "The Emigrant's 
 Note Book and (luide ; "witli Keeollections of Vp})er and 
 Lower Canada during the late War." London, 1824. 12mo. 
 
 Mr. Morgan was a lieutenant in the second battalion of the Royal 
 Marines, and served in the war. He was then on half-pay. He 
 writes from the standing-point of a IJritish officer Avith regard to 
 Canada. The volume contains a view of the Chaudi^re Falls, near 
 Quebec, drawn on stone by Harding. 
 
 Edward Allen Tal])ot. "Five years' residence in the 
 
73 
 
 Ciinadas, iiicludiii*.; a Tour throuffli i)art of the United States 
 
 of America in the year 18l^'i." London, 1824. 2 vols., 8vo. 
 
 Translated l)y M. Kries. Paris, 182^). 3 vols., Svo. 
 
 This f](l\\iir(l Talbot nuiHt not be confounded with the Hon. 
 Thomas T;dl)ot, of the '24th regiment, who came to Upper Canada 
 in U90 as private secretary to (Jovernor Simcoe, the founder of the 
 Talbot settlement, and who die<l in Fel)ruary, 1853. Mr. 'I'alljot's 
 work is a record of his experience, and is still a readable book. 
 After a geneial examination of tlie province witli his family, he 
 finally established himself in the Tall)ot district. He gives much 
 general information on many points. He observed with care the 
 habits of the wild animals and birds of the country, and collected 
 many facts concerning them, when to do so was more easy of attain- 
 ment than at present. He not only gave his attention to the beasts, 
 l)irds and insects, but also correctly desci'ibed the f(n'est, and 
 fruit bearing trees, with the vegetaldes which could be produced. 
 His observations extend to the condition of morality and religion. 
 At the same time, he endeavours to furnish a picture of the social 
 state of Canada embracing every condition ; he likewise connnents 
 upon the political institutions and the courts of law. Indeed, 
 it may l)e said that tliere is scarcely a subject which he has left 
 untouched ; he always leads to the belief that he has written care- 
 fully and conscientiously. 
 
 "A short sket(di of the Province of Upper Canaihi, for the 
 
 information of the lahouring poor throughout England, Sec, 
 
 <fcc. ]jy Henry John I)oulton, iV'c, «.V'c., liis ]\rajesty's 
 
 tSolieitor-General for the Province of Upi)er Canada." 
 
 London, 182G. 12mo. 
 
 This work, which is a pamphlet in favour of emigration, is only 
 included in this list owing to Mr. Boulton having been at this date 
 8olicitf)r-General of Upper Canada. His object in publishing the 
 volume was, as he puts it, "to afford information to the lower 
 classes." It calls for no especial remark. 
 
 ]>ishop Straehan. " Kcanarks on emigration from the 
 L'nited Kingdom. ]Jy dohn Straehan, ] ).!)., Archdeacon of 
 York, L'[»per Canada ; addressed to Kobert AVilniot Horton, 
 
' 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 III 
 
 74 
 
 Ks((., M.P., C'liiiiniiaii of the Select Coinniittoo of Knii;^fration 
 ill the, last I'arliaiiieiit." London, 1827. 8vo. 
 
 Tlie autliorof tin's \Vf)ik is best veiiiciiilKMed as Bishop of Toronto, 
 to which dignity lie was nominated in KS.SO. 'I'he work is in favour 
 of emigration to Canada, as extending relief to the redundant 
 population of the mother country ; on the ground that the colonies 
 offered " good neighhourhood, health, independence and even 
 opulence." After (hisci'ihiiig Uppei- and Lower Canada, the bishop 
 sets foi'th his scheme of government emigration, vi/. : that 7")0,000 
 persons should he sent at the expense of the state ; men, women 
 and children, ir)0,000 families. From Ii-eland, 100,000; Kngland, 
 40,000; .Scotland, 10,000; at the rate of 1."), 000 families annually. 
 The cost aninially would he one million and a half ])ounds, to he 
 divided, one million as the cluu'ge of Ireland, and half a million of 
 Knglanil and Scotland ; the money to l)e hftrrowed and to he repaid 
 hy a I'ate on land tiSiid houses ; after the seventh year of settlement 
 the enn"gi'ants to ])ay an assessment towards repayment of the 
 ex])enditui'e. Tiie author\s calculation was that at the end of 
 seventeen years the debt would he extinguished. It M'as one of the 
 many schemes pro])()sed, s(nnewhat discussed, and soon to he for- 
 gotten. In the "Memoir" of Uishop Strachan [llisho]) Ik'tluuie ; 
 Rowsell, Toronto, KS70], p. 117, a letter, '29th .Tanuary, 1827, is 
 given, in which the hisho]) relates, that he has written a pani])hlet 
 on " Kmigi'alion" of nearly 100 pages, and "an appeal of 21 pages 
 in favour of oui- College ;" also that he had neai'ly iinished an 
 ahridgement of the Kmigration Eepoi't of the Committee of the 
 House of Connnons, undeitaken at the re(piest of the undei'-secre- 
 tary for the colonies, Mr. Wilmot Horton. The I'eward he hoped 
 foi-, was the charter of the iniiversity. 
 
 Thomas Jolmston. " Travels throu,!:;h Lriwev Canada, 
 int(n'spersed with Canadian tales and aneedotes, and inter- 
 estiiiiL,' information to intendin,i^' emi,ni'ants." I'Minhnrrfh, 
 1827. 12mo. 
 
 I have not seen this book. 
 
 Hon. Frederick Fitzfiorald T>q Roos, Lieut. Tl.X. "Per- 
 sonal Xarrativc of Travcds in the L^'nited States ami Canada 
 
(.J 
 
 ill 182G, M'itli rcinavks on the in-esoiit state of the Amt'rican 
 Xavy (witli plates)." 1827. 8v(). 
 
 Lieutenant de Roos arrived at Qiiel)ec in H.M.S. "Jupiter." He 
 ascended the Saint Lawrence to Niagara, where, after passing some 
 pleasant hours, he returned to his starting point. His visit to the 
 United States led him to form the opinion that the naval strength 
 of tlie country had 1)een exaggerated. 
 
 A. C. niic'lianaii, Kmi^-ratiou A^a'ut, Quel tee. '' Emij^'ra- 
 tion practically considered, with detailed directions to Enii- 
 i^rants proceedin*,' to Ih'itish Xorth America."' London, 
 1828. 8vo. 
 
 A second edition was 1)rought out in 18.34. Mr. Buchanan held 
 the position of Emigration Agent for many years, until his death 
 in 1869. 
 
 P. Finan. "Journal of a vnvac;'e to (,)ueli('(' in the vear 
 1825, with rciutllections of Caiuula during the late American 
 War in the years 1812, 1813." Xcwry, 1828. 12mo. 
 
 The writer left Xewry in Ireland for (Quebec. The first lunidred 
 pages, one-fourth of the volume, are devoted to tlie accoimt oi his 
 voyage. The country is descril)ed as he saw it, but there is nothing 
 in this respect to invite reference to the l)ook. The second part 
 contains the w'riter's experience in 1812, 181.S. He was with his 
 father, an officer of a regiment, apparently the Sth, and was 
 present cm the 27th of April, 181.'-?, when Toronto was burned by 
 the United States troops. Finan was an eye-witness of the fact. 
 He relates an incident I do not rememl)er to have seen elsewhere. 
 (pp. 286, 287). " While this part of our force was ccmtending with 
 tiie enemy in the woods, an unfortunate accident occurred in the 
 battery opposite to the fleet, M'liich proved a death-blow to the 
 little hope that might have been entertained of a successful issue to 
 the proceetlings of the day. A gun was aimed at one of the vessels, 
 and the officers, desirous of seeing if the l)all would take effect, 
 ascended the bastion : in the meantime, the artillery-man, waiting 
 for the word of command to fire, held the match behind him, as is 
 usual under such circumstances ; and the travelling magazine, a 
 
rpr 
 
 76 
 
 large wooden chest, containing cartridges for the great guns, being 
 open just at his l)ack, he unfortunately put tlie match into it, and 
 the consecjuence, as may he supposed, was dreadful indeed I Every 
 man in tiie l)attery was l)lown into tiie air, and the d'is-iedion of the 
 greater part of their bodies was inconceivably shocking I The 
 officers were thrown fi'om tlie l)astion by the shock, but escaped 
 with a few Ijruises : the cannons were dismounted, and, conse- 
 <piently, the l)attery was rendered comjdetely useless. 
 
 I was standing at tiie gate of tlie garrison when the poor soldiers 
 wlio escaped the explosion with a little life i-emaining were brought 
 into the hospital, and a more attlicting sight could scarcely l)e wit- 
 nessed. Their faces were completely Idack, reseml)ling those of the 
 blackest Africans ; tlieir hair frizzled like theirs, and their clothes 
 scorched and emitting an etHuvia so strong as to l)e perceived long 
 before they reached one. One man in particular presented an awful 
 spectacle : he was brought in a wheelbarrow, and from his appearance 
 I should ])e inclined to suppose that almost every bone in his body was 
 broken ; he was lying in a powerless heap, shaking about Avith 
 eveiy motion of the ba. row, fiom which his legs hung dangling 
 down, as if only connected with his body bj' the skin, while his 
 cries and groans were of the most heart-rending description." 
 
 He also descril)es the shooting of a deserter, at which he was 
 present. 
 
 Joliii ]\rac'taf,'j:(iU't. "Tliree years in Canada: an account 
 of the actual state of the country in 182G-7-8, compre- 
 liendinj;' its resources, productions, ini])rovenient.s and capa- 
 bilities ; and including- Sketches of the state of society, 
 advice to Kniiyrants, vVc." London, 1829. 2 vols., 8vo. 
 
 !Mr. John !Mactaggart was selected by the celelnvated engineer 
 Rennie, when recpiested by the British government to recommend a 
 clerk of the M'orks for the Rideau Canal. In 1828 he returned to 
 England, surt'ering from " the malaria of the swampy wastes," when 
 he pul)lished his reminiscences in two volumes. He gives much 
 information concerning this line of navigation. 
 
 Hugh ^Murray, F.R.S.E. "Historical account of Discov- 
 eries and Travels in Xorth America ; including the United 
 States, Canada, the Shores of the Polar Sea, and the Voyages 
 
 ,:,!' 
 
77 
 
 in search of a Xdi-th-AVost Passai^fc ; witli ( )l)st'rvatioiis on 
 Emigration; illustrate*! 1»y a Map of Xortli .Vnicrica." 
 London, 1829. l' vols., 8vo. 
 
 The author has lirought together much information on the subject 
 of the early discoveries on the American continent. He inchides 
 what lie could learn regarding Canada The book shews industry 
 and research. 
 
 Caj)tain Basil Hall. "Travels in Xortli America in the 
 year-s 1827 and 1828." Edinhurgh, 1829. 3 vols., 8vo. 
 
 Captain Hall crossed into Canada from Niagara, visited the 
 Grand River, the Otonabee, and stopping at several towns in his 
 descent of the Saint Lawrence, finally reached Montreal and 
 QueV)ec. His remarks are those of a well educated man of the 
 world. At the time of its publication the book attracted attention ; 
 little is to be learned by reference to it sixty-five years after it was 
 written. 
 
 Captain Basil Hall. "Forty Etchings from Sketches 
 made Avitli the Camera-Lucida in North America in 1827 
 and 1829." Edinhurg, 1829. 
 
 The volume contains ten views of Canada : Niagara, Peter- 
 borough, the Saint Lawrence, &c., &c. 
 
 "A political and historical account of Lower Canada ; 
 Avith remarks on the present situation of the jjcoplo as 
 regards their manners, character, religion." l>y a " Cana- 
 dian." London, 1830. 8vo. 
 
 The work, originally written in French, was translated for publi- 
 cation in Londijn, and is attributed to Dr. Pierre Salles de la 
 Terriore. It was professedly in answer to a book published in 
 Montreal, under the title of " Political Annals of Lower Canada, 
 being a review of the Political and Legislative history of that 
 province." By a British settler. 
 
 The writer gives a 1)rief history of the province fi-om his point of 
 view to the date at which he wrote. He dwelt upon the misunder- 
 standing which had long existed between the Canadian (Government 
 
 
 i ! 
 
 1 
 
r n' 
 
 ^^ 
 
 •' 
 
 
 78 
 
 anil tlic lIuiiMc of AsseiiiMy, wliirli had increusoil in intensity nnder 
 tliu j,'<)vtin<)r.sliip of Lord Didiiouisie. Tlie remedy proposed hy liini 
 WHS tlie iil)olition of tlie Legislative Couneil. 
 
 Several ini|)ortant public documents arc included in the appendix, 
 •some of wiiieh aic only imperfectly known. 
 
 A\'illiimi ( 'attcniKilc. ''Tlic advaiitii.^t's of Kini^i^ratioii to 
 Ciinatla, licinu the sulistaiicc of Two Lectures delivenMl at 
 the 'rnwii-liall, ( 'oh'liester, and the .Meidianics' liistittltinii, 
 Ipswich."' Lniidoii, May, JS.'U. llMiio. 
 
 The object of tliis volume was to advocate emigration to Canada in 
 preference to the United States. It describes the province, witli 
 its geograpiiy, climate, soil and productions ; likewise giving an 
 account of tiie principal towns. A histoiy of the Canada Company 
 also is added. 'I'lie l)ook contained information of value wiien 
 published, Mliich, doubtless, had its good etl'ect on those hesitating 
 as to their future career. At this date it furnishes tlie modern 
 writer some imp<ntant facts, to aid in shewing the condition of the 
 jjrovince when Mr. Cattermole wrote. 
 
 Josiali Ci'iider. " riiitt'd States and Canada," London, 
 18:n. iL^nio. 
 
 Only a sliglit space is allotted to Canada. What is there said is 
 evidently taken from works previously published. 
 
 lioss Cox. "Adventures on the Cohinil)iii Kiver, inchiding 
 the >>arrative of a Residence of six years on the western side 
 oi tlie li(K.'kv ^Mountains, anion<>' various Tril)es of Indians 
 liitherto unknoAvn, togetlier with a journey across the Ameri- 
 can Continent." London, 18.'3L 2 vols., 8vo. Xew York, 
 18:32. 
 
 ;Mr. Cox was one of the party who proceeded to Astoria with Mr. 
 Astor. On the retirement of the Pacific Fur Company he joined the 
 new association. He remained in the service until 1817, when he 
 returned by an overland journey to Montreal, which he reached in 
 ►September. 
 
 INLu'tin Doyle. "Hints on Emigration to Upper Canada, 
 
■0 
 
 <>s|)(!cially addnsusod to tin; miiMlc and lower tda.sso.s in Oruat 
 Hritaiii and Indaiid." huhlin, London, Kdinl»m% 1831. 
 
 Mr. Doyle was a voluniinoUH writer on iigricviltunil subjects. He 
 uiiH tile author of a eyclo|);i'(lia of pnu'tioal lui.sljaiidry and rural 
 ailairs, puhlislied in l>S'2!) ['ind I'M. cidarj^ed in 18.")1J. He did inui;li 
 to iinpniNf the coiidilioii of the hilM)iiiiiig <'hiB.He.s in Irehmd, and 
 urged in various puhlioiitiona and tlirougii tiie daily press the 
 importance of what he calletl "cottage farniing." The above work 
 advocates emigration, to use his own words, as "a prudent remedy" 
 for a large class of the ])opulation. 
 
 ' luorgo llcnry llunic '' Canada as it is, coniprisin,Lf d(.'tails 
 
 ri.'latiiig to the I )oni(!.sti<' I'olicy, Coninicrco and A^'ricidtnvc 
 
 nf tin* L'j»])tr and Lower Provinces, (■omprisinj^ matter of 
 
 yi'iuTal in formation and interest, esjuicially intended for the 
 
 u.se of .settler.-s and (unigrants," New York, 1832. 12mo. 
 
 Although this work l)eai's the imprint of a Xew York publisher 
 [Stodart, Cmirtland Street], and has no reference to Canaila on the 
 title page, there is internal evidence that it w^is written in the 
 province, probably in U])])er Canada. It is not mentioned either 
 in Lowndes or Allil)one. It is jjut together with some care from the 
 standing-point of desiring to see a large emigrati(m directed to 
 (.aiiada, .so that the province might become prospei'ous and wealthy. 
 In the preface we meet the suggestive sentence that a " neighlxu'ing 
 ]io\ver has ali'eady cast a jealotis eye on tiii.s northern territory." 
 Jt is one of the best books of the class, and contains much sound 
 information. The concUuling pages are given to a description of 
 t!it birds. While there is an al^sence of political partisanship, many 
 of the events of the time are narrated, and the prominent towns 
 arc described with some fullness. The volume also furnishes a more 
 extended account of the valley of the Ottawa than is generally found 
 at that date. This uiqjretending book will repay reference to it, 
 especially on the subject of the tillage of the land, to which the 
 writer had evidently given careful attention. 
 
 Robert ^iudie. "The Emigrant's Pocket Conijianion; 
 containing: what emigration is, who slioiild he (Mnigrants, 
 where emigrants slioiild g») ; a description of Briti.sli North 
 
rr 
 
 80 
 
 Ainoric.ii, ('K})ecially ihc Caiuulas, ami full iii.slni(ti'.»ns to 
 intending e'nigrants." Lun<lon, 1832. 
 
 Mr. Mixdie connnences ut the .starting: point l>y .staling what 
 emigration is, and who sliould Ije eniigi'ants. He au.v tliat a British 
 su1>ject was an alien in tlie United State.s, and he felt ground of 
 f)l)jeetion against Western and Southern Africa, and Australia. 
 His preferen(;e was declared for Briti.sli N'or*h America. Tie 
 describes in a few pages Newfoundland, Nova Scotia. New Bruns- 
 wick and Upj)er and Lower Canada. He gathered logd her much 
 that was new, and gave some excellent advice. .Sixty years ago there 
 was re(juirement for this special information. Even to-day its 
 constant dissemination is considered nece.ssary, ami lias become a 
 matter of goveinment care. The object of the writer, as he 
 expresses it, was " to clear away some o 'die mist tluit has been 
 sullV^red to gather, oj- which has probably in some cases been 
 intuitively gathere^jl around the question of emigration. "" 
 
 Audiv.w Pick(Mi. ''Tlie ('iinaJas as tlicv at present cuu- 
 inond themselves to the enterprise of lunigrants. Colonists 
 and Capitalists, comprehending a variety of 'r()[)ogra[»hie,al 
 Keports cojiccirning the quality of tlie land, iV-c, in dilFe' cut 
 Districts; and tlu; fullest general information: cniiniihMl and 
 condensed from original documents furnished i»y lohn (lalt, 
 Estjuire, and other authentic sources; "with a map." London, 
 "Wilson, 1832. I vol,, 8vo. 
 
 'L'his work is appa^'e, tly a compilation in tlie interest of tlie 
 American Land (Company and the C'anada Land ('ompany to 
 encourage emigration. Several ofhci;il documents are published, 
 with many ])apt I's and reports, of value for reference at tiie time. 
 'I'lie book contains much local information, useful to a class of 
 \vriters occupied in the preservation <)f the history of certain 
 districts. 
 
 Joseph l*ick(ning, late of Penny vStralford, Ucrks., and 
 lunv of Canada. " hKjuiries of an Emigrant ; ln-ing the 
 narrative of ;ui English farmer from th-. yar 1S24 to 1830, 
 during which he tj'uversed the United States and Canada, 
 
■511 
 
 81 
 
 witli a view to settle as an Kniigraiit, coiitaiiiin.i,' uliscivatioiis 
 (.11 the manners, soil, climate ami hus])an(lrv of tlif Americans; 
 estimates <.f untiit, charges of voyage an<l travelling 
 expenses." London, 1832. Small 8v<>. 
 
 'riie writer was eiK'aged us an overseer on Col, TiillH)t's farm. 
 Ife reinfdned in this position for some time, aii<l visited tlie pnn'ince 
 with the view of obtaining the hiforniation whieh he embodied in 
 the volnme. 
 
 John .M'Oregor. " Hritish America." 2 vols., 8vo. 
 IMinhurgh and Londun, 18."52. 
 
 'I'he first vohuiie refers to >'ewfoundlaiid, Prince Edward island, 
 and tlie Maritime Provinces, l^ook VII. of the secoml volunn; 
 relates to Lower Canada. Book VIII. to Upper Canada. 
 
 A history of British Aiiiei-iea is given as it was written sixty 
 ycai's ago, l)eing Ijrought down to date to the governorship of Lord 
 Aylmer. The book is a careful conipendinm of all that had 
 ■ippeared to that time. The volume therefore narrates many events- 
 ami incidents of a varied character, accomi)anied by nineh local 
 description, and thronghont is j)leasant reading. Mr. M'tiregor 
 ean, however, scarcely be considered an authority. He covers a 
 great deal of grouv-l, and furnishes his read6rs with a great many 
 fuets, undoubtedly carefully gathered, likewise with many statis- 
 tical notes. For general information few books were at the date 
 !U()ie usefid, for the author was industrious and intelligent. A 
 raieful incpiircr, nevertheless, in referring to these volumes will 
 liud it iiecessaiy to consult original authorities on much which 
 i> stated in them. 
 
 '' The Canadus as tlu'V now arc, comj>rehemliiig a view of 
 tiieii' climate, rivers, lakes, canals, governnu'iit, laws, taxes, 
 i"Wii,-. ti'adi'. XV., with a dcserijition of the soil and advan- 
 Uiges or disadvantages of every township in the province," 
 A •., iVc. Jlv a late resident. London, 18.'i.3. 
 
 It is claimed that this book is written concisely, with the view of 
 -'ixing information t,> the emigiant, ami it aspires to no higher 
 inel nsiou than simply and naturally to narrate the author's views 
 F 
 
82 
 
 of the country. At tlie time much which is related was new to 
 many in the old country; perhaps in some ({uartera there is no great 
 improvement in this respect. But avowedly written to aid emigra- 
 tion at that date, the volume presupp(;8es an entire want of know- 
 ledge on the part of hia readers. 
 
 Francis A. Evans. " The Emigrants' Directory and ( ruide 
 to <)l)lain lands and etlcct a settlement in tlie Canadas." 
 1833. 12mo. 
 
 Mr. Evans came to Canada in ISiy, and obtained some land near 
 Drununondville, on the Saint Francis River, in the Eastern Town- 
 ships. In IS'24 he was appointe<l government land agent. The 
 townsliips ol)tained lepresentation in the legislature of 18'29. [11th 
 Marcli]. On liie l)ill lieing sanctioned at home, eight members 
 were returned witiiout waiting foi- the general election, and the 
 parliament which ; met on the •2'2nd January, 1830, for the first 
 time received two members each for Mississ(|Uoi, Sherbrooke and 
 8tansteail, and one meml)er each for .Sheff'ord and Drunimond, 
 making a total of eiglit members, Mr. Evans took Ids seat as a 
 menil)er on this occasion. It is melancholy to record, tliat between 
 the date when the "advertisement" was written in 18.32, and the 
 appearance of the volume in 1833, Mr. Evans died from cliolera, 
 after a few houi's' illness. 
 
 The work contains much information regarding the early settle- 
 ment of th ' Ea.stcrn Townships. We are nnule to feel that the 
 author, after his own obaei'vation, formed the opinions which he 
 sets forth with much good sense, 
 
 William ( ioiirlay. "A giiide to the Canadas, containing,' 
 useful and j tract ical information for those who propose 
 emigrating- to the liritish po.ssessions in '><()i'th .Vmerica." 
 By William (tourlay, late merchant in Ayr, avIio has just 
 returned from the C-aiiadas, where he has resided for a 
 numher of years. Ayr, 1833. .Small 8vo. 
 
 Mr. William (Jourlay nmst not be confounded witli Mr. Robert 
 Fleming Oouilay, \\ hose imprisonment forms so painful a passage 
 in the political history of the country. The author tells us that 
 thovigh Vn'cd a farmer he was induced to Ijecome a mechanic, au'' 
 
83 
 
 eventually started as an ironmonger, which business he followed for 
 twenty years. In consequence of unfortunate speculations he tried 
 his fortunes in Canada, where he remained for some years, when, 
 owing to family affairs, he returned to his native place. 
 
 The work is not without information, and is sensibly written. 
 Much ii5 said in regard to prices and the cost of living. 
 
 Stephen Davis. "Xotes of a tour in America in 1832 and 
 1833." By Steplien Davis, Collecting Agent of the Baptist 
 Society for Ireland. Edinburgh, 1833. 12nio. 
 
 Mr. Davis landed in New York, and in his tour was induced to 
 visit Montreal by lake Champlain. During the time he was in the 
 city, the Masonic Hall, or British American Hotel, in St. Paul 
 Street, was burnt, in April, 1833. He was preaching when the fire 
 became visible to those in the church ; " not more than one or two 
 individuals left the place until the service was concluded." He 
 describes the contrast in the United States. He says : " Upon one 
 occasion, tliough the lire was at a considerable distance, the place 
 became so deserted, and the agitation of those who lingered so 
 manifest, tliat I was obliged to break off the discourse entirely." 
 From Montreal Mr. Davis proceeded to Rochester. He also visited 
 Niagara. 
 
 T. Sockett. "A letter to a niemher of parliament, con- 
 taining a statement of tlie method pursued by the Petworth 
 Connuittee, on sending out emigrants to Upper Canada, in 
 the years 1832 and 1833, and a plan upon which the sums 
 recpured for defraying the expence of emigration may Ije 
 raised."' London, 1833. Large 8vo. 
 
 This is an account of the system adopted in sending out emigrants 
 from the neighbourhood of Petworth in 1832. Lord Egremont 
 having stated his willingness to atlbrd liberal assistance to artisans 
 and labourers living on his estate and in the neighbourhood 
 desirt)us of emigrating, a Connuittee was formed to carry out the 
 purpose. For the protection of the emigrants, an agent was 
 engaged, whose fluty it was to conduct the party to Toronto, and to 
 liave regard to their destination and well-being. At Toronto they 
 were seen by the Lieut. -Governor, and forwarded to the localities 
 
 i 
 
84 
 
 assigned tliem, and care was taken, as far as possil>le, to provide 
 for the future. 
 
 Lord Kgremont paid the wliole passage-money for those leaving 
 Petworth and the four adjoining parishes. The outfit was supplied 
 from the poor rate. The arrangement for the comfort and protec- 
 tion of the passengers was in the highest dt^jree satisfactory. 
 Several letters are appended, recording the well-doing of the 
 writers. 
 
 " Letters from Sussex Einigrants who sailed from Ports- 
 moiitli in .\pril, 1832, on hoard tlie ships 'Lord ^lelville' 
 and ' Eveline,' for L'pper Canada," iV.'c., iV'c. 8vo. LS33. 
 
 These letters even now can he read with interest, hut at the date 
 of their puldication they must have exercised some influence on 
 those struggling in difhculty, who l»y emigration were desirous of 
 hettering their fortunes. Much miscellaneous information is added 
 foi the use of tiiose entertaining the intention. 
 
 WilHam Lyon Mackenzie. '' Sketches of Canada and the 
 United States." London, 1833. 8vo. 
 
 The hook is described by Mr. Lindsey as "treating of a great 
 variety of subjects, having no connection and without arrange- 
 ment." It really consists of notes taken during travels in Canada 
 and the United States. There is, however, "an agreeal)le seasoning 
 of racy and remarkable anecdotes." 
 
 Captain .1. K. Alexander, 42nd Royal Highlanders. 
 "Transatlantic Sketches, comprising visits to the most inter- 
 esting scenes in >«'orth and South America and the West 
 Indies, with Xt)tes on Xegro Slavery and Canadian Emigra- 
 tion." 2 vols. London, 1833. Philadelphia, 1833. 8vo. 
 
 Captain, afterwards Sir. James Alexander in his Canadian travels 
 crossed the Niagara River, and landed at Chippewa. He wandered 
 some days about Niagara Falls, A\hich he describes. At York 
 (Toronto) he met Sir John Colltorne, and at his invitation was 
 present at the river Credit, when Colonel ( livings gave the annual 
 presents to the Mississaga Indians. At Kingston he made incpxiries 
 as to the Hi leau Canal. He descended the Saint Lawrence, and. 
 
 ; < I 
 
85 
 
 sleeping a night at the Cascades, ascended the Ottawa to liytown. 
 With Colonel ]5y, Captain Alexander followed the Rideaii to Jones' 
 Falls. Although a description is given of the further i-oute of this 
 navigation, it <loes not appear that the traveller went beyond this 
 point. Captain Alexander visited Montreal and Quebec, and relates 
 some pleasant recollections of the pe.vsoimel of that day. Even to 
 recording the absurd speech of the then (jlovernor-iieneral, Lord 
 Aylnier : "As I set about my daily task of duty, it teaches me to 
 ask myself tliis question, ' What can I do this day to promote the 
 happiness and prosperity (jf Cana<la ! ' " 
 
 licv. Isa.ic Fidh'v. " Oljscrvation.s on l^rofossions, Litera- 
 ture, ^Mcinncrs aiul Kini.i^'r.ition in the T^nited States and 
 Canada, made diirin^t^^ a re.sidi'uce in 1832." London, 1833. 
 12nio. Keprinted, New York, 1833. 18nio. 
 
 The author left England in 18.31 foi' the United States. Finally, 
 lie determined to seek his fortunes in Cana<la. In 18.S.3 he pub- 
 lished his volume in London. Ci'ossing to Niagara lie proceeded 
 tlience to (Juebec, to obtain a position in tiie Cohmial Cluirch. He 
 there saw liishop Stewart, who offered to appoint him to New- 
 market, his lal)ours extending to Penetanguishene. There is an 
 expression of the Dishop's wortliy of recoi'd. Fidler <lid not 
 consider himself "equal to such journeys as the mission exacted." 
 "T myself,'' replied his lordsliip, "have performed mucli gi-eater 
 journeys than the one proposed to you, on foot and unattended. I 
 was a missionary for thirty-five years, at a period when the country 
 was in a less civilized state, and when greater self-denial than is 
 re([uired of you was unavoidably imposed on the preaciiers of the 
 gospel. There is no part of my large diocese wliich 1 have not 
 visited and travelled on foot, with a llible my sole companion and 
 only solace. What, therefore, is ]jroferred for your acceptance is 
 not to be compared in lal>ours and privations to what has been 
 experienced ])efore you." Mr. Fidler was offereil the nxission at 
 Tliornhill, 14 miles from Toronto, which he accepted ; he shortly 
 returned to England. Mr. Fidler expresses the views he formed 
 when in Canada : as might be expected, allusions to the position 
 of a clergyman are frec^uently to lie met. 
 
 I. Fine].. "Travels in the Unitecl State.s of America and 
 
p ' 
 
 80 
 
 Canada, ('(tiitainiii^' sonic acfdmit of their .scicnlilic institu- 
 tions, tVc, tVc." L(»n(lon, IS.'{.'{. Svo. 
 
 Only a few pagei;! of this work firo given to Caniula, Tliey are 
 witliont importance. 
 
 T. \y. .Mii<,M'atli. " Anthcntic l<'tt<'rs from l']i|>rr Canada, 
 with an account of Canadian l^'icld Sports." The Mtcliin;^'s 
 hv Sanuicl Lover. Kditcd hv th( Kcv. T. lladclill'. Duhlin, 
 IHX\. lL>nio. 
 
 Tiiis work lnings to view tiie experience of a settler in l.S.'H, with 
 coat of cstal)lislinient in Canaila. It con.sists of letters written 
 familiarly Ity the authoi" to a friend in lieland. Miicii is saiil of the 
 life of the sportsmen of the ilate. 
 
 Lieut. I'!. T. Coke. "A Suhahern's I-'urloui^h ; (h'scriptivo 
 Scenes in \arious pai'ts of the Cniteil States, rpper and 
 Lower Canada, New IJrunswick and Xo\a Scotia, (hnin,i;' the. 
 summer and autumn of IS.'Jl'." Maps and I Ihistrations. 
 London, 1S.">.S. New \'ork, \^'M\. I'Jiiio. 
 
 'IMie autlior visited the rniti'd Stales, ;)U(1 crossed to Canada from 
 lUaek Koek. He descended the Saiiil Lawrence, and from (^)ue))ec 
 passed ovi-r the 'rcniiscoiiata Portage to reach tlie Saint .lohn, 
 whii'li lie followed to Kicderii'ton. 
 
 On tlie (ith of Se[)teml>er, with two ijuides, Mr. Coke left Kamou- 
 raska. Following the Saint Lawrence foi- nine miles, tlie small 
 party turned soutliward and lost sight of tiie great river. Si'veral 
 log huts were seen v\\ the louti'-, on tlie tiist nigiit the travidlcrs 
 were refused admission for a niglil"s rest. 'I'he last apjilicat inn for 
 shelter was, however, successful, and the old couple wlio received 
 them could with dilliculty, next morning, he persuaded to accept any 
 acknowledgment of tUv.iv hospitality. Here tiie I'oad in its good 
 .sense ceased ; there was only a rough trail to follow. From time to 
 time tiie travellers had to cut tiieir way througli windfalls, and the 
 cart often sunk to the axle in the soft places. They were greatly 
 troul)led with tlies. Tiie following niglit they reached the farm of 
 Mr. Fra/.er, descril)ed as tlie Seigneur of iliviere du Loup, who gave 
 t'nem house-room and furnished them with canoes. From the 
 
87 
 
 TeiniHcouiita lake they deHceiuled the Ma(hiwii.ska river, jMirtagiiig 
 to escape the falls, and reached the Hettleinent of Ma<lawa.ska at the 
 confluence of the Saint John, which they descended to Kredeiicton. 
 What is s|)ecially to he remaiked in tins voliune is the aclinirable 
 (h'awin^Mif Mr. ("oke. K(!\v Ix'tter views of tlie Fulls liave ever heen 
 ;,'iven, certainly not in a l)ook of tiiis chaiacter. 
 
 " Statisticiil Skf'tclics of r|>|t('i' CiUiada." \\y a iJack- 
 wiHtdsinaii. I.<iii(|(»ii, .'{id VA., IS.'}.'?. Il'iiio. 
 
 This work contains much gorxl advice, which the lately arrived 
 cnii^irant of niodci-n times co\dd prolitaljly consider. There is a 
 j,'reat deal of sound sense in the reconnnendations made, evidently 
 the result of experience, for the book is dated from (ioderich, lake 
 Huron, 'i'lu! author's remarks on held sports may also he ])rotit- 
 ahly read hy all fon<l of that [ihase of lifi;. Among other things, 
 he tells us, "in luintiiig the bear, take all the cui's in the village 
 along with you. (lanu; dogs are useless for this |)uri)ose, for, unless 
 propcily trained, they fly at the throat, and get torn to piec(!s or 
 hugged to death for their pains. 'I'lic <:urs yelp after him, bite his 
 nun)) and make him tree, wliert? he rnu l)e siiot. " 
 
 'I'he author was the will known Dr. William Duidop, c(dt'l)ratt!d 
 in ('anailian life as "Tin; Tiger."' See (Jalt's .Autoliiog'-ajjliy, 
 vol. II., cliaj*. 9, vote. 
 
 Adam i''i'i',L;'iiss()ii. " I'ractical Notes made duriii;^;! loi ; in 
 ("aiiadaand a portion I'f the ('nil('(l States in 1 S.'{ 1 , to wliich 
 arc addcil Notes made ilni'in,!.;' a second visit toC.'aiiada in 
 |S;};{." Kdinl.ur-ii, I'nd cd., jS.'M. Svo. 
 
 Mr. l'\'rg>isson was l»orn at Woodliill, I'erthsldre. in 1782, of 
 which county he was a magistrate and Deputy Lieutenant. He was 
 su(;cessively a membei- of tiu; Legislative (-ouncil of Upper Oanada, 
 and, after the rnion of the Provinces, of the Legislative ("ouncil of 
 Canada. He died in IN4'2. 
 
 .\lr. Fei'gusson entered Canada l)y T.,ake Cliamplaiii. He visited 
 <v>uel)ec, Montreal, the Falls, and proceeded to \'ork [Toi'ontoJ. lie 
 met in his travels a Mr. Forsyth, who, on being asked if his family 
 was numerous, " Why,'' said he " sir, I don't know what you call 
 uuiueious. I'n. raixol nineteen : ten l)y my first wife, and nine by 
 
 ''I 
 
 I J: 
 
 
HI 
 
 !|i 
 
 ! ; 
 
 : i 
 
 ss 
 
 mysecoml. Mr. Fei-gusaon reliites the 8tf»ry of Moi-gan having been 
 forced ovci' the Falls in 1820 hy the Free-MasoiiH as if he l)elieve<l 
 it. lie visited* iiielph, Hamilton, and St. Catharines'. What gives 
 his l)ook value is his practical advice to emigrants. 
 
 "Tlic riiitc.l Stat.'s iuid Canada in 1S.",2, 1833, and 
 1S34." Ily C. I). .Vrfcwcdsun. L^nd-.n, 1S;',|. i> vols. 
 8vo. 
 
 Only a fuw unimportant pages of this book aj)i)ly to ( anaila. 
 
 Tv. IJrniiiiiic. " Ivciscn dur<'li dif \ iTciid.^tcn Siaalcn 
 iind ( >l)('r ( 'aiiada." llaltiniorc, is;>t. ."» vols.. S\o. 
 
 I have nf)t been able to meet tluise volumes. 
 
 (Icor^c K. ^'o^n,!;■. ''The Uritisli Xortli American Colo- 
 nics. Letters to the Ri.i^ht lion. K. C. Staidcy, M.P., 
 upon the existing; 'I'rcatics with l-'rance and .Vnicrica, as 
 r('fj;aTd 'Their i\i,nhts of j-'ishcry' upon the ('oasts of Xova 
 Scotia, Labrador and Xcwfoundlaiid : the \iolations of tlu^sc; 
 Treaties liy the subjects of lioth ]»ow('rs, ami their etlect 
 upon the coiiiiueri'c, ('([ually of the Mother Country ami the 
 Colonics, iVc." London, IS.'U. ]»p. 19.'). Svo. .Maj). 
 
 "The History, l'rincii)lcs and Prospects of the Lank of 
 ])ritish >i'ortli America and of the Colonial Lank ; with an 
 EiKpiiry into ('olonial Kxchan^u'es and expediency of intro- 
 ducing;' L)ritish Sterling' and L>ritish (/oin, in ])rcference to 
 the dollar as the money of account and currency of the 
 North American Colonies.'' 1 )o. IS.'iS. (Sv(». 
 
 " ( )n the Escheat (j)uestion in I'lince Edward's Island: 
 Ao'ltution and l\emcdies." Do. 1S3S. 
 
 "The Canadian (.,)nestion." Do. 1S.",9. 
 
 Letters on "Responsible Ciovernmeiit," and an I'nion of 
 the Colonies of British Xorth America, to the Ki,!4'ht Hon. 
 John Hnssell, Halifax. 1810. 
 
 I mention Mr. Young's works owing to the, number which Ijear 
 
89 
 
 luH namo. I'liey will, however, ))e iiioie properly deserihed with the 
 pamphlets of tiie time, tluiii be iulmitted into this classification. 
 
 " ( "anada ill the years ](S;{2, iS.'J.'i, and IS.'U, coiitaiiiiii,!^' 
 important intui'niatinn and in.sti'n<'ti<»ns to jxa-sons intcndin,!^ 
 to cnii.^Tatt' thither in IcSli')."' l>y an Kx-setth-r, who resided 
 chiefly "in the !)usli " for the last two years, hnltlin, 1835. 
 
 This work is what its name suggests it would he. 
 
 "ddui'iial of an exeui'sioii tothel'nited States and ( "anada 
 in the yeai' 1S:»4 ; with hints U> eini,u;rants ; and a fair and 
 impartial exixisition of the advanla.^cs and disadvanta<;es 
 attendin.u' enii,nration hy a eiti/en (»f Mdinl)nr^h." 10dinl>nr,^h, 
 is.')."). lOnio. 
 
 The author visited the United States on a tour of pleasure. 
 Landing at Xew ^'ork, he came by steand)oat to All)any, l)y canal 
 boat to Kome, an<l by stage to Oswego, where he took the steandioat 
 for Toronto, whence he proceeded to Xiagara. He pleasantly 
 records his impi'essions, gathei-ing some anecdotes as he })assed 
 onwards. He was not ])articularly struck with Toronto or Canaila. 
 Tlie former he pronounced to be "as dull a hole as I have been in," 
 " with a numl)er of iialf-pay oHicers with their no.ses in red uniform.'' 
 He further considered it " rather a dissipated place,'' " wanting that 
 si)ii-itof enterprise you see in the States," the inhabitants reckoning 
 '"the impoitation of emigrants Avhich takes ydace every spring as 
 their harvest ; and 1 guess," he adds, "they do with them as the 
 ^'ankee young ladies do with their live geese —they pluck the feathei's 
 off them every spring." All that can be looked foi' from the ))ages 
 of this woi'k is an occasicmal good laugh. The little said of emigra- 
 tion is discouraidu';. 
 
 Charles .Iose])li liatrohe. " Tlu; liamhlor in >«'orth 
 America." London, IS.'^ij. 2 vols. 12mo. 
 
 The author ascended the Kennebec from Maine, and ]jy this I'oute 
 reached Queljec. He sulisequently visited Three Rivers and Mont- 
 real. The volume does not call for any special remark. 
 
 I'litrick Shireir. "Tour through Xcjrth America, with a 
 
 ■I 
 
90 
 
 ; 
 
 ''! 
 
 Coiu|»r('ln'iisiv(' Y'u'W of the Ciiiiiuliis and tlic rnitcd States 
 as a(lai>t('<l f(tr A^n-icultural Kiiii^'ratidii." 1S.'5'). Svo. 
 
 Mr. Sliireff (lesciibeH liiinself as a fanner from East Lothian, and 
 his ohjeet in visiting tiie country was to examine its capaliility of 
 development ff)r agricultural pui-poses. He visited the Niagara 
 district, York, lake Simcoe, the bay <)f Quint*', and descended to 
 Montreal, (ienerally he passed over the whole of the ])rovince then 
 accessible to the ordinary traveller. Mr. ShircfV expresses his dis- 
 appoir.tment at wliat he saw in Canada in comparison with the 
 prospeiity he ha<l ol)servcd in tiie United States : an opinion he 
 deliberately lepeats at the close <jf the volume. 
 
 Kicliard AVcstoii. "A Visit to the I'liitt'd States and 
 Canada, iS.'i.S; with the view of scttliii,^;" in America. 
 In(duilin,i;- a voyage to and from New Voi'k.'' Ivlinl)nr^di, 
 1S;U). pp. ;')12. l'2\nn. 
 
 Mr. Weston took the ))recaution on the title page to inform the 
 public that lie was a Itookseller, "37 Lothian St., Kdinburg.'' His 
 intention on leaving Scotland was to settle in the L'nited .States ; he, 
 however, became depressed by all he saw. He paiii a ])assing visit 
 to Canada, and a few pages record the discontent felt l)y him. On 
 joining a relative near lake Champlain, he decided to return home. 
 His book is written with the avowed design f)f cautioning those pro- 
 posing to emigrate against the exaggerated statements piddished 
 concerning America. 
 
 ■•'A narrati\(' (d' tlic alliiir (d' <^>U('('nston in tlic war of 
 L'^l^, M'itli a r('\i('w of the strictures of that event, in a hook 
 ontith'd ' Notices, ,f the War id" lSli>;"' New V(.rk, IS.")G. 
 Sv<.. 
 
 The writer of this volume acteil as aidc-dc-canip to (ieneral 
 Stephen Van Rensselaer, in conunand of the United States forces in 
 1812 at the ]»attleof (^)ucenstou Heiglits, and he writes in vindicating 
 his chief, in ans\\cr to the book of (icneral Ormsliuiy. The appen- 
 dix contains many letters which were exchanged between the United 
 States ( ieneral and Sir Isaac Brock and ( ieneral Sheatl'e. This work 
 c(nnmands attention from any writer professing to give a narrative 
 
91 
 
 of the action in which the gallant Brock fell, and of the subsequent 
 campaign. 
 
 Jamos Inclios. " Letters (ui Kmi^fratioii to C'anadn, 
 adtlrcsscd totlic N'crv IJcv. I'iiiici})al IJaird." S('('(ni(l iMlitioii. 
 rorth, 1S.36. 12ui(.. 
 
 Tliis book was avowedly written to iliscourage emigration, and 
 was ])ublished to expose the so-called errors of writei.s who had 
 favourably described Canada as a field for the industrious etl'ort of 
 all who in the mother country were suffering f?om adverse circum- 
 stances. With this view, it undertook to describe ll»e laborious, 
 profitless life of the emigrant. Enngration, Mr. Inches regarded 
 as an experiment l)y no means likely to succeed. Wheat raised in 
 Canada, he conceived, would never bring moie than the expense of 
 freight and charges. The only place of importance he looked upon 
 with favour was Saint John, Xew lirunswick. 
 
 The proldem of changing the scene of life by emigration in order 
 to better ones condition, to turn away from ill fortune to brighter 
 days, solum rertt:rc, as Cicero says, seemed beyond his conipreiien- 
 sion. Neither could he penetrate the lil)erty of thought gained in 
 the free air br .athed in the forest, untainted Ijy the oft-recurring 
 extravagances of civilization. If there be somewhat rough comfort 
 in the log liut, there is, however, the greatest of human blessings, 
 independence ; independence of spirit and a freedom from inter- 
 course with that petty curse of life, tlie cad, male and female. We 
 have not there to liear 
 
 " the whips and scorns of time. 
 The oppressors \\rong, the proud man's contumely, 
 The pangs of despised love, the law's delay 
 The insolence of office, and the spurns 
 That patient merit of the unworthy takes." 
 
 Xo man ever sought comnuuiion with nature in vain. Those who 
 live in her contemplation, trusting to their good right ann, never 
 fail to find the sustenance of honesty, and, if true to themselves, 
 obtain their certain reward ; peace of mind, self-respect, health, 
 vigour, and that by wliich the l)attle of life is won, endurance. 
 
 liut this philosophy did not suggest itself to Mr. Inches. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Kolpli, ^Vncastei- (Jore District, Duiuias, U.C. 
 

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 (716) 872-4503 
 
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 92 
 
 "A Ijrief account, t()<fctli«r Avitli observations made during 
 a visit in the West Indies, and a tour througli the United 
 States of America in j)arts of the years 1832-3, together 
 ■\vitli a statistical account of Up}»er Canada." G. "Weyworth 
 Hackslatf, Printer, 1836. Svo. 
 
 The writer sailed from (iravesend, in Xoveniber, 1832, to Bar- 
 badoes, where he continued his journey to the United States. He 
 arrived in Canada, crossing from Black Rock on the 1st June. His 
 work is a general description of the places in Upper Canada he 
 visited, with many incidental statist! :al letters. 
 
 !Mrs. Trail. " The backwoods of Canada : being letters 
 from tlie wife of an emigrant oHicer." London, 1836. 
 
 Mrs. Ti'ail's books are well known. In spite of the hardship and 
 the privation she suffered, she always kept a good heart, looked upon 
 the bright side of lifi, and conceived a love for Canada she never 
 lost. One sentence is characteristic of her philosophy : " The very 
 stumps that appeared so odious, through long custom seem to lose 
 some of their hideousness ; the eye becomes familiarized even with 
 objects the most displeasing, till they cease to be observed. Some 
 century hence how ilifFerent will this spot appear ! " 
 
 Kev. Adoli)hus Egerton Ryerson, D.D. "TheAftairsof 
 the Canadas in a series of Letters to the London 'rimes. By 
 a Canadian." I^ondon, Eng., 1837. pp. 75. 
 
 This work, published anonymously, immediately attracted atten- 
 tion. The consequence was that inquiry at an early period made 
 the name of the author known. 
 
 S. S. Hill. " The Emigrant's introduction to an acquaint- 
 ance with the Ih'itish American Colonies, and the present 
 condition and [)rospects of the colonists." London, 1837. 
 12mo. 
 
 The writer commences with the emigration after the flood, and 
 traces the course of colonization through the Ph<vnicians, the 
 Greeks, and Romans. After a passing glance at Spanish America, 
 he narrates the discoveries of p]ngland in the Nr^rthern part of the 
 
 \ 
 
93 
 
 continent, and gives a short history of the former French Canada 
 and the British Provinces. In the second part he describes British 
 America. The advice to emigrants is described as the result of 
 nearly twenty years personal observation. This work, like those of 
 its class, contains several pages of excellent advice, which n\any an 
 emigrant would have done w-ell to follow. 
 
 containing 
 
 "William Benjamin Wells. '' Canadiana 
 sketches of Upper Canada and the Crisis in its Political 
 Atiairs. In two parts." London, 1837. pp. 202. 8vo. 
 
 Mr. Wells was at the time a journalist and a member of the Upper 
 Canada Legislature. The book carries the impress of his opinions, 
 which were in strong opposition to the government and the policy 
 of Sir Francis Head. Although elected to the house in 1836, Mr. 
 Wells, on the ground of the corrupt practices by which the elections 
 had been carried, refused to take his seat in the session which met 
 on the 8th of Xovember. He proceeded to England to join Robert 
 Baldwin and Duncombe in their protest against the administration 
 of Sir Francis Bond Head. Lord Glenelg refused to receive them ; 
 history must record most unwisely. Mr. Wells therefore ceased to 
 have any political charge. During his stay in England this book 
 was written ; necessarily coloured by his opinions. It is of value as 
 placing on record the political view of the party opposed to the 
 government. It also contains much general information regarding 
 the province, and, as the work is carefully and well written, all who 
 desire to refer to the events of the time can profitably turn to it. 
 There is much strong language at the close of the book, which, no 
 doubt, as years passed on, the author lived to regret. Especially as 
 he rose to a position of some consequence, having been in 1850 
 appointed judge in the united county of Kent and Lambton, and, on 
 their division, in the county of Kent. 
 
 Edward Cibljon Wakefield. 
 London, 1837. 2 vols., 8vo. 
 
 " England 
 
 ad America." 
 
 I have been unable to refer to this work. The first form of this 
 book was published in 1833, in which a comparison was made 
 between the political institutions of Great Britain and the United 
 States. The work of 1837 more fully entered into the question of 
 
94 
 
 I 
 
 ; 
 
 the relationship of a colony to the parent stats. It was probal)ly 
 owing to the opinions Mr. ^Vaketield expressed in this volume, that 
 he accompanied Lord Durham to Canada in 1838, as private secre- 
 tary. It is generally admitted that he took a prominent part in the 
 composition of tiie celel)rated Durham report, the production of 
 Avhich exercised so remarkable an influence on Canada. Mr. 
 WakeHeld renuiined in the province after the departure of Lord 
 Durham, as the agent for the Kllice Seigniory, and in the first 
 Legislature of Canada [1841-44] on the retirement of Mr. Dunscombe 
 as member for the County of Beauharnois, in 1842, Mr. Wakefield 
 was elected in his place. Shortly after the termination of this 
 parliament he left Canada. He died in 1802. 
 
 ]\Irs. Jameson. "Winter Studies and Summer Rambles 
 in Canada." 3 vols. London, 1838. Small 8vo. 
 
 Mrs. Jameson's book is typified by the words she placed on her 
 title-page, " Leid und Kiuist und Scherz,'' being from the writings 
 of Rahel, the wife of Varnhagen von Ense, the friend of Heine, 
 then much spoken of, who had shortly before died." "Sorrow, Art, 
 and Merriment." We have much of Mrs. Jameson's own experience 
 in connection with literary and artistic thought. We would hardly 
 expect to find in a book on Canada, that the difierence between 
 Johnson and (Joethe is not greater than that between Eckeiunan and 
 Boswell. But there are many such parallel passages in connection 
 with a pleasant narrative of her own Canadian experience. Several 
 of Mrs. Jameson's drawings are in the possession of a resident of 
 Toronto, Mr. Robert Bain, having been purchased some years back 
 at the sale of the efi'ects of that lady, viz. : sixty-six pencil sketches 
 contained in a folio scrap book, mostly illustrating views on lakes 
 Erie, Huron and Michigan, with known places in Ontario. They 
 are spoken of as shewing much artistic merit. 
 
 Sir George Head. "Forest Scenes and incidents of the 
 wilds of Xortli ^Vmerica, being a diary of a Avinter's route 
 from Halifax to the Canadas and during four months' resi- 
 denc in the Avoods on the l)orders of Lakes Huron and 
 Simt )e." London, 1829. 2nd ed., 1838. 
 
 The interest of this book consists in the personal narrative of the 
 
95 
 
 . I 
 
 writer. The second edition contains a special paper on the question 
 of the north eastern ])oundary between the territory of (ireat 
 Britain and the United States, which was then being discussed with 
 some acerbity. It was settled by tlie Ashburton treaty in August, 
 1842 ; one of those diplomatic blunders for which *' nobody was to 
 blame." This boundary, so prejudicial to Canada, arose from the 
 error of the British Commissioners in 1797, accepting the tributary 
 stream Chiputnaticook, the eastern branch of the main river, when 
 the western branch, called the Schoodic, should have been followed. 
 Had the latter l)een so accepted, the boundary would have been 
 carried one hundred miles south of its present location, by which 
 11,000 S(j[uare miles would have been gained by the dominion; a 
 line undoubtedly in accordance with the Treaty of 1783. 
 
 Rt. Hon. 8ir William Mole.sworth. " Speech on the 
 Canada Bill, 23rd January, 1838." London, 1838. 8vo. 
 
 Sir William Molesworth in 1853 was appointed first commissioner 
 of pul)lic works, and, 1855, became secretary for the colonies. He 
 died in October of that year at the early age of 45. 
 
 James Logan, advocate. " Xotes of a Journey through 
 Caiuida, the United States of America and the West Indies." 
 Edinburgli, 1838. 12mo. 
 
 Mr. Logan lauded at Quebec in July, 1836, ascended the Saint 
 Lawrence to Montreal, and finally made his way to Goderich, from 
 wliich place he descended Lake Huron to Detroit. The book is a 
 record of what was then experienced on this journey of a few days, 
 for Mr. Logan reached Detroit in September. 
 
 " Six years in the Bush ; or extracts from the journal of a 
 settler in Upper Canada, 1832-1838." London, 1838. Small 
 8vo. 
 
 The writer of this book, a university man, on leaving Oxford, 
 resolved to try his fortune in America. His opinions may be judged 
 by the words of Coleridge, which he placed on the title page. 
 They are not generally known, so they are repeated here : — " Colo- 
 nization is not only a manifest expedient, but an imperative duty 
 «)n Great B '%in. God seems to hold his linger out to u,8 over the 
 
ir 
 
 : ! 
 
 ! : 
 
 ! i 
 
 96 
 
 sea. But it must be a national colonization, such as was that of 
 the Scotch to America : <i (Colonization of Hope, ami not such as we 
 alone have encouraged and etiected for the last fifty years, a 
 colonization of Dettjmir.'^ Furnished with letters and possessing 
 means, he found little romance in hii^ new career. He went to the 
 Talbot settlement and to Lake Simcoe ; l)ut circumstaucjes deter- 
 mined his choice of the township of Verulain, wliere he purchased 
 .'^,000 acres, not far from Fenelou Falls. Peterljoro was for a time 
 his hea<l(|uarters. From this spot he went to a ball in Cobourg ; in 
 those days no common matter, in the elastic period of youth, for a 4* 
 sleigh load of beauty with its attendant cavaliers to drive some 
 twenty or thirty iniles to be present on sucli an occasion ; he went 
 likewise to a "bachelors' ball" at Peterborp, which, by the brief 
 allusicm to it, appears to have been a great success. He records 
 with more detail the opening of a cliurch in the settlement. He 
 describes how they commenced with the " Morning hymn." It is 
 surprising, in my humble judgment, how this old Knglish liymn of 
 the conscientious noh-juror bishop Ken, has passed out of use in 
 the Church of England, to be supplante<l by much of the dubious 
 sentimentality of UKxlern hymnology. Perhaps some Broad- 
 churcb clergyman may see the wisdom of restoring it to use. The 
 volume may be described as a pleasant record of personal adventure, 
 and in the sense of bringing back to us " the sixty years since," it 
 is useful for reference in any description of the time. 
 
 L. (le Wetto. *' Uoi.se in den Voreiiif^teii Staateii imd 
 Canada ini Julir, 18.37." Leipzii^, 1838. 8vo. 
 
 William Bettridgc, 1>.1), "A brief history of tliti clinrch 
 in Upper Canada; containing' the acts of parliament, imperial 
 and provincial; royal instructions; proceedings of the 
 deputation ; correspondence with the government ; Clergy 
 Reserves tpiestion, t^'c, i^-c.'' London, 1838. 8vo. 
 
 Mr. Bettridge, of 8t. John's College, Caml)ridge, was the Rector 
 of Woodstock, Upper Canada, and in this work writes as a defender 
 of the "(.'lergy Reserves" in the interest of liis cliurch. He was 
 one of the deputation that in ISJJT proceeded to England, to make 
 known "to the authorities of Church and State, as also to the 
 
 !i 
 
-^ 
 
 97 
 
 Clergy and Laity generally, the state of al)3olute ])rivation of the 
 ministrations of our holy religion." Mr. Bottridgu rtlatea the 
 result of his mission, and in his narrative publishes many docu- 
 ments, in which the "Clergy Ke.servea" ([uestit^i is discu.ssud from 
 his point of view. 
 
 E. Rosier. "The Emigrant's friend in Ciuuida." London, 
 1839. ISin... 
 
 I have not been able to find this book. 
 
 Sir Francis Jiond Head, Bart. "A Xarrative." London, 
 1839. 488pp. App. A, 13. li. Stanton, Toronto, 38. 
 
 It falls to my duty to notice this particular work of this brilliant- 
 fitfirat If, for it is a narrative of his government of Upper Canada 
 from January, 1836, to M;irch, 1838. There was probaldy no similar 
 political event as his appointment to the position. He himself has 
 graphicuUy related all the sti-ange circumstances connected with it ; 
 and he adds somewhat naively, "I was really grossly ignorant of 
 every tiling that in any way related to the government of the 
 colonies " (p. 2,")). Sir Francis Hincka in his " Reminiscences of Ida 
 public life " (p. 14) on the authority of Mr. Roebuck asserts that 
 tlie letter of appointment v,as addressed by lord Glenelg, then 
 colonial secretary, to the wrong person. It had been determined to 
 discontinue tlie nomination of nulitary governors, and lord Lans- 
 downe had recommended Sir Edmund Heail ; l)y error the letter 
 was addresstd to Sir Francis Bond Head. Sir Francis Hincka 
 adds tlial he was confirmed in this opinion by "tlie positive 
 assurance of the correctness of the statement by a distinguished 
 imperial statesman." In private conversation Sir Francis expressed 
 liis conviction of its entire truth. 
 
 It is not my purpose in this place to enter into the consideration 
 of Head's administration. It is far too complex a question to be 
 considered in a few sentences. This, however, may be said, " lat- 
 ever the error of his public career, no one has assailed his desire to 
 do right, oi' the worth of his personal character. He was selected 
 to hohl the balance between two extreme political parties, each 
 tiiarked Viy extreme arrogance and unyielding opinifms, neither 
 understanding, even in a minor degree, the tolerance so indis- 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 
 V. 
 
 i 
 
T 
 
 3c: 
 
 .1 
 
 98 
 
 pensal)le to pi)litical life, and alike unbending in the advocacy of 
 tlie policy each advocated. Moreover, to add to the complications, 
 there was a weak, incompetent, colonial minister, whose theory of 
 government was to get rid of, ratiier than to meet an embarrassing 
 question. It was likewise a ])eriod of transition, and Head, although 
 possessing ability and force of character, was without true political 
 sagacity, and he had not passed through the training, Ijy which this 
 •want is to some extent supplied. All his opinions were entertained 
 with passionate earnestness, and they were entirely at variance 
 with the re(iuirement3 of Canada. His remedy was to stem all 
 democratic spirit as he put it (p. 281) in his despatcii of the lOth 
 Sept., 1837, to "oppose its iirogress." 
 
 Head refused to carry out the instructions of the colonial office, 
 viz., to place Mr. Bid well on the bench, and to restore Mr. (^eorge 
 Ridout to a juilgeship. He gave his reasons in a despatch of un- 
 usual length, (lOtli jjept. ) and in doing so tendered his resignation. 
 It was not accepted until the 26th of January, 1838, when Sir 
 (ieorge Aithur was appointed to succeed liim. Head left Canada 
 the following Marcli. 
 
 This woik, "a narrative," we are told, was printed in one week. 
 It appealed a year after his return to England. His primary view 
 was the vindication of his character and government ; in this he 
 attained a certain success, for it is not possible to read the b(Jok 
 without extending to its writer a certain sympathy ; he certainly 
 lost no consideration by its ap| eirince. Tliere is no work better 
 known to the historical student : one reason is that it is readable, 
 and even in his abuse of his opponents Head is straightforward and 
 fearlessly expresses his opinions. He doubtless looked upon his 
 government of Canada with a feeling he could himself scarcely 
 describe ; for if on one side he a^\ oke extreme discontent, in the 
 opposite direction he called forth much devotion. Head must be 
 always looked upon as one of the many men sent to carry oiit ti 
 trying duty, when success is only possible with stsitesmen of high, 
 noble and chivalrous qualities, in connection with unfailing, un- 
 sleeping judgment. It is only an act of justice to criticize l is 
 government with the consideration of its great complications. What- 
 ever his faults, he was devoted to the liritish Er.ipire, and had a 
 keen sentiment regarding its glory and greatness. His feeling with 
 regard to his own career may, perhaps, be truly expressed by the 
 
99 
 
 lines lie placed on the title page, those of ^^neas when he com- 
 menced his narrative to Dido of the ruin and destruction of Troy. 
 
 QuauKiuam animus meminisse horret luctucjue refugit ; 
 
 Incipiam. 
 
 T. K. Preston. "Throe years' residence in CiinuJa, from 
 1837, to 1839; -with a review of the condition of the Cana- 
 dian ])eople, I'tc, cK:c." London, 1840. 2 V(,.I ;., 8vo. 
 
 This l)ook appeared after the two rebellions of 1837, 1838, when 
 things had somewhat quieted. An account is given of the events of 
 those days, not, however, in a connected form ; and many of the 
 prominent topics of the day are considered. This work may be 
 principally referred to, as shewing the sentiment of the class of 
 persons which the writer represented. 
 
 Charles Buller. " Responsi])le Government for Colonies." 
 London, 1840. 
 
 Mr. Buller was one of the many able men who accompanied lord 
 Durham to Canada. He sat in the house of Commons from 1832 
 until his death in 1848. He obtained a high reputation as a con- 
 tributor to the reviews of his day. 
 
 I cannot pretend that the list I have given of the hooks 
 ])earing upon Canada within the sixty years from 1783 to 
 1840 published outside the i)rovince is complete, even within 
 the limit I have ol)served. I may claim, however, that it 
 has been my effort to make it as comprehensive as possil)le. 
 Among the works excluded are the pamphlets, which on 
 occasions have been numerous. ^lany have entirely disap- 
 })eared and remain unknown even by name ; in some instances, 
 no copy being extant, the work is unremendjered. It is 
 l)ossil)le that no perfect list can- be given of these hrochares 
 without reference to the collection in the British jNluseum, 
 and it would prove a Avork of no ordinary labour and 
 
 Note ^E. II. 12. Although my mind sluidders to remember [the 
 past] and takes refuge in grief ; I will begin. 
 
 ' I 
 
 I 
 
 it 
 
w 
 
 i«l 
 
 n 
 
 100 
 
 research. It is (lillicult to draw a precise and dciined line 
 where tlie classiticatioii of the pamphlet should cease, and 
 the higher class of work commence : often the so-called 
 volumes are merely exiianded ]iiimi»hlets, while, on the 
 otlier hand, a few well digested, carefully written pages may 
 deservedly claim a reputation, to whi(;h many a bulky volume 
 cannot as[)ire, 
 
 1 cannot accuse myself of want of endeavour to make the 
 calendar full and reliahle, so far as the sources availal)le for 
 reference i)ermitted me. 8onie of my literary friends, I fear, 
 may unpleasantly rememl)er the pertinacity with which I 
 troul)led them hy in(][uiries. My sources (jf information have 
 l)een the Parliamentary Library, the Archive Itranch at 
 Ottawa and the city of Toronto Library. I must express my 
 thankfulness to the gentlemen coiniected with these institu- 
 tions, ^Ir. 8ylvain, Dr. lirymner, and ]N[r. James ]>ain, for 
 the assistance I have received from them, and for the for- 
 bearance with which they entertif'ned my ajipeals to their 
 attention. I must specially acknowledge the kindness and 
 consideration shewn me by ^Mr. Bain, and the great assistance 
 he rendered me. 
 
 In cases where no account is given of the calendared 
 volume, I have been unable to gain access to it. 
 
 I have alluded to the Archives in a previous [)ortion of 
 this work. I conceive that I may with propriety give some 
 account of the Parliamentary Library in Ottawa, and of the 
 leading libraries in Ontario. 
 
 The original lil)rarv of the Province of Canada in 1841 
 
^.01 
 
 w 
 
 was foriiK'il from the two lil)riiries of the provinces of Upper 
 and Lower Ciinadfi. There was no very particular effort to in- 
 crease its capacity in the early years of the United Province, 
 and the additions to it were Imt moderate. J)urin<' the 
 ^Montreal riots arisin<ij from the Kehellion Losses act, on the 
 25th (if April, 1849, the ParlianK-nt House was senselessly 
 hurnt hy the moh, composed to a great extent of idlers 
 and boys, as such a rahlile is ^(enerally constituted. No 
 evidence r-ould l)e ohtaincMl how this outrage was committed. 
 "Whatever the excitement of ))ul)lic feeling, tlw act at the 
 time Avas regarded as un])r(!meditated ; and it remains one of 
 the many jiroofs that, when a crowd hegins to set law at 
 defiance, and is unchecked in tlie first ebullition of mis- 
 chievous idlly, it is hard to tell to what excess it will not 
 proceed. The madness of the proceeding is in itself a 
 proof that, if an intentional act, it was the work of some of 
 those reckless hangers-on of tuniult in any form, who ai)pear 
 upon any public commotion. There was, however, at the 
 time a current belief that it arose from some escape of gas. 
 The lire raged with such rapidity that it was scarcely pos- 
 sible to remove anything from the building. Une significant 
 act took place, the successful efi'ort to save the Queen's 
 portrait, which had l)een lately painted by Partridge, and 
 there was a general concurrence in effecting its preservation. 
 It now hangs in the House of Commons at Ottawa ; but the 
 romance connected with its presence seems to have ])een 
 generally forgotten. Perhaps these few words may aid in 
 revivifying the remembrance of it. The lil)rary, however, 
 Avith the exception of some odd volumes, was entirely 
 destroved. 
 
 The material loss to the province was sufficiently serious, 
 viewed in its estimate of nionev. The furniture of the 
 building ; an almost entire liln-ary of books ; the printed 
 
 i 
 
102 
 
 li^ 
 
 rocords ; with inucli of tlie privato property of the nioiiihers 
 of the Houses and the officers of the Lcf^nsiature. The loss, 
 liowever serious, -was resolvahle into fij^nires ; hut tliere was 
 niucli destroyed that inth-ed was irreparal)U'. Karly examjiles 
 of i»rintin<,f in the first years of the province of Upjier 
 Canada ha<l heen inlierited from tlie Hhrary of that i)rovince, 
 in some instances to he found nowhere else ; they forever dis- 
 appeare(h The Lower Canada section was ridi in many 
 M88. and records of Frendi ruh', wliich in past years had 
 been gathered hy Mr. Faribault. Tliis fine coHection was 
 burned; in the half-century which has elapsed, for the period 
 is close ujjon that tiiiu^, in spite of constant attention and 
 effort to make the loss in all resi)ects good, it is feared that 
 much nuist remain unreplaced, several of the books and 
 MSS. not being procurable.* 
 
 The consequence of these riots was the removal of the 
 seat of government from ]\Iontreal where they took place, 
 and the establishment of the absurd system of the peram- 
 bulating change of location; four years being passed in 
 Toronto, and four in (.Quebec. Tlie succeeding legislature 
 accordingly met in Toronto in May, 1850, and continued 
 there during 1851, when the change was made to Quebec. 
 This system lasted fifteen years, alternating Ijetween the two 
 cities. It was found to l)e cuml)ersome in ever}' respect, 
 leading to great expense, and failing in its object to extend 
 advantage to the cities, wliich coidd agree on no other policy 
 
 * Mr. Faribault has left on record his wide reading and know- 
 ledge in this respect, in the work published by him at Quebec in 
 1837: "Catalogue d'ouvrages sur I'histoire de I'Amerique, et en 
 particulier sur celle du Canada, de la Louisiane, de I'Acadie, et 
 d'autres lieux, ci-devant connus sous le nom de la Xouvelle-France. 
 Avec des notes bibliographiques, critiques et litteraires. " The 
 volume is now somewhat rare. 
 
103 
 
 rorjardin-,' tlie seat of f^overnmoiit, l)ut its constant change. 
 Finally, after nuicli political difticulty, wliidi in no way I 
 feel called u\nm to narrate, Ottawa was named as the seat 
 of government, and on the 8tli of June, 18GG, the legisla- 
 tnre met in the new narliamentarv hnildin-'s,* 
 
 But tlie misfortunes of the peramladating government 
 were not linisiied, and in th: "- train the lilirary was again a 
 sufferer. On the 1st of February, 1854, the House of 
 Assembly at (^)uehec Avas destroyed hy fire. Commissioners 
 were appointed to inquire into the cause, and, as indeed might 
 have l)een ex[)ecte(l, no evidence was forthcoming to warrant 
 a positive opinion on the sul)ject. Tlie testimony of the 
 Avitnesses was reported at length, and the public was left to 
 
 * The following are the dates of the change : — 
 
 ISoO Toronto. House assembled, 14th May. 
 1851 
 
 18.52 Quebec. 
 3 
 4 
 
 19th August. 
 
 lS-")6 Toronto. 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 1866 
 
 l;")th Februarj', 
 
 1860 Quebec. «' " 2Sth February. 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 " " 19th January. 
 
 The last session held at Quebec. 
 
 Sth June. The first session at Ottawa. 
 
 
' T 
 
 w 
 
 f\ 
 
 u 
 
 I 
 
 lot 
 
 form its own coiicln.si(jiis. Theiv is, lidwover, groniul for 
 Itelicf tliat tlio' fire was attri1)utal)l(' to defective; lines. It 
 was first discovered in the early luornin^i;' al)out tliree o'clock 
 on tlie 1st of February, in a new wing lately constructed, 
 and before issistance could be obtained it niaile ra])id 
 ]»rogress. ^lany alterations in tlu> buildintj; had bc'cn hastily 
 carried out, and little precaution had been taken a,L!;ainst the 
 possibility of lire?. The messengers had examined the rooms 
 before leaving the building, and there was no discovery of 
 any Avant of care. The mode of heating the ])uilding was 
 ]»ronouncei| to have been in no way the caus(> of the fire, 
 direct or indire(;t, and the commissioners added tlieir 
 unhesitating oj»inion that the l)urning was })urely the result 
 of accident and ]»)t of design.* 
 
 We learn from tlie commissioners' re})ort some facts con- 
 nected with the lii)rary .Vt tlie last examination the library 
 consisted of 17,000 volun s, which liad been collected at an 
 expense of £10,000 ($40,000). A great number of l)ooks 
 liad been received as (h^nations, and, including sucli volumes, 
 tlie actual value of the lil)rary was established at £11,723 
 (.-i?4G,892). Of the 17,000 vohimes cm the shelves at the 
 period of the tire, 8,725 were preserved. As the libravy was 
 insured for .S-10,000, no loss resulted to the province in this 
 respect, there being an amount sufficient to replace the 
 missing l)ooks. The loss on the l)uilding and furniture, 
 deducting the insurance, Avas $150,000. 
 
 Tt is a curious fact to commemorate that the catastrophe 
 was repeated some weeks sul)se(iueiitly. The House of 
 
 * " Report of the coinmissioners appointed to inquire into the 
 cause of the tire at the parliament 1n;ihhngs on the 1st of February, 
 lSr)4, and tlie circumstances connected therewith. J. W. Dunsconib 
 and Oliver Fiset, Es(|uires, commissioners ; Geo. Futvoye, Es(piire, 
 secretary, Quebec, 1854." The report is dated 27th Feltruary. 
 
105 
 
 Asseiultly had hccMi so tliorouj^lily ilostroyod that the govern- 
 ment liii'f'd the convent of the Sisters of Cliarity near tlie 
 glacis 1)y Saint Jolni's gate, fronting on St. < )livier stre(!t. On 
 the niu'ht of the 3r(l of May this eiiitiee was discovered to 
 !)(' on lire, wliicli continued until the huilding was gutted 
 and untit for <ieeuiiation. Workmen were engaged ujHjn the 
 premises at the time, and, as hut litth; of the government 
 furniture had been move(l there, in this respect there was 
 scarcely any loss. As the ])ooks had not been transferred 
 the lil)rary was in no way a suH'crei'. The consequence of 
 this second tire was that the Music Hall in Saint Louis 
 street was hired for the use of the legislative assembly, and 
 the Court House was assigned to the coiuicil.* The library 
 was installed in the Imilding in Saint Louis street, o])posite 
 the Music Hall. 
 
 Parliament nu't on the L3th of June. This narrative not 
 being a ]»olitical treatise, it is only necessary to remark that 
 Mr. Cauchon moved an anuMidment to the address, expressing 
 regret that tlie seigneurial (piestion had not been considered, 
 to which Mr. Sicotte sup})lemented an expression of regret, 
 that the clergy reserves had been left unmentiimed in view of 
 their secularization. The amendment was carried by a vote 
 of 42 to 24. It was a vote of want of contidence. The 
 majority CI imprehended the most oi»i)osite (dements, and Lord 
 Elgin, on the a<lvice of his ministry, on the 20th of the 
 
 * A coiuinission consisting of Mr. R. S. M. Bouchette and Mr. 
 Dunbar Ross was appninted to examine intf) the causes of the acci- 
 dent. They reported on the 19tli of June, but were unable tc come 
 to any conchision. At the date of the fire b")0 carpenters and joiners 
 were actively employed in the building. Their (hity Ijeing limited 
 to this in(|uiry, no other point is touclied upon. [Vol. 13, 1st Seas. 
 V. parliament, lS.')4-r), Xo. 7.] The Quelicr Cliroiiirlf, of the 6th 
 states : " The Legislature had removed very few of its effects to tlie 
 liuilding, and liad therefore lost little." 
 
 i i; 
 
 I I 
 
106 
 
 montli t()(tk tlic [)()litical world by surprise by }»r()r()<,'iiing the 
 House. A ^'cneriil election followed. PiU-lianient met on 
 tlie 5th of September and Siit until the 18th of December, 
 when it adjourned until the 23rd of Felnniary, 1855. The 
 sittings were continued until the 30tli of May. The next 
 .session was held at Toronto on the 15th of February, 1856. 
 The journals of Parliament record th<; thanks of the House 
 to tlu! archbishop, the ecclesiastics of the seminary, and the 
 military for their exertions in saving a portion of the lil)rary. 
 Thanks Avere voted to the emi)eror of the French for the 
 muniticent donation made ])y the French government; to the 
 houses of lords and connnons, the lord chancellor and 
 speaker of the house of c(»mmons, and to several societies 
 and ])rivat(' geiitlemen for their contributions. Also, to the 
 
 I 
 
 president of the United States and the governors and legis- 
 latm-es of X(!W York, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, ( )hio, 
 Elaine, \'ermont, Virginia, ^lichigan, Louisiana, Massachusetts 
 and Xew Ham])shii'e, and to others. The liln-arian was also 
 sent to England to make [jurchases to replac'O the Ix.toks 
 destroye(l. 
 
 It cainiot be said that nnich was don(» to bring the library 
 to a high state of elliciency during the remaining years that 
 the " perand>ulation " took place. The (lovernment remained 
 in Toronto until 1859. In 1860 the legislature was again at 
 (j)ueljec. There was no further move to Toronto. ( )ttawa 
 had been finally establishetl as the seat of government, and 
 the legislature remained at (.^Juelx'c until }iermanently trans- 
 ferred to the mnv capital. The last session hel<l at (^)uebec 
 op(Mied on the 19th of -lanuary, 1865, and clos(><l the 30th of 
 June. On the 8th of June, 1866, the lirst parliament was 
 opened at Ottawa. It was the last parliament of the old 
 province of Canada. 
 
 It is from the period of confederation that the library 
 
107 
 
 may l)o said to date the coiinnoncempiit of its pn.'senfc 
 excellence. As the Ijooks increased, it was soon seen that the 
 provision made for the library was totally inade(juate ; conse- 
 ([nently the present circular structure, ori^nnally designed l»y 
 ]\rr. Thomas Fuller, was placed under contract : the interior 
 arrangement heing that of Mr, Thomas S. Scott, chief archi- 
 tect, pul'lic Avorks. Being completed, without fixtures, in 
 1876, shortly after the still well rememljered fancy l)all of 
 lord 1 )uirerin, a ball was given there, if my memory does not 
 fail me, by Mr. Cauchon, then speaker of the Senate. In 
 a short time afterwards the lil)rary fittings were completed 
 and the books transferred to them. Xo one can stand in 
 this noble hall without being impressed with the dignity of its 
 appearance, and its extent. The lilx'rality of the legislature, 
 however, and the desire on every side to make the parlia- 
 mentary library worthy the country, have led to a most liberal 
 expenditure, and already the pressure of insufficient room is 
 felt. It is very certain, if the library is to retain its character, 
 that additional room must l)e found. I will not take upon 
 myself to say in what form. It is a subject which demands 
 much consideration. When these additions are made, they 
 should be of sufficient extent to last for a century. Thos(j 
 who havvi carefully studied the (pu'stion have no doubt 
 ilefinite views of what is recpiired, and the sultject has to be 
 approached in an enlarged s[)irit, narrowed by no false 
 economy, or unwise limitation. If I hesitate to express 
 an opinion as to the course to Ije followed, it is not from 
 any want of faith in the necessity of the enlargement. It 
 is a fact patent to every man of letters admitted to the 
 Hbrary, and those senators and memljers of parliament 
 who have considered the question are fully ii'- i-essed with 
 the sense of the obligation which in this respect lies upon 
 the government. 
 
!■■ 
 
 '* 
 
 :■ 
 
 1 
 
 108 
 
 Tlic present unsatisfactory cnnditinn of tlic lilirarv avisos 
 from its very wealth. It possesses so many volumes as to bo 
 cramix'tl foi' room : tlio shelves are orow(l(Ml, and the soareh 
 for a hook is often eihl)arrassin<^. There is a class of poojile 
 who mav sav, then Imv no nxtre iiooks. That is one rtMuodv, 
 it is true ; hut it can he carried out only at the cost of la,L!;,Lrini,' 
 hohind all niodeiii tliought; ]>y remaining ignorant of tho 
 discoveries of science; hy failing to go onward with tho 
 advance of art; hy ceasing to occu))V the front rank in tho 
 elevating i)ursuit of literature. If we do not tremhle at the 
 appearance of a comet,* if wo know the l)o,nefit of drainage 
 to avoid disease, if we have; no plagues of the middles ages, if 
 Ave no longer helieve in the charlatanism which finds (!oal at 
 (^)uel)ec and livwmanville, if we learn that there is something 
 higher in life than making money, and being a tric-kster and a 
 porjurei' in ))olitics, if we have law based on sense and reason, 
 it is because we have books, to teach us wdiat is right, materi- 
 ally iuid morally. We may count, therefore, on the general 
 assent that the library must be (continued at its ])resent high 
 standard of excellence. If this theory is to be maintaim^d. 
 greater library accommodation must be obtained. It is a 
 matter not Avithout diiliculty, but it is ])y no means insuper- 
 able. It is not one lightly or flipjtantly to l»e api)roacheih 
 for it demands nnu'h roHiM'tion, and prudenc.'e and judgment 
 have to be exeirised in det(n'mining the course to be fol- 
 lowed. One fact maybe relicnl ui)on, that the jiroposition 
 Avould command such universal countenance, that those 
 inclined to ojtixtse the augmentation Avould generally hesitate 
 to assert themselves, if animated by a love (jf jjopularity. 
 
 I will, however, take upon myself to suggest ar arrango- 
 
 * It is only two centuries back that IJoj-le wrote his " Pensee.s 
 (liverses ecrites a an Docteur de Soi'bonne a I'occasion de la coniete 
 qui parut au niois de Docenibre, 1680." 
 
109 
 
 mciit, wliicli would for some years greatly relieve the i)reseut 
 pressure, and whieli is desirahh; iu many points of ^■ie^v, 
 espeeially from the, aceommoilation it would extend to the 
 more studious senators and meml)ers of parliament; those 
 wh" refer to law authorities, and fi\ themselves for del)ate. 
 It is to convert the present reading room into a law library, 
 and, keeping it cm coiwantoi all literature, of this class, place 
 it iu charge (»f an ahle, educatetl sul)dil)rarian, who would 
 take charge of the l)ranch, with a sutH';ient number of assist- 
 ants to attend to the mechanical lahour of fetcliing hooks. 
 The n-medy is as inexpensive as it would prove eilicient. 
 Where, it may he said, would you establish the reading room? 
 It is not my duty to examine; into that j)oint, and, wen; it so, 
 I would hesitate to express an opinion, without a full con- 
 sideration of every interest involved. 1 am told, on what I 
 regard as good authority, that there would be no dilliculty in 
 that direction. The situation of the present reading room, it 
 must be recollected, was that of the first library, and, as we 
 regard it at this date, one cannot but feel how ridiculously 
 small it was for the original })urpose intimded. From this 
 fact, however, it is directly accessible both from tin; senate 
 and house of commons, and in that jtoint of view presents 
 admirable advantages for the use suggested. The establish- 
 luent of such an adchniduiv should be regulated according to 
 the strictest rules. It sh.)uld be regarded as if it were a close 
 literary clulj ; no one admittcKl, except a senator or a mem])er 
 of the lower house, without a joint written order from tlio 
 speakers, and th(?n only under exceptional circumstances. 
 < Hit of the session the admission could be more g(MU'ral, under 
 certain rules. This arrangement would for a time, indepen- 
 dently of the Ijenefit it would extend to the higher class of 
 members, greatly relieve the pressure in the lil)rary. It 
 would exact no large disbursement to effect the change, and 
 
 •6^> 
 
 
TT 
 
 110 
 
 a' 
 
 i 
 
 I tliiiik it may 1)0 safely said, it would in no way lead to 
 iiiconvciiiciu-'c. 
 
 Possildy these reeommeudations may arouse so much 
 attention, that the (;han,t,'i! will he eiifcjreed l)y puhlic opinion, 
 although it is without promise (jf })olitieal su])port to the 
 ministry. 
 
 I have now to turn to the eondition and extent of the 
 lihrary itself, in which every hraneh of science, art, litera- 
 ture and law is to he found ; the collection nund)ers 150,000 
 distinct Works, entered ui)on the catalogue. Tlu; numl)er of 
 volumes which they rei>resent is dilHcult to determine. 
 Those who are learned in averages may draw their own 
 conclusions on this ])oint. Thev have heen estimated nnighlv 
 at a (juarter of a million. 
 
 A lai'ge porti(»n of the annual ajipropriation so liherally 
 vote<l hy }»arliament is devoted to the acquisition of works 
 U]t(jn law, social and political economy, political history, 
 history and statistics, and he/les Idtres. The political section 
 likewise receives a great increase from the exchanges received 
 from foreign governments ; a recognized system, hoth cinirt- 
 eous and useful, hy which all lil)raries are greatly henetited. 
 Thus, the collection in this respect is not only enriched 
 hy the i»arliamentary ])apers and rejtorts of Great Britain, 
 France and the T'nited States, hut also from many of the 
 states of the Union, and the greater numher of the British 
 coloni'.'s. 
 
 The historical student will find no Avant unsatisfied in his 
 research. A rare collection of hooks, French and English, 
 necessary to investigation, is availahle for use; it includes 
 as far as possi])le, all that recent research has Ijrought to 
 light ; the puhlications issued under the authority of the 
 ^Master of the Rolls in the mother country : "La collection 
 des Documents Inedits," pnhlished l)y the French govern- 
 
 !«■ 
 
Ill 
 
 iiinit; the works ])ri)U^lit out by *'L;i Socieie de I'liistoiiv do 
 FraiKM'. ;" "Aiuericau AiH.liivcs," edited l)y l^eter Force; also, 
 till' i)ul)li(;atioii8 of the societi<iS devoted to the exploration 
 of ]*alestiiie and Kgypt, which have in the last fi^w years 
 thrown great light on several of the knottv points of 
 ancient history, with the sjjleudid fac-sinn of papyri 
 issued l»y the liritish Museum of the works Oi Schlieniann, 
 de Cesnola and (others. 
 
 Ks])ecial care is taken in the collections bearing u[)on the 
 history of the northern continent of Araeri(;a. I would 1)0 
 ungrateful if I failed to l)ear testimony to its excellence and 
 to the courtesy extended U) nu) in reference to it. In the 
 two hres wliich 1 have r<.'cordcd, the greatest loss experienced 
 in the lil)]ary was the destruction of documents of this class, 
 the void of which is still felt in spite of every effort made to 
 re])lace thein. (leuerally the works I have caleiidared were 
 from the shelves of tlie library. In the instances when I 
 failed to meet with them, i)r. J>rymner and Mr. JJaiu, of 
 the Toronto library, came to my rescue with characteristic 
 courtesy and kindness. 
 
 The inventor and patent-seeker can complain of no lack of 
 sotu'ces of information in th(> richness of the collection, which 
 lies at their disposal. They will find a c(jmplete set of the 
 specifi(,'ations of the patents granted in the United Kingdom, 
 Frau'^e, the United States, with those of the leading Jiritish 
 pro\ uces in the outer empire. The aljove are supplemented 
 by the ollicial and non-olticial reports of the Interna ti<jnal. 
 Intercolonial, and tiie other leading exhibitions held since 
 1850. 
 
 The series of the proceedings and transactions of the 
 learned societies of the United Kingdom, France, ami the 
 United States are to Ije found generally complete, likewise 
 the leading reviews, magazines, and the chief periodicals 'of 
 those countries. 
 

 112 
 
 1 
 
 The .section of tlic fine arts may be asserted to he, without 
 iimluo praise or exa<^^'(' ration, nn.siirpassod on the continent. 
 For Ihe j)ast years it lias hccn (h/vclojinl wiih nuidi good 
 taste and judgment. Among its nmst valual)h! exam[iles 
 may Ix^ mentioned the "Chalcograpiiic ilu ,Musc<' du Louvre," 
 from the library of Louis Philii)[)e, King of the French, in 
 81 Volumes; "(iavard's flaleries histori(|Ues,"' with sujjple- 
 ment, 17 volumes; the " ^lusee Fi'aucius;" the " Aunales 
 du Musee et de I'KcoIe moderne dv.^^ Jj( aiix .\vts;'' the 
 ]»ul)li<'ations of the "Arundel Society;" autotyj)! produ'.-- 
 tion of the works of lla[)hael and the grcjit painters of 
 modern times; "Stodart's drawings of the I Jay eiix Tapestry;" 
 AVagner's "Treasures of Art in (Ireat iJritaiii ; " .lohn 
 Tiuskin's word's ; Hogarth; masterjiieees of Fr( U'ji, (rerman 
 and Italian art; Holbein's "Dance of Death;" the Chats- 
 worth Railaelles ; reproduction of Laiidseer, Millais, 
 AVhistler, and of most (jf the known modtaii artists. 
 
 The (h'eek and Latin classics, although \u>{ ridi in ancient 
 and venownetl editions, make a good (exhibit. The last 
 imprints of modern scholarship are wv.U rcpreseiite*!, all the 
 new editions I icing ol»taiued, as they ap])ear, to he added to 
 the list ; such works as those of Jowett, Jebh, Coiiington 
 and men of tlieir class. There is to l)e found " N'alpy's 
 Classics," edition of 1830; "Holm's classical library ;" "La 
 collection des Auteurs Grecs," with the Latin transhition, 
 I>ublish('d by the great firm of Finiiin, Didot of Pai'is ; the 
 collection pu))lished by I'anckoueke, with Fvciuli transla- 
 tion, and several minor editions. 
 
 In German and Italian the principal standard authors only 
 are to lie found. They consist chiefly of the classical poets 
 and hellcs-lettres. The readers in this 1)ranch of litcn'ature 
 have been so exceedingly limited as in no way to suggest 
 great expenditure in this direction. In German, howevt-i', 
 
113 
 
 the works iK'iiring in any way on the American revi'lu- 
 tionary M^ar are i»rescnt, for rcforenco.* The hest kn(nvn 
 English translations of this standard authors of Chnnmuy and 
 Italy rej^resent this hranch of literature. 
 
 During the past years no eifort has heen spared to procure 
 the earliest and hest editions of all English standard 
 Avorks, Until in pmse and poetry, it is not always an 
 easy matter to reach this result; catalogues have to he 
 studied, and much attention and correspondence are neces- 
 sary to attain success. These l)Ooks are only tn lie ol)tained 
 as opportunity ofl'ers, and not unfrequently the order arrives 
 too late for the jiurchase. Full success in this design must 
 he a matter of time and constant watchfulness. 
 
 The editions of Shakespeare Avith the commentaries on 
 his plays constitute a small lihrary in themselves. It is 
 painful to add that inany of these sets are imperfect. It 
 may he said that it is in this direction the greatest ravages 
 in past years have 1)een male hy those who have the r^/A^ 
 to take l)Ooks from the lihrary. Several of tlie editions 
 have heeii disgracefully mutilated, and are incomplete. It is 
 not only in this direction that this remark ap]ihes. The 
 classical lihrary has greatly sutfered. Hooks lia\e disappeared 
 from the shelves, manj' of \\hich were authoritatively 
 ol)taijied, and remain unreturned. Sir John Ahhott, if he 
 has not ahanchnied the studies of his youth, in wliieli he 
 ohtained some distincticm, may j)0ssil)ly feel himself called 
 n})on, when these deficiencies in the classics are l»rought to 
 
 * The latest addition is " Schlus.ser's Letters," in 128 \-ohuucs. 
 A ytortioii of tlieir contents have lately Ijeen translated ]>y Mr. W, 
 L. Stone, of New Jersey. "Brief VVtchsol meist historischen und 
 ])')Iitisclien Jnlialts. August Ludwig Schliisser [177(5-1 782]. (Jot- 
 tingeii, 10 vols. Staats Anzeigen Gesannnelt von August Lndwig 
 Schl.isser. Vol. I., 177'2. Vol. XVIII., 1793. 18 vols. 
 u 
 
Iii 
 
 r I 
 
 11 
 
 1. 
 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 '> 
 
 liis iitti'liti"!!, ti> see that stf'i>s art' lakcli to supply tin' luss. 
 lie i< the I'll"' iiu'UiIm'I' of the picsciit ministry who can lie 
 ap]i('al«M| to. tui' lit) (iilitT has any knowh'dj^c of those studies, 
 or lilt' least sympathy with them. There are some memhers 
 of the s(Miate aiwl li'iusc tif etiiiimoiis who may led intere.stetl 
 in this appeal, ami wht) may ( tmsider it a iluty to intervene 
 in this' eiiH'i'^i'my. The f;ict that many valuahle works 
 liavt' lieeii remlt'H'tl imperfect must he stated without 
 circumlt)culi'iii, and also that l)()oks of th(> lil)rary have; heen 
 (liscredital)ly injureil and mutilutc'l. 
 
 There tiu,L;ht ti> he a striii},fent law, that valuahle Inioks of 
 a hi^h tinlei' shtmltl mi nn account he permitted to leave the 
 M'alls tif the lihrary, even at the demantl of the hij^diest 
 jiersonai^^e in tllie Ptmiinion. They should only he ttpen to 
 refei't'iice within the htiildin-;'. It is at variance Avith sense 
 antl propriety, that these vt»lumes should he jilaced in the 
 hamls ttf any jierstins uho are i^niorant of their value, ami 
 uho are indiHerent as to the treatment which tlu'y r(H;eive. 
 It is a ])oiut. fiiiif('i'nin^i,f which no privilege should he jileaded, 
 ftu" it is, t)u ttecasitms, exercised oidy in mischief. I court 
 an impiiry into the matter, so that it may he seen if in any 
 respect 1 niisre})reseiit or exaggerate. 
 
 The ailmirahle manner in Avhicdi the catalogue is kept is 
 deserving t)f special allusion. In the first place, the cali- 
 gra})hy is smh that tiie ahsence of printer's type is never 
 niissetl ; not always a feature in catalogues. It consists of 
 two divisions t)f hooks: one in which the works are entered 
 in their classification, as they arcj received ; the other, in 
 which antht)rs are rt^corded alphalietically, with r(!ference 
 made to the full title of their wink, ami the shelf where 
 each volume is to he fonntl. A reader may thus learn in the 
 simplest manner, ])y turning ti^ the register, if the name of 
 the author sought for is on the catalogue ; and the place 
 wdiere the work is accessihle. 
 
115 
 
 .('pt is 
 |e cali- 
 uevcv 
 lists of 
 Intorctl 
 iier, in 
 |(>rence 
 where 
 in tlu' 
 uie of 
 place 
 
 Tlici't' has ]»('('ii sdiiK! attempt nf lat(! years to "simplify " 
 cataloj^niiiin', as it is called, so as to reduce the lal)our of 
 entry ; <>iie of which is to insert the name of the author on a 
 card, and place it in a ilrawer in its alphabetical i)osition. 
 This system has found ^'reat favour in many libraries of the 
 United States, and has been to a j^reat extent hrou^^dit into 
 use. \W many it is claimed as a modern improvement, 
 capalile of the fullest expansion, as liein^f easy of ref(!rence 
 and j^ettin;;' rid of much, as its advocates qualify it, useless 
 labour. Savin<;- the last adjective, it may be admitted that 
 this result is in a way ol)tained, and, from the view of the 
 ollicial in tlie library, may be jicrhaps sustained by addi- 
 tional ar;^aiment. Jhit is not this Ix'side the question? A 
 librarian is uot at the head of his stall' as an ornamental 
 personaj.;e. To my mind, his first function is a hi_L,dier one 
 than simply discovering the easiest mode in whi(.'h he can 
 perform his duty. His obligation is undoubtedly to govern 
 the lil)rary wisely, and discreetly ex])end the money confided 
 ti» him ; but the lil)rary itself has l)cen established and is 
 endowed for the benefit of the student, for the readers wlio 
 refer to its volumes. The })riniary question, then, t(j my 
 mind, is not what gives the least troul^le to the oilicials, 
 but what is the most eli'ective way of giving information to 
 those seeking it. Like everything else in life, there is no 
 royal road to a perfect catalogue, and the ()ne consideration 
 is, not the amount of labour, or the simplicity of the system 
 on which it may be made, but the means by which informa- 
 tion can be readily obtained by those looking for it. The 
 written alphabetical catalogue, kept up to the latest edition, 
 can lie referred to l^y anyone who can read and write. On 
 this subject it may be said there are two classes of persons 
 who have recourse to these volumes : the one that patiently 
 and reverently turns over the leaves, careful to avoid injury ; 
 
r 
 
 11^1 
 
 1 
 
 1:^ 
 
 iir. 
 
 and the very opposit*'; those iic^'li^'ciit reckless exanunors, 
 wild, considering' (»nly their (»wu nionientary want, carelessly 
 and hastily jtcoeven' in their search, indillerent as to the 
 injury they inflict on the pa^'es they are consultin;^'. Such 
 senii-])arl)arians, at least in this point of view, should ho 
 deharred the use of the lihrarv. l>v this mode of exaniina- 
 titin, i.f'., reference to the catalogue, the information desired 
 on any suhject is <,'ained in the easiest and most rapid manner. 
 Ti^e card system is tedious, cumhersome and fatiguinj,' for 
 reference hy the student. In every Avell-conductecl lihrary 
 the works are classitie(l : the consecjuence is, that with the 
 hest intention a mistake may he made and a lionk unwisely 
 ciitaloj^ued, and so escape attention, lieiuLi,' placed in the 
 ■svron<( class. In' an alphahetical index, where name succeeds 
 name rej^'ardless of the suhject, and reference is made to the 
 volume of classitication, where the title of the Imok is given 
 in full, such a mischance is impossible. 
 
 I am (|uite awari' that the opinions 1 ex[)ress will ])e con- 
 troverted hy many men of altility and reputation. 1 am not, 
 however, unacipiainted with libraries, and my remarks may 
 claim some attention, from the ex[)erieuce Avhich has sug- 
 gested them. The system of cataloguing in the parliamentary 
 library, in my humlde judgment, is most satisfactory, and in 
 every respect reflects the highest credit on the gentlemen in 
 
 cJiarge o 
 
 fit. 
 
 Some mention must be made of the Canadian coinage in 
 the lil)rarv. it is n<it kept in cal)inets, l)iit jdaced under 
 glass cases, so that it may be remarked by the many holiday 
 visitors Avho enter the library. It is well arranged in this 
 form as one of the sights bv the custodian, Mr. Casault. 
 Care is taken l)y him to keej) it up to the latest standard. 
 There are many medals annually struck to record passing 
 events, especially in connection with the Koman catholic 
 
n 
 
 nder 
 
 iidiiy 
 
 this 
 
 ;iUllt. 
 
 lard, 
 sing 
 liolic 
 
 Horiotics, and to pcrpctnatc the merits of sonn* cntiTprising 
 tnitlcr. Kvcrv numismatist rcmt'inlici's tlic copper tokens 
 of the mother eonntry. Those of tlie time of Charh's I., 
 issued hetween 1(140 iind 1G<)0, have l)een eatalogueil hy 
 Mr. l>oyh'. Ten thousand specimens are recor(h'(l ; it is 
 l)eiieved tluit the total issue exceeded douhlo this nundjor. 
 The remarkalile Beaufoy collection, lielonging to the coi'- 
 poration of imiterial London, is set forth in a woi'k of 
 unusual learning and ahility. What are calle<l the Corder 
 tokens, from the name of the person who has catalogued 
 them, were issued towards the close of the last century. 
 They first ajtpeared in 179S and died out in 1801. "Without 
 varieties and "nudes," there are al)out 1,200 tokens which 
 can he legitimately so considered. Conch'r catalogues 2,400. 
 The later copper tokens, which ajtpeared l)etween 1810-15, 
 remain uncatalogued ; the silver tokens of the date have 
 l>een placed on record. This hranch of numismatics is a 
 study in itself. 
 
 Those who have never looked into the matter will he 
 .surprised to k-arn that Canada has u literature in this respect. 
 The first l)ook ])rinted on the sul)ject was hy Mr. Alfred 
 8andham, " Coins, Tokens and Medals of the Dominion," 
 Montreal, 1869. 
 
 ^Ir. Sandham was in this respect the instrument of 
 reducing our numismatic chaos to order. ^lany writ(!rs have 
 followed him, the last heing J)r. Leronx, whose volume 
 appears to Ite the standard hook. Collectors, however, say 
 that it is not "das l)uch der Zukunft ; " 1854 pieces are 
 catalogued. Thev include Avhat is known of the coinage 
 during the French reijinie, current in Xew France. The 
 special coinage for Canada, however, was not important at 
 this date.* 
 
 * The latest authority on the pieces issued, previous to the 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 
 f 
 ( 
 \ I 
 
 118 
 
 In the form in Avliicli the lueilals and coins are kept, tliey 
 arc -well arranged, and mucli attention has been l)e.stowed to 
 keej) tlifc collection an conrant of the latest pieces struck in 
 the Dominion, and in obtaining examples of the coinage 
 current during French rule. The collection hids fair to he as 
 
 conquest, l)y France for Canada and the colonies, is E. Zay, 
 " Histoire Monetaire des Colonies Francaises d'aprcs les docinnents 
 Officiels, avec 278 figures." Paris, 1802. I am indebted to Mr, 
 Casault for reference to this volume. They are as follows : — 
 
 FOR THE COLONIES GENERALLY. 
 
 (1.) Piece de 15 sols (silver). 
 
 LUD. XIIIL, D.C. (soleil), FR. ET. NAY. REX. 
 
 R. GLORIAM REdNI TUI DICENT, 1670. Ex. A. 
 
 (2. ) The same piece, smaller. 5 sols. 
 
 (II) A pattern piece at Paris, never issued. Copper. 
 
 LUDOVICUS XIIII., D. C. R., FRAN. ET. XAV. REX. 
 In field 1() L. 70, under a crown A. 
 
 R. in four lines, DOUBLE | DE LA | MERIQUE | FRAX- 
 CAISE. E". A. 3. Fleui-H-dt-Us. 
 
 (4.) Copper. 
 
 LUD. XV., D. G., FR. ET XAV. REX. 
 
 R. XII. DENIERS COLOXIES, 1717. Ex. Q. 
 
 (.").) The same mint for 
 
 VI. DENIERS. 
 (0.) Copper. 
 
 SIT NOMEN DOMINI BEXEDICTUM. 
 
 2 L. [< II saiifoir, coi(i-o)iii('.-<.] 
 
 R. COLONIES FRANCAISES, 1721. Ex. H. 
 (7.) Billon. 
 
 In field C. crowned, the legend not decipherable, marked 
 on one side only. 
 
 (8.) Double sol de 24 deniers. 
 
 L. crowned with 'Sjleurs-((e-li-< in field. 
 LUD. XV., D. G./fR. ET. XAV. REX. Ex. A fox. 
 R. SIT NOM. DOM. BENEDICTUM. 1738. Ex. A. 
 2 L. ajf'rontees ef croissee''<. Crown above. 
 
 t 
 \ I 
 
119 
 
 perfect lis it can be made. At present it is weak cm one or 
 two sections, especially with regard to the sacramental 
 tokens. It is to he hoped that no opportunity which oilers 
 for legitimately completing this national collection Avill he 
 allowed to j)ass 1>y. It is, likewise, worthy of considerati(.in 
 whether it he not advisable to place the medals and coins in 
 the orthodox cabinet, instead of leaving them under glass 
 cases, as is the ])ractice in the nKtdern ten-cent museinu.* 
 According to ^Ir. Casault the Canadian coins number 731, 
 the medals, 54G ; making a total of 1,277. 
 
 I have spoken of the sacramental tokens. Mr. 1:1. ^V. 
 ^IcLachlan, of Montreal, last year published a thin volum(>, 
 but of much use to the Canadian numismatist, "Canadian 
 Conuuunion Tokens," a catalogue of n.ietal sacramental tickets 
 used in the different Presl)yterian churches in Canada. ]\Ir. 
 ^NIcLachlan is the pioneer in this branch of the science ; he 
 gives a catalogue of 241 such tokens. The labour of gaining 
 the information must have l)een a serious matter, for it was 
 only derivable by direct correspondence with the ministers of 
 the several churches. These tokens, in the first instance, 
 arose with the Scotch Presbyterians, and were sul)Sequently 
 accepted by the reformed churches of France. They Avere 
 never used in England and Ireland. Xo doubt the custom 
 took its origin in Scotland from its necessity. The }topula- 
 tion at the time was scattered ; the sacrament Avas only 
 administered at long intervals on a given date, and many 
 
 * Independently of the charge of the coins, Mr. Casault is re- 
 sponsihle for the care of the library with the books, and has many 
 varied duties to perform ; among thetn is that of dispensing the 
 stationery. The latter, however, in modern times, is not a weiglity 
 ottice ; for out of the session even one slieet of paper cannot be 
 obtained by a reader m the library, without special liumble applica- 
 tion. 
 
^ 
 
 f 
 
 
 i 
 
 5 
 
 
 120 
 
 I 
 i 
 
 \m 
 
 commniiicants travelled long distmices in order to be i)resent. 
 The jn'oduetiOn of the tieket was a proof of worthiness to 
 be admitted to the rite. These tiekets are of many 
 descrii»ti(jns of form and size, and are made of eojiper, brass, 
 white metal, and evtm of silver. 
 
 Aceording t(j Mr. ]MeLachlan, the earliest known Canadian 
 tok(;n is that of Truro, Xova Scotia, formerly Cobequid. It 
 was at this spot the first organized Presljyterian ehurt-h was 
 estal)lished in British America. The earliest ^Montreal token 
 is dated 1803. It is fn^m the church organized bv the Rev. 
 John I^cthune in 1788, which met in tlie old IlecoUet 
 church in Xotre Dame street until 1792, when the first St. 
 vjrahriel church was l)uilt. The oldest known token of 
 Canada is that of 1794, in use by the Clengarry settlers."^ 
 
 It is a most agreeable duty to record the re-establishment 
 of the library of Toronto University, in a period so short as 
 to call for wonderment at its re-creation. It may be remem- 
 bered that only sixteen months have elai)sed since the 
 destruction of the whole l)uilding by fire, on the 14th of 
 February, 1890, M'hen the interior of the main building, 
 including the ('onvocation hall and lil)rary, was completely 
 gutted, the walls alone remaining standing. The library, 
 admirably selected, then contained about 33,000 volumes, 
 including manv valuable editions of the (ireek and Latin 
 classics, which the scholarship and the good taste of the 
 first i)resident, I)r. ]\IcCaul, had led him to coUecit. The 
 interior of the lil)rarv was particularly striking, all the 
 
 * The Scottish tokens have been cataloguetl by tlie Rev. Thomas 
 Burns, P.S.A., Edinburgh. The United States tokens by Mr. 
 Thomas Warner, Xew York. 
 
121 
 
 comi)artm('iits liaviii^f Ikh'U built of cai'vod oak, tlio Avliole of 
 excellent arehitectural elfect. The extvadnliiiaiy ener^'y 
 sliewn in the restoration of the bnildin^if, the walls having 
 remained g(nierally without injury, permitted the n.'com- 
 mencement of university work last (October, tlie students 
 accordin'4 to tlieir universitv vears returning to their 
 restored elass-roonis. In January of this year they entered 
 into full occu})ation of the new l)uilding. 
 
 The library is no longer within the main building; it has 
 been eonstruct<Ml ajiart, on the east side f>f the college lawn, 
 and every m(.idern expedient has been employed to mak(! 
 it proof against future similar destruction. It is being 
 carried (jut on the scale to receive 120,000 volunu^s, and the 
 design has l)een adopted with th(^ view of ])ermitting its 
 extension, Avhen, in future time, the wealth of the lil)rary 
 will fortunately exact it. 
 
 Great sorrow throughout the })rovince was felt at this 
 national loss, and immediate steps Avere tak<'n to mak(; it 
 good. Pr(jvincial and ])rivate subscriptions flowed into the 
 exchequer. In the mother country, the sym]>athy to(jk the 
 form of reconstructing the library. A })ublic committee was 
 formed, of which Lord Lome was elected chai man, and 
 great eil'orts were made to obtain (;ontril)Utions ; ]ire-eminent 
 among the donors were the (j)ueen, and Emperor of (Tcrmany. 
 
 The g(n'ernments of Kurope and that of the L'^nited 
 States generously aided in every way that was possible. The 
 Australian jirovinces practically shewed their syini)athy ; 
 while the universities of the mother country and of the 
 continent added valual)le contril^utions. In many cases, 
 renowned men of letters sent their books with their auto- 
 gra})h presentation. 
 
 The consiTpience has been that the university and the 
 lil)rary are attain esta])lished. A sij-'h mav now and then ])e 
 
f 
 
 1 00 
 
 fi 
 
 I i 
 
 ' .' 
 
 
 given to 111*' line old lihrarv hall liy tlioso -who kiicv.- it, hut 
 there is little fear that there will l)e Aveepini;- -when the 
 second temple shall he witnessed in its eonii)leteness. The 
 thouj^ht will he rather that of congratulation, that the 
 university is so ha]>j)ily entering u])on its new life, that 
 the restored huilding is a positive, existent, material fact, 
 and that the new lil)rary " flashes now a, phdMiix," to increase 
 in extent ami usefulness. 
 
 I have mentioned the I'are classical ('(litions wliich the 
 university formerly possessed. I am informed that a spec ial 
 fund is lieing raised to replace as far as ])ossil)le this aduiir- 
 ahle collection, including the works on archa-ology and the 
 nohle Volumes of the (ireek and J^atin authors, ont.'e the 
 pride of the lihrjiiy. The generation which was personally 
 cognizant of Dr. McC.'aul's fame as an epigrammatist /'rttvY^ 
 prini'cp^, will douhtless regard the intention as a special 
 appeal to aid in this integration. It will also lie an intima- 
 tion receive(l with great satisfaction hy those who do not 
 consider ('(lucatioii to consist merely of the three; K's, 
 '"reading, 'riting and 'rithmetic," that the valuahle privatt; 
 lihrary of the late iloctor lias heen presented to the unJNcrsity. 
 Those who knew and estimatetl his sound ami i'eliiie(l scholar 
 ship nnist oH'e)- their congratulations to tlie si'uate on this 
 actpiisition. liy all accounts, the lii)rary luiilding is in s(i 
 advauce(l a condition that it may jxssihly lie oecupied liy 
 the end of ('Ctolter. The numher of works at ]iresent on 
 the catalogue is al)out 25,000, consisting of 4:1,;")00 volumes. 
 
 * I am iiKlebted to the kindness of the president, Sir Daniel 
 Wilson, for the information contained in the text. Sir Daniel was 
 good enough to place in my liands revised proofs of a panipldet 
 which he is al»out pul)lislung, in acknowledgment of the consiilera- 
 tion and sympathy received l)y the University, in the hour of mis- 
 fortune. 
 
123 
 
 The li1)rary of (^Mu'ell'.s UniviTsity is linutcil in extent, 
 containin.i^f -0,000 volumes. Tlie Looks are well selecte(l ; 
 the iicconiinodation of the huildinL,' will admit doultlo the 
 iiumher. Last year the additions were; notewf)rthy, hein^ 
 (Juizot's "Collection des ^rcmoiros," and I'etitot's welhknown 
 collection, l.'H volumes. It is antici])ated that this hranch 
 of literature will shortly he increased li} Pert// " Monunienta 
 Tlistorica (lermanica,"' and Muratori's eolleetion of Italian 
 annals : Avith these additions the sources of information as 
 of mediiTpval history will h(^ as comi)lete as \vv, may look for 
 in ordinary circumstances. 
 
 The Tniversity has of lat(^ so enlar^'ed its operations in 
 the material ellort of addini^^ new l)uildin,u,'s, and of aj)|tointini^' 
 new professors to meet the increased numher of students, 
 that the annual exi)enditure for the lil)rary is somewhat 
 (iramped. The fact is well kii(»'A'n anion.u; the old .i-raduates, 
 and the feelin,i,f is very stron^^ that some (illbrt should he 
 made to estal)lish a lihrary fund. The amount of 850,000 
 has l)een named as a desirahle endowment. It would furnish 
 nearly .^3,000 a year, and this amount judiciously s})ent on 
 l)Ooks, would, in half a century, ell'ect great results. The 
 late ^Iv. Kol)ert Sutherland, (^f AValkerton, a jj;ra<luat(! of 
 the University, recently left the lil)rary his collection of 
 law hooks, and Mr. Alexander Moi'ris his collection of 
 works on Canadian history. Those whose circumstances 
 admit of sulistantially aiding the University in this respect, 
 whether graduates whose early life was passed within its 
 precincts, or men, wlutse connection with it is that of 
 sympiithy and appreciation, should hear in mind, how well 
 ai>})lied any heneticence in this direction on their part will l)e. 
 
 It is only within the last ten years that systematic eflbrts 
 
1'^ 
 
 ; W 
 
 I i 
 
 !:' 
 
 124 
 
 liavG l)(,'en made to widen the scope of tlie lil»rai'y of 
 Trinity Collej,'e. Until tliat date it had been limited chiefly 
 to the standard Avorks of the Church of Eiyland and of 
 jiatristic literature, with several volumes of well-K.iown non- 
 episcopal writers. The present provost introi .ucvd the 
 system of an annual ap})ropriation, wliidi is expended 
 generally on history and the other Ijranches of literature. 
 Theological Avorks, however, continue to ohtain the pre- 
 ference. Classics form one of the most striking features in 
 the lil)rary, consisting of 1,500 volumes, among wliich is 
 Valpy's edition of the Delphin classics [1819-1830]. The 
 suj)))orters of Trinity College cannot more wisely aid the 
 institution than by augmenting the library. 
 
 Trinity Collegfi dates from the 17th of March, 1851, when 
 the first sod was turned by IJishop Strachan. On the 
 secularization of the Xational University of King's College, 
 it was resolved to establish a Theological University for the 
 clergy of the Church of England, wliich at the same time 
 M'ould admit lay students. It obtained a royal charter, 
 dated the IGth of July, 1853. Its endowment was the result 
 of sul)Scriptions ol)tained in the mother country by Bishop 
 Strachan, and the money collected in Canada. The design 
 of ]\Ir. Kivas Tully having been aGce})ted, the corner stone 
 was laid by IJishop Strachan on the 30th of April, 1851, and 
 the first service was performed in the college chapel on the 
 15th of January, 1852, when the main Imilding was occupied 
 for the })urp i>s of the college.* 
 
 * On this occasion Bishop Strachan gave the following account 
 of tlie success of his mission in England. Speaking of his 
 application to obtain the means of endowment, he said: — "In 
 this the two great Church Societies and the University of Oxford 
 took the lead. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in 
 Foreign Parts voted two thousand pounds, payable by instalments 
 
 ; I 
 
125 
 
 The al)ove brief narrative will shew the ditHcuIties with 
 whieli the institution lias had to contend, and it furnishes 
 an exi»lanation, if tlie library is in some respects not per- 
 fectly equijiped. 
 
 The Legislative Library in Toronto has never been the 
 object of great favour on the part of the ineml>ers of the 
 house, consequently, it lias remained Avithin a somewhat 
 narrow limit. It contains possibly some 8,000 works, set 
 forth in the catalogue; lK)oks of value generally well selected. 
 It makes no i)reteiice to being more than a library of refer- 
 ence, and no s]>ecialty has been developed. Last year a new 
 catak»gue was issued, l)y which the character of the books 
 can l)e judged. It shews the weakness of the lil)rary in 
 many respects, and it may probably have the good eli'ect of 
 inducing members of the legislatures to put to themselves 
 the pertinent question, if the parliamentary liltrary of rich 
 and prf)sperous Ontario should be Avithout any of the classical 
 authors, or contain no books on its shelves in any other 
 language but that of English; and whether in the interest of 
 the members themselves, the library ought, or ought not to 
 be kept up to the horizon of modern thought in sociology, 
 
 of four hundred pounds per annum, and a donation of seven acres 
 and a half of land A\itbin the precincts of the City of Toronto 
 worth at least as much more. The Society for Promoting Christian 
 Knowledge granted three thousand, and the University of Oxford 
 five hundred pounds. The subscriptions from individuals through- 
 out England exceed four thousand pounds, in sums of tens, 
 twenties and fifties, up to £104, from Liverpool. One generous 
 benefactor deserves particular notice, Charles Hampden Turner, 
 Esf[uire, F.R.S., Rook's Xest Park, Surrey, who has given us the 
 princely gift of five hundred pounds." 
 
Wf 
 
 I 
 
 12G 
 
 i: 
 
 I 
 
 liistory iuid ]iiilitical ]>luln.soi)liy. Tliis view cannnt have 
 failed to in'csciit itself tn several ineinhei's of a Iiduso con- 
 taiiiiiiii; many educated men. The LeL,Mslature of ( )ntai'io is 
 not under the cnuditious of a university, stru,i;',L,din,tf to 
 increase its jirofessors, to extend its l)uildin,^s, and yearly to 
 olitain costly works of reference, not sinij)ly in lOiiglish, hut 
 in the I'Jii'o])('an continental lan,^MiaL!,es. Tli 
 
 ere IS no ])roi)er 
 
 l.roi» 
 
 <'X])enditure of this eharactei' which tlu; j)oi)idar vote of 
 Ontai'io will not fully justify. It Avould in my Judii;nient he 
 an accci»taMe j)olicy to i)lace the j)arlianH'ntavy library at 
 the staiulard which the di^u;nitv of the jtrovince su;j,;4'ests. 
 A few years' lil)eral a])])roi)riation would attain the hai)piest 
 result. The very atni()s])heve of a well sup})lied lihrary has 
 an elev;itin;j,' eilect on the minds of those Avho hreathc it. 
 One of its teachini's to anv man of sense is to 
 
 re 
 
 tleeti 
 
 on, liow niueli is 
 
 to 1 
 
 >e rea( 
 
 1 an<l 
 
 )ont 
 
 lereil 
 
 over, 
 
 su^'gest the 
 before 
 
 the hii^her duties of life can he, with the hest intentions, 
 wisely and elhciently performed. 
 
 
 
 ■i'l 
 
 The Pul)lie Library of Toronto is deserving of mention 
 iroui tlu! energy displayed in its establishment, and the 
 success which has attended its o^ieration. Its existence was 
 legalized by the Free-Library By-Law voted on the 1st of 
 January, 1883.* The Ijuilding in Chnrch Street formerly 
 nsed as the ]Mechanics' Institute Avas obtained, and enlarg(Ml 
 so as to aiford spa(!e for 150,000 volumes. The library 
 Avas formally opened on the 6th of March, 188-1, l)y the 
 Lieutenant-CJovernor, Hon. John Beverley Robinson. Branch 
 lil)raries were early established. There are now • four 
 
 * The Free Libraries Act was passed by the Ontario Legislature 
 in March, 1882. 
 
12: 
 
 such l)i'auche8, wlicM'c liodks fan Ix' filttaincfl, viz., !North, 
 at 8aiiit Paul's Hall; Kast, at IJoltnu Avenue; Wost, at 
 Dundas Sti'iiot ; and at Saint Andrew's market. The 
 jn-eseiit (MjUection consists of 7-"), 000 volumes, to which yeavly 
 additions are made : divided, iis a circulating; lilirarv of 
 42,000; and 33,000 as a reference lilirarv. The numher 
 of readers for last year Ava.s 31,500 ; 22,000 of whom 
 obtain(!d hooks from the contnd library. The total issue of 
 books this year is estimated at half a million. The institu- 
 tion is unusually rich in bo(.(ks beariiiL; upon the history of 
 the continent, es])ecially in all that relates to Canada, to 
 whieli branc'h "f study special attention is givo!\.'^ 
 
 It is also in jiossession of complete sets of the Societies' 
 publications, such as the Maitland Club, the Camden, the 
 S](iak(!speare, etc., etc. Several valuable MSS. have been 
 collected, especially the i)ai)eri? of Sir David \V. Smyth, the 
 first surveyor-general of Upptr Canada from 1794 to 1804. 
 They consist of twenty-four ]\IS. volumes, and contain co[)ies 
 of his reports, M'ith the letters addressed to him by (rovermir 
 Sinicoe and the leading men of that date. They include 
 the original applications for land grants from the U.K. 
 Loyalists ; the origiiv^l plans of toM-ns and villages, minutes 
 of the commissioners, with several hundred ^u 'vatc letters. 
 So valuable is this collection that it is a mr„tti r of wonder 
 that it escaped the unceasing vigilance of the Bruish ^Ntuseum 
 librarians. 
 
 Our owai government is unfortunately indifl'erent regarding 
 such acquisitions, for any surprise to Ije expressed that it 
 passed unnoticed in Ottawa. With proper representation 
 the House of ComuKms is most liberal in such votes. The 
 
 * On this matter I can speak with confidence. Through tlie con- 
 siderate kindness of the librarian, Mr. Bain, I luive oljtained access 
 to books which I could find nowhere else. 
 
I2« 
 
 I' 
 
 J I 
 
 ii 
 
 i 
 
 ' 'iSt 
 
 li 
 
 Mini.-tfr has only to lU'k to ohtiiiii a fair grant fur any 
 legitimate jiiirpose. Let us Iiojk' that llie teaching of this 
 ov(!nt will not Ite lo.st. ^Ve may, howi-ver, feel grateful that 
 these valuaMe papers are a permanent ac<iuisition of the. 
 eonntry. riMh-i' the ailmirahle management of thr Toronto 
 Library they aie aecessihh' to the fullest extent. Such 
 (locunuMits, however, are national, ami sJiouM he pusses-sed 
 liV the Archive hramli, ami ineludetl in its system. < )ii such 
 
 -pec; 
 
 history 
 
 lal occasions when ori<n 
 
 nal 
 
 jiapers iiearuig upon the 
 
 th 
 
 if the ctiuntrv an; ollered for salr, tlii' goNciinuent 
 
 11 
 
 should rise to the 'eight of tin' occasion, and olit.ijn a 
 valuahle documents of the class, and not he afraid to pay for 
 them what is fair and reasonahle. For Avhere ihcre is any 
 iiaggliug with regard to tlie nutney, those wlio act with 
 liherality gain jxissesrsion of the prize, and the jiapers are lost 
 l>y those who should [lossess them. 
 
 The existence of the present lil)rary in TotouIm is one of 
 the highest honours which the city jiossesses : the number 
 of readers shows the good us(> to which it is put. The issue 
 of l)ooks increases at the rate of ten }ier cent annually, and, 
 
 w 
 
 hat 
 
 IS a 
 
 healtl 
 
 ly syuij 
 
 ttom, the (lemand of wwx 
 
 e wor 
 
 fiction "steadily decrease> 
 
 Th 
 
 Uhrarv authoiiti 
 
 ks of 
 
 liave. 
 
 l)een at some [tains systematically to determine the fact. 1 
 owe it t(,i their iu'histi'v* to ln^ al)le to state that 
 
 in 
 
 1888 
 
 the pro[»ortinn of Avorks of liction issue I for home reading 
 amounted to <'3G.5 ^>( the ■wjiole : in 1891, it was reduce(l t(j 
 
 ;)•>. 
 
 cent 
 
 T 
 
 ikiiiL;' into consit 
 
 lerat 
 
 ion the miscellaneous 
 
 character of the 'la-ss of readers gathered from tlie I'utire 
 popiilalK'ii of tlu' city, this jtroportion may he cMnsidcrcd in 
 every way encouraging. The whole ho])e of tlie futun^ of 
 
 Call; 
 
 ula lie 
 
 n the sound, srther sense of the coiiiiiiuuitv, hy 
 
 * [Report 1S91.] 
 
129 
 
 wliidi (p|tiiii(»ii is iiitliK'in't'd. It is l>y n'jKliM;^ jiiid th()Uj,'ht 
 that nini df tliis «'liiu';u'tcr arc iiiuu1(1<m1. I»y slow flcj^'rccs 
 only tli(> class can lie incrcast'd ; Imt when the l)(>f,'iiiiiiii<,' 
 is once Tiiadc, the l('aclun<^ iK'iiotratcs into strata, whoro its 
 influoncf with many is nnlookcd for. Wo have passed the 
 Hrst sta<,'(' in T(»ronto, and tlicro is ground for liopo that the 
 fnturo will lirin;^' fortli fair fruit. 
 
 Witli regard to the library itself, it has already gained a 
 (h'servedly high reputation. In half a century it will he one 
 of the foremost institutions of the continent. Its inanage- 
 ment is tuiimjieachahle. 
 
 In 18(S,'), the library received fnmi alderman elohn Hallani 
 the haiulsojue gift of two thousand volumes, of which a 
 special catalogue has hecii published.* 
 
 The library of the Law Society of Ontario is to be found 
 in Osgoode Hall, the seat of the principal law courts and 
 chambers of the judges. Tlie society was incorporated in 
 1822 : the present building com])leted in 18(50. The library 
 is established in a well ]troportiom'd chamber, of much 
 
 * I am indebted to Senator Alnion for the perusal of a brochure 
 to which I can, with propriety, alhulc in these pages. "The 
 Charter and By-laws of the New York Society Library with a 
 catalogue of the books l)elonging to tlic said library. New York. 
 Printed hy H. (Jaine, Printer, Bookseller and Stationer, at *)ie 
 Bible and Crown in Hanover Square, 1773." 
 
 The Society was established by Royal Charter dated the 0th of 
 November, 1772, under the last royal governor William Tryon. 
 Tlie catalogue records 477 works, all of them English. Some 
 translations of the classics and of French standard works are in the 
 list, l)ut no work in those languages. This hrochnre is one of the 
 inany rare books collected by Dr. Alnmn in connection with the 
 liistory of the continent, of which he has been a diligent student, 
 i 
 
 r- 
 
1. 
 
 130 
 
 ijr' 
 
 ;' i 
 
 \\ f 
 
 i 
 
 i. : 
 
 [ 1^; 
 
 \" 
 
 At-, 
 '* t ' 
 
 i 
 
 architpctiiml pretension ; from the airiness of tlie sitiuition 
 und tlie sulxlued re-eclm of Die street noise, owin^' to the, 
 (listiinee, from it, the place is well adapted for study and 
 literary examination. > 
 
 Ah can he well imagined, tlie prinei]»al feature is, that it 
 is a law lil>rarv ;*it eontaiuj^ about 25,000 vc-lumes, and is 
 fairly complete in Knglish, Canadian, and I'nited Statiis 
 statutes, treatises, legal reports, and modern periodicals; it 
 may, indeed, claim to inchide, the reports of every state and 
 territory of tlu? United States. There has heen the con- 
 tinuous ell'ort to possess every woik in our language of 
 ])ra<ti''al henefit to the profession, all new editions of import- 
 ance i)eing ohtained on their appearance. The statutes of 
 Kngland, from the great charter to modern times, are 
 unusually complete. 
 
 The political literature is re*|>resented hy the parliamentary 
 jourJials and Hansards of the mother country, and of the 
 sev(>ral ]»rovinces, with thos(> of the dominion. There are 
 excollent editions of the Greek and Latin classics, with frofu 
 2,000 to 3,000 volumes of general liistorical literature, 
 reference dictionaries, biographies, et id genus. What is not 
 a common accpiisition is a complete series of the Times from 
 1805 to 1870. ()ne feels a shade of regi'et that it has not 
 been continued; the possession of so rare a series suggests 
 that it would be wise to resume and com})lete the collection. 
 
 ]\Iany curious law books are on the shelves for ref(?rence. 
 The original folio editions of the old English reports, dating 
 back to the black letter of the seventeenth century ; the 
 Statutes of the Realm, issued >)y th(; Record Commissioners, 
 1235-1704, twelve folio volumes [1810-1828]; the folio 
 V(»lumes of " Cami)beirs ^IS. Reports,'' containing the? cases 
 decided l)y tlie judges of the King's Bencli [1823-1827] the 
 first recorded de<.:isiou3 of the province ; what are known us 
 
 
131 
 
 "Taylor's printed n'iK»rts ;" with all inodcrn reports. Tliero 
 is likewise a presentation <'opy of the (Queen's printed works 
 with her Majesty's anto^'ruj)li. 
 
 The animal increase is 1,200 volumes, the cost of main- 
 tenance fallinj,' upon the Law Society of Ontario. 
 
 Then? is much consideration shewn in the rej^ndations 
 re^'ardin^f the l)ooks ; indeed, the managenuMit leaves little 
 to he desired. The lihi'ary is open from 9 to 5, j'xcept in 
 vacation, when the hours are from 10 in .3 ; every week- 
 day, admission can he obtained from 7.30 to 10 p.m., when 
 any [lerson of respe(;tal)ility is admitted with the privilege of 
 study. 
 
 Tlmre are three well exe(;uted life-si/e portraits hy the 
 late Mr. Herthon on the walls: viz., of the late Chancellor 
 Hlake, and t'lie two late Chief-.Justices, Sir dohn Beverley 
 Kohinson and Sir ,James li. Macaulay.* 
 
 I am generally indehted to the courtesy of the present 
 liljrarian, Mi-. ^\^ (Ico. Eakins, for heing ahle to give the 
 ahove informaticjn. 
 
 I have endeavoured in these pages to plac(? on rc^cord 
 much which, I huml)ly conceive, should not he allowed to 
 pass out t)f notice, and which 1 trust will not l)e without its 
 usefulness. 1 do not pretend that the enumeration in any 
 one class is perfect; hut 1 may say, that tlu; facts open to 
 investigation have heen diligently examiiu'd. No unim- 
 j)ortant stage' in any generalization is attained, when it can 
 he estahlished thi'.t error exists, for it is the iirst step towards 
 its rectification. The volume, at least, is an attempt to 
 
 * I have been informed that some of the friends of the late Mr. 
 Hillyarcl Cameron have consiileied the advisability of obtaining a 
 well executed portrait of this distinguished jurist and amiable man. 
 
ilt 
 
 i, 
 
 132 
 
 place in accessiljlc form all that is known of the snliject of 
 which it treats ; so that tlie student may have a startinj,'- 
 point in his research, and the collector he aided in his 
 attempt to bring together the volumes which l)ear upon the 
 early history of the JJominion. 
 
 in the degree that the p<ilitical literature of a country is 
 studicul, and its teaching wis(;ly ap[)lied, the institutions 
 under which men live become more adapted to human 
 wants. Every one, however limited his education, desires a 
 })ur J stem of law and Justice, administered l)y capa])le and 
 honourable men. Likewise;, as a theory, every individual 
 recognizes tlu; necessity of our rei»resentativ(! institutions 
 being worked out with integrity and wisdom. The attain- 
 ment of this resiult li(;s in the pu])lic virtue; and patriotism of 
 constituencies. 80 long as corruption is rampant in the 
 ranks of voters, they will be rei)resented by men who regard 
 cunning as ability, trick as polic}', impudence of assertion as 
 force of argument. We have a painful expenc ce of what 
 majorities can, and do vote. Men, honourable in their 
 private relations, justify in parliament a line of conduct 
 repugnant to the national conscience, which, in their home 
 intercourse between man and man, they would scout as 
 basely dishonourable. Party spirit has degeneratetl into the 
 doctrine that everything is fair in politics, the one <luty 
 being to accept the policy which the exigencies of a ministry 
 may determine, whatever the meanness of spirit by which it 
 is characterized. Some dozen men of ability and force of 
 character in the house of commons, Avith the inde[)endence 
 of thought, not to be dragged down to sustain what is wrong 
 and des[)icable because the caucus so determined, "the 
 defcn'mity of fraud ill-disguis(Hl," would go far to purify our 
 political condition, and redeem it from the cancer which is 
 destroying all that is honourable and good in public life. I& 
 
 I! 
 
13:^ 
 
 his 
 
 the 
 Y our 
 li is 
 
 is ill this direction we liave to look for better clays. Tlie 
 presence of a few sufh men in i)arlianient who will ably and 
 fairly discnss a measure proposed, and conscientiously sus- 
 tain or reject it, would, in no long time, work wonders, for it 
 W(juld ludp to form and educate public opinion. It is to 
 bring into prominence such men that the elloi-t sliould be 
 continuous to displace the unscrupulous })artizan, and the 
 uneducated charlatan. 
 
 Constituencies uninfluenced by corru[)tion cannot fail to 
 be represented in each case by an honourable man, not by 
 the apostle of dishonest exi)ediency. Tlu; lloratian maxim, 
 ^^ Furfes creantiir fortihns et honis" is as politically true of a 
 Community as when Horace asked that the youth of Rome 
 should by strict discipline be taught virtue and patriotism.* 
 
 It would be a fortunate day for Canada if wi; could banisji 
 to limbo, as Milton describes it, the paradise of fools, the politi- 
 cal leader, successful only by his sul)terfuge and purchased 
 support : the individual, profuse in his professions, unscru- 
 -pulous in his preservation of power, poltroon-like secretly 
 striking all whose opposition he dreads, retaining at his bid- 
 ding an expectant crowd ready by servile meanness to gain 
 advancement. We only owe it to constituencies, when this 
 repellent personage comes into prominence. In order to 
 avoid this national misfortune, the first condition is, that the 
 voter be guided to a proper sense of his elective duty ; and 
 
 * Dototriiia sed \'iin proinovet insitaiii, 
 Recte(iue cultus peotora roborant ; 
 
 Utcumque defecere mores, 
 Indecorant bene nata culpae. 
 
 Odes, iv., 4. 
 
 Honest men are jiroJiiced by tlie honest anil yooil. 
 
 Uiit j;ood teaching improves the natural force of oliaracter, and the culture of 
 what is right gives strength to the heart ; wherever .nwiality is wanting vice 
 degrades endowments in themselves excellent. 
 
If' i f 
 
 I sit' • 
 
 '# ; i 
 
 I' 
 
 :;4 
 
 before. WO suecood in inculciitiM;^^ a puver political philosopliy, 
 we must break some of tlu! ima<^es of clay wliicli have becMi 
 set up for our W(»rsliip. AV(! must also cliase away the false 
 theories of ability too "generally ac('e])te(l, and cease toren;;ii'(l 
 as projier for imitation, that which is inherently vicious, 
 Wv nnist be<,fin to teach, in the impressionable years of 
 youth, the jtenalty inllicted on the (yomnionwealth by the 
 abandonment of good principh's. if the lessons of history 
 have any woi'th, they shew, that however ^reat a Icmporary 
 success may be, thei'c is a hereafter, which places at its ri^ht 
 estimate every dej»arture from honesty, and that the powei' 
 achieved liy fraud, has no permanency of place for good in 
 the nation's memory. 
 
 The I'ccoi'ds (^f the ))ast are worthy of continued study, 
 from the teaching which they give to shape the present, by 
 
 shewinu' that in the lonu; race of life, the 
 
 W( 
 
 11-1 
 
 )eini 
 
 o 
 
 comnuniity lies in the observance of uhat is right. As with 
 individuals it is with masses of men. Passi((nate wrong, and 
 injustice, work back their ell'ect on those who commit them. 
 Success foully gained, retains the taint of tlie corrui»tion 
 whence it is generated. As history ap[>eals to us, it extends 
 the Wi vning to constituencies, that if they and their children's 
 children are to be j>ros})erous and hapi»y, they must act in 
 
 d 
 
 U'conlance wi 
 
 th tl 
 
 le responsi 
 
 ibiliti 
 
 ■hicl 
 
 les wnicn accompany tne 
 
 th 
 
 l»rivileges they ]>ossess ; that jiei'sonally in each individual 
 case they sustain the ]>rincii»les by which nations prosjier 
 and become great, and that failure in the i)erformance of this 
 disaster and ruin. This is the truth w<^ learn 
 
 n-mus 
 
 duty I 
 
 from the eai'liest ri'cord of traditional history, and it furnishes 
 one of the many urgent reasons, why its sources should be 
 earnestly sought out, and their truth established. 
 
 THE END. 
 
ADDEXnrM. 
 
 The following publirntioii lias (<• ])v iiic.lu«lc<l in tjio oarly 
 printed liooks^cf Ontario, dpscrilird ])p. 27-42 : 
 
 "TIh! I Constitntion | of the | liil.].. | and Common Prayer 
 Book j Society j of IIppci' Canada | cstalilisiicd in the town 
 of York I on the ;h'd day of I)('(Tnd)er IS] 6 | with an 
 ixhh-ess j and a. list of the | snltscribers and contrilnitors | 
 York I Printed by R. C. llorno 18 16." IGpj). 
 
nmmmmm 
 
 
 i. 
 
 
 ; 
 
 r 
 
 ^ '! 
 
 1 
 
 L 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Address to Ilcge mcn.&c. [1S221 28 
 
 Alexander the Great, life of [reprint] 
 
 L1S31]...: -.. 42 
 
 Alexander, J. E. [afterwards Sir 
 
 James [1833] S4 
 
 Alexander, J. L. [1823] 30 
 
 Almanac, first 17 
 
 Anicrieaii Revolution; Hlstorj' scrip- 
 ture stjle [1823] 61 
 
 Amos, A. [1S20] 65 
 
 Anbury, Thomas [1789] 44 
 
 Anderson, David [1814] 56 
 
 Archive Branch, Ottawa, 21 ; its influ- 
 ence on historical writing, 23; better 
 
 building reiiuired 27 
 
 Artewedson, C. D. [18»l] 88 
 
 Baekwoods-man, A [1833] 87 
 
 Bain, James, Mr., Toronto Library: 
 his efforts to obtain early printed 
 books Ontario, 7 ; an authority with 
 regard to printing first Journals, 13; 
 the assistance rendered by Idm.l'X), 111 
 
 Bannister, John William [1821] 68 
 
 Bell, Rev. \Vm. [1824].... 70 
 
 Bennett's Almanac [1802] 2() 
 
 Bcthuue, Bishop [1829] :«i 
 
 Bettrltlge, W. [1838] 96 
 
 Blot, J. Baptlste 25 
 
 Blaney, Captain [1824] Ti 
 
 Bossange, Gustave [1821] 63 
 
 Bouchette, Col. Joseph [1815-1881].... .58 
 
 Boulton , D'Aroy [1805]. .52 
 
 Boulton, Henry John [1826] 73 
 
 Bouquet papers 2.> 
 
 Brymner, Dr., archivist, C ; reports, 22; 
 
 assistance rendered by him 100, lU 
 
 Buchanan, A. Cr 1828] 75 
 
 Buller, Charles [1840] 99 
 
 Byron, Gait's life of [reprint] [1832].. 42 
 
 Canadas, The, as they now are [1833]. 81 
 
 Canadian, A [1830] 77 
 
 Canadian Review [1824-6] 29 
 
 Canadian's right same as English- 
 man's [reprint] [1823] 41 
 
 Campbell, P. [1793] -15 
 
 Cai'tvvriglit, George, Labrador [179'.'1 41 
 Casault, Mr., Custodian of Coins, 
 
 Library, Ottawa 116 
 
 Cattermolo. WllUa-.i [1831] 78 
 
 Cauchon, Hon. J., moves amendment 
 
 to address, 1854, 105; as Speaker 
 
 gives ball new building library 107 
 
 Celtic Society U.C. [1837J 3^ 
 
 Changes of seat of f^overnment [1850- 
 
 1866] 102 
 
 Chancery Court of U.C. established !f5n. 
 
 Cliappell, Edward, Lk'Ut. [1817] 59 
 
 Chastellux. Marq\ds(le[n8.SJ.... 48 
 
 Chauveau, late Sheriff 5 
 
 Chlsholni' , David 36 
 
 Christie, Dr. A.J 29 
 
 Christie, Mr. A. J., Ottawa... 29 
 
 Citizen,^ of Edinburgh [1835] 69 
 
 Claims of the Churchwardens and 
 
 Dissenters of U .C. [1828] ,',3 
 
 Clarke, Sir Alured, Lleut.-Goveruor 
 
 Quebec. 9 
 
 Coke, Lieut. E. T. [1S:«] S6 
 
 Collins, Fruneis, Allen Question [1826] 30 
 
 Communion Tokens, Canadian 119 
 
 Cornier, Jo.seph [1831] 78 
 
 Conder Tokens 117 
 
 Cooper, Thomas[179lJ 45, 
 
 Con.-'titution of the Canadas [1833].. . . 37' 
 Cox, Ross [l»31j 78 
 
 Dalnvllle, D. [1821] 65 
 
 Dalton, Wm. [1821] 67 
 
 Davis, Stepiieii [1833] S3 
 
 De Celles, Mr 5 
 
 De Foe, true born Englishman [re- 
 print] [1823] 41 
 
 De Roos, Lieut. R. N. [1827] 74 
 
 De Wette, L. [1838] 96 
 
 Desnuusures, Rev., Saint Sulpician. .. 5 
 Dorchester, Lord, Governor-General 
 
 [1791] 8 
 
 Douglas, John [1819] 61 
 
 Doyle, Martin [1831] 78 
 

 
 
 138 
 
 !l 
 
 iff 
 
 -I ■■ • 
 
 I! 
 
 Diincnn, .lolin M. [l*^;?! m 
 
 I)iiii1m|.. Dr. f"ThoTI«cr"]riS:i;i) 87 
 
 Kanlli'v-Wlliiiot, Ji)tii) flSI5] 57 
 
 Kl^rln. 1.1)1(1, prorogiifH I'arllniiient, 
 
 ISM 105 
 
 Kiit^Ush f:irnu'r[IS',.X)] tU 
 
 Kvans l<Yaiicl«» A. [ISIW] 8^ 
 
 Kx-Srltli.T (IS:io].. 89 
 
 KerKiiHson, Adam ris341 87 
 
 l'lrc,v:)ili April, ism, loss to provlncc.lOl 
 
 Fhllcr, Kcv. Isaao ^IN.^i]. sn 
 
 I'Inim. r. (IH^'SJ 75 
 
 I'liiii, Ilcnr.v J. [1S21J 66 
 
 FiiH-h, J. [1*!;)) a- 
 
 Fdfni <if I'raycr flSU] 27 
 
 KiitliciKllI, Mr., his ftliiianackB, 20; 
 
 (ll.>;iiilsHal us cjuccn's printer, 20; 
 
 skctL'li present state of Canuila 
 
 [1.S22J 29 
 
 Kr.'iii<ln5n'. Oaliflel [1820] 02 
 
 Freanm,!!. h. [ISlHJj fi) 
 
 French iet,'iiiic. CoIiiiiKi' (InrliiK . 118n. 
 Fuller. 'I'lioiiius, arclilieet exterior of 
 
 library 1U7 
 
 (i.iRiion, I'., Mr., Saint IJueh, Quebec, 
 
 furnishes names printed booka 7 
 
 (iiiiirliiy. .lolin Flemlm.', uceonnt, &e.. 
 [H-2|, lln.; p;mi|ihlel |I«1S|, 28; 
 Tiiunshiiis, Hope and Hamilton 
 [isis),;'s, statistical iiecount 11822].. 67 
 
 (ioiirl!i.v,\\ iiliiimLlsay]... 82 
 
 tiovernors' portraits, their value and 
 
 aiithentleiiy 6 
 
 Cowan, ORle R. [1h:!0] ;i(i 
 
 I. ray. litiirh |lsi l] 5:5 
 
 (iieee, fharKs Frederick 11819] 61 
 
 Ualdlniaiidpai)ers 23 
 
 Hall,("iiplalu Hasil 11S2!I] 77 
 
 Hall, Francis. Llont. [IMS] 59 
 
 Hallowcil [now I'leionl 37 
 
 Hiuiii'ton, town ol' 16 
 
 lliirnioii. Daniel Williams [1820] 63 
 
 Hart, Mrs., Frederieton a) 
 
 Hawiey, Sheldon, vs. Ooorgo Hand 
 
 tisac] ;w 
 
 Head, Sir Francis llond |18;5!)].. ;)7 
 
 Head. Sir (ieorgo fls:isj i)4 
 
 Henry, Alexander [1809] fjS 
 
 Heriot, Ceorgt? [lSO;j 52 
 
 mil. S. .s. [1S37J 92 
 
 Ffodnson, Adam [l'^2l] 7i 
 
 Hope and Handlton, Townnhlps, 
 
 iiieetlllK [1818] '-28 
 
 H(,wlR((n. John [IS:>1] 66 
 
 Hume, (ieorKt! Henry [18)«] 79 
 
 Hunt, (illbort J. [I8i;»l 61 
 
 Hunter, I'cter, Oovernor, no portrait 
 
 known fl 
 
 Inches, James [18;}fi] 91 
 
 Indian Lands obtained by purchase. 43 
 items In life of an usher [1S55] 39 
 
 Jackson, John Mllls[180!)] 53 
 
 Jameson, Mrs. [1838] 94 
 
 Jarvls, S. K[1828] 32 
 
 Johnston. Thomas [1827] 74 
 
 Journals House of Assembly, first 
 
 known [)rlnted volume, ISOl, 12; 
 
 (heir uiLsatistactory condition, 13; 
 
 should be jeprinted 15 
 
 Kind's College, York, charter ol[1828] 35 
 Kingston, civic rule, rellectlons on 
 [1827] 33 
 
 I.iike Frie, boundniy line y. 48 
 
 Lambert, John |1S1()] 54 
 
 Lamond, Robert [1821] 67 
 
 La R(ichefaiic:iult-Lliincour |17'JS].... 49 
 
 Late Rcsld. 'lit LI«3:!] 81 
 
 Latrob(>, ("iiirles Josejih [is;!,'] 89 
 
 Legislature, llrst, of I'pper Canada 
 
 [1792] 9 
 
 Leglsl!i»lve Library, Ontario 125 
 
 Leroiix. In*., Voliinie Caintdlan coin- 
 age 117 
 
 Library, Ottawa, losses, fire 1st Feb., 
 is-,4,10i; new building, 107; addi- 
 tional sjiace re(iuired, 107: tempo- 
 rary expedient suggested, lii9; de- 
 scription of volumes, 1 10-11" ; Injury 
 to books, 113; catalogue, 114 ; collec- 
 tion of coins 116 
 
 Llndsey, C, Toronto 33 
 
 Logan, James [18;58] 95 
 
 Lower Canada. watohman.Tlie [182',)] 35 
 Lome, Lord, obtained honour for Dr. 
 Totlil. II ; chairman comndtlcf.' con- 
 t ri bullous T( iront(j Un i versl ty 121 
 
 Mackenzie, Sir Alexander 
 Mackenzie, K.[iSl'.t] 
 
 risoi 
 
 .... 51 
 .... 62 
 
i;j9 
 
 Maokeiizli', William I<yon, Alinn- 
 imcks Jii; Destruction <.'<ili)nlal 
 Ailvocatt' [t8:i7], iJl ; StiittMnciit pre- 
 tondcil Hunk of I'liper Ciinuda, 
 Kliinstdti [IH'.'T], '.VI; Legislative 
 Hliick 1i.Hi, i;i>i)pr ( uiiada tlSA't] 3a ; 
 
 Sketches ( if Caiiuda [183;!] 8-1 
 
 Blac'taKKart, .IohnllH291 7ii 
 
 Magriith.T. W. ll'^.T] 8»! 
 
 Maltlund, sir l'er(Krl»e; Ills trcat- 
 iiicnr of Uourluy (i8; "a friend to 
 
 rellKlon" Til 
 
 Maltland, the lady Sarah 71 
 
 Mahomed, life of [ro|irlnt][l8;n] 42 
 
 Mellsh, J. [ISM] 56 
 
 Molosworth. Sir William \\im] 05 
 
 Montreal riot, lOth April, [m\>] 101 
 
 Morsfan, Lt. .1. C. [IS^l] 72 
 
 Morris, Alexander, LeKaey toQueenfi.123 
 Mowat, Sir Oliver, obtains votes for 
 jioriniltH, 7; his sympathy with 
 literature, 14; his aeceptuiico of 
 
 knighthood considered 14n. 
 
 Mtidio, Hol)ert[lT:iy) 71) 
 
 Murray, Ilujth liH'i))... 76 
 
 McCaul, Dr. his s(diolarshlp 120 
 
 McDonald, John [lHy*v'l (18 
 
 M'CroKOr, John \\'-:fi] 81 
 
 McLacdiian, K. W., Mr., Work on 
 Comni union Tokens 1 19 
 
 Natural I/at Ion IMll | IS27] 31 
 
 Nelson, Itfo of, hy Southey [reprint]. 42 
 N'lelson, .1 oseph | ISJiTJ 37 
 
 Ogden, J. C. [171)7] 50 
 
 Orthoepy, Maniiiil of, [1801]... 3<i 
 
 OsKoode Hall, Toronto Library 129 
 
 Ottawa, tlrst parliament held Sth 
 June, 18C() 106 
 
 Palmer, John [1SI8] 60 
 
 Pamphlets, their value 26n, 
 
 Parliamentary practice, manual of 
 
 [lS:iS] 35 
 
 I'arllamcntary Library [see library]. 107 
 
 Picken, Andrew [1832] 80 
 
 Pickering, Joseph [1832] 80 
 
 Plcton, t,r)wn of 37 
 
 Portraits, ),'ovemors of Ontario (! 
 
 Preston, T. li [1S40] 09 
 
 l'rlnc(! Pe)?ent, pamphlet, lands &c. 
 
 [1818] 28 
 
 Protestant dissenters, address to 
 
 [1828] 33 
 
 Qiiehec house (.f Assembly lire, 1st 
 February, 18M. 103 ; tire, :«lth May. 
 18.M, 105; last session held 3oth 
 
 June, 1886 103 
 
 Quebec, province of, literary history 
 
 5;dIvlslonof . . 9 
 
 tjneeii's picture saved, flro Montreal. 101 
 (^ieen'8 Unlverplty, Kingston Li- 
 brary ]Zi 
 
 Queenston, alTaIr of 1812 [1.8.36] <X) 
 
 Qiiinte, bay of 46 
 
 Read, Mr. David, lives of the Justices 34 
 Ueli^'ious discourses, by the author 
 
 of Waverley [1S2^] ;« 
 
 Uoblnson, Sir John BeverUiv, speech 
 
 conferring' civil rlKhta [I82r.], ;«); 
 
 [1821], 71 ; letter to GeorKe HlUlcr 
 
 [1828] as 
 
 Uoblnson, Hon. Beverley, collected 
 l)ortralts of Kovernors, 6 ; o|pened 
 
 Toronto public I ibrary 126 
 
 Robinson, Colonel Charles 6 
 
 Uolph, Thomas Dr. [1836] 91 
 
 RoKler, E, [IS:!',)] 97 
 
 Roy, Louis, jirinter 11 
 
 Ryerson, Rovd. Kwerton, [1828] 33 
 
 Rycrson, Revd. Kgerton, [1837] 92 
 
 Sallesde la TerrlJ;re[ 18.30] 77 
 
 Sandham, Alfied, author first book 
 
 Canadian Coins [ISOD] 117 
 
 Samson, Jo.-ieph [1817] 58 
 
 Schlosser's letters [1772-1793] 113 
 
 Scott, Mr. Thonuis S., architect Inte- 
 rior of library 107 
 
 Selkirk. Thoma.s, earl of [I8I8] fJO 
 
 Sermon and Catechism for children 
 
 [1822] '..., 29 
 
 Sewell, Hon. Jonathan [181 1] ,56 ; [1824] 71 
 
 SherllT, Patrick [ISJii] 89 
 
 Slcotte, Hon. L. V. (Jud^e) 105 
 
 SlUlman, Renjamin [1820].. 62 
 
 Simcoe, J<;hn Grave>, Lt.-Oov. Upper 
 Canada, arrives at (Quebec, 9 ; i)ro- 
 clamatlon division province, 9; tlrst 
 speech [17!)2], '.) ; iii(|ulry as to printed 
 copy, 10; his relations with the 
 
 due de Rochefoucault 49 
 
 Sliucoc, Mrs., wife of above, her ad- 
 
 irdrable character 49 
 
 Sis years In the bush [1838] 95 
 
 Smart, C. [1821]. _. 06 
 
 Smith, M., geographical view [1813].. 54 
 
III 
 
 ..r 
 
 
 :}|i 
 
 ;■: !i 
 
 I 
 
 I: 
 
 1 
 
 Smyth, Sir D. W. [ITtW : IRin], M ; hla 
 papers lu possession of Torunto 
 
 Ltbrary 127 
 
 Society promoting ChrlBtlan Know- 
 ledge Unport IIH-^] :tJ 
 
 Sockett, T. 11S33] 83 
 
 SourceH of Inf oriimtlon 100 
 
 Stansliury, P. [IWZ] 07 
 
 Stato papers In Archives 84 
 
 Statutes printed at early date, IS; 
 
 genttral account of 10 
 
 Straehan, I.11S2()1 M 
 
 Straehan.Hlrtliop [1824], 73; his efforts 
 
 on behalf Trinity V nlverslty 124 
 
 Stuart, Archdeacon Oeorge, OklU 
 
 Sermon [1827J - 31 
 
 Stuurt, C. [isao]. 63 
 
 Sussex finilKrants, letters from [1833] 84 
 Sutherland.Uobert, legacy to Queen's 
 
 library 123 
 
 Sylvaln.Mr 100 
 
 St. Lawrence River, jnode of Travel 
 
 [1796] - 51-70 
 
 St. Ursula's Convent [1824] 29 
 
 Talbot, Edward Allen [1823] 72 
 
 Thanks, ofllclal, donations to library.106 
 Thompson. David, hitherto supposed 
 first book, 7 ; History of late War 
 
 [1832] 37 
 
 Thomson, John Lewis [1818] 59 
 
 Tiffany's Almanac [1802] 18 
 
 Tobacco, directions for raising [1828] 35 
 Todd, Alpheus, Dr., Practice and 
 Privileges of Parliament [1840], 39 ; 
 subseQuent works, 40; Injustice 
 experienced on publication, parlia- 
 mentary government in Colonies.. 40 
 
 uo 
 
 Todd, .ii'nry Cook, Notes upon 
 Canada and (ho United HtatCH [1840] 88 
 
 Tokens: KntiUsh, 117; Canadian 1^7 
 
 Toronto, nilack of, 27th April, 1813. ...75 
 Toronto Public Library, 126 ; its Inllu- 
 
 ence 128 
 
 Toront<j University Library, 120 j 
 
 present condition 123 
 
 Trail, Mrs. [I83f.] gg 
 
 Trinity Unlverslty.Toronto, Library. 124 
 TuUy, Ktvas, Mr., architect 124 
 
 Upper Canada Gazette n 
 
 Upper Canada, 1794, description of, 
 [1795] 4fl 
 
 Vaux, Charles Grant, Vlcomte de 
 
 [1794] 45 
 
 Verreault, I'Abb^, 5 ; archive report. 32 
 
 Wakefield, E. Gibbon [1887] 93 
 
 Wandering Uhymer, The [1820] 31 
 
 Weld. Isaac, Travels [1799] 51 
 
 Wells, William Benjamin [1837] 98 
 
 Weston, Richard [18.S6] 90 » 
 
 Williams, William 1182:5] 29 
 
 Willis, Mr. Justice, dispute with gov- 
 ernment [1827] SS 
 
 Wilson, Sir Daniel 122n. 
 
 Wilson, n. [1823] to 
 
 York, Upper Canada, Bible Society 
 
 [1828] 36 
 
 Young, Geo. R. [1834] 88 
 
 Zay, Hlstoire Mon^talre des Colonies 
 Frangalses 118n, 
 
 s 
 
 I 
 
 
 u 
 
*40]88 
 
 ....U7 
 
 )....75 
 
 ttii- 
 
 ....128 
 
 120; 
 
 ....122 
 
 .... 92 
 
 ry.VM 
 
 ....124 
 
 .... 11 
 of, 
 .... 46 
 
 do 
 
 ....48 
 )rt. 22 
 
 .... 98 
 .... 31 
 .... 51 
 .... 93 
 .... 90 » 
 .... 29 
 jtov- 
 .... 33 
 ..122n. 
 
 lety 
 
 36 
 
 nles 
 ...118n.