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 iNfSPCCTOR OF PUBLIC dCHQQLS. 
 SOUTH GREY. 
 
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 eograpKical 
 J[ jflaivdbook-^^ 
 
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 ^ .V GOUNTy .,. 
 
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 By H. W. CAMPBELL. 
 
 INSPKCTOR OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 SOUTH ORKY. 
 
 PRICE 2ie. • hN to Sthoob With Hip of Grey Gomty. 
 
 PUBLISHKD BY JNO. MITCHKLL 
 
 AT Thb Hanovbr Post* book and job offiob, hanovbr, out. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
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preface. 
 
 
 r- 
 
 ^HE STUDY of Oeography.appeaUnjraB it does to the pictorial or imagina- 
 tive faculty, must ever be a Hubject of muisual interest to the child* 
 Especially is this the case when it is taught by some natural, hence, 
 ■rientific method. One such metho''' is recognized to be, "beginning 
 with the known to the pupil and proceeding to the unknown by easy 
 and logical steps." In order to this, the study of the child's surroundings 
 becomes a necessicy at an early age. After the School Section and Township 
 have been studied, the County comes next in order. As the County is larger* 
 and has a more complex organization, an extended and somewhat fuller study 
 of it serves to preparo the way for the wider course which embraces countries, 
 continents and the world itself. Heretofore, Tthe necessary information con- 
 cQ'-aing the County of Grey was not avaiUble to teachers, hence some difficulty 
 was exjerienced in preparing Second Class pupils for this wider course in 
 Geography as well as for the local Qeography required at promotion examina- 
 tions. It is hoped tliat this littlo handbook will snpidy all the geographical 
 facts of the county which teacliars may find advisable to teach, or pupils find 
 useful to learn. 
 
 The acreage of the different municipalities was taken from the maps in 
 the Registry Office and fvotn the last official County Valuation, made in 1883. 
 
 The population of most of the Townships was taken from ttae Dominion 
 Census of 1891 ; that of the Towns and Villages from local sources or from 
 Might's Gazetteer and Directory of Ontario (1898. ) This latter work, and W. 
 W. Smith's Gazetteer of Grey County (1865) were frequently consulted in the. 
 preparation of these notes. 
 
 Thank8 are due to R. J. Doyle Esq., Owen Sound, for facts concerning 
 Shallow Lake in Keppel ; to the Reeves of many of the Townships for points of 
 iuterast relative to their i<»pective municipalities, particularly the nature of 
 the surface, uoil and products ; to John Rutherford Esq., County Clerk and S- 
 J. Parker Esq., County Treasurer, for assistance in obtaining a true account 
 of the early history of the County, to the Registrars of North and South Grey 
 for more accurate information concerning Municipal boundaries and to many 
 other personal friends for information without which the pamphlet would h» 
 incomplete. 
 
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1 
 
 Goi\teff\ts.. 
 
 1. Position and Bounderies • ^ 
 
 2. Physical Features and Scenery 1 
 
 ^8. Early Settlement and Surveys 2 
 
 Early Hbtory 8 
 
 6. Gravel Boads , »; , r . - .,.i'.iuH>!. • * 
 
 6. Educational * 
 
 7. Rivers ' 
 
 8. The Railways , 9 
 
 9. Municipalities 1® 
 
 10. Local Courts 28 
 
 11. Co'inty OflBcials 23 
 
 12. Mode of Appointment of various other Officers 24 
 
 13. TaWe of Distances 26 
 
 14. Aiqpendix 27 
 
 16. Index 80 
 
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 Entered aeeordtog to Aet of the Partiament of Canada Jn the jrear One 
 Thousand Eight Hundred and Ninety-Five by N. W» Campbbu* in the 
 OOce of the Minister of Agriculture. ^tf;. , vi, - ^%|i^i«j«;«fej .<! v, 
 
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 JKe Co\fiB\ty of Qrey. 
 
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 Position and Boundaries. 
 
 ^H£ COUNTY of Grey occupies the central part of the ui^r lake region of 
 
 Ontario lying between Lake Huron and Lake Simcoe, usually known as 
 
 I he Northern Peninsula. It is bounded on the North by Georgian Bay, on the 
 
 Sast by the counties of Simcoe and Dufferin, on the South by the counties of 
 
 fDufferin and Wellingtfju and on the West by the County of firuce. 
 
 Phusioal Features and Soenery. 
 
 IjHE SURFACE of the County jHresents a pleasing picture <tf "woods and 
 waters, fertile slopes, mountains and valleys.*' It cannot be said of Grey 
 as of scHue of the Western Counties of the Province, that there is •«no finft 
 scenery." Several heists of land run m almost paraUd ridges in a south 
 westerly direction, backwards into the Northern Townships from neaf the 
 shore of Georgian Bay. Aif early writer thus describes these : "From a dis' 
 tance, on Georgian Bay, three 'mountains' are consirfcuonsly visibte in the 
 coast line of Grey ; the heights in rear of Cape Rich and VaiPs Point at th« 
 entrance of Owen's Sound— the «St Vincent Mountain' in re«of Mealbrd, 
 dividing the valley of the Big Head River from the valley of the Beaver~-and 
 'CoUflapvoiod Mountam' in the Township of that name, dividing ibtf vaMey of 
 the Beaver from the area drained by the Nottawasaga. The lattw rUge, 
 more particularly designated as the Bhie Moimtains attains the not Jiuigaificaid 
 altitude of 1600 feet above the sea or over 900 feet above the level of the 
 teke." The view from these heightt is extfeediBgfy varied and pictaresqua In 
 
_2— 
 
 the Western and Southern Townships, except Proton, the surface is undulating i 
 or hilly and is not wholly wanting in attractive scenery. The high plateau to j 
 the South east, occupied by the Townships of Osprey, Proton, Melancthon (in 
 Dufferin Co. ) and part of Artemesia is generally level This upland, rising in 
 thp South of Osprey t<» a height of 1200 or 1250 ft. above Georgian Bay or about 
 1300 feet above the sea, and forming the watershed between the four lakes- 
 Huron, Erie, Ontario and Simcoe — is interspersed with stretches of cedar and ; 
 tamarac swamp out of which the headwaters of the various rivers "ooze in 
 sluggish rividets," or rise at once from springs which form "magnificent foun- 
 tain heads." It is but' ri'ecessary to trace the course of the Grande, Nottawa- 
 saga, Saugeen and Beaver Rivers, which have their sources in this platoau to 
 show that iiere is to be fbnud the highest point in Southern Ontarift Ju.rjr,i[ii^!7% 
 
 -iji Mj^\)*i^i, o^iojllittr. (iit^.'lXtliii «>!^..K i»,M#(,, .l^V'^«i'4>W'M '.'^'*^''^'*?''' '^<'^*,^'' (Ji^/Hi-fttC;) 
 
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 . >:Early: SetUemeat and Surve^Sv •'" W' '-^^^^^^ 
 
 ^HE TERRITORY comprising the County of Grey (including the Township 
 of Melancthon) was a real "Canadian Wilderness" up to the year 1830. In : 
 this year, the foftf Eastern conc6s)S!ons of ''Melancthon were surveyed, but for 
 some ten years later, it is said, the Township "had not a single resident" In'| 
 the spring of 1834,, the first clearing, within the limits of the present county^' 
 wAsmade'oXiL Lots?, Concession 11, in the Township of St Vincent, In the|; 
 sttQie year, and <hi thift clearil^, the first house was built and the first! eropt- 
 (potatoes) raised. During the next two years, considerable additions wevwf' 
 mfide t»,the St Vincent settlement, and another was established in the Town- 
 shipof CoUlngwoed.: "By the lime of the breaMngoutof the Rebellion in 
 1£^? eaciiof these Townships had sufficient population to send a number of vol- 
 unteers to the front." 
 
 ' In iS3d Et^rasia was siArTeyed and in the same year, the Government' 
 aioqaired froiA the Indi#<is by treaty l^e Western half of the Goimty except' 
 Kepp«l and ' ' Barawak. In f 887, the first line of the GaraA'axa {load wais run 
 by Oharle« Rankin E«q., P.L.S. Tbe SebeHion pat an end to all farther de* 
 ^Ariopmeut tin about 1840, when the work of sorreyilig was begun and carried' 
 on tiUabent 1960 or l^&l «dien all ike Townships except Keppel and Sarawak 
 Amre unrvetyad. ■ Keppel was surrendered' by the Indians in 185& when it^wa» 
 
—3^ 
 
 immediiltoly sarveyefd and pit apon' the market The Newash Reserve front-' 
 ing the Sound was ceded m 1867 and similarly dealt with by the govenunent 
 The name was changed from Newash to Sarawak by Lord Bury (Superui" 
 tendent of Indian Affair») in honor of Major Brooke, the English "Rajah of 
 Sarawak.^' The names, Keppel, Albemarle^ Brooke, and indeed many others 
 in theoouttty may be accounted for in the same way* u,j8V v^'** -^ 
 
 ■'--ij^,. ;^ . ©arl^ Higtorg, ..i,,^, ^ . ..i^^^L^ii. 
 
 ^S EARLY as 1788, the Gbvernor General of GanadA, issued a prdclatitk: 
 ^ tipn constituting the following judicial Districts in Upper Canada, viz.i 
 Luneburg, Mechlenburg, Nassau and Hesse, comprising the settled territory 
 along ithe St. Lawrence River and the Lakes westward to Lake St. plain 
 The aames of these districts were changed in 1791 or '92 to Eastern, Midland,. 
 Home and Western. In each district was appointed a judge and a sheriff and> 
 justice, was administered in courts of compion pleas. Any unorganized torrir 
 tory lying contiguous to a county already formed was usvaUy attached to puch 
 county, and with it formed part of one or other of thedistcicts referred ta 
 This was the case with the ^rea now «G<cupied by the present County of Qc^y. 
 A line running north and south alougthe western boundary of -St Vincent,/ 
 Eluphrasia, Artemesia and Proton divider the county into twe parts, the eiast^ 
 em half of wluch was for ^ number of years attached to the Goun'^ of Simcoe 
 and the Home District of whipii Xork- (Toronto) was.the judicial headqunrtersr < 
 The Townships of the Western half, were, when organized, attached to Wel- 
 lington County in the District of Waterloo. Afterwards, Osprey, Proton and 
 probably Melancthon were se^iarated from Simcoe and attached to Wellington 
 where they remained until the'^|^j([^ga{^a^j^<^ of the territory as a Provis- 
 ional Coimty in 1852. 
 
 The first Provisional Council of Orciy was held at the Village of Sy^nham 
 on' Ithe l&th df Aprils 16&8. l^he Seleond and last Provisional Council Airas iWUi 
 iutliesaAie plaoe in 1663. In (this year al^ the County BuUdingis-wer* com- 
 pleted and the Coun1*y entered ttpoti itH independent moikioipitl existence' in 
 1864, ho^ina; now iiuAlly -seixafated- Arem'the .united' counties tffWellingibDi 
 
_4— '\ 
 
 Waterloo and Grey, to which it was attached for some years. The first meet- ;| 
 ing of coanoil after the separation from Wellington waiS held at the Village of i| 
 Syden ham on January 28rd, 1854. > <! 
 
 At this time the County coxisisted of fifteen Townships, viz., Artemesia, * 
 Bentinck, Gollingwood, Derby, Egremont, Euphrasia, Glenelg, Holland, Mel* 
 ancthon, Normanby, Osprey, Proton, 81 Vincent, .Sttllivan and Sydenham. In it 
 1855, as before stated, Keppel, and in 1857 Sarawak were added. The County 
 included these seventeen Townships until the formation of Dufferin County, by 
 proclamation of the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, on the 24th of January , 
 1881, when Melancthon was detached and became part of the new County, t; 
 From this time forward, the municipal history of Grey is "set in clearer light" ' 
 and need not here be further dealt with. The names of the different Wardens 
 with 4«tj^ of pfficf> are hero a^p^nde^ for r^rence s— ^ ,,^ "KiJI 4Ji ^i^ 
 
 WARDENS OF OREir OOUNTT. ^ ,%.:- 
 
 Jaines Beachell, 1852-8 ; Richard Cam6y, 1854 ; W. K. Flesher, 1855-6-7 . 
 Geofge JacIuHm, 185^-69-60 ; W. K. Flesher, 1861-2 : George Jackson, 186S ; 
 John McDonald, 1864 ; W. K. Flesher, 1865; Thomas Gamey, 1866 ; W. K. 
 Fleaher, 1867 ; S. J. Lane, 1868-9 and ^70 ; James Edge, 1871 ; S. J. Lane, 
 1872 ; H. Reid, 1878 ; James Patterson, 1874 ; George Jackson, 1875 ; Joseph 
 Bork^, 1876 ; Robert McGhee, 1877 ; James Murdoch^ 1878 ; C. £. Bamhart, 
 1879; Finlay McRae, 1880; W. S. Christoe, 1881 ; C. R. Sing, 1882; D. Mc- 
 Nichd, 1888 ; John Cameron, 1884; John Chishohn, 1885 ; Victor Lang, 
 1886; N. Reid, 1887: John Clark, 1888 ; R. McNaught, 1889; Charles Mof- 
 fat, 1890 ; Thomas Gilray, 1891 ; James Cochrane, 1892 ; Samuel Rogers, ' 
 1893; Charles Lemon, 1894; George Binnie 1895. 
 
 GraYel Roads. • 
 
 |H£ Garafbaxa Road. -In 1840-41, Jdm McDonald Bsq., of Goderich, 
 
 the Canada Company's Surveyor, was emjdoyed to lay out a tier of lots on 
 
 each side of the Garafraxa Road. The line finaify iidopted by him diverged 
 
 ill certain points front that ran by Mr. Kaokin in 1887 (see t^2) The new line 
 
'■C'.l.'i , '.,«*•..'■? 
 
 the one now used. It extends from Ouelph to Owen Sound through Fetgaaf' 
 rthor, Mount Forest, Durham and Chatsworth. It was so called from the 
 ownship of Garafraxa, from which it started at a point near Fergus, and 
 hich was then the most Northerly Township settled along the routa It is 
 ill known as the Owen Sound road in Wellington County. Before the end of 
 
 41, a considerable portion of the Road was settled, the lots being disposed of"* 
 the government on the *'Free Grant" principle of 50 acres free to eaoh 
 ettler. , . . . 
 
 • --v J17 . '. . .r ..'.': ; .'■Hi.,. . 
 
 2. Thb Durham Road.— In 1848, the Durham Road was laid out It 
 
 tretched across the southern part of the Townships of Osprey, Artemesia, 
 
 Jlenelgand Bentinck, from Nottawasaga westwards, and was intended to 
 
 onnect Lake Simcoe at Barrie with Lake Huron at Kincardine. The portion 
 
 f it in the County from Durham eastward was surveyed by David Gibson 
 
 Ssq., and that west of Durham py Mr. Brough, Just east of Priceville, the 
 
 oad, instead of going on its old course turns to the N. £. towards Flesherton^ 
 
 thence through Maxwell to Singhampton on the county line. From Singhamp- 
 
 ton the road takes a northerly course towards Duntroon and Collingwood Town 
 
 in Simcoe County. Along the Durham road in Grey Couniy the lots were 
 
 "Free Grants" of 50 acres to actual settlers, and from 1849 may be said to 
 
 ■have been f ullv settled. . ,. 
 
 I 3., Thb Toronto AND Sydbmham Road, (Now usually, the Toronto 
 [Line) was surveyed in 1848. It extends diagonally across the County ^from 
 the Garafraxa 'Road at Chatsworth in a direct line through Holland Centre, 
 Berkeley, Markdale, Flesherton, and (near) Dundalk, to Brampton thence to 
 Cooksville where it strikes tto Dundas Road into Toronta It was intended 
 to givp, as direct communication as possible between Sydenham (Owen Sound) 
 f and Toronto, hence iia aame. In 1849 three Ranges of lots were laid ou^ oq 
 each side and 50 acres given free to settlers, /j',,^^'^.,. ,...„, j,!^*, 
 
 4. Tdb Northbrn Roao or the Owen Sotmd and Collingwood Ro«vd, 
 because at an early date the only road between these two towns. Before it was 
 gr«ivelled however in 1860, it was a poor road except in winter and *<searcely 
 practicable for loaded teams. " The portion through Sydenham is yet only in 
 fair condition and on account of the scarcity of good gravel, And the roclqr 
 nature «f the foadbed itis difficult to keep in good re^wdr. AiOwen Bound, it 
 meets the Owen Sound and Sangeen Road which oxtends direct west through 
 
,*■ 
 
 —6— ■.--<^.::;' 
 
 Dxebj, to Sottthampton on Iske Huron, a dbtuice of 28 mUes. 
 
 The portioni of theie four leading roads, within the County— over 150 
 miles in length— were gravelled in 1859-60 at a cost of ahout •800,000. Al- 
 though this was burdensome to the earfy settlers, it is the special glory of the 
 County of Qrey that there is not a single toll-gate within its limits. In Decern- , 
 ber 1879 these roads were turned over by the County to the Township Muni- 
 cipalities to be kept by them in perpetual repair, '^^eu^j .: . ;^)>^i. 
 
 ■ ' - - ■ ■ ■■■■■ - <-/ _ ^,. 
 
 ^|.'Wiif^<^!tfW"^i^^'<i::^ ■M ■ Eduoational ''"'•'*' ^^'^^^'^^^'^^^'^*^} 
 
 ^1)l/CATitdKALLT, ttie County of Orey is not behind the (tier ccrantles ex- - 
 cept perhaps in the number of High Schools. There are now (1896) how- ' 
 ever, two, — a High School iu Meaford,with four Teachers, and a Collegiate In- 
 stitute in Owen Sound wlkh nine Teachers. Both these institutions hold a fore- 
 most jdace in the Province among similar institutions, not only in the number '' 
 of students in attendance and success at examinations but also in the general )' 
 character of the work done in all the departments of Secondary Education. > 
 
 There Is, however, room for another High School somewhere in the Southern 
 part of the County. 
 
 The Northern Business C liege which has its home in Owen Sound, haa? 
 under the able management of C. A. Fleming Esq., the energetic Principal 
 and proprietor, become one of the fbremost of its kind in the Province. 
 
 There are three Insrectoral Divisirais — West, East and South Grey. 
 West Grey comprises the Townships of Keppel, Sarawak, Derlqr, Sullivan, 
 Sydenham and Holland, and the Town of Owen Sound. East Grey comprises 
 St Vincent, Eufdurasia, C<dlingwood, and the Town of Thombury. South 
 Grey, the seven southern Townships and the Towns of Durham and Mea- 
 ford. The P. S. Inspectors are Mr. Thomas Gordon, Owen Sound, for W. 
 Grey ; Mr. A. Grier, Thombury, for E. Grey and Mr, N. W. CampbeD, Dur- 
 ham, for S. Grey., 
 
 There ace at present in the County, including the towns, nearty 800 P. S. 
 teachers and about 10 S^[«arate School teaehwrs employed. 
 

 — 7 — 
 
 AuaBBN.— The Saugeen River eroiMB the Garaf rau Road in Ave forks or 
 braaehes, the sources of which are some distance apart (1) The sooth 
 tranch (wron^y known as the Maitlaod) rises in the southeast of Proton and 
 flows through Cedar ville, Mount Forest, Ay ton and passin;; near Neustadt joins 
 the Main branch a short distance west of Hanover. (2) The Beatty Saugeen 
 rises by various branches in eastern Egremont and Western Proton and flows 
 tnrough Hdstein and (near) OrchardviUe westward through Normanby till it 
 meets the S. fork, south of Hanover. (3) The Main branch rises in the South of 
 Osprey, and flows westward through Artemesia, Proton, Olend^ Bentinck, 
 passing in its course Wareham, PriceviUe, Durham and Hanover in the county, 
 then through Bruce County to Southampton on Lalce Huron. (4) The Rocky 
 Saugeen rises in Artemesia, near Flesherton Station and flows northward into 
 Euphrasia then southward, past Markdale, through Olenelg and into Bentinck 
 where it joins the Main branch about 6 miles N. W. of Durham. (5) The North 
 branch (often called the Sable) rises in eastern Holland and flows westward 
 through Williamsford thence south westerly through Sullivan to Scone. It 
 then takes a nortl; westerly directbn till it falls into the Main Saugeen, a 
 little bek>w Pabley. AU the branches of the Sacs^n are among the best 
 tront streams in the Province. Hay ward's Falls, a favorite picnic resort, are 
 on the Rocky Saugeen branch, about 8 miles from Durham. Normanby, Eg- 
 remont, Glenelg and Bentinck are wholl|y drained by the Saugeen River and 
 Proton, Melancthon, Osprey, Artemesia, Euphrasia, Holland and Sullivan are 
 partially drained by it The total length of the main branch is considerably 
 over 100 miles. 
 
 ^ BflavBB. —This is the largest river wholly in the Coanty. It rises in the 
 north east of Osprey by several branches which join and within a few mUes 
 form a considerable mill stream. It then passes Feversham aad flows 8. W, 
 to Eugenia in Artemesia^ where after the descent of the Falls and the fftpUa 
 below it turns to the N. E. through Euphrasia and CoUingwood to Geoirgiaa 
 Bay at Thombnry. Before reaching Eugenia it receives a large feeder from 
 the South, and at the foot of the rapids, the Boyne river which rises a slMirt 
 
— 8 — 
 
 distanc* S. of Flasherton Station. The Eugenia Falls are 70 feet high and 
 are the most romantic natural wonder in the county. Belovr the Falls, are the 
 rapids which have a descent of several hundred feet within a mile or two. 
 The rugged scenery of the gorge below the Falls » perhaps unrivalled in 
 Western Ontario. Kimberley, Heathcote and Clarksburg are the onlj villages, 
 on its lower course. „',"■.■),.,■„•.:,, ^ v.- 
 
 Bia Hbad. — (So called from a remarkably large skull found at its mouth 
 by the first surveying party,or from an Indian Chief bearing that name) Rises 
 in two forks : the Eastern, two miles S. of Walter's Falls, aear the townline be- 
 
 I 
 
 tween Holland and Euphrasia ; the Southern or Western, not far from the 
 centr^ of Holland. The Eastern source is a fine spring which with several 
 feelers, foran at Walter's Falls a sufficiently large stream to furnish power for 
 several mills. On each of the forks of the Big Head is a Fnlls 20 or 30 feet ' 
 in height, that on the western fork being known as Philip's Falls and that on 
 the eastern taking the same name as the villaga Around these the scenery is- 
 I^cturesque and beautifuL The two forks unite in Sydenham then flow N. E.' 
 to Georgian Bay at Meaford, a distance of about 20 miles. \ 
 
 it --<. SyobniiAM.— Rises in a small lake (Williams') in Holland 2 miles east of the 
 Garafraxa Boad and 14 miles from Owen Sound where it empties into the bay af-<f 
 ter a course of nearly 20 niles. It crosses the Garafraxa Road about two miles ^ 
 north of Williamsford. Three miles S. of Owen. Sound in Derby Township are 
 Inglis' Falls, of whi«h the ''people of the town and neighborhood are justly 
 proad> " The Falls are about 70 feet high but th^deacent is broken and irregular, j^ 
 III high water, the effect is striking and beautiful. Just above the Falls aroj 
 situated Ing^' Mills— eaw, woollen and flour. Several other saw mills ^^^ 
 driven by the Sydenham in its course. < ''^ 
 
 •-''SAbl^— (]()r6p6rly; Aoz Sable of the North). Rises a ihtle south of thef 
 centre of SuUivan, and flows with a westerly coarse into Bruce County, then 
 northerly passing Invermay and Tara to Lake Huron south of Chiefs Point 
 and the Fishing Islands. 'The Sable drains Shallow Lake and several other 
 lakes'ln'Keppel.'' '■ • - -' ''"t ■(■■•li' it a<.W.'ij>« li.'M.i ■■ . t' 
 
 ' IT^DIAK— A small sluggish streamy Which, rising ill Bass Lake in Keppel 
 flows ia ift south easterly' direction through Sarawak, iiiiito Owen Sound Bay* 
 aitkilit "i 'ufles from the Town. It is chiefly notieeaUe <m account of its FsJlsi 
 40 l(E«t- Wj^, bne4ialf mild from Its motttlti ^^ ^ ■'/ 
 
POTTAWATAMIB (Hm MrwtX iiwUings. ^-A sBUttt straMi which riMs In 
 
 , 8. W. of Derby, flow» N. E. •boot 14 milM and fall* into Owen Sound Bay 
 
 _j the Town, forming the north weatern boun^ar j of the Town-plot Th» 
 
 |>ttawntMiie Pnlis, over which the wnter dcMsenda by two leapi 80 or 80 feet are 
 
 lit 2 miles from Owen Bound and ere dnring hi^h water, "very ptetty." 
 
 ow the Palli, are tituated Jones' saw mill, WrightPf oatmeal miU and 
 
 & Lealie*! law mill and Door and Sash Factory. From these mills to 
 
 I bay the valleiy i» about half a mile wide with precipitous and rocky sides, 
 
 rmmg a sheltered place for gardens and orchards. 
 
 Mad.— A branch of the Nottawasaga River, which rises by several streani 
 
 f Osprey and Melanothon. Passing Singhampton it descends rapidly into 
 
 aooe County and joins the Nottawasaga near Angus. > 
 
 Prvtty.— This is a small stream that rises at Bob Boy in fhpewy and 
 
 I N. E. past Nottawa village, thence northward t. »'e bay east of Col- 
 
 bgwoodTown. 
 
 The Railways. 
 
 ,HE NORTHERN— Enters the County on the Shore of Georgian Bay, from 
 the Town of CoUingwood and passes through Craigleith and Thombolry ta 
 ford, its present terminus. This road was opened for traffic in the winter 
 ►f 1854-6, as far north as Barrie. The extension to OoUingWCod was made 
 uring 1865 and that to Meaford by the North Or^ E^ttensiott Oa, fai 18Tfc 
 ?Ym control of the Northern R.R. was teken over by the Grand Tmnk B. Oa; 
 nl887. 
 
 TUB Owas SOfTKD BitANOa O.P.R— formerly called the ♦TormrtnOr^ 
 and Bruce" was chartered in 1868, built about 1870, completed in AugusilS7S, 
 widened by the O.T.R. Co., and run by h for nearly two years [188Mland takm 
 over by the CP.B. Ca, in 1888. The Rosd enters the County near the & E. 
 
 ;omer aiDuKUilk, and follows the general dirtctionlof the Toronto line, throngfe 
 Proton RUk\ Flesberton Sta.^ Markdalet BerMeley and Holland Centre to Ghats- 
 worth, then turns north to Ow^ 8oand->-« distanee of aboM 40 ttilaa in the 
 county. ■■ 
 
' • —10— ,..;;;:■.'<,•"■'•■•. . '..';■ ^^: 
 
 <(>< Thb Dubham BaANOH Q.T.R.— formerly ••TheGeorpan Bay and Wei 
 Uofton RR" This line extends from Palmerston and Mount Forest (both in 
 Welling^ Oa) through Holstein and Vamey (flag station) to Dnrham a dis- 
 tance of 16 mHes in the county. The Road wan chartered in 1878 under the 
 direction of a local company but in 1881, it was taken over by the O.T.R. Ca, 
 and openeb for traffic in 1889. < 
 
 Thb OWbn Sound Branch O.T.B.,l-i^6c^fl3^'cJiiahe«d ttM "Wlarton 
 Branch** G. T. R The Road was known first as the Stratford and Huron R R., 
 and since 1881 as the Georgian Bay and Lake Erie division G.T.R It was 
 chartered (or an old charter was revived) in 1872 or *78 and opened for traffic 
 in 1882. Enters the county from Harriston, at Alsfeldt (flag station) and pro- 
 ceeds north to Ayton, thence N.W, to Nenstadt, Hanover and Elmwood. IjH 
 ies N^ of Elmwood it crosses the county boundary line, into Bruce Ga, and 
 runs northward to Wiarton. The Owen Sound extension, opened in 1894, Joins 
 the original main line at Park Head. ^ivf^j-jkiuvT)!*! 
 
 MuniciimlitiM;^. v^-H ! r. : "# . 
 
 ft' .•*.;->.-.'vi'^t*.. «-'-fa ■■•; '^''^''^' ..; (Ji-i^ ' -i^Nrti )^».'J9 '•s-'i>*t; 
 
 ffr PRESENT, there are 22 municipalities in the County —4 Towns, 2 VO-^ 
 ^ litges, and 16 Townships. Besides these there are two Police Villages-r^/ 
 Ghatsworth and Plesherton, but, as they are included in their respective Town-,;, 
 ships for MonicipiU purposes, they will require no minute description apart from, ji, 
 these Townsh^.i^li:vtA.«:>' ■ . ^■'^»^^«^*f1^ <^#,.t*!tvH-;(#»a4«*>f o»M '!h>|^-rtat«i;si«t 
 
 THE TOWKS. ^*( W 
 
 OWBif.SOUNZMpoP' 8600, acreage 5400). The County Town. Incor- 
 porated as a Town on 1st January 1857 when its name was changed frcnn 
 Sydenham lb Owen Sound. The Town is romantically situated on both sides^' 
 of the Sydenham River where it enters Owen Sound Bay. It appears as if it 
 were originally part of the Townships of Derby and Sydenham but iu rtplity it . 
 never formed a part of either. It is a govemmkmt survey tbr a town iplot. 
 It i however breaik0 into the regular ftHmatioa of both. 
 
 The Town-flot is bounded on the east 1^ the 10th concession line of Syd«^ 
 
\:y^r-^^ -■■:.. ' ' •',.. /':;\:/;;'"'''''., 
 
 "^y, ■.'•■ a,';' , —11— -:■',:- .;:, ^■•■" "/ > 
 
 ham, on the north and north weat by Owen Sound Bay and the Pottawatamie 
 ver, on the west by the 8rd conceuion line of Derby and on the south by the 
 lorthern limit of Lot No. 14 in the 1 1th and 12th conceuions of Sydenham and 
 e 1st and 2nd concessions ol Derby. . •■ . t /i.««M ?< 
 
 Its eastern limit is 4| miles long from north to south and its southern limit 
 about 8| miles from east to west. It was laid out by Chaa. Rankin Esq., 
 L.8., about 1836. >.^U ,,,; , .. >. ; t 
 
 On account of the ridge of high land on each side of the bay the harbor la 
 robably one of the best sheltered on the upper lakes. For this and other 
 ■easona the town was made the connecting link between the O.P.R. Steamship 
 ne from Port Arthur and intermediate points, and the O.S. Branch C.P.R., ' 
 irom Toronto. It has recently been made the terminus of what wm heretofore 
 nown as the Wiarton Branch of the O.T,R. The Sydenham and Pottawata- * > 
 lie rivers furnish power for flour, oatmeal and woc^en mills and for the 
 Electric Light plant. There are also saw, shingle and planing mills, two 
 bundries, a tannery, and a furniture and beat ohair factory. Shipbuilding is 
 carried on to a considerable extent and there is a Dry Dock for ship repairs 
 of all kinds. Grain, flour, live stock and the produces of the faotoviefl are 
 ihipped. A large C.P.R. Elevator aids the transshipment of grain from the 
 iteamships to the Railway, A general and Marine hospital has recently been 
 
 mih.. •;■:•■ t!' t-'! !•, . 
 
 The town is provided with an excellent system of waterworks and is lighted 
 with gas and electricity. It has three newspapers with steam presses : The 
 Times, established in 1853 ; The Advertiser, established- in 1862 and The Sun, 
 astablished in 1890. Besides these, the Northern Business College and John 
 Rutherford's Sons have Book and Job printing offices. ., . 
 
 Mbaford— (pop. 2000, acreage IfiOO). Meaford is situated on Geor^^ 
 Bay at the mouth of the Big Head River, nearly 20 miles east of Owen Soandit " ' 
 Incorporated on Ist January 1875. The riier suites power, and there are 
 flour, woollen' and saw mills, a foundry, two tanneries, a ribbon and Carpet' 
 'aetory. a wire mat factory, three planing and Door and Sash Factories and two 
 ruit evaporators. It is the terminus of the N. & N. W. Division of the G.T.R. 
 ish, grain, frtdt, produce, leallher and machipery are ship^. The hasbor 
 s excellent and is a port pf call for all steamers running ^from Cdlingwpod to > 
 the Upper Lakes. There arejwo weeklf newnparersrrr-The 4ifiim>r and The ^ 
 
Monitor. TLe town ia lighted with Electricity and a good njBtem of Water- 
 works is now in donrse of eonstraction and within the year (189&) will be in 
 operation. 
 
 The name Mbaford was given to the village (ij W. R. Qibbard Esq., ^. 
 L.8., when he surveyed it in 1845^ after the country seat ot Admiral Jervis» 
 Earl St Vincent, in whose honor the Township of St. Vincent also wi^b named. 
 
 Durham— (pop. 1800, Acreage 1100) is situated on the main branch of ^' 
 the Sangeen River (which supplies power) where it crosses the Oarafraza \ 
 Road. Incorporated as a town on 1st January '78, It has two foundries; flour 'S 
 saw, woollen and planing miUs ; a tannery ; two door and sash factories, and > i 
 two weekly newspapers. The Chronicle and The Gr^ Review. The South I 
 Orey Registry Offitse is situated here — Thomas Lauder Esq., Registrar, r 
 Durham is the Northern tormintis of the Durham Branch Q.T.R., by whichi^ 
 giain, live stock, produce, square timber, poles, wood, etc, are shipped. Tha^r 
 town has^andectirie light plant driven by Water powor. jj??;!}; >dkil ;hj««f^! 
 
 THORMBURt— (popi 1000, Acreage 960) is situated on Georgian Bay t)i^ 
 the month of the Beaver River, which supplies power. Incorporated as a tovm if' 
 on the 2nd May 188?. It contains saw, shingle, floor, oatmeal and wooHaa'^ 
 mills, a tannery, a planing mill, a door and sash factory, and two wefjUy "^ 
 newspapers, The £^Mf0ii5/aMibn/ and The Herald. The Harbor is good and^; 
 steamers call at intervals duruig the season. The N. and N.W. Branch O.T;# 
 R., has a station here and by it are shipped fruit, grain, live-stock wad the 
 produce of the mills. The town is lighted with- electricity and is an exoeUenfl 
 anii beaUhftd Summer Resort. : ^IT : ^ ,;| 
 
 <i.:y- .■■■■ ■ ■ '' THE VILLAGES^: ■ ■' - '^■ 
 
 Markoalb— (pop. 900, Acreage 950) is situated on the Toronto Lbe, 
 between Olenelg and Artondua, 26 mike south east from Owen fioond, and:^ 
 not far fSroos the Rodgr Sangeen branch of the Sangeen River. Inc(Nrporatad< 
 aaa village onlst January 1889. It has woollen, flour and saw mills ; a fpuH 
 dry { a bask^ feotovy, and a weekty newspaper. The Standards It is a load- • 
 ingstatfaw on t3ieO.S^ Branch C.P.R., by which grmn, wood, poles, produce 
 and'livestoekareihipfed.//. . V' .,-:: vuj V 
 
 ■ DutoAl.K-Kp(i^ 800^ aiiVMigd liO) Is sitttaied or the felgh upland In 
 Protooj thvak one-hatf'-mile from ihe Toronto I^ ^ milM S.E. of Owen 
 Sound. InooriliSrated at a village onlst JaittuKrjr 1887. It is the hi(^t 
 
—18- 
 
 tati<m on the O.S, Branch, C.P.&, and ahips large qnantitids of pdes, wood, 
 KMts, rough grains, live stock and other product! of the farm and dairy. It 
 Bontains two saw mills, a woollen mill, a sash and door factory, two planing 
 mills, and a weekly newspaper, The Herald. It is probabty the largest station 
 the County for the shipment of cheese, grain and stock, and the largest 
 [hipping station for cedar in the Province. , .^ 
 
 Hanover [popi 1900] is probably the largest unincorporated village in tiie 
 rovince. It was first called Adamstown ^ut was changed in 1856 to Hanover, 
 he' village contains some of the most iruportant manufacturing establishments. 
 The Knechtel Furniture and Cabinet factory and the Hanover Fumitore and 
 VJndertaking Co's Factory are among the largest and best equij^ted factories of 
 he kind in the Province. There are besides, flour, saw and woollen miUs, two 
 anneries, a foundry, a felt factory, a sash anddoor factory, a mattress and up- 
 lolstering factory and other industries. A weekly newspaper, The Post equip- 
 )ed with steam presses, is one of the largest newspapers in the Goonty. The 
 irillage is lighted with electricity. ; hi! j;*; 
 
 THE TOWNSHIPS. 
 
 Ahtbmbsia— (pop. 4092, acreage 67,722) was surveyed in 1849-^ by C. 
 Rankin Esq. The surface in the north is somewhat uneven and hilly but 
 more level towards the south. The soil is either gravelly or heavy clay and is 
 usually pronounced good. Two branches of the Saugeen river, and the Beaver 
 river, pass through the Towdship. With these and their feeders the Township 
 is well watered. It contains the villages qf Flesherton (pop. 800), Priceville 
 (pop. 350), Flesherton Station (pop. 150) and Eugenia (pop 200.) Fleshertom 
 on Boyne River (a tributary of the Beaver) which furnishes power, has floor, 
 woollen and saw mills, a stave factory, a machine tAxsp and * weekly nevfi- 
 paper. The Advauce, Priceville, on the Saugeen which furnishes power, has 
 floor and saw mills, a tannery, etc. Eugenia is built on the Beaver river near 
 the FaDs. It has magnificent water power, which is used for saw, shingle and 
 planing mills, and for ajlarge! Hoop and Veneer factory which lias recently 
 beenbuilf 4-'"^ ' ■ ' '• 
 
 ' BBMTiNOK--(pbp. 5828, acreage 75,878) was surveyed in 1850 by Jolm 
 
IBtooi^toii D«imiB, Esq. Bentinok is weU watered bjr the Sangeen Biverani 
 Its branohMk Numerous spring creeks cover the Township as a net work! 
 The surface in the west is rdling or lerel ; in the east rather hilly. The soil 
 <ii generally grav^y and stony in the east and south but in the centre audi 
 west it'is heavy clay or sandy loam with considerable tracts of stony soil and | 
 some patches of swamp, The gt . ater part of the villages oi Hanover [see p, 13] * 
 and Elmwood, both on the Owen jSound Branch O.T.R., is in the Township o^ 
 'ISentihck. £lmwood [pop. 300] has flour, planing and saw mills, and a brc 
 handle and cheese box factory. 
 
 N.i ^vCiOlXliKawooD,— (pop. 893^ aereage 66,844) was surveyed in 1838 by| 
 1 Charles Rankin fisq. The Township of Cdlingwood is traversed by the Blue| 
 .Mountains which stretch through the centre of the Township from the sotithern ^ 
 upland of Osprey, northward to near Georgian Bay, east of Thombury. The 
 jorface is thus divided into two slopes, eastern and western, the former watered . 
 '"'fkf the Beaver and Indian Rivers with their branches, and the latter by small; 
 streams flowing into the Nottawasaga River and Bay. The soil is mostly 
 heavy clay, both on the * 'mountains" and in the valleys. The south east ia 
 very rough and stony, and several stony stretches follow the bay along the 
 north. The lower part of the Beaver Valley is sometimes known as Queen's 
 7aUey and is iioted fbr its mild and salubrious climate. The fdbwing excerpt 
 from apap^by Mr. C. W. Hartman, of Clarksburg, on *<Fruii Growing in 
 the Beaver yaltoy" will be of more than passing interest *<The valley extends 
 fmm Thombury to Eugenia falls, and is productive of excellent fruits. Over 
 '110,000 barrels of ai^to are gathered in the Valley every year. President 
 <^%hr«&t'of Queen's Crilege, Kingston, speaks of this place as being a very excel- 
 ■leftt f each grb«ring district The cUmatels aU that can be desired and the 
 ildl is'WeU liratered by heahhy streams. An electric railway is spoken of to \ 
 -eteneeiTfaorftbury with Mount Forest, and so form a short highway to Buffak 
 <i|br the' traffic in ihuts. A carload of plums is shipped daily from the Valley 
 '4iuringihe^«ieMiMm, This place is aoted as a fruit grower's paradise." 
 
 Besides fhiit, grain and live stock are largely produced.. Clarksburg 
 (popi 800), Heathcote(pop. 100), Ravenna (popi 100) and Craigleith are the 
 villages. Clarksburg one ^ite south of Thmrnbury on the Beaver River, which 
 supplies power, has flour, saw and wodlen millst a basket factory, a foundry 
 and a weekly newspai^r, The Rtfltcter, 
 
Obbby (pop. 2200, acreage 40,Mfi) was Borveyed in 1846 by C. Bankin 
 Ssq. The Township was named at the time of surrey after (the then) Lord 
 Derby. The sarface is generally level, though some parts are somewhat hilly. 
 There are large tracts of pretty level, and very good land — clay and friable 
 oam — in the centre and west of the Township. In the east, the soil is stony 
 nd the aspect rougher especially abng the courses of the Sydenham and Pot- 
 watamie Rivers. Along the upper course of the Pottawatamie Biver, there is 
 sonsiderable swamp land which furnishes cedar and other soft timbers. The 
 Township is favorably situated for fruit and is one of the best agricultural dis- 
 tricts in the county, hence, large quantities of fruit, grain and live stock are 
 shipped. Kilsyth (pop^ 100, ) the only vdlage of importance, has a saw mill and 
 a pottery-ware manufacture. 
 
 Euphrasia [pop^ 3567, acreage 72,000] was surveyed in 1886 by Mr. 
 fiankin. Thefieaver Biver enters Euphrasia about the middle of its south 
 line, crosses the Township in a north ensterly direction and passes out near the 
 north east comer forming a broad valley [called the Cuckoo or Queen's Valley,] 
 with about a mile of slope on each side at the south, and widening to two or 
 three miles as the river proceeds northward. Th|p ridges on each side, which 
 thus run almost parallel to the riyer are in places rocky and precifatous but in 
 others the slope is gradual At the north, the Western ridge turns in a curve 
 ' westward towards Walters' Falls. The Bocky Saugeen passes in an irregulai 
 curve through the south western comer. The surface luid soil west of the 
 Beaver presents three distinct divisious : The northern part is hilly [in the 
 N.W. a series of rocky Uuifs extend] with good productive clay soil The 
 central part is largely occupied with rough swamp land. The southern part 
 is rolling land vrith soil gravelly loam. The cultivable parts in the Beaver 
 Valley are good clay soil The Cuckoo Valley, bebug sheltered from exposure 
 by the ridges on each side is favorably situated for the production of fruit. 
 [See under Collingwood]. Bocklyn [pop. 100] with a saw mill and Kimberley 
 ^ [pojK 125] with one flour, two saw and two shingle mills are the only important 
 villages. Epping, Goring and Heathcote [in part] with saw mill in this Town- 
 sbip are the other villages. 
 
 ► EORiDiiONT— (pop. 8904, acreage 72,822,) was surveyed from 1846 to 1860 
 "^by Mr. Kerr. The surface of Egrem^nt, along the north western and north- 
 era parts is hilly. The central part is general^ level, sometimes flat and the 
 
-16- 
 
 MmtihAm and eartem parts, rolling. The Township is well watered by the two 
 iwathem branches of the Saogeen river, wliich are fed by many spring 
 creeks making ezedlent grazing and farming land. "The soil is variable, at 
 times sandy, ^occasionally gravelly, often a friable loam and sometimes though 
 not often heavy clay." Holstein (pop 800,) a station on the O.T.R., the most 
 important village, is on the Beatty Saugeen which furnishes power for 
 floor and saw mills. Dromore (pop. 125,) with saw, shingle, feed and 
 plamng mills, a Broom handle factory, and an ezeeQent Hall for public meet- 
 Ings, Tdovil and OrchardviUe (popi 160) with flour and saw mills are the other 
 vUlages. The products are generally those of the farm and mills. 
 
 ■ » ■' . . 
 
 OlbMBLO — (pop. 8818, acreage 68,300,) was surveyed by Mr. Dennis in 
 idSO. The surface of Olenelg presents a somewhat rough appearance. The 
 whole Township is hilly — ^the south east being rather rolling than hiUy— with 
 consideraUe wooded tracts in the northern parts. In the centre and south 
 west, the soil is gravelly clay or clay loam in a good state of cultivation. 
 Mudh of the sdl is stony bat on account of theuumberods spring streams which 
 flow throogh almost every hollow and valley, it makes isxcellent grating land. 
 The products are mainly timber, grain and stock. Traverston on the Rocky 
 Saugeen, which famishes power for flour ahd saw mills is the only village 
 within the township. On its western side however 'are Durham and Dornoch, 
 and on the easteim, Markdale and Priceville, all on the boundry line. All 
 liarts bf the Township are thbil Vithin easy reach of town or village. 
 ' '' ■ • 
 
 HbtlLAND— (popi 3602, acreage 90,300) was surveyed in 1849 and *60 by 
 Mr. Bankin. The Township of Holland is somewhat hilly with a generally 
 roQgh, uneven and sometimes rocky surface, dome stretches of cedar swamp 
 lure found along ihe streams. In the central and southern parts the soil is 
 stony and gravelly but in the north belt, some 3 or 4 miles in width, it is clay 
 ot^ loam and is usually productive and fertile. ' ' The Township is well watered 
 by many sprbgs^ sotne small lakes, and several mill streams, that, running in 
 diiforent directions, form the bead waters or become tributary to the Big 
 .Head, Sydenham or Saugeen RivensL** Berkeley (popb 150) and Holland 
 Centre [pop. 200] on the Toronto Line and Chatsworth [popi 600] on both iidM 
 <^J^J^Igl^{r9i^^]lto§^ by the Toronto Line are itapcrtant 
 
stotion* on ihe C. P.R., fiom whioh large quMttitiq* ot polM, woodi loBilwr and 
 the usual agrieultnral producto are shipfed. Ohati^orth ha» a foondrjr, two 
 taaneries, s4w and planing mills and a Weekly newqiaper^ The Aftwt. Walter's 
 Fulls [{lop. 800] onthe east branch of the Big Head Kiver whieh supplies ei- 
 cellent water power for ^ur, saw Mid woollen mills is idso a prosperous rMlage* 
 The falls are about 80 Ceet high. . Massie and Strathaven^ each with saw and 
 ilour uiiUs are the other villagest ;a tit..; ,,>da bl... 
 
 '^ KBPPEL-{pop. Slli, acreage 87,536] was surveyed in 18&5 by Mr. Ra»* 
 kin. Several rocky ridges of considerable height extend through the eastern 
 and northern parts of KeppeL These are iia two main w^-deiined ranges or 
 lin^ : — one, begmning at the south end near Owen dound and extending 
 northward along the west side of the Indian River until near its source, where 
 the range breaks, crosses the river in a north easterly direction, then turns in 
 a semicircular curve to the S. W. back to the east side of the river ; the secr 
 ond, beginning in Sarawak and extending northward along the shore to Cape 
 Commodore, thence westward f^ith occasional Inreaks as far as Chcenden, The 
 surface of the western part of the township is stony and in pUces swampy 
 with good rolling land towards the N.W. In, the N. aqd E,, the land <fa the 
 ridges is a series of table-lands, while below the ridges it is rolling and sloping^ 
 The soil in the N, and E. is a heavy clay Mid in, the W. a sandy loani. 
 Kepiel has a number of small lakes many of which are drained by the Sabls 
 River [which see]. The most import vit of these is Shallow Lake new the 
 South of the Township. Shallow Lake, is 9 miles from Owen Sound by the 
 road, 'A from Hepworth and 2| ^rom Park Read. It is 600 acres in extent and 
 has been recently drained a.ta cost of about 19000, so that it is now dry axcepi 
 during the spring and autumn fresWs, The clay which fonoM the be4 Oi 
 the lake is in two layers, the upper shaUow and lighter in eolrar, being largeigr: 
 composed of carbonate of lime., the bwer, a deeper and darker clay. By a 
 prof .w nwttnre of these two clayk Poirflana CiBMotet of ihe v«ry bMt Quality is 
 produced. Putty fbr whiddw glata, flrtt proof pafaits, bHck, tOes and otliei> 
 such articto« are alio tlltoufactured from this liine depdsit The bike is ownedf 
 by R.^ J. Doyle Esq., Owen SouiM, through whose ehergy and pdrseteyance, li 
 ^dmpaf^— the OWntt SiMtnd Portland Cemtot Company— ivas fdnUed to d#>- 
 velop this growhig and prbfitabto industry. A considerabie viUagfr— ShaBoi^ 
 Laka [popi 200] with two SAW mflls has gniwn dp atntmid tM Cemmit worlDf.'' 
 
— IB— 
 
 Wiwt eH^vBuign.t^ Sapirartli [poffc ftOO]i :oii Sable Bhr«r whh mw tmi. 
 •likiglBindttli;iuii*it«eUy new8pap«v, The/MirwA/; Qzendam cd tbe Stoor 
 iUySf «r QHt»mm€tefA withimit and lav. Jdilli ; North Keppel on Colpoy't 
 )^y, ,A,||0«tAf «idl for Ihfe fih9t>Kgian Baj ateamar^and Kembia [poiK 100] a 
 tluritteg viUagar^a juIIm from Chwen Soqiiifd^ («u,% uijibi 
 
 liis V(»tlliSB^'~^pi^ 6006, aorMg«^,l99] Wiui irarveyed iii 1841,i*4& atitt 
 *61byJohn McDonald Esq. and David Gibson Esq. The south branch of 
 the. Saogeen .]9iver c^owes the Towwihip ^ia^nally from Mount Forest to Han- 
 over, and divides it into unequal parts, the N.E. being much the larger. This 
 branch is joined S. of Hanover, by the Littlf) or EjeattieSaugeen which crosses 
 theTownslUp ceptrafly from Orcharjivillej, westwards. The^ Iff^®,''? provide 
 excc^ent drainage. The surface pf th* mjrth and east is rather rough and 
 uiMven' with many sandy or g|ra[velly biUs interspersed occasionally with 
 vwam]^ flats, som!^ mii«s in extent . The central and south western parts are 
 lev^ or undniating land, "lying handsomely.'* The prevaiUnjg soil in the level 
 narts is day. ui excelfeut state of cultivation and very productive. The soil in 
 ^uneven puis is generally gravpl or ^ayelly clay with occasional sand- 
 patches of i^oVory gr^at cortent Two yillwre^^ ^jyten (po,!^ WO) »^d Neustadt 
 fpopt^'esbjliie w:hoUy >nthin the t^ ^ stajtioi^s on the O.B. and 
 
 E.'i. i™oii '^.^.r1 ' Neustadt, ojtt Meaux creeH wjiich a9ppl|es power, has 
 £|(W,flax,i»aw and woollen mills; a foundry, tannery and. breweiry. Graip, 
 j^rait^ Uve stocian/^' the products of ^e mills are shipped. Ayton on the ^^ 
 iirancli. "Saiigeen iivisr ^kch supplies pow^^^^ saw,^hingle apdpliMung 
 ^lills, a stive faictory and a weekly n^w8j«por, Th(B Adj^nte. .The flour mill 
 wfetciiwaa imrned some years ago is in course of rebuilding and. when cfcm- 
 l^'wiii j^ one oiF t^ best pif itej "kind v^ tj^e Province. Large q«»antitie^ 
 rf ianry Md'ciaamery jwo^ucts are shipped in aidition to the usual farm 
 
 ,. 9fj^i|F,;;r(ppi>» 33K.«M5f:W«^7^!y»: ^fW/Httv^edw |W9ap4?^ 
 ^i^»rt|».W^^^®««^ wWfih.,/iBQi?ii,fTft|p^ exteftdm^- 
 
 i4^i^^ t^e fSow3Bf#ip|,;sw> 9f itmrnm^mU^mPm heMs ilwWw 
 
70ton^aiidionniiig'«iilll»tfefttM«t«bc0.'' NMw'^lito Koatli ^t «OHM^ tt itthe 
 
 8«n» 0dn<^y«f 8 Ikkt* tauith 1SM» fffist Above GeorgiAn dky. fM ^^ ifr^^H^h 
 4Sl»y loam on; «j grrnnHy gohioiL TUe thrM ««• foor «eiibMiMi« tb f M nbHh 
 Are i& parM reryHlotiy vrHth MMae»«Mun|ykild (tloOg the »ib«MU. ' TlM^ilb^ 
 am Maxwell Fererahanii 8ad)MMS>tVareham; MeliiCyre, ttdb lUt^ aM 8^. 
 hamiiton (M pBrt)r IfaJn^eU (|i6p. 16d) Matr tM BeAttor B1t« hM %'iMilUn 
 miU. Peversham (pop. itO) <to «he< BeatW Hi^eif ( wWteb f^tfhMhM pftW) Khb 
 ^por, saw; apd oatmpal miUa^ \Kai;elMm luut ^w ai^ sMiiffie, ^ifiiUa. Singw 
 
 hamptoi^ (pop, 8pp), oi» U»» C<»"»»<yt W»ew wih^^ff thej|lf4 Ri7i>t.,wJWch 
 supplfo^ ,ppwer. It ha^fl«>«i., saw,, i^iwjfl^n 1^4 ^hingle,i9ai«. , ,„ ,„ ; 
 
 Proton^PIw »mi acreage 81,182) vnas iwve^ed id 1860 1))< > Darid 
 aibson D*^ Tj^e range* akAgithefloMiotQlMi^weie laid em i» 1848. .Tie 
 surface Qf Ifroton ie alwcMtan onbrdtenletel Uurgety eoreredwith swamplaiidi, 
 The land be4iw«e& the swamps is* gttosraUljr , exceUent with clay soU and hanl- 
 Ksed ^ber. The "Hog'»,»atl^?'! aiaafnmanaluHHke ridgejes bHilc-boiMv 
 spmetunesjIsiQg frpin tO te 5Q feel abom the ooii*igaoDsiJe\«l, r«ia itiiegvlarljy 
 from thi» northto tbe sotitb ofthe TowaHbiii^ t^o to fear «^»ft fsem cKeweit- 
 «ifn boundary. This Airnishe*«bimdaiiee«f. good grarel for the, roads <withii 
 remsh. Preton requires ilarg».eBpendHmres ibvdrainige^ b4t when'oieeiirop- 
 ^<y drwned, itpronises to been* of tibe hiBtTown8hipai1n.th»PfoviBe& Ttio 
 road»,h*v« of late ywurs irHstfy improTed andare already amoBg the; best) in the 
 qpunty eixcept in aprinff andiPalL Wheat is not moekgnmnbak tin yieUsf 
 other grains is abondani Large saiqilies of telegrajdi pedes and sach fight tim- 
 bers a^stiD/njc/^/rfannually. ThpS: branch of %Sa!;igeen drains thp south 
 west ; the main branch' t^e.port^,fndW )fth^r !WUc> pa«|B^^^^h 
 
 ^ ®°?i^r ^^ *!^T*^*'^F« ^ '^ ?^V '.Tk«»^ r*"»8^ are Ppdaiyqip 
 (pojfc 150), on the south farancb of the Saogeen i^fh sf^w^ fe^ naA sbingfe, miUs, 
 
 Township. 
 
 nSAIM^4iM9»^ 1901 Mnig«. K^AIB) was Mirrcyvd ia IBSffy a 
 
 BanWaEpq. ,;9arai«ak (fenneriythe Newash EeserTe)^«ae bf ttMsmaleet 
 
 T«|wisWp»Jn the f!»viiic(K k CwrwaMy iibiale^ tfis westeite rihweof Owen 
 
 IkHipdBagr* Thw r^g^ UJ^khai,tmaaag,hatk theiaiMhJ of Kappaltoxteiids 
 
 #^ ^aw«k and eoiiilmMi, with se^e broaksy nortbwarda at.« short diMiwM 
 
-20- • 
 
 from ih» shore. The toil in it$My goodt though in fom* fiaecs rather stony fer 
 eMy eultivatipn. Indian River rises in Bass Lake, Kepfiei, and flows 8.E. 
 ,j4i#gDnally through the Township* to S. Bay, abooi4 miles from the Town. 
 Sf rawah has two villages— Brooke and Presqu* Isle^ Brooke (pop. 760) at the 
 south ead« 1| miles from 0.8.^ cimtaias saw, planing and flour mills. Presqn' 
 Isle (p(^ IQQi) at t)ie extreme north is a beautiful sommer resort and a i»rt of 
 eallfpr stenpers trading in Georgian Bay. The PottawatfRiie, Biver forms 
 the boundary Una between Sarawak and Owen, Sound, f . i if '-M !• < *> > 
 
 ' ' St. ViNCBMT— (|iopi 8494, a^i^^fl^ <^ti88) was surveyed in 1888 by 
 Charies Bluikin Esq. The surface is generally rolliiig with sotnetimes long 
 and steep grades. A ratage of hills runnhig E. did W. across the Township, 
 liouth of Meaford ; a second range, mnidng N. and 8. along the b6<uidary be* 
 t#ton St; Vincent and Sydenhain ; and a third shcirt range (Hog's Back) in the 
 axtrema north running £. and W.'ahmg Georgian Bay are the principal uplands 
 fai the Township, Near Cap* Rich is Mountain LiUte, a favorite summer r^ 
 ami. The only viver «f importanee is the Big Heiid which passes through the 
 Towrnsh^ in* N. B, direction to Georgian Bay at Ifeaford. In the south end 
 the soil is claiv toaim and very inrodpetire ; '■ in thei noith heavy clay 'with some 
 kitaHi mii so productive ; in the ceirtral parts lighter clay with occaskmid sand 
 )^v«Q^»dbuunda. Aking the shore there ate oensideraUe stretches Cf stony land. 
 The villages ave Bayview,' Orie#stiUe and Centreville but they are smidi and 
 of liljde m^pdrtanea The Climaitev owhig to prioximity to the Bay, • is moderate 
 and tiier^te favorable for the growth of fruit, of i^ieh large quantities are 
 exfoKted.! ''-' i; ■•■'•• '^^ " .^iH«}*>'">'- ^ ■■• 
 
 '8t/lXtVAi^—(|xq)i 84^, acrMlge 73,106) was' surveyed in 1844, Charles 
 'kankbn l!sq., Isiyingf out tlii tiortherh part, and J. S. Dennis Esq., thesouthem 
 {Ikrti" TJie north '4esteiiu haff of Sulttvan is unduUting rather than M&y '; the 
 8(^ a'gtibd'cU^safllbiaii and average pro^uc- 
 
 tiiott.'' T^ iKMtii east half ^'i^ii^ iMid iapie hilly, bn^en by cedar swami« 
 and several small lakes ; the soil is gravdly and not so wdl cultivated except 
 in a feWaectionsl near Cbatswtnlii where 'Some of tha^ best farms in Stdlivim are 
 ito to. founds The Township is well waterjed by tiiiee riven t the Sabte in the 
 .west,' tiie Sydenham in tUe east mid •the.M. branch of the SiA^[e«n in this ^outh. 
 •TheviOhges ilie DcsberoV MooireBburg, Ksadijr, Peabody^ <Ohatsworth (ii^ pari) 
 •aid^WIUiamsfoid [idpart]. Dei^oro^! [p8|i.- 180] htailDttr; saw, fbttdi^'itld 
 
.' "/' •■■■ 
 
 !(,.' 
 
 V-A,. , h 
 
 ;■;■■:•., /v- ■ ' -21— 
 
 ■Kingto ^ntf, « 'Uiauufbrd [pop. 800] on the Qarafraxa Road, has floor, saw 
 and woollen milLi. Mooresburg [popi 100] nas saw and shingle mills. 
 
 Stdbnham— [pop. 8903, acreage 73,268] was surveyed by Chas. Rankin 
 Esq., in 1842 and '48. The surface of Sydenham presents considerable in- 
 equality. "A high upland separates Sydenham and St. Vincent; and the Town- 
 ship is traversed in its central part by a couple of rocky ridges [and a streak 
 of rocky land belonging to each] running N. E. and 8. W." Between these 
 ridges, the surface is undulating and in places hilly. The soil along the Bay 
 Shore, along the Lake Shore Road and in the Irish Block is clay loam and 
 well adapted for agricultural purposes. South of the gravel road the most pro- 
 ductive parts are about Bognor and Hoath Head. The other parts of the Township 
 are rocky or stony and are hence less productive. The southern part is drain- 
 ed by the Big Head River and its branches and the northern by several small 
 streams flowing into (Georgian Bay, The chief villages are Woodford (pop. 
 100) with saw and flour mills ; Bogfnor (pop. 200) with flour, saw and shingle 
 miUs ; Annan (pop. 100) with flour mill ; Leith with shin^e, saw and flour mills 
 and Hoath Head with a saw milL There are several other smaller villages. 
 Agricultural products, chiefly hay, stock and grain are the principal articles 
 
 These sixteen Townships, four Towns and two Villages comprising the 
 County of Grey aggregate altogether over 1,000,000 acres of land, thus form- 
 ing one of the largest organized counties in the Province^^. iftiau > .i '«yj( a.*>t». 
 
 The County is at present reinresented by six Members of Parliament- 
 three in the Provincial Legislature and three in the Federal or Dominion 
 Parliament. 
 
 The Electoral divisions for the two Houses are as follows : — 
 Fbdbral — North Grey, cominrising the Townships of Derby, Hdland, 
 Kepfoit Sarawak, Sullivan and Sydenham and the Town of Owen Sound; 
 East Grey, comprising the Townships of CoUingwood, Euphrasia, Melancthon 
 (in Dufferin Co.), Osprey, Proton and St Vincent, the Towns of Meaford and 
 Thornbury and the villages of Dfuidalkand Shelbume(out of Melancthon); 
 South Grey, comprising the Townships of Artemesia, Bentinck, Egremont, 
 Glenelg and Normanby,ihie Town of Durham and the Village of Markdale. 
 
 The census of ii^l gives the t(^ piqniation of these as follows :— North 
 Grey, 3Sf«W-; East Grey, 36,»4» ; Sddth Grey, I678OT. 
 
—22— 
 
 FROYINCIAL—North Of J, eomptiflfaif tbeTomuhipiof Keppcl, Sftr«w*k, 
 Derby, Syd^pham, St. Vincent, Aild the Town* of Owen Sound and Meaford ; 
 Oen^re Ore/, comprising the Townihips of CoUingwood, Osprej, Artemesia, 
 Euphrasia, Holland and Sullivan, tho Town of Thombury and the Village of 
 Markdale ; South Qrey comprising the Townships of Proton, Egremont, Nor. 
 mimby, QVsnelg and Bentinck, the Town of Durham and the Village of 
 
 ^°^***^- ■ ; 1..! ■,^iirs^.".(....f bad (Afun to 
 
 i. , ■■' ■ '■-■iU lV':;'t 'jU til jtiiiH •.,.' ■ • • ■ ;^':.,.1i^ ,!,•(. ..■■; 
 
 j ■■•■i.if) lis ,:,r<--, i:tYr.'(';i 'h,'7 'tiv »l''i;«r5 .^'MLttj?' I'.'.'h,, a '•<',■!■:. -.'t Ih'vF,, ;'(.,; ji^-iy 
 
 ,. , ,.,„•• . ,r • . ,>.^, ,,'". :.ti- .■^,•^,' i,. n .ii ..•>n}ii»io(„;y/':H?Hc..i)- ' - ■■;•.';■! M;-i,.h 
 
 1 , ^ ., . , ■ ■ ■ •■■'I' f.i . •/ ,,'i(..'r ■• m; 
 
 •i«i KnjK V'^ i)'» 
 
 
 ii.^r* d^iftj i i.Uil; 
 
 Looal Courts. 
 
 ,}-KHf ' lo 
 
 besides the County Court, Surrogate Court and Court of General Ses- 
 sions, the meetings of which are held in the County town, meetings of the 
 Ditision Court are held at the foBowfaiig places in the County :— 
 
 Where Cioarii held. 
 
 Name and P. O. Addreea of Clerk. 
 
 OwBN, Sound 
 Durham 
 Mbaford 
 (t^qi^tburt 
 
 Flbshbrton 
 
 'n ;.; ) ■ • • , ■'. 
 
 <^hat8wortr 
 
 Hanoybr 
 
 Markdalb 
 
 Benjamin Allen, Owen Sound. 
 David Jackson, Durham. 
 Thoma$]Plunkett, Meaford. 
 TJioioas J. Bofke, Henthcote. 
 
 Abraan S. Vanduaen, Flesherton, 
 
 John If cDonald| Clia|Bworth. 
 Diincaii Can^bell, Bi^mover. 
 1(ichard I,. Stephen, ICarkdaK 
 
-28— 
 
 " ' ■' ■ .li'sintij') ,.!, ■ i,yViV,'-Ai4u^ 
 
 The following i a il^Wthe official, of ^eSU^fg'M^^b^a^ 
 except the Warden and County Auditors may be caUed permanent officers, for 
 they are appointed during good behavior or "durmg pleaaure." The Warden 
 and Co. Auditors are appointed Anniudly, 
 
 The Warden, Ca Treasurer, Co, Cleric. Ca Auditors and PubUo School 
 Inspectors (see page 6) are appointed by the County Council ; the Judges by 
 the Governor-General of Canada acting under the advice of the Dominioi* 
 Government; the Governor or Keeper of the gaol by the Sheriff subject tq 
 ihe approval of the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, and the other officers y 
 by the Lieutenawt-Governor under the advice of the Provincial Government 
 
 ',,HtiWAB9KHt ..,m *,fejt!^<{J*ii GeorfBBinnieEsiitrfJ^M ^Htn^^ak^^Um-mk^' 
 '' ea TBBASnRinif 'kt-vjmtm. 8. J. Parked Esq.' ^''"^^'''^-'^^--^^^^'--Wwtf^ 
 Ca CLBKIt,'^ ■ ^'- ■ '■•^'^" '■■ '^^^ John Rutherford Esq.' '"^ ^*""«^^'' ^''""^ 
 
 . Co/aupitors: '"' '" j Robert Edmir 'Esq:' ''^•»''"''-J'!^^> 4 
 
 '• '■ ■ '■■ ~- ''■•^' '' /ThoB. BUnbory Esq/M'*- aiii nf ,.-v:>\:>M';'-> 
 
 Senior Co. Judob, John Creasor Esq. 
 
 ' Ji7Mios Co. JUDOB, ■■ ■• d. Mori-isoltt Esq. -' "'' ^^W'i^'*in<v> 
 
 Keeper of the Gaol, John Miller Esq. *"■*«**'«>] j« -' ^ -^' 
 '•SHERi^tV - ■, ./''■"^"■■'ChartesaMooreEi'^^-- ' ^ 
 
 C6. Court Clerk, Georgelnglis Esq. ' ' ' 
 
 Co. Crown Attorney, a. G. ^cKayEsq. 
 
 Clerk op THE PBAqB, Wm. Armstrong Esq. t 
 
 Be0I8TRA»lLa»B¥, Thomas. McKnight Esq. 
 
 Registrar 8. GREY, Thomas Lauder Esq. 
 
 
> ; 
 
 ' ' V, V. ■, '^ -:-".v^^" ■ -24- '- ■ ^■:\,. 
 
 Mode of Appoi&tfflont of Yarious other Officers. ^^ 
 
 Jasticea of the Peace, Police and Stipendiary Magistratea, Division 
 Oourt Clerlia, Bailiffs and Provincial Constables are appointed by the Lieuten- 
 ant-Governor in Council, t"^/;*'^ 
 
 One or more Coroners in and for every County, City and Town in the Prov- 
 ince of Ontario and for any provifional district or County, or for any portion of 
 the territory of Ontario, may be appointed by the Lieutenant-Qovemor when- 
 ever he thinks fit 
 
 Jurors for service at the several sessions of the Courts during the ensuing 
 year are selected by two Committees or Boards as follows : — First, a body of 
 men, known as "County Selectors," and composed of the Judge or Judges, the 
 Mayor of a city if any in the county, the Warden, the Treasurer, the Sheriff 
 or in his absence the Deputy Sheriff shall meet annually on the Ifith day of 
 September for the purpose of determining the number of Jurors both Grand 
 ahd Petit and for the High Court and Inferior Courts respectively, to be re> 
 turned for each Municipality in such county. 
 
 Secondly, Another body of men composed of the Mayor or Reeve, the city, ' 
 town, village or township Clerk, and the Assessor or Assessors shall assemble 
 annually on the 10th day of October, to select by ballot from the list of those 
 qualified as shown by the Voter's Lists, the number of Jurors both Grand and 
 Petit required for the respective courts by the County Selectors. 
 
 An alphabetical list of th^ na^nes of those selected is then sent by the 
 Selectors in the several municipalities to the Clerk of the Peace for the 
 county. ^ .t.i,ft'io*«;nl>ml^i,. ., ■ i npmt^H 
 
 Constables are of four classes or kinds here distinguished according to 
 mode of appointment. ,,^^,,g-K^,U */• 
 
 1. County High Constables and Co. Constables appointed by the Justices 
 of the Peace at any sitting or adjourned sitting of the Court of General, Ses- 
 sions, such appointment to continue at least for one year, and from year to year 
 unless the appointee claims exemption in which case he shall lie released at any 
 time after the end of the first year. These Constables may also be appointed 
 by County Judges subject to notification by tho Judge to the Clerk of the Peace 
 and by the Clerk of the iPeace tq the Court of Genei;!^ Sessions. 
 
■ • , 'i''.. ■■ ■, ' '•■'.,'■>■, '"■,>;• ■ ' ■' ■ -- 
 
 A Temporary Com tablai, Appointed by « eoanty or diitriot PoUo« Magi* 
 strata, to hold office for not more than thirty dayi, and lubjeot to immediate 
 notification to the Provincial Secretary— the appointment may be revoked by 
 the Magistrate or Provincial Secretary within the thirty days. 
 
 8. Provincial Constables, appointed by the Lieutanant-Governor, either 
 permanently or for such a period as he may think fit. such constables to bave 
 authority to act in any part of the Province. The Lientonant-Oovemor may 
 also appoint Oonstables for any onorganised territory in the Province. >■'«> 
 
 4. Special Constables appointed by any two or more Justices of the Peace, 
 for any emergency that may arise, to hold office for such time as to the said 
 Justices seems necessary for the preservation of the pablie peace or for the 
 protection of the inhabitanta and the security of property in such territory or 
 place during such emergency. 
 
 >^ All members of the House of Commons and of the Legislative Assemb^ 
 are elected directly by the people by ballot. Members of Municipal Coon* 
 eils, vis : Mayors and Aldermen in Cities ; Mayors, Reeves ar I Councillors in 
 Towns ; and Beeves and CouuciUors in Villages and Townships are elected an> 
 nually in the same way. Deputy Beeves are sometimes elected as such 
 directly by the people and sometimes by the Councils of which they are mem* 
 bers. The other Municipal officers are the Clerk, the Treasurer, the Auditors, 
 the Assessor,and the CoUector. These are appointed by the Councils,— Clerks 
 and Treasurers during the pleasure of the Council, Auditors, Assessors and 
 Collectors annually. 
 
 6f 
 
^fl6- 
 
 ->v»'^''-l- j'Amtikti "iii^^^sji^afj >!..vii 
 
 ,)M5sJi?il?.-JJ-, 
 
 •r?#, 
 
 Q of Distances. 
 
 
 The fUknnng ti^ble showing the distance of each jdace named from OwMi 
 Saand^th»^Coonty Town,may be found. iisefoL Only approximate aoouracy is 
 claimed . for it^ but it is belieyed that meet of the distances are correct to within 
 A mile. The distance given is along the nearest open road, not *'as the crow 
 flies/' nor that given in Bailwagr 7(Mers. For ease of reference the , {daces 
 'ate i^en- alpbabetioaUy. . io.i-oH?m.c'?.,r:!|,';^ti ■«- .v n-wrr-- i-f.<'i*ra ;..:-- ■.-■>»;., 
 
 Plaoe 
 
 AUanford 12 
 
 Allan Park...... 84 
 
 Annan .ii^iM /s.* ^ 
 
 Ayton: 44 
 
 Berkeley ^20 
 
 doghor 16 
 
 Brookhokn 1 J 
 
 Cedarville .51 
 
 ChatSWfMrtk 9 
 
 Clarksburg.,... 28 
 
 Desboro'!.! 17 
 
 t)brnoch .;...; 19 
 
 Dromore 42 
 
 Dundalk 42 
 
 Durham 28 
 
 Elmwood ^33 
 
 Eugenia 35 
 
 Feversham 42 
 
 Flesherton 8(r 
 
 Hanover 8* 
 
 Heathoote 30 
 
 HoUand Centre 16 
 
 Holstein 38 
 
 Hopeville 43 
 
 Ready 12 
 
 Kemble 11 
 
 Kilsyth 7 
 
 Kiuiberley 36 
 
 Lamlash .'!,....... 32 
 
 Lauriston 25 
 
 Louise 28 
 
 Markdale 26 
 
 Maxwell 39 
 
 Meaford . . . . i '.T; 19 
 
 Mooresbiurg 20 
 
 Mclntyre . , . . . 45 
 
 Neustadt 45 
 
 North Keppel... ...... 18 
 
 Orchard 36 
 
 Oxenden 18 
 
 Priceville 35 
 
 Proton Statiou 38 
 
 Presqu'Isle 9 
 
 Ravenna 34 
 
 Rob Roy 45 
 
 Rocklyn 28 
 
 8halk>w Lake 9 
 
 Strathaven 16 
 
 Thornbury 27 
 
 Traverston 28 
 
 Walter's FaUs 23 
 
 Wareham 43 
 
 Wflliamsfurd 14 
 
 Woodford... 10 
 
The Oonstitution of both Houses of Parliament, Federal and Provlneial, is 
 sat fortli in the British North. America Act, 1867, a copy of which should be iu 
 the.liaads of every teacher. Sections, 91, 92 and 98, which specify the powwrs 
 of the Federal Parliament and the Provincial Le^latures respectively shoold 
 be carefully noted and at least some of the more important taugiht.in every 
 school A few SMtiojw 1^9 h^re dyeaibr t,hp tene^t pf,tl^0B9,>fli,o, ^ve not a 
 
 copy of the Act. •ri-> •-"-.'.:.' ■-• --^ :-. -.^^■■>M' -■'■■. wJ'^-.'iK.-^-':- -,;A.-\ ■>■■-■•■ ..'^.k^-: :■■ 
 
 < Sec 9. The Executive Government and Authority of and over Canada is 
 , thereby declared to continue and be vested in the Queen.' '' ; v {1* ?'^ 
 
 Sec. 15. The Command-in-Chief of the Land and Naval Militia, and of 
 all Naval and Military Forces, of and in Canada, is hereby declared to con- 
 tinue and.be vjssted in the Queen. ^^,.„^;^^t-,^:.^|.„^/j^.|^:.;,;,;L ',:;,.,:v-.''fvt,^^^;:f ' .> 
 
 Sec. 17. There shall bo One Parliament for Ciinada, consisting of tl^e ' 
 Queen, an Uj^r House styled the Senate, and the House of Commons. 
 
 The Qovemor-Gtoneral is appointed by,and is the representative of the Queen 
 The Senate shall consist of Seventy-two Members, and not more than 
 
 Seventy-eight (Sec. 28) who shall be styled Senators, and who shall, subject to 
 
 certain provisions, hold their places in the Senate for life (Sec. 29). Senators . 
 
 are appointed by the Oovernor-Cteneral in the Queen's name, by Instrument 
 
 ioiider the Great Seal of Canada (Sec. 24). 
 
 Sec. 34. The Governor-Qeneral may from Time to Time, by Instrument 
 under the Great Seal of Canada, appoint a Senator to be Speaker of the Senate^ 
 and may remove him and appoint another in his stead. 
 
 Sec. 37. The House of Commons shall, subject to the Provisions of thi^ 
 Act', consist of One hundred and eighty-one Members, of whom Eighty-two 
 shall be elected for Ontario, Sixty-five for Quebec, Nineteen for Nova Scotia, 
 and Fifteen for New Brunswick. itw: 
 
 The Governor-General shall summon and call together the House of Com- 
 mons (Sec. 38). ;: 4 I > 
 
 The House of Commons, on its first assembling after a General Election, 
 shall e«eet«Be of its Mettbers to be Speaker, who shall preside at all its meet- 
 
mgB(8ec. 44aiid46). ' ^ ■■■■•• ' ■ ■- . .>>^:, >;jvi?*M- 
 
 Sec. 60. Every House of CkmuiuHU shall continue for I'ive Tears from 
 the day of the Betom of the Writs for choosing the House (suhjectto he sooner 
 dissdved bf the Qoremer-Oeneral) and 90 longer. 
 
 There shall be a rea4justinent of the Members of the House, after the 
 completion of each decennial Census (the last in 1891), to take e£F«ct at the 
 termination of the then existing Parliament. In mi^^ting such readjustment, 
 the two foUowing Rules (Sec. 61) nuunly govern : — : ?*# :fmi,^ti--iM^mm^.i^^^^^ 
 
 1. Quebec shall have the fixed Number of Sixty-five Members ; ^^^'^" 
 
 -■-•*^ 
 
 ■ 1)1 
 
 2 There shall be assigned to each of the other Provinces such a number 
 of Members as will bear the same Proportion to the Number of its Population 
 (ascertained at such Census) as the Number Sixty-five bears to the Number of 
 the Population of Quebec (so ascertained). •! -* ft> •^'^fr > ? ' ^ ^ 
 
 Sec. 68. For each Province there shall be an Officer, styled the Lieu- 
 tenant-Gk)vernor, appointed by the Govemor^<}eneraI in Council by Instrument 
 under the Oreat Seal of Canada. ' ■ ' '^^ •* "■'■■■^''\ ' **• ^ '• ' 
 
 A Lieutenant-Governor holds office for five years except for cause 
 when he is removable 1^ the Governor-General in Council (Sec. 69). 
 
 Sec. 60. The Salaries of the Lieutenant-Governors shall be fixed and pro- 
 vided by the Parliament of Canada. 
 
 . , Sec. 69. There shall be a Legislature for Ontario, consisting of the Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor and of One House, styled the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. 
 
 By Sections ?7 and 70, the Legislative AssemUv of Ontario was composed 
 of eighty-two members. Ey the last Revised Statutes of Ontario (1887) the 
 number of Electoral Districts was made eighty-eight, eighty-seven of which 
 returned one member each and the eighty-eighth,Toronto, returned three Mem- 
 bers, making in all at present ninety members. 
 
 Every Legislative Assembly of Ontario shall continue for four years (sub- 
 ject to dissdution by the Lieutenant-Governor) and no longer (Sec 86). 
 
 Sec 96. The Governor-General shall appoint the Judges of the Superior, 
 District and County Courts in each Province, except those of the Courts of 
 Probate in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. 
 
 Seo. 99. The Judges oMhe SuperkHr Courts shall hold office during good 
 
? -29- 
 
 behavior, bat ahaU be removed by the Gorernor-General on addreM of the 
 SenAte and House of CoimnoiM. 
 
 The following extract from Boarioot'a Conrtntional Hiitoiy uf Canada, pi 
 172, emphasiMs a fact of supreme impcMrtance to every true Canadian. •The 
 \ independence of the judiciary has been for veiy many years recogniied in 
 Canada, as one of the fundamental principles necessary to the conservation of 
 pubUc liberty. The judges are not dependent on the mere will of the executive 
 in any essential respect, nor on the caprice of the people of a province for their 
 nomination and retention in office, as in many of the states of the American 
 repubUc. Their tenure is as assured in Canada as in England, and their sal- 
 aries are not voted annuaUy, but are charged permanently upon the civU list. 
 In case it is necessaiy to provide a salary, or increase of saUr7, for a judge, 
 the proper coarse is for the government to proceed by bilL" 
 
 
.BHom«rMs> 'h tfmoH bus. aimoH 
 
Index. 
 
 ^■r^-r 
 
 .,tfi1- 
 
 •il-'*. 
 
 Adamstown, 
 
 Alsfeldt, 
 
 Altitude of Countji i , 
 
 Annan, ",-, V . ■ 
 
 Appendix, 
 
 Appointment of Officers, 
 
 Artemesia, 
 
 Attorney, Co., 
 
 Auditors, Co., 
 
 Aux Sable River, 
 
 Ayton 
 
 Badjeros, 
 
 Bailiffs. 
 
 Bass Lake, 
 
 Bay Shore, 
 
 Bay View, 
 
 Beatty Saugeen, 
 
 Beaver River, 
 
 Beaver Valley, 
 
 Bentinck, 
 
 Berkeley, 
 
 Big Head River, 
 
 Blue Mountains, 
 
 Bognor, 
 
 Boundaries, 
 
 Bourinot Dr., Extract from. 
 
 f!''i!'ili;j 
 
 Page. 
 13 
 
 2, 19 
 21 
 27 
 24, 25 
 13 
 23 
 
 J'lllH', 
 
 Boyne River, 
 British N. A. Act, 
 Brooke, 
 Cape Rich, 
 Cedarville, 
 Centreville, 
 Chatsworth, 
 Clarksburg, 
 Clerk, County, 
 Clerk, Co, Court, 
 Clerk of Peace, 
 Clerks, Division Court, 
 Collegiate Institute, 
 Collingwood, 
 Colpoy's Bay, 
 /Commodore, Cape, 
 Commons, Menabers of. 
 Constables, 
 Coroners, 
 County Buildihgs, 
 County Court, 
 Coimty Officials, 
 
 8 
 
 ■'•■"'", 18 
 
 19 
 
 24 
 
 '■:■■ 8 
 
 21 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 ■'■ ::"2l 
 
 'i- ■ 1 
 
 29 
 13 
 
 ;'■" .27 
 
 20 
 20 
 19 
 20 
 16 
 14 
 23 
 23 
 23 
 22 
 6 
 14 
 18 
 17 
 26 
 24, 25 
 24 
 3 
 22 
 23 
 
 \ 
 
 Page, 
 
 Courts. Local, 
 
 0. P. RaUway, 
 
 Craigleith, " * 
 
 Crown Attorney, 
 
 Cuckoo Valley, 
 
 Derby, 
 
 DesbOro, 
 
 Distances, Table of, 
 
 DiVlsioii Courts, 
 
 Dornoch, 
 
 Dromore, 
 
 Dufferin, 
 
 Dundalk, 
 
 Durham, 
 
 Durham Br. G. T. R., 
 
 Durham Road, 
 
 Educational, 
 
 Egremont, 
 
 Electoral Divisions, 
 
 Elmwood, 
 
 Epping, 
 
 Eugenia, 
 
 Eugenia Falls, 
 
 Euphrasia, 
 
 Federal Districts, 
 
 Federal Parliament, 
 
 Feversham, ' ' 
 
 Flesherton, 
 
 Flesherton Station, 
 
 Oaoler, 
 
 Oarafraxa, 
 
 General Sessions, 
 
 Georgian Bay & Lake Erie 
 
 Georgian Bay & Wellington 
 
 Gleason Creek, 
 
 Glenelg, 
 
 Goring, 
 
 Grand Trunk Ry., ' ■ 
 
 Grand River, 
 
 Gravel Roads, 
 
 Griersville, 
 
 Hanover, 
 
 Hay>/ard'8 Falls, 
 
 Heathcote, 
 
 Hepworth, 
 
 Hesse, 
 
 High Schools, 
 
 History, Early, 
 
 ■j' ■'■■^••'rt 
 
 r 
 
 14 
 23 
 16 
 14 
 
 16 
 16 
 
 la 
 
 12 
 10 
 5 
 6 
 16 
 21 
 14 
 16 
 13 
 8 
 16 
 21 
 21 
 19 
 IS 
 13 
 23 
 2, 4 
 22 
 Ry., 10 
 Ry., 10 
 18 
 16 
 16 
 10 
 a, 19 
 4 
 20 
 13 
 7 
 
 H 15 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
A 
 
 / 
 
 INDEX, —Continued. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Hoatb Head, 22 
 
 Hog's Back, 19, 20 
 
 Holland, 16 
 
 Holland Centre, u 
 
 Holatein, 1( 
 Home District, 
 
 HopevUle, 1^ 
 
 Houses of Parliament, 21, 27 
 
 Huckleberry Marsh, 18 
 Indian River, 8, 14, 20 
 Inglis' Falls, '^ ' 8 
 
 Inspectoral Divisions, ■ 6 
 
 Irish Block, 21 
 
 Judges, 23 
 
 Jurors, 24 
 
 Justices of Peace, 24 
 
 Keady, 20 
 
 Kemble, 18 
 
 Keppel, 17 
 
 Kilsyth, 13 
 
 Kimberle;^, 15 
 
 Knechtel Furniture Ca, 1^3 
 
 Lake Shore Road, 3 
 
 Legislature, Provincial, 21 
 
 Leith, 21 
 
 Local Courts, 22 
 
 Luueburg, S 
 
 Mad River,. 9 
 
 Magistrates, 24 
 Markdale, ,12 
 
 Massie, 17 
 
 Maxwell, 19 
 
 Meaford, 11 
 
 Malancthon. 2 
 
 Members of Parliameni, 21 
 
 Mooreiburg, 20 
 
 Mountain Lake, 20 
 
 Municipalities, 10 
 
 Municipal Officers, 23, 25 
 
 Nassau, 3 
 
 Neustadt, 18 
 
 Newash Reserve, 3, 19 
 
 Normanby, 18 
 
 Northern Business College, 6 
 
 Northern Railway, 9 
 
 Northern Road,. 6 
 
 North Keppel, 18 
 
 Nottawa, 9 
 
 Nottawasaga R., 2, 14 
 Officials, Appointment of, 23, 25 
 
 Officials, County, ■^ 
 
 Orchardville, 
 
 Osprey. 
 
 Owen»8ound, 
 
 Br. C. P. R., 
 Br. G. T. R., 
 
 Oxenden, 
 
 Park Head, 
 
 Parliament, Members of, 
 
 Peabody, 
 
 Peace, Clerk of. 
 
 Physical Features, 
 
 Police Magistrates, 
 
 Police Villages, 
 
 Portland Cement, 
 
 Position of Co., 
 
 Pottawatamie R.. 
 
 Presqu' Isle, 
 
 Pretty R., 
 
 Priceville, 
 
 Proton, 
 
 Provisional Council, 
 
 Provincial Legislature, 
 
 .Provincial Ridings, 
 
 Queen's Valley, 
 
 Railways, 
 
 Ravenna, 
 
 Registrars, 
 
 Registry Office, 
 
 Rich, Cape, 
 
 Rivers, 
 
 Rob Roy, 
 
 Rocklyn, 
 
 Rocky Saugeen, 
 
 Sable R., 
 
 Sarawak, 
 
 Saugeen R., 
 
 Scenery, 
 
 Selectors of Jurors, 
 
 Settlement of Co., 
 
 Shallow Lake, 
 
 Sheriff, 
 
 Singhampton, 
 
 Stipendiary Magistratei^ 
 
 Stour R., 
 
 Stratford & Huron Ry., 
 
 St Vincent, ^ 
 
 Strathaven, 
 
 Sullivan, 
 
 Surface of Ca, 
 
 10. 
 
 Page. 
 
 22 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 18 
 
 W 
 
 21 
 
 20 
 
 28 
 
 J 
 
 24 
 
 10 
 
 17 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 20 
 
 IS 
 19 
 
 3 
 28 
 22 
 14 
 
 9 
 14 
 23 
 12 
 20 
 
 7 
 19 
 15 
 15 
 
 8 
 19 
 2,7 
 
 1 
 24 
 
 2 
 17 
 23 
 19 
 
 ^ 
 li8 
 10 
 20 
 
 7, 
 
 1 
 
■ »'i*i ' ^^f\ ,,? {, \, INDEX.— Concluded. 
 
 Surveys, early, 
 
 Surrogate Court, 
 
 Sydenham, 
 
 Table of Diatanceiii 
 
 Thombury, 
 
 Toronto Grey & Bruce Ry., 
 
 Toronto Line, •, 
 
 Towns, 
 
 Township, 
 
 Townships, List of, 
 
 Traverston, 
 
 Treasurer, Co., 
 
 
 r?y:. 
 
 
 t^Mi4^£^t ^^V/ 
 
 x^a \> tj «j A^ juxJt 
 
 
 Pag* 
 
 
 P»ge. 
 
 2 
 
 VaU's Point, 
 
 1 
 
 22 
 
 ViUages, 
 
 12 
 
 21 
 
 Walter's Falls, 
 
 17 
 
 26 
 
 Warden, 
 
 98 
 
 12 
 
 Wardens, List of, 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 Wareham, 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 Waterloo District, 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 Wiarton Br. 0. T. R, 
 
 10 
 
 13 
 
 WUHamsford, 
 
 20,21 
 
 4 
 
 WiUiams' Lake, 
 
 8 
 
 IG 
 
 Woodford, 
 
 21 
 
 23 
 
 Yeovil, 
 
 16 
 
 ." t/,i 
 
 I A 
 
 ( i ' 
 
 
 ..,1 
 
 i 
 
 
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