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This item is fiimsd at the reduction ratio checked below / Ce document est film* au taux de rMuctlon indiqui ciru the Htteptioii of the peuple t>f Ontario for » number uf yeara, during which linie augiir >ieuu, in amall |Mtchea, have been Kruwn probably in every county of the earlier aettled p«>rtiona of the Province. Seed haa been received by our farmers either fmm leed atorea or from capitnliatH or othen intereated in the establiahment of the lieet augar induatry in Ontnrio. It haa been planted, and the crop cultivated much aa farinera commonly plant and cultivate rout croi>a grown to teed atook. Numeruua anmplea, containinK from one to live riMita enoh, have lieen forwarded to our chemical laboratory and analysed, the reaulta of which have been publiHhed from time to time in our annual reporta. In the yeara 1889, 1890. 1891, I8W and 18»ft, 2«, 117, 32, 40 and 8!) aamplea of augar l>eet» reHi»ectivuly were received and analyzed, out of which only 3, 68, 20, 25 and 30 aamplea, reaiiectively, contained 12 per cent, or over of angar in beet and co- etticient of purity of 80; or, in other wr>rda, 158 aamplea out of 304, or practically 52 per cent., wore too inferior in (|uality for factory purpoaea. Theae infeiior reaultH were due entirely to a lack of knowledge on the farmers' part of the conditiona of planting, manuring, cultivating, etc., needed to produce both <|uality <)f beet and yield. The object of the tugar l)eet experimenta conducted thia year ia, firat, to ascertain the (juality and the yield of beeta that may be obtained from ouraoil un'.er proper conditiona of planting, manuring, cultivating, etc., and aecoiidly, to givi'^ object leaaona in growing sugar beeta for factory purpoaea. My report will show beyond any ahadow of doubt that the aoil and climate of extenaive portiona of Ontario are admirably adapted to the growth of augar beuta of high i|uality and ^onnage. It waa in responae to numerous and preaaing re<|ue8t8 that the Hoii. .John Dryden, Minister of Agriculture, decided to direct that these experimenta be enn- ' " 'I. Among the reiiueats was one worthy of special mention. I refev to that Canadian Sugar Beet Syndicate, Limited, of Glasgow. Scotland, by whom, _n their Secretary, Mr. William James Stewart, proposala were received to • free four pounds of beet seed to every one of fifty farmers in the neighbor- of Aylmer, KIgin Co., to every one of fifty farmera in the vicinity of the town . vVellr.nd, and to offer to etu;h place six prizes of glill. (125. 820. $15, 4IQ and 8.~> in consideration that the partiea receiving the seed would plant the same upon one- (Uarter of an acre and cultivate under the directions of the Ontario Agricultural College. Further, the syndicate proposed giving the aum of ^240 in paymtnt of certain inspection of these beet plots. The people about Newmarket, York Co., also made application to the (»oveni- ment to have a augar beet experiment conducted in their aection. No other place making application, our sugar beet experiments were confined, therefore, to the above three neighborhoods, namely. Newmarket, Aylmer and Welland. Mesara. D. H. Price and W. S. Caron. of the town of .-Aylmer, Elgin Co., early in March laat arranged for the appointment of a committee to accure the names tif fifty farmers to whom seed would he given conditionally that the directions f(ir cultivation would be closely followed. Receiving advice from the above gentlemen that the names of fifty farmera who desired seed had been secured, I mailed them T on April 12th oiwolw I«tt«n of information for di»tribttllon »mo«| tb«j« f»rrom todiriJltSm in th. -I^rtion and cultivation of thair plot. int.nd«! for augar **•' Mr. A. Orifflth«, of th« town of W.IUnd. Uk.wi- •"•"f^',::^'!" ^IT.^ for th« appointuitnt of a ooromlttM to Mour. th. nam., of "tf^'*™"".^ /£"" i^d wouW be Biren upon th. wme condition, aa in Ajlmer. 7?"^. '»r"»« "T^ ^ivld that th. name, of fifty .uiubl. farmer, had been MK,ur«l, I llk.wl« ma.lad - Figure 1 U a patch belonging to Mr. D. dole. Southead P.O.. WellMid Co.. pbotoRnphed jurt after tbiBBingTbeing obc month after date of pUntiBff. him, upon Um IStb of April, » number of th* abor* oiitulws, for diatributiim MBons the farmtn of Waltoad wh • wer* to rtMiv* Mcd. ^^ •> Tlw Mvd forwudad by lh« >>•»▼• CMUwliMi Sunr H*ndimt« of OlMgcw for tb» •iparimMto in Ajlmtt and WdUnd wm purvhaMd in CtrmMiy, Mid ia thalKltin- wMulabwrElita. -*-»» On April Mtb I uddraaaad a roaatina of tha farmart of Ajrimar, to whom'aaad WM promiMd, on tha anbjaot 'Tha OuTtiTatiun of Sugar Baata," at tha oltiaa nf which tha taad, in four pound paekagaa, waa ttiatributad. During tha follfiwing Fignn 2 thowi a b«et York, plantad on tha . b«et pat->h belonfing to 0. E. Lnndy, Newmarket P.O., County of 13th of ^ *y, and photographed aboat the 14th of Jnly. five days every plot was inspected by a competent paity to see that each plot selected was suitable and properly r itivateti, and that the seed was planted at the time and in the manner required. In Wetland on April 2dth, I addressed a similar meeting on the above subject, aft which the seed was delivered, the plots inspected, etc., as at Aylmer. At the time of the above inspection of the plots, a copy of a special bulletin,. iwrimant, the \»en\ iiuxnUr ft* North T«>r». ine mm. Figar. 8 U • pbotogijrh of - J "l.^^^L'SSd'^y In July. Mr. tewo, at the time which were pUnt^n M«y ?' VoAjbST^U. *' Hm '"7 «"»«'' •»'«•"••<* •* ^J?" ^'S?' of harvert ng his beeU eBrljr in ^°*«™°*' J^r^M •• In the b»ckgrounci are tMnding Mr. I will h.ve over ..Ten ton. '«"" » ^^"»'^' Me»r. Price «d OaSSi ol tb. town oj Aylmer. irSrot'r'SiH- «o'Sr.:dTp&^^^^^ cUm^te to the .»,.r beet indu.try. Crown Land., arranged ^'- .neeting of the^anne^^^^^ ^oS'' T^hii^nS" the town of Newmarket at two ««»?«)' ""^ J^^^.J"^^^ a su^ar beet called at the re^ue.t of the people for the p^^^^^^ ^ „, esperiment, was attended ''y ». ""^Xi^lolun^red to plant sugar beet seed, in. mwliattly diatributad in two or four pound lott miionii f<>tt}-flv« fRrmtni, whoM ptota w«ff* inaiMoUd and who rvMivwl o. im« eld. Mr. ner, y- d in ing, beet 1 of d, I im- tF ^fTure 4 ii a photogrxDh of a mott maanlfialent patch of beeta belooffiofr to Mr. J. M. y»»» Patter, Luton P.O., Kl^ia Co. Tnis photograph ihowi Mr. Van Patter and three of hia bright little boyi eagerly wattinR for an opportunity t > caltivaU beeta for an Ayliner Sutjar Beet Factory. Ula |)atcb yielded, net weight, 30 tona, B81 Iba. of be. '.a at a coat of a3t>.40 per acre. ^^coring cunHisted in allowing for a perfectly clean jwttch 5, for a well pulverized surface condition of the soil 6, for an entirely full atand of plants in the rows 6, and for straight rows drilled on the Hat exactly twenty-one inches apart 6, making a maximum of 20 marks for this second inspection. The object of scoring was two- fold : first to impress every experimenter with the fefi'ing that he was under obliga- tion to clotely follow instructions; secondly, to ran' each in view of ascertaining who shall be entitled to prizes. 8 In the Mme manner and for the nme purpose every patch at WeUand and at Nwmarket was inspected and scored, the former between May 30th and June 2nd, and the latter between the 8th and 11th of June. The third inspection of every patch in the above three places was made be- tween August 22nd and September 7th, a time when the ground should be well hidden by the expanding and interlacing foliage, which was then beginning to turn faintly yellow. At this third inspection the beet plote were again scored with the same two-fold object as in the second inspection. Scoring at this time consisted iQ allowing for a perfectly clear patch 6, for thorough singling, that is, the plants thinned in the row to a distance o* 7 inches apart and only one plant in a place, 5 ; for general appearance, by which is meant a full, thrifty crop covering the around entirely, 10 ; making a maximum of 20. CoLLKCTiNo Sampler and Estimating Yields. Five men at Aylmer, five at WeUand and four at Newmarket, all of whom had best plota and were so favorably situated that the entire number of plots could be reached in one day, were appointed Assistant- Inspector* to collect samples and to supenntend the pulling of beeto to estimate yield. Before entering upon their work these Assistant-Inspectors were required to make declaration before a com- missioner as a guarantne of honest work and to place them above suspicion. To illustrate, the declaration ot Assistant- Inspector Joshua Sisler and Exhibit "A" are here given : 10 Dominion of Canada, Province of") In the matter of Sugar Beet Experiments Ontario, County of Elgin, V directed by the Ontario Agricultural College To Wit : J during the year 1900. I, Joshua Sisler, of the Township of Malahide, in the County of Eluin. farmer, do 8ole.nnIy declare that I will well andfaithfullyperformthedutiesof Assistant- Inspector of the said Sugar Beet Experiments as set forth in the paper writing hereto at- tached marked exhibit "A" to this my declaration, in the manner and form and at the times set forth in the said paper writing, and as more fully explained to me by the director of the said experiments, without favor or partiality to anyone what- ever. And I make this solemn declaration conscientiously believing it to be true, and knowing that it is of the same force and effect as if made under oath and bv virtue of "The Canada Evidence Act, 1893." Declared before me at the Town of Aylmer, in the County of Elgin, this 29th day of Sep- tember, A.D., 1900. (Sgd.) E. A. Miller, a Commis.sioner, etc } (Sgd.) J. SISLER. EXHIBIT "A" Ontakio Aoriccltural College. GuKLPH, OsT., September 15th, 1900. Dear Sir,— Enclosed please find a list of ten names of farmers who are crow- ing sugar beets, and frora whom we want samples of beets for chemical analysis You will also find enclosed a bunch of labels and a form for making declaration after which please return the same to me as a guarantee that you vrill collect sam- ples of beets without favor to anyone. I want the first sample collected on the 20th day of this month and shipped that same evening to my address. SimiUrly we wuit lamplM collected on three or four other dates, of which you will receive due notice, ifppn one of these date., in ^Idition to lifting the Jm" pie., we want you to suMrviw the lilting of all the beet, in a portion of one "w. '^jl^TJ^&^^^tt^X."''^ At the conclusion of these trips we will ^t of bag., kbels, exprew, etc., will be paid by us. we presume that you will be good enough to undertake this work. Directwtis. 1. Purchase cheapest Main b-igs in number corresponding to the number of samples that you have to collect. * "umoer oi ,.11 ^mnl'IDT"*'® !5'*^ '"•*''"' •""'P'nR' ™>n or shine, ii order that you may collect a "r" or' rr^ raZT '*^- ^* "^ ^^^ "™« '"" ^^p^^^ *»••'- ^^^ *•»« ^Th«~iYT "~''»'"8 *•»! P'jtchof beets, look for a row marked by one stick. . nTtiM? T «>" contammg two sticks placed 60 feet or more apart ; this row i„Z ,!> »^ '°"°'»fl»* P"««°t ) Begin near the stick ; pull ten beete juLt as they hZ? /„ f^ '■°TV*t''u"f ^'•\°«V**' *'"*'' "ff *«P«: P"' them in a bag (tops and allT drop in the right labef, tie the bag, place it in your wagon and drive o^to repeat S!C:7«^" ""'^"•^ '.*'",•')! I' *'" "'.^ your samples a7e collect^ You wiU n^ ^.hJJIy^^ ^f "7^^' **» ''^*, ****** *'*'»'*"' '"•«»''>»« off top"- Be sure that the rn?t„ffcl J!lf '"^k" *" !r^^'°P? "P"." '^•''°'' » ^"t*«° thi^number correspond mg to the label number, is dropped in the bag ^ neceLH^^^uth^T "^ ^^iu M*T«^*' ""'"8 "*"* «' other material if necewa^ to fill the box in order that the beete are not jolted and bruised 5. Dnve that same evening to the nearest G. T. R. or C. P. R. station and express your box of beetato A. E. Shuttleworth, O. A. C, Guelph. Form of Label. Number — 1 A. Township— Malahide. Tops and clean beets— 10 lbs. 14 ozs. Clean beets— 7 lbs. 12 ozs. Green tops— 3 lbs. 2 ozs. Tared Beets— 7 lbs. 1 oz. Number — 1 A. No. of Beets— 10. Date of pulling— 26th September. Brix 18.6 at 18 0. Sugar in Juice— 16.1. Sugar in Beet — mailed ?nfh A • f fj ^°' '=""«<=t;ng samples, labels, numbered and dated, were f iff. • K ^^'^tant Inspectors who enclosed them with their resi.ective samples of beets in bags. Upon the receipt of the bags at the College the beets and laUls rnT^.?Z7' '^^'*^' Vl**"""? T'^h ^'"""^^^ °ff ' weighed (tops and aU; topped and weighed again to get the weight of clean beets. By difference the weieht of green tops are determined. In . he earlier stages of growth the tops L heaTShan mature Th«r«n^ ^''''"'' ""^T'^l? '\'''^' *^"^ '^"^ «me the beets begin to Mt\t IlltZ' ^^ ^l *"'"*• '^^^ ^^^ ^«'8^t of the 'bottoms forms of the ZTl I bottoms and tops together is of value as an indication of the degree of maturity reached at any date in the early stages of ripening l-igure 6 shows a sample of beets brushed and ready to weigh ; figure 6 shows ?8hT« T^'^ **""' "^r ^r, been removed) weighed « cleaif b^ets^^^and figure wmJ^U^'^IT^t^"^ ^^" beete with the crowns and rootlets removed, Tf Mr r 4^ ^^- T'^t * m ""^ '^'"P'* ''" "^'*«^ on October 4th, from the plot of Mr G. A. Summers, of the Township of Malahide, Elgin Co The weight of !i^™?"''"' 7" ^!;,*' P"' •'?°'- "L*»'« ''°^''*««d "^ight of the tops and clJI^t^u of puritv of 87 i Th? M- K-""** ^^i^^ '•"u'i- °^ ^'"^'^ '"" J"'*=«' «">*» » co-efficient .fXrLte?n«5a?d'|^Mrto'r*""" ''"^"' ^'^ '""^ '^'''''' «"*'»''>'«'' 10 Upon September 20th October *th -d 18th Njem^^ from iu the P^tc^e* *\-^y»"" *"J ^S^Lr l^HnBI^to" .t N were -jsrto^X??^^^^^^^^^^^ n^rcirth^;:^ «- ^^^^^^^^^^ *- . in Fi. 7, and then analyzed. Fig.-,. F'K-fi- '•■'^^• Per Cent, ok Siuak and Co-ekficient ok Puhity in Beet JrirE. Every beet of * tared .an.ple (See Fi,J)was^^^^^^^ two or four parts, and one of the half . r ^"^J^^^^"™ fa'^^^h the hand-grating to make up the sample for ana ysiB. .^''^^f.'fP t^.^Dub resenibling grated home- machine (A Fig 8). which ^^^^''Zr^l^f^Zledin^^Soi^^ot^^^ was placed radish. The whole of 'J.^ P" P;X"u,W tL entire amount of the fuiSVhTh wTXtJd^in'l; tif MU^ mtsur^ (1 Fil 9), and allowed to stand 11 about twenty minutes to Mttle. Enou«h juice was then poured from this meMure into a tin cylinder (2 Fig. ») to 611 it. The foam collecting on the top of the juice in the cylinder being removed, a Biix hydrometer wm then lowered into and allowed to float several minutes in the juioa. , . • • One hundred pounds of sugar beets contain on an average 95 pounds of .|U|ce, and 100 pounds of average beet juice contain about ISpounds of solids, which s^ids may be composed of sav 12 pounds of sugar and 3 pounds of matter not sugar. This nmtter not sugar is largely mineral, which is a great hindrance and causes senous loss of sugar during the manufacture. Every pound of this matter not sugar keeps, nriictically, one pound of sugar from crystallizing. Crowns of sugar beets, leaf stems, large beets, beets grown on soils rich in vegeta>>1e nmtter. tertilized with Fig. 8. Hand Gratino Machine. li irnyard manure or reclaimed by drainage from swamps, and immature beets, con- tviii a large amount of this matter. Consequently, such beets and portions of beets jield juice that is not only unsatisfactory but \ery unprofitable to a sugar manu- f.icturer. When the Brix hydrometer lowered into the juice contained m the cylinder c*mo to rest, and the temperature became constant, the graduation was read, which tcidins is called " Brix ' and represents the total solids in the juice. A normal weight (2G.048 i^ranis) of this juice was then accurately weighed and C^uefuUy wa.shed into a 1 = Purity , 76. 1. Brix or total solids in juice, 11.7 ) IL IS Iflt The beeU of Eiample 1, cultivated on the flat in rows 21 inches apart, averaged a net weisht of 1 lb. 16.4, oz., and yielded a net weight of 22 tons, 1,166 lbs. per acre ; while the beeU of Example 2, cultivated in raised drills 30 inches apart, averaged a net weight of 1 lb., 9.6 oz., and yielded a net weight of 22 tons, SOlflba. per acre. Upon the assumption that each pound of matter not sugar in the solids of beet juice keeps at least one pound of sugar from crj-staJlizing, 88.9/ of the sugar in the the tcJ I Fio. 10. bcjts of Example 1, and only 68.6 of the sugar in the beets of Example 2, would crystallize. This enormous loss of sugar which in the lal ter case would occur will :jiit happen when farmers fully realize and practice proper methods of cultivation. The beets of Example 2 were grown on excellent sugar beet soil, but cultivated as commonly practiced for feeding and exhibition purposes ; while those of Example , 1 were cultivated strictly accoi^ing to the printed directions guiding the farmers in '& this uxperiment. 14 AYLMER EXPERIMENT. 1 Uarnn. J. 0. 2 Doolittle, W. ' Hkle, J. M .. JmImoii, F... Harper, S. S. Dmoey Bro*. Mitehell, A .. Harper, 8. B.... ^nmmen, O. A. SmniiMirs, B.. Siller, J Batei, B. £... 0»ron, J. A . . H«rp, W .... 8 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 :3 14 w'TlmpMjr, 17 18 19 SO 2t P»rticnJ«r« noted »t time of thiH lii.pwtioii. Aylmer Lntor . . LntoM . Aylner Aylmer . Aylmer , Ajimer , Aylmer . Aylmer Aylmer . Aylmer . Aylmer . Aylmer . Aylmer . ; ""f^jt jy — I Aylmer . . . Lewn, C.O....|Aylmer ... Fwther.W.... I Aylmer... Rodger8,S 'Aylmer ... Pound, A Sparta .... Dtiher, H .... Sparta ^ A.hton. J. J .... I Port Brooe. . 281 Wil«oB. J. A 24 GiUott, J. M 26 26 27 28 29 80 31 82 33 Vanilyke, A. K Tyrrell, A Pound, J. K.... Tnfford, N. F. . . Pre«8y, J. H Oerharta, C Heffer, P . . Timpany, J. H.. Van Patter, J.. 341 Miller, H 35J Dunn, F Stij Crosby, J. 8 37| .Tohnston, T Dance, J. C Dawes, 8 McLachlin, D. . Woodwortb, W. Disbrowe, (3 . Tiinpany, L. J.. Skinner, .J Clarke. CM... Thompson, W.. Summbrs, J. R.. 8chneider, J lis 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 ,Copenhagren i Copenhagen Copenhagen Dunhoyne.. Dnnboyne. , Dunboyne. . Mt. Salem.. Mt Salem.. Calton Calton Laton 49 60 51' 621 Aylmer ... Lnton Dunbo3me. New Calem Kin^'smill . . Springfield . SprinRfielc* . Glen Colin.. fllen Colin.. Aylmer Aylmer Aylmer Aylmer Aylmer Aylmer Aylmer Marchant. T . . . Avimer Caverly.E Aylmer '.'.'. Wallace. ...Aylmer Teeple, W. H..| Aylmer .. A carefully cultivated patch ; doing well. X^y 'Wk JRowth and lookiog well. ::A&p:sSbraM^*^^^ ■ A choice patch entirely fine in every respect. Unfonnnately planted in an orchard of large tree. P«e J'pP >«> good condition. * "**•• aeed fail«l to germinate, and plot not reseeded Fiji stand of plants, neither thinned noV^twited A real pretty crop, faithfully cultivated """•"'•"<^- A good crop, clean and even. Not a very full crop. Thir^SThtef"'', = "'t^"/ '*8«Iw«d full. EnidrWncuttlS ""•''"*"'^ ' '""' "^^^ ""-^ ^eavy. ^Ci&tn"t^eT^;'fp:ct'^'^^^^^^^^^^^^ Not a full patch, but doing nicely ,A good crop ; very carefully spMed in rows ,te Wectr ' '""^ HnLtUh:^. '•"'•• A beautiful patch A very heavy patch of rankly growinir beets magnificent patch. ' '*''*«°«"' 8ecuri.,K » S.)wn late, but growing nicely, rine crop. 35 13.1 3«14.0 ■i« 15.0 ;«17.9 ^0 17.8 «|13.1: •21 9.6 1 «:i7.(ii] «17.7|] •« 11.01 47 28.8'l W,.... •9 9.6 1, W 13.71: '1 14,6|i; "216.21- AYLMER KXI'KRIMEST. •Avennte weight of Beet,. p«ree„t.Sug.r»„dIW,» .- Lifted on Five DiC„:lLr '"•'--•' «-^- •^:l '•5SJS!'*' |ootob.r4th.|ootob«,8»h,l Novemb.; .4 ' I ( 111 |i!i|Wikkliiili J ,"^*ll« ? ?fi-6 13.0 IS.oL 9 „ J,. »L i I I 112.4116 314.816. ? 26.8 16 ^16.1 12 SI22.213. J 10.4116. 8 19.6 16 » 22.9 16, 1? 16.0 18, 1122.713 1316.6 16 13 6 2 13 "12.8 16 16 8.4 14 1610.2I1B 17 18 19 20 21 21.0114 9 814 18.216 43 813 21. fills |2 16.2115 23ll.oll4 24 20.1114 3717.9 13 38 7.217 39 21.216 30 9.6!l6 =<1, 9.. J 16 32 41.0) 7 ^•« 15.2 18 186.6 13.0 IS 4 88.7 26 413 1|82 120,0 13 •9,82.2 28.11,1 ■8 84.2126.8113, «,87.« 8.6 16 •184.8 16.212 •0 82.4 21 8 16, •3 86.212 618 ■3|82.6 24.8114 •«86.6'l6.6 13 ■»78.lj 7.2 9 ■086713.116 68.S.3 8.9I16 0|«'i-6 16 7113 9 82..V28.2 1;j ■9 81.913 4 14 4 86 4 17,6 14 1|'9,4 28,8 14 9|82.7H7 M3 0|88 2 16.8114 ■0«7.5 16 3I12 086.4 34.8 12 9,82.7 21.6111 •> 89,6 9.1 16 •S|*8.9 14 1.5 ■8|90.8ll6,2 13 Sf* 7110.9 16. 7,64 2 27.0 7 86.2 088.9 8,76.9 1181.9 L'ai o, 18.619 18.213 I7.1I16. 20HU4. 34 3.5 36 •is 39 7.6)16 13.116 I4.0'l6 16.016. •'17.9 15 ^0 17.8 14 ^113.11:< <2 9 6 1« ^317.0116, « 17.7114 »« 11.0 10 ^7 28.8 13 4S •9' 9.6'l.') •'•013.7M '1 14,6112 •216.214, •0,87.819.8 •0 86.212.0 88.4112.3 9 87.4il5.3 S^B.»12.3,„ 6 87.119.8 14 •0 80.5 22.8 13 9 86.3 13.3 13 "87.9 10.716 •082,118.713 ■4 84.719.5 16 684.716.016. .7 81128 01L J---- 10.915 •9 83.7110.814 ,0 80.716.8113 ^ 78,1 13 4 12 9|84.717.il5 6 81, 6128 8 14 •»f«^8l4,214 •9 84.318.8'l4 ■iL'lP»8'i« ■4|86.6 9 8 12 7 86 6 81. 7,14. 285.2118.8 14 1 72 8 5 8 1]" •188.8lia.l,u 2 88 9 11.3 14 3 83.120.0114 9181.3 25 2 15 ■785 0112.913 2 82.119 3 1., 7 83.6'36 2 14 483.2:20.713 a,'85 6 13.8l4 4 80.017.0 11, 8 84.2 23 8 14 0178.6 25 2ir •588.1 9.8 15 8 86 918 215 6 86.6 12.6115 2 88,4 12,4 15. t> 63.9 14. 9 •, •1 87.5 l»...8| < 9 80.9 16 '4 12 ■7 91.8 8,4 15 ■2 87.9 23.2 15. 2 88.4 16.715 8 92.9 13 6 16 ■2 67.ll23.Oi 8 ■2 84 4)23.8 15 •'83,4 18,9 14 ?i88.12".9 15 3 90.0 19.0 13 ■2 87.1,2 4116 ?,86.1l20.8 16 1,87,6 19 2 13 •2 89.9, 9..5,4 283.9|,o,3,5 283 9 22.6 ,5 385.5ll3.6l5 •1,87.7, 8.2W 9 83 7(31.0113 0|91.6 15,014 3 84.2 16.014 ■9!'**7.6|24.6 13, •2 83 0128 0112 8,77.123.314 ' No sampleg received. .8 8.1.7 .291 6 .188.3 .0 92.0 3|90.6 .8 69 3 .7 92.4 .886.5' .0 89 3 3 76.4 3)88 61 88.2 .8183,6 .0 92.7 86.7 2:84.4 .2'89.4 .7,86.3 6 82.4 .2;88.8, .6l88.6 .5 87.7 2 80.3 2,82.1 16 WELLAND EXPERIMENT. H^ 3 ft « 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Me Alpine, A.. KoMmaitr, J... liMnadf, J. ... Plktta, Wm. . . . T»ylor, C. Holditob, H H Vm Every, S. . mUH. E. HiU.J.U Stinzlnger, V. . . SiMt. J. G.. Stirtzineer, Kry, W. H. Ker, E PottOfllM. IBRMce, J. W. 16 17 18 19 90 31 32 33 24 3S 96 27 28 BMmer, A. 'Jtirtzinfrer, P.. Atkioi, B. 8... HortOD, vV. L . Brown Broii .. King, W. H... B»itt.D W»rd,J OhMtler, E . . . Henderton, C.. Miiener, P. E . St«venett, 8 .. TunoMliffa, J. 29 80 *der, C PerrySu. Sider, J WiDger ... W«UmkI WellMd PonthU. PoBthill. Ponthill ... RidffeviUe.. Ridgaville.. RidmTilU. Rid«tTille.. renwiek . . . Frawiek . . . Penwiok . . . Penwiok . . . Penwiok . . . Penwiok ... Penwiok . . . Penwiok . . . Kenwiok . . . N. PelbMn.. Br.Nnreeriee Ponthill ... Pelbam C. Ridge ville... OhMtler.... ManhvilU. . Bfwihville. . Winger. MerthWIle.. PMtioalwi noted nt lima of third iaipaotioB. 31 MoNeil. W T. . iFonthUl . . 82 Berriman, T. . . . IStamford 38 G»mer, A :8outhend . 84 HoKgina, B iThorold . . 35 Cole. D Southend . 86 0allinger, J. B.^Sonthend. 87 39 Pettit, A. C. Mitchell, H .. Elliff, J 40|Mc Alpine, W. 41 1 Gamer, J. ... 42Depew, J 43! Bonk, J 44 Hntt, P. A. 45 ~ 4A 47 48 4» SO 52 Hemminn, J. . Weet, W. A. N Swayze, E , Damude, A Overhott,D. D., Brady, M.. .. Hyatt, A iSonthend . . 8outhend . . !8t. John's . WelUnd... Penwiok... Southend.. Southend .. Southend.. Welland .. St. Cath'... iPonthill... I Ponthill... Ponthill... iThorold . . . PelhamC. Pateh admiNd by fnrmet* ; ia oarafnlly ooltlTaled. 8ub-ioil hard, the patoh tnfferad during the dry weather, 'airly heavy erop. loohiog wall ' t.P.,tMiB| overworkiKl with the paeking o( hia amall fmita, negleotsd enrfaoe onltivation. The paloh, thongh mora than (air, li not up to my ezpeetatlona. A obc'oa erop ; well looked aft«r. Not planted aeoording to direotiona ; many blanki. A beantifni orop ; clean and even. A pretty orop ; d K 3 25 1 20 2 21. C 13.4 13.0 8 i» 13.8 15.1 1.1.6 16 1 1« 5' 15. 1 12 3| 13 4 16 6 17.8: 16. 7! IH 0' 16.2; 16. h! 15.4; 14 16. &| 16.3 16. 3| 14.!) 15.0 12.3! 14 2 10 3 20.0 16.61 13 H 14.7 18.4 16.3 17.11 15.4; 8.3' 15 ti 13.41 16 6| 15. S| 12.6 13 3 X t4.7| 81 ti 85.1 82.1 80.9 85. !• 87.3 84 «. 88.4' 87. 0| 86.3 86 6 83.7 8H.8 81 6! 80.8,' 84 8, 80 5I Hi 2 79 !• 8(.0j 76.6 86.21 87. 4i 72. 8| 7 14 2 13 983 2,13.6 84 2 li'jl* ••86 3 16.1 85.2 8 2!l6.]|86 1l6.2W. 3 15.4 16 4185 615.1186 4 6 14 485.2 13.2181.9 10 1 lti,!»90 4 16.2m; 8 45.4 10 70 4 9.7 7;t 16.."* .S8 4 11 5 1.5 8 89 rvrii H s>i ?. 81.2 10.8 16.2180.4 14.6 14 7 83 5 14 680 ■, 84.618.2!3 1|75.7 16 5I4/,87 1 .Ims?' «H 18.3115 0. S3 8 11.2 17 3 90 1 16 78- 89.9 8.0l5^2l|«J.V8,2,16.0^8,16;2l!;.S 85,3:10,4 87.4 21 86 4 16.8 82.121 7 89.6 13.3 76 2 28 2 83.9 P»g», W. J. . . . « TMtaley, W. T. 7 vto Donald, U.C. S CnwioHOB, J. T.. 9 ah, J ... :niUwi», C. S2l8tarr, W. N . . . . 33 SUrr, A. K .... »4|Lehmaii, P . . . . ;« Ca«e. C :«)lSpaldin(r, T. .T . . 37;Widdifield, K .. .<8 Belfry, R. H .. S9 iCocklin, .M ... 40; Ashley, B 4t|R«, A. E 42 CUrkson, T . . . . 43 Doan, W. A . . . 44 Steven*. J. W.. 4n SUrr, M Newmarket. Newmarket. Newmarket. Paaidaberir. Paardeberir. Paardeberg. . Ravennhoe . . Raven iihoe.. RaveDkhue.. Qneen>ville . . l^ieeniville . . (^ureniville . Newmarket . Holland Landing Holland Ijandinii Holland Landing Hnlland Landing Holland Landing Holland 1Unt Med. Cultivation neirlecMd. I Badly cut by hail stoim early in the teaaon. Patch proijerly cultivated. Only a fair patch. A good patch. A Kae patch with few blank* , have been better ooltivated. I Not well cultivated. Patch in garden ; growth rank. Patch in garden : carefully cultivated. Many blank*. Uid not low. Appearance latiifactory. A good patch. A (air patch. A fair patch. A good patch. A gH>d patch ; well cultivated. Large cuar»e beets. A poor patch ; not well cultivated. A good patch. NKWMAKKKT E.M'K IMKNT. AvuraK" woight t)f Ixjet. \mT rent. HtigHr, and purity of juicu in btiutn. Liftwi on Hvo dtfftnt daton. "i rtf>|iteuilwr 9&ih. Oot-bar Mb. Octubtr SSrd. NjvnnbM 6lb. A*M«ff« for > S 1 1 1 . MIMDII. 1 & i 1 > 1 K i J 1 7 1 g a. 1 jf 1 17.0 15.8 81.0 16.3 14 7 85 4 1 1 i 16.0 12.6 81.3 16.0 18.6 81.4 14 3i 83 S 9 14.8 16.8 HS 8 28 6 14.0 80.9 !• •' 15 8 82.4 14.41 m.4 15 7 84 1 SI 11 1 16 4 82.8 16 6 13.8 8:). 6 240 18 6 84.4 196 16 83 9 4' IS. 6 17.0 83. S 12 16 4 86. H 15.3 14.8 85 6 16 4 14.8 HI. 7 5! 20 7 18.9; 80 8 17 7 58 81.1 36.8 14 6 85.9, 20.0, Id.l 87.0 U 4 8.3 7 14 3 84 8 B' lU.O 16.8, 88.4 16.7 14.1 81 4. 20.0 18 6 83 9 33 ll 14 86 4 7 39.8 13.6' 76.3 31.2 11.8 76.6 29.1 13 1 78. ll 26 6 12.6 78.3 13 2 76 6 H 17 III »)!» 16.4 14.1 84 6 79.7 16.8 U 8 • 86.5 16 1 16.5 • 88.6 16.8 16.1 ft 85.8 16 8 86.1 11.11 TO » 10, 9.4 16.2 82.6 17.3 14 3 86 1 16.7 13.7 8»17 20!6' 14.7 HJ'.ii 146 857 87.8 111 Ift.O 15.4 85 " 18.5 Hi. 8 89.0 18 3 15 • 86.6 18.1 V'.H 88.9 15 9 12 V, A 17 86. ;> 30 6 15 9 84.5 20 a 14.7 m 61 23.9 16 01 88 •» 16 9 86!o 18 11.6 15.8 84.0 U 3 17.7 80.7 13 4 16.11 87.8 IS. 9 16 9| 90.4 16.4 88.1 81.9 4 14.7 84.9 iroi ii'i 83.5 16 7 16 17.2 13.1 76.6 14 9' 12.7 77.9 11.0 18.9 83 7 8 11 14. s 83.3 13 4 80 1 17 12 8 14.6 7W.7 19.7 13.7 83.6 18.4 18. 5' 83.2 21.8 16.1 84.8 14.2 82., IH 14.2 9.1 64.1 18 10.6 70.3 16.1 10. ,51 68.6 12.91 12 76.4 10.5 69]r 19 . .. • 13 9 11.2 69.0 18.8 13,8 86.1 16.6 16.1 R5 9 18 1 80 8 20 16,2 ie.'j 84.1 13.8 16.8 84.9 14.4 16.3 86.8 16.8 15.6! 87.6 16. 1| 85.7 16.3 8;<.8 21 i;* 1 17.'.t, 82.1 10.9, 17.2 84.7 11.8 16.2' 82 6 16.2 16.0, §3.8 22 18,7 17.2. 8,. 3 21.1' 16.0 86.0 19 8 15.9 87.8' 21.1 17.6 86.6 16.6 86 2.i 16.4 16. 7| 83.5 12.6' 76.2 19.3 14.7 82.1 20 14. 3i 84.1 26.0 16. 4| 84 1 15.0, k;',.4 24 "2-2 2t!.l 15.2 82.1 80.8' 11.71 78 49 8 13.2 81.5 13 1| 79 4 25 8.6 10.8 85.0 10.1' 17.2 89.1 11,2, 16 8 87 9 20.9 16.7 87.2 17.2 87 » 2i> 21 .2 16.9 82.8 18.0 lti.3 79.1 20 ll 16.6' S6.9 32 3 16.4 80.6 l(i 83.3 27 12.1 lti.7 86.1 16 9 16.2 87 5| 12 2 15 7, 87.2 18.1 16.5 87.8 16.3 87 28 23 4 16.2 88.9 28.4 16.5 82.71 33 3 16 3 88.1 27 2 15.4 84.6 16.1 H4 a 2'.t, i:<.5 16.7 87.9 9.8 10.2 90.5, !» 15.2 80.5 14.5 15.1 85 3 15.. S 86 30 13 « 12.0 7:».2 10.7 14 4 81. 8| l'.i.2 13.6 81 3 23 « 13.2; 75.4 13 3 77.8 31| 10.2 16.0 85.6 10.0 13 8 75. 4i 8 I.r2 80 8.4 16.6 85 2 14.3^ 81.6 32 10.0 15 8 81 9 19.7 13 2 80 4' 20.. H 13 2 80. !• 21,7 15.11 87 8 14.3! 82 6 :vi '.a. (I 1H.5 83.8 14 2 16.2 87. !t 15 « 14.5 H4.3 17 ;• 16. C 86 2 15 4 86.6 34 21 9 l.M 78.9 2>.l 14 85 9 26. ti 13 7 83 (I ....iV... 13 6 82 6 3.5 37 3ti V\7 14 6 81 40.8 14.2 83.0 2«,4 16. 2| 87.4; |V... ■ ' 1 ... J 14 6 83 .1 l.-).l 84 4 20.9 15 2 84 '.) 22.9 11. ll 90 4 24 1 13. i» 84. 2! 14.6 88.0 :t7 14 4 14 2 73.2 16.6 15 2 83 It! 2 12.8 7ti 2 18 6l 14'.4 7!t.6: 14.11 78.0 ;« 15.3 16.7 81.9 9.1 14.2 82.0 9 8 12 5 82.2 12.61 13 9 79 4! 14.3 81 4 3'.t U.6 16.9 91.9^ 126 15.5 86.1 8 6 15 88.2 12 8 16.5 87.3 16 0. 88.4 No H*m|ileH received. 10 NOTKH ON HI-^l'LTK of K\I>KKIMENTM. All b»vt< not Miict'ittMivd, »nil it could hMrdljr !>«> vx|i«clixi timt all vxiMtriiiients in ■iich :i Unci* iiiinilwr wouiil luecKcd with th« ti>>i, iMtrticuUrly wh«ii it u retiium- IxTi'd that fttw hnvv hml niiy f)k|K-ri^iii'« in |>lHiitiiiK mihI culliviitiiiK tuKtr )»>*%», itiid timt iiiHiiy, owintt t'* »h<>rt imtici). Imd not thu ({round |irtf|Hiri)d the pruviou* fnll iM it Khoiiid Ih> for t*Hu»r btfvtH. Thi'rt'fori-, rcNult* will not Ih) found from all who ruocivi'd Hviid. I'ltrticulnni Kivun nhovt- ri>t{iktdinK tlic individual iM-vt |mtchf)ii, notud itt the tiniv of tile third inii|>t*vtioM, U^twutMi AuuiiMt i'Jni\ nnd Hv|it«nili»r 7'h, will Ik) intoretting and initructivv in connection with the tithU' of rttNultN foUowing ktur. AVI.MBK Kxi-KKIMrNT. Of the 5'J Aylmer farniviN to whom Nueil wmh ^ivvn, 47 •ucceudod 'A'ith the cni|i ani' only tiv iniliHl, thu liitlor t>y neglecting thinning; and cultivation. The faclK that INI of thc> iilotn planted yiohlud cro|iN, and that the few failure* were due chiefly to neglect, make it itt^rfectly evident that the HUgar lutet cro|i is at leitMt an certain an any cro|i we t^row. It is extremely important to have a itro- perly prepart^d leed beeet« of M2 iNirticuliriy were grown too far a|>«rt ; conteipiently grew large, yielded lena jwr acre, and were inferior in i|uality. The heet juice of th»*e three averageil only 11.1 HUgar, and 7A.H puritr ; while that of the 44 plots of beetn grown aa directiouK rei|uired aver- aged 14.4 HUgar and 8(i. 1 purity. Coniidering the farmem' inexperience in grow- ing factory l)eetH and their long uractiMed niethiKla of cultivating fodder roots, which methods produce inferior and unprotitahle MUgar Iteeta, Aylnier haa reason to l)e proud of the above renults. AveragcN on tive different datea of all Maniples. Date of pullinir samplra. AnalyKii of juice. SuKsr. Purity. S«pten.t>er 20th October 4th . . . October llf our experiment, as seen in the above 'iverages, how that ti e average per cent, of sugar was highest on (September 20th ; and, exuept on Octoiter 4th, purity steadily im- proved through the seas'tn. These facts api)ear to indicate the probability that uur bright, warm, Huminer weather and cold autumn nights mature our sugar beets early, making it posHible. and also advisable, should factories be established, to begin delivering our crop early in September, in which case the entire crop could be lifted in pleasant weather. 1^ 21 To oliUin tht> Ixmi ruaiilu in r .jnt iNiut oultivntioii for fiu^tory |)ur|MMtM, thor* niuKt h« rt^ulnr rA|>iil KMirth iliii -ik this ■ununtir nioiitht, with iiinturity of lM>ets itt time of lifting, which, to iticimpliNh, r«<|uirea w-"!, nhoweiy wcnthfr, |Mrtiou- Uriy in twrly •uinnier itnil vlvitr wuitther with oool iiiKutN .n itutumn. Hui'h wuathar (■•• ..iitiouH did hilt |in' 4 ) Mr. ' I'lc utaml^ in tti^' liuikffr. niiil licMin^f u \K-*t. in lii< li 'ii I. \! t), .ttitu' .ttiil .liiiy " Iff M'iv tlfV tiiiititiir- . .Hill, t!i'ii-.;!i ',!h- t:ttly |r:t' '■! ^i-jiti-ln In r vv.is f lir, w.inii sliinvcry wi-iitlii r |iit'Viiili!tl t'l'Din Si!|itfml)or tin- Udtli until alter the 1 ist .s:iiii|ik',>i well- lifti'il on Ni.vuiiilicr loth. It c.iiinnt. tlRTi'toif, lie h.iIiI that fliu I'xoeiient iv.siilts of the .\vliiier Siiyar lleet Kxjieiimeiit are due ti> a lavmiMo 'e profitable to the manufacturer and therefore to the farmer, must liave average or more *han average purity. The average for the whole season of the beet juice of these five beet iiatciies (l(i, .30 41, 43 and 52) was only 11.5 per cent, sugar and TT.-'i puritj, while that for the »liole season of the best juice of the 32 projKsrly cultivated patches w»s 14.7 sugar and 8.'i.4 purity. Averages on five dift'erent dates of all samples. Date of Pulling Samples. Clean Beets. oz». AnalyaiF of Juice. SuRar. Purity. September 20th .... 15.7 16 19 9 13.5 17.2 15.1 13.7 14.2 U.:\ 14.4 82.6 October 4th 82.8 Oct ber 18th 85.9 November l»t. November 15th H.-..4 «4.9 It is also true of beets grown in the Welland experiment, as the above averages show, that the first Kvmples, collected on Se{)tember 20th, averaged the highest in sugar. The numbers showing average weight of clean beets indicate very little increase in size from September 20th to November 1.5th. That Welland beets are a little small, is not, when the reason is understood, a discouraging feature. In answer to the ([uestion. "Were rainfall and growth average in your district this past summer !" Mr. John H. Henimings. Asst. Inspector in the Sugar Beet £x]>eriment at Welland, writes, " No. We had the driest season I ever exper- ienced in this co^-itry in eighteen years.'' He further adds, "I think it will be little trouble in a fair season to grow 18 to 20 tons per acre. I have 170 big bushels on the quarter acre, and very nice roots. In fact I am very pleased with them, and all those who have grown them will, I am satisfied, do so again on a larger scale.'' The four other As.-'stant Inspectors in the Welland Experiment answered the above ((Uestion witl. regard to rainfall and growth to the same effect, namely, ^hat the early summer was extremely dry. That the results in both yield and i(uality of beets in the Welland Experiment were obtained under such advorse conditions as the above is certain evidence of the adaptability of the district to sugar beet cultivation. Newmarket E.ypehiment. In the Newmarket Experiment seed was given to forty-five farmers, practically all of whom closely followed directions for cultivation, and succeeded with the ly 23 crop. That such is the case is very creditable to the fanners in the Xewiuarket district, for the reason that previous to the day of the initial uiettini{. May 9th, few, if any, had given any thought to the subject. That the soil of the Newninrket district will yield beets of ii uniformly high <|uality is made perfectly evident by the above results. As in the former experiments, namely, those at Ayluier and Welliind, the above averaijes show that the beets were richest in sugar on the hrst day of col- lecting samples, September 25th ; that there whs very little increase in the si/e of beets between that date and November 6tii. Purity, however, i hough always high, gradually imiiroved. It is <|uite possible, .is at Aylmer and Wetland, that the delivery of a crop at a factory coidd be jnotitably commenced early in September, owing to the favorable inlluence of our climate ill maturing NU;^ar beets at a very early date. Averages of four (litlereiit dates of all samjiles. « Dates (if pulling samp'es Septe') ber 25th October 9th .... October 2:f sugar beet culture in < >ntario. the follow- hig clipping fmm ■' Progress of the Hoet sugar Industry in the I'nited States' contains interesting information : Prookess of the Beet St.;.* r 1m>i stkv in the Umtei. St.xtks. Report of Special Aifent Charles F. Saylor. to tiie Hon. .lames Wilson. Secre- tary of Agriculture. I'. S. Department of Agriculture. Washinuton. DC, dated iVIay nth. 1899. Chanoei) CoSDiTiONs. In reporting on the progress made in the development of the beet-sui.'ar indu.stry in the raited States. I will first call attention to the changed conditions under which this work has been prosecuted. Most of the Stiites that have liilher'o entered into the experiments in growing f ,ar-boets have been pursuing this line of investigation for several years. The re.sults have been published jmnually in the bulletins of the State experiment stations. In most cases the investigatiims have been exhaustive : in some it has been demonstrated that the States have the natural condit-ons for growing sugar beets and manufacturing sugar from them ; jn o.hers it has been shown that conditions are not favorable for growing sugar beets for facfory pur- poses. M.any of the States, upon the showing made, have not thought it advisable to continue this line of investi«ation any further, but have felt content to call attention to the facts already shown. In States where these facts were favorable for the establishment of the beet sugar industry, the energies of the States have been turned in the direction of encouraging the establishment "if fac- tories by interesting capital and promoting organizations, which is as important as any part of the work. Tender these circumstances, my attention and efforts have been largely directed to investigating existing conditions I have visited beet-sugar 24 organizations and attended puhliu meetines in localities where considerable interest was manifested in this enterprise, furnishing such aid in the way of information as seemed advisable, in public and private talks, newspaper interviews and the like. These visits have been to all sections of the United States where it seemed most could be accomplished. * "umber of new factories will be estahl'shed, ready for the campaign of the presc year. Several others will be commenced this year with a view to complet- ing ti. a in time for next year's campaign. In (}uite a number of communities throughout the I'nited States the propriety of organizing companies and building factories is receiving serious consideration, and the probabilities are that a number of new factories will be built in the near future. Thk Farmbrs' Intkrkst iv the Ixkcstry. I can report considerable ito- gress in the development of public interest in the beet-su jar industry. The agri- cultural press, the secular press, and writers and lecturers on agricultural subjects have devoted considerably more space and attention to the subject d'lring the past year, and the general public is much better informed with reference thereto than it was a year ago. Among the important causes for the increase of interest among farmers the following may be stated : SuoAR Hkets in Crop Rotatio.v. The major j)art of the prejmration of the soil can be dune in the fall, giving weed iiid grass seeds a chance to germinate and thus be destroyed, and giving the soil a better chance to become mellow and friable through freezing. But the main and most beneficial effect of a sugar-beet crop in a rotation is the excellent condition in which it leaves the soil for following with any other crop. The deej) plowing required, the nece.ssarily intense cultivation employed, and the clean condition in which the ground is left will show their good effects on the land for several seasons. Fanners throughout the sugar-beet regions fully understand and appreciate the great benefits from growing sugar beets. Experience teaches them two things clearly ; (1) The beet crott will pay the expense f»f this intense cultivation ; (2) all crops are materially bmefited by this good cultivation. Many farmers successfully grow sugar beets following corn, and, in fact, it is as good a practice as any, if not the best, when possible. It takes only a little more work to prepare the ground, and the bee' crop gets the benefit of the cultivation of the land during the previous year. We have only to iiivc ^ate the conditions prevailing in localities that are limited to one or even two kinds of cn^iis to .see the disadvantage (^f limited crop resources. Suuar beets add an important cro]) to the already extensile resources of the Mississippi Valley. Rei,.\tio.\ of .SiiiAU Bkkts to Stock Fkkhino and [>aiuvini:. There is no better settled ]iroposition than that the miinufactuu' of tiect siiji:ir atlords an op|ior- tuuitv for estahlishiiiu these iiidus'ries on the most t'coiioiiiiciil iiiid sncci'ssful basis. The bei't pulp is a cheap food, and in a food i:ition ;jives results r.ot attaini'd by anyotluT uU'iiu'iit eiiteriiiL,' iii'o iiiiy otlii-r ration. This coiiu's not so mufli from the inhoroiit nutrition of tin' pulp as from its .ihility 'o make the most of the other food tatcn liy ilu' Hiiiiiiiil. niakiii<_' iivaiJMliK' tlio nutrition in the r.-ttion as a whole. 1 have liBcn advisi'd liy .some of tlie largest anil ino.st sin' fssfnl stock feeders in the couTitry, .ifter i!\tensi\e cxpfriiimnts niatli- liy tlu'iiisolMs. that, with pulp as part of the ration, they were able to put steers on the market in thr.'efourtlis of the time, using tile .sanie amount of yr.iin daily .is is onlin.iiily fed ; aiicl ir is tiie imi- vi'rsal verdict of dairy feeders that no itlier kind of ration iiroduces nearly such results as one containiii'.^ sugar beet pulp I have seen wIkiIc vallevs on the coast covered with th-- li.iiry iniliis'ry and milk trains riinniii'.,' to San Francisco, where nothing of the kiii<] existed l>efore thi' introduction of the pulji, and where they were not possible without it. Ml(^^'.^ Rkti kns ash Otmki; Bknrkits. Instead of crude material, the fanner should furnish as nearly as pos-il'li' finished pi-o(liicts. This principle applies to 25 the beet sugar industry. In no other direction has a large area of this country. East, North, and West, such inviting prospects ; especially is this true o( the Miss- issippi Valley. It seems that we are destined tu clip our wool and send it to New England where the busy hum of the factory transforms it into useful textures to clothe ourselves and the rest of the world. The native of Iowa, for instance, passes through the various stages to manhood and down the decline, and his ears may never have heard the music of the spindle. The beautiful Hnely-developt d cattle from the meadows and j)en8 are sent away and returned as beef prepared for the ta))le, thus diverting the hulk of the profits to others who have contributed very very little to the jiroduction, and preventing the advantages which would result from having the work done by local lalxjr and capital. But hjre is a chance in the sugar industry to see the factory and tarn> side by side, working to prtnluce one of our articles of food and luxury. Here is a chance to hear the hum of industry, the music which thrills and inspires the soul of man, brightens and gladdens the home, amalgamates and develops our social organism. We look out and .see those restless volumes of smoke issuing from chimneys early in themorning and lute at night, denoting that* our own coal, mined by our own people, is working up a product of iiur farms in a factory manned by our own laborers, who buy of us the necessaries I if life, and we feel compensated to .some extent, in spite of the fact that many of our other crude materials are compelled to seek manufacturH in other sections of the country. But this is not the only compensation. We must consider 'le direct benefits ro the farmer of growing sugar beets for the factory. It has been my province dur- ing the last three years to visit all of the beet-sugar sections of the Unite i Slates, where beets are being grown on a large scale and sold to the factories, and I can speak from actual observation in regard to the benefits. Of course, beets j;rown in ilifterent parts of the United States are grown unter different conditions, which will affect, to some extent, the cost of production and the jirotits incident thereto. Speaking conservatively, I shall lay down some general facts which will give an idea of the average profits to the farmer in sections of country where beets are produced under rain conditicms, and where the cultivation is similar to that which would be necessary in Iowa, for instance. A fair estimate of the cost of producing sugar beets in Iowa would he about 830 per acre This allows for every elenieiiT • >( cost entering into the production of the beets. It allows a farmer ^S.oO a day for himself and team, and the laborers whoui he may employ $1 50 per ilay. A i;reat deal of the w0 on tlie Mr^'ercrop. Of course, the fiinner that pi-odueed 25 tons per* acre would have an ■ uornious prolit, nauu'ly, B7>> per ;icre, -u- i ii;li lo buy the best l.im' in the State t Iowa. 1 know of no other sinule proiluct which can be grown on the f.tim lo uiy eon8ideral)le extent tli.it will coiujiare with thia. Kariuers are inclined to look too luiich at the element of cost, and s.iy th.it .'^:'.0 s 1 sung -mil of money to pay for |)roduciiig an acre of anythiiiL; : but they should ■ iisnu-r tins as they would any other business proposition. \S ill tin. profits pistifv Mu:h an outlay / If so, the propositioii to raise su^ar beets is a good one. iK-fore •he farmer can produce fattened steers to .my great extent lie must make ;in iiiust- liieiit in the stockers. .\iid is it not a fact that, after making such investinent, he 2() it not n.'Hrly a<> hichly comid m he would l)e if he m»de the same invt>»tn»ent in labor and exponse neccMary to produce sugar l.eeta >. D<.ul)tless the exiierience of each faiiner himself will be the best answer »o this question. I inay make the same illustration with the dairy cow. Before he cnn go very extensively int.. this business the dairyman must first buy the cws and b.uUl his barn. He does this because he figures that he is going to be a gainer theivbv, and that is the ..no basis uix.n which the farmer sh(.uld settle the .luestion ..f raising sugar beets. I have studied very carefully the history .>f the sUrting ..f a 1 the fact Ties in this country, and with..ut exception it has been ditticult t.. get the farmers m the be-'inning to contract to raise the beets, but after an experience <.f ..ne ..r two years it ceases t.. be a question .is to who can be induced t.. sign the contracts, and becomes a (.uesti.m among the farmers as t.. who can secure the c;oiitract». \n..ther beneficial feature of the sugar factory in a cmuiunity is that an out- lav of S:J0 t.. imsluce an acre of sugar beets means a large ..utlay f.r lal...i in tne vicinity, as the large expense of producing beets is for labor. In case ..f a tow,, of several thousand inhabitants and the immunity surrounding, it is a fact that everyone who wants w..rk can get it. and I believe it to be true that livings banks in towns where factories are located have a larger number of dejM.sitor-i than in other places on account ..f the large amount of labor involved in the^piory is located, we begin to see the blessing of a sugar factory. I his m..ney u"es for coal, for labor, for transportati..n. for hnicstono and many other crude materials. About the only thing taken away by the people control ing the facorv is the profits, and if it happens to be a facljory that is organized by local people, then the profits themselves remain to enhance the ri.hes ot the coin- nuinity.'' CULTIVATION IN ONTARIO. It may be several ycare at least before Ontario farmers will be in a p-.sition to ..ive an exact estimate of the cost of the production ..fan acre .if sugar beets. InUie first place farmers have to learn a g..od deal ab..ut the kind of cultivation reciuired and. in the second place, they will have t.. lean, how to economically acc..mpli8h that required cultivation. In these sugar beet experiments our farmers were asked to cultivate as follows : F.^LL CiLTivATioN. If the beets follow fall wheat, the land maybe plowe.1 shal- low just covering the stubbles as early after the wheat is harvested as possible and harrowed, causing the vegetable matter to decay and seeds to germmuf Late in autumn, cross-plow to a .lepth ..f nine inches, f..llowmg in each furrow « ,.l. a sub- soil plow. 1 osening (not turning up) the soil several inches^ deeper. Leave the land.'thu; plowed and lo.sened, to the winter frost, which through alternate expansion and contraction, becomes disintegrated and men..wed Hut »'/-•''«« Po- tatoes or fodder corn precede the beet., early autumn culiv-ati.m of 'ho P"tf « around sh..uld not be necessary, while that ..f the corn land may be modified for the purp..se of disposing <.f the co^ n r.H.ts. Late deep plowing is an essential part, however, of fall cultivation of sugar beets on any soil ; but subso.ling, as above des- cribed, may be omitted in exceptional instances where the subsoil is naturally free ""'^ lir^e it has not been practicable to apply farm-yard manure t.. the crop pre- ceding sugar beets, then the manure should be drawn out upon the .tubble land and just covered by the early autumn shallow plowing which is mentioned above. Spring Cultivation ani. Plantinc. Plant as early as climate ana soil will allow Early planted beets, as experience in other countries has shown, uniformly give both a greater yield and a higher content of sugar than those which are pUnted later. 27 Spring cultivation fur planting must be Hhiiltow, tho object buiug to prepare a seed-bed whoHe noil i» reduced to the highest degree of tilth, reneuibling the sur- face soil of a well prepared onion bed. The exact methixl of working the land to obtain this object will vary in different locations and Hoils as soils themselves and weather vary. For every toil however, loosening tho surface to a depth of three inches is an essential o|)eration, after which, by the proper use at tho right time, of the roller .iiid harrow, a soed-bed, which is mellow, firm, moist and w\rm, can with little difficulty be prepart-d. The stud should he planted upon the (wine day, or as early after as possible, as the final preparation of the seed-bed. Ci i.TivATioN OF Beets Bkkohk. Tkomno. As soon hs the plants can be traced in the row, surface cultivation of the soil between the drills should he com- menced, to clean the land afid preserve moisture, to atlmit air more freely into the soil, and in every way to hasten the most rapid growth of the younj; plants. TniNNisii. After the first cultivation the young plants giow rapidly, when, upon the develojiment of the .'Srd or 4th leaf, thinning must he counnenced. and sliould be finished as soon after as possible. Thinniiii; is done chiefly with a narrow hoe, but the hands must be also freely used in sinj^ling out, for the reason that the yriung selected plants, unlike turnips, must not be roughly handled. Cultivation Aftkk Thjnmm; During thinning, the beets will have grown considerably, and the time havinj{ arrived tor a second cultivation, the hand or horse hoe may be run deeper than in the first cultivation, in order to open thoroughly and loosen the soil for the free a'lmissi(jn of air. A second hand-h 40 117 47 8 20,3 21 1,079 91 64 28 90 62 64 i 34 14 2 14 913 61 44 -Mi 40 31 04 9 10 11 21.0 32 1.166 101 62 j 35 14 2 17 1,000 78 761 87 40 41 36 20.0 11 2nO 64 60 86 16 8 33 1,900 107 771 30 40 77 37 4.2 26 1.832 110 14 88 17.6 16 1,000 73 37' . 12 14 24.7 16 760, 69 691 39 11.1 20 600 91 13 So go! 66 9*i 19.3 25.0 17 10 1 72 66 1,166 44 97 40 41 17 6 22 681 94 73 . , 15 3| 17, 260 72 78 . . 16 16 21.0 22 1,600 96 681 27 40 69 36 1 42 14 3, 12 666 56 49l 1 17 18 16.2 21 760 90 84 ... 1 1 43 12 6 17! 260 77 06| 30 90 46 16 16.9 11 ... 46 76 1 44 17 6 16 72 00, 19 40 ,52 60 19 13.2 16 1,666 79 69 .... 1 46 9.2 24 1,166 116 76 ,. .. i . 20 10.0 211 600 90 :M) 19 40| 70 90 i 47 14 9 28j 166 112 33, 21 22 27 3;» 108 66 20 161 88 61 48 13 7 I3I 459 56 22' 29 4ni 26 2 22 21.3 17 1,260 77 90 26 40l 62 60 , 49 10 7 14 1,332 63 08 31 40 31 68 23 20 4 13 1,588 r>r, 17 24 40. 30 77 50 17.4 2)1 96 CO SO 90! Rh 10 24 19.5 26 1,000 112 62 20 40 92 22 51 1 17.1 10 62 40 12 .. . 1.. 27 21.lt 21 1.125J 80 86 59 90i 20 9.5 62 1 18.7 20, 1,500 88 18 26 66 61 63 Wel LA.M> E XPEKIMK.NT. V 2: Net .vi-ld -■ « 'b i ^ N«l yield ,5 9 \ if bi i 1 X 1 ii S i f 1 5 1 t 1 Sm j r- ^ a, 1 S5 a.u It .- B (2 I>er acre. 1 J 1 1 t e! 1 ' .« c « (■ S r . ! '•■ f r.'^ c ' >> c. 1 l'.> i»2 \A .5001 ii'.t fi2 29 !K) 2:1 72 'i 2ii 15 44: li l,7.'i0 57 9.i .SO 15 27 28 2 16 in 14 1,:«2 (52 .'^M 2S 70 :i:< H3 27 15.48 14 llUi ti3 37 3li !K) 2« 47 3 25.!)5 14 l.:l:i-' iir, 00 28 15 45 20 l.ltii; 82 33 ;;r. %\ 4ii 43 4 24.3«i 13 l.f)lH r,H 47 2;) 24.63 1.-, 333 ll,'- 25 37 40 30 85 •li 17.141 24 S3 itO 1.-) 25 !I0 l!4 25 :K); If) .50 2» S3 "8 13 .!3 40 44 73 « 2.-. 2!t, i; 20 21» U l.tioo 2H ilO . 777 51 2.-. ., .. 31 ! :'.L> 27 7S ;i 8;{3 I'.t 41 10 l,5iP 44 73; 23 40 21 33 47 ,s.5 s! 2'' 7.H 13 r.N ,'■)(( 33 14 .V. '.1 1.500 4i 43 '. li;.7,s i;V ;-,no i;2 dh ; M 11 (J'.i 1.5 .500 Ii4 SI 23 15 41 60 10 22.7". 14 1.200 (i!l 85 33 40 X, 'X,' Hri' lit ti2 l:i ;!34 li-' .54 25 40 ?.7 14 11 2:t.47 12 AOO f).- 12 41 1,5 i:i 97 37 I'.I.IO it .500 41 62 23 !HI 17 72 12 Ki 7ii 12 6(i(! ,^,s ris (•»; ]', 41 1.7.78 22 ,500 72 r, 45 47 ttl !'•' It7 21 1,0110 8»> fill 19 K5 fif) 35 17 i.T.iis 12 1,000 r>i; 2r> 2ii (to 2!t :^.") 45 17 Os 12 444 51 !I4: 2i 40 29 54 23 li».2'J; 14 1,000 5^! 20 36 75; 1!) 4.1 48 14 7" 4; l.OiiOl 19 12 23 40i 24 20 76 17 «3:er acre 1 1 .' 1 "O c |i ^ 1 =1 II 20.4 i .•»! 71 1 l(! ;« M 2tl l.t.74 i!t.7;< 16 «7 16.2<.» 10.76i 4.84 2*5.44 2B 25 14 2!»: 18 oo! 12 m L'9 7!t 231 2H 221 24 20,6 51 8 •)| ih| 14 1ft ]« 17 18; 19 20 22 13 14 181 21 1 251 24' >l| 11. 191 201 '•'< 21 1 24 17 . Vi l:i 131 14 l.OCO •« c. 57 72 til «2 81 18 8& H5 83;i 108 02 l.OOOi »1 «7 1,332 1,600 1,663 .500 1.400 51 37 70 8 f 94 05 98 94 62 H.tj 92 221 600 109 12 68 00| 58 24 44 41 6:< 50 (18 871 » c. M !H) 24 40 26 ir, 24 .10 :<5 60 30 60 30 50 17 90] 42 90; 61 15 24 90| 74 04 .10 90 .S2 Oi 28 4o! 63 82 26 9i)| 80 22 « * c 22 Hi .17 22 .V5 as Irt 65 72 52 61 ;{7 20 81 52 i):i B£ i ^ I Net yield per acre. 1.411 1,.S.S0 750 1,000 39 9<) i4 401 ?:!'4o| 2;} !to, 28 10 33 84 M io 44 97 2ft 26 27 29 30 :n :<2 .w :ii| 13.181 B 16 19 16 13, 191 141 17 lo| 8' 18' 15 25 19 2:<| 12 91 151 a § 83 1661 8:w{ l,00O| 2.150 si < I T7I 76 191 !« 641 73 86 67 .501 92 98 200| 66 97 1,332 8.t 91 3;<3| 48 21» vm\ 70 661 1.400 .W 97I 1,0001 78 621 1,000! ^9 7.-.I 913101 82 1,166 s:; 22 l,6.55ilol 06 l.ftOM 55 051 42..! 39 15 «3i 71 44: I 8 « c I 25 40 30 85 19 ^0 18 .(01 29 45 2t 90 24 90J 25 '401 27 40 11 40| 23 90 24 ilO 33 90 19 40 20 -10 27 401 ■J i il a » 0. n 79 43 01 42 10 74 68 .•<7 52 59 01 23 39 14 .57 51 22 58 M 77 !»2 58 32 67 15 ;« 65 18 75 44 04 oni! cr«>i) of su}ur inches of soil . .'. ' g <»0 Total .$26 00 It was quite nnpracticable in estimatinL' vielH ..f n^^^ » • 1 ., "f <'ne-eighth or one .luarter of an acre f. r whi!- ? \" "i'''^'' ^^'^ *''«'« crop ■;«.■ inside row, measire an la'\ d ^U 1 r-xt^T ^ "^"'t'^ 'V^''' "*"»-' Assistant Inspectors pulled all the beeL which th-?. T? ''''f'/""" '^hich the iis explained under : ' ^^ "''>^ *"1'P*"'' brushed, weighed, etc.. Directions for PuLUNn to Estimate Yikli. 80 DOH of eitimating the yield in tons per acre. In m.*t pW.n. zte row hiw t>een SZted. and adiHUnce or length of it fron. which the beet, aro *;> ' « P""";^' ™»'£;J off by two sUkeii. It will bo your duty to check the diHtance between »"« 't-kej, owing to the fact that abaolute juHtice ia to be given to every «xperinienter. S»io..)d, for tome cause, no Htakea be found, you are to «slect an average jn-' .nU Mtake off a fair diatauco from which to eatimate the ton* per acre. Yo. .,uire anawistant, a bam wale, two ba«ketH. two knivea for topping, tw.- . . ...oa, two "'""C'l'y'l'c't dihi^rthe 25th. 2«th. or 27th October aa n.ay auit you .H.at fc. pullinu to estimate yield. . , . , , Tho sugar beet experiment is a woik of value t.. every fanner of the neighbour- hood, and especially a., to th<.se «.nwiiig beets. It is ox,K..cte.l that {he farmora upon whom you call to pull beeU for the purpose ..f ehtiniating yield will furnish you all the aasistance poaMiblf. that your difficult task may be performed m the least time and at the least expenae. , , , ■ ■ u i- . _-.- Cheek the distant between the two stakes in the selected row, wnich distance should be entered at once. L.K,sen all the beets without cutting off the tap r.«U in this distance of the row between the two stakes. Top by cutting "tf 'M'P^"" mately that iK.rtion of the beet bearing stem* and stem scars, t ollect a>'d weigh the beets and enter under "Gross Weight." The Imets must then 1« brushed clean Vll fibres, ends of roots less than one .piarter inch diameter, ana any remaining portion of the crown n.nst be cut off. after which the beets are again weighed and the weight entered under " Net Weight Estimation of Tonsaoe. Every Assistant In.iHiCtor was furnished with a blank form "P;'" *'''f »" necessary entries were made at the time the 1 eets were lifted. lh«se hi ed-in forms were immediately forwarded to the Agricultural College, (iuelph «»d '' r K,™^ cent, tare and net yield per acre, as given m the nlK.ve table under Ay nier hxpen- ment. Welland Experiment and Newmarket Kxpeiiment, were calculated The following form returned by Mr. Van Patter, as Assistant Inspector in the Aylmer Experiment, will serve to illustiate ; ExfMTimeiiter's Number. Date of fuUioK. 2t 23 23 Si 31 99 30 (Jctober. 25 •-•(> 2t> 26 26 Distance be- Di!!tancp apart Grogs Weight. Net Weight. tween Htakea. of roWF. Feet. Inches. Lbs. Lbs. r>o •Jl 1684 131 VV) 21 ISl 144 120 21 21 1; 170 60 3(1 lOM 89 120 21 145 116 165 21 28;{ 249 120 21 1684 146 Yields, as given t-nder "Net Yield per Acre" in the three foregoing table.s have been calculated from " net weights " received in the returns from the Assist- ant luanectors who obtained these net weights by weighing, after topping, brushing, trimming, etc., all the beets lifted from measured distances of in.Hide average row.s as previously explained under " Directions lor Pulling," to estimate yield. Figures 6 7 and 8 show the same sample of beets, not topped, clean, and tared respectrvelj . li is the tared beets, illustrated in Figure 8. for which the grower is paid. Many of the sugar beet contracts of the Michigan factories read. " The Company shall 81 «CM|.t Mid pny f..r btiotM coDUininn 12 per cent, of sugar, |4.50 iwr ton dolivure.! >n th« HU,r.K« .hes' ......'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'.','.[[[[ ..'j Total out of a |HisBible 100 n~ The follotting. arrans,'ed in order of merit, have won priz-e. : DJHtrict. Aj-Imcr Kxpxrnnentera number. Kxperiuienter'. name. Pout Office. WVlland 38 11 1«> 24 9 10 b 11 7 17 ! Van Patter, J. M... Swler, J. Learu, C. u tiillott, J. M . . Thiiiiipaun, W. E. , tJunmierfi, (}. A . , Stirtzlnger, K. H . . Oole, iJ.vid Taylor, Chus Sloat, .r. C Van Kvery, S. H . Stirtzmger, I'hilip Ni'wmarket .... Lutou AyliiiHr Ayiiner < ''•punhaKen , Ayluirr . . . . A>lui<'r Kirs'. Second. Third ••'■ 11 th. Kifth. Sixth. Fenwick .Southend Kdnthill S^nw'ok I F.'m.tli Kidgeville | Kifth ••'^nwick I Sixth". First. Spcnnd. Third. •i 40 7 18 15 45 14 16 Ashley. B McDonald, l» C. Roode. (}. W I BramiDer, A. E . . . i rttarr, M Wright, Jamea . . . | Lttody. C. E / l^ewmarket Ravnnshoe Holland Landing iNewmarket Fir.• 1 HHI ^|1 1 I •6 >> 1 1 16 19 18 11 1 22 82 38 18 1 1*1 1 13 18 77 2 1 »•■« 11 l.t a 1)1 61 29 IB 1 ift IB 11 18 74 .{ , » 20 1 14 8 i \% f.9 SO 19 1 19 It 13 16 ►0 4 ' IB 17 IS 8 17 70 SI 15 i 15 15 14 13 71 n IK 16 14 U 2» 80 .12 1 J2 IS 9 .. 12 4H 7 l-k )'i ir. 13 11 59 M 1 18 20 1 'ft 11 3.J tM 8 Ifi 11! 14 9 •»1 76 1 ! .\\ 1 11 1 H 1* 9 14 64 •I IS 30 15 11 i 22 84 1 1 35 IM ! a« i 15 II 17 SI 10 ^ IH u 12 11 1 I'i 64 • Sti 14 : 19 15 10 23 SI 11 !!• 20 14 11 25 89 -8 18 1 '*• H 10 i tii 7h la I!» 38 41 20 20 14 11 17 H-l 10 20 2't U 10 •11 86 42 16 u 16 10 13 66 17 \x 17 14 9 31 79 1 48 18 19 15 6 17 75 IM 17 18 IS 8 11 67 : 44 17 18 14 •1 16 74 !!• 1» 20 16 10 16 79 ' 46 16 20 15 8 24 s:i 2ii 10 1« 14 !l 21 70 47 18 18 13 4 28 81 21 \n 18 i;< 7 27 78 48 15 19 14 13 : 13 74 2i in !S 14 11 17 76 49 14 6 14 9 14 67 2;< it< 8 13 7 1;* 57 60 13 19 13 8 34 76 IM i« 19 13 10 26 84 62 17 17 14 6 20 74 27 16 19 18 1 6 2t 74 ,• Wki. LAM> > 'core. b k* § .2 .1 i H 1^ •> b ,,•'«■ •>, II 1^ i Bs a;- •J. ir 1 a, 2 1 v.: \' .13 J3-" i .■5" 'Z a a. •6 1 > 1 17 13 15 10 13 68 26 17 6 16 9 13 68 2 18 17 18 7 14 69 27 16 to 15 10 14 64 3 1» 16 15 10 14 74 I 28 16 15 13 6 20 69 4 19 14 14 9 13 69 1 29 9 15 10 15 49 5 18 19 12 1 5 24 78 30 16 10 9 34 5lt 6 14 14 13 9 6 66 31 17 13 16 io 9 1 66 7 18 19 15 12 11 76 32 1 IS 18 16 12 1 10 1 73 8 16 18 15 8 13 i 69 83 1 10 4 14 4 1 9 41 9 15 18 1 16 12 13 74 34 11 3 13 6 ' 16 47 10 18 20 16 1 12 14 80 35 19 19 16 11 13 1 78 n 19 19 1^ i 11 12 76 1 37 12 18 16 12 <• 1 66 12 17 It 16 1 12 12 70 ' 41 Hi 15 9 22 j 62 14 16 9 18 1 9 11 58 43 18 13 12 • • • . 13 1 6(1 16 9 9 i;i ! 9 (> \ 46 44 18 19 12 4 21 74 17 19 17 16 , 12 12 75 46 17 18 14 7 13 68 23 19 19 13 8 12 71 48 4 3 14 8 4 33 24 1 13 18 15 i 9 17 72 49 16 17 13 8 16 1 711 (i|.,««ii nn Nkwmahkkt 8t«Kt. .» i ^ II l| r 1 19 :i 19 4 IK ft 7 1H 19 » in 14 16 in 17 IH lit •io 32 29 24 III I!) IR 1« IN lU 16 1!) lU 18 i«; 16 18 StmR Bektm (JKowN IN Othkr Disthktn is Ontakio. InifM.raluth«r.li«r.ct*mOutHri.., viz., \Vmrt..ii, Dmuiville, \V:.llHcol.urij AUi.»t..n. Loiulon HI..) S....il.irt. sugar l.oeU were cultivHtv.1 l.i.st venr. «ain|.liM of winch we.o f.-rwanltKl to our lab raf.ry for analysis. Th.g.. heets. I„ ;ever were imt^growu under my direction, and, therefore, I refer only briefly to then, in my . , . !^'tv "I\T' '" ""'•"»>"'»'♦"'•>• ««ven M.nnplea for analysis, a report ..f which I \mrtonsu«ar beets, « hen pro; erly cultivated, are of exceptionally « I ■ Ui Hv a rVrrrn' "'V '''''''•;''t'-"*;"'''''"y' ^^'- ^l- '*• ''■'"•'•''*^- rJporuthatninecLrloadH . Uered by fanners who had grown laor.. than they re,,uire,l fo, feeding;, were sold ..1 shipped to a Michigan beet sugar fact.,ry. Some of these Wiarton beets .ought o.SH.i per ton at the factory, but the mower hu.l to pay fivi-dit and .lutv I'uuuville sent six dimples of beets to our lal«..atory, four of which tested bel.,w -imi two above, the re.,uired Htandard of 12 per cent, sugar i., beet and HU puiity' \Nallaceburg sent two samples, one of which tested above and the other below the « an, ar.l Alvinston sent six samples, four of which tested below an.l two nbove 'o,!l o". 1 'ZT^T "*"''■ '" ""• """*'"" •*'""l'l<"'. tiveof which teste.l below the •-t.iiKiard, and eight above. ,,,,,y'';-" ,''"'' "^''t' ;'.'""'♦'« "f'''''»*''Vt '"«y be admirably alapted to the production t su.ar beets of high ou-thty. yet. bv wrong methods of cultivati<.ii. feeding beets, luch are always of an inferior Muahty. may be pro,luce.l. entirely misrepresenting tlie capabilities i>f the district. ' '"""b 'V/'*" hundred ton factory was built last summer in Marine City, Michigan ■u tailinir to secure sufticienr aen-a':;.- ••.„ th« Amoriean side, the coiai.any in \„n\ \U '^"'"='E'^.h. Milder, otSombra. who engaged with the company, contracts to .r,ow MX tiun.lred acres were signed, which acreage extended from a point below the Town "t.^arniato rupperville. on the east branch ..f the Sv.ltiiham, being in all v 34 lu-ttltfc'tvU, and in not un« in«' i wm ninK prerly ili*n«. Mr. Hniiiur. h< ori.*t.a •«..«,« th« K,..w«rt . k...n H„,i„ty t,. renew their c^u«c•uw^tl. the c?^^^^^ IMiuy. Hml the bi..t,Uen delivered •«.! ...Id »t the f.cfor? thev he un.wZ w....ld h»ve receive.. «».ftO p„r ton for Ih,»u te.linK 12 .Ir 'ce 5 ^^.wr ?,? W* w. h Hu addition :«» centH for every 1 jn-r cent, of .««,r over VJ T rirow.M?n thiH o»He would hHvehad to ,«y 80 cent, freight per ton. «,.d V. h r ce t dutv mi'T7Z at th' r '■''/"' '"" = ••"/ 'u^-^ cLe.'^owevir^tJe mU e fl, ..fce^f Uet- te.t«l at the Uh<.rHtory of th. .u«Hr Vrl.ry fn"„ 1 .^ ce. t. I I ;.,r?. U .UK»r ,n boet« wirl. a purity of 81) and u,,w»r.U Mr. Sn. ler wr en .'ihe nm .t pre eminently adapted in every w,y to the Kr,.winK of Ct^ a„d we fr^ making every effort to tring at..ut the e.ubliah.nent of . factory in our midi' * CoKCtUHION. K^Kr :ii^v:5r::;^lUr r;. . ^^ £?r ?^r 'v?^- a wen deserved and ^^i^!;^:' ;:;^^::^^7Z hS^':;^;^ s=v.J:i;''CS be depended upon to apply these aame M™SS^n'The XvX -'n orwha.' prom.Be. to be in this Province, one of our mo.t imiK,rtant indu.tr^w THE BEET SUGAR INDUSTRY IN MICHIOAN. Owing to the proximity of the Stftte of Michigan to lat extenwvu ...^ f„rHi «outhwe.tern portion o our Province bounding the north of Late Erie and whe sugar factones. if esUb i.hed hi Ontario will t.r..HaKi» k. i ^ j 7 wner.' the extensive and valuable exp^rienTe of that Ce h^tt, I'f w'l."'"^ ri"^ '" «ugar factories, the.following %p^"f^m Mr.^SSLle. F.^l^t^iATrtlo'tt (i.it as out iMir.ty .,f thi. Uh. ttr..w, i,7/L, vLr » ' . •»«•'"•'"•"« '!•« "UK«r coi.t.i.t .h. ^u... ... .... ^;r:;r :£Sh:!;.:r t;:: ""' -'*• ^"- -"""' inl„theStHtot..fillth,.v d Th«v w..rT '"'"'•»'•>' "'"yh "'^'y cul.l intr-cluce •'..•.np..r«rynrK.»,i.vi..,Mit.S»Sw ^ —"''•-' «-N|.er........tN camel .... l.y '::: :;u^, j';v-'-,,;--^ c ..,,.^. <...,., w.. 'I;::;v::7S.;'c;:;::: i .... ..... ..... H...)< j^-r:: sSo;.;::i::;"^ k^l::.,:::'' """•"" --• ^- ■ ' 'Id lu' ..nUfii out ..f i.ri..t..,l n.u.f . ■ *'""'> '^*''"' "" »l"*t mf..r.iiiiti..n _ ■1111 inu III |iiii.it.'il iimtter 111' cHiix crsiitiiiii u tl, tl. . . i • ^1 i. 11 1. It 36 As wd before, this WHskr^ely due to the hurried .iwnnerin which the.. rMiii/.tions were effectou c»p.tul rHised. and factories built. Th.., I«ind ,.f work .IceSy u ! n^hes a ^reut deal of c.Htly but valuab.e experience. These factories nex V«; bui.ts"7a™e;::wnfr rrl* •""'^•*'^-ti"" ^' *>- ««ricultuml side ..f'the W Farn.ers will Imj able to grow beets a great deal cheaper and verv much better, and a better class of land will be culled into re,,uisition for^rTinAL " ets than was used m most places last year. ^.lowiiife uit r.ieis There are two le«itiniate criticisms that can be made on the crowinu' of beets n Mich„ran ,„ IHm. I examined a great ,nany beet fields ,,t nearly all t",e d H ' re. ? facror.es ... M.ch.gan. There see.ned to be a tendency to use the p " e oual.ty a...l .nsfead of U.e best for growing sngar beets. It iee.ns to be 'a con , , m er. r .nthe.u.ndsof f.rn.ers who have not had experience .n g.owi.ig su^nr Le s tTa[ san.ly g,-ou.,d must be selected fo,- this purpose, and that legardk-ss ,^ whe he. ! po.s.sses a.,y fert. bty or ...,t. This error is given out in newspapc s. pu* 1 c ta k and lectures u.ostly by persons who have .,ot had practical expLriV.ice.' Til rob' f Ik «V.^l^r ".'■'■ l".!:*''''^"''' '''"■"' '" •^^'»^^"^l<''"t (;r.Mul Island and S.Z- t ,lt"h b . 1 ""'%'"/^^' ^"-''!"f>' •"■« 'l>'it- .sa.>,ly. Much of ,1... i„ ..nna.ion ev , . J •l"««»'"HM"te.l through the .States easf of Xeb.aska came throu-d, the .T , N 1.;: f T'"-, ""'""'• '""V'* '" "'■".^'■•'■<'- '«"t t''— -Mtcested in thel.uius. V.L I ri'T'; ''''''■{''''"'"■ '^''"''^^"' '■'''' ''"'y ""■«» ^■"'" """ UM|nisi,ion their . those on which SUU.I,- beets are g.o«„ about (;.-and Isla.uu.nd Xorlolk 1{, ni„ , UKk ...uck or waxy sods, the kin.l of .oil that would l,e sel.cted to ,-,,«• a ' 1 cop of c,.,„ o, potat.,eS,sthe kindth.t sh.u.ld be .selected to .,,ow a Joo.l croT, o sugar beets Ut ...urse. surticicnt .sand to prevent the soil f.om becm.i ,• . u cou.pact w.ll he p, but the fertilitv ,uust bj there. The soils i ,he S e . Mid gan. w),ere the b ets were g,,.wn last year for the factories, hav bee i, us r s.u.e t.u.e an,| a.'e pretty well exhausted. In int.-oducu.g th„ new r p t he Sf te of M.c „gan w.ll have to put into the business of g.-ow.ng sugar beets the verv be t S..S she h.s. an,i .,, a.ld.t.on the.eto she will have t., .-eM.rt .m.re or 'e^ o ' ..ike ,n th,. connect.ou ,s th.t the beets be planted in wider rows a.Kl fH.therap ,t ... the .-ow on these weaker .soils tlia.. was done last yea.'. ".crapa.t It ca.M.ot be .s.Hid that the expeiie.ice of the sugar beet c^rowers in Michi.m, last year was as a role euooura.i..g, but 1 tl.i..k the e;pe,ie..c;o tl.iVyea,- wK much .uore favo,able. d.-uatic co.,ditio.,s were very ba.l last ear a. x ess o ra.n ell at a fn.e wbe., it was not ..eeded, ,md the\vea,her \, Is exce luel 1 a a t.,.,e when beets ..ceded ...oisture nu,.,t. It would be ha,-., to sdect a viar no... unfavorable than a.st year in Mi. higan for g.„«ing su-ar be.'t 1,1 addiH.m i;^.^':' or •iiid'^^r'^h'irt'r^"^^' -r''^' '"■■'''''•« ^ «., IVf , . ' "'"^ *""^' """'*'' ^^'^"•'' «""icie,.t to keep .n ..,.e..,ti,.n nine t.cX ? tT"' ''"""T " '■'""I'V^"'. '""> 'h.-'t i" a .se.ti..n of the ...unt.y w e.e pra ! ^^^ JiKiL^'T'^tt"' "'" '"■' "f ^--i"« -^- beets u:zi:i i;.=-'^j^^'^p:!3i:..St.!;:;^r;;:nrb':r f j. i I 37 .lurinjf tho smson probably as Z d a™ W 1 .f > '"'" '",""" ^"''*' "' Micl.isan coHsiderinK the weather and the fact t a tht f 1 "!?''*" '''*' circumstances, arrnen. in growing s,.gar beet. The uccet Tth^% *":"' ^«'" ''f '''" ""'' '"'^ hmk, to the selection of a capable and l^ Wr/ . ""^"""^ """* '^"'^ entirely, 1 had extensive experience in 'Jowin s ' ,' ?' wu '"I'^rintendent who hkd United States. I at one tin.e exan .1 hn , .n t v k '" /-""rny ''"d in the he was -rowing .'iOO acres of sugar 1 ets ^ ,r ih " , , P'''*'^'**' "'''^■'■« »'' » farmer All in all, the year has aive. ^u -f h ."" '^'""'^ ^"''*' ""y- !,'reat deal of experience, and conse.' . ,!,»":?" "f" '""' f'"t"ry managers a •State in 1!K)0. I am .o ,h"1. '!'.' ""' '" '•:^'-' ^"'t" ^Hy be looked for in that siilf. feetlini,' beet pulp almi" with .rrMJn .nr) ...» i i i ,"".' ;■'"""'"'*■'' ""' '' ' iMitfr. an.l cheose tor he „ear hv.ulX.'i '"'^ .^'^f"''''^ '"•« ^l^nies t., produce nnlk, '1'.' i-t factor, ca,npHi,V :Zv ' fu ^ "'r ''^'''^; "f ■'^'i'''".^'"" -lunnJ ..,..,. f.n. 210.0U ton. .,f ,L.., .hicKi'JI./x:;- ;:^o!S* ,::r;;:;;f ■•• I Fa( TOIIIKS IN Ol'KKATIO.V. :^ their'illvS' dail} ;;;iS;tJtnr^ '■' »'- '■'""•'1 states with AlaiMe.la Sujrar ro,ni,.ny, Alvarado, Ual T,,,, ';'2pi:,v"'''"' ^""""*"^' ^'■'"-"-■'- ^^'•- ■^'>".->y Western- i^etSu.:. ''' 'p^n^CI^" rr '''■''''-'>^-^'-'-'y'^i'i""Va.ley ,W SuKarC^;n.: ^' Lns Al,„„r Sn-rar Com,.any. Los Alauii^os,' v:>il ' ^0 t ,d torn.a Meet Sugar and Hefinin,. fon.pH, v (Vocki-tt ' C.} " ,' 'l Z- ' " ' '"" Hiiwaiiiin sugar) ' ' ''ochtrt. Lai. (also U'tnics O.VL'-n Su-ar Con.panyVi.airrHndi.; On- '^^ » r.ili Suitar Company, Lehi, 1 tali " •■'«<» J -Mam factory at Lehi I Sbcing station, at Springville' ".'. ^""I K-io 1 -■>■-« \ all|.y Beet Susrar Company, K.ulv ' N ' Mev ""'^ AiMtTuan |!,.o( Sugar Comi.any. (Jmnd lsi„,d \,.l ' f ; •. -'**' ■^Mgar CoMipanv '■*""""'■""'• -^''l'. f^nuetly Oxn.ird lieH Aiiuiican H.'et Suga- ('omi.Jiliv \niV "li" v k ' ' r ; •■{'■»<' •^ugir Company ' ^" -^'"f""^' '^'^'^r., formerly Norfolk Heet Miim..snta Susiar CompanV. St.' l.ouisPark ' Minn '^''^ M. ,^n. S,,g.r C.a.pa,.y- Hay City, i^U .'' "" 40(. K M 1, \ ''t'5 ^''''^ '^"^■■"' Company. I^,n,e N V •«» An. I n " " *^ ""'l'«".V, ^preokols. ChI ' n Sugar (^..np»ny. Snnta Maria Cal -•"*'*' I ^\ aslnngton State Sugar Company, Spokane; Wash ^•" 3 ''ISO k f: t ^11, K' 3S Colorado Sugar ManufacturiiiK Cr>mpaiiy. C.nnd Junction, Colo 350 Standard Beet Sugar Conijiany. Ainus Neltr 6()0 Illinois Sugar Company, Pekiii, III 700 Bay City Sugar Company, Bcv City, Mich .[ 600 West Bay City Sugar Company. West Bay City. Mich 500 Peninsular Sugar Company. Caro, Mich 600 Detroit Sugar Company, Rochester, Mich 500 Alma Sugar Company. Alma. Mich 500 Kalamazoo Beet Sugar Company, Kalamazoo, Mich .")00 Wolverine Sugar Company, Benton Barbor, Mich 500 Holland Sugar Com|>any. Holland, Mich ;{50 Total capacity 19.100 Faitories Buildino. The following in a list .>f the companies now building factories in the I'nited States, with tlie location and capacity of each factory. Most of them will take part in the campaign of 1900. One or two will not be operated until 1901. American Beet Sugar Company, Rocky Ford, Colo l,i)(J6 National Beet Sugar Company, Sugar City. Colo 5(X) Continental Sugar Company, Fremcmt. Ohio 400 Empire State Sugar Companj"; Lyons. N.Y ."iOO Utah Sugar Company, Binghampton Junction, I tiih (auxiliary to Lehit ."150 Marine Sugar Company, Marine City, Mich 350 Total capacity new factories ;5,10O Proposed Facto! iks. I nder this hea«l attention is called to beet-sugar companies already organized and which give every inilication at this time of constructing their factories and havit.g them ready for the campaign of 1900 or 1JM)1. The Fort Dodae Beet Sugar Company, Fort Dodge, Iowa.— Articles of incor- poration have been tiled. Capital, 84o(), build a factory this year, and will begin early in the fall so as to have the plant completed by July I, 1901. It is proposed to build a factory of 750 tons daily capacity. Virginia Meet Sugar Company. Fredericksburg. Va.— This ccmipany has per- fected ])lans for building a factory at the above jiIhcc. either to conmience work in the canipaig!! of I'.tOtt or 1901, depending upon circumstances. The project at this time seems ((uite likely to materialize. The Northwest Beet Sugar Company. North Jud.son, Ind.— It appears that a company was organized to operate a beet-sugar factory at the above place under the name of the New K-igbiud Beet Sugar Company. This comjiany contra^ ted with uy 39 carding out these 2^.J^J^r^:£ZS^l- ^Jfl^ S^llb""- "' CON-SCMmON OF SrOAR IN THK rNITEI. Statkh ,n 189». The following is clipped from the Sugar Trade Journal • againTf 2.s"9i;^'rri';; s'Lvi'nc^^ro'f ?a ;-!«'«•;- ^''«'-»'«^" '•-. consumption of 18«9 consisted of IWW^S? » VJ '""^ '"" ^ ^^ I'««" c«"t- The of domestic heet sugar and 5' l^/t^nlTna^S and or r" T'"' "'*'"'• ";''^"« "- pnxluction of 249.9(;8 tons ; ami 1 5(^7. if, If f^""' '"«"''*• " ^•""' '><""fstic foreign raw beet su^ar. and 5,935 tos of tr2n Inn T' .^^"r"^'""' 2'ii.»« of imported. ♦ ♦ ♦ The amo,,, ^ T J V T^ "^"^^^ in 1899 was 2.(Mo,«7 JZ ^^Sch'the WiZ S.r''"p T'' '"'<' -"--"pS factured 1.385.008 t.>uB, or «7 9 per cent the in Lt^fT ^.""T^ ^""'P''ny "mnu- or 28.7 per cent. ; the beet-suUrmanuflcUirew u . ""l '^^T^ ^*"'-""» »"»» ton3, or 3 1 per cent., and the fordgn refiners 5^.% I"n ''"0".'''' '*"8'"-' "^-^"^ amount consumed in the raw Dl«nr*T,V.n n ^!i l'- ' -"^ '"' **•' P^"" ct'nt. The turbed stock of refined sugar we estWe at 20'.^^^ *" ""*'"-^* '""^- "^''^ ""di"" last year. ^ estimate at 20,000 ton.s. against 25.000 tons during Letter From Mr. .John L. Freese, Caro, Mkhi.uv Mr. S'm^un'd"C:n';riSi.S?L'"h'^^ ''^''^^'^ '-^ August. I asked driving, to tell me the .Ln'eand fdire'si^of^t prrrietor''.""^' t"" "'""' ' ^'"'^ held of beets we were at the time nas^in., »,K !», . '^ , . ' ^a«>n containing a and cultivated. A few days ag 1 ^'S fJ^^^^^^^^^ ^' ^""^'''^y »'''*"'-• that the beet Huga- industry was brine, «nfK.T',, ' J. '•'■"P"'''"'' "^ this farm. thatlwouldlikftokfiowTusHhathethS^^^^^ '" <>"t«rio, and ers standpoint. The following rer' li received ^'"' ""^ ^'■"'" » ^'"•'"■ n„o> 01 . , *"■"" Michigan. January 17th IflOI Dear Sir.— I received your letl . luh ;„„» j 1 ' find the beet crop the best crou bv f- ., u,.} *• ' ''"^ ''r*-' "'"*''l '-"ntents. I years. The first^r Sno7so Lod a lalT buH^w!, ^ ''T «''"'"" ^-"' *-' bid season for beets. Last ye»r I had fou"acres and h^H*'*^,^"*""""'' ""'* "''*" " beets, and 3 tons. 219 lbs. out for ta?e I recdv'ed 8284 70 f '""'*' ^^" '^«- "*'* cost me in the neighborhood of about 8100 I will Lf.' '^ ^'' "xt^ '='■"^•' *h'cl» beet crop will be the crop for a ew yea«^ [«! Ivtv ""^k" ^^'^ ^ *'''"'' ^he with their crop this year^ This is .HZVl^n geTt^thTLt'eV yoTifr '''^ 1 am. Yours truly, P. O. Box 694. •^- ^- I^REEsE. Beet Pru'. The following quantities of digestible matter in inn ik <• u o>n. ensilage have been determine'd by ttTalrL'li'eHmltttat'ioIf-''"' "' -»**«* Corn Protein P"'P- Kneiltee. Fat v.'.'.'.'.'.'..'. ^-^ 1-4 J^,^^«hy drates (sugar klid staVch, etc. j .' ." .' .' ,' . .' ." .' ." .' JJ.'J 5 g 1^ 1 wl if ^11 ; 1 m 40 ftdniirablo feed for all ntock, hoi*^, cattle, sheep, swine and p.ultry. \ et it. value for this i'»n)<.8ei« only beginning t<. be appreciated ui this country, though in Euroi)e the farnierH would no more think ot allowing beet pulp to go to waste than our farmers would think of curing hay for fuel. At the I Uh factory, a I-eeding Comn,iny has contracted for all the pulp for a series of years, and have erected ad- jacent to the factory a complete system of sheep and feed ii^ i«ns Two thousand head of cattle are fattened here each season for market. They eat the_ pulp greed- ilv consuming from UH* to 1'J5 lbs. per head e^ch dny, besides about lo ll.s of hay. These cattle command a very good market, the m at being very jnuy and tender, iho cattle fat ten (luiqkly under proper c.mditions.anda8 the com|>anygetthe|mlpfornoth- iii.' except the cost of removing itfrom the factory, the enteri-nse is a i.rohtahle one. "' Havin.' heard that beet pulp is fed entensively by the Feeding Station of the SUiuhrd Cattle Oomimny, Ames, Nebraska. I wrote the General Manauer.Mr. U. M \llen, for infcrnmtioii regarding the experience of his Company in feethng pulp, to which "l received this frank and cordial reply : v u i o. loni Amks, >eh., .laii. 24. liK)l. Dear Sik -I cm in receipt of yours of the Hit i inst , and send you herewith a few conies of a pul.licati.m. called IVoid M,„k,:ts «„./ fibe^f, in which we p.inted all we knew about the feeding of j.ulp to sheep in a' .experiment last winter. We have between :iO,(H10 and 31,(.(H» head of »heep on feed of pulp, grain,8org- hum hav &c and begin making shipihems to-morrow. The figines of this sheep feedingex'perin.ent will not be written up for a longtime, i>< that tie cannot u'lve vou aiiy infoni.ati.m regarding it. except that we have been feeding not more than one and ..ne-half pounds of crushed corn per day to aged wethers and from that down to a iK^und l.r less to lambs. The crushed corn is mixed with the pulp ni the feed boxes, and in additi.m we feed sorghum-hay and other kinds of hay. F or s..me time we have been passing the s-rghum frough a cutting machine in order to lessen the consumption ot sorghum, as the price of hay is rather high this winter. I am not able to tell you the feeding value of the pulp c.mpared t»ith turnips •ma man.'olds. We have fed wiiole sugar beets or cattle beets, quite largely, but 1 do iiotUiiiik that any of us could say whether sugar beets or pulp is the more valuable We never fed high grade sugar beets, of course, but regular forage beeLs and distillery beets fnmi French seed. I rather think that the sugar beets are of more value than the pulp, but this is not a practical question for our purposes, aa we obUin the pulp from our sugar factory without any charge, exce|.t the cost ot switching charges to 95„'{16 1S5,K<8,596 4. (X) I 701 388,7!»3 4.!»ll.Hfi7 2,221,486 71'<,024 8.711,889 1,899,864 9«i,195 8,2? 0,273 1,132,&'58 24,77.5 5.014 7,795,747 90.524 8;fO,3,<)4 227,469 Raw. Qoantity. Value. 16,596.848 16,749,028 4,40^,907 6,702,.5'5 188.205 28,615: 226.414 87.4.86 32.866 229,87.5 67.782 4,629 20.8.956 47,0621 1.603 211 1 282,012 :<,606 88.288 16,06:i lbs 7,277,169 10,9.52,260 16,.881,476 89,701, 789 1,117.139 248,600 2.292,204 45,992,228 ■•2,68, 448,967 633,729 1,436.604 36,84i 10,016 10^,696 1 540,071 1,006,127 27,106 2,291,432 2.382.749 I. 60,196 1,106 87,49* 84,381 Total I 8 China . .. 4,921, ii;« Peru 87,fi>*7,43l 26, 81 5. .838 107,413.117 138,p;«»,9.89 ti.:<56,377 1.421'., 300 4,810, 14t! 1.55,879 815,953 1,392 272 5.l;l.5,ti84 2,179 24.9J7 1. 480.816 1,20.5,163 3,556.781 4,704,570 184.90<> ,{0,467 172,131 «> L'lit 12.201 oii.liM) 142.t>79 166 13,688,367 79,026 .{78 12.8 709.!»74 345,456.673 i83,986.495| .W2,]31 2,407,070 3,710,688 10,711,733 5,199,498 .88„5.50,»iH2| 1,319.071 1,787,479 2,836,870 376,617,435 65,213 64,996 9,332,022 m;9 428,773 211,917 Sandwich Islands •Spanish possessions in the Pacific . Central America British East Indies British Africa A untria Japan 10,017 1,597,0771 1.0!»8,.U0i 1,849,748 829,817 153,038 1,.<77 Total 1 152,690,897 701 32.19.S 39,7,180 2,673,698 9.818 20t.849,S09 25,44.'),867 7.188,857 827,562..t07 2,624 13,.%6,:n6 i 179,871 .5,149,077 3,4W.878 1,687,787 13,328,568 75,087 161 4,620.161 53.<,570 S3,663,1S7 i36,:no 19,620,819 ,58 281,353 35,190.526 247,5fifi,106 21,174,260 37,648,1931 891,85fl 1,270,742 778,362 13,191,1071 3.5,000.6401 26,880; 430,290,307 i 840.644 6,876, 69t 457,806 572,880 18,97t. 26,9U; 18,410 340,686 692,347 699 8,826,6as 2,7.56,864.4661 966,169,42'i Statement showing the estimated population of Canada for each fiscal year from 1870 to 1891 as published by the Deiuirtnient of Asjriculture. FiHcal year. 1871. 1872 1873. 1874 1876 18'.'6. 1877. 1878 J«7<) 18b.. Population . Fiscal year. .S,518,411 3,610,992 3,668,320 3,825,306 3,886,534 8,949,163 4,013,071 4,078,924 4,146,196 4,216,389 1881. 1883. 1883. 1884. 1885 1886. 1887. 18«8. 1889. 1890. Population, jl Fiscal year. 4,336,604 4,383,819 4,433,863 4,486,!i96 4,538.790 4,589.414 4,638,109 4,688,147 4,7-<9l617 4,792,im 1891 . 1892. 1893.. 1894.. 1895.. 1896.. 1897. 1898.. 1899.. 1900.. Population. 4,846,377 4,899,273 4,963,667 6,009,296 6,066,.562 5,126,436 6,186.990 6,248,315 5,.-?12,600 6,378,800 Manitoba not included in estimated population until 1871. British Columbia not included in estimated population until 1872. Prince Edward Island not included in estimated population until 1874. The Territories not included in estimated population until 1881. The above statement of the importation of sugar and of the estimated population, i':k»Ji 48 for which I am indubtod U) the CustumH DepHrtinent at Ottawa, »how that during three conHecutive jierifjds of ten years ouch there have been imported into Canada of sugar, mw and refined, the following number of pounds : — In the ten years ending Lbs. Valued 4(>6!>r. 61,544,9*K) 1*W 2.877,687.»82 69.722 657 These figures show that the average yearly increaHe in iniportationH in the ten years from 1890 to IWtO was 3;<.228,()70 poun'ls, or 42.9 per cent, greater than that for the ten years from 1880 to 18"0 ; but the average yearly increase in population is only 15 6 per cent greater during the former than during the latter jieriod. The proportional increase, therefore, is considerably greater in sugar than in population. Tpon the basis that one factory has the contracts for .5,000 acres of sugar beets, yielding 15 tons of beets per acre, imrt that KM) lbs of beets yields 1(1 lbs of granu- lated sugar, it would re(|uire iit least nineteen factories, running full time, to pro- duce the sugar iniporteer cent, of the total cost of cultivating and delivering at the factories, from the above re.|uired 1.42.^.r. In conclusion, I (fuote from Herbert Myrick's "Sugar: A New and Profitable Industry," underadvantagesof the industry :— "To agriculture, itaflfords a new crop that puts into the farmer's pocket mimey that would otherwise go out of his com- munity and out of the country ; by thus reducing the area of other crops it helps all farm values ; the beet retpiires good farming, and is an educator in thrift and does not rob the soil. " To labor, the beet sugar industry offers a new field for emjtloyers of botli skilled and unskilled labor of all ages, and pays a satisfactory price for it in money that would otherwise go out of the community and out of the country. "To capital, it pays a fair return, and under proper management should prove an absolutely safe inveistment. ■' To other industries, the beet sugar business contributes largely. The annual expenditure for labt>r and material, such as coal, lime, coke, bagging, chemicals, oils, etc , » ould amount to millions of dollars. " To real estate, the beet sugar industiy creates value." Mean Summek Te.mi-erati re in Ontakio. June — .1 uly — A ugust . Through the kindneas of the Director of the Meteorological Office, Toronto, I liHve been furnished with i; map showing the mean temperature curves for the past summer (June, July, and August) over the larger portion of Ontario. A mean of (('" for the above summer months is considered to be the most favorable tempera- ture for the high develojnuent of the sugar beet. Other conditions, however, such as Minfall length of .seasons, etc., have to be considered. Our two experimental iK'iiits, Aylmer and Welland. have a mean summer temperature of practically 67° ; iNiwmarket, between 06° and 65" ; while Wiarton, lying still more to the north, produces invariably, with proper cultivation, sugar beets of very high quality. The extent of the Province where sugar beet.s can be successfully grown for factory pur- P'ses can be determined only by actual trials. ■, > showing Ontario (JmM- August, 44