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The following diagrama !Muatrate the method: L'exemplaire filmi fut reproduit griee i la gAnArositi da: Bibiioth4qu« Agriculture Canada Laa Imagea suhrantae ont M raproduites avac la plua grand soin. compta tenu de la condition at da la nattet* de I'axemplaira film*, at m conformitA avac las conditions du contrst de fllmage. Laa axemplairaa originaux dont la couverture an papier eat imprimia sent filmte an comman^nt par la premier plat at an tarminant soit par la dami4re page qui comporte une smprainta d'Impreealon ou d'llluatration. soit par la second plat, selon le caa. Tous laa autras •Kamplairas origlneux sont filmes sn eommencant par la premiere page qui comporte une smprainta d Impmaaion ou d'llluatration at sn tsrminant par la damlAre pege qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un dee symbolee suiventa apparaitra sur la demiAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le caa: le symbols — ^ signifie "A SUIVHE". le symbols ▼ signifis "FIN". Lse cartes, planchee. tableaux, etc.. peuvent «tre nimeo « dee taux de reduction diff«rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour «tre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est fllm« i partir da I angle sup4risur gsuche. de gauche k droite. et de heut en baa, an prenant le nombre dlmegee n^cear^ira. I.aa diagrammea suivants lUuatrent la mithode. 32* 1 2 3 4 S 6 ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN LXXV. BUTTER-MAKING ON THE FARM IN SUMMER, BULLETIN LXXVI. BUTTER-FAT IN MILK AND CREAM. n H. H. DUK. ai»., nm-ot or luin bpimhiw. "»""'» " *" "MPAmTMMn o. JtMM »Wt 1S»» ■^OBICUZTUSM TORONTO PRINTED BY WARWICK ft SONS ^i MiNzsniB OF AamrmhTunm Hon. John Dryden, Toronto. Oitirio Agricultural CoUege and ExperimenUl Farm. GaelDh. under eontrol of the Minister of Agriculture. J4iit8Mau,M.A. ▲07U0BT BOABD. O. 0. Jamm, M.A., amUarif JoM I. HoMON, C%*imm D^lpaty Miciitor of Agrioolton, ToraalOb Bulletin lxxv BmER.„AK«G ON THE FARM IN SUMMER worked fa™Tr,f;:.rd*?'"v''''»'»"°* t^j.z' "*' •■ '" "» owe of chewtt Th. ckl!f ?^ ^ "" «">•">'"« or fMlori™ « nor, uniformly good ,„iiw°^f °^'""^ of .„ch a ^.L" if of wM t'^^.t K""^°" -"°"»» fo„r.«„ e„„ e„. . •i W xH8 Stablr Ai * ritk ^°'® commencing to m Ik tJ? ^ "'^ °*>*"n drink at iSkl;' •""'«'"''• •»■' '»• *^t t»r3^" ""t'™" »»"f«d QiiDutier ploth fastened on the ii«a«I-5*^ J^ ®® °' ^oar thicknesw^H :r^.'^'P^«--therimon;S:^."±™?^?y means of a tin S^" T«^^«g Me cioth, and makin» ««'J "' '"° ««^'ner, thus seonr^lU ■-ipMrator. Whtn all the oowi are milked thev am t^k.^ ♦« ♦!. 21» ^ '^ ®i^^'** ^'"'* P'"**""' **>« windows and doon beina ?l2r?„T»."'''* " poMible to give the .table a good S. * # J;^ *\**'® ■^'*" ''^«" **»« pastures begin to dry w we .l..n feed to each oow in the ,table from twenty to thirty n^nS TdA «# fcTJS::^'-^*'' f "*^^\^ "'» haye^abourthj;^"".^^^^^^ !J!??^ '"* vigorously at the present time. Later wTahallfeS •bon the same quantity of green tare, and oats, of wwSh we hHe •boat an acre and a-qnarter, «,wn ten or twelye day. aCZ nil! w^"o »«■ Daiby. We have been usinff a Laval "Baby" sena»tnr No. 2 (hand power), for over a year, and like it very mudi. TS^Uy we have purchased an Alexandra Na 8, and althoJah we ^^^l 1^:^a\: •»'?"•' "S^Wne has been ii use at Am t some tiin<^ and u giving good «ti.faotfon. It i. a cheaper mwhine tZn Jj!i?^rt 0«"^ °>«'hod of u.ing i. a. follows : AOe^^S^Z^ot the bowl ha. been attuned the tap is ooened fmmTiH «. T^ •nd the warm milk aUowed to JoV'inrtht m^hi^e. Tt SS any mtlk to jUno %nto tlu bowL Some havA h*A ♦•««iki« aT^^ t of care in this particular. When STl^t orth^thrSk^'^^^^^ STSL ^i llT*"* '""^""I^^ ''•','" '^•'•'' *o «»«« the oSl "t 01 t&e bowl. The cream u then cooled down tn •»>»»» akov^. hdt. the machine and aU uteiSs VhorouXy wLI^ 1« Ak ^JT'" made net and tidy—, eve^iiry X«ld bL^A^Wi!?* ;?f*'^ then taken back tJ the rtablefor^J STyeiL ^d t^!r^T;^!^^ ." the crewn p«l and kept cool until twJSr fourhJmJ iSi^ l"« ^^ naye a neat, dean room in or near the «tabl« ^h^tu^ / mi^ht be .et. and when *p«ted ie crim iufd bT Ske^Ti^I dwry or oelhur, while the .Urn-milk would he whi^ v! j . °. . feedW) The c«un i. kept in onelZ (ten^^n^^ ti^ ^"*lf\' ha. a for .tirring when tiie ^Lm S^er^^oKd J SSlir"' Sometimea tiie milk is set in deep can. or crBamMTln IST* * water. When tiii. i. done tiie milf ^/ut b'TS. whSf ^I^T •nd cooled to at leart 45« IWirenheit befo«i .hZSIJ! J^ :ri!!i!l!2 *S ?J?_'^«-^y ". ?«>» t^ -eP^ttor. ex<^t^tTS I I before he milk U,„e. thy!k: ^o'ot^^^^ '"'* '^'"^ •''^•/« ■kim-mUk along with the cre.ni. ^ *''~^ ^ ^^^ off wme day rnd*S:tu"ri./\£"^^^^^^ a week^^I,,,.^ Wedne. to about 65« by LttinJ the cwiS^^'"'' ''^ "•*"" ">« ««»•'» i- warmS water at about 90* to f OOo We „^" /" •°°'»»«'' ve«»l oontS aneww the purpose very ^ell tu? * *^* ?*".' **"' » ^ashtub wu! jet. to the pronTtem^j;^ wien itT""/; '^*?' -"'"hI untiUt Ripening Vat/^jr wt in a ^m wh«ri A ?'^*' ^'•^ »° » " Boyd ■ame aa the cream. The ne^^f^ *" the temperature is about the when the weather beoSmea ^Jry t^rm^t" ^„°^"™>«» « doneVbuJ while it i. cool. The or«^m ^ii ',™ Z "^"1^ «'?"'•«*'» the moaning ■ary. This matter of ri^^Ti !l"f ^ "^J *? "P«n earlier if n«2 PorUnt one in prepari^TtSr for^iT"* ""^ ^^^ °''*'» " • very iS^ profitable yield of butSf The n°L ^^.^Tu*"*' "»»'''^«'. and toU^ at to when the cream S rin« J ^ ™'* **»•' ^ <»«» ^ive at prSLfc about a. thick M^ "£?,r ~""' *"°"«^ '» '»»tas^n m'^T^* then chum it without allowing ittTslld a?^7 *^ ''**"™' ""^ ^« Our average temperature £r«k • /^^ ^°'»««'- ^ngingon^twodEj^Klerorir"* ^"^« ■"«•»«' » 08«»^ Panng it for ripening • iril 7hir "'^ '^ * "*"»*«' «'n«ar to pZ perforated tin .t«ine? into ?he cJurT^'^Tfe '"' ""'"'^ '^^"gSI^ out with a litUe water. For e verv^n "'li*'"? °*" " «»«» "^ dram (about half a teasno^nfah nK £ P*""".**" **' *"«"" we add^ folor. This is done bSb^sS^tL tl, u"^*" ' ^^ Yorkshire buC -parti . . j„,^ ^'iZ^'^'d t tSr"' '" *'^ P"'*^^ iJX ''^^"' we use is a No. 6 " Daisv " tL .u ing the first ten minutes of oh.»t Jf ' .u. **' '*»'*o *>'™es dur- amoved to allow the g^To ^1 ™rif ^^^ P^"« ** *^« bottom i, fifteen to twenty minStoJl^?!; «^^T*I!,« "'"•"^ occupies from revolves at the ite <3 sS7'^i*^!? °r ***'" ""^ '^°"'- The chum -oonas the butter "bS'' wwlhi '""' *?, '^« »»»»te. !u •omid, or by the clearinrof 'the its^n Z **" *'^ *^« "^^"^ or two of water for each pailful S ^ 1 *^^®'' ^« •dd a quart water varying witli the da^and theZmfi'^' ,<«jnperature o?the warm day one can scarcelv h^v! lu ^""^^^^^^ of the cream. On a chill theUcles orbSi£ and mlTh^^ T "^'i^ '' -" '^- t me the water dilutes the butten^Uk allnwin "' ''^*'* *' **>« ""^ tion of the butter. The .^""^^.^•"°'^»°8» "ore perfect aenara. granules are about the size";fgSoTwhS^?''""r.V"*^ the buttw the churn is stopped, the b*«rri°!ktrw? '.^r tl^ ^ •ulBoient to Act the but^ .nd ^Z T^'^'*'^°• ^ V^^ wiully half fiU the chum wlth^LT^^^A '*!? »>«tt««-«iik. ^ draw uf the mllkj w.u™ t£ ^'tfi^J' ' '•'l^*P^<* *«"»% •«"! wjter. which geneVy cL^wT??" Infr*"**. 1^ P"" ~W •dded the thiM time. tS botS^i! T:„ ii ' *•."**' "'•*'• "^^ *• churn for fiftwn minutii or hill *^ h«„ •'i^'''^ ^ ^^^^^ *» «»• added while .till in the churn iL^iT'^e t'lTTir :**»' -'' »* from the chum. olMed In » L#*L? u ^ *''• ^^^^' *■ wmored .pr^ upon . V S:^ wor\er"*t£^*"JL„'S'^:^^^^ 't " ^^•^ hM a lever faetened atthe lownr ««-S i? ^^^ the front and ounce for each pound of butSr!! ??t.« *"r ■*'' '.' '*»« '»'• «' ow .ift«IonbymeJn.ofrha"rdU* iffSr Jr" "*\*''»""» *« "O'^ the butter ind .alt are 3r .ILrf .K "?u « ^'^ •'^'»' ''•'^ <>' it •dded, and the battel CkVi7iji'"/i: T* «^ **»« "J* *• wiBciently to remove thlex^ o? i^tT to io'J*?,''- . ^* '^^^ ' the aalt in every particle of butt«r th^' **°~n«h'y inoorpomte making a firm/compaS bSy Si ii^P!*T*'"« "•tw.k.," and print, made by meiSTof ci'ver^^bntS!?"' " .*?*" P"* «? *» Pound pound quite accurately, and thel^ ^IT *^ ■» •■ to print a ^^ print i. then ^riipJdin^Z^^^^^J^^ «*«•' o' J*bor. wrapping a pound. On thie SeSTf. "i^LF*?*-*»»* *•«* th»t when folded the woitb tLS^n 5 ^f^^H *" "«^ • ^J foUowing, which «.rves M an'^JShlSrti^^^^ °' ^^'^ »»^«'^' *»»• • FRESH BUTTER MAOB AMD ruT Vt MV THI EXPERIMENTAL DAIRY, OUELPH. bil: rb^t^T^r^^^j'tSri^,"^^ •a--*- - ^^ twining four «,(,od«, trayl wiUi *.f'«n- • *?* " "*^« «' '^oH con- « plaid a tin vSLerfiU J^JiSf ?£?"'"«/?J^ t« cent« inWhich cool room until thTbox i. fjfl wSn^v**- ^^^''^^^^ *• kept in a merchant in the city of GuSph *" *' " taken to a commiaion not cufmThanuTi.'?^^ ^ ^"tter. and I do tJ»t pursue exactlv S- !ll!"L..?*f". •«».fe«oely two perwn. ' ™ xxicMKHj m «u the detaU.; but I »BI»0. w« DO HOT DO. l»g 0»B. «• «» • whol. ye.r wilhoat owdin^ or br^A- t* ""-.^b fool JZ "" "^'^ ^ ■*«"• '"7 long in the .U^ -«.»h hold, tt, .««.''r5-,a's::.:i"r"«' " '""^ 12. Nor Add ecaldina water M fk ' ' »d ttX^tt-rut^j; rttSk*' "•^" """^ » 'op." 1*. Nor itdd ooann mU k„ ' •Id »p tb.t -./u,?^°'„c'j^UTs.'"r *•' ™p»«' » To those whft • 1. wrvice m the home. imbhghed by Bmallfield & Som ftl^r '«^'»™ending a ^mphkt «d also a publication by ]&5? 1^' ^?t "^"«»« ^ «Sate wg about twenty cents. IS i. 5l'5°^^"' *>' BnKJkviUe. Ont. coS-' , ,.„„ jjj press. ■a --- «, Bulletin lxxvi. BUTTER-FAT IN MILK AND CREAM. VA«UT,oir in Fat or Milk wom th. H.bd and from IMDIVIDCAL Cows OF THE Hb«D w-k (morning and •remrg)X^ou?^ ZT** °' ^" f**- ''^i'i • timM a week/ We find that wh?i. ;«?• ? , * ''**'^ *"'* *>«»« •%»»* widely in the per^nt of if TT ?***!»**"•* "O''* n>V wd do vj,y whole heHdo2rnre,Wwf,^rw1y *° "^'f. y«'. ^^e «ilk f«n, tK t«*to made during the mnnfl * V^' variation in quality-in fact April .k.,trL'j:,rfo,tir,°:2-i'rr- """■ •«' d.y. : *^ ^ °"'™"'« •»'* •'•»'»« •• a«ermin«d in eight i 1 jMorning .. Ev«ning .. Homing .. Evening .., Morning ... Erening ... Morning . . . Evaning ... Morning . . . ETMung ... Morning . . . ETening ... Mwning . . . , Ereoing .... .Mornii*^ .Evening •I i S.8 4.2 8.8 3.2 8.5 8.6 2.6 8.6 2.7 2.6 2.8 8.1 2.8 4.2 2.8 4.8 i 4.0 4.8 ' 4.2 4.6 8.9 4.0 8.0 8.8 2.0 8.6 S.O 8.0 4.6 4.8 4.0 6.8 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.0 8.7 . 4.0 8.2 2.8 8.0 8.2 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.6 i 4.6 8.9 4.4 4.8 4.0 3.7 8.8 4.2 30 2.6 3.0 I 2.6 I 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.4 4 8.8 4.4 36 4.4 3.6 8.8 4.6 3.6 8.2 4.8 8.6 8.2 3.4 8.1 3.2 2.8 4.0 ji 4.2 6.0 3.8 4.6 8.6 8.8 3.6 8.6 3.2 3.2 4.0 4.4 i 4.1 4.2 8.7 4.2 3.6 8.4 8.0 3.1 3.1 8.0 4.1 8.7 ^^•^^ ^^"in.j^i5S"^ - :-- - 10 moming and eveninij mUk mi5 iTSl. • . wpmitoly in the n.ix«l Silk rfn>on.§«„'5 ^HSg-Jlr^" "«'• » ""^ *• Morning milk, 48 tiub . Evening milk, 26 tri!!::::: corning md eveninfr milk mixed, 16 trials „.".. ffiffhert. LowMt. Average. mflk daring 26 Ho 75^ T "?•'*' "»*•, in the evening «.d "«in|„i,ifri2g'?6':S.Kio'^-^t "'""'"'"' ""^ AND THK LaOTOMKTKB RbADIHO. where it is thougS iwLblTlS^Sl?'"^*^^^/ ^^^ ^^^ <^ foUowing fom^ula reS,mme£SS*l;rDTl'^^^^ ^' <'-^) V «»« Solids not fat = L±_2-i£ Total Solids 3.8 L + O. 7F L is lacometer reading at 60<» F. F is the per cent, of fat. 8.8 — + F. ^'t:^T^\^'l,tl fS.:Pn«""*e»7 the same results is by 4~this ^ves 3ie solWs not 1/ r*'1'*T*^"« *"«* ^»^*« not fat. *^^ ^ *"***^ together the fat and the soUds Comparing results obtained bv the „«» n# fK;» *--^^,- ^ \ I ^■A J I I a tt! tt;irtt^»A»^i; ^o. of triala..,. ^wtometer reading.' .' ,' rat toeording to Kibcock toirt' So id« not fat by forSofa ,\ '5a&S«?2^^ njS" '°"°? °y oaem. analraii 0.48 0.11 S3.10|32.22 3.861 S.fiS 9.41 9.11 8.98 8.88 13.2712.66 12.8412.38 0.22 m the rapid analysis of milk ^^J^hJT^ experimental work or the per cent of wVr. o? a^' "f SnoTST^ °^.*"," app«,xim. Jy' a few minutes and at small cort. **' ^^ **' *°**1 «>"d«^ m PaV fob Mi.K .0C0BD1.O TO PKB CBXX. O. ..x. « lar^ly cpmposX fat-Itum 1^, »^j' butter because butt:; milk 18 an index of its value for buttef Therefore the fat in Jt^ a p.per basis on whl^Oi tovalue milk for cheese-making, per') Jo ;oTnd?. '^^rthe'^tt^rt:^ '^^ '■?•" '' ^ 20 cent, whether in cheese or in butter '""^ 1« to 30 cents per pound vaHiste LTr^iJ-jifer***"* ^^ all milk, while the fat .. 4. This method wiU^r*;!iT."?_"^'<>^PO"»'l« of milk^ Wfti any other system thathiis w CT? «o*^^nearIy what is just all tempution to tamoer wiSr«^?w 7^ *'i®**' bwides taking awav ch6e«» Sr butter. '^ ''''^ "*'^*^ **«"«»«» for the manuftSfuJe o? 12 Tbbtino Milk. A device which we have uILdinT?« ^ • *5° m?? "I^^^ " PO^^We. year makes the yrorkot m^'^l^lA^'L^^^^ ^''^ '<>' o^er a A gallon bottle is iept fS "3 Thif £ul^ ""''j?'^ ""«^*- containing three openings-^ne foi a «laJ^ tynh " *? °'^'"''^ T ^ «topK50ck, one for a irlau funnel «nH n?l Vphon having a glass air to escape when tKtfuftn^ one small opening to allow the syphon has bJ^nTn use for a^^^^^^^ '^^^•, Such a bottle and attention, neither Li? iSlentv ""^^ - ^""^ ''*'"^~" "° two acid measures, one of Xr^S?Xni K^*?^'* "P"^^ With other is being pouidbtothl test W^^^^^ ^\^ "'''^ '~'» '^« proceeds vei| rapidly °*"^ containing the milk, the work <»;uXLr^'Tn^^^^^^^ -- of ..curd,, the Babcock tester. The c^ZV^, ^I,' 5. fk. tw? ' *""*" ""'' acidiJZtrk'"^^^^«°^«'«-^^-<^ -"Virin some cases the sn.allbrusLhouldS:r?^rrni^,rtcl% ^ Tbstino Whby. from the oheese ou,h tS to £^ t^^Z ««• ioun*. The dripping, pi«88u>K. "*'"'• "»««««■'«« V improper hmdling .nd th. or5S""„l:S:,%rrc7of^Td '^ " "Wor.kim.mi.krJS Kwrmo Whet and Skih-mhk ,wht. »tn^;-rre:x^ri;L.';^" -^'-""'^ •«-•-' IW, J,luJ, SI"".'™ '"'^'??. •'«»'>«• by be»lin I i > Ic 13 from S;?hJr ^rrti'^^hutSj^^^^ ^^^^^ '-«"«^o«- - worth Md corn. What ww^SSf^u'^''"'''^ compared with middling We doubt whetherTm^^SS^'^Y.^;^^^^^^^ the farm and the feeding of^TtoJC onlv olJ^^' °? *^'^*"« ^* *« thnve on it at all. "*^ °^^ o^ animals that can Thk Pat of Orbam. chl^Ka^c^'^tS^^^^^^^^^^ ^ P^^'o- of both operator* and patrom.7Cu1<2^1"fey5 ^"H^^ ^^ '*»« "^^^ds of conceded by nearly aU tIVAk?^ ^ do justice in a cheese factory is or on its f/t hauSf^Lc^o^'^^r^Ir'^'^K^'^'^^^^ That the fat b«iis is Sie diZJ nnl ,'^«* P''"^ ^*" "BtablisheS. •epamtor creamery none d^nf w^ *^ ***?P* ** * centrifugal or Babcocktest,isli?eirtosup7a:ntS^^^^ '°' '»*. o^thl creameries is a query am3 rril^ '^^ "* cream-gatherimr firm sent the folloX SliT^^^ T" *' P"*"^*- A leS aeveral inquiries ^h r«LT* f^"*®*** '*<»"**^ •' " We ha^W Babcockjster^?b''thXSes''m*'^^^^ '' applyfi' ^ bottles. whlh^SSfsW^w^fiT^^^^'^P"^^^^^^^^ W^'w^S; •oppose they can be mlie tT^l^l ZhT"- ^{^^'^' ^'''^ '^^ ^e about this matter 1 Do von SSn wi t!?® « .^'**' " ^0" opinion botUe. can be made to take tK.S*'f ?.? ^^^ with theseSre.^ In testing 3,«un the follo^/i? f **** e*^**"' <*°™ » " it is best to dilute 1? *S wZidtSam^? ^^^^'^^J '" «»» <*" r««Mn«8 by two Far «rl.« !? * .^"ome of water and multiply the /at a iSuJ *^k a^Je^SeTeSSirn *T?*^-«^« P«' ^^ «^ Jjt maj be used (for deSS ^ M^L*^ '^"S^"^ P«' ^^ ^ Ts^t^s:*" <«:2e5^^o%.^'"'*' ^-* "•' ^««i>. or Without ?McS?y l^e ^^H ' 1r W^« P«><^ "V be s«npled with a «mai r^^nt S^^.^ ^"^""^^ be rimied into th^e tes?K •« •tatiuuuy! ->""»■»». DejuwHn uotber u whu^ the pockato » not undiurted.' """" " "' "'*' """ «"" *» U>« bulb, iriii^ i 14 > K (I .1, Total delivery is 305 , «• . ..• .■.;.. Total Sale of butter gives 350 lb. at 20c. or $70 • ' "^^'^^ " Therefore-— •'flci',,j i •■' ,0*L' ..; ( ii "^r^^Hj-l* "126 or 138.68! , h":;,? . ^« 22.96 X 60 •• i-i^T... «._ . : ^otalf^iviaed. -/•■If ^' ^69 99 > and ounds >d)of iBting balb « '-, ma