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And yet how 'Thy value n But when on The virtue w not Bhovf From th« the present, apon M, perl and yet it u Within the p larly during i attention haa whoM avooat than in fonni ooUege races, letic oiubi in known, but t ■tmke when " tion to rowiu] tion leat mui over brain, as peared to thin Rev. Dr. The primitive time with delight, < aud pen, and ] would soon be better than a crammed witl muscular deve college crews i the civilized w lar or more States. Thisi twenty years- patriotism loon uOuBiuerationsi: npon irowing Now the Bar, Clergy patronii II HOW TO ACQUIREHEALTH, STRENGTH. S MUSCLE INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. TO aZALTB. S^'ii.'j'"?!,"*® nilaer's splendid hoards of wealth v^.^^L^i" Kreatestfiestof bleMings-hMUh m? ".'V thy presence for one ainule hour! Th?; when on Blok bed laid and rwk'dwth nain icSlS" ****"" aU to woo thee ££S ^ThJSt,^'"^ V^'7 ^ ">« poet wld : Butl^h-^^?" *r '•''"own Ull thou art fled ; nut When once lost, wa thon »«« i,„«„i.. i?_ • n..7\„u "" "" ": " ^nown Ull thou art Thi iH^.riSfl^LyiL'^*- too keenly know laiQ Thi» iHw,,- -kT-'c"- r' "'*'» «>o keenly know not ""wiw" • '"'*"' """• PO"****'*"* could From th« day. of Hippocrates down to the prewnt health faaa »1^. been dilat^ and yet ,t u. alway. fresh and interestinV Wuhjn the past half-sentury, and par c?! -tti^nr "u^ '*l* '■"* twenty-tiveyeaw. more attention ha. been given to health by those whoM avocation, had a tendency to impair it than in former day.. Prior to that time. ooUege race., public gymnasium., and a.hl letic olub. in thi. country were not only un- known, but unheard of. It was a bold «r,.ke «vhen Yale College turned it. atten- tion to rowing m the face of great opposi- tionleat muscle should obtain asoendincy over brain, as some of the more orthodox ao- peared to think, or professed to do so. The Kev. Dr. Theodore Cuyler, even in those primitiye times, hailed the first boating club with delight, endorsing the same with voice and pen, and prophesied that our oolleBes ' would soon be able to turn out something bettor than a lot of lean, lank dyspepticsT crammed with learning, but destitute of muscular development. He ha. lived to see ooUe^e crew, the admiration and boast of the civilized world, and nowhere more popu- «/*"' ^F^ general than in the United States. This wa. aocompli.hed in less than twenty years— as during our civil war patriotism loomed over and above all nthA- ooBSiuerations, putting a temporary check npon irowing and other athletie exereiwfc Now the Bar, the Faculty, and even the Olergy patroniM and participate in rowing, There are three American gentlemen whowname. will alway. be honoai^ ftJ their penutent efforto in the cauu of health, •trength and muMle. viz: Dr. H*U,«^ the.troogman of Boaton, Man. ; »nd FraiS I rlTcili^' "d proprietor of The Jfew rork Hipper. u „ our belief that their SH'T^^r"^ teaching, foundered .^ foater.^ athletic in America, from oolle»« boating to ba«,baU-certain it I. the fSr did not exi.t here before Mr. Queen'. wS^r WM launched. The Germans hrst SiJrK ed the gymnawum here, and they .till hoM their own, for a -Turn Halle' i. now J. Th fk! '"^••"ty ^ith them «. their aauonal beverage, lager bier. Thi. may be tr«,ed back forty year, or more, but tha Turner, paid UtUe attention to rowing Md none at all to ba«baU and mo.t Sr ^ door exercue* To-day warcely a viUaae k wuhout Its gymnasium, and on^a m^^J^ liberal scale, the attendanto praoti.inirMi» exercise, they have an inclinat'on* fo7 [Christian Association^ a. well « if at all, live ( and remain James Ward, hou^h born in ad much of his goina on for run, box and 9utly ; Joseph is equal to ten tearing, lungs, Dietz, aged BR from New )tl to riding iu the distance is also accre- miles at Fair- ohn Sheffield, d go through P fifty yards ; ile ; 3rd, run 1 hurdles, tea a mile; 6th, ights over the i the starting- it everybody 9tand should ty of health, air exercise, gives tone hve the better tn experience ootors for an I retina, dur- «ud Bovtuity msulted (in« New York, i,8ui Vt*a' HOW TO AOQUIRK HEALTH, STRBNOTH, AND MUSCLE. oisoo, Montreal, and London, Liverpool, Dublin, Paris, and Berlin), not one of whom could eflfeot a cure, or partial cure ; or, in fact, do anything. Constitutional treatment effected more than all else— regularity, ab- atinenoe, electricity, diet, and air were the agents, although it cost a small fortune be- fore arriving at this simple conclusion. One of the greatest fortune* was accumulated by a physician who gave advice and medicine for a shilling — his advice was exercise, and his. medicine a tonic. Everybody t[ot Uetter, and everybody consulted with him. It was the custom of a very noted Scotch occulist to send his patients a mile or more to drink from a certain spring having no more virtue than our Croton— in this way he got them to exercise out of doors, and the result was increase of appetite, better sleep, and more strength. The rest was comparatively easy to him, and he soon effected what ap- peared wonderful cures. People inclined to or already having consumption, when taken from a sedentary life and being emoloyed out of doors, get strong and hearty almost imper- ceptibly— as said before, you cannot have too much of it. When the weather is inad- nussable, procure a pair of 6 or 61b. wrought- iron dumbbells and use them anyway yon hke— they can be had for less than a dollar Do not wait till it is the fashion to use dumb-bells or Indian clubs; it may be too late then. The secret of health, which u the equable and comnlete circulation of the fluids, may be summed up in these few words : moderation in eating and drinking • short hours of labor and study ; regularity in exercise ; recreation and rest ; cleanliness • equanimity of temper, and equa^ty of tem-' perature. COURSE TO BE PURSUED. The wise who would thisHfe enjoy Much time in exercise employ ; wegieot of this brings on most ills- loo soon, alas! each graveyard fills. ^itl ^ "F® ■*">".'"* be tSree sooreand ten! Herediiary ill and accident Are things we cannot well prevent : fS"^.k*^'°",? ??°"'4 be kept at biy, ror with a will there is a way. t 'All breaches of the laws of health are physical sins.' Yon should exercise gymnastioally about a nail-nOUr nail v. nr an hnn> ««... :- Z. j> and in a place free from dust, and which has Deep thoroughly sunned and ventilatwi ; and midway between one meal and another, rather than immediately before or after one; and suooessivelv but briefly with several in- struments, rather thw protractedly with one of them— preferring to perform on any exercising occasion rtSany feats once rather than one feat many times repeated ; and with the dress loose and e»sy. the waist free from pressure, and the arms and neck ex- IK)ged ; and most of the time with the mouth closed, head up, chest out, and shoulden down ; and with a view to harmonious de- velopment, and with the determination of becoming remarkably strong ; and without exhausting your>.elve8, or even wearing or ever imperilling life or safety. Sleep above the earth not less than fifteen feet, and higher if possible, other thinn being equal ; and above the floor of yoSr apartment not less than two leet j and in an apartment so situated and contrived thai the sun and outer air may freely and abun- dantly enter from at least one direction, but. U possible from more than one ; and in an apartment, too, which has been freshly paint- ed, and whose walls are not graced, or rather disgraced, with arsenical paper hans. mgs ; and on a moderately hard mattreH rather than a feather bed ; and under a blan- ket rather than a comforter ; and until you feel completely rested and refreshed, and with the face uncovered, and the head a little elevated, but not much so, and the mouth closed (unless you are obliged to keep it open) ; and, finally, what is of paramount importance,sleepin a moderate draught, of the outer air, provided, however, you 'I first render this a harmless custom by »•;;, varv gradual adoption. ' Practise general ablution as often as once m week, but rarely more often than twice » week HI cold weat|nr, or three times a week in warm, taking care never to bathe in an inside painted bath-tub or in an unventilated apartment, or for a longer time than ten minutes. Cleanse the mouth invariably after each meal, and just before retiring it night, using for the purpose a stiff brush moistened with white or Castile soap and water, and then nnsing the mouth several times with pure fresh water. In this practice guard againat two thinfits— injury to the teeth from too much brushina, or to the teeth, gums, and mouth aenerally. from two long contact of the soap. This substance, properly applied, has all the advantages, with none of the ser- ious objections, which belong to Salt or cam- phor or charcoaL The t6«tli may be easily and safely freed from diseolonration by patiently rubbing them onoe a month or six weeks, but not o£- tener, with l^e end of a little hard, wooden stick, previously dipped in a composition of I m iHOW TO ACQUIRE HEALTH. STRENGTH. AND MUSCLE. ■WMt-oil and powdered, nnkdaltaratad myrrh or orrioe-root. Never pick the teeth with » metftUio eubetMioe. Wear olothins that ahall be poroua, un- poisonoua. and looae in every particular, es- pecially about the joints ; and wear to little olothinfi about the neok that, if at any tiine it be omitted altogether, you will not be liable to take cold; and wear not any article at night that you wore during the day. Expose yourselves to the direct laysof the ■on not leei than six hours a day on an ave- rage throughout the year. TWELVE WAYS OF DESTROYING HEALTH. 1. Wearing thin shoes and cotton stock- ings upon damp nights, and in cool, rainy weather. Wearing insufficient clothing, and •■pecially upon the limbs and extremities. 2. Leiuhun a life of enfeebling, stupid laxiness, and keeping the mind in an unna tural sUte of excitement by reading ro- manoes. Going to. theatres', parties and balls, in all sorto of weather, in the thinnest possible diess. Dancing till in a complete perapiration, and then going home without anthoient over-garments through the cold damp air. 3. Sleeping in feather beds, in seven-by- mne bed-rooms, without ventilation at the top of tlie windows, and especially with two or more persons in the same unventilated *«d-room. 4. Surfeiting on hot and very stimulating dinners. Eating in a hurry, without half masticating your food, and eating heartily kefore going to bed eve«Br night, when the mind and body are exhausted by the toils of the day and excitement of the evening. 6. Beginning, in childhood, on tea and coffee, and going from one step to another through chewing and smoking tobacco, and dnnking intoxicating liquors ; by personal abuse, and physical and mental excesses of •very description. 6. Marrying in haste and getting an un- congenial companion, and living the remain- der of life in mental dissatisfaction. Culti- vating jealousies and domestic broils, and being always in a mental ferment ^. Keeping children quiet by giving them paregoric and cordials, by teaching them to snck candy, and by supplying them with raisins, nuts, and rich cake. When they are sick, by giving mercury, tartar emetic, Wid arseuio, under the mistaken notions that they are medicines and not irritant poisons. ^ 8. Allow the love of gain to absorb ou ?*'*i^f' •°.,"..**' ""^^ "° time toattwd to our nealth. Following an unhealthy occupation because money can be made by it. 3. Tempting the appetite with bitters and niceties, when the stomach says No, and by forcing food when nature does not demand and even rejects it. Gormandizing between meals. * 10. Contriving to keep in a continual worry about something or nothing. Givino way to tiU of anger. " *' 11. Being irregular in all our habits of sleeping and eating, going to bed at mid- night itnd getting up at noon. Eating too much, too many kinds of food, and that which is too highly-seasoned. 12. Neglecting to take proper care of our- selves, and not applying early for medical advice when disease first appears. Taking celebrated quack medicines to a degree o1 making a drug-shop of the body. USEFUL SCKAP8~0F INFORMATION. Lying or sitting down on the grass or bare earth for a moment is dangerous , rather use your hat ; a handkerchief, even, is a great protection. The warmer yon are, the greater need for this precaution, for a damp vapour IB immediately generated, to be ab- sorbed by the clothing, and to cool yon off too rapidly. Let the whole beard grow, but no longer than some three inches. This strengthens and thickens iu growth, and thus makes a more perfect protection for the Inngs against dust, and of the throat against winds and cold in winter, while in summer a greater perspiration of the skin is induced, with an increase of evapoiation ; hence, 'greater cool- ness of the part on the onUide, while the throat IB less feverish, thirsty, and dry. Avoid fat and fat meats in summer, and in all warm days. Whenever it is possible, do. by all means, when yon have to use water for cooking or drinking from ponds or sluggish streams, boil it well; and when cool, shake it, or stir it so that the oxygen of the air shall get *? 1*1 which greatly improves it for drinking. This boiling arrests the process of fermenta- tion which arises from the presence of organic or inorganic impurities, thus tend- ing to prevent cholera and all bowel diseases. If there is no time for boiling, at least strain it through a cloth. Avoid hard water, either for drinking pure or when converted into tea or colfee, or snapj ,,.evStt5e uord •.voter is always strcsgly impregnated with lime. Hard water may be softened by boiling it ; let it become colcC then use it as a beverage. water. ^E« HOW TO ACQUIRE HBALTH, 8TRBN0TH. AND MUSCLE. toattmd toour Ith^ ocoaiMktion •y It. 'ith bitters and y» No, and by I not deinand, dizing betwNu a oontinual hing. Oivinf( oar habit! of 1 bed at mid- Eating too Dod, and that er oara of oar- y for medical sara. Takine oa degree ol FORMATION. B grass or bare erous , rather ef, even, is a ' yon are, the m, for a damp ed, to be ao- o oool yon o£f bnt no longer s strenf(thena thas makes a langs against it winds and ner a greater iced, with an ^ greater oool- e, whiie the and dry. mmer, and in by all means, >r cooking or gish streams, shake it, or 9 air shall get for drinking, of fermenta- presence of > thus tend- all bowel >r boiling, at for drinking orooifee, or 'ays strongly water may become cold, It ia {always but to leave the ta'ale at meals with a feeiiag that yon ooald eat a little more. If troubled with headache, abstinence from food will often cause it to pass away. The risible nerves need using as much as Miy other — the brain and body are both ex- ercised by laughter. Three or four nails put in a demijohn of cider, and allowed to remain there, will be found an excellent tonic. A capful of water is sufficient for one meal. Never enter a sick room in a state of perspiration, as the moment yon become oool your pores absorb. Do not approach contagious diseases with an empty stomach, nor sit between the sick and the fire, be- cause the heat attracts the thin vapour. It is hurtful to the feet to wear any covering that is air-tight over them, and for this reason India-rubber overshoes should never be worn except in wet, splashy weather, and then not very long at once. For dust in the eyes, avoid rubbing ; dash water into them, remove cinders, etc., with the round point of a lead pencil. Remove insects from, the ear by tepid water; never put a hard instrument into the ear. If an artery is out, compress above the wound ; if a vein is cut, compress below. If chocked get upon all fours and cough. Before passing through smoke, take a full breath and then stoop low ; but if carbon is ■aspected, then walk erect. Suck poison wounds, unless your mouth is acre ; enlarge the wound, or, better, cut out the part without delay. Hold 1 i wounded part as long as can .be borne t • i ' hot coal or end of a cigar. If in vrater, float on she back, with the nose and mouth projecting. For apoplexy, raise the head and body ; for fainting, lay the {lerson flat Founded alum purifies water (the water Btirred at the time). It will, after the lapse of a few hours, by precipitating to the bot- tom the impure particles, so purify it that it will be found to possess all the freshness and clearness of the finest spring water. Four gallons may be purified by a single teaspoonfuL Nme ounces of pure, fresh lime, dissolved in forty gallons of water, will purify 660 gallons of hard water ; the precipitate is chalk. It takes sixteen hours for the water to settle, and all the impurities to fall to e.sS wottoui of the Vessel whichxontains the water. HINTS ABOUT CLOTHING. The clothing should be close fitting in winter and loose in jummer, never wearing more around the neck thaa, if luH^B entirely there would be no danger of oatohing ool•■ lifted 1,920 pound* a foot hiifR lathat time-nearly a ton weight. To climb tojthe top of aJfour-itorey bnildinK-eay flftv- two feet vertiotlly to the fourth fl tei Tf 'r;«^«"»y »f the effects, which ««fk. i"/.f*' i *'»o«e o' virulent poison, there can be little doubt that, if the use of mutton .tfov^d^r'iT^'" i* ^""'"^ """» have de vl2l *u^ '''" -' **■** individual. Dr. t-erela, who quotes this passage, adds : • I an 2^f!lf°'i'""*i''''>° ^"^ repeatedly had »n attaclt of indigestion after the tise of a^ thJ""" ""'^'^ without vomiting ; others •re thrown into general inflammation if they eat cherries or gooseberries. Hahn relates wouinL*"* "^^"".T -«»>* strawberries •rould produce convulsions in him. Tiesot StYnr '^m'^*'" '^""•''^ «"«*•• without vomiting Many persons are unable to eat Eir '"•^^' *•"* puddinjrs having eggsiu their oompcsitionproduceseriousdisturblnces nir v«^i ^'k'^ ""urances. The fat of w^lt'/li'/T*''"'^ Koose. which some eat sometimes vomiting. Strong onions to a deli- cate stomach produce heart-burn not find on awakening In the womin^' a bad tMte in the mouth, so indicative of general mouth and olei»o tongue, he can secure both by simply ceasing t "noh in the open air, with abundant exercise, should be the healthiest people ; but. like others who arfl cursed with abundance of bread, they are rheumatic, bilious, dyspeptic. Farmer.. your liver complaints, chill-fevers, etc are unnecessary. Health and sweet sleep will come to you when you need, unless by bad habits you drive them away. SLEEPING AND EATING. Persons who eat three times a day should mdse the last meal of cold bread ana butter ISl! «"P*°^ Y?.'"'" ^"'^- '^o one can starve on it while a perseverance in the b^.kf«r *^**''- * ""'SorouB appetite for nreakfaat. so Drominmo ^o^ . -'•v ~« -- ^» • By omitting the third'meaF. tS indTwduIJ" , besides securing a n/ght of sound sleep, will | GOOD COMPANY AND DIGESTION. All those manifold efforts and stratagenw by which food 18 secured, then prepar^ by the elaborate machinery of cooks, then di- gested by the mgeunity of the digestive ap- paratns, and then conveyed to variAM organs by the wondrous machinery of "the circulation., are set going to bring a little liquid into contact ^th the deUcate mem- brane of a fying poi organ of t on million live* its s< ly fed. ense often which has, activity bj mental ex banquet the laugh i nerepur tj enable men in solitude heavy lum] a simple pn taught us very simple aaiOrphoaee H The most place the h and then, ti as much as The attentio fact of brej agine that h his nostrils ; his mind to Other ideas, part, and — h but simple, t its truth, a flock of t gate, and kc passes. ^1 cross over in over, under, j sciousnesB is TREATMEN OF If he only 1 self and to ch has been indn comparatively But let this b is the man wh tremens by su the best plan : some shape fc alcohol, and fc ]Qwin|; draugh cr if tn&t lirea. on which is so indulged to e Take of aromai LB, atorniiijL' ■ btd ■ hava • awMl »n Mourc both the ■tomaoh. ii, miachiavous •D(i comfort ; 1 frum raoeiv. munt whiok it e from eating, srfeot ha«lth. tween regaUr 18 » day ; no* oantity indi> •r UDoomfort- > the food aha i taating aha er maala and •keeoera who We know a long aum- y have eaten i hard from ine at night, bed. The by oonatant lus oiroum' I impractical Sep I Hext have soaree- earied than and, on the dog'a life ; Dere animal- ligeative ap- h, life, and day to day, ffort to rid introduced dial e£fort. e open air, d b« the irs who arei i, they are Farmera, ivera, etc. weet Bleep unless by ESTION. •tratagems spared by , then di- :eative ap- t varionfl ryof the g a little ^te mem- f^To"; tw^i' 7^^l* ""'T «"»'«•' the magni. o?nulUoSnr*T> '' TI'«'«»°f»'i"ionrn7. on niilliona of these cella, evarv one o* whiM. Ini! /. ^" "f"' •«•' indulgence .iu-lindol. whTch {« r'r *'f "T"'"' maoiin ry Mh'^tv l; t»'erefore, to be atimulated into Suit fcir '' , •"% ™«*'- become ^a tbeCh .J •*""»^"«f f«t»l exoitment. naranufth^ i'"°''^"'*'"""f * J"Voua din! ,nlh? •. '"y **'"«»°" «' digestion, and WvlumAo T" "'■«'•'•''«'. would lie a neavy lump on the alomKoh. Eatiua seemg MUgnt ua ita o«»mi)le]iity. Food aenin> . 9 HOW TO GO TO SLEEP. plS'the°'*h«]"'*' ""^ ^*'"'' '»«**">'' " to ThhIi. ♦ ?'** '" • comfortable position « J ?• ^•'"''8*f"" inspiration, breath; M much as p«i,ible through the nostrils The attention must now be «xed nwn th« 2^ no.* n s*'.' •r.*''" •''•'"^^'^ P"sing from h s S t„' *''" ''".y moment he brings ftismind to conceive this, apart from all ^^.nA^U *'T''«"»"««" anlmemVry de ^.^. '^r'"' 'J^P' '^'»'*' method is strL«e it^ CtS '• "a** J^ "Poriment will Jro^^v^ I fl^ f ^''*'*''*'" •""**»«• « to imagine LS. °f, 'beep going over a tive-bafred ga^ and keep.n« track of each one as he o^s over in m '"•^"'•tion will see them cross over m many different manners vi7 over, under, and between the ban all Ion' scionsnes. is graduaUy dispelled ' "°' TREATMENT OP^Si PrEE LIVER OP ACTIVE HABITS. Jft^'^f^^u'V^X^^^^ ^ command him. h!l^ *°^''?*'^ thbse practices which he has been indulging in, the free liver has a Bu^KhlsteT^ '^K'Z -8"" bis^hS." h" ,^ th« i. u" ^""^ V**^ ''"« o»^tion ; many IS the man who has been driven into delirium rne best plan 18 to substitute ammonia in loSdr»nI/ ^^" P"'^" *° ^^'' the fol. lowing draught once or ♦swice a dav. nr„f«u.„. «n .M* K ^'*^1/"' ""'"°K sensation "comes ^d^S '." •" '^»*«««in« to those wtfo have TakW ^ "i^-^*"' »" ^"o "d tobacco Take of aromatic confection ten grains/s^ »ri?nl T ^'^'""l b'oarlK,nate of soda five «r»ins. tincture of gentian one dr«;hm '[""^ ""«.«""'«'•-»'»- Th« quantity ofaTi lihfi'" ""i: Y,'"" "'■ •?'"'• "houl.i he dim! mJshed one-half every two or three davs until brought down to a sm.ll albwim/e • tobacco should be totally e.cheiv'i Tot«f De|!i!rr'"Tr'" ■"'"'«•'•«'» ""'ie^ than t*m. P«l?i^ •. »*"■". '■ °"* *be saito danger in leaving it off a. is the case with wine, spiriu «r^e-,n fact. the. e Is no danger whatev" in so doing ; whilst in alcoholic drinks the reverse is the c)ue. With regard to the kind of stimulus which should b« adopted, much must depend upon the previous habit; In upset, malt liquor will suffice ; and, i' sound and unadulteratea, i. tHe most whole ome beverage; but in many cases it will not do adhere to malt alone. Insuch cases an ocoa- •!""•'?>"«„ of brandy and water or cK must be allowed. The latter, where it of y.^ fi" *f ^"""* *'"*' ^"'- 'be purpose of ,-adially lowering the stimulus ^o Hine suits the nc.-vous system better, and if mixed with soda-water it maybe drank to curl^'f 1° '''*7* ^y *"""« "^bo have ac? Wh^n t'hi .f"""*':'"' *" * "*""'8"' "timulus. ltt?Jt * n *?'' * ^"""y ""Ob disordered, >t may be mulled and taken warm. rJiose who have been smoking and drink- '. if w "fu'"*^ * 8'«**«'' Quantity fhan •s natural to those organs. This is an effort of nature to get rid of the poison which has ■does not immediately cease on the removal tL^H^T*; «■■«»' care must be taken in the administration of pugartives. No free wITh^!.***'" *"• ^?''' "'«»'« aperient medicin^ without some injury to the system ; and al, thcugh very commonly given, it is a practice which ought to be cautiously adopted If tbe hv.r IS actiug well (wh-chmay fee known by the yellow or brown colour o(|the faices), a f.^^MS"'' '*'■'"«•'' ""^y ^ *»^o°. oousiat* Inl * t^f" ounce ot.senna, with a small toa. spoonful of salts dissolved in an ounce of v?'i!" Ti *"■ • °l '"'*' "'■ *^« compound rhu- barb pills may be taken at night. If on the contrary, the motions are of a clay colour.five grains of bine pill ahould be taken at night ing. Should the bowels be relaxed, and in. c ined to act more than once a day a wine glaso full of decoction of bark, wfth , t^Ii =pcouiui 01 the the compound tincture of bark, should be Uken two or three times » ?*y- If more severe remedies are required the aid of a medical man should be sought for at once. The mind should be occupied I .-4 . ^ ' ■■4 Ii II i 10 HOW TO ACQUIRE HEALTH, STRENGTH AND MUSCLE. or rather unused, in some way. This point cannot be too much insisted on, for upon it depends in great measure whatever attempt to restore health to the body shall be suooes- ful or the reverse. Bodily exercise without amnsement is mere drudgery — it tires, but does not lead to a restoration of ponrer ; whilst if given with some mentid excitement, the fatigue is scarcely felt ; and what little is experienced is speedily followed by a re- action which asks for more work of a similar character and tendepcy. Let anyone con- trast the e£feots of a walk or ride without object or compauion with either the one or the other, when taken for the purpose of making a call, or with any other specific ob- ject, especially in company of an amusing companion. From the former (called 'a constitutional ' because it does not benefit the constitution) he has returned jaded and out of spirits, whilst from the iatter he has experienced an amount of exhilaration vary- ing, of course, with the nature of the object and tae agreeability of his companion. !no- thing conduces more to a successful prosecu- tion of this plan of self-treatmeut than the mutual agtoement of two persons whose ob- ject is the same to assist one another by their example. Let two persons agree in earnest to restrain one another when tempted, and also to amuse one anothei by sparring or fencing, or riding, or walking together, or, indeed, any kind of gymnastic exercise. This will aid the purpose of both, as far as the restoration of health is concerned, and they will also find it much more easy to •put the stopper' upon each other than upon themselves, the grand object in all cases being to leave off injurious food and drinks, tc itvoid smoking and venery, and to take sufficient exercise, conjoined with amuse- ment, to tire without prostrating the muscu- lar system. During this period the diet should be plain, bat varied. Roast beef and mutton, or chops and steaks, wit'> any vegetables that agree with the individual, may be in- dulged in. Poultry, game and fish are not injurious ; and even pastry, if good and plain, will do no harm whatever. In the present day it is scarcely necessary to in- culcate the free use of cold water every morning. It is not desirable to bathe during this time, though in warm weather a mere plunge into a river, or. better still, the sea, IS very serviceable ; but at all seasons the whole body should be sponged every morn- ing, using in very cold weather water at the teQipcfatufc of sixty or sixty-five degrees of Fahrenheit. The body should be well rub- bed with a rough towel until a glow is pro- duced ; and the aid of an assistant is here very benefioiaL Such ia the oomparatirely eaay task of those who have continued to take strong axersise, concomitantly with their free indulgence in wine, tobacco, and all their little etceteras. REBUILDING THOSE BROKEN DOW.V BY LITERARY AND SEDENTARY PURSUITS. Persons who are desirous of excelling in literary pursuits must bear in mind that: without bodily health, the mind is unfitted' for exertion in acquiring knowledge. It is true that many men who have already stored their brains with facts are enabled, even after becoming complete valetudinarians, to impart knowledge to others ; but no one can grapple with difficulties for himself while in that state ; much time is often lost and strength squandered through over-anxiety in reading ; but if eight, or. at most, ten hours a day, are well employed— that is to say, if any man really works hard during that time —he will have done all of which his mental powers are capable. This will leave him seven or eight hours for sleep, and six or seven for meals, exercise, etc. Few men, however, of ardent temperaments and studi- ous habits, are capable of thus portioning their time ; but they may depend upon the fact that, beyond the hours named, they will gain nothing by poring over mathematioal problems or classical authorities. It is need- less to remark that, in a mind upset by liter- ary study or mercantile accounts, the best plan, if practicable, is to give up reading and writing entirely for a time ; but this is seldom to be effected ; and, if not, all that can be done is to improve the health of the body as much as possible whilst the strain upon the mind continues. In the case of a man who can arrange his own hours of study, and has only a certain object to effect by a given time, he ought in no case to exceed eight hours a day, and, if possible, not more than SIX. This will Ipave him ample time for the prosecution of any bodily training which he may require ; and, if the health has not been much impaired, and the consti- tution is naturally strong, he will Bnd that, in proportion as he is able to increase the amount of bodily exercise, so will his mental powers recover their tone. Eew reading men determine upon preparing for a course of training until they are a good deal upset bv coniiuement, and in them some little' care is necessary. First and foremost, they tnust give up smoking, green tea, and coffee, ex- capt at meals. There should be no over- EL aompantirely oontioned to aiUntly with tobMco, and KEN DOWN 3ENTARY t excelling in n mind th«t ; nd is unfitted 'ledge. It is already stored inabled, even iidinariana, to ut no one can iself while in ten lost and ver-anxiety in oBt, ten hours t is to say, if ■ine that time shhis mental 11 leave him if, and six or • Few men, Qts and studi- us portioning nd upon the ned.they will mathematioal B. It is need- upset by liter- its, the best up reading ; but this is not, all that health of the at the strain the case of a lurs of study, effect by a lase to exceed ble, not more n ample time idily training if the health id the consti- ill find that, increase the rill his mental r reading men r a course of leal upset by i little care is i, they must d coffee, ex- d be no over- HOW TO ACQUIRE HEALTH, STRENGTH AND MUSCLK U stimulation of the brain ; but what work is done should be done without any unnatural stimulus. The hours of study shauld be di- vided into two e^ual periods— the first com- menoing immediately after breakfast, and the second immediately after supper. In this way all the middle of the day may be given up to recreation, dinner and exercise ; and the following hours are the most proper, though of course they may be'slightly varied to suik particular circumstances : break- fast at 8 ; reading, 8.30 to 12.30, light lunch on biscuit or sandwich, and a glass of ale or sherry and water ; exercise, from 12.30 to 4.30; dinner at 4.30; relaxation of body and mind tiU 6.30 ; then take a cup or two of coffee or black tea; then read for two, three, or four hours, according to circum- stances ; then go to bed. When first these hours are adopted the exercise must be very gentle and of an amusing character ; if on horseback, so much the better. Many men are able to indulge in a nap after dinner with advantage to themselves ; but, generally speaking, it is prejudicial. If, however, the mouth feels moist on waking, and there is no palpitation of the heart or flatulence, it does good rather than harm. The reason why sleep after dinner is said to disagree with Everybody is, that it is so often interrupted that it seldom has fair olay. Now, disturbed sleep we know to be prejudicial at any hour ; and, if it cannot be obtained without much chance of interruption, it is better to avoid it altogether. If, however, an hour, or rather more, can be devoted to a nap, and it is found to agree with the individual trying it, the mind will be refreshed as well as the body ; after a cup of tea or coffee, the stu- dies may be prosecuted with- renewed vi- gour. With regard to the counting-house clerk, the hours are fixed, and all that can be done must be done before 9or9.30a.m. ; or. in the summer season, after office-hours. The beat course to pursue is to arrange so that it will be positively necessary to walk back- wards and forwards to the office night and morning. This is much bettej than attempt- ing a walk without any special object. Thus, by devoting only one hour, night and morn- ing to a four-mile walk to the place of busi- ness, sufficiently bodily exercise may be ob- tained to keep the health tolerably good dur- ing this season. It is the custom for one- third or one-half of the young men to dine first, and then, as soon as they have hastily swallowed bhoir meal, for the next division to take their places. This pi. i is supposed to be very advantageous to the proprietors— but even this fact is very doubtful— but to the assistants it i« very injurious. In many oases ten hours a day (in some few, even a longer penod) are given up to work, inter- rupted only by a scriMBble for a meal This IS more than the human frame is calculated to bear ; even the farm labourer, or the factory hand,' is allowed his breakfast and dinner hour, after which he returns to his work, having laid in a fresh stock of ner- vous excitability. The consequence of the long strain upon the mind and aoimal spirits 18, that at times they are overpowered, and that errors occur which do more harm to the parties interested than is counterbalanced by the apparent saving of time. Ax. ANTAGES OF PEDESTRIANISM. By a strict attention to exercise, the tone and vigour of the moving powers are wonder- fully increased ; the nervous energy and cir- culation -of the blood are materially accel- erated ; and this increased impetus of the blood through the whole system produces an affectual determination to the surface of the Bkin,|and free perspiration is the consequence. By the same means, the body is disposed to sleep, the appetite increased, and the blood 18 determined from the internal viscera, which prevents as well as removes ob- structions, and powerfully obviates the ten- dency to a plethoric fullness of the system. By exercise the spirits are enlivened and the body refreshed ; it gives etrength to the body and vigour to the mind, and it is an irrefragable truth that, where it is improperly neglected, the energy and strength of the whole ma- chine fails to decay. Exercise on foot is allowed to be the most natural snd perfect, as it emjploys every part of the body, and effectually promotes the circulation of the blood through the arteries and veins. Walk- ing, the most salutary and natural exercise, is in the power of everybody, and we can adapt its degree and duration to the various circumstances of health. By this means the apjgetite and perspiration are promoted, the body is kept in proper temporament, the mind IS enlivened, the motion of the lungs is facili- tated, and rigidity of the legs, arising from too much sitting, is relieved. The most ob- stinate disease and the most troublesome hysterics and hypochondriacal complaints have been compbtely cured by perseverence in walking. Pedestrian feats, even when nArriAi) ij\ Av/>aBc> •,.a««1.1.>*— .aj..~j — i i — ^ — 'J — — -..... ...f« t^vtrtrutfTTtx trjr ttuj {Mrnioious effects. The exhaustion occa- sioned is only temporary, for the wearied frame is speedily recruited by the luxury of rest and refreshment. But certain rules may be observed which will render walking both m Ill M til 12 ROW TO ACQUIRE HEALTH. STRENGTH AND MUSCLE. easy and agreeable. A light yet firm and manly step, an erect posture, especially in regard to the head, the breast and shoulders, should b.3 the chief objects of attainment. iJy care and attention a person may thus Jearn to walk gracefully and with little bodi. «y tatigue. Early and constant practice «ra. dually forms the pedestrian for the aocom- plishment of the greatest undertakings ; but even m the common intercourse aubgistinc in iiociety, facility of walking is requisite for individual convenience and comfort. Hence It 18 best to study the gait and manner of noted pedestrian. DIFFERENT MODES OF WALKING. Walking displays much of the character of .„^ 'Im'"'"" '' "Sht and gay in women «nd children, steady and grave in men and elderly persons, irregular in the nervous and irritable, measured in the affected and foi- mal, brisk m the sanguine, heavy in the phlegmatic, and proud and humble, bold or timid, etc., in strict correspondence with in- dividual character. A firm yet easy and graceful walk is b no means common, mere are few men wuo walk well if they had not learnt to regulate their motions by the lessons of a master, and this instruction is still more necessary for la.lies. Walking may toe performed m three different times-slow, moderate, or quick-which sometimes modify Its action. ' The Slow Walk ok March. -In the f^nm fh K T'^**'."^ **'« ^°^y « advanced from the heel to the instep, and the toes are most turned out. This being done, one foot —the left, for mstance-is advanced, with trn,u.T \*'*ig^*.»°d the toe inclined to the ground, which, without being drawn back, it touches before the heel, in such a manner however, that the sole toward the conclusbn of the step, 18 nearly parallel with the ground, which It next touches without its outer edge frnl. t^^- ^°°' 'f *''«" immediately railed from the inner edge of the toe, and similarly advanced, inclined, and brought to ihe ground, and so on in succession. It must be observed that the toe's first touching Ld last leavmg the ground on the marcrgiTe. to It a character of elasticity and of spirit vigour or gayety, and that, when this iX^ ^ii^Jd"*^ *i' ^''"^« 5°'« °f *^« foot " «t onS pianted on the ground, it acquires a character of sobriety, severity or gloom, which ieeqS proper to certain occasions. This obseX^o^ i^» ma less degree applicable to the foUowina «f t?«^.^^°°'''^J'' PAOK.-Here the weight hLll f I ^/* advanced from the heel to the •ball of the foot, the toes are leas turned out. •nd it is no longer the toe, but the baU of the foot, which touches and l«it leaveTthe httle toe, first breaking the descent of the foot and Its inner edge, or the ball of the great toe, last projecting the weight. Thus m this step less of the foot may le said m. tively to cover the ground, and this adoption of nearer and stronger points of support and action IS essential to the increased quickness and exertion of the pace. The mechanism of this pace has not been sufficiently attended to. i'eople pass from the march to the quick pace they know not how, and hence alf the awkwardness and embaraasment of their walk when their pace becomes moderate, and the misery they endure when this pace has to be performed by them unaccompknied up the middle of a long and weUlighted room, where the eyes of a briUiant assembly ar« ex! clnsively directed to them. 4.u^^^J^^°^ Pace.— Here the weight of the body IB advanced from the heel to the toes, the toes are least turned out, and still nearer and stronger points of support and action are chosen. The outer edge of the heel first touches the ground, and the sole of he foot projects the weight. It is important to remark as to aU these paces that the weight IS successively more thrown forward and the toes are successively less turned ont! In the general walking of ladies, the step ought not to exceed the length of the foot • the leg should be put forward, without stiff, ness, in about the fourth position, but with- out any effort to turn the foot out, as it throws the body awry, and gives the person the appearance of a professional dancer. Ihe arms should fall in their natural position, and all their movements and oppositions to the feet should be easy and unconstrained, and the pace should be neither too slow nor too quick. The gait should be in harmony with the person— natural and tranquil, with, out giving the appearance of difficulty in ad- vancing, and active, without the appearance of being in a hurry. Nothing can be more ridionlous than a httle woman who takes in- numetab. ;. minute steps with great rapidity to get on with greater speed. LENGTH OF HUMAN LIFE. At the beginning of the present century the average duration of human life was as having reached 43 years. In Geneva, Switaerland, an accurate and continuous Mconntof this subject has been kept for three centuries, with the following results : HOW TO ACQUHtE HEALTH. STRENGTH AND MUSCLE. Prom A. D. ISOO to 1600* the srenu;* wm 21 year* and 2 niontha ; from 1600 to 1700 26 years 9 moathi ; from 1700 to 1800 30 years. ' Amons! the ancient Romans, acooiMiog to Ulpian, the ayerage was 30 years. In 1860 the average for Great Britain was 46 years . In Prance it was fixed at 42, and in the United States at 43 years. DURATION OP LIFE AMONG ARTISTS. • ^" ^""l**** Dictionary of Arts, published in 1839, the names, with the ages, of 1,122 persons are given, which furnish the follow- ing remarkable facts as to the longevity of this class of men : Died under sixty years oW, 474 ; sixty years and under seventy 260 ; seventy years and under eighty, 243 • eighty years and uwler ninety, 134 ; ninety years and under a hundred, 19 ; above a hundred, 1— the mean age at death of the whole number being 55 years, from which it would appear that the pursuit of the fine arts has a tranquilizing effect upon the spirits, and a tendency to moral refinement m the habits and manners of its professors extremely favourable to the prolongation of li Pi nf wii "• ''"* "**"'■« calls that excess of blood away to the stomach after eltC DANGER OF CHECKING PERSPIR. ATION. HOW TO TAKE CARE OF THE' EYES. Do not read or write before sun-up or ron-down is advised by ffaU'a Journal of iieaith. Let the light fall upon the paue from behind. Never read while lying down. Ihose whose eyes are weak should never raado- sew by candle or gaslight, nor by twilight. Suffer nothing to be applied to them unless by the special advice «f an ex- penenoed physician. If the lids stick to- gether m the morning on waking up moisten them with the saliva, it softens and dissolves the matter sooner than any liquid known. The best and safest treatment for most affections of the eyes is rest, especially If week or inflamed, rest from reading wntingor sewing, from every nse of them which requires close observation, spendinit a large portion of the timeout of doors, as tlien large objects are mostly viewed. Per- severe in this for weeks and months if neces- sary, and if not then relieved, consult a physician. Avoid reading on horsel>aok or in rail cars or in any whmlea y-hiola wihjb m motion. Many [iersons will find that"i^ reading before breakfast an effort is required to keep the sight dear, bat after breakfj no such difficulty is experienced ; the reai. 5 «, the eye under looh oinmmstanoes is Perspiration reduces the heat (bv evannr ation) to a healthy standard. Checked S^r spiration (says Hall's Journal o/HealR d.!th?'""', •'''"'« "^ "<""'««^. disease jnd death to multitudes every year If t f.. kettle of water is boihnV on the tire Z' steam 18 seen issuing from the spout cir^t ied a dt'!*''*^ •^"*'' •"'^ **•« »?»«* be ping! fhit tif "°*u^ explosion follows in ^%IL Short time. Heat is constantly jieneratpH within the hnm«n body, by the cheS weT The"' *J^«-«-' "^ t'ef^ Mre!on Z L"^ 7.000,000 of tubes or pores on the surface of the body, which in ?h^syste'm T*^*'^ ''P^"' "O'^^Cto^ the system, by what is called insensible ner rSiS'^'"*""*' '»«''*• -l'^'-" havTng t^Ti^J^'T^^' '* P*'""* «ff "ke thf jets ot steam which are thrown frnm tvl escape-pipe, in puffs, of any oXarv s^eam u with It, in a dissolved form v«rv much of the waste matter of the sys";m S the extent of a pound or two or more Tv'erv inen, that if the pores ot the skin are closed aJeshutl ""rfaceof the human body, are shut down, great harm results. When over-heated cool off slowly -never in a strong draught of air. Gentl^ fanning'es^ci! ally if the face is wet with cold wat^r wi 1 soon produce a delightful coolness^ whTch Iw^vesno disagreeable results. If perspir ing from walking, rawing or other eSse on re«5h,ng the place of bathing donot?^ some adv.se sit down on the bank to cool off before entering the water. Doff your cloth"! cWmiI^ 1° ft8«"«n«, possible', only being careful to keep up the exercise without in- term.ss.on after you are in the water. In i ,h» way you continue the glow which ' , you experienced form the previous exMcise 1* HOW TO ACQUIRE HEALTH, STRENGTH AND MUSOLU ON FOOD AND DRINK&,,, , Strong tM hu the power of retarding the wMte of the syatem, and « amall qiuuitity of food with tea will go farther than a larger quantity taken with any other liquid except coffee, which resembles tea in this respect Four ounces of bread are more than equal to eight ounces of potatoes, and yet do not satisfy the hunger for the time nearly so well. It is a question whether in six hours the stomach would not require a second meal more imperatively after the potatoes thiin after the bread. Bread, fruit and vegeUbles are preferable . to other kinds of food to those of full habit or of excitable teperament. Oatmeal in any shape is healthy, and gives strength and brain power. Vvhen mixed with currents it is an excellent diet for re- gulating the bowels. The preparations of wheaten flour known as vermkdli and maccaroni are very nutri- tipuH and easily assimilated. Thire is more phosphate in coarse brown bread than in white. Ice water, being only 10 degrees colder than spring water, is not considered injurious by many physicians. Dr. John C. Draper, in hi* work on Ana- tomj and Physiology, contends that meat should be kept long enough to be slightly tainted before being used, and cites venison and game as the most wholesome food on this account. He considers lamb and veal particularly inaigestible. He says pork should uot be eateu in the hot months, and with truth asserts that animals are slaughter- ed for our .aarkets without any regard to age or condition. Tea and coffee are recommended after fa- tigue as very beneticial in repairing tissue. C'jtfee is in great favour with all brainworki ers, and when taken without milk and sugar (we mean good coffee, not half -ground peas and beaos) is a capital revivitier. Chocolate is considered as having a ten* dency to bring on dyspepsia. Lemonade and sugar water partake of the same nature as vinegar, which, while it re- duces the flesh and makes ' spider waists,' aho in time reduces the whole system. Potatoes are beat roasted, and should be couked so that they fall apart. Any kind of water containing lime or other substances should always be boiled be. fore drinking. iw>a»U)d meat uuutains more nutritive ma- terial than boiled. Bi'oiling is tiha besK method of all. The dark meat in fowls is the, most whole- sone, Dotwithstaodiag nuDy people give their prcfarsnce to white meat. The food of caskratod animals or bird* ia better than the entire male or female. Welsh *arebit« are very indigestible, and fo',", "n***? '"^^ poMhed eggs known as (iolden Bucks are considerably more so. Clams oreate the most violent pains and vomiting when eaten by thosa they do not agree with. Melons, oelery, lettuce, water-cresses and tomatoes are very wholesome. Salt-beef produces scurvy, because the soluble salts are removed from the beef by brine, in consequence of which it caunot re- store to the human system those salts which are essential to preserve the blood in a healthy state. Vegetables and fruits should enter into family consumption even if purchased for sanitary reasons. Among those which con- tain the most saccharine matter, sweet pota- toes, parsnips, beeta and carrots are the most nourishing. Roast pork, besides being an expensive dish, requires a too lengthy drain upon the forces of the stomach to be a healthy article of diet. Twice cooked muat is not considered wholesome. Watermelons when eaten regularly are an excellont aperient, but if eaten extravagant- ly and irregularly the bowels become costive and sickness is the result Lamb and veal taint more quickly be- cause they contain a large quantity of albu- men, which is very liable to undergo putre- faction. ^Dyspeptics, nervous people, and brain- workers should not eat potatoes except in great moderation, and I generally advise them not to eat them at ail, savs Dr. Hol« brook in ' The Herald of Health.' They do not contain phosphorus and mineral matter enough for the nerves. They are apt to pro- duce a condition of nervous despondency which is very depressing. Adding butter to potatoes is a mi take. True, it makes them taste better, but the melting butter eovers the starch grain witii a coat of oil which prttrrnts the juices of the intestines from getting at it ; and, as for the gastric juice, it has no influence on starch and cannot di- gest it If eaten, they should be eaten with a little salt and pepper, but without butter. The best WAy to cook them is to boil or bake and serve hot and mealy. BRAIN POOD. Experience shows that highly phosf^tio and easily soft-boilec fowls, oyi more than ia espeoii Ainds are and in pui mended bj bflsinetM. purpose is it oontain< which it is EGOS. No artiol antritions is a differs owing to tl birds ; yet creatures m human bod is nearly tfa ■re almost consist, in water. Eg much time to four houi gested whei partially co An ordini and a half i from two tc seagull and ounces ; ani to six ounce in the duck egg by abon Edward Sm »n egg weig «rs consists grains of n: carbon and erinThe S the valne of sustaining ti the valued to 990. As «gg is about hea may be el of corn ye eighteen pov to saying thi of corn will pound of eg| contrary, rec pounds of oc eggs are twe tea cents a i ir-cresaea and HOW TO ACQUIRB HEALTH, 8TBEN0TH AND MUSCLEL 16 •nd«M|ily digMted food, aaeh h MtmML joft-boiled egga, boi]«d fledi, tha flmh of fowl*, oyitera and kale food (phonhoriud more than moit other graini and TeoeUblea). u MpeoUUy niiUble to perMu whoM AInds are overtaxed by intdleotnal datiei, and in purely nervon* affeetiona it ia recom- mended by phytioiana who understand their b«sine«. Very reoommendable for this purpoae la the liquid acid phosphate, haoanae It oontaina the phoaphorns in a condition in which It 18 most eaaily assimilated. 1 ^Oiinir -■. ~~r J ' EGGS AS AN ARTICLE OF DIET. No artiole of food is more wholesome and Butritions than that supplied by eggs. There IS a difference in their flavour and qnalitv owing to the difference in the diet of the birds ; yet there are no eggs of winged creatures which are unfit for nourishing the human body. Their chemical composition u nearly the same, for the white and yolk •re almost invariably present ; and these consist, in the first case, of albumen and watOT. Eggs require for digestion about as much time as mutton— that is, from three to four hours. They are moat readily di- gested when boiled until the white becomes partially consolidated. An ordinary hen's egg weighs from one and a half to two ounces ; a duck's egg, from two to three ounces; the egg c? the seagull and the turkey, from three to four ounces ; and the egg of the goose from four to SIX ounces. The solid matter and the oil in the duck's egg exceed those in a hen's ^g by about one-fourth. According to Dr Edward Smith, in his treatise on 'Poods,' »n egg weighing one ounce and three-quart ers oonswts of 120 grains of carbon and 1^ gr«ns of nitrogen, and 15.26 per cent, of oarbon and 2 per cent, of nitrogen. A writ- •'"»The ScUntific Farmer estimates that the vahie of one pound of eggs as food for snstainins the active forces of the body is to the value of one pound of lean beef as 1,584 to 990, As a flesh producer, jne pound of egg IS about equal to one pound of beef. A hea may be calculated to consume one bush- el of com yearly, and to lay twelve dozen or eighteen pounds of egga. This is equivalent to sapng that three and one-tenth pounds of corn will produce, when fed to a hen. nn« pound of eggs. A pound of pork, on the contrary, requires about five and one-third pounds of com for its production. When egga are twenty-four cents a dozen, and pork ten cents a pound, we have a bushel of oorn- feed production (2.88 11.05 of pork. worth of eggs and NUTRITIVE QUALITIES OP ♦! <:.-> TOMATOES. Dr Bennet. a professor of some celebrity ITtd **•" ^""^ •» "valuable iiKf diet, and ascribes to it various imnnJ+l-* medicinal properties. Pi«tTThat t^e to* mato IS one of the most powerful" wrien^ of the liver and other organs ; when KSrf .sindicated it is probably one of ^he Zl effective and least harmfil remedial aa^S known to the profession. sZnd That . tbT^ll extract wlil be obtained fJom it cure of rtisease. Tfairrf . Tk.* u l cle of diet. It is an almost sovereign remSv > ^'''f/r*'"* *°dige«tion. Fifth That .should be constantly%«,d for daily' f^S either cooked or raw, or in the form^,f^tl Bup ; it u the most healthy artiole now in DIETARY PECULIARITIES. Roman soldiers— who conouered th. .world, and built roads from Lis^n to cTn stantinople and who were all t«"ned athl letes, marching under a weiohf «f and luggage tb*at few m:nTn ot dayTu?d Kr7il'''K"V2t""* ^™^ wheJt^or bar ley br«ad, which they dipped in sour wine. In our own day the S^ish peasant i^ among the st^ngest and most agfrmeo in the world. He will work all day i„ "cod per mine, or at the olive-press, ^or at the wine-preas. under a hot sun. and then dpnce halfthenightto the music of a guitar What does he live on ? A piece of back You mav r'°.-' PJ'^^P" ^"^ » wat^rme.o„ L^^L %^T '^'»'?'''8 •»'• Pioo* of bread into a horn of olive-oil, and then into some vinegar, made hot with pepper and gaTc ^ ^L "* u^^r- Sometime, he g^ete ^ jT^^.t^""^' '"°" ^'«'' ''"tnotitrong AU the strong wine is sent to England. The In^IZ P°'^?:7*lks off with a load of eitj? hundred weight. His only food, day aftor day, ,s a httle fniit,a handful of dates . f fJ figs, a banoh of grapes, and some oliv^;. Z nn .^S,, j^rti or muKou. The most tre mendous muscular force and theTeate^; powers of endurance m^y be n«uri*hS^S! a moderate diet All pirts of animals « cepting some of the secretions, are, or have' been.employeda.food. Among ths anSnt jii S m II 16 HOW TO ACQUIRE HEALTH STRENGTH AND MUSCLE. iRoniaas tha brftiai of the ostrioh '«ad (Ma. cock, and tongues of nightingales and (Mher Biuging birds were muoh sought after. They were also very fond of the flesh of the young MM ; and youoK fat puppiei were » great .lainty in Corsica, and continue to be held in high repute among the Chinese. At the present time the Tartars esteem the after- birth or placenta as a great delioaoy, and the civilized disciple of Epicurus iu our own country regards the trail of the wood- cock as the boime boucfie of his most luxuri- ous dinner. Among the extraordinary sub- stances employed as food we may cite the in- Btanoe of the quarrymen of Thuringia, who eat a substance called rock-butter, which they spread on their bread. A species of olay is an article of diet among the Otto- matjues of South America, and Humboldt ■taces that they devour enormous quantities, ao that their stomachs are greatly distended ; he also thmks that they derive some nutri- ment from it. The amount of nutnment that may exist in substances which are ap- parently devoid of it is well shown by the Urowth of gold-tiah, which are kept for years in a small globe of water, and, though they are never fed, obtain sufficient food from the animalcules in the water, and animal and vegetable ova falling into it from the circum- ambient air, to reach a very considerable size. George Seward, the American Wonder—, whose 100 yards in 9i'8econds, and 200 yards in 19i seconds, although performed thirty years ago, has never been beaten— trained chietiy on pork, milk, pancakes and confec- tionery. Though he did not do so much work he was a singularly muscular young EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL, STIMULANTS AND TOBACCO. Liqnora aa stimulants are injurioui when taken before exercise or on aa empty stomach — after either, when taken in small quantities, they have a tendency to aid in re- storing the system to its perfect state. When indulged in too freely, Uquor utterly destroys the tissue of the kidney tnd other organs, and produces such changes in the substance of the brain as to cause incapacity and mania. Old wines are less liable to pro- duce kidney or liver complainta. Claret wine is the beat adapted for ordinary daily use, siscs it uontaios bht iitlle »loohoi, and its astringent, bitter principles often aid a feeble, digestive apparatus. Fort haa a ten- 4enoy to produce gout. Ale, porter, beer. dder ud per*y are the beet tonics to those they ftgree with. The Quarterly Journal of JnebriHij says ■ It IS estimated that coffee, both beans and leaves, ia drunk by 60,000,000 of the hum^n family. Tea of all kinds is used by 600 - 000,000and opium by 400.000,000-; alcohol in Its various forms, 600,000.000 of the hu- man r».oe. Tobacco is probably used 'by ; 700,000,000 or 800,000.000. Th'se startling ' facts indicate a large proportion of the race I using some substaooes that are either atimu- I lants or narcotics. The work of the phy- I siologist, in fie future, will be to determine the true place in nature of these substinces I and indicate where their use ends and abuse I begins. The use of snuff is, perhaps, the least in- jurious of all the methods of employing to- bacco ; hut when indulged in to excess it is the most dugusting, aud liable to produce dyspepsia. It sooner or later deadens the sensitiveness of the olfactory nerve to such an extent that the sense of smell is lost When a person smokes to excess there is no longer a mere sedative action, but the nervous system is powerfully affected, the hands tremble, and the action of the heart 18 interfered with, palpitation being induced. It IS also stated that the lone-continued use of tobacco in any form, and e'specially smok- ing, gradually blunts the virile powers, and hnally renders men mpotent. Chewing ia one of the most offensive methods of employing tobacco, and is very apt to produce dyspepsia. EXPERIMENTS ON THE SMOKE OF TOBACCO. Foriept Journal ooutaina an interesting article on the habit of tobacco smoking, and on poisoning by nicotine. Among the facts there mentioned, are experiments instituted hy M. Malapert, pbarmacier of Poitiers. His intentioc was to ascertain the exact vvantity of nicotine absorbed by smokers in proportion to the weight of tobacco consum- ed. The apparatus usnd consisted of a stone jar, ia which the tobacco waa made to burn connected with a series of bot- tles communicating by tubea. The bot- tles were either empty, or contained some water mixed or not with a little sulphuric aoid. From a few experiments it waa found that, in the smoke of tohacco eTtracted by inspiration, there is ten per cent nicotine'. Thus a man who smokea a cigar of the weight of seventy grains receives in hia nouth aeven graina of nicotine, mixed with a lit- tle watery etc. Alth tine is reje from the m of it is, net of the buo branoe.ciroi the brain. use of toba( with the lat1 headache < smokers are citement sii ate quantiti investigatioi tobacco the A very dry very small smoke cools sation of th« mouth. Hi of a cigar an cond,in whic watery vapo tirst half, an applies to sn smokers wer aume but ha away the otl or with long precaution w Tobacco aa and cathai'tic oasiona vomit ne!s easier in TABLE OF P Apples, raw..., Beans, boiled. Beans, French Beef, roasted . . Bread Butter Cabbage, boilec Cucumbers, ra' Carrots Fish, hoUed... Lentil^ Meal BEATMONT'J Apples, 'tweet, i Apples, sour, me Beans, pod, bolli Beet fresh, rare Beer, fresh, dry Beef , fteah. frio B. >nio8; to those aehriHy says : th beans aad of the hum«n i«ed by 500,- .000.; alcohol, OOU of th« hu- bly used 'by i'ht'se startling a of the race either stimu- of the phy- to determine se substinces ids and abuse the least in- employing to- o excess it ia e to produce deadens the Brve to such 11 is lost. 3688 there is ion, but the atfeoted, the of the heart eing induced, ontinned use ecially smok- powers, and ast offensive and is very 3M0KE OF I interestioe moking, and ng the facts ia instituted of Poitiers. Q the exact r smokers in coo oonsum- sisled of a I was made ies of bot- The bot- tained some le sulphuric it was found xtrAoteil bv t nicotine. { the weight his nouth with a lit- HOW TO ACQUIRE HEALTH. STBENGTH AND MUSCLE. 17 tie watery vapour, tar, empy-renmatic oil, etc. Although a large portion of this nico- tine is rejected, both by the smoke puffed from the mouth and by the saliva, a portion of it is, nevertheless,taken up by the vessels of the buccal and laryngeal mucous mem- braaoe, cirofdated with the blood , and acts upon the brain. With those unaccustomed to the use of tobacco, th* nicotine, when in contact with the latter organ, produces vertigo, nausea, headache ane somnolence, while habitual smokers are merely thrown into a state of ex- oitement similiar to that produced by moder- ate quantities of wine or tea. Prom further investigation it was found that the dryer the tobacco the less nicotine reaches the mouth. A very dry cigar, while burning, yields a very small amount of watery vapour ; the smoke cools rapidly, and allows the conden- sation of the nicotine before it reaches the mouth. Hence it comes that the first half of a cigar smokes more mildly than the se- cond,in which a certain amount of condensed watery vapour and nicotine, freed by the first half, are deposited. The same remark applies to smoking-tobacco in pipes ; and if smokers were prudent, they would never con- sume but half a cigar or pipe, and throw away the other. Smoking through water, or with long tubes and small bowls is also a precaution which should not be neglected. Tobacco as a medicine is narcotic, emetic and cathaitic. When first used it often oo- caaions vomiting and brings on a fit of sick- ness easier imagmed than described. Beets, boiled Bread.coro Batter, melted . .3:43 C.ibbaKe with vinejfar.'raw " C«bbH«e. boiled .T^....r. TABLE OF COMPARATIVE TION. NUTRI- Per cent. Apples, raw lo Beans, boiled 37 Beans, French 92 Beef, roasted 26 Bread ....80 Butter 96 Cabbage, boiled ... 7 Cucumbers, raw .... 2 Carrots u Fish, hoUed 20 Lentil^ 94 Meal 34 Per cen Milk, fresh...."..: 7 Mutton, roasted 30 Pork, roasted 24 Poultry, roasted 27 Potatoes, boiled 13 Rice, boiled $8 Spinnach .u Sugar 96 Turnips, boiled 8 veal, roasted 25 Venison, boiled 22 BEATMONT'S TABLE OF DIGESTION. Apples, iweet. raw ^.^ Apples, sop.megow, raw '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.2^ Beans. podTboIled oflo Beet fresh, rare, roasted '.'."3M ied.. 2 AM SUa ..3:30 2«0 Catflsli', frred""" '♦^ p^?S^^"°''*' «"■<>"«• "raw"'"-" l^ CoUflsh, cured boiled IjSt Hkk. fresh, hard boiled'.. :::; i:S J-ggs, tresh, soft 2'59 Mgs, fresh fried ....;;;;.:;:::; i^, Fowl, boiled . J^" Fowi. roast. . . ^•"O" t'owl, fricasseed' '.■.■.■.'.'.■.■ ?*' Gooso, roast .... *=*■' f amb, fresh, boiled .'.'.' .' .r'Sn fciver, beef. boHed '.■.'.'. y^O Milk, boiled ... 2«ii Mill£,ru,w 2KW Mutton, fresh, roast .'.'.'.' S'-}^ Mutton, fresh, broiled ..".■. iih Mutton, fresh, boiled ?:S" Oysters, fresh, raw f^ Oysters, fresh, roast ;?? Oysters, frenh, stew ;.■.' i'i?. Parsnips, boiled 330 Pork, tat ana lean, roast .' .' ?.=?? gork. fat and lean, raw fi? Poutoes, Irish, boiled .■.•.■.' .f"® Potatoes fresh, baked ^ 29 lUoe, boiled '■^ Sugar....!?... 1--00 'Sugo, boiled ...■.'.■.'.■.■.'.' 3:30 Safmon, salted, boiled }=*X boup, beef, vcKetabie ....:; f -^ boup, chiclcon, boiled .[ i^ Soup, oyster, boiled 3.30 TaDiocu, boiled 3:31' Tripe, soused, boiled.....'. ^^ Trout, salmon, fresh, boiled 'or 'fried tISS Turkey, domeHtio, roast"!. i^ Turkey, wild roast.... 3^0 Tupnips. boiled ::;;;:;;; VJ Veal, fresh, broiled ...■.' ?S Veal, fresh, fried f«g Venison steak, boiled . f^ 1»9 INTERESTING PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTS. fr.lu'^u "''*i™|''n,'«^eiRht is reachod at tl.e fortieth year; it then remains nearly atl m inoces to diminish until death. .J^*^*?** ''eight of men between 25 and 40 IB about 140 lbs., and of women 120 /be The average duration of life is about ilrS:rj;.riid.'"°'**"*^ •"•"««-*«»*-"• The full growth is usually attained at t°«*i't*«-l ?l..flthough^niany Zone T>u "" "'"r .'"*"= Swenty-iiriii year. «« ft,, ^7?^" ^'i^'** "* " ""Jnl*. acoordinij toQuetelet, is5 feetSinehea. """"g At birth boys are heavier than trirls • tha average weight being 61 lbs. ^ ' * if' "■I 4 ■Mi 18 HOW TO ACQUIRE HEALTH, STRENGTH AND MUSCLE. The life of man may be idivided into five perio l4 : lat. the foetal ; 2nd, the infantile ; 3rd, the adolescent j 4th, the adult : and oin, that ef old age. The average length of the newly-born male mfant is 18i inches, while that of the female is 18^ inohea. The temperature of tho body should not exceed 98 degrees. The weight of blood is equal to one-eicht of the total weight of the body. The blood of males is heavier than that of females. The number of pulsations of the heart in « minute, varies with the age of the indivi- dual, being 130 to 140 at birth, 80 to 85 during childhood, 70 to 75 during adult life, and 50 to 65 in old age. 'J'he weight of brain is equal to about one thirty-sixth of the totei weight of the body. In the course of a year man takes into his system more than 3,000 pounds of materials QAAiu "^"^f ' i'^OOlbs. ; food, SOOlbs ; air. tiOOlbs. In the same length of time man ejects the same amount, consisting of expir- ed air, perspiration, urine and fteces. As long as the bones are not solidly unit- ed with their epiphyses the creature grows. In man this solidification takes place at the age of twenty. The elevation of the air is supposed to be 60 miles. The human body is said to undergo a com- plete renewal every seven years. It has been proved by exoeriment thit the muscle t^ken from a healthy animal after death will bear more weight'and decompose ■lower than that taken from an unhealthy animal. ^ The atmospheric pressure on all bodies is at the rate of fifteen pounds to every square inch. ^ The skin of a large man is 16 feet square, and the weight his body supports is 34,560 lbs. ' Ordinarily, persons breathe once while the pulse beats four times, or 17 times a minute, and during that time the pulse numbers 70 Btrokes. The duration of life is given by the dura- tion of growth ; the duration of growth is given by that of gestation ; the duration of gestotion by the height pf the stature. Man is twenty years in gtowiug, and ■hould live five times twenty— acoordina to M. Flourens— 100 yean. Twenty.four hogsheads of air are said to enter a pair of full grown luncs dailv. Au undue proportion of lime in "the ays- tem is the cause of premature atay hair in many cases. After the enamel of the tooth is wore off HirJ^^-iu'i"' "'"y " ^"" "^ ""le tubes hlled with hme ; now the acids of saliv. mucus, and food, dissolve this lime and mi the tubes with foreign matter. • after which, the tube, dissolve or cruS away WK *^*«''««Po«ed, and the pain of toothache ensues. nf tC'f "^*^' ^"?' **^ "^^ "^y- The carbon of the food mixing with the oxygen of the air evolves heat in the same way tliat a fire or candle does. Old people are far-sighted, because the humours of their eyes are dried up by ase ■ in consequence of which, the cornek siik. in' or becomes flattened. ' The colouring matter of the blood is form- ed by very minute globules floating in it The oxygen uniting with the cost, of these globules) makes them mUky-and the dark through this milky coat) appear, of a bright Food is converted into bipod in the fol- lowing naanner : After it is swallowed, it is diMolved in the stomach into a gray pulp called chymo ; it then passe, into the intes- tineti, and is converted by the bile into a milky substance called chyle. Running makes us warm because we in- a»r more rapidly when we run, and cause the blood to pass more rapidly through ^^Zl\T "" T^'^^ ^'"^ '*- I^"i°^'>« acts upon the capillary vessels as a pair of bel- low- on a common fire. respiration Reading aloud increases the and creates hunger. The number of ribs in the human body is twelve on each side, proceeding from tho spme to the sternum, or toward it. and serving to inclose and protect the heart and lungs.' The number of bones in the body varies at different ages, but in the adult there arc ^a. They are divided as follow. : Skull.. /Cranial o tFaoe ......: n Trunk j ^^^' thorax andabdoinen .' . . 30 .. ( reivis J Upper ex- ..(Right) ". * tremitiee. ■JLeft..f 6i Lower ex- r Rinht ) «„ ^tremlties. iLeft..} ^^ Internalear ,. T«'»*'» •••••v" •■^■:^::::::::::::::::::32 .!■.;(. 238 MEDICINAL U8E OF SALT. In many cases of a disordered stomacb, a tM.poonf ul of salt i. a certain oaoe. In tiie violent int teaspoonfu it and go t remedies 1 person whc tall. In ai lost in pou cient sensi ing ; if not cold water will conipli lethar^j'. m warm wi leg. briskly from the n< cured, if pc bleeding a medics fail, of .alt coi tooth-ache, part, and r« relieve in affected, wi teeth be c twice a da neck, waah twice a da worms, if ui and aias dig if much usei PROPI Charcoal i by all water been expelle light, and in pesible by m without alte: Among th( may be ment smell, taste t possessing th over putrid r ed. If a pie< Eutrid water, e destroyed pletely fresh, when water habit of thro purify it Cc charcoal and very irregulj black syrup a coal, the coloi coal of animal for thifl nnrnQ enoe of chare filtering a bot the filtration i its colour and LB, «th i« wore off, of little tubes «!<)• of saliva, til lima uid iiji natten ; after orumble away, d the pain of '. The carbon oxyaeu of the ivay that a fire id, bsoauae the ied np by age ; 3ornea ainka in, » blood is form- floating in it. ooitfl of these •and the dark blood (seen arsof a bright od in the fol- sallowed, it is » a jjray pulp into the intes- w bile into a eoauae we in- we run, and ipidly through Running acts a pair of beU >e respiration uman body is ing from the ward it, and ihe heart and >ody varies at alt there arc ws : 8 U bbdomen 50 ; J .* ej 60 f. 32 las SALT. 1 stomach, a ioe. in tke ^0^ TO ACQUIRE HEELTE, STRENGTH AND MUSCLE. 19 violent internal aching, termed cholic. add a t«a«iK>onful of salt to a pint of water, drink It and go to bed ; it is one of the speediest remedies known. The same will fevive a P^^on who seems almost dead from a heavy tali In an apoplectic fit, no time should be lost in pourin({ down salt and water, if sulfi. cient sensibUity remain to allow swallow- inc ; if not, the head must be sponged with cold water until the sense returns, when salt wiU completely restore the patient from the ietharjij . lu u lit, the feet should be placed la warm wuter, with mustard added, and the legs briskly rubbed ; all bandages removed from the neck, and a cold apartment pro- cured, if possible. In many cases of severe bleeding at the lungs, aBd when other re- mediesfail, Dr. Rush found two teaspoonfuls of salt completely stayed the blood. In tooth-ache, warm salt and water held to the part, and renewed two or three times, will relieve in most cases. If the gums be atfected, wash the mouth with brine ; if the teeth be covered with tartar, wash them neck, wash the part with bnue, and drink wTJ!^ ». day until cured. Salt will expel worms, if used m food to a moder v+e degree ceas two or three times and stroyed it altogether. yon have d«< PROPORTION OF A PERFECT HUMAN FIGURE.I . An entire human figure should be exacUv SIX times the length of the foot ; the face »rom the commencement of the hair above t«nf h °'?^'^;? *:? /'''' '"^ •^f »»'« '^^in. <«>« tenth ; the hand (measurmg from the wrist to the tip of the middle finger) should be the same; the chest, (,ne-fcurth ; and from tho top of the chest to the highest point of the forehead, ono-seventh. Let the length of the face, froni the roots of the hair to tho chin, be divided into three equal parts, the ^i^'''"^*u*''■""''^ ^■^'^'•« tl'« eyebrouH meet, and the second the proper place of the nostrils Of the human bo<5y, the navel is the central part, and if a man were to lie upon his back, with his arms extended, the periphery of the circle which might be de- scribed around hira would tonch the extremi. ties of his hands and feet. The height from the feet to the top of the head should be pre- cisely the same distance when the arms are extended sideways. PROPERTIES OF CHARCOAL. bv^ir^"?^ " "^^ ¥ oli^'ing wood, where- hL„ "^"^il""^ and other volatile matter has hZ a Ph"'"^> ^'»*- I* >« ''l^^k. brittle. nfJiW u '°°'i«'^°««. and, not being decom- mitT^^*^^- ""P? properties of charcoal TZl^t^J^'^'T^'^ P°^«' °f destroying possessing the first quality, if it be rubbed over putrid meat Z &Jonr wi.l be destroy^ * r * P'*"® "^ charcoal be thrown into putrid water, the putrid taste or smeU wS nfeteftri? *".'^-^« ^»*«' rendered c^m- pleteljr fresh. Sailors are aware of this • for purifvft '^*'r"«>'^* ^""""'^ in»« it to SL f S"^?*" " materially influenced by charcoal and in numbers of instances in a enoeofc^oi ia^ TeSnT cofo^ t iU oS. .^^ tJ!^' '*!* * 8"*t portion of m colour and bwome tawny; repeat tho pro- THE LUNGS : HOW TO TEST AND STRENGTHEN THEM, ETC. The lungs are a hollow, spungv mass, ca- pable of conhnmg air and of being dieted by ifc Tliey are so situated in the thorax (or chest), that the air must enter into them Ur^^T^V^"'^*''" °^ *^« thorax artseT larged. The process of breathiuR is ner- formed thus : When we inhale, the Vo«?I^ expanded, in consequence of which a vacn. nm 18 fornied round the lungs, and heaw external air instantly enters (through tS mouth and throat) to supply this VMuum! When we exhale, the thorax contracts agiSn in conBequence of which it can no loL» contain the same quantity of air as itlid before, and soma of it ic necessarily expelled. When this expulsion of air takes pSth; lungs and muscular fibres of the wind^pip. and guUet contract in order to assist the pS The following simple experiment is said to be a test for the soundness of the lungs - Let the patient diaw in a full breath, anrt then begin to count an far >>o h« -•- - ->-.-} and audibly, without again inS^tiM^'tiie lungs, he number of second" he can oon- & .ntobecarefuUy.. d. u^l fanned consumption the tune does not exceed eight, and it » often less than six secondiu 4 20 HOWTO ACQUIRE HEALTH. 8TREN0TH AND MUSCLE. In plenniy and pneumoius it raoKfli from nine to four ieoonda. But when the Inngs •re sonnd, the time will rauge aa high aa twenty to thirty seoonda. A simple and good method to strengthen the voioe and Inn^ is to draw a full breath »nd without agam inflating, hitting the breaat with both hands. This done regiflarly, rn rising every morning, is very good for lungs. On examination, the lungs will be found tnU of innumerable little holes, like a sponge. These holes are the cells into which the air enters when we breathe. So great is their number that they have been calculated to amount to 170,000, forming a surface thirty times greater than the human body. Every one of these cells is provided with a net- work of blood-vessels, by which muans every portion of the blood ia brought into imme- diate contact with the air. When this great amount is taken into consideratian, we shall at once feel how necessary it is to supply pure air to the lungs with every breath we breathe. CAUSES OP LEFT-flANDEDNESS. Questions arise among anatomists whether the properties of the right hand, in compar- won with those of the left, depend on the course of the arteries to it. It is affirmed that the trunk of the artery going to the right arm, passes ofi" from the heart so as to admit the blood directly and more foroiblv to the small vessels of the arm. For the convenience of life, and to make ns prompt and dexterous, it is pretty evident that there onght to be no hesiUtiou which hand is to be used, or which foot is to be put forward • nor is there, ia fact, any such indecision. Is this taught, or have we this readiness given tons by nature? There is a distinction in the whole right side of the body, and that the left side is not only the weaker in regard to muscular strengh. but also in its vital coMtitutional properties. The development of the organa of action and motion is great- est upon the right side, as may at any time be fiscertained by meaaurement, or by the testimony of the tailor or shoemaker. Cer- tainly, this anperiority may be said to result from the more frequent exertion of the right iiand ; but the peculiarity extends to the constitution also, and disease attacks the left extremities more freq"ently than the right. '"i 'fST" dancers we may see that the nght foot. But their preparatory exercise better evinoe the natural weakness of the left limb, since these performers are made t give double practice to this limb, in order to avoid awkwardness in the pnblio exhibition : for if these exercises be neglected, an un- graceful performance wUl be given to the right side. In walking behinf a person, it 'LT^ r*uT ^'"'* ^*' "«• " e,|aali2ed motion of the body ; and if we look to the left foot, we shall rind that the tread is not so firm upon it, that the toe is not so much turned out as in the right, and that a greater push IS made with it. From the i^uliar form of woman, and the elasticity of her step, resulting more from the motion of the ankle than of the haunches, the defect of the left toot, when It exists, is more apparent in her gait. No boy hops on his left foot, un- less The, 8 left-handed. The hor; man puts his left foot m the stirrup and springs from the right We think we may conclude that eyerythin,< being adapted, in the conve- mences of life, to the right hand— as for example, the direction of the worm of the screw, or of the cutting end of the augur— is not arbitrary, but is related to a natural endowment of the body. He wbo is left-handed IS most sensible to the advan- tages of this adaptation, from the opening of the parlour door to the opening of a penknife. Ob the whole, the preference of the richt hand IS not the eftect of habit, but a nattfral provision, and is bestowed for a very obvious purpose ; and the property does not depend on the pecuhar distribution of the arteries of the arm, but the preference is given to the right foot as well as the right hand ON AVOIDING AND TREATMENT OF SUNSTROKE. To avoid sunstroke it is wall to place a sponge or cloth on the head ; but workiue- men cannot well attend to this. Use two linings m the top of the hat They may be of paper or cloth, one blue, the other yellow, and are worn as a covering in your h- 1 For a sudden remedy, as a subrtituto, use green leaves or apiece of silk. If possible also use a light umbrella. T«pid water prevents the rush of blood and will cool the system. When you find a case of sunstroke or apo- plexy, as soonas possible apply water heated ^ •■'?'? "S *° "^ "^^as. Use two or three ^r ,, •. ■^*?"' '* *"> >" » 'm*!! 'trMm ; let It fall a few inches, direcdy on the back of Jihe head at the junction of the cerebellum with the spmal colnmn. in or near th« hair ihen set the patient np and mb dry. The warm water passes oflF over the cheeks. Ihen apply alcohol 6r atimnUnta to tha.neok and back of the haad. It. son stroke and b« applied ly (hot pa blood from IMPU Dr. B. H students of lege, some spoken rem a dozen wel try, and n holea." H« and depress the poisonoi hundreds at ous martyi salvation by SERIOUS Vitiated a most horribl few of the cited in proo In the yi India, one! chiefly Eng soldiers, w«i the Black H ing more noi square, and < nished with 1 for the admii a confinemei and twenty-1 der were sub fever,' which most of the < In the yea: sea, seventy kept for a sh vessel, the hi been 'laid o ' battened do namber was also during a IMtasengers w tical manner, steamer Lon< from Liverpo namber ptsnt very probabh ily met with for the strenj bursting opei HOW TO ACgUIRS HEALTH, fclTRKN(iTH AND MUSCLE. TMENT OF stroke «nd apoplexy, very hot water should be applied to the feet and aoklcs immediate- ly (hot packs 'will do). This draws the blood from the head. IMPURE AIR IN CHURCHES. Dr. B. Howard Raud, in an address to the students of the Peuneylvania Medical Col- Iej(e, some years ago, amongst other out- STOken remarks, said ; • There are hardly a dozen well-ventilated churches in the ooun- try, and many are but enlarged "black holee." Here the ooneregation sits, stupid and depressed from carbonic acid, taking in the poiflonous emanations from the bodies of hundreds around. Thousands of unconsci. ous martyrs have thus gained their souls' salvation by their bodies' death.' SERIOUS EFFECTS OF VITIATED ATMOSPHERE. Vitiated atmosphere is productive of the most horrible efifects. The following are a few of the many examples that might be cited m proof of this assertion : In the year 1756, during a rebellion in India, one hundred and forty-aix persons, chiefly English, Dutch, and Portuguese soldiera, were imprisoned by the natives in the Black Hole of Caloutte, which was noth- ing more nor less than a room eij^hteen feet square, and about sixteen feet high, and fur- nished with two grated openings on one side for the admission of light and air. During a confinement of twelve hours one hundred and twenty-three perished, and the remain- aer were subsequently attacked with 'putrid fever,' which ia said to have proved fatal in most of the oases. In the year 1797 or '8, during a storm at sea, seventy men, women and children were kept for a short time in the hold of a small vessel, the hatches of which had not only been 'laid over.' but for better security, •battened down.' The death of the entire number was the result In Dooember 1848 also during a storm, one hundred and fifty pasaen/ters were enclosed in the name herme- tical manner, in the steerage cabin of the steamw Londonderry, while on its passage from Liverpool to New York. Soon hal the number i>t>riaued by suSbcation, and it is very probable that the rest who have speed- ily met with a similar fate, had it aot been tor the strength of one man who succeeded in bursting open the door of the companion- way, although the oapUin of the steamer bad Uken especial paius to prevent such an ooonrrence. The following are a dw examples to Ulna- traie the imporUnoe of a thorough system of ventilation, in oases where little if any oom. plaint has beeu previously made of inatten- tion to this hygienic measure : There waa once in Glasgow an assemblage of buildings atUohed to a factory, which were occupied by about five hundred persons— one family to each room. There han«. PhyMolans m«y pre«onih«, but th« belt onre ia brenth- 0lM« '*"''*'' **'"°*''*""^" by removing from the The above faoti are merely selected from a iingarray of m miliar char»ct«r, which tend to ahow the paramount importanoe of breathing an untainted atmoaphere. It is certainly no exagKoratiou to gay that were the public a« paitiflularaa they ahould be. and easily might be, about the quantity of that subtile iluid which enters and departs from an arerage pair of human luncs about* thousand times in an hour, and nearly nine mU on times "n a ye,r, the biUs of human ' mortality would be reduced one-third at ie«t, and the ordinary duration of hqmab life be i}fa;er seventy than forty. FACTS ABOUT AIR, Out of a series of articles on streoBth and ^^*^t'- ^y **>««»« Dr. G. B. WinsVip. we republish the following : ^ The ocean of air which encircles our alobe toa supposed elevation of nearly fifty miles, M kept wholesome by a stupendous system of circulation, which tends to di(I\ise to a harmless extent whatever would be deleter- lous. The purest atmosphere ever at our disposal contains something which is inno- cent only fcom its extreme dilution, its mmnte relative quantity. Carbonic aoid for instance, 18 perfectly harruless if it does ootcrasfatutemore than one five-hundredth of the a°"«^■ they dS2Sn$.r-^ U day. emit '. ..4 It IS this gra which ^kes spring water so Tu 4S« *°i I!»l»t!Me, and it^is tie absent oi 1.^ ..•}»„ ,„a.-:€3 boiled water ao insipid. Bnt however grateful it may be to the sto- mach, it is so exceedihgly obnbxioua to the lungs, that every care shduld be liaken to t i^ V ** ''^''^u*^ ** " poiiiMe. Hence the importance of thoroagh and constant ventij. d!ffir.'i **"°^J''" •>«?""• '•«! to rive it snoh dimand" " "-eqi'MmenU of health will Apartments which are nndergrennd, or otherwise so situated and contnved as r„ favouran accumulation of thisgas,maybee^«;i v Kept iree from an undue quantity of it ))/ occasional y washing the walls with a stroi, solntion of caustic lime, which readily enters into union with the gas, resulting in the for- Sk" h»rmless substance, common lu *]'^". ^°^ mentioned two grand methodfl of getting rid of one of the iu visible foss of human health, which msy be found lurking in the atmosphere ; but here IS another five times more deadly —»arbonio oxide, a chemical combination of 'one volume of carbon with only one of oxygen. Prof Higgins, of Dublin, desiious of asoertaininK if any one of iU effects were similar to tho.o of nitrous oxide, on being inhaled, prepare-! somefor the purpose : and in the presence of ^ lew soientiHc friends, took three or four in- spirations of it ; he then fnll suddenly to the floor, remained totally insensible for a half hour, and was only revived by having pure oxygen forcad into his Inngi. But for sev. eral days he continued alarmingly ill, afflict- ed vnth vertigo, shivering turns, convuUive agitations and excruciating headache. Sir Humphrey Davy tried the experiment, modi- tied by diluting the gas with twenty.flve per cent, of common air, but he nnderwenC an almost precisely similar train of symptoms. Uis not less fatal to the lower animafs than to man. A French chemist ascertained that air containing four or flvr per cent, of it could prove instantly fatr! i . f , am „-, and nn- per cent., in two mimlt««s r,,-. ;. 'ovl This gas is a product ' i , ^vu ^u , -om- bustion, particularly ' t.:i.rcoal. Hence the double danger in a close room, of having a charcoal fire, or of aUowing a candle, or lamp, or gas-light to smoke. Unlike car- bonic acid, it will not form a precipitate with lime, but It IS important to know, that in a free circulation of air it may not be genera- ted ; and that if it is, it wiU be a restrictod amount Yet this ciroumstanoe ahould not make us less mindful of the utility of a chimney or funnel so arranged aa to ensure the rapid and complete removal from an apartment of so deleterions ainbstande. IN AND OUT-DOOR AfiL When a small portion of the air of a orowdod root distilled wat4 tains varioas portiona of In soaloK, ,rth i it* I -4rtivi«»i wh«i war til* or b ■ i.i«i r they adheia. ' sand and d •rious forma then, thatthi rvptedby ma chambers, by samhiies, or a every breath monster life. for a few honi pbere b« treat will be found few tibrea of \ of fungus, bui httoukn hair, a ter. In our oloao ed with organi ma! matter liv the atmosphfl chambers of rooms, so that swallowed, act every momen strongly urgim blood and hi chambers at th iiU(, and to oon braathingagaj AIR PRESSl Dr. W. H. S Physical Sooiel experiments ou man lungs duri s^ments. Al thirteen ponndi vraa the ordu tube was insert the lips were sd piece, aa in orai er pressure o< muknles invarial expiratory pov was exhausted, wcro satuoieut i ohestral tone : pressure <^ fron inch ; the olario bassoon, seven HOW TO ACQUIRE HEALTH. 8TRENOT1. AND MUSCLE. ». Heooa tho naUnt ventil. Kive it MUoli f health will ergronnd, or ttrived m to i.maybeeMiily itity ot it )) / vith a Btroii^, eartily entfii^ ig in the for. Doe, common two ((rand the iuvliihie ih may be 9 ; bat here Ij— »arbonio one volume .fgcn. Prof, aaoertaining ilar to thoso d, prepare «rtiU«< Qt i.f oduotiou, which adhere whftitf/er iiiey strike or fall on wet lurfaoea, or t . wn r sore places, and grow wherever they atibeia. There ia also a suiall amount sand and dirt, with great number* of the anous forms of animal life. No wonder, then, that the blood is soon t«inteiP'*-^-o^'.®****' *° » P^Pe' before the i'hysical Society of London, describes some experiments on the wind proaaure in tho hu- man lungs during perfoimauoe on wind in- strnmenta. About six feet of water, or thirteen pounda preaaure per aquaio inch, waa the ordinary maximum wiien a small tube was inserted between the lipa. When the lips were anpported by a aapped mouth- piece, aa in oraaa instrum^inta, .1 much great- er pressure could be sustained, and lip. mubojes invariably gave way long before the expiratory power of the thoraoio muscles was exhausted. The following pressures ..era samoieut to produce and averace or- oheatral tone : The oboe requires 7n air- pressure of from five to ten ounces per square inoh ; the clarionet, eight to fourteen ounces; bassoon, aeven to fourteen ounces ; hora CURES, PRESCRIPTIONS AND PRE" VENTIVES FOR VARIOUS AIL MENTS, ETC. nuRtTMATiSM—Ono pound Spanish Aarwna. In, M..*„^? ounces irim tnilaccum, two amom io JIdo potasBiu. Boll Bar»at>.irilla and Biilaccun Z^J] T," «?,""" of water, strain, tl il^efSm,^ In the liquid. Bottle and keep, It In a com nlac Sweeten to taste with moiaJim. A wino g mb- Hoiland^n drinking, use nothing bot ,...^.1,1' """'""lai^r for some people In Ireland to Mt7r1, 0*^,"'"'',°**".! •"■ '■orje-chestnutln the pock- et for a euro for rhcuTnatlsni. * or I heumatisin boll in n quart of water two nUSnS^?'. ^ay'ierry bark an/l a qSarter of^ ounce of ladies' slipper. Having strained add a drttchm and a half of tincture of Kualao. with a nairhJV™ '" '^ I"''^" morning and night. Tn? m th^ii^?^''"* hand-rubbing a gentle friction to the atfeotcd parts. Then apply BoapllnimoPt- .IrOn^n^Hn"'!"^ °K "'^'H!' I''«Vi0UHlyVdd forty trJu^Td^'jtVrte^.'rtVt^."-'**"! «« '^^om benefit for rheumatism ; ironing the afTected part with a hot iron aa hot as canT)ebornrwUh. Sutao"''" *'■"' °"*° "'"■* '"■ <»"nplal«>t at the DiARHHcKA. Dysentery and OHOLERA.-The /v. r. /sun remedy for cholerine is as foUows: I ake equal parts of tincture of lAudanura ; tlr.o- rhnha^K "U"" ^^'"P'^'^' f^Wc Strength ; tlDOiuro r„il?» ^= eseeiiceof peppermint.treble strength ; t'jL*^°^''*"'P^°'"! °»^lna bottle; dose from ?nm= i^™S'' a'^cordlng to violence of symp- needed. * "P*^*'*^ *° 1" «"■ ^ minutes if In severe oas's of dlarrhcBa take the followlng- 10 grains gum camphor and 6 grains opinni • pa^"e?«teM^^^^^^ an< while It b aaes. fioldlng over tLat a piece oi romplalnS'"' " "^ ^^<>^^^"'^ drink fo/ bowel A teaspoonfnl of grated lug. mixed with dlar'h """"' P''°P'"'"°'i "^k, is ^ven In .-■t if?f i^'"'"' V' Pu'veriBea ginger, dissolved L^5^"^"*'*"''?'v*f°.!**8^"- ^ 8«od for crampB and looseness of the bowels. i'eppermint tea is also good for diarrhoea- i*^''!?^! **"*•" "'"''' will often cure dysentery if that does not act, mix a little floiiwlthlt! In exireme cases, hot milk and plaster of Paris Mi '2i HOW TO ACQUIRE HEALTH, STRENGTH AND MUSCLE. wi?>KT?fl' ^"^•"'I'.lMt »hould never Ibe (akca T^k»*A"l?°?«'}'"''K»8;oo« treatment, never failed nhva^i/i® *'*'*• J? connection with this, let the physician prescribe the usual does of chlorate of potash, tote dissolved in a tumbler of watw Tak^^*""*"'"^ °* ^^^°^ *""«* ^e frequentTy nlSfi^i* !^"®' *° diphtheria is said to be found by Ji^^.^'?""" pepper in the sharpest vinegw. ^^^ ojoPPing In Jive coaU and inhaUng the ?hrownn?h^H^.P°l- /' «'^^i? ^^^ streigfh to inrow up the detached membrane. besideB af. fording great relief In breathing An administration of four drops of nure aul- phuric acid in a tumbler of water is an Austra lian remedy for diphtheria. Austra- re^fdS iS^„?J* """^ water is amongthebestof IVHf^u ^ ordinaiy sore throat, slight bron- chitis, hacking cough and hoarseness, nn^if^n?^®"' ,*." affections of the throat or brm3''r^"^,7°''"^*^ rliubarb. quarter ounce; BB^ v.^#°®"*- one-eiKbt ounce ; bruised gui Snn?«.^^i" uT^e; bruised columbl, quarter ounce: alcohol, one quart Let it stand om fT^i'ht ^^T] P^?' '"^"'"^ takea tIwes„(S,n^ wat^f ^^ morning in a wine glassful of of Wrilnnn^;."'®.^^'*""^y«P«P«iai« : A decoction wirht^i "?*• ^'^^y,' boneset and wormwood nV^Jr^ff''*''"' dissolved in each dose, as Much as will he on a silver half dime, taken in dosM Tn ^fi'i^'S "•» « ^^^f".' before each me^l.^' io assist digestion take two pans white Ca*,- i I ««•?• one part ipecac, and, Ed wi'S m^ Sn^t^' ^.T" '"'^^}'=' "lako ordinary pill, taking Dni^"*® i'T^„* "Jay before each meal. * fr,™ Ef*^ S^*."' wf" save the dyspeptic patient i,^f^™^'''"*'*"'e88i"g sickness; siat a small Slfco'm^XlTe^''^'' '"^"^ '^^^^ une.^;Z^ cia'IX'd^s'p'llSlL*. tbeantldotegiven by physi- CONByMPTioN. -Consumptives have found Bou?bon " ?;?:i^^^ ?°"^ ''^'"K tokeenfhlmaUve^ uouroon^ lime water, cream and braudv nort wine and Scotch ale are all H^8^rate. ^' ^ /.„„a'*'^'?^ e^™ ''*'■''• t° be chewed, is given for hemorrife^' «"«•« ^^P^olaUy those s^t to Extract of malt, mares' and asses' milk ar« nil given to build up the eyatam of InvaliJe. Hemorrhage oj the lungs may be stooDed bv throwii^ a handful of saft in the mouth. ^ io^| <.J'!"7"=7F— The teeth may be easily and l^llV'"'^'^ ^^"^ discoloration by pauStfy mt bing them onoe a month or six weeka. hut nnf oftener. with the end of alitUeTS wttn sweet-Sla'^S"nLH'PP^/ *^ J* comMon of sweet^oUand powdered, unadulterated mvrph SuTcTb^t^te''^^^^ •'""' "'^ teetT W'SJ wlu'^Zv«'J^;7h'*°£'' steeped in Jamaica rum. s'ho"uid"b7Sp'2Mt'*'''''"*^'°****^- '^'^^y Moisten a little cotton in a soluUon of aum ai^'c^irav ^-"-^ p^*'^ « ra ^^^^^^ Creosote is used as a caustic, and bums awav prru°cMe*'^r'^°*^'*»''^^"»^-^W^ w& f^^r^nZ^^'i^^rSh^-^^^^r,' ?P,'?°'''^^*''^**'''?:'"°"^ '"crustations on the anla^eeawf'" '^^^'^^ «weet and agre'^^ ^sfe". *"" * ^^''^ ^'^ ^^ applying™ raw th^^"" 7J^ eyes nothing is better than bathing o^t^ahh^eSr."* "'•«"«• ^•«'"»» «>« «y«» . Si?'®!?^'' 'u®i*^y^. may be removed by dipping M^^ Inf/^*" In alcohol and painting fhe stye. o.i^^?*'^"*^'T^'''s ™*y be onred By taking small piece of cottonwool, placing ^und nip- per in it, then gathering it into aliSS; tyiuK 1^ up. after which Blp the 1^1 into s^t oil. and tetspiS^"*^^'"- UBeabandag^toreSS Thk N08K.— Catarrh may be relieved bv snuifingsalt and water. reiievea py A stone held at the back of the neck will fre- quently stop bleedintc of the nose Pii-»i8.-Takea nuteaU, pound, and finely pul- ywi'^eit.mixit with enough lard to make it mtoasalve. One appllcaUSn Is generaUy suffl- WoiJNySi — To preyant vrr— «;"= ' -.- »i;t.— ing, sprinkle sugar onThear'lCe^MlM°wafth fh!fi wounds with wine ahd sprinkle sugar ra them. Obstinate ulcers may be (mref with ,W;dlssolved to asttong deio^oS^rfl^ut HOW TO ACQUIRE HEALTH. STRENGTH AND MUSCLE. 23 A good method to heal a cut Is to alaa it im ^}tr^ °° ^Wch ^e*hot glul 6m t"S fJS2V?°^ '*'"' CotDe—Onlon BTTup, made ^.*J'?,|[""«^ ??"* sweetened, is exceUent Wild Cherry Pectoral is also good. frt^K«2F™^"Z^^.?« Btoppea by Buddealy J2J^55®°*"? or vldlently shaldng the person <* ^^VT'^*'™"«*»«0'» by drSnkenSew. hSS'^J^l ♦?**''— ^<»1 nettlerasb or prickly Wabts,-To remove wartB take a leaf of STRENGTH AND HOW TO ATTAIN IT. DB. O. B. WIMSHIP'S METHOD. ' A» thy days, so shaU thy strength be. K«.,„ ;.'■*" ."='""*^e wane take a It wll?hS'?«^«io.=i'^- ^?i '^« mornlnK the wart 1? m?S i^^^f,^i° S»ch an extent that half of fL^t^„''LP«i"'^ °Fl **ePe** tl»e application wm dii.?L^*f °**f''*' "''^ *^« excrescences W^/^SS^v* le»v"»? no mark behind. commo'SS.V^S?? ''^ '"^'^'"« ^^^"^ ^''»» rB^^'^^'n^**^ ?" 'n^*^ ^th lime water Is Ihg each Ume. wlthlw^t^r ^"^ "^''* «"* '^'^P moistened m2'ki*in^«7#^fk'"?" root^and (wound allspice Swg^. ™- <^'a'*»om"e flowers are BiiiouBifjaa-Cockle's and Triplex dUIb ^v|d in many cases a certain remedy for eiy- Dandrcff.— Powdered borax disgolved in dMdruff.uBingwithitaUttlosoap. ""'"""^ lltO« m^^ar^** '■®,°"'^«' freckjes dissolve a S«?^S?pfaTe!^?et^lfrV^ri'^fit on th«^.V)n°i?.^-~^2'"J«^«'", «•"■«« or eruptions 25. «® *r^ P'<^?<=6d by cold, change of diet etc., apply camphor ice. * ' ,i£"'"'!S^?''*'*''-7-011 o' vitriol, the 'salts of ttu',i^^,^,^^r°f^y^ the most active for neu- m;^m? '*"• odours originating from putrid n.Ji^'^''!'"*'^?^ *•** neutralization of various poisons administer as follows : Soda and ma^ nesla after acids ; the whites of eggs, lime wat^ eror charcoal after arsenic; soap and Vlter gfter corrosive sublimate; s^ OTllmi^*ter SS'f^l*?^?.: m'ikand water aftw white vit- 2lvIr*'%''i^S?-f common salt after nitrate of In I himwi?^* tea-spoonful of mustard mixed Wu'^c'^roiiang."'" ^''^'■'''^^ ^^*ll«'^«'l ^"1 Nervoub Affections.— a siclc headache f"?^w?^o?"?h\S« '«'}"'^f'^ ^^ looklng^Silr Ko^„i^1 *" J!l'^^ minutes at a pl*ce of green b^ae, greea sUk, or other green material .-u ■"^''*'4**?«ctiongof the head or soine SSL^I^ V^«i °'-8P0?giiigThehea?auJ spme with water and rock sifft. A«ok or nervous headache m v often ha fe^tlmi. "^*^ ~'* W4ttr ovjr thXt*^ •eh. ^^uEi; otoMacii,— For a dcuangeu atom- Heavy-UftinKwas commenced by the late Dr. Geor«e Barker Winship in August, 1855. whenm Ls 22nd year, beginning with m lbs. He continued the practice daily untU 7n^lK°"*' n *^t y«*\»* which time he lifted TOOlbs. On the l2th of May he Ufted 929 Ids., and on the 15th of December of the same year, l,0321b8. ; on the 18th of Janu- ary, I,l331b8, ; and on the 10th of May fol- lowing 1 2081be This is the he,»viest that he has lifted with his hands. The Doctor's 1421b8. His mode of lifting was as follows : He sank a hogshead in theground.and in the hogshead a barrel A rope, with a traiw' verse bar at the end, was then lowered to the bottom of the barrel. Then atones and gravel were thrown in until a weight waa obtained of between 400 and SOOlb^ Another cross-bar at the upper end of the rope gave him his handle for lifting. Then fn l"'^v.***^^'^* °? *^« hogshead, and hold- ingthe handle with one hand before him and the other behind, he raised the barrel ^"ho sh**^"'' "'°^®'*"" *he bo'tom of The next dlay he added a few pounds to the weight, and the next a few pounds more, and thus he advanced very gradually, day by day, until at the end of the year 700 Ibi had been reached. f* II Hi 1* f - .J u. 3 )'-: 26 HOW TO ACQUIRE HEALTH. STRENGTH AND MUSOLE. pounng shot into the OAvities of th« thellt. after having first aept^Ated them from the hamile. A few weeks practice enabled him holdiog the dnmb-bell in one hand at the shoulder, to give it the requisite elevation, and one year's practice, to do the san i with ^e lastrument loaded to its full weight. TJe offectof this dumb-bell practise waTto and depth to the upper region of the chest, and to give the shoulders a kind of spread they could not have got, rperhaps; by any other means— the practice with the loaded barrel, or with the yoke and chains atad heavy weight connected, excepted. In March, 1859, he provided himself with anew and more elaborate apparatus for his eipenraents. It consisted of two trestles, a putform, ten iron disks averaging a little more than a hundred pounds each, an iron ■haft passing concentrically through them, and a hook and chain to form the connection between the shaft and handle. Exchanging the round handle which he had hitherto used for an oval one, before the summer of ^1869 he .increased his liftinc power to l.OOOlbs. This oval handle waf subsequently laid aside for a scooped one. TiQ^^*"°.t l.lOOlbs. was reached in the fall of 1849 . then a triangular handle was sub- atituted, and this was an improvement on aii Its predecessors, and with it l,2081b8 was reached in the spring of 1860. He soon after tried a new mode of lifting. Ihia was by means of a padded rope ov^r his shoulders, his body during the process i^jl^ .''•"^« steadier and partly sup. I oorted by his hands grasping a stout frame th«T^/.'-^*°^*^""-, The weight received the addition of an eleventh disk, and then of » twelfth, this last having a circular de- pression on its upper surface near its edge, designed for the reception of the hooked ends ot iron appendages, 50 of which were oast for the purpose, weighing 25 lbs. each, and which were to be 'hung around' the du^s as his lifting power increased. i-*r!i*r^\*'"*' **■"« "»d 1861 the weight lifted had been increased to nearly 2,200 lbs • but during this interval the rope was aban' doned for a leather band, that for a padded chain, and that for a wooden yoke fitting ••teross his shoulders, and having two « of rope^ and suspended from » high platform. The only competitor, were the Doctor and Mr. Thompson of the Metropoli! tan Gymnasium. The first weight lifted by each w«|. 9 kegs, weighing, with the cverthe neck, pon a second fastened his knd it became , as he coold The harness of a different n upon the uid back, as ereby tender* "ting a muoh ot nt^nj; the f the two in empts under on proceeded OOlbs. The Sdence that, soription, he ) had found lift over kinship sub' !, 600 lbs., in or displayed knd hand by d of a ladder by his little louldered a 1 provided, lbs. heavier ) was acous- '■e lifted the : 210 lbs., astic Exhi- 1877, com. nteen years n six weeks bell, and at daily exer> le desisted , but upon eroising he HOW TO ACQUIRE HEALTH, STRENGTH, AND MUSCLE. 27 was able to put up a 200 lb. bell. His patting op a dumb-bell weighing 201^ lbs. on .Tanuary 31, 1874, ia an undisputed fact. He has held up a 180 lb. bell and walked across a large room with it, and on the ooca. sion of his 210 lb. lift, he informed us, that he held a 56 lb. weight in his left hand at the same time. The bell used was a shell capable of being loaded to 350 lbs., the pro- perty of Prof. Miller, at present Superin. tendent N. Y. Police Gymnasium. COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE CIVIL. IZED AND UNCIVILIZED. Kalmuos, Arabs and other inhabitants of deserts or open plains, can perceive very minute objects at a distance perfectly astou- ishing to a European. The same people by laying themselves on the ground and apply, iog the ear close to tha soil can distinguish the very remote trampling of horses, the noise of an enemy, of a flook of sheep, or oven of strayed cattle. The senw of smell, log is of corresponding acuteness. On their military expeditions they can detect the smell of a camp or of a fire long before any of his senses would convey such information to a European. Savages have much stroager powers of mastication than their civiliaed brothers. The experiments of M. Peron on savages of different nations, with the dynamometer, are sufficiently interesting and curious to have their results briefly stated. The dyna. mometer is an iustrument designed for the purpose of measuring the quantity of force exerted by men or animals. The instrument employe'1 consisted of an elliptical spring one foot long and rather narrow, covered with leather that it might not injure the hand that compressed it. The strength of the spring was such as to exceed that ot any animal to which it might be applied , and it contained a mechanism with an index which i»dJcat«4 the quantity of the power by which the spring was compressed. The following were ths results pf the manual power ex- pr«ised in French kilogrammes : Van Dieman's Land ui a Australia SV-S Timor ;:::;; S:? Kngiish ""..i..!'.;".;;!;;!:;:;?!;! The Btrength of the loins ogrammea : Ekeroise alone accounts for the difference m acuteness of the savage and civilized race the physical faculties of Id np a omnon 9 it waa being y used to throw I. thirty feet in the back of his twelve jtMitle- ith the appars> >tle niore than .barrel of flour hig body in the it ciun several in, cotild lift id swing •% pair * knees from a pe, one end of md the other ) waist of the e latter np in le fires ofiF two nilar fdats of performed aJl Angnst, 1877, Prance, at 4 I the I!nglish 38 abont fifty I At 3.46 a. m. m across the 'er, Eng., to 21 honrs, 45 1, 1876. lb. dnmb-bell ninutes, Deo. lis hands on a Jan. 16, 1876. ve pnt up a ) OyninMhim ) a IflUb. bell 9 1151b. bells, entletnian alio n each hand, i feats were b, San Fran- imb-bell lift- the floor, np 29 MySCLE : AND HOW TO DEVELOP IT. The mnscles are the organs of motion, con- sisting of fibres, or bundtes of fibres, inplosed m a tain cellular membrane. The mascles fre susceptible of contraction and relaxation, and in a healthy state a part of the muscles «re subject to the will and are called volun- tary muscles. But others, as the heart, the urinary bladder, and stomach, etc., which are of muscular texture, and susceptible of (^otraotion or dilatation, are not subject to the will, and are therefore called involuntary muscles. The red colour of the muscles is owing to the blood-vessels which they con- tain. The ends of the muscles are fastened to the bones which they move, and when they act in opposition to each other they are called antagonist. ON LIGHT GYMNASTICS. Could we have an unbroken succession of good news, we might all have good digestion. But in a world of vexation and dissappoint- mentwe are driven to^the necessity of studied »nd unusual muscle-culture and other hy- giiinio expedients to give the nervous system that support and vitality which our fitful surroundings deny. If we would make our muscle-training contributive in the highest >iegree to the healthful elasticity of our nerves, t}ie exercise must be such as will bring into varied combination and play all our muscles and nerves. Those exercises which require great accuracy, skill, and dash,are just those which secure this happy and complete intermarriage of nerve and muscle. A man may stand stifl aad lift kegs of nails and heavy dumb-bells till his shoulders and arms are Samsonian ; but it will contribute tar less to his health and longevity than a daily run of a mile or two. Speaking in a general way, those exercises in which the lungs and heart are made to go ^t a vigorous pace, are to be ranked among the most successful. The 'double-quick' of the soldier contributes more in five min- ntes to his digestion and endurance than the ordinary drill in two hours. An elastic tone of the nervoun system is the physiological purpose of all physical training. We exer- cise our muscles to invigorate the thoracic and abdominal viscera. These, in their torn, support and invigorate the nervous jpteni. All exercises which operate more it-icvtlT tip-jn shcsc iniornai vrgass — as, for example, laughing, deep breathing, and ninning— ooi^tributo most effectively to the ^mina of the brain and nerves. It is only the popular mania or monstrous arras and shouldtlrs that could have misled the intelli- gent gymnast on this poiat Allpersons, of both sexes, and of every age, who are possessed 'of average vitality. should, in the department of physical edu- cation, employ light apparatus, and execute a great variety of feats which require skill accuracy courage, presence of mind, quick* ness of the eye and hand— in brief, which demand a vigorous and complete exercise of all the powers and faculties with which the Creator has endowed us ; while deformed and diseased persons should be treated in consonance with the philosophy of the S wed- ish movement cure, in which the movements are slow and limit^. In dnmb-bell exercises, the pupil, assum- ing various positions, twists the arms. In each twistmg the ends of the dumb-bells should, if possible, be exactly reversed. Ureat precision will sustain the interest through a thousand repetitions of this or any other exercise. The object in these twisting exercises IS to break up all rigidity of the muscles and ligaments about the shoulder- joint. To remove this should be the primary object m gymnastic training. No one can have examined the mnscles of the upper half of the body without being struck with the fact that nearly all of them diverge from the shoulder like a fan. Exercise of the mus- clM of the upper part of the back and chest IS dependent upon the shoulder. It is the centre from which their motions are derived. As everyone not in full training has inflexi- bility of the parts about the shoulder-ioint. this should be the first object of attack. Ihese twistings are well calculated to eflfect the desired result. When practising them the position should be a good one-- head, shoulders and hips drawn far back. In our attempts to correct stooping shoulders, one good series of exercises is found in thrusting the dumb-bells directly upw:ards. While performing thii« the posi- tion should be varied. MENTAL AND PHYSICAL BENEFITS OP GYMNASTICS. Exercising tends to develop, in it* greatest extent and perfection, the powers of the human frame, confers adroitness and activity j?S P'^P"*" «"• *° encounter the greatest diffioultibs and dangers, besides imnarkisT an agr^abie air and easy manners, ^whic£ never fail to prepossess strangers in our V'l'n:**'* "y°**"°^ °^ *•»« preference which the fairer part of creation uniformly gives to a fine manly appearance, and a can- I H > it ■ ■ -V f f. ■ lip IK!; ■ -ft.* f ■ so HOW TO ACQUIRE. J^ALTH. STRENGTH A2JD MUSCLE. fiddut ami graceful address. By a, hardy and vigorous education the body becomes acouBWmed to fatigue, while the differeut Btratagems which are taught in gymnastics offer to the pupil a variety of means pf Self- preservation lu the various hazards and dangers incidental to him in after life. But these are not the only advantages derived fi om the early practice of physical exercises: they give a tone and vigour to the mind not to be obtained by any other means j they induce a purity of thought— a resoluteness vt purpose to act with promptitude and effect amid the greatest difficulties— and an elevation of soul which rises superior to the severer trials of life, aad despises its petty troubles ajd anxieties. If, as some contend, that physical development to any extraordi- nary extent ia generally made at the ex- pense of mental, it is beyond contention that among men of thought it is the brain that stunts all the other organs. The benefit of exercise to those whose occupation does not lead them to make any physical exertion cannot be too highly esti- mated. The body must undergo » c'ertain amount of fatigue to preserve its natural strength, and maintain all the muscles and organs in proper vigour. This activity equalizes the circulation and distributes the blood more effectually through every part. Cold feet, or a chill anywhere, shows that the circulation is languid there. The mus- cles, during exercise, press on the veins and help forward the currents by quickening every vessel into activity. The valves of the heart are in this way aided in the work of sending on this stream and relieved of a certain amount of labour. When exercise 18 neglected the blood gathers too much .ibout this central region, and the oppression about the heart, difficulty of breathing, low- ness of spirits, anxiety and heaviness, nu- merous aches and stitches, are evidences of this stagnation. People are afraid to take exercise, because they fancy they want breath and feel weak, but the very effort would free the heart of this burden, by urging the blood forward to the extremities j It would ease their breathing by Ijberatinjf the lungs from the same superabundance ; it would make the frame feel active and light, as the effect of equaUzed circulation and free action. proved; and that, on the contrary, by disease, they become soft, flaccid, and weak- eoed. The increase of strength, normally developed and exerted, ia the increase of health. A regular exercise of the differeut muscles of the body, then, by which they are made to perform their varioua functions with firmness and precision, must be of the greatest consequence in contributing to the healthy and harmonious state of the system. This is particularly the case with the muscles of the chest, which perform so important a part in the functions of respir- ation ; and it must bet)bvious that the more these muscles are strengthened and improv- ed by judicious training from childhood upwar.is, the more likely it is that the chest will be strong and able to perform its im- portant offices. But it is the same with almost every other part ; the muscles of the arm swell out and become vigorous by re- gular use, and so likewise do those of the lower limbs. It maybe remarked that among some classes of the peasantry, who wear heavy shoes, with 6tout and nnyield- mg soles, the back muscles of the leg, from want of use, are thin and flaccid ; whereas, those of their arms and shouldters. being constantly exercised, are broad, square ^nd ADVICE TO GYMNASTS. PRACTICAL RESULT' OF GYM- NASTICS. There is no doubt but that, by constant exercise, the several muscles of the body f the leg, frobi iccid ; whereas, loulders, heinj( •ad, square, and !JASTS. how they make les, lest by so n development, being uupldas- ly lessons the ;e, favours dis- 1 symmetry re- 1 the nearer we ''e are liable to lere are proba- who do not sp- 1 recede from count for that ad disposition ten said to ex- B, these may ays faithfully 'e using it and at all dabger- , that of tos> i-balls, or the olubs in the iging with the the ceiling, u&pB lo ui' m) on ladders at I from them lordy of life HOW TO ACQUIRE HEALTfl, STRENGTH AND MUSCLE. To beoome the strongest man that mrm ex sited would never necessitote a single dan- gerous performance. We never knew a cautious gymnast to b« severely injnrwl aad we think that in alukost any gymnasium til* most cautious gymnast would be found to be the strongest and most expert 81 ' 1 nil :i« I'est mode essential fLftK"* "P'^ion on ail the different exSsi '" "•"' "" "'" ~ *" "tl^- bodily DESCRIPTION OF THE MUSCULAR no.^n>™J"°'r,?^ *^^ ^^ *°d neck are the derT^p".,'^''**'"', ^^'"^ lieB immediately un! der the hairy scalp, extending from tha^fve. brows to the back of the head. So«^ Lr sons possess the power of moving thrsTu^te to a very considerable degree, fwo muS teLtT?""'^ »nd masaeter, arise f^om the temporal fossa on the side of the sknll. .„^ til /""^'^.^ '"«« *'*« »8cending portion of the lower jaw, they give motion to the jaw The 0^17^'°^"^ '" *^« •*'* «f masticat o^ The cheeks are formed of a muscle called the buccinator. The muscle that forms the it . T w 32 &HOW TO ACQUIRE HEALTH, STRENGTH, AND MUSCLE. lips is ihe orbionlaris oris ; it is employed in the act of kissing, and consists of a number ot circular bands that pass around the mouth. A similar oirculor musole surrounils each of the eyes ; it is called the orbicularis palpebrae rum. The sraat muaole that forms the nap- of the neok Is the trapezius ; it throws the head back ; it is opposed by the sterno- eleidomastoid musole, which bends the head forward on the cheat. When both sets of muscles act together, the head is kept tirmly fixed, as in carrying burdens. There are many other muscles in the head and neck, but these are the most prominent, and can be traced in the majority of paintings or pieces of sculpture. The muscles of the upper extremities are the deletoid, triangular shaped, and covering the shoulder ; it raises the arm from the side of the body to a horizontal position. The trapezius aids in carrying it up to the vertical line. The biceps, or large muscles on the front of the arm, dexea the fore-arm on the vni, and make* the preparation for striking • blow. The triceps extends the fore-arm on the arm ; it is on the back of the humer- us, and is used in delivering a blow. The muscles of the fore-arm are all small, and do not give any special marks or contours, ex- cept in persons in whom the muscular sys- tem is exceedingly well developed. The muscles of the trunk are the pectoralis major and minor. They form the breasts, and taking their origin from the sternum and inner edges of Jao upper ribs, are inserted into the humerus ; they are employed in fold- ing the arms across the chest. Opposed in action to the pectorals is the latissimus dorsi, which, arising from the lower two-thirds of the vertebral column, is inserted into the humerus, and -throws the arms backward ; they are greatly developed by the exercise of rowing. The muscle which extends from the lower part of the sternum to the pelvis is called the rectus abdominalis. As is the case with nearly all the muscles of which we have treated, it is one of a pair; with its fellow it forms the anterior wall of the ab- domen ; it is divided transversely into three portions, the divisions being well marked only in very muscular individuals. The muscles whioh complete the walls of the ab- dominal cavity are the obliquus axterau^ obliquus intemns, and transverwJis. The hbres of these muscles are arranged as their' names indicate, so as to cross each other and produce m their action an equable pressure on the organs conUined in the abdominal cavity; In addittou to thes«, thare are a great number of small mascles in the back and between the ribs ; the latter are called intercostals ; they aid in carrying on resuira- tion. The muscles of the lower extremities are : 1st. Those which form ths buttocks • they are called the glutei muscles. Thev are arranged in three layers, viz: externa 1 middle and internal. Though these muscles exist m the lower animals, they are develop, ed to a far greater extent in man, giving to him the power of retaining the erect position Opposed to the glutei are the iliac and psoas muscles, which arise from the abdominal sur- face of the vertebral column, and, passing over the pubio bone, are inserted into the temur. I he great muscles of the thigh are the rectus f jmons, which passes from the iliao bone iM the patella j the vastus externus ai^ vastus mternm, which take their oiisin from the outer and inner surfaces of the femur, and are inserted into the patella- they extend the leg on the thigh. The' musole which rune obUqnely across the thigh, from the iliac bone to the inner edge of the tibia, is called the sartorms or tailors' mnscl. since it IS employed in bringing the lower extremities into the position assumed bv persons of that trade while at their work. The muscles that are inserted into the patela are in reality attached to the tibia, for a strong ligament, about two inches in length passes from the lower edge of the patella' and 18 attached to a rough surface on the an- terior edge of the tibia. The largest musole on the book of the thigh ia the bioepa ; it flexes the leg on the thigh, and, since it takes Its origin in part from the ischium »Uo aids m extending the thigh on the trunk Ihe muscles of the leg are the gastrocnemius' on the back of the leg, giving it its fullness ; It extends the foot on the leg, and raises the body in walking. The tibialis anticus, and other smaller muscles on the front of the leg Hex the foot on the leg and oppose the aasl trocaemiuB. ' ' . THE END