CIHM Microfiche Series ({Monographs) iCiVIH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Instituta for Historical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian da microreproductions historiquas Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming are checked below. D Coloured covers / Couverture de couleur j I Covers damaged / Couverture endommag^e □ Covers restored and/or laminated / Couverture restaur^e et/ou pellicui^e I Cover title missing / Le titre de couverture manque I Coloured maps / Cartes g6ographiques en couleur D Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black) / Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) □ Coloured plates and/or illustrations / Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur r~T\ Bound with other material / D D Reli6 avec d'autres documents C ily edition available / Scule Edition disponible Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin / La reliure serr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge int6rieure. Blank leaves added during restorations may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming / II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es iors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6X6 fiim^es. Additional comments / Commentaires suppi6mentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6\6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- plaire qui sont peut-6tre uniques du point de vue bibli- ographique, qui peuvent modifier una image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m^tho- de normale de filmage sont indiqu^s ci-dessous. ] Coloured pages / Pages de couleur I I Pages damaged / Pages endommag6es D Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaur^es et/ou pellicul^es a Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / Pages d^olor^es, tachet^es ou piqu^es Pages detached / Pages d6tach6es L/\ Showthrough / Transparence I I Quality of print varies / D D D Qualit<^ • ■ :ale de I'impression Inciij: -iL^ olementary material / Cocnr'-nd du materiel suppl6mentaire Pages vr^olly or partially obscured by erata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image / Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont €\6 film^es d nouveau de fagon k obtenir la meilleure image possible. Opposir J pages with varying colouration or discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont film^es deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at ttie reduction ratio checiced below / Co document est IWmi au taux de reduction indiquii ci-dessout. 10x 14x 18x 22x 26x 30x 7 12x 16x 20x 24x 28x 32x The copy filmtd hare has baan raproducad thanks to tha ganarosity of: National Library of Canada L'axamplaira f'tltni fut reproduit gtice i la gAnArositA da: BibliothSque nationale du Canada Tha imagas appearing hara ara tha bast quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in itaeping with the filming contract specif icationa. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copiaa are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les imagas suivantas ont itt raproduitas avac la plus grand soin, compta tanu da la condition at da la nattatt da raxamplaire lUmi, at en conformity avac les conditions du contrat da fiimage. Les exemplairaa originaux dont la couvarture en papier est imprimis sont filmis en commanpant par la premier plat at an terminant soit par la darniire page qui comporte une emprainte d'impression ou d'illustration. soit par la second plat, salon la cas. Tous las autras axamplairas originaux sont fitmto an commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d' .' ustration at an terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on eech microfiche shall contain tha symbol — ^ (maening "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Mapa. plates, charts, etc.. mey be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure tf filmed beginning in the upper left hend corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Un dea symboles suivants apparaitra sur la darniire image de cheque microfiche, salon la cas: la symbole -^- signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartas, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent etre film^s i das taux da reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour fttre reproduit an un saul clichi. il est film^ A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche i droite, et de haut an bas. an prenant la nombre d'images n^cassaira. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 wm E LABORATORY OP TUB INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENT OTTAWA. CANADA. BULLETIN No. 349 MACE 10479—1 NOTES AND COMMENTS. Under thi. hradinK, as occasion arises, the Bulletins issued by this Depart- ment will contain, as an appendix, such commen, as may seem necessary or advisable upon matters relating to the work of the Department in connection w.th the administration of the Adulteration Act, the Fertilizers Act, the Feeding Stuffs Act or the Proprietary Medicines Act. It frequently happens that correspondents ask information regarding the above Acts, of such a nature that the matter in question possesses general mterest, and comment upon it wouhl prove acceptable and useful to others than the .mmediate questioner. In such cases the reply may find a place in these columns. For convenience of reference these notes will be numbered in scries. ■ ijij, 4 Analyst. LABORATORY or TBI INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENT OTTAWA, CANADA BULLETIN No. 349. MACE t Ottawa, October 18, 1916. J. IT. Vincent, Esq., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue, *i. i?'" ~^ ^.^ ^ ^^'^^ y"" '*"*'" » '«P°rt upon the spice known a& Mace. This is the first occasion upon which we have dealt with the article named, and owing to the facts that comparatively little investigatory work is on record regarding this spioe; that no accepted standards for it exist, and that even importers of the article are imperfectly informed as to its source and character, the report now placed in your iwict^n '^"'"***'^ "'*^*' "« " «»"*' of tlie dubject, than as a record of official The attention of the Department has been called to the matter by several interested parties, from one of whose letters I quote the following: "Has your Department ever made a collection of this spice? The reason 7^^!?Z \ «;, T^ ^•"'^^"* °' ^'''>"^' ""''^ "t ^^^ P'««««t time (April. 1914) about 61i cents per pound, while Bombay, L ch is a wild mace, can be Zfl^ A "'",*,' l,^"/*^- '" ""^^ ^ '«>"«« the cost per pound, the spice-gniiders generally blend either of the first two with the latter. WWle fittri^i^wt z^:i:^:.:TT^,r^-'^ »"' -^ ^- - ^^s;^re=t£^ SS?^^egfrr=^^ are devoid of aroma. Of species of Myri.tica other than M. fragrans onb one v7z • M. Argentea, the Papua nutmeg, yields aromatic seeds. MaceT the dr^ed arillu.: Considerable quantities of valueluess Bombay mace are import." B^ Co3^ nutmeg and mace. The Olel M^L^^flS JtirpoXrl^t^Tllli: 10479 — 1 J w h9^ n it; to be a fraction only of the natural oil. Specifications for this oil. are somewhat changed iu the 1014 edition of the B. P. 8|i«itic Kravity. Oiitit »l rotation. Kf(rai;ti\e iudnx . Solubilitj^ Kt-»i'l"«' at tfiiip. of l«>iliiig wBtor. OKTOtoO »10 Not iti*''ii In 1 %ol. iiiixiuri' wiual iwru »l»«o lute and '.»• ulnolml >*7l» Ui a2B. ) 13 til I 30 . (•,',■> Cl 1 47»t.)l -IM. In 3 voliiUK"< "f 'M% alcohol. Ni) crystiillim- i"«i uluf.".;;;;'. X..t t.) ««•«! 6" That Bombay mace must be regarded a. of no value for the purposes of a •?"«. foUo3s from the a^ve quotation from the B. P. Codex. In addition I may quote Kraemcr Tpharmacognosy. 1916. p. 256.) "Bombay ^«<>° -/«'y, ^.^ T' B^ba^ adulterate genuine mace." Also Bailey (Food Products, 19 14, p. 451.) Bombay Ice wSchTs otL used to adulterate Penang aud other true maces, has practically no fln'-.jur. and is of little more value than so much inert inaterial. Lach a-ood Inspection, etc., 1909. p. 467) says: " Bombay mace. « almost entirely devid of odour or taste, be^pg nearly as inert as so much .torch It « moat pSly regarded a. an adulterant from its lack of pungency, even though in a oenM. '' "u T'lVanr^'for Mace, are as follows: (Circular 19. Dept. of Agriculture Washington.) " Mace is the dried arillus of Myristica fragrans. and contoins not less thar20. nor more than 30 per cent, of non-volatile ether extract; not more than 3 per cent, of total ash, and not more than 0-6 per cen'.. of ash insoluble in hydro- cWoric acid ; and not more than 10 per cent, of crude fiber. ' ^ "Macassar mace. Papua mace, is the dried anllus of Myristica Argentea. " Bombay mace is the dried arillus of Myristica Malabarica." , - „ . Leach (Food Inspection and Analysis, 2nd edition, p. 466) quotes the foUowing analytical results, obtained by Winton, Ogden and Mitchell upon samples of the three kinds of mace specified in the above standards : 1. True mace (means of 4 samples.) 2. Macassar mace. 3. Bombay mace. i t — : Moisture Ash total Ether extract, volatile .. non-voiatile total Alcohol extract • Reducing matters by acid converHion, a« starch Starch, l>y diastase Crude fibre Nitrogen x t>-25 U 05 201 7 ."» 2248 300ti 23 11 81 73 27 W 3 20 6 47 4 18 2 01 63 iM 59 43 32-89 10 39 8-78 4 57 700 0-32 1 98 4 65 69-81 64 46 44 27 16-20 14 61 3-21 5-06 It n ' be noted that true mace is sharply distinguished from the other maces by its non-volatile other extractive, which is much less than that yielded either by Macassar or by Bombay mace. With regard to Macaasar mace, Leaeh (op. cit.) laya: " Macaaaar mace ia aome* times deaiguatcd a^ wild mace, but it is by no means as inert as the Bombay rarietj, and possesses a wintcrgrcen like odour. Its taste, while distinctive, is not that of true Peuang mace. It is distinctly an inferiur article." The value of the ethyl ether extractive as indicating the presence of Bombay mace is (rrcatly enhanced if the sample be extractou ' ith petrolic ether before applying the ethyl ether. (Parry, Food and Drugs, Vol. 1, p. 237.) Under these conditions, genuine mace yields only from 2 to 3<6 per cent, extractive to ethyl ether, while Bombay mace yields up to 33 per cent. Macassar mace, however, behaves like Banda mace in this reeieot. Qualitative tests for Boubat mace. The microscopical characters of these various maces are not such as to satisfac- torily distinguish them. Nevertheless, the oil glands in Bombay mace are so much redder than those of true mace, as to afford fairly good evidence of its presence. Mr. Dawson Bugjfi'sls the possibility of utilizing the brilliant red produced in Bombay mnce by tri'atment with dilute potnbsium hydroxide, as a means of quantitative determination in ndmixturo. Afr. A. T. Collins, Chemist to tlio Colburn Company, Philadelphia, has shown that, when mace is mounted in Canada Balsam, reduced by benzol, the cellular struc- tures come out clearly under the microscope; and ho claims that very small percent- ages of Bombay mace, in admixture with true mace, can easily be detected. • The Hefelmann and Schindler tests depend upon the fact that alcoiiolic extracts from Bombay mace differ from similar extracts of true mace, in yielding a decided red colour to paper through which they are filtered ; and in giviti!? a precipitate of reddish tint with acetate of lead. (Parry, op. cit., p. 237.) Waage's test consists in adding potassium chromate to the alcoholic solution, when the solution becomes red, and the precipitate at first yellow, becomes red on standing, if Bombay mace is present. True mace gives a yellow solution and the precipitate does not turn rod. (I^ach, op. cit. p. 460.) The refroctive index of the fixed oil of Bombay mace (at 35° c.) is somewhat lower than that of the fixed oil from other maces. Lythgae finds as follows: For Banda mnce oil 1-4747 to 4848 " Batavia mace oil 14893 to . 4975 " Papua mace oil '4795 14816 " West Indian mace oil 1-4766 " Bombay mace oil 1-4615 to 1-4633 E. Spaeth (Leffmann and Tioan), Food -analysis, 2nd od.. p. 3f>9-10) oxtraeted a number of samples of mace with petroleum spirit and determined the ennstiuits of tlip material obtflined. The fijniros obtained from maee from Banda, Mcnado. Penatig, Macassar, and Zanzibar closely agreed with each other : — Melting Point in open tulie . . Safionification Numlwr In-line Number Z<'i8s Refractometor at 40° Intifx of Rnfractiiin . . Meis«l NumlxT (Uaiida Mace), Tnie Maoe 26 -21! 169 9 173 7r.H- -80-8 71-.- -8.5 1 480- 1 487 4 1- -4 2 Bombay Mace. 31 -.SI 5 18!! 4-191-4 .■|0 4-M 8 4X-49 1 10,1-1 464 10-11 In .liiiu> "f hot v.ar I wa* (ortimute em.ujjh t.. .o.-ur.-. thr..u«h the kiudiiM. of the Uto Mr. (iri«K. < amuliuu C..ii.mi..i..n.T ..t (■...imur. .-. ihr.v -uu.i.l-. -t mu.'i' from Mr v.. II. S. H,»»l. Ciiiuulia.. Tri.-I.- f..mmi.M..i„r ..f ISiirbu.l.,. I Ik-m* roprr-ut the •iuuliti..s..f iiiK .v|N,rua fnmi (ir.na.lu, U.W.i.. uiul un- dewribt-d a{ up th.' fraifineiit. fr-m. th.' .•uriiiK tl.M.rs ..r boxes. Uie ditfereiuT^ i» M»>'lity are luuii.ly "I .-I'-'T. aii.l -tr.i.Btli ..f tlu- aroniiitir oil as afft'^'ed l.y tlu- a.-tiim ..f mildews duriuK dryiuif. aud the luiiBlh of tun.', nn.l m.-th.-I. u»e.l m the .•iiriut.' pr.x'ess." , ■ , ., r \ t» The three saiiiph'^ rt-ferred to were submitted to nimlysis by .Mr. .1. A. l»a«soii o this statT. wlio nMi-irt.-* ns follows; . , , , , -n Sample No. 1. Marked " ll.-st Kstates and Hiiy.'rs •' consisted of the clean oriUus in whol.- n-iulif ion. ,>f a dull y.'ll.-w colour, with red.iish brown t.. pink along the edires. Weijfhid 4<1.'> ({rnnis. Saniph' No. 2. Marke.l " Jn.! B.st Kstates an.l Buyers " was mad.' up of mostly broken nrillu^ of .lull r.-.l.lish to bhi.-kish bf-wii .•ol.-ur, with few yellow piecw. One or two franmeiits of irrass or bark. Weighed 4't:i Rrams. Sample Ni). :!. .Marked 'Mac.' Siftinns, E.-tate^ un.l Hu>.rs" inelu.led «maU broken frairm.'nt- of arillus of y.-llow. red and black or brown colours. Pieces of Kras*. bark, leaves and chi|» .>f woixl. with a few whole se.-d-i like peas or <-ofTec beans. Several short pieces of thread. p..»sibly from jute batrs, and two dead insects. Weight, 4.H7 grams. In spTipling. the whole contents of eai'li package were sprond out on a sheet of paper and thoroughly mixiil. About IdO grams were weighed out an.l >.'roiind to pass a sieve of 1 s.i. mm. F'igures given are in all cases the mean of two determinations. Tot»l anh A»hiii»M|. inlO", HCl Non-voUtile petn>lic rtlier extractive Non-vol. ether extractive after i>etr<)lic Total ellier .•xtrauts Crude fibre Refractive inHex tif n.in-vol. i>etn)lic ether extract. Micnwcopio examination for Bomt>av ".are Starch (ile at^h CniHe fibre IVtrolic ether extract aulph. , Total extractive 21 82 1 94 1 96 0044 0012 3 80 3 fiO 20 95 20 94 087 54 21-48 It it quite apparent that thpsn Mtiijiloi are true mace, and n<>t the Bombay cr wild niaro. Two »anii .en of Bombny maw supplied L.. a friend in Toront.», gave the following ri^ult*: Petrolic rthrt vxtritctivs. . . . 8ul|>h. ether .. Tofiil "xtrutive. Thooe »iwTipU>« gave positive reactions with the In n !•. Bombay niaoe. Thi> followinK work wn* dono by Mr. Dawson u;.v. a sample of commercial mace oontniniMfr Oombny nincp; and upor. the components of thin sample, separated as com- pletely as possible, under the microscope. and Schindler tests for Non-voUtUe |ietri>lic other extraot I. ethyl „ kfter |>etrolic Totkl nun-ioUtile ether extract! Ash A«h iniH>lul>le in HCI Cruda abra [ The ^ii)|>le. 20 06 7 24 2820 1 75 10 2 91 True mace. % 34 or 1 MR 2s no 1 70 07 3 00 B. inula, — X e(]ual8 E— 0(100— X) 100 (1) 100 J B X is the desired percentage of Bondmy mace. E is the per cent of non-volatile ethyl ether extract after petrolic in mixture. O " " " or. " jj ^^ lor genuine macS. ^ . " " for Bombay mace. If the maximum values of 5% for O and S5% tor B. assumed as constants, then the formula becomes, — X equals —T- m In the majority of cases this formula will give results considerably too low. Applied to the above mentioned mixture, 75 per cent is indicated by formula (2), whereas 10 to 15 per cent wti found by actual separation. However, if as found the value of 1-83 be given to O, and 42 -30 to B, and E for the mixture is 7-24 using formula (1), then 13. 3 per cent is indicated which is in good agreement with the result* obtained by separation. 8 It is of course, necessary that the solvents employed should he entirely volatile at the temperature of the water bath. In a comparison of results obtained on the same sample with. a = ether, redistilled below 40° C. b= " containing 4 per cent, alcohol. c = petrolic ether, redistilled below 40° C. d= " " distilled between 40° C. and 75° C. Mr. Dawson obtained the following results: Non-volatile extractive. A B C U 2H 2S 2Kr)0 28 .54 28-48 28-11 20 51 21 03 20 ill 21 01 Mean . . 28 3'J 20 T7 20 96 The results prove that slight differences in the quality of the solvent do not greatly affect the extractive. Table 1. It is of interest to place on record the following analytical results obtained in these laboratories upon 30 commercial samples of ace which appear to be genuine or to contain traces only of foreign material. Ash. Xon volatile extraction. Number. Total. Insoluble. Petnil ether. Ktliyl ether. Total. Crude Fib. 2 40 0-20 26i;7 1-82 28 49 4 45 41871 a*) 1 11.5 24 00 3 91 27 91 4 90 41S72 r«t(i 015 21 50 4 04 25 54 3 95 41873 3 ti5 35 28 66 4 92 33 .58 6 75 5:«>h;< 2 40 35 2;V08 2 32 25-40 4 00 65022 2 25 3 80 20 1()0 2ti 82 30 10 2 34 188 29 16 31 98 3 95 5(i'>77 4-75 5838s 1 75 lu 28-74 1-76 30 50 3 60 51)532 2 65 15 2(! il6 4 26 31-22 5 20 mJiV> 3 55 35 20 22 4 66 33 88 600 61ti36 2 !H) 0-25 26 112 3 06 29-08 4 50 623t)l 2IW o 05 26 W! 2 18 28 24 410 63426 1 05 15 25 86 260 28 36 300 ia42'.l 1 85 0-02 25-86 2 24 28 10 3-80 66162 . . . 1 tUi 12 27 110 8 32 30 92 60373 2 33 .37 25 t "J 3 68 28 74 64218 2-32 20 26 (K) 4 72 30 72 64220 58401 2 32 0-22 3 82 32 .56 23(10 ;iO-(4 31-30 26 56 31-Otl 26 t!4 •Mt 62 31 80 28-08 28 iW 2 110 1-84 1-60 0-72 80 1-92 80 1 20 6 62 3 68 26 20 31 88 .'(2 SHI 27-28 81 80 28 56 31 42 33 00 34 70 32 64 684M ... • 7il.V'l 70523 70522 64692 58470 22 72 1 08 23 80 01415 1 84 10 27 20 2 90 30 10 2-85 meaa'5 2 46 28 27 -18 2 77 29 9G 4 39 Tabus. In the following table I have brought together data obtained upon 98 samples of commercial ground mace which were found practically free from added starchy material, and whose principal foreign content is presumably Bombay mace. Number. r)22fifi 522fi7. 522tW. 522ti!t 62270. 55."J72 ei.S88. 6ti(i»0. 6»>36. mar 21:1-) 2i:«>., 21.S7 2607. 2844. 41874.. 41875 , 51991 . 51992. 51i»9;{. . 51994.. 51M5.. 5:W85. . .ViOlS.. 55020.. 56276 52. . 6;i2.">4.. 632.W.. 6:t256.. (a294. 63295.. 63297. 632!»8 . 63427.. 63428.. 6.S4.%.. 6.1751 . . 63757.. 63760... Nun-volatile Extrattive. Total. Inml. IVtrol. ether . Kthyl ether XI m ToUl. 59 40 Cr. Fib, X. 200 0-25 26 04 3-85 3 !K) (iO 17 62 20 56 38 18 7 5 30 26 02 23 36 49 98 6-60 76 1(< 015 24 84 84 42 59-26 4 05 2 10 25 23 72 32 32 56 04 4 05 2 5.". 0-30 22 02 29 (W 51 10 5-20 96 2 50 0-75 23 44 29 70 53 14 4-40 99 2-45 20 26 06 2'i-82 ,52-88 5 20 88 2a5 30 23-68 26 26 49 ',14 5-90 85 2 5.-> :« 24 04 28 02 52 Wi 6 ,55 93 2-05 25 22-44 26 08 48 ,52 3 80 84> 2 10 30 2(>-58 17-76 44 34 3-80 ,56 1 SO 0-411 27-78 28 44 5 iW 9 14 46- 10 3-90 25 ;i'<.KI 0-76 22 30 23 06 45 .36 6-75 2-40 2." 24 54 20-88 45 42 4-58 67 2 10 15 211 84 9 !I2 36 76 3 80 28 :v(K) 45 24 90 27 -Wi 52 76 3 85 92 3 15 0-45 24 18 25 92 50-10 6 85 85 1 80 15 22-5IJ 32 18 .54 68 4 .50 1-90 »( 27 54 34 46 62 (« •i 10 1-70 25 29 04 ;!4 06 Ki 10 4 25 1 !» 0-M 2i-54 26 36 «7 00 5-45 87 2 liO 85 21 28 23 89 45 17 3-90 78 2 !I0 45 25 78 2710 52-88 6-90 89 1 75 10 25 88 17 64 43 .52 3 80 55 1-85 40 26 50 32-78 ,")9 28 5 00 2 30 0-.15 28-86 19 ,56 48-42 5 36 62 200 15 23 82 15-78 39 60 5 80 49 2 10 015 27-54 6-42 33-96 3-35 15 2 00 20 2:V72 24 98 ■«o-70 4 .35 77 2 35 035 23 64 14-98 38 62 5-40 46 2 45 0-25 27 44 27 26 54-70 5-60 90 2 70 30 24 20 30 M 64 74 5-35 2 20 20 22 50 15 16 37 66 4-50 47 2 30 40 22 70 22 72 45-42 4-50 74 2 20 025 20 20 27 42 47-62 4-20 90 2 itO 65 27-86 11 70 .39 56 4 40 .34 2 ,50 25 26-:i8 24 24 60-62 4 45 79 1 85 15 28-06 ?3 80 51 86 4 20 77 1-95 15 26 .34 18-44 41 78 4 20 68 2 85 3;") 24 96 27 -.SO 52-32 5-60 90 3 05 0-50 20-38 34 46 54 84 6 30 2 60 45 23 68 16- 18 39-86 4 40 ,50 2-75 45 29 36 10 53 :«• 94 4 !H) 30 2 25 20 28-88 10-08 .38 96 4 85 m 2 .'>5 0-40 21 96 18 44 40 40 5 15 .58 2 46 20 24-62 21-28 45 !IU 4-86 68 2-35 45 24 60 32 02 ,56-62 4-95 1-95 20 20 02 29-32 65 34 4 70 97 2 05 15 24 ,54 20 (iO 45 20 4 05 66 1-90 0-20 25-,T6 29 88 56 24 4 00 99 1 i» 15 26 82 19 fiO 46-48 4 95 68 2 .50 20 21 42 20 (M! 41 48 5 15 64 2 60 2i) 24-28 26 08 49 36 4 90 82 2 (W 015 28 40 22 12 60 ,52 3 iK) 71 2 20 15 2614 718 33 32 4 45 18 1 e5 25 33 26 23 44 66 70 4 20 76 3 00 15 26 84 17 96 44-80 8 05 67 2 3i5 0-40 21 32 28 02 49 .34 6-l« 9? 1 90 15 27 16 23-66 60 82 4-60 1 77 10 Table 2— Concluded. i ■:> I-! V' Number. 6:i7(i4 6;)!K)1 . . . 6390H ... 6:{906 64006 6435 64,'HM 54f)05 54IW8 A»h. Total. 10 15 76 *) 7."> 05 90 97 62 HI 80 78 Oti (U m 90 xt 115 ■li 90 40 36 Insol. 70262. B8469 58471 15 15 20 o t« 15 0-20 O 25 0-28 15 17 10 15 2li 19 15 22 18 14 39 20 22 ail Nun-voUtile Kxtmctive. IVtrnLtthtr. Kthyl ethi-.. 20 78 Total. Cr. Fib. X. 27 70 48-48 8 25 67 20(i8 19 78 40-46 5-30 63 24 00 32 6<> r<> 66 4 II& 2156 22 28 43 84 4 5.5 72 28-80 19 (iO 48 40 3-80 6a 21 72 28 !W 50 70 4 65 96 22 06 37-90 69 96 4 60 27 -86 27 88 25 (M 41 07 24 26 :<3 88 21-89 17-79 52 12 61 76 46 93 58-86 79 71 56 28 ;V) 28-80 57 41 95 27 12 28 40 28 56 8 !t9 55 (W .37-39 ■M H4 28 92 23 17 .52 69 75 25 86 2) 42 5128 80 2!»!M '.on 28 59 40 (15 .55 19 ?8 2lilJ0 !H 31 n 8 75 39 86 24 21 34 19 90 41 24 3 65 63 18 28 31 98 5(. 26 4 95 24 2S 9 96 34 24 4 10 W 24 32 24 110 48 32 78 29 44 22 18 41 62 7'> 27 44 11 24 38 .'^J^ 33 26 10 16 00 42 "1 fiO 25-70 10 76 10 54 3i; 1 35 22 31 24-68 30 20-58 20 36 40 94 65 25 70 23 40 9 (W 24 06 8 66 49 10 31 68 50 m; 32 66 76 22 00 26 60 ''7 78 24 00 23 The trustworthincs.s of any formula employed to calculate the percentage of Bom- bay mace present in a mixture of this mace with the Kenuine, is dependent upon the accuracy of the conrtants involved. If we u.-^> as a ba.-^is of judgment the amount of e.xtnM'tive to etliyl-ether aftt-r petrolic, it is n.-ccssary to define the .-^Ivents. as well as the manner in which tlicy are u.-M'd; and also to determine the normal extractive by this method, for true mace and for liombay mace respectively. The samples enumerated in Table ■> were extracted in a Knorr apiiaratus, for 10 hours with petrolic ether (redistilled between 25° and 70° C.) ; then for a similar length of time with ethyl-ether (redistilled Ho" to 37" C.) The extractive was dried to constant weight, at 110° C. The quantity operated on was .5 grams. We have the following data for the extractive yielded by true mace : 1 43 1 55 1 82 87 54 Sam|il» No. 1 M 2 .".■ ., 3 . .. .. 2606 '.; ; A B .'.....''.'.'.'.■. !..^.'';..'.. •Sample neinrated from a mixture ", i gg Mean of 30 »am|>li'» (nee Table 1) 2 77 Penansf mace 268 Pale West Indian mace .... 2 04 Ke 27'68 Parry, F(x)d & Drugs, iKige 237 29 11 Sample No. fl '.'.'...'.'.".' 32-69 Mean value 28 60 It will bo noted that U snmplos of Table 2, yielded more than 30 per cent, extrac- tive to ethyl-ether after ixtrolic. The mean extractive for these 14 samples is 33-35 per c nt Since these samples were found on careful qualitative examination to con- sist essentially of niaoe, it follows that some samples of Bombay, or other wild mace, must yield mm-h more than tlic above averajie of 2.S.t}0 per cent, extractive. It is to be repretted tliat. at the time of writiiifr tlii.s, I am unable to avail myself of fuller data for Bombay mace. If we accept -'JO per cent, as an approximate value for this mace, and take 2 as the corresponding number for jienuine mace, the percentaire of Bombay mace (x) in" a mixture of the two maces, may be calculated from the formula, _ 100(6 = 2) * 28 where (e) is the extractive found for the sample. The resultant values afe given in the last column of Table 2. It must be under- stood that they are merely approximations to the actual percentage amounts of Bombay mace in these samples. 12 Table 3. In this table I hav# arrangred the results of analysis for 43 samples of commercial ground mace, found to contain other material than Bombay mace. In most cases this foreijni matter is cereal or nutmeg starch, with turmeric. r>5374. .5^a75. (ilW). t)8IU3. (WKXi 6«l>l'.l. fi(i(;27 26" rt 5.501!t 5o(l21 5«3>«). 58;W7. HKil'O (iimi. f)l!l.'V)^ rii'.irw (),'i-.>")3 (i32".«). 6,3 eniiii. 01414. 5H41IL'. .")H4i>5. 70--1il . 702th}. 702H4 702lir.. .'>84«7. r)84(i.'*. . Ash. Totjil. 'Intidl, 1 l.-> 2 1.-. 1 «-> 2 4."i 1 N."> 2ii.'> 2 S3 2 40 1 lb 1 «5 •.'■IPO 2 :«( 3 2.") 1 ,-M :i 211 1 .w 3 »l 2 a I 1 !H) 14.-. 2 U5 2 311 2 05 2-4.'> 2 70 1 !i:> 2 4:, 2 40 IM 2 12 1.1 .•!,■) 015 25 15 (I 23 2ii 20 I) 13 15 25 ;i5 I) 25 010 (I ;*) 10 11.70 II 45 II 25 I) 15 in 45 010 (I 15 35 2i> 311 II 43 II 17 20 Kxtractivc. IVtrol. Kthyl. Total 18 65 24-88 43 53 21 72 26-56 48-28 20 (Mi 25 10 45-16 2ii-70 a ;m 28 III -.52 3(1 110 23 08 21 (HP 44 (W 10 11(1 28 76 47 82 20 88 1 02 22 -.XO lOtlO 10 48 36 (18 20 78 17 .50 44 2s 2:1 70 32 ?3 02 24 48 1 16 25 (14 23 SO 1-68 25-48 20: 12 12 "K) 32 52 2.! Ot 2(1 (18 40 72 18 ltd 23 (12 44 64 2".t 34 2 84 .s2-;i8 27-50 24 IXI 31 50 27-60 1-02 2!l .58 25 42 (16 26 (tS 2o.f)8 2 20 27-78 211-18 .'16 20 .54 26 66 0-64 27 30 40(14 65 41 20 Cnii iMuetl on microiico|iic examination. Boiiiliav miK« pml niaixf^ Ntarcli in Urge amount. .\I\kIi Itiiiiibay inacx and Hrnall amount of titarch. Much ISonibay mace and Mtarch. Siiiiill amount liombay mace with nmch starch, .-.luc'h I)oiu!iay mace. Considerable starch. .1 II II lV>inbiiy mace Kiiiall, much i^tarch. Bdinbay mace larife amountand considerable starch. liomlMiy mace mucli; alw) Htairch. .Miich starch with turmeric. .Small amount ntarch nmch Bombay mace. ilnmbay mace little, much rttarch. Large amount starch, with turmeric. r.ittle ISomlay m;«;e and starch. Much stai-cli and turmeric. Considerable Bombay mace traces of starch. Much Bombay mace II I' little stanch. II ,1 w>me starch. Conside?-able Bombay mare and starch. Mufli Bombay mace, little starch. Mucli starch and turmeric. Considerable Itombay iiiace and starch, .Miieli Itfiniliay mace, little starch. Much Bombay mace and starch. No liombay mace nmch starch. Much Bomlmy mace and starch. H M and some starch. Some Htmibay mace anii starcli. 15 to 2(1', c wheat starch. 20 to .SO^e Bombay mace .and starch. 60 to :<5< o No Bomtiay mace. 25 to 30% starch. 30 to 60<,c liombay mace and starcli. No Boinlwy mace, 23 to 30',X „ 10 to 15':; I, 20'Jc Is gniund r.utmeg. A study of the numerical results in Table III, taken in connection with the results noted from microscopic observation, leads to the conclusion that very definite inference as to the composition of these mi.xtures may be drawn from the extractive. The presence of starch decidedly lowers the total extractive; while the ethyl-ether extractive plainly indic^ateg the presence of Bomli;iy mace. Where this is less than about 2 per cent, the absence of any considerable amount of Bombay mace is evident; and when in excess of 2 per cent, a close approximation to the actual amount preunt may be derived from a comparison of the ethyl-ether extractive with the total extrac- tive. The refractive indt^x of the fixed oil from Bombay mace is given by Lythgae as vnryinp from 1-4615 to l-46,'?3 at 35° C, while that from other maces varies from 1-474: to 1-4975. The refractive indices for the fixed oils obtained from the samples included in Table 1, were read by Mr. Dawson at 35° C. and are found to be unform!y higher than the maximum limit quo ^ for Bombay mace oil. Unfortunately this is also true for most of the samples recordt^ in Table 2, many of these, even when containing very 13 high percentages of Bombay mace, (as judged from the ethyl-ether extractive) giving refractive indices of 1.4800 or higher. It would hence appear that, while the existent of a refractive index be.ow 1.4700. pointe to the presence of Bombay mace, the finding of a higher reading than this cannot be regarded as evidence of the absence of Bombay mace. ^' .itnrl^nl ™r\"'i? *'''*'"'"'' ^V^^""^ °^ *^'' adulteration of mace appears to be \l7^A^f T ''y:^''' '^''^'''- , ^ ^0 «"•« of Bombay mace, the resins^m to be less readi y dissolved by petrolic ether than the fats. When these last are removed S petrolic ether, the subsequent xtractior by ethyl-ether gives a nnmber which is highly characteristic It may be that alcohol, on account of it^ great solvent power for rising iWiS^d later ' '''''"'^"' """^ ^^"'* " ""''"* °' '^^'- 'f^^ P»-t ""y ^ Investigatory work done by Mr. Valin. since *^e above was written, has demons- trated certain points oimp<,rta.ice in regard to d, uls of operating. These are brTe^^ ♦V, /; ! inadvisabihty of drying the sample at 100°— 110° C. before extracting the fat and resins. Such treatment tends to make the extraction difficult ^'^""'^''^ ( OA .^''ll^'"^ '"^"*'' " *^'®<'"'* ^ ^""^ t° 'OMtant weight, and an exposure of ,rom 24 to 4« hours at 110° C. i.- required exposure 3. Extraction with netrolic eiher is not usually complete in less than 16 hours. 4 The use of alcohol instead of ethyl other, gives a. somewhat higher extr -tive- but shows less Characteristic difference between genuine and Bombay mace than does ether. For this reason it i9 not recommended classSSo^ "''"'^ " "°" '"""^ ''"'' "•*'' "^ ^«»P'«^ '' '--' -''-'' «« Samples of known origin » " essentially true mace *.'.'.'.'*'" 30 mixed with true and wild mace . , . . 95 " variously adulterated ......... 43 Tot'l — Their study would appear to justify the following standard, for ma^ 1. Irue mace is the dried arillus of Myristiot. fragrans (Houttyn.) It contains not mo,^ than three (a p^ .ent. of total ash. and not more than halTof one ^ S itll ?5. ±""^l""' •'' hydrochloric acid. Its crude fiber content does noVexS Doven \t } per cent, (H) ^^IT^-^'^'I rV^ P^*"*^" ^^^l- tho ethyl-ether extractive does not exceed fiye S ^nt extractive by both solvents, does not exccxi tWrty three (33) 2. Macassar mace is the dried ariJus of myristica argentea (Warb.) 3. Bombay Mace, ,s the dried ariUus of myristica malabarica (Lamarck.) This dtrivXl" ^*'""^* •" '"^•^" ^*^ *^« """^ «- t"^* '«^. or otacr m^ clearly declares its presence, and approximate percentage ant ^* It IS recognized that the limited number of samples 0. .-tified origin indnded in this report, leaves much to be desired in the way of assured knowledge ff thTlimS of variation which may obtain in different samples of the maces stud^, where tEaw the production of different soils and localities. At the eame time, I am conTinSTth^ no injustice will be done to importers by official adoption cf the very libVr^rstTdards I would respectfully recommend publication of this report as Bulletin No. 849. I have the honour to be, Sir, Tour obedient servant, A. MoGILL, Chief Analytt. /