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Dfetorical Souvenir
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HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES, K.G.
Representing His Majesty the King at the
Tercentenary Celebration
Historical Introduction
Ateendito ad petram unda exeui estij.
PtE^^rSjkrfSi.li."' JS^""*' "^""^ ">™ toward.
arel».Il^' '^^"■f'ring the virtu« and the vakSr Xh
I.
At the moment when Columbus returned from his mnr
SUDW* If Spain enjoyed an advantageTtKirt '^"l«f
OUU
0060 •-£
* HUtorical Introduction
Whether fact or fable, these legends prove the activity
of French seamen in an age when Columbus and Cabot were
pomtiM Europe the way to a new hemisphere. Sprung from
the Vikings, each Norman of Dieppe and Honfleur sailed out
on the swan s path with a sest and confidence Thich he owed
to his ancestry. Farther south the Bretons had for centuries
been dnven to the sea by the very law of their existence. Even
below the mouth of the Loire there were great harbours: La
KocheUe, the stronghold of the Huguenots; Brouagc, the home
of Champlain, and Bayonne, the chief depot of the Basque
fur traders. ^
ri .Under orders from Francis I, Veraazano entered the
Ciulf of St. Lawrence in 1524. But it is with Jacques Cartier,
ten years later, that the French began their serious and per-
sistent exploration of Canada. Thus St. Malo becomes linlred
inseparably with the annals of that great stream which
Cartier followed from the Gulf to the Lachine rapids. Of his
three voyages the second is by far the most important.
Leaving St. Malo on May 19th, 1535, Cartier, after a stormy
voyage, made the Gulf of St. Lawrence, which he had already
traversed in the previous season. Entering the river when
mnamer was almost over, he did not reach Cape Diamond
until the middle of September. Here, at the confluence of
the bt. Lawrence and the St. Charles, stood the Indian village
of Stadacon6. It was the residence of Donnacona. whom
Cartier styles "the lord of Canada."
Sixty leagues above Stadacon^ was Hochelaga, occupy-
mg some part of the sloping land that lies between Mount
Koyal and the St. Lawrence. Having arrived at Hochelaga
more than a thousand natives presented themselves before
Cartier— men, women and chilcfren who gave him a hearty
reception; "showing marvellous joy ; for the men in one
band danced, the women on their side and the children
on the other, the which brought us store of fish and of their
bread nmde of coarse millet, which they cast into our boats in
a way that it seemed as if it tumbled from the air."
Conducted by these hospitable natives to the summit of
Mount Royal, Cartier "had sight and observance of the
country or more than thirty leagues round about it." Re-
turn! ^ ) Stadacon6 on the 11th of October, he passed there
a miserable winter, during which a large part of his band per-
ishwl from scurvy. In July, 1536, he was welcomed back
to St. Malo as one who had risen from the dead.
■
Historical Introduction
II.
The difficulties which then attended the creation of «
colony add h:,tre to the name of Samuel de Champion The
Canadian chxn..te was not baimy, and in the abScHf IlH
Srite^eSof^r^ ^°y^^ ^ '?ff«'^ '' ?he rmjgmnt'
of trSe riven to ni ' "'''""17 ""^ ^*« f""' b"t the monopoly
ol^JthteXTpToT'^^^^^^^^ tjrcter^l
was a Stern task to clear the Laui^ntian M^ldemess *
. 'ightmg against continued, incessant obstacles rhnm
tl^ZZd'^r^''^^^'"'^^-''^''' BeforeTtSkTj
navigators had already seS^hldn^r tW^questS
• Historical Introduction
When Alexander built Alexandria he could draw with
the might of a master upon the resources of three continents.
When Constantme built Constantinople he brought to it the
treasures of the ancient worid— the marbles of Corinth, the
serpent of Delphi, and the horses of Lysippus. But from no
such origin does the lif > of Canada proceed. Champlain in
rearing his simple Abitation at Quebec had no other financial
support than could be drawn from the fur trade. His hungry
handful of followers subsisted largely upon salt pork and
smoiced eels. Everything that was won from the wilderness
cost heroism, self-sacrifice and faith.
As a warrior Champlain entered the Indian world to aid
the Algonquins and the Hurons against the Iroquois. As an
explorer he pierced the forests of the Ottawa, passed through
Lake Nipissing and threaded the islands of Georgian Bay As
a colonizer he made indefatigable efforts to prevent lus out-
post at Quebec from sharing the fate of Roberval's earlier
settlement at Cap Rouge. For his recruits he did not look
to the gaols of France, but to those honest and courageous
spirits who would willingly win their new homes by toil and
thrift Only less important than Champlain himself is Louis
tlebert, the colonist after his own heart, who from a Parisian
apothecary liecame the first farmer of Canada.
The do^ed perseverance of Champlain can be measured
by the fact that twenty years after the founding of the colony
Uie total population of New France was seventy-six souls.
This was m 1628. That year, England and France being at
war, David Kirke cut off the ships bound for Quebec and
brought Its inhabitants to the verge of starvation Next
summer, when the English appeared before Cape Diamond
the famished French had no resource but to surrender. At
one blow the work of a lifetime seemed to go down in ruin
But It w^ not so. Three years later, when Canada was given*
back to France by the Treaty of St. Germain, Champlain re-
turned in triumph. And at Quebec he died on Christinas Day,
iMo, having created the colony and carried it through its
time of greatest doubt.
III.
Besides the desire of the French crown to hold the
Laurentian valley, three motives entered into the upbuilding
of Queljec. For Champlain this little settlement was a ha^
o
3
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1 1
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Th« Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Uuirier. P.C. C.C.M.G.
Prime Minincr of Cuwd*.
Col. H»nbury.Willi»mi. C.V.O., C.M.C.
Milii»ry SKrciary lo Hi» Eiiccll«ncv.
JoMph Pop«, Eiq.. C.M.C, I.S.O.
Undtr-SacrMiry of Sim*.
Historical IntrodueHon 7
from which could be prosecuted the great work of westward
exploration. The fur traders found it a convenienrS
quarters for traffic with the Indians. It was X a home of
nupsionanes and nuns.
«• iS^^^^i^I"^ P^«*y led him to wish that the savages
might be UDhfted through Christian teaching and eSmpTe
Nor did he fook m vain for aid. The spread of the Faitffd
ong been among the chief impulses wfcch led catholS nS
to promote discovenr and colonization. As missionary^d
had moved Queen fsabella in the days of ColumS so7or
generations the New World meant to mny a^S^ve Lk
L^l^^early Ufe of Canada there is no lar^retemenuKhe
The task of converting the Indians feU mainly to the
rehgioi^ order^ Of these, the R^collets were broWht by
Champlain to (^ebec in 1615. For the next thirty yeirs the
country of the Hurons, lying between Georgian Bay and Lake
Simcoe, furnished the chief mission field. Ignorant at &^?
of Indian speech and customs, the R^coUetsT^k up tSSJ
la})our8 with the courage of enthusiasm. In 1625 they were
Kin?' '?K J««"t'''\ho8e larger resources enable/thoS
La^ wShou'f 7hJn«"^ the mksion on a more comprehensiv^
scale, w ithout the names of the missionary martjTs Canadian
history would lose a superb record of heroism. Without he
Jesuit house of Notre-bame des Anges the early annals of
Quebec would wear a far different as^t. ^
The R^oUets and Jesuits lef* Canada when Kirke
captured Quebec. In 1632 the Jesuits reUirned, but
T>lnI?^PPT*"'® u°^*^* -"^^^W^t^ ^^ delayed till 1670
coSS th""f '^"i^* years of Champlain's life the jSs
conducted the Canadian mission without assistance Re-
suming their efforts among the Hurons, they Zn afterward
entered upon the still more formidable task ofTnveSX
Iroquois. Altogether, three hundred and twenlv Jesuits
Jogues was one in whom a certain natural timidity had
iThisTe S^Ji^ ^T ""^ '^" ''''^ '^"^^"^ fervour giving
up his life to mimstrations among thelroquois he first nuf
fered torture at the hands of the MohawE.^ ?S' the oJ?arion
of his second residence in the Iroquois countrThe waTpTtS
8
Historical Introduction
death by this race, whose savagery no example of goodnea
seemed able to assuage. Br6beuf differs from Jogues ii
having possessed much greater physical endowments. H<
was for many years the central figure of the Huron mission
and perished among his converts at the time when they wen
overconie by the Iroquois. A Norman by birth and stature
he had in their fullest measure the Norman qualities of firm
ness and determination. The dreadful story of his tortun
and death is a tale of almost incredible anguish endurec
without flinching by one whose tenderness of heart coexistec
with a soul of iron.
No less heroic than the missionaries were the nuns
Fired by the same longing to redeem the savages, they gave
themselves up to teaching Indian girls and women, nursing
the sick in the hospitals, and educating the daughters of the
French colonists. The first endowment given to build a
hospital in Canada was offered by Richelieu's niece, the
Duchesse d'Aiguillon. Almost at the same moment Mme
de la Peltrie, a rich and pious lady of Norman birth, resolved
to build at Quebec a convent for the Ursulines. Crossing
to Canada in 1639 she brought with her M6re Marie de
1 Incarnation.
The personality of this famous woman breathes through
her letters, and is preserved by the tradition of her abundant
good works. Undismayed by the fire of 16J0 which drove
the Ursulines from their home, she resisted all counsel to give
up the work of her order in Canada and return to France.
Combining great practical abiUty with the spirit of the
mystic, she plunged without thought of retreat into the toils
and privations of the wilderness. When she came to Canada
there were less than two hundred people in the whole colony.
But she could not have striven harder had a million depended
on her care, or had the Indians been grateful instead of per-
verse. Seated beneath the ash tree at Quebec where she
taught the young savages and lavished on them her affection,
Marie de I'lncarnation remains to this day one of the most
typical figures from out the old regime.
IV,
into
The scourge of the colonv was the Iroquois. Driven
hostibty by Champlain's league with his enemies, they
The National Batdeiields Commissi
iion
I
Byron E. Walker,
D.C.L. LL.D., F.C.S.
Pmidmt Cluinplun Socictr
Sir Ceorte Dmnunond.
IC.C.M.G.
Hon L A. Tuehtntu. K.C. J. M. Courtn«y— HonTrti
H. J. J. B. Chouinard
Jwnl Stcnury
A. 0. Doufhly. C.M.C. - Joint Sccrcury
Historical Int udum
9
descended hke panthers upon e^ y settlement that fringed
the Richeheu or the St. Lawrence. Tne scalping knife Ind
the tomahawk were not their v— st weapons. The captive
whom they gave over to the tor .e suffered everything that
It IS possible for mortal to endure.
Thus for ninety vears the history of New France was
one long struggle with this relentless foe. As late as 1663
there were only twenty-five hundred colonists against seven-
teen thousand of the Iroquois. Now and then canTe an interval
-fnf *%'k p'" *J?^ ^"'>'' '"'^^ ^^'■°^« days strife was inces-
sant. Ihe Canadian grew to manhood amid daily dangers.
The instinct of self-preservation made him fight to pre^rve
his home, lus wife, his children. Hence many daring feats
Lon^ault °*'^*^* °^ ^ ^' DoUard's battle at the
It is an episode in the "holy wars" of Montreal. This
settlement, founded thirty-four years after Quebec, was called
mto^ing as a rehgious citadel. The first band of colonists
numbered forty-four of whom four were women. Maison!
neuve, the leader, had the soul of a crusader. Jeanne Mance
m whose charge was placed the hospital, did not shrink ' jm
the penis to which women, like men, were e: jsed at thi-:
extreme outpost of French ocr-upation. No one who went
to his work within a hundred yards from the fort could teU
when he would tall into an ambush. The first inhabitants
of Montreal placed rehgion before every other human interest.
Ihey longed to revive the hfe ci the Early Church. Thev
IhZI -^ *'*"'''^Ju *^^ •^"d^^"^ Even when they repeUed
attack It was .a the spirit of martjTs to the faith. "^ *^ "
«f =.^*'"l^'^ T"i T* "^^^ ^'^^^^ companions to meet a force
nte".^"".'^'^'^ V??"""^^' ^*^« *^ad ^«olved upon the com-
plete destruction of Montreal. Even then, in 1660 its oeoDle
were but a handful. To save them from the risk of sTegra^nd
F-nU ^^'"^ '^^J'^f^u*'' ^"'^ *^« «a^ages such a t£te of
Sr«nVhTf^ *^^* ?^^y ^?"^d ^^^^ ff«"^ th«r attempt
He and his followers knew that they courted death. Each
made his wiU and took the sacrament. By the rift of their
hves, freely laid down in the service of their fe low? they were
resolved to stem the tide of Iroquois attack.
ro«;7l!# f^^i °^ ^^^ f^P^'"^ ^^^ unexampled fight was the
rapid of the Long Sault on the Ottawa. For the details of
the story we are indebted to some Hurons who joined the
10
Historical Introduction
p^,-!?' S^ ^^? T^^ P*''^«8 coming against Montreal th
fo^t^f tLT «„T u '^''i "P * l^*'o° "» ambush at th
foot of the Long Sault, and try conclusions with those of th
Iroquois whom he could intercept at that iSnt Hk Hp
fences were a poorly built fort wfcch had beS^Trft by somi
Dou|rp W^^^ ifthi^Srent^.n^et'E
escai'TS^ T"^ ^ T"^'!^ J^*" was no cbS^ol
hnf E:«.^ ® ^l^ °®^* *"«<^ ^ bum out the French
but were dnven back repeatedly bv musket fi»*^ «5«oK ^f^i
their loss^ that they decided to'^aft tiU the l^r p!S KZ
the Richeheu should arrive. This caused a delay of fi^ d^Z
anTc^ut^o^to^tl^r' ^ "^^ were clcseTy £^1^ ^ut^J
In the final scene there were seven hundred shriekinir
m2"s^X':'t^^'f: *>U°«« -l^^h Dotrd dSeS
min sixteen Fl^ ..yhmen, forty Hurons and four Aleonauins
Si th^ W^f?^^."*""* f ?« Hurons deS^r^dfSth^t
Kfliv^TfL f^n^ When the final assault came they had
tSv Sd lnn!^f days on dry hominy and such moisture as
thefr St ^ "^^^"^ * ^°^^ *" *^« e^°"°d beneath
Stung with shame at so many reoulses th«» Trnniir»!»
finally fleeted leaders of a forlorn hop^KhaJSed tWort
in one frantic mass Then followed the most tr^ inddent
and faHn^ K r^^ '? i^! enemy's midst struck a branch
catastrophe 8a>^ DoUier de Casson, "every man foueht as
though he had the heart of a hon, defendinn?nS wit^
Zttl^TT- ^?^ P»«*^l «hot«" DoUard wis a^ng^Je
first to be slam, but undeterred the rest foueht on «U thev
were cut down one by one. Not a man sJrTved ^
^/nS^STlTfr ^•^' ^^^ '''^ ^'-^ ^^^^ - -re
The Right Hon. Sir Charles Fitzp,trick
PC. K.C.M.C.
Chief Justice of Canada
R. L Borden. K.C..
l-«~i«r of the Oppoiiiian
/^:V
General Uke. C.B., C.M.G.
'mptcior Oenml of ilw Cm«fiM Forci
Brigadier General W. B. Otter. C.B.
In CofiHiund of Ilw Fore., durim ih« ClrtrMion
I
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Bithop MounMin
Pint Erifliih Biihcp of ^tctec
The Right Rev. A. H. Dunn
Lord BiUmp of Q|th*c
Very Rev. Dean Williun
Oueticc
English CuhedriJ. Quebec
Hiatorical IrOroduetion
11
V.
On the morning of June 30th, 1666, aU Quebec was in
a transport of joy. Cannon were booming and bells
nnpng as aU the world dressed in its best hastened to the
landing place. At the head of the procession went Mon-
seigneur Laval, VicEr ApostoUc and Bishop of Petraa. He
was to meet the King'^s Lieutenant-General, the Marquis
It was no ordinary occasion. Louis XIV, then in the
pnme of his youthful vigour, had determined that the strug-
gling Canadians should receive help. Hitherto the colony
m Its wars against the Iroquois had fought alone, unsupported
by the royal troops. But now the Kmg was sending aid to
his faithful subjects in the New World. The Marquis de Tracv
was about to land at Quebec with a detachment of the
Langnan Re^ment. The remaining companies were soon
to arrive with De CourceUe, the new Governor, and Talon,
the new Intendant. In the hearts of all hope mounted high.
A bnght era was to dawn for Quebec and Canada.
Laval, who took the leading part in Tracy's reception,
was the most eminent ecclesiastic of the Old Regime. A^
tbe lirst Bishop of Quebec he was given an opportunity to
orgamze the Roman Catholic Church in Canada. Throueh
farmneas of character and clearsightedness of purpose he left
his mark upon the distant future. By birth an aristocrat,
sprung from the great line of the Montmorency, he made it
his aim to spurn even those comforts whicl ire demanded bv
^'J*"*?^ .^"^ towards himself, he gave his whole soul
and effort to the service of the church. What property he
possessed went to endow the seminarj which he foiinded to
educate candidates for the priesthood. All his enerev-
physical and mental, he lavished upon the Canadian church
with whose care he l.^d been entrusted. Clear-cut, self-
denjnng, and unflinching in his defence of cardinal principles,
ftndeSTiTew'^ite.'' ""^"'^""^ ^"^"^"^^ «"^^"«' ^«
wh;.h*Jr«'^T^j;^^*S"'^"'?"*^^ ^^'^ expectations and hopes
which were entertained at the moment of his landing. By
i^r'r{!*"?u"* "^^ ^^^ Mohawks he secured for Canada the
i?Sri^lK^^ 'P^^^ '^ ^^^ ^^'^' J^«*« in tW« fierce
stnfe with the Iroquois. Impressed by the vigour and power
I • ■
12
Historical Introdwtum
of the Carignan Regiment, the savages sued for oeace ThpJr
roTeP' ^i^a r^d *heir viU^ges and th^irTrops'dS-
^^^S^^^the"^-^^^^^^^^ ^ee to ^oS,
mor^'^L^V^^^u}}'^ Carignan Regiment meant much
Sn ^'"^^ ^'^ «^^°*« «f '««d on tL SSeu and
K i^ ^"' ^^'^ambly, Berthier, Baby, Varennes La
f^^f ^' !S;™°''.* ?°^ Contrecceur preserve the SeSv of
ine msbanded troops, who, as tenants of their former offirere
mamtained the tie estabhshed in their youth (Sfficere and
NorUir^ \^^> ""r^ ^"^^^ bufwark to thetolony
overlooked TaInn"Vrr^ ^^Y' ^'^^ Tracy must Talon te
S to t^Jl X**'!,-^'*** Intendant, the man who did
fSr^s Si r^?*'' ^agriculture, trade, and manu-
laciures. Coming to Canada m the same vear with th^
Carignan Regiment, he infused his sXdiJTnem- into
every branch of the administration. T^enZge the^oDuk
SreTo ZS^'S^Jr^ ?! ^ ^^""^y' -" -xt^arWs
uesire lo make Canada in all respects self-supportinir No
TtL^nrcTot^^^"^' -- '^^' -^ acrc^CSanS
VI.
from^Chamokin ^'1'%"^ v."" ^^ '' **^^^"« "»^ «f ^^Pl"'^".
nnu.st Zis" of Nortf "a"^"'- ^*^\r1« ''»«^" ^he
RadissonjS: ^faUu^:'^
are only the most distinguished of the many S spirits X
P unged into the heart of the forest without thougMof the
to htv T ^''^.^'1^ t»?5t exploration involved It wifheiS
if Nia™ l"i'^" nudst o/an unbroken soUtude theThuVS
ot INiagara to have seen the waves of Lake Superior sa vet
untrnversed by any craft save the canoe, to K descld^d
the Mississippi amon- tribes that then 'gazed for the fo^I
H. B, Cwdinal Tuchcruu
PifM CafMdiin Ctrdrrul
F- X. Ckmcau.
Fr»n!h.C«..*« Hmmtmii
Mgr. PIcnis
BiAop of C^ittMc. IMW
Li. Col. Dc S«labcrry
Hero of Chucuiguay
ln.«ior En,l»h C«h«lrd. C>»b«. Convte^J H04. Roy.1 P«v in Clkry on kf.
Pm vMil m ilM
Th. ■■ Royal Wtll..m.-
>w«W » cfMt tht Aihniic ky m«m. ilom. iMl>,ni
ll»
Historical Introduction 13
irfhr^«tl^%^Tif w* T'^**. ?*°' *°^ *<> ^v« trafficked
at the Lake of the Woods with Crees from the boundless
praine. "v»*"uicdo
• • ??®!? was no one who recognized with more prophetic
'^Aii^' Z^"'!- ^^"^ ,P<««ibiUtie8 of the fjf West!
He desired mformation about the native copper of Lake
Superior. Even before JoUet and Marquette Ead brought
back a sure report as to the existence o? the Mississippi he
was eager to prove the truth of rumours regardmg this
great stream, ^d it was at his instance that Daumont de
ite ^Mi^" " "®'' °^ ^'^ ^^ *' s^'S*
By this ceremony the French took possession r.f that dis-
tant West which lay around and beyond the in nd sSs
Nothing waa spared to make it an impressive scei.o The
Sieur de Samt-Lusson, who had come from France with Talon
was chared to collect envoys of aU the friendly tribes inl
habiting the West and to the meeting olace thev came from
a radius of more than a hundred leagues. Fourteen nationn
were reprraented throuf 'i their ambassadors, and on the 4th
of June, 1671, began the most solemn festival ever observed
m those regions. "uocrveu
It was partly religious and partly political. Firet came
the blessing of a great Cross wfcch ha^been erected on a
height above the Sault. Then the King's escutcheon, Sed
to a cedar mast, was set up, while the missionaries present
sang the EmvduU and prayed for the Sovereign ''At^l
^^ '^^I^^}^' ^'^*^^°°' "Monsieur de Samt-Lusson, ob^
servmg all the forms customary on such occasions, took dob-
of Long bve the King !' and with the discharge of mus-
ketry to the deKght and astonishment of all tS pJZL
who had never seen anything of the kind." Then f5lo£«i
omtionsbv Father aaudeAlloue. and Saint-Lusson SS
The whole ceremony was closed with a fine Lonfire, which
was hghted toward evening, and around which the Te SeSn
was 8ung to thank God, on behalf of those poor jS,ples tTS
they were now the subjects of so great and poiJerfufa moSJrch ''
14
Hiatorieal Introduction
vn.
But the French were not the only Europeans in North
^^^u ^ J^^ ^^''^ Champlain^foundS Siebec Se
EnghBh had begun their settlemSit at JanSowT Half a
oentuiy later tEe whole Atlantic aeaboard fo^hSndiSf of
mdes to the south of Acadia was dotted with EnguTSes
each active and aggr^ive, strong in the sens! of SS
freedom and endowed with a seSse of initiative wShS
Ihe inevitable colhsion between English and French in
America was p«tponed for seventy-five yea« by the local
W^^TJ"^ ^K'T^ ^" '^ newiome/But at £lt the
Enghsh began to take notice of the progress which thePrench
were making in the West. The alaSn^ &Sl tJunded by
^u'^'L^^''^''' J*^ ^^"^ York. Fearing lest Se Sl^h
Ki*^ ^^T^ in between the Atlantic and theTC
te^^^n/f^^''°"'^ *° "^^'^ **^« ^d^'^^ce of the French
il 1 fij ^, them once more m war with the i xiuois. As
he looked forward he could see a time in the S futv^
L^k^ LZt "|?«.P9«^i°« the St. Lawrence, the grS?
F^Sh fn *S? MississiDpi could hamper, or even check the
iiingbsh m their natural expansion.
Within five years from the time when Donean becan to
J^^ll^n^t%'^- Jf?.°^*^ °' Canada,lhS^SiS o?
James 11 from the Enghsh throne caused violent war between
the parent states. Transferred to North America if KouSt
on a stem and dreadful duel between these two races whSe
s'S^^h^^of^^i;^^ - '-"^'^ '^ ^^ -eiJ^^'at^
fhinng his first term of office (1672-82) he had LHSi
oX!I''i^^!i''J **t?""« "1!^ S« '»^'^"«' ^^^ friction at
SonWp it? }t^ ^'' ^- '^J'^^y V"^"" ^°"«'^«<1 «* revival of
trouble ^th the Iroquois during the period of his two succes-
!?^'- ^^L?^'^ *"** D«no°ville. Wh^ Frontenac had bSn
hl^ ^\t^^y ''"'*.*' their worst, and in 1689, at fheS
T ™5: vfv i F^l ^".between France and England,
Louis XIV sent Frontenac back to his post at Quebec He
Tre'^d^rd X-°''' '"' " '°"'' ^°"'' '^^^ P""^
Stont over the Enlr«nce lo Philibert'i House. Now intened in the walls of the Post Office
? '
Chtteau St. Louis— Destroyed in 1134
J
Historical Introduetion 15
h.r f^n%^*u' ^^«8*.crifli8 Prontenac saved Canada from
her two foes, the Iroquois and the English. He sent toi ^
those three war parties which in the winter of ifion LS^i
foe and sword to^e hamlets of New E^gk^d andT.'vSi?
He brought the caureura debms from the far West and turned
them against the Iroquois. In the face of ?vemheS
numbers he turned Canada into a vast camp, whS^Sf
log house became a stronehold It wa« tC nl^t!! „k
Madeleine de Verch^res, agS ?iurtin,ZirheSfhett;
heroine.*" ^^'^^'"^ ^^'^'^ *°d issued from tTe conteK
Frontenac might strike at the English by land but
Canada was vulnerable from the side of the sea^ S kS
PwS sSSTthf s^T*""^P^' ^'r*^^'^ ^" i«90 sS'^iuS
rm^ sailed up the St. Lawrence to demand the sunendpr nf
Quebec he was met not with submission but defianT^D'Ibe?-
ville the greatest of the French Canadian warriore was en
S§1te nSri".' ^ '^- ^'Z'^'''' BienSe^^ion^e,;
flSi m?JrV"u**^''^P*^ '"^ '^« resistance to the English
fleet. Where Krke had succeeded, Phips faUed, baffled bv
the vigUance of Frontenac and the bravety ofSe CanSian
mihtia. And when his fleet had withdrawn defeated, Q^eSc
de la ^ctSS^' ^^ P'"*y '''''^ '^' '^^'^ of N^t^Dlme
VIII.
It is the chief characteristic of our Ufe to^av that in
oTcatada^'uSS" A"'' ^r^'^''^ ^°' the^^vL'^meit
fi«„ »; r , K.^^^ "^^^^ was not the banner of Fron-
tenac or Montcahn, French and English enjoy the same nrn
tection and share the same citizensWp. In J^her SsT"
Ideal for which Colbert and Talon strove wSsSipTScaSe
^Spe'riinrand"'}- tJS^^ TJ"^ ^°«««^ aS^Fl^u'ch
^i^^^^A^ ra^th^ris^xsMS
tor!i ♦ ^^^^ ^y <'he most startling chances of fortune it
16
Historical Introduction
?l ^ uT^^^^l^ *^* ^°«^*» i*^ ^e"<» outnumbere.
the French by forty to one. Remembering this fact th
contest 18 seen m ite true light. It was inevitable that Ne^
i-ngland and New France should battle for supremacy. Bu
we can now see how the issue was predetermined by thos
general caus^ which made the emigration to Canada ver
smaU, and that to the English colonies very large. In th)
era of the Seven Years' War the disparity had Become to<
^*!?r^\u^**® parent states by their intervention mighi
modify the course of the conflict, but could hardly have de
termined the result. ^
From Oswego to Ste Foy, who shaU say where Ues th«
supenonty m courage and devotion? Montcahn and L^vit
throwiAg their whole souls into a task which was rendered
^f^^ ^y -^^ ''f^'^" P^'^^y °f 2>«o*' Wolfe, shattered
m health, yet nsing from albed of fever to make a final effort;
the charge of the Highlanders, which showed that England and
bcotland had become a united nation : the bravery and willinc-
ness of the French Canadian miUtia:— it is in vain that we
attempt to single out any one feature of this splendid an-
tagonism which can confer pre-eminence upon either nation
or upon any individual in either camp. What perished in
the capitulation of Montreal was the Bourbon monarchy and
the narrow absolutism which fettered the life of New France
throughout the Old Rigune. What survives to this day is
the vigour of two great races, striving to make Canada strong
and free and reverent of law.
' li
f
SANS MERCI -By H*t««.
I. i. civili„„on fighting bTtlri J ^ "" "' "*"*' "" '"'"'" •'«• ' '"•«»' ''f"--
L. FRECHETTE.
FRANK LASCELLES
Designer *nd Muter of the Pageantry.
flote on tbe paoeants
By MR. LASCELLES
Quebec, July, 1908.
An appreciation of its History and of the deeds of its lieroes ranks
among the ^eat factors in the development of a naZn
Hence it will be readily granted that any influence which tends to th«
increase of this appreciation is not lightly to be set aside *''*
ft.ii„ ♦!! ♦ ^ l'"*^*^^ perspective lent by time, the present should realise
na foi so S^fh°^ .ts heritage yet it is given to few to have theJ imari!
nation so stirred through the medium of the printed page. astocaureS
to appreciate the significance of the record ^ "
Science ^e1irth''S*S„ p '"^^"''' ^T^ *°."«' » «* '>'"»d""^d to the
StiS^ht£^t2d.'?°'"'" p"**" "°'^' ''"'' '"""^-^ ^- ««
Ha^B then is an attempt to recall in Uving form some events in the
history of a century and a half of Canada's early days
It IS no story of the pomp and panoply of a thousand veara that f Ha™
Frank Lascelles.
than repeat as an apol^ the w^!^,£S?„ ,L , ?* "«»«'>"», I cannot do better
of the drford HirtSS%^^nr '^urUrf^S!fI"'°K7 ?°** ^ the Book of Worcb
Pageant, like an huitorical^Uy of S^^^^.^^^^^ ^"^ ??^"V°"* ''»' * °«>de™
time, and auitabilitv for reo^nf^n T^ ' S°i^" compelled by reason of space,
never have been realitiea." ■ometimes bodies forth possibihties which may
BRETAGXE.
II taut, tout parfum6 du sel des goemons.
Que le souffle atlantique emplisse tea poiinons:
Arvor t oflFre sea caps que la mcr blanbhe arrosi.
L'ajonc fleurit et la bruyfire est d«ii rose
L homme immobile auprte de I'immuable cliose.
Mni!??; ^"^"t .*« verras, par Ics landea d'Arti.
Monter vers le ciel mome, infrangible cyprS^
Le menhir sous lequel git la cendre du BiSref'
Et I'ocdan, qui roule en un lit d'algues d'or'
Is la voluptueuse et la grande Occismor
Heroera ton coeur triste & son munnure gtsve
HeR»:.U.
The Pageants
m .
Historical Notes on the First Paoeant.
Just before Jacques Cartier in 1535 moored two of his ships inth(
stream now known as the St. Charles, he made his first visit to the ok
Indian viUage of Stadacon6, " the town and dwelling place of Donnacona '
Ranged along the hi^h land between the St. Charles and the St. Lawrenw
were the villages of Ajoast6, Stamatam, Tailla (" which is on a mountain "
adds the discoverer), and Stadin. Stadacon6, on the high land iu'sl
beyond, overloolong the St. Charles, was by far the most considerabU
of them aU, for Donnacona was Agouhanna, "lord of Canada." " Undei
this high land towards the north," reads Cart ier's narrative, "is the rivei
andharbourof St.Croix(St.Charles),where we stayed from the fifteenth
day of September until the sixth day of May, 1536."
The winter was a disastrous one. Twenty-five men were carried of!
by scurvy; the survivors had scarcely strength to draw water or to keep
the neighbouring savages in ignorance of their weakness by beating
together pieces of wood within their palisade. On the third of May, 1536
the day and festival of Holyrood, Cartier raised a cross, 35 feet in height,
beanng a shield charged with the arms of France, and inscribed in Attic
letters: Franciscus Pnmus, Dei Gratia Francoium Rex Regnat "
Shortly after the ceremony Jacques Cartier's crew brought Donnacona
and foi^ other Indians on board the Cfrande Hermine, in order to carry
them off to France that Francis I might see them and hear thorn speak.
Names of Jacques Cabtier's Crew.
Ships' RoU of the expedition of IS"), preaeute.! hr Jean PouUet at
the meeting of the Municipal Council of St. Malo at Bale St Ie->n
Mareh 31, 1535.
The inscription of the said Masters, Mariners and Pilots follows: —
Jacques Cartier, Captain.
Thomas Fourmont, Master.
OuiUaume Le Breton Bastille, Captain
and PUot of " L'Em^rillon. "
Jacques Maingard, Master of "L'Em«-
Marc Jalobert, Captain and Pilot of the
"CorreUeu.'' (»)
Guillaume lie Maris, Master of the "Cor-
relieu. "
Laurent Boulain.
Etienne Nouel.
Pierre Esmeiy dit Talbot.
Michel Herv6.
Etienne Princevel.
Michel Audiepvre.
Bertrand Sambost.
Richard le Bay.
Lucas Fanunys.
Francois Guitault, druggist.
Georget Mabille.
Guillaume Sequart, carpenter.
Robin Le Tort.
Samson Ripault, barber.
Francois Guillot.
Guillaume Esnault, carpenter.
Jehan Dabin, carpenter.
Jehan Duvert, carpenter.
(!) This vessel was the "PETITE HERMINE;" her name being thus chanced
on the occasion of Cartier s second voyage. so-
w»l of Jacques Carticr
r an Quebec, IS3S
Conference between Jacques
Canier and the Indians
at Stadaconi.
i: ■
I
Th« Taking of Quebec m 1629.
From Hcnntpm. Edition 16*1
Ju]i«nQol«t
Tliomas Boulsin.
lliehel PbeUpot.
Jebao Hsmel.
Jehan Fleunr.
GuiUaume Oiiilbert.
ColMBarbe.
Lkurant Gkillot.
Ouilkume Boehiv-
Miohd Eon.
Jehan Antb x<e.
Jehan Pierk 3.
Jeban Cou yn.
Antoine Dr 'rnr.'bea.
IxniU Dou& rer
Rem Cou} ■ > ■)\x.
Pierre Jonebue.
lliehel Maingatd.
Jehan Manrm.
Bertmnd Apvril.
Oillei Stuffin.
Geoffroy OUivier.
GuiUaume de Ouemei<.
Eustaehe Oronin.
GuiUaume AUierte.
Deaeription of the PageanU
Jehan Ravy.
It
Pierre Marquier, trumpeter.
GuiUaume Le GentiUiomme.
RaouUet Maingard.
Fran^oia Duault.
Herv< Heniy.
Yvon LegaL
Antoine AUerta.
Jehan Colaa.
Jacquea Poiniault
Dom. GuUlaume Le Breton, CStaplain.
Dom. Anthoine, Chaplain.
PhUippe Thomaa, carpenter.
Jaequee Dubois.
Julien Plantimet.
Jehan Go.
Jehan LegentUhomme.
Michel Douquais, carpenter.
Jehan Aismery
Pierre Maingart
Lucaa Clavier.
Goulaet Riou.
Jehan-Jaoquei Hoibibeo.
Pierre Nyd.
Legraidte Etienne Lebfame (*).
loguts and hiatonana amoe thia liat waa publiahed. "raoeo-
**''°to "Se^^n* ^*"*'*"**' •«»«>'<*• S««gi>eur de Montcevrilea and cup-beai«r
Moonieur: Cfaarie* QuUlot. eeetetaiy of Jaoquea Ckrtiar.
" Oiaries de la Pommeraya.
Pierre de Qiambeaubc,
" Jehan Guyon,
" Jehan PouUet,
" Jehan Gamier,
De GoyeUe,
and PhiHppe Rou^emont, the only one Jacques Cartier namea of the thirty aailon who
died of scurvy dunng the winter of 1535-36. ' ^^
.~.vT^'?"T *^ tot^.number of names so far as known, to 83, but, as the man iHw
took part in tliis expedition totaUed 110, tbera are some tWenty-siven whokmyet^
^^•i^iZ^^"" to rem«n sa dever inde«i will be t2e «.tiqua,i«. ^Z wiU
FIRST PAQEANT— Scene I.
1634-6.— The Villaqb of Stadacon*: Jacques Cartier plants a
CROSS ON THE BANK OF THE RIVER AND RETURNS TO FRANCE.
There is a deep silence over the distant blue hills, over the broad river
flowing between its lofty banks, and over the wide waiting land of
primeval forest and plain. *
Outlined against the waters is the motionlest- figure of an Indian
chieftain as, with his hand shading his eyes, he gases out over the river.
ae sta nda as though looking into the dawning of the future, with pn-
Fint
PacMat
I
» DferipHonotthePagtank
moj^ionofooBmjgchMipBto Wb race. In the distant encampment is
bsard the sound of ooging^ On a sudden he utters a cry, for awar on
*•» nw. J» ««» ca«ditS2»t of three strange ships.
^ f K^T-i^" '*°^ come running fromthe camp and gase in wonder
rtthe stran4,e apparition, while the sons of the s&ors ii heard belo"
i«KL*5"jK?MI* PS' *° ^' *J» ^"« t"«P d"'^ to the shore
-Jtl.^?-^ T^ "?y_"*""' '•"«»«»««» to fnendly welcome, and im
£in?^»i'^A"^»'^"*.***^*« *"«>««». dicing sinrinfc
toapmg, oymg '^AtouaB" m welcome, after theianiier oflfii, pS^
S^^iiT"^ ''°^=!:r«'!?l?''*'"'°« '^th infants in their^S^
^£S1 teT ™S r^> "*''' ''>°"ting for joy, strokingiS
^5!^ J?!? '"^S "«» «w>lding up screeching inf Jits to be toSc^
„1H i?^?" ^'J*'" "1?" bread and wine to be set before them, andw^
oU cbeftam, tuat. makes an harangue, pointing out the extent" the
domuuon to which the white men are receiWanS welcomeTrhM th^
Til^^'u"^ ""^ *•* 7°"" to retire, squat on the ground about
thePrenchmen row upon row of swarthy forms'iTd grim faces^asttoS
■ays Cwtier "we were about to act a play." Then appears a'troooof
wSTtS'^'*^:! "it^W"* tl^ "over'the bare eJS^wJ'^l'
?rJ?L''^'^ ^ tribesmen. They place him on the ground at JacoSes
Oirtier's fest and make sign, of M>lemn appeal for himfAgouhiir?K
^iffiL*°JS?K ^""l*'^ h»nd oAhs French chief. Cartier ruSi the
SSS SLS'' ^- '^' "d » given in return for his sympat^
StSulSt""' ^ victories-and the red fillet (5 hi
Meanwhile, the sailors have set up a great cross of wood Dnon
rtj«ns is a shield ehurged with the iSies SFranStnd i^^ripuC
of the cannon having died away, the Frenchmen kneel before the croi?
tE!SSJ£pf ?Z*°' ^""^ *° ^"*' ^^ "P"" '^ "W* '^•P^^d-'
tn .^Lf *'^^''»^'*'" "y" Cfrti". "the savages marvelled, turning one
^J^^ f"^ l*"?* "P?" the cross". Then, treating it ;ithrevliW
r^J^f'**^. "'?'*■ **' "^ **'«" '*• •do"»d with lowen, andbSm
tooacco before it as mcense. "«"••
^„v Meanwhile from the wigwams beyond appears a woeful throng, the
sick, the maimed, and the decrepit, brought or iSdforth and placed Urfore
DEUM. ET DEUS ERAT VERBUM. "' Then te mSSL SJtL^oflS
ttd rosaries, com^s and bells to the women, whUi pewter rings and imSS
..rf f^ h'J'" °^''' "" .'•decked out in a shirt, coloured "sayon,"
and a red bat, each one receiving a chain of "laton" around hid neck
De$enjition of the Pageantt 21
Cartier presents to the chief a cloak of Paris red set with yeUow and
white buttons of tin and ornamented with small bells.
Then a little girl is presented to Cartier; aU the people give cries in
Hgii of joy and alhance, and the chief presents two little boys, one after
the other, upon which the same cries and ceremonies are made as before
Now the trumpeters press their trumpets to their lips and blow a blast
that fills the hearts of their hearers with amasement and ddight The
visitors descend to the river, foUowed by a crowd of women, who, with
clamorous hospitality, beset them with gifts of fish, beans, corn and
othCT artides of unmvitmg aspect, making signs that the cross shall not
be disturbed. A group of Indians accompany them in canoes to their
ships, their shnU songs of jubilation still reaclungtne ears of the receding
Frenchmen as they spread their sails and steer for home, carryingthe
chief Donnacona and some of his companions to France, that Francia
the FuBt may see with his own eyes the inhabitants <rf this "New World.'
TWC SONGS OF THE SAOOKS
« A-b A>t A-i A - bl
All, alo, pour MadMro:
Ali, ali, alo!
n mange kk viande
Et nous doniM 1m m:
Ali, aH, abl
Ali, ali, alol
A SAIhTT-MALO. BEAU PORT OE MER
A Saint Malo, b«au port d« mer, (bis)
TitM graa navir** aoot arrives,
NoiM iiaoa tur I'eau,
NouB y prom' promener,
Noua irana jouer dam I'De.
DONNAOONA.
VI^ 8t ^jal tur ton fkr pramoa-
toire,
D n'art plus da for«t lUMidwHt at noin;
„, > fw a tout d^trult.
luianirltr %utaeloehMS,tttrlMbkuieliM
muimillM
Bur 1« roo & ^ip<, Mmoin de eant batsUlw,
Plane une Ombre la nuit.
Ella vient de bt«B Mb, d'oa vieux ehitwn
dcFranee,
A moitM itueH.jmoA par la touvnaaea
Du rm nanfoia piemiar.
EUe erut au Dieu fort qui Kuffrit en rilanee
^<>,><aiKl ohef dont le oaur fut petal
d'une lanoa,
SUe erut au guarrierl
Deteription of the Pageanti
I
DoBBMMM mmtee au warn dm anoCtns,
DonMSftya lMi< de wrvir d'sutm am,hnt,
AuMi Taigungni.
iMjrimiz eheb tout parte htMent leur
Mpulture,
<ki entcnd eliqueter partout eomme una
anaun
Lm eoUien d'teugni.
Pus oe Mnt dam 1m ain mille dameuia
Dm voiz obantoit en eonir aur noa rival
heureuMa,
Conmia un kac hnMnm
Et I'on voit ToltigerdM nMctrM dia-'
phanM,
Et I'fcho aur 1m moots, dana 1m boia. 1m
Mvanea,
n^iMe: Agouhannal
P. J. O. Chautbau.
H»ioRic4L Nona ow the Fimt Paobamt (Scene II).
u-iJSt*^ I?"^ -J F/«»f ' J««5que8 Cartier hastened to relate to His
Majwty- aU the inctdents of his voyage and the results which might be
hopedfor from his discovenes. The King, surrounded by his coimiers,
brtened attentively to the story of the great Breton navigator, who
entertained him with vivid deeeriptions of the land, its rivers ai^d vil-
lages. and, above aU,tlM noble St. Lawrence, whose magnitude and beauty
V^^t ^K^T^L.J^J^^y ""^ Domagaya, who had been to
*>anoe in 1634, mterpreted for Donnacona theChief, before the King.
m Indians were sent to St. Malo to be instructed in the cathoUc faUh.
They were baptised," says ( -ier, "at their own desire and request."
-iK5f"5-z}'°*',~^"^ ?? «°<" '' ^° Donnacona; but in 1542 the old
ohwf died, professing his new leligion.
Pbbsbmt at thb Coubt of FRANas I.
Gemtlehbn op the Coubt:
vi»J'!ir.£!!^K°li*'*"j^'/^i^"' 17 years of age-Henri, 16
years of age-Charies duke of Origans, 13 years of age. Anre de
Montmorency, Pnme Bfinister, Grand Master and Marshal of France
— Oanlinal Jean de Lorraine— Chabot de Brion (Admiral of France)
i;;;^? n,'*i^"'"j"''i^"*o^'''' °* ^"'" (p»°<* «""*•' »' the
chMe)— Duke Claude de Savoie-Antoine du Bourcy (Chancellor)
--GuiUwme Poyet (Chancellor, President of the Parliament of
/iS^^T?*""*,, ''^ Saint-Pol-Count de Tende-Cardinal de Toumon
(High Chancellor)-GuiUaume du BeUey-Langey (Minister) -Marquis de
Sf s?'i;/i'"J^?*"''J ^^?^?^ of ParisWMgr. Franjois BoWer(bi8hop
iS 1? M^^i^"* *%-^*l'^-?'? <('Anneh.ut-«ire de Montejak
— De la Meillerave (Vice-Admiral of France)-Count de Rceubc
(Ueutenant general) -Count des Bures (Ueutenant general) -Caliot
du Sfn^v *! J^f **« T'"^' mini8ter)-Sire de Sangey-Martin
rh»SiX^nP*'J°^~?^'"'T'".<*'*?*"°>-^ •» Porte (captain)-
Chandemer (lieutenant) -Antomo de Leyva (lieutenant) -Bonne-
?)„ P^^P^PK^ ~*^f" /*S!?° (•'•"tenant of the Criminal Court) -
Du Prat (Chanwllop of France, Minister) -Henri d'Albret (Ueutenant
KSi u^L?*"* pn^-F'MQois de GenouiUac (seneschal of Qu«ry)-
n^^^i?"'/ . u'****^*"^')-^'*"™' Marot (celebrated writer)
ZSS. n.,f^L''*-^2^'l4^f"^-^.*'™'^ ^'•» (celebrated writer)
—Louis Burgenais (first medical attendant)
DeserxTption of the Pageants 23
Ladies of the Court:
Queen El^onore (2nd wife) -Daughters of the King: Madeleine (15
yeare of age) and Marguente de France (12 years of Me)-Mar(mente
fa wn/Ynn" l^'lf ^"gJT^f'^DucWd'Estam^L^Trd:
if ,^??1. T°T^~i^''^f^»^® Lorraine-Marie de Bourbon (dau- hter
of the Duke of Venddme) -Marie de Guise (daughter of Claude de Lor-
^» mIJ^^^^^v '^ ^I'r^.lT® ""J}}"^ King)-Marie d'AIbret -Catherine
de Mddicis (wife of the Duke of Orleans, married 1513) -Mademoiselle
Norm^dy)^ °* " (daughter of .he Grand Marshal of
FIRST PAQEANT- Scene II r^
1536.— The Gardens at Fontainebleau: Francis the First receives siSSn
Jacques Cartier and learns op his Discovert of Canada.
„* ^* ^^^ u,**" °^ * summer afternoon there comcs through the gardens
tL^^ ""^^''T X T'^^^de of courtiers from the forest ^yond.
Trumpets sound m the distance, as the richly caparisoned horses, bearing
their noble riders come into view through the avenue of trees. Across
the greensward winds the long procession in sheen of velvets and of
satins unil drawing rein by the sparkling fountains, they are met by
groups of ladies and attendants of the court, while strains of music mingle
with the plash of the water and the jingUng of the bells and harness.
aniH. t!f xtl ""l®"" •'i *""i°.Py °° * ^°"^ caparisoned in cloth of
gold, his clothes are embroidered in gold and jewels and as irreat cuds of
w.ne and golden <Ushes of fruit are handed by the pages, a t^ ofTuM
fn i '^TJl'u'^ '^Tf ^ '^^ I'^'^r'- '^'»«°' '^ l^ command, is :,raSSh?
«»tK f i''"}'^^jr**^*""*^***" '«*' *^o ^^^ journeyed i^fafin
!fw I, ^^'^ ^"""^ "'li^'^ returned to the Old Worid to tell his KinJi
,„?H nf !k-" Tk. ""I^ ^^'"^■- ^r"^'^ ^»"'«'' o"* beaded knee, havinf
r^i^hi K- "^® discoveriM he has made and the stories whiih have
W^e S^rlnT' ^^'''' '^ dark-hued chieftain of the west to the g«L
Sni ^^«- .K ^""»«o°»i ^fo prostrate with his companions on the
ground before the kmg, and then, through an interpreter he tells his
the FXh"'%"' "l-^dof gold and rubiel and of aWion whke Uke
n^.lT ' .^1'^*"' H''* '"">''"* ^°^' *nd of those to whom
nature has granted but one leg. The king having listened with inteiwt
Jacques Lartier at his departure on his second voyage. Then, la-iriuna
and jesting, the king rides on with his Court. ^nw», w igmng
Historical Notes on the Second Paqeant— Scenb I.
The new era inaugurated in the New World by Champlain was the
Exhauit^T :»•:" '^' ""'^ ^°"'* '"""S'rated^by Heng^Nava^'
savs iStr.^ .^?^ '^""^ ^'*™ "^ "°"'^°^' *'""»«« "had sunk at last,"
?2c^ovm Th^ r^°.JLr^' ""e^y^nd disturbed yet the harbinger of
W^H S^vjli ^ "''^'" f^""^ ^°^ *•>« ''«»• o' F'-'^ce and of man-
in tteCSf**"* -^ i° the troubled surface of affairs. w«i throned
«n the Louvre, composing the strife of faaions and the quarrels of his mis
24
Detcnption of the PageanU
tresses. The bear-hunting prince of the Pyrenees wore the crown of
France. He cared little for creeds or dogmas. Impressible, quick in
sympathy, his grim lip lighted often with a smile, and his war worn cheek
was no stranger to a tear. He forgave his enemies and forgot his friends.
Many loved him; none but fools trusted him. Mingled of mortal good and
111, frailty and force, of all the Kings who for two centuries and more sat
on the throne of France, Henry the Fourth alone was a man "
Such was Henrj' of Navarre in the Old World : Champlain, in the New
was a true hero after the chivalrous mediasval type. His character was
dashed largely with the spirit of romance. Though earnest , sagacious and
penetrating, he leaned to the marvellous; and the faith which was the Ufe
of his hard career was somewhat prone to overstep the bounds of reason
and invade the domain of fancy. A Royal patent raised him to the rank
of untitled nobihty. He soon wearied of the antechambers of the Louvre
It was here, however, that his destiny awaited him and the work of his life
was unfolded.
Aymar de Chastes, commander of the order of St. John of Jerusalem
and Governor of Dieppe, wished to mark his closing days with some notable
achievement for France and the Church. He made reason and patriotism
-us watchwords. He came to court to beg a patent of Henry IV, and he
resolved to proceed to New France in person and dedicate the rest of his
days to the service of God and his King.
Champlain young, ardent, yet ripe in experience, consented to accept
a post in the nev» enterprise.
Before his departure for Canada in the spring of 1608, Champlain
submitted to the King his reasons for preferring the banks of the St
Lawrence, the gateway of Canada, as a place of settlement, to the ruKeed
shores of La Cadie.
The dreani of the sailor of that period was a passage to the Western
Sea and the nches of Cathay. Champlain, however, recalled the great
stream which flowed in silent grandeur from sources in the West, which no
white man had ever discovered. Here the Indians would bring their furs •
the discoverer would prepare for his voyages of adventure; the Church
v-ould proclaim her teachings to the children of the forest. Henry IV
then at the height of his glory, extended to Champlain the encouragement
which assured to France a colony in the New Worid. On July 3 1608
thamplain 'a Uttle ship anchored before t he Rock of Quebec.
Present at the Court of Heijri IV. 1608.
Henri IV (King).
Dauphin Louis.
Gaston, Duke of Orl&uis.
Another child who became Louis XIII
(■even yean).
Jean Roany (confidential minister of the
King).
Auhign^ (Marshal of France).
Philippe du Plrssis-Momay.
Charles de CosB^-briasac (Marshal of
Frmuoe).
Brulart de Sillery (Chancellor of France).
Jeannin (Minister).
Duke of Guise.
Prinea de Joinvill»
Duke of Mayenne.
Marquis of Montpesat.
Henri II de Montmorency (Marshal of
France).
Duke of Epemon.
Count of Auvergnfc.
Duke of Lesdigui^pes (Grand Constable
of France).
De Villeroy (Minister of the Kingt.
Cieer, Duke of Venddme.
Roger dc Bellegarde (Marshal of France).
Antoine Count of Moret.
Charles Faulet (Chancellor).
I.«'npt (Councillor of State).
Du Teuil (confidant of the King).
e.ifOHjAT
The Founder of Quebec, the Ancient Ctpilal of Cuuda
il
II
Anne of Auscria
HKNHy IV.
//^um
C»ndi«c— The Home of Monicilm
%k re
Uunchmg of the Cr.ff.n" on the N,»g»r. R.ver m t«?9
Descriptum of the Pageants
Marquis de Mirabesu.
Marquis de Liancourt.
Duke of Montbazon.
Marquis de la Force.
Le Noue.
Romielaure (Lieutenant-general).
De I^avardin (Marshal).
De CriUon (grand Captain).
.'eand'Albret
Ville^ntlain.
Concino-Concini, Marshal d'Ancre.
Marie de MMicis and the ladies of the
Court.
25
Elisabeth (Queen of Spain) daughter of
the King and of Claude of France.
uennette (Queen of England), daughter
of the King and of Claude of France.
JUeonore Do.-i (Marquise d'Ancre)
tody of the bedchamber of the Queen.
Marquise de Vemeuil.
Princess of Condfi.
Duchess of Mayenne.
Marquise d'Elbeuf.
Madam Duplessis-Momay.
Jacqueline de Bueil.
Charlotte des Essarts.
Mile d'Aumale.
SECOND PAQEANT-Scene I. Second
1608^The Louvre: Samuel de Champlain at the Court of Kino^«"«»*
™»K fl ^^^ " "tyP '^ ^^^ P»'«>e of the Louvre and about it is taoestrv
fi To ri'^'strafns Sf.' ^T^r. '""l Halberdiers' and Gua^dfora
S thS ™ffl^ »n^ J}^ MH»3tfls, the gaily attired courtiers troop in
SmatS ?2rZt ^*^t ?P"'f'* farthingales and all is laughter ^d
M^SL ^ MX JV^P^ts proclaim the entrance of the King and Ws Queen
fdbweJ bfthe tntt^'^f r" ^y '""^ S^"*'^ '"^'^ Pagef of the couTtTd
loiiowed by the gentlemen of honour and maids in waitme thevmaWptboir
Th^'ft n^^V'"! ^^*"« ^'"•""g t« '^^^' throne of Se At t"e fo J of
5 mS ^af chiJaW^an"'^ ""*'* '" ^ V^'"^ °^ ''''' «"«<» ^th the spirit
T i»^*„„fl^ r. ,"? ""^. roroance. who is presented to the King as his
orpSc?o"fT.- ^7 ^'""^ '^^ ?^' ^'«"' de Monts, from cLam^aiS's
PAVANE
4>p«, break oul ,„,o ih. g., „f„i„ „, ..vi,e H»K §uS - '
Deseription of the PageanU
VIVE HENRI QUATREI
btt-irc. Eidtiraun vert |>l>nil
HisTOBicAL Notes on Second Pageant— Scene II.
ifl^^*^P'^°j''*^ been nine years married to H6Une BouU«, when
1020 she decided to embark with her husband for New France The shii
comply comprised scarcely twenty souls. Father George^ de Bailhf
very distinguished RAcoUet, and Brother Bonaventure accompanied t
Founder of Quebec. There were two clerks and three servants of Madai
«,.f'5Ei'^^ T,^- '^^ a great day for the Uttle settlement when the si
rounded the Point of Orleans. The doors of the.4Wto<wn in the Lower Toi
were flung wide to receive the newcomers. Louis H6bert and his wi
Adnen Duchesne, a physician, and his wife, Abraham Martin, Pierre D.
portes Nicholas Pivert and their wives appeared before Champlain to W(
come him again to Quebec and to greet the mistress of the little colony.
Madame de Champlain was in the full flower of youth and of so a
gehc a beauty that the savages were tempted to take her for a divinit
Ihey marvelled to see that she bore their images next her heart, for si
carried at her girdle according to the fashion of the time, a mirnJr whi(
reflected their faces Dunng the four years of her stay in Canada, Madar
Champlain made of the Abitation the model of a Christian home. Oft(
she went with the others of her household to visit the savages who liv<
about the fort; she entered the rude wigwams of bark, gave them food ai
l*'*iil?f.'^<i .fared for the sick. Such wer« these few lonely women wl
shared the toil of their husbands in New France.
1620.— Samdel de Champlain.
Vrur^ll^ Jl?"^*-^"^ rewarded the services rendered to religion and (
France by the mtrepid voyager by sending him the following letter--
" Champlain,—
Having learnt of the command which you have received from mv <v>...;n ♦K- j„i
of Montmorency, Admiml of France, and my vi^royTN^w Franc? to «^ out fo?t
•Id country, to be there his lieutenant, and to locf after my ".^H "m plla^
S^^"Jm K^'""' *° "'"'a!' y°" ^^^ '•»« ^"^'^ ^^"^ you»h^ll%;de?me^tl
I.™ « '^' <»using the people there to live as conformably as possible to 1 1
H.^ ,.™? "^ '*il'?« '*" ""^ "' '*"« '"t^-^"* of the CatLi^n.?S^n so as
Done at Paris, the seventh day of May, 1620. "
HISTORICAL PERSONAGES.
CouRTiEiia: —
Sieur de Pontgtmv^.
Sieu' Guillaume de Ca«n et Sieur Em<rr
de Caen (hia son). '
Pierre du Cast, Sieur de Monts.
Duke of Montmorency.
Marquis de la Roche.
Marquis de Gamache.
Sieur de Poutrincourt
Robert Grav«.
Claude des Marets.
Pierre Cbauvin, Sieur de Tontuit.
Champlijn's Fortified Residence at Quebec
The Doti d« Dieu— ChampWns Ship
i!
Some of the Children taking pari in the Pageants
Old Parliamenl Buildings
DtBoription of the PageanU
Htniy CouUIbkI (wptein).
Etiome BrikM.
Bonnerme.
Jaluui Duval.
Antoine NataL
UTtUlt.
LouiiH<b«rt
QttUlauiiM Couillud.
LouifCouillMd.
Abmhufi lUrtiii.
lladaiM de Chunphun (Hdtee BoulM
22 yaan of am) 8 aervanU.
OuUlemette Hitiert (wife of QoUlauiiie
Couillard).
Uanuerite Laii|^ (wifa of Abiaham
Martin).
HAtee Deaiwrtw (wife of Ouiilaume
H<bert).
Uanuerite Lewge (wife of IHeoIaa Hwrt).
UadamoinUe Fivert.
Cuw:—
Niehoiaa Ifarion.
Morel (eaptain).
Jehan Roiatliier.
Ouillaume le Teatu.
Pterre Canant.
IifRABrrANTs: —
Nioolaa Fivert.
Pierre Deaportee.
Ouillaume Hubouat.
Manolet.
Fran^oiie Laagloia (wife of PSem Dea-
portee).
Marie RoUet (wife of Outllaume Hubourt).
Louiae 0>uillaid.
Marguerite Couillard .
Elinbetb Couillaid.
Marie Couillard.
Maiguerite Martin.
H<ltoe Martin.
Marie Martin.
NOTE ON THE CALUMET DANCE.
^ J^ ^^i*^ ?^Urt,°'f' '•"B* P^Pe. «*U«1 the calumet of peace. It is eompoeed
<rf etone eiUier of a reiL black or wKtuh hue, polidied like maiWe^ T^ ^ ,ffth«
^^JH^*^ 'B *k««T? which cont^ uS^t^bLT* 3 in^ lS.°'^
SS^ foi^JjIoT^'if* " "-^li" •"°«^' » Perfo^tod i" the centre totsordt
PMage for Uie amoke. It i» conadered ae an appendage of state, and regaidedas the
S?el*SS,Zd' '^'^ '* " P"*"*** **» be^SiXhen eilL^Sf,, or ,^. o?
. .,J^ calumet has the same influence among savacea that a flas of truce hu ^mnn.
£ S?<-.7** 1*"** S"* ^ ™'i"^ together, indicate peace and an offer of aS St onW
to those to whom the calumet is presoited, but also totheir allied The oeremonvS
S^Sfion^Str^JS* ""«*;«*r'*y pH""* t° theX^^or extcSofLy
transaction of importance. The calumet dance u participated in onlv bv th> mnat
t^ ^v'nrST"'^- ^\iL '^"''^ .by them as TeeZS^ o" relig^on^iSd p^
JhTrf^^ ^^ occasions the most serious and solemn. Witfiout thelnt^rwationof
the dance, no pubhc or pnvato transaction of moment can take effect It^mTta
SdT„*1.^''„^'S' " ^r^^ *.»"' ""*J^ f">™ their hibuSj^ddSSandlSl^
and m mspinng them with activity and animation. wrpioiiy,
exhibitiSS.'^ '" °""* passionately fond of tbeae than Europeans are of theatrical
SECOND PAQBANT— 5cene II.
1620.— Samuel de Champlain brings to Qitebec his young wipe and
18 RECEIVED BY THE GaRRISON OP THE FoRT AND THE FRIENDLY
INDIANS WHO PERFORM THE CaLUMET DANCE IN THEIR HONOUR.
rh»Jnit-^"'S rock bound viUage of Stadacond has now become Quebec,
of WT •"" u°*^^^ V^ ^'^ «P«°* ^^ intervening time in the midst
rl^t^A^ ^' 7^^ ^^^f "^^ *»»« settlers in their labours and is
^^!t ?•* l"?*^" .*°d friend bv all. Now, after an absence of two
^fo^X ^.? hw native countiy, he is bringing back from France his girl
Son^ » Lm r*? ^ ^^° ^®*" °^ '^'' prepared to spend the rest of his life
SL t « ^ * .guarantee of his good faith to live in his own
wigwam here as the viceroy's heutenant in "La Nouvelle France."
Second
Pageant
Scene II
:r!
28
Dtteripion of the PagearUt
The entire population conaBting only of 80 persona, comes out to meet
them with much joy, and the artillery booms out at intervals from the
httle fort which Champlain himself had constructed and the bells ring
from the church tower which he had built. The settlers include families
of the Huberts, CouiUards, Martin, Hvert, Desportes, Huboust, Marsolet,
(many of whose descendants survive here to this day.
• i.'^?*' ^^^ shouts of the assembled crowd, the Indians greet them
with the concise ceremony of the forest; they gate at the young giri in
stupified amazement that anything so beautiful should come among
them. She weare dangling at her side a little mirror, in the fashion of the
time, which reflects their countenances; and it pleases them vastly to think
that she has them each "in her heart." They have prepared a solemn
feast to which the elders and chiefs have been invited, and women sweep
the arena where the festival is to take place. The Viceroy and his wife
are seated on skins in the place of honour and the calumet or pipe of peace
IS presented to them while the chiefs smoke, sitting round. Champlain
tells them that, moved by affection for them, he first visited their country
to see Its nch mines and its beauty and to help them in their wars. In
the meantime preparation is being made for the Calumet dance. They
surround the spot with small trees and branches, placed perpendiculariy in
the ground, and the chieftain advances, exclaiming that he carries a
calumet of peace.
A large mat is then spread, on which is placed the god of the chieftain
who gives the dance. On the right of the "manitou" are placed the calu-
met, with the trophies of warfare, the club, the hatchet, the bow, the
quiver and arrows. The singers, consisting of both men and women, are
seated under the foliage upon mats. The first part of the dance is per-
lomaedbyone person, who throws himself into various attitudes, and
fMticulates with the calumet in his hand. He then invitee a warrior to
join him in the dance; the latter ^>proache8 with his bow and arrows, and
hatchet or club, and comme sea a duel against the other, who has no ins-
trument of defence but the calumet.
The dance over, the performers approach in ceremony officially to
receive Champlain and his party.
... '^**?'l* ""^ °^ iP°^ French wine is broached and the health of the
King, of Champlain and hia young giri wife is drunk amid shouts of "Vive
e Roi, " Bien Venue " and " Vive Champlain " to which he replies, " Vive
la Nouvelle France " and " Vive Qu^bec.^' Then merrily singing the song
L etait une frigate," they accompany them to the Abitation.
DAN« DU CALUMfT
I-* H.' - I*. Yoo.|»n.non . out' Ht-a. Hi' • » . You lini r
I
hW . I*. H.' . («. YouUnnon . ouo' (-«.» H«' M. You Un non - out'
Deaeription of the Pageants
A LA CLAIRE FONTAINE
lemtjsquc n ivKot. JuMir it fw I'oublvru
J'ai trouv< I'eaa A belle
Que je m'y ams baign<;
Sous lee feuillee d'un chine
Je me auie fait afcher.
Lui ya Ifngtempa que je t'aime
Jamaia je ne t'oubuerai.
• • • • •
Je voudraia que la raae
Fut encore au rosier,
Et que le rosier mime
Futilamerjet^.
Lui ya longtempe que je t'aime,
Jamaia je ne t'oublierei.
CETAIT UNE FRECATE
C'teii u.n* H-u-».
••wn io-li oonr di re-M; Okrabi
C<tait une frigate,
Uon joli eoaur de nae,
Iteos la mer a toucb<,
Joli uaur d'un nwer. (ter.)
Yavait un' demoiselle,
Hon ioli oceur de rase,
Su' rbord d'la mer pleurt (nit),
Joli naur d'un rosier, (ter.)
Dites-moi done, la belle,
Hon joli eoaur de rose,
Qu'a vous i tant pUnuer?
Joli eceur d'un lOMr. (ter.)
• • • «
FWut-il, pour une fille,
Hon joli coeur de rose,
Que mon fils soit noy<l . . .
Joli ooBur d'un rosier, (ter.)
Historical Notes on the Third Pageant.
La MiRK Marie de l'Incarnation and the Ur8uu\e8 or Quebec.
♦k- ™ *» ^"y"*» °[y°^ ^"d been renowned for their piety ever since
n/r^'^f'^hfr *;^^'''**'" °' ^ M*" Msrie had been sent to the wildeS?
"nU„Ji ^''•,''«»»'>-b«l of Louis XL Marie was bom in 1599 She
Jtl^ "Z^ T\ i? *•»• '"i"»'y' »°^ ~t'"«l °"«>y * time the great
JLTi aIWu.?* Tour, and that exquisite little gem of Gothic S-
^ h^^„ * ^"^J*"' *" *«i°* *'*•} *'^'' '^"^ music After her marriage,
Ih! TT^.«;!° °"'^ "?" ^i*" *"'y widowhood, she had entered at thirty
the Unuhne convent at Tours. SUrred by the thrilUng ReUUion, dL
of^lS'JTA*^ l?u" °' ^*- y«<*°t i»e Paul, aided by thS*coSSSLS
of Madame de 1» Peltrie, a volunteer from the hauU nobU„, of I^ormandv
and suppoi.ad by Anne of Austria and the devotion of the DucIS
• 'i j
'I
W Detaiption of the PugeantM
«.„n?i!*fV*"*^''J??..°' the citiMM Of Quebec when the Utt'e vessel
rounded the point of Orleans. Montmagny, the Governor Bent his b1«»
m viceregal state to welcome the woma^ whom Bo^T^ ™ to c^
was to call the Sle. Th6ri>e de I'Amirique. The Go^^or him!Sf FathSS
t)Tf^nZi ^ J«'^^M»rtial Piraulx^rnd the citisens of QuSS tbS'nS
The_hard8hips endured by the first Ursulines cannot be recorded here
Surrounded by the menace of the wilderness, asbailed brtbTravW^f
ZlS^^Vi':''^. *** discouragement of diis^ faS, of wT^ o
^aaI' ^ '°?''}^ T" «1»**^°«^ °'^y ^y the indomitable perseverance
and devotion of the founders. Hdre Marie de 1'Incar.ation^ «^
wlS,^'?"'/^"* !""• '^ ^"'"'^ Kirls beneath a primevj^^
which stood for two centuries as a monument to her lea^. BeneaththMs
spreading branches she told the story of "Him who madfS thinS^
^J^JtlT ■"i.*^ "PP*' ^°^J ''""t t° »•«» 8«>"°d on a bitterW^id
midwinter's mght, arose again from ite ashes. Throughout tlwtfcr^n
colony and the Iroquois scourged the land Uke^the plague itself X) de-
-K te SL™T '^T^ the wavering inhabitLT staveS' the c.^
rtSS li?w«f i" ^*"°''J?" '"r* throughout the stricken colony, a^
stood between a discourand people and apparent ruin. ^'
«,n, T^* subsequent hfe ol the UreuUnes at Quebec forms one of the most
romantic chapters m Canadian history. The UreuUne convent p^
SrS Z^'^ff '°"f. "'«^- '^'>« "»"'» «' the BriUsffiu? o? m5
J^und" "^hI" Wo«.^*Sn ^^'^ "°''**'*''" ^'' »'™«d ^ the shdl-toS
S?a„Ui„ ;5 fS n ^?? I™®F^ ■•™*"' ^M Pwached by the Anidlcan
nb^l^ PK -^i" ^"^"^ **«','^P- Within tueie walb are reUra froK
time of Christ and bis aposUes to the martyrdoms in centoal ChiTof a
few years ago. No community has such intimate human UnlolrtththS
S^ve- ye'tfcs linked'^ "**^ ""' ^ ^°°^?'" was^ofeS^Tnto iS
m.n tlk^ ' . , '^'t'* °" °*° day, on the one hand, by a Uvina
Z. ^y..^"*- ^w'^'i^ y'*f". '^th her in the cloister; while on the S
she 18 hnked with Champlain, whose ter-centenary we kre celebrating
through another nun, GeneviAvede Boucherville Wh(»B fiSLr wm h^™
till the lifetime of Welhngton. From the time when Murray made his
headquarters in ther convent, and the nuns knitted loninrtocSS for
Uje riighlanders during the bitter winter of 1759-1760^ tWSSui^hava
been the friends of every Governor, and have been visitiS^by evarTnTem!
ber of the Royal FamUy that ever Mt foot in Canada!^ ^ ^
HI8T0MCAL PERSONAGES.
M. DB MoNntAOlfT.
.■sSSSl^S'SS^-^
M. <kla
Chatsau-
Mire Mtrie dc L'lncknuition
Fint Supcriortn of ih< Unuliiw
Convent
Madwnc Dc la Pehrie
Foundran of ih< Unulinc
Convmi. Qnboc
View of the Fira Unuliiw Convent
Vww of the General Hotpiial
From oM Enravin*
Mkdwne Bourgcayi
FounAm of i)w Con^nt.
■wn of Ville M«n
The Duchra OAiguillon
FoHndfow of hteitl D«
OwWc
Tht I.Ktndkni Tklon
U Skl't
EKplarar ol ih< Mil
C«»wt
De$cnj)tioH of the Pageanta
31
Cai«m« ami /nAaM(all((^-JMnBo1IIdc», Jean Guyon, Simon Ouyon.DeniaOuToii
ChevmUer DelWe, Nicolas Mattolet, OBvier le T^wdif , Jean Piul Godf roy, Robert GiJ/aid
Charlea Giffard, Fmn^oia Aubert. La Treille, Charles Dumarehe, Martin Lamarehe
Martin Grouvel, PhiUppe Asiyot, Charlea Sevestre, Etienue Severtre, Jean CAM, Jacques
Sevestre, Ibnn Boucher, No«l LangloU, Robert Luglois, Gaspard Boucher, Kerre
Boucher, Nicdas Boucher, Zaehatie Ooutier. Jean Cloutier, Charles Cloutier, Robert
Drouin, Thomas Giroux.
yMutU.— Father BartheMmy Vimwit, Father Joseph Ponoet de la Rjvidre, Father
Pierre Josepfc Mane Chaumonot.
VrtuUnet, Afufw.— Mothsr Marie de I'lncamation, Marie de St. Joseph, Ste. Croix.
HoKpitaliira, ATun*.— Mother Marie Guenet de St. Ignace, Mother Anne le Cointre
de St. Bernard, Marie Forestier de St. Bonaventure, Madame de la Peltiie, Melle Barri.
Ladia and Peatant IFomen.-— Jacqueline Potel (wife of Jean Bourdon), Madeline
Boul« (wife of Jean Guvon), Marie Langlois (wife of Jean Juchereau), Marie Renouard
(wife of Robert Giffard), Anne Fauconnier (wife of Francois Aubert), Anne Dupuia
(wife of Jean Sauva«et), Jeanne Sauvaget (maiden), Melle Duchesne, Mathurine Robin
(wife of Guyon) Maisuerite Aubert (wife of Martin Grouvel), Anne Convent
(wife of Philippe Amyot), Marie nchon (wife of Charles Sevestre), Manuerita Petit Fka
(wife of Etienne Sevestre), Anne Martin (wife of Jean C6t«), F6rinne Malet (wife of
Marin Boucher), Frangoise Orenier (wife of No«l Luiglois), NiccOe Lemaire (wife of
Gaspard Boucher), M a ddina Boucher (maidoi), Xaintes Oupont (wife of Zaoharie
Cloutier).
CAOdmi.'— Mathieu Amyot, Jean Geneien Amyot, Jean Juebenau, Nicolas Juch-
ereau, Noel Juchereau, Genevieva Juchereau, Barbe Guyon, Jean Guyon, Simon Guyon
Bjbrie Guyon, Claude Guyon, Denis Guyon, Michel Quyoa, Louis ddt«, Marie Gidard.
Charles Giffard, Fiancoiae Giffard, Fran^oiae Boucher, Jean Genden Boucher, Robert
Lansloiii, Madeleine Boucher, Pierre Boucher, Marie Boucher, Marxuerite Boucher
Nicolas Boucher. Zaeharie aoutier, Jean Cloutier, Caiariet Cloutier, Louise Cloutier'
/nne Cloutier.
THIRD PAQBANT
1639. — MiRB Marie de l'Incarnation beaches Quebec with the
Ursuunes and Jesuits and re received by the (Sovebnor, Huault
DE MoNTlfAONT, KnIGRT OF IIaLTA.
Great progress has been made in Quebec sinoe Champlain built his
Abilatim. Soldiers in the fort give an air of importance to the place, and
the Governor is always attended by a military escort. Father Le Jeune
says " We have a number of good, resolute soldiers. It is a pleasure to
see them go through their military exercises in time of peace, and to hear
the sound of musketry and cannons called forth by occasions of joy, while
o\iT immense forests and mountains answer these salutes with echoes
like rolling thunder. The bugle awakens us every morning; we see the
sentinek take their post; the guard ia well armed, and each squad has
ite day of duty. Quebec is guarded in time of peace as a well-regulated
post in time of war."
On the landing place at Quebec on Aupst Ist, a little company gathers
to meet the women who have give-: theu' lives to New France in order
that they may teach Christianity to the heathen. Of the 250 settlers,
nearly all are present. The Governor, the Sieur de Montmagny, succes-
sor to Champlam, is attended by a small retinue of soldiers attired in all
the splendor they can muster. Near by are the missionaries, forming,
m their black robes, and broad brimmed hats, a striking contrast
to the gaily attired soldiers. The seven delicate women have been buf-
fetted for more than two months by wind and storm in their voyage across
the Atlantic, and at last, to the booming of cannon, they come u>rth " from
Third
Pageant
32
Deteriptton of the Pageanta
m
their floating priaona as frwih, says Le Jeune, "as when they left
their homes, the vast ocean, with its billows and tempests, not having
harmed them in the lease." In a transport of joy they fall upon their
knees and kiss the soil of their new country, taking possession of it "in
the name of Charity." Then, headed by the pious Governor, they go in
procession to the little church to thank God for their preservation. On
their way Madame de la Peltrin stops to kiss all the little red skins
that she meets, and Mother Marie de 1' Incarnation cannot restrain
her joy, but gathers round her the little mountaineer children to whom she
is to teach " the sweet stories of old."
HiBTOBiCAi. Notes on the Fourth Paqeamt.
The most glorious feat of arms of the hercnc times of New France was
accomplished by DoUard, Sieur des Ormeaux, in the very year in which
the Iroquois had resolved to exterminate the colony.
In the spring of 1660 these savages collected an army of eight hundred
choaen warriors with tue intention <^ capturing Quebec, Three lUvers and
Montreal.
At this alarming juncture a young officer of twenty-five, Adam DoUard,
Sieur dee Ormeaux, commanding Fort Villemarie, offered, with sixteen
companions, to meet the foe, hoping that their audacity would frighten
the Iroquois. To these seventeen FVenchmen were added forty Hurons,
commanded by Anohotaha, a celebrated leader, and six Algonquins under
Chief Mitiwemeg, in all mxty-four men.
The vaUant little band arrived on May Ist at the foot of the Lonp-
Sault, on the Ottawa, dght or ten leagues from Montreal, and camped in
an entrenchment ccmstructed the {Mrevious year by the Algonquins, and
drfended chiefly by stakes. DoUard decided hoe to await the Iroqu<Hs,
as they must of necessity pass by it on thor return from the hunt; and the
Frenchmen fortified the place as best they could by means of a teeastwrark
of earth, trees and stones, intersected bv loop-holee for their muskets.
Hardly was the work completed when the enemy advanced to the
assault. After long and desperate fighting the Iroqucus at last carry the
palisade, and practically hold the position. In this extremity,
DoUard loads a large musketoon to the muule and Ughts the fuse
intending to throw it, Uke a grenade, among the enemy. UnfOTtunately
the weapon struck a branch, fell back, and discharged its contents amongst
the French. At the same time the Iroquois everywhere broke through,
and then foUowed a hand-to-hand fight as short as it was bloody. The
battle became a butchery, and in a quarter of an hour the carnage was over.
DoUard, Anohotaha and Mitiwemeg were dead, but at what a cost to the
Iroquois.
Frightened by so murderous a defence by seventeen Frenchmen, the
Iroquois abandoned their assault on Quebec, Three-Rivers and Montreal,
and the defendws' heroism saved the colony. Without their devotion and
voluntary martyrdom all Canada would have relapwd into the darkness of
paganism and barbarity, and Christian civiUsation would have had to
make a fresh bennning in the country.
On June 3, 1660, the abb* Souart, cur6 of Villemarie, now Montreri,
entered on the death register of the parish, the names of DoUard and his
companions in arms. This is the only document which preserves their
fame.
M
a^
f^
r
v. ■
11
n
If
\
Thii Tablet is wt up on the <itc of the Sauk wi Mucloc
Barricade
Spot where Montgomery Fell on Champlain St.
DeBoription of the PagearUt
33
In his history of the French Colony of Canada, the abM Faillon
first published this glorious record, an act of national gratitude worthy of
imitation: —
Adkin DoUard, Sieur de* Ormekux,
Commander.
Jaequa Bianier.
Jean Tavemier, dit La Hoohetiire.
Nicolas Tiilemont.
Laurent Hubert dit La Riviire.
Alonie de Lestrei.
Nicolas Josaelin.
Robert Jurfe.
Jacques B<H8aeau dit Cognao.
IjOuis Martin.
Christopbe Augier, dit Desjardios.
Etienne Robin, dit Desfoigee.
Jean Valets.
Bent Doussue, Sieur de Sainte-Cteile.
Jean Lecomte.
Simon Genet.
Francis Creeson dit Pilote.
To the names of these seventeen heroes it is only fair to add those of
Anohotaha, and Mitiwemeg, the Huron and Algonquin chiefs, who re-
mained loyal to the French, and with them died on the field of battle.
Notes on thu Wab Dancb.
A number of males and females of the village assemble together and designate
their manner of goiiv to war, of waiting to ensnare their enemy and of returning with
the captives which they were supposed to have surprised. The instrument used m the
dance was a calabash called "cmchioouA" which is swung in the hand to mark the
cadence for the voices and the movements. They are strangers to melodies in their
songs, being totally imacquainted with music. This syllables which they must use, are
Yo, We and Ya, these they invariably repeat, beating time with their bands and feet.
The daneen move their limbs but a little way from the ground.
The war dance is performed by the whole company in turn, all but the actor being
seated on the ground m a circular figure. He moves from right to left in the dance,
singing at the same time his own exploits, and those of his ancestors. At the conclusion
of the narration of each warlike feat, he gives a blow with a club, on a post planted in
the centre of the circle near to certain persons, who beat time on pieces of banc, or on a
kettle covered with a dressed skin.
In this pantomimical dis|da^, he explains what he has witnessed in expeditions
against the enemy, without omittipf^ any of the circtunstances. They who are present
at this recital rise in a body, and jom in the dance; and without any previous concert
or preparation, exhibit these actions with as much vivacity as if they had actually
assisted in them. They thus delineate with considerable animation, and a multiplicity
of gestures, any occurrence which they have witnessed, (dacing it in a certain d^ree
before the eyes of the spectator; an art in which some of their orators have acquired an
astonishing degree of perfection. During the intervals of song, frequent distributions
of tobacco, and of other articles, are made among the guests, and the whole ceremony
generally ooneiudes by an immediate partition and consumption of the remainder.
Notes on the Dibcovebt Dance.
The di»eovery dance is a natural representation of what passes in a war expedition,
and the principal object of those engaged in it is to search for an opportimity of sur-
prising their supposed enemies. It is practised by only two persons at a time, who
represent the departure of the warriors, their march, and encampments. They go forth
to descry the enemy, they make approaches in toe most clandestine and concealed
manner, stop as if to breathe, then ofa sudden blaze forth into anger, as if they intended
to destroy everjr one within their reach. The paroxjrsm of fury being somewhat ex-
hausted they seise on one of the company present, as if he were a prisoner of war, and
pretond to break his head and strip on his scalp. The principal actor then runs a short
distance, and abruptly stops whra his passion seems to subside, and his intellect to
resiune its ordinaiy state of composure. This stage of the exhibition represents th»
retrttt, made at first with rapidity, and afterwards with more leisure. He expresses
by different cries the various degrees of elevation to which his courage was raised during
toe campaign, and finishes with a recital of the valorous deeds which he achieved.
When It IS resolved to engase in any particular dance, a person is sent around the
village, to give notice to each cabin or family, which deputes one or two of its members
to be present. In the eentie of the place where the duce is to be held, a small scaffold
34
Deteription of A$ PtigeonU
Fourth
Pageant
is pmparad whera a bench \» plaeed for the ringeia. One hoM« a Mnd of drum, another
a ehiehioou<, or the skeleton of a tortoiie filled with pebble*. Whilst they sing and
make a noise with these instruments, thev are joined by the speotaton, who strike with
sticks against posts and kettles, or driea pieces of bark which they hold before them.
The danoeis turn in a circuitous figure without jcnning hands, each making different
gestures with his arms and legs, and, although, perhaps, none of the movements are
similar, but whimsical, and according to caprice, yet the cadence is never violated.
They follow the voices of the singers by the continued enunciation of " He, he" which is
concluded by a general cry of approbation still more elevated.
FOURTH PAQEANT
1660. — Adah Doi.lard, Sieub des Ormeaux, and his coupanions in
ARMS AT Long Sault keep the fort aqalvst the Iroquois.
The whole population is in terror at the uprising of the Iroquois, who
with the most appalling deeds of barbarism and cruelty are devastating
the country as far as Montreal and Quebec. At this juncture the heroism
of a few youths diverts the storm of war and saves Canada from
ruin. Adam DoUard (or Daulac) is a young man of good family, who
came to the colony three years ago at the age of 22. He has held some
military command in France, and it is said that he has been involved
in some affair which makes him anxious to wipe out the memory of the past
by a noteworthy exploit. He has been for some time among the young
men of Montreal, inviting them to join him in the enterprise he meditates.
Sixteen of them have caught his spirit, struck hands with him and pledged
their word. They have bound themselves to receive no quarter, and have
made their wills, confessed and received the sacrament. They have been
implored to remiun till the Spring sowing is over, but have reused. The
spirit of the enterprise is purely medieeval. The enthusiasm of honor, the
enthusiasm of adventure, the enthusiasm of faith are its motive forces.
Dollard is a knight of the early crusades among the forests and savages of
the New World.
Among the bushes and stumps stands a palisade fort, the work of an
Algonquin war party in the past autumn. It is a mere enclosure of small
trees, planted in a circle; but such as it is the Frenchmen take possession
of it. They make their fires, sling the'r kettles and are joined by some
friendly Hurons and Algonquina. Though scarcely trusting their allies,
the Frenchmen make no objection to their company and they all bivouac
together. They pray in three different tongue^ nd while at sunset the
long reach of forest on the farther shore basks i jfully in the level rays,
the rapids join their distant music to the not' • the evening hymn.
Dollard has set men in ambush at a point ■ Lere he thinks the enemy
may be espied, and as canoes with Iroquois approach they are met with a
volley, and fly to inform their main body, who are camping further down
the river. A fleet of canoes suddenly appears and the Iroquois warriors
come bounding towards the little fort. The allies escape into the stockade
leaving their kettles still slung over the fires. The Iroquois make a hasty
and desultoiy attack and are quickly repulsed. They then open a parley.
Y o\ in^ to gain some advantage by surprise. Meanwhile the allies strength-
en their defence and, among the Iroquois, a song of war is raised. Painted
in a fantastical manner, and earring javelins, bows and arrows, and muskets,
tl-ey prepare for a war dance. The Chief, who elevates the hatchet, has his
View of Qycbcc in 1759
^~'' --"*le
Plui of Quebec in 1663
Cap Rouge, where Briiiih Fleet Anchored. 1759
C i'ld Butery. Rear Wall of Laval Univcrsily lo the right
Breakneck Steps
eLittle Champlain Street
The Calechc — A favorite with the tourists
DueripHoH of tKe Pageanit
35
face, shoulders and breast blackened with charcoal. Having stug for a
time, he raises his voice and signifies to all his asnstants that he offera a
sacrifice to the god of war, whom he thus addresses: —
"I invoke thee, that thou wouldst be favourable to my enterprise and
have compassion upon me and my tribe. I likewise supplicate all the good
and evil spirits, those who inhabit the air, who perambulate and who pene-
trate the earth, to preserve me and my party, and to grant, that after a
prosperous journey we may return to our own country." The whole <rf
the assembly replies by "hoi hoi" and accompanies, with these reiterated
exclamations, all the vows which it forms and all the prayers which it offers.
The chief raises the war-song and begins the dance by striking a
vessel with his club; at different periods of the song all join in chorus by
enouncing the syllables "he, he. Every person who elevates the signal
of war, strikes the vessel in turn and dances in the same manner.
Before the allies have finished strengthening their defence the Iroquois
have recommenced the attack, and kindle bark and rush to pile it blazing
agunst the palisade. But they are met by a steady fire and again fall
back. Many are left on the ground, the Chief of the Senecas among them,
and the savage allies dashing out cut off the heads of a chieftain and others
of the slun and stick them on the palisade, while the Iroquois howl in frenzy
of rage. The Hurons among tbem shout to their countrymen in the
camp, who, one, two or three at a time, climb the palisade and run over to
the enemy among the hootings and execrations of the deserted.
Then the Iroquois advance cautiously, screeching, leaping from side
to side and firing as they come on. Every loophole darts tongues of fire
from heavy musketoons and muskets. The Iroquois fall back discomfited,
some of them are for returning home, others object, saying to return
would be a disgrace.
Then the principal chief gathers bundles oi sticks and places them
in the earth in ordw calling each by the name of some warrior, a few
— taller th.in the rest — representing subordinate chiefs. Thus he indicates
the position which each is to hold at the battle. All gather about and
attentively study the sticks, ranged like a child's wooden soldiers, or the
pieces on a chessboard; then with no furthw instruction they form their
ranks.
Covered by large and heavy shields made by lashing together three
plit logs with cross-bars, the band advances, followed by a motley throng
of warriors. They reach the palisade in spite of fire and crouching below
range of shot hew furiously with hatchets to cut their way through. The
rest follow closely, swarming i;':» angry hornets about the fort, hacking and
tearing to get in. Dollard has a large musketoon plugged with powie up
to the muzzle ; he lights the fuse and tries to throw it over thi barri' to
burst like a grenade, but it strikes the ragged top of the palisac-^ and ug
back with a loud report, creates terrible havoc among the Frfnc nm«»n. There
is great confusion and the Iroquois reaching the loopht -, thrust in their
guns and fire on those within. A breach is made in the palisade, but the
few survivors keep up the fight with the sword and knife in hand, fightin?'
the mass of ene.nies with the fury of madmen, till thr Iroquois, despairing
of taking them alive, fire volley after volley, st otii them down. Then
there arises a burst of triumphant yells. All is ver
The bodies of the Frenchmen are burnt in he ort; while "Koay" is
cried sharply and triumphantly by the Imiiauo i<>: iheii own victorious
38
De$eriptim of the Pageantt
^ .
dead. To the beat of drums the train moves off uttering plaintive and
mournful sounds and bearing the bodies of the dead in procession, with
their trophies elevated on poles.
Historical Nona on the Fifth Pageant.
By a royal warrant dated November, 1663, Alexandre de Prouville,
Marquis de Tracy, was created Lieutenant-General for Louis XIV, of all
the French possessions in North America, " with power over all the generals,
lieutenant-generals and all other officers both civil and military." Tracy
had grown old in the service of the King. As a lieutenant-general in t he
French army and commissary-general of the army in Germany, he had
given many proofs of bravery in the field, of prudence in council, and of
wisdom in delicate neeotiation. The King in investing him with the widest
powers, assigned tr .1 as a body-guard four companies of infantry bearing
the colours of the royal guards, and fitted out for his use two ships of war,
the Briti and the Tenon, which sailed in company with a fleet laden
with supplies and ammunition.
The Marquis de Tracy, with many noblemen in his brilliant suite,
left Rochelle on February 26, 1664, for Cayenne, which had recently been
eeided again to France by the government of Holland. Two months were
spent in the voyage and in re-establishing French domination in Guade-
loupe, Martinique and St. Dominica. Tracy then sailed north for the
St. Lawrence. His flagship, the Brizi, was moored at Perc4, where two
ships were fitted out to conduct him to Quebec with his suite and the four
companies of infantry bearing the royal colours. The members of the
Conteil Souvtrain sent a royal galley from Quebec to meet him ; the citizens
had prepwed a royal welcome. Tracy landed at Quebec in June, 1669,
amidst acclamations of the populace such had never been equalled in
he annals of New France. He was escorted to the portals of the church,
where Mgr. de Laval, at the head of his clergy, received him with solemn
eeremony. Tracy was conduct etl to the chancel, where a prte-ZXeu had
been prepared for him. The humble marquis, however, declined the
proffered distinction and knelt Uke the lowliest of his fellow worshippws
on the bare floor of the church.
A ft Deum "with organ and music," says a men.oir of the period,
was sung, and the prelate conducted the Lieutenant-General with the
same cer^^iuny to the ChAteau St. Louis, where the colonial authorities
paid him their respects.
Previous to M. de Tracy's arrival at Quebec, a ship sent out direct
from France had landed four companies of t he Carignan-S allures regiment.
It was a new and wonderful spectacle to the Frenchmen brought up in
the country to see five or six hundred regular troops, preceded by martial
music, march under 1 heir colours and manceuvre with a precision un-
dreamed of in Canada. The veterans of the Caripan regiment had recently
returned to France from the campaign in HungaiY, where they had
distinguished themselves against the Turks. Most of the officers were
drawn from the nubility; and many of the rank and file established
themselves among their old comranions-in-anns in the $eigneurit$ of
Quebec, when the regiment was disbanded.
The Marquis de Tracy's household was a nevei^nding subject of
admiration for the Canadians. When he issued forth in the city streets
MAISONNEUVE MONUMENT. MomtmI
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Deaeription of the Pageants jy
he was preceded by four pages and twenty-five guards bearing the royal
colours; 8.x lackeys foHowed him, and many officers escorted him, having
at their head the Chevaher Chaumont , Captain of the Guards. The IndlaSf
were dumfounded by such magnificence, which surpassed their wildest
imaginations and a doaen of the most influential men among the Hurons
were sent to tender to the Viceroy the warmest of welcomes
FIFTH PAGKANT-1865— PERSONAGES REPRESENTED.
MoR. on Lavai,: —
focferiodtci.-— Henri de Bemiirea, Father JirAme lAlenuuit Tv>iii« An^ /i. u.:
G.nu« (J«uit) Father LouU' fii^^J^SSTt^S^^uLriN^ (faSo GiU?
Jean Oaude AUoue» (Jesuit) Father Jacquee Frtiin (Jeeuit) FktW oSSi Alhi^i
te^'l» tin L.'BU^'terU''""^^ ftther (S^iTM^t' (jSTJS cSbrid
a» vjueyiue, Jean Us Bey, Gabnel Souart (Sutpieuui), Dominique GaUnier (Sulpician).
Marquis db Tbact: —
Chevalier de Ctoumont, M. de CourodlM, Intandant M. TWon. M de
Uuion^Jhaniy, M. de Brrtonvimei., Sieur de BrigST^M. DoUier^e oLon
M. de Maiionneuve. Henri Brnuk, Sieur de Fomainvito Mtre cSrf. ?I ru!^.
toBe«^ Ajent of tie Wert I„di« Comp^iyxTFrS^dTAoSiSl »^r d^ cS^
ril!°^ ^ i^l- *"" *» M*rt^vaii PrudiTAlettSre de V^^ M^^
Chambly, M. deSalampart, Sieur deGa., M.'de Soi«l, M. cUUrole, M. dtlSiUgni.
CAXIONAN-SALlkRIS Rl»mENT AND OmCEM OF TM CoLOlfT —
n,«„2T.''S„^K''*'*!' ^^', Cpntre^SUf. B«by de Ranville, Tarieu de Lanaodiiw
v°^iL ^ VaU *w aunt.-Den», Btcancourt, lidardeur, AbW DubSST^pf^ne 1.
^^ Captam Mwimin. CapUin Uubia, Captain limX, Ci^tSn jK~SM^db
T^^»r olEl^ ^"'f '^ dXndigny de dranSfontaine, CapUinX^ij'TSuiS
jlrtX^l!^^; r.* .^".t ""r*'" **• CiMkufay, Paul Dupuia (ensign), Ftmnooii
i!.Tj . Ji?*'**"'J^PH'." **"• <*• St. Our., FiBB>i«Polletde la Combe PtocatS.
SfciJr'l te'^i. ■ "• *f?"".' ?*" .""'T' •'S?'"" ^-badie («^aLt^LaS,4S&^;
^ 9»^^2.?^ J*"~"' ^'"S ^'°'"« Pecaudy de Contreciur^Ckptai.n FranoSli
fL^^'a? f'V ^""S?" 5^~"1A"",* »i*-*-«»mp). Captain kroSont. (SStSS
Ch^iSt^ l^n-^^'ii^'T a'*~!^J ■'??'"?• ^ B«'i C«Ptem * U Tour, .\ii3S. d«
ui Xl Vlnrasntd'Abadie Sieur de St. Cartin, S«baatini da Villieu, Claude te BMiar
iteurd. DaudewUe, Plen» de St. Paul de U Moita-Lu.«er, Pierre BtorVdtoGra^uJ:
CrrmNs: —
Pierre DaudonnMu, Jean aer\ai9e, Jea i L-mercier, Jean de Baaet Louis Loiiel
liZ^.l'fe'Sf::i!:'**'S?^^'^."~f*'^"'^°"'»0««rt'^^ J"""*, ilathurin
Fli^» 'ii-J^*u*l"'.2^'~'". *^'^' '^»' Theory, Fnnfois Hertel Sieur dala
FreniAre, Francois Marie Perrot, Louis de Naio, Jean Laiunonier:
La dibs: —
ivrri'*?^^^"*'!'' ^& """"'"' Madame Loisel. Claude da ChevminvilJe Maria
dc TSiutSS^f^f' ^i *^''/ "i^"" Etieaae, 'Madame das Orm«M, Mdto
cL.LrinIT! hit?'* S*"^,?' '*S.*f»'i°'*"- »«"'g«erite Reina Denys de la RondT
™^ Fmn«i,2^'Lt*'»2?H^'A^''', "Sr- •'T!? CouiUarf, Maririe GardlT <£
Haut'prTBSu ^j^' *'"**'^^« Juchereau, Marie Toupin, JklaiKuerile le Merie de
Ftfch
38 DeBeriplion of Ike Pageants
FIFTH PAQEANT
MONBEIONEUB DE LaVAL CEBEMONIALLT RECEIVES THE LlEUTENANT-
General or Kino Louis XIV, the Mabqxtis de Tract.
All Quebec ia on the ramparts: above floats a broad white standard
with the fleurs-de-h t of France. The cannon roar and answer pro-
oUdming the arrival of the King's Lieu tenant-General. The regiment of
Carignan-Sfdidres, lately arrived from France, with their slouched hats
and plumes, their bandoliers and shouldered firelocks, march to war-
like music beneath their Royal colors.
Below, on the river, the new Lieutenant-General has put in on a barge
covered with red cloth, the signal for the discharge of cannon and the
ringing of bells. In the meanwhile, the strains of an organ steal out on
the air, and the procession of ecclesiastics, all the clergy of Quebec, in alb,
cope and dalmatic, comes into view. First a priest carrying a silver
crucifix on high, and two priests with lighted tapers on either hand.
Then, surrounded by acolytes with swinging censers of fragrant incense,
comes the stately figure of the great Monseigneur de Laval, arrayed in
pontifical vestments, bearing a great croiier in his hand.
Under a canopy borne by ecclesiastics, and saluted by artillery, he
makes his way to meet the officer of the King. The Marquis de Tracy,
tall and portly, clothed in a led suit ornamented with abundance of
gold lace, has at his side the Chevalier de Chaumont and a throng of
young nobles gorgeous in lace, ribbons and leonine locks. He is re-
oetved by the Sovereign C!ouncil, and the Procureur G4n6ral addresses him
in an eloquent speech, to which he answers very concisely. The cannon
give a general salute and the sound of music never ceases. Then he
reaches the Vicar Apostolic, kneeling to kiss his hand and the crucifix
which is held for him by a priest. Laval addresses a short welcome
to the Lieutenant-General, and they proceed through lines of men-at-
arms, drawn from the burgesses, as far as the cathedral. The guards of
the Governor, with shouldered firearms, bearing the King's colours lead
the way. They seem to have brought sunshine Irom the court of France.
On the way twelve Indian chieftains specially welcome the Governor,
laying their bows and arrows at his feet.
"At thy feet," sajrs the Huron, "thou seest the debris of a great land
and the pitiable remains of a whole world, at one time peopled by an
infinite number of inhabitants. These are merely the skeletons which
speak to thee. The Iroquois has devoured their flesh, has burned them
on the pyre and has left but their bones. There remains to us no more
than a thread of life; our members which have passed through the boiling
cauldrons had no longer any vigour, when, raising our eyes, we of a sudden
perceived on the river those ships which have brought thee and thy brave
soldiers to our land."
So, while the people shout and the Indians stare, the bells riiw in
a frenxy of welcome, and they make t heir way to the church from which
is heard the sound of the organ and the chant of a great Te Deum.
A view of the North-weu pan of the City of Quebec in 1761.
■*« 'V.-.'u?'.:,
~0^-
Vww of the Caihcdrai and Jewiti Collc|c. IJtl
' i 6
Pvlianwnt Building!, Quebec. 1408.
View from Pvli«nent BuiMmci, Quebec, ItOI.
Deserijition of Ae^PageatUs 30
UN X3UR L'ENVr MA PRB DE DESERTER OE FRANCE
W pv — ler
v-ti - ti:
C'i - lak ' pour
Un jour I'en vi' n^pru (bis) lis Tont pru, ila I'emmftnent, (bis)
ne dterter de fnuice. Cart k la Place d'Armea.
Dana men ohemm j'ai raioontri Lui ont band< les yeux
Ha ehatmante beaut«; Avec un mouchoir blanc ....
Je me iuia arrtM; Je me aula ient;
C«ta»t pour lui pirier. U belle eat nna amaot! . . . .
* • * *
—From Qagnoo, C'Aontm* Pojtutain* du Canada, p. 168.
-VfJi^T^ifi-
TE OEUM
MB ItDg^. MM Cm
HtSTOBicAL Notes on the Sixtb Paqeant.
a;^}^ ^ ^'^ \?^° *^'*° '1'^**°' Intendant of New Prance, had charged
Simon Francou Daumont, Sieur de Saint-Lusson, to twarch for copiw
3^^."" ^.i^.u'*"" ""* *? **''• poweemon in the name d the Kim
of l>>anoe of atl the countoy about the inland aeaa
,„.„»t!''^ '? ^''l,^®^^' ^^^'^ ^" SMn*^!-*™©!! turned from hia winter
quarters on Ufcp kuron towards Sault Sainte-Marie. Fourteen tribe*
kJV '^ *^ * *>'"»«1'««^ '«•««« responded to the summons to attend
♦h! r^k'^'T """"ony ever observed west of the St. Lawrence. On
!h. £S ftLi^' "^ * r!4 "^ ••^'^ overlooking the Indian village at
the Sault, 8amt-Luason planted a cross and raised the arms of Pranie.
FrMtB?'!!^ ^^f *-^ "'^ °^ Monseipeur the Intendant of New
rranoe, says Bamt-Luason m his rec«d of this memor^le occasion, " we
! ;
I. . 1
I
40 Dt$erifihoH of tkt PagtanU
proceeded immediately to the country of the Ottawa, Nes-Percte, nUnda
and other Indian nations discovered and to be discovered in North America,
towards Lake Superior, at Her Douce, to search for mines of all lands,
'^wcially copper, and, moreover, to take possession, in the name of the
^'.ag, M all the country, inhabited or not inhabited, through which we
should pass, planting, in the first village, the cross, which will bring fOTth
fruits 01 Christianity, and the escutcheon of France to assert the auth(»ity
of lus Maiesty and the French domination. And, in order that no one
may plead ignorance, we have attached on the back of the arms of France
an extract m our pr e nen t minutes of the taking possession, signed by us
and the following persons who were present.
"Made at Sainte-lbrie du Sault (to-day aaalt-8t»-Karie) in the pnwnoe of the
Reverend Fkthen Claude d'Abloa, Superior of the MiaioD* in that part of the country ;
Qabtid Dnuillettei, Claude Allouei, Andr<, all of the Society of Jeam, of Sieur Nieotaa
Perrot, Hie llajeatf a Interpreter in this part of the country, of Sieur ixiuis JoUiet (the
diacoverer of the HiMiari(^),of Jacques Mograa, inhabitant of Three Riven, of Pierre
Moreau, Sieur de la Tounne, soldier of the Qarriaon at the Chateau de Quibee, of Denis
Masai, of Francois de Catavignv, Sieur de la Chevrottitee, of Jacques Joviel, of Pierre
Porteret, of Robert Diq>rat, oi Vital Driol, of Qmllaume Bonhomme and other wit-
(Sgned) DAUMONT DE SAINT-LUSSON.
The other witnesses were the Indian chiefs who had signed the
minutes of proceedings by means of figures of rximals, totems of their
tribes.
Nicholas Perrot reports that some representatives of other nations
arriving afterwards aclmowledged also the King of France as their sov-
oreign and protectee. He says also tha; Messieurs JoUiet, Mogras, Moreau,
Man£, Chavigny, La^llier, Maysdre, Dupuis, Bibaud (or Bidaud), Joviel,
Porteret, Duprat, Dnol and Bonhomme, present at the ceremony of the
14th of June, were some Frenchmen who were then in that locality en-
gaged in trade. "This" (the taking possession), he adds, "was executed
according to the instructions given by M. Talon. ... All these nations
went back to their separate homes and lived many years without any
trouble on either side." ("Louis JoUiet," by E. Gagnon, p. 23.)
On this subject Bacqueville de la Potherie, in his "Histoire de VA-
mirique Seplentnonale," relates the following facts: —
"The sub-delegate (Saint-Lusson) attached to the post a plate of
iron, on which the tu-ms of the King were painted. He made a procis-
verlHal, which he caused all the Indian chiefs to sign with the marks of
their tribe — some a beaver, others an otter, a sturgeon, a deer or a moose.
Other instruments were drawn up, which were signed only by the French-
men present at the ceremony. A copy was cunningly slipt between the
wood and the plate, but it remained there but a short time, for the French
had barely left when the Indians unnailed the plate, throw the procii-
verbal in the fire, attached the arms of the King once more, fearing that
Ihi* wrilina mi^ be a sorcery which would cause the death of all those
who would inhabit ca resort to this place.
" ' Thriee, in a loud voice and by ptMic cry,' relates Saint-Lusson, 'in
the name of the most high, most potent and mighty monarch Louis
XlVth of the name, most Christian King of France and of Navarre, we
took posseosion of the said place Sainte-Marie du Sault, and also of lake
Huron and Superior, the island of Caientotoa (now Manltoulin) and of all
the othor countries, rivers,lakes,contiguous and adjacent, those discovered
Mgr. Bigin.
ArchbnlMp of Qutbcc
The Basilica. C^bec
Qurtn
Mgr. Marois. V.C.
U'-^ i-
.dl » all their lo^S ^diSh-^^/Sf ^ '^ 5™."^ "* "
-w?-i««biy i„di«. „ .yi'r;ffis,'« ftLsi'^"™* ""
T. ^^^ pjj teK?.£ti£ ^^ - ^
PERSONAQEa
I— Officebb.
l^umOTt de 8«int-LuaBon, Chief.
JoUi>t* *'^' ^**^'«*«' «>' f* Kirw
II — JmuIT FATREBa.
Claude d'Ablon, Superior
Gabriel DreuiUettea,
Claude Allouex
Aiidr«.
Ill— Ftk Tbad«m a.vd CoLONisn.
J^ueaMogna,
rierre Morwu,
DeniaJfaaa*,
Fraavoi* de Chavigny,
Jaequea LagiUicr,
Jean Mayser<,
Nicolas Dupuis,
Franpoia Bibaull,
Jacques Joviel,
Pierre Porteret,
Ribert Oupmt,
Vital Driol,
Guillaume Bonhonune.
IV — ImiAM Tuaa.
(Present or represented).
N>z-Percei,
iJiinoi?,
Athipois
Malitinccns,
Noiiiu't)!,
BaiiabAiiiiks,
Makomiteks,
PouJteattemis,
Oumalominis,
Sb s m nnt iouacottons.
Maacouttins,
OuttouKmmis,
Christines,
Aasinopoala,
Aumoussoimites,
Outaouois,
Bouacouttons,
Niacaks,
Masquikoukioeks.
SIXTH PAGEANT.
DaUMONT de SaINT-LU880N takes possession of the CO0NTRr OF TB.
West in the name of the Kino of FraS ^
language' are kS"^ to S^I SL a'S^^^^^^ Algonquin
^ greeted with demonstratbL of wefcom^ld thrs^aS^h" 7^ P"^^
authority and stat* nfto„^„^ a "*'"'"'?* ?"« 'w Miami chief comes in
Fourteen tolis the S^ WintU!l "5^* ^^ * .«"'^'» °^ *"^0"
Amequin^ thrNipSinrkaSet^^i^n^'?^'^"'"'' ^^ S^> the
Luason hi, come t^S^ * *° **'°^ ^'^ ceremony which Saint-
I
Sixth
PasMot
43 DtaerijiHoH of the PageanU
About the four Jasuita — Claude Dablon, superior of the miarioiu of
the lakes, OslHielle Dniilletes, Claude Allouet and Louis Andr< — clad in
vestments of priestk office, throng the Indians, standing or crouching,
or reclining at length, with eyes and ears intent. A large cross of wood
has been prepared. Dablon with solemn ceremony p > lounoes his blee-
iing upon it and the cross is raised aloft for veneration. It is planted in
the m>und, and the notes of the VexiUa Rtgia float out upon the air as
the Frenchmen, with heads uncovered, unite in reverent song. Beside
the cross is planted a post of cedar with a metal plate chargea with the
royal arms. One of the Jesuits in these far shores of inland seas, offers
the prayer for the long's sacred majesty.
With drawn sword in one hand, Saint-Lusson raises with the other
a clod of earth, as he takes possession ol the boundless west in the name ot
the King. Vollejrs from the firelocks mingle with the ories of "Vive le
Roi " from the French. The uproar ceases and silence is imposed upon the
assembly, as Father Claude Allouei begins in the native tongue the eulogy of
the great King to whose soverognty they have submitted. So incomparable
was the greatness of the monarch that the Indians have no words with
which to express their thoughts upon the subject "Cast your eyes," said
he, " upon the cross raisea so high above your heads: there it was that
Jesus Christ the Son of God, making Himself man for the love of men,
was pleased to be fastraed and to die, in atonement to the Eternal Father
for our sins. He is the Master (rf our lives, of heaven, cf earth and of hell.
Of Him I have always spoken to you, and His name and Word . nave borne
into all these countries. But look likewise at that other poet, to which
are affixed the armorial bearingi ai the great captain of France whom
we call King. He lives beyond the sea; he is the captain of the greatest
captains, and has not his eaual in the world. All tm captains you have
ever area, or ot whom you have ever heard, are mere children compared
with him. He is like a maX tree, and Uu^ only like little plants that we
tread under foot in walung."
If. de Saint-Lusson adds his words in martial and eloquent language;
how he had summoned them to receive them under the protection of tne
great King beneath whose s%ay there was henceforth to be but (»e land
frcm the sunrise to the prairies. The ceremony closed with a fta dt ioie
And a Te Deum " to thank Qod on behalf « these rude savans that
tb«y wekv now the subjects cl so great and powerful a Monarch?'
VCXILLA REGIS
Vtui---li Rt fit pn • • • • M • mt
Historical Notkb on t» Sivbnth Paobant.
An hour before daybreak on Monday October 16, 1690, M. de Vau-
dreuil brought to Quebec the news that the luiglish fleet of thirty-four sail
was scarcely three leagues distant fiom the city. Phips had anticipated
an easy victory. Some time before an officer of the Carignan-SiUi^res
Regiment had fallen into his hands; from him he hod learnt that Quebec
was absolutely at his mwcy; that the fortifications were weak, the troops
View of ih« Si. Uwrcncc rram the Citadel. 1901
^^
mrm to Ch«e«i Ffonten4c ihowmg M»h.i«
t-i. . 'tktn from oM Chut«i Si. Louii
iVl
The HouM of ihe CoMcn Dot
"Here died Wolfe VKioriout "
I75»
Wolfe *nd Monic«liT
1128
SmimcI de ChampUm — Founder of Quebec.
I Ml
Ercct«d 1 199
Jacquei Ctriier
ShenWtllict
M«« itmn and itr WtlM
KilM ky nttauan. >m
>nic*lin
Sonic oi Qiitet) Victoria
In Vicioru Pirii. Qiabtc
Wll
> WilM
l-*val Mofumcni
Nur Archbiilu^'i P4kc*. ^ifcn^
Sm l« Cap
A Sin«i m ih* Lownr Towm
In Memory of iha Quobw con-
"•*«« w*o M « Seuh AfriM
<Sw^IIm«
THE DOMINION ARCHIVES-Oiuw*
PARUAMENT BUILDINGS Ontw*
DeaerijiUim of the Pageanh 4}
'"^J^ """''"'' ***• colony worn out with Indian wufara and disaster
With Frontenac in the French camp, however, Phips had reckoned without
hu hoit. Th«e was a panic when the Eai^ab ships' Ughts were seen off
Pomt Mvia a few hours before daybreak; but before the mesKnger charged
mth Pkp8| summons to surrender had reached French soil, the old veteran
of the Itakan wars and the campaign against the Turks in Candia, had
enthused every soldier with his own martial spirit. The cannon on the
'•"Psrts uttered Frontenac's reply to the message of the enemy. Within
ft week Phips sailed down the river leaving behind him the adiniral's flag
which had been riiot from the flagship, and a few cannon abandoned to
the defenders of the city.
. „.^'* *•* Loww Town the Uttle church was dedicated to Notre-Dame de
la Victcnre.
FRONTENAC, 1090.
Taa Sotshbion Cotnrcn/— Hviobical PciiaoifAaas.
Monsieur Louis de Buade, comte de Frontenac, Oovemor-Genentl.
Jean-Bwtirte de k CnHX-Chevriteea de Saint-Vallier, Bishop.
Jean Bootart, Seipeur de Champigny. Intendant.
Fmnepis-lUcdelnne-Fortun^ Ruette d'Auteuil, niciieur d'Auteuil et de
Moneeauz, CouneiUor and Attoiney-Oeneml.
CoDNcnxAu:
^""^ fe?2^"?i!" *". V^^'« **■•*« ^"» No«l LeOardeur deTIUy,
JS^ S!!?"^" ^1"^' " J~n Baptirte de Peyra.,
Ottriee Denis, Sieur de Vitr<, " Claude Bermen, Sieur de la
.. • . m .. _ Martiiu*re.
Clerk fX'ci**di P*'"™*. 8ieur de Mesnu, Seigneur de Oaudanrille, C*ie{
Monsieur GuiUaume Roger, Fint Bailiff.
'.'. Hilaire Bernard, Sieur de U Riviire, Bailiff.
.. 5?°*J*^' %''"''•. „ „ EUenne Mamndeau, Bailiff.
Nieolaa M<tru, Royal Sergt., Bailiff. Joseph U Prieur, rfailiff.
COMPANY OF GOVERNOR'S GUARDS.
Statb Pabads in 1690.
Captain lUdiel Le Neuf, Sieur de la Valliira et de Piiaiihawin
Lieutenant De SaMes, Sieur de Savent.
Comet Jtaa-Baptiate Oueaiehon aieor de BeuMsville.
MoaKvrsBBa.
Jean de Booae-foi dit la Otandeur.
CJaude Coacf
Ix>uis de la Forqua dit La Couture.
Aniir^ Foumier.
Pterre O^ian dit Orltena.
Bertnuid Urt dit Laramie.
Jean Langlois.
Piem Martin dit Lafortune.
tkuiiei Morsau dit Dasioriera.
Charles CatUs.
Dumont.
Philippe Osfcneur.
Pierre Guiilnr dit I.vonnais.
BartMMmi Unsloiii.
Jean Lanr (or iJarv) dit Lafleur.
Daniel llatan dit fjifortune.
Pierre Provoux.
Count ra FaoimifAC.
r>Wnv^&!*?'.^'S?" "■'^■"'f.J''''"'''^ •**«•** •*• Vftudreuil. Jean Bochart de Cham-
RSli I r^'*' *i°°SSl" '*.*^ifrM!: <«w''«»'y of the Count), Loui»-J«iopt .lAuteuU,
vlfJ- 4 ^tr*'"- ^ ^h- ■', K^ 'V""' ^"^ t^"^ «*• 1* Ron.1,.. Loili. Rouer de
vuieiay^de MonsMfnat, Charles Denwde Vitr«, Pierre de Jovbert Seigneur de Maraon
•t de doulanges, Uuis Th4andre (Artier de Loibiniira, flerre Di^is da la Ronda,
44
Dttaiftiim of tk$ PageanU
PiwM RoUawn (CkmOier (h St. MdNl), Fma^ da C9Mkvkinr 8r. tU la Cheviotiira,
IUii< RoMnMui (Mioa da Bfaaoaour), Fiam Le Moyna d'IbarviUa, Louia Perrot
(Attocner of tha Siiic). Fimnfoia Maria Perrot (dovamor of llontnal), Fianooia Blarie
lUiiaud d'AvMM daa lIaloiMa,ChailM Aubert da la ChoiayetPaptain Hem DeMaTrae,
8r. de Rten. BarthMmr Fmnaiii BonqpiaiiUi* St. d'HautaviUa, (SeoreUiy to
FioBtMMM), NiaolM d'AiUabowrt, STda Mantabt, liaier da OaUifat.
CHimm$.—rkxn Fnan da Najran, Dinia BobaiKe, Jean Ifartel, Henri de St. Vin-
eent, Aleandre le Oatdeur, Etteana Boudiaid, Jean de Launov, Hmothfe Roiowl,
dmriea Barin, mehel Cnmi, SbnoB Denia, Jaeqoei Oouidcaa, Chariee Oannoiiebiaae,
da aoNJ, JiMqnw BiMid, Thonaa de la Na««li«ra. Auguatui Kouer Sr. de la Oerdon-
LmNn.— Louiae Eluabeth de Jogrbert (MarquiM da Vaudreuil), Louiw Catherine
d'AiUeboiMt, Louiae le Oardeur, Louiae Chartiar de Lotbiniire, Louiie de Cfaavigny,
LcHdM Catherine Bobinaau, Lmdaa Uvaaaeur, AMiUque Penot, LouiM Biwrd, Oene-
▼i«ve Juehereau, Marie le Oardeur, Catherine da Coatdneau, Marie-Anne le Neuf de la
Ptttarie, AnaAique Denia, Maiie Rente Oodefrcqr.Cetherine le Neuf, Madeleine de Lalande,
Charlotte Denia, Ancttque Denia, Marie-Madeleine Chapouz (wife of the Intendant
Champicnv), Marie-Anne de Uuieav, Louiae Madeleine du Piiy, Claude de Saintes.
Madelaine Ix>idae Levaiaeur, Marie Catherine Bourgonniire, Louue AncOique de Galli-
fet, Marie Aubert da la Chenaye. '~v m
ITomm.— Marie-Anne Bouehaid, Marie-Anne Fleureau, Marie Oeoeviive Berthier,
Louiae RouMel, GeneviAva Maeart, EUiabeth Damouia, Marie Fianooiae Chartier,
LouMe CrMi<, Jeanne Rente Oourdaau, Louiae BoMue, EUnbeth Hubert, Jeanne
CfaUle Cloaae, Louiae ABgdiqne Routhier, Louiae Chartier, Fimn^oiie Quilleteau, Marie-
Anne Bri«re, Marie Leray, Mariunite Vauvril, Marie-Anne Renouard.
SEVENTH PAGEANT
More than eijrt>ty years have passed since Champlain built his Abila-
turn de Quebec. The population is now mora than 1,500. The town is
fraouented by rugged merchants and traders, blanketed Indians and wild
bushrangers. Frontenae, who is se\enty years of age, loves pomp and
circumstance. It is a worid which wants nothing to make an agreeable
society. The Oovemor-Oeneral has at tendants, nobdit y , officers and t roops.
There are rich merchants, who live in affluence; a bishop and numerous
seminary; RecoUets and Jesuits; circles as brilliant as many in the Old
World. The Governor's and Intendant's ladies make panics of pleasure
in summer; many a dance and brilliant assembly helps to pass the long
evenings of winter.
Th«re are ominous signa, however, of danger from without. A few
■pies from New England have i^tpeared at intervals at Quebec; one has
been capttired and sent in chains to France. There are rumours of in-
vasion. Frontenae with his wonted energy haa striven to vouae the home
government from its lethargy. A powerful New England fleet under Sir
William Phips had already sailed for the St. Lawrence, and a messenger
brings word of the enemy's approach. The excitement which ensues is
ahnoat a panic, until Frontenae, bold and fearless with warlike energy-
assuages the fears of the populace. His bravery fills them all with
enthusiasm; they resolve to die if need be, but neverto yield to the foe.
The fleet is anchored a little below Quebec, and a boat , bearing a flag
of truce, has put out from the Admiral's ship. It brings a subalt em officer,
the beaier of a letter from Sir William Phips to the French rammamler.
Completely blindfolded, the messenger is taken by two sergeants and led lo
the Governor. Hie guides draw him hither and thither through a noi.s,
jostling crowd, and laughing women cry: " Voitaf Montieur Colin-. \faUlard,
qui menl noiu faire vi$tiet " Amid a prodigious hubbub intended to bewilder
. !
1 I)
I
*
iMa/M«
45
F«,-i!l;«*JSS°*^ *•*? envoyrecovere hia breath and hiaoomiXMare ulut..
o'clock, and thrhe^^X^e^r^SAfcXr"^''^ 'J J".*?"
nation arises; and Valrannee caS^nutVl^* pk^ • "^: ^.'"^ "^ ""*'«-
and that his man ourfrttrh^ h^^ p ^P" '" ""^'"'l* ''"^ » P'"»«.
moment, andTton ^iVo t£ ^o^" ^™'"""*° ~"'™'' »'*°»«'' ^^ »
punish 'such oTal^Mv^Sr^ '"''*''^ '° •" •*»" *°"ld •>«* '•« to
boldly'de3sT«m"trS:Jl^?:f'''^ .'"•*"" ^•"'»'» "««?»'<">. but
•'No/'retu™From"ni '•I^K'L! "^'^ "* '^/'"f witWn the hour.
SI TO TB M£TS ANCUILU
** "■ . *. «
11
i t
• CtST LA TOUUTte CMSE
(»'<*« ckc tlmrm*t»km.m-mm^m Hmtmiimui ■» <•»*«» B»-*-«l<«
C'MtkpoMbttojBiw
Ohii pond 4w ngHi
EU* v» poBdi* on bwu p'tH eoM
Pour MB p'tit qui vm but' dodiohe,
Ell' v» pMxlra un beau p'tit eow
Pour ton p'tit qui va uir* dodo,
Dodiebe, dodo.
• • • *
Qagnon, CAotuon* Popularrft (hi Concdo p. 364.
Ccot k pooMte jbum
Qui poBd dMM ka MdiMi,
Bl' Tk pondra im taan p'tit «oee
Pour MB p'tit qui w fui' dmiidM,
Ell' VB poadiv UB bwu p'tit rooo
Pour Mm p'tit qui vb (air* dodo.
Dodidhe,)' '
sit PHIPS SEN VAT-EN CUERRE
IN ROULANT MA BOULE
^^^MII^S
■mImim kwbtfnriMl' lanirkriiia tM-b. Ob- nlr <■«•«■.>>-<'« <-«>« EnnrfM ••
• * • •
tM-k TlMtaMlMW* ^w
E^ rouhut ma boula-le roulaBt,
En roulant ma boula.
Ceat pour en hire im lit de eamp,
En roulant ma boule,
Pour y coueher toua Wa patmnts.
Rouli, roulant, ma boule roulant,
En roulant ma boule roulant,
Ea roulant ma boule.
Derri^r* ehea-nous, ya-t-un 4tang,
En roulant ma houle.
Troia beaux caaarda a'en von; b:u(tisaat,
Rouli, roulant, ma boule rouloat.
En roulant ma boule roulant,
En roulant ma boule.
—From Qagnon, Chaiuoiu Pvpmhirrt Hu Canatia, p. 12.
HmoucAL Notes ox thb Final Pageant.
The Two Battles or the Plains of Abraham.
It is historicaily incorrect to speftk of the BallU of the Plsiiu, tnit
correct to say the Bnttlet. The f^rst was Wolfe's victory won on the 1.3th
of September, 1759, sffainst Montcalm. The second was L6vis' victory
DferiptUm of the PagtmOt 43
trm Umwy on the 28th of April, 1760. In both bAttlea the ultimate
NMlt WM entirdy detcnnined by the ftituh Navy, whoM great aquadrons
at QortMo were playing their part in the world-wide "Maritime War," aa
Pitt'a impoial campaigns were thai called in EngUnd. The fleet and
convOT und«r Saunden made Wotfe'a victory poenble; Hawke'a victory
» 81^*^ "^ '* <'*»"^; ^^^ ColvUle'e arrival made Uvia' aecond
Battle of the Plains utterly barren- all was lost save honour.
Mmtcalm is, perhMs, the greatest commander of all; he had a perfect
Braq> of the strategy of the whole war in Canada, and he won the day at
Onnga m 1786, Fart WUUam Henry in 1767, Ticonderoga in 1758, and
Montmorency m 1780, It is untrue and unjust to say that he rushed his
army weathleas to defeat. He formed it with due care, and had he delayed
the arnval (rf Bougainville would have been neutralised by the increased
■treivtb of Wone s pcdtkm.
Wdfe, however, does not suffra- by comparison. He dealt with the
problem as he found it, and solved it triumphantly. He had the inestim-
able advantages <rf a fleet and a united command. He deserves much
credit for his perseverance in face of persiKial sufferings and for the as-
cmdancy he maintained over his army, in spite of his repulse at M<mt-
morency. As a commander he did better still. Wa final plan was con-
caved entirely on his own initiative, well worked out in all its combinations
and canned to complete success. On the 10th of September he recon-
noitCTed from the south nhan, rejected the plw of the Brigadiers, and
improved his original idea by choosing the cove that now bears his name
and IS leas than two miles from the walls. He utilised all the previous
manoBuvres, and held Montcalm at Beauport by naval demonstrations
while drawmg the French under Bougainville as near Pointe-aux-Tremblee
as possible. After three days and nights of consummate manoeuvering,
ov« a nver front of thirty miles, he concentrated the right force in the
nght way at the right time and scaled the Haghts. The dissentions
between the French commanders was one of the factors he reckoned on,
and every other piece of information was turned to account. His success
was not the result of chance, but of profound study and calculated daring
aven (m the field he showed rare originality by forming, for the first time
m the history of armies, a two-detp "thin red line;" and his strategy and
tactics exactly suited the time and place and circumstuices throuehout
the operations. ^
• '^^II.**"*'^ garrison, which saved Canada from the American
mvanon of 1774, was the first force in which French and English-speaking
Canadians stood together in defense of their common country. It cotch
pnsed ^ of the 7th Royal Fusiliers, who were again in Quebec in 1791
under the Duke of Kent, and whose present Colonel-in-chief is the Duke's
great-grandson, H. R. H. the Prince of Wales.
The war of 1812 was the second in which French and English-speak-
ing t*nadians joined forces against American invasion. De Salaberrv's
Votttgeun won ChAteauguay against great odds.
mcKOC o r* mmiution tbt chait
(ANSI ond ISO TEST CHADT No. 2)
1.0
m
u
1^
120
1.8
1.6
jA
/APPLIED IMOE Inc
1H5 Cmt Main Sttwl
ff»cht«t«r. mw rorfc l««0« USA
(716) 4«2 - 0300 - Phor.
(71«) 2H- 5Mt -r«
48 Deseriplion of the PageanU
N0TE5 ON THE ARMIES
THE FRENCH ARMY.
The French army consisted of five different lands of troops, and Montcalm, tech-
nically, commanded only the regulars from France, all the rest being under the Gov-
ernor, who also was Montcalm's executive superior whatever he chose so to act.
Thb Fbincr RBOtn-ABS fbom Franci: the regiments of Royai RmunlUm, La
Sam, Lattguedoe, Biam, Ouienne and la Rein*.— Under the old rigime each French
regiment bore the name of the prince or nobleman who practically owned it, or of the
Province from which it was recruited. The officers were of much the same class as
their British rival*. Neither French nor British were nearly so professional as those
in the Prussian service. But both armies contained many more accomplished soldiers
The Roya!Rou*tiUon fought with valour in the first Battle of the Plains, lost a
third of its men and two-thiri of iu officers. In the second battle it had a duel with
Uie Irish of the 3.5th, and was foremost in the charge which won the day. La Sane
had seen a great deal of arduous American service already and had greatly distin-
gtiiahed itself at T^oonderoga in 1758, when Montcalm beat Abererombie, though
outnumbered four to one. Langxtedoe suffered the loss of four rompames, who
were captured at sea or their way out in 1755. The drafU sent to oonwlete
tlie estaUishment were a very poor lot, and the regiment beer me the wont disci-
pUned in Canada. Twenty serious courts-martials were held in the year preceding
the first Battle of the Plains, besides innumerable minor oBenna. Biam was one
of the oldest and most distinguished corps in the whole French army and dated
baek to the 16th century. It had landed in Quebec in June, 1755, wiUi Owimne
and four companies of Languedoc, and, like them, had been on active service
ever since. Its colonel was the steadfast Dalquier, who crowned his Omadian
career by bis splendid leadership in the second Battle of the Plains. The regi-
ment of Guienne, sent by Montcalm to guard the Heights a week before the battle,
and ordered to watch Wolfe's Cove the <&y before, was counter-ordered by the Gov-
ernor Vaudreuil on each occasion. Its outposts were the first to come into ewitaet
with Wolfe, and it fought with the utmost gallantry in both battles.
"The Canadian RMulars were officially part of the Iroupt* de la Marine. They were
not marines in the British sense at all, and had no connection with the navy, but were
under the Home Government administration of the Department of Manne. They
were mostly recruited in Canada, and took the colonial side against the Frmcb regulars
wlKnever tnere was any friction in the ranks.
Canadian Militia was composed of every able-bodied man in the country.
Captains of militia were men of great local importance; they represented the St*t« on
most lo^ occasions. As raiders and skirmishers the Sliliee excelled. They had three
essentials of all armies— the ability to rough it, mareh and shoot. They endured great
hardships in the French cause, made a most gallant stand to cover the retreat after the
first battle, and did some daaiiing work at the second.
The tndians were uncertain allies and tried the patience of Montcalm to the
last degree. They can hardly be blamed for espousing the cause of whichever side
seemed the less objectionable to them, for the time being, as all the whites persistently
dravs them from their haunts and changed the whole face of tbar country in a way
abhorrent to their every feeling.
The French Savy.—The French marines did duty on shore as gun crews at Quebec
The vessels during the siege were anchored in the Richelieu. The only real encounter
between the French and English in the S;. ijiwrence was when Vaiiquelin tried to head
off the British vanguard in 1760. The gallant officer fought his ship bravely and when
his last shot had been fired refused to strike his flag.
THE BRITISH ARMY AND FLEET.
Wolfe's army was just under 5,000 strong at the Battle of the Plains. It was com-
posed of: — . , „ „ ,
1. The llith, then known as "Amherst's" Re)?iment, and now as the East York-
shires. To the present day its uniform is distinguished by the line of bUek mourning
braid originally adopted in memory of Wolff;
3. The 28th, then " Bragg's," now 1st Oloiicesters. Wolfe took post on the nght
of this regiment;
I
OJ
H
o
•?
•a
o
^■A ,% ■?
'i-«"*' 'i-
^ ■■•ViJ ■.
§
'mm
Brigadier Gen. Robert Monckton
With Wolfe at (Xebec
Brigadier Gen. J*s. Murray
Fint English Governor of C^bec
Brig. Gen. George Townshen
With Wolfe u Oiebec
Monumeni lo Wolfr in Westminsier Abbey
I
Str Guy Carleton
Lord Dorchefier
Gen. Hale
From the Pkiniini by Sir Jothua
Reynolds. P.R.A., in the possri
sion ol E. J. Hale. Esq.. Quebec
Lescription of the Pageants 49
th«Htnltehi,"iX"llfnI' "r A'* ^Z^^ ^°"»' Lan<»«Wre. Colonel Hale carried
the d^gpatcbw to the Ring, who afterwards commissioned him to raise the im LanSm
on t£ Mono3'e^'.''" '""' *'* Northamptonshires. was p,«M,nt atBmddock'. defeat
and Lf »w*,e';^±''j::'>°4.2"'' No.thamptonshires. was raised only in 1755.
8. The 2nd^ " Monckton's," and 3rd. "Uwrence's," battaUons of the "Rnv«I
week"i».;fe'«l°n 1^^^ «'«'^"^"' -» ~i-d ^ 1757, within a
"■ ISf fl ^' ■' '""'* '^ remembered, was a much imater force than Wnlfp'. lif«i-.
army The fleet was a q.iarter of the whole strength'TthV3y!^here wire 49
n"'X';:d"ov:;*2M'''" "'^"' ""' *'«' t-^ponsILd auxili.orTe«lTiSwnds'
Admiral Saunders was one of the stars of the service, even in those m»t duv w«
had been First Lieutenant of the Centurion on Anso™; ^ebratoi^o^ m^H t^!
aX^6^?faSSroffMiSrr°a„°i t' 'ij^V' "<>"««"• ^t to t\^l^irrSfn4'^
aiier riyng^B lauure off Mmorca and he dosed his career as one of the bMt Pimf l^.^.
0. thePm6rofe.andXfoilowi'ngy^.S;^tteTra?B„^^cU^^^^
him ^^^ey'l^'^flj'^^^b.SjT K^-^"!'" ^ »»»"' ^ »' these irregular, with
o^n SfiSss: ^sL'of'.ht'?^r^^i„x"fi°™t"'Batir of iM r^
LES PLAINES.
Ic: brillent gravA) en reliefs dclatants
Ces noma qne dans le bronre entreUoe I'Histoire:
B J tomb(5s Id, lea braves combattants.
foudroyfe dans un r6ve immorte) de victoire.
le temps passe, et le temps, bouleversant le sol
Du choc des r&siments efface I'Apre empreinte:
1* temps passe et le temps emporte dans son vil
liCS funebms launers de la supr&ne ^treinte.
Le panache d'«clairs s'^teignit. Sainte-Foy
Ue soleil et verdure au printemps, se d&jore:
L espoir des beaux soldats de la Heine et du Rov
Monte au coeur d'une fleur mourante et saigne encore.
HT'flJ ?*"^' '* ".*"^' »"'' murmures d'oreueil.
cJkS^J" •'~**' ""V't" dont lea hauteura sr t pleine«.
if .'*•.''* ""H?B en rivajte, le deuil *^ '
Qui ptane sur la t«rre h«ro!que des Plaina
Filial
Pagwmt
Deacription of the Pageanta
Dniis V' be glorieuz dea aouvenin ipan,
L'illi p lipultute ouverte par Ui bomoe,
De SIX "O gradins montant de toutes parts,
l£>nt ...Lie per le sang des victoires, surplombe.
La Fiance et I'Angleterre inclinent leun drapeaux
Devant le promontoire ot la gloire repose,
Et range de la paix couronne les tombeaux
Des palmes dc I'honneur et de I'apoth^oae.
— Nirfe Beaucfaemin.
PINAL PAQBANT.
The shouting of the populace has died away; all is still.
Nearly seventy years in passing by have brought us to another scene.
There floats up out of the distance a full-throated rythmical song and, as
its volume swells, there appear, regiment by regiment, marching shoulder
to shoulder, two great and victorious armies.
Beneath their floating standards they file on in a great parade of
honour.
The present is joining hands with the past to the glorifying of a splendid
future.
The heroes whose lives were given here in the past, that this song
might be sung to-day, stand rank by rank before us in all the bravery of
uniform and military pomp.
The great and significant unison of voices is singing —
" Ton histoire est une ^pop4e,
Des plus brillants exploits.
Et ta valeur, de foi tremp^,
Protigera nos foyers et nos droits. "
We are looking down the vista of years now. There is Jacques
Cartier with the up-Ufted cross, pioneer of a land
" qui salt porter I'^p^,
qui salt porter la croix. "
There, the noble minded and devoted Champlain who has realized that
pioneer's great ideal and has set firm the foundation of a Christian colony;
the Uttle band of those whose self sacrifice, whose constant prayer and
unremitting toil have taught so profound a lesson and relieved such count-
less suffering; the religietues de QiUbec; the hero Dollard with his hero
followers; the great Bishop without whose steadfast faith and firm hand
Canada would not be what she is; Saint-Lusson, with the pomp of temporal
and spiritual power; the courageous and proud spirited Frontenac; aJl are
wrested for a moment from the jealous years, and that apotheosis of loyalty,
obedience and courage, that great muster of warriors, whose spirit has
passed into the life of this country are now singing with the rest,
"Lecri vainqueur:
Pour le Christ et le Roi. "
DiEu Sauve Le Roi.
Genebal Salute.
QoD Save the King.
Wolfe'f Cove- 1(33
Gen. Rich»rd Moni^omery who fell ai Qyebec
1775
Col. Arnold
Wounded •! QKbec. 1775
Death of Montgomery at CJyebec. 1775
After the Ptiniing of Trumbill
"'"^'^l^^'^'H^orO^^.
W«to *t Th. Ibooj*!, Mg, Rou.1,/.,. <»- *'«—'•
MaMtoto • rlaalHto. J.m.
MiisiebrO.UralU*.
PiAKO
Tky brov i, „„»,),
"iUi lun. of «| ^
* />>' ■ mu tit . rt
■ ""^ChrutandlheKingl"
rotflter, no» foyer, et no, droin
.
tt nip^rons -omme noa ni.».
GOD SAVE THE KING.
AMANGED BT
VHIUFiailZ
AntfnittMiMtoit.
TOICI.
riANO
. ,, I, ;-. d : f m: m: f
1 ..-.r: 4 1 r: 4'. t._
U':'-
|4^ fl. J r If r M " ^ ' '^ ' ' ' ■' 1
^ gn . rioiM Kiiif , Loog live niir
H . bl» King, Cud w* lh»
Kto».
O Lord our GodI atim,
Scatter his enemjea,
And make them fall,
G<Hifound their politioa.
Frustrate their knavish tricks.
On him our hopes we fix
Qod save us alll
Thy ch(Hceflt gifts in store,
^n him be pleased to pour.
Long may he reignl
May he <fefend our laws.
And ever give us cause.
To sing with heart and voioa
God save the KingI
Dieu prot6ge le roi.
En lui nous avons toi^
Vive le roi I
gu'il aoit victorieux
t que son neuple heureux
Le eomble ae ses roeux:
Vive le roi t
Qu'il rigne de longs jours.
Que son nom soit toujours
Notre secours,
Protecteur de la lol
Et dtf enseur du droit,
Notre espoir est en toi
Vive le roi I
Bknjahxh SrLTG.
4. 4.
UFKLIIZ.
^
4t-;
Ktaf.
jnH SriTE.
. Hotel DiMi. foamtad, law. ~
HootiMlm'i KridtDM. 17M-W.
Sul^wHilMlat-BMtaHi*, 177S. Bm
AraaU ma vouadMl.
SiM of Onl BiAiip'i FWhn 1680— Urn
. „^ >t.'in»-R«idaM» tt PriaM
of Wail* in IMO.
Chonh of Notra Dum Am Vietoim.
ChstOH FrartOMC BoUl— Sit* of Fort
St. LouK— aiid (AatOMi St. Louii.
Hm ^^imiUii, Frontooae and Chr-
ChampUn Moannkont.
Monumant to Wolf* and Montcalm.
Banuea.
Arehbiihop'iFalao*.
BeniaanrofQMiMe.
Laral Cniranity.
Laval Mow
CityBalL
VnuliaeOomBt. Hontoabn bnriod li*n.
■tfdi OMlMdial— iH* of B*coll*t
Cho-ct.
Chalrr^n' C%iinh.
MonuiMat to Soatb Afrioaa ooldiMa, I90S.
Garruon Club.
Montcomaryburiod bar*, 1776.
PnrliaiiMatBaildiiiv.
Good 8bwb*rd Ooavant.
Ron Rn* FlMton— MoBtealm'a lin*
dimwn. ttp ban. f7M>— «t* of Fraoeh
ba't*riM *r*et*d by Utm. 17(0.
Fnneiaean Oomroat— caati* of Froneh
line, 17M. Tb* 8nt land fraaled to
Abiabam Martin, after a bom Ibe
Plaina of AbrabaB Tare named, «*■
in <hia vieiaity.
St. Bridaat'e Anrhmi.
Quebec Gaol— dt* of Wotta'i radoubl.
Wolfe Monument.
Monument to LiSvia and Murray.
Notn Dame dee Chemine.
Jeffeiy Hale Hoepital.
CspeCova, Royd^ —
. . . Waiiam built bei*.
KinK'n Wbarf.
Literary and Biatorical Society of Quebec.
Canadian Paeifle Railway Station.
Electric car line to Monlmoranry Fall*,
Kent Hoow, aad St*. Ann* d* B«aa-
Vtt.
■■B Ground to b* piircba**d ibr
?^ Memorial Fkrfc.
■B Englieb Traoia.
^M Ftencb Traoii*.
i i The nol and Roe* Rifl* VWetoiy-buiUiav
on propoeed park.