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 ■»a<«wiiciin^i"Tgfcrfr'""i"'~'*" 
 
///ST'JR)' ANP M/SClll/-/'' OF Tlfli 0{'/:/^/-C //-SCVT .\Cl\ 
 
 It is Mot ol'tcii that wi' liavc occasion to coinniciit on any K'_,isl,'.tion in the 
 Province I'fl^hichcc. The subject of this article, allIio;i'^-h not of much technical 
 interest, t^xcept in so fai" as it tonclu-s on the intta'estini^' (]uestion of csciieat. is 
 oi so nuicii iinportan.ce in connection with constitutional (juestions alfectini;' the 
 \\-li,)ie I )onn'!n'on, anil neces-~aril\-, therefore, ali its i-)r')vinces, that it is desicihlc 
 to ilisenss it at some leniifth from a constitutional ami historical point of \-iew. 
 \W- ]ia\'e nothing; to ilo witli prat)- ])olitics, antl for this reason we refrain from 
 discussing,' the much debate:! qaestion as to the expediency of disallowance by 
 tlie Dominion (iovermnent of ])rovincial Acts lik'C the Jesuit Act ; our readers 
 can form their own o])inion oi' the subject after a careful consideration of this 
 most important sul)ji-'ct. .As to the competenc)' of that L;overnment to disallow 
 sucii leLiislation, we think there can be no chuibt. 
 
 l^"i\-e and twentv }'ears a?^'), when the Cler;^)' Reserves of Tpper Canada, Iield by 
 as indi'feasible a title as it was possible for an\' crown-iM'anted lands to beheld, 
 were diwrted from their oriL;inal purjiose and ai)plied to secular objects, it was 
 thouijht that the cpicstioii of the state-endowment (>{ ecclesiastical bodies was 
 settled for ever ; and amon;^- those who voted for the secularization of the 
 reserves were the representatives of French-Canadian Roman Catholic coi;.-titu- 
 encies, who. in support of the i)rinci[)le then cstablishetl, rani^cd themselves side 
 
 M 
 
 •.WV^L/| JU W«VV OWWiA J«»i«*»jr V».**»g|" »«.^»^^« 
 
 ^^-..«suit8, bat I quote the following only, 
 W the rest does not bear on the text, 
 
 heathen usages in the East, and the dis- 
 turbances resulting in persecutions ot the 
 
•o 
 
 The Cauadir I. a:.' /oiirjia/. 
 
 I I In lllll \ I'l, X^^r). 
 
 1)\- siili' with l!u' \ oliint.uics of the ii])])L'r prov-iiicc. It now appear^, ritlicr that 
 tlir loiv anel luT' '• a;4italioii which set asi.h' ihi' <_;,riiits of ( Il-oi-mc the Third 
 was all in \-ain, or else that the rule whieh is \-,ili(l as a_L;aiii>t the cmlow- 
 inein o{ a Ptolt'stant eler!;)' !'>■ a Hriti'-h Moiiareh ilocs ii()t api)l)- to the pious 
 I'.esi'Mis ^)\ a l.iiiL;' who. in hi-- /.e,il t'oi' the Koinan ('atholie lailli, oi'dained tliat 
 up )ii llu' >hores of New l''rauce no I'rolestant should srt his toot. 
 
 In the jui'posed eiulowment o'( the Jesuits by the leemt legislation of the 
 l'ro\ince of <j'ueliec. we luid oui'selvr- tace" to face witii tile old dispute, .md under 
 condition- wiiieh ])reehule the eonteiuion that the onestion, as it now arisus, is 
 one altOL!,i'thei' of provincial interest, or to \)c -ettled !>}■ purel\' ])ro\'ineial con- 
 siderations; and the conditions which pri'-ent tluMn-^ei\-e.s make e\'ei_\' objection 
 which nia\" be ur;4cd against rcliL;i()Us endownnMits in .general appl)' witii tentoUl 
 force to this one in particular. 
 
 Into the L^encral quotion we neeil not enter. As we stated ,it the outset, that 
 (lUistion has lieen settletl, and to justif>* this particular e.xception fioin the 
 ])rincii)lc establisiied, it clearly ilevoK'o upon its advocates to show upon what 
 (TiH)unds that justification is basecl. This, we are l)OMnd to sa)-, .M. Mercier has 
 done his best to accornplish. In the preamble to his bill he ^i\-es us all tiie 
 evidence, and all the facts, or assumptions of tact, u;)(in which h's action rests, 
 and it must be atimitted that the atldress and ijlausibility with which lie sets 
 about his task, are worthy of the object in \iew. 
 
 Having by a previous i\ct L,Mven incorporation to the Socict)- of Jesus, .M. 
 Mercier, in the preamble to his Act, dwells upon the " uneasiness " felt with 
 re""ard to the Jesuits' estates, and this view he sujjports by reference to various 
 demands which certain ecclesiastics have, frcjm time to time, made for a settle- 
 ment of the question of the ownershi[) of the propertj- — a property to which, as 
 he subsequently admits, the ckumants iiave only a moral ri^dit, but for which 
 ///(■)' arc entitled to conipeiisaiioti. He then proceeds to clear the way by statinjj^ 
 that " on the occasion of the settlement of this delicate ipiestion certain Protest- 
 ant educational institutions will receive a fair allowance {proportionate to the 
 numerical importance of the minorit)- in this province." Havin<.,r thus provided 
 for the possible opposition of the " Protestant minority," the astute ijremier goes 
 on to overcome the hostility which, as is well known, a large i)art c^f the majority, 
 clerical as well as la)', entertained to his proposal ; .ind for the [Huq)ose he, the 
 responsible minister of a British province, not only appeals to the Pope of Roine 
 for leave to ileal with a property which, according to the law of the land, had 
 duh- escheated to the Crown tor want of an)' legal owners, but publishes 
 ill exttiiso, in the preamble of his bill, the whole correspondence between himself 
 as Premier of (Juebec, the Prijcurator of the Jesuits, and the " Prefect of the 
 Sacred College of the Propaganda," who writes as directl)- representing the Pojje. 
 And a ver)' remarkable correspondence it is, in spirit as well as in letter, bringing 
 home to us more fully than anything pul>lished in the JMigiish language has 
 hitherto done, the sort of religious and [)olitical P'rankenstein which our fore- 
 fathers unwittingly created at the ca[)itulation of Oiiebec, and which now, in so 
 many wa)'s, bU^ks tin; [jath of progress for this Dominion. 
 
 ri 
 a 
 w 
 a 
 
 tl 
 at 
 
IV l'^"'')- 
 
 ImIii II. ir V IV i>->i/. 
 
 History am/ Mtschief of I he (}iiclhc /c.<iti/ .Icf. 
 
 71 
 
 r ih.il 
 'rhird 
 
 ' l)ii)US 
 
 a ihiit 
 
 of the 
 
 I uiulor 
 risi-.s, is 
 ,il con- 
 nection 
 
 U;nt«iUl 
 
 ,ct, thiit 
 oin the 
 1)11 \vh;it 
 cicr liiis 
 ; all the 
 on rests, 
 
 II lie sets 
 
 Jesus, M. 
 felt witii 
 ) various 
 a settle- 
 which, as 
 for which 
 ,y stating 
 I'rotcst- 
 te to the 
 M-o\'ided 
 nier j^oes 
 majority, 
 e he, the 
 of Rome 
 and, liad 
 publishes 
 n himsell 
 ct of the 
 the Pope. 
 , bringing 
 L^uage has 
 
 I ovu- forc- 
 
 II (nv, in so 
 
 i 
 
 III his tnst coiiiMiuincatioii, M. Mercier, after askins^r whether His Kmincnce 
 sets •• an\- seiioiH objection to the (jo\ernineiit selliiii; the propert}." sa)'s th.it 
 the (iovcmnient would "look upon the proceeds of the sale as a sptci.il deposit 
 to !)'• disponed of here.dter in accordance witii the aLjreements to be entered into 
 between the parties interestei! u^it/i the saih tioit of the I loly See',' and then he t^oes 
 on to say that "as it \\\\\ perhnfs be necessary upon this matter to consult (he 
 ].eL;islatine ol the pro\-iii(X'. etc.," he wislies an imniediale repl\'. It is quite 
 exideiU that the ^auction of the lloly See was uracil more imjoortant for the 
 rarr\-in'_; out of M. Mercier's ('esiL;ns th.in that of the L.c^^islature of the pro\ince. 
 In repl\-. lii> Holiness the I'ope j,u-aciousl\' -grants permission for tlie sale- ot' the 
 pro|(ert>', "upon the express condition, hoW(.'\'ei-, that tiie sum to be recei\'e(l be 
 tlepositetl and \^\l a^. \\\i^ fiw liisposal of the I holy See.'' This condition was too 
 much, (A'en tor the (Juebec rreinier. who insists on his previous terms. These 
 are conceded in the next letter in the followiii:; words: "The I'ope allows the 
 (ii'veniiiieiit to retain the proceeds of the sale as a sj)ecial de[)osit to be disposed 
 of hereafter with the sanction of the IIol\' See." In the next document ([noted 
 authority is <;iven by His Holiness to the " fathers of the Society of Jesus " to 
 deal iri the matter dircctl}- with the Government of Quebec, leavinp^, however, 
 full liberty to the Holy See to dispose of the property as it sees Jit. These {)rclimin- 
 aries settled, M. Mercier then addresses the procurator of the Jesuits for the 
 purpose of fixiner the basis of settlement. He is, in the first place, very [)articular 
 to si)ecify that properly authenticated evidence of the foregoing particulars is 
 placed in his hanils, and then goes on to say that, in consenting to treat, " the 
 Go\ernment does not recognize any r/tv/ obligation, but merely a moral obliga- 
 tion " ; that the compensation given shall be expended exclusively in the pro- 
 vince ; that the Societ}' shall grant a complete concession of all property, and a 
 renunciation of all rights, which ma)' have belonged to the old Society ; that any 
 agreement made shall be binding onl)' .«o far as ratified by tlie Pope and f^egislature ; 
 that the coini)ensation fi.xed shall remain as a special deposit in the hands of the 
 Go\'ernment till the pleasure of the Pope with regard to it is made known, and 
 that u[)on it the .Society- shall, in the meantime, receive four per cent, interest ; 
 and " finally, that the statute ratifving such agreement shall contain a clause 
 enacting that when such settlement is anived at, the Protestant minority will 
 ri'ceive a grant in [)roportion to its population in favour of its educational 
 work." 
 
 To all of this, clause by clause, the Procurator graciously assents, till he 
 comes to the last, when he very pro[)erly remarks that as this clause (that 
 relating to the Protestant minority) does not touch the question at issue, he 
 asks to be dispensed from replying thereto. Even the Procurator of the Jesuits 
 will not accept M. Mercier's inviluition to legislate for the " Protestant minority," 
 a dcijree of moderation for which the said Protestant minority should be dul\- 
 '•■rateful. Upon this correspondence, in which the leader of the Government in 
 the Province of Quebec so openly lays himself and the Legislature of Quebec 
 at the disposal of the Holy See, comment is needless. The unconstitutionalit}- 
 
!• 
 
 The Cdiuhiii A,/,\' lonnitil. 
 
 Ii 111 11.11 \ r . 1 ' 
 
 . »' 
 
 uf the .\>."t rcsu;;iiV4 tiii'i'i-tioni i--. liuwcwi'. |).>iiUi'il imu in .niMtlicr place to which 
 wi' rt-'K 1" \.\\v rravicr. 
 
 Tht-'ii cniiu'> ihi" siitlciiuMit iif the .iinoimt nf CDinpciisiitiiai, uliicli i> inli.'- 
 rcstiii!-; only ,is shuwiiii; tln' pl.iN-fiil \v\vv with whirh tlu- rroiiiiMtiM- iirst 
 I'st i:ii:itin|^' the \-aliU" I'f the nrDpcrl) al two millii)tis of dollars, ami iiioilc^tl)- 
 s.i\-iii'^- that he will be sati^tled with half that amount. !iiiall_\- accepts tlii' tour 
 huiiilri'd thoiisiiiul which i-- oiTcrcil as compensation Ima proptM't}' which l)(.'li)n:;ed. 
 not to the le^uits. but tu the l'i-o\Mice ot' ( Uu'bec. It is hard not to 'ocliiA'c that 
 ill thi-" was ariau''<.'d bcU.'ii'luuul m) as to displ.u- tlu' care taken li\- M. MerciiT 
 
 ii> 1)1 
 
 otect the interests of 
 
 th. 
 
 io\iiuH\ M\A the t'xtrenie moderation ot' the 
 
 iesuits in acceptin;^ a 
 
 tlftli 
 
 if what, acconiiu'' to their contiMition, was rcalK' 
 
 their rij^ht. The remiinin^ docmiients L;iveii in the preaiublc are puii'lx' torm.d, 
 .md in>erteil in the bill merely to show that llis llolinessand the Societ)' of 
 lesn-^had. really ':;iven their .issc'ut to the ai;ri.'ement . 
 
 'rh.r historic. il facts relatiuL; t<) tlii-^ matter are brietly as follows: l'"or more 
 tlian a centur\' prior to tlu' couipiest of New h'rance the Societ\' of the Jesuits 
 h.id been i^tal)lislicd lliere, and b.ad undrrt.ikcn two ;,;ieat works the conver-^iou 
 ^•^i the Indians, and the educati<ai of the pi'uple. To cnaljle them to carr_\- on 
 these iiudertakiuL^s the)' had become endowed with crtain lands deri\'ed Iroui 
 thric sour' es : lirants tiom the C'rown ; L;ifts troiu private individuals; and 
 nurclia^es made Iroin vai-iims tuiuls at tlu ir dis])os:d. Al! these i^rants and 
 ;j;ifls were expressl)' mad.e m trU'^t tor the objects alre.ul)' mentioned; besides 
 which it must l)c reimMubered tiiat, accordiii;,; to iheir \'ow of povert\'. the 
 |esuits. ueitiii-r indi\idua!l_\' nor co]Iecti\'el\'. could hold propert\- for person. d 
 prolit or emoiuint;nt. \\ (..' --hall not stay to eiiijuire how the-^e trusts were 
 executed. That is a matter ot hi-^tor)-, aad is not pei-tinent to tlie |)i-eseiit is-^ue. 
 At the capitulation "f (^)ucbec article thirty-four ])i-o\ided that "all the commu- 
 nities and all the priests sli.di preserv.' tin-ir movables, ihi' property and revenue 
 of thi; Sei:.;iiiorie>, and otiicr estate^ whieh they pos^e-^^ in ihi: colou\-, of what 
 riature soever they be. .\\\A the same estates shall be preserved in their piivi- 
 Icf^n.-s, ri:4hts. honors .ind exemptions." With that regard for its pli.dited faitli 
 which the Ui'itish (ro\-ernmenl has al\va_\-s maintained, this article was kept 
 in\-iolate : and lor iourlt;en }'e'ars the )e'sm'ts remained undisturbetl in the pos>es- 
 sion of theii' iproperties. 
 
 liul whilst under the Brit ish lla;;" a;_;ainst which the\- had so of'.eii intriL;U(-d. and 
 under the i)rotection ol the liritish (jo\ernment which the\- had so ol'ten ass.nied, 
 the |esuit> (■njoycd peace, it was not so with them in the countries of Roman 
 Catholic Muropc. Two years altei' the contiuestof (Juebecthe)- were suppressed 
 in h'rancc, where the exposure ol tlu'ir constitution and method of actiiiL;'. conse- 
 (juent upeMi the failure o( Lawdelte's commercial enterj i istvs, mack," their i seuce 
 intolerable. I'ive' ye'ar-i later thev were altogether expelled from tiie dominions 
 of llis Most Catholic Majesty, their proi)erties se(|uestrated, their colleercs closed 
 and their teachings loibiddi n. In '/')" the\- were sup'presscd ie Sjjain, the most 
 Roman Cath' 'lie countr)- in luiropc and the land of their birth, but where their poll- 
 
i 
 
 ll 1>1 11.11 \ ! ■■ . iS*"!) 
 
 lil.icc ti) which 
 
 . wl'iich is inlt.'- 
 
 rocuratoi- fir^t 
 
 , ami tiKxK'^tl)- 
 
 :ci:pts the tmir 
 
 vhich l)i.-li)ii,;cci. 
 
 til Ix'h'cv't' that 
 
 1)\- M. Ml irirr 
 
 Icration i >!' ihr 
 
 inn, was rcall)' 
 
 ])urcl)' ftinnal, 
 
 the S()cict\' of 
 
 )\vs : l''< >r iii'ii-c 
 
 of the Ji-^uits 
 
 (he conver-.i. >\\ 
 
 iin to carry i>u 
 
 Is derived from 
 
 i(h\-iduals ; and 
 
 jsc |4'raiUs and 
 
 :ii iiu'd : besides 
 
 If poverty, the 
 
 for persnn.d 
 
 c trusts were 
 
 )reseiit is-^ue. 
 
 i the conmui- 
 
 ■ and revenue 
 
 oiiy, of wli.it 
 
 I their pii\-i- 
 )h;jiited faith 
 
 cie \\a^ kept 
 
 II tiie pos^es- 
 
 intrii^ued. and 
 iflen assailed, 
 es of Koin.in 
 re su[)[)re>sed 
 .ictini;, conse- 
 Meir 1 sence 
 
 le dominions 
 )lle^cs closed 
 Klin, the most 
 
 M-e their poli- 
 
 i,i„ ,,iiv ir„ .Hs„ Ifistory and Mischiif of the Oucbn fcsiii/ .h/. 
 
 I o 
 
 II 
 
 \ 
 
 tical intrii^ues and soci.d interference h,id set all parties a<^f, dust them. A ye.ir later 
 saw them meet the saiTie fate in Na))les. I'"inally, in 1773, while still enjoying in 
 New l''raiice, under a i'rotestant (jovernme'Ut, that which wasdcnieil them in Old 
 I'Vance under a Roman Catholic sovereign, I'opc Clement \l\'., actinij at 
 the desire ot all those Knropean Powers who had been suffering froia the machina- 
 tions of the Societ)', al.'solutiI\- suppressed and abolished it. His reasons for 
 d'ani;' so, as stated in the Hul' which decreed its sup[)rcssioii were — tiie acts of its 
 members in defiance of their own constitution, which forbade them to meddle in 
 politics; tile injury caused by their t|uarrels with local rclij^ious authorities, and 
 other re!i^i(jus orders ; their conformit)' to heatiteu usaL;t;s in China and other 
 l<].istern laiid.s; aiul the disturbances they had made in Roman Catholic countries, 
 which caused the s()verei<^ns thei'cof, of the same icli^don, to expel them from 
 their dominions. .\nd so the Hull i^t^es on to say that secii^i^ the Societ)- had 
 ceased to fulfd the intention of its institution, the Pope decl.ires it necessary, for 
 the peace of the Chmxh, that it should be suppressed, extinj^iu'shed, abolished, 
 and abio^ated forever, with all its rites, houses, coUet^es, schools and hospitals. 
 l'ro\ision was further n;ade for takin^^ over and administerin<^ the i)roperty of 
 the Societ)' and for the comluct of its members. 
 
 .Snch, then, was the position of aff.urs in 1774, when the British Government, 
 reco;4ni/,in_<; the fact that by the hii^hest authorit)- known to the Roman Cluu-ch, 
 and admitted b)- it as haviu;^ absolute control, the Society had ceased to exist as a 
 corporate or ecclesiastical bod)', [^ave instructions to the Governor-General of 
 t'anada to assume i)ossession of its propert)' as esciteatcd to the Crown. 
 In this the British Govei'nment violated no pledj^e — broke no coi;...iCt. 
 h simpl)- took otlid.d notice of an e\'ent which had hap[)eiied — of the demise 
 of a societ)' which K-f't no heirs nor successors, as they mii^ht of the demise ot 
 an individual simih'il)- situated. The property passed to the Crown as a matter 
 of law, and of rii^ht. It could pass only to the Crown, whatever its ultimate 
 destination mii,dit be, for there was no one else to receive it. 
 
 The manner in which the British Government exercised its ri^dits was in 
 perfect keepin<; with the <,'ood faith with which it had observed its treaty obliga- 
 tions throuL,diout. I iavin<; assumed the property which had devolved upon it by 
 the dissolution of the Societ)', it i)ermitted those of the Jesuits who chose to 
 remain to continue in possession till 1 800, when the death of the survivor took 
 place ; and then it recognized the trusts att.iching to the property, and, as far as 
 circumst.uices permitted, it executed them. It received with favor the petitions 
 of the Quebec House of Assembly, who, first in 1793, and o\\ subsequent 
 occasions, asked that the Jesuit estates should form a fund for the puriKxse of 
 educatit)!!. and finally, in 1S31, Lord Goderich full)' admitted the principle, and 
 directed that the estates shmild be api)lied inviolably and exclusively tor 
 promoting education, as, m fact, the)- had been applied for many years previously. 
 For that puri)ose the Government handed them over to the Province, in whose 
 pos.session they have rcmaineil, and for whose benefit they have been used 
 
74 
 
 The Canada Law /on ma/. 
 
 Ii I'l IMI \ I I, I iSi). 
 
 ever since, and mainly, toe. for tin- promotion of the Koman C'alliolir iaith.' 
 Now, in \\vw ot" these facts, what, we ma\" ask, becomes of the tic:ions an<! 
 assnmplions stateil in the |)ieaml)le ot'tlie Act? Whence is deriviul tlie ///e/v// M;;lit 
 of \\w jjix'sent Societ)' of jc-n^ to the estates foileitt-d h\- a foimci oiu-, whirli was 
 clissoUcd, not hy tlu' inil;.;ment of ,\ny I'lott'-^lant tribnn.d.hnt 1)\ tiial of thi- 1 'ope of 
 Konu', its superior and infallil)le head.i \\ luTe is thi'^ri)und lor coinpiMis.ilioii ? 
 M. Mert-ii'r admits that it rest> on no l";4al ri|.du ; and as the tiiists att.uinn;; to 
 the propert)' liavc been carried out, where is thi' eijuitable or moral riL;hi;-' And how 
 has he met the objections to his proccedtin;;^ basrd on the principle which his 
 predeccsstirs helped to establish \\ hill they vntt'd for tiu- si-cul.iri/.itioii nf the 
 Cler<^f\' Reserves ? What is there in the ( a>t' of thr b'suils to cnm inpl lluin troin 
 the operation wt tl'^at principle? Is ii that their ethics are supi-rior to those of 
 the Chiu'ch oi" I'av^land, whoM' eiid'iwnieiits ui-re tak'en from theni .' Is it the 
 sni)erior moralite ^y'i their nuiiduT^ ; Is it the fict that the\' own no allegiance 
 to the sovereign of these realms -that lhe\- aie, in the I'Xti'emest sense o! the 
 te'rms, forci,i,'nei.s and .dieiis, not to s.iy eiu mi' s, to the conunonwi-alth ? Is it 
 that on the testnnon}' of jjrofes'^iirs of their own t:re'ed they ha\e been e\er\- 
 uliere i)olitical intriL^ueis, disturbers of the public peace, destroyeis of domestic 
 happiness and domestic ties? Is it that with all their t dent f or or,t4ani/ati"n, t he 
 self sacrifice and self ilevotion of indi\'idu.d members, their _L;reat mis-<ioiiar\' 
 elforts (those brii^ht pa;_;es in their hislM|\) have been failun-s— failures as \ast 
 as were the elTorts tlic;_\' made? !•'< r we know that . despite the heroism and 
 talents of a Francois Xavier, the mart)-rtlom of a liit'bcuf or a Lallemand, und ot 
 Innulrcds f)f kindred spirits whose l)ones lie scatte'ri'd o\cr North and South 
 Ann.-rica, India, China and Jaj).in, the suin of their work, so far as the elevation 
 or ,id\ aiiceinent of the human race is concerned, is everywhere and alwa\'s 
 failure — failure, ahsolute and complete. What jirstificati )n has the Premier ol 
 Ouebcc shown lor his illegal and possil)l\' treason. dile iii\'itation to the !'o[)e()f 
 Rome to exercise JLirisdiction over i)ro[)erl\' in this I )omiiiion ? A nil, linall)-. what 
 ri^^dit h.is he shown to take from tlu- I'ro\ince ot"(Juebec. either bom the Roman 
 C'ath olic m.ijoiit)' or the Trotestant miiiorit}-. ,in\- sum of iiir)ne)', i^reat or small, 
 to cnd.ow an\' religious corj'xiration at the e.\pense of either one or the other ? 
 The j)ropert\- in (iue,stion is the property of \.\\v v\hii|e l'r(n'ince, j^dvcn to it, 
 and held !:>)• it for nearly a centiu')-, for the pur|)ose of education. To -'il'p')' 
 it, or any {)ortion o\' it, to endow an\' reli;_;iiais bod\', is a direct robbin<f of the 
 people, and especially of the Protestant iiiiiioritx', even thoUL^h the latter are 
 offered a bribe f)r their ac(iuiescence, to be raised by ,i tax laid upon themselves 
 
 \\ 
 
 SI 
 
 t 
 
 Ol 
 
 !|i 
 
 * How (liUcri'iUlv ini.uht tlu' liritish (Iumi i,iii(tit l);i\i' ,u ted li.id ilics- i.ikcn into acidimt tln' pa.-^i 
 hist(ir) ami tlu' lirc\ii)iis ( niiiliict ol lliosc \ulli whiiiii tlii'v were (Iciliii'-; li.ad llic\ icmi'tnlurijcl tiic 
 Jesuit plots ajjaiiisl (Jiue-n l-li/alicth, the ( iimpowilcr I'lut, ami tlu' inccss.int mtri^^ucs nl l.'itcr yrars 
 had thfv paid heed tc the dark niiiKus whiih .-issoci.atcd the |csiiits with the ass.issiuatioii ol ileiiry 
 the I'ouith, the massacre ol St li.irtholniinnv . the iiiiirder ot \\illi;im the Silent, ;ind e\en theile.ith of 
 l'o[ie (leincnt, 1)) ulioin 'hi'\' had been suppressed ; or e\cii if, discard int,' all these as idle tides, they 
 had jiid^i'd the Societ)- by its own iii.t\im, the adinitleil rule of all its policy "Cum finis i-sl luitii ■ 
 etuim media sunt lirila " tlie IriLihtln! :md horrihU di.'mor.di/iii'-; iiriiu ipie iliat the end justilies the 
 means I " 
 
I rl'l 11.11 ) I ,, I ^Sij 
 
 imm..,..v n, rss„. Ilislory and Misiliuf of I In (Juchcr /csiii/ .ItL 
 
 C'atliolii- faith.' 
 the I'lo; ions am! 
 1 the moral ri;;ht 
 '•IK-, (which was 
 .il i)t" the l'i)|n: tif 
 
 Ci illllHMIS.ltJi 111 ? 
 
 sts ;it tachin;^ to 
 ri.L^hl.^ And h^w 
 .'iplc whirh his 
 a'i/atioii (>r thi- 
 ■ni[)l th(.in tiiiiii 
 ■I ior to thi iM' . if 
 I'll! .^ [s it the 
 n no alU'^ianrc 
 c->l sense ot I hi! 
 
 iwc-altii 
 
 It 
 
 i\ e been v.\x-\\ - 
 
 rs o| (ioIIKVSlK- 
 
 rL;ani/ali"n. tiic 
 cat niis-ii Hiarv 
 aihircs as \ast 
 ic heroism and 
 Iciiiatul, and ot 
 rth and South 
 s the elev'.ition 
 e a!ii| al\\a\-, 
 tiic Premier ot 
 to the I'ope of 
 
 d, finally, wh.it 
 )\w the Roman 
 L^reat or small. 
 -' or the other ? 
 
 e, j^n'vcii to it, 
 )n. To a[)|)ly 
 ohbiivr of the 
 the latter are 
 on themselves 
 
 > .ui ciunl llii' pa.st 
 \ nrnumhi red tlu- 
 ii's (]| later \("ars 
 .iiialidii (i| iltMiry 
 I cM'i) ilic death of 
 .i.s idle talcs, they 
 iim finis I'sl luttu . 
 e end justilies the 
 
 !Uit it is eoiiteiuled thit this is a Provincial mafer entirely within tlu- 
 iuri.sdiction nf the \ roviiicial Li ;.{islatin<', which has a rii;ht to im orpor.iti', and 
 if it pleases, to endow from its own resources, an\' society that it clioose->, and 
 that liein;^' so no (;//<• outside that Province lias a ri;..;ht to interh.-re. Whether it 
 wiiuld he riL;ht for the Dominion ('iov(;rnmenr to interfere, or whether or not 
 such interference, as a matti'r of p.ilic)-. is desirable i matters into win'ch we do not 
 jiropost' to enter , the subject is one which the public of ihc; dominion have 
 clearl)' the riidit to discuss. They ha\e the ri-ht to protest .I'^ainst the eiulow- 
 meni, in aii\- portiMH of the Dominion, of a purel>- reli";ious body, contrar\- to 
 the -eneral policy of the Dominion. They ha\e tlu' ri-lit to protest a;;-.iinst this 
 (jffirial rt'co piilion of the secret rel"^io-])olit ical socic-t)- of tiie J.esuits as ,i body 
 corporate, ci\il or ecclesiastit'al. I'lu \ has e the ri^ht to sa\' tii.U in no part (d" tlic 
 Dominion should special pri\ile:(es and powei-> be '.;iven to a societ\" which, under 
 tlieL;uise of relii;ion, has pursiieil its own ends in defiance alike of moralitv and 
 (.!hristianit\-. has violated its own rules, and tiisre,L;anled tiie laws of every coiintr\' 
 in which it has existed; which ii.is bjcn ihe in^ti;4ator, M" no[ tiie pefiietrator, of 
 [private assassination and [lublic massacre : which has stirred U[) warand rebillioii 
 amoniv nations, ami destroyed the dome>tic peace of families ; which sub- 
 \'erts ever)' idea of mental ami moral independence, and makes a blind and 
 unreasoniiu; obedience to human ,uithorit\' take the place of the dictat's (>f 
 conscience and the teachin;.^' o[ Scripture. The\- h<ive the ri;..^ht to [)rote'-t, also, 
 against the I'ope ot Rome or an\- other lorei;4ii ecclesiastic, c)f aii)' (U'nomin.ilion, 
 or an\' alien power whatevcT, civil or ecclesiastical, interferitiLj in an_\- way, 
 dir(,'ctly or indinx'tly. in the affairs of this Dominion, or of ;m\' Pro\'ince widiin 
 it, tt) the subversion and undermininir of the just ri;_,dus ami pre-eminence of our 
 Soverei^^n in lier own dominions, and more" especially when such interference is 
 exercised on behall of a society which protesso no allei;iauce to an\' temporal 
 sovcrei'^n, ami whose .avowed aim, at the prest-nl moment, is to use c\-er\ means 
 to subvert reb'i^ions which conflict with its own, and to secure- that absolute 
 su[)reinac\' in temporal and spiritual affairs t'or tlu' heatl of the Church of Rome 
 which the British n.ition has for centuries been resislin!^^ 'I'iiey have- the ri^'iit to 
 protest against .a dislo)'al societ\', the existence of wiiich is ,i menace to the 
 intecjrity of the British h'.ni[)irt-, and wlmse members ait-.^.tid ti) i)e boiiiul bx' an 
 o.ith to aid in extirpating;' the " dainn.ible doctrines '" of the i lunch of haii^land, 
 and other Protestants, solemnly rcnouncinj.,^ all alleijiance to all heretical kin<^s .uul 
 ^governments, and bindin;,.; themselves when cdleil on to ' depose " them, and if 
 necessHr\-, " destroy " them. And it need not be stated here that tiic kinj^dom of 
 (ircat IJritain and Irel.iml is by its constitution a Protestant power. 'I'he 
 Dominion of Canada is a [)art of that i^re.it emi)ire, and owes alle<,;iance to a 
 soverci;.;n who by the law of the land must be a Protestant. 
 
 Happily there is in this matter no issue between Protestant ,iiul Roin.tn 
 Catholic. \\y none has the mischievous aiui meddlesome i)olicy of the Jesuits 
 been so resented a.s by other Roman Catholic bodies whose rii^hts it has interfered 
 with, whose operations it has hindered, and whose independence it ha^ subverted. 
 
The Ciiiiada Law fonvHiiL 
 
 I ' liii.ir > IS, |HS| 
 
 liv imni- Invi" its ihar.icttT aiul its principles bccti iiioic fiercely assailed, .iiul muK 
 vehemently (iiiiMiiiuctl, than h\' ini'ii kI tin l\i)in.in (alholic faith. By no ^ovc-rn- 
 nUMits Ii.is it hcoii •> I h.iishi)- ill'. lit with, and sm ah^ulutely suppressed, as h)' the 
 jjfoverniuents of such Mipr^im-ly K«iiii.m ( .ithnlic countrii's as Sp.iin, I''rance and 
 Italy, And it is oiil)' l)\' its success in the cause nf Ultr-iinotitaiiisin, and tlu- 
 (lestruciiim i\\ the ( i.dlicm and other nati' mal clunches, that it owes the lavor 
 it now enjoys. In lonclusion, we \enture to si\', 1)\- none will the action of 
 M. .Mercier he more hittei'ly lej^retled in time to come than l)\' the Kom.m 
 ' ".itholic^ of the Province (.( « )ucl)ec. 
 
 ill 
 
 /■///:' C(^xs 11 rrrioxAi.iTv or rni: or/'./u-A' /rsc/r act 
 
 I 111^ Art .ippe.ir- to ;^i\e anthontv to the I'ope to sanction or rati!)' the 
 distrihuiH 111 ( i| ilu' lej.;is|;iti\ e i^rant of .f.jod.cHK). I'he enactini^ cl.iuse provides 
 tli.il the mi)H( y is to he p,i\ ,d)le •' imder the ciinditious mentiimed in the docu- 
 ments cited ill the preamhie. This dele;,^,itioil <A .iuthorit\- til the I'ope. a 
 lorei^ii piiteiitate oi- si i\ ereij^n, hiiii^s up the tjuestioii whetlur the .Act iscmi 
 stitutii Mial, and alsu whether it intVin;^es the eNpres> pioxisioiis df linpeii.d 
 .statutes pi'wluliilini; foreign pdteiilale-^ eNercisin- ini-isdictiiiii m tlu' dommioiis 
 I't the ('iiiwii, which ,ire in force m ( '.mada. 
 
 It will, we thmk, t)e coiiieded, ,ipaii fi( Mn any provisions in Imperial st.itutes, 
 that it is iil/ra viirs the c 'p-.t itutu 'nal pnwer ni a cohmial li'i^islature loconteron 
 or dele;.^ate to ,iny forepj.n s. i\ eieiL;!), potintate, or tiihuiial, lawful jmisdic t'on or 
 authority to ditermiiu wv r.-itit\- tin distnliut ii in ol thf money-, or propervies ot 
 the ( row n, or how hk ,ne\ ■ nan Is lo the sul.'iects of the ( 'i( w n, within its cohtnial 
 jurisdiction, ;ire to he di->l t ihuted. 
 
 I he Imperial < rown nia)- in an\ proper case ai;ree w ith .mother i row n or 
 n.ition to refi-r to ;i si )\-ere!;,ni, or to .nhtir.itor- imitu,dl_\- .agreed upon, iiuestioiis 
 affcctini; its l)elli'.;errnt or teriito|-ial i i^^hts or <l,n'ms ; hm this ri'i;alit_\- ol the 
 lm])i'ri.ii (rown is not posM'ssed, nor cm it i)e exercised, |)\- a (nlomal L;o\c-rn- 
 meiit or le;4isl,ituri'. If it would \}v it.'/id :'//vv of the I .eL;is|ature of ( )ntario to 
 deleL;"ate authoiit)' to ,i Ioiimloi power saxtothe rresident of tlu I 'nitid States-- 
 to (listril)ute, or to r.itifs' the distrihution of jiuhlic mone\s le^all)' \ ( iled the ( 'k:rL;y 
 Kesei'M' moMe\^, lor iiist.uKc it follow -, that this delegation ot .lUthoril)' to thi- 
 I'ope In- lh( I ,c,;islature of ( )uel)ec musi also he /////v? 7'/;v.v. What would he 
 unconstitutional in ()nt.iiio must he <'(iu.ill\' unconstitutional in (Juebec. 
 .\o .St.tte oj the .Xmerit.m I nion, thou;^;h " so\ ereimi " in .i liimti'd sense, 
 can treat with forei'_Mi potentates, or ;_;i\e them jurisdiction to dispose r.\ 
 the inoiuw - or terriliiri.d pioperties of the .St.ite. .Nor can <in\' provision similar 
 to that in tins (juehee Act he found in the K'i;isl.ition of .ui)' civilized nation. 
 
 The Imperial r.irliament h.is from the cirliest da_\ s m.ade it a criminal 
 
 offence for subjects of the ( row n to procure judi;ments or determm.itions trom 
 
 the 
 
 1 1 
 Ill 
 
 ( < 
 
 I. 
 
 .1- 
 
 . . ii 
 
 1 K 1\ 
 
 Sec of Rome or from an)' other foreiL;n powers or potentates out of the realm ; and 
 
 'K. 
 
I I iMi.iry 15, ihS'i 
 
 i 
 
 i Im 
 
 ur)iN, n-.,,, rih- ('oustilHtionalify <>/ f/w (Jin/ui Icsitil Ad. 
 
 t I 
 
 ilfd, .ind more 
 
 ^«'il, as I))' tliL' 
 11, P'raiicr .iiul 
 lisin, .111(1 tlu; 
 WL's the favor 
 the action of 
 r the Roinati 
 
 ill ACT. 
 
 or latil) the 
 laiisc prov idi's 
 1 111 the docu- 
 I the l'o|ic, ;j 
 
 lit- .\y\ |-^ (I Ijl 
 
 ^ ot Imperial 
 hr diiiiimioii-. 
 
 •(■rial st.iUili--, 
 ■(■ lo ('( >i iter > in 
 
 iirixh'cti' III or 
 pr<ipir;i('- < il 
 
 III it-, rolonial 
 
 U'r en iwii 1 ir 
 11)11. (|U(.'stii m-^ 
 •,-alil\- ol' the 
 
 mial ;^()\frn- 
 
 I' ( )i)tarii) to 
 liti d Stales — 
 
 d tlie ( leri;)- 
 
 thorit)- to the 
 
 lal would be 
 
 in (Juebec. 
 
 imited seil^e, 
 
 I dispose o| 
 ^ isi( III similar 
 
 d nation, 
 it a criinin.d 
 K ms Iroin the 
 realm ; and 
 
 III' A' t < an he Idiiiid III till raihameiiiai)- annah nl" l'ji;..;laiid dele"alm" to a 
 ;iirei;.^n puteiitale .'aithorit\ to deterniiiie how ■.;iaiit-. nl mmiev to -aibji-cts of 
 
 the ( '|(i\\ n sh' "M he di-,pi .sed y.'i. 
 
 In the J31.., . ^ M and ;,Stli y^'A\-^ of j'.dward III. and th( 1 ;th .md loth 
 \(ai'o| Kich.ird II . t he. pre ihihitoi)' legislation .r^.uiist tlu Tape's inrisdn lion in 
 
 I .M;.;laiid ( iiinnii III ( d. I he sialiite, .'I lleiir\ \'lll,,e. 1 j, pn ihihil^ .nu t'l in i^n 
 inhihitioiis, a|)pi'al ■, 'iiteiK e ., iiid;^ineiil ^ or ,iii) 1 it In 'r process, cti ., lii iiii tlu' .See 
 
 I I Uoine or an \ I it her ti irei;.;ii i oints or pi iteiitatis, and pri'serihes peii.dties a"ain-t 
 pi isdjis within the realm, <//• ri'/////// itiiy of f/i. Kin^i^'i </i)niiiii(i)is, atti-niptiiiL; to 
 pi'M lire all)' sih h Iniiii the .See of Kmiie or Imm aii_\' foreign eoiirt ur poii ni.ite. 
 
 .\iii ither statute 1 1| the same )'ear e. 2\ pinhihits the Kin;^, his heiis, and 
 ill lessors. KiUL^sdl the realm, and all suhjeet - 1 it' the realm, e/- iV ///<■ ^/('///////('//.; 
 / :':i- Lri>:r//. hum suiii;,; Inr lieeiises, diNpcus.iiK lUs, ci impnsitii ms, taeulties, I'l'ants 
 n-i ripls, ii,'i(\^,i{i(>i.'s. or any other instruments in writiii;; froni the Ihsh ,p , ,1' 
 Uiiiiie, "called the I'l ipe," or Iroiii all) person I ir pt'isi HIS h,i\ iii!^ (ir preteiidini; 
 lo ha\e an\ authority by the same. " I he Imiil;. his hen- and successors," beiiiLj 
 1 \;iress|y named in the .\ct. the rei|.;iiiii;_; .Sovcreii^ii i-> boiuid by the prohibition 
 i't',{( s. lust. !')(> ; and it is not i\itliin the constitutional power of ,1 colonial 
 le_;is|,iture or ;_;ii\eriior toabsoKc ilu' (rowii troiii its pro\ i^ion-., or to enact or 
 .isscnl to ,my Hill \iolatiiii; this or .iiiv other Imperial .Sl.itute in toixe in the 
 I 'loll \. rile ( 'row II ( ,m onl) be ielie\ ed hum the prohibitions of the .\ct bs' thi- 
 powei th.it imposiil ihem, ii.imeK , ihf Imperial I'.irli.iment. 
 
 I'ait the si.itule- ol I'.li/.ibcth are more precise and emphatic, and in express 
 \iori|s .ibolish " the Usurped power and iurisdiction ol the Ihshop ol Koine, here- 
 tiloie unlaw lulU' cl.miu'd .md usiuped within this realm, (//.v/ rV/Wv //'c doiniitious 
 :<> tht- (]iii'(-ii\s .\/,i/i:\/v !>t-/inii^niiy. " 1 ', h.li/.abeth, c. 2 ; 1 I'di/.ibt'th. c. 1. Neither 
 ;iie treal\- surreiideriii;; ( '.an.ida to hiiL^land. nor the (juebec .\ct of 1774, .iltered 
 these st,itutoi\ pi ohibit il Ills ,i;^,i!iist tlu' loreii^ii jurisdiction of the l'o|)i', iioih 
 ;r. lilted III the 1 leiu h ( aiiadian subjet'ls of the ('rown libt'i'ty to pi-otess the 
 Uoiiiaii (atholii reli|_;ioii " so lar as the l,i\\ s o| (iriMt |)rit,iin permit," and in 
 "subjection to the ( row n ,11 id pai lianieiit ol ( inat Ih'it.im." 
 
 "The conditions mentioned in the documents" cited m the pre.imbli.- ol th,^. 
 .\ct, irn])iir'i into the .\( t the asstrtion that " f/u- Holy Tathcr rcscnwd to Inuisclf 
 \ till' ri'^hl ot sett/iiti; the <]in\\tio!i of ''-o jt suits' I'stiitt'i in C "c///r^/(?." and pro\ ide that 
 the proceeds of s.ale ,ire to be disposed of under a;^recnients " re//// ///<• sanction of 
 I tiic l\>/^t\" and that "theaniouiit ol' the compensation fixed | ,$400,000 1 shall rem.iin 
 ' in the hands ot'the L;o\eriiinent of the pro\ince. as a special deposit, /////// t/ie J\>/>e 
 ttis rati tied tlir saiti scttliinrnt and )uadc /['//oh'// /ns :cis/i s irsfOitii/ii- tin- disti ihii- 
 th'u (>l stti I'l aiitoiiiit in tins conni ryi' 
 
 I'hesi- extracts clearK' show an intent to conl'er upon the Tope — a torei^!) 
 poteiitati' a jurisdiction to (K'lermine how the Crown's L;rant ol mone\- is to 
 be distributed 111 I anada. In \iew of the constitutional tiueslioiis and statiitoi)- 
 provisions referred to abo\e, we are inclined to think that the question of the 
 \alidit\- or disallowance of the Jesuit Estates .\ct ol (Juebec, has not \-ct been 
 settled. 
 
 M