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And other lOaiida appenditnt to the Coatiocat, and tir ie newly dlfci
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WITH A PAETICOt AR I»|9C|t^#iail Op ,^-
r-ffi: GEORGIA WESTEm
The Whole comprifing upvordi «f ""
SEVEN THOUSAND DISTINjbr ARTICI.BS. .
C^oUefted and compiled frotn the beft Authoritiei, sdld i^rratiged with great <!ar^
by* and under the DireJiiioii ofy
JEDIDIAH MORSB, D. D. ^ ,
. Author ^the Ameilcan Univer£il Geography— Fellow of riw American Acadnnj of .
Aft| «ad Scieacet ■ mi Member of the Maflkchwfletti HiJftortcal Society. '
THE SECOND EDITION, CORftECTED,
ILLVSTR'aTKD with seven hew AMD iMr ROVED MAPS.
To wAiVi are adM,
FaAs and Cslculationt refocQing the PopHlatioii! and Territory of the
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
^
l^bllj^tjed otcoromg to H£t oC ConjirelV.
aeats
l^klNTED IN BOSTON, NEW ENGLAND.
/ Ronton:
^■"Xi^MNTED rOR, j. STOCKDAtE, PICCADILLY; C. DILLY, POULTRY:
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AND T, N. LOHqMAM, PATERNOSTER ROW.
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^Dt^EHTlSEMMNT.
a: r
'*%
Tti^ utility of thai /pedes if geiirafhUat diaUnaty^ aflit^iy,
tailed a Gtzetteer, v)het%er h tktends to the fctenee in geuetalt itr.
is confined to fonie pdrticuldr hranih of it, ti fufficiemN ackktw-'
ifdged and olvidus ; fince it may ie occafionally eonfulttd ky tAiH
ieadeTi who can immediately turn to the fubjefl on tuhiik hi iifi/hif
infotmatioHy which might coft him much time to find in a regttlat
Jyftem or continued tlarratiiJe. The prefeHt volume edtifijls, infaH^
of the American Geography of DotiTOH Mouse* a work aftki
greateft accuracy and merit, digefled into fhe^orm if a GaxettieV,,
but, as will appear from the Prefate of the judiciotts Authott tvitk
many important additioni and improvements*
It is prefumed that fueh a wbfk cannot but he highly aeteptihli
to perfons tf fcience tn this country, and to the pubtitf in genera/^
when it is conjldered that the American States, notwithfiaHdikg
their dijiance from EurUpe, have fo inereafed in population ahd
Hueafihi as to iecome of no little importance to iis interefis ; ana
hav^ latterly appeared, in fome degree, tf extend their influence to!
what has been termed its balance. JPolitieal dpiniotts and dilputes^
and, efyecially, the violent commotions which have convuljed the
Jifier (tngdom, have alfa conjiderahly intreafed the number of emi-
grations to that country ; and thofe who engage, whether from
thoice or necejfity, injuch undertakings, will naturally wifl to obtain
the mofl corretl information relatvOe' to the part of the world iti
which they mean to take up their rejtdenee. This, it may without
hefitation be ajjerted, they will here find. And Jlill more /» accom-'
modntefuch perfons, it has been thought not improper to fulgoin a
fmalltrdft, entitled, Fa£^« arrd C^AcxiU^otL^, wrttteh by a gentle*
Man who holds an important Jlation in the American States, and
containing ufejul hints and information to fueh as intend to remove,
to America.
Theprefent Edition of this Gazetteer may veryjujily claim a degree
of fupefiority to that publifiied in America \ as in it all the fupple-
ihtentary matter is incorporated in a proper alphabetic arrange^
tnent \ the plates are complete, which, in fame of the earlier copies of
the American edition they were not: and they are^ tlkewife, in fe*
yeral refpe^s, very greatly improved^
PREFACE.
zrzJi'i'ip^iiiiiN'N'i'f 'i'^iTii^^ •
P R E F A C E.
THE deiign of compiling and publifhing an American
Gazettber, was conceived, by the Author of the follow-,
ing Work, as early as the year 1*786, while he was travelling
through the United States, for the purpofe of colle£tin^ materials
for htiJmerican Geography, This deiign, perfeAIy coinciding in
its fubjeft with his other work, has never iince been relinquilh-
ed: opportunities have been carefully improved to procure in-
formation necelTary to its accompliihment^
. The Authoi^s profeifional duties, however->the delicate ftate
of his health; and the attention he has found it neceflkry to pay
to the revilion, correction and enlargement of the feveral editions
of his Geographical Work, have delayed the completion of the
Gazetteer much longer than was at ni-ft contemplated : but the
^lay has enabled him to render the Work much more accurate
and perfect, than it otherwife mufl have been, by availing him-
ielf of a laree mafs of information, contained in the numerous
maps, pampnlets, and larger works, which have been brought
into public view, in the courfe of a few years paft.
Soon after the plan of this Work was conceived, and fome
little progrefs made in collecting materials for its accompljQi-
ment, the Author was informed that Capt. Thomas Hutchins,
then Geographer General of the United Sta^^s, contemplated a
Work of the fame kind : to him, as being. Itom tlie nature of his
office, far more competent to the talk, be cheerfully reiigned his
preteniions, and made him a tender of all the materials he had
collected. But, with a kindnefs and generofity which Howed na<r
turaliy from his amiable and noble mind, Capt. Hutchins declined
the onTer, relinquilhed his deiign, and put into the hands of the
Author all the collections he had made, together with his maps
^nd explanatory pamphlets, which have contributed not a little
to enrich this Work.
The fame kind of liberality was received from the Rev. Dr.
Belknap, ofBoiton, who had alfo meditated a Work of this
iort From his manufciipt minutes, efpccially from the third
volume of his valuable Hiftory of New-Hanip(hirc, and alfo
from his entertaining volume of AmericaQ Biugraphy, very con-
iiderable aifiitance has been derived.
Edwards's Hiitory of the Weil- Indies — Saint Mery's topa-
giaphical and political defcription of the Spanifh part of St. Do-
mingo — Raynal's Indies — Uobertfon's Anqierica — Malliam's Na-
\^l Gazetteer — A compendious Geographical Dictionary — Great
Hiftoric*i
#•
PREFACE. r
Hiftorical Diftionary— Furlong's Ameiican Cbaft Pilot-— The
CcUeftions of the MaiTachufetts Hiftorical Society, both prioMd
and manufcnpt—Bartcam't Travels— Jeftrfoo** Note»--Haxard*s
Hiftorical CoUcfiions — Imlay's Kentucky — Cafey's American
Mufcumr-Gordon's and Ramfay's Hiilories of the Revolution-
Sullivan's Hiftory of Maine — Williams's Hiflory of Vermont—
— Whitney's Hiftory of the county of Worceller— An American
Oatetteer» 3 vols, (anonymous) — ^Brookes's Gazetteer, inoproved
by Guthrie— Scott's Gazetteer of the United Sutes— Cook%
Anfon's, UUoa's, and Portluck's and Dixon's Voyages.— Chade*
voix's Hiftory of Paraguay — Clavigero's Hiftory of Mexico—'
Fleurieu's Diicoveries of the French in 1168-9-^ A£ls and Laws
of many of the States — thefe, and many other lefs important
Works, liave been carefully confulted, ^d fome of theni have
aftbrded much matter to increafe the value of this volume.
Added to thefe, the Author has availed himfelf of the informa-
tion to be derived from all the valuable maps of America, and
its iflands, particularly Arrowfmith's late excellent map, exhibit-
ing the New Difcoveries in the interior parts of North-America
— Des Barres' Charts — Holland's Map of New-Hampfhire —
Whitelaw's of Vermont— Harris's of Rhode-Ifland — Blodgel't
of Connefticut— De Witt's of part of New-York— Howell's of
Pennfylvania — Griffith's of Maryland and Delaware — JefTerfon'i
of Virginia — Hutcliins's, Imlay's, Lewis's, and Williamfon's of
the country weft of the Alleghany Mountains — PurceU's, and
others of the other Southern States-— Edwards's and St. Mery's,
of the Weft-Indies, and many others of lefs note.
The various Treaties witli foreign nations and with the Indian
tribes, the newfpapers, and the publications of various defcrip-
tions from the Several branches of the Federal Government, with
which the Author has been obligingly futnifhed by fome of the
Heads of Departments— many manufcript communications by
letter and otherwife ; particularly the valuable M. S. Journal and
Map of Capt. Joseph iNoaAHAM, a confiderable difcoverer on
the N. W. coaft of America, — ^and the manufcript Journals of
feveral 4>ther voyagers and travellers, whofe names I am not at
liberty to mention — thefe fources of informatior^ have alfo faith-
fully been improved to enrich this Work.
After all, it is but proper here to ohferve, that a very conlider-
able part'of the matter of this volume has been felef^ed, and
alphabetically arrangf^d, under the proper heads, from The Ame-
rican Univerfal Geography *.
In tlie compilation of this Work, which, an infpedion of it
muft evince, has coft much application and labour, the Author,
unwilling to divert iiis attention more than was abibiutely necef-
• From this Work, Mr. Scott, Author of the Gazetteer of the United States,
derived no iiiiall part ot the ini'oDnation contained in his Book, though he has
not been candid «noiig!i to acknowledge it in l)ii pieface.
favy.
"imm
tmm
tl ... iSFACE.
Urft from his moi c important profeffmnal dutlei, hal tffflptoyed
lir. John Lsmdrum, Author of a ufeful compendious Hiftory
•f the AmcricaO Revolution, to felc^, arrange, and copy th€
materMls for the Work, from the large col legion of oooks^
naptt and other printed and manulcript papers, enumerated
abovCy ivith which the Author fumifhed him. In this arduous
Wifieft, Mr« Lendrunr has been conAantly employed, under the
diredion, and at the expenfe of the Author, for more than two
years paO, and has executed it with fatisfa£lory care, fidelity^
and judgment. I1ie whole of the manufcript, however, has un-
dergone the moft careful and critical infpedtion and correction of
tfie AuUior, who has alfo correAed all the proof Iheets frohi the
prefs.
After all the pains wjiich have been taken, and the expenfe
beftowed upon tne Work, it muft not be expected, for it is nof
pretended, that the Work is free from errors. Its nature, and
the circumftance of its being the firft work of the kind in thi^f
couiltry, upon fo large a fcale, render its prefent perfection next
to an im| flibility. The Author, confcious of having done his
utmoft to reiser it. complete, accurate and ufeful, Ibticits the
candor of his readers, and particularly a correction of every
error*, however fmall, which fails under their ohfervation. It il
koped that no very important or offenfive error will be found lit
the Work.
In explanation of the Work, it is proper to obferve, that the
mimber of inhabitants in tlie feveral Hates, counties and towns*
except in the ilates of New- York and 1 eneilee, where there has
been i later enumeration, is taken from an olficial copy of the
general cenfus of 1790.
The diftances and bearings of places are taken, in moil in-'
fiances, either from the Lift of Poft-Officcs ; the Tables in Re«
gtfters and Almanacks, the Journals of Travellers, the records or
Journ*ls of Legiflatures, manufcript furveys, or from maps. In
this part of the work, where the diftances have been meafured
on maps, which, in too many inftances, are not to be depended
on, the Author is apprehenfivc that fome errors will be found.
The diftances are generally reckoned as the roads run. Whert
it is coniidered how liable tranfcribers and printers are to hiif*
takes, in a work where figures and lingle letters ftanding for
words, make fo great a part of it ; how great confufion the mul-
titude of places of the liMne name in diflerent flaf^s, and mpny
times in the fame ftate, nnuil i leate, and how difficult il is for an
Author to corre^ a work of this complex kind, an apology will
readily be found by a candid mind ft>r a ct>nfiderable nunibcr of
rniftakes, fhould they be faund, in refpeA to the diftances, bear-
ings, latitudes and longitudes of places.
The table of Po^-Offices, Sec. obligingly furnifhcd by the
Author, Mr. Abraham Bradley, jun. who has in other ways
' ' contributed
PREFACE.
vil
contributed to increafe the value of thii Worki furn!(hci corrc^ in*
formation concerning the Poft- towns throughout the United Slitet.
Longitude is reckoned uniformly from the meridian of jLpadon
or Greenwich, except where die reader has notice to the contrarjr.
The difFerent fpelllng of the fame namef» efpecially thole pf
Indian derivation, among Authors and Map>makets» lias occa-
fioned no fmali difficulty to the Author, In i. .ny inftancci, Che
different fpcliings have beon given ; in others, the fpelling hasbeea
Jeft equivocal, the fame word being fpelt differently in dificrc||t
places.
I'he civil diviiions of tl«e United States are no^ uniform in all
the ftates. The five New-England Hates, and New- York, New-
Jerfey, : d Pennsylvania, are fubdivided into cQHnti$i and ttwn-
Jhipt\ and moft or the townfhipsin New-England are fubdividiQd
into pariflus und prednffs, PanJIi is an etclefiajiical diviiion. The
ftates South of Pennfylvania are divided generally, only into<0MM*
ties. The L«w».r Country ^ in S. Carolina, retains ita original diviiion
into parijhtsy which are di{lri£ts anfwering, in many refpeds, to
counties m other dates. A fowif, in the Southern dates, docs not
neceflarily imply an incorporated diilrid, as in the northern
ilates ; any number of compa£t houfes, few cr many, is there
denominated a fwn. Town and townjhip^ in New-England ami
New- York, are generally ufed as of fynonymous iigni£cation, and
are all incpvporatcd by law.
Any Cape^ Forty Pointy Lakey Bay^ &c. or anjr place that has
Newy Eajiy Wefl^ Northy or Southy prefixed to it, ifnot found un-
der thefe general terms, is to be fought for under its diftin^ive
name ; as Fort Sehuyltry for inftance, look for Schuylery F»rty &c.
The article Georgia Westf^rn Territory, with what it
annexed to it at the end of the Work, compiled with j^reat labour
and care, and with a ftri£t regard to truth and impartiality, w?!2, no
doubt, be interefting to all who are, or may be concerned in
the late Durchafe ofa confiderable portion of it. Hie excel-
lency ot the foil and climate of this country, its advanta|;eou$
jituation for agriculture and commerce, ano the rapidity with
which it will probably be fettled, vender it a fit objea of pubU9
attention, and very important as zfrontiery in an expofed part of
the United States^ Its fettlement, upon regular anci proper efta-
bli(hments, by a people friendly to the rights and intereits of th^
Indians, ^nd under the government of the United States, would,
at this tioie? be of immenfe utility to the union and profperity of
the ftates.
As the "plan of this Work embraces the Spanifh and French
dominions in South America and the Weft-Indies, forae Spanifh
and French names and terms aie made ufe of, which require, to
fin Englilh reader, fome explanation ; the few following are an-
nexed,: ^ , ■ .
Aixa or AlxoSy a general term for Flats or Shallow St on the
OQithcpaft of South America. Anfe^^Covu
Barcaderett
'Ji^fc.
iriS
PRfeFACt.
ffttmdtrest a term (ignifvinr iandinit places. "
Bm)t9St on the coaft of Brazil, in South America, If a name for
Bnetit ■ term ufed on the north coaft of South America* or
the Spaniih main, for a Month or Channel.
Ce^es or CWjri, in the Weil- Indies, are little IJleinds and Roeh*
difpencd among thofe iilands.
Chleot on the weft coaft of New Mexico, in the Pacific Ocean^
fignifies Little.
Forta leza^ a term for Fert^ on the coaft of Brazil.
Gut, in the Weft-Indies, is a term for tlic opening of a river or
krook.
Mtrrc, is a term for Head land or Premontory, on the coafts of
Chili and Peni in South America.
Sierrat a word ufed for /fi7/, on the coafts of Chili and PerU>.
Slerril/o, means a little hill on the fame coaft.
TrmLtpfiffufien The Hole.
Charlestown, June I, 1797.
The following articlet were received too late to be infeited in the body of the Work'.
ADDISON, m townthip of the Dif-
•triQ of Maine, in W.-tfliington county,
.10 ntilet foutb of wcil of Machias ) on
the (m board, httwccn Enrjiihmen's
hay and Pieafant river. It was called
No. 6, until it was incorporated in Fe-
bruary, 1797.
Alabaha, a confiderable river of
Georgia, which purfuea a foutherly
courie to the Gulf of Mexico, xoo miles
weft of the bead of St. Mary's river.'
Ita banks are low, and a trifling rain
fwella it to inore than a mile in width.
In • flrefhet the current is rapid > and
thofe who pafs are in danger of being
entangled in vaqes and briars, and
drowned^ they are alto in real danger
from great Anmbers of hungry aliigaiors.
The country for nearly 100 miles on
each fide of this river, that is to fay,
from the head of St. Mary's to Flint
river, which is 90 miles weft of the
Alabaha, If a contrnucd loft, miry,
pine barren, aifording neither water nor
food for men or beads ) and is (b poor
indeed as that the common game of^ the
woods are not found here. The coun-
try on the weft of Alabaha is rather
preferable to that on the eaft.
Alabamovs^ an old French fort, in
the weftem part of Georgia i fituated
between Coofa and Tallapoofe rivers,
and not far from their confluence.
Albany, a Britifti fortrels in New
South Waicii, North- America. N.lat.
5». 14.. fo. W. Ions. Si. 59. s'-
Amuskbag Ftf/^. For <« a bridge
acrol's the falls," &c. read ** a bridge a
little below the falls,'' tec.
AuGU STA, a town of Upper Canada.
B AHIA Hetitfti, a bay on tlif! north-
em fide of the ifland of Cuba. The bay
has 15 and 10 fathoms water, the en-
trance into the harbour J, . and anchor-
age in 4 and 5 fathoms. T^e entrance
lies in N. lat. 13. 16. W. long. S3.
*5.
-1
THE
THt
AMERICAN GAZETTEER.
ABI
AAROMSBURGH, lie* at tht hnd
of Fmn's Cmk. NorthumbcrUnd
county, Pcnnfylvanis, about 30 mUw
wefterly Arom Lewilbargh, and 40 W.
by M. from Sunbury.
Abacco» or FrtvUtmtt one of the
Bahama iflandi, in the Atlantic ocean,
fuhjeft to Great-BriUin. N. lat. 14.
W. long. 77. Sec Prwidniet,
ABAC90CHBi,or Cttfttt a large ri-
ver riling in the S. W. Territory, paf-
ling into Georgia, through the Cneroliec
into the Creek country, where it unites
with the Chikfuflue, and forma the
Alibama.
Abbbvillb Ctiuajt in Ninety*8ix
diftrifi, S. Carolina, boxmded on the
N. E. by the Saluda, and on theS. W.
by the Savannah, ia 35 miles id length
and tt in breadth} contains 9197 in-
habitants, including 1665 flaves.
Abbrcorn, a fmall town on Savan-
call river, in Georeia, about 5 miles
from Ebenezer, and 1 3 N. W. of Sa-
vannah.
Abineav Portt on the N. fide of
Lake Erie, is about 1 3 miles W. S. Vf.
from Fort Erie.
Abinodon, a town at the head of
the tide waters of Bufli river, Harford
couniy, Maiyland} la miles S. W.
fhpi Havre-de-Grace, and ao N. E.
fioin Baltimore.^'-Cokefbm'y College,
ioitituted by the Methodiils, in 178 5^
is in this town.
Abingdon, the chief town of Wafh-
ington county, Virginia, contained but
about io houfes in 1788, now (1796)
upwards of 1 50. It is about 14.5 mile»
from Campbeir* flation, near HoUUmi }
ABI
s<p from Richmond, in Virgiaii* in •
direft IL t, and 310 as the road nms»
bearing a ' ttk to tht C- of W. Lat*
36. 30. N.
Abinotom, a townflilp in PlymoutH
countv, Malbchufttts i aa roikia fbuth*
caAerly from Boflw, and tqntaias 1451^
inhabitants.
Abinotom, a par.th in the town of
Pomfret, in Cowietticm.^
Abinotom, avilbae in PennfylnN
nia, is miles N. of Phuadalphiak
ABiroNBS, an Indian nation in P».
raguay, 8* America.
Abitibbi, a (mall lake in upper
Canada} on the S. fide of which la «
fettlement called Frederick^ which laft
lies in-N* lat. 49. W* ksog* 79* 4o» Alfo
the name of a river which runs N« and
joins Moofe river, near ita mouth at
Jameses bay.
Abitibis, a lake N* of Kipidinf
lake, the N. B. boundary of Canada^
in New South Wales } it has commu*
nication with James's bay, near MooA
Fort. N. lat. 59. 3^. W. long* 78* 5*
AbramV Cretkt falls into Hudlbn*B
ri vtr, near the city of Hudfon.
Abrojos, or Baxoj de ^oBaeth b
bank, with fcveral fmall rocks ahd iflcss
£. of Turk's iHand, in N. Hit* si. 5*
W. long. 69. 40* Between this h»ak
and Turk*8 ifland is a deep channrU for
fliips of any burden, 3 leagues wide.
Abrolhos, dangerous Ihoals, about
50 miles from the coaft of Braail, and
near the ifland of St. Barbe.
Absecon Meacb, on the coafk of
New-Jerfey, 16 miles S.W. from Littk
Egg Hmrbour,
A ACAttA,
9 AC A
ACA«IA» tlwiMnieby which Nova-
Scotia wascallfldt when it belonged to
the Flrench. Its limits, as fcttlcdby the
traaty of Utrecht, in 171 3» were St.
Lawrence river on the N. Fenobfcot W.
and the gulf of St. Lawrence on the E.
This name was firft applied to a triift,
from the 40th tq the 46 til degrees of N.
ht.j|riPt!e4to0eM9iiS4 Nov. 9» i<93i
by mnry IV. of France.
AcAPAtA, tK AcafntUki a town m
tht province of Chiapa, New Spain.
tt isfituated on the Tobafco river, near
the city of Chiapa, and not l^r from a
bay in the South Sea, called Teguanti.
pac.
AcA^VLCO, a city in New Spain, on
a bay 'of the pa^ifio ocean, 110 miles
S. Ek of M-. :!C0 ;, the chief port in this
fta, and the principal mart on the whole
coaftk Its harbour is^ fo ^Mcious that
imral hundred fliips may ride in it
without inconvenience. The mouth,
which is defended fay a low ifland, about
a mile and a half long, and half a mile
tavad, haviijig a wide and deep channel
at each cud ) the weiternmott channel is
the narrowtft, but fe deep that there
is no anchoring } and the Manilla fliips
pafs hi that way ; but thefe from Lima
enter through the S. W. channel. This
harbour runs N. about three miles { then
growing very narrow, tmns fhort to the
W. and a mile farther it terminates.
The town ftands at the mouth of this
pafiage, on the N. W. fide, dofe by the
fta, aiid at the end of the town is a
platform mounted with guns . Oppofite
ttt^ the town j on the E. fide, is a high
and ftron^ caftle, with giuis of a large
fite. S*-_j- '-emmonly ride near the
bottom of the iiarbour, under the com-
mand of the caftle and platform. The
town furrGiinded by very high moun-
tains, is fo unhealthy, fo deftitute of
good water, and fo cfifagreeable, that
fxciept whentne Manilla galeon is there,
and while the confequent fair continues,
it is almoft deferted by th<; inhabitants.
Wbenlhe arrives in this port, flie is
generally moored on its weftcrn fide ;
and her cargo, ronfifting of fpicf s, all
forts of Chinefe filks and manutu£lures,
filk ftockings, Indian fluffs, calicoes,
chintz, together with other fmall arti-
cles, as goldfmiths work, &o* are de-
livered with all expedition j when the
town of Acapulco, from almoft foiitude,
is thronged with merchants from ail
AGO
Crti of Mexico and Peru. The carMl
ing huidcd, the filvcr and the gooda
intcMcd for Manilla aretaken on board,
and the Ihip prepares to put to (ea with
the utmoft exjiediti<m. The galeon
takes in here, m return for the gooda
which flie brings, at leaft ten millions of
dollars, a part of which pays the Span-
jfli gsirrifons in th$ Philippine illands.
The comnierce of this p'ace with Peru
i& rot, as many writers have miftakeilt
confined only to the annual fliip firmn
Lima } for at all other fealbns of the
year, ^cept that wherein the Acapulco
mip arrives, the trade is open, and ihips
from Peru come hither frequently to
exchange the commodities of that coun-
ttry for thofe of Mexico. From the end
cf November to the end of May, they
have no rain heic, and it is fo hot in
January, when the fair generally begins,
that merchants arc obliged to do their
bufinefr chiefly in the morning. Wi^n
the fair is over, almoflevery body leaves
the place but a few blacks and mulat-
toes. The town is governed by a chief
juftict, who has «o,ooo pieces of eight
per ttmmm \ and the curate, though al«
lowei\ but 180 pieces <^ eight, makes
his place worth §4,000 by the burial
fees of <H^';<figers who die here, or on
board the fhips in the harbour. There
is au hoAntal maintained here, by de-
duAions from the pay of the foldiers,
and the alms of the merchants . With-
in a league of the E. of Acapulco, is
PortMarquis,a very good harbour, where
the fhips firom Peru generally run in
contraband goods. Lat. 17. sa. N. long,
roa. ao. W.
AcARAi, a town in Paraguay, S.
America, buiit by the Jefuits, in 16x4.
N. lat. x6. W. long. 51. 5.
AcASABASTiAM, a river in the pro-
vince of Vera Paz,. in Mexico. It runs
into the Golfo Dulce, and has a town
(ituated on its banks, of the fame name.
The fource of this river is not far from
the South Sea.
AcASATHVLA, 1 fca^port, fituated
on a point of land, in the province .of
Guatimala proper, in Mexico, on a bay
of the South bea, about four leaguea
from Trinidad . It receives the greateft
part of the treafures from Peru and
Mexico. In its neighbourhood are thire
volcanoes.
ACOMA, a town in New Mexico,^
North America, fituated on a high'
mountain,
the pro-
It runs
a town
ft
jRiBDntda» with a ftrong caftle, and m
the capitid of thepravince; N. lat. 35.
W. long. 1*4. t f .
Accomack Cotmty, in Virginia, it
iituated on a pcninfula, bounded N. by
Maryland, E. by the oeean» and on the
W. by Cheiapeok bay, and conuins
13,959 inhabitants, including ^%6%
ilaveis.
AcKLiN V Ke^t lies about fifty miles
S. E. from Lone-Ifland, or Yuma, one
tof the Bahama iflands. li: has Long
Key 1 1 miles to the N. W. Upon the
fouth eaftward tide is an entire chaui of
rocks. N. lat. is. to. W. long. 73. 30.
AcHiACHiCA, a town in Mexico.
i'See Angehs,
AcouEZ,an Indian nation in Canada.
A'C(^acknaCK, or AcquaiiiiunkiZ
town on the W. fide of Paflaic river,
in "Effex coanty, New-Jerfey, 10 miles
N'. of Newark, and 17 N. W. from
New- York.
AcToN, a townfliip in Middlefex
county, Mailachuletts, containhig S53
inhabitants ; a4 miles N. W. of l^fton.
Agworth, a townfliip in Chefliire
county, New-Ham{Mfhire, incorporated
in 1766, and contains 704 inhabitants;
S miles E. by N. fronrCharleltown, and
yj N. W. by W. from Portfrnouth.
Adams, a townfliip in Berkfliire
c Junty, Mafacbnfetts, containing 1040
inhabitants, is about 140 miles N. W.
of Botton. In the northern part of
this town, is a great natural curiofity.
A pretty mill ftream, called Hudfon's
Brook, which rifes in Vermont, and
falls into the north branch of K«oAick
river, has, for 30 or 40 rods, formed a
very deep channel, in Ibme places 60
feet deep, through' a quarry of white
marble. Over this channel, where
deepeft, fome of the rocks remain, and
form a natural bridge. From the top
of this bridge to the water, is 6i feet ;
its length is about 11 or 15, and its
breadth about 10. Partly under this
bridge, and about 10 or la feet below
it, is ancllier, which is wider^ but not
fo iqng{ for at the eaft end they fohn
one body of rock, ii or 14 feet thick,
and under this the water flows. The
rocks here are moftly white, and in
other places clouded, like the coarfe
marble common at Lanelborough, and
in other towns in Btrkftilre county.
Adamstown, a town in Lancafter
county, Pennlylvania, containing about
ADA f
40 hottfea { ao miles N. E, of Laatafter.
A D A Yi 8. See Mtxicam River,
Addison CSNMtfjrtia Veraionty is oa
the eaft fide of Lake ChamphUn, and
is divided nearly into equal parts by
Otter creek) has Chittendeh county
on the 4.M. aiid Rutland county on the
S. and contains (4f 9 tnhabitanta, dif-
pcrfcd in II townfliips. It is about 30
miles by 27 i a range of the nten
mountains pafles through it. Chief
town Middlebury, grantol Nov. S7<t.
Addison, a town of the above
coanty, containing 401 inhabitants^ It
lies on Lake Champlain, and is feparat-
ed from Newhaven, on die E. by Otter
creek. Snake Mountains on the S. E.
lie partly in this townfliip, granted 1761.
Ade<^uatamgis Creek, in New-
York ftate, is the eaftem head water of
Sufquehannah river.
Admiralty Bayt and Port MuU
grave, on tbeN. W. coaft of America,
Tie inN. bt. 5^. 31. W. long. 140. 18.
• AdsonV Town, lies near the N. E.
line of New-Jerfey, and S. E. of the
Drowned Lands } ay miles N. of Mor«
riftown, and 24 N. W. of Patterfon.
AFFVBRAfOne of the iflands ofjuan
Femandes, on the South Sea coaft, in
the kingdom of Chili. Long, froiii the
meridian of Callao, 3b. so. about 400
leagues to the Nv of Cape Horn. This
coaft fwarms with fea lions and wolves*
AGAMBMTiGUs,amountain of con.
fiderable elevation in the diftri£l of
Maine, diftant about fix miles from Bald
Head, and eight from York harbour.
Lat 43'. 16; N. and 70. 39. W. long,
from Greenwich. It is a noted land-
mark for feamen, and is a good direc-
tory for tlie eritiy of Pafcataqua harbour*
as it lies ve^y nearly in the fame meri-
dian with it, and with Pigeoq Hill, on
Cape Ann. The mountain is covered
with wood and flirubs, and aifords paf.
luie up to its fummit, where there is an
enchanting profpe£l. The cultivated
parts of the country, efpecialJy on the
S« and S. W. appear as a beautiful ^.
den, interfe€lea by the majeliic river
Pal'cataqua, itsba]^ and branches. The
immenfe ranges of mountains on the N.
and N. W. afford a fublime fpe6lacte )
and on the fea fide, the various indent-
ings of the coaft, from Cape Ann to
Cape Elizabeth, are plainly in view in
a clear day; and the Atlantic ft etches
to the E. as far as the power of viiion
A 7. extmds.
*
wtcnd*. Ai thU fpot the betringi of
the foll««rlng elij«ft« were talan» ^vith
mimnA fyurnjVnf^ inftmmenty Q&abtx
Swnmtt' of the White Mountains,
U. t J. w.
Cape Porpoif'c, N. 63. E.
Roebefter Hill, N. 64. W.
Tuckaway South Peak, S. 80. W.
FSroft'a Hill, Kitt«ry, S. 57. W.
. Saddlcof Bonabea^,N. 14. W.
Ifle of l^aU Meeting-houle, S. 6. E .
■ Vaniey's Htll, ih Dover, diftant lo^
milM by meniuration, N. 89. W«
Variation of the Needle, (. W.
Agamenticus, a river in the centre
of York county, dj^iA of Maine. It
is indebted toYhe ocean for its waters,
through PaCcatequa Bay) having no
confiderable aid tiom ftreams of frelh
water. Its moath is about four miles
ibutherly from Capie MedUic river.
Small vdl'els can enter lierr.
Aqamuntic, or Amaguutie Pond,
in the diltrift of Maine, fends its waters
Borthwai-d to the Chs^udiere, th»ugh
the weft branch of chat river.
ACOMISO, an iihtid in James's Bay,
■car its weltern coall, N. N. E. from
Albany Fort.
AouGA Capty 00 the coaft of Peru,
S. Ain^frica, lies fouthward of Puira, in
the 60th deg. of S. lat. and iii k'le Sad of
W. long.
Alauaha, a confiderable river in E.
Florida. Alio faid to be the name of
a branch of St. Mary's river.
. Alabama, an Indian village,delight-
fully fituated on the banks of the Mif-
iiflippi, on feveral fwdling green hills,
gradually afcending from the verge of
the river. Thefe Indians aie the re-
mains of the ancient Alabama ration,
who inhabited the eaft ann of the Gretit
JMhbile rifvcr, which itill hears their
name, now pofleiTcd by tlie Creuks, or
Mufcogulges, who conquered the for-
mer.
Alabama Rkjer, is formed by the
junflion of the Caofa or Coofee, cr High
Tootw river, and Tallapooli-e river, at
Little Taila'ee, and runs in aS. W. di-
ri:£lion, until it meets TomSighce river
from tl>c N. W. at tlic v^\x:\t illaiKl
which it there (01 ins, 90 miles from the
mouth of Mobili; bay, in tiie gulpli of
Mex.co. This beautiful river has a
gentle current, pure waters, and excel-
lent fi/h< It runs about I iiuics an hour,
ALA
is 7» or to rods wide at its head, aad
from r5 to it Act deep» in ,the driaft
leafon. The banks are about fo feet
high, and feld^ra, if ever, overflowed.
Travellers have sooe down ia large
boats, in the month of May, ia 9 days
from Little Tallafee to Mobile hay,
whi^ is about 350 miles %y water.
Its banks a.'Mmnd with valuable pro*
duAions in the vegetable and mineral
kingdoms.
Alabaster, or Eltuibtrat one of
the Bahama or Lucavo iilands, on
which is a fmall Ibit and ^rrifon. It
is on the Great Bahama Bank. The
foil of this ifland, and Harbour Ifland,
which lies at the nt>rth end of it, is bet-
ter than Providence Ifland, and pro-
duces the greateft part of the pine-ap-
ples that are exported ^ the climate ia
very healthy. N. lat. a 5. to x6. W«
long. 75. to 76. 5.
Alachua Savannah, is a level
Jre?n plain, in %\yt country of the In-
ians of that name, in E. Florida, fitu-
ated about 75 miles weft from St. Au-
guAine. It is about 15 miles over, and
50 in circimiference } and Icarceiy a
tree or bufli of any kind to be feen on
it. It is encircled with high floping
hills, covered with waving loi'etls, and
fi*agrrant orange groves, rtfmg from an
exutierantly fertile foil. The ancient
Alachua town ftood on the borders of
this Savannah } but the Indians remov-
ed to CufcowiUa, t miles diftant, on
account of the unhealthinefs of the for-
mer fcite, occafioned by the ftench of
the pi«rid fifli and reptiles, in the fwn-
mer and autumn, driven on Ihore byt
the alligatora, and the noxious exhala-
tions trom the inarlhes of the lavannah.
Though the horned cattle and horfes
bred in thefe meadows a^e large, flcek,
fprightly, and fiat, yet they are Ibbjefl
to mortal difeail'S i fuch as the water
rot, or fcaid, occafioned by the warm
water of tlte lavannah ; while thofe
which range in the high forefts are
clear of this dilbrder.
Ai.ACRANES, Los, a long range of
(houls, banks, and rocks, on the Ibuth
iide of the gulph of Mexico, opp^ilite
the peninfula of Yucatan, ealt from
Stone Banic, and weft from Capo St.
Antonio } within the a 3d deg. of N.
lat. and between the 89th and 91ft de-
grees of W. long.
Alaske, a long psninfula on tho
^i. W. eoaft
111. W* eoift of' AiMerict, Afmci \y
Briftoi bay and the ocean on the N. W.
«iid N. audby the ocevi and the wa»
ters of Cook's river on the S. and S. E.
At it* extren>ity are a number o<^iflancl«,
the chief of whieh> in their order weft-
ward, are» Oonanak, Oonahflia» and
Octimnak, which form part of the chain
or clulUr of tflande xalled the North-
cm Archipelag*. Capt. Cook» on bis
return in 17791 P>fl«d through the
channel «aft of Ooneniak ifland. See
N* f^n CoMfi of Amtrum,
Alatamaha, a navigable river of
Georgia. It rife* in the Cherokee
mountains, near the headofa weftem
branch of Savannah river, called Tu-
gulo. In its defcent through tiie
mountains it receives feveral auxiliary
ftreains; thence it winds, with coa-
fiderably rapidity^ through the hilly
country 250. mUes, from whencie it
throws itfelf into the open, flat country,
by the name of Oakmulgee. Thence,
after meandering for 150 miles, it is
joined by the Oeonrtt which likewife has
Its fonrce in the mountains. After this
junction, it affumes die name of Alata-
maha, when it becomes a large maieftic
river ; and flowing with a gentle cur-
rent through forefts and plains 100
miles, difcharges itfelf into the Atlantic
by feveral mouths. The north channel
glides by the heights of Darien, about
s o miles above tlw bar, and after ieveral
turnings, enters the ocean between Sa-
pelo and Wolf iliands. The fonth
channel, which is efteemed the largeft
and decpeft, after its feparation from
the north, defcends geatiy» taking its
coi:rfe between M'latolh and Brough-
ton iflands) and at laft by the weft
coaft of St. Simon's Sound, between the
feuth end of the ifland of tliat name,
and the north end of J<:kyl ifland. At
its confluence with the Atlantic, it is
500 yards wide.
Alban's, St. atownfliip in Franklin
coim'ty> Vermont, on Lake Champlain,
oppofiteN. HeroiHand, 156 inhabitant!!.
Albany County, on Hudibn's ri.
ver^ in the ftate of New- York, lies be-
tween Uifter and Saratoga ; its extent
46 miles by 28. By the (iate ceiiAis,
tan. 10, 1796, the number of electors
in this county were 6087, and the num-
ber of towns II.
Albany, the chief town of the above
county, is Qtuat^ on the weft bank of
A IB t
Iiii4fen*« river. i6o mites north of the
cityofNew-Ypckrto wbi^bit is pe*Z
in rank, and 840 S. of Qiiebec. N^W.
4s; 39. W. long. 73.40. This ci^ and
fMbui'bS|, by enumeration in 1797,' t^'
taincd 1263 buildings, of which $63 yraoe
dwcUine;.houics, a;Dd 6021 inhabitafitB.
Many of them are in the Gptluc . ftyle,
with the gable end to (he ftfcet, which
culiom the firft 'fett^rf brought from
Holland ) the newhoufes are built ^ tht
mpdem ftile. Its inhabiuntsarecolle^l
ed from varjoua parts of the world, and
fpeak a [^t^at variety of languages, but
tlie£i)gltfli predomtbates } and the uie
of every other is gradually leffenin^
Albany is unrivalled fot fituatipn, b^ing
nearly at the head of iloop navigation,
on one of the nobleit rivers in the ^^orld..
It enjoys a fidubrious air, and is the
natural emporium of the increaflng
trade of a large extent of country W.
and N. — a country of an excellent foil*
abounding in eveiy article for the W.
India market ; plentifully watered with
navigable lakes, creeks and rivers, Get*
tling with almoft unexampled rapidity*
and capable of affbi-ding iubfiftence' to
millionii of inhabitants : and when the
contemplated locks and canals are com-
pleted, and convenient roads opened
into every part of the country, all which
will, it is expefled, be ac'compliflied in
the rourie of a few years, Albany will
probably encreafe and flouriih beyonU
almoft any oth-:r city or town in the
United States. The public buildings
are, a Low Dutch church, of ancient
and very curious conitru£Vion, one Tor
Kpilcopidians, two for Preibyterians,
one for Germans, or High Dutch, and
one for Methodifts ; an hoCpital, city
hall, and a handtbme brick jail. The
coqwration conltfts of a mayor, record-
er, fix aluermen, and as many afliftants.
In the year 1609, Henry Hudfoit, whole
name the river bears, aiJcended it in his
boat to Auran'm, the fpot on whicli Al-
bany now (lands.
The improvements in this city, with-
in 5 or 6 years pnlf, have been very great
in almoR all refpefls. Wharves have'
been built on the river, the ftfcets have
been p.tved, a bank iniUtuted, a new and
bandlbitte ftyle of building introduced,
and now excellent water (:tn article in
which this city has hitherto been ex-
tremely deficient, having been obliged
to ufe thp dirty water 6t the river Ji is
A 3 about
8 Att
•botit to be conduced 'mtol tbe variout
IMUtaofthedty, from a fitie fprine $
niHcs weft of the city. For thefe im-
provements tlie inhabitants are indebt-
ed to the patriotic exertions of a very
RW gentlemen^
One mile north of this city» in its
fuhurbsy near the manor houfe of lieu-
tenant goTcmor Van Renflklaer, are
verv ingeniouily conftrufted, extenfive
anduTchilworicfl, for the manufaAure
of Scotch and rappee fnuiF, roll and cut
tobacco of different kindsi chocolate^
muftard, ftarch, hair-powder, fplit peafe,
aiid hulled barley. Thefe valuable
works are the property of Mr. James
Caldwell, who unfortunately loft a
complete fet of fimilar works by fire,
in July, 1 794, with the ftock, valued
at 37,500 dollars. It is a circumflance
worthy of remark, and is evincive of the
induftry and ente^rize of the proprie-
tor> that the whole of the prefent build-
ings and machinery were begun and
completed in the moit Ipace of elevrn
months. Thefe works are decidedly
fuperior to any of the kind in America.
All the articles above enumerated, even
to the fpinning of tobacco, are manu-
itiftured by the aid of water machineiy.
For the invention of this machinery the
proprietor has obtained a patent. Thefe
works give employment and fubfiftence
to 40 poor boys, and a number of work-
men. Men who make i'uch efforts to
advance American manufuiluies, de-
ferve well of their country.
Albany, aBritiHi tortrefs in New
South Wales, in N. America, fituated
en the river of the fame name. N. Ut.
53. 10. W. long. 87. to.
Albany River, falls into James's
bay, in N. America, in N. lat. 51. 30.
W. long. 84. 30. This river nuis in a
N. E. direction, and has communica-
tion with a vaft chain of fmali lakes, in
a line S. W. to the S. end of Winnipeg
lake, a body of water next in fize to
Lake Superior.
Albemarle County, in Virginia,
lies between the Blue ridge and the tide
waters', and contains 11,585 inhabit-
ants, including 5579 (laves. Its extent
about 35 miles Iquare.
Albemarle Sound, on the coaft of
North Carolina, is a kind of inlaml Tea,
60 miles in length> and from 8 to 1 a in
breadth. It lies north of Pamplico
Sound, and communicates with it } as
ALE
it likewlfe does with Carritnck Italcf.
It receives Koanoke and Mfherrin ii>
vers , and the paifage into it fram the
fea is called Roanoae Inlet.
ALBtON, NbWi the name given by
Sir Francis Drake to California, and
part of the N. W. coaft of America,
when he took poftlfion of it. A large
iraaof the N. W. coaft is thus called.
Capt. Cook lamted on a part of this
coait on the 7th of March^ 1778, ii^
N. lat. 74. 33. E. long. a35.< 10. which
he thus dercribesi " The land it full
of mountains, tlie tops of which isre
covered with fnow | ivhile the vallies
between them, and the grounds on the
fea-coaJi, high as well as low, are co-
vered with trees, which form a beautiful
profpeftj, as of one vaft foreft. At iirtt
the natives feemed to prefer iron to
every other ailicle of commerce; at
lalt they preferred brafs. Theywerie
more tenacious of their property thaii
any of the favage nations that had
hitherto been net with; fo that they
wouki not part with wood, water, gral'a,
nor the moft trifling article without a
compenfation, and were lomctimes very
unreafonable in their demands."
Aldem, Fort, in Cherry Valley, ii^
theftateofNew-York.
ALEMPicoN,a fmalllakenorthwai^
of Lake Superior.
Alexandria, a townlhip in Graf-
ton county, New- Hamplhire, c-ntaining
198 inhabitants } incorporated in 1 v *^r .
ALEXANDRirA, a townfliip in Hun-
terdon county/ New. Jerfey, containing
1501 inhabitants,'inchifiveof 40 flaves.
ALEXANORiA,a fmall town in Hunt-
ingdon county,' Fennfylvania, on the
Frankftown branch of Juniatta river ;
192 miles N. W. of Philadelphia.
Alexandria, formerly called Bel-
baven, a city in Virginia, (ituated on
the ibuthern bank of the Patowmac
river, in Faiifax county, about 5 miles
S. W. from the Federal City, 60 S. W.
from Bahimore, 60 N . from Frederickf-
burgh, 168 N. of WilliamAurgh, and
190 from the Tea; 38, 45. N. lat. and
77. 10. W. long. Its litiiation is ele-
vated and pleal'aiit. The Ibil is clayey.
The original fet lers, anticipating its
future growth and importance, laid out
the flreets on the plan of Philadelphia.
It contains about 400 houfes, many of
which are handfomely built, and 274S
inhabitants. This city, upon opening
the
led Bel
lated on
itowinac
5 miles
loS.W. .
dertckl-
gh, and
lat. and
\% ele«
clayey,
atlng it»
laid out
delphia.
ma»y of
knd 274^
, opcnuig
the
6
ALL
in conftqimct df Its victnily to tte
future feat of the federal govcmmeat,
bidf lUr to be one of tbe moft thriving
commercial placet on the continent.
AbPORD, a townfliip in BeriUMra
coun^, MaffiKhufettt, containinK 577
fadiabttaat* \ 145 mile* weftwara mm
BoAoiu
AtroRDSTOWM, a fmall txmn in
Moor county* North-Carolina.
Aloomqi^inSi an Indian nation in
Upper Caiada, on the north fide of
Lake Huron.
AlkaNsaS) or ArkMfM, an Indian
natioQ in Louifiaiu* on the weft Me of
MiflSfippi riyer, near the river of the
fame name* in N. lat. 34. Sec Arttm-
fasRk/ir.
Allburo» a townihip in Franklin
county, Vermont, containing 44ft inhabt.
tantS} fituatedonM{^Sl^l^<|^.
Alleghany Mumtaias, between
the Atlantic ocean, the ^ififfi/lppi river,
and the lakcc* are a long and broad
range of mountain!, made op of a great
number of ridges, extending north-eaft^
erly and fouth>wdftecIy, nearly parralld
to the f^a coaft, about 900 miles in
IcMth, and from 60' to 150 and abo
mitea in breadth. Mr. Evans obferves,
with refpeA to that part of thefe moun-
tains v^hich he travelled over, via. in
the back parts of Pennsylvania, that
fcarcely ope acre in ten is eajpable of
culture. This, however, is nur from
being the cafe in all parts of this range.
Numerous traAs of fine arable and
graaing land intervene between the
ridees. The different ridges which com-
Eoie this immenfe range ctf mountains,
ave difieitnt names in the different
ftates, viz. the Bbu tti^g*, the North
Mbmaaimt or North Ru^t, or DfoiVs
Baek-hatUt Laurel Ri^t, JaekfaCs
Momitmtist and KHttOiiuy Momitaius ;
which fee uhder thefe names. All thefe
ridges, except the if/fr^i&Mjr, are broken
throiighby rivers, which apiiear to have
forced their way through mid rocks.
This principal ridge is more immedi-
ately called Allegminy, and is defcrip*
tively named the Itfrl-^MM o/tbt United
States. From thefe feveral ridees pro-
ceed innumerable branches, or Ipurs.
The general name of the whole range,
taken colleAiveiy, feems not yet to have
been determined. Mr. Evans calls them
tht Sndleft MowitMiUi otfaera have,
csiHed tlmi fhe
from a tribe of IndilUM who Uve |b h
river which pnceeda firom tUs mwi».
tai% called ^ Appidacbicola } btit the
moft c ow i m w name is the AUi^hi^
Mtimttthut fo called, probably* fima
the principal ridge of the tange. Thefe
moantaiosarenot confofedfy featten^
riling herfe and there Into h^^ pdki,
overtopping each other) but rim ^ktajt
in uniform rl ^«s^ fearcely hhlf a mue
high. Th^ fpiod as ybo proceed
fomh, and fome of them terminate ib
h^h perpehdicuhur bluffs t odMTS gr».
dually fuofide into a level country, givu
ink rife to die rivers which run fimth-
erfy into the Oulph of Mexico.
Alleghany Rk/er, to Pennfylva.
nia, rifes on the weftem fide of die Ai^
legbany Mountain, and after runnii^
about aoo miles in a S. W. direftioir,
ineets the Monongahela at Pitelbmv^
and both united, form die Ohio. T&
lands oh each fide of this river, for 150
miles above Piufburg, coofifl of whttfe
oak and chefiiut ridges j and in many
places of poor pitch pmes, interQ;»«rftd
with tracks of good land, and low meafc
dows. This river, and the Ohio like,
wife, from its head wato^ undl it en*
ters the Miflifippi^ are known and call-
cd by the name of Allcehany River, by
the Seneca, and odier tnbes of .the Six
Nations, who once inhabited it,
Alleghany CnMfjr, in PennArlva^
nia, extends from the junAion at the
riverofthat name with die Ohio, wh«re
its chief town, Pittfburg, is fituated, to
the New- York line. It contahis 10,360
inhabitants, mcluding 159 (laves.
Alleghany, is the moft weftem
county in Maryland, and has Peanfyl.
vania on the north. The windings of
the Patowmac River feparate it man.
Virginia on the fouth, and ^eling<hiU
Creek divides it from WafliingtMi oouD>
ty on the eaft. It contains 4109 inw
nabitants, ihchidin|; 15) flaves. Cum-
berland is its chieftown.
AlleM AENGEL, a fmall Moravian
(ettlement on Swetaia River, in Penit-
fylvania.
Allemand, a river which falls into
the Mifltfippi from tlw S. E. about 43
miles S. of the Natches.
Allenstown, a town in New-Jer-
fey, in Monmiuth county, 15 milea N.
B. from Burlington, and 13 S, by £.
from Princeton.
A 4 Allenstown;
M-X "! \ ,
loMlKMaii^, iiiffw-HanpAiirat con-
,mSug €u inhiUtntt} fituited on
-%mU* ri4«ofMcrriituu:k river, ssimle*
If;^. of Exeter, a«d 40 fnm Portf.
ILllim • Town, in Pcnnfylvania,
MdirthiraptoB cminty, <m the point dl
>fti fermcd by Jordan's ereek, uidthc
liltk Lcheigh. Itoonttint about 90
lioOfee, anil an aoadem^.
AfctowAY Crtikt in Sakm coantjrf
JilUm»J«ftft empties into the Delaware.
' It'ia nnrigid»le 16 ndlet, interrupted,
fc aw cvw, Of levcral draw-bridges.
All^Saints, iflands near Guada>
IdoM ifland, in the Weft.Indics.
ALL«£AiM-n, n parifli id XyeorK'
temn diibrift, South-Carolina, coQtain-
Injl aas5 inhabitants, of whom ^*9 are
vvBles, and 1795 flaves. It fends a
pMBber to each bou^ of the tote legif.
mute,
All-Saimts Baft a eaptaindiip in
the nuddfe'diYifion of Brasil, fo caUed
Awn a large W of that name, bound-
iriN. byth* KiaReal| on the S^ by
tbt of Las Hbeos } on the E. by the
oeean } and on the W, by thrte uncon-
qoered nations of Indians, Ii is reck-
oned one of the richeftand inoft fertile
, ■: captfinflups in all Brazil, producing
m CRat quantities of cotton and fuj^r.
l!lie bay itfelf is about sf leajpies over,
iiireirfperftd with a number of Imall,' but
pkafiuit iflands, and is of prodigious
ndvantage to the whole country. It
has feveral cities and towns, particularly
St. Sdvador, which is its capital. All-
Saints Bqi^ liesinlat. is. }. S. long. 40.
10. W. See Sah/ador.
.Almaria. See FUIaRua,
Almira, a town in Mexico. See
Jhjgtlu.
Amesbvry, a floorifliing town in
Bffiac county, Maflfachufetts, on the
nortb taeftem bank of Merrimack ri-
fer, about four miles N. W. of Ncw-
buryport* containing 1801 inhabit-
puts. Powv^s civeir divides thetown-
AJp . frons Salifbiiry, oyer which a
faandfome bridge has lately been ereft-
,«d. A number of m\\\» lie on this
livir round the Ipwel- falls. See
rowawsmver,
Alsti*>^ a townfltip in Chefliire
/county, New-Hamplhire, containing
fill ip&a|>itantf i 9 miles S* from
CbarUflown.
A MA
AltOK, a traft of land in Stfdibid
conniiF, New>Hampihiff«, N. £« tnm
A|.VAitAi>o, a river in New Spain*
which rifes in the mountains of the
Z^potecu, and, after making a circuit
through the province of Maaaltant^'^^nd
rccetvmg feveral fmcller . fifers aad^
ftreams, enipties into the Gulf of Meal*
CO, at 30 miles diflance from Vera- Chit*
Amahibo, a town on the coaft <£.
Guiana, between Paramaribo, and Cay«
enne, .•■''"
Amapalla, afeaport town in die
provinoeof Guatimala, in North-Ancri-
ca, on a gulf of the fame namcr aa»
miles S. £. of the town of Guatimabu^
N. lat. la. 30, W. kuDg, t6. 40.
Amariscoggin Kiowr. See^teAi^
Amatk^bs, a feaport town at the
mouth of Guanacos river, whicb nnpf
ties into the Amatique gulf, or gulf of
Honduras, in the provinot of Vcr* Pas^
Mexico. The inhabitanu are dbicAy
logwood-cutters, and on the S. of the
gilf i< a traA of land called Awmtijiu \
ndf Lat. 15^. a 3. long. 89.
AuAZONiA, a large coutiny in Si.
America, 1400 miles in length, and 900
in breadth j fittutcd between the equa^
tor and 10 S. lat. and bounded N,:l^
Terra Firma and Guiana ) £. by Mm*'
ril J S, by Paraguay, and W. by Peru^
but has never yet been thorougnly ex*.
olored. TheriverAnvason, called alfo
Maragnon, the latgcft in the known
world, gives name to this country. , A
great number of rivers which rufli down
with amazing impetuoTity ihun the
eaftetn declivity of the Andes, unite in
a fpacious plaui, and form this immcnfe
fjyer, Tn itsprogrefs it runs 3 300 miles
from' Wt tc E. acrofs South-America.
Some of the rivers which fall into it are
very broad and deep. The chief of
theie, from the S. and S. W. proceed-
ing from the mo\)th weftward, are Are-
gjaya, Paratinaa, Madrira, Purus, Yn^
. y, Yulacina, and Ucayai rivers. From
the N. and N. W. progrefling from its
rsouth, are Paripa, Negro,- Yupura,
Ifla and Napo, which laft rifes near
thetownof Archidona, about 150 miles
eaftward of Quito. The Amazon is
interfperfed with a great number of
iflands, which are too often overflowed
to admit of culture. It falls into tlw
Atlvttic ocea|i under the equator, ^
M
■I
':Mrt
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ifhdown
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immcDie
l«pnnlc8
^merica*
itoHare
rhief of
procecd-
.j«.Ytt-
[I. From
ifrom its
Yup\»ra,
lfe« near
50 miles
naton ia
imber of
rerflowed
into tWe
tor, ^
a£K
leir
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-sovma.
tdtHOtt
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i
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--4^
'""^'res-' \
. V'<
,^r^
> I
I XI I iiib^ttantii 9 milet S. from I to admit of culture. It h\U into thb
Cin^rldhmii. AUantip ocean under the equator, ^aA
Alii' ; • "IK*"'' '^
fWrnPnackd^Orllb. N. of w#yi»9b» JMgr, wkWi At. v
AMUtouitB JEg^ in Und fai
Hanoftr bajr^ o» thrcaft idk^ tli«
Mninflil» «t Ywaatu^ Im ^m bajr '
HMMMHH* it
m, wto Aid Im ikw armed
it» kankt. Ht was deituiad, in i|t(,
d» piMtnUa iato the coturftt of thtfrtv->
«r» wkkh' ha did with an anaad M^
■M.iiMight /evarai nationa ol Indlr. ^
|Ul bcaama to that place wbara ha^w
the annad wooicn, who, with boars
and aiTowfl, oppoftd hit paffiige.
Thi air ia cooler, in this country than
conid ba ttpeAad* conriderinf it ia
fituatad in die midaie of the torrid
aoMc. This is partly owhfir lo the
heavy raina whicn occafion the riven
to cTcrflow their banks one half of the
year, and partly to the cloudineft of
tba wtatber» whtch obfcuret- the; fiin a
sftat part of the time it is above the
Eoiiaon. Durins the rainv (ea(bn, the
oouatry is AibjeS to dreadful ftorms of
thunder and lightninc.
The (oil^is etitreniely fertile, prodtic-
ing a great variety of the tropical fruiti j
likewue a variety of timber, at cedar,
' red-wood, pak, ebony, log-wood, and
many other forte of dying wood} to-
gether with tobacco, fugar-canee, Cot-
ton, potatoes, balfam, hwiey, tetu The
iwoMS abound with tigers, wild boars,
buflhloes, deer, and game of various
kinds. The rivers and lakes abound
witb fiib* Hera are alfo fea cowc and
turtlce} but the alligators and water
fcrpents render fifliing a dangerous
cmploynMnt.
The natives of this country are of a
good ftatnre, have handforoe features,
long black hair, and are of a copper
cok>ur. . They are faid to have a tafte
for the imitative arts, efpecially paint-
ing and fculptnre, and turn out good
mechanics. They fpin and weave cot-
ton cloth. Their houfts are built with
wood md clay, and thatched with
reeds. Their arms in general, are
darts and javelins, bows and arrows,
with tai^s of cane or fi(h flcins. The
feveral nations are governed by chiefs
or caciques { it being obfervable that
the monarchical form of government
-has prevailed almoft univerl'ally, both
among ancient and modern nations, in
a rude ftate of focicty. The regalia
which diftinr uifli th^ chiefs, are a prown
of paniotH feathers, a chain of tiger's
teetn or claws, which hang round the
waift, and a wooden fword.
Am BBK fipji, ofi the pcninlula of
vvwrlan,
the bay, is ;o miki*<k«gf bsftw^aav*
row. 8ec Afimfim kti^
Amboy. 8ec fnw A sl y .
AmAROSI, 8t. an ifland in the S* Vn-
cifi« ocean, on the coaft of Chili, 4 or
S kagaes doe W. from St. FeUn iAual.
At firpL vkw, it appeara like two finaM
iflands* bnt after ainaarar ai^rQaeh, k
ia ioiiml.they are '->ed by a reef* It
lies b «6. 13. S. .r. aitdSo. 55. W.
long, from Greenwich. There i9rji
large rock 4 miles to the northwwd «f
the ifland, called, from its app«nR|KC»
Stal rock. Capt. Roberts,- who wan
here in 1791, tbimd St. FeliaUtendinu
accefltble. On St. Ambrofrifland, hia
crew killed and cured 13,000 St§.\ fldna
ofthebeftc|uality,infievenvirecks. Tha
ifland has . little die to i-ecommend it.
Fifti and crawfifli abo\uKl. The bcft
feafon for fealine is from the tft d
April to the ift o? Aoguft. The iflmid
has the appearance of navlng, had voU
canic eruptions. ' c ■ ■■
Amelia, a county in Vlrgmin, fitu-
ated between, the Bhie-ridge and tha
tidewaters, having Cumberland cowik
ty U, Prince Georn county E. and
Lunenburg county S. and W. Anie>
lia, tncludmg Nottaway, a new county,
contains 18,097 inhabitants, of whom.
ft, j7 are (laves.
Ambua J/b, on the coaft of E.Flo-
rida, lies about 7 leagues N. c»f St.*
Auguftine, and very near- Talbot ifland
on the S. at the mouth of St. John's
river. It is 1 3 miles long and t broad,
is very fertile, and has an excellent har^
bouri Its N. end lies oppofite Cum.
berland ifland, l>etween which and Ame-
lia Ifle is the entry into St. Mary's r'lv-w
er, b N. lat.. 30. 5s. VV. long. 67, *}w
Amelins, fror A, is a Ibiith eaftem
head branch of Wabafti river, wbofe
mouth is 9 miles N. E. fronvthe mouth
of Saiamanie river, and 45 miles S. W.
from the Miami vilbge and fort.
Amoenia, a thriving ^owhfliip in
Dutchefs county, New. York, 6 milea
dlflant from Sharon, in ConneAicut.
It contains 3078 inhabitants, of whom
383 are electors. . ^t
AME^IQA, is piti of the fQur quar-
■'->-. ten
;-V
fo AMB
ttvft of IW WMrU, pMbaMythf Imd
•t'tht whole, ud isi from itt iMedif*
covtrjf, fra^umtly dcnominattd the
JKr«i; JPMV, or ^m« Htmi/^ktrt. This
ftft country «iite»cU from the j6th do-
nof •. tat. to the north pole, and
the 5sth to the i«](th degree of
yf. ion^. Jrom Greenwich. It ie near.
iy ivtooo aaile* in langih. Its ateoifB
We a t U .S may be about itoo or aooe
PmIm. h ha* two finRniera« and a do«*
Hr winter, and ei^oye ahnoA all the
VBfictjr of climatce which the earth
•fibnie. It it waflied hw two great
otcant. To the eaftwanl it baa the
Atlantic, which ditridl^e it ftom Europe
and Africa. T« the W. h hat the Pa*
oiic, or Great South Sea, by which it
ia iefwrated from Afia. By thefe it
earriea on ■ direft oommerce with the
other thaea partt of the world. Ame.
rka i» divide^ i|iro two great cootinenta,
called AferrA i|nd SmUh Amtrica, by an
tthnraa about 50ft miles long) and
wbichy at Darien, about lat. ^. N. is
only 60 mtks overt other writers fay
$f^ miles. This ifthmus, with the
■orthe m and (buthem continents, forms
the Onlph of Mexico, in and near
which lie a great number of iflands,
called the Wl^-Miet, in contradiftinc.
•km t» the eaAem parts of Afia, which
an caUed the Em/t-hdi«s,
In America nature fecms to have car-
ried on her operations upon a larger
fcale, and with a bolder Hand, and to
have diftinguilknd the fraturcs of this
country by a peculiar magnificence.
The fflonatains of America are much
fitperior in height to tbefr in the other
divifions of the globe. Even the )ilaln
of Qgito, which may be conftdercd as
the bafe of the Anelest is elevated far>
ther above the level of the fea than the
top of the Pyrenees in Europe ) and
Chimborazo, the moii tievatrd point
of tlie Andes, is ao,affo feet high, which
is at le&ft 7 lot feet above the peak of
Teneriffe. From the lofty and cxten.
five mountains of America, deicend
rivers, with which the ftreams of Eu-
rope, of Afia, or of Africa, ai-e not to
be conipareil, either for length of courfe,
or for the vait body of water which
they convey to the ocean. The Ca-
nnbe, the Indus, the Ganges, or the
Vile, in.the eafkm hemifphere, are not
of equal magnitude even with the St.
Sawrencei the Miflburi, or the Mifll-
r*.
A1HB
li^t bi Itonh Amerloa 1 and Ml fii^
ihort of the Amason, ant the Lii Fku
ta* in Bovtli>AiMrica.
The lakea of the New Worii ars im
left oonrpkaeus for grandear thaa Hi
moHntamaaad rivws. ThcitlanMi*
Imfai other parts of tht glbba wbkb
rewmUaa the ytvoMutu ohafli of wkat
wn Nartb* AmancOf VIC. wtpaiiar, Aucnii*
gan, Ih w— , Erie» aad Qar^rie. Thqr
mav ba ■roiie rl v tennad ImImmI fina 01
fr<e& water. And even thofii of tbf
iccond or third ebfs, wrt of matfr
cii«uie, f the Cafpiaa fea cMeplcd) th«i
the grcmi lake of the aiKllnit c«r4*
aent.
The Imuiiaacc ti tha vtgltidtle cre^
atien in the New Worid ia eatremelj
great. In tha ibutheni praviaoeas
where the mmftivt if the climate ia
aided by the warmth of the fun, tha >
woods are almoft impenriona, and tha
furfoca of tha f^rouiui is hkl from the
eye under a tl^ick covering of durubs^
of herbs, and we^s. In tna northeni
provinces, although tlie fereds are not '
mcumbercd with the Aime wild lumiru
aace of vegetation, tlio trees of varioui
fpeciea arc nnerally more loftr» and
often mufh larger, than are to be feei|
in any other parts of the worM*
This vaft country produces moll of
the ipetals, minerals, plants, fruks( fcc.
to be inet with in the other ports of
the wo^, and manj of tliem in pvat.
er quantities, and \n hioh perfmionk
The gold and filver of America have
fupplied Europe with thoTe precioua
metala. The goM and filver of Europe
now bear little oroportion to the high
price fet i^ion tbem befo^pe the difcove^
17 of America. It alfo proJucea dia-
monds, pearls, eimcralds, amethvft^
arid other valuable Aohes. To tnefe»
which are chiefly the ^iroduAions of
South-America, may be added a great
number of other commcdities, wnich^
tbouali of lefs price, are of much great>
er ule. Of thefe are the plentUuT fup.
plies of cochineal, indigo, anatto, logw
wood, brasil, fuftic, punenta, lignuit*.
vitse, rice, ginger, cocoa, or the choco-
late-nut, fugar, cotton, tobacco, banil-
las, red-woMi, the baliiuns of Tolu,
Peru, and Chili, that valuable article in
medicine, tbr JeAiit's bark, mechoacan^
faflafras, larraparilla, callia, tamarinds,
hides, furs, ambergrife, and a great va-
riety of woodsj rootsii aad pnnu, to
^ v'hicli|
AM B
wkieh, brfbrt llMdiAofvtry of Amcifca,
the European* w«rt ttehcr tfMirt ftnyw
g«r«( or wbkh they wtrc forced to buy
•t an mtravagant rate from Afia aad
Africa* through the hamlt of the Ve-
netiani and Gcnoeie, who then en-
groflad the trade of the vaftcm world,
On this continent there grows alfo a
variety of excellent native fruita ) aa
pineapplet, ciironat iemone, orange*,
pomegranate*, Ags^ fP*?*** " i"*^ *'*
riety ofculinafy, medicinal, rad other
herbs, rooti and plants, with many ex-
otic iMToduAioiis, which are brouglit
to as great perfcAion as in th^ir native
ibil.
Notwithftanding the man^ rettlc
menra of the Europeans on this conti-
nent, great part of America remain*
llill unknown. The northern conti-
nent contains the fourBritiih provinces,
via. I. U^er Canada \ %. Lrwer Ca-
gMUtf to wnich are annexed Nnu-Brit-
aim, and the idand of Caft-Brrton ;
f. Kfw-Bnnfwicki 4. N«va Setiia,
to which i* annexed St. Jebn"! iJUtnd.
Bcfides thefe are the idand of Ntwj-
foimdlandt and the Jixtitn United
States. It contains alio the SpantOi
territories of EaJI and Wefl Florida,
LeuyUuia, N*w MtJfieot Cedtfrnrma, and
Mexico. Befide thefe, there are im-
inerile unexplored regions to the W.
and N. W. In the fouthern continent,
lie the -Spani/h provinces of Ttrra
Firma, Guiana, rem, Paragtun, and
Chilli together wirh that of Brazil,
belonging to the Portuguefe, and the
country of Surinam, belonging to the
JDutch. Vaft traAs, however, in the
inland parts, are unknown, being com-
prehended under the general name of
Amazonia, tbrmerly called Maragnon.
A large diftri£t alfo lies between the
ftraits of Magellan and the province of
Paiaguay, called Patagonia, little
known.
America, fo far as known, is chiefly
claimed and divided into colonies, by
three European nations, the Spaniards,
Britiih, and Portug^ieie. The Span-
iards, as they firft difcovered it, have
the laigeft and richeft portion, extend-
ing from Luuifiana and New Mexico,
in North-America, to the ftrairs of
Magellan, in the South Sea, excepting
the large province of Brazil, which
belongs to Portugal, tor, though the
French aiid Dutch have fome forts upon
A KB '49
StirbMin and Quiana» rhtjr fcarccljr 4»*
Ijrrva to he conidaicd M pnoprittora of
any part of the fouthcm MNtMcM.
Next to Spain the m«ft coi.fidcrabU
proprietor of Amcrioi waa Gvsat Briii*
ain, who derivrd her claim to NMrdi«
America from tlic firft diic«vary of thM
continent, by Scbaftian Cabot, k tho
name oi Ueniy VII. of England, ia tho
ycor i497» about 5 years after the dis-
covery of^Bouth- America by Culnmbutf
in the name of the king of Spain. Tht
country was in general called Hrrnm
JeumUandt a name 'which ia now ap-
propriated folely to an ifland. oa its
coalt. It was a long time before tho
Englifli mads any attempt to fettle ia
this country. Sir Walter Raleigh, aa
uncommon genius, and a brave coou
mander, firft (hewed the way, by plant-
ing a colony in the Ibuthem port, whick
he called Virginia, in honour of quaea
Elisabeth, who was unmarried.
The French, indeed, from thia peKo4
until the conclufion of the w^ of ITI^
laid a claim to, and actually poflcflcd*
Canada and Louifiana, but, in thttt
war, they were not only driven froift
Canada, and its dependencies, but
obliged to relinquifli all that .part of
Louiilana lying on the £. fide of tho
Miflifippi i and the Britidi colonies*
at the peace of 1763, extended io far
as to render it difilcult to ufceitam the
precife bounds of the empire of Gi-eat..
Britain in North- America. To tho
nortliward, Britain might have extendi
ed her claims quite to the p:>le. From
that extremity, Ihe had a territory ex*
tending foutliward to Cape Florida,
in the Gulphof Mexico, in N. lat. af.
and, confequently, near 4000 miles ia
a dired line. And to the weftward*
the boundaries were unknown { but
having entered into impolitic dilputet
with ner colonies, (he brought on a
war, of which (he felt the ruinoua
effefls, by the difmeniberment of^her
empire in North-America 1 and Briti(h
America, at the peace in 1783, was
circumlcrihed within tiie narrow limits
already mentioned.
America was very probably peopled
early after the flood. Who were the
flrft people of America ? And whencf
did they come ? are q eftionst concern*
ing which much has been faid and
written. Dr. Kobertlbn and the Abba
Clavigero have attempted a (blution of
them*
m AMH
«lierii. A ftntttntry of thdrepintens
may be fewid<^ th« jbnericM Unvtr-
/d OMgrapfyf-f. 78. *$•
It bat been common, in eftimating
■tke population oi° the whole world, to
«How ifo milliona to America. But
(hi* IS probably three times their, rtal
fliumber. For if we fiippofe ever^ part
•f the whole continent of America to
be as popukus as the United States,
^wirich is not the caf<r) the whole num-
ber will be but about 60 millions. The
«xaA number is^probably confiderably
-lets. T .e4>refent Americans may be
divided into two general clafTes. *Ftrft,
tiK proper Americans, commonly cai-
Jcd Indians, foroetinies Aborigines, or
CkoTe who are defcended from the firit
iuhabitants of the new world, and who
bave not mixed their blood with the
inhabitants of the old continent. Se-
condly, -thofe who have migrated, or
have been tranfported to America, fmce
its difeovery by Columbus, and their
4d'cendant«. The former may be fub-
^divided into three cbfles. Firft, the
.South-American Indians, who proba-
bly came over firom the northern and
^eftem part* of Africa, and the ibuth-
«m ports of Afia and Europe. Se.
condly, the Mexican!), and all the In-
dians fouthof the lakes and wift of the
^iflUippi. Thirdly, the inhabitants of
Sfquimeaux, .T.abiador, and the coun-
tries around i.h;^m. The latter may
alfo be diOing'. <iihed hv.o thrrc clafTes.
Firft, Eoropeutit nf *nauy differcot na>
tirns, who hav«' mi^^ratcd tu America,
•nd their dcfcencinnts, of unmixed
blood. In fhis c afs we include the
Spaniards, Englifh, Scotch Jri(h,Freiich,
Portuguer?, Germans, Dutch, Sweu^s,
Jltc. both in North and South^ America.
Secondl/, Africans, wlu> have been
tranfprHted to America and its iflands,
and '^heir deiicendanti. Thirdly, the
inix«d breeds called by the Spaniards,
CaflaSf by the Bnglith Mulattoes, that
11^ thofe who are dcl'cendcd from an
European and an American, or from
•II European and African, or froa> an
Afiican and American.
Ambwki.i., is the moft populous
town in litinwrdown county, New-Jer-
fuy. It contains 5x01 inhabitants, in-
ciuding 1X3 fl:tvra.
Amherst, a townHiip in Cumber-
land county. Nova Scotia, iituated on
Chij;n«^ Bafon^ wn the S. fide pf I^ |
A M O
Fitneh Kiver, and on tW riirera Napian
and Macon. Th« navigation of the
twi> lad is difficult on account of fhoals.
The town was fettled by North Irifht
Yorkiliire and New-England people. -
Amherst, the (hire-town cf Hil'A
borough county, Ntw-Hathj^ire, is'H
town of Tome note, formerly Sotdte^an
Wejit and was originally gr<^nted from
Maffachufitts. It has a 369 inhabitants,
ami was incorp.*rated in 176a. The
Aunan Academy was founded here in
)7<>o. A few yenrs a«o, tlie town-
fiiip being much infiefted with wulvet,
the people, on a day appointed', fur-
rounded a large fwamp which they fi'&>
quented, and kept op an incelliint fir-
ing of guns and heating of drums the
whole day} which mufic forced the
wolves to decamp the fioilowing night,
with dilhial bowlings } and they have
never done any milchief in the town
iince. Amhertt lies on a northern
branch of Souhegan River, which falls
into Merrimack River, and is 60 miles.
W. of Poitlmouth, and 53 N. W. of
Bofton. N. lat. 41. 54. W. long. 71.
33.
Amhbrst, a townAiip in Hamplhiiv
county, MuR'achuletts, containing 1S3)
inhabitants} 91 miles weiierly from
Bofton, and about eight north-eafterly
from Northampton.
Amherst Cnrnpt in Virginia, lies
between the Blue Kidge and the tide
waters, and contains 11,703 inhabit
tants, including 5196 flaves. It lies o«
the nortlvof James River.
Amicit, a lake in the province of
Curaana, South- America, whole wa-
ters run foutbwardly through Parima
River into the Amazon.
Amilpas, two volcanoes in the pro<
vince of Guatimahi, in N. Spain, near
the mountains of Soconufco.
Amonoosuck, an Indian name giv.
en to two rivers in New-Hampfhire :
the oi:e is called Upffr Amonuoliiclc,
pafTing through a track of excellent
meadow. It rifes near the north end •
of the White Hills, runs northerly
about 15 miles, where is a carrying
place of about three miles to Amaril-
coggin River. From thence tite river
runs S. W. and W. nearly iS miles,
and empties into the Connefficut at
Nnrthu-nl)erlaiid, near the Upper Coos.
Th' ^ther it callid Great or /.ootrr
Aipuooi^uck, which iili:s on the weft
AMU
fi4c of the White Moant^iiit. It &Ht
int9 the ConneAicut ju<t above the
town of Haverhill, in Lower Coos, by
a mouth loo yards wide. Abotit two
milea from its mouth it receives ff^iU
Amnttfuck, 40 yai-dt wide» from Fran-
conia and Lincoln Mountains. Two
or tlure hours rain raUes the water in
l^is lalt mentioned river ieT;-ral feet,
and occafions a current fo furious as
to put in motion ftonrs of a foot in di-
•meter, but its violence ibon fubiides.
AMOTArs, a town near Tumbez,
lying near the fliore of the South Sea,
In the empire of Peni. Being near a
river of fine water, the adjacent coun-
try is highly improved. Lat. 4.. 1 5. 4-3* S.
Ampalla, by fome authors called
Amp^tMf a city and feaport in Guati-
mala Gulf, .in that of Mexico, };o
miles S. E. of the city of Guatimala,
andcai;ries on a briflc trade in cochi-
neal, cocoa, hiiles, indigo, &c.
Ampahes, a 3urifdi6iion under the
archbiAiop of Plata, eaftward of that
city, in the empire of Peru. It abounds
in grain and cattle.
Amstekdam, New, was the name
originally ;<^iven by the Dutch to the
city of New. York, Alfo, an lAand
in the South-Sea, S. S. W. of the
Friendly Iflands, »nd not far diftant
from them.
Amsterdam, a new townflup in
Montgomery county, New. York. It
contains 935 inhabitants, who are elec-
tors.
Amvskbao Falls, in N.;w-Himp-
fhire, aie on Merrimack River, fixtten
miles below C< ncord, and leven below
Hookfet Falls. It confilU of thiee
pitches, one below tliu oilier, lb that
the water fails about 80 fert in the
courfc of half a mile. The fccond
pitch, which may lie lecn foin the roati,
on the W. fiile, is truly maicllic. In
the middle of the iipptr part of the fail
is a high HK-ky illami, on the top of
which are a nuinbtr ot pits, made ex.'
aftly round, like banvU or hogdieads,
ibme of wliich nre cnpabk at hi>iding
feveral tons; formed l)y the circular
motion of fmall ilon^'«, impfilal by the
force of the defending water. Thtre
is a bridge acrois the tails 556 feet in
length, and 10 in breadth, coiiliftinsj ol'
aoon tons oK timber, and made paflkble
for travellers 57 days after it wiu be-
gun. N. lat. 42. 59.
AvAM vac, the ancient Indian nawB
of New-Spain, or Mexicw
An AST ATI A, St. a finall iflaad doft
to the coaft of Baft-Fkirida, fitattad Sw
of Maftancet Inlet, where the river
Maftanecs forme two iflands of iIm
fame name at itsnfionth. St. Anaftatia
iiland is bounded on the N. by St; Au- '
gulline's bar. Here is a qvarry of fine
ftone for building.
Anclotb Pn»t, on the penlnfula «f
California, and coaft of the North Pa>«
cific Ocean, lies in the joth deg. of N.
iat. and iifithof W. long, fouthet /
from the town of Velicata, and N. E.
from the iinall iiland of Guadaioupe.
Ancocus Cretkt in New-Jertty, a
water of the Delaware, < miles S. V/.
from Burlington.- It is navigable 16
miles ; and confiderable quantities tif
lumber are exported from it.
Anco, a fmall town of South. Ame-
rica, 3 leagues from the city of Gna«
manga.
Amdaguaylas, a jurifdiftion in
South-America, in the empire of Peru,
fubje£l to t}ie archbiOibp of Lima} iy«
ing E. by ,S. of the city of Gnamanga.
It abounds in fugar plantations, grain
of moft forts, and fruits.
Andalusia, New, a province of
Terra Firma, on the cpafl of the At-
lantic, oppofite the Leeward Iflandt.
Andast^ks, an Indian nation in Ca-
nada.
Andes. The priiKipal mountahis
on this wcflern continent are the Ctr-
dillera de hs Andex, or Great Chain
of Andes, in South-America. They
ftretch along the Pacific Ocean from
the ftraits of Magt-llan to the ilthmus
of Darien or Panauin, upwaixis of 4000
miles ; thence they nm through the
exteiifive kingdom of New- Spain, till
tliey lofe themfclvt-s in the unexplored
countries of the North. In New-Spain,
the mott confi'.lera' uart of t!»is chain
is called Sierra Nuuii, particularly in
Cinaloa and 'larahximery, provinces
i-tco miles dillMMt from the capital.
Further N. they have been called, from
their bright appearance, the Skinin^
Mountains. Tlie height of Chimbora-
20, the moft elevatctl jk/uu of this vaft
chain, is 20,280 feet alcove the level of
the feaj which is 7102 feet hightr than
any -other moinitain in the known
world. The Andes commonly form
two ridgea as they iuu, the one higher
and
*
t4 ANI^
adl k)iMcir» and covered with £(iow> rJl-
thoush in tbc ^torrid xone} tli« other
fivttntl m wi»dt» groves, &e. Thb
kttcr aboHiidt with wild hogs ) and
iMep called gusrnacos, reiemblmg a
camel in ftutpe, but of a fmaller 1ixe»
whofe hair for ibftnefs, fimrnefs, and
colour ts preferred to (ilk. The Atides
hare i6 Tokanoes» which break out in
Tarious places* and by melting the
fiiow, occaiiott futh torrents of water,
that numbers of men and cattle' have
veriflied» They are only paflable in
.Mnimer, and require 3 or 4 days to
leach tlie top of any one of the higheft.
Andover, a krge, fertile and thriv-
ing town in Effirx county, Maflkchu*
fttts. It contains 1863 inhabitants, in
two pnriflies. In the South pari/h are
a paper milt and poiinler mill, from the
latter of which the army received large
Ibppties of gim-powder in the late war.
There is an excellent academy in this
town, called •* Phillips Academy,"
which owes, its <exiftence to the liberal
benefactions of the iamily whole name
it bears. Andover \% under excellent
cultivstion, parcicularly that part which
is watered by Shawdieen Kiver. It
lies about 10 miles W. fromNewbury-
port, and about z% N. from Bofto'n.
Andover, in HillftorouEh, New.
Hampfliire, contains 645 inhabitants,
and was incorporated 1779.
Andover, is the fouth-weftemmoft
townfliip in Windlbr county, Vermont,
hat Chelter on the E. lies 3« miles N.
£. of Bennington, and contains 175
inhabitants.
Andover, a place in Soilex county,
New-Jerfey^ near the fource of Pequeft
River, 5 miles S. S. £. from New-Town,
and 16 in the fame diret^Uon from Wal-
pack.
Andre, St. a town in the kingdom
of Leon, in Novth-America, near the
mouth of NalTas Kiver, which falls into
tlte Giuif of Mexico.
Andreanoffski IJUSi a crefccnt of
Ifles between Afia and America, dil'cov-
•red in 1760. See Behring'j S traits y
and Northern Archipelago.
Andres, St. or Andreas, an ifland
on the Mufquito fliore, otf the Pearl
Keys. N. lat. 11. 30. W. long. 82. 30.
Andrew^s, St. a fmall town in the
contcfted country between New Bninf-
wick an<i the United States ^ fituated
in the reaf ui wn idand of the fame
niiAr» on the te. fide of tB« arm it M
inner bay of Paffinnaquoddy,' called
Scoodick. The 'town is regularly laid
odt in the form of ni obUmg fqttare*
The few inhabitants are chiefly employ'^
ed in the lumber ti-ade^ The eomftioii,
tides rife here aboilt 18 feet. ' ' *■
Andrew's, St. a townlhip in Ci4
ledonia county, Vermont^ 100 milet
N. E. from Bennington.
Andrew's, St. a parifh in CharlcfV
ton diftri£V, South. Carolina, contaii&i|f-
a(;47 inhabitants, of whom 37O' are
whites, and a546 (laves,
Andrew'^s Sound, St. lies 6. of
Jekyl's Ifland, and is formed by it and
a fmall ifland at the mouth of Great
Sagilla River. The fnlail river oppo(ite
this Sound feparates Camden from
Glynn county, m Georgia.
Andros, iflands on the S. W. of
Providence, in the Bahama iflands, cal-
led by the Spaniards, YUes del Efpiritu
Santo. They take up a fpace of 39
leagues long and 4 or 5 broad, inter- >
feAed by a number of very naiTow paf^^ ^^
fages.
Androscoggin, or Amarifcoggiit
Rivert in the diftrift of Maine, may be
called the main weftern branch of the
Kennebeck. Its iburces are N. of Lake
Umbagog. Its courfe is foutherly till
it approaches near to the White Moun-»
tains, from which it receives Moofe and
Peabody rivers* It then turns to the
E. and then to the S. E. in which
courfe it pafles within two miles of the
fea-coaft, and then turning N. runs
over Pejeplkaeg (alls into Merry- Meet-
ing-Bay, where it tbrms a junflign with
the Kennebeck, so miles from the fea«
Formerly, from this bay to the fea, the
conflueni: ftrtani was called Sagada-
hock. The lands on this river ai'e veiy
good.
Anegada, one of the Virgin Iflcs
in the Weft-Indies, and dependent on
Virgin Gorda. It is about 6 leagues
long, is low, and aiuioft covered by
water at high tiiies. On the S. fide is
Treafure Poin^. Lai. 18. 35. N. longt
63 W.
Anoaraez, a province In South*
America, in tlie empire of Peru, I'ub-
je6l to the nichbiih' p of Lima, lo
leagues N. W. by W. of the city of
Gnamnnga. It abounds in ail kinds of
grain and fruits, b'clides vaft droves of
cattle for labour and fuftenance.
Ancelo,
A NO
^^MOBLio, port of, it Ml harbottr mt
tkt Soutli Se» cooft, in tim middle be-
tmrecn St. Pedro arul Ca|tolita| a
broad mKti bay^ with good anchorage,
but bad landin|{ and the Spaaiaraa
reckon it as food a harbour as GuatuUs.
Anoblos, or Tlafcala, a provinoe
of Mtexioo> esctendin^ both to the North
and South CeaS) having that part of the
former «rhich is called the Gulf of
Mexico oil the B. the province of Gu»
axaca on the S. E. the Pacific Ocean
on the S. the province of Mexico Proper
on tlie W. and that of Penuco on the
N. from which it is divided hy Tufpa
river or Cavones. Prom one iea to the
other it is one hundred leaguesi alwiit
80 along the Gulf of Mexico, and ao
upon the South Sea coaft. Its ibil, cli<
mate, and produce^ are much the fame
with Mexico Proper. On the W. fide
is a chain of mountains of 18 leagues,
well cultivated; and another great
ridge of mountains on the N. W. the
neighbourhood of which fubjeAs it to
Shocking tempefts» horrid hurricanes,
and frequent mundations; yet this is
allowed to be the molt populous coun-
try of New-Spain, which is partly af-
cribed to its having been an ally to
Cortea, in the conuueft of Mexico, who
obtained a grant ot the emperor Charles
V. then alio king of Spain, by which it
is to this day exempt from all fervice or
duty whatfoever to that crown; and
only pays the king of Spain an handful
of maize per head, as an acknowldge-
ment, which inconfiderable parcels, al-
moft 60 years ago, amounted to near
1 3,oeo buftels { for it produces fo much
of that Indian com, that from theiKe it
liad the name of Tlafcala, i. e. the land
of bread, which name it gives to its
principal town. By this means the
towns and vilUiges fwarm with Indians.
Its priiKipal towns are Acafuchithau,
Achiachtca, Tufpa, Zacatlan, Cazeres,
Naftia, or Almira, Torre Blanca, Punta
Oelganda, Samputa, Xalappa, Puebla,
Tt^afa, Cordova, Punta Brava, New
Vera Cruz, &c. They fpeak the Span-
ifli tongue, and fcarcely any other;
are perK^lly recoiKiled to the Spanifli
cuftoms, and eratefiil for the counte-
nance and dcKrence fliewed to them
above their fellow-provinces. It was
anciently governed by kings, till civil
wars arifing in it, the people formed
ilicmfelves into an ariftocracy of many
AKH
*^
princes, to get rid of one. TkeT^i4^
ed the towns into diffinrent diari6fal»;
tach of which named one of their «hi«f«
to refide in the court of Tlafcala, whwe
they formed a fenate, whoiie refoliitiom<
were a law to the whole. Under thi«<
form of govemmeat, they maintaiaeii^
thcmfelvc* againft the rulers of Mexi-
co; and contintfed their ariftocracyi^
till tlieir reception of the Spaniards un-
der Cortex, whom they aflliftcd wirh
their numerous forces, and accompTifli^
ed the ruin of that empire ia isat.
See Mexiw,
AtrcoL, a town in the province cf .
Chili, South-America, 1*5 miles N. df
Baldivia. S. lat. 37. 36.W.long. 7a. f).
A NCR A Db Los Reyes, a town in
the captainfhip of Rio de Janeiro, ui>
Brazil, South- America, ful^c£t to the
Portuguefe, about 3-6 miles from Rio
de Jsmeiro. It is fitnated upon the
coaft in a fmall bay, from whence it has
its name; being in Engl ilh King''* Bay«
It has a churches, a monattery. and «
fmall guard-houfe of about 10 foldiers.
Its chief i^roduce is filh. Lat. a». aS»
S. long. 41. 10. W,
Anouilla, or Snake IJUind, focal-
led firom its windings and irregular
form, being 10 leagues in length, and
3 in breadth; as leagues N. W. of Bar.
buda, and 1 5 from St. Cluillopher's.
It is the moft northeriy of all the Ca-
ribbee ifl-mds pofTefled by the Britifli.
It was fettled in 1650. The inhabitants
Aibfift moftly by farming, planting In-
dian com, and other kinds of huftandrv.
The climate is very healthy, and the
inhabitants ftrong and vigorous. The
exports in 1770, amounted, in fugar,
rum, and cotton, to near 6000I. Long.
62. 10. W. lat. x8. 4. N.
Anguilla, a bank and iflnnd E. of
the Great Bahama Bank, and N. of tlie
iHandofCuha. Long. 78. 10. 1079/.
lat. 23I. to 14. 10. N.
Anguille, Cape, a point of land
in Newfoundland ifland, on tlie W.
fide, in tlie Gulf of St. Lawrc'nce, 6
leagues N. from Cape- Bay, the S. W,
extremity of the ifland, in lat. 47. 57. N.
Anguille, a bay on the N. N. E.
fide of the ifland of St. John's, in the
Gulf of St. Lawrence, oppofite Mag-
dalen Ifles ; and having St. Peter's har-
bour on the S. E. and Port Chimene ou
the N. W.
Annapolis River, in Nova-Scotia,
is
I
t« ANN
i» of fman Ite. It rifea in the E. ntar
the head mttn of tfar fmali rhrets
which liill into the hefou of Mints.
ilpn^lii river naflet into the bay of
Frady through tne bafim of ita own
tmatt on the 8. fide of which, at the
tfnoth of the river, ftands the town and
Ibrt of Annapolis Royal. It is naviga-
lileibr fti^s of any Wden lo mil«s«
lor thofe of loo tons, 15 miles ) and is.
uflSible for boats within ao miles of
Borton. The tide flows op 30 nules.
Annapolis, a county on the above
river, adjoining to King's county, hav-
ing 5 townlhips, viz. WUmot, Gran-
ville, Annapolis, the chief towns, Clare,
and Monckton. It is chiefly inhabited
^y Acadians, Iriih, and New-England-
Annapolis Royal, called Port
tbjal, by the French, when M. de
Fonts fettliMla colony here in 1605.
This town, the ch^ef town in the coun-
ty of this name, ftands on the S. fide of
the river and bay of Annapolis. Na-
ture has I'caixely omitted one thing to
lender this the fineft harbour in the
Yorld. It is two leagues in length, and
one in breadth, having a ft>iail ifland,
called Goat ifland, almoft in the mid-
dle of the balbn, which is faid to be
laige enough to contain feveral hundred
flups. Its depth of water is no where
Icfs than 4 or 5 fothoms; it being 6 or
7 on one Bde of the ifland, and on the
other 16 or 18. The bottom is every
where very good, and fliips may be fe-
cure in it from all winds. The entrarice
of the harbour is difficult, fays Charle-
voix, befules the inconvenience of great
fogs I Co t hat only one fliip can pafs in
or oiit at a time, and that with the
greateft pr«:caution, tlte fliip being ob-
liged to go ftem foremoft oy reafon of
the ftrong currents and tides here. The
town is not laree, but has fome very
handfome buildmgs. It is fortified ;
nor can it be cafiiy attacked, but by a
bombardment. I'he fort is capable of
containing ahoiit 100 men in its prefent
ftate. N. lar. 45. iq. W. long. 64. 5.
- Annapolis, 4s the chief town ot
. Ann Arundel county, and the capital
of the ttate of Maryland. It ftands iit
the mcuth of tlie Severn, 30 miles S. of
Baltimore i 31 £. by N. from the Fcd-
etal city ; 71 S. W. from Wilmington,
in Delaware ftate, and i3» S. W. from
Fkladel^hla. It was foimerly called
A N N
y
Severn, andiii 1694, itwMiMideap«Nt
town. It is fituated on a peainfui*
formed by. 'the river and two finall
creeks ; and affords a beautiful jprofpeft
of Chefiipeak Bay and the E. Ihorc be-
yond it. This city is of little note in
the commercial world) but >• the
wealthieft town of its iice in the United
States. The houfes, about 300 in num-
ber, are fpacious and elq^ant, indicative
of great wealth . Tlie ftate-houfe m ths
nobleft building of the kind in the
union. It ftands in the centre of the
city, from which point the ftreets di-
verge in every diieaion, like radii. Nr
lat. 38. 56. 15. long. 75. 8. W.
Ann ATOM, one of the new Hebridce
clufter of iflands.
Ann Arundkl Comfy, in Maryland,
lies between Patanfco and Patuxent
Rivers, and has Chefapeak Bay S. £.
Annapolis is the chief town. This
comity contains «i,598 inhabitants, of
whom 10,131 are flaves. .
Ann, Cafe, is the point of land ia
the town of that name, or Gloucefter,
which -forms the N. fide of Mafla^hu-
fetts Bay, as Cajpe Cod does the S. fide.
N. lat. 4^. 45. long. 70. 17. W. See
Gloucefier, This Cape was fo named
in honour of Ann, confort of King
James I.
Ann, St. a lake in Upper Canada,
noitherly from Lake Sti|Mrrior, which
lends its waters north- eafterly into
James's Bay, through Albany River.
Its north-eaftem- point lies in N. lat.
50. W. long. 88.
ANNi St. is the chief town of the
province of Parana, in the £. divifion
of Paraguay, South- America.
Ann, Fort, in the ftate of New-
York, lies at the head of batteaux navi-
gation, on Wood Creek, which fails
into South Bay, Lake Champlain, near
Skenenx)rough. It lies 6^ miles S. W»
by S. from Skenefl>orough Port; 10
£. S. £. from Fort George, and iz N.
£. by N. from Fort Edwud, on Hud-
fon Ktver. Such was the favage ftate
of this part of the countiy, and the
layers of trees laid lengthwiic and acrofs,
and fo broken with creeks and mai'flies,
that General Burgoyne's army, in July,
1777, could fcarccly advance above a'
mile in a day, on the road to Fort Ed-
ward. They had no fewer thai. 40
bridges to conftru6t, one of which was
of log work 2 miles iu length } circum-
fiances
ISniH Whtcli In ftfter ages will appear
liiuxnycreclibte.
Ann*s, 9t. a port on the E. fide of
Cape. BretiMi Ifland, where fifhitiK v^f-
felt flift^ put in. It Ilea on the N. W.
fide ^ the entrance into Labrador Lake.
W. lone. 60. 'N. lat. 47.
AnnV St. it a finall town on the
iRiver St. John's, province of New-
Brahfwick, abont So miles from St.
John*8. It is at prefent the feat of
government.
Anson, an interior county of N.
Carolina, in Fayette dlftrijl, having
Mecklinhurgh county N. and Bladen
and Cumberland counties on the £. It
contains 5133 inhabitants, including
8z8 flavet.
ANtHONy*sFALLS, St. in the River
Klifliiippi, lie about 10 miles N. W. of
the mouth of St. Pierre River, which
joins the Miflifippi from the W. and
are fituated in about lat. 44. 50. M.and
Were fo named by father Louis Henni.
pin, who travelled into thefe parts about
the year 1680, and was the firft Euro-
¥an ever feen by the natives there,
he whole river, 250 yards wide, falls
perpendicularly above 30 feet, and
tbrra.s a moft pleafing cataraft* The
rapids below, in the fpace of 300 yards,
render the defcent coufiderably greater;
fo that when viewed at a diftance, they
appear to be much higher than they
really are. In the middle of the falls
is a fmall ifland, about 40 feet broad,
and fomewhat longer, on which grow
a few hemlock and fpruce trees ) and
about half way between this ifland arid
the eaftem fliore, is a rock, lying at the
very edge of the fall, ui an oblique
portion, 5 or 6 feet broad, and 30 or 40
long. Thefe falls ai% peculiarly fitu>
nted, as thev arc approachable without
the leaft obltruAion from any interven-
ing hill or precipice } which cannot be
(kid, perhaps, of any other confiderable
fall in the world. The fcene around is
exceedingly beautiful. It is not an un-
interrupted plain, where the eye finds
no relief, but compofed of many grntle
afcents, which, in the fpring and fum-
<ner, are covered with vei dure» and in-
terrperfed with little groves, that give a
pleaflng varietv to theprofpe£i.
At a little diflance below the falls is
a fmall ifland, about i| acre, on which
grow a great number of oak ti-ees, all
the branches of wbichi able t« bear the
lift
I*
wel||^t,.are. In the proper ftaAacf t^e
year, loaded with cagle*s nefls. Tb^
inftioAive wifilom has taught then /to
chooie this phRe> as it is fecure^ on *6»
count of tnie rapids above, from uit
attacks either of man or beaft.
Anthony's KUlt a weftern water of
Hudfim River, tts mouth is 7 mile*
above that of Mohawk River, with
whi^h likewife it communicates at tht
E. md of Long Lake. ^
Anthom Y*8 Ntfe* a boint of hmd in
the Highlands, on Hudfon River, ii|
the ftate of New-York* fiom which to
Fort Montgomery on the oppoflte fide«
i.laige boom and chain was extended
in the late war, which coft not lefa
than 70,0001. fterling. It was partly
deffaroyed and partly carried away by
General Sir Henry Clinton, ui Oftober*
1777. AITo* the nante given to th«
point of a mountain on the N. bank of
Mohawk River* about 30 miles abovf
ScheneAady. Around this pomt runs
the fbge road.
AnTicosti, a barren, uninhabite4
ifland, in the mouth of St. Lawicnc«
River*
Amtietam Cretit in Maryhnd,rlfet
by feveral branches in Penn(ylvania»
and empties into Potowmack River, 3
miles S. S. E. from Sharpfliurgh. Eliza-
beth and Funk's towns ftam on this
creek. It has a number of mills and
forns.
Antigva, or Ant^dt one of the
Caribbee Iflands in thi^ Weft-tndies*
belonging to Great-Brit^, is fituated
60 mues to the eaftward of Nevis and
St. Chriftopher's. It is almoft circu-
lar; being about 15 miles long and to
broad, containing 59,838 acres of bnd,
of which^ about 34,000 are appropri-
ated to th*e growth of fugar and paftur^
age annexed t Its other Itaples are cot-
ton and tobacco. The foil is naturally
rich, and when not checked by exceu
five droughts, to which Antigua is par-
ticularly fubjeft, is very produftive.
Columbus, who difcovered this iflandy
named it from a church in Seville, San-
m Maria de la Antigua ; and his fon«
Ferdinand, fays that its Indian name
was Jamaica. It is a fingular eircum-
ftance, that this word, which in the
language of the larger iflands fignified a
coxmtry abounding with fprings, fliovld«
in the dialect of the Caribbees, have
been ap)pUed to an ifland that has not
B a fiQsls
»t
ANT
« flBf 1« flNnag or rivulet of ^rtfli witcr
In ie« The iiiKabitknt« ihake dfe of
nin water, Which^ when preferred in
Cilleraiy is light, pure and wholefome.
From drought ind other tircumftances,
It it diffidilt to flimifh an avei^ge re-
turn of the crops, which tary to Aich
* degree, that the <^uaiitity of fugar ex>
^ted in foroe years, is fivf times great-
er than in others'} thus in 1779, ^^''^
(hipped 338s hogfheMis, aiid 579 tier-
ces) in 178s, the crop was i5,38x
hogflieads, and 1603 tierces j and in
the years 1770, 1773, and 1778, there
were no crops at all; the canes being
deftroycd by a long drought, and the
Ivhote body of negrons matt hare pe-
riihed, for want of food, if American
Vtflels had not fupplied them with corn
andfl6ur. On an average, 17,000 hogf-
heads of fugar, of 10 cwt. each, are
reckoned a ^od faving crop. Antigua
exported in one year, ending the 5th of
January, 1778, to the value of 592,5961.
15s. 8a. fterling, in 233 veflels: the
cargoes were 184-, 5x6 cwt. i qr. 18 lbs.
(ufi^fj 7191546 gal. mciafles; 26 lbs.
iMdigO; dying woods and other fmall
aurticles. The value exported to the
tJnited States, included m the above,
^vas^.ti,o3i 15 4. The ifland abounds
in black cattle, hogii, fowls, and moft
of the animals id common with the
other idands. The iiutiiber of iiihabit-
^ts, both white and black, feem to have
decreafed prog^-tflively. In 1774, the
^hite inbrbitants amounted to 2590,
dnd the flaves to 37,808. The iflami is
divided into 6 pariihes and 11 diftri6ls.
The pariOies are St. John's, St. Mary's,
St. George, St. Peter, St. Paul, and St.
Philip. It has 6 towns and villages.
St. John's, (the capital) Parham, Fal-
mouth>WilloMghby.Bay,01d-Bay,01d-
Koad, and James Fort; the two fiift
of which are legal ports of entiy. No
ifland in this part of the Well- Indies
can boad of fo many excellent har-
bours ; of thefe the principal are Eng-
lifli Harbour, and St. John's, both well
fortified ; and at the former are a royal
navy yard, and arienal, with coft\^eni-
6nces for careening fliips of war. The
Inilitary cftabliflimcnt generally confifts
of % regiments of infantry, and 2 of
foot militia. There are iikewife a
fquadron of dragoons, and a battalion
of artillery, both raifed in the ifland ;
aad the regulars receive additional jwy
ANT
as in Jamaica. The governor or c«p«
tiin.reileral of the Leeward Caribbdui
Iflands, generally refides in Antigua*
but vifits occafionally each ifland witllui
his government; and, in hearing tmi
determinhig caufes from the other
iflands, pi-efldes alone : He is ch^ceU
lor of each ifland by his ol^ce ; but in
caufes arifmg in Antigua, he is afliflml
by his council, after ihepraftice of Bar-
badoes; and the preudent, together
with a certain numoer of the council,
may determine chancery caufes durine
the abfence of the govemor-genei-al.
The other courts of this ifland are a
court of king's bench, a court of com-
mon pleas, and a court of exchequer.
The church of the United Brethren has
been very fuccefsful in converting to
chriftianity many of the negro flaves of
this and the other iflands. The climate
here is hotter than at Barbadoes, and
like that ifland fubjeft to hurricanes.
The firft grant of Antigua was made
by Charles II. about 1663, to William
Lord Willoughby of Parham, and three
years nfter, a colony was, planted. t\
was furprifed the fame year by thdi
French. It made no figure in com-
merce, till Col. Chriftopber Codring-
ton, lieut. governor of Barbadoes, came
and fettled here in 1(90. There hap-
pened a moft terrible hurricane here
m 1 707, that did vaft damage to this
ifland and Nevis, mote than to any of
the Carribbee iflands. In Oflober^ 1736,
was the plot of Court, Tombay and
Hercules, three Indians who had con-
veyed gun-powder under the ball-room,
where the governor was to give a ball ;
but it was happily difcoverra, and they
were all executed. Antigua lies be-
tween 17. 7^. and 17. 17. 45. N. lat.
and between 61.22. 15. and 61. 36. 11.
W. long.
Antilles, a clufter of iflands in the
Weft-Indies, diftinguiflied into Great
and Small. They lie from 18 to 24 de-
gi-ees cf N. lat. are diftinguiflied into
Windward and Lee<Mrard Iflands, and
lie in the form of a bow, ftretching from
the r/'aft of Florida N. to that of Bra-
zil S. The moft remarkable of thenl
are Cnba, Jamaica, Hifpaniola or Do-
mingo, ami Porto Rico. See each un-
der its proper head.
Antiqwera, a feaport town in the
province or Guaxaqua, in Mexico.
ANTiquiERAior dntequi(ra, a (own
in
At A
tfi^ew-SpUiit province of Guaxiiqila,
75 miles a. of tne city of Guaxaqua.
Antrivintria, a fubdivifion of
Terra Pinnae lying to the South of
Carthagtona;
Antonio Oe Svchite^bc, St. a
town in Mexico oir New Spain, on the
coaft of the Pai;ific Ocean. N. lat», 15.
W. long; 93. 5-.
Antonio, St. the capital of the
province of Apachiera, in New- Mexico.
Antonio, a town in the province of
Navarre, in North-America, on a river
which runs S. W. into the Gulf of
California.
Antonio, Cape, St. the moft wef-
tern point of the ifland of Cuba ; hav-
ing on the N. W. a number of iflots
and rocks, called Los Colorados, be-
tween which and the cape is the chan-
nel of Guaniguanica. N. lat. a a. ly
W. long. 8s|.
Antonio Db Cabo, St. a town in
Brazil, in SoUth-America, near Cape
St. Auguftine, fubjefl to the Portu-
guefs. Here they make a corulderable
quantity of fugar. S. lat. t. 34. W.
long. 35. is.
Antonio, St. a town in New-Mexi-
co, on the W. fide of Rio Bravo River,
below St. Gregoria. Alfo, the name
of a town on the river Hondo, which
falls into the Gulf of Me-Sco, N. E. of
Rio de Brava } and on the eaftem fide
of the river, S. by W. from Texas.
Anterim, a townihip in Hilifljo-
rough cofanty, New-Hamp(hire, having
518 inhabitants, incorporated in 1777 ;
75 hniles W. of Portfmouth, and about
the fame diftance N. W. of Bofton.
An ville, or MiOtr's Toxun, in Dau-
phine cOunty, Pennfylvania, at the head
of Tulphehockei: Creek. When the
canal between the Sufquehannah and
Schuylkill, along thefe creeks, is com-
pleted, this town will probably rife to
feme confequcnce. It lies 18 miles N.
K. by E. fi-om Harrilburgh, and 65. N.
W. from Philadelphia.
Anzerma, is a town and province of
Popayan, in South-America, having
mines of gold. It is feated on the river
Coca. N. lat. 4. 58.
_ Apachiera, an audience and pro-
vince of New-Mexico, whofc capital is
St. Fe, in N. lat. 36. 30. W.long. 104.
APALACHES,or 5r. Mark's R. rifes in
the country of the Seminole Indians, in
E, Florida, in N. lat. 31. 30. near th«N.
W. fource of Great SatilU River ) rtliiui
S. W. thix>ugh the Apalachy countivi
into the bay of Apalachy» ia tM
Gulf of Mexieo, about i j miles be-
low St. Mark's. It runs about it|
miles, and fiiUs into the Bay near thf
mouth of Apalachicola River.
Al>ALACHicdLA, a river between
E. and W. Florida, having its Iburce ill
the Agalachian Mountairtst in the Che-
rokee country, withiit ten miles of
TugUloo, the upper bran(;h of Savan-
nah Riverk l^ronl its fottr^e to the
mouth of Flint RiVer, a diftance of too
miles, it is called Chau-Uche, orCha-
tahooche River. Flint River falls into
it from the N. E. below the Lower
Creek Towns, in N. lat. 31. Frortk
thence it runs near 80 miles and fellf
into the Bay of Apalachy, or Apalachi-
cola, in the Gult of Mexico, at Capo
Blaize. From its fource to the 33d dtg^
of N. lat. its courfe it S. W. from^
thence to its mouth it runs nearly jS.
See Cbata-Ucba and Ftint Rititti.
Apalachicola, is likewife the
.name of the mother town or capital of
the Creek or Mufcogulge confedei-acy,
called Apalachucla by Bertraip. it is,
(ays he, facred to peace} no captives
are piit to death or human blood fpilt
here : and when a general peace is pro.-
poftd, deputies from all the towns in
the confederacy meet here to delibe-
rate. On the other hand, the great
Coweta Town, \% miles higher up the
Chata-Uche River, is called the Btootfy
To^wn^ where the Micos chiefs and
warriors aflemble when a general war
is propofed} and there captives and
ftate malefactors are put to death.
Apalachicola is fituated a mile and an
half above the ancient town of that
name, which was fituated on a pehin-.
fuh formed by the doubling of the riv-
er, but deferted on account of inunda- .
tions. The town is about 3 days jour-'
ney from Tallaflee, a town on the Tal-
lapoofe River, a branch of the Mobile
River. See Conueta, and TaUaffee.
Apalachian Mountains^ a part of
the range called fometinies by this name, .
iMit generally Alleghany Mmntains. In
this part of the great chain of moun-
tains, in the Cherokee country, the
river Apalachicola has its fource.
Apalachy Co««/ry, extends acrdfs
Flint and Apalaches Rivers, in Eaft- _
Florida, having the Seminole country '
B & en
« A<i.O
(DO the N. E> Apdachy, or Apalachy«i
1i by Ibine writers, applied to a town
and hai'tiour id Pbrida, 90 miles E. of
Ttalktoh, and the fame diftance W.
firomi Del Spirttu Sahto River. The
tribes of the Apalachian Indians lie
arbund it.
Apo<^INBMy Cretkt falls into De-
laware Bay from Middletown, in New<
baftk county, Delaware, a mile and an
half below Reedy Ifland. A canal is
toropoied to extend from the fouthern
oranch of this creek, at about 4 miles
irom Middlctown, to the head oH Bo-
hemio River, nearly 8 miles diftant;
wMeh win form a water communica-
tion between Delaware Bay, and that
of Chcrapfxk, through Elk River.
Aprils ijami, a fmall uninhabited
iflatid in St. Lawrence River, in Cana-
da, on the S. Hde of the river, between
Bafque and Green Iflands. It is (vv-
MNiikled by rockst which renders the
navigation dangerous.
ArPLB Tfivw. an Indian village on
the E. fide of Seneca Lake, in New-
York, between the townfhips of Ovid
on the S. and Romulus <m tlie N.
' Appom ATOX, is the name of a fouth-
ern branch of James River, iaVirginia.
It may be navigated as far as' Broad-
ways, t or 10 miles from Bermuda
Htuidred, by any vcffcl which has crow-
ed Harrifon's Bar, in James River.
It has 8 or 9. feet water a mile or two
farther up to FilherU Bar, and 4. feet on
that and upwards to Peterlburg, where
all navigation ceafes.
Apol6-Bama, ajurifdifilon confift-
in^ of miflions belonging to the Fr«n-
cilcans, fubje£l to the bimop of Culco,
60 leagues from that city, in the em-
pire of Peru. Thel'e conuft of 7 towns
of converted Indians. Toprote£l thefe
fixim the infults of the other Indians,
and to give credit to the Miilionaries, a
inilitia is kept here, under a major-ge-
neral, formed by the iniiabitants.
'APuaiUA, or Jppramac, a very rapid
river in Peru, South-America, 30 miles
from the river Abanzai.
A<qrAFORT, a fettlement on the E.
tide ot the Ibuth-eaftern extremity of
Newfoundland Ifl&nd, lat. 47. to. N.
A&UEDOCHTON, the outlet of lake
WInnipifeogee, in Ncw-Hampfliire, N.
lat. 43. 40. whofe waters pal's tlu'ough
iflveral fmaller ones in a S. W. courl'e,
and empty into Meriimack River, be-
ARC
tween tlie town* of Sanbum and Om*
tcrbury.
AqyiDNiCK, the ancient Indian
name of Rhpdc-Ifland, in the ftate of
Rhode-Ifland.
Akaouaya, abranchof Para Rive>>
in Brazil. See Psrm.
Ararat, AfoMtf, or tht.Sfotu Ht04,
afliortrange of mountains on the U,
frontier of North-Carolina, in a N. £.
direction from Ararat River, a N. W.
branch of Yadkin River.
Arathapb scow, an Indian tribe in-
habiting the IHoies pf the lake and river
of that name, in the N. W. part of
North-America, between the latitudes
of 57. and 59. N. North of this na-
tion's abode, and near the Arftic Cir-
cle, is Lake Edlande, around which
live the Dog Ribbed Indians.
Aravco, afortrefs and town of Chili,
in South- America: fituated in a Hoe
valley, on a river of the fiune name, N.
by W. from Baldivia. The native In-
dians are fo brave, that they drove th«
Spaniards out of their country, though
deftitute of fire-arms. S. lat. 37. 30.
W. long. 73. so.
Arizibo, one of the principal placet
in Porto Rico Ifland, m the Weft-In-
dies. It has few inhabitants, and little
trade but finuggling.
Arcas. an ifltmd in the Gulf of
Mexico, in the Bay of Campeachy.
Lat. so. long. 9s. 50.
Arch Sfrins* ^ ^^ ^^' ^^''
ley.
Archipelago, Dn^gerotis, the
name given by Bougainville, in Feb.
1768, to a dufter of iflands in the Pa.
cific Ocean, in the neighbourhood of
Otaheite, fituated between 10. and 18.
degrees S. lat. and between 14s. and
14$. degrees. W. lonjr. from Paris. The
iflands which compoie this Archipela-
go, he named Quatre Facardins, the
Lancters, and La Harpe, and other
iflands, forming two groups, to which
he gave no names. In Api'il, i7&9»
Capt. Cook fell >n with tliefe fame
iflands, and nanKa them Lagoon Ifland,
Thrum Cap, Bow Ifland, and the Two
Groups.
AKCHiPiLAGO ef the GrtatCyclaJet,
a dufter of iflands in the Pacific Ocean»
lying between 14 and 10 deg. S. lat.
and between 164 and 168 deg. E. long,
from Paris, difcovered by Bougainville,
aid of Maj, 1768. This 1% the fame
dufter
ARI
duller of iflands difcovend b^r QgtrM
In i6e6. Mid by him called 1$nrm Am-
/rmt M Bprim SMht which fee —
Ctpt.Coofc ptftd thefe iflands in 1774,
and called them New Hebrides.
ARDOiSt a mountain in Nova-Sco-
tia, between Windfor and Halifiuc} 13
miles N. W. from the latter. It is
deemed the higheft land in Nova-Sco-
tia, and affords an extenftve profpeft of
all the hjrh and low lands about Wind-
for and Falmouth, and the diftant Ctiun-
try bordering the Bafon of Minas.
Are^u IPA, is one of the largeft cltian
in Pern, South-America>and was found-
ed by Don Francifquo Fizarro, in
1539. It ftands in the valley of Q^ilca,
about so leagues from the tea, in a fer-
tile country. Near it is a dreadful vol-
cano. The air is very temperate ; and
the befl ii) the country ) but iv has been
four times laid in ruins by earthquakes.
It is very populous, and well built)
contains a convent, and two nunneries,
and had a college of Jefuits. It has a
bithoprtck in Lima, and lies 190 miles
S. by E. from that city. Lat. 16. 40.
S. long. 75. 30. W.
Argyle, a townfliipin Waibington
county. New. York, on the E. bank of
Hudlbn River, containing 1341 in-
habhants, incluftve of 14 flaves. In the
ttate cenfus of 1796, there appears to
be 404 dehors.
Argyle, a townfhip in Shelburne
county, Nova-Scotia, fettled by Aca-
dians and Scotch.
Arica, a jurifdiAion in the btfliop-
rick of Arequipa, in Peru, extending
along the coaft of the South Sea. It
produces little ell'e than agi, or Guinea
pepper; and in fome places large
olives, of which they make oil and
pickles : but, although the coxmuy is
otherwiie barren, the produce of pep-
per amounts annually to no lefs than
60,000 dollars value,
Arica, a town and port in the pro-
vince of Los Charcos, in Peru ; being
the port.town to nioft of the mines in
that country. It is a place of vali
trade, and very populous ; feldom
without a |reat deal ol (hipping. It is
but badly fortified, and has been much
injured by earthquakes, which have
alfo hurt its trade. No rain ever ^lls
here ; the houfes are therefore without
roofs. Th^ valley of Arica is famous
for little elfe than the culture of Guinea
A RS
9
t
peiiper, which the SmuBiundt pl«ntc(^ ,
and of this thty raift annually to Ibt
value of So,ooo crowns. It it 5|*
miles S. E. of Lima. S. lat. tl. S7.
W. long. 71. 6.
Arichat, a town in Cape Jlrtton
ifland.
Aries Kill, a fmall creek which mni
northerly into Mohawk River, sfmilct
W. from Schoharie River* in New*
York.
Arkansas, a N. W. branchof Mif»
fifippi River, of a very lengtbv couHct
which foils in by two nnoutlis, ana
forms an ifland, whole north>we#tm
point lies in N. lat. 33. 35. W. long.
91. Its length 35 mHes) its breadth
10. The branch on the north-eaftem
fide of the ifland, receives White Riv-
er, about t4 miles from its mouth*
Arlington, a townftiip in Benmng*
ton county, Vermont, i» miles N. from
Bennington. It has 991 inhabitants.
ARMOVCHiqyois, a natibn of In-
dians in Canada.
Arnedo, a town in Pern, on th*
South-Sea, as miles N. of Lima.
Arraciffe, a port-town of Braiil,
in the captainfliip of Pemambaco } eC-
teemed the ftixmgeft in all Brazil. The
port confiftf of a iuburb, in which are
Ibnie large houfes, and repofitories for
ftores ; and is built upon a narrow
palTage, with a caftle to defend tHe en-
trance. Notwithftanding which, James
Lancaflcr entered the harbour in 15959
with 7 Englilh veflTels, and made himT
felf mafter of the town and caftle>
where he continued a month, and car-
ried off immenfe plunder ) but fince
that time, the Portuguefe have render,
ed it almoft inaccelTible to enemies.
Lat. 8. so. S. lonz. 36. 10. W.
Arrayal De Porate, a town in
Bnuil, fltuated on the W. fide of Pan
River, below the jun£lion of its two
great branches. See Para River.
Arrowsike, an ifland in the dif-
tri£t of Maine, parted from Parker's
Ifland by a fmall f^rait. It is within
the limits of George-Town, and con-
tains nearly ^ of its inhabitants, and
has a ehurch. It contains about ao,oQ«
acres of land, including a large quanti-
ty of fait marfli . See Ctorgf- Tinvn and
Farker'j Ifiand,
Arsacides, the Iflands of tbtt the,
name eiyen by M. de Sundlle, in 1769*
, to Sobmon's Iflands on acdnint of
B 3 the
•• ASH.
th« birbtraui elwr;||l|ti' of th«tr inhab>
Itmtii MitkuUrly it Port Pr«iUn.
ThtAi ioiimti wtrc vlfittd by Mi*. Nhort.
lilld In tjll, Hnd by him cstlfd New.
GverstK. 8n 5»l$mii's l/ltt and Pm
ARYMUii KULL, or NfVMrk Bayt
on tin foaft of Ntw- t«iTey, {■ formed
hf ihv Mnton of PaOiiU and Hackinlkck
Klvtn.
Arvia, «ina of the Little Antlllo
Idandt, in the Weft-Imtie«, it |\ibieA
to the Dutch. It ie uninhabited, liei
nMr Terra Flrma, 14 ienguei W. of
Curacoa, and product! little die be-
Mw com and wood. N. lat. la. 30.
W. long. 67. J 5.
ARUNDBL»atown(hip In York coun.
tyidlHrift of Maine, conitiiiuitg 145II
inhabltantt. It Ilea between Cnpc For-
Kite, and Biddefbrd on the N. E. on
eo River, 11 milei N. B. from York,
•Ad 96 N. E. from Doftnn.
AlANOAkO, a jui ililt£lion under the
bilhop of Culbo, in Peni, South Ame-
rica, 50 league* from that city 1 num-
ben of cattle arc breti heie. Thcix
arc Ibme filver mines in the N. E. purt
of it i and it produces papat, quinoat,
and canamat. Of the two lalt they
make chicha, at other* do front maixu.
AlCKNtlON B«y, lie* on tl\e E. iidc
of the peninAiia ot Yuct<i .n, in the Bay
of Honduras, having Ambci Bay on
the N. ami the northern point of Am-
berereefe Key on the S. which forms a
paflage into Hanover Bay, S. fram Af-
ccnflon Bay.
This is alfo the nnme of a bay in the
N. part of the Otilf of Mexico, fituateii
between Cape Balitc at the mouth of
the MilTifippi, and the Bay of Freflt
Water on the W, in the soth degree of
N. lat. and 9sd of \V. lone.
' AdHBURNiiAKt, fbrmerly Dofihffler
Ctmittlat lies in Worreftcf county,
Maflachufetts, 50 miles N. of Worcd-
tcr, and 5^ from Bolton, was incor|K)r-
ated in i 70 5, and contains i^$i iuh.ibi-
4ant!t. It idaiuis upon the height of
land E. of Connei>icut River,, and W.
of Mcnimitck, on the banivs of Little
Naukhcag. In tlus to\vnft\ip, is a
ASS
white ftrKlj equal in fincncis to that at
Cape Ann, and whifh, it is judged,
would make tine glaf;:.
AsHPY, a townthip in MiiUlefex
•oumy, M afTachurctts, 50'miK-s N. W.
tixim Bofton, containing 7 5 1 inhabitants.
AiMO VTNIY, or A/0ciiiii0t ■ moMi*
tain In Varmont, being partlv \m tht
townihips of WIndlbr and Wcatkerf-
Aeki, and oppofite Claremont on Sugar
River, in New-HampAtirc ttate. It it
to ) I feet above the Tea, and 1 7 ) t, abova
high water in ConneAicut River, whicli
glides by its E. fidt.
AiHriRi.D,a townfliipin Hahiplhlre
county, Mailhchufrtts, about 15 milra
N. W. of Northampton, and 117 W,
from Bofton, containing 14J9 inhabit-
ants.
AiHFOKD, a townAiip in Windhant
county, ConniAicut, fettled from Marl-
borotigh in Mafl'acliufetts, and was in*
corporated in 1710. It lies about :) 8
miles north-eafterly from Hartford, am)
76 fouth-weltcrly from Boibm.
AsHroKD, Nkw, a townlhip in
Berklhire county, Maflachufctts, 151
miles W. from Bofton, containing 4.69
inhabitants.
AsiiMOT, the principal harbour in
Ide Miidame, which is dependent on
Cape Breton. See BriloM (.aft.
Ash ub LOT, or J/bwilUt, a fmall
river, having a number of branches,
whole moft diliant Iburce is at tht N.
end of the Sunapec Mountains, in New-
Hampfhire. It rtms fouth-wtftcrly
through part of Chefhire county. Be-
low Winchefter it runs W. by N. and
empties into ConneAicut River, at
HinlUale.
As POT Aop B N MoHMlai^. This high
land lies on the promontary that fepu«
rates Mahone from Margaret's Ray, on
the coalt of Nova-Scotia, (t is feen nt
a great diftance from tlie oi\ing, and ia
the land generally ma«le by the fltipi
bound from Europe »nd the Weft-In-
(iie» to Halifax. The fummit is about
500 tieet above the level of the Tea.
Ass ABET, a rivulet which lii'es in
Grafton, Woi^cftcr county, Madachu-
fetts, and runs N. £. into Merrimack
Riycr.
AssENcpowALS, a lake wellward
of Chriftianaux Lake, and through
whivl* its waters run into Albany Ri-
ver, in New South Wules,
AssiNiBOiLS, or 4^V'%//, a river
anil lake in tho N. W. part of North-
Amcrifa. The river is faitl to rile iu
the Mountains of Bright Stories, luns
N. E. into Lake Ouinipiquc in N. lat.
51 i W. long. 106.
' The lake is placed in fome maps in
th«
ATA
the ftd dfg. of N. lit. and 9<th of W.
king. It Imi communiciition with
Chrlfttontttx Like* on tlit •b.lwanli
which Arnd> i»i wttcn to Junes Biv.
Ntar thcA lie the countriei of the
ChriftiiMux, and ICirie, called alfo
Kililftina.
AiiiNOii, a nation of Indians inhab-
iting the forefli of Canada.
AlflVMrriON, an epileopal city, in
the province of Paraguay, in the E. di-
vifion of Paraguay or La Plata in S.
America. It ftandi on the caftcrn hank
of a river of iti name, a little above the
•lace where the Picolmaga fails into it )
having Villa Rica on tlie N. and La
Plata on the 8. and is nearer the Ibuth-
em, than the Pacific ocean i hut not
far from the middle nf that part of the
coittincnt. It was built bv the Span-
brds In 153S, and is remarkable for its
healthy fituation, as well m frr the
number of its inhabitants, and the rich
and fruitful territory in which it Hands j
which produces a great variety of na>
tive and exotic fruits, in the higheit
rerfe£lion. Here are feveral hundred
paniflt families, defcendants of the
flower of the gentry who fettled in this
place { while the dregs of their coun-
trymen removed to other parts. There
are likewife a number of Meftizos and
Mulattoes. The city lies about 50
leagues above the confluence of the
Paraguay and Parana, where the for-
mer begnis to be sailed, the Kiver dc
la Plata. Near .:he city is a lake, noted
for having in the middle of it a rock,
which (hoots up to a prodigious height
like an obeiiflc. Lat. a6. S. long. 57.
40. W.
Assumption Rivtr, in New-York,
falls in from the E. into Lake Ontario,
after a N. W. and W. cowrfeof about
at miles, 5 miles S. H. 'I'om Pi. Gaverfe.
AsTCHiKOUNiri,av:iftlakeinWew-
Britain, abounding with whales, and
fuppofed to communicate with the
Northern Sea.
Atacama, or Attacama, a town,
harliour, province, and juril'di^lion in
Peru in S. America, lao leagues from
La Plata ', fertile, and remarkable for
the fiflt called Tolo, with which it car-
ries on a great trade with tlie inland
provincei. This province divides the
kingdom of Peru from that of Chili.
Ihere is a great defert of the fame
namcj and a chain of mountains which
A TO
•I
from the PW*
fcpirate Ptni on the N
vmce of Q]tito. On thcfe mounMiiM
the cold is lb violent, that paflengtra
are fomctimes fronen to death. Lat*
ta. S. long. to. so. W.
Atchi KovNiri, • lake in La-
brador, which fends its watcra ftwth-
erly into St. Lawrence R. through •
connrAed chain ot fniall lakes.
Athapeicow Lakt. See Ara-
tbapffeow, and Siavt Lmka.
Athkni, a townlhip in Windham
CO. Vermont, 3s miles N. E. from Ben*
nington, and nbout 6 W^. from Con-
netficut R. having 450 inhabitants.
Sextons R. which riles in Londonderry,
Kail'cs S. E. by Athens, into the town-
lip of Weltminfter to Conn. K.
Athol, a townfliip in Worcefter co.
Mafliichufctts, containing 16,000 acrea
of land, very rocky and uneven, but
well watered with rivers and iltreams t
On thefe Hand 4 grift. mills, 6 faw-mills,
a fulling.mill and a trip hammer. It
contains 84! inhabitants, is 35 milea
N. W. from Worcefter, and yt fi-om
Bofton. A medicinal fpring famed for
its many virtues, ifliics out of a high
bank on Miller's River, ao feet above
the furfacc of the river.
Atkinson, a townfliip in Rocking-
ham CO. N. Hampfhire, which was in-
corporated in 1767, and in 1775 con-
tained 575 inhabitants, in 1790 only
479. It is dtftant 30 miles from PortN
mouth, and has an academy which was
founded in 1789, by the Hon. N. Pea-
body, who endowed it with 1000 acrea
of land.
In this townfliip is a large meadow
wherein is an i/lland of 6 or 7 acres, which
was formerly loaded with valuable pine
timber and other foreft wood. When
the meadow is overflowed, by means
of an artificial dam, this ifland rifes
with the water, v/hich is fometimes 6
feet. In a pond, in the middle of the
iflund, there have been fifli, which, when
the meadow has been overflowed have
appeared there, when the water haa
been drawn off, and the ifland fettled
to its ufual place. The pond is now
almoA; covered with verdure. In it a
pole 50 feet long has difappeared, with-
out finding bottom.
Atlantic Oceant The, feparatea
America from Europe and Afirica.
Atoya<^e, adeepand large river
in Mexico, or New Spain. On it ia
B4 tU
■■%*
H AUG
tht fmaw imivmI NrUn. ctlltd PtiiH
di Diit 190 nuilM 8. B.oif Mcxieo, «»vtr
whkh MMchM ud carriafts convcm>
iBClvMA. ,
AtratOi •conMcnbl* rhrer which
ruM into Um Qulf of Mexico, near Cfar-
thatcna.
ATTLtBOROVOiit a townlhSp in
Brillol CO. Maflkchufettt, 3s milct
ibutherly from Bofton, and 9 N. from
Ptoiidcncc.
AtwooS*! JCpr, a (Wiall ifland fur-
rounded byroclit, la milct N. E. from
CroolLcd I. and jocaftward from Yuma,
or Long. I. one of the Baluunai. N.
lat. a), at. W. long. 73.
AvovtTA Cp. in Virginia, hat Albe>
maric co. on the E. Part of it lies E.
and part W« of the North Mt. a ridge
•fthcAUeghany. The foil it fertile,
•nd tlie county contains 10,886 inhabi-
tants, including t c<7 flavei.
Here is a remarkable cafcade, called
tiie FalSiig spring. It is a branch of
the James, where it is called Jack(bn*s
R. rifing in the mountains 10 miles S.
Vr. from the ll'arm Strmg^ or Hoi
Springs which lies in N. lat. 38. 9. W.
long. 80. 6. At the FalBttg Spruit the
vvatcrfiills soo feet) which is about
50 feet higher than the fall of Nia-
gara. Between the flieet of water and
the rock below, a man mav walk acrofs
dry. The Iheet of water is only la or
3 5 feet wide aborc and fomewhat wider
below, . It is broken in its breadth in
f wo 01- three places, but not at all in its
height.
AvovsTA, in the Upper DlftriA of
Georgiat was till lately the feat of eo-
▼crnment. It is fituated on a fine plain
In Richmond co. on the S. W. bank of
^vafinah R. where it is near 500 yards
broad, at a bend of the river, \%f miles
N. W, fffmi Savannah ; from Wafh-
ington S, B. by E. and from Louifville,
S. weiterly, 50 miles ) and 93^ miles S.
^ff. from rhiladelphia.
At the firft fettlement of the col<my.
Gen. Oglethorpe ere£led a fort here,
for prote£ling the Indian trade, and
holduig treaties with the natives. In
1739, about 600 peofjle feparated them-
felvet froin the migritlme fettlements,
and removed to its neighbourhood to
carry on a peltry trade with the In-
dians. There were, however, but 3
or 4 houfes in the town of Augufta in
• 780^ and in 1787 it cpntaiiMd aco*
AUit
The comtry tooimI It has an sfNtlkii^
All], which with its central fittntien*
batwcen the mmr and lower cowMriet,
will bring it laR into importance. M^
lat. 3}. 19. W. long. to. 46.
AvoviTiNia, 8t. a port aadriver
Ml the coall'of Labrador, lUfr theftrai^a
of BcUUlt and oppofite St. John's Bay;
Newfoundland. There are two finall
iflands in the harbour, and about a
niilet 8. W. runs a chain of little iflands,
called St. AugujiUk's Cluun \ the out-
crmoft of which is a remarkable finooth
rock. It is about 15 miles from Great
Mecatina I. N. ht. 5 1. 10. W. long.
38. so.
AvGVtTiNEsSqyAiti,ST. a num-
ber of fmall iflands on the coaft of
Labrador, in the gulf of St. Lawrence,
the largeft of which are from Shecatica
Bayon the N.E. to Outer I. 8. W.viz.
Large, Sandy, and Outer iflands. Thefe
are near the mouth of the St. Lawrence.
AvGVBTiNB St. the capital of E.
Florida, is fituated on the fea>coaft»
about to leagues from the mouth of
the gnlf of Frarida, 180 miles E. from
St. Mark's, and 3 1 6 8. W. from Charlef-
ton in S. Carolina. It is of an oblong
figure, and intericAed by 4 ftreets,
which cut each other at right angles.
The town is well fortified, has been
under different matters, and now^ be-
longs to the Spanifli king. It has a
church and monaftery of the order of
its name. The breakers at the entrance
of the harbour, have formed two chan-
nels, whofe bars have 8 fe^r of water
each. N. lat. 30. W. long. •»«. 30.
Aucvstine,Cape St. on thecoaft
of Brazil, on the Atlantic Ocean, 300
miles' N. E. from the bay of all SouU.
lat. 8, 30. S. long. 35. 40. W.
AuRBAN Academy, arefpeAable fe*
minary of learning in Amherft, New-
Hampfhire, which fee.
AvRELius, a military township in
New- York, in Onondago co. on Owafco
L. having the Cayuaga Refervation
Lands W. and Marceflus E. and 9
miles E. of the ferry on Cayuaga L.
By the ftate cenfus <» 1796, 113 of the
inhabitants are clcAors. See Mitittay
Townjhips.
Aurora, an ifland belonging to th^
Archipelago of the Great Cydades,
15. 8. S. lat. and 165. 58. £. long,
from Paris, difcovercd by Ibugainville,
May asd, 1 76|. |t4» about »o leagues
Tohf
#
kmc tuid two broMl. lt» tdbni fkm
U theft and covered with wood.
Atalon, a pcniiiAila M the 8. S.
«.orn«rof the UUnd of Ncwfbundland»
which U Joined to the ifland by a nar-
row nr'k of land, that ha* Placentia
Bay on the 8. and Trinity Ba^ on the
N. The £. pait of thii peninfula ia
tncompaAed by the Great Bank, and
hat, hefidet the two former bays, the
bay of Conception on the N. and the
bay of St. Mary and Trepafly bay on
the S. It contains ftveral excellent
harbours, bays and capes, among which
are St. Mary's, Pine, Race, Ballard, St.
Prancis, &c.
AvANCY, a jurifdiflion AibjcA to
thcbifliop of Cufco, and lies 4 leagues
N. E. of that city. It abounds in Au
gar canest fraits and com.
AvERiL, a townfltip in EflVx county,
Vermont, tbrmerly in that of Orange.
It joins Hamilton en the hi. W. Canaan
on the N. £. and its N. corner is the
Canada line.
AvEs, or Bird'/ IJUmdt in the Weft.
Indies, Htuated in N. lat. 15. 30. W.
lung. 63. 15. named fo from the great
number of birds that breed there, yet
is without a tree, which obliges them
to lay theii' eggs in tiie fand. A flioal
runs from hence to the ifland of Sabs,
St. Euftatius, and St. Chriftopher's ;
which is about % leagues broad, and
from tc to ao fathom ibundings.
There is another ifland of this name
among the Little Antilles, between the
coaft of St. Jago de Leon, in Terra
Fii ma, and the ifland of Bonaire.
AviNO La Panea, a town in the
weftem part of the kingdom of Leon,
in Noith- America, between two of the
head branches of Naflas river.
Avon, ariver ot Nova- Scotia, which
empties into the Atlantic Ocean a little
eaflwanl of Halifax. It if navigable as
far as fort Edward for vefTeis of 400
tons, and for veflcls of 60 tons a miles
higher. A river called St. Croix runs
into the Avon, whofe Iburce is in lakes
and fprings, about 7 miles from its en-
trance, where it is croifed by a bridge
on the road leading to Windfor. It i&
navigable for veflels of 60 tons 3 miles,
and Tor large boats 7 miles.
Axas, a town in the interior part of
^ew Albion, in N.lat. 39. s* W. long.
1 14. 30. See S^ui'vira,
AyENNis,anlg^itribe in Florida.
BAV %f
Aybritown, or ^jnptvm, in Bwp
lington CO. New* Jtrfly, lies on the mid*
dkl>ranchofAn€oaiBCiMk, 16 miles
from the mouth of the creek in iht
Debware, and 1 3 8. cafterly froi|i Bur-
lington.
AYMARAKi,aIttrifiliaion in the cm-
?ir«ofPeru| fubJeA to the bifliop of
^•lfco, 40 leagues S. W. of that city.
It abounds in fugnrs, cattle, com, noA
mines of gold and filrer { which lad are
for the mdl part neglcAed, as it is but
thinly inhabited.
AzvcA, or Jxuat a little town la
the ifland of St. Domingo, in the W«
Indies, on the fouthem fide, at tho
bot'om of a deep bay. Before the
French rei'olution it belonged to thft
Spaniaids.
B
BAAL*s River and Sajt* >nWcft
Greenland, lie between Bear Soond
on the S. E. and Delft's Point on :!«
N. W. and oppofite the mouth of Hud-
fon's Strait.
Babahoyo, a village and cufloia
houfe on Guayaquil River, in Peru, be-
ing the landing place from the city of
Guayaquil. Here the merchandize
from Peru and Terra Firma, and their
refpe£tive provinces, ai-e landed.
oABOPAS, a town in the interior
f>art, af New Albion, eaflward of tho
ong range of mountains which extend
northward fiom the head of the penin-
fula of California. N. lat. 37. 45. W,
long. 114. 15. See S^Mvira.
Back Rivtr. See Baltimore Couatr^
Beaza, the chief town of the diftaich
of Quixos, in the province of Quito, in
Peru, and the refidence of the governor.
It was built in 1559 by Don Rameiro
d'Avilos. The chief inanufaAure hera
is cotton cloth.
Baffin's Bay^ is the largeft and moft
northern gulf or bay, that has yet been
difcovered in N. America; and lies
between the 70th and 80th degrees of
N. lat. It opens into the Atlantic
ocean tlux>ugh fiafiin's and Davis**
ftraits, between Cape Chidley on the
Labrador coalt, and Cape Farewell or
thatcf Weft Greenland ; both of which
are in about the 6oth degree of N. lat.
It abounds with whales ; and (« the
S. W. fide of Davis's ftraits has a com-
municatioQ with Hudii)n's Bay, through
ft6
BAH
aclufferof iflands. It was difcovered
by the navigator whofe name it bears,
in the year i66a. Some maps (liew a
communication with Hudibirs Bay, in
the 70th degree o. N. lat. atid in the
70th of W. long.
. B/iGAD VCE PoMy a head land within
Penobfcot Bay, in the DiftriA of Maine.
Bahant A Channel. \ See Gulf of Flo-
rida and Bahama IJlamls,
Bahama IJhmdst in the W. Indies,
called by the Spaniards Lucayos, com-
prehend under this denomination all
the iflands, in geneial, which are to the
K. of Cuba and St. Domingo. The
/irft difcovery of the New World, by
Columbus, b«gan Oftober 11, 179%, at
Gaanahani, or Cats Ifland, one of the
Bahamas. Thty were theh fuH 6f
people} who wert; fimple* mild, and
Jived hnppy in the midll of plenty.
Theie untbrtunate people were tranf-
poited to the mines ot St. Domingo,
after the cruel Spaniards ha'^ extermm-
ated the numerous inhabitants cf that
large ifland j i4year»jifter the difcov-
eiy of thefe iflands, not one perfon re-
mained in any of the Baliamas, At this
time C!iailes II. g;ranted the Bahamas
to the piopiietors of Carolina. They
!rnt leveral governors, and built the
town of NaflUu, which is now the feat
of government in the I. of Providence.
The ifland of Providence aftcrwai'ds
became an harbour for pirates, who,
for a long time, infefled the American
navigation. In 1718, Capt. Woods
Rogers was fent out to diflodge the
pirates, and fonn a fettlement. This
the captain effected; and the iflands
have been improving fince by a flow
progrefs. In time of war the people
Sain confiderably by the prizes con-
emned there; and in the courfe of
the pr (cnt war between Great Britain
and France, numbers of American vel-
fels, carrying proviHons and ftores to
French ports, iiave been carried in and
condemned; and at all times they
piofit by the wrecks which are frequent
in this labyrinth of rocks at.d flioals.
The Spaniards and Americans captured
thefe iflands during the lad war ; but
they wtreretaktn April 7, 1783. The
Bahamas are faid to be 500 in number j
fomeof them only rocks, others very
low and narrow, or little fpots- of land
on a kvel with the water's e«lge ; but
aa of them are hr^e and fertUe, fomc |
BAH
indeed rocky and barren. Five of them
only are inhabited, viz. ProwJence,
Harbour, Eluthera, Cat, and Exuma }
Turk's ifland a have abobt 500 men in
the fait feafon, but at other timet half
of them return to Bermuda.
The princiual ifland whibli has givtti
its name to the whole clufier is Great
Bahanuit in the Northern Bani, called
the Little Bank oj Bahanutt wh fe fitua-
tion is £. and W. about ao leagues
from the coaft of Florida. At a (ittle
diflance to the E. is Lucayonequty oi
nearly the fame fize, whofe (ituation ia
N. and S. To the N. of both ia Lu.
cajo, which liea E . and W. A channel
ot 8 or 10 leagites feparates the .Little
Bank from the Great Bank, in which
is Providence I. with the great ifland of
Alabafler, which has Harbour I, on the
N. Cape. Androj iflands are on the
S. W. of Providence, which uke up a
fpace of 30 leagues long and 5 broad.
Towards the S. E. are Stockingy Exuma^
and Yuma, or Long Ifland . Guanahani, .
or Cats i. ihe firft difcovered in Ame-> •
rica, lies £. of the Great Bank, and is
feparated from it by Exnma Sound.
1 he climate of thefe iflands is tem-
perate and the air healthy. On th^
coaft is found ambergrile ; and the in-
habitants catch great quantities of green
turtle. The only- article cultivated for
exportation is cotton; of which the
medium export is 1,5^^0 bagsofscwt.
each. In 1787, there were 4,500 acret^
in cotton. |n 1785, 1786, and ijiJt"
which we(% favourable years, each acre
pi-oduced about i lalbs. It is very lia-
hit to be deftroyed by the worms ;
between Sept. and March, 1788, no
lefs than iSo tons were deftroyed. Thefe
iflands alfo produce a great quantity of
dying woods, and fome lignumvitae
and mahogany; and lie between as.
and a7. N. lat. and 73. and 81. W.
long. In 1773, there were »05a white,
and 1241 black, inhabitants; but of
late years there has been a confiderable
emigration iVom North America, fo tliat
the precife number cannot be given.
Bahama, the chief of the Bahama
iflamls, is about ao leagues from the
coaft of Florida, and about 10 W. from
the ifland of Lticayo. It is about a8
leagues long and 3 broad, is very fruit-
ful, has a ferene air, and it watered
with multitudes of fpringt and brooks.
It formerly produced great quantities
of
B A tJ
oC (afTafins, farfaparUla and redwood,
which were all deftroyed by the Span-
iards. Its chief produce, nqw, is cot-
ton, Indian wheat, fowls, and a particu-
lar kind of rabbits : they have fupplies
of other provifions from the continent.
Their chief commerce confifts in fur-
pilhine with provifions, fuch (hips as
are driven in here by bad weather. It
18 fifiuated on the fand bank, called
f^ittle Bahama Battk^ which extends
northward 60 miles. The Straits of
Bahama, or Gu(f of Florida, lies be-
tween the coaft of Florida and tins
ifiand. The Spanifh fliips from the
Jiavannah homeward, are obliged to
wait ail opportunity to pafs this ftrait ;
and the ftrait is 16 leagues broad, and
4-S long.
Bahia, or Bay, fometimes applied
to St. Salvadorc, the capital of Brazil,
and to the Bay of All-Saints, in which
captainftiip it is fituated.
Bahia de Chetumel, called by the
^ritifh Hanover Bay, lies on the £. fide
of the peniniula of Yucatan in the fea of
Honduras, and into which falls Honde
i^. It has the Logwood Country on
the S, At its mouth are two large
iflands and a number of iflots. The
largcft ifland is Ambergrife Key, which
fvns along the mouth of the bay, and is
70 miles long.
Bairdstown, or Beardfiown, in
Nelfon CO. Kentucky, is a flourishing
town, 0*'' a 16 inhabitants, fituated on
the head waters of Salt river, 50 miles
is. £. from Louifville, and nearly the
fame diftance S. W. from Danville.
Bakersfield, anewly fettled town-
(hip in Franklin co. Verniont, formerly
in Chittenden co. In 1790 it had only
93 inhabitants.
Bakerstown, in Cumberland co.
Difli-i6l of Maine, contains 1276 inhabi
tants ; 16s miles N. E. from Boftcn.
Balcdutha, a fettlement in the
eafternmoft part of Kentucky, on the
W. fide of Big Sandy R. Near this is
Clay Lick, and about a mile S. E. ftands
Vancciiver's Fort, on the point of land
foinied by the fork of the Big Sandy.
BALD£AGLB,or IVarrior Mountains ,
lie about zoo miles W. of Philadelphin,
in Bedford co. Pennfylvania, and forms
the wedem boundary of Bald Eagle
Valley.
Bald Eagle is likewife the name of a
fiver which runs a N . £ . courie 44 miles
B AL sr
and Bills Into the W. branch of Sufqve-
hanna R. The head water of Huron
R. which falls into Lake Ei'ie, is called
Bald Eagle Creek.
Bald Eagle Valley, or, at it ii
commonly called, Sinkif^ Spring yalU/,
lies upon the frontiers ot Bedford co.
in Pennfylvania, about aoo miles W.
from Philadelphia. |r has on the £. a
chain of high, rugged mountains, call-
ed the Cattoe Ridjf, and on the W. the
BaJd Eagk, or Warrior Mts. This it
a pleafant; vale of limeftone bottom, 5
miles in extent whertf wideft} and in
the vicinity are great quantities ot lead
ore. It contained, in 1779, about 60 or
70 families, living in log-houles, who
tbrrtied, in the fpace of 7 or 8 years,
feveral valuable plantations, fome of
which are remarkably agreeable on ac-
count of their (ituation.
During the late war with Great Bri-
tain, lead was much wanted, and very
difficult to be procured, which induced
a company, under the promiies of the
ftate, to fettle heq^" ^d eftabliih a re-
gular fet of works. A fort of logs was
ere£ted for the prote6lion of the miners j
und a coniideiable quantity of ore was
produced, from which lead enough was
made, to give a competent idea of the
real value of the mines in general. The
danger of the fltuation, however, while
an Indian war continued, occafioned
the failure of the undertaking.
The ..ad ore was of many kinds ;
fome in broad flakes, and others of the
fteely texture. Several regular (halts
were funk to a confiderable'depth ; one
of which was on the hill, upon which
the fort was ereaed, and from which
many largfi mafles of ore were procur-
ed ; but, nut forming a regular v<:in, it
Wa*- difcontinued, and another opened
about a mile from the fort, nearer to
Frank's Town. H 've the miners con-
tinued until they f.nally relinquifhed
the bufinefs. When they firlt opgan,
they found in the upper luiface or ve-
getable earth, fevernl Vundrcd weigltt of
cubic lead ore, clean and lui mixed with
any fubftance whatever, which continu-
ed as a clue, leading them down thio'
the different ilrata of caith, mail, &c.
until they came to the rock, wliich is
here in general of the liineltone kind.
Among other curiofities of tliij placd,
is that call d the S'-.x'ulloivs, which ab-
forb feveral of thj large It il teams of the
valley
2t
B A L
m
ralkyt and after conveying them feveral
nailet under ground^ in a fabteiraneous
courict return them again upon the fur
face. Thefe fubterraneous paflk^es
have giren rife to the name^ Sinkng
Spiring Valkjf. Of thefe the moft re-
markable is called the Arch Springs,
and run clofe upon the road from the
town to the fort. It m a deep hollow,
liarroed in the limeftone-rock» about 30
lect wide> with a rude natural ftone
arch hanging over it, forming a pafTtge
for the water, which it throws out with
iitme degree of violence, and in fuch
■JeiitY as ro form a fine ftream, which at
length buries itfelf again in the bowels
of the earth. Some of thefe pits are
near 300 feet deep ; the water at the
bottom feenis in rapid motion ; and is
*(^>arentJy as black as ink ; though it
is. as pure as the fineft fprings can pro-
duce. Many of thefe pits aie placed
along the courfe of this fqbteraneous
river, which foon after takes an oppor-
tnaity of an opening at a declivity of
the ground, and keemjiilong the furface
among the rocky nillil for a few rods,
then enters the mouth of a large cave,
wbole exterior aperture would be fuf-
Hcient to admit a (haliop with her fails
full (p. ; ad. In the infiile it keeps from
iS to 20 feet wide. The roof declines
as yon adyancs, and a ledge ot looie,
nigged rocks, keeps in tolerable order,
on one (kle, affording means to fcram-
biealoi^. In the midft of this cave is
much timber, bodies of trees, branches,
&c. which being lodged up to the roof
of this paflfage, (liews that the water is
fwelled up to the very top during freili-
cts. This opening in the hill continues
about 400 yards, when the cave wid-
«ns, after you have got round a fudden
turning (which prevents its being dif-
coveivd till you are within it) into a
fpacious room, at the bottom of which
is a vortex, the water that falls into it
whirling round with amazing force ;
fticks, or even pieces of timber, are
immediately abforbed, and carried out
of fight, the water boiling up with ex-
cefTive violence, which fubfides by de-
grees, until the experiment is renewed.
From the top of the Bald Eagle
Mountains is a fine prolpe£l of thole of
theAlieghany, ftretching along until they
feem to meet the clouds. Much flate
is found here, with ftrone figns of pit
coal. Such as viTit tbcw parts muft
B A L
crofs the Juniata river 3 or 4 times,
from Standing Stone or Huntingdon, to
the fort i from which it is computed to
be about *t miles diftance.
Bald Mountains. See Teneget.
Bald Head, at the mouth of Cape
Fear River, N. Carolina, is at the S. W.
end of Smith's I. and with Oak I. forms
the main entrance into the river. The
light-houCe, which was ereAed here in
Dec. :794, bears miles N. N. W.
from the point of Cape Fear, and 14
miles N. W. by N. Irom the extremity
of the Flying Pan ihoal.
Bald Head, makes the S. W. mrt
of what is calletl Wells Bay, in the Dif-
tri£l of Maine. Between Cape Ntdd ick
harbour on the S. S. W, and WelU
Bay are ftveral coves, where Imall vcf-
fels in a imooth time, and with a weft-
ierly wind, haul afhore, and a» loaded
with wood in the courfe of a tide, with
eafe and lafety.
Baldivia, or Faldivioi, a feaport
town in the" province of Chili Proper,:
in the kingdom of Chili, S'. America. It 1
was built by the Spanifli general Baklivia
about the year 1551, and ilands between
the rivers Callacalles and Poitero, where
they fall into the S. Sea. In the year
i559> the Chilefe chafed the Spaniards
frum this fettlement,bumed thetown,and
put the inhabitants to the fwoid } pour-
ing melted gold down the governor's
throat when alive, and afterwards ufed
his (kull for a cup to drink in. There
are many gold mints here, and the
Spaniards have fortified the place
iirongiy, as it is fiippofed to be the key
of the S. Seas. The whites of Peru
and Chili, banifhed for their crimes, are
fent hither to fupport the fortifications.
The Dutch made themfelves matters of
it in 1643 } but were forced to abandon
it, leaving all their cannon, 30 or 40
pieces, baggage and f^ores } on advice
that fuccours were arriving to oppole
them from Peru. The viceroy iimdt
30,000 aowns a year to fupport the
garrilbn. There are great rains here
during 3 months of the year. S. lat,
31. 38. VV. long. 73. 20.
Baldivia is alio the name of a river in
Chili.
Balize, a fort at the mouth of Mif-
fifippi River.
Balleze, Ballizef or H^alliSf a ri-
ver in the peuinfula of Yucatan, New.
Spain, which runs N. eafttrly abova
•00 mllci) and empties into'the bay of
iionduras, oppofitethe N. end of Tur-
neff Ifland. By the treat jr of peace in
X7S], it is agreed that Britifh fubjefls
fhall have the right of cutting and car-
rying away logvi^ood in the diftri£l ly-
ing between this river and that of Rio
Honde, on the N. which falls into Han-
over Bay. The courfe of the rivers are
to be the unalterable boundaries.
Balltown, a townfhip in Saratoga
CO. New- York, formerly in Albany co.
and contained in 1790, 733) inhabi-
tants, including 69 flaves. By the ftate
ccnl'us in 1796, there appears to be
s66 eleiSlors in this townmip. It lies
%6 miles N. of Albany, has a Prefljy-
teri^n meeting- houfe, and is in a thriv-
ing ftate.
The medicinal waters called Balltown
SprittgSy from their being fouiid within
the limits of this town, are of great ce-
lebrity, both on account of their heal-
ing virtue, and the fuperior accommo-
dation found near them for valetudina-
rians. They are fituated about iz
miles W. of Still Water; i^ from that
part of the banks of the Hudibn famous
for the vi£lory of Gen. Gates oyer Gen.
Burgoyue; 36 N. of Albany ; 30 S. of
Lake George, and 196 above the city of
New- York. The fprings are found in
the bottom of a valley, or excavation,
tunning a kind of bafon, of about fifty
acres in extent. In this hollow grow
lofty pines, which are overtopped by
others, and rife at a greater or lels dif-
t'lnce above the brim of this bafbn.
The woods are pretty well cleared near
the fprings. There is a large houfe for
entertainment, with neat bathing houfes,
and (hower baths for the convenience of
invalids. Thefe, as alfo the greateft
part of the valley, belong to an emi-
nent merchant of New- York j the
largeft i'pi ing, however, belongs to the
public. Sir William Johnion made this
obfervation. when he fold this tra6l of
Ifind to private individuals : << In tracing
the hillory of thefe medicinal fprings,
1 could only leaia that an Indian chief
dilcovered them to a fick French officer
in the early part of their wars with
the £nglifl\. But whether they were
thefe very fprings in this bafon, or thofe
at 10 miles diftance, properly called the
Saratoga Surings, I know not." The
toil tor half a dozen m<les round this
f\Ktp is poor and faody, produciog
B A L t9
little Ak than pine treet, flmib-oaki*
fern, and muUen. In the hills in the
vicinity, ores have been accidcntaiiy
found, efpecially iron and copper, or
rather what the mineralogies call yir-
ruginous and caprtoiu fyirites. The val-
ley of Balltown and its enviixmi may b«
made an enchanting fpot, equal, nay,
fuperior in fome refpefts, to any of the
watering places in Europe. The ICaya«
deraflbras river, which is about 10 yard*
wide, gives leveral hints to the man <^
tafte, to turn its waters to the ufe and
beauty of the future town, which theft
medicbial fprings will one day laifc 'm
this place.
Tne medicinal waters which liavt
made this fpot fo famous of late> are
remarkably limpid, confidering they
contain iront a mineral alkaiif nmmcm
/alt, and linu. They are briflc and
fparkling like champaigne. In drink«
ing they aiFe£l the nofe and palate like
bottled beer, and (liehtly affieft tiic
head of fome people, oy their inebri.
ating quality. They derive this exht-
leratine quality irom what Dr. Prieft^
calls Jhctd air, and is that animating
fometbsMg which gives adivity to yeaft,
and life to malt liquors. It is uied ia
the neighbourhood of the fpringa in-
ftcad <» yeaft in making bread; and
makes it rife more fpeedily and efivco
tually than any other ferment in 0fdi«
nary ufe. Horfes drink thefe waters
with aviJIity. The ignorant country
people fee, with aftonifliment, that a
candle will not bum near the furface
of thefe waters. Fifli and froes are
killed in a few minutes, and geefe and
ducks can only fwim in there a few
minutes, before they expire. Theft
waters are apt to burft bottles, when
corked in very warm weather, efpecially
during a thunder ftorm; but with
care may be tranfported in bottles to
any' dillance. They boil with a very
mo<lerate degree of heatj they are
neverthelefs, remarkably coklj for
when the mercury in Fahrenheit's
thermometer ftood at 86. in the Open
air, aiKl 79. in tlie brook running near
the fpi ing, it ftood in one of thefe mine-
ral fprings at 49. and in the other at 51.
The firit was cunllantly excludal from
the rays of the fun ; the iaft always ex-
pofed without a covering.
Phyficians feldom dirc£l their pa>
tients to diink more than three quaits
36 B A L B A L
•f thcfe vratera in twelve hours i but [ above county, is the largeft in the (late
30
Ibme drink the enormous quantity of
three gallons, and even more, in a day.
Cold as they are, they may be dnmken
with fafety in the hotteft weather.
They increafe eveiy natural evacuation {
nay, they are cathartic, diuretic, and
Aidorific, at the fame time. On the
firft trial they are apt to difagree with
many people, they create uneafinefs in
the ftomach and bowels, and caufe a
heat in the glands of the throat, until
they begin to pafs oiF freely by the kid-
neyi. They then become pleafant and
operate agreeably. They blacken the
teeth and alfo the alvine fxces. They
•re deemed a fpeciHc in lofs of appetite
ami indigeftion. They are highly fer-
viceablc in hypochondriac cafes, in ob-
firuAions, and in the ftone and gravel,
and cutaneous diforders. Their credit
is not fo well eftabliOied in the gout or
rheumatifm. They are hurtful in in* |
flammatory diforders and confumptions.
Their \tfe occaiions heat in the glands
of the throat, and ftiffnefs of the neck,
and in fuch as are fubjeA to the tooth-
ache, an aggravation of the pain. They
are a powerful and precious remedy in
the hands of the judicious, but ought
never to be uftd without the advice of a
Ikilfal phyHcian.
fiALLSTOWN, or fia///0-Tv«, a town-
fhip in Lincoln co. Diilrifl of Maine,
containing 1072 inhabitants} 195 rnile^
N. £. from Bodon.
Baltimore C9, in Maryland, lies
between Patapfco and Gunpowder ri-
vers, the former dividing it from Ann
Arundel co. on the S. and S. W. Gun-
powder and Little Gunpowder fepa-
rating it from Harford co. on the £.
and N. E. It has Frederick co. on the
W. and N. W. Pennfylvania on the N.
and Chelapeak Bay on the S. E. Be-
tides the rivers which bound it, and
their branches, this county has Back
and Mid'j'e rivers, between tlie two
former, but they are rather arms of
Chelapeak bey, than rivers. Back R.
4 or s miles E. of Patapfco, receives
two fmall dreams ; the N. wefternmoll
is called Herring Run. Middle R. has
little or no fupply of frefli water. There
are numerous iron works in this coun-
ty; and it contains 25,434. inhabitants,
including 5,877 flaves. Its chief town
is Baltimore.
BALTiMORB, the chief town in the i
of Maryland. In fize it is the fourths
aind in commerce the fifih in rank in the
United States. It is fituated on the
N. fide of Patapfco R . at a fmall diftance
fr'om its junflion with the Chefapeak.
The entrance of the harbour' is defended
by Whetftone Fort; hardly a piftol
fhot acrofs, and of courfe may eafily be
defended againft naval force. From the
head of Elk R. at the head of the bay
to Baltimore, is about 60 miles. The
town is built around what is called the
bafon, reckoned one of the fineft har>
hours in America. The water rifts 5 or
6 feet at common tides. It is divided
into what is called the town and Fell's
Point, by a creek ; over which are twd
bridges: but the houfes extend in an
irregular manner, from the one to the
other. At Fell's Point the water is
deep enough for fhips of burden, but
fmall velfels only -^ up to the town.
The (ituation is low, and was for-
merly thought unhealthy, but, by ita
rapid increafe, improvements hav6'
taken place, which have corre£led the
dampnefs of the air, and it is now judg-
ed to be tolerably healthy. In ijS/*
it contained 1955 dwelling houfes; of
which I zoo were in the town, and the
reft at Fell's Pomt. It then contained
1 5z ftores. The number of the inha-
bitants of the town and precin£ls, in
1791, were 13,503, including i,s5j
flaves. The number of houfes and in-
habitants have been greatly increafeit
fince.
Before the emigration of the French
people from Cape Fran9ois, and othef
iflands, the houfes had increafed X.9
a, 300. Thofe unfortunate people, fly-
ing from their mercilefs countrymen,
who had burned and pillaged their
cities and towns, and murdered their
relations and friends, found here an
hofpitable afylum, after fufFerings hard-
ly paralleled in the annals of hiftory.
Here are 9 places of public worfhip«
which belong to Roman Catholics, Ger-
man Calvinifts and Lutherans, Fpifco-
palians, Prefbyterians, Baptifts, Meth->
odifts, Quakers, and Nic<;iites, or New
Quakers, who all live together in peace*
It is inhabited by people from mod
parts of Europe. The principal ftreet
is Market Street, which runs nearly E«
and W. a mile in length, parallel with
the water. This is crofTed l^y a nunt-;
bcr
bcr of other ftreets, \vhlch run from
the water ; a number of which, particu-
itrly Calvert and Gay ftreeta, are well
built. N. and E. of the town the land
rifes, and prefen^ a ncjble view of
the town and bay. In 1790, this city
owned i7fliips, i fnow, 31 hrigantines,
34 fchooners, and 9 (loops— Total 102 ^
tonnage i3>s64.. The exports in the
fame year amounted to 1,017,770, and
the imports to 1,949,899 dollars. The
exports in July, Auguft, and Sept. in
1790, amounted only to 343,5X4 dol-
lars { but in thefe months in i79S> they
amounted to 1,675,748 dollars. The
affairs of the town are managed by a
board of town commifHoners, a board
of fpecial commiinoners,.and a board
of wardens } the firft boaid fills its own
vacancies, and is perpetual; the two
laft are appointed t>y eleflors, chofen
every 5th lear by the citizens. It is
53 miles S. W. from Elktown, 176 N.
E. from Richmond in Virginia ; 50 N.
E. from the city of Waftiington, and
103 S. W. from Philadelphia. N. lat.
39. aj. W. long. 77. 48.
Bangor, a townfliip in Hancock co.
Diftrif^ of Maine, on the wtftcm fide
of Penohfcot R. 15 miles from its
mouth at Bclfaft Bayj 65 N. W. by
W. from Machias ; 63 N. £. from Hal-
lowell, and i8o N. E. from Bofton.
Banks, Forty a harbour on the N.
W." coaft of America, S. eafterly froni
Cape Edgecombe, and N. weflerly from
Sea Otter Sound.
Bann, a townfhip in York co. Penn-
fylvania.
Baracoa, a feaport town in the N.
£. part of the ifland of Cuba, in the
W. Indies ; 50 miles N. E. of St. Jago
de Cuba. N. lat. 21. W. long. 76. 10.
Branco de Malambo, a town in
the province of St. Martha, in Terra
Firma, &. America. It is a place of
great trade, and feated on the river
Magdalen, 75 miles N. of Carthagena,
and is a bi(hop''s fee. It has a good
harbour. N. lat. 1 1. 40. W. long. 75. 30.
BaRaquicimito, a town in Terra
FIrma, S. America* in the province of
Caracas, and in tiie head waters of
Oroonoco R. about 80 miles S. from
Valencia, and 175 N. W. from Calabe-
ta. N. lat. 8. 55. W. long. 66. 55.
BarbaOOES, one of the Caribbee
illands, Ivlonging to Britain, and next
to Jamaica fu- importance in the W.
BAR 3t
Indies. It is about ai miles in length
from High Point, its northern extremi-
ty, to South Point) and 14 in breadth*
from the Chair near Kitridge Bay £•
to Valiant Royalift Fort, W. and con-
tains 106,470 acres if lani.1, mofl of
which is under cultivation. It lies 10
leagues E. from St. Vincent, v/hich may
be feen in a clear day; i5 from St.
Lucia; 28 S. E. fi'oni Martinico; 6a
N. E.. from Trinidad, and 100 S. £.
from St. Chriftoplier''s. It is divided
into 5 diftriAs, and 11 parifhes; and
contains 4 towns, viz. Bridgetown, the
capital ; Oftins, or Charleftown ; St.
James, formerly called the Hole ; and
Speight's Town. The names of the
Sariflies are St. Lucy's, St. Peter's, St.
ames's, St. Andrew's, St.. Thomas's*
St. Jofeph's, St. John's, St. George's,
St. Michael's, St. Philip's, and Chrift
Church.
Its libil muft be allowed to be highly
fertile, if it be true, that it contamed
in 1670, 50,000 whites, and 100,000
blacks ; whofe labours employed 6o,oo«
tons of fhipping. This is thought to
be exaggerated; but it is certain that
its population has decreafcd rapidly.
In 1786 the numbers were i6,i6f
whites; 838 free people of colour, and
61,115 "cgroes. The exports, on as
average, of 1784, 17*5> and 1786, had
fallen to 9,554 hhds. of fugar; 544S
puncheons of rum ; 6310 bags of gin-
ger; 8331 bags of cotton^ exclufive of
fraall articles, as aioes, Iweet meats, &c.
In the year ending the 5th of January,
1788, 143 vefl'els cleared outwards;
and tlie London market price of tlieir
cargoes in fter. money, amounted to
^.539,605 14 10; of which the vaKie
exported to the United States, was
j^.13,117 13 4. That tiie dreadful fuc-
ceflion of hun-icanes, with which this,
and the other W. India iflands have
been viHtcd, for many yeai's pall, has
contributed to this great defalcation,
caimot be doubted. Bridgetown s u.
fcarcely rifen from t.lie aflies to which
two dreadful fires had reduced it, when
it was torn from its foundations, and
the whole countiy made a I'cene of dcib-
lation, by the Aorni of the 10th of
0£t. 1780, in which \w lefs than 4316
of the inhabitants, blacks and whites,
miferabiy pcrifhed ; and the damage
done to the 'property was computed at
^.1,320,564 15. fl«.r. Tiic/oio: of the
wind
s%
BAR
wind w»i tt one phuw lb great as to
Itft fomt pieces or cannon, with their
carriages, feveral paces ftom the ram-
parts. The trade of this and feme
others of the iAands* fuifers confulerably
by a duly of 4| per cent, on expoited
produce { out of which» however, the
governor's ralary,^.toeea-year, is paid.
The crown acquired this revenue in the
reign of Charles II. which the planters
agreed to, in order to fecnre poiT-ilions
to which they had uncertain titles.
- Barba(h>es was probably difcovered
firft bv the Portuguefe. It is ufually
ranked among the Windward divifion
of the Caribbees, being a day or two's
ihil from Surinam. From its being the
Arft difcovered of any of thefe iilands,
it is called Mother of the Sugar Cohmes. \
The firft of the Engliih wlio are known
to have landed here, were the crew of
the Olive Bbjom, fitted out by Sir
Olive Leigh, in 1605. It was found
abfolutely defolatei nor had it the ap-
pearance of having been peopled even
Ity the moft barbarous Indians. The
ifland is fortified by nature, all along
the windward fhore, by rocks and fhoals,
ib as to be almoft inaccdiible } on the
leeward fide it has good harbours ; but
the whole coaft is proteAed by a good
Kne, of feveral mdcs in length, and
&veral forts to defiend it^ at the moft
Material places. .The military, civil,
and religious effablifhments are well
provided for. Here is a college found.
«d by Col. Codrington } the only infti.
tution of the kfa)d in the W. Indies ;
but it has not anfwered the intention of
the founder. The houfes of the plan-
ters are very thickly Ibwn all along
the country, which, with the luxu-
riant prodo^ions of the foil, and the
gently fwelling hills, form a delightful
K^ne.
The eariiefl planters of Barbridoes
ssere fometiroes reproached with the
guilt of forcing or decoying into flave-
ry, the Indians of the neighbouring con-
tinent. The hiftory oilftkk and Tart-
rv, which the Speaator has recorded
for the deteftation A mankind, took
its rife in this ifland ; but happily this
fpecies of Qavery w:is foon abolifhed.
The Barbadoes tar is a partiailar pro-
duAion ot this ifland. It rifes out of
the earth, and fwims on the furface of
the water. |t is of great ufe in the dry
Mly-acbe, ^ in diieafo of the breiti.
BAR
The capital, Bridgetown* Kea In K»
lat. 13. 10. W. long. 59.
Barbara, St. an ifland on the coafl
of Brasil. Alio the chief town of New.
Bifcay, audience of Galicia, Mew Spain,
N. America.
Barbe, St. a town 0^ iMexico, in
NewBifcay, in the vicinltyof which ar^
very rich filver mines. It lies 500 miles
N. W. of the city of Mexico. N. lat«
x6. 10. W. long. 1 10. 5.
Barbuda, or Barboutbeit one of th»
Caribbee iflands, 35 miles N. of An-^
tigua, and 5} N. E. of St. Chriftopher's,
and is so miles long and i« oroad.
The nativeii apply therolelves chiefly
to thfc bleeding of cattle, and' furniflw
in^ the neighbouring ifkuuls with pro*
vilions. It is fertile, abounding in the
natural produAions of the otlier W.
India iflands } and has a eood road for
(hipping, but no direft trade to Britain.
It belongs to the Codrington fiimily,
to whom it produces above /.5000 a*
year. The inhabitants amount to
about 1500. N. lat. 18. 30. W. long.
61. 50.
Barbve, Riviere a la, empties int*
Lake Machigan, from E..S. E. between
Raifin and Marame rivers. Its nu^th,
60 yards wide, lies 7s miles N. by W*
from Fort St. Jofeph.
Alfo, the name of a river which emp>
ties into Lake Erie, from the N. by E.
40 miles W. N. W. from the extremity
of Long Point in that lake, and aa £«
by S. from Tonty R.
Barkadares, the name of a part
of the Logwood Couniiy, on the E.
fide of the peninfula of Yucaien, thro*
which the river Balize runs into tlie
Sea of Honduras. It has Hicks Keys
on the S. and South Lagoon on the Nt
Lat. 17. 45. N. long. S9. W.
BarkhamsteaD, a townfhip in the
northern part of Conne£licut, in Litch'
field CO. having Harthnd on the N. and
Granby E. About 15 miles W. of
Hartford .
Barnard, a townfliip in Windfor
CO. Veunont, containing 673 inhabi>
tttnts. It has Stockbridge weftcrly, and
gives rife to the nortneni branch of
Waterqucche R. and is 65 mileit M< £.
of Bennington.
Barm A VELDT, an ifland of S. Ame-
rica, to the S. of Terra del Fuego, dif-
covered in t6i6. 8. lat. 55. 49. W.
l«ng. 66. 58.
Barnboat
UHNBOAT
VAR
.'BARNBiiAT liUd, called . in- fbme
maps, Niw-Inhtt is the pailage from
the Sea into Fht.Bay-Sound, on the S.
eaftem coaft of .New-Jerfey» 68 miles
N. E. from Cape May. N. lat. 39.
47| W. long. 74. 13. Bamegat Beach
lies helow this Inlet, between it and Lit-
tle Egg Harbour, i6milesdiflant, S.W.
Barnegat, the nameof a fmall vil.
lage of 8 or 10 houfes, en the eaft bank
oi Hiidfon river, 5 miles S. of Poiigh-
Jceepfie, and 75 N. of N. York. The
fole bufmefs of the few inhabitants of
this place, is burning lime, from the
vaft quantities of lime ftone which are
found here. Their lime is marketed in
N. York* whither they carry it in great
quantities annually.
Barnet, a townfliip in Caledonia
CO. Vermont, formerly in .Oranse co.
containing 477 inhabitants, and lit
miles N. E. from Bennington. The
lower bar of the 1 j mile falls in Con-
neAicut R. is fituated at the N. E. cor-
ner of this townfliip. Into that river
it fends Stephens R. which fifes in
Peachu^m, the adjoming town on the W.
Barnstable Co, lies upon the pe-
ninfula, the point of which is Cape
Cod, the S. eaftward point of Maflfa-
chufetts Bay, oppofite Caoe Ann. Cape
Cod lies in N. lat. 4s. >. W. long, from
Greenwich 70. 14. and gives nam* to
the whole peninfula, which is fun-ound-
ed by water on all fides, except the W.
where it is bounded by Plymouth co.
It is 65 miles long, as the road runs,
from the ifthmus between Barnftable
and Buzzard's Bays to Race Point;
and its breadth for 30 miles not more
than 3, and above half the remainder
from 6 to 9 miles. It contains 1 1 town-
fttips and the plantation of Marflipee;
having 2343 houfes, and 17.354 inhab-
itants. Barnftable was made a (hire in
1685. ^ci Cape Cod.
Barnstable, the Mtutachtefe^ or
Mattacbeefet of the ancient Indians, is
a port of entry and poft town, and is
the ftiire town of Barnftable CO. It ex-
tends acrofs the peninfula, and is wafli-
ed bv the feaon the N. and S. having
Sandwich, and the diftrift called Marfli-
pee or Maflipee on the W. is about 5
miles broad, and 9 longj 67 miles S.
eatterly from Bofton. Sandy Neck, on
the N. fhore, runs E. almoft the length
<ii the town, and forms the harbour, em-
bofoming a large body of fait niarfli.
BAR ^5
The harbofiir is about a mile wide, aad
4 long; in which the tide rifes from t
to 14 teet. It hat a bar nmning off
N. E. from the Neck fevcral milet«
which prevents the entrance of largt
fliips; but finall vefleU may pafs anv
part of it at'high water; and whereat
IS commonly eroded, it feldom has left
than 6 or 7 feet at low water.
There is another harbour on the S.
called Ijttuis's Bay. Its entrance is
within Barnllable, and- it extendi almoft
a miles into Yarmouth. It is commo-
dious and fafe, and is completely laifd
locked ; and has 5 teet water at a mid-
dling tide.
A mile or two to the weftward, and
near the entrance of Lewis's Bay, lies
Hyams Road. It is formed principally
by an iiland, joined by a beach to Var-
moui-li, which together, make the out-
fide of the bay bnore mentioned. The
S. head of this iftand is called Point
Gammon. Oyfter Bay, near the S. W.
limit of the town, admits fmall veifels }
and which, with Lewis's Bay, has in
years paft produced excellent oyfters, in
great quantities ; though they are now
much reduced.
There are about ao or 30 ponas in
Barnftable. The land here produce*
about 15 hufhels of Indian com to an
acre, and rye and other grain in pro-
portion. Wheat and ftax are cultivat-
ed ; the latter with fuccefs. From ix
to 1 8,000 buftiels of dnions are raifcd
for the fupply of the neighbouring towns .
Upwards of 100 men are employed in
the fifhery, which is yearly increafing.
Whales feldom come into MalTachu-
fctts Bay now, and that fifltery is dif--
continued. No quarrels with the an-
cient natives of the country are record-
ed in the accounts of thi^ town, where
the Englifh fettlers of New-England
firft landed, Nov. 11, i6zo. The peo-
ple, 2610 in number, are generally
healthy ; and many inftances of longe-
vity are to be met with. Numbers of
the farmers are occafionally fttamen;
and this town has afforded, and conti-
nues to funiifh many mafters of vefi'els
and mariners who fail from other ports.
N. lat. 41. 43.
Barnstead-, atownihipin Strafford
CO. New-Hampfhire, oontaiuhig i,Q','
inhabitants ; 31 miles N. W. ol Porti-
mouth, and 16 E. by S. from Canter-
bury, on Conne^icut R.
C Barr&'»
Barre', a townfhtp in Worcefteir co.
MaflTachufetts, containing i6i) inhabit-
ant* J a4 mile* N. W. of Worcelter,-
and 66 W. of Bofton, deriving its name
from Col. Barr^, a Briti(hrenator,wtio,
on the eve of the late war, plead the
caufe of America, in the Britifli houfe
of Commons, with great, bntunfuccefs-
fiil energy. • This town has good paf-
tures, and here are fatted multitudes of
cattle ; and it is fuppofed, more butter
and cheefe is carried from hence to the
market, annually, than any other tovm
of the fame fize in the flate.
Barke', a townfliip in Huntingdon
CO. Pennfylvania.
Barrell's Soundy on the N. W.
Coaft of America, called by the natives
Conget-bof-ioi, is fituated about 6 leagues
from the fouthem extremity of Wafh-
ington, or Charlotte Iflands, in aN. W.
dire^lion, about N. lat. 5a. W. long.
131. from Greenwich. It has two in-
lets J t ne on the E. the other on the W.
fide of the iHand j the latter is the beft,
the other is dangerous. The fliores are
tf a craggy black rock ; the banks lined
with trees of various kinds, as pines,
fpruce, hemlock, alder, &c. Mr. Hof-
kins, in the fummer of i7(;i, mealiired
one of thefe trees, which was ten fath-
oms in circumference. On one lide of it
a hole had been cut, Inrge enough to ad-
roit a man ; within was a fnacious and
convenient room, which .had apparent-
ly been dug and burnt out with much
labour. Mr Hoflcins concluded that it
roiift have been occr^lttnally inhabited by
the natives j as he found in it a box,
fireworks, dried wood, and feveral do-
roeftic uteniils. Thiit found was named
after Jofeiili Barrel], Klq. of Char-
leftown. (Majf.) and was firft vifited
by Capt. Gray, in the Waftiington, in
3789.
Barren Creek, rifes in the N. W.
corner of Dela-.vare (tate, runs about 9
hiiles S. wtftcily. . nJ empties into
Nanticoke R. At lanirnlar traft ot
land iji the N. part of Sonicifer co, Ma-
ryland, is cnclo.td hctwten this citek
on thf S. Deawiue (tate E and Nanii-
Cukc R. on thcW. unil N. W.
BARRtN R. Both Big and Little
Barren rivers, are >. i-^. branches of
G ecnR. in K<.ntucky. Blue Sj^rhtg
lit iS between tiicfr 1 ivtrs, which iee.
Barren /. a imall ifle in Chtfapcak
Bay, N, E. from the mouth of Patux-
B All
tnt K. which U feparited from Hoqtet*^
I. by a narrow channel on the E.
Barretstowm* a plantation in Han-
cock CO. Diftrift of Mainci having 173
inhabitants.
BARRiN0T0M*at9wn<hipiinQu|nn*«
CO. Nora-Scotia, on the 8. fide of the
bay of Fundv) fettled by Quakcra from
Nantucket ifland.
Barrinoton, atownfliiptn Straf.
ford CO. N. Hampfliire, about aa mile|
N. W. from Portfmouth, incorporated
in i7aa, containing a470 inhabitant!.
AUum is found here ; and the firft ridgf
of the Frcji HiVst one of the three itm-
rior fummits of Agamenticus, is conti-
nued through this town. Its fituation
is very healthy j e.g. 14 of the firft fet-
tiers in i73a> were alive in 17X5, who
were between 80 and 90 years okJ.
Barrington, a townihip in Briftol
CO. Rhode- Ifland, on the 8. weftem fide
of the N. W. branch of Warren R.
little more than ai miles N. W. of War.
ren, and about 7 S. E. from Fox Pointy
in the town of Providence. It contain!'
6S3 inhabitants, including i» flaves.
BARRiNQTOt)» Great, is the fe-
cond townfhip in rank in Berkfliire co.
MafTachufetts. It contains 1^7^ inha-
bitants, and lies 140 miles W. fron^
Bofton, and fouth of Stockbridge, ad-
joining.
Barrow Harbour, is an extenfive
bay in that of Bonavifta, Newfound-
land ifland, divided by Keel's Head on'
the £. from the port of Bonavifta, and
from Bloody Bay on the W. by a large
peninl'ula, joined to the ifland by a nar-
row ifthmus, which forms Newman's
Sound ; which, as well as Clode Sound)
ure within Barrow Harbour.
Bart, a port on the fouthem coaft
of Nova-Seotia.
Bart, a townfliip in Lancafter co.
Pennfylvania.
Bartholomew, St. a parifli in
Charlefion diftri61, S. Carolina, con-
taining 2,138 white pcifons. By the
ccniiisof i7';o, it contained iz,6o6 in-
'lahitants, of whom 10,338 were flaves.
It lends 3 reprel'entaiives and i lenator
to the ftate legiflature. Amount of
taxes >f 1.566 ics. 4d. fterling.
B/xRTHf^LOMEW, CaPE, bT. is the
li.uthernmott po\nt of Staten Land, in
Le Maire iiraits, at the S. end of S.
America; and far fui-pafles Terra del
Fuego in its horrible apj>earance.
BaRTH0LOMEW|
ancaftei* co.
B A r
BartkoLOmiw, St. mk of the
duller of IHamls, called New Hthridts,
which fiee.
Bartholomew, St. one of the
Caribbee ifliwidk, in the W. Indies, 15
milet N. at St. Chriftopher's, and 30 N.
;E . of Saba. It is reckoned 5 leagttes in
circumference, but has little grovnd fit
for manuring. It produces tobacco,
calTava, and abounds with woods. The
trees moft in cfteem are, i. The foap
tree, or aloes tree. «. The caleback.
3. The canapia, whoft gum is an ex-
cellent cathartic. 4. The parotane,
whofe boughs grow downw^, take
root again, and form a kind ot bulwark
and ftrong defence in time of attack.
All along the fliore are thole trees called
Sea Trees, whofe boughs are curioufly
plaited together, and look as if they
were glazed. Here is an inAnite variety
of biras,. and a peculiar kind of lime
ftone, which the inhabitants export to
the adjacent iflands. They have like-
wife plenty of lignum vitse and iron
wood. Its fliores are dangerous, and
the apprcxhing them requires a good
pilot ; but it has an excellent harbour,
in which fliips of any fize ai'e (heltered
from all winds. Half its inhabitants
are Irilh Roman Catholics, who'e pre-
deccflbrs fettled here in 1666 ; the others
are Freiich, to whom the idand lately
belonged. It was ceded by France to
the crown of Sweden in 1785. They
depend on the fkies for water, which
they keep in cifteras. It was a neft for
privateers when in the hands of the
French ; and at one time had 50 Britilh
prizes in its harbour, ^.lat. 17. 56. W.
iong. 63. 10.
BAKThtTf a plantation in Hillflx)-
rough CO. New-Hamplhire, having 448
inhabitants.
Barton, a townlhip in Orleans co.
Vermont, formerly in that of Orange,
lies S. W. of Brownington } 6 miles S.
W. by W. from Willoughby Lake, i
and 140 N. eafterly from Bennington^
Basin of Minas, is a body of water
of confiderable extent, and irregular
form, fituated in Nova-Scotia, at the E.
end of the Bay of Fundy ; and conneit-
cd with its N. E. branch by a iliort and
narrow ftrait . The country on its bank s .
is generally a rich fc;l, and is watered '
by nany fmall rivers. The fpring tides
rile here 40 feet.
BaskiniudoE} inSonvrfetcot New-
B A T fit
Jerf«y, liea on the W. fide Af a N, W.
branch ufPaflaic R. nearly 6 mile* N.
E. from PluckenuB, and 7 S. S. W.:
from Morriftown. It «*m here thRt
Col . Harcourt furpnfed anci made a pn-^
foner of Gen. Lee, Dee. 13, 1776. /r
Bkioh lUtbrntt liMOBthe E.fi4«oir
Lake Champlain, in the t^ywpftiipaf
Ferri(burgh, Vermont, 44 1*^'** ^* ^f**^
terly fram the month of Otter Cvcck< •
Basss Terri, the chief town m
the ifland of St. Chriiiopher>, in tJbt
W. Indies, fituated at the S. E. ei|def
the I. It confifts of a long^^reet aloay
the fea fliore ; isR place of confiderablV
trade, the feat of govenunent, and it da^
fended by 3 batteries. N. lat, 17. 94*
W. long. 6a. 36, 56. . f-
This is alfo the name of a part <if tht
I. of Guadaloupe, in the W.: Indini
between a point of which called Gnsft
Morpe, to tW of Antigua in the GnHide
Terre, the bafon callpd the Great CM
de Sac, is 5 or ( kagues in length |
wherein is OUe riding for fltipa of |ii)l
rates. .fi
Bass Harbour, DiftriAof Maine, Ji
harbour of Mt. Defert Ifland, 7 miles
from Soil Cove. ' °-
Bastimentos, fmall iflwds, near
the Illhmus of Darien, and iomewltat
W. of the Samballoes i^ands,i at dM
mouth of the bay of Nombre de IHoik
very near the fliore. Here admiral
Holier lay with a Britifli fquadropmany
years ago, when having loft many of bia
men, and his fliips beinff almoft rot^
ten in an ina£live ftate, he died of a
broken heait. Lat. 9. }o. W. long.
79* 45.
Batabano, a town on the S. fide
of the iflaiid of Cyba, in the W. Indies {
fituated on tiie fide of a large bay, opi-
pofite Pinos Ifles, and about 50 , miles
S. W. from the Havaimah.
BataVia, a fettlement in N. VoH:«
at the head of Schoharie jCreek, about
39 miles from its mouth, and %% S*W«
from Albany, and as fai' N. W. of
Efopus.
Bath, a townfliip of Lincoln co* ^ 5^
Diftri£t of Maine, containing 949 in-
habitants. It lies on the W. fide of
Kennebeck R. about 13 miles from
Wifcailet, 60 N. E. from Portland, )»
from Hallovrell, 1 3 from Pownalboro*,
and 165 N. £. from Bofton. ]^ lat»
43.49*
Bath, a county of Virgiiua> about
C a 4o milfis
BAT
60 miln in length, and $0 In breadth {
bounded E. bv the county of Augufta.
It it noted tor it» medicinal fpringt,
called the Hft and H^arm fpringt, near
the foot ( f Jackfon'a Mountain, which
Bath, • thriving town in Berkley co.
Virginia, fituated at the foot of the
Warm Spring Mountain. The fptings
in the neighlxnirhood of thic town, al-
though leis efficacious than the Wai-m
Springs in Bath co. draw tipwards of
Soeo people here, during fummer, from
Wiout pa^ta of the United States.
The water is little more than milk-
warm, and weakly impregnated with
minerals. The country in the environ&
is agreeably diverfified with hills and
vallevs ) the foil rich, and in good cul-
tivation; S5 miles from Maitinfl>urg,
•nd S69 miles 81 W. from Philadelphia.
Bath, a townlhip in Grafton co. N.
Hampfhire, containmg49) inhabitants.
It lies on the E. bank of Connecticut R.
SS miles N. E. by N. fiom Dartmouth
College, and yy N. W. from Portf-
moutii.
Bath, or Port Batht an ancient town
in Hyde co. N. Carolina, on the N.fide
of Tar R. about 24 miles from Pamp.
lico Sound, it 8. by W. of Edenton,
•nd in the poit of entry on Tar R. It
contains about is houles, and is rather
declining. N. lat. 35.3i.W.long.77.i5.
Bath, a village in the eaftem parifh
of St. Thomas, in the I. of Jamaica, in
the W.Indies. It has its rife and name
from a famous hot fprlng in its vicinity,
i'i'vi to be highly efficacious in curing
the dry-belly ache. The water is ful-
phureous, and flows out of a rocky
mountaiir about a mil&dlftant ; and is
too hot to admit a hand being held in it.
Bath, a village in theeo. of Renfla-
laer, New- York, pleafantly fituated on
the eaft bank of Hudfon river, neaily
oppolite the city of Albany, at ttie head
of floop navigation. A mineral I'pi'ing
has been difcovered here, faid to poflcis
valuable qualities ; and a commodious
tiathing-hovfe has been ere^cd, at a
confiti^ahle expence, containing hot,
cold, and fhower baths.
Bath, a thriving poft-town in New-
Vork, Sfeuben co. of about 50 hotifes,
fituaied on the N. bank of ConhoAon
Creek, a northern heiuiwater of Tioga
K'i 4* miles S.E.fromWiiliamA>urg,
^CheneflbcR.i iS N. W. from the
BAY
Painted Poft } i so from Niagari | 59
wefterly from Geneva, and isi W. of
Hudfon city. N. lat. <\t. 1 5. W. lung.
77' «o.
Batten Kill, a fmall river which
rifes in Vermont, and after running N.
and N. Wefterly about 30 miles, falls
into Hudfon, near Saratoga.
Battle R. in New South Wales,
runs N. E. into Sa(kahawen R. S. E.
from Manchefter Houfe. Its courfe is
<hort.
BaulbmV Kilt, a wcftem water of
Hudfon R. 8| miles below Albany.
Baxos de Baduca. See Ahrojos.
Bay OP Fresh Water, in the N.
part of the Gulf of Mexico, lies S. of
Afccnfion Bay. N. lat. 30. V^. long. 94.
Bayamo, a town in theeaitem part
of the ifland of Cuba, having the town
of Atmo W. and St. Barbara on the S.
It lies '<n the E. fide of Effero R. about
ao miles from the Tea.
Bayamo, Channel dely in the ifland
of Cuba, runs between the numerous
fmati iflands »nd rocks called Jardin de
la F.eyna, on the N. W. and the flioals
and rocks which line the coaft on the
S. E. fide of it, from the bold point
called Cabo de Cruz. This channel
leads to the hay of Eftero, which re-
ceives two rivers ; the fouthemmoit of
which leads to the town of Bayamo.
Bay OP FuMDY, wafhes thie Oiores
of the Britifl) Provinces of New-Brunf-
wick on the N. and Nova>Scotia on the
E. and S. This bay is la leagues
acrofs, from the Gut of Annapolis to
St. John's, the principal town of New.
Brunrwick. The tides are very rapid
in this bay, arvd rii'e at Annapolis Bafin
about 30 feet ; at the Bafin of Minas,
which may be termed the N. arm of this
bay, 40 feet ; and at the head of Chig-
ne£lo Channel, an arm of this bay, the
fpring tides riie 60 feet.
Bay de Roche Feni)e, lies on the
W. fide of Lake Champlain, and in th«
ftate of New- York, 17 miles above
Crown Point.
Bay op Islands, ties on the W.
fide of Newfoumlland I. in the gulf of
St. Lawrence. This bay is very exten-
five, having 3 antis, by which feveral
rivers empty into it. It has feveral
iflands j the chief of which are called
Harbour, Pearl, and Tweed. The cen.
tre of the Bay lies in about 49. 5. N. lat.
and sS< is> W. long, ftona Greenwich.
Say
B E A
Bay or St. Lovit, on the Labra-
dor coaft, hai Cape St. Louis on the N.
and Cape ChBrIca on the 8. It has
many I'mall iflands } the largeft of which
is Battle L in the mouth of the bay.
The middle of the bay lies in N. lat.
5t. aj. W. long. 55. tj.
Baynbt, a town and bay on the S.
fide cf the ifland of St. Domingo, 4{
leagues from Petit Goave, on theN. fide
of the ifland. It is about 8 leagues W.
of Jackmel< N. lat. 18. 17.
Beach Fork^ a branch of Salt R.
which rifes in Nellbn co< Kentucky.
A fine clay is found on this river, which
might, it is thought, be manufaAured
into good porcelam.
Bealsbvro, a fmall town in Nel-
fon CO. Kentucky, on the E. bank of
Rolling Fork, which contains so houfes,
as alio a tobacco warchoufe. It is 1 5
miles W. S. W. of Bairdftuwn, 50 S.
W. of Frankfort, and 890 from Phila-
delphia. N. lat. 37.41. W. long, 85. 50.
Beardstown. See BairJflo-wH,
Bear Covtt lies on the £. fide of
the S. eaftent corner of Newfoundland
I. at the head of which is the fettle-
ment of Fornufe, which fee, KeneHi'^s
rocks lie between Bear Cove and Frefh
Water Bay on the S. i% miles northerly
from Cape Race.
Beak Grafs Crteic, a fmall Creek on
the enftern lide of Ohio R. a few hun-
dred yards N. of the town of Louifville,
in Kentucky. This is the fpot wher^
the intended canal is propofed to be cut
to the upper fide of the Raptds. From
the mouth of the creek, to the upper
fide of the rapids, is not quite a miles.
This would render the navigation ,fthe
Ohio fafe and eafy. The country on
the fides of this creek, bi^tween Salt R.
nnd Kentucky R. is beautiiul and rich.
See Rapids oftke Ohio.
Bear Lake, Great, in the N. W.
part of N. America, lies near the Arftic
Circle, and fends a river a W. S. W.
courfe.
Bear Lake, Black, in New South
Wales, lies in N. lat. 53I. W. long.
107I. It lies N. W. from Cumberland
Houfe.
Bear Lake, White, lies due W.
from another fmall lake called Bear
Lake, both in N. lat. 48. 15. and the
W. long, of the former is 984. Thele
are faid to give rife to MifltfippI R.
. BSAK TinvM, in Catoliacco. Mary*
BB A H
lamti lies about 7 miks N. from Orecnf-
burg, and about 1 5 S. B. from Cbcftor-
town.
BiAR Cruk, • water of Tcnneflcc
river. See Occocbappo,
BsAuroRT, a feaport town in Car-
teret CO. on the N. E. fide of Cora Sounds
and diftrift of Newborn, N. Carolimt.
It contains about 10 houfes, a court-
houfe and gaol, and the county courta
are held here. It ia 55 miles S. by B*
of Newbiern, and about 17 ii'om Cap*
Lookout. N. lat 34. tyj.
Beaufort, the chief town of Beau-
fort diftri6t, S. Carolina, is fituatcd on
the ifland of Port Royal, at'the mouth of
Cooi'awbatchic R. The courts which
were formerly held here, are now remotr-
ed to the town of Coofawhatchie,on tlw
above fmall river. Beaufort is a littlt
pleafant town, of about 60 hpules, and ,
200 inhabitant! j who are diftinguiflaed
for their hofpitality and politcnefs. It
has a fine harbour, and bids fair to bt-
come a confiderablc town. It ufed to bfl
a ftation ^br the Britifli fquadron when ift
their pofleflTion Beaufort is fituatcd x(
miles from Purilburg, and 73 from
Charlefton, to the S. W. noted f^r itt
healthy fituatioo. N. lat. %t. a6. Vf,
lone. 80. 55.
Beaufort DiJIriQ^ In the lower
country of S. Carolina, lies on the fe*
csaft, between Combahee and Savan-
nah rivers. It Is 69 miles in lengthy
and 37 in breadth, and is divided vMa
4 pariflies, viz. St. Helena, St. Luke,
Prince William, and St. Peter, which
contain 18,753 Inhabitants} of whom
only 4.34.6 arc whites. The northern
part of this diftricl abounds with large
forefts of cyprefs} the lands, however^
are fit for raifing rice, indigo, &c. It
fends s t reprcfentatives and 4 fenator i
to the ftate legiflature ; ef :h parKh fend-
ing an equal number. A» iiount of tkxea
^3,oi2 2S. iid.fter.
Braver Creek, runs Into Lake Erie,
at its £. end ; about 7 miles S. £. from,
Fort Erie,
Beaver Creek, Bio, falls into thie
Allegany river, after having received
feveral branches ftom the N. E. about
a 8 miles N. NV. from Pittfburg.— It
rile» in th<^ S. runs N. about 6 m lc«,
thence T £. is mpre to the Salt. Lick
Town i then, pall the Mahoning Towxv
and Salt Sprmga, 34 miles S. eaftcrly to
the Kilhkulh Town, from which to iu
C % mouth
%«
irm
i
mouth it %t mllci foutherlyt In ftll
febout74.niil«t.
BiAVBR DoM, a townlhip in Penn-
Vyivaniai on the W. fule of Sufqiichan-
iwh R> See NtrtbmmbtrUmdeo.
BsAtBll/rtiV, isuS.E. arm ot the
Fopachtun Branch of the Delaware.
Ita mouth it 1 7I miles Cfrum the Cook
floaflt, and Ht N. W. from Kufliich-
ttin FalU.
Bbavbr lal#, hi New South Wales,
Itet inalMnit 5s. 45. N. lat.aml 101.30.
W. long. Aliftlc N. E. from it is the
fource of Churchill R. S. E. from it is
Cumberland Hovfe, on Graft R. which
ha* tommur.ication hv lakes with NeU
Ion R. S. W. of it II Saflcalhawen R.
on which, towardt tta head, are a num-
her of houfe« belonging to the Hudfon's
■Bay Company.
* B 8 A t E R s Tvwn, at Tujkaranuas , lies
between Margaret's Creek, an upper
'N, W. branch of Muflctngvni R. and
the N. branch of that river j at. the
'head of which N. hi-anch there is only
1l mile''s portage to Cayahu^a R^ Bea-
vers Town lies about 85 miles N. W.
■from Pittsburg. A little below this a
-fbrtwaa ereAed in 1764.
Bhck BT, a townlhip in Berkfhire co.
Maflachufetts, containing 751 inhabit-
'«nts. It is 10 miles E. of Stockbridge,
17 from Lenox, and 130 W. from Bof-
< BBDE Poraf, isthceaftern capeat the
mouth of Cook's R. on the N. W. coaft
of N.America.
Bedford, a townlhip in HilKbo-
rough CO. New-Hainplhire, which was
incorporated in 1750, and contains 898
inhabitants. It lies on the W. bank of
Merrimack R. 56 miles W. of Portf-
-mouth.
Bedford, a tovv-nlhip in Middlefex
'CO. Maflachufett*, cofttaining 5x3 m-
'habitants ; 1 3 miles northerly from Bof-
ton.
Bedford, New, is a flourifhing town
in Briftolco. in the fame Hate, containing
3313 inhabitants i 58 miles fouthward
of fiofton. It lies at the head of navi-
jKationon Accufhnet R. I.at. 40. 41.
^. long. 70. 5a. W. from Greenwich.
• Bedford, a townfliip in W.Chefter
CO. New- York, containing 2470 inhab-
itants, including 38 flaves. It lies con-
tiguous to Connecticut, la miles N.
'from Long>.Iiland Sound, and 35 front
*lhecitf rfNcifr-Ydrk. In the ftat4
eenfui of 1796, there Bppeart to be 30s
eleAort.
Bedford, a town on the W. end of
Long I . New- Y ork , 4 miles N . W . Irotn
Jamaica Bay, and 6 E. from the tity of
New- York.
Bedford, a village near the Georgia
fide of Savannah river 4 miles above
Augufta;
Bedford Co. in Pennfylvanin, lies
on Juniatta R. ) has part of the (late of
Maryland on the S. and Huntingdon co.
N. and N. E. It contains i3,ia4 in-
habitants, including 46 (laves ) and has
\ of its lands fettlai, and is divided into
9 townfhips.
Its chief town« Bedford, lies on the
S. fide of Rayftown branch of the fame
river) aj miles eaftward of Berlin, and
1 1 o W. of Philadelphia. It is rrgular-
ly laid out ; and the inhabitants who
live in 41 loghoufes and9of ftone, have
water conveyed in wooden pipes to a re-
fervoir in the middle of the town. They
have a ftone gaol } the market-hoiife,
court- houfe, and record office, are built
ofbrick. Bedford was incorporated in
1795, ^^ ^'^t^ii' charter is fimilar to
that of Chefter. N. lat. 40. W. long.
78. 50.
Bedford Co. in Virginia, is fepara-
ted from that of Amheift on the N. by
James R. } has Campbell £. Botetourt
W. and Franklin co. on the S. It is
34 miles long, 15 broad, and contains
10,531 inhabitants, including «>754-
flaves. ItJias a good foil and is agrees
ably divernfied with hills and vaTlies.
In fome parts chalk and gypfum have
been difcovered. Its chict town is New
London.
Bedminstbr, in Somerfetco. New-
Jerlcy, is a townfliip containing 11 97
inhabitants, including 169 flaves.
Beef IJland, one of the fmaller Vir-
gin iflands, in the W. Indies, fituated
between Dog I. on the W. and Tortu-
la on the E. It is about 5 miles long
and I broad, in Sir Francis Drake's
Bay. N. lat. 18. 23. W. long. 63. a.
Beekman, a confiderable tt^nfhip
in Duchefs co. New- York, containing
3597 inhabitants, including 106 flaves.
In the ftate cenfus of 1796, there ap-
pears to be 50s electors in this town-
fliip.
fiEHRiNc's Bayt oBtheN. W; coaft
of N. America, is feparated from 'Ad -
ikiiraflty B8]S tm tlie imthward, by a
point
vrs i itnd has
I divided into
Mht oF land } and lies N. W. from
Crort Sound. 8«e ddmraltj B«f.
BsHRiNO'l StrttttSt feiMurate Afia
from AnMnca» are To called from the
Ruffian navigator, Capt. Beiiiine, who,
with Tfliirikow, fiiiled from iLamptf-
chatka, in Siberia, ontheAfiatic coaft,
in t|ucft of the Nuw World, in a quar-
ter where it had, perhapi, never been
approached.* They both difcovercd
land within a few degrees of the N. W.
coaft of America. But the more recent
difcoverieoof Capt. Cook, and his fuc-
ceflfor, Clarke, have confirmed the near
approximation of the two continents.
Cape Prince of Wales is the moft wef-
terly point of the American continent,
hitherto known. It is fituated in N.
)at. 65. 4<. E. long. 191. 45. and is
19 miles diftant from the eaftern coaft of
A(ia.
The Tea, from the 8. of Behring^s
Straits, to the crefcent of ifles between
Afia and America, is very Hiallow. It
deepens from thefe ftraits (m the Bri-
tlfh Teas do from Dover) till foundings
aie loft in the Pacific Ocean ; but that
does not take place but to the S. of the
Ules. Between them and the ftraits is
an increafe from it to 54. fathoms, ex-
cept only off St. Thaddeus Nofs, where
there is a channel of greater depth,
li'rom the volcanic dil^fition, it has
been Judged probable, not only that
there was a reparation of the continents
at thefe ftraits, but that the whole fpace
from the ifles to that fmall opening had
once been dry land ; and that the fuiy of
the watery elen)ent, actuated by that of
fire, had, in very remote time^ fub-
Vertcd and overwhelmed the trail, and
left the iftands to ferve at monumental
fragments.
The famous Japanefe map places
fome idands fcemingly within thefe
ftraits, on which is beftowed the title
of Ya Zuet or the kingdom of the dwarfs.
This gives fome realbn to fuppoie that
.America was not linknoVtrn to the Japa.
nefe ; and that they had, as is mention-
ed by Kxmpfer, and Charlevoix, made
voyages of difcovery ; and, according
•to the laft, actually wintered upon the
Continent, where probably meeting with
the Efquimaux, they might, in compa-
Hfonot thcmfelves, and Juftly, diftin-
guifti them by the name of dwarfs.
B£KIA, or Btctuya., or fiogww, a fmall
#titi(h Ifland among tbc Gi-anadUla»}
"B E L s^
55 mllei N. E. of Oranada, and Sf
leagues from Barhadoes. Itwatcallc"
Little Martinico by the French, and has
a Jafe harbour from all winds { but tio
fiefli water. It is only frequented by
tholk who catch turtle. Tho foil pro.
duces wild cotton, and plenty of water
meloni.
BiLCHBR, atownfliipin Hampfhire
CO. Mafl'achufetts, containing 1485 in>
habitants, who fubfift chieflv by tunn-
ing. It lies 1 1 miles £. of Hadiey, and
«5 W. of Bvfton.
Belez, a cit/ of Nevr Grenada,
Terra Firma, S. America.
Belfast, a townfiiip and bay ia
Hancock co. Diftrifl of Maine, both fi.
tuated in v/hat is called the Waldo Pa-
tent, at the mouth of Peiiobfcot R. and
on its weliern fide } 38 miles N. E. by
E. from Hallowell, and 146 N. E. from
Bofton. The town contains 145 inha-
bitants. TIk Bay, on the N. weftem
part of which the town ftands, runs up
mto the land by 3 fliort arms. Iflelbo-
rough I. lies in the middle of it, and
forms two c .annels leading to the mouth
of Penobfcot R.
Belgrade, a townlhip in Lincoln
CO. Diftri6l of Maine, incocpomted in
Feb. 1796. It was formerly called
Wafhington Plantation. It lies W. of
Sidney, and between Androfcoggin and
Kennebeck rivers.
Belhaven, the former name of
Alexandria, in Fairfax co. Viivinia,
which fee. It lies 14 miles N. £. of
Colchefter, 86 S. W. of Winchefter,
30 W. of Annapolis, and a 14 S. W.
of Philadelphia.
Belim, or Para, a town in Brazil.
See Para.
Belu IJlt, an Ifland on the E. fide cf
the northern part of Newfoundland I.
E. of Canada head; lietween jo. 42.
and 50. 50. N. lat. and between W.
long. 55. 39. and 55- -t-^*
Bell AIRE, apoft-town near the cen-
tre of Harford co. ivlaryland, and the
chief of the county. It contains acoiirt-
houfe and gaol; and is thinlv inhabited:
diftant from Harford, 6 mifes, N. W. j
11 N. E. from Baltimore, and 86 W,
S. W. from Philadelphia.
Belle IJUt an ifland at the mouth of
the ftraits of this name, between the
country of the Efquimaux, or New Bri-
tain, and the N. end of Newfoundland
I. which ftraits leads ioto the gulf
C4. of
40 BEM
of St. Lawrence from the Ni £.->«•
The ifland is about 7 leagues in cir<
cumference) and lies 16 mU^s from the
neareft land on the coaft of Labrador,
or New Britain. On the N. W. fide it
has a harbour for filhing vcfl'els, or i'mall
craft i and on the £. point it has a cove
which will admit: ihailops. Lat. 51.
55. N. long. 55, 30. W.
Belle Duatt Lot or Handfome Dfiunt
a long, proje£ling) barren point, on the
ibuthern fide of Ckaleur Bay, about 8
leagues N..N. W. of Nipifisjuit, where
temporary cod and herring ftflieriss are
carried on by different pcopk; there
being no ettabtiihed trader at the place.
Bellorovb, in Bergen co. N. Jer.
fey» on the road to Albany, lies within
half a mile of the line which feparates
New York from New Jerfey, which ex-
tends from Delaware R. to that of Hud •
(oQ, It is 3 miles noi-therly from Bra-
bantu and 14 N. by W. from New-
Yc.k city.
Bellingham, afmall farming town-
fliip in Norfolk co. Maifacburetts, con-
taining 735 inhabitants, 10 miles north-
erly ft-om Providence, and 34, Ibutherly
ivom Bolton.
Bells MiU, a fettlement in N. Caro-
lina, near the Moravian fettlernents, at
tbefourceofDeen R. the N. weftern-
moft branch of the N. W. branch uf
Cape Fear, and about 50 miles W. of
HiiUbcrough.
Bel PRE, a poft-(;own and fmall fet-
tlement in the tervitory N. W. of the
Ohio, on the N< W. bank of Ohio K. be-
tween the Hockhocking & Muikingum
Rs.ando)iporite the mouth of the Little
Xanh£*:vay { a.' ' 1 14. mile* below M'*ri-
etta, and 480 S.W.by W.from Pliiladel.
Bel vioeiiE,anew town (hipia Frank-
Jin CO. Vermont.— .—Alio a village in
New- Jerfey, in Suflt:x co. fuuated on
I^el.-iware R« at the mouth of Pequeft R.
and 1 1 miUs above Ealton, in Penniyl-
vania.
T^SMHPICT, a town In Charles co.
Kiaryland, on Patuxent R.; oppoiite
Mackall's Ferry ; W. from Port T^-
baccd 16 miles, as the road runs thro'
Byrantown; 30. S. E. fro.ntheFtderal
City, and ao fvom Drums Point, at the
mouth of fhtir. 'c-r.
BiNKiNcrON, a county in the S.
W. <«.rntr of Vermont, having Wind-
ham «o. on the E. ml the ilate of N.
York on tk« W. \ into which ttate it
B £ R
fends Batten Kill aiid Heofack tivtitt
which both lifehere, and fall into Hud«
fon R. 14 miles apart 1 Rutland co. lies
on the N. and th«'ftate of Maffaehufettt
on the 8. It contains 19 towoihipl, of
which Bennington and Man(;befter are
the chief. It has is*^4 inhabitants*
including 16 flaves* The roountaina
here furniOi iron on in ahundance, and
employ already, a fiimace and two
foi^es.
Bennington, the (hire town of the
above county, and the largeft town in
the ftate of Vermont, having about, 160
houfes, inthecompaft partofthetowrt,
is fituatcd at the foot of the Great
Mountain, near the S. W. comer of
the ilate, 14 miles eafterly from the
junAlon of Hudfon and Mohawk rir
vers, and about 5a from the- S. end of
Lake Champlain, at the confluence of
the E. and S. bays ; and lies 55 miles
from Rutland} ^o^ miles N. eafterly
from New-York } and 300 in the r5»me
dire£lion from Philadelphia. N. ladi
41. 4a. W. long. 74. 10. Benningtorf
has fcveral elegant buildings. Its pub-
lic edifices are a congregational fchurch,
ftate houfe and gaol. It is the oldeft
town in the ftate, having been firft fet-
tied in 1764, and is in a nourifliingcon«
uition, containing 2,400 inhahitants.
Within the townfliip is mount Auth<»>
ny, which riles very high in a conical
f6rm.'
Two famous battles ^ere fought in
or near this town, in one day, Aug. if,
1777, in which Col. Stark gained great
fame. The Britifli loft 4 bi-ai's fieldpie-
ces, and other military ftore»i and beiidcs
thofe (lain, 700 were taken prifoners.
The killed and wounded of the Ameri>
cans were about 100 men. This de-
feat contributed in a great meaiiire, to
the rubfeqv.ent fuixender of General Bur-
goyue's army.
Benson, the N. wefternmoft town-
Ihip in Rutland co. Vermont, is fituat-
ed on the E. fide of Lake Chanlplain ;,
57 miles N. N. W. of Bennington, and
has 658 inhabitants. Hubberton R.
paifes through Bcnlbn in its way to Eaft
Bay. Cockburnc's Creek, which feeds
the lame bay, rills here.
Bf.rab7.an, is a lung lake in New
North Wales, lying N. and S. aixl nar-
rows gradually from its N. end, till it
mixes with the witters of Shech:iry
Lake at the S. enil, wlicit thdc waters
form
^
EH
form Seal R'. which empties into Hud-
fon'a Bay st Churchill fort. The N.
endof Berabiai^liet irt about 60. 30. N.
liit. and in 93. 50. W. long. See Sbt-
chary L. and Cburcbili R.
BstBici, a Dutch fettlement on a
river of the fame nanie» in SurinatHy
which fee. Thia fettlement with the
other adjoining ones of Surinam and
Eflequibo, furrendered to the Britiih in
1796.
Berbice, or BerbtUt a river in Suri
nam, or Dutch Guiana, in S. America,
which is a quarter of a mile broad, and
two fathoms deep at itt mouth, in N.
lat. 6. 30. The land on both fides is
low and woody, has plenty of logwood
and cotton.
Bergen Co. in New- Jerfey, on Hud-
fan R. lies oppofite New- York, on the
E. and was nrft planted by the Dutch,
from New- York. It contains 6 tpwn-
(hips, of which the chief are Bergen
and H^ckinlack, ;and is,6oi inliabi-
tants, including 2301 Haves. Here are
7 Dutch Calvinilt churches, and % of
Dutch Lutherans. There is a copper
mine here, which, when worked by
the Schuylers (to whom it belorged)
was confRierably productive } but it has
been neglcftcd lor many years.
It is a mountainous, iough, an'! hilly
county, 30 miles long, and 15 broad.
It fornix part of the E. and northern
end of the ftate : and its N. W. ex-
tremity meets the N. £. part of Sufl'ex
CO. ; To that thefe two counties embo-
fom Morris and Eflex counties, except
on the S. W. and form the whule
bitadth of the (late in that quarter.
Bergen, the fliire town of Bergci
CO. New-Jerf»;y, lies furrounded by
water, except on the N. ; the rivtr
Hudlbn fepai-ates it from New- York
city, 3 miles diftant ; on the S. a nar-
row channel lies betv/een it and Staten
I. ; and on the W. it has Hackiniaci|; K.
Tlie inhabitants are moftly deicrendants
from the Dutch fettlers.
Bergen' Neck, is the fouthem ex-
tremity of the above towr.ftjip.
Berichemstead, ot Barkhemftead,
a townOiip in Litchfield co. ConneiH-
cut, having Hartland N. and New-
Hartford S.
Berkley, a townfhipin Hriftol co.
Maflkchufetts, containing 850 inhabi-
tants ; 50 miles fouthward ot Boflon.
Berkley, the name both of a coun-
B E H 41
ty and town, in Charlellon DIftriA, S*
Carolina, lying near Cooper ind AAky
Rivers. Ill the cenfus of 1791, it was
called St. John*s Parifi}, in Berkley co.
and contained 75X free pcrfons, and
5170 (laves.
Bbrklby Ch. in Virginia, lies W*
of the Blue Kidgt;* N. ot Frederick co.
and feparated from tlu ftate of Maiy* '
land, on the N. and £. by Potowmack
R. This fertile cofinty, about 40 miles
long and 20 broad, has 16,781 free in>
habitants, and %^i% flaVes. Martiuf*
burg is its chief town.
Berkley^s Soundt on the N. W*
coaft of N. America, liei on the eaftem
fide of Quadras Ifles. The land on its
eaftem fide is oppofite Cape Flattery,
and forms the N. fide of the Straits dc
Fuca.
Berk's Co. in Pennfylvania, has
Northampton co. on the N. E. ; Nor-
ihumberkjidon the N. W. ; part of Lu*
zem on the N. } Dauphin and Lancaf-
ter counties B. W. and Chefter and
Montgomery S.E. It is watered by
Schuylkill R. and ;s 53 miles long and
near .29 broad, containing 1,030,400
acres. Here iron ore and coaUire fpund
in plenty, which {apply feveral iron
works. The northern paits are rough
and hilh . Berks contains 30,179 in-
habitants, of whom 65 onljr are flaves.
It has 29 townfliips, of which Reading
is the chief.
Berkshire Co. in Maflachufetts, is
bomided W. by New- York ftate j S.
by the ftate of Connecticut; E. by
Hampfliire co. and N. by the ftate m '
Vermont. It thus runs the whole ex-
tent cf the ftate from K. to S. and con-
tains twenty-fix town hips; the chief
of which are Stoc'.cbridge, Lenox,
Great Barrington, *'Villianiftown, and
Pittsfield ; and the number of inhabi-
tants3o, 191. Whit: and clouded mar-
ble is found in ftveral towns, in the
rough and hilly paits of this country.
In February, 1796, tlie legiflature
paffed an aA to eftablifti a college in
Williamftown, by the name of Wil-
liams College.
Berkshire, a newly fettled town-
(hip, in Franklin co. Vermont.
Berlin, a neat and flouriftiing town
of York CO. Pennfylvania, containing
about 100 houfes. It is regularly laid
out, on the S. W, fide oiiCoiiewago
Creek, 1 3 miles wefieiiy of Yockto^n,
and
# ^ £ iL
and Ml W. dT PhUadelphia. N. lat.
99* 5^-
BuKLVKf a tofwnflup in Orange co.
VtnDonty on Dog K. a branch of
Ctuom R: from theS. t which laft fepa.
rates Berlin from MontpeIier» on the
M. N. W> Bcriin containa 134 inhabi-
taat«» and is ubout 94 miks N. eafterly
firom Bemington.
BiRiiiN) a townfliip in Hartford co.
CooDcdicut* i» miiet S. Si W.of
BRrtfstx), 4« N. W. of Ncw-Lcndon }
and aS F. M. E. of N«w.iIaTen.
Berlin, a townfliip in Worcefter
C0. Ma(&chuletts» containing 51a in-
liabitants { 34. milca W. of Bofton. and
«5 N. £. of Worcefter. Hop^ have
Inen cultivated here lately, andpromife
iw be a valuable article of hufluuidry.
Berlin, in Somerfet co. formerly in
that of BcdI'ord Pennfylvania, lies on
m branch of Stoney Creek, s S. water c£
Conemaugh R. on the W. fide of the
Alleghany KfonBlain { 25 miles weft-
wmd of Bedford ; »3 N. W. of Fort
Cumberland, in Virginia, and 200 W.
«f Philadelphia. Sione Creek, the
chief iburce of Kiflcerainitas R. rifes
"tf. N. E.of Berlin. N. lot. 39. 54.
Bermuda Hundred, or City Point,
aa it is fometimes called, is a port of
tntry and poft town, in Ch«fterfield co.
Virsiaia, Atuated on the point of the
peninfula, fbrmed by the confluence of
the Appamattox with Jam' » River, 36
miles wefterly from Williamfourg, 64
from Poini Comfort, inChefapcak Bay,
and ] 1 5 S . W. by S .from Philadelphia.
City Point, from which it is named,
lies on the fouthem bank of James R
4 miles S. S. W. from this town. The
exports fror. this {Uace, chiefly co}-
IcAed at Richmond, ao miles above it,
amounted in 1794, to the value o.
773,549 dollars I and (ixmn the ift of
OAober, to ift December, 1795, were
as fdlows t 1 5 kegs of butter, 578 bbls.
S. flneflour, 1 01 half do. 789 fine do.
393 lbs. indigo, 10 tons pig iron, too
His. faflafras, 80,320 hbd. (taves, 66,300
bbl. ftaves, 1,819 hhds. tobacco, and 3
kegs manufaftured do.— Total exports,
90,859 dollars, 45 cents. There are
about 40 houfes here, including (bme
«rarchou(M. It trades chiefly with the
Wi Indies, and th*; different ftates.
City Point, in Jamet R. lies in N. lat.
■57. 16.W. lonff. 77. 31 }. Sec Richtmnd.
Birmwsa Jfiatdt* Thefe received
this name from the discoverers Jo8t|
Bermudas, a Spaniard ; and were called
Sommer*s Ifles, from Sir Oeorge Som-
roers, who was fliipwrecked on theii-
rocks in 1609, in his paflage to Vir.
ginia; The number of thii cluder, iiJ
the form of a ihepherd's crook, hai
been computed to be about 400, diflant
from the Land's End in England, 1 506
leagues, itnm the Madeiras lioo, from
Hifpaniola 4Q0, and 200 from Cape Hat-
teras in Carolina, which laft is the
nearjft land to them. The iflands are
wa/ied with rocks } and by rea&n of'
tlv.'fe, together with flioals, are difficult
tc approach. The entrances into the
harbours and channels are nanxvvir aa
rvell as flioaly, and are more dangerous
by realbn of the ftrong current which
fets to the N. £. from the gulf of Flo-
rida. They contain Irom 1 1 to 1 3,000
acres of poor land, of which9part8 in 16
are either uncultivated, or referved in
woods, which confift chijsfly of cedar}
for the fupply of (hip-building. There
are about 2qo acres laid out in cotton.
The main ifland is ubout i£ miles lon^^
and finom one to two in breadth. The
pariih of St. George's, is an I. to the
eaftward of the main land, in which
ftands the town of St. George's, cc.i-
tainingabout 500 houfes. Contiguous to
that is St. David's I. which fupulies the
town with proviiions. The air isnealthy*
and a continual fpring prevails ; and
moft of the produ£lions of the W. In>
dies might be cultivated here. The
houfes are built of a foft flone,' wl,«rh
is fawn like timber, but being Araihed
with lime, it becomes hard j thcfe
ftones are greatly in requeft throughout
the W. Indies, for filtrating water. The
houfes are white as fnow ; which, be-
'leld from an eminence, contrafted with
the greennefs of the ced»rs, and pafture
ground, and the multitude of ifiands
full in view, realize what the poets
have feigiied of the Elyiian Fields.— <
Some accounts lay that thefe iflands
contain from 1 5 to 20,000 inhabitants ;
but Mr. Edwards fays the n\imber of
.white people is 5462, of blacks 4919.
Old writers obferve that there were 3000
Englifli in thefe iflands, in 1613. 300
or 400 go annually to Turks I. to rake
fait, which is carried to America fur pro-
vifions, or fold, to fuchas may call for
it there, for cafli. The Bermndiana
are chiefly fcafering nun, and the ne-
groes
trots are rtry txpert mariners, in the
fate war, there yntt at one time be-
tween 15 and ab privateers fitted out
from hence, which were manned by
negro flaves, who behaved irreproacha-
bly} and Aich i« the ftate of flavery
here, and fo much are they attached to
their maftm, that fuch as were captur-
ed always returwd when it was in their
power; a fmgular inftance of which
occurred in the ftate of MaflTachufetts.
The fl«iJ Regulator, a privateer, was
carried into Bofton, and tiad 70 flaves
on boaitlt 60 of them returned in a
fiag of truce, 9 returned by way of
tIew-Yorkj one only was mifllng, who
died. The government is condu£ted
under a governor^ named by the Bri-
tifli crown, a council, and a general af-
fembly. There are 9 churches, of
which 3 clergymen have the charge;
and there is one Prefbyterian church.
In the prefent Eurc^an war, the nu-
merous cruizers from Bermudas, have
xmwarrantably captured numbers of
American veffels, loaded with provi-
fions or naval ftorcs, bcund for French,
and other ports, which have been ini-
quitoudy condemned. *
Bernard's Bay, lies on the N. W.
fide of the gulf of Mexico. The paf-
fage into it, between feveral iflands, is
called Pafco de Cavalb.
Bernardstoutn, in Somerfet co.
New.Jj:r;:y, contains 4377 inhabitants,
including 93 flaves.
Alio the name of a townfhip in
Hampftiire co. Maflachufetts, contain-
ing 691 inhabitants; diftant 110 miles
weftward Irom Bofton. '
Berne, a townfhip in Albany co.
New-york. By 'the ftate cenfiis of
1796, it appears there are 477 of the
inhabitants who are electors.
Berry Iflands, a fmall chifter of
ides on the N. W. point of the Great
B:ihama Bank, in the channel of Pro-
vidence. N.lat. 25. 30. W. long. 75.40.
Bertie, a maritime co. in N. Caro-
lina, in Edenton diftri^l, with the .Roa-
noke its S. boundai-y, and Albemarle
Sound on the E. In it is lituated the
ancient Indian tower of TuCcarora. It
contains ii,6o6 (buls, of which num-
ber 5 1 4. 1 are Haves.
Berwick, or Abbttflonvn, a neat
town in York co. Pennlylvania, at the
head of Conewago Creek, 1 3 miles weft-
ward of York, a( S, S. W. of Harrif-
«At
41
burgh, and 103 W. byS. of PMIadcl*
phia. The town is renhuiy laitf «it^
and contains about 100 hooASj s 0«s
man Luthtran, and Calvtiuft cb«Kh«
N. lat. 39. y^
Berwick, aclftw-BervHektt. Anal
town of Northumberland co. Pomfyf-
vania, on the N. wedem fide of the E.
branch of Sufquehannah R. <mpofite
Nelcopeck Falls, and Neftopeck Ci«ek»
l%\ miles N. E. from Northumberland
and Sunbury, at the junttion of tWe E4
with the W. branch of 'SufquehaM^
and 160 N. W. of Philadelphia. N.
lat. 41. 3.
Berwick, a tovmOiip in York eo.
Diftri£l of MaiiM, containing 3894 in-
habitants. It has an incorporate tw»*
demy, and lies on the E. iide ai Sal-
mon Fall R. 7 miles N. W. of Ya»k,
and 86 E. of N. from Bofton.
Bethabara, thefirft fettlemantcf
the Moravians in the lands of Wacho-
via, in N. Carolina, begun in 1753 ; 6
miles N. of Salem, and 183 W. of Hi-
lifax, in N. lat. 36. 9. It is fituated on
the W. fide of Graffy Creeik, whi<1s .
unites with the Gargales, and fevendi
others, and ialls into the Yadktp. ft
contains a church of the United Bredi-
ren, and about 50 dwelling houfes.
Bethaky, or Betbama, a Monnriaik,
fettlement and poft town, in the knde
of Wachovia, in N. Carolina, begun in
1760; 9 miles N. W. of Salem, 4 N.
W. of Bethabara, and 568 S. W. by S.
of Philadelphia. It contains about 60
houfes, and a church, built on a regubr
plan. See ffacbevia.
Bethe#, a fmall Moravian fettle-
ment on Swetara R. in Pennfylvanii*
12 miles from Mt. Joy.-'A townfliip
in Dauphin county.
Bethel, a townfliip in Windfor eo.
Vermont, containing 473 inhabitants ;
N. N. W. of, and bounded by Stock-
bridge, and about 67 miles N. N. eaft-
erly of Bennington. It £;ives rife to a
fmall branch of White River.
Bethel, a townftiip in Delaware
CO. Pennsylvania.
Bethlehem, a town in /Ibanyco.
New- York, very fruitful in paftures,
and has large quantities of excellent
butter. By the ftate cenfus of 1796,
388 of the inhabitants are electors.
Bethlehem, a townfliip in Betk-
fliire CO. Maflachufetts, having 161 in- ^
habitants. It lies about 10 3uk« &. pf
m BET
X. fivm Stockbridge, to fbm ttaox.
aad 1)0 from Bolton. It bordenon
Tyringham and Loudon.
Bkthlbubm, ft townfhip in Hun.
tenion co. New-Jerfey* Atuated at the
head of the S. branch nfRariton River.
It contain* 1335 inltabitant«» including
3t Aave«. Turf for firing is found bei-e.
Bbtuuihbm, atownlhipin Litch-
field CO. Conne£licut» joins Litchfield
oa the N. and Woodbury on the S.
Bbtulbubm, a poft town in North.
ampton co. Pennfylvaniay is a cele-
Itrated fettlement ot the Moravians, or
Ihtited Bretbrent of the Protdtant E^pif.
eopal church, as they term themselves.
It is fituatcd on Leliigh R. a weltern
branch of the Delaware, 53 miles north-
erly from Philadelphia, and 18 fouth-
crly fi-om the Ifvid Gap. The town
Hands partly on the lower banks of the
Maoakes, a fine creek, which affords
trout and other filh. The fituation is
bealthful and pleafant, and in lununer
is ireq\ientcd by gentry from different
parts^ In 1787, there were 60 dwelling
Buuiiss of Itone, well built, and 600 in-
hid>itanti. Befides the meeting houle,
are } other public buildings, large and
ipacious) one for the fmgle brcthien,
one for the fingle fillers, and the other
fer the widowsr The literary eftabli/h-
Bients* as well as tlie religious regula-
tioQS, here, deferve notice.— In a houfe
adjoining to the church, is a Iciiool for
.females { .and fince 1787, a boarding
ichool for young ladies, who are fent
here fi'om different parts, and are in*
ItruSled in reading and writing (in the
BngliHt and German ton||lies) gram-
mar, arithmetic, geograpliy, needle
work, roufic, Ssc. The minifter of the
;:lace has the diKAion of this a<i well
% of the bnyk* fchool, which is kept in
ft iepaiate houie, where they arc initi-
ated in the fuiidameutui branches of li-
trratiu-e. Theie fchools, elpecially that
for the young ladies, are de(i;ivedly in
very high repute { Snd fcholars, more
than can be accommodated, are otlered
from all parts of the United States.
There is at the lower part of the
town a machine, of fimple conttniflion,
which raileti the water, from a Ipring,
into a rrlervoir, to the iicight of 100
feet } whence it is conduced by pipes
into the ieveral (Ireets of the town.
There is a genteel tavern it the N.
end ot' the towjfi, tlte profit arjling from
BIE
which, belongt to the fbciety. Then
is alfo a ftore, with a general aflbrt-
meitt of goods, an apoithecary'a ihop»
a laree tan- yard, a currier*s, and a dy-
er's fli(U), agrift<mill, a fulling- mill^^ an
oil-mill, ana a faw-mill, ai)d on the
banks of the Lehigh, a brewery. N.
lat. 40. 37. W. long. 75* 14.
Bevf, Rtviertau, empties eaftward«
ly into Milfifippi R. in N. lat. 39. 4. )
about 48 miles, by the courfe of the
river, above the mouth of the Illinois*
and 7 miles S. from Riviere Oahaha.
Beuf, Small Le. See Le Boeufi,
Bkverly, a townfhip and poft town
in Eficx CO. Mafiachufetts, containing
3190 inhabitants, is feparated from Sa>
lem by a handfome bridge, And is about
zo miles £. cf N. of Bofton, and %% S.
W. of Newburyport. It has two pa-
riflies. In the parifli next the harbour,
are a number of handfome houfes, ex-
hibiting the cheering rewards of euter-
prife and induftry, and the inhabitants
are devoted to the filhery and other
branches of navigation. In the other
part of the town, which is chiefiy agri-
cultural, is a cotton manufaAory. The
bi idge, mentioned before, is 1 500 feet
in length, ertfltd in 1788, and connects
this town with Salem. It has a draw
tor veflTeis.
Beverly's Mutter, or IriJhTraff,
in Virginia, is a tinSi of land* in N. lat.
38. 10. at t!.e head of Maflanuten's R.
a weftcrn branch of the Shenandoah,
which rifes here by three branches, viz.
Middle R. Lewis and Chridian Creeks.
It lies between the Blue, and the ^forth
Ridge. The road from Yadkin River,
through Virginjia to Phdadelphia, pafTea
through here.
Biodles, a fettlement on a branch
of LickingR. in Bourbon co. Kentucky}
about 6 miles N. W. from Millers, oil
the N. £. fide of the fame branch, and
3* miles N. N. E. from Lexington.
BiODEFORD, a port of entry and poft
town in York co. Di(lri£l of Maine, on
the S. W. fide of Saco R. on the fea
coad, 14 miles S. W. from Portland,
24 N. E. from York, and 105 from Bof-
ton. It contains 101 S inhabitants;
and here the cuiinty courts are held, as
iikewife at York. N. lat. 43. 26.
BiEQUE IJlatiid, 01 BortaueHf or Crabs
IjlUf one of the Virgin ides, % leagues
trum Poi'to Rico, 6 leagues long, and
a broad. The English fettled here
twice
BIO
twice, and hwe been driren away by
the Span'wrU^t whofe intcreft tt ia to let
it rem.' in dfolate. It haa a rich i'otl,
and a good road on ita S. fide. Lat.
iS. t. N. Long. 64. JO. W.
Bio Bone Cruk, in Woodford co.
Kentucky, falls into the Ohio from the
E. in about N. lat. 39. i7.W.long. 85.
54.. It ia very fmall in fize, and has )
braneheaj the N. weftemmoft inter-
locks with Bank Lick Creek, which
falls into Licking R. It is only notice-
able for the large bonesj and i'alt licks
near it.
Big Bone Licks, The, lie on each
fide of the above mentioned creek, a
little below the junflion of the two
ealiem branches, about 8 miles from
the mouth of the creek. Thefe, as
alfo the other fait fprings, in the wetc-
ern country, are called Lich, becaufc
the earth about them ia furrow^ up
in a mod curious manner, by tlie buf-
faloes and deer which lick the earth,
on account of the faline particles with
which it is impregnated. A (tream • f
brackilh water runs through thele ticks,
thelbil of which is a fott clay.— The
large b«>nes found here, and in feveral
-other places near fait licks, and in low
fuft grounds, th( ught to bebne to the
mammoth, (liil puzzle the molt learned
naturalifts to determine to what animal
they have belonged. A thigh bone
found here by General Parfons, me.i-
fured forty-nine inches in length. A
tooth of this animal is depofited in
Yale College. Mr. JcfFerfon, who Jeems
to have examined the (keleton oi one
of thrCe animals with curious atten
tion, lays, that " The bones bcfiicak
an animal /<i/^ or fix times the cubic
vo'ameof an elephant," as M. Buflfon
has admitted. Of this animal the na-
tives have no tradition, but what is fo
fabuhus, that no conje£lnre can be
aided by it, except that tlie animal was
carnivv^rous ; and this is the general
opinion, and was admitted by the late
Dr. liuntr.T, of London, from an exa-
mination of the tulks, &c.
Big HtLLCrcf;(, runs W. into Kaf-
kalkias R.£ 5 miles below Beaver Creek,
1 7 above Blind Creek, anil z6 northerly
from the mouth of Kaikaflcias.
Biggin Swamp. See Santee River.
Bio Rocit, a large rock on the S. E.
bank of Au Vaze K. -, about 3 miles
N* E. from its n>outh iu the MiiTifippi,
110 #
and aliout t mile* S. B. from Cape St.
Antonio, on tfhat river.
Bio Rock Branchy the N. eafteni
head branch of Alleghany R. Th*
branch called Big Hole Town joint it*
aiKl forms tbe Alleghany, 1 5 mtlca N*
E. from, and above, Venango> Fort.
Big Salt Lick, a garrifon in tlw
ftateof Teneffee, near the Salt Lt«k,
on Cumberland R. ( 115 miles from
Knoxville ; 80 from South Wrft Pomt,
en Clinch R.; %z from Bledfoe Lick*
and 68 from Na(hville.
Big Sandy River, or Totfervy, has
its fource near that of Cumberland R. |
and, feparatingVirginia from Kentucky*
empties into the Ohio, oppofite the
French Purchafe of Galiopolis, in about
N. lat. 38. 30. Vancouver's and Har«
roar's forts ftand on this river. On ttt
banks are feveral fait licks and fprings*
Little Sandy, it a fliort, fmall river^
which falls into tlie Ohio, about so
miles W. of Big Sandy R, in Mafim
cu. Kentucky.
BiLLERiCA, a townfliip in Middb^
fex CO. Mafiacliuletts, incci-porated in
1655. It has laoo in'iabitants ; nof
has there been much variation in the
number for half k cf;niury. It lie« *«
miles nurthward of Bofton, and is wa-
tered by Concord and Shawdieen rivem,
-.vhich run N. eafterly into Merrimack
Rive>.
BiLLiKGSPORT, on Delaware River^
lies I a miles below Philadelphia, was
fortified in the late war, for the defence
of the channel. Oppofite this fort, listre-
rnl large fames of timber, headed
with iron fpikek, called cbevaux de
frixct, were limit to prevent the Britifll
(hips irom pafl'ng. Since the peace, a
curious macliiue lias been invented ia
Philadelphia, to raifc them. >
Billet. See Hatborough.
BiL^YMEAD, in Caledonia co. in
Vermont.
B I MINI IJle, rne of the Bahama
iflands, near the channel of Bahama,
and £. of Cape Florida. It is about
8 miles in length, and as much in
l>readth ; covered with trees, and inha-
bited by the aborigines of America. It
is very difBcult of accefs, on account
of the flioals ; but it ts a pleafant place,
and is laid to have a good harbour.
N, lat. 25. W. long. 79. 30.
BioBio, or Bit^hio, a river in Chili,
the largeft in that kingdom. It riftt '
ia
4^ n^VM
iatih* AacMt* «nt«« the 8» Sea neir (hr
city of ConceptioDf oppofitethe ifle.of
Af«|«iruM» Ut lat. 37. S,{ runuitig
llMWigh veins of gold and fields of far-
fyfuuUk. It it the boundary between
tM Spanianls and fevcral Indian na-
tion*^ their encoiiea) which obliges
|iMm to keep ftrong gurifons upon it.
. Biro Arf» on Mouongahela R. 40
■riles S. of Fort Pitt.
Birds Kiyu a rock or ifland among
thi Virgin iijU«s in the W. Indies. It is
foand, and lies about % leagues S. of
jM< John^s. It has its name from the
ouantities of birds which refort there.
^.,lat. 17. Si' ^' ^o^g' ^3* *<>'
BiRU, a town 10 leagues from Tnuc-
tUa> inthjB S. Sea> in the empire of Pe-
r«» inhabited ..by . about 80 Indians,
Spaniards, Mulattoes, and Meftees. It
is very fertile* and well watered by
canals «ut fixmi the river, and fo con-
veyed to neat diflancet ; as at Trux-
iUa. S.Tat. 8. 14. W. long. 69. 17.
Biscay Baj, is in theN. eaftemcor-
acr of TrepaUey Bay in the ifland of
Newfoundland; which lies iu the S.
taftera part of the ifland.
BiSCAYy a jM'ovince of Mexico,
triMoading in Hlver mines, having New-
McKico on the N. and Florida on the
W. The river de la NaflaK runs thro'
a mat part of it.
Black Lickt lies in Weflmoreland
CO. Pcnnfylvania, about 36 miles £. of
Pittfl>urgh.
Black Poini, and Blue Point, are
capca, within thofe of Elizabeth and
Porpoife, in the difiri£l of Maine.
Black R. There are two iinall
rivers of this name in Vermont, one
lalls intoConneAicut R. at Springfield,
the other nins N. into Lake Mcmphre-
Black R. in N. York, interlocks
ivith Canada Creek, and runs,N. W.
into Iroquois river, boatable 60 miles.
Alfi> a low river which rifes in Vir-
ginia, and pafles fouth eafterly into
iiottaway R. in N. Carolina.
Black Rivfr, a Britifli r<?ttlement
at the mouth of Tinto K. ao leagius to
the E. of Cape Honduras, the only har-
konr on the coaft of Terra Firma, from
fhe ifland of Rattan to Cape Gracias
a Dios, and was for more than 60 years
the rejfuge of the logwood cutters,
when the Spaniards drove them from
thcfoitfts4C£aft Yucatan, which oc-
B L A
cafloned adventurers of difftrent kindff
to fettle here, where the coaft is fandy,'
low and fwampy ; higher up near the
rivers and hgeons, which are fall of
fifli, the Toil is more fertile, and pro-
duces plantanes, cocoa- trecs^ maiie,
yams, potatoes, and a variety of vegeta-
bles} and the paflion for drinking
(pirits, made them plant fiigar canes.
The forefts are full of deer, Mexican,
Twine and game. The fliores abound
with turtle, and the woods with ma-
hogany, xebra-^ood, farfiLpirilla, Sec,
and indeed the whole fetMement flou-
ri/hes fpontaneoufly without cuUivation,
J}lack R. in the ifland of Jamaica,
pafles through a level country, is the
deeueft and largcft in the ifland, and
will admit flat bottomed boats an4
canoes for about 30 miles.
Blackstonb, a fmall R. which hat
its fouree is Rainfliorn pond, in Sut-
ton, Maflachufetts, and after pafling
, through Providence, empties into Nar-
; raganfet Bay at Briftol, receiving in its
courfe a number of tributary ttreams«
Bladen, a county of N. Carolina/
in Wilmington diftri£l. It has 508^^
inhabitants, including 1676 flaves.
Bladbn SB VRG, a poft town in Prince
George CO. Maryknd, on the eafterit
bank of the e^em branch of Potow*
mack R. at the confluence of the Hi
W. and N. E. branches ) 9 miles from
its mouth at the Federal City ; 38 S.
W. from Bahimore, and 11 N. £. from
Alexandria, in Virginia. It containf
about 150 houfcs, and a ware-houle
foi' the infpeiUon of tobacco.
Blaize, Capt, on the coaft of W^
Floridc in the gulf of Mexico, is a
promontory which feparates the bay of
Apalache on the E. from that ot St.
Jofeph ; into which laft it turns in the
fliape of a flicpherd's crook.
Blanca, a river in the province of
Chiapa, in the audience of Mexico, in
New-Spain, North America. Its water
is faid to have a petrifying quality, yet
is clear, and docs no hai'm to man oi'
beaft that drinks of it.
Blanco Capes. There are many
capes of this name, as follow, i . The
N. weftern point of the bay of Salinas,
in the 10th degree of N. latitude; and
on the coaft of I'erra Firma; and, In
other maps, is calkd the N. wefttin
point of the gulf of Ntcoya.«>2. Qa
the coaft of Culifaiiua, at the brondeft
jparfc
I vine in its
BLO
part of the pailnrula, in .Hi jtd degree
ptN. latitude.— 3. Oathe )l. W. coaft
pf America, in New. Albi« a» fouthward
of the mouth of what hae been called
the Rh/if tftht fFf/» in the 44th de-
gree of N, latitude.-^. A pnmiontary
of Peru, in 8. America, on the coaft of
the ^. Sea, aie miles S. W. of Guaya-
quil, S. lat. 3. 45. W, Umg. S3,->^5. A
f ape in the foutbem ocean, on the E.
fide of Paugonia, S. ea^ward of Julian
Bay, in the 47th degree of S. latitude*
8 leagues W. of Pepys's Illand,
Blanco, or Blancat an ifland 35
leagues from Terra Firma. and N. of
Iviargarita I. in the province of New-
Andalufia. It i* flat, low, and unin-
habited) having favannahs of long
grafs } i$ dry and healthy ; has plenty
pf guanas, and fome trees of ligniun-
vitae. N. lat. 1 1. 50. W. long. 64. 50.
Blakco, an ifland on the S. eaftem
part of the peninfula of Yucatan, in
^ew-Spain. N, lat. 11. W. long. 88. £•
Blanoford, a>townihip in Lunen*
burg CO. on Mahon Bay, Nova-Scotia,
fettkd by a few families.
Blandford, a townfhip in Hamp-
fliir; CO. Mafllichufetts, W. of Connec-
ticut R. ; about 25 miles S. W. of
Northampton, and 116 W. of Bofton.
It has 23 5 houfes, and 1416 inhabitants..
Bla^dford, a town in Prince
George CO. Virginia, about 4 miles N.
$:. iv6m Peterfl}urgh, and is within its
jurifdiftipn. It contains aoo Iioufes
and lioo inhabitants, and is pleal'antly
fituated on a plain, on the eaftem
branch of Appamattox R. Hce are
many large ftor^s, and 3 tobacco ware-
houi'cs, u-hich receive annually 6 or
7000 hhds. It is a thriving place ; and
the marflies in its vicinity being now
diaihed, the air of this town, and that
pf Peterfljiirgh, is much meliorated.
Blas St. a cape on the coaft of
the North Pacific Ocean, near which,
to the S. E. ftands the town of Com-
poftclla, in the province of Zalifca, in
New-Spain.
Bledsoe Lickt in the (late of Te-
pefl'ee, lies 3a miles from Big Salt Lick
ganiibn, and 36 from Nafhv-lle.
Blenheim, a new town of New-
York, in Schoharie co. incorporated in
Block IJland^ called by the Indians
ManiJ'es, hes about ai miles S. S. W.
p{ Newport) and u in Newpprt co.
(tale of Rhftd«4fland. It
into a towniiipy namtd Nnv-SteM^
bam, in ii7a« This ifland i« 46 milw
in length, and its extreme breadth to'
38 rniNM. It hat 68s inhabitants, ii^<
cMing 47 flaws. It is famou* fdt
cattle and flieep, butter and chctAs
round th« edge* of the iQand <Mk
fiderable quanties of cod fifli ««
caught. The fouthem pan of it U to
N. Tat. 41. 8.
Blocklby, a townfliip in Philad^-
phia cp. Pennfy'^ania.
BLOOMriBLD, a townfliip in Onte.
rio CO. Nevr- Yoric, By the ftate tm--
fus of 1796, i5tof theinbabitantiwcfV
ele6lprs. . . _ _
Blopmino r<e/!r, a tn& of land lit '
the townfliip of Manlius, New- York
ftate, on Butternut Creek. '
Blouht, anew cotmtyin the ftact
of TeneflTee.
Blountsville, inN. Carolina, It
on the poft road from Halifax to Ply-
mouth, 49 miles from Plynunitb, and
55 frpm Williamftown.
Blvefields Bay, lies S. caftwaid
of Savannah-la-mar, In the ifland ef
Jamaica, having good anchorage for
J?rge vefTcIs. N.lat. 18. io|. W.long,
'/«■
Blvehill, a fcwiifUip in Hancock
co.Diftri6l of Ma>ne,on the W. fide of
Union R. 344 miles N. £. of Bofton*
and 13 K. of Peiiobfcot j having 274
inhabitants.
Blue Hill Bay, is formed by Naf-
keag Point -on the W. and Mount De-
iart I. on the £. It extends northerly
up to a mountain on the £. of Penob-
icot R. which, from its appearance at
fea, is called Blue Hill. Union R.
empties into this bay.
Blue Hills, a range of mountains ill
New England ; whofe firft ridge in
New-Hamp(hire palTes thio' Rochefter,
Barringtun, and Nottingham.
Blue Mountains, in Northampton
cw. Pt-nnfylvaiiia, extend from S. W. to
N. £. and a fhort way acrofs the Delcu
ware.
Alfo, a range of mountains which run
from S. E. to N. W. through Surry
CO. in the ifland of Jamaica.
Blue Rid^e. The firft ridge of the
Alleghany Mountains, in Pennlylvauia
and Virginia, is called the Blue Kidge ;
and is about 1 30 miles from the Atlan.
tic. It is about 4000 feet high, mea-
faring
4i l^OH
Avine from Iti bafi; ) and between it
and the North Mountain it a Urwt kt-
tile vale. The paflage of the Potow.
mack throtifirh this ridge is one of the
moft 4upendous fcenes in nature. See
AUtgkanj Mountains^ and Potowmack
Mitfer.
Blui Licks, on the main branch of
Licking R. in Kentucky,, are fituated
about 8 miles wefterly from the Upper
Blue Licks. Both are on the N. ea(i:'
cm fide of the river) the latttrr it about
15 miles N. E. of Millers.
BlLVU. Spr'mgt lies between Big Bar-
ren and! 'tili* Barren river, S. branches
of Green R. in Mercer's co. Kentucky ;
about t» miles S. \we(terly from Sul-
phitrSprhig, and i^ S. 0^' Craig's fort,
OD the N. iide of Green R.
Blue Stotus Creek f a Tmali wcikm
branch of the Great Kaiih<tv/ay.
'Bocca-Chic/., the (trait or entrance
into the harbour of Carthagena, in Terra
Firma, S. America ; defended by feve^
rol forts and guns, which were all taken
by the BritiHi forces in 1741.
BoccA-DF.L-DRAGo,aftrait between
the ifland of Trinidad ^nd Andalufia, in
the province of Terra Firma, S. Ame>
rica.
Bodwe'.lV Falls, in Merrimack R.
lie between Anr^ovcr ami Methuen,
about $miles below Patvicket Falls. A
company was incorporated in Feb. 1 796,
for building a bridge near thiv fpot )
between the two dates of Madkchufetts
and Nevv-Hampniire.
BoEUF, Ley a place in the N. weft-
em cornrr of Peunrylv^nia, at the head
of the N. branch of French Creek, ai.J
50 miles from Fort Franklin, where
tliis Crcckb joins the Alleghany ; nita-
fuiing the diftar.ce by water. The
Frtnch foft of Le Boeuf, from which
the place has it name, layabout « milts
It" from Small Luke, which is on the N.
braiirh o^ French Creek j and from Le
Boeuf, there is ;\ pottajjc of 14. miles
Dorther'y to Prefque Ifle, in Lake Erie j
where the French had another fort.
From Le Boeuf, to Prclque Ifle, is a
continued clieliiut- bottom Iwamp (ex-
ccpt for about one mile from the tcr-
nitT, and two from ihe latter) and the
roatl between thele two places, for 9
mites, 1 5 years ago, was made with
logs, laid upon the fwamp. N. lat.
t^'j.. X. W. long. 79. 53. lo.
B<^U£MiAj a hroad, navigable river,
BON
TO miles long, which rum W. N. Vf»
info Elk Riverf in Maryland, tt mile*
bek)w Elkton.
BoHio,a river of Chili,inS. America.
BoLAiOLA, one of the Stdtty IJUs,
which fee.
BoLiNBROKB, a town in Talbot co.
eaftern (hore of Maryland, and 5 miles
£. of Oxford: It lies on the N. W.
point of Choptank River.
Bolton, a townlhip in Chittenden
CO. Vermont, un Onion R. about J04
miles N. N. E. from Bennington, hav»
ing 88 inhabitants.
Bolton, a f.ov/nfliip In Tolland co.
Connecticut, incorpoiatedu) 1710; anr^
wa- iltllel Irom Weaihei'sfitiil, Hart-
ford, and Windlbr, 14. nrles £. from
Hartford.
Bolton, a townfliip in Worcefter
CO. MafTachufitts { 18 miles N. E..
from Worcefter, and h W. from Boi".
ton. It cuncains S6i inhabitants.—*
There is a hue bed of limeftone in this
town, from vhirn cinfiderable quanti<
ties ot good lime are made yearly.
BoMBARDE,a fort and villageonthe
north peniitAila of St. Domingo Idand,
about 3 leagues N. of La Plate Forme {
6 S. £, of the Mol<^, and xs from Port
de Paix, as tlie rnad luns. N. lat.
19. 4t.
Bombay Hook,»n ifland at the mouth
of Delaware R. about 8 miles long and
% broad, formed by the Delaware on
the eaftern fide, and Duck Creek and
Little Duck Creek on the Maiyland
fide; thefe are united together by a
natural canal. It is propoled to con-
ned Delaware R. with Chei'npeak Bay,
by a canal from Duck Creek to that
bay, through Chefter R. See Chef'r
Rivuf. The N. W. end of Bombay
Hook is about 47 miles from Capes
Htnlopen and May, from tlie K )ok to
Reedy I. is 9 m<lcs.
Bombazine RapLts, o»i a^iver, in
Lincoln co. Dillrid of Maine, are
navignblp for bo<its with fome lading,
ac a middling pitdi < f water. They
took thtir name from Bumbazire, an
Jndian v/arrior, who was Hain by the
Engli/h in attempting to rrofs the\n
Bomba;(ine, a take, 7 or 8 miles
longj in the townflii. :f Caftleton, R«t-
/aiid CO. Vermont.
Bonaire, an ifland, almoft unin-
habited, on the coail of Vcnizuda, in
the kingdom of T'evra Firms, about 44
leagues
* V
\ ^
:B 06
. iskteM from the continent^ wM- 14 fi.
of Ciira9oa» and belongs to the Dutch.
It U about iS leagues in eor:r>^rt. and
hat a good bay and road uri the 8^ W.
fide, near the ihiddle of the ifland.
Here formerly were a fcv^ hodfts, tfnd
a fort with a lew Ibldlefe. There we^e
alfo 5 or 6 Indian families who planted
maisetyams, pJotatoes,&c. There irt
plenty of cattle and goats, which the^
fend falted to Cura^oa annual ly .- There
is a fait pond here, where the Dutch
tome for fait. N. lat. i s. 16. Wi long.
68. tSi
BoNARi^Y's Poini, on the fouthern
fide of Chalcur Bay, is at the north-well
extremity of Eel river cove, and forms
the Ibuth limit of the mouth bf Rifti.
gouche river.
BoNAVBNTVRA, « bav, harVour,
knd fort, of 8; America, in Papayan, 90
miles E. of Cali. N. lat. 3. to. W.
long. 75. 18. It is the ftaple port of
Can, Papayan, Sante Fe^ &c.
BoNAVENTUREj on the northern fide
bf Chaleur Bay, lies about 3 leagues from
New.Carllfle, which is now called Ha-
milton: It was a place m confiderable
commerce, but is now declined.
BbNAVtsTA, Cape and Bof (ft li^ on
the E. fide of Newfoundland Ifland.
The cape lies in N. lat. 48. 15; W.
long 51; %ii and was difcovered by
John Cahot,- afid his fon Sehaftian,' in
1497, in the fervice of Henry VII. Icing
of England. The bay is formed by
this cape and that of Cape Precis, 1 5
leagues apart;
BonHamtown, in MKIdlefex co.
New-Jerfey, lies about 6 miles N. E.
from New-Brunfwick.
BoONE Bay, lies on the W. fide of
Newtbandland I ; 21 leagues N. byE.
of St. George's Haibour. 14. lat. 49.3 5.
E ^ONETON, n. fihall pdft town in SUC
fex CO. New-Jerfey, on the poft road
between Rockaway and Suffex court-
houfe! 116 miles from Philadelphia. .
RooN IJland, on tht coaft of the
Dirtrlft of Maini, between the mouth
of York R. anr* Cape Neddock.
BcoNst'ORbCGH, in Maddifon eo.
Kentucky, lies on the £. fide ol- Ken-
rucky R.' at the mo'jth of Otfer Creek,
30 miks S. E. of Lexington, and the
fame diltancc N. E. from Diiiville. N,
fat. 37. S7.
BooN'r Creek, a fiiaall N. biMncbof
Kentucky R. s
B O 8 'Qf9
BooTk Bayt a town' and bay oh thtt
coaft of Lincoln co. Difiri£l of MaihieV
in N. lat. 41. 4s. about % miles weft of
VtMix^M Point. The bay ftretches
vvith'ih th^ land about it miles, and re-
ceives two fmall ftreams. On It is m
town, having 997 inhabitants.
B6p<;^Ai^, or M*^attt Bay, on the
£; fide ot L. Champlain, is fituatcd in
Swantown, Vermont, and has Hog I. ok
the N. at the mouth of Michifcoui R.
Bo^BT R. paflcs through the town
of Willfiliorough, in Clinton co; New-
York, and is navigable for boats aboii't
t miles f and is there interrupted by
falls, on which are mills. At this place
are the remains of an entrenchment
thrown up by General Burgoyne.
BoRDENTOWfl, a ple&fant town in
Burlington co. New-Jerl'ey, is fituated
at the mouth of Crofswick*8 Creek, on
the E.- bank of a great bend of Delaware
R. ; 6 miles below Tren'ton,' 9 N. E;
from Burlington, by water, and i s by
landi and 94 miles N. E. from Phila>>
delphia i and through this town, whitii
contains about lOo houfes, a line of
ftages paflcs from New- York to Phila-
delphia. The fecond divifion of Hef-
fians was placed in this town, in De-
cember, 1776; and bv (lie road lead-
ing to it,,ieo men of that nation efcair-
ed, when Geri. Waflringtpri farprilecl
and made prifoners of 88^ privates^
and 13 Heflfan officers, at Trenton.
B0R19UEN, or Crabs Ifiand. See
Bieque.
Boron B, Lb, a town on the north
fide of the northern penin'fula of the
ifland of St. Domingo, 3 leagues W.
by N; of Port Margot, and 8 E. by S.
of Port de Paix. N. lat. 19. 4.9.
liORjA, a town it\ Peru, fituated on
the head waters of Amazon River.
BbRj A, a town in Brazil, on the S.
eadern bank of Uraguay River. S. lat.
29. 15. W. long. 5<r. 30.
Boscawen, a townftiip in Hillfbo^.
rough CO. New-Hampflrirej on theweft-
ern bank of Merrimack R. above Con-.
co^f 43 miles N. W. of Exeter,- and
38 S. E. oF Dartmouth College 5 hav-
ing 1108 inhabitants. Bofcawen Hills'
are in this neighTiourhood.
Boston, the capital ofthe fta'e of
Malfachufetts, the largeft town in New-
England, and the third in fize and lank
in the United States, lies in 42. 23. 1 5*
N. lat. and 70. 58. 53. W. long. This
I> tow^
4f
_.v
f* ton
ft»wnt with the t«wn> of Hhighanii
Chelfea and Hall, ewftitute tlie county
of Siiflfolki 176 mika S. W. of Wif.
caflct, 61 S. by W. of Portl'mouth,
164 N. £. of New>Hnven, 15* N. E.
of NtwYork, 347 N.E. of a Philadel-
phia, and 500 N. E. of the eitjr of
WafliUigton. Bofton it built upon a
|Kninliini of irregular form at the bot-
toiti of Maftehufctts Bay, and is join-
ed to the main Jand by an ifthmua on
the (bttth end of the town leading to
Koxbury. It !• two miles lonir, but is
of unequal breadth { the broadcft part
U 7*6 yards. The peninfula contains
ftbout 700 acres (other acconntn fay
tooo) on which are a 3 76 dwelling
bpufes. The nambcr of inhabitants in
S790wa« 18,03s, but the increase has
hem very confiderable fince. The
town ia interfefted by 97 ftreetSf 36
lanes, and *6 alleys, hemes 1 8 couits,
ttc. moft of thefe are irregular, and
not very convenient. State- ftrcet,
Common-ftreet, and a few othera, are
exceptions to tliil seneral chara^lrr}
Che tormer is very msidous, and being
on a line wkh Long wharf, where ftran-
gers uftuUy land* exhibita a flattering
idea of the town.
Hefc are nineteen edifices for public
warflttp, of which nine are for Congre-
gationalifts, three for Epifcopaliaiis, and
two for Baptifts j the Friends, Roman
Catholics, Methodifts, Sandemanians,
and4Jniverralifts have one each. Moft
of thefe are ornamented with beautiful
fjpiret, with clocks xa' bells. The
other public buildii^s are the State-
Houfe, Coart-Houf'e, two Theatres,
Concert HaU, Faneuil Hall, Gaol, an
Alms-Houl'e, a Work-Houfe, a Bride-
well and Powder Magazine. Franklin
Place, adjoining Fcderal-ftreet Theatre,
is a great ornament to the town; it
contains a monument of Dr. Franklin,
from whom it takes its name, and is
cncompaifixl on two (ides with build-
ings, which, ia point of elegance, arc
not exceeded, perhaps, in the United
States. Here are kept in capacious
rooms, given and fitted up for the pur-
poie, the Bofton Library, and the valu-
able Colle£Vions of the Hiftorical Society.
Moft of the public buildings are hand-
forae, and fome of them are elegant.
Aroapuficent State-Houfe is now ett&-
SB^ in Bofton, on the S. Ade of Beacon
fiill, fronting the Mall, the comer ftone
of which was laid with great f«rmdit^
and parade 011 tlie 4th of Julyy 179^}
and which overtop* the monument on
Beacon Hill.
The Market Place, in which Pancuil
HaU is fituatcd, i> fupplied with all
kinds of proviiions which the country
affbrda. The fifli market inparticulary
by the bounteous fvppliet of the ocean
and rivers, not only himiibea the rich
with the rareft proouAion*) but often
provides the poor with a cheap and
grateful repaft.
Bofton Harbour, is formed by Point
AUerton on the S. and by NahanC
Point on the N. The harbour is capa-
cious enough for joo veflel* to ride at
anchor in good depth of water ) whilft
the entrance i» (o narrow as fcarcely
to admit two ftiips abreaft. It it va«
ricked with about forty iflands, of
whKh fifteen only can be properly
called fo ; the others being fmall rocka
or banks' of land, flightly covered with
verdure. Thefe iflands aiibrd excellent
pafturaee, hay and grain* and fumifti
agreeable places of refoit in fummer to
partie* ot pleafure. Caftle Ifland is
about three miles from the town; its
fortifications, formerly called Caftle
Willianr* defend the entrance of the
harbour. It is ganrifoncd by about 50
foldiers, who Icrve as a gusird for the
convifls^ who are fent here to hard
labour. The conviAs are chiefly em*
ployed in making nails.
The Ligltt-Houfe ftands on a fmaU
ifland on the N. entrance of the chan»
nel, (Point Alderton and Nantaflcet
Heights being on the S.) and is about
65 feet high. To fteer for it from Cape
Cod, the courfe is W. N. W. when
within one league of the Cape } fiom
Cape Cod to the Light-Houle is about
16 leagtues f from Cape Ann the courfe
is S^ W. iliftant 10 leagues. A cannon
is lodged and monnt^ at the Light
Houfe to anlwer fignals.
Only feven of the iflands in the bay
are within the juril'di^liun of the town^
and taxed with it, viz. Noddle's, Hog,
Long, IXer, Spectacle, Governor's and
Apple Iflands.
The whatves and quays b Bofton
are about eighty in number, and vetf
convenient fur vefl«:ls. Long Whair,
or Bofton Pier, in particular, extendi
' from the bottom at State- ftteet 1743
feet into the kubour in aAraight line.
BOS
*tht breftdth U 104 fieet. At the end
■re 17 feet of water at ebb tidek Ad'
joining to this wharf on the north ii a
ronvcnient wharf pA\«d Minot's T,
from the name of its former proprietor
«nd it« form. VclTeU are fupplied here
with frefli water from a well fiiirounded
by fait water, which hae been dug
at a great expence. Long Wharf i«
coverra on the north fide with Urge
and conunodioui ftorei, and in every
refpeft exceeds any thing of the kind
in the United States. In February,
I79<, a company was incorporated to
cut a canal oetween this harbour and
Roxbury, which is nearly completed.
The view of the town as it is ap>
{•roached from the fea, is truly beauti-
ill and piilurefque. It lies in a circu-
lar and pleaHngly iri'egular form round
the harbour, and is ornamented with
fbires, above which the monument of
Beacon Hill rifes pre-eminent % on its
top is a gilt eagle bearing the arms of
the Union, ancTon (he bafe of the co-
lumn are infcriptions, commemorating
fome of the moll remarkable events of
the late war. Beacon hill is the high,
eft ground on the peninfula, and af>
fords a mod delightful and extenHve
profpefl. The Common below it con>
tains about 45 acres always open to
retrefliincr breezes; on its eaft Hde is
the Mall, a very pieafant walk above
500 yards iii length, adorned with rows
of trees, to which an addition of about
100 yards has been lately added.
Charles River and Well Bufton bridges
are highly ufcful and oi-namental to
Bodon ) and both at« on Charles River,
which mingles its waters with thofe
of Myflic River, in Bofton harbour.
Charles River bridge conuefls Bofton
with Charlellown in Middlefex county,
and is 1503 feet long, 4.1 feet broad,
ftands on 75 piers, and coll the fubl'cri-
bers 50,000 dollars. It was opened June
19, 1787.
Feet long.
Weft Bofton ViJge ftands on
180 piers, is 3483
Bridge over the gore, 14 piers, 275
Abutment Bofton fide, 87I
Caufeway, J34
Diftatice from the end of the
Caufeway to Cambridge
meeting-houle, 7810
idth of the Bridge, 40
. Tklit be:iutif^l bridge exceeds the {
ioi
»
other St nracli th elegance al In Idkgfli^
•nd coft the Aibfcribcrs 7^,700 dolian*
Both bridses have draws for the ad*
midion or veflels, and lamps for tht
benefit of evening paflcngers.
Seven Free Schools are Aipported
here at the public expence, in which
the children of every clalii of cititent
may freely aflbciate together. Th«
number of fcholars is computed at
about 900, of which 160 arc taught
Latin* Ssc. There are bcfidcs theft
msmy private fchools.
Ine principal focicties in the Com*
monwealth hold their meetings in thif
town, and are, the Marine Society^
American Academy of Arts and Sci«
encei, Maflachufetts Agricultural Sor
ciety, MnflQichuretts Charitable Society^
Bofton Epifcopal Charitable Society^
Maftachuletts Hiftorical Society, So-
ciety for propagating the Gofpel, MaT-
lachufetts Congregational Society, Me*
dical Society, Humane Society, Bofton
Library Society, Bofton Mechanic AT*
fociation. Society for the aid of Emi-
grants, Charitable Fire Society, an^^
A:ven refpeflable Lodges of free tad
accepted Mafons.
The foreign and domeftic trade of
Bofton is very confiderable, to fupport
which there are three Banks, viz. the
Branch of the United States Bank, the
Union, and the Maflachufetts Bank|
the latter confifts of 800 fliares of coo
dollars, equal to 400,000 } the capital
of the Union Bank is, i,aoo,ooo dollars*
400,000 of which i« the property of the
State.
In 1748, 500 veflels cleared out of
this port for, and 430 were entered
from, foreign parts. In 1784, the en-
tries of foreign and coaliing veflelt
were 372, and the clearances 450. Ii|
1794, the entries from foreign ports
were 567. In 1795, thefe entries
amounted to 725, of which the fliips
were 91S, barques 3, fnows 9, polacre i*
brigs 185, dogger i, fcluMmers 362,
flialiop I, and floops 65. The princi-
pal manufaflures confilt of rum, loaf-
liigar, beer, fail-clodi, cordage, wool
and cotton cards, playing cards, pot
and pearl aflies, paper hangings, hats,
plate, glafs, tebacco^^-and chocolate.
There aie thirty diftilleries, two brew-
eries, eight fugar houles, and ekvcn
ropewalks.
£ight years ago, the Inlrrcourfe with
Pa the
P B O t
th* cttmliy birtly ttqiiirtd ttm ftagei
•ad tVirclVt horfetf oo the gntit road
iMtwccn this ind New-Havcn» dillant
1A4 Miles i whereas there are now
%t carriaeei ilml iro horfcs employed.
T)ie number of the different ftages that
ran tht<Migh the week from this town is
ut>wards of «ot eight years ago there
*rere only three.
Attempts have been made to chanp
the government of the town from its
preftnt form to that of a city ) but this
meafure, not according with the demo-
cratic fpirit of the people, has as yet
ftiled. At an artnual meeting in March,
table SeleAmen are chofen for the ^-
vemmefit of the town ; at the fame time
ft rcchoftH a Town Clerk, a TreaAirer,
tt Overfeers of the Poor, «4 Fire-
<*ards. It Clerks of the Market, li
Scavengers, la Conftables, befides a
nmnber of other officers. If the inha-
bitiints do not reap all the advant'.jes
th^ have a right to expeft from iheir
numerous officers, it is not for want
of wholefome laws for the regulation
of the weights, meafurcs and quality
of provifions, or othrr branches of po-
lice, but, hitaufe tit lanus are not put
M mtattion,
Befides thofe called Trained Bands,
there are four other military companies
in Bofton, viz. the Ancient and Ho-
nolirable Artillery Company, the Cadets,
Fufileers and Artillery. The Ancient
and Honourable Artillery Company
was incorporated in 11638, and the elec-
tion of a captain and officers of it for
the year is on the fiift Motidav in June
annually, which is obferved here as a
day of feftivify. Several officers in the
American aimy, who fignalized them-
felves in the late war, received their
firlft knowledge of taAics in this mili-
tary frhool.
fioflion was ivttled as early as 1631,
from Charleftown ; it was called Shau-
tnut by the Indians j Tnmoontain by
the fettlci's in Charleftown, from the
view of its three hills; and had its
Srefent naiVie in token of refpfiEl to the
lev. Mr. Cotton, a minifter of Boftnn
in England, And afterwards minittcr of
the firft church her';. Botton was
matly damaged by an earthquake in
Ofto!)er 49, J1737, and fince that time
has fuffered feveiely by numerous fires,
tli: houfes being moftly built of wood.
The iaft large fire happened July 30,
BO U
1704, tnd eondimed 96 houfta, ropjM
walka, ^c. and the account of loflwa
given In by the fufferers amoonted t«
109,^61 dollars.
It was in Bofton that the Revolution
originated which gave independence to
America, and from thence flew like
an elcArical (hock throughout tht
Union. It fliifered much at the com-
mencement of the war, by the lofs of
an extenfive trnde, and other ealamitiea.
Bofton feels a pride in haviiiar given
birth to Benjamin Franklin, and a num-
ber of other patriots, who were among
the moft aftive and influential charac-
ters in effe£ling the revolution.
Boston Corner, a traA of land ad-
joining; Mount Wafliington, Berkfliirt
CO. Maflachufetts, containing 67 inha*
bitants.
Boston, New, a townfliip in Hillf-
borough CO. New-Hampfhire, contain-
ing not inhabitants} is miles S. W.
by W. from Amulkeag Falls } 60 miles
W. of Portfinouth, and a like diftance
N. W. of Bofton.
Botetourt, a county in Virginia**
on the Blue Ridge, W. of which are
the Sweet Springs, about 41 miles from
the Warm Springs. Its chief town if
Fincaftle.
Bcttlehill, a village in Somerfet
CO. New-Jerfey, 1 miles N. W. from
Chatham, and 15 N. W. of Elizabeth-
town.
BOUDoiti, Lb, a fmall ifland in die
Pacific Ocean, S. lat. 17. 51. W. long,
from Paris, 15.25. difcovercd April a,
1768, by Bovigainville. This ifland, the
year before, had been difcovered by
Wallis, and named Ofnaburg.--The
natives call it Maitea, ace 'din^ to
the report of Capt. Cook, \ o vifited
it in 1769. Quiros dilcovcred this
ifland in 1 606, and called it la Dexana.
See Ofnaburg,
BouoAiNViLLE^s Straits, are at the
N. W. end of the ifles of Solomon.
Bougie Inlet, on the coaft of North
Carolina, between Cure Sound and J <t-
tle Inlet.
BouNPBROOK, a village inSomerfet
CO. New-Jerfey, on the N> bank of
Rariton River,
Bourbon, a county, laid out and
organized in the year 1785, by the
State of Georgia, in the fouth-weft
corner of the State, 9n the Miffi-
fippi, including the Natchez country.
The
10 Y
tlie Uiwi of Ocorgit were nemr carried
Into effeA in this county, and it hut
beca wndtrlbe jurifdiAion of the Spa-
niard! fince their conqucft of this pan
of the coiintij in i7to, till It was
given up to the United States by the
treaty ot 1795. The law of Georgia,
cftabiifliinff the county of Bourbon,
is now in firce. See Louifiana.
Bourbon Fort, in the tfiand of
Martinico, in the Weft-Indies.
Bourbon Co. in Kentucky, between
Licking and Kentucky rivers, con-
tains 7837 inhabitants, including 908
ilaves.
Bourbon, a poft town and capital
of the above county, ftands on a point
. of land formed by two of the fouthern
branches of Licking R.; »x miles N.
E. oi Lexington, ti eafterly of Leba-
non, and 749 w. S. W. from Philadel-
phia, and contains about 60 houlVs, a
Baptift church, a court-houft and eaol.
There are li;veral valuable mills in its
vicinity.
Boiy, is a townflilp in Rockingham
eo. New-Hampfliire, on the W. t>ank
-of Merrimack R.a little S. of Concord.
53 milesfiomPortrmoutlf. It contains
568 inhabitants.
BowDOiN, a townlhip in Lincoln
eo. diftri£l of Maine, on the N. eaftern
bank of Androfcoggin R. } diftant from
York N. eafterly, 36 miles, and from
the mouth of Kennebeck R. 6 miles,
and 166 N.E. ofBofton. It contains
983 inhabitants.
BowDOiNHAM, a townlhip in Lin-
coin CO. diftrift of Maine, feparated
from Pownalborough E. and Wool-
wich S. £. by Kennebeck R. It has
4-55 inhabitants, and lies 171 miles N.
£. fromBofton.
Bowling Greeny a village in Vir-
ginia, on the poft road, as miles S. of
Frederickftiurg, 48 N. of Richmond,
and 15 N. ot Hanover court-houfe.
Boxborough, a townftiip in Mid-
dlefex CO. MaiTachufetts, containing
4.11 inhabitants } 30 miles N. W. from
Bofton.
BoxvoRD, a fmall townlhip 'n P.iTex
CO. Maflachuletts, having 91, > . in^bi-
tants. It lies on the€. E. fide of Mer-
fimack R. 7 miles wefterly of Newbury-
port. In the fouthemraoft of its two
parifties is a bloomery.
BorisTON, a townfhip in Worcef-
tcr CO. MaOiichufctta, having S39 In-
• R A a
habttuitai le milca N. B. of Worcef-
ter, and 45 N. W of Bofton. It wm
incorporated in 17I6, having been •
parilh of Shrewfbnry (inee 174% | and
contains by ftirvey, 14,39c acres of
land, well watered, and of a rich foil*
BozRAH, a town in New- London
CO. Connecticut, fbrmeily a pariili fai
the town of Norwich, 36 milca B. fran
Hartford.
BRADDOCR'i FitJd, the olace where
Ocn. Braddock, with \\\9 nrft divifion
of his army, confifting of 1400 menf
fell into an ambufcaJe of 400 men,
chiefly Indians, bv whom be wu de-
feated and mortally wounded, July 9,
i75$> The American militia^ who
were difdainfully turned In the rear,
continued unbroken, and ferved as a
rear guard, and, under Col. WaOiing-
ton, the latePrefident of thcU. S. A.
prefirrved the regxilars from being en«
tirely cut off. It is fituated on Turtle
Creek, on the N. E. bank of Monon-
fahela R. ( miles E. 8. E. from Piltf-
urg.
BraddockV Btfy, on the S. fide of
Lake Ontario, 4a milea W. from Great
Sodus, and 65 E. from Fort Niagan.
Bradford, £«/: ivAWefittxt town-
(hips inChefterco. Pennfylvania.
Bradpord, a townlhip in EflTcx co.
MaiTachufetts, fttuated on the S. fide
of Merrimack R. oppofite Haverkil),
and 10 miles W. of Newbuiy port. It
has two parilhes, and 1371 inhabitants.
Quantities of leather flioes are mmle
here tor exportation { and in the low-,
er parifh I'ome veflels are built. Seve-
ral ftreams fall into the Merrimack
from this town, which fupport a num-
ber of mills of various kinds.
Bradford, a townfliip in Hillflio-
rough CO. New-Hampfliire, containing
117 inhabitants, incorporated in 1760 {
sc- miles E. of Charleftown.
Bradford, a townlhip in Orange
CO. Vermont, on the W. bank of Con-
necticut R. about lo-miles above Dart-
mouth College, havinK654 inhabitants.
There is a remarkable ledge of rocks
in this townfliip, -as much as aoo feetv
high. It appears to hang over, and
threaten the traveller as he pafles. The
fpace between this ledge and ConneAi-
cut River is fcarcely wide enough for «
road.
Braoa, Ha, now F<Ht Dauphin, In
tbciflandofCuba. -. .
D s Braintru
*
14
BRA
Ba^MTltKf , « townlhipin Onmge
jCO. Vennon», lie* 75 milei If. nftward
jof^ttanngton. It joint Kingftoniweft-
•wwn), Ritiulolph on the eaftward, and
contains 1*1 inhabitant*.
^K<.iNTREE, one of the moft ancient
tiKvolhiL ) in Norfollc co. in the ftate
of Mmachufetts, was fettled in 16*5,
W)4 tlien called Mount H^aolajlea, fron>
the name of lis founder. It lies on a
bay, 8 milvi E. of S. from Bofton, and
contained) before itfd>vilion,40ohoufcs
wvi »77i inhabitant*. Great quanti-
tie* of granite ftonet are fcnt to fiofton
Jiram this town for fale. The bay
abounds with filh and Tea fowl, and
paiticulaiiy brantu This town is noted
lor having produced, in former and lat-
ter timtsi the Aril cliaiaAers both in
church aiKlCate} and, in diftant ages,
will derive Vo fmall degite of fams, for
having givso birth to JoH|i Adams,
the ftrft Vice-P)efident, and the lecond
Prelident of the Vntid Statts tf Ante-
ricm\ a msii.. highly diftinguifiied for
his patriotifm, a* a citizen ; hit ji H^'e,
Integrity, and talents, as a lawyer } his
yrotoun^ and extenfive erudition, as a
writer) and hi* difcsmment, Armnefs,
and fuccii's, as » frmgn mlnifter and
ftatefman.
Brandon, a haiiboar on the N. fide
«f |<ong I(Und, New. York, 9 miles W.
of $mithtown, and the (ame diAsnce
J^jm.Hanipftead Plain.
Brandon, a townfliip in Rutland
CO. Vermont, fituated on both iide* of
Otter Cretk, containing 637 inhabit-
ants, and is about 60 miles northerly
$rom Bennington. Here Brandon Creek
cffuties •' to Otter Ci%ek from theh\£.
fiaANi'VPoTS, are iiles fo calkd,
ia th<! river St. Lawrence, 40 kagues
below Quelwc.
jlKANDX^wiNE Crukt falhintoChrif-
tiU'ia Creek from the noi thward, at
Wilminuton, in Delaware ftate, about
95 miles from its N> and N. weftern
fiitirces, which both rife in ChelVer co.
]*cnn(ylvania. This Creek is fame* s
iov t bloody baaie, fought Sept. 11,
3777, between the Britift and Ameri-
CIUI8) which laftcd nearly the whoL-
<lay, and the latt«r were defeated with
confiderable iofs t but it was far from
being of that deciiive kind which peo-
ple had be:;n led to expert, in the event
«f a m';iing i)etwcen tin hoitilc ar-
nuM, ou nearly equal tomVa both u to
munbers, and the nature «t tite gfetml
on which each army was fituatw. It
was tought It Chadd's Ford, a«d in tlia
neighbourhood of, and on, tli* ^rong
grounds at Birmingham church* Set
tMofuiartt for an account qf f he cel«»
brated mill* on thi* creek.
BjtANDYWiNB, a townfliip in dm*
ter CO. Pcnnfylvania.
Branfoio, a townfliip in New- Ha.
ven CO. onncAicut, craifiderablc i«r
its iron work*. It lies on the S. iide
of a river of the fame aaine,, which
runs intoL^ng Ifland Sound, 10 mjlek
£. from New-Haven, and 40 S. of
Hartford.
BaAss d'Or, called alfo labraJm^^
a lake which forms into arms and
branches, in the ifland of Cape Breton^
or Sidney, and opens an eafy commu.,
nication with all parts of th^ ifland.
Seefr«/M, Cafe.
Brass Ifiami, one of the fmaller Vir*
gin iflanda, fituated near the N< W.
end of St. Thomas's Ifland, on which
it is dependent.
Brass T*<u'«, in the Sate of Ten.
neflee, is fituated on the bead water*
of Hiwaflee R. about 100 miles fouth.
eriy from Knoxville. Two miles S.
from this town, is the Enchont(d Moute^
taittt much famed for the curiofities oh
its rocks. See Enchanted Mountain*
Brattlbbqroucu, a confidtTabla
townfliip and poft town, in Windham
CO. Vermont, having 1 589 inhatiitants ;
on tise W. bank of Conne£licut R.
about a 8 miles £. of Bennington, 61 N.
of Springfiekl, in Mafiachufetts, aid
311 from Philadelphia. N. lat. 41. $%•
Brazil, or fir<^, comprehends all
the Portuguefe fetttements m America,
and is fituated between tlie equator and
35. S. lat. and between 35. and 60 W.
long. \ and is in length 2,500 miles,
and in breadth 709 miles. Bounded
by the mouth of the river Amazon,
and the Atlantic ocean on the N ; by
the .fame ocean on the E.; by the
mouth of the river Plata, S ; and by
morafles, lakes, torrents, rivers, and
mountains, which fcparate it from Ama-
zonia and the S)>antfli pofll-fTions, on
the \^'. It ^las threi grand diviiions.'-.*
I. The norihern contains 8 province*
or captainfliips, viz. Para, Marignan,
Siara, Petagues, Rio Grande, Payraba,
Tamaraf and Pernambiico. a. The
middle divi&Mi— j captainfliips, ^ viz,
Scrcgippe,
•
IX A
«eiW|ppe, Bthia, or the l^iv of AU
6aint«, Ifteof» Porto Scguro, and Spi-
riH> SanAo. 3. The ibutheni divifion
m»"i capUttndi'iM, viz. Rio Janeiro, St.
Vinctnt, and. Dei Rey. The number
of confiderable cities are 16) of thefe,
St. Salvadore, in the Bay of All Saints,
is the chief, md is the capital of Brazil ;
the fecond in rank is Rid de Janeiro.
On the coaft are three fmall illahdsj
where ihips touch for provifions on
their voyage to the South Seas, viz. Fet-
«»ndo, St. Barbaro, and fit. Cathcrin«*«.
The bays, harbours, and rivers, are the
harbours of Pernambuco, All Saints,
Porto Seguro, the port and harbour of
Riode Janeiro, the port of St. Vincent,
the harbour of St. Gabriel, and the port
of St. Salvadore, on the N. (hore of the
river La Plata.
The climate of Brazil is tetnperate
«nd milii, when compared with that of
Africa ; owing chiefly to the refrelbing
iwind, which blows continually from
th^ ijba. The air is not onlv cool, but
chiQy dctring the night, fo that the na-
tives kutdlc a fire every evening in their
huts. The rivers in this coimtiy an-
Itually overflow their banks, and' like
the Nile leave a fort of flime upon the
lands } and the foil is in many places
amazingly rich. '''He vegetable pro-
du£fions are, India., ^m, liigar canes,
tobacco, indigo, balfam, iperacuantha,
1»razil wood. The laft is of A red co-
lour, hard and dry j and is chiefly ufed
fn dying, but not the red of the befl
kind. Here is alio the yellow fultic, of
ufe in dying yellow, and a beautiful
kind of ipeckieid wood ul'ed in cabinet
work. Here, are five diftVrent forts of
palm tiees, curious ebony, and a great
variety of cotton trees. Thiv country
abounds in hoiried cattle, which are
hunted for their hides only, 10,000 be-
ing fent annually to Europe. There h
great plenty of deer, hares and otbrf
game. Belides the hcafts commv-Mi in
the neighbouring parts of t*" j continent,
are janouveras, and a ..erce anims^)
fomewhat like a grey.hpiind, the topi-
raflb)i, a creature betiyeen a bull and
and nfs, but without hqrns, and entirely
harmlefs, the flefli is very good, and has
the fUvour of beef. The remarkable
birds are the h^mir j bird ; the lankU
mt, Ibmetimes called the unicorn bint,
fixMn its having a horn, 1 or 3 in-.hes
long, growing out of iti forchcaii {die
BRA i$
guini, fameus for chanpng itt colour
often,bcing flrft black, then a(h colovredt
next white, aifterwardo fcarlet, and laft
ofalUrimfoni which colours grow deep»
er and richer the longer the bird Uves»
Of flfli, there is one called the globe
fifli, fo called from its form, which h
ib befet with fpikes like a hcdgehogt
that it bids defiance to all fifli of prey.
Brazil bMcds a variety of ferpents aad
vcaomons creatures, among which arc
the Indian falaraander, a four .leaged
inCe&, whofe fting is mortal , the ibiva-
boca, a fpecies of ferpent, about 7 yards
long, and a half yaiu in circumference,
whofe poifbn is inftantaneoufly fatal j
the rattlefnake attains there an enor-
mous fize; the liboyd, or roebuck
liiake, which authors lay are capable of
Iwallowiqg a roebuck whole with his
horns, being between so and 30 feet in
l-^ngth, and fix foet in circumference*
There is a numberlefs variety of fowlg
wild and tame in this country^
The trade of Braui is very great, and
increafes every year. They import as
many as 40,000 neg;roes annually. The
exports of Brazil are diamonds, gold,
fugar, tobaccc, hides, drugt, and medi-
circs; and they receive in return,
woolen goods of all kinds, linens, laces,
filks, hats, lead, (in, pewter, coppers
iron, beef, 2nd clieefe. They alfo re-
ceive from Madeira, a great quantity of
wine, vinegar and brandy; and ironi
the Azores, ^. s|«ooo wofth pf Other
liquors.
The gold and diamond mines are
bist a recent difcovery { they were fyia
opened in 1681, add have fince yielded
above five millions fterling annually, of
which a fifth part belongs to the crown.
Thefe, with the f)igar plantations, occu-
py fo many hands, that agriculture lies
neglefted, and Brazil depends upon
Europe tor its daily bread ; although
before the difcovery of thefe mines, the
foil was found veiy fulficient for fub-
filling the inhabitants. The diamonds
here are neither lb haixi, nor fo clear as
thofe of the Eaft Indies, neither do
the^ fparkle To much, but they are
whiter, the Brazilian diamonds are
fold .ci^ per cent cheajper than the orien-
tal ones, iuppofmg the weights to he
equal. The q'own revenue arUIng
from this colony amounts annually ta
two millions fterling In gold, if tome
late vvriters are ep be credited, be6d««
P4 th«
tht dutiet $ni cuftoms on merchandlie
impprted from that quarter. This in.
clieed, is inore tiian a Afth of the pre>
icious metal produced by the mines}
but every, other cor^equent advantage
confidered, it probably owes not much
cxce^ the truth.
X^e Portuguefe here live in the raoft
effemlnai:e luxury. When people ap-
pear abroa4 they are carried in a kind
pf cotton hammocks, called Terpentines,
which afc borne on negroes* Hioulders i
liroilar to palaquins in India. The
portrait drawn oi the manners, cuftoms,
and morals of that nation, in America,
t)y judicious travellers, iii very far frpm
|)eing fayou)iib}e.
"nie native Bra;;i!ians are about the
fize of the Europeans, but not fo ftout.
They afe Tubj«<^ to {pr/er djyjiempers,
fni are long lived. They wear no
clothing } the won)en ^ear their hair
cxtr^c^ly long, the men cut their's
mort { the woir^en wear bracelets of
bones of a beautiful white ; the men
necklaces of the fame; thi women
paint their faces, and the men their bo-
aies.
Though fh: king pf fortug^U as
eraad matter of ^he Order of phrift, be
u>lely in poireHion of the titles, and
t^ugh the produce of the cmfade be-
longs entirely to him ; yet in this ex«
tenuve country, fix biAiopricks have
been focfcfliveiy foupded, vyhich ac-
knowledge for their fuperior the arch-
bifhop of Bohia j which fee was ella-
bliflied in iss*- ^"e half of tite i6
captninfliips, into which the country
is divided, belong to the crown ; the
•thers being fiefs made over to ibme of
the nobility, who do tittle more than
acknowledge the foycreignty of the
king of Portugal.
The Portupnefe difcovered this coun-
try in 1500, but did not plant it till
ihie year 1 549, when ^hey took pofl'ef.
iion of All Saints Buy, and huitt the ci-
ty of St. Salyadore. The Dutch in-
vaded Buzil in 1623, and I'uhdued the
northern provinces ^ but the Pqrtu-
gucfeagrtcd in 1661, to pay the Dutch
eight tons of gold, to rtlinquif^ their
intereft itk this counti-y, whiqh was ac-
cepted; and the Portuguefe remained
in peaceable polfcfnon of Bra/iJ, till
about the end of 1762 ; when the Span-
iflt govenior of Buenos Ayres, hearing
«f a war between Pui tugal ;ind Spain,
BR e
took, after a month's fiege,' the Portsi-
guefe A-ontier fortrefs, St. Sacrament }
but by the treaty of peace it was re-
ttored. ^
BR2AKNECK.//i//, oppoftte Butter-
hill, at the northern entrance of thfc
highlands, in Hudfon K. about 6p miles
N. of New- York. On the S. fide of
this hill, about half the diftance as you
afcend it, the rocks are fo fituated as to
give tl»e fpe£^ator a tolerable idea of a
human face, with a nofe, mouth and
double chin, but without a forehead.
On the nofe grows a tree of confidera-
ble fize, which has the appearance only
of a (hrub.
Brecknock, a townlhip in Lancaf-
ter CO. Pennfylvania.
Breme, a cape which forms the S.
eaftern fide of the mouth of Oroonoka
R. oppofite Cape Araya, in S. America.
BrentonV/{/^, about 3 miles from
Newport, is the Ibuthemmoft point of
Rhode-Ifland, about 2 miles E. of Bea-
ver Tail. Theie two points form the
mouth of Newport harbour,
Brentwood, a townfliip in Rock-
ingham CO. New-Hampfliire, having
976 inhabitants; diftafit 7 miles W,
from Exeter, and 19 from Portfmouth.
Vitriol is found here, combined in the
fame ftone with fulphur.
Breton, Cape. The ifland, or
rathir coUeftion of iflands, called by
the Frtinch Les Ijles de Madame, which
He fo contiguous us that they arc com-
monly called but one, and comprehend-
ed under the name of the Ifland of Cape
Bietot), lies between lat. 45. %'i>. and
47. N. nnd between 59. 44. and 61. 29.
W. long, and about 45 leagues to the
eaftwaixi of Halifax. It is about 109
miles in length, and from 20 to S4 in
breadth i ' and is feparattd from Nova-
bcotia by a narrow Ihait, called the GiU
ofCanfa, which is the communication
between the Atlantic Ocean and the
Gulf of St. Lawrence.
It is furrounded with little fliarp
pointed rockv. feparated from each
other by the waves, above which fome
of their tops are vifible, and interleaved
with lakes and i;iver8. The great Brafs
d'Or is a very extenfive Iheet of water
which forms into arms and branches,
and opens an ealy communication with
all parts of the ifland . All its harbours
are open to the eaft, turning towards
the Ibvtth. On the other parts of the
«ualt
land, or
ailed bv
, which
are com<
prchend-
of Cape
z'i. and
6i. 19.
to the
bout 109
to 84 in
Novn-
the Gut
inicatioii
and tilt
fltarp
im each
ch fome
iteri'e^ted
■cat Brai's
of water
ranches,
on with
larbourt
towards
8 of the
«ualt
BKBT*
•oaft there are but a few ant*orIng
Elacee tor Imall vefleli, in creeks, or
etween iflets. The harbour of St. Pe-
ter's at the weft end of the ifland, is a
very comnuidious place for carrying on
the fifhery. This ifland was confider-
cd as annexed to Nova- Scoria in refpeft
to matters of government tilt i784-»
when it was eiefted into a fepai-ate go-
vennnent by the name of Sydney.
There is a great proportion of atable
land on this ifland ) and it abounds in
timber and liard wood, fuch as pine,
beach, birch, maple, fpruce, and fir.
Here are about 1000 inhabitants,
who have a lieutenant governor refident
among thtin, appointed by the king.
Ifle Madame, which is an appendage to
this government, is fettled for the moft
part with French Acadians, about 50
families, whofe chief employment is the
Uftiery at Afhmot, the principal harbour
in this tittle ifland The principal
towns are Sydney, the capital, and Louif-
bourg, which has the beft harbour in the
ifland. The prefent feat of governn' -«t
is at Spanifii river, on the north fide of
the ifland.
This ifland may be confidered as the
key to Canada, and the very valuable
iifliery in its neighbourhood depends for
its proteftion on the poflcfTion of thi«
ifland; as no nation can cany it on
without fome convenient harbo^ir of
ttrength to liipply and protefit it, and
Louift)urg is the principal one for thefe
purpoles.
, The peltry trade was ever a very in-
confiderable obje£t. It confifted only
in the fkins of a few lynxes, elks, muflc-
rats, wildcats, bears, otters, and foxes,
both of a led, filver and grey colour.
Some of thefe were procured from a co-
lony of Micmac Indians, wlio had fet-
tled on the Ifland. with the French, and
never could raife more than 60 men
able to bear arms. The reft came fiom
Si. John's, on the neighbotu'ing con-
tinent. Greater advantages are now
tierivtd from the coal mines which are
fiiuated near the entrance of the har-
bour, the working of which, and the
fiflieiy, are the chief employment of the
inhabitants. They lie m a horizontal
direflion ; and being no more than •6 or
8 feet below the furtace, may be work-
ed without digging deep, or draining
iiW the waters. Notwithftanding the
prodigious demand for this (o»l from
New-England, from the year 1745 f
1749, thefe mines would probably hxtp
been forfaken, had not the (hips whicM
were lent out to the French iflandc
wanted ballaft. tfk one of thefe Qiinet^
a fire has been kindled, which ^oald
never yet be extinguiihed. Thefe mhies
yield a revenue of ^.i»,qoo yearly to
the crown.
In 174.3, while this ifland 'b<:l6nge(j
to the French, they caught i,i4^,oo''>
quintals of dry fi(h, and ^,500,000 do*
ofmud-fifh, thevahie c:f hptb which*
including 3 , 1 1 6 j: tons of tratit oil, drawn
from the blubber, amounted to ^916, 577
loj. fterling, according to the prime
coft of the fifti at Newfoundland. The
whole value of this trade, annually, ak
that period, amounted to a mulioa
fterling. No lei's than 564. ihips, be-
fldes'fhallops, and «7,ooo ieaioen, were
employed in this trade.. At prefent the
inhabitants of this iiOand take abotit
30,000 quintals of fifli, annuallyi which
are fliipped for Spain and the Straits,
principally by merchants fit>ro Jerfcjr
(in England) who yearly refort lieie,
and keep ftores of liipplies for the iiiher-
men.
Though fome fifhermen had long re-
forted to this ifland every fummer, the
French, who took pofleflion of it in
Auguft, 1 71 3, were properly the firft
fettled inhabitants. They ctianged its
name info that of TJU Rojale, and fixed
upon Fort Dauphm for iheur principal
fettlement. In 17*0, the fortifications
of Louilburg were bcg\m. The crher
fettlements were at Port Touioufe,
Neruka, Sec. The ifland i-emiined in
the pofleflion of the French till 1745,
when it was cfipturcd by the New-Eng-
land militia under the command of
William Peppcrell, Efq. a colontl of
the militia, and a Iqiiadron under com-
modore Warren. It was afterwards re-
ftored to the Fiench, and again taken
in 17:^8, by admiral Bofcawen and Ge-'
neral Amherft, when the garrifon, con-
fifting of 5600 men, were made prifon-
ers } and 1 « men of war in the harbour,'
were either taken, funk, burnt, or de-
ftroycd ; and it was ceded to Great
Brit:, in by the peace of 1763.
Brewer, a ftrait hi the Magellanic.
fea, about the ifland called Staten Land,
which parts it from the ftraits Le Maire.
It was difcovered by the Dutch naviga^*
tor Brewer, about the year 1643.
BRSW£R*il
B R I
Brbwer*s-Haveh, a good harbour,
at theN. end ot' the iilandof Chiloe, on
ihe coaft of Chili t in S. America, and
in the S. Sea. Lat. 4a. 30. long. 74.
W.
Brbwington, Fokt, lies in the
townfliip of Mexico, New^York, and at
the W. end of Lake Oneida, about a4
owks S. E. from Fort Ofwego.
Briak Creekt a wa^<:r or Savannah
K. in Georgia. Its mouth i« about 50
mtles S. E« by S. fhim Augufta, and
55 N. wcfterly ft'om Savannah. Here
Cen„ Prevoft defeated a party of sooo
Americans^ luuter Gen. Afli, May }«
*779l tbev had above 300 killed and
tskcn, heiules a great number drowned
IB the river and fwamps. The whole ar*
tiliary, bt^gage and Aores were taken.
BRiDCBTOWNf in Cumberland co.
diflriA of Maine, having Hebron on the
N. W. and Bakerftown (on the W. flde
«f Androlcoggin R .) on theS. B. which
three fettlements Ik on the northern
fide of Little Androlcoggin R. It eon-
tain» 319 inhabitants, and lies 34 miles
N. by N. W. from Portland, and 1 56
K. E. fromBofton. Bridgetown coofifts
of kirge hills and vallies t the highland
aflbrdc red aak, which are often three
"^■et, and Ibmetimes four^ in diameter {
and (o or 70 fvet without any branches.
The vallies anc covered withrfKrk maple,'
bafs, affi, birch, pine« and hemlock.
Thei«*is a curiefity to be fren in Long
PfHid, which lies moftly in Bridgcrown,
whieb may afford matter of fpcculation
Co the natural phttofopher. On the
cafterly fide of the pond is a cove which
catenas about 100 rods farther E. thaq
the general courfe of the (hoic, the bot-
tom is clay, and fb flioal that a man
may wade 50 rods into the pond. On
the bottom ^ this cove are ftones of pa-
rlous (ices, wihtch it is evident from va-
rious circimiftaiKes, have an annual mo-
fioii towards the Ihore} the proof of
this is the mark or track left behind
them, and the bodies of day driven up
before them. Some of theie (tones are
s or 3 tons weight, and have left a track
of feveral rods behind them j having at
leaft a common cart-load of clay before
them. The (hore of the cove is lined
with thefe ll(.nes, which it would fetm,
have crawled out of the water. Sec Si-
Hagt P$n4.
Bridgetown, the chief town of
XumberlMwl «•• Ncw-Jtrlcy, and mar
the centre of it. It is 50 miles S . S. E.
of Philadelphia; 8e S. by E. ofTren-
ton, and 145 S. W. of New- York.
Bridgetown, a soft town in Q^etn
Anne's to. Maryland, lies on the weHU
em fide of Tuckahoe Creek, .8 mites E.
from Centreville, as far S. E from
Church Hill, and 65 S. W. from Phio
ladelphia.
Alfo the name of a town ivi i/Crat co.
in the fame (hite, rituat.d on the N«
bank of Chefter R. (which feparatet
this county from that of Aim) 7 miles
Sh. £. from Crofs Roads } and 4 fouther-
ly from Newmarket.
Bridgetown, in the ifland of An-
tigua. See WiUai^iy Hay,
Bridgetown, themetropofis of the
ifland of Barbadoea, in the Weft- Indies,
lying in the S. W. part of the idand and
in the parifli of St. Michael. It is (t>
tuated in the innemioft part of Carlida
bay, «4)ich is large enough to contain
500 (hips, being i| league long and one
broad ; but the bottom is foul and apt
to cut the cables. This city was burnt
down April 18, 1668. It I'ufiered alip
greatly by fires on Feb. 8, 1756, May
S4, 1766, and Dec. 27, 1767, at which
times the grcateft |>art of the town was
deftroyed ; before thefe fires it had 1500
houfes, moftly brick, very elegant, ana
faid to be the fineft and laigeft in aH
the Carribbee iihutds) the town has
(ince been rebtiilt. The ftreets are
broad, the houfes high, and there is alf^
a Cheapftde, where the rents are as higi|
as thofe in Londrn. It has a college^
founded, and liber.dly endowed by Col,
Codrington, the only Inftitution of the
kind in the Weft- Indies j but it does
not appear that its fuccefs has anfwcred
the deiigns o'f the foumier. The towi^
has commodious wharfs for loading
and unloading goods, and is well de-
femlpd by a numlier c^ forts ; but it is
very fobjed to hurricanes. As the
wind generally blows from the £. or
N. E. the E. part of the town is called
the windward, and the W. part Ice-
waid. The number of militias for
Bridgetown and St. Michael's precinft
is txoo men, who are called the royal
regiment of foot g^iards. This it the
Arat of the governor, council, aflembly,
and court of chancery. About a mile
from town to the N. E. the goveinur
has a fine feat built by the aflembiy,
called Pibrim, The church is as
laige
lut a tniJe
» A 1
large as many cathedraltt hat a noble
ot|^» and a ring of bellff >vith a curi-
ous clock. Here are large and elegnnt
ta?emi» eating.houfes, &c. and packet
boat* have lately been cftabliflied to car-
ry letters to and front Great Britain
monthly. N.]at.it3'9iW,long.6o. «i.
This wa« the (tate of the capital of
Sarbadoes in the futnmerof 1780. It
bad (carcely riien from the aflies to
which it had been reduced by the dread-
ful fires already mentioned, when it was
torn from its foundations, and the whole
country made a fcene of defolation, by
the ftorm of the loth of OAober 1780,
in which above 4000 of the inhabitjints
mifcrably periftied} the force of the
«Ktnd wa« then fo great, as not only to
blow down the urongeft walls, but
even lifted fome pieces of cannon off the
ramparts and carried them Ibme yardsdif-
tance } and the damage to the country in
general w«8 eftimated at £. 1,310,504
153. fterling, and it is fcarcely yet re-
ftored to its former fplendor.
Bridg EWATER, a townfliip in Graf-
ton CO. New.Hampfliire, incorporated
in 1769, and contains 281 inhabitants.
Bridgewater, atownfliip iu So-
tnerfet co. New-Jerfey, which contains
9,578 inhabitants, including 357 Haves.
Bridgewater, a confiderahletown-
(liip in Plymouth co. MafTachufetti,
containing 4975 inhabitants; 5 miles
N< £. fromRaynham ; about 30 miles
£. of S. from Bofton, in which large
quantities of hard ware, nails, &c. arc
manuta£lm'ed.
Bridgewater, atownfhipinWind-
fur CO. Vermont, about 55 miles N. E.
of Bennington, containing 393 inhabit-
ants
Bridport, a townflilp in Addifon
CO. Vennont, on the E. man of Lake
Champlain } about 71 miles N. N. W.
from Bennington. It has 449 inhabit-
ants.
.BRioantinb Inletf on the coaft of
New-Jeri'ey, between Great and Little
Egg Harbour.
Brimfield, a townfhip in Hamp-
ihire co. Maflachuflets, fituated E. or
Conneflicut K. ; having izm inhabit-
ants} 34 miles S. E. of Northam<}ton,
and 75 W.ofBodon.
Brion lyte, one of the Magt'ialene
ifles, in the gulf of St. Lawrence.
Bristol a townfhip In Lincoln co.
difti'i^ of Miioej having 1718 inhsbit-
BRi m
ants 4 ^iftant »04 miles K. £• from
Bofton, and % N. of Pcmaquid Point.
Bristol, a county in the foutbem
part ofMafllichuretts>C. of a pait «f
the ftate of Rhode Ifland. It has sf
towufliips, of which Taunton Is the
chief} and 31,709 inhabitants. The
groat fachem Phillip refided here; \Jm
Raynham'\\ and it was called by the
Indians PafwiunnaivkuU } from which
the nation derived the name } but woe
fometimes ftyled the fTap^mnt^s.
Bristol Co. in Rhode ifland ftate*
contains the townOtips of Briftol, War-
rtn,^ and Barrineton; having 3111 in-
habitants, incluiiveof 98 flaves. It has
Rriftol CO. in MaflTachui'etts, on the !9*
E. and Mount Hope b'7£.
Bristol, a fea-port: town, and chief
of the above county, lies on the weftem
fide of the peninfula called Briftol necl^
and ontheE. fide of Briftol bay; in*
chiding Popafquafli neck, and all the ML
and £ part of Briftol neck, to Warren,
N. ; and to Mount Hope bay, £. It
is about 3 miles from Rhode I. } the
ferry from the S. end of the townfhip
being included which is little more than
half a mile broad $13 milps noi;therIy
from Newport, 24 S. £. /rom Provi-
dence, and 63 from Bofton.— Briftol
fuffered greatly by the ravages of the
late war.; but it is now In a very floU'
riftiing ftate, having 1406 inhabitants,
incltifiveof64 flavts. It is beautiful
for fiiuation— a healthful climatc-~4ich
foil, and a commodious, fafe harbour.
Onion$, In confulek'able quantities, and
a variety of provifions and garden ftuff*, '
are railed here for exportation. N. lat.
40. 40.
Bristot., a townflilp in Hartford
CO. Connecticut, 16 miles W. of the
city of Hartford.
Bristol, a town in Bucks co. Penn-
fylvania, 11 miles S. S. £. from New.
town, and 20 N. £. from Philadelphia.
It ftands on Delaware R. oppofite Bur-
lington In New-Jertey; and has about
50 or 60 houffs. It is a great tho-
roughfare, and is noted for its mills of
fcveral kinds.
Bristol, a townfliip in Philadel-
phia county.
Bristol, a fmall town in Charles
CO. Maryland.
Bristol, atownfliip in Addifon co.
Vennont, E. of Vergenncs, having ui
inhabitants*.
Bristol
^
B R i"
Brmtol Saj^, on the N. W. coall
ff |l. America* is formed by the pe-
ninfula of Alafka on the S. and S. £.
md by pape Newnham on the N. ; and
ift very broad and capacious. A river of
tbefsme name runs into it from the E.
.^ BRtfTOLy a new town of New- York,
a^ Sciioharie co. incorporated in >79i7>.
Britaik, New. The country ly-
mz round Hxidfon bay, or the country
ofthe Efquimaux, comprehending La-
bradori New North and South Wales,
liaa obtained the general name oi
NSrw-Britain, and ia attached to the
government of Lovver Canada. A fu-
perinsendant oi trade* appointed by the
goventor general of the four Bhtlfli
pvorinces, and refponfible to him, re-
vdesat Labradu.. The principal ri-
vers which water this country, are the
Wager» Monk, Seal, Pockerekeflco,
Churchill, Nelfon, Hayes, New- Severn,
AUiany and Moofe river$, all whicii
empty into Hu:iipn and James' bay,
from the W. and S. The mouths of a 1
the rivers are filled with fliuals, except
Churchill^s^ in which the largeft ihips
amy tie ^ but lo miles higher the chan-
JkI U obftru£led by land banks. AH
the rivers* as tar as they have been ex-
Jwred^ are fiiU of rapids and catarafls,
rom 19 to £0 teet perpendicuhr.
IXkwn tliefe jrivers the Indian traders
Said a quick paflagej but iheir return
i» a labour of many months. Cop-
per Mine, and Mc. Kenzie's riyers,
fall into the North Sea. Af ^^^ in-
land as, the Hudfoa Bay Company
have fettlements, which is 600 miles to
the weft fort of Churchill, at a place
called HudfonHoufe, lat. 53.. long. 106.
x7. W. from London, is flat country :
■or is it known how far to the eaft-
ward, the great dialn feen by naviga-
tors from the Pacific Ocean, hrnnches
«ff» From Moofe river, or the bottom
«f the Bay, to Cape Chi.trcl\lll, the land
h flat., niardiy and wooded with pines,
birch, larch and willows. From Cape
Ctuiichill, to Wager's river, the coafts
are high and rocky to the very fea, and
woodlcfs, except the mouths of Pocke-
nktfko and Seal rivers. The hilh on
their back are naked, nor are there any
trees for a gri.at diftance inland. The
caftem coaft is barren, paft the efforts
cf cultivation. The furiace is every
where uneven, and covered with maflcs
•f ftone of an amazing fixe. It is a
BRt
eonntry of fruitlefs vallies and fH^htAil '
mountains, fome of an aftonifliing
height. The vallies are full of lakes,
formed not of fprings, but rain and
fnow, fo chilly as to be produ£live of
a few fmall trout only. The ttioun-
tains have here and there a blighted
flinib, or a little mofs. ,The vallies art
fiill of crooked, ftintcd trees, pines, fir,
birch, and cedars, or rather a fpecies
of the juniper. In lat. 60. on this
coafl, vegetation ceafes. The who>
flioiie, like that on the wefl!, is faced
with iflands at fome diftance from land^
The laudable zeal of the Moravian
clergy induced them, ii> the year 175*1
to fend miflionaries from Greenland to
this couqtry. They fixed on Neflliit's
harbour for their fettlement } but of the
firft party, fome of them were killed,
and the others drivenaway. In 1 764, un?
der the proteftionof the Britifti govenw
ment, another attempt was made. The
miflionaries were well received by th^
Efquimaux, and the miflion goes oii
with fuccefs. The knowledge of thefe
northern feas and countries was owing
to a proje£l ftarted in England for the
difcovery of a north weft paflage to
China and the Eaft Indies, as early at
the year 1756. Since then it has been
frequently dropped and as-t>ften revived.
but never yet completed.
Frohifttef, about the year 15761 dif-
covered the lyfain of New- Britain, of
Terra de Labrador, and thofe ftraits to
which he has given his name. In 1 58 $,
Jphn Davis failed from Portfmouth;
aiid viewed that and the more ndrthero
coafls, but he feems nevt^r to have
entered the bay. "Hudfon mad*; three
voyage? on the fame adventure, the
firil in 1607, the fecond in 1608, and
his third and iatt in 1610. This bold
and judicious navigator entered the
ftraits that lead into the bay known by
his nanie, coafted a great pnrt of it, and
penetrated to eighty degrees and a half,
mto the 'heart of the frozen zone. iHi
ardour for the difcovery iiot being abat-
ed by the dif^cultirs he ftruggled with
in this empire of winter, and world of
froft aikd fnow, he ftayrd here until the
enfuitig fpring, and jprepared, in th?
beginning of 161 1, to purfue his dil-
coverics, but his crew, who fuffi?red
equal hardftiips, without the fame fpirit
to fupport them, mutinied, feized upon
him und feven of thofc who were
moft
B RI
Mioft faithful to him, and commiud
thetti to the fiiry of the icy feas, in an
open bOit. Hudlbn and hit compa-
niona were either fwallowed up by the
Wivttt or gaining the inhofpitabie coaft,
were deftroyed by the favages} but
the fliip and the reft of the men return-
ed home.
Though the adventurers failed in the
criginal purpofe for which they navi-
gated Hodfon bay, yet, the projcfV,
even in its failure, has been of ijreat ad-
vantage to Eneland. Tlie vaft coun-
tries which nirround Hudfon bay,
abound with animals, whofe fur and
ikins are excellent. In 1070, a charter
was granted to the Hudfon bay com-
pany, which does not confift of above
9 or 10 perfons, ibr the exclufive trade
to this bay, and they have a6led under
it ever fincc, with great benefit to the
individuals Who compofe the company,
though comparatively virith little advan-
tage to Britain. The company employ
4 flilps, and 1 30 feamen. They have
feveral forta, viz. Prince of Wales fort,
Churchill river, Nelfon, New-Sevem,
Albany, on the W. fide of the bay, and
are garrifoned by i86 men. The
French, in May, 1782, took and de-
ftroyed thefe forts, and the fettlements.
Sec, faid to amoimt to the value of
£.500,000. They export commodities
to the value of ^.16,000, and carry
home returns to the value of ^.29,34.0,
which yield to the revenue ^.3,734-
This includes the fiihery in Hudfon's
bay. . The only attempt to trade to
that part which is called Labrador, has
been dirc£led towards the fifliery. The
annual produce of the iifhery, amounts
to upwards of ^.4.9,000 See Efqui-
maux.
The whole of the fettlements in New-
Britain, including fuch as have been
mentioned, are as follow, which fee
under their refpeftlve heads : Abbitib-
bi, Frederick, End Main and BrunC-
wiciu houCesj Jloole Fort; H«;niey,
Gloucefter, .ind Ofnaburg houfes ; and
a houfe on V/innipeg lake ; Severn, or
tfnv-Severtt } York Fort, or Nfijfoft }
Churchill's Fort, or PrtMce of Wales
Fort', South Branch, Hud ton's, Man-
chetter, and Buckingham houfes: the
hft is the wefieramm fettlement, and
lately erected.
BRITAIN, New, a Hn-ge ifland in
the Pacific Ocean, lying N. £. of Dam-
B R I ^
pieces Straits, between 4. and 71 S. lau
and 146. and 149. £i Ibng. from Parii^
Its N. point is called Cape dttphenraf
u. F. Doint Cape Orfordj and ai baf
about the middle of its ci^ehi coa£t, w
called Port N^>ntague. ThsfehaBm
were given by Ca^>t. Carteret, wto vi-
fited this ifland in 1^.^67, and found it
much itnalirr th^n was Aippoled l^j^
Dampier, who firfl difl'Hrered k to be
an ifland. There is nothing yetd'tf- .
covered peculiarly diiferent in its Br<H
du£lions or its inhabitants, frain tno6
of the other iflands in its neighbourhood.
It has the appearance of a mountainows
country, and is coveiTd with large
and ftately trees. It is furroandei
with many fertile iflands, moft of which
are faid to yield abundance of plantaia
and cocoa nut trees.
British America. If nder the gipl
ne.'al name of firitifli America, we conw
prehend the vail extent of country,
bounded S. by the United States of
America, and the Atlantic Ocean j £.
by the fame ocean and Davis^s Straits,
which divide it from Greenland j ex-
tending N. to the northern limits of
Hudlbn bay charter ; and weftwai'd in-
definitely— Lying: between 4z. 30. and
70. N. lat. i and between 50. and 96.
W. long, from Greenwich.
Britifli America is divided into four
provinces, viz. x. Upper. Canada ^ a-
Lower Canada, to which are annexed
New-Britain, on the country lying
round Hudfon bay, and the ifland of
Cape Breton} which ifland, in 17S4,
was formed into a feparate government,
by the name of Sydney. 3. New-firunf-
wick; 4. Nova- Scotia, to which is an-
nexed the ifland of St. John^s. Befiues
thefe, there is the ifland of Newfoiuad-
land, which is governed by the admiral
for the time hemg, and two lirutenanC
governors, who reiide at Placentia and
St. John''s. The troops (lation^d at
Newfoundland, however, are fubjefit
to the orders of the governor general
of the four Britid) provinces, "^lie
mmibe; of people in the whole of the
northern Britifli colonies is perhaps
160,000 or 180,000.
Since the fcur provii ces have been
put under a general governor, the go-
vernor of each is ftyhd lieutenant go.
vernor. The refider ce of the general
governor is at Quebec .
The following inforinHtion,' from
Edwaidb's
#
<i
«Ri
Cdw«nls*s H'tftoiy of the Weft tmUett
itfpcAine the trade and rcfourcn of
Bntifli Anieiica, as heinj^ ufcful to
Americans, i» inierted under thi» head.
The rirer St. Lawrence remaint ufual-
hf locked up one half of tlie year } and
■(though, in 1784, it was confidently
ftid, that the BritiOi provinces would
lie able in three years to I'upply all the
Weft Indies with lumber and ^ruvl-
fions, yet it was found neceflaiy to im.
port lumber and provifions into Nc .•
Scotia, ~ im ihe United States. Th .
In 17IJ0, there iwere Aiippt:. ♦rom itic
U. S. to Nova-Scotia, alone, 540,c a*
flaves and heading} 914,980 feel of
tmards ; 385,000 (hineles, and 16,000
boops i 40,000 bbls. of bread and flour,
and 8d,oeo biithels of grain, beyond her
own confuinptlon. Newfoundland fiir-
niBwd the Britifli Weft Indies with
9e6,459 quintals of f\(h i on an average
•f four years, ending with 1786.
The only provilions exported to Ja-
maica, from Canada, Nova- Scotia, and
St. John's, between 3d of April, 1783,
and 26th of 0£lobei', 1784, were i8e
buOieis of potatoes, and 751 hhvts. and
about 500 hbls. of falted fiOi. Of lum-
ber, the quantity wa^ 510,088 feet; 20
bundles of hoops , and 301,334 fliin-
jfles i and on an average of Ave years,
icxym 1768 to 1772, tne whole exports
to Jamaica, from Canada, Nova-Sco-
tia, and St. John's, were only 33 bbls.
of flour, 7 hnds. of fifh, 8 bbls. of oil,
3 bbls. of tar, pitch and turpentine }
^6,000 Oiingles and ftaves, and 27,233
ftet of lumber.
From the cuftom iioufe returns it
appears that of tsoS cargoes of lumber
and provilions imported trom N. Ame-
rica, to the Britiih fugar colonies in
1772, only 7 of thole cargoes were
from Canada and Nova -Scotia; and
that of 70t topfail vefiels and 1168 1
floops, which nad cleai-ed outwards
from N. America, to the Britifti, and
foreign, W. Indies, only « of the top-
fail vcflcls, ami 1 1 of the Hoops wire
from thefc provinces : and it has been
proved, that in the years 1779, 1780,
1781, and 1782, the fcarcity in Canada
had Iwren iuch, as to occafion the ex-
port of all bread, wheat, and flour, to
be prohibited by authority ; and in
1784, when a parliamentary enquiry
took place concerning what fupplies
the W. Itviles might eicpcfl {rtuu Qa>
B RO
nada and Nova<Scotia} a 0iip in the rf*
ver Thames was a^ually loading wicll
flour for Quebee*
fiaoADALBiN, a townfliip in Moitt«
Soniery co. New-Vork} whichf by tbt
atecenfus of 1796, contained a77 in-
habitants, who are elcAors.
B a . D Bi^, in the diftriJl of Maine*
lies on the Ime of Lincob ami Han-
cock counties, bounded by Pkrmaquid
Point on he W. and Plealant Point on
the F Ci the Ihore .)f tliis bay way
air J' «: J Itch fettlc.Twit.
.1^ rt.\h R^vtr, is an arm of the fta»
\.v' ,r ends along the W. and N. W.
. <^t Mtr ifbit or Port Royal ifland*
on the CO. tv ~ S. Carolina, and receives
Coofa from the N. W.— Coofa R. may
likewife be called an arm of the fea t
its waters extend N. weft ward, and
meet thofe of Broad R. round a fmall
ifland at the mouth of Coofa Hatchet
R. Thefe two arms embrace all tht
iflands between Combahee R. and Oaw-
fuflcee found, with which alfo Broad
R. communicates. Channels between
Broad R. and Coofa form the iflands;
The entrance through Broad R. to
Beaufort harbour, one of the beft in th«
flate, is between Hilton's Head and Su
Phillip's Point.
BaoAD Rivert or Cbtrake*-baw, m
water of Savannah R. from tb'r Georgia
flde. It empties into the Savannah at
Peterfl>urg. At a trifling expence, it
might be made boatable 25 or 30 miles
through the beft fettlements in Wilkes*
county.
Broad River, in S. Carolina, rifca
by thi-ee branches from the N. W. viz.
the Ennorec, Tiger, and PackoIet|
which unite about 40 miles above th«
mouth of Saluda R. { which* witii
Broad R. forms Congaree R. Broad
R. may be rendered navigable 30 miles
in. North Carolina.
Broken ARROW,orC/(ijr-C«(/l<i,an
Indian town in the Creek country, in
Weft Florida, on the W. fide of Chata-
Uche R. i 12 miles below the Cuflitah
and Coweta towns, where the river is
fordable. See Cvwetat and Flint R>
Bromlev, a townfliip in Benmng>
ton CO. Vermont, about 3a miles N.
eafteriy from Bennington. It has 71
inhabitants.
Bromley, a town in Somerfet co.
New-Jcrfey. .
^ Brookfuid, in the S. W. part oF
M'orceftu"
^F
f3
B RO
t/orceftcr co. MaflSichuretts, U among
the /irft towRi» M to age, wealth, and
uumberi, •< the county > containing
}too inhab m$. The great poft rrad
from Bofti » N. York nna tltrougV
it. It ia 6.; ' iies W\ of Bdfton ? i *7
W. of ^Yor' eftcr. The Indian name
of this ttwr, wTA Sbfoboag. The river
which. ftiU ' taint tT name patk« thro'
it) and, ) r.e ttl other ftreamx and
pond«, abounds with variout kir^ of
tiih. Here h iron '■ve, ar^ ;.irge nmn-
titles of Hone which yield copperas,
and have a ftfeng. vitriol t: quality.
This town was fettled by people from
Iplwicb, in t66o, and was incorpo-
rated in a57).
Brookfiej d, a tomniif) in Onwge
CO. Vermont, has 421 inhabitants, and
lies 80 miles northerlyfrom'Benntngton.
BftOOKPiBtD, a townfhip in Lincoln
CO. fliftri^ of Maine, 14 miles above
Morridgewalk on Kennebecic R. and
was formerly called Srven nak Brook.
Brook FIELD, a town in Montgo-
mery co. New York. By, the ftate cen-
fus of t; 96, 160 of its inhabitants are
electors.
Brookpield, a towiifl>Ip in Fair-
filcld CO. Conne£licut, 6 miles N. N. E.
from Danbury. I
Brookhaven, a townflilp in Stif-
folk CO. Long I. New- York, containing
3,114 inhabitants. Of thefe 233 are
flavesi and by the ftate cenfus of 1796,
535 o»*ly !"* cltftors. The compafk
pait of the town contains about 40
koufes, an Epifcopalian, and a Pren>y-
terian church. It is 60 miles E. of
New- York.
Brooklyn, a pleafant town of Nor-
folk co. MaiTachufetts, of about 60 or 70
families, between Cambridge and Kox-
bury, and feparated from Bofton on the
£. by a narrow bay, which fets up S.
from Charles river, and peninTulates
liolloB. Large quantities of fruits, roots,
and other vegetables are producnl in
this town for the Bofton market. It is
a place where gentlemen of fortune and
information, who, retiring from public
life, may enjoy ettum cum dignitnte.
Brooklyk, atownfhip in King'sco.
New- York, on the W. end of Long I.
having 1603 inhabitants; of thefe 405
are flnves } and 214 are dehors, by the
ftate cenl'us of 1796. Here are a rref-
byterian churoh, a putch Reformed
«iiHrc}i« a powder magazise, and fome
B Rd
a
elegant hofffirt which lie chiefly oa ^n*
ftreet. Ealt R. near a mile broad, lii'
pirates t'.ie town from New.York.
Broo'ily'm, a townAiip in Wynl*
hum cj. Conncfticut, about to raiie»
N. of Norwich.
Brothert -:, an Indian village ad-
joining New Stocfcbridge, (N. York)
inhabited by about 1 50 Indians, who
mizraicd from different parts of Con*
ncaicut, under the care oF the Rev-
Mr. Occoin. Theie Indians receive ag
annuity of as 6e doUars, which fum ia
partly appropriated to the purpofe of
maintaining a fchool, and partly (a
compenfate a ropertnteDdant, to uanf-
aft their bufinefs, and to diCpoTe of the
remahider of their money for their be-
nefit.
Brouchton l/Umi^ lieaat themoutb
of Alatan\aha R. in Georgia, and be-
longed to the late Henry Laurens, Efif*
The S. channel, after its feparatioa
from the N. defcsnds gently, winding
by Mc. Intofli and Broughton ifland*,
in its way to tlic ocean through St. Sii'
mon's Sound.
Brownfiblo, a fmall fettlement ia
York CO. diftria of Maine, v&McIi, to-
gether with Suncook, contains 150 in.
habitants.
Brown's Sound, h fituated on the
N. W. coaft of N. America, in N. lat.
55. 18. W. long, from Greenwich 132.
20. It was thus named by Captain
Gray, in 1791, in honour of Samuel
Brown, Efq. of Bofton. The lands on
the E. fide of this found arc tolerably
level ; but on the W. nwantains rife,
whole fumntits out-top tin clouds, and
whole wintry garb gives them a dreary
afpeft. The hi.w^ is well timbered
with variotM forts of pitKS. The ani-
mals in the vicinity are deer, wolves,
fea-otten 3nd Icals. The fi(1i— ialmon,
halibut, and a fpecies of cckI, &c.—
Ducks, brants, fh.-igs, &c. ar» here ia
plenty in fummer.
Brownsville, or Redftont Oldfort^
is a flourifhng po(t-town in Fayette co.^
Penn(ylvania) on the S. cafteni banld^
of Monongahela R.; between Duniap
and Redltone creeks ; and next t(»
Pittiburg is the moil couHderable town
in the weftern parts of the ftate< ' The
town is I'egularly laid out, comtaina
about 100 hoi^fes, an Epifcopalian, and
Roman Catholic church, a brewei-y aad
difti lery. It i$ cono^^cd 'Olrith BtldgiEf*
^ BR U
jaott, • rmall village on the oppoflte
hit of DunUp creek) by a bridge 160
ftct k»g. Within a few mile* of the
■own are 4 Friends* meeting- houi'es,
94. grift» faw, oily and fulling mills.
The trade and emigration to Kentucky,
•oiploy bont-buiklers here very profit-
ably I above too boats of 10 tons each,
sore built annually. Byrd'a Fort for-
merly ftood here on the S. fide of the
mouth of Redftone Creek, in N. lat.
39. 58. W. lon^. 81. i»|{ 37 miles
foutherly from Pittlburg^ 13 S. by E.
ofWadiington, and jn W. of Phila-
delphia.
Bao YLB, a harbour, cape, and fettle-
ment on the E. fide of Ncwfuuiutland
I.{ 15 miles N. E. from the fettlement
of Aouafort, and 30 S. wcderly fiom
St> Jonn's, the capital.
Brunswick, a maritime county in
Wilmington di(lrl£l, N. Carolina, con-
taining 3071 inhabitants, of whom 1 51 1
are Haves. It is the moft ibutherly
county of the ftate, hatting S. Carolina
«n the S. W. and bounded by Cape
Fear R. on the E. Smithville is the
ieat of jultice.
Brunswick, the chief town in the
above county, fituated on the W. fide
of Cape Pear R. ; it was formerly the
bel( built in the whole ftate, and car-
ried on the moll extenfive trade. It
lies 30 miles above the capes, about 9
miles N. of Fort Johnfon, 17 S. W. of
Wilmington, and was forn?eriy the feat
of government. Tn 1780, It was burnt
down by the Britifli, and has now only
3 or 4 houi'es and an elegant church in
ritins.
Brunswick, a towuflilp in EfTex
CO. Vermont, on the W, bank of Con-
neAicut K. oppoftte Stratford, in New-
Hampfliirc.
Brunswick, a city in Middlefex co.
New-J,..rty, i» .'.>v:ated on the S. W.
bank of R.iriton R. in a low fituation ;
the moft of the houfes being Iniilt un-
der a hill which riff s W. of the town.
It has between 200 and 300 hoiiles,
and about 1500 inhabitants, one half
of whom are Dutch. Quetn^s College
was in this city, but is now extin£t as
a place of inii'ru^ion. There is a con-
/iderahle inland trade carried on hire.
One of the mod elegant and expenHve
bridges in America, h;is been built over
tl|e nvcr oppofite this city. firuuAvick
il iSmiks N. E.of Princetown, 60 N,
B R U
I^. from Philadelphia, and 3$ S. W^
from New* York. N. lat. 40. jO, W^
long. 74s 30.
Brunswick, in Cumberland co.
diftri^t of Maine, contains 1387 inha-
bitants, and lies N. E. oi Portland 30
miles^ and of Bofton 151. It is in N^
lat. 43. 52. on the S^ fide of Merry
Meeting Bay, and partly o|i the S. weft- .
ern fide of Androfcoggin R; Bowdoin
College is to be ellnblrlhtd in this town.
Brunswick, the chief town of
Glynn co. Georgia, is fituated at the
mouth of Turtle R. where it emptier
into St. Simon's found, N. lat. 31. 10'.
It has a fafe harbour, and AifHciently
capacious to contain a large fleet. A1-'
though there is a bar at the entrance of
the harbour, it has depth of water for
the largeft fliip that fwims. The town
is regularly laid out, but not yet built.
From its advantageous fituation, and
from the fertility of the back country,-
it piomifes to be one of the molt com-
mercial and flourifliing places in the
ftate. Itliesl9milci>S. ol Darien; 6»
S. S. W. fro/n Savannah, and iioS. £.
from Louil'ville.
Brunswick Houfe, oi>e of the Hud-
fon Bay Company's I'ettK-ments, It-
tuated on Mooli: R. half way from it<
mouth; S. W. from James's Bay, and
N. £. from Lake Superior. N. laN
50. 30. W. long. S:. 30.
Brunswick, New, one of the four
Britifli provinces in N. America, is
bounded on the S. hy the N. Ihores of
the bay of Fundy, and by the river
Mifliquafh to its fource, and from
thence by a due E. line to Vcrtc Bayj
and on the W. by a line to run due N.
trom the main fcurce of St. Croix R.
in Pafi'amaquoddy, to the high landr
which divide the llrcams which fall in-
to the liver St. Lawreiice, and the bay
of Fundy: and from thence by the
foutliern boundary of the colony of
Qiiebec until it touches the fea Ihore
at the weftcrn extremity of the bay .of
Chaleurj then lollowing the courfc of
the fea fliore to the bay <.f Verte, (i«
the Art Its of Nortluimbeikind) until it
meets the termination oi' Lhecaftcrn line
produced i\< m the i'ource ot the Milii
quafl) above rpcntioned, including uU
the iilands within the faid limits.
The chief towns are .9^ Johti^s, tite
capital, Fri'dttickto=wn, 67. AHeirnvs, Sc
St, An/tj the prclentfl«*'t ot government.
The
•rica, 18
tores of
Ihe liver
id from
,tc Bay }
Uue N.
Iroix K.
til lan«1r
tall iu-
|the bay
by the
>lony of
Tea Ihorc
bay oir
;ouifc of
irtc, (i»
until it
krn line
Je Miiii
|ding uU
tns, til?
Y^ws, St
(inmt'ni!.
■rue
BUC
The {Nrlnctptl riven ?re St. )ohn*i,
Mq^egadavick, or '.^itcm R. Oickwar-
fet» St. Croix, Merrimichi, Petitcodiac,
Memramcook t ait, the % laft excepted,
etimty into Pafeunacjuoddy bay.
St. Joiin's R. opens a vaft extent of
fine coontry, on which are rich inter-
valet and meadow landi ) mod of
which are Atded and under improve*
ment. The upland is in general well
timbered. The trees are pine and
fpruce, hemlock and hard wood, prin-
cipally beech, birch, maple, ami fome
am. The pinea on St. John's R. are
the' latgeft to foe met with in Britifti
America, and afford a confiderable I'up-
ply of mails tor the royal navy.
The rivers which fall into Paffama-
ouoddy Bay, have intervales and mea-
dows on their banks, and muft formerly
have been covered with 9 large growth
of timber ; as the remains ot large
trunks are yet to be feen. A racing
fire palTed through that countiy, \n a
very dry ftalbn, according to Indian
accounts, 50 years ago, and fpread de-
ftru6lion to tn iramenfe extent. For
other particulars relpefUng this pro-
vince, fee the articles feparateiy, and
fJov0-Scotia, BrHtJb Amertca, Sec
Brunswick Co. in Virginia, lies be-
tween Nottaway and Meherrin rivers,
and is about 3S miles long, and 35
broad, and contains 11,817 inhabitants,
including 6776 flavcs.
BauTVS, a military townfhip in
New- York, through which runs Sene-
ca R. Here the river receives the wa-
ters of Owafco L. from the S. £. thro"
the towns of Aurelius and Scipio. Bru-
tus lies II miles N. E. from theN. end
of Cayuaga Lake, and 19 S. S. E. from
Lake Ontario.
Bruynswick, a plantation in Ulfter
county, New-York.
Bryan, a CO. ip Georgia, adjoining
Chatham co. on the W. and S W.
Bryant'/ Lick, a S. E. branch of
Green R. the mouth of which is about
a7 miles E. of Craig's Fort, and 10 E.
of Sulphur Spring, in Mercer's county,
Kentucky.
Buckingham Houfe, in New South
Wales, lies N. wetterly fiom Hudlon
Houfe, and ftands on the northent (ide
of Saflcafhttwen R. near its iburce, and
is the weftemmojl; of all the Hudfon
Bay company's fettlemcnts, JN. lat.
{4* W. long. 110. ao.
BVCK ffarb9nr, 'm Hancock eo. dif-
tria of Maine, lies W. of Mac bias, and
contains 6t inhabitants.
Buck IfiatUt one of the Icfler Virgin
Ifles, fituated on the E. of St. Thomaa,
in St. Jameses Paflage. Lat. it. 15.
N. long. 6 J. 30. W.
BvcKLAND, atownfliip in Hamp-
(hirc CO. Maflachufetts, containing 71$
inhabitants} lao ntilea weftward from
Bofton.
BucKLBSTowN,in Berkley co. Vir-
ginia, is a village t miles diflant from
Martiniburg, and a 50 from Philadel-
phia.
BucKit Co. in Pennfylvania, lies S.
W. from Philadelphia. It is feparatcd
from Jerfey by Delaware R. on the S.
E. and N. E. and has iiiorthampton co.
on the N. W. It contains 15,401 In-
habitants, includine 1 14 (laves. Bucks
is a well cultivated county, containing
4t 1,990 acres of land, i ad is divided into
27 towndiips, the chief of which i» New-
tov^ n. It abounds with lime>ftone, and
in fome nlacts are found iron and lead
ove. There is a remarkable hill in the
,M. end of the county called Haycock,
in the townfliip of the fame name. It
is 1 5 miles in circumfeiTnce, having a
gradual afcent, and from its fummit ia
a delightful profpcA. The waters of
Tohickon Creek walh it on all fides ex-
cept the weft.
Buck sto wn, in Hancock co. didrilSt
of Maine, on the £. fide of Penobfcet
R. contains 3 1 6 inhabitants : and lies
i6o miles N. E. from Bofton.
BucKTOWN, in Dorchefter county,
Maiyland, It . between Blackwatcr and
Tranfquacking crct-ks, 11 miles from
their mouths at Fiftiing Bay, and 8f
niiies S. E. from Cambridge.
BtTCKTOWN, a town(hip in Cumber-
land CO. diitrift of Maine, near Port-
land, containing 45 3 inhabitants.
BuDDS Valley, a place in Morris co.
N. Jeiicy, fituated on the head waters of
Rariton.
BuE N-AiRE, one of the Leeward Iflea
in the Wtft- Indies It is Imali j lies
eaftwaixl of Cura^oa, and belongs to the
Dulch.
Buenos Ayres, is one of the moft
conliderable towns in South-America,
and the only place of tmffio to the
i'uuthward of Brazil. It is the capital
of Paraguay, or La Plata, in the S. di-
vifionand piQvinccof LaPtata. S. lar,34.
E 33.
BU 9
Y^f loag, J7. €4. Thi# citf « t
(reU fortified^ and de>
bfmopS fee7 U wel
fended by t numeroui aiiillery. It bai
aQ elegant cathedral, a finall Indian
ch)irch, and about 40QP boiiret. The
hourea ire nncrally two ftorlea highi
fbme built oT chalk, and others of bricic j
nioft of thefe »re tiled. Buenoa Ayrea
hail Ua ni^me on account of the excel-
lence of the air, and in fituated on tbic
8. fide of the river La Plata, where it
if 7 ki|8ue* broad, 50 leasuea from the
fea. Tiic fliipi get to it by i'ailing up
> rly:r that wants depth, ii full of
idands, (hoaU and rocks } and where
ftornta are more frequent ajid dreadful,
than pn the ocean* it is neceflary to
anchor every night at the fpot where
they come to { and on the moft moile-
|rate days, a pilot mult go to found
the way fo|r tne (hip. After having
reached within three leaguea of the
city, the (^ips are obliged to put their
gooda on board fome light vefl'el, and
tp go to refit, and wait for their car-
goes at Icunado de Barragan, fituated
7 or 9 leagues below.
Here we meet with the merchants
of Europe and Peru} but no regular
:f|eet comes here ai to the other parts
(pfSpanUh America} », or at moft 3,
regifter Ihips, make the whole of tlieir
regular inrercourfe with Europe. The
returns are chiefly gold and filver of
Chili and Ptni, fugar and hides. Thole
yifho have now and then carried on a
contraband trade to tins cttv, have
found it more advantageous tdan any
other whatever. The benefit of this
contraband is now wholly in the hands
of the Portugucfr, who keep maga-
ilnss for that purpofc, in fuch parts of
Brazil as lie near this country.
The moft valuable commodities
come here to be exchanged for Euro-
pean eoods, fuch as Vigogma wool
from Peru, copper from Coquimbo,
r3ld from Chili, and filver from Potofi.
rom the towns of Corientes and Para-
guay, the former 150, the latter 500
Kagues from Buenos Ayres, are brought
hither the fineft tobacco, fugars, cot-
ton, thread, yellow wax, and cotton
cloth; and from Paraguay, the herb,
fo called, and lb highly valued, being
a kind of tea drank all over $. America
by the better fort ; which one branch
is computed to amount to a million of
^tccea of ei^t, aanuaily^ all paid in
BUI^
foodfi po mpney being allawad to jnlb
here. The commerce between PtrW'
and Bupioa Ayres is chiefly fpr cattlt
and mules to an immenfc value. Wbcii
the Eftgliflihad the advantage of th»\
AfTicn^p contraA, negro davca were
brought hither by fafturs^ and fold to
the Spauiardt.— It ws^a founded by Don
Pedro de Mcndoaa, in ijj j» but after-
wiurds abandoned. In 15449 another
colony of Spaniards camfi here, who
left it alfo } but it was rebuilt in islSf
and is at prefent inhabited b^ 8paniarda
and native Americans. It is furround-
ed by a fpacious plain, ami uleafanfc
country, abounding with all good
things} and iiicie is perhaps no placa
in the univerfe where meat is better oi'
cheaper. See la Plata R. unAprtvmct.
BuFFALOC Lake,\n Hi it. America, i«
near Copper Mine K. N. late 6a. 30. W*
long, from Greenwich 110. The. Cop-
per Mine Indianii inhabit tins country.
BuFFALOb Lick. Sec Great RiJgt, .
BVFFALOH Crtikt in Nevv-York, it
a water of Niagara R. from the E. into
which it empties, near iti mouth, op>
pofite Lake Erie. The Seneca Indiana
have a town 5 miles from its mouth,
which is able to furniih ^o warriors,,
N. lat. 4->. sa*
BuFFALOC, atownfhip W. of Suf-
qi'.channi R. in Pennlylvania. Se^
Nortbumbtrland County,
BvFFALOE R. in the Tenneftec go-
vernment, runs S. weftward into Ten*
neftce K. in N. lat. }$• 10.
BuFi'ALOE R, a water of the Ohio*
which it enters at the S. hank, 60 milea
above the mouth of the ^ •''abaih.
Buff ALOE Low Lands ^ i. tiafl of
land in Northumberland co. Pennfyi-
vania, about 88 miles S. £. from Prelique
Ifie.
Buffaloe Snuampt inPennfylvania.^
See Great Swamp- ,.
BucARALLi Point, on the N* W.
coaft of N. America, lies in the 54th
degree of N. lat. and 39th of W. long*
and forms the N. eaftern fide of pixon'f
Entrance, as Wafliington or Qufen
Charlotte's lUands foim its S, weflien|
tide.
BulfinchV Harbour, Co named by
Capt. Ingraham, on the N, W. coaq
of N. America, lies in N. lat. 46. 5a|»
W. long. yaj. 7^
Bullit's Lick, lies on Salt R. ii)
Kentucky, from, whi^^b Halt %ring thf
river
river takM Sti Mint. It Urn midHm
from thi lUpiilt «f the Obio» near
Siitfburshi and U th« firft that wM
worked in the country.
Bull f/bmdf one of the s Ulaoda
which form thcN. part of CharUlkown
harbour, 8. Cai-olina.
BvLLOCK*e F$iHt ami Ntckt on the
caftcrn fida of Providence R. Rhode- 1.
BtiLLOCK, a new county in Ocor-
gia.
Bulls Ba^» or Balml Bay, a noted
bay in Newiuumiland I. a little to the
S. of St. John'* harbour, on the E. fide
of that idand. It ha« 14 fathom water,
and is very fate, being land-locked.—
The only danger is a ruck^ ao yards
from Bread-aml-Checfe Point, another
with 9 feet water off Mogotty Cove.
Lat. 50. so. N. long. 57. lo. W.
Bulls iflandt a fmall ifle N. of
Charlcftuwn ttaihour. See S, Canlka.
BuLLHKiN, a townfhip in Fayette co.
Pennfylvania.
BuNCOMB, the lareeftand moftwcft-
em county of Nortn Carolina, and
perhaps the moft mountainous and hil-
ly in the United States. It is in Mor-
gan difti iA, bounded W. bv the ftate
of Tenneflee) and S. by the ftate of
South Carolina. The Blue Ridge paf-
fes through Buncomb, and gives riie to
many large rivers, as Catabaw, Wa-
teree, Broad R. and Pacolet.
BuROEO Jflttt lie in White Bear Bay,
Newfoundland I. Great Burgeo* or
Kdipfe I. lies in N. lat. 47. 35. W. long.
57. SI.
Burke Co. in Morgan diftriA, N.
Carolina, has Si 18 inhabitants, includ-
ing 595 flavcs. Its capital is Morgan-
town.
BuRKB Ce. in the Lower diftri^l of
Georgia, contains 9467 inhabitants, in-
cluding 595 flaves. Its chief town are
Louifville, and Waynefliorough.
BuRKB, a townmip in Cakdonla co.
in Vermont j diftant from Bennington,
134 miles N. £.
Burlington, a townfliip in Otfego
CO. New-York, was divided into two
towns in 1797, by an a£l of the Icgifla-
ture.
Bur LiNCTON, is a pleadmt townfliip,
the chief in Chittenaon co. Vermont,
fituated on :he S. fide of Onion R. on
the E. banic of Lake Champlain. It
has 332 inhabitants. It is in this
huiUby and agreeable fituattoo, that
BUE %$
tht tomor and ptivMt «r ih» o4>
lege of Vennmtt iaMnd \» fetuad •
fenimrjr of lMraUig» where youth «|
all deMiniaatiena ma/ rac<ivt an a^w*
cation. «
In digging a well about if roda §nm
tht bank of the iiver» froga have be«9
found, at the depth of %$ fiMt, wharf
no eavitieaor communication withtbf
water appeared, tluough which they
might have paffled | and when cxpoM
to the heat of the fun, they became fvik
of life and aHivity. Here ftumpa of
trees are found 40 feet deep. It h
conje£lured that theff animals mut
have been covered up Ibme hundred
years ago, b^ fone inundation of the
river. Burlington is aa miles norther-
ly of VergsnncB, tst from Bennii^ont
and 33« in tne fame dircAion trom
New. York city, N. lat. 44. 30.
Burlington, or OtutuflMi Baj,
on the £. fide of LakeChampMin, about
34 miles N. by £. from Crown Poin^
69 S. £. from Lake St. Francia in Su
Lawrence R. and 70 foutherly from SCu
John's. N. let. 44. «a.
Burlington Ce. in New.JcrAf»
extends acrol's from the Atlantic ocean
OH the S. E. to Delaware R. and part
of Huntingdon co. on the N. W. in
length about 60 miles. A great pro-
portion of it is barren { about |tha of
It, however, is under good cultivation,
and is generally level, and is prettf
well watered. It has 18,095 inhabit-
ants, including aa7 flavca.
Burlington, city, the chief town
of the above county, is under the go«
vcrnment of a mayor, aldermen, and
common council. The extent of the
tuwiiQiip ia 3 miles along the Del%>
ware, and a mile back { Dcing about
18 miles N. E. of Philadelphia, and 11
from Trenton. The itland, which ia
the moft populous part, ia about a nile
each way. It has 4 entrances over
bridges, ami caufeways, and a quantity
of bank meadow adjoining. On the
ill and arc; about i6ohouies, 1000 white,
and 140 black inhabitants ) few of the
latt are flaves. The main ftreets are
conveniently (jpacious, and moftly of-
namented with rows of ti-ees. The
town is oppofite Briftol in Pennfylva-
nia, where the river is atiout a mile
wide. Under the ftielter of Mittinicunfc
and Burlington iflands, is a fafe harbcwrt
commodiouilly fituatcd for tnwlei Irat
£a ^to«
60
BtJT
tUb nmr the 0|iulcnt city of PhitedeU
^hkto admit of any eonfidenible in-
creafe of foreign commerce. Bur1ing«
MH was firit ftttted in 1677* and Kas
•naeadcmvand free fchool. Mittini*
tiiak T. bcwnga to the latter* and yields
• yiearty pront of £. 180. Burling
tan hss » place of public worfliip for
thfe Priendi, and another for the E)iif>
<0paliana| the former denomination
0r chnftiant are th;. moft numerous.
Here km two 1 tarket houfes, a court-
koufCf and thcbeft gaol in the Arte.
T^cre ic likewife a nail mamifaA ry,
•lid an excellent diftillcry. N. lat. 40. 8.
• BvRLiNOTOir, a townfliip on the
«tftem fjdeof UnadUhi R. in Otfego
CO. New^York, is 1 1 miles W. of Coo-
' |kerflown. By ;he (tate CenAis of 1796,
438 of its inhabitants are ele£lors.
Burnt-Coat IJhxd, See PfMb-
Jtvt Bay,
Burton, r- fmall townfliif in Graf,
ton CO. New.Hampfhitet which was in-
corporafd in 1766, and coiHaios 141
jAhahitants.
Burton, a townHiip in the Britiih
province of New-Srunrwick, fituated
m Sunbury co. on the river St. John.
Busby fonun, in the ifland of St.
Domingo, lies near Port-au-Prince, and
has a fort.
BvsHTVwff. See Harford,ManlaK(i.
BusHwiCK, a fmall, but pfeifsim
town, in King's co. Long I. New- York.
The inhabitants, 540 in number, are
chiefly ot Dutch extraAionj 99 of
tHefe are eleAors.
Bv iHY Ruu; aN. E. branch of Se-
isrickly Creek, near the head of which
ia General Boquet's Field. The creek
Tuns S. wefterly into Youghiogrny K.
so miles €. E, from Pittlburg, in ?enA-
lylvania.
Bustard R. in Upper Canada, runs
into St. Lawrence R. S. wreftward of
Black R. in a bay of its own name. It
ftins a great way inland. ?nd has com-
munication with feve jl lakes ; and at.
itn TiOuth lie the Ofiers Iflands. N. lat.
49. «o. W. long;. 68. 5.
Butler'/ Totwi, on the W. fide of
the head w&ters of the Ohio.
Butt fRFi ELD, a fetttlement in
Cumberland co. didriA of Maine, hav-
ing 189 inhabitants. It lies about 43
mUes N. fron^ Falmouth, on CafcoBay ;
having ButteiHcld Slip on the N. and
Bucktown en chiiitourh.
B YR
.Btrt4-ERHitL, a high round hill, e.i
the W. bMik of Hudfon river, at tiw
northern entrance of the highlands. In
paifing this hill, afcending the river;,
thepaflenger isprefented with a charm-
ing view of New-Windfor and New-
burgh.
Button'/ Boj^, m the W. part of
Hudfon bay, N.ot, and near to Church-<
hill River. Sir Thomas Button loft
his fliip here, and came hack in a floop
I'uilt in the country. Suite's JJIes lie
on the fouthem fide of Hudfon ftraitS)
at the entrance of Cape Chidley. *
BuXALOON's, an Indian town on the
N. W. bank of Alleghany R. j nearly
15 miles iirom Fort Franklin, at its
mouth.
Buxton, a townfliip in York co.
diftrift of Maine, fituated on SacoR. )
t6 miles N. wcft<:rly from Pepperclbo-
rough, at the mouth of that nvef, and
1 18 miles N. E. of Bofton ; containing
1^64 inhabitants.
Buzzard'/ Bay, in MafTachufetts,
together with Barnftable Bay on the
N. E. form the peninfiila whow extremi-
ty is called Cape Cod. It lies betweetf
N. lat. 41. 25. and4t.4«. and between
70. 38. and 71. 10. W. long, froni
Greenwich, running into the land about
30 miles N. £. by N. ^nd its breadth
at an average is about 7 miles. Its en-
trnr)cehasSeakonet Point and rocks W.
anu the Sow and Pigs off the S. W. end
of Cattahunk, one of the Elisabeth
iflands, on the Eaft.
Byberry, a townfliip in Philadel-
phia CO. Pennfylvania.
Byefield, a parifli in Newbury,
Efliexco. MafTachiifetts. In a quarry
of limeflone .tcve, is found the t'jbtjlott
or incorruptible cotton, as it is fome-
times called. Beautifully variegated
marble, which admits a good poliOi^
has likewife been found in the (Ume vi-
cinity. Here is alfo a flourilhing wool-
en nmnufaAory ellabiilhed on a liberal
fcale : and niachineiy for cutting n^iils.
Byram R. \t a fmall ftreain, only
noticeable as forming part of thr T-
em boundary of Conne£licut. I >^Ji.
into Long I. tbund, oppofite Captain's
Iflands.
ByranToovw, in Charles CO. Mary,
land, is about 9 miles N. E. from Port
Tobacco } and ^4 S. £. from the Fede»
ral City.
Byrd, Fort, Uci on the eallem
biult
ill, en
it the
. In
river;.
b«rm-
New-
partof
liurch-»
n loft
a (loop
lies lie
ftraits,
ft
on the
ntarly
at its
'ork CO,
aco R< }
perelbo-
«^-, and
ntaining
chufetts, I
on the
cxtremif -
betweerf
, between
>ng. fiort
,na about
breadth
Its en-
ocka W.
I.W.end
lisabeth
|philadd>
lowburyt
la quarry
ijbt/let,
18 fome-
priegated
ti poli(h|
feme vi-
lingwool-
a liberal
kng n^iU*
taift, only
Ithr ^-
|Captun'»
to. Mary.
irom Port
Ithe Fed«»
Ke etfttfA
bauk
C MB
bank of Monongabela K.{ on the
$• fide of the mouth ot Ked* Stone
Creek j 3 « miles S. fi-om Pitifburg, and
about J9 N. W. from Ohiooyle Falls.
On or near this fpot ftands the coa>jf*Si
£art of the town of BrowniVille. N.
it. 39. 58. W. long. 81. i«.
ByronV Bai/» on the N. £. coaft of
Labnulcr.
CABARRUS, a new to. in the dif-
trlft of Sali(bury, North- Carolina.
Cabha, ct Cabella, a cape on the
coaft of Terra Finna, in 6. America.
! . lat. 10. 3,
Cabin Point, a fmall poft town in
Suny CO. Virginia, fitualed on Upper
Chipoak creek, a6 miles E, S. E. ot Pe-
teribargh, 87fromPortfmouth, and 329
S. S. W. ot Philadelphia. N. lat. 37.
Cai^o DU CrV7 , a bold point of land
en the S. fulc of the iiland of Cuba.
N.lat. 19. 57*
( iBQ DE St. Juan, the N. eaftem-
raod point of the ifland of Porto Kico.
N. lat. t8. 30.
Cabot, a townihip in Caledonia co.
Vermont. It is fituated on the height
of land between lake Champlain and
Connecticut R. about 17 miles frnnthe
1 5 mile falls in the above named R. and
contains iioi inhabitants.
Cabron, Cape, the N. E. point of
Prefque ifle de Samana, in the iiland of
St. Domingo, 1 a leagues S. E. by £. of
oi'j Cape Francois, N. lat. i^. 13.
Cacapehon, a river ot Virginia,
which runs al)out 70 miles N. ealierly
along the wellern fide of Nor^.h Ridge,
and empties into Putowmack R. 30
miles N. from Frederic kftown.
Cachi-mayo, a large R. in Peru, S..
America, which falls into the ocean
within a leagues of La Plata.
Cadiz, a town on the N. fide of the
illaad of Cuba, near 160 miles £. ql
Havannah, and 50 N. from Spiritu
Santo.
Caen, the chief city of Cayenne, in
French Guiam, in S. America. See
Cayenne.
CASRNAnvoN, a townfliip in Lan-
cafterco. Pcnnlylvania.
CiESARiA i?. or Cobanfie Creek, in
New Jerlty, empties into Delaware
Bay, alter a S. wtfterly courfc of about
30 railes. It is navigable for vwflcls oi
c A L ir
100 torn as ftr M BridgetoiM» lemUe*
from ite mouth.
Caghmewaoa, atribeof lAdianfinr
■Lower Canada, fome. of whom iohabtt
near Montreal.
Caohnewaoa, the name of a fioa)!
village or partfli on tbe N. fide of M»«
hawk R. in the townfliip of Johnftown*
about 14. miles W. of Schene^ady. It
is not improbable that the tribe of In*
dians mentioned in the preceding «-
tide formerly inhabited this place.'
See JobttJIoviM.
Cahoxia, a fettlcment in the N.
weftern territory, N. of Kafkaikiae.
Calabeza, a town of 8. America*
in Terra Firma, on Oroonoko river.
Calcaylarm, a jurifdi£lion in S*
America, and empire of Peru, fubjeft
to the bifliop of Colco, about 4 lea^piea
W. of that city; exuberant in all kind*
of grain and fruits, and fugar equal to
any of the refined fugar of Europe.
Formerly it produced 80,000 arobas $
but the quantity is nowfaid to be much
lei's.
CA'i'Ats, a townfliip in Caledonia eo.
Verifiont, 105 miles N. eafterly of Ben«
nington. It has 45 inhabitants.
Caldersburgh, a townfliip in Or-
leans CO. in Vermont, is about 15^
miles N. E. from Bennington, and it
W. of Conne6ticut river.
CALEOONiA,NEW,avery large ifland
in the Pacific Ocean, S. W. and not far
diflant, from the New Hebiides, firft
difcovcred by Capt. Cook, in 1774. It
is about 87 leagues long ; its breadth
is various and no where exceeds ten
leagues. It is inhabited by a race of
(tout, tall, well proportioned Indiana
uf a fwarthy or dark cheijiut brown.
A kw leagues ditfant are two fmall
iflands, called ifland of Piitei and So'
tany ifland.
Caledonia Co. in Vermont, con«
tains 14. townlhips and has Coniie£>icut
river S. E.; Orleans and Chittenden
counties N. W. j E<1".x co. N. E. } and
Orange co. of which, until lately, it
formed a part, S. W.
Caledonia, a portontheilthmusof
Daricn, in the N. bca, 25 leagues N.
W. from the river Ati ato. It wis at-
tempted to be cltabliflied by the Scotch
nation in 1698, and iiad at fixft all the
pruiniling appeal ance of iiccel's { but
the Englifli iidlueiiced by imnov» xm^
tional prejudice^, jput every impe(!i>
£3 psf
im C A L
incnl in tiMir i«tf } which johed to
tlie unhcakhinefs of the climatct de«
tttmfA the infant colony. See Darhn.
CAti, a eity of New Granada, S.
America, fituated on the river Cauca.
Theftapk port for this city, a$ alTo Foi-
thtfis of Popayan, Santa Fe, and the
famhem parts of Terra Pirma, is Bon*
M«&tura in the diftriA of Popayan.
TIm road by land fiom that port is not
jMiilible for beafta of burden ;.fe that
UwreUers, with their baggage, are car-
ried on the backs of Indians in a chair,
with which weight they crofs rivers and
mountains, being entirely Haves to the
S|l»aniard8, who thus Aibftitute them in
the room of horfes and mules. N.
lat. 3. 1 5. W. long. 76. 30.
Camiogie /{ftvr and Sound, on the
ooaft of S. Carolina, from the outlet of
May and ^w rivets.
CALirORNtA, anextenfivepeninfula
of N.America, lying between the tropic
of Cancer and the 38. N. lat. } waAied
on the ]^. by a gulph of the fame name,
and on the W. by the Pacific ocean, or
great S. See ; lying within the three
capes or limits of Cape St. Lucas, the
river Collerado and Cape Blanco de
80a Sebaftian« which is called its weft-
em limit. The gulf which \ ilhes it
on the £. called the gulf of California,
is an arm of the Pacific ocean, inter-
cepted between Cape Corientes on the
one fide, and Cape St. Lucas on the
other \ ihat is between Mexico or New
Spain on the N. E. and that of Califor-
nia on the W, The length of Califor-
nia is about 300 leagueij, in breadth it
bears no proportion, not being more
than 40 leagues acrofs, from Tea to fea.
The country is very fruitful, abounds
with domeftic animals brought thitlier
originsiiy from Spain, and with fome
wild animals not known in Old or New-
Spain. The climate is fultry, the heat
in fummer being excefllively fevere.
The Roman Catholics talk of having
met with confiderable fuccefs in con-
tHSiting the Caiiibrnians toChriftianity.
The Chief town is St Juan.
Cortes difcovei'ed tliis country in
1536} but Sir Frsnris Drake was the
firii who took poffeiTion of it, in 1578 ;
^id bis right was confirmed by the
principal king or chief in the whole
oountry.
Callao, afea^port town in the rm-
^ (tf P being the port or h»ibour
...---•4 > ■
t Kh
of Lim«, and is fituated % leiguci fttm
that city. On the N. fide runs th«
river which waters Lima, on which fide
is a fhiall fuburb built only of reeds.
There is another on the S. fide } they
are both called Pitipifti, and inhabited
bv Indians. To tne E. arc cxtenfive
plains, adorned with beau^U.orcbaixli
watered by canals cut fr<^P^rik river.
The town, which is built on a low flat
point of land, was ftrongly fortified in
the reign of Philip IV. ; and numerous
batteries command the port and road/
which is the greateft, fineft, and fafeft
in all the South Sea. There is anchor-
age every where in very deep water,
without danger of rocks or fiioals, ex-*
cept one, which is 3 cables-length from
the fliore, about the m'ddle of the
ifland of St. Lawrence, oj<pofite La
Galatea. The little ifland of Caliab
lies juft before the town. It. the open-
ing between thefe two iflands, there
are two finall iflots, or rather rocks )
there is alfo a third very low, but half
a league out at fea, S. S. £. from the
N. W. point of the ifland of St. Law-
rence. Near the fea-fide is the go.
vtrnor's h 5ufe, which, with the viceroy's
palace, take up two fides of a fquarr ^
the parifli church makes a third ; and a
battery of 3 pieces of cannon forms the
fourth. Tlie churches are built of
cants interwoven, and covered with
clay, or painted white. Here are 5
monafteries, and an hoCpital- The
houfes are in general built of flight
materials i the lingular circumftancc of
its never raining in this country, ren-
ders ftone houfes unneceflaiy ; and
befides, thefe are mere apt to fufler
from earthquakes, which are frequent
btre. The moft remarkable happened
in the year 1746, which laid |ths of
Lima level with the ground,, and en-
tirely demoliflied CaUao} where the
deftru^ion was fo entire, that only one
man, of 3000 inhabitants, was left to
record this dreadful calamity. S. lat.
I J. I. W. long. 77.
Caliacalles, a river of Chili
which falls into the S. Sea at Baldivia.
CALHAquA, a town and harbour at
the S. W. end of St. Vincent, one of
the Caribbee iflands. The harbour i« '
the beft in the ifland, and draws thither
a great part of the trade, and the prin-
cipal innabii mts of the ifland.
C/VLO8, a bny on the W. coaft ci
tlw
Ire are 5
The
night
i<
try, ren-
I and
luffer
'requtnt
lapptned
|ths of
and en-
lere the
)uly one
left to
S. lat.
coaft of
the
CfAM
tte pialnMiL of E. Florida, ^^ are
«<ielleKit ftfliing banks and grounds.
Not far froAi this is a c6aftAtrih\h
town of Seminole Indians ^ The Spa-
tiiahis frotii Ctiha take great qaaomies
•f afh here* and barter with twin-
dians and traders for fkins^ fiirs, 8tc.
and retugMM^h tlieii' cargoes to Cuba.
CKmMmttt m the N. W. coaft of
N. AmefRI, lies within Briftol Bay,
on the northern fide.
Caln, Ea/i and fTeJf, two town-
fliips in Chefter co. Pennfylvania.
CalpoLaliPan, a mountain in New
Mexico, which abounds with quarries
of jafp€r and marble of different colours.
Calvert Co. in Maryland, on the
W. fliore of the Chefapeak; it is
about 33 miles long, and narrow.
Cam AN A, a jurifdi^tion of S. Ame-
rica, in the empire of Peru, under
the bifliop of Arequipa, very exfeniive,
but full of defarts, tome diftance from
the South Sea coaft. Eaftward it ex-
tends to the borders of the Andes ;
abounds in grain, fruits, and fome Gi-
ver mines.
Cambridge, a townlhip in Grafton
CO. New-Hampfljire, E. of Androfcog-
gin, and S. of Umbagog Lake.
Cambridge, a townlhip in Wafli-
ington CO. New- York. By the cenfus
of 1790, it contained 4996 mhabitants,
including 41 Haves. By the ftate cen-
fus of 1796, It appeal's there are 623
electors.
CAMBRrDGE, the half {hire town of
Midcllefex co. Maflacluifetts, is one of
the largeft and moft rel'peftable town-
fhips oi the coniUy. Its 3 parifhes, Cnni-
bridge, Littk Cambridge:, and Menoto-
my, contain 3 Congregational meeting
houfeg, one for BaptittiJ, aiid another
for Epifcopulians; a number of very
^eafant feats, and 1115 inhabitants.
The - elegant bri'lge which connects
this town with Bollon has be. n dclcrib
ed undei' the head of Bofton. The
compail part of the bridge is plealkjitly
fituated 3f miles wtftwnrd of Bofbn,
on the N. bank of Ciwrles river, over
which is a biidoe leading to Little Cam-
bridge. It contains about 100 dwel-
ling houfes. Its public buildings, be-
fides the ediwces which belonir to Har-
vard Univerfity, are the Epifcopal and
Congregational meetlng-houles, and a
handibme coiirt-houie. The college
buildings arc 4 in number', and are of
brii:k,riathed Harvard, r vndMaf-
fachnfttts Hj01i> and ^«a Chapeli
They ftaiiS on a beautifnl green which
fpreads to th« N^ W. and exhibit •
pleafing vi^t This univerfity, at to
Its libraiy, pfiilofophical apparatus and
prdteiTorlhipSf is at prelent the firft li-
terary inftitution on tnis continent, tt
takes its date from the year 1638^ 7
years after the f.vfk fettlement in the
townfliip, then called Newtonvn. Since
its eftabliihment, to July, i794-» 3399
ftwdents have received honcraiy de.
grees from its fuccefllive officers. It
has generally from 140 to 200 ftudents.
The library contains upwards of ix,o66
volumes. The cabinet of minerals; iii
the mufeum, contains the more ufefitl
produflions of nature ; and excepting
what are called the precious JioneSt there
are veiy few fubftances yet difcovered
in the mineral kingdom, but w'aat may
be found here. The univerfity owes
this noble collection of minerals, and
feveral other natural curiofities, to the
munificence of Dr. Lettlbm, of London,
and to that of the republic of France*
N. lat. 42. 23. 28. W. long, from
Greenwich 71. 7. 30.
Cambridce, a poft town of Ninety-
Six diftri£l, in the upper country of
S, Carolina, where the circuit courts
^re held. It contains about 6a houfes,
a court-houfe and a brick gaol. The
college by law inftituted here is no bet-
ter than a grammar fchool. [See Sottth
Carolina.^ It is 80 miles N, N. W.
of Columbia ; 50 N. by W. of A«-
gulta in Georgia, 140 N. Wi of
Charleftown, and 762 S. W. of Phila-
delphia. N. lat, 34. 9.
Cambridge, the chief town of Dor-
chefter co. Maryland, is fitnatecf on the
S. fide cf Choptank R. about 13 miles
E. S. E. from Cook's Point at its
mouth; 9 W. S. W. from Newmarket,
and 57 S. E. from Baltimore. Its fi-
tuation is healthy, and it contains
about jO houfes and a church. N. lat.
38- 34.
Cambridge, in Franklin co. Ver-
mont, is fituated on both fides of I,a
Moilie R. abodt 20 miles W. of Lake
Champlain, and has 359 inhabitants.
Camden Co. in Edenton diftriil, N.
Carolina, is on the N. E. corner of tlie
date. It has 4033 inhabitants, includ-
ing 1038 Haves. Jonefljorough ip
chief town.
Ef r
7B CAM
. Camokn D^riBy in the upper coun-
try of S. Carolina, has Cheraws diftri^l
on the N. £. Georgetown dtliri£): on
the S. E. and the ftate of N. Caittlina
on the N. } and is divided htto the fol-
lowing counties, Fairfield, Richland,
Clarendon, Claremont, KeWhaw, Sa-
lem and Lancailer. It is %i miles from
N. to S. and 60 from £. to W. ind
contains j3,z65 inhabitants, including
886 j flaves. This diftriA is watere*!
hy the Wateree, or Catabaw R. and ics
branches \ the upper patt is variegated
with hills, generally fertile and well
watered. It produces Indian corn,
wheat, I ye, barley, tobacco, and cot-
ton. The Catabaw Indiais, the only
tribe which refide in the ftate, live in
the N. part of this diftri£t. See Cata.
banu.
Camden, a poft town, and chief of
Camden diftri^l, S. Carolina, in Ker-
ihaw CO. ftarnU on tlie E. fide of Wa<
teree R. ; 35 miles N. £.of Columbia ;
55 S. W. of Cheraw } i»o N. by W.
of Charieftown, and 643 S. W. ot Phi-
ladelphia. It is regularly laid out, and
coatainsi about isohoufcs, an Epifco-
pal church, a covirt-houie and gaol.
The navigable river on which the town
ftands, enables the inhabitants to carry
on a lively trade with the back coun-
try. N. lat. 34. II. W. long. %o, 54.
This town, or near it, was the fcene
of two battles in the late war. On the
1 6th of Auguft, 1780, between Gen.
Gates and Lord Cornwallis, in which
the American general was ilefe;«ted.
The other was a briik a£lion between
Lord Rawdon and Gen. Greene, on
the a 5th April, 1781. Lord Kaw-
<U)n rallied out of the town with 800
men, and attacked the American camp,
which was within a mile of the town.
Tlie Ameiicans had ii6 men killed,
and 100 taken priibners, and the Bri-
tifh had about 100 killed. The town
was evacuated the 9th of May, in the
fame year, r er Lord Rawdon had
burned thu ^ '!, nn
luMil'es, and pan Mi '■•'■
Camden Co. in 1!
Georgia, at th S. '^■
flate, on Sr
liabitants,
town St. Pair K. :.,
Camden, v f<ir»i.'' ;pft town on the
wellem fide of Pt. 'c« ; ; iv, lit; 51
of Maine, and the ^. cat.-,, r ,:> jft tov u-
•" , r.iiny private
jwn f :i -gage.
ijwer clillrift of
rrrner ^ >' the
'■ii\ :..H, cof.^iiiii-! jc <; -n-
'u'J''r ■ ■/'> iiiVi-jt. Cl'.ef
CAM
flilp of Lincoln co. hiving Thomaftown
on the S. W. \ 35 miles N. N. E* firora
Pownalhorough, an4, )is|i ^ilcs N. £.
fromBofton.
Camden, a village lu Kent co. ftate
of! |KM^i|if^ I about 4. miles S. W.
(tcm%0'ntt and 5 N. weiicrly from
Frederics. '"'-^^^
CAMiLLUS,oneoft|if|HBKtoivn-
(liips in New-Yoi-k, W/oSSMlrLuke,
and about 18 miles S. W. frcni Fort
Brewington.
Cam JJUtndt one of .the fnialler
Virgin Ifles, in the W. Indies} iituated'
near St. John's in the King's Channel.
N. lat. 18. so. W. lon^. 63. S5.
Campbell Co. in Virginia, liesE.
of Bedfoiid co. on Stannton R. It is 45
miles long, and 30 broad, and contains
7685 inhabitants, including 2488 flaves.
Camfselltown, a village in Dau-
phin CO. Pennlylvania, which ftands
near a water of Qiiitipihilla Creek j 1 3
miles E. of Harrifburgh, and 96 N. W.
of Philadelphia.
Campbelltown, in N. Carolina, is
a large and flourilhing town on a branch
of Cape Fear R. 100 miles above Wil-
mington; having, according to Bar-
tram, '* above 100 houfes.many wealthy
merchants, relpedable public buiidings,
a vafl refort of^ inhabitants and travel-
lers, and continual brifk commerce by
waggons, from the back fettlements,
witn large trading boats."
Campbell's Fort^ in the fiate of
Tenneflee, ftands near the jun£kion of
Holfton R. with the Tenncflee; diftant
X 35 miles from Abingdon, in Wafhing-
ton CO. Virginia, and 445 W. of Rich-
mond in Virginia.
Campbell's Salineit in North H0I-,
(ton, in the ftate of Tenneflee, are the
only ones that have yet been difcovered
on the upper branches of the Tenneflee,
though great fearch has been made for
them. Large bones, like thofe found
at Big Bone Lick, have been dug ii^
here} and other circumftances render
the tra^ which contains the falines a ,
great natural curiofity. Capt. Charles
Camj^hell, one of the firft explorers of
tiu wf! irn country, made the difico-
ver • r,. this trail in 1745. I" »753> he
obt.i.ied a patent for it from ti»e go-
vt?; cr of Virginii.. His Ion, the late
Gfi, William dvnpbcU, the fame who
behaved 10 gallantly in the years 1780,
and 1781, became owner of it on hi»
dcatii.
m
tines a .
'haiies
rers of \
^
diCca- '
\
53. he
le go-
■
he ate '
'•
le who "
1
1780,
;'
}n hi»
i
death.
CAM
death
his Atzt
and dear,
ed, a
Since
a confiderablc
fands
it, witi
at a
aboui .^^^^
as rich IsTlSil as can be imagined
tliis flat, pits are I'unk, in order to ob-
tain the fait water. The heft is found
from -jO to 40 feet deep } after paifing
through the rich foil or mud, from 6
to 10 feet; you come to a very brittle
'imeoftoneYocki with craclcs or chafins,
through which the fait water iflues
into the pits, whence it is drawn bv
buckets and put into the boilers, which
are placed in furnaceK adjoining the
pifs. The hin» that furround this flat
are covered with line timhtr ; and a
coal mine has been diicovered not far
from it.
Campeachy, a town in the audi-
ence of Old-Merlco, or New-Spain,
and province of Yrcaten, fituate<l on
the bay of Campeachy, near the W.
fliore. Its hotifes are well built of
Hone; when taken by tlie Spaniards it
was a large town of 3000 boiifes, and
had conftderabltf' monuments of Indian
art and induftry. There is a good
dock and fort, with a governor and
garrilbn, which commands both the
town and harbour. It has been often
ftornied and taken, both by the Englifli
and Frencit huccaniers, in 1659, 1678,
and lad in 1685, when thele treebooters
united, and plunderetl every place with-
in 15 leagues round it, for the ipace of
two months; they afteiwards iet fire
to the fort and town, witich the go-
vernor, who kept the field with his men,
would not ranlbm ; and to complete
the pillage by a fingular piece of folly,
the French buccaniers celebrated the
feall of their kin?, the day of St. Louis,
by burning to the value of j|^. 50,000
fteiling, of Campervchy wood, which
was a part of their (hare of the plun-
der. The port is large but (hallow.
It was a ftated market tor logwoo<l, of
which great quantities grew in the
neighbourhood, before the Englifli land-
ed there, and cut it at the ifthmus,
which they entered at Triefte liland,
n«;ar the bottom of the bay, 40 leagues
C AN n
S. W. from Campeachy. The.chitf
manqfaAure here >• cotton cloth. Lit.
15 40. long. 91. 30.
Campo BstLO, a loneaad nanrovr
, on the F. coail of Walhington
dl^ria or Maine, and the N. eaft-
imoft of all the iflands of the diftcia.
It lies at t^ie mouth of a large bay into
which Co^fcook river empties, and baa
communication with F^CtmaqiMild/
bay, on the N. by two channels ; tM
omfr between the W. fide of Deer I. and
the continent ; the other into the motuh
of Paflamaquoddy ba]^, between Deer
I. and the N. end of Campo Bello I.
which lies in about N. lat. 44. 4t.
The S. end is 5 mile* N. wefterly from
Grand Mannait I.
Campton, a fmall townfliip in
Grafton co. New-Hampfiiire, fitmud
on the E. bank of Pcmigewafltt, the
N. head water of Mtrruiuck R* ; 35
miles N. E. of Dartmouth CoUe$e»
aiKi 67 N. W. of Portfinouth. It WM
incorporated in 1761, aad contains S9f
inhabitants. N. lat. 43. 51.
Canaan, a thriving townAiip in
Lincoln co. (iillrif^ of Maine, fituated
on Kennebeck R. abe\it 7 miles N. of
Hancock, and S33 N. by £. of Bofton ;
Incorporated in 1788, aod contains 454
inhabitants.
A plantation in Hancock co. is alio
thus named, h?.ving 1 3a inhabitai\^«.
Canaan, a towhlhip in Grafton co.
New-Hamprnire, 10 miles £. of Dart-
mouth Colt≥ incorporated in 1761.
In 1775 it contained 67, and in ij^o,
483 inhabitants.
Canaan, a tcwnfhip io Litchfield
CO. ConneAicut, E. ot Houfatonick R.
having Maflachufctts he N. Here
is a forge and (litting i.iill, creAcd on a
new conftir^ion; and tue iron ufed
here is faid to be excellent. In the
mountains of Canaan, are found valua-
ble fpecimens of minerals, particularly
lead and iron. It lies 60 inilea N. of
New-Haven, and 40 N. W. from Hart-'
ford.
Canaan, a townfliip in Efiex co.
Vermont, is the N. ealternmolt town
in the (late. It ftands at the foot of
the Upper Great Monadnock, and has
19 inhabitants.
Canaan, a townlhip in Columbia
CO. New-Ycj-k, having Kfjiderhook on
the W. and Maflacliufetts E. It has
66^7. inhabitants, including 3s ^^^^^^i
663
t4 <?AJt
4<l af tki frae inhsbitanta are ilallbrs.
CANiiDii. Th« BrMO) pn>vincM of
^fpirmd Lower Canada, conAituted
b^ aft of ]pai1]affieftt in 1791, coinpre
hmd tht territory heretofore ^«K
CSaiaic^ They lie between 61. af'^
W*ktng< firttm London, and '
4s. 30. and 5«. N. iat. In length
ritout t40» mitet, and in breadth 500;
Boonded N. by New-Britain and un-
known ceuntriea { B. by New. Britain,
*d the gnlf of St. Lawrence ; S. IC.
imd fouthctly» by the province of New-
BruaMck, thediftria of Maine, New-
BampAire, Vermont, New. York, and
tlfe Lake* i the weftem boundary is un-
dbfined. The proVince of Upper Cana>
da i» the fame hs what has been com-
Mionly called the Ifppar Country. It
fiea N» of the great Lakes, and is fepa>
rated from New^^York by the river St.
Lawrettoe, here called the Cataraqui,
wd the lakes Ontario and Eric.
'Lower Candid lies on both fiJes the
i^«tt St. Lawrence, between 6 1 . and 7 1 .
W. kmg. fr6m London ; and 45. and
tt. N. rat. and is bounded S. by New-
Sninfwick, M^iine, N«f"'-i." ^fliire,
Vermont, and New- York 5 and W. by
Upper Canada. '
Thf line between Upper and Lower
Canada commences at a (lone bound -
«7 on the N. bank of lake St. Francis,
in Sr< Lawrence K. at the cove W. of
Point au Boudet, theiice nortlierly to
Ottawas R. and to its fource in lake
Toniiicaning, tit«nce due N. till it
ftrikes the tw>undary of Hudfoii bay, or
New-Britain. Upper Canada to in-
clude all the territory to the weft wart!
and fouthward of faiu line, to the ut-
moft extend of the country known by
thi; name of Canada.
Winter continues, with fuch feverity,
from December to Anril, as that the
iargeft rivers dre frozen over, and the
foow lies commonly from four to iix
fttt deep during the winter. But the
air ia id lerenc and clear, ami the in-
habitants fo well defended agalnft the
cold, thai' this feafon is neither un-
healthy nor unpieafant. The fpiing
opc:ns fuddcnly, and vegetation is fur-
firifingly rapid. The lummer is de-
ightrul, except that a pait of k is ex-
tremely hot. Though the climate be
cold, and the winter long nnd tedious,
the ibil is in general > > good, and in
many parts both ple^ at and tcrtile,
C AU
prodMcIng^iaWi parley, rye, wftA
iU|ip'%MHHH||yMrtiCular,
and f^^^Bpkiratcd,
ebcc, and
St .Lawrence,
' forthd
richnelT'^Hni^^^^^^^^Deadow^
grounds in Canam[|^^|^^^M| wa-
tered, yield excellen^^^HB feed
great numbers of gitat and Iroan cattk.
From Quebec, the capital, to Mont>
real, which is about 170 miks,. in faiU^
ing up the river St. Lawrence, tFt*" eyi<
isoitertainedwith beautiful landfcapea,
the banks being in many places very
bold and fteep, and {haded with lofty
trees. The f irms lie pretty clofe all
the way, leveral gentlemen's houfes,
neatly built, fliew themfelves at inter-
vals, and there is all the appearance of
a flourifliing colony; but there are
few towns or villages. Many beauti-
fiil iflands are interfperfed in the chan-
nel of the river, which have an agreea-
ble effeft upon the eye.
By the Quebec aft, paflTed by the
parliament ot Great Britain in the year
1791, it is enafttd, that there Ihall bt"
within each of the provinces of Upper
and Lower Canada, a legiilative coun-
cil, and an aflembly, who, with the
cunf'ent of the governor, appointed by
the king, fliall have power to makef
laws. The legiflative council is to con-
lift of not fewer than feven members \
for Upper, and fifteen for Lower Ca-
nada j to be ftitnraoned by the gover- '■
nor, who niuft be authoriztd by the {
king. Such members are to bold thfir
feats for life; unlefs foifcited by four
years continual abfence, or hy fwear-^
ing allegiance to fome foi igii power.
The houfc of alfenibiy is to c nfift of
not lets than f.xteen miT 'stis f ^m Up-
per, and not leCs th;m fifty trom Lower
Canada; chofen by the ♦icehoKiiri n
the reveral towns and diftritls. Ihe
council and iilcmbly are to be c: kd
together at Itaft oi\ce in every \caf^,
and eveiy uflembly ij to continue loiir
years, unlel's fooncr diflblved by thr
governor.
Britifh America is fii per In tended by
an oHicer, ftyied Governor General of
the four Britifti provinces ih N. Ame-
rica, who, btnies other powers, is com-
mander in chief of all the Brttilh troops
in the four provinces and the govern-'
ments
J
CAN
power,
nfift of
m Up-
Lower
rs n
1 hr
c: J
^ car,
uc ionr
by the
ideH by
icjal of
mentf attached t6 theni,.'^«nd New-
fonndliikl. Jb|||g«4i||ppVin(ei hat
a IicuteQ|gB^HI^«fHor m the .ab-
ftnee1»f^M|Pffnor |;entra(. imJUl
the powei» reilttUitc to a ^ *
trate.
tlentc|l|^^|^^^P ionie,
40,o^^H|Up[|PRiiy »o,ooo Britith
and Mi^^nnabitants, exclufive of
to, 000 loyalifU,' fettled in the uppsr
parts of the province. Lower Canuda,
in 17S4., contained 113,011. Both pro-
rinces may now contain about 1 50,000
jbuls, which number it multiplying
both by natural incr^afe aud by emigra-
tions.
As many a* about nine tenths of the
inhabitants of thefe provinces are Ro-
ttton Catholics, who enjoy, under the
prefent government, the fame provt-
non, rights, and privileges, as were
granted them in 1774, by the a6l of
the 14th of Geoj^e III. The reft of
the people are Epiiicopalians, Prelby-
terians, and a few of aimoft all the dif-
ferent feels of Chriftians.
The amount of the o^ports from
the province of Quebec, in the year
1786, was 34.3,161!. 19s. id. The
amount of Imports in the fame year was
%%$t\\(>\. The exports confided of
wheat, flour, bifcult, fl.ixfeed, lumber
of various kinds, lifli, potafii, oil, gin-
leng and otheif medicinal roots, but
principally of furs and peltries, to the
amount of 185,9771. The imports
confided of rum, brandy, molafles, cof-
fee, fugar, wines, tobacco, fait, choco-
late, proviiions for the troops, and dry
goods.
This country was difcovered by the
Engtifli as early as about 1497 ; and
fettled by the French in i6o8, who
kept palfeflion of it till 1760, when it
was taken by the Britifli arms, and, at
the treaty ot Paris, in S763, was ceded
by France to the crown of England, to
whom it hafi ever fince btlongtrd.
One of the molt remarkable acci-
xlrats which hiftory records of this
country, is the earthquake in the year
iiSii which ovei-whelmecl a chain of
Mountains of frecftone more than 300
miles long, and changed the immenfc
traft into a plain. See Brjtijh Anu-
rka, and Britain, New, for further
particulars concerning this country.
Cahada, a bay on the £. fide of
C A ^, f f
Newfotmdiand I. between WhUe tMl
Hure bays, which lad lies N. of it.
Canada Creeks. There are thi#
creeks which bear this namej me a
ter of Wood creek, wkicli it m«ett
or j miles N, N, W. of Foi t Stanwix
or New Fort Sthuylcr, The other
two arc northern branches of Mohvnit
R. ; the ufpet one ntingles its waterk
with the Mohawk in the tbwnfliif «f
Herkemer, on the German flats, t€
miles below Old Fort Schuyler j over
the mouth of it is a fightty and it^-
niouily conftrafted bridge. The other
empties into the Mohawk 13 mile* he-
l;w. Both thefe are long, rapid and
unnavigable ftreams j^ and bring a con-
fiderable a<:ceffion of water to the Mo-
hawk. The lands on thefe creeks are
exceedingly rich and valuable, and faft
fettling.
Canandaqua, a poft town, la1ce»
aod creek, in Ontario co. New-York.
It Is the flilre town of the co. (ituated
on the N. end of the lake of the *\vci^
name, at its oulet into' Canan<. i\v%
creek. The lake is about 10. n,''i:v;i
long and 3 broad, and fends its waters
in a N. eaftward and eaflward courfe
35 miles to Seneca R. This is the fcite
of an ancient Indian town of the fame
name, and (lands on die road from Al-
bany to Niagara, 71 miles £. from
Hartford in Genelfce R. j 16 miles W«
of Geneva, and 235 miles N. W. from
New- York city, meafuringin afkraight
line, and 340 by Albany road. This
fettlement was begun by Meflrs. Gor-
ham and Phelps, and is now in a
flourifhing ftate There are about 30
or 40 houfes, Ikuated on a pleafant
flope from the lake ; and the adjoining
farms are under good cultivation. By
the ftate cenfus of 1796, it appears
there are 191 electors in this ;ownfhip.
Ca^iada Saca, or Seaeca Lake, a
handfome piece of water from ^ 5 to 40
liles long, and about 1 miles broad,
in New. York. At the N. W. comer
of the lake ftands the town of Geneva,
and on the E. fide between it and Cay-
uga, are the towns of Romulus, Ovidj
He6lor and UlyfTes, in Onondago co.
New- York. Its outlet is Scayace R.
which alfo receives the waters of Cayu-
ga Lake, 9 miles N. E. from the mouth
of Canada Saga, 18 miles below Gene-
va, on the fame fide of the lake ftaittls
the Friend's SetUement, founded b/
"' Jemima
.,^.
7*
CAN
IcminM Witkinfon } thei-e are So fatnt-
hn in it| each hat a fine farm, and are
^uiet, induftrious people.
Canajokary, a pod town ia Mont
rnery co. NewYotki litsated on tl
fide of Mohawk R. caBipichendi
ft very larg^ dllb iA of fine country, ^o
miles W. of ScheneAady, and 56 Rules
froni Albany. In the Itate ccnfus of
S796, 730 of the inhabitants appnr to
Ik ele£lors. A creek named Canajo-
kary enters the Mohawk in this town.
Ik tfais towmlhip, on the bank of the
Molnwk, about 50 miles from Sche-
BcAady, is Indian CaftU^ i'o called, the
iemt of old king Hendrick, who was
kSkdinScpt. 175^;, at Lake George,
fighting foi' the Biitifh and Americans
agatnft the French. Here are now the
tcmains of a Britifli tort, built during
that war, about 60 paces I'quare. A
eoid coin of the value of about 7 dol-
ors was found in thct'c ruins in i793<
About a mile ami half W. of this fort
ds a church, which is called Bramlt's
vaurch, which the n-ted chief of that
name is 1^ have left with great te-
hidance. 1 nis was the principal feat
of the Mohawk nation of Indians, and
abounds with apple trees of theii' plant-
inff» from which is made cider of an ex-
ccUent quality.
Cananea» a fmall ob!o iiland in
the captainfliip of Brazil, x America,
bebnging to the Portuguci'ey oppolite
the mouth of Ararapiza R. ; on the S.
fide of which Hands tlie town of Cana-
nea to guai'd the entrance of the bay.
This iflnnd lies about 37 leagues from
St. Vincent. S. lat. 25. 10. VV. long.
47. 12.
Camar Atan, or Great Canary a
village dependent on the city of Cuenca,
undrr the jurilHi6lion of the piovlncc
of Quito, in Peru. It is remarkable
for the riches contained in the adjacent
mountains.
Can as, or 7?«;<7, a iurifdlflion in
Peru, S. America, fubje^t to the bifhop
of Cufco, 18 le^guts flora that city.
Th« Coixliilera divictii it into two
parts, Canas, and Canches ; the former
abounding in corn and fiuits, the latter
in cattle. In the meadows are fed no
lefs than 30,000 uuiles, brought hither
from Tur.uma to pailure ; and a great
fair is held here for thele creatures. In
Canas is the famous fiiver mine called
CwiJanoma*
o£r».
ingham
~ elter,
luth.
s in-
C A N
Cavasbraoa Critk nms N.
ward into flpii|iU^^t Williamf.
burgk in'N*^or1nHHh|||L
CAJiAWii<^va, alHHI
"""" "•in Pennfymraw.
See Canas.
a towj;
CO. Ncw.Hampfl^
about 36 miles wef
The foil is but indiiter
corporated in 1767, and contains 1040
inhabitants.
Candlemas SbotUi, are aboitt two
degrees of latitude due north ot Port
Praflin, difcovered, named, and paflfedy
byMemiana, in 1569.
Canbtte, a city in Peru, S. Ame<*
rica, and capital of the juriidi<Aion of
its n»me, which produces valt quanti-
ties of wlieat, maize, and fugar canes.
It is fuhjc6b to the archbifhop of Lima*
and is 6 leagues from that city. S. lat.
i». 14. W. long. 75. 38.
Caniaderago, a lake in Otfego
CO. New- York, nearly as large as Otle-
go lake, and 6 miles ^V. of it. A dream
calleil Oaks Creek ifllies from it, and
falls intoSuli^uehnnnah R. about 5 miles
below Otfego. The belt chcefe in the
flate is laid to be made on this creek.
Canicodeo Creek, a S. W. head
water of Tioga R. in New- York, which
interlocks with the head waters of Ge-
nedee R. and joins Conefteo cveck a6 '
miles W. N. W. from the Painted
Foil.
Caninix, a Ihiall river of the Diilrl£l
of Maine.
Cannares, Indians of the province
of Quito, in Peru. Thty are very well
made, and very a£llve ; tney wear their
liair long, which they weave and bind
about their heads, in fuim of a crown.
Their clothes are made of wool or cot-
ton, and they vyear fine fafhioned boots.
Their women are handlbme, and fond
of the Spaniai'ds; they generally till
and manure the ground, whillf theic
hufbnnds at home, card, Ipin, and.
weave wool and cotton. 7''heir coun-
try had many rich gold mines, now
drained by the Spaniards. The land
bears good wheat and barley, and haa
fine vineyards. The magnificent pa-
lace o^' Iheomabamha was in the coun-
tiy cf the Cannares.
Cannaveral, Cape, the extreme
point of rucks on the £. ftde of the pe-
ninl'ula of £. ^Florida. It has Mof({.ui-
toa
ingham
■buth.
|Rs in-
> 104.0
r
CAP
tot Inlet N. by W. ami a large flioal 8.
by E. This wat the bounds of Caro-
lina by charter from Charlea II. N. lat.
as. 35. W.bg^tt. 9.
Can NATJH^ village on the N. fide
of Wnfliington I. ; on the N. W. CMft
of N. America.
CANNE8iS|j|||own of Lontiiana, on
the N. badjdriHl K. a branch of the
MiOifipiMHi^
CAVl^^tJge, ■ a nigged niotintain
about 100 milfs W. of Philadtlphia,
forming the E. boundary of Bald Eagle
Valley:
Canonnicut IJJand, in Newport
CO. Rlw.ioIfl;md,li5S about 3 mites W.
of New-port, tlic S. end of which, (Gril-
led Beaver Tail, on which flanilit the
lijjhr-hoiilV) extends about as far S. as
the ">. end of Rhode I. It extends N.
ahout 7 miles, it« average breadth be-
ing ubout one mile j the E. ftiore f'onn-
ing the W. part of Newport- harbour,
and the W. fliore being about 3 milea
from the Narraganfet ihore. On this
point is JamelVown. It was purchafed
of the Indians in 1657, and in 1678,
was incorporitcd by thenarheof Jamcf-
town. The foil is luxuriant, produ-
cing grain and grafs in abundance.-—
Jameftown covitams 507 inhabitants, in-
cluding 16 (laves.
Canonsdurg, a town in Wafliing-
ton CO. Pennfylvania, on the N. fnle of
the W. branch of Chartier's Greek,
which rims N. by E. into Ohio R. about
5 miles below Pittlburg. In its envi-
rons are feveral valuable mills. Here
are about 50 houfes and an academy ;
7 miles N. E. by E. of WaAiingtoHj and
15 S. W. of Pi'ttflvmg.
Canso, or Caticeaut an ifland, cape
and fmall fifhiiYg bank on the S. £. coaft
of Nova- Scotia, about 40 leagues E. by
N. of Halifax i N. lat. 45. 20. The
ifle is fmall, near the continent ; N. E.
from Cape Canfo, which is the S. eaft-
em-moft land of Nova-Scotia. Canfo
has a good harbour 3 leagues deep. Here
pre two bays of fate anchorage. Near
thefe on the continent is a river called
Salmon R. on account of the great
quantity of falmon taken and ciu-ed
there. It is believed to be the heft Afli-
fry in the world of that fort. Lime-
ftone and plaifter of Paris are found on
the Out of Canlb. This gut or chan-
nel is very narrow, and forms the paf-
pige from the Atlantic ipto the gulf of
CAP ff
St. Lawrence, between Cape Breto*
iC-vnA and Nova-Scotia.
Canso, a toiwnfliip in theneighboar-
hood of the above named puce* W
Halifax eonnty. «,.
Cant A, a town and JurildiAion vmii^
der the archbifhop of Lima, in Perow'^
It is celebrated for excellent ptpat,
which meet with a good market at lA-
ma, 5 lengues diftant S. S. W. Here
are innumerable flocks of Oieep, the
paftures being vei-y rich and extenfive*
S. lat. II. 4^. W. long. 75. 43. '
Cantbrbury, a townfliip in RoeW
ingham co. New. Hampfliire, (itaated
on the eaftern bank of Merrimack R,
14 miles N. by W. of Concord, 45 N.'
W. of Exeter, and 54. from Portfmoutlu'
It contains 103S inhabitants.
Canterbury, a townlhip in Wind-
ham CO. Conne6>icut, on the W. fide
of Quinnabaug R. which feparates it
frornPlaiififield. It is 7 miles fSi. by S.
of Windham, and about 10 or sa N.
of Norwich.
Canton, a new townfliip in Nor-
folk CO. Maflfachnletts, incorporated in
1797, it being formerly the nortliei^
parr of Stoughton.
Cany Fork, in the (late^f Teimeffee*
is a Alert navigitMc river, and runs N.
W. into Cumbeiland R. W. of the
Salt Lick, and oppofite Salt Lick Creek»
, 50 miles in a iltaight line from Naih-
ville.
Capaiita, a large town of North-
America, and in the province of Gatax-
acn. The country round abounds with
Aieep, cattle, and excellent fruit.
Cape St. Andrew's, on thecoaft
of Paraguay, or La Plata, S. America.
S. lat. 38. 50. W. long. 59, 46.
Cape St. Antonio, or Antbenit,
is the point of land on the luuthem
fide of La Plata R. in S. America,
which, with Cape St. Mary en the
northward, forms the mouth of that
river. S. lat. 36. 3*. W-. long. 56. 34^
Cape St. Augustine, on the coatt
of Brazil, S. America, lies fauthwani
of Pernambuco. S. lat. 10. 15. W,'
long. 35. 13.
Cape Blow- me- down, which is
the Ibuthern lidu of the entrance' from
the bay of Fundy into the Bafin of Mi-
nas, is the ealfeinmuft teiminatiun of a
range of mountains, extending about
80 or 90 miles 10 tlu: gut of Annapoli* «
bounded N. by the Ihoret of the . bay
of
It C AF
^fmt^ft vd $. bjr the flioni of An-
■nolU rirer.
Caf 1 Cod, tncicntly c«]ted MtUlt-
kmr^t ^y the Fr«nch, i$ the S. eaKward
point m the bay of MaQachuleti;!, op-
MAtt Cape Ann. N. lat. 4.1. 4. W.
long, from Greenwich, 70. 14. Set
Man^apU et. and Prcvinct Town.
Cafe Elizabeth, a head-Und and
tovvfifhip in Cnmbertand ro. diftriA of
Main;. ThecaiMtlies inN. lat.4.). 33.
%, by S» from the centre of the town 9
fnilea \ about %o S. weiterly of Cane
%mtA\ Point, and i» N. k. from the
VKNith of Saco R. The town has
Portland on the N. E. and Scarho-
rough S.W. and contains 135$ inhabit
tmtt. It waa incorporated in 1765,
and lies t%(t miles N. £. of Bofton.
^rs FbaR, is the ibuthern point of
Smith'** I. which forms the muuth of
Cape fear R. into two channeln, on the
coaft of N. Carolina i S. W. oF Cape
]<ook>Out, and remarkable for a dan-
eeroot (hoa) called the Frying Pan,
from it> form. Near this cape is John-
Ion's Fort, in Brunfwick co. and diftri^l
of Wilmington. N. lat. \i. 32. W.
long. 7«- IS-
Caps Fear R. moix* properly Cl.i-
rcndon, affords the beft navigation in
N. Carolina. It opens to the Atlantic
0«ean by two channels, TheS. wfft
crn and largeft ihannel between the S.
W. end of Smith's I. at Bald Head,
where the light-houfe (lands, and the
E. end of Oaket I. S. W. from Fort
lohnftoH. The new inlet is between
the fea-coaft and the N. E. end of
Smith's I. It wiU admit veflVis draw.
iQg 10 or II feet, and is about 3 miles
wide at its entrance, having 18 feet
water at full tides over the bar. It
continues its breadth to the flats, and
il navigable for large veflels zi miLs
from its mouth, and 14 from Wil-
mington { to which town veflels draw-
ing 10 or IX feet can reach without any
rifle. As you afcend this river you
lcav« firuniwick on the left, and Wil-
mington on the right. A little above
Wilmington, the river divides into N.
B. and N. W. branches. The former
is broader than tlie latter, but is neither
io deep nor fo long. The N. W.
branch rifes within a few miles of the
Virginia line, and is formed by the
iunAion of Haw and Deep rivers.
iu general couric ii S. eafterly. Sea
CAR
reflelt can go «s miles above Wilrohif*
ton, and large boats 90 milea, to ra.
vctteville. Tlw N. E. branch joint tbt
N. W. branch a little a^ve Wilming-
ton, ami is navigable' Mffea vcflTels *o
mika above that town, and by hre*
boat* to South Walhington, 40 mi^a
further, 4nd by raft# tq S areflo, which
is nearly 70 miles. JB| whole length
of Cape Pear river "VMjjjhpo miles*
Cape May, is the S.^Rftemmoft;
point of the Aate of Ncwjeriey, and
of thi couiiry to which it gives name*
N. lat. 39, W. long. 75. s. It lies ao .
miles N. £. from Cape Henlopen, v.'hich
forms the ii, W. pouit of the moiuh o^*
Dei <ware bay, aa Cape May does thi(
N. E.
Capb May C«. fpread» northward|
around the cape ot its name, is a
healthy, landy tra£l of country, of fuf*
ficient fertility to give Aippoit to 1571
induiirious and peaceable inhabitants*
The county .is divided into Upper^
Ntiddlo, and L' wtr prccinf^s.
CaperivaCa, a large river in Guia-
na, S. America.
CAriAFo, a harbour in Chili, S^
Americ.i.
Caraccas, a province of Terra Fir^
ma, S. America, iying on the fouthern
coali of the C.trihbean Sea. This coal|
is hordirrd in its greateft lei^th by ^ ■
chain of niouniuin'i, running E. ami.
W. and divided into many fruitful val«
lies, whole diie^ion and opening are
towards tlie N. It has maritime fortir
fied tovims, Puerto Cabelo, and Lf .
Guayra. The Dutch carry thither ti^
the Spaniards all forts of European
goods, ei(}eciaily linen, making van re* -.
turns of filver and cocoa. 'Ine cocoa -'
tree grows here in abundance. Therf ,< «
are from 500 to aooo trees in a walkm
or plantation. Thefe nuts are nafled
for money, and are ufed as fuch in th«
bayof Campeachy. N. lat. io< it. W^
long. 67. 10. See St. John de Lton»
Caramanta, a province of Tensp y
Firma, S.America, lying ontherivef
Cauca, bounded N. by the diftrift or v^
Carthagena; £. by New-Grknada|
and S. and W. by Popayan, in ti^
audience of Panama. It is a valley* ,,
lurrounded by high mountains ; and .
there ai'e waters from which thie na* *
tives extrafl very good fait. The
capital of the fame name liea in H. lat|> -
5. 18. W. long. 75, 15.
Caramgas
g arc
tcTortir
ind La
ther t(^
iropcan
fall re.
cocoa
T htr?
W4lk|
nafled
iri the
CAR
CaRANCAS, a province and Jurlf-
tlitVion umler the biflipp of Plata, atid
70 league* W. ot that cit]f, in Pei-u,
very barren in corn and grain, &c. but
ftbo'jnding in cattle. Here are a great
number ot' filvcr mines conftantly work-
ed, ninong whicli that called Tureo,
aiKl by.the minei» Machacailo, it very
lemtrkabi •. The fibres of the filver
forming an ulnurable intermixture with
the (lone ) iwh mint* are generally the
richeft. There are other n>aflris of fil-
Ver in this province equally remarka-
ble, being found in the barren I'aifdy
dclarts, where they find, by digging
only, detached lumps of filvcr, unmix-
ed with any ore or ftone. Thefe iamps
arc called papas^, hecaule taken out of
the ground as that root is, and have
the appearance of melted filver ; which
}>roves thac they arc thus tbrmed by
fiilion. Some of thcfe papas have
weighed fron) 50 to 1 50 marks, being
q Pari:> foot in length.
Caravaoa, a river in Peru, S. Ame-
rica, famed for its golden fands.
Caroioan, about ao miles £. of
Dartmouth .College, New-Hamp(hire.
The townihip of Orange once bore this
Duuie, which fee.
Cakxaco, a large gulfin the province
of Comana, Terra Firma, S. America.
On tlie northern fide at its mouth is
Fort St. Yago, in N. lat. 10. 7.W. long.
63. %Q, ami on the ibuthern fide Cape
Bordunes.
Cakiacov, is the chief of the fmall
ifles dependent on Grenada I. in the
W. Indies) fitua^cd 4. leag\ies from
Ifle Rhonde, which is a like diftance
from the N. end of Grenada. It con-
tains 6911 acres of fertile and well cul-
tivated land, producing about a mil-
lion lbs. of cotton, befides corn, yams,
potatoes and plantains for the negreesi
it has two fingular plantations, and a
town called HUiJborougb.
Cakibeana, now called Porta, or
Ntn^i AndalufiOf which fee.
Carjbbee J/JflW/, in the Weft-In-
<Jies, extend in a lemicircular tbrm from
the ifland of Porto Rico, the eafternmoft
of the Antilles, to the coaft of S. Ame-
nta. The ffa thus inclofed, by the
main Ian4 and the ifles, is called th^
Caribbean Sea; and its great channel
leads N. weftward to the head of the
gulf of Mexico, through the Sea of
|lon4ur4s. Th« chi«f of thffe ifland*
CAR 99
are Stnia Crut, Sombuct, Anguni%
St. Martin, St. BartholooMWf Barbitd^
Saba, St. Euitatia, St. Chrilbpher, M*.
vis, Antigua, Montftrat, OtiadalomNb
Defeada, Mai iagalante, Pominicot Mar-
tinico, St. Vincent, B«rbadoc«» Mi
Grenada. Thcfc art again claifiMl fatp
Windwajd and Leeward ifles by ft«»
men, with regard to tlie uIimI courSif
or (hips, from Old Spain or to tbt Cso
naries, to Carthegena or New-Spauiwkl
Porto Bello. The geographical taUcf
and maps clad them into fptU and lit-
tle Antilles ^ and authors vary modi
concerning diis laft diftinSion. 9m
AntilUs.
The Cbaraiba or Carilttett were the
ancient natives of the Windward iflaiid|»
hence many geograpliers confine tb#
term to ihele Hies only. Molt of theii
were anciently poflitfl'ed by a nation of
cannibals, the terror of the mild and in*
offVnfive inhabitamtsof HifpanioU) who
frequently exprefled to Columbus their
dread of theli; fierce invaders. Thus
when thele iflands were afterwards dis-
covered by that great man, they were
denominated Chuibhean Ifles. The
infular Charaibs are fuppofcd to be
immediately defcended from the Ga..
libis Indians, or Cbaraibes of Soutlir
America.
Caribou, an iflind towards the S»
end of Lake Superior, in N. America^
N. W. of Crofs Cape, and S. wefterly
of Montreal B<«y.
Carifous, a nation of S. America^
inhabiting a country to the N. of the
river Amazon ; who are at perpetual
war with the Caribbees.
Carlisle, the chief town of Cum-
berland co. Pe>>nryivania,on the pott road
from Philadelphia to Pitt A)urg} is 115
miles W. by N. from the former, and
178 E.from the latter, and i8S.W.from
Harriniurgh. Its fituation is pleafant
and healthy, on a plain near the foutb*
em bank gf Conedogwinet creek, a wa-
ter of the Sufquchannah. The to«wi
contains about 400 houfes, chiefly of
ftone and brick, and about 1500 inhabi-
tantf . The ftreets interfeft each other
at right angles, and the public build.
ings are a college, court-houfe md
gaol, and 4. edifices for public worfliip.
Of thefe the Prelbyterians, Geniian«»
Epifcppalians, and Roman Catholics,
have each one. DickinAm College,
aamcd after the cekbntod John Dick*
inioDj
IMAGE EVALUATION
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WEBSTIR.N.Y. M580
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. aiipiiNttiMi tw a KlMrar^^
fifkarsiMo^noMkli. It> re-
V^l^^^ilMt *#M< Id fttidtnts, ami ita
li^liitiltfa*'kMy4nc^^ About
^^fSrl ago (Ma ^J»aa ii3uibitcd >7
• €iiftl.iU^f^rbly«itteW.fide of
tlif SflM«« illr^^ in Due Wcfl.
IWltai iHiitcd betiVMtt Jamet aiid
M^ r^rttt'oii whieh f^jodi Bi4dgt.
mi^P»^M mti^mMad, in 1«<
)blvi3> 9* Wf long' <o. 1.
;PAfti.<»»> i^^t^t'1ta the N. coaft of
iWirFirmwiMl fen ifland which oom-
iwbidi tlw (plymiiel bttwMi the gulf of
Hlhbf^icla, awl dMft of Maracaybo on
the fr. fitfle MOR dmii «o mifeaN. from
^ town 4|f Maraeajrbo.
^€Atih09tiix*3kimPmie4. SceCcJkr.
1r f^Loa^atbiradrVefMttailnBlew^
ilphi, 45 milea S. W. of &nta Fe. It
iMdaokii a hurgebayyN. lat. 7.4o.Wr
-;CAR|.OSAi a to«m in the interior
Biit'of Bmili in tke »5th degree of S.
btittide, on the S. E. ftdu of St. Fnn-
<^ X. and N. by W. fn>ni Vilhi Nova.
QAAif&Lt a townfliip in Dutchefs
^ikmr. New. York. By the ftate cen-
tai^ t'tfdi n37 of it* innabitante were
eieetsw."' ''^ -- ^ ■ ■
'^CAKMEtOi'a river on the cotiftof
New-AfbkHBf S. caftward of Francifco
JMy, N. lat. 36. 55. A little north-
waraJnwn it is Sir Pi^anci* Drake's
hitrbour> where that navigator I'y five
weeks.
' Carihero, a cape in the S. Sea, near
Saifta Maria,^ oh. the coall of Peru.
Lat. I. 35. S.jong;'??. «o. W.
CARNBSVlLtE. the chief town of
Franklin CO. Georgia, 100 miles N.W.
of Augufta. It cotttainc x. court>hoafe,
and about so dv^fHing-houfes.
'Carolina. See Narlb- Carolina,
and Stuib-Cari^Ha.
'^AROi^NB Co. in Virginia, is on the
S. fide of Rappahannock R. which fe-
|NU-ates it from KiAg George's co.. It
IS about 40 miles fquare,' and ecmtatns
>?«#l9 inhabitants, including 10,19a
flaves. '
CaRolini Cfk on the eaftern ihore
in^Maryland,i)ietd«rs on OeUwire ftate
to the£.aodcantaim $506 inhabittunts,
Including 9057 tkttu Its ckitf tmni
WmJt^l ■' •' '•■ ' ■■ '
CA^ioiRAv ■ toMta of Terra Flhna;
N. Aireriai, sbntot jH« Intkk N*ti
front Gibnltair on Minfeiqflw Lake:*
0A|iovoBi PDiNl'.'the northenrnjibft
eiintiRiHyiDf the HIaM «f St. DomiOin.
in lha^'#; fndieii aj^^ inilex N,^nk
the town of St. Jf«g|^i_^
CAkR, a fmall fMM|tt|||i^ Z^eoln
CO. diftrift' of Maine!': ''<<^ i^Fj**'., .
Carranta'sca lagoon, U a lai|;e
Slf on the S. fide of the bay of Hen.
rar, ibout 70 miles N. w. of Cape
Graeiot' a Bios, and neirly is fiur 6.'^ E. '
frotti Brewer's Xagoon.
CARTtRi n new cb. in the ftate of
iVaneifee, fermed of a part of the co*'
ofWaAington.
CARTiitBTGai^. 8eei?i«r<M.
Cartbrbt, a naritiineco. of New*
bem diftrift, N. Candina, on Gore and
PamKco SolifRls^ It oontafaii 373a in-
habitants, including 713 flaives. Baan-
fiiitia the chief town.
Cartersvilli, a town in PWvlia-'
t»no»* Vif|[in!a«onthe S.fideof Jamca
R. 40 milec above Richmoml.
CartRaobna, a bay, harbour, and
town, and the chief fta.port in Terra
Firmk, S. America. The city of C«r-
thagena is lar^e, rich and ftronriy fcr*'
tified, and the chief of the provuice of
the fiune name, with a bidiop't fte,and
one of the bcft harbours in Afflcrica.
The entrance into this it fo narrow
that only one ihip can enter at a time {
and it is defended by three forts. All
the revenues of the Kii^ of Spain ftom
New-Granada and Terra Firma, are
brought to this ^lace. -lir Francic
Drake took this city, and ennicd off °
immenre plunder in i sl$. The French
plundered it in 1697) hut admiral
Venion in 1741, though he had taken
the callles, was obliged to abandon the
(lege, for want of ikul in the command-
ers of the land forces, and the ficknefi
that was among themi not to mcntioa^
the difference between the admiral and
the general. The ftreets of the town
are ltrai|rht» broad and well paved.
The hooies are built Of Aoneor Dricki
and are «ne ftory high. Here Is alfo a
court of inquifition. N. lat. 10. a7«
W. long. 75. k«.
Carthago, <«niierlv aconfider^ble
town of New Spain in N. America, in
the province et Cofla Riea, withabifh-
op'«
ma. li.lm^i^m^llt*^^^ •§* • .
betwcM ■.^kti Ifii^ ttn;B. fi«.#irte
iUc* M tht W.. At utmAmtut
it apii%MtlU»«lttl^ M il U^Mm Md
ha« ■t<w.yi(Hl»,:«.>»<N»w- H mmI St.
ThomMr^^et Sir Fraadt Dndw't
channd. (^: ^
Car V BR, a town(hip io Plyaiautli
CO. Maflachaltttt. Here it a ptad
with iiMk plenty, of ira«9i«* tl»t 506
torn ktm been dragged oat of the
dear witer in a year. . Tkey kmfi a
fiimace upon a ftrtam wiiich rune from
the pond ; and the iron n»de of this
ore II better than that made out -of bog
ore, aad rome ii dmoft as good at ic-
fined ir«a.
CARrtR'i MmTt a branch of 8t^
Pcter'a R. nduch onpties into the
Mi4Uippi. Sec ^. Pitrre or Af«rV
riv§rm
CAiACORiB, A laice in Paragw^ or
La Phta in S. America, about i^o
milee long.
Ca SCO Jl9« in the dillria of Mdne,
fpreada N. W. between Cape BUxabeth
on thie S. W. and Cape Smalt Point on
theN.E. Within thef^poiitft, li^ch
are abont 4a lAtlet apait, are about
300 finall iflande, fome of whiteh are
inhabited, aqd nearly all more or left
cultivated. The bud on tbefe iflaudt,
and on the oppofite coaft on the main,
it the beft fer ajgriculture of any on die
fta coaft of thia country. Cafco^ in-
cludea feveralbays. Mafuh Biff Uif$
about ao milct N. of Cape-Slixabeth.
The watert of Cafco extend ftveral
arma or creeki of fait water into the
country'. The watert goup JMmAw-/
R. where veflUt of a confioeiablc fiie
are carried by the tide, and Where it
flows within one mile of the watere of
Kennebeck. Ou the E. fide of Cape
Elixabeth it the arm of tJie i«a called
Streudwater. Fzr^tatE.'nPrtfimgj^a
JR. Formerly^ealied Prefumpcc, or Pre-
lumpioag, v^ich rifet in SebagoPond.
This river opeiit to the waters ot Cafco
Bay Ml ^ B. of Pottland ; its extent
to not givat, but it has fevcral valuable
millt upon it. Rmj^'s it . called by the
natives Weftecufleeo, falli into the bay
6 mllct fifom Prduraplcot R. It h&t
a good harbour at its aetttb for finall
C A 9
nfSktu^kmmmtit^wKlli ui
a mitM Hiltaralill>4AftMI
gatioo. Jietwcen it 4mt
3Mii»"ai»'^>aivtt« i ■tmk ttA^
^^««i#«
haihoan «fCidiBilF«y iiM#i
-iMo^ iw omWr.lttidi «iM«Jig'.|y^
<Mr linatt odMi* w< iMtiWii| tt|
coMttry hintrioQtfiiiNnB.
C««»s AK, cr Bnut^i a fiuall liil
I9 OujlUfttlOtt*; TifOMtt. ft Ml
Ifittfin htek hoflfc^nn it»' ^nArb filB>
It it a held water of to M h fl i i am /f
CAii^mBiAe»afMr MidiBiiiK|4
em fidanf Ckaltfnr Baf, ibSnt i llA$
from Black Cape, N. W. by If. Wm
bottom ofCii<i|uifi%i«l€3>MNhki
tamte of about one 'league Wtni
it the fKat rifcr «f Cafi)|Uiplhin£.
lies about woft fton Ih^ AMmA-, aUli
fiinli a finall cod aid fidmon fil^f. ' '
CAstiTAH, an Mten low^ i& tM
wefternpart of Oeorgia> which, it «N|I
a* the Coweta town, it So ih^ biAi#
the Horli Ford, on CbtittAfaoiitfee 4yiF.
CamU skL OR*., 8i^ 9)^
Anna.
X CASttM, the fliiie(o#ik ef Haiiedcl
CO. difirift of MihM^ ia fiiiMlaa on Pi^
Dobicot bay. It waa talteh frbiki ^
towncf P^ohiiMt, and incorporated a
Feb. 1796. It it named aftera Pr«ta|ri|
gentleman who refided hext ii» jNiti'
ago^ at alfe
CAtrmt Rjwf, wfiidi la itfbot id
miietlong, is navigable forS it^, Mii
hat fcveral milMattho htei^fif. 11
emptiet into Ponebfeot bal^. ^ '
CA8Tt.tfotV», a towraiip in Ridiifc
mond CO. Staten I. New-York, whifiK
contains 805 inhabitants, indudmg It4
fla vet. 1 14 of ita iifiu^itantt are dlw-
tws.
CASTttTOM, a townlhip and* ivhii
in Rttthmd co. Veimontf »d milet S. £.'
of Mt. Imlcpendence, at Ticonderoga;
Lake Bombaton it chiefly in thtt town^
and fendt ita watert into Caftleton R*
which, fifing in-Pittsford, paffist through
thit town in a S. wefteriy courfe, ani
Mlt into Pultney R. in the town of
Fairhaven, a little below Col. Lyon't
ironwarkt. Fort ^Vainer llandt in this
town. Inhabitants 80 5^ >
CastorV R. in Newfoundland tlU
ai d, empties in the harbour of St. John**. '
Itt fixe It confidesable for 15 milet from
the lea.
CarfRO, n flrong town in S. AsmtU
ca, in Chili, «ad capitid of the iflnkl of
F Ghtloo.
CAT
It'iPM t«te lw<tli» D«teh in
\f9 VMifiiyiiA, or JWiwi a
jtvifitiftiMi i» Jl. Amcfica^ in
ftrili vuliisbtl vodt ptAn,
• mins9-ivmpBOt9n\mho^9-
. /^beH^wtff i* i»54nHMi8.E.
pAfwiai. ^. in HtftllK»w«A diihifti
Nv ltlf#uii bonWt od Vtrginia N.
H ^^fji^^ loao^f inlMbitm'.«» of whom
§^V;t(tK9f9. . twftu^istlie chief
MM «r I^MMMkuH^ one of
|41UM)b» It W8* $h« fifft luid
bjK Celumbii*, to which he
IJ^ i|(uq« of St. Salndore, on oa.
Is, |49a. It liea on a particular banlc
|» tie £. 9fUM Great Bahama Bank,
jwhich it it jMurted by a. narrow
itfel, calM Exuma Sound. N. lat.
JO. W. long. 74. JO.
^CAtA9AwJiifvtr.. SttlFateree.
CatAba w IiuSant, a Imall tribe who
llfve one town calkd Catabaw, fituated
tmthk rirnrof thjitname, N. lat. 44. J9.
n t^ boundary line between N. and
i^ Quoiina, andT contain* about 450 in.
~*"ftantt| of which about 1 jo are fight-
«Kn«, ThmucthpwUy tribe which
in the ftatet 144,000. acres of
wfi« gnuitcd thvm by the proprie-
govcriment. Thefe are the re-
Sintof a Jbnn|dabfe itation, the brjiv.
and moff generous $nemy the fix na-
tUN^ had } Mt they have dcgenerateJ
^Ktthey hai^ b)ecn forroundrd by the
wliltea.
] pATAR^VA, Cataraiui, otCtUera-
fw, appiear in old maps, thus varied, as
die name of Lake Ontario, and its out>
Mt tro^ooia R. j but thd'e names are
Bowr pbfolefe.
Catawissy, a townihip in North'
iimherIandco.Pdinfylvsmia, fituateci on
jhe^. £. bank of the E. branch of Suf-
i^ehannah R. oppoiite the mouth of
#lfliing Cnek, and about so miiies N.
E. of Sonbniy.
\ C A-^ASCBt or Cetiants, a fmall ri-
ver in Lincoln co. Maine, which rifes in
Top(ham, and empties into Merry
MertingBaf^and has fcveral mills upon it.
Ca^h liRiNtVlstE, St. a froalUdand
ill the captatnftip of St. Vincent's, in
Brtgia, belonnng to the PorfugM<Tre, 47
PI.UCS S, of CagMca I.^ It is «lH>ut a 5
C A X
miieA-fra^i N. to 6» fariuMlRt'li^n-
diMi, who attft tlw Pbrtn«M!ft npfatft^
thaaf «nen^, dit m«fi»ffi«f Bnutu;' S.
Ut. S7. to. W. fbiw* 4f . If •
- Atii, • pleaihrit iSmA on die harbour
nf SMHyt in the ftafetifOceciia. '
JkUHik^mM pmdnaNc Mann on the
fotith coaft of St. UiiiiiMoiM leagues
eaftwavd of the lowtf idif |f||Jhmin«o.
. Ga-i^irini** fMiMi^ifikllniaite CO.
New- York, lies j miles 8. <v the 8. end
of Scnfca lake.
Cato, a miliHuy tewnfliip in New.
York Hate, i» miles 8. E. otlakc Onta>
rio, and about so 8. of Ofwego PorT.
CATTAHttRK, oncof the Uisabeth
ifles j in the ftate of MaflLchnfttts, See
Bmexard'i-B^, i
Cavca, a river intlieilihcAusofDa'
rieny whofe foui-ce is in common with •
thatof LaMasdalena, in the lakePapos,
near the 8th Agree of 8. latitude, and
which falls into this laft river.
Cavallo, a Tea-port town in the pro*
vince of Venezuela) on Terra Firma, or
ifthmus of Darien, %s miles N. E.^8t.
Jagb de Leon. It is well fortified, and
in a former war was Hnfuccefifully at-
tacked by CfNnmodore Knowles. Lat.
10. 15. long. 6t, IS.
Cavaillon, a town on the S. fide
of the 8. peninfulaof the iflahd of St.
DMningo, about j leagues N. E. of Les
Cayes, and 5 W. by S. of St. Lotkis.
N.lat. it^itf.
Cavknoish, a townlblp b Windfor
CO. Vermont, W. of Weathersfield, on
Black river, having 491 inhabitants.
Upon this river, and within this town-
(hip, the channel has l>4cn worn
down too feet, and ro<ks of very large
dimenfions have been undermined and
thrown down one upon another. Holes
are wrought in the rocks of various di-
menfions, and fo-ms ) fome cylindrical,
from I to 8 feet initiameter, and from
I to 15 feet in depth) others are of a
fpherical form, from 6 td 10. feet diame-
ter, worn alrooft perfeftly linooth, into
the folid body of a rock.
Caviana* an ifland in S. America,
towards the N. W. fide of Amazon R.
and in 30' N.lathude.
Cavooliiro, a bay on the 8. fide
of the iflaml of St. Domingo, at the
mouth of the river Rottiaiae, a4 leagues
E. of St. Oomingo.
CAXAMAR<n;A,aJurirdi£l!on in Peru,
S. America,uitder the bifhop of TruxiUo,
lying
S. fide
of St.
. ofLM
LotiU.
S. fide
at the
, leagues
t
ikr
tit. iaddM^ ^M. Thgr hm
1kiv« cMfiMNiblc tndt with QUK»)r»
Liin,^^^dllo»lie« HfvetldMikns
wMvi eocMn ^ flpt|>t* failtt ^M i^-
uiHH,m^Sim ItfHpmoclu*, &c. >Tbcre
aw fami^^feicrflwict^ but of little con-
ftdocacf.^ vTbfrtowB ol the fiune nune
iefitwatailN. Ei> from the city of Trox>
Ulo.
CAJtAM^t^tLA, afintill junfiliaion
Hkewtie in F«ra, nnder the biOep of
Tnutflio.
Cavamaoa, or CfyagUf fomctimee
called the G>eat Rivvr* empties In
At the 8. bank of lake Erie» 4,0 miles
eaftward of the mouth r>f Huron { hav-
ing an Indian town of the fiime n^rne on
its lu^s. tt is navigable for boats {
and Its naouth is wide, and deep eooiigh
to receive large flobps from the lake.
Near ttii are the celebntcd rocks which
pivjefi over the lake.. They are ftverai
milet in len|th» and rife 40 or 50 feet per-
pendicular out of the water. , Some
' parts of them conAH of feveral dnta of
diflTereiit colourr* lying in a horuontal
direAion ; and fo exaaly parallel^ that
they reiemble tlie work of ait. The
view from the land is grand« but the
water preftnts the moft magnUicent pro-
ijieft of this fublime work of nature i it
is attendeid, however, with great dan-
ger) f9|r if the leaft ftonn arifes, the
fjorce 9f the Auf is fuch that no
veflel can efcape being tlaflted to
Ereces aninft the rocks. Col. Brpadf-
ead fuffered fliipwreck here in the late
war. and loft a number of his mcti» when
a ftrong wind arofe, £a that the latt ca-
noe narrowly elcapcd. The heathen
IndianSi when they pafs this impending
danger^ offer a facrifice of tobacco to
the water.
Part of the boundary line between
the U. S. A. and the Indians, begins at
^ mouth ot' Cayahagai and nuns up
the fame to the portage between that
and the Tulcarawa branch of the Muf-
fcuuurh*
, The Cayuga nation, confiding of 500.
Indian*} 40: of whom refidein the United
States, the reft in Canada, receive of the
Alte of New- York an annvi.ry of a 300
jloUarx, beiides 50 dollars granted to one
«f their chiefs, as a coulideratioii for
liodsibld by tb«m to the ftattc, and 500
Q AT It
^ CAYtNVtiliptf^iilCArilli
pari <tf th« coQifocMiWllicli 4
boiMMlad K-«ii4 K*, tbf jj
ocawi S* by AuMMBiai M4>^<«li
Ouianai or SurinMi^ If igMndr/#4(|.
milca along, the nm oC Omm t«p
neaily .«0|| mHik witUiiMi \ '
imm mi equator wiiim fll^ «
N.lak. Thecoat.iaJow and
and Aibjrato Imivdat^*
multitfidc of rivers whi«li.f«|i,dowJ(
the mounttim with mat immtaelflUjfp
The Jbil.isiniaiMRar|NMet fitr#!» |i»-
ducing fiiguv t9becc4» . Iffiditn. cfli%
fruits, &c. The Fraach have takfaM^
re(rKmoifaBiflan4>MPMtl^ c»Ai callad
alio Cayenne, which; a» likiwll* ilM!
wbole.countiy* t/itm ittnaine frw« thi
river that is northward of it.
Caybnni JL rtfta in the mouatalnt
near the lake of Parima, nmathioui^ Ih*
country of the GaliU«» a nation ^,
Charibbet^ Indianst and it. H94 Icng^
long ) the ifland which ijt onvironi, |ir
1 8 leagues in circuit, i| gpod and. fmti^
but unhealthy. In 1 7 ja« the espcrttof
the culoiiv were «4o,54i Qji. ^aqMMOk
80,36) Ihs. fupir, 17,919 lbs. cotton*
a6,8ii Ibs.coif^f pi,oi<(lbs.O)coaf b!N
fide timber and pianki. .Tht FnoMdl
firftfettledberft in i$^i, vad built th».
ton of Ceperou, but were oiiien for^
to 4uit it, yet returned thither again. «a
in 1640, 1651, and 1654, and wcik form
ctd to Ifafe it for want of reinforce^
ments. The Dutch fcttlad hera in.
1656, but wercdriven oot by M. da In
Baire. .The Dutch hui thtar rcvmg*
in 1676, and droVe out the Frentsh | bttt
were therafelves beat out. the year af*
tei-, by d'Eftrees.
Cayss, Lrs, a fta.part townon th«
S. fide of the S. peninftilA of the ifiuid
of St. Domineo. 1 3 leagu^i W, by S. of
St.I^uis. N.Ja:. tS. la.
. CaitLOMa, ajurifdi^lion under tht
hi/hop! of Arc<{Utpa» 3« leagues ;E;^ of
that city, in S. Aincrica, in Peru, ia»
mons for the filv^sr mines in the mottn t<ina
oftheliiQienamei which are. very rich,
though they have been wotktd.tiMr n
long time. The country round it ia
cold and barren. There is an cffict
here for receiving the ki^*s fifths, and
Vending quickfilver.
pAVMAMit i finnil iibn4*» 55 Kagvca
Fa N.
^
w.
*« tftlrlfl»MSi ^ I«MSet| mmI
wiipiwt'iiiiiwiriwwwiy or
mginltk M illlilbililt^ i<d fiB|^», who
■hciMitnK vlu« on the
TMe mxaftt M« fell tre fingu-
iiilllM(M«i aAd fh«pi6ptftak«vig*-
^lidl dMAMdiily Kv« «» t gwfot ige.
fif Ml&ttil 1iHi*«r M<Nluet «if their
tf^mmwl^tt. Th«ir<ihitfcm.
^mMt i» t^ iStor vdTct* t* the adj»-
AifiMiHirlt, aM to lUh ^ torfle | With
«^^ Ml thef Ib&piy Port Royal and
OfMti-ohKiM in great t^iMMitiei. Great
Glyftalkl llninN. hi** is* 44« W. long.
"->.■' S9*- ■ '■ '
CXYitttB, ORAMtoir aM ifland on
A| N^ <Mr of the S. (lentnfula of the
MHWr «f 8t. Dbttitoig^ * leagues lung
andonebrowl.
CAViroAk i beantifut4ako in Otien-
dH^CD. N^v-YoHii ftt#i 3$ 1040 mileo
ii&, Itlelit a Riflet wKlf, ihfomeplaeea
li tti aBoUlKll #ith fthtion; hafs» cat.
mtkt^ Mitt &c. It Ikt between Seneca
^Ad Om^ico hdl^ and at the N. end
^toblieifaitoScaya^A. whielvUtheS.
ciMl^paitdfSaifcCaR. «^fe waters
Ddklt^bifeeOntaiio. On each fide of
life laie ii a fcury hoafei where jpiod at>
ilMiaiiielS'^venii The itftrvatioA lands
dTlhb Oi^ogh Indiana lie Mbtwth fides
(^tHe laice at ttl northten end.
< Ca%aee9, a tiwii of Mexico. See
CAtmoviJi* a new and thriving
mrtMf, hi Herkelner co. New-York,
^ fliiles weftward of Whiteftown. By
^ %itt (lenfusof 179*, tj^ of its in-
MaNltaiiiaareeleaors.
• CMit, afownfti<^in Waflriogten <».
Ptinniylrania.
'■^ ICifftAK Piktt a (Doit of entry in
<£htt|^eo. Maryland, on the E. fide of
IkKtdimac k. abou. i« miles b(|ow
Port Tobacoo»aMd 96 S« by W; of ftal-
ttK^kot* Its exymts' are chid^ feobac-
«b and Indian com, and in 1794, a-
mounted in iralue to it>59S dotfjrs.
* CtWk*. AcMi a caj^ on the W. fide
oriMI«iiHtfe Bay in St. Mwy'e co. Ma.
lyland.
Ctt^Alt Uekt b fttt iyiPing in the ftate
of tVnfieflee, i<^ niile»fr«iB Nalbviilei
4 -irom Big Sfltifif, and 6 ftotti Little
Sprii^.
' €|litiivii.i.t> lb* cUaf' town of
C H^
^pm AmTs CO. «d 411 tlwB. fi^ «f
aMiiipteklNivl»M»yl«l*> It4ietb«^
twMN iho CMia o|C#fie« «f«ik# whieli
nmi into Ghcfter R. and ha«lM«ni hteljF
Wd oMi It ndlea 8. of ChaAesj t4>
S^ lt> |i«$v of BaltiRMntand 05 S. ^*
by $. omOaderi^ K. lat. 39. <*
CBSf ARKSr a faitit^ aotthmrd of
IVitagoina hi 8. AmmmrJmi.mt 4%^
degree of & Ut. hifaabitedfry ai^lst trtbo
of that namie dcfcendul &mi the 8|i«n>
ianis} beinKihe people cf 3 fliips that
were wrcclm on this eoaft in 1340.
OiA>A(MriD0iCK !jUt bcloi^ to
Ou£e*s CO. Maflachuletts. It lies near
to, atid eatenda acrofii the E. end of
Abrtha*s Vineyard ifland.
CHACAfOYAS, ajurifdi6Uori under the
biibopofTruxillotinPenif 8. Anicri>
ca. The Indians make a great variety
of cottons andtapeftry here, which for
the livelinefs of the cotours andneatneia
of the work defenre attention. They
alfo make cotton fail cloth. It liei
within the Cordilleras.
ChaCtaw tiills, in the N. W. cor«
ner of Georgia river.
Ch ACTA W8,or flat heads,area power-
fttl, hardy, liibtile and intrepid race of
Indianst who inhabit a very fine and
extcbfive traA of billy country, with
large and fertile plains intervenin|^, be-
tween the Alabama and Miflifippi rivers,
and in the weftem part of the ftate of
Georgia. This nation had, nit many
years ago, 43 towns and villages, iqr
three divifions, containing 11,1 a] foulsi
of which 4,'o4i were fighting men.
They are called by the traders PUt*;
heads, all the maks having the fore andr
hind paA of their ikulls artificially flat-
tened when young. Thefe men, unUkft^
the Mutcogidges, areflovenly and ne*^«'
gltgent in evenr oart of their drcfs, b«|'
otherwi^ are laid to be ingenious, fen-
fible and virtuous men, bold uid inw
trepid, yet quiet atid pdioable. Some
late ttwellert, bowtver, haveobfitmd
that they pay little attention to the mpi
nece£>y rules of moral conduA, at
Icift that unnatural crimen were too
treouent amoi^ them. Different from
mott of the Indim natioits bordering on
tbe'&nited States, they have larfe ^an-
taiene otr country rarms, wters they
employ mt(ch of tmir time in ^[rlkulttt-
ral iia^rovements, after the manner 0^
the white people. Akho* their territi^
.fklaie *os |1h iSi large as thofit of thtf
Mufc(>gulg9
5je
%
;ii '
foul«(
intn*
Plat.
Mre and
flat-
unllkt^
ne«
t, but
II, fen.
and ixu
Some
iftrred
he moil
uA, at
t too
from
MMft Bg Ogi n mMrm f, H^m^
«r Uma m m h flatter, Tli«QNf
Maiae. talM % iMe Gupi Work#
Jtivwv aiMwit. |« mtt«» Annrvtiie.iPQiiltb
iBf tlw 9aii|KbM| P«nd« fr(Nn, whif h it
^lowi. IiitfiMt»tHtv«ttkcaitalattcr
iuim«,ft<9ai tkSaB wttb )t ftwf, moved
by one Kdicel. titOffl by one {.odors.
IkM the profeft wrai loon laid a0d«,
The former Mmo> ja derived from Mr.
ChadbowrnetoneWthe firft ftttl«r«i who
t>m-chaad the land on the moutb of it,
of the natives, and wbofe pofterlfy pof-
fefs it at this day.
Chaokb, a river and town in Terra
Firmsr S. America. The riy?r4»qis to
the N. Sea, and was' formerly salM ta-
ras, from the .'umber o£alli||atoriin
, hu ttsiburce in the moimtaiM near
.Cruets, and its mouth is jn^« lat<5,|
where tiiere |s a Arong Iwt* buik ctn a >
fteep rock, ron the £. tide, near thf: ica;
3!M^i^^
tcmto>
of thf
cogulge
flsoh. This fort baa^ « comm»Q;la|it,
^nd lieutenant, and the garrilbn , is|
draughted from Pl :ama, to which you
goby thisffhr<er, Umdingat Crucff«about
5 leagues flpom Panama, and tlienci; oar;
travels by land to that citv. Opiwlite to!
iiurt Chagre i| the royal cuftpm-houf^.;
Here the river is broadcft, being .l»o
toifes over) nVhereas, at Cnices»w!)iere:
it begiiM to be navigiable, it ps o«!^ly ^p|
•toifeswidet ftom the town of .Cba||Ke,
to the mouth of the river, is »t m>le»
*N. W. by W. biit jneaforiag by water
.is4,3 miles.. TJbere is at Cruocs an |il-
calde, who lives at the cuftom-rho^ft;
and takesanjiccQUQt of all gopds on the,
river. Chagre fort was taken by Admi-
.ral Vemoa, in 1740*
C^Atca Luke, See itfirAflrcv*
Chajlbvrs, a deep and broad bay
on the W. fide of the gulph of St. Law^
renc<(. Fkt)mthis bay to that of Verte,^
on the S.]nthe8*E. corner qf -the fiilf,
is the N. E. fea line of ^e BritUh prpJ
vintie irf'-NeWrfiraniwick. ' '
CMAilBERSBVRO, a poft tOWH M
\Pennly4vama, and tile chief of Franklin
7co.. It is fituafeed on the eaftern branch
.of CoHD|radiiagueci!eck, R wata of Po<
,towmaci(.iilAi^cband highly $ultivat-j
ved iotitftiv,VaM healthy fituation.-^
(Here are^ about «oo houfes^ i Prafliytip-i
Mm 'churches, & ftone gaol, a handloms
«ouM.Ju>uie built of bCickt 4} pap$r and
■0
fiigicicithrc«dthf^l ^*-„ .^ .
l^Hngtpdfa^l. |tpascmedW»%r
reU aiMi Eicblisil i«M Ibe P|«»ck|9
Canada. .^
CHAMiH,Bi. ffr*, ;ls hwdi^ agj
welt builr> on tiKB nprg^i of t^ nvcr^v
the Oune mmf^ about 1 » or 'Mnm f^
W. W Ik^oiitreal, and N. of 8^ Jpb%>
fort. It was ukeii bytbc Afamu*
pa. M, i77Sr M i»>yt« bX.*^
tdh, Jan, it, S77|. . % 1^- f»*i^>»
pHAMFLMllji Ji lakeiMjcT jpi |pc^
lake Ontario,; a^U^ g.»,16.Jr<«Bv
formal a vm9t;^t .4Ml^M#fr / /
t^en the jbtepipf J^eWEypr^MV^ //
a)oi)t. Tfii^ijgfciiiti iinwTnwi^t wtw '
lU'. 'I
,lv -
f^SbftoRe^^JIfflAJiprrfeK'sJakc^
oniiig its ien^h from F»{|l)a^ f o Si(.
John's, a faqur^ nearly K. \iU ibont «oo
miles ; it's breadth i& from i to 1 1 awl^
being yery diffwnt m ^^fffWft pN^" »
the npean, width is abc^t $ imi^^Jmi
it occupies alwut 100.000 aon. ta
depth IS (uffcient ^ t^^i^^ .yeflt^.
There aie in it above fi^ty ilbM| flf
dilterefit fia^s { the t^oft e<^aMer»b|e
are North .nnd South ffcro, Rnd |(Mte
ifland. Npit^ ^ep> er prapa Pv,
is 24. mUcs iMg, 'and jfronp, y u> j^
wide. Itref^ves at Ticonderci|a tbe
waters of ,|-id« George from tl^tt S., 8.
W. whicfc i'sii^icl to he lOo feet hi^j^fr
than t\^tt. waters of this lake. Hall the
rivers and ftream* whifh rife in Ver-
mont fall into it. T,h«« are fi(ver|il
which come to it from'New- York ftate
and fome from Canada} to which Idfk
\t (01(18 its own waters, a N. fourff,
thi^' SoreU or Ch^mblrfViver, iiwo t^t
St. /Lawrence. This iwe is well ftpied
with iUJ), particularly Valinop, lahnon-
irovt, fturgeon and pickerel } and tne
land on its borders, and c^ the baujis of
its rivers, is goodi, .<.
Therjyks in iVveral places appear fo
be in»rk«d^.fP<i ftaincd, with the f«ar-
m<;if fuvfa§e ot t^e lake,.inanyiV^ inff^-
er than )t has been fmce iu difco|very
in 1608. .iThc waters seneia|[|y, riie
^pm al^ojit the 20 th of jn.pnif ^9^^^
F 3 . 'aoth
^# hm*m 4. Mf < fttfi tiife
JMail# «Mtl(>n b Mf knott tkN •
llll.' ' Ir if ftMom oftirilr iipt nfeiHrti
|m, mdl tl»r middfe af Unrnf. B^
Mitiijw itli iM«l isthoT A|rn the ice
M of} md it 19 tiaitnn-
} in CfilMi CO. Ne4».Yoik,
riikct iti iMaii IMi the lake ua
SiUdi it Jiee. It waf granted to fbm
Itaalim mi Nora^Scocia lefof^s,
mHif^i^ either in th» Ai^ce of the
VtSmM^tk, during tkeivar, or fled
t§mm Mr woteftii^; The tiidigeiiee
•«^'ji'hiihit«ofthere people oecafiohed
idHf u| of the MtlcAicn^ } and
tn or tnhabi«aata have -
a^^jJaUfthrirnlacc. Thehnde are fer.
mdum rivtrt ran throngh ft, well
y«h fi(h. It has f7S inhabi-
tnd ijbyea.- ^y the ftate cen.
Iba of 17^6^ 7.4 of tbrinhaUtants are
; CniANCiroRV, t t9«nii))ip ip York
^. Pemi/yi^atia.
^ Clt^rAtAN, one of the largpil hikes
iil'Me«?ce, or New Spain.
CuAtrnt. HiLi, a fcifk town in Q.
nnpelM.fi. Carolina, ^tuatcd on a
'ftm^ |if Newhope cifeek, which emp.
tk* bite the N. W. braneh of Caoe
VcirKf This is the f^ ehofenftr
the-ftatof the yniverQtjr oTNoith-Ca.
H^ina, JPvw hi^fts are ss vet ereAed }
'tnirt apart of the publtcbuiidings were
in iUcn ibrwardnels» tliilit ftudehts were
IvditHtted* and education tx^menced' in
Jan; ij^d. The beautiiiil and eleva-
ted fcite of this town.comniands a plea-
iing and extenfive view of the liurround-
ing ^intry j la miles 8. by B;«fHtil.
jliormirh, and 47a S. W. of PliiladeU
fibia. II. lat. 35. 40. W. long. 79. 4.
- CHA«i.EM«M/f , ato^frfflup m Hamp-
fliireto. Mafachufettf, t6 miles W. of
l>cerfiekl, h^vin^ ^|c inhabitants.
CHARLES It. m liftiflaehuflctts, call,
fd anciently S^tmtfiriim, is a confider-
able ftream, uie pruic'ipal bmach of
which rifes fiom a paiM bofdering on
.Hopkiutpn. It pailes tlMrough HoUtT-
ton and BelUi^m, and dii^e Med-
way fiom KMficid» Winntham, , wnd
Ffanklin, and thence into Bniham,
where, by a ctiriona bend tt'lprma a
peninluia,uf (oo acres offauid. Aftream
tailed Mother Brook, runs out of ttua
rfv«rilk thU loira, JMd MlaiiibMii^
^$,4 fcnning ■ naminl ctntf, wHiiiif
eliet««» riveni and^aiNiMig • muimt
of c^llcni milHuta. WimlMhtlk
tht cMirii ofth^ (i««t ib niMhIriy; '^.
vidi^llisMMi Ami McUham» ' WifL
toii,«idWiltham« pUtngwmwmtMii
tie falls i it tlien Mhiiv tbl^ l^.B. and
S. tkraogh Wattrt0i|!infid qainhridgti
andpafling intoBoHohMiiom Ainglet
with the nvaters of Myite it. at the
point of the MninAila of Chadtflown.
It is navigable tisr beats to Warenown,
7 mites. The moft Mnarkabie brWgei
on this river are tho(i which coniMJI
Bofton with Charleftown and Cam-
bridge. See S^m. There are 7, paper
milii eii this river, befides odkr muK.
CHARi.ts Of% on ih^ weffem fliore of
Marybnd, lies between Potwwmack and
Patoxent rivers. Its chief town is Port
Tobacco, on the r>««r of that name'. Its
extreme lertgth is «t mihes, its breadth
s4» and it contains ao,6i} inhabitants,
including 10,0X5 flavcs. The coupti^
has ft# hills, is generat'y km and Cmdy,
and praduci*9 tobacco, Indian corni»
fweet potatoes, &c.
CMAiitBS City Ca. in Virginia, lie#
bet«rfen Chiekahominy and James rU
iters^ fttidntained formerly piii$ of what
no«v forms Piince Oeor«K*s eo. -It hak
55St iiihtibitaifts, iiichtdfng3T4]rftavei.
Charles^ a eapef r i^krsiiWH innbout
N. hit. «■» ;:
eape«>: i^krgiiWH innbout
T. i, on The M. lide of
the mouth of Cbcfapeak bay, having
Cape flenr) oppoTite to it, r
Chaelvs, a cape on -the 9i*Vf,jMtt
of the ftrait' eHtennsinto Hodfen Bay.
N. lat. 6s. <^, W. long. 75. ii^. ^^
CHARLtsTown, a poft town IitCf-
cil CO. Maryland, near Ihe head of Che-
fapeak bay: 6 miks fi. N. E. from
the mefifh (rSiifqitehahnih K. j io W.
s; W. from Eikton« iad_5l> $. W. by
W. from Pfitlaiirlpbia. ltt)«Mre about
ao hoafes, chiefly inh^ited' by ffliar-
men empkyed in the herrin,^ fHherv:
N. lat. 39. 34, ^
Charlistoh, adtfttiA in »be Low.
er ceuittr4 of S. Cai oKna, fiiWhrided in-
to t4panflirs. This krfe diftfi^, of
which the city of 0Nii4eliMi is the chief
towiy, Ues between $antie and Coinbi.
heerlirers. Itpay'sfth^K S4lf*d, ter.
taxes.' U (ktm th w^4ato le|iflatiire
4l t^aprsftnnHiveaand 13 ftiMttft, and
I member toC(mgnA> Itcontains65^W
inhabita|ili,llw%iH)[)only 1 i 3 i^ane hvt.
CHARI.UTO|t,
.< dfAAtSITOII. tlwiMtl«Mll»Of t<
CiniiMi U the ii») miMiHa/kmmin
dM tiiii tftteMd In tlM4MrUk«f tb*
fimwMWjf'MdlmilM tanfoeor Mntf
ibrtMdW till cMiMM ht^amtiAM^
In Md GNMr» which «m flio«t<rHi«iw^
h«| brge aiilrMvi|iMc. Thift nMth
tmhi imnMMvly hclew the dtjr, Md
fiMrma qpmfart m «onfsiiicnt hivbMrj
which CMiMtMikMm with the ocean Jvll
bttlow tnHMnS I. ) which it kafei ofi
thcN. 7 miice & E. of Chartrfton. In
theft rnrcN the ride ri(ee« in common,
•bout 6| i«et { btft aniformly rifts i o oi-
i» liiMhce more^uring • tiight titit.
The hA iacenaffl) the cauft unknown.
ThecoMinual agitation which thetidet
ecteali^n Ih the waten which almoft i\ir-
round ClNnWelkon<-*the Kfrdhmg fta-
breeiee whleh are iwubvly felt, and the
fmoke ariRltt from fo manv chimneyi,
render tbls'eivy "mk healthv dum any
part of the low country in the ibothdm
ftaie*. On thla account it it the reibrt
of great numbers of gentlemen, invalids
from the W. India iflanda, and of the
rich planners from the countiy, who
come nere to fbend thefieklv months, as
they am callea, in queft of health and of
the ftciid enjoyments which the city mf-
fords. And In no (lart of America are
the fecial IdcAnigs enjoyed more ration-
ally' and liberally than here. UnaflcA-
ed hflfpitality— 4ifhbility— eaft of roan>
ners and addrefs— and a dirpofitlon to
make their guefts welcome, eafy and
pleiftdwtth themfelves, are character-
lAics of the rcfptfUible people of
Charlefton. . In fpMking of the capital,
it ought to be obrervcd, for the honour
of the pec^eof Caiolina in gendral,,
that wlien in conmfon with the otlMr'
colonies^ in the eootvft with Britain,
ithey relblved ag^inft the uft of; certidn
luxuries, and even nteeflaries of life |
thoft articles, which improve the mind,
enlarge the underftanduig, and comeA
thetafte, wM« excepted} the importa-
tion of books was perniltted as for-
merly.
The land on which the town is built,;
is flat and low, and the water brack ifli
and unwholefome. Theftreetsarepretty'
regularly cut, and open beautiful prot-i
peAs, and have Inbto i a aean drains to
cany off fllthand itc^ the city clean and
healthy { but are too narrow mr (b hirge
a place and fo warm a climate. Their
fpacfal breadth is from 35 to 6< feet.
a nv Domes wnicn nave oacn brut
bttiin Are brfek.wiffillkd'lterf. W
bttlMlngs {tegeti^ii«<illiiiil|»iidiiai
of <hem areneat, airyaindwMIftitaiiftpr^
The public buiMMgi^ art, an' e«idun|igei
a llate-houft', in armoury* npoof-hdi^
and an orphafi*s'h(»uft. Mire arlft fi(*^
ral rdl»emble aeademlM. Part of ilNl
oM barracks has been handfon^eiy AttM
up, and 'converted into a college, aitf
there are a number of ftudenti | hut fi
can only be calUd as^ yet a ref|^dt%
academy. Hen aretwobanks^^-abraiwh
of the national bank, andthe 8. CtaMM
bank, eftablilhed in 179*. The-llou|M
for public w^rihip are two EpifiNi^
churches, two for Independents, otiefiD#
Scotch Prelbyterians, one for BaptlftIS
one for German Lntherans, two he
MethodiA's, one ft>r Freneh ProteftalMli
a meeting-hotift for Quakers, a Rente
Catholic chapel^ anda JttwilltiynafMntNk
Little attention is paid to tho pMdii:
markets | a great propsHion of the nioft
wealthy Inhabitants mving pUntatiOM
from which they receive iupplies tf il^
moft every article of livhig. Thecdton^
try abounds witii poiimy mid wild
ducks. Their beet, mutton and veid
are not generally of the beft kind } ^and
few fi(h are found in the market. '
In t7t7, it wsn coniputed that there
were i<6oo houfts in this city, and i 5,006
inhabitants, includiiw 5,4O0flaVes ( and
What evkices the hcaltnlncftof the pla^k
upwards of aoo of the white kihaU'
tants were above 60 years of age. In
1791, there were 16,359 inhabitantt, of
whom 76S4 were flavfs. This city has
often luffered much by flre, the MR and
moft dedruAivtf happened at late as
Jttntf, 1796.
Charlefton waii inedrporated in 17(5,
and divided into three wards, which
chofe as many wanienSf from among
whom the citiiekts ckA an intcndaat
ofthecity* The intendant and war-
dens form the ciiy-cuonc^, who have
power to make and entbice by«-la«v8
for the regulation of the city.
The value of exports fmm this port,
in the year etiding Nov. 1787, amount-
ed to 505,ft79i. t9s. $d. fter. 'Thenum-
ber of vefftls cleittvi (rom-the cuAmi-
houie the lame yeST;^ was 947, meaiui-ing
6a,ii8 tons} 735 of tbele. mcatiuriBg
41,531 tons, wtt« Americaai tIteatilcM
belonged to Great Britain, kdand,
Spain, France, and the Unued VMrnr-
F 4 lands.
««*
^9.
it»wimti
1IU9. lnMllaht.4ioaf«lininl4.1«tk
M«H»i « s». Whitt Point tt the S. tMl
ff||»«|iMUl.Ut.s»44« !•• W.toQg.
«jfcM«vMi>« tiM ea^ «f Ihvftkte of
iiinphi»Miwi»ch BMutrto thit iban
S / »> p or t town ia thi Atlutic
/A waflipB roMl of mly 15
»^w«nicdtt>.opcii thf eommuMi'
«itiW;i «d tht jfhn w 3tboiik to bt m.
l^(fiiiMILKli.TOWM. ■ t#mi<hb in Mont*
|ppnco«iN«i»>Yofk» tntht S. fi«k
fif li0Mwkm<r» ahovt ttaUtci W. of
Itliwpoftpdy. Jl^ the ftkte cmiAm of
13>|ln 4l<oCthc iohabiMnn ■reeUAon.
CHAItUtTOWlit a towK ip in Ma-
|bft«». l^tud^, fUMtadion the Ohio
m. the mouth of Lamen't creek. It
oaotaiaa hut bm ho«Jc*» and it 6 miles
M.of WalhhMtpn, and 60 N. E. of
JMinilgton. N.Jat. St. 43.
;.,ii:i|*lil.MTOWII> » townflup in Cher<
ter CO. JPoiafyhrMiin.
CwAKLtfTOWii, apofttown in Ghe-
Amiw «o«r Mlrr.Hainraiintt on the B.
fide of C«inc0iciit k. 30 miieeS. of
PwtmoothiCoUegf ) upwards of 70 N.
of Notthamjptoih 1 16 N, of W. of Bof-
ien» lao W. hyN» of Porftnouth* and
431 N. N. E. of Phtladetphia. It was
incorporated in 1753* and contains 90
or 1 00 hevfesiaCongivgational church,
tkf couft'houft and an academy. The
read from Bofton to Quebec jmUSa
through tliis town. N. iat. 43. 10. W.
Jong. 7«« 1 9* A fmall internal trade ie
carried on here.
CHAR|.BSTOWNt the principal town
in Middlefex co. MaflMtufetts, called
Mi^hmtmn bj* the aboriginal inhabitants,
lies N* of Bofton, with which it is con-
neftcd by CharleS'River Bridge. The
Msvn» pioperiy ia called, is hiilt on a
ritnirtua, fornied by Myftie R. on the
and a bay, fetting op from Charles-
Rivar on (heW. It is veryadvanta-
geoufly fituated for health, navq^ition,
trade, and iPtunifi^kures of uoioft all
fhe vartcM kinds. A dam acrafs the
mouth of ihcbtiy^ which fitts upfixMn
Charfes-Riiver, would affsid a great
ftvf«ll'«) MlUr an mMmM kK iha
ktAoff! of tka AMertBMii< RMvlniiaiirf
Xk»lMLMil kM«pM ii» taMrii a
flwAed t» tkt' MtaMM «l
WxRnit '(.••■' Ipe 'flMt
k# ftU, ■oaMfAt.ftAJhariiMa
laAaiaflcn»Bheii«»!nTkiJiMrdr '
hiU bifina to bo- iWiMiiia^h
fMikmfea. All theft UNillM
gantaad'^BUgtattul ptoTMAfto^'BaAMi
and ita ehnrminghr vavtegnrad harboiir»
of Cambridge and iiaaotlegee, and faa
estenfive traA of ^hlf eukiiMtfd
couainr. it eontaina^within iht neck
or panfi about ajo koufiia* mH about
sa^ iahabitaais. Tka oalgr psiklia
bttikiiofa of «onft<)aen«t wt a kand*
firnic Congregational churak, wttk aa
elegant Aeepk and cloek* aaA an ahna*
houle, very consmodious and plsafaaily
fituatrd.
Before the deftriiAion of tkia town
by the Brittdi in 1775, fewral bnmahea
of maaufaAures were catried on to
great advaaiage, fome of ii4^h hare
been finec reviredi pattki^ly the
msMufaftuia of pot and :^^«rl aflws,
(ksp^kuildrng, rum, leather in aU its
biancbes* fimv, tin» faraA, and pewter*
ThnarOpe»walk»bavekittly been ereft-
ed ^fl (his town, and the inereafe of ita
bottles, population, trade^ and naviga-
tioa» have ocen vary great withia a few
years paft. This town is a port of en.
try in conjunftion with BoAon. At the
brad of the neck there is a bridge over
Myilie R. which conncAs Charkftowa
witkMaMea.
CttARLE STOWN, a village in Btrkley
CO. Vii^nia, fituated on the great read
leading from Philadelphia to Winehcf.
ter{ Smilea from Shcpherdlowa, and
•o from wr uwhefter*
CiiAaLBSTOWff,atowBlblpinWaik*
ington CO* Rkdde>Iiaad Aatc, kaviiw
the Atbuitic eteaa on the fouthwar^
and %»raiNd from RifhaMod on thJt
northward by> Charles-river^ a wa«erof
Pawcaiuek. ^dme rf iif Uonds empty
mm Pawcatuck R. others Ihio the ka.
It if 19 miles I). W. of Ntwport, usd
coataios aoas iahal»itapta,iiK:IttdiBg >»
flaves.
A few. jreasi im thcaa weia about
500 ladiana in tni ftato) the greater
part of them refded i» this towaiun.
They ace peaaiditle aid watt di^ailW
■■■'■■■ to
rcftht
waitpmk HkiU^Uk
^Sami iVoiNif iIm makf timn In
IW itaii of )Ma, OM of tilt C«ri^
bcM, tetongiM ti»,6iwt.BrlMM. Iiiii
an turn Imm mA w«tt fwraiOMd
iMp^TMid H it ^MmmM byClMlM
tm^ In ttw ipwMi«^8t. )«bii^Qn«bt
8. fide of tht tcMMH iiHi \wge tifm tf
Mfkmt9v» rn m ud , t tbt app«r ind
of • dew cImmi In the Mvtb, cooMHonky
called Sulphur Gut( wkicb U fu hot
«i to be felt through tbe folc* of ont*«
ilMct. A ftnalt bot rhrer, ciOlcd ihc
Batky U tboiight to iNrocaedfiun the
faid gut I and after runa* z balf a anile,
leftfl irfclf in the fandi. of tbt lea.
Black-Rock pond, about a quaf tcr of a
mile N. from the town, it milk^wami,
owing to the mixttnv of hot and eoM
faringty yet it jriclda excellent fua f jnr-
ttevlarly fine eela» filvcr iifttf ami flim*
gutt. A prodtgkitM piece of Ncvta
meantain tailing down in an earih-
qiwkc* fevcnl ycare ago* left a large va-
cuity, which ia ftill to bt ftcn^. The
altitude of thia motintain, taken by a
^tadraot firom Cbaikftown bay, ia faid
to be a mile and a half pcrpendicular< {
and firona the faid bay to the top* four
milca. The declivity from tbi* roouo-
tain to the town i« very ftcep halfway,
but afterwarda eafy of afcent. N; bt^
i6. 55. W. long. 6». 4».
CvARiBSTowN, or (^«/, onc of
the four.principal towaa in the ifland
•f Barhadoea.
CRAi^tBTON I/amlt or CharJa
Umidt ia fituated at the bottom of
James's bay, in New South. Walea, 00
the «oaft of Labrydoty and' ytdtia a
beautiful proTpcA^ in fpring, to thofe
who are near it, utar a yoy^kge of ) or
4 montha in the moft uncomfbrtidile
feaa on the globe, and that by tbe vaA
mountains of ice in Hudfon bay and
ftraits. The whale i(land, fpread with
trees and branches^ exhibits, aa it were,
a beautiful green t«|ft. The fir, even
at the bottom of the bay^ though in 51
degreef, a latitude nearer the lun than,
{.ttidoay. is excefBvcly coM for nine
months, aiid very hot thf other three,
except on th^ blowing cf a N^W. wind.
The foil on the E. fide, as well as the
W. beai-a all kinds of grain ; and fome
fruits, goofeberries, ftrawbcrries, and
dewberries, grow about Rupert's bay.
M. lat. %\* 30. W. long. ta.
'CllAlkMTO«*»tl ,
cawNaar-Yark. >y4in iwa iidln if
Iff*, sStal Ha iJiihllaiiniaiBW ilaal
tank • y .,-■ s^
(CHAMrcew* atayMbip faiM(«<»
oaiff ca. l^foiaaburacta* iii c a » ya wn a<
in ay54( mA, iwttt tiMib fualid ali»
wiftcrlyaafiafOiifipd. Itia<#iiill«
6.W.afBaion»a9t.W.ol ./aNal*
tcr, and eantaiaa 19*1 lakahiMaili
Quinebaufb R. fonaa foaia aC itt rMl
intervale landa* aa4 (WnMiaa <
xa&, liwta far tbia» aai OHMiy
towns. :,(■'• ■■: .
CHiKHLOTTi hru in *k GMoHm ii
fitaaiad on thai paiiN af tMlj wfim
Tugdoo aad BtfMdriitfatfiHiliaf tMi
waters, form SavaoalMk A. Aoaamriiag
x» Bartram, it iaanc laija balm* Kat
lanwa^ Dartmouth, kk kl» f#» Vh
bant. t%. 35.
CHAtMiTTi iSlfaM%. liaa at ii»
moutk of Charlotte B« in B« jRloaiilah»
having Carlaa bay ot4kc %*,w»A 9M4
Point on the martlraranlk li^httvJifSk
W. loogv ta. 4». Charlana Ai^lBiai
by ifii^itu Sanio fiag«Mic wkiak ao»»
rovnicatea, by DalavtHMn R, «itl| Chaa*
ham or Punjo bay, whick ii fe,pniial
S.R. fnan. CbarloiteiiaueiB^ - •' '.^^1
CuAaLOTTE, a coafidorabk. taw^a
(hip on the £. fide of Lake ChaanpWn^
and the S. weftemmoft in. Chittandei
eel. Vermont. Shelbume en 'the M.'
iiefiarates thia town from Burlingtetts
Itcontaina 635 inlnbitanta* Split lUcii^
in Lake Champliin, lies off thia toamirii'
C1IAR.LOTTK O. in Virginia, lica 81,
W. ot"ki«;hmond, on the head wateraol
Staunton R« and contains ic,o7Sinha»
bitants, iiic|uding 4ta< flavea. iThe
court- houfk ia ai miles S. S. W. af
Prince Edward court* ho;»ie, . and iff
about the fame cowftt f|^>u Philaddw
phia. '
GkAiix.9TTgBf7RO, atowR in Bnin£»
wick co'. N. Carolina* ft ttanda on aa
ifland, and has anifilet and fouad ot
the faioie name, k Little S. of it. tk
Ch ARLQTTB* or Ckarhtttfiuitttt^^
po^-townin Salifliury diitriA, N. C»>"
mlina, and dnet iowo of Mecklenburg
CO. fituated on Steel creek, which joina
the Sugaw, and falls into Catabaw R.
about xb miles N» of the S. Carolina
boundary, and 44 S. oi ;8aiul3iuy.
Here are about 40 houi'cs, a ooiut«
houie and gaol.
Charlottesville, the capital of
Albemaris
CM A
tew. Iii»¥h|(iiii«, Nm «a tht
HtjMMl kmn RklMiond to OawrUk,
MLtmmln^ M mlftn W.N.W. oftlM
immr, tmd $$7 caAwanl of tikt lamr»
«rf»Mi 8* B. by B. sf SmmMmi. It
■w n i il i shout 4< lMtti«w» a eovft-
iMMlb Mdl A fMli fitMtiMl aboiit Mt' •
■ife N* finoni • vMttr •!' Bivasm rhrtr.
• -€«Alii.OTTtfMiMi| tiM capital of
•IM Mawt af It. Jolm*a» ki the gulf of
tkt-lMwnmt, Alio, tha nanw of a
eMA
Alio,
_^ J «• tkr 8. W. fidt of tiM Ubbirf of
tNaiiwha»'k»tli» W. ifadlaa 1 and fitu*
aivri on tht 8. fide of a dcrp bay.
•i CjtA»tiTi% ttumn on ih* JB- 8mre
«!•». |alMi*a R. Baft Plorida. when tliat
«b«riaata«tMCa<iail»«nda. Itwai
gnMM'fy JUii.'Belli^Efif. and isfito.
' md '9mm%iMi^hMf, aj or ao icct per.
SMar4nMiil tba riVtri and ia ir«
h half a 'mile* or mora; The alio*
W of Amarica hail a vcrjr gitat
town in thia plac«» ai aupcars tram tlK
MMlt tumuli and conical mounu of
, Mfih aadftwlla* and other traces of a
AttkanAntwhScb yet remain. The river,
^near la miles ahove Charlotta, i»
jiMtitd into many channels by a num>
Inrnf Mande.
CHAariia^ a fownfliip in Walbiag.
•on eo. PMmfylvania.
, Cm AmTnti\ Creek. 8ee C« « wy h<»y
andJArfMM.
Ciii.RTa Ba, a fort which wan built by
•he Fnmch, on the caftem fulc of thic
Mifltfippiti milee norther t yof La Prmrie
4A1 RtebtTt or the Rock Meadows, and
IS miles north«rly of.St. G«neviev«» on
the weAem fide of that river. It was
nbatadonod in 1771, beint untenahle by
tlie«onftant waihUigs of the Miffifippiin
ll%|h ftoodft. The v iliage fouthwaid o»
tile fort was very iaconfidrrable in 177I.
A mile above titis is a village iettled bv
S70 warrioi's of the Piorias and Mitchi*
gnmias tribes ot Illinois Indians, wlu>
we idieand debaoehed. ,
Chatham, ai maritime townfliip in
Bamftaple co. MaflJKhtUctts, iituated
•nilia interior extremity of the elbow
<if Cape Cod, eonvenicmly for the fiih-
trpf in which they have ul'ually about
40 vefil-ls employnd. It has 1140 in-
habkants, and mt^ miles S. E. oifBol'.
ton. See C0fie Cid.
Chatham, m- tow^p in Grafton
eo. Mcw-Hitrnpfiure. It was incorpo*
ntttl in 1767, and in 1750 contained
5 a iiihabitanu.
Chatham, »ia«iliifaif tm^ssMp At
Middlefea co. Cornieaicut, on tba anft-
•m bank of GonnaaktiiX. aMi op^
fite MMdlaton city. It traa a pnrt of
liw towttiiip of MUdtaiBH till iy«y.
'Chatham, a iMvniiitt In BAm co.
N» Jwrfey, is fitwM on Hffidc R. 1%
mHea W. of BNanbailMHw*^ and nearly
me mmv irom ivewmis*
Chatham, a towHMp of Cohmhia
CO. New. York. By ihollait asnfos of
1796, jloof its iidiabitanta ware elec-
tors.
' Chatham Cb. In MilUboiougb dill
triA, N» Carolina, about the center of
the fate. It contains 9*11 inhabitants,
of whom 1 6 3 * anr Aaves . Chief town,
Fitfiburg. The court-houfc ii a Me
milct W. of Kaleigh, on a branch of
Cape Pear River.
Chatham, a town of S. Carolina, in
Chenws dUhriA, fituated h» Chettcr-
lield ca. on the W. fide of Great Pcdee
K. Its iituation, in a highly eultivatrd
aiKl kich emmtry, and at the head i>f %
navigable riv^, bids fair to render it a
Elace of prcat importance. At prcleni
: has only about 30 houfcs, bteit
built.
Chatham C: In the lower diftriA
ol'Georgm, lies in the N. E. comer of
the itate, having the Atlantic ocean F^
and Savannali river N. E. It containa
19,769 inhabitants, including tsei
flaves. The chief town is Savannah,
the farmer capital of the ftate. *
Chatham, or ?««/» ^, a large
bay on the W. fide of the S. end ol' the
promontory of E. Flw^ida. It rcceivi«i
North and Delaware rivers.
Chatham Hmfii in the territory of
the Hiidfon bay company, N. lat. 55;
a 3. 40. W. long, from Greenwich 98.
Chata-Hatchi, or Hatchit is tlio
iargril river which fsilt into St. Rofe'a
bay in W. Florida. . It ik alfo called
Pea R. and runs Irom N. R. eaterinjj;
the bottm of the bay through ftvend
mmithsf but fo ihoal that only a I'maii
boat or canoe can pafs them, Mr.
Hutchins al'cended this rivrr about 15
leagues, where there was a fnuU fettle-
ment of Couflhc Indians. The foil and
timfatet' on the banks of the river rc«
Cemble very much thofe of Bfeambia.
CUATAVCHt, or Cbatahutke, a river
in Georgia. The northiem part of Ap-
p^tachicola river bears thif tume. It is
about 30 Mda wwlcr very lipid, and fuU
of
tmn
Hgkt Mllbdr. «*^»y •'• Iflfjt
nSi. Thi Ummt tmkM art ItrttMiii
Imtt'Milcsiam* tnm riw lilgliMloiir«r
tlic«faiytrelcmbl«d«iwt«fiMw-b«irMd
brick kilM. 1 IH <liftMc« from dili
river to tiM Tateptft R. it ihoyt 70
milet, W.thc ««r.patb| which croflet
Bt th« fillti Jtift ftbovc th« Biwa of the
Tucknbatclir*.
C u AT * V o : . QV I £«i#» in Ontnrb CO.
Itfew.York* is rtout il milcf long* and
S broad. Coiirwaiigo K. which nint n
8. 8. B. coMfftt conneftn it with Alk-
•lumf R. This lake it conveni«ntly
fituttcd for • commnnirtKion between
lake Erie and the Ohia » there being
W4ter enough for boats from Fort
Franklin onihe Alleghany to the N. W.
comer of this lake 4 fron thence there
ie a ponagr of 9 miles to ChMaughque
iiarboar on lake Eric, over greumi capa-
ble of being made « good waggon rood.
This communicatten wu once uiiid by
Che French.
Chavdiirk II. a 8. E. water of the
8t< Lawrence, rifing in Lincoln and
Hancock counties, in the diAriA of
Maine. The can7ing place from boac-
•blo waters in tt| to boatable waters in
the Kemiebeck, is only $ miles.
Chatanta, a jurilitlftion in Peru,
8. America, under the arciibiihop ot
JPlata, 50 leagues from the city oi La
Plata. This country is famou* lor iu
Sold and filver mines. The latur are
ill worked to advantage.
CUBAT Jl. rilM in Rsmdolph co.
Vifginis, and aftcilpurfuinga N/N.W.
courfe, joins MoitAngaheU R. 3 or 4
nilles within the Penitfylvania line. It
is soo yards wide at its mouth, and
too yards at the Dunkards fettletiienr,
50 miles hif^er, and is ^avfgable for
boats except in dry feafons. Th«re i«
a portage of 37 mUet from this R. to
the Potowmack at the mouth of Savage
river.
CmavcTO, a bay and luunboiir on
dM 8. 8- E. coaft of Nova-Scotia, dif-
ttaguidnd by the Ms of a French fleet
in a former war between France and
Gi«tt*Brttain. Near the head ot this
hay, on tht W. fidf» ftitHls the city of
Ballot the eapttat df 4hc province.
Ckmaiocvo, 01^ MUfiMl ^aittm, a
I^ Md dce|^ bi^ on vt fa^emmoft
mJCLmUmthk
fidttimtthifl bay fkook tho W. dni it
eriea in tht wofld.
C«toaiii« AH, a ptiataf liai abrm
«• mUea in length, MiilMS.fMlotikiit
8ttpe»ttr. Mtat 100 nriltt W. of tbit
WBHiW g ^o^^^MV Wlw ■^WM^vV mRHHAMg^oiV W W8VV
gin copper is fiMiad.
CNttfovTiMiia, a jMitan or etiht
of Indians, who iahabit nea^ iht 8»
bank of 8aguenai R. in Opper Ca-
nada, y ■ t
CHltMiPORD, a townflitn la Mil*
dlefex CO. MaOiicKuietta, MtaMd «t
the 8. iide of Mcrrim&dc R. ttf mi^
N. wefteriy from Boib a, aa4 ctotaitt
1 1 44> inhabitant. T^ <■« is an iagt*
niouAy conftru£led bridge over the R. at
Pawtucket Fnlls, which tomaeflis tbit
town with Oraeut. The route of 0i$
Mtddlefex cannl, defigned lo tonMk
the waters of Mcrrimiick with thoAr of
Bolton harbour, will be foutherly lit oT
the E. part of Chelmsiord. .
Chilska, called by the aneient naf
tiv«fs U^ixnifinut, a town in bofttlk co,
MaflStchuictts, containing 4.7 k inhablr
tanrs. Before its incorparatioii, in
17)1, it was a ward uf the town (^
Bollon. It is fituafed noirh eafterly #
the metropolu, pnd leparateU fioin it
by the feriy acrofs the haibour, calloi
Winniiimet.
Chklsba, a townlhtp in Orange eo»
Vermont, having 939 intuiltitants.
CHEi.SkA» the name of a parilh in
the city of Norwich (Conn.) called the
Landing, fituated at the head of the riv«>
er Thant«?4i 14 miles N. of Ntrw-Lon**
don, on a point oi land tormed by tbf
junAion ot Shetucket ami Norwich, qr
I«tttle rivers, wlMiie united waters con-
ftiiute the Thames. It n a hufy, com^
mtrcial, thriving, romantic, and agreea-
ble pbcetotabmit isphoule^, alcendir
ing one above anothef in tiers, on arti*
licial ^iind:ttioos, on the iputb point ftf
a highi fucjcy ht|l>
C'HIM vjic. The weftem bi*anch of
Sulquehannah K . is Ibnietimes fo called.
See Tuga River.
Chkmvnq, is a townlhip in Tioga
CO. New-Yoik. By the ftatc cenfus ii£
1 79<>, 8 1 of its inhalHtants ware electors.
It has Newton W. and Owego ^.
■^
m turn
i ftju ^ iiwift iring in ■ AraMit Hn** '
iUdttniH in hit viAoHbtM Uf^kiMi
i |i »tritthi Inditm, 'mtff^r \ari^»it(-
pcrate engagement with-tkvShiNBtkMitj
MMtalMildietiftd; TWI*di«n«!^w«re
fiMit^ iilf-onched, and it r«^itif«d rl)«
• w w w cxtrifiMM &f til* Ametieftniiniif ,
«IUi M<( j^cccft«> to <Mil<Nlg« them i »)•
4biigh th* former, tnclttding-MscT toriet,
MMunted only to Soo men, while the
URMriMn* iiMtK 5oee in mmibcr, ind
m>^ n^plMntcit in every refpcA.
^Mltliioo, i«<a <nerthem bnindi «f
Sofiytelwnnah R> Many of the military
tt#n(liipi< Krt waters by the' N. W.
inuKh «f^i» riv«r.' The to«ma of Fa^
ftiatSt ^trkth 6i«ene, Clin; >», and Che.
4Kng0^i»' Tioga co. lie iietween this
tnmr and the E' waters of Sufquchannab.
*> CHtNBNVO, a (wft town, and one of
•tke chief in Tio^ co. New- York. The
ifmkd part of tlte town lies about 40
4rillE« N.E. from Tioga point, between
diencttsoR. and Sufqiiehannah j has the
^tmn Jt jtrico on the northwant. By
the Ibte c<m<u« of 1796^ 169 of its in-
.iMbttaiita arc ek^ors. It was taken o(t
kw» Montgomery co. and in 179,1,
iilndonly45 inhabitants. It ia 375
Mil<« N. N. W. of Phila(!«lphia.
' Chenbssee, or Genegtt R. riles in
Fennlvlvania, near the I'pot which is the
;Hgh«ft ground in that (Htte, where the
' wwcm moft water of Ailcghany river,
. and Pine creek, a water of Siilquehannah,
; «■! Tioga K. rift. Fifty miles tirom its
. feu ee there are tails of 40 feet, and 5
.'Irom it4 month of 75 fee moA a little
, i^MMre that of 96 ftct. T! * 'ille hir-
..«iA escellent miit'-rents, which are tm-
j»i*v ■ ? hy the inhabitants. Aft«r a
ifoteiiii <,i . ?* "It 100 miles, raoftly N. E.
"tjy ;^. <•- f :pt?e» into lake Ontano^ 4^
-;u. .v< .^>. r>f Ii-unde^iiat or Rttndagut
!*(•.}•; Xi\-*^ E. from Niagara falls.
■4'\\- 'rni.>i>t»tsonChenrfl«eR. from
^-' TMUh upwards, are, Hartiord, On-
j«ario, Wadiworth and Williamftiurgh.
T-he laft mentioned pl.<ce, it isprabahie,
will fi'on be the feat of exf«niive com-
antroe. There wilt not he a carrying
place between Ncw-Vork city and Wih
iijimtbtirgh, when the wetttm«analsai|d
locks (haU be completed. The cariy-
inir places at' prd'ent are at folkiws, v«t. '
Albany t»€ehencfkady 16 mitet, from
the head 4f l|MrM^^wk to Wood ereek
t»O H i> ig »I^Htya>fiaiciiriKeFdliy<lt %
dial iditn am bm iltwilw iiiil aw mmi
ncotAry, in owleMa a o w Wy wH m a ai *
tict A<am a a«A «f «jMH(if >aqpiye tif
mahitaining fevcralmiUtom vt pcdplail \
The Anqmit CheMaAe Jatt liroiTthi
bofdert of this ri««r. They art about
a«milet 1ong» abd lAieot 4"iiridef tha
foil it itmai-kablyriish^ nfiiMM 'clear of
trees, producing graft MMr #0 (act hi|^i
Thelk flatt arc «ftimated to he worth
^.too,ooo, at they now lie, Thcyar^
moftly the property of the Indian*.
CfiBr AWA8, or Glt^evmys-, arilndiin
nation inhabiting the coaft of lake Supew
rior and the iibttdt in the hike» They
could, acconling to Mr. Hutchihat fur*
nifh 1000 warrioi-» to years ago.' Otheit
triivs of this nation inhabit the coiai*
^rv round Sagninam or Sagana bay and
lake Huron, bay Puan, and a part oS
lake Mirhi^n. Tliey were lately hof*
tile to the>unitcd Statet^ but, by the
treaty of OrecnviUr, Au^uft 3, 1995^
tlwy yielded to riiem the ifland de Boit
$hmc. hw Six Natiuu. /'|
CiiEPAWYAN Fort, 18 fituatcdonfa
peoinlhia at the S. ^vefterlf end of Atha-
peicow lake, N. lat. 58. 45. W. longi
no. 18. { in tht territon' of the Huik
fon hay compaay^ ?/.
CHKPELt.o« an<l4and hi thehaytaf
Panama, S. America, and .in the pr6i>
▼ince oi° Daricd^ 3 miles Irem the town
of Panama^ and fuppliet it with j^ovb-
(ions and fraitt. N. lat. 1. 46. £. long,
lo. 45.
Cmbfoor, a fnwil %>amAi totrn of
the itthmua of Sarien and Terra Fimu^
in S. America, limted on a river of the
fame name, 6 leagues from the fea. LX,
10. 4t. long. 77« 50.
CHtQVBTAtt, or SeputUuintt on the
coaft of Mexico, or Nvw.Spain* lies 7
miles weftward of the rockt of Segoa-
taneio. Between this and Acajiulco, to
the eaftward, it a beach of land of st
leagnet extent, tgainli which the fea
breaks fotriolently, that it it impOlFblb
for boats to land on any part of it; bttt
there it a good ancheiage ^^ipping
at a mile or two from the Ihore, dtictdg
the £tir ivafon. Tha harbour of Clieo|9a-
ran it -very hard to he traced, aM of
great importattCeaoRichveficlsatcratie
in thefe leat* btBi^tbe inbft fecure hM^-
bonr tobemcCDtith in s vaftaxtrhtif
coad, yjeldiiig plenty of wtMdtnd wa-
ter; awd tkti^ ground «car *t i«<Abk Jb
be
iBMnMnt
%i JiflnW
.("•
GHB
^
Loni AnOw tmielM* Irtit^ tW r^M*
CMi|U4»iWtr
In iht
.iCmAMM»r«^4iftiia ii Ikit vfftg
Qgamtf acik OmMimi JHwing K. Cvo-
Una aatltt H. aoANkJ^. rrl3cerge»o«rn
Uiftria on Mm S. B« mMI LjrMlMi'i creek
oa tiw S. W* w4Ucb ItpaMte* it from
Caiwlm4Ubia. . Its length- U about J)
milct aad ka bnadtii (fi ind Mfahdi.
vkled into the tountica of Oarlingtoa»
Chefterfidd and MaittHMrtough. I^the
cenfiiaof (79i> there ware t*,7o( m»
hal^niat of wiiid} 761! ware white in-
habitanta» tha reft ^vaa. It fends 10
the date legi(lat^u«6xepnfentatives and
a fa|Hitora{ and in conjuoAion with
Gcoi^gftown diftria, Mna nscmber to
CoogiMi. . .This dtikrift is watered by
GraaK ihfdee R. aad ftoumber of finaller
ftnamStWi the banka.of which the land
is thickly lettled and well cultivated.-
The chief towns are Greenville and
Chatham. The otart-houfe in this dii-
trift is 51 ntiles from Camden, as iar
from *£umbston» and 90 from George-
town. The mail Oops at ibis pUce.
CMEMvyB, Witt incottfiderabU village
on Tefra Finna» from which the mar-
ket of Panama is furnilheM with provi-
fiottx wackly.
CHSROK«Bf the ancient name of
Tennr'Sie R. The name of TcnnelTee
was formerly confined to the ibuthcrn
branch wMrh empties 15 miles above
the mouth of Clinch R« and 18 below
Kiioxville.
CHEROKBts, a celebrated Indian na-
tion, now on the decline. They refide
in the northern parts of Georgia, and
the fouthem parts of the ftatc of Ten-
i..4ee ; having the Apalachian or Che-
rokee mountains on the E. whcli fepa-
rate them from N. and S. Carolina, ami
Tenneflee K. on the N. and W. ami the
Creek Indians on the S. The country
of the Cherokees, extending wellward
to the Mitlilippi and northward to the
Six Nations, wa» lurrendered, by treaty
tt W'ellminfter, ivag, to the crown of
Great- Britain. The prcfent line between
them and the ftate of Tenneflee is not
yet ftttled. A line of experiment was
drawn in iy9a, fram Clinch K. acrels
ta , Ci&iUwva i^vwAtaiai
int,
11*
bsMnler
InilWwa
il it '«nlW ttriana •f tipiriiiiwit
tbB» ;^ , thMie itMiwwiig
Itilfcr-lhi minT at dMiA
nwghteon }> b;^ ganmtlyi4 ImI Ugh*
mhmmnmont im JlmM fa^ iMrir
werosB §X9 lidl» flandv, aiid>,daliBnMia^
Tltt taknta and morals of tlw Caii«|w
kica am held in |[irMt«ftaem^ fllMf^
>rei« formerly a powerful MtkMf •hiia
by contimwl wara in '^hsch' it hub se a
'their dcttiny to be engagtsiU with dm
em Indian tribes, and pitb tte
-.1
northern
whiict, they am now reduced ta aboat
1 1500 wartiiors ; and they are becomia|f
wKtkand pttfiUantmoui. Sonmtmiaav»
^eftimate their numbers at asoA dmrciBfaw^
JThey haw* 41 ttif*w rmf in haWnd -
Chbrry yaUey» a poft town ift Oc^
fcgo CO. New-York, at the head «C tbf
creek of the lame name, about sa Ciila»
N. E. of Cooperftown, and il4autharJ^
of Conajohary, 61 W. gf Albany «Ad
3 36 from Philadelphia. It <em»muim
about %tt houfes, and a Prelhyieriaik
church. There is an academy . herci
which contained in 1796, 5onr6aicbo>
Inrs. It is a fpacious buildmg, 60 (iM bf
40. The townOiip is Vjenr liree, «n«
lies along the £• fide of Otlegn She ani|
ita outlet to Adigoatangie cntak. B/
tlw ftate ccnfus of^if96, if appears that
6a9 of its i(^abitams are et^^^ors. Tk»
fettlemeiit fuifered icverely from the ia«
dians in the late war.
Chesafkak, isoneof thelaigcftaad
fafett bays in the United States. It»
entrance is nearly E.N.E. and S»S. W,
between Cape Charles, lat, }y. it. and
Cape ilemy, lat. 37. ir. Virginia, i»
miles wide, and it exteTids S70 miica tOr
the northward, dividing Virginia an^
Maryland. It is from 7 to it milea^
broad, and generally as much as 9 fis^
ihoms deep { affording many commod^
ous harbours, and a late and eafy aavi*
gation. It has many fertile iflands, and
thefe are generally along the E. fvift o^
the bay, except a tew Iblitary ones neair
the wefteni fliore. A nurnber of navt«
^able rivers and other ftrcpms cmptjfi
mto it, the chief of which are Suli|«e-
hannab, Patapfco, Patuxent, Potewti^
mack, Rappahannock, and Voi'k« whici|
aie all large and navigable. Cheiapeak
bay aAbrds many excel knt fiflieriea o|
but [ hcM!im and fliad. There arc a'fo exc^.
lent
MK Wftiw ■■ vynnVk' -vc w -ciiBWBivflr
alMw> « %«iM of «(»# dwl^ xaliid
ftttiH ui^'^Miy rafte, and i««(faviMA^
Itif%iiimwitM {wint of «iew»4lM. b^
MW' mr InMNMV. «nVMHI||ll WttmWmtgH,*
Cir tKif l^te it 4m» bM* «blen(id» will
wmv'iitfMC cngniMiuiH nuwcviw* cbw
** ««W)^|teiit)nr na«« ri««r Mkwcboc.**
' CMSBtKiiAWii l0im» •bout tior
Miin N. B* by E. of the OMM4iM
kit^f m die E. eod «f Slant bfce, in
Ht* HufUbn bay company** urritoiy i is
ibobc 35 mlkt in length and the ftmc
In braRMk^ Its wdftern IhoK it nrnttw
imiDiii mn iuckj*
Ginitfliiil Cb. in New.Ifam|iftiie»
Kei in the S. W. prtof the ftato, on the
B. bliik of Connc£licut river. It hat
the ftatc of MtiflT^chuietteoR the fouth,
Grafton co. a» the N. and HilHboroiigh
c». E. it haa 94 towtifttipt, of which
Chariellown and Keene are the chief,
ind stitT* inhabitantsi including 16
iivet.
a li s
S|«iaj|Mdk«cJtH.flomMM Mff hatiSn^
■rifef I if ilnhrtJUHHi..
Ciit»T», a large* nlciitet,.aiMlil^
gHw-^i w m ili a r ^jii HxHiBinghiiii «e.
Npw^HaaiipfliMV.: <>J| Jt>it*tiMlct ia
lcHgth<i ttbt an tlH»W.;fidc it a pietty
ki^laJw, which ftnda ita watera in
MmjrwA X. ?,JfewiaiinaBi»watadiB
tt»a^ wtd:- t ii wU i i i ji, Mifii> JMabitanta,
«rh» aw tbMiiir f a r i i iw ii i . t It itiicnaiad
mikt E.4hhraf IfpnriMlwli/m. j^milea
N.W. of llMfkiUi mlb# W. of Bjw.
tcr, 1^5 W. b|r S. ajhttSamt^ 6
northerly of lootodciry, and 30ft fiwa
PhtlnderHOa. Wnm the compiii|iprt
of diia town thoreiaa gentle ddSMOt to
the jbi» which* iaa chSr day, mayr be
Icen fimn thaKe. It ia « pot tows,
and eontains about 60 hewia and •
Congivgatloiial i^raith.
Rattleiiiake hiU, in this towiAip, is
a great airifi^ t it is Imlf a mUe in
dismcttr, of a circiUar forln* and 400
ffct high. On the 8. fide* Uf ywds
finom it* bafe» is the entrance or a cave,
called .the Devil's On, wdiich is a room
t $ or ao feet ibaare, and 4 feet high*
floored and circled fay a tegular rock*
CHtSHiKt* a townfliip in Berkshire | ftwn the tipper part of which are de-
CO. Maffiichuret(« } famous for its good | peivlent numy excrsfceaces* nearly in
the form end nee of a pear* which* when
#«tfe| 140 mites N. wclterly from
^ CHtiiiiR Ei a fownfliip in New.Havoi
CO* Okmefticur, 15 miles N. of New.
Mnren city* and sS S. W. of Hartfoid.
It'Yontatm an Epifcopal church and
academy* and thi'ee Coogregatioiial
ciivi'^Tlefl.
Chesnvt HiUt n townfhipin North*
ampton Co. Pennlylvania.
CHESNtfT Creek, a branch of the
G^eat JEmhnway, in Virginia, where it
irolEn the Carolina line. Here* it is
iiid, are imn mines.
* GHUNtTT RiJge. Part of the Alle-
|rii»iiy mountains, in Penitfylvania, are
fHoB crated* 8. caftward> of Greenflw-
WWgh.'
; ClttSTKli, a townfhip in Lunenburg
io. Hova Scotia, on Mahone 1>ay, fst-
IM ortginally by a few fiimiiiel from
mw-Bngland. From hence to Wimi.
frr IS a road, the diftance of t$ miles.
CHiliriiti a fmall plantation in Lin.
Cd^n CO. Miine, 9 miles from Titcomb.
ft has • or 9 families .
CVtWER, a townftip in Hampfhire
(o. Maffiichufetts, adjoining WeMeld
oa the B.^and about so roties N. JM^. of
approached hv « torch* tlvow out 9
fparklirig luMre of ainioft orcry hue.
It is n c<^» ifoear^ pbce* of. which
many frightfol (lories are told by thelie
who detight in the marvellous.
Chester, a townfliip in Windfor
CO. Vermont, W. of Springfiek}, and if
miles yy, by S. ot Charleflowa* in Niwti^
Hampfltire, and contains 981 inhabi-
tants.
Chester, a borough and poft town
in Pennfylvania, and the capital of Del.
aware co. pleafantly fituated on the
W. fide of Delaware R. near Marcus
Hook, and 13 miles N.E. of Wilming-
ton. It contains about 60 houfes, built'
on a regular plan, a court.houfe and a
gaol. From Chefter to Philadelphia \\
so miles by vrater, and 15 N.E. by
land) here the river is narrowed by
iflands of marfli, which are generally
banked, and turned into rich and iiii«-
meniirly valuable meadows. The firft
colonial aflembly was convened here*
the 4th of December, 168s. The
place aflbids genteel ttins and good en*,
tertainment, and is »he reibrt df muelT
company frfim the metropolis^ during-
the
M pr«6nre^the pnee afid onier of the
plaee* ■ " • ■ - ^ '■ ' *
€»i«rBR Of* Uk Fenriiiyiinmia» W<
«r Dd^lMMM «0. aiMl S* W. of 'PhittRiil-
phiiii Mfoit 4fmik$ to lengHir and 30
in UvacHhi It ^^ttiitaim p tovnifkrp**
of whkll Weft.Ghefter ittlMtlhirtf town^
and 17)937 inkabitnitn of whom ifj
are ihvea. Iron one ii fbunrf in the
nerfbero parts, which employ* 6 fwrgest
Tlk;f«4iiamif»6lurem1>out 1000 tone of
War ivoiiiammally. '; ' '
^ Chistbr ClMitrf-AlMr/^iltt S. CaroK-
i^«i %% mile* S. of Pinckneycourt'houfe,
and 58 N«W.of Colnmbia. A pott-
ofliee j« kept here.
< CwxriiR X. ft navigaHle witter of
the eaflcm. (hore of Maryland, which
Hfes two tniies within the line of Dela-
ware ftate, by two fiturceii, Cypms and
Andover creeks, which unite at ft^ige-
townj nms nearly S. weftwani; after
pafling Chefter it nins S. n«irly 3
n;Ues, wlun it receivea S. E. crrek,
and 15 miles farther, in a S. W.
dtreftton, it empties into Chefapeak
bjiy, at Love point. It forms an
iAand at its mouth, and by a channel
on the E. itde of Kent I. communi*
cates with Eaftern bay. It i« pro.
Kled to cut a canal, about it miles
ig, from Andover creek, a mile and
an naif fiom Bridgetown, to Salifbuiy,
on Upper Duck creek, which falls into
Delaware at Hook ifland.
CHESTEft, a imtM town in Shannan-
doah CO. Virginia, fituated on the point
of land fornufd by the j\in£)ion of Al-
len's or North R. and &outh K. whjch
form the Shannandoah) s6 milts S. hy
W. of Winchefter. N. lat. 39. s. W.
lonp. 78. a»,
• Chester Co. in Pinckncy didriA,
6. Carolina, lies in the S. £. corner of
the di(fri£f, on Wateree K. and contains
6866 inhabitants,} of whom 5866 are
Whites, and 938 (laves. It fends two
reprefentatives, but no f^nator, to the
ftate legiflature.
Chester, a town in Cumberlrnd
CO. Virginia, fituated on the 8. W. bank
of James R. 1 $ miles N. of Blandfbrd,
and 6 S. of Richmond.
CHrsTERPiniD. a townfliip in
Hamplhire co. MaiTachuftrtts, 14 niilM
W. fl#liHUMun|ttaiii >MiHitel It*'
fUf» co.< HkmimtMftk}tt.mm i,
bank of GMMMEAiiat 't^imAut^^if^i .
motdimd Hi vtA NInrdalo'm ll %iift
\ incwforated WtT5s»i«d«bilt^lM«^^^
inhabitanta* It1iMftbeut»9«ri^lwb«f
W. of €hai4dlown| Md ibottt 90^0^
leo W. (If Vortftnoulh. Abeiie the
yetfr i73o,thc|M*lftpi<of jBrrDiMnmer
wa« tlMMjcd with ntqucnt «akpldfiaa«
and with itdumnt of 4re «mI ihMie*
emitted from Wcfl rive» wiinntihif^ ha
thiatownih^, anil 4 mitct dMant frcNit
thaf fort. The Vkit appeanawea^hanv
been oMerved «t tarioas timet fiwtef
particiihu^y one bi rf$tt wae themioft
levcre of any. Thore are two otoce^
where the ixicka bmr mai;lM bf Invhig
been heated and calehicd.
CHEtTBRPiELD C«. in 8. Caroling
is in Cheraws diftriA, on the N^ Catw^
lina line. It is about 30 miles kog*
and 19 broad.
Chesterfield Ce. in Viri^nift^ It
between James and AppunatorHverai
It it about 30 miles loiw, and %% broad %
and contains i4,si4 tnh^itaiBtt,' In-
cluding 7487 (laves. -
CtiEWBRP4EL0 btlrtt on the W. (kfo
of Hudfon bay, in New South Wil«f
upwards of «oo miles in length, ittf
from I o to 30 in breadth— full of iuiid^
Che stertown, a poft tewn andikfe
capital of Kent CO. Maryland, oittheW^
fide of Chtfter R. 16 mikt 8. W. of
Georgetown, 38 E. by 8. from Balti«
mortr, and 81 S. W. of Philaddphte.
It contains about 140 houfes, ackurch^
college, court- houfe, ami gaol. Thti
college was incopporeted in >7<^, hf
the name of Wqfi^ngtcn, It it umfer
the dire^ion of «4 trvfteet, who arv
cMjSiewered to fupply vacnncict and
bold eifates, whole yearly value flial|
not exceed ^.6000 currency.' ItJ 1787,
it had a permanent fund of ^.iiso %
year fettled upon it by law. N. hit.
39. x%. W. long. 75. 57. ■>
ChetimaCHas. The Chethnaehit
fork is an outlet of Mifliiippi R. ill Loti-
ifiana, about 30 leagues above NeWifc
Orleans, and after running in a ^ther*'
ly dire£^ion about 8 leagues from th*4
river, divides into two branches, one of
which runs S. wefferly, and the otii<^
8. e.i(lerly, to th: diftance of 7 kagu^'
when they both empty their waters into
ihe
91 CHI
jtu H fU H m n iftf' QlitiMClMitfiiehM,
€ l it fH mm titt MiMppi, there i» •
: of I«lttMi» of tbe-^unc nante }
I
«ad thm fiir.it b.«niAinnl)r too yaidii
htmii Mid from s 104 fiubcMit <kep,
vhM the tiMtcr is bvieli Stmcdtifteit
Ipfi lUMW ^Mtncd a llioal u it» moutb
«a tiip Mji«fi|>|n{ bitt at the water it
4«ep under them, thev couU be eality
MBmud} andthe Iiid«UM fiijr there is
■odiiag toimpcdt mvigatiQn'from their
vilMfi to the gulf. The bmks aiv
tkomcIeyalKd than thofe of the Miffi.
f|pil,4H»;lit feaMvlacet are fo high a»
mmr to fee Oferiowtd. The natural
woduAioat are the fame at on the hif iffi.
np|rf» but the Ibilf <rom the extrabrdi'.
mir fiv9 and con^aAueA of the canet,
Ip unperiot. If mcaTaret were adopted
and pnrfiied with a view to improve
l£is communication, there would ibon
be, on it» banks, the raoft profperous
and important fettlementt in that co-
lnnv>
' CaiTiMACHAS, GAaNdLake or,
in Louifiana, near the mouth of the M UH-
fippit ia a4 miltt long, and 9 broad.
I4#a dc Portage, which is 13 miles
]oipjg,,and i| broad, communicates with
this lake at the northern end, bv a ftrait
•iquaiter of a mile wide. Tnecoun.
tty bntdcring on tlwie. lakes, is low and
mtt timbcrtd with cyprefs, live and
Oihar Hinds of oak 1 and on the ea(^m
fide, the laud between it and the Cha.
$^ya R. ia divided by innumerable
ireams, whiah occaiion as many iilands.
8om« of thefe Arwams are navigable. A
V^ih. dUflanct from the S. eaitti-n flioi-e
of tha lake Chetimachas, is an iAand
wh«n:« peribns pafling that way gene-
fatly halt as a refting place. Nearly
•ppMte this iflvnd, tlKre is an opening
Wlich leads to (he fea. It is »bout 1 50
yaids wide, and has 16 or 17 tathom
Vnttr.
CmTTlJiRaM, atownlhipin Mont-
fomery co. Pcnnlylvania.
CHlAMjtTLAN, a maritime province
of Mexico, in N. America, with a town
of the ^Mne name, laid to be 37 leagues
titWr way, fiom N. to S. 01* from £. to
W. It is very fertile, contains mines
of filver, and produces a great deal of
kfoney and wax. The native Indians
fU^ woll made and warlike. The river
St. Jago empties into the Tea here, N.
W. liom the point of St. Bias. Tlie
chkf torn if St. Sabaftian* .
XWjHf*'
CHI
€«IAPA» arrivar andiahai pratiact
of= Mexico or Ntw. Spain, la the iadi-
enoe of Mexico. Thn province ia bound*
«d by Tubafco on the N^ ) by Yocataa
N.E.t by Soeunufco S» B.{ and by
Vera Pas on' the E. It is 85 leaguaa
fi^ E. to W. and about 30 where iiar.
roweft, but fome parts ar« near too. It
abounds with grnc woods of pine, cyt
prelii, cedar, (xuc, wabiof, waod« vines*
aromatic gums, balfiuns, li^ttid amber,
Ucamahaca, copal, and others, that
yield pure and Sovereign balftms } al^
with com, cocoa, cotton and wUd e»*
chiacal; pears, a{»pies, miinces, Ac.
Here they have achiotte, vmich the mu
thres mix with their chocolate to give
it a bright colour. Chiapa abounds with
cattle of all forts » it is fanums for a
fine breed of horfes, (b valuable, that
they lend their colts to Mexico, though
500 miles olf. Beafts of prey are hut
in abundance, with foxes, rabbits, and
wild hogs. In this province there is
variety of fnakes, particularly in the hilly
pait9| fome of which are faid to be ao
teet long, otiiers of a curious red colour,
ami ftreaked with white and bbck,
which the Imlians tame, and even put
them about their necks. Here are two
principal towns called Chiapa, Hit
Chiapefe ai-e of a fair complexion, couc*
teous, great mafters of mufic, pahituig
and mechanics, and obedient to their
Aiperlors. The principal river ia that
ot Chiapa, which, running from the N.
thro' the country of the Q^ielenes* atlalt
tails into the fea at Tabafcb. It is weU
watered ; and by means of Chiapa R.
they carry on a pittty briik trade with
the neighbourin^provtnces, which chiefly
conlifts in cochineal and filk ) in whim
laft commoditv th.' Indians employ their
wives for making handkerchiefs of all
colours which are bought up by the
Spaniaixls and fcnt to Europe. Tho*
the Spaniards reckon this one of their
poorelt provinces in America, as having
no-mines or land of gold, nor any har^
bouronthe South Sea, yet in fizeit is in*
ferior to none but Guatiraaia. Befides^
it is a place of great importance to the
Spaniards, becaufe the ftrength ot alt
their, empire in America depends on it {
and into it is an eaiy entunce by the
river Tabafco, Puerto Real, and its vi«
cinity to Yucatan.
Chiapa, ttw name.of two towns in
Uxe above province} the one isibmc-
cm
city, and the «ther Cht^jff Mmth
inhibited by 8p«i««l«. a»i*id Heal
if k biflwip** fee. Md t^ ftat pf the jw-
4iciat courtp. 1^ ie 4«l«ghtfi»lly fif»»ted
fa s j^ain» flirmonded with ntowKMBer
and aloMftcqually diftant frpm the H*
aod 8. ftMi and. IPO leaguce N. W.
ftwn Goattimda* The biOkip*! revenue
iftoooducateajear. Tb«pleee»n*>'
^er poHoue nor rich} gnd theSpanifli
gent^ here are .bec<mie a proverb op
account of their pride, ignorance, and
poverty. It hat feveral monafteriea)
and rhe cathedral it an elegant ftruAure.
This city ie governed by magiftratee
chofen amoQ|^ the burgefles of the
town, by a particular privilege granted
them by the 'king of SjMun. N. ut. 17.
W. loi^. 9jS* 40.
The oUxer town, called Cbiap« 4t h$
fyibst that it, as belonging to the ln<
dtans, it the \arge& they nave in thia
country, and lies in a valley near the
fiver Tabafco, vi^ich abound* with fi|h,
and it about 1 1 leaguet N. W> of Chia-
pa, or Cividadjl^. The celebrated
Bartholomew de lat Cafat, the friend of
mankind, wat the firft bKhopof Chiapa }
and having, complained to the court of
Madrid of the cnieltiet of the Span-
iards here, procured the people great
privileget, and an exemption tronn fla-
very. Tbit it a very large and rich
place with many clpjftert and churchct
m it, and no toyi^n hat fo many Dom
cf Indian blpod at this Chiapa. On the
river they have feveral boatt, in which
they often exhibit fea-6gbtt and (ieges.
In the environt are ^veral nmnt well
ftocked with cattle, and fome fugar
plantations. Wheat it brought here
from the Suaniflt Chiapa, and of it t^m
make hara bifcutt, which the po<^r
Spaniardt and Indians carry about and
exchange for cotton wool, or fuch little
things as they want. There are about
so,ooo Indians in this town.
Chicapbe, or Cbickabti, a fmall ri-
ver in MaflTachufetts, which rifes from
feveral ponds in Worcefter co. and run-
ning S. W. unites with Ware river, and
6 miles further empties into the Connec-
tiffut at Springfield, on the £. bank of
that river.
ChiccamOGGA, a huge creek which
runs N. wefterly into Tcnneffee riyer.
Its mouth is 6 miles above the Whirl,
and about tj S. W. from the mouth 9f
the Bitraflbe. V^ lat. j||. tl, ..Hid
cfieek, aadya the banket Uie T t fu im f *^
See Cikkmngf*-
Cnicuum,Vff)iruiiiUvm,tm-
townOiipt in Delaware <w.Pcnnfy|vanin»
CmcHi^TKit, « fimll toffifcip j»
Rockingham co. Ney- H a n nyli iif, lAoat
35 nnilet M. V^. dfCxeter, and4< fr^
Portfinouth. U Itea on S- xoi^ lt.|
wa.t incorporated in 17*7, and contaiha
4fi inhabitd^.
CHiCKAMpmMY, a fniaU navigablf
river in Virgii^a. At itt niOMtn mi
Jamet river, 37 mike mm JPoint Cooi-
fort, in Che&pe^ b^, it a bari qa
which it only la feet water at conupoa
flood fide. Veflelt palBng that, may
£8 milet up the nver{ thofe qf po
It draught 1% milet } and veflUe cf A
tone burdoa may go .3a milee up tlw
river.
CHiciCAiiACOMXCO Cruftf in Dcf*
chefterco. Maryland, rune ioutberly be-,
twe«9 the toymt. of Middlctwfrn apd
Vienna, and emptjiet into Fi|Mi|gbay.»)«
CHiCKAMAGBt, a partoif the Ch^V*^
kce nation of Andiuit, known by thin
name, inhabit 5 villaget on TouieiJen
river. Set Chiccmmgf^'
CHiCKA8/.v/ Bbg^a on the eaftem
bank of jJie Miflirtppi, wdthin the tcni^
torict orfheUnifcd Statet, in N[. la^,
35. The Spaniardt erected here a ftroqg.
ftqckaded fprf* with cannon, and hf^
niflied it with troopi, all in the (pace of
14 hours, in the nionth of June, 179s*
It has fince been given up acoxdil^ to
the treaty of 1796.
Chickasaw, a creek which fiUlt^in^
to the Wabalh front the £. a little b»5
low Poft St. Vincent.
Chickasaw, a river which emptiec
into the Mifllfippi* on the £. fide, 10^
miles N. from the mouth of Margot*
and 67 S. W. of Mine au he. The landa
here are ot an excellent quality, and co-
vered with a variety of ufeful timber,
canes, &c. This river may be afcend-
ed during high floods upwards of 30
milet with boats of feveral tons burden.
Chickasaws, a famous nation of
Indians, who inhabit the country on the
E. fide of the Mifliilppi, on the bead
branches of theToinbigbee, Mobile and
Yazoo rivers, in the N. ^\'. corner of
the ftateof Georgia, and N. of the coun*
t^ of the ChaSlaws. Their country ie
an exteufive plain, tolerably weU^^ater-
O -ed
9§ wo HI
^"i^nm (Wlngi» arid of • pretty gqdd
MU'^hty Mfre 1 towiit, -the central
mi^ of which U in N. ht. 34. 43; W.
long. I9. 30. The number of Ibuit in
tUft nation hu been formerly reckoned
«t »f*5» of which 575 were fighting
ntenvv^tcre «r^ fonie negvoea among
tKe Chiekufawty who either were taken
captitre in war, or ran away from their
maftcrlf and fought fafety among the
Indiana.
In 1 539, Ferdinand de Soto, with 900
ilMWy 'bHidea Teamen, failed from Cuba
wrttbadefign to conqtier Florida. He
trafelled nnrthwaid to the Chickafaw
eeantry about lat. 35. or 36.} and 3
yeare after died> and «a« buried on the
bank of Miflifippi river.
CitfCOMUKBLO, a town in the pro>
vinee of Chiapa, in New- Spain, having
a cave very narrow at the entry, but
fpaciout within, with a flagnant lake,
which iif liowever, clear^ and is 1 fiiih-
omt deep towards the baidcs.
Gnibkmecomet JJIatid, or Chiek.
mtttck-cundmckt on the coaft of North-
Carolina, lies between Roanoke ifland
and the northern entrance into Pamlico
firand.
Chihohoeki« an Indian nation who
Were confederates of the Lenopi or DeU
avrares^ and inhabited the ^"'wm bank
of l>elaware R. which was^nciently
«all«d by their name. Thieii* foathern
bodndary was Duck creek* in Newcaf-
tle county^
CiiiKAOO X. empties into Ant S. W.
end of lake Michigan, where a fort fer>
merly ftood. Here the Indians have
ceded to the United States, by the treaty
of Greenvilk) a ti-aA of land 6 miles
fquare.
CiliciiECTO Ckamult the N. weft-
em arm of the bay of Fundjr* into which
Fetitcodiac R> falls. The fpring tides
rile here 60 feet.
Chi LA VAN, a town in New-Spain, in
the country of the Cohuixcas. Between
this and Tcoittylan is an entire moun-
tain of loadftone.
ChiLca, a town in the jurifdiftion of
Canette in Peni, S. America, celebrated
for its excellent Ikltpetre, of which gun-
powder ia made in the metropolis. It
abounds with plenty bf fiOi, firuitst pulfe,
and poultry, in which it carries on a
very confiderable trade < with Lima, 10
leaguea diftam. . 8. lat. i»« 11. W.
*-')■
CHI
Cum, in South-America* ia boond.
cd by Peru, en the N^{ bvF^rkguay or
La Plata, on the £ i by Patagonia, o»
the 8. ) and by the Pacific ocean on the
W. It is in length about ia6o miles*
hfi breadth 510; between •$ and 44* 8.
lati and between 65. and S5. W. long.
It lies on both fides df the Andes. Chili
proper, lies on the W. j and Cuyo or'
CutiOi on the E. The' priiieiMl towna*^
in the former, are St. Jago and Ealdivia |
in the latter, St John 'de Frontiera. j
Tlie climate of Chili is one of tht- ,
moft delightful in the world, bei|ig af.
medium between the intenfe heati of
the torrid) and the piercing colds of the
frigid cones. Along the coaft of thtf
Pacific ocean, they enjoy a fine tempe-
rate air, and a clear lerene fky* moft
part of the year; but fometimes the
winds that blow from the mountains^ in
winter, are exceeding Oiarp. Thei-e
are few places in this extennve country,
where the foil is not exuberantly rich }
and were its natural advantages iVcond-
ed b^ the induftry of the inhabitants*
Chill would be the moft opulent king-
dom 'n America.
The horfes and mules of Chili, are in
great efteem, particularly the former.
Prodigious numbers of oxen* goats and
flieep are fattened in the luxuriant paC
tures of Chili, and indeed this is the
only part of hufbandry to which the in*
habitants pay any confiderable attention*'
An ox well fattened, may be purchafed
for four dollars. Turkeys, geefe* and
all kinds of poultry* are found here in
the lame proruiion . The coafts abound
with mai^ excellent fifti ; there are alfa
vaft numbers of whales and fea wolvea*^ '
The foil produces Indian and EuropeaW
copi, hemp, grapes, and all other fruits.
T%e European fruit trees are obliged to
be propped to enable them to luftain
the weight of the fruit. Orange treea
are in bloom, and bear fruit throughout
the year. Olives alfo, and almond trees*
thrive exceedingly well ; and the inhabi-
tants prefs a kind of mufcadine wine
from the grapes, which far exceeds any
of the kind made in Spain.
Mines of gold* filver, copper, tin*
Snickfilver* iron and lead* abound in
us country. Vaft quantities of gold
are wafhed down from the mountains
by brooks and torrents { the annual
amount of which* when manuft^red* js
afttmated at nolefs than Sooo*ooo dollars.
Chili
ChiniiM dmytlwd comoMrcM coo-
MaioM with tiM ntigltbouriiig IiulivM
onit* fMnUen, with P«ra •ad Para-
guay. Tbt IikUant, in tlwir tnnAc-
tioat, U9 feuMl to be perftaiy kMieft.
Chili fttppUM Peru With bidet, dried
fruit, copper* &k meat, boriSrSi hemp,
and coru} and receivct in cxcheni^,
tobacco, lUgar, cocoa, earthen ware,
fome manoiMluret made at Qjdto, and
fonie articles of luxury brought from
Europe. To Paraguav flie ftnda wine,
brandy, oil, and chiefly gold } and re-
ceives in pajrnient, mules, wax, cotton,
the herb of Paiaguay, negroes, ire.
The coitamerce between the twocolo
nies is not carried on by fea}' it hath
been found more expeditious, £ifer, and
even lels cxpcnfive to go by land,
though it is )54 leagues trom St. Jago
to Buenos Ayrcs, and more titan 40
leaeues of the way are amidft the ihows
andprecipices of the ConliUeras.
The Indians in this country are ftill
in a great mcal'ure unconquered) they
live I'cattercd in the deferts and forefts,
and it is impoifible to afcertain their
numbers. Thofe Indians, which are
not fubjeft to the Spanilh yoke, are very
honeft in their commercial tran(lfi£tions}
but, like almoft all other Indians, they
are very fond of fpirituoui liquors. They
live in finaH huts, which tney build in
the eourfe of a day or two at fiurtheft ;
and which they abandon when hard
pufhed by an enemy. They are brave
and warlike, and all the attempts of the
Spaniards to fubdue them have proved
ineffe6lual. It is almoft equally difficult
to alcertaln the number of Spaniards in
Chili. The Abb6 Raynal lays, there
are 40,000 in the city of St. Jaso } if
this be true, the aggregate number in
all the provinces of Chiii- muft be more
confidtrable than has been generally
fuppofed.
St. Jago is the capital of this country,
and the i«at ot government. Thj com-
mandant there, is fubordinate to the
Viceroy of Peru, in all matters relating
to the government, to the finances, and
to war { but he is independent of him
as chief adminiftrator of juftice, and
preiident of the royal audience. Eleven
inferior officers, diftributed in the pro-
vince, are charj^ under his orders, with
the details ot adminiftration. This
•ountry was firft difcovered by IXm
Die^o d*Almagro, in 1515.
CHI p^
CmtMOWii iiwwftrfrf, in tiw ftwd^
caAem part af the ftate of TeaMlai»i
and between iiand thaCheidtMcoanM|!*>
CHiLifl^AqvB, a te«mfliipt«ft6tf>-
quehannah R. in Peaafyhania.
Chillakothb, an Indian town oi|
the Grjat Miami, whiah waa di#mpni
in i7ts by a body of militia fniifKm-
tucky. Gen. Harmar Aippofes thiai»
be the « Englifti Tawixtwi," in Hutdi^
ins's map. Here are the ruina of aft .
old fort, and on both fidea of the river ,
are extcnfive mcadowa. This nune ia
applied to many diffierent plans, in ho*
nor of an influential chief mho fermerljr
headed the Shawanoes. SeeTtfwuefwi.
Chillakothb, Old, ia an Indiaa
town deftroycd by the fbrcea of the U*
S. in 17S0. It lies about 3 miles S.
of Little Mimia R. The country in ita
vicinity is of a rich foil, and ia oeauti^
fully cnequered mth meadows.
Chilmark, a townfliip on Martha*a
Vinejrard I. Duka*s co. Mafladrnftttaji
coniaining77i mhabitants. ItUetyf
miles S. by E. of BoAon. See Mmiha*t
Viimari.
Chilob, a confiderable ifiand of
Chili, S. America, the S; part of which
i» divided finom this continsnt hy a nar*
row fta, and the continent there fonna .
\ bay 1 it is fituated between 4a. and
44. of S. latitude, being about 1 50 miiea
ui length and at in Iweadth. The UU
and prodiicea all neceflary provifioMv
excepting wine, and quantities of am-
bergris are found on the coaft. It haa
an indiflftrent fort called Chacao. Caf-
tro, the chief town, ftanda between two
brwdcs, with a finall caftle which com*
mands the harbor. Ithasnootherdefencct
and the houfes arc few and fcattered.
Chilloas, a jurifiiiAion in the Infli*
oprick of Truxillo, in S. America.
Chil<^bs, a juriidiAion of S. Ame-
rica^ in Peru, fubieft to the bUhop of
Cufco, 8 leagues S. E. firom that city.
Its commerce confifts in woolen manu-
faAures, grain of all kinds, cows, Oieep»
&c.
Chimbo, a jurifiliAion in the pro-
vince of Zinto, in S. Amercia, in the
torrid tone. The capital is alfo called
by the fame name.
Chimbobako, in the province of
Quito, is the higheft point of the Andes*
ami the higheft mountain as yet known
in the world } being, according to Con-
damine, s9,aoo ttet; accoraing to
C % . othm,
m cHo
W§»Hm Mitt WMW WV IMU Of
^Hm Mvrljr under the liM».
'■im-'U 41. 40. 8* lat. y«k its t<tM
Nwwl >wkk ke ud fiaewt aod die
coontry a i jmmit h dften.inerced with^
^anMM» «aM irain tlw w&sds whkh,
iCiMteA. alamandidcftfiuit traUev
i» the. dioodSk of Liim, m Tern. Pi*
amo dfefired tlw knig«f Spain that thia^
. «^;ht.bctlie Umita of Ma government
M Ch« S. and that the ri«er St. Jiigo
iMMld>ouadlt on the N. Thevaltojr
Heart good ivheat, and SpattUh vines
Ibfive'wcUkiit.
CiinicACOCA, a hdcem Penif in the
tofwai of Cuanuea.
. CBir*WAa. SccCAf^Awax.
GmwrAWAY, anincowiderablc place
■ear the fidia of Niagara* 10 miks frooa
QgeeMwwn*
CairPiWAY Jt.rww S. weftwardin.
t6 MiiU^ R. in that part where the
eanluent watera form lake 'Pepin* in
M. bt 44. W. long. 03. s4.
'CThieaootw. See Fiein river.
Chissbl» a tort iii theftate of Ten*
ludSkt"H raikaftam Englilh feny» <m
Mew ritKTi 44 from A' 'ngiien, and
««7 from Lo«g iflandt on I. olftm.
iCIiiTTaNDiN Co. in, Vermont* Kes
DBbkf Ghamplaittt between Franklin
«il. on the M. •and AddifiM S. { La
Moille river pafles «hraugh itt N. W.
•anicr* «nd Omon never dividea it near-
Ir in' the center. Its chief town is fiur-
lo^ltiai. JThis county contained, by
Ihe cenfiia of 179ft 44townflii^ and
•7]oi inhabitants. Since that time the
■octhem counties have been ta ken' from
Jt* b that neither ita fisey>r 'number of
iidiabitants can now be afcertained.
)Ghittbnobn» a townfliip in Rut-
land eo* 'Vermont contains 1 59 inhabi-
' tpnta. The road over the mountain
paftsHkhroiurh this townfliip. It lies
.7 miles B. mm ^e ffXt on Otter creek,
in PittsftH^» and about 60 N. by E.
from Bennington.
Chittenenoo, or Canaferage, a
coKlidtsraMe ftream which runsnorth-
■.ody^ into Lake Oneida, in the ftate t>f
Naw^York.
CrocoZtATE Crrtktik head-water of
Tioga R. in flew- York, -whole mouth
lies 10 miles S4 W^ of the Painted Poft.
GnocOLOCo-CA* which the Spa-
sdirda call Cattro Virfeyna, « town of
Peru, 60 leagues S. caftwaxd of Lima,
C'HO
IS very lamoat turnifniifflUMif wnen
ar* at the top of n giatl nmattahi* al*.
waya covered wSii AMMVy^md but •
leagvaa frona tba toaMi* TM fralMa oc ,
th«flBiaea»ofadarkblaa<«kur} Aefii
being calciacd^nd powdered, than ftaep-
cd in water attd ^ekihrer, the fikh Ja
iemmtad and the <3var mwid md ferm«
ea into bars. ThaAvciaaaic not very
rich, but the metal is vaiy £m. They
make plenty of vdna haic, where it at-
taina a greater decree of porfcAion, dw«
ing totheipurencH of the air, than it ia
obkrvad to have dftwhere.
Chocopb, a town In the jnrifiliftion
of TriariUo, In 8. America, In Peru } 14
leagues fouthward of St. Pedro. Hera
are about 90 or 100 houfta, and about
60 or 70 families, chieAy Spaniards, with
Tome of the other cafts, but not above
a.5 Indian fomilies. Ith*** church
bulk of brick, both hrgf and decent.
The peo|de here mentien a rain that
fell in if*6t which lafted 40 nights, be-
ginning conftantly at 4 or 5 in the even-
mg, aM ceafing at the fame hour next
morning, which laid moft of the honles
in ruins. S. lat. 7. 46.
Chocorva, ftmeuntain h Grafimi
00. New-Hampfliire, on the N. line of
StMffiord co.'N. of TaitivMN'th.
Chocvito, or rather Cktraara, ^or
thi OuMi a large lake ne«r Paria, in S.
Aoierica, and Tn Peru, into vdiich a
great munber of rivers empty them-
kIvcs. It k a40 miks in circumference,
and in fbme parts lo fathoms deep {
yet the water cannot be drank, it is fo
viery turbid. It abounds in S&, wluch
tlwy dry and fait, and exchange with
the neighbouring provinces for brandv,
wines, meal, or money. It is faid the
ancient Yncas, on the conquefl of Peru,
by the Spaniards, threw into this lake,
aU their riches of gold and filver. It
was this lake into which the Ynca Hu-
ana Cn>ac, threw the famous chain of
gold, the value of which was immenfc.
It abounds with flags and tvfhes, of
which Capac Vaupanclii, the fifth Ynca,
built a bridge for tranfportiiig his army
to the other fide.
Choisevl Bttjft on the N. W. coall
of the iflands of the Arl'acides, W. of
Port Praflin. The inhaHirants on this
bay, like thofe at Port PraAin, have a
cuftom of powdering their hair with
limei which bums it and gives it a vsd
appearance.
C Hort,
CklOTi(TK% in KmMbMk river,
fie.
CMorrAim, » kuie MvitabU mer
of tli»eii«niilMNrt a? Maryimd nip-
ping Jaio GiMApMk bay.
Chqwam C$. in EdMtMi dlftriA, N.
Caraliniy on the M. fide of Alhcmarle
ibund. It contains 5011 inhaWiantt,
of wImmh »5tt are flavct. Chief town,
Edenton.
Chowan X. in N. Carolina, fiillt
into the N. W. comer of Albemarle
Ibiind. It i» 3 mile* wide at the mouth,
but narrows hift at you afccnd it. It is
formed 5 miles fi^om the Virginia line,
by the confluence of Meherrin, Notta-
way, and Black rivers, which all rife in
VirRiniat
^ CiiRisTCHVRCH,apariihinChar]cr-
ton diAriA, S. Carolina, containing 19 54
inhabitants, of whom $66 are whites,
»iJ7 flavea.
Christiana, a poft town in New-
caftle CO. Delaware, is fituated on a
navigable creek of its name, la miles
frpm Elkton, 9 S. W. of Wilmington,
and 37 S. W. of Philadelphia. The
town, confifting of about 50 hcutes,
and a Prefliyterian church, ftands on a
declivity which commands a pleafant
profpeft of the country towards the
Delaware. It carries on a bride trade
with Philadelphia iq flour. It is the
greateft carrying place betwe^ the na-
vigable waters of the Delaware and
Chefapeak ; which are 13 miles afunder
at this place. It was built by the
Swedes, in 1^40, and thus called after
their queen.
CHKitTiAtiA C'reei, on which the
above town is lituated, falls into Dela-
ware R. from the S. W. a little below
Wilmington.
It is propofed to cut a canal of about
9 miles m length, in a S. weftern direc-
tion from this creek, at tlic town of
Cbriaiana (6 miles W. S. W. of New-
caftle) to Elk R. in Maryland, about a
mile bclcw Elkton. See Delawartt and
WUmmgtoH.
Christiana,St. one of the Marque-
fa ifles, called by the natives Waitahu,
lies under the fame parallel with St.
Pedro, 3 or 4 leagues more to the weft.
Refolution bay, near the middle of the
W. fide of the ifland, is in lat. 9. 55.
30. S. long. 1 39. 8. 40. W . from Green-
wich} and tbf W. and of Domiuica
(THR Ml
N. 15. W. etpt.GebkfntlUabm
the name of hi» bill. ItwaaodMVart
Madrc de IHoa by tha 9|i>iarJa. Tiris
ifland prodvce* eottoa of % ftifMritar
kind. A rpeclMn tiS it is ftapofltad In
tbojanimimof the MiC Hill^ Soeialf .
GHRMtlAMIBVRO, tlwchkf tMVltff
Montgomery co. Vlf]^nia. ft coataint
very tew keufts } haa a cMNt.boaft aal
gaol, fituated near a branch of Lhtl* R.
a water of the Kanhaway. N. lai ty. j^
Chri aTiANiT ED, the principal towR
in the ifland of Santa Cnii, fituated ok
the N. fidt of the ifland, on a fine |utY.
hour. It is the refidence of the Ihmflk
governor, and is defended b, a ftone
ionrefs. . ■^
Christmas Ifltmdt in the PicMc
ocean, lies entirely folitary, nearly eqinlb
ly diftant from thf Sandwich imnds on
the N. and the Marquefason the S. St
VMS to named by ^captain Cook, on ad-
count of , his nrjft landing there, on
Chriftmas day. Not a- drop of jfMfll
water was found by digging. A dlip
touching at this defolate ilie Muft ex-
peA nothing but turtle, fifli, and a few
birds. It is about 1 5 or ao leagues, in
circumference, and bounded by i(^-eaf
of coral rocks, on the W. fide of whtdi
there is a bank of fine fand, extending
a mile into the fea, and affording gbod
anchornge. N. lat. 1. 59. W. long,
I57« 30.
Christmas Simmdi in Terra del Pa.
ego, South America, inN. latfs.ai.
W. long. 69. 57.
Christophers, St, an ifland-in the
Weft-Indies, belonging to Great-Bri-
tain, commonly called by the failors, St.
Kitts; by the ancient Indians, Ay-ay }
and by the Charaibes, Liamniga, or the
fertile i(land, is fituated in N. lat. 17.
W . long. 6 z. ; and is ib miles long and
7 broad, containing about 80 fquare
miles. Ir was difcovered in November,
1493, by Columbus himl'elf, who was
fo pkafcd with its appearance, that Ae
honoured it with his own chriftianname ;
but it was neither planted nor pofleiled
by the Spaniards. It is however, the,
okleftof all the Britifli territories in the
Weft Indies, In i6a6, it was fettled
by the French and Enelifli conjoufitl'y }
but entirely ceded to the lat'ter by the
peace oiF Utrecht. Great quantities of
indigo were formerly railed here. In
1770, the exports amounted to above
^.419,000 fterling, in fugar, ludlafliiB,
G 3 and
■HBjMR I MM MAt ^(IMO raf COtton*
liMn cottoiii gii^|er» and tht tfp|»ical
ft«&s,k pmliKedi in i7l7f •Si>S97
tnn. ol Aifari and in i79e> bnt about
« I s>ono cwt. li ii computed tW tkw
iiaad •ontaina (boo whiMa and t<»ooo
Mfiwoa* In F«braary> i7la» it ,waa
taMin Inr tho French, but nftorad to
Britain hjr tht treaty of ijts.
Chvmbi VibCAt, aJuriiili£Uan fub.
Jaft to the biihop of Cuibo, in S. Amc-
rie, and cqmireof Pcrut about 40 leagues
imncbataty{ It praduces corn» fruits,
hcM paftiires for cattltt and mines of
gMd and filver.
Chvrcb Qr$fk TawK, in Dorchcfter
no. Maryland, lies at the head of Church
cNelc, a branch of Hudfbn R. 7 miles 8.
wdbrly from Cambriil|f .
CHimcH HILL, a village in Qjicecn
Anne*s CO. Maryland, at the head of S.
X. Ctceh, a branch of Chefter R. i N.
W. of Bridgetown, and N. E. of Ctn-
treville t miTet.and S5S..W. from Phil-
•dtelphia. N.lat. 40. 9. W, long. 7$. 53.
Church Hill, Fort, in New N.
Wales,' ftands at the mouth of Seal R.
ontheE.fideofHudfonBayi lao miles
N. N. E. of York fort. N. hu. 48-
5t. W. long. 94. I ).
Churchill R. in New South Wales,
runs N. eafterly into the W. fide or'
Hudfon bay, at Church Hill fort, in
lat. 5t. 57. 3a. N- long. 94. ti. 30.
W. b€tNtW'Britmiit Siteiary, Vc.
Chvrchtown, a viila«;e, to called,
in the N. £. partof Lancafterco. Peiai-
21vania, about so miles £. N. E. of
ancailer, an4 50 W. N. W. of Phila.
delphia. It has i a houfes, and an Rpif-
copal church } and in the environs are
t«Po forges, which manufaAure about
450 tons of bar iron annually.
CiACiCA, a ju! ifdifiion iu S. Ameri-
ca, in Peru, ruhjeft to the archbifhop of
Plata, and 90 leagues diftant from that
city) abounding in coidoa, cattk, and
£omt (iiver mines.
Cibola, or Gvflat the name of a
town in, and aifo the ancient name of,
New.>Granada, in Terra Firms, South*
America, The country ho-e, though
not mountainous, is very cool ; and the
Indians are faid to be the whitcft, wit-
tieft, rooft fincere and orderly of M the
aboriginal Americans. When the coun-
try V as difcovcred, they had each but
one witc, and were exieflivcly jeak .is.
Tbej weri^pipcd yntttf^ and fn old
CIV
wwMui that was a magielani and be-
lieved Am lay bid under ana of tbair
lakes.
CiciRO, a military townfltip in New*
Yprk, on the 8. W. fide nf Oneida
lake , and between it, tbe Salt lake, and
the Salt (jpringe.
CiNALOA, called by fiMtoe GMie, a
govince in tbe audience of Oalicia, in
Id Mexico, or New-Spain. It has tbe
gulf of California on tne W. the pro-
vince wf Cttliacan on the 8. and the
kingdom of New-Mexico on the N. and
E. From 8. E. to N. E. it i^ about too
leagues i and notabove4e where broad-
eft. On the E. fide it is bounded by
the high, craggy mountains, called Te,>
fecfuan, 30 or 40 leagius from the fra.
t is well watered, its rivers abound with
fidi, and the air is ferene and healthful.
It abounds with all forts of fi-uit» ami
Srain, and cotton. The natives are
ardy and induftrioui, and manulaAurs
cotton cloth, with which they clothe
themfelves.
Cincinnati, a flourifliing town in
the tenitoiy of the U. S. N. W. of the
Ohio, and the prefent feat of govern-
ment. It ftands on the N. bank of the
Ohio, oppofite the mouih of Licking R.
s{ miles S. W. of Fort Wafliington, and
about S miles wefteriy of Columbia.
Both thefe towns lie between Great and
Little Miami rivers. Cincinnati con-
tains about too hodfcsi and is Similes
N. by E. of Frankfort) 90 N. W. of
Lexington, and 779 W. byS. of Phila-
delphia. N. lat. 39. «». W. long. 85.
44.
CiNciNNATUS, is the S. eaftemmoft
of the military townftiips of New- York
ftate. It has Virgil on the W. and
Salem, in Hcrkemer co. on the E. and
lies on two branches of Tioughnioga R.
a N. weftern branch of the Chenango.
The centre of the town lies 53 miles S.
W. by W. or Cooperftown, and 39 S.
E. by S. of the S. £. end of Salt Lakf .
N. lat. 4«. 30.
Cirencester. See Marcus Hook*
City Pma/, in Virginia. See Bin»
mudtt Humhttt,
CiviDAD Real, the capital city of
Chiapa, in New- Spain. Chilton, an
EngliCnman, fays the Indians called it
Sac&tlan, and that, in 1570, it contain-
ed about 100 Spanifti inhabitants. See
Cbiafa,
(^IVIOAD RbaX., iithecapital of the
province
CkAift, 8T. » comty IntlM ttrrftorv
Ht W. of tbc OiiiM) wM Uid olTtnb
Apr!{t I7t9» Itt boandwrits am Am
•iSciaily, dcftrilMd t •< BMinnias at tbc
iw>ttrh af tbs JUttk MichuliinfckiiMck
river ^ ruimmg thence routhirl^ in • «)i*
fcA lint to dtc mouth of th« Ltttk river
above fort Mi^ac, ihmii the Ohio river)
^ence with the Ohio to iti jui>£Uon
with the MiiTifippi i thence up the Mifli-
fippi to the mouth of tlie Illmoi* river)
ana up the lUinoii to the place of be-
ginning, with all rhe adjacent idanda of
the faid rivers Illinois and MifllAppi."
Clair, St. a fort in the territory N.
W. of the Ohio, i» fltuatcd S5 milci N,
of fort Hamilton, on a Imall creek
which falls into the Great Miami } and
f I miles S. of fori Jeflferibn.
CLM9.,8r. lakt, lies about halfway
between lake Huron and lake Erie, in
|!iloith America, and is about 90 miles
in circumference. It receives the wa-
ters of the three great )flkt», Superior,
Michigan, and Huron, and diQ:harges
them through the rivpr or ftrait, ca/Ud
p*£troit (whifh is in French, theftiait)
into lake Erie. Its channel, a| alio that
of the lake, is fufncicntly deen for vef-
fels of very conflderable burden. See
p'Mtroit.
CtAM Town* See Egg harbour.
Clarb, a townlbip on St. Mary's
bay, in Annapolis co. Nova-Scoria. It
has about 50 families, and is compofed
of woodland and laic tnaidi.
Clarkmqn r, a townfliip in Cheshire
po. New-Hanjiplhire, on the E. Iide of
ConneAicut river, oppoflte Afcutney
Sountaih, it; Vermopt, and on the N.
ie of Sugar ^. i^ 24, miUs S. of Dart-
ipouth college, and I ai S- W. by W. of
ro tlmouth. It was incorporated in
7764,, audisontains 1435 inhabitants.
Ci^ARBMONT Co, in Camden dil^riA,
S. Carolina, contains 2479 whitjs inha-
bitants, and ^i 10 ^aves. Statciburg is
the county town.
Clarendo^I Set Ci^ Ffor riwr.
Clarendon Ce. the iouthernmoft in
Camden diftria, S. Carolina, is about
30 miles long and jo broad, and con-
tains 1790 whites and 6ox Have;.
Claren.^on, atowulhip near the
centre of Rutland co. Vermont, water-
ed by Otter Creek and its tributary
Areams) 14 or 15 milca E. oi'Fairha-
C L A io|
nRt and 44 N. B« of 9ani|B|toii. It
coittains 147! inlnliiaima. ' On tlie 8f
fi. fi e of a mountain lithe wvicnx
?n of Chutndon, or In the e^ of
inmouthi t| ac^ious cave* the motitll
of which h not n|orc than a|'^ iia
diameter, in iti defcetitt ilie paAfi
makes an angle witn the hbrlaon of y
or 40 degrees ) but eontinuea of naarW
the lape diameter throu^ its wbdl
length, which U }i{ M* At thatdU
fiance from the mouth* It vjftn§ into a
fpacious room, ao feet k«g, fa| wU&i
and 18 or ao feet high. Evcrv n>^rt <^
the floor, fides and roof of tn! xho^
appear to be a Iblid rock, bu. vciy
rough and uneven. The water it con-
tinually percolating thrmigh the top,aii4
has formed fialai6lUeji of various forma |
many of which are conical, and fome
have the appearance of maflive columns.
From this room there is a commuaica*
tion byanarrowpaflfageto othera ^ual^
ly curioils.
Clarke, a nevv county of Kentucky*
betw|:en the head waters of Kentucky
and Licking rivers. Its chief towA JM^
Winchefter.
Clark8B(7RG, the chief town of
llarrirun co. Virginia. It containf
about 40 houfes* a court-houie, and gaol)
and Hands on the E. fide of Nlononga-
hela K . 40 miles S. W. of Morgantown.
Clakkstown, in Orange co. New-
York, lies on the W. fide of the Tap-
pan Sea, « miles diftant } northerly from)
Tappan townOiip, ^ miles, ana from
New- York citv, 19 miles. By the flate
cinfus of 1790, as4of its inhabitantf
are dehors.
Clarksvillb, the chief towii of
what was till lately call^ TcnneQee
CO. in the liateofTcnneflee, is pleafant-
ly fituared on the E. bank vf Cumber-
land 1^* and at the mouth of J^ed river,
oppoflte the mouth of Mt^ddy Creek.
It contains about 30 houlcs, a court-
houle and gaul, 45 miles N. W. o|
Nafliville; iijiN. W. by W.of Knox--
ville, ami 940 W. by S. of Philadelphia.
N. l.t. 36, 15. W. long. 88. 57.
CL.iRKSviLLE, a l'ma>l fettlementjn
the N. W. teriitory, which contained*
in i79i> about 60 Ibuls. It is fituated
on the northern bank of the Ohio, op-
pofite LouilVtUe, a mile below the Ra-
pids, and 1 00 iniles b. £. of Poi^ Vin.
cent. It is frequently flooded, when
the river is high* RudiMai^led.by ped-
. P'*»
G4
m til
mtM^pmmt at pnftnt, <nd •«•!-
; ClJrviRACiit • poft tovm in Cohm.
lb CO. NsW'York, pkifiimhr fituttid
M * lif|t ^laii, abttot hi mUn B. of
mMm cirf , omt a cnw of its own
teM. It coMriM about Co boulb» a
HlMili Choreh, a co**^ ttouft, and a
jpol. The townd*'ip, by tbt cvoAn 6f
89 1, contain^ %^nt inhabkai^t«» in-
Miuf S4e flam. Bjr the (Ut« ccnrus
17«(I* there npean to be ai» etcA.
tn. U U ast miles fiom Phihdelphia
Clirk*! IJIm, lie S. W. from, and
H the entrance of Behring'e ftraite,
SI fcparate Afia from America.
p«tl^ belong to Aiia» being very
, and S. 8. W, from the head land
Which liea between, the ftraitt and the
Klf of Anadir, io Afia. They have
rir name in honour of that able navi-
flstor, Capt. Clerk, the companioa of
Capt. Cook. In other Maps they are
called St Andrea Ifles,
Clirmont, a poli town in Colum-
bia CO. New. York, < mil^t from Red
Hook, 15 fromHudfon, 117 miles N.
of New York, and aia from Philadel-
eiia. The townfliip contains 16; in-
bitants, inclufitre of 113 flares.
' ^ Clirmont, a village 1 3 miles from
Cfemden, South Carolina. In the late
inr, here was a bluck.houfecncompair-
cd by an abbatls. It was taken from
fol. Kugcly. of the BritiOi militia, in
Dte. 17S1, bv an ingenious ftratagem
df lieut. col. walhington.
Ci.iB, Lakb ht» in Upper Canada,
ibout 3! miles long, and 30 broad { its
5itei-s communicate with thofe of Lake
ui'on.
Cli NCH MoiuaaiM, divides the waters
of Hol(*Mi and Clinch rivers, in the
Aftte of ''enneflte. In this mountain,
fiuik*s Sardcn, and Morris^ Nob,
^ighr be defcribed as curiofities.
Clinch, or PeUfitit a navigable
branch of Tennefl^e K. which is equal
in length to Holfton R. its chief branch.
Biit lefs in width. It rifcs in Virginia,
and after it enters into tlie ftate of Ten-
jftelKe, it receives PowePs, and Poplar's
f reek, ^nd Bmery'b river, befiJes other
Hreams. The courfe of the Clinch is
8. W. and S.^ W. by W. Its moiith,
1 50 yards ifMe, lies 35 miles below
ICnoxville, and 60 .above the mouth of
tbeHiwal^. It is bqatahle for up-
<i>anla of aoo mfles } and Powel^a R.
CLI
niiriy m laife ta thtoMiM rNtr« b |p
vinbk ibr beatt 100 milei. **
CURTOii, the moft nonhiM ceonty
of ctie lbc« of Nfw.York, it botadid
N. byCanadai B. by the dcepeft wiMra
of Lika ChMupbb, whbh Una ftparaita
kftvm Varmofit 1 and 8. by the coumV
efWafliiagton. Byftweenfttaof 1701,
It contained t6f4inbMlantff Including
i7flavea. It is divkbd Into 5 Vamtn
Oiipa, vb. Plattflnuv, the capita^ Crown
Point, Willflboroutth, Chamnlain, and
Pent. The length from tf . to 8. b
i«bout 9( miles, and the breadth from
E. to W. inclndini; the line upon thd
lake, is 36 miles. The number of funis
is now (1796,) eftimaied to be i,ooo.
By the Itateccimis, in Jan. 1796, there
were <6a4 peribns entitled to be eleAors.
A great proportion of the lands are of
an excellent quality, and produce abun-
dance of the various kinds of gnb cuU
tivated in other parts of the Hate; The
people manufaAure earthen ware, pot
and pearl aflies, in larjre quantities,
which they export to New- York or
Quebec. Their wool is excellent ) their
beef and pork fecond to none ) and the
price of liall-fed beef in Montreal 60
miles from Plattfburgh, is fiich as to
encourage the fanners to drive their
cattle to that market. Their fbrefts
fupply them with fugar and molafles*
and the foil is vrell adapted to the cul-
ture of hemp. The land carriage from
anjr part of the country, in tranlportlng
their produce to New- York, does not
exceed ig mile«. Tht carrying place
at Tic nderqga is li miles { aiM tinom
Fort George, at thrS. end of the lake
of that name, to Fort Edward, is but
1 ^ miles. The fmail obftmAions after
that are to be removed by the proprie-
tors of the northern canal. From this
country to Qjiebec, are annually fent
large rafts } the rapids at St. Johns's awJ
Chamblee, being the only interruptions
in the navigation, and thofe not fo great,
but that at fonie feafons, batteaux with
fixty bufliels of fait can afcend them.
Salt is fold hereathajf adollar a bufliel.
Saranac, Sable, and Boquet rivers water
Clinton co. The firll is remarkable
for the quantity of falmoit it produces.
' Clinton, a townfliip in Dutchefs
CO. New- York, above Ponehkeepfie.
It is large and thriving, and contains
4607 inh^itants, including 176 flaves.
666 vH its inhabitants are eleAors.
CUNTQN,
&6ii'
> CitiitM, • IMnMM In TiAgi M.
Mm.Yorit, bMmM br FftjTMte M tht
11. W«n«i«l lb* i. OriMoii tht W.
and fnnklU biOlftge co. m MmS.
VmcHH* R. Joim iStm 8ali|«MlMmMdi at
(1m N. B. canwr» and iht eoaSamc
ftraun tvM 8> W« to Waittn*
CtiMrov, a ptantation in Lincoln
to, diftiift of Malnti lim a; milt* from
NallowciN
Clinton, pnriih, in tht i^wndiip of
Paris, 7 miln from Wliitcttown, n a
wcaltliy, plearant, ftoorifliing fettlement,
coniainhig fcYcral liandfome iioufei, a
ncwhr mAcd Fre(bytertan meeting-
houie, a conveniau (cliool iMufe, and
an edifice for an academy delisiitfully
ituated, but not yet finiflicd. Between
tint fettlement, and the Indian fettle-
menta at Oneida, adifbnce of is miles,
(in June 1796) was wildemefs without
any ioAiabitaiits, exceptinjr a few In-
dians at the Old Oneida vulage.
Clinton's Harbwrt on the N. W.
toiXt of N. America, has its entrance in
M. ht. $%. IS. W. long. i}|t. Ca|>t<
Oray named it afier gov. Clinton of
New.York.
Clio<^OT. See Ctj/iquot.
Cli STING 8, a fierce nation of Indians
Ivho inhabit round Hudlbn bay. See
NiW'BritaiM.
Clostbk, a village in Bergen co.
Ncw'Jerfey, nearly 7 miles S. E. of Pe-
ramus, and 16 N. of New.Yoric city.
CLTOquoT, a found or bay on the
N. W. coalt of America, weilerly from
Berkley's Sound. See Hancock^ iHaHtour.
COATZACVALCO, a navigable river
of Mexico, or New-Spain, which emp-
ties into the gulph of Mexico, near the
country of Onohualco.
CoBBBiECONTE, or C(;g^f90l, which
in the Indian language fignifies the land
where flurgeons are taken, is a fmall ri-
ver which rifes fhim ponds in the town
of Winthrop, in the diilri6l of Maine;
and falls into the Kennebeck within 3
miles of Nahunkeag Ifland, and 1 5 fiona
Moofe Ifland.
CoBE<^n , or Colcbifter river, in
Nova-Scotia, rifes within so miles of
Tatamogouche, on the N. E. coaft of
Nova-Scotia j from thence it runs fouth-
erly, then S. W. and W. into the E. end
oftheBafinof Minas. At its mouth
diere is a fbort bank, but there is a good
dhstnnel on each fide, which veflels of
^0 tunt buiden may {>aft, and go i^o
coii IH
mllig-«p lit lifNT. Tim ti«
fcattnnsd ftttlemtnu on Ha barikt.
CotetiiY, in (ka dUbia oT
Set Pilf/flM.
CoBBSA, or CdiUi, an obfbii Ml
and villajn in tht auiUMdi of IM Cba^;
cus, in rem, S. Amtrica. TKt placi
is inhabited 1^ about fo Indian ftmiHi^
and is the moil barren fpot on tilt vmU
This it, however, the nearefl port td
LijMS, whert (lure are filvcr mines, ami
alio to FotoTi, which is yet above io«
leagnis diftant, and that thrpugh a da-
fart country.
CoBHAM, a fmall town in Virglniaf
on the S. hank of James R. oppoiito
Jametiown ( so miles N. W. of SuffoUc,
and 8 or 9 S. W. of Williamlburg.
CoBHAM Jfltt mentioned bv Captain
Middleteton, in the journal of his voy.
age for finding a N. E. palbge. Ita
two extremities bear N. by E. and B«
bv N. in N. lat. 63., E. long, froni
Churchill, 3. 50. which he takes to bt
the Brtek Cohbam of Pox.
CoBLESKiLLt a new town in the eo.
of Schoharie, New- York, incorporatad
M.'M-ch, 17^7.
CocAMCO, a townfliip in Lancafter
CO. Pennfylvjnia.
CocHBCHO, a N* W. branch of
Pifcataqaa.R. in New.Ham|ifliire. It
rileM in the Blue Hills in Stratford co.
and its mouth i« 5 miles above Hiltoira
Point. See Pi/mtaqua.
CocHABAMBA, a province and jurif.
di£\ion in Peru, 50 Uagties from Platai
and 56 from Potofi. ' Its capital of tht
fame name is one of the richeft, largeft^
and moft populous in Peru, as it is tht
granary ot the archhiflioprick of Plata {
and in fon^efpo|s fiiver mines have l>een
dilirovei-ed.
CocKBURNB, a townfliip in the
northein partof New-Hamj}lhire, Graf-
ton CO. on the E. bank of Connc£licut
river, S. of Colebrooke.
Cocker MOUTH, a. town in Grafton
CO. New-Hamplhire, about 1 5 miles N.
E. of Dartmouth Cc^llegs. It was in*
curporated in 1766. and in 1775, con-
tained 1 18 inhabitants; anci in 1 790, 373.
Coc K s AKi E . See Coxakie.
Cou. See Cape Cod, BarnfiaUe ea,
znd'Prov'mcetowutt.
CoDORus, a townfltip in Yorkco*
Penhfylvania.
CosvMANt, a townfliip in Albany
CO. New- York, i a miles below A)bai^.
«p6
CPH
l{r |hr ftate euvfus pf 1796, ^§9 of its
i||abiu\iitt are elcAors.
Coiio:<AWAGA,apari(h in the town-
Kip of Johnftown, Montgomery co.
Hew York, on the W. fide of Mc'^awk
It. *< miles W. of Scheneaady. Tliis
fbce, which had been fettled near $p
jmrt, and which was the feat of Sir
wiHiam Johnfon, was moftly deftroyed
hf the Bi-itiffi and Indians, under the
command of Sir Wiliiami in the year
t7So. In this action, Johnfon evince^
a want of feeling which would have dil-
^ccd ai (avage. The pr pie deftroyed
n this expedition, were h>s old neigh-
bours, with whom he had tbrmetly livtxl
is the hahit» of friendOiii). His eftate
was among them, and tiie inhabitants
Itad always cbn/idered him as their
fifend and neighbour. Thefe unfoitu-
■ale ptople, after feeing their houfes
wad property coniumed to afiies, were
hurried, fuch as could walk, into cruel
captivity ; thofe who could not walk,
hu M&'\tm to the tomahawk and fcaJp-
ing knife. See Caghnatuaga.
Cohan zr, or Qtfariat a fmall river,
which rifes in Saliin co. New-Jerfey,
and running through Cumberland eo.
empties into Delaware R. oppcfite thp
vppci' tnd of Bombay Hook.. It is
aboot 30 miles in length, and is n^viga-
Mb for vefleU of 100 tons to Bridgt-
fown, so miles from its mcuth.
CoHASSET, a townihip in Norfolk
CDk. Maflachufetts, which was incorpo-
xat.-d in t77o, and contains 817 inhabit-
ants^ It has a congregational church,
aad is£ houfes, fcattered on different
farms. Cohaffet rocks, which have been
ib fatal to many veflels, lie off this town,
about a leagiie from the fliorr. It lies
a5miiesS.E.ofBofton}butinaftraight
fine not above half the diftancc
CaHOEZ, or the Falls in Mohawk R.
between » and 3 miles from its mouth,
tad ro miles northward of Albany, are
a very great natural ctuiofity. The
fiver aiiove the falls is abcut 300 yards
widci and approaches them from the
N. W. in a rapid current, between high
banks on each fide, and puurs the whole
bady of its water over a perpendicular
rack of about 40 (fome fay more) feet
in height, which extends quite acroi's
the river, like a mill-dam. The banks
of the river, immediately below the falls,
are about ico feet high. A bridge 1 100
fiMt kmg, and 34 feet \vu!e, rening on
COL»
13 piers, waserea^»atthee9tpflae<|of
I a,opo dollars, in 1794, a mile bc)(iw
the falls, from which a fpcAator fnajr
have tL gcwni view of themi but they
appear moft romantically from Laniinr
burgh hill, 5 miles E. of them. ;
CoHONGORPNTO is the name of
Potowmack K. before it breaks through
the Bliie Bidge, In N. lat. 39. 45. lt%
whole length to the Blue Ridge may
be about |6o miles { from thence it al-
fui|ies the name ofP9tittumack,Yr\iich (ct^
CoHVixCAs,a country inNew-Spain,
ip which there is a confiderabie moun.|
tain of loadftooe, betweea TcoUtyUm
nnd Chilapan.
CoKESBiJKY Cof.iECE, in the town
of Abington. in Harford co. Maryland,
is an innitution which ^>^* ^^^ ^ RFO^
mote the improvemet^t of fcien(:e, an4
the cultivation of virtue. It was foun4>
xi by the Methodifts, in 1785, apd has
its name in honour of Thomas Cu)(e, an4
Francis A {bury, the American bifliops
of the Methodift Epifcopal churchy
The edifice is of brick, handlbmelj
built, pi^ a healthy fppt, enjoying a finf
: air, and a very extenfive proi(ue«. Thq
college was ereAed, and is wholly fup-
porteJ by fubfcnptiun and voluntary
donations, The ftudents, who are to
confill of the fons of travelling preachy
ers, annual fubfcrihers, members of the
fbciety, and orphans, are inftruded iif
Rnglifh, Latin, Greek, logic, rhetoric^
hilloiy, geography, natural philofophy,
and a'ftronumy ; and when tlie financeit
of the college will admit, they are to bq
taught the Hebrew, f'rtnch, and German
languages. The rules for the pri^'atc
condua of the ftudents extend to theic.
amufements i and z]i tend to promote
regularity, entourage indu(iry, and tp
nip the buds of.idlenefs and vice. Theic
recreations without doors are, walking,
Sardening, riding, and bathing } within
oors they have tools and accommoda-
tions for the carpenter s, joiner's, cabi-
net maker's, or turner's bufinefs. Thdi^
they are taught to confider as pleafing
aixt lieaUhful recreations, both for the
body and mind.
CoLAN, a linall Indian town, fituated
near the South Sea, x or 3 learues to
the northward of Payta, inhabited by
fiihermen. Here they make large rafts
of logs, which will carr 60 or 70 tons
of goods; with thefe ■ y make long
voyages, even to Panama, f or 6qo
leaguei
lewoet dUbint. They have fimaftivith
a foil (aftcaed to it. They alway* go
befei« the wind, being unable to ply
againft it} and therefore only fit for
theft feaa, where the wind it always in
a manner the fame, not nuying al>ove a
point or two all the way fro\n Lima,
till they come into the bay of Panama i
and there tl^y muft fometime* wait for
a change. Their caigo it ufually wine,
oil, frgar.Qjuto cloth, foap, and drefled
goat (kins. T'he float is usually navi
gated by 3 or 4. men, who fell their float
where they difpofe ot their cargo { and
return as paflen^ers to the port they
came from. The Indians go out at
night bv the help of the land-wind, vyith
fiAingnoats, more manageable than the
others, though thefe have mafts and fails
too, and return again in the day-time
with tlie fea-wind.
Colchester, a townfliip in Ulfter
CO. N. Voik, on the Popachton branch
of Delaware river, S. W. of Middle-
town ; and about 50 miles S. W. by S.^
of Cooperftown. By the ftate cenl'us
of 1796, 193 of its inhabitants are elec-
tors.
Colchester, a large townOiip in
{ilew- London co. Conne6licut, iettUd
in 1701 ; about 15 miles weftwatd of
Norwich, 25 S. E. of Hartford, and zo
N. W. of New LoiMion city. It is in
contemplation to have a poit- office efta-
bliflied in this town.
Colchester, the chief town in Chit-
tenden CO. Vermont, is on the E. bank
of lake Champlain, at the mouth of
Onion river, and N. of Burlington, on
Colchefter bay, which i'preads N. of the
town.
Colchester, a pofli-town in Fair-
fax CO. Virginia, fitu.ited on the N. E.
bank of Ocquoquam creek, 3 or 4 miles
from its confluence with the Potow-
mack } and is here about 100 yards
wide, and navigable for boats. It con-
tains about 40 houies, anil lies 16 miles
3. W. of Alexandria, 106 N. by E. of
KichiMond, and 171 trom Pliiladtlphia.
Colchester R. Nova Scotia. See
Cohequit,
Cold Springs in the ifland of Jamai-
ca, is ^ villa, 6 miles from the highlands
of Liguania. The grourds are m a
highftate oi' improvement. Cold fpring
{s 4S00 feet above the level uf the Tea ;
and fewer none ot the tropical fruits will
fieurUbinibculd a climate. The ge-
■-fP
co-ir toy
ncral ftate of tke thcnnometer U M9
55. to 65. } and evei) Ibmetimct Q> lam
as 44.: fo that a fire there, even at
noou-day, is not only comfortable, bat
necefliuya great part of the year, hbmf
of the Engufli fruits, astheamtle, tha
peach, and theftrawberry, flouriflt tbere
m great perfi:6tion, with feverai other
valuable exotics, as thetea.tKeandodiler
oriental pro<iudi<uis.
Cold Spring Covet near Burlington,
New-Jerfey, i« remarkable f-^r its fand
and clay, ufed in the r.anufaSknrt of
Siafs ; from whence the glafii works at
[amilton, 10 miles W. of Albany, an
lupplied with thefe articles.
Colebrooke, in the northern pait
of New- HampUiire, inOraftoc co. Uea
on the E. b:ink of Connecticut R. op.
."ofite the Greai. Monadnock, in Ca-
naan, ftate of Vermont j joining Cock-
bume on the fouthward, and Stuarta-
town on the northward } is6 milea N.-
W. by N. from Portfmouth.
GoLEBROOKE, a rough, hiilytowB»
fliip on the N. line of Connefticut, in
Litchfield cc. ; jom'lesN. W. <^iljirt>
ford city. It was iettled in 1 7 56. Itoe
are % iron works, and i'everal mills, fm
Still R. aN. W. water of Farmihgtoo
K. In digging a cellar in this r nm, at
tiie clofe of the year 1 796, belongii^ to
Mr. John Hulhurt, the work men, at the
depth of about 9 or to feet, found thrw
large lofks and two thigh bones of an
animal, the latter of which meafured
each about 4 feet, 4 inches in length*
and I scinches in circumference. VOien
firlt diicovered they were entire, I ut aa
ibon as they were exposed to the air
they moukiered to dull. This adds
another to the many la^s, wlich prove
that a race of enormous anitnals, now
extinCl, once inhabited th<: United States.
CoLbRAiN, a townfhip in Lancafter
CO. Pennfylvania.
C0LER.-iiN, a town on the N oank.
of Sc. Mary's river, Camden co. Geor^
gia, 40 or 50 miles from its mouth. Oa
the 10th of June, 1 796, a treaty of peace
and fricndlliip wixs made ana concluded
at this place, between the Prcfident of
the United States, on ih one part, in
behalf of the United States, and the
king's chiefs and wan iors of the Creek
nation of Indians, on the other. By this
trtaty, che line hstwicn the white peo>
pie and the Indians, was eftablifhed to
run " from the Currahce mouutain to
Cht
fdt
^01
fete Mid «r tsmef of Ae imifi flMth
WinMi OT rae Oeonct nvcTf csHoot by
i^ white pieott|e>Appil«tohce, and by.
^ IHdiiiM. Tula{Kwka» «id dmra the
IlkHMledrth^fame." Liberty wat aMb
^ilreH bfifhe Indiana to the Prefident of
thitf United States, to " eAablifli a trad-
Sofi^ or rttilitary poft on the S. .fide of
AMtamaha, about i mile from Beard's
bkifF, or any where from tlience down
the river, on the lands of the Indians ;"
imd the Indians agreed to ** annex to
6td poft a tra£l of lat^ of five miles
fqaare j and in return for this and other
tokens of iViendihip on the part of
the Indians, the United States ftipnlated
to rive tltem goods to the value of 6000
dolTara, and. to fumifli them with two
bUckliniths with tools.
CotRAiNE, a townOiip in Hampftiire
CO. Maflitchufctts, whicn contains as 9
'faoufes, and 14.17 inhabitants.
CoLiMA, a large and rich tOwi^ of
Mechoacan and New-Spnin, on the S.
-SMi near the bonters ai Xalifca, and in
the mod plcaiant and fruitful valley in
•U Mexico, producing cocoa, caflia, and
^hcr things of value, befides lomtr gold.
JDampier takes notice of a volcano near
1t, with two fliwp peaks, from which
^loke and flame ioue continually. The
iiunoiis plant oleacaxan grows in the
-fwighbonrhood, Which is i- ckoned a
catnolicon for rcftoring decayed ftrengrh,
and a I'pcciiic againft all forts of poifun.
'The natives apply the leaves to the
parts atie6t«d, and judge of the fuccefs
■0 the op<!ration by their flicking or
felling off,
CoLUM Bi At • townfliip in Waihing-
tbn CO. diftri£l of Maine, om Pleafant K.
Adjoining Machias on the N. £. and
^TOS formerly called Plantations No. 1 1
-•nd 13. Ivwas incorporated in 1796.
The town of Machias lies i e miles to
the eallward. It is 9 miles mim Steu-
■licn.
CbLTfMBiA Ceimty, in New- York, is
bounded N. by RenH^laer, S. by Dutch-
efs, £. hy the ilateof Maflachufetts, and
W. by Hiiilibn R. which divides it from
Albany co. |t is 31 miles in length and
SI in brt;adth, and is divided into eight
towns J Of which Hudl'on, Claverack,
and Kintierhook ai-e the cliief. It con-
tained, in 17^0, S7,7}s ialiabitants, and
-in 1796, 3560 dolors.
' C0117MBIA Goli*ge, See Niw-Tark
COM
^ e&LVMUJi^, TBttmrMir 07^ See
Wiitplii^Hiit ot the FtdtftUt tUtt
• COLi^MBitA, • poft town, the e«pM
of Kerfliaw co. and the fcit of jHHrem^
ment of Sooth-Carolina. If i* fttwited
in Camckn diftrift, on the E. ftddof the
Congaree, juft below the confluence of
ISaluda and Bread rivcrs.^ The ftreets
are regular, and the . tiyvn coiitains up>.
wards of 70 houfcs. The public oflieet
have, in Tome meafure, beendivided, for
the accommodation of the inhabitants
of the lower counties, and a branch )f
each retained in Charleftown. It-|ies 11*5
miles N* N.W. of Charleftown, 35 S.W,
of Camden, S5 trom Augufta, in Geor>
gia, and 678 S. W. ot Philadelphia.
N. lat. 34.. I. W. long. So. jy.
COLtTMBiA, a flourilhing poft town
in Goochland eO. Virginia, on the N»
fide of James river, i|t the mouth of the
Rivanna. It contains about 40 houfes,
and a warehoufe for the infpeftion of
tobacco. It lies 4S *^*l** '^v^ K'^'
mond, 35 from Charlottefville, and 3*^
S. W. of Philadelphia.
Columbia, a town newly laid out,
in Lancafter o. Penniylvania, on the
N. E. hnnk oi Suiquehannah river, at
Wright's tieny ; lo miles W. ofLan-
caftet , and 76 W. by N . of Philadelphia.
Columbia C9. in the Upper diltrift
of Georgia, is bounded by Savannah E.
on the N. E. and E. which feparates it
from the ftate of S. Carolina, N. W. of
Richmond co. Iti Ibape is very irre*
gular.
Columbia, a town in the N. W.
territory, on the N. bank of Ohio river,
and on the W. fide o£ the mouth of
Little Miami R. ; about 6 msles S. E.
by E. of Fort Waihington, t\E. byS.
ot Cincinnati, and 87 N . by W* of Lex-
ington, in Kentucky. N. lat. 39. «o.
. Com AN A, a town and province in the
northern divifion of Terra Fiima, S.
America. It lies on the N. eafternmoft
part ftf the fea coaft.
Com ARC o, a town of New-Leoh, in
N. America, fituated on the S. fide of
Kio Bravo, which empties into the gulf
of Mexico on the W. fide.
Combahbe, a confiderable river of
South-Crirolina, which enters St. Helena
found between Coofa and Alhepoo
rivers.
CoMBAflEE Fern^ on the above ri-
ver is r 7 milet from Jackfonfiioroogh, 1 5
ftoiaFocotagiioMMl 51 ftmnCharleftown.
COMfURT
■Mil )*Mt«dF,Kfa>ifc<Hl*dly wfc anWrn-
niiit, fonnedl hy |jWie» R. •! 4tt •ooA
m Chdapeafc bwr* Voi«t Comfoct Jim
af ntfks W* bjr «. of Gape Henrv.
. CoMMAMOBs, one of thje rtmUl Viro
gin iflea, in the Weft-Indiet, fituttrd to
tlM M. N.E. of Tortuh. N. lat« i8.
«5. W. bng. (3.
GOMfoSTBLLA, a Very rich town in
Kew*6pain, ai^ province of XalifcQ,
built in 1^531, fitiiated near the S. Sea*
400 mile* N. W. of Mexico. The foil
it barren and the air unhealthful ; bnt
it hat feveral mines of iilv«r at St. Pe-
caque, initaneighboarhood. N. lat. si.
so. W. long. 109. 4t. See CuUacam,
COMAioHARY, a poft town, on the
8. fide of M<^iwlc nver, New-York,
very large, 3^ miles above Schenectady,
and 318 from Philadelphia. Sec Caaa-
johary.
CojiAWAHOO, a northern branch of
.Alleghany riv<-r, in Pennfylvaftiat which
(ifes from Chataughq lie lake.
CONCEjPTioti, a large hay on the E.
fide of Newfoundland ifliuid, w^ofe en*
trance is between Ca|)e St. Francis en
itfie fonthward, and Plaraborough-head
on the noithward. It nins a great way
into the land in a fouthein dif«6lion,
having nwderous bays on the W. fule,
«n which are two fettlements, Carbo-
itiereandHavrede Grace. Settlements
were made here in in 1610, by about 40
l^nters, under governor John Guy, to
whom king James had granted a patent
«f incorporation.
Q0KCK9Tii>»»f Salaytt a fma'l towji
■of N. America, in the province of Me-
xhoacan, in Mndco or New-Spain, was
built by the Spaniards, as well as the
ftatbns of St. Michael and St. Philip,
to lecure the road from M«:choacan to
the filver mines of Zacatea. They
have alfo given this name to feverai
boroughs of America ; as to that in
Fu(\ianiola idand, and to a Tea- port of
California, &c.
Conception, by the Indians called
Pt^uo, a city m ChtlL S. America, fitu-
ated on the edge of the Tea, at the
mouth of a river, and at the bottom
of a bayof its own name. It lies in
abojt 37. S. lat. It was feveral tiroes
0' rttroycci bv the powerful confederacy
.cf the Indian!), and as often repaired.
Vn 17 30 it wa» deftroyed by an earth-
qaake» and fiace that rebuilt.- It is
vvftliki (III* awilraw Mik jiwl^^
$N Mgo> ami A» govyBid^vM i4l' # i i
«lore. The SpMJtfli ig A tWi| | <t .Af»»
are the iQoft vNunMiw llHl'bwW''P IV
iil$«AnNri«4 thvy am iM ^Mi4ll
wrms 6i«uiii^ tchikUiooAii.tff bcnulf
lorefift tlie ia«»cli4^ the CMleftli^^Mb
whom they Haiw raMMi to «o«^id«r »
formidable enen^. .
The inhftbitfint^i . and ^m<'^ w^
mad. excel in horfempaihipi thef Ma
very dextrous in managing 4hit )mm
or Aoofe } and 'it is viry mr« to UfiOmm
miff their aim, . though at &li iiMoi«
wkb the noofe, which they thntw 49
or 50 yards, Wio hatter .the objoft .«P
their diverfion or revenge. This lunije
is naade of Uiongs of covybidet tbcfe
they twift with oil, till ttodered rfuiylf^
and pliant to command I aiwl fo ftrQiw
that, when twifted, thev will* it 4s f»id^
Jiold a wild bull, w^icn would bt«ak#
halter of hemp of twice the thicikneft. •
The foil here ia fruitful, abeiniiiios
with com and excellent wiae« T^
frnit trees bear fo luxuriaptfay hare, thait
they are forced to thii.- the fruit, otheii-
wi^ the bnmches would break, imr
could the fruit come to ntaturity. Tbifi
city has a church and fix very famous
monafteries} but the dNVvlling bwfep
make ho great appearance. Here the
women go out in the night to toe flwp*,
to buy fuch neceflfariet as they wmt £pr
their families, it being contrary to the
cuftom of this countiy for women ^'
any character, to go abroad in the day-
time on fuch affairs. It is an Ofter*
town } and the few batteries it has, ,acp
kept in very indifferent order.
Co.NC HUGOS, a jurilUiC^ion in the
empire of Peru, in S. America, und«r
the archbifliop of Lima ; it begins 4p
leagiKS N. N. £. of the metropolis, «^i
runs along the center of the Cordillera.
It produces fruits, grain, &c. and af-
fords extenfive pafture for cattle of «|1
kinds. Several branches of the Vrool.
len manufe^tory are ca.tied on h^re,
which conftitute its ^reateft commerce
with the other provinces.
CONCORP, a |»oft town of New-
Hampfliire, very fluiuifhing, and plea-
fantly fituatedon the W. bank of Mer-
rimack river, in Rockingham co. 8 mil<is
above Hookfet falls. The leglfiature,
of latt, have commonly held their, ftf-
fions here; and from its central Situa-
tion, aiul a thrivini; bask countfy, it
will
tt«
t o »
401 pthMf
ml cir tomnn
j ^aw m me n t. Much w the trade
•f tile erpfier cmmtiy centera here. A
'" mc toll bridge acroA the Meni'
c« conneOii this town with Pem-'
It has 1747 inhabitants^, and
I tncerporatect in 1 765. The Indian
taflta was Pimtntk. It was granted by
MaAchufetts, and called Rumfittt.
The com^ft part of the town contains
about tja hotifes* a congregational
churcht ind an academy, which was tn.
Cprporated in 1790. It is 54 miles W«
N. W. of rortrmouth, $9 S. W< of
Sartmonth college^ and 70 nort!iward
firom Bf^on^ N« lat. 43. i a. W. long.
71. S9.
CoNCORO* in Efle* CO. Vermont,
Ike on ConneAictit river, oppofite a poit
of the I5.milt falls.
^ONCOKD, in Maflachnretts, a poft
tthm, one of the moft confiderable
towns in Middlefex co. iituated onCon-
coad river, in a healthy and plea&nt
fyotf nearly in the center of the coiin*
ty, and it miles N. W. of BoiM*
and 17 £. of Lancafter. Its Indian
Mune was Mufqueteoutd } and it owes
its prefent name to the peaceable man-
«cr in which it was obtained from the
natives. The firft fettiers, among whom
were the Rev. Meflrs. Buckley and
Jcmes, having iiettled the purchafe, ob-
tuned an aA of incorporation, Sept. 3,
1635) and this was the moft diftant
^tlcment from the fea-lhore of New-
England at that time. The fettlers
never had any conteft with the Indians ;
and only three perfons were ever, killed
by them within the limits of the town.
In 1791, there were in this townfliip
sa5 dwelling houfes, and 1590 inhabi-
tants { of the latter there were 80 per-
Ions upwards of 70 yea.s old. For 1 3
years previous to 1791, the average
number of deaths was 17 j one in tour
of whom were 70 years old and up-
wards. The public buildings are, a
congreeational chivch, a fpacioos (lone
gaol, the beft in New-England, and a
very handfome county court-houfi;.
The town is accommodated with three
convenient bridges over the river j one
of which is ao6 feet loi^, and 18 feet
wide, fupported by 1 a piers, built after
the mtjiner of Charles river bridge.
This town is famous in the hiflory of
the revolution, having been the feat of
the fMWrindal coogreu in 1774, and the
CONf
ipoc wneiv cnc nnc oppuunon wav
made to the ftitHh troope» on the lut*
morable 19th of Aprif; 1775. The
general couit ha«« firM(iicntly iJeM their
fttCicni here when contagious dlftafce
hate prevailed in (he eajntal. M; lat.
Concord^ a fmall river of Maflh-
chnfettst fbrnied of tweibranches, which
unite near the centre of the town of
Concord, whence it takes ita coarfe ill
a N. E4 and N« direAion through Bcd«
fonl and Billerica, and empties itfelf in«
to Merrimack R. at Tewkfbury. Con*
cord R. is remarkable for the gentlenefa
of its current, which is fcarcelyperceiV'*
able by the eye. At low wktcr nrark it
is from 100 to leo feet wide, and from
3 to I s feet deep. During floods, Con»
cord R. is near a mile in oreadth ; and
when viewed fiom the town of Con-
cord, makes a fine appearance.
Concord, a townfhip in Delaware
CO. Pennfylvania.
Concord, a fettlement in Oeorgia»
on the E. bank of the Miflifippi, about
a mile from the S. Ime of Tcnneflce, lot
miles N. firom the nknith of Yasoo R.
and ai8 below the Ohio. N. lat. 33.
55. W. long. 91. 85.
CoNDB, Fort, or MMU tiht i* f>-
tuated on the W. fide of Mobile bay,
in Weft-Florida, about 40 miles above
its mouth in the gulf of Mexico* N*
lat. 30. 41. W. long. S7. 57.
CoNDBCEDO, a cape or promontorf
of N. America, in the pnvmce of Yu-
catan, 100 miles W. of Merida. N.
lat. so. 50. W. long. 91. ay.
CONDBSUYOS DE ARE^VIPA, aju.
rifdiAion under the bifhopmAreouipaB
30 leagues N. of that city, in Peru.
Here is cultivated the wild cochinealt
the Indians carry on a great trade with
this article ; they grind it- and mix four
ounces of it with is ounces of violet-
maite, of which thev form cakes of 4
ounces each, and fell it for a dollar a
pound. Thefe cakes they call magnos*
This place alfo abounds with gold and
fiiver mines, which are not fb<carefully
worked as formerly.
CoNDtrsKEEo, a fettlement in the
diftriA of Maine, in Hancock co. con«
uining 567 inhabitants.
CoNBCocHEAOVB CVv/l, rifes near
Mercerf burg,Franklin co. Penpiyivaniav
rtms foutheriy in a winding courfe, and
after fupplying a nwmbcr M mills, emp-
lira
<Wt Into the PotowiMck, at WilllMii
port, in WafliingtoR co. Marylmd t 19
milet S. E. of llucock, and t Ailts 8.
of the PennTylvania linf .
CoNBMAVOH Riwf, and Little Co-
nemAiigh» are the head waters of Kif-
kemanitat, in Pennfylvania i after uaf-
Ctng through Laurel bill and Chefnut
ridge, Concmaugh takes that name and
empties M»to the Alleghany, 19 miles
N. E. of Pittfturg. It is navigable for
boats^ and there is a portage of 18
miles between it and the Frankftown
branch of Juniata river.
CoKaNTES, Las, a city of La Plata
or Paraguay, in S. America, in the dio-
cefe of Buenos Ayres.
CONESTEO, a N. weftem branch of
Tioga R. in New- York. See Cmico-
dt» Cretk,
CoNESTOOA, a townfliip in Lancaf-
ter CO. Pennfylvania.
CoNEaus, a (mall lake in the Ge-
neflee countiy, N. York, which (ends
its waters N. W. to GeneiTee river.
CONGARIB, a coniiderable river of
8. Carolina, fbrmed by the confluence
of Saluda and Broad rivers. The
tinion of the waters of Cong^i'ee and
Wateree, form the Santee.
CoNHOCTOM Creek, in New- York,
is the northern head water of Tioga R.
l^ear itf mouth is the fettlement called
Bath.
Connecticut, one of the United
States of North- America, called by the
ancient natives StutmihticuU is iitu-
ated between 41* and 4s. a. N. lat. and
between 7*. to. ard 7). 15. W. long.
Its greateft breadth is ^% miles, its
length 100 miles J bounded N. by
Maflachu&tts) E. by Rhode L { S. by
the found which divides it from Long I.
and W. by the ftateof New-York. This
ftate contains about 4674 fquare miles;
equal to al)out 2,640,000 acres. It is
divided into 8 counties, viz, Fairfield,
New-Haven, Middlefex and New-Lon-
don, which extend along the found
from W. to E. j Litchfield, Hartford,
Tolland, and Windham, extend in the
fame dire£lion on the herder of the
Ihte of MaflTachufetts. The counties
are divided and fubdivlded into town-
fhips and parifhes } in eaoh cf which is
one or more places of public worship,
and fcheoi-houfesatconvententdiftances.
The nimiber of townfhips is about
lee* Each towofhip is a corporation
CdN
l«
invefted ^th powvra ftifficitnt finr 1^
own internal regulation. The nnmlxr
of rcprefentatives is (ometimM iSoj bvt
more cbmmonly about iCo } anrnMbcr
fully adequate lo legiilate for a wife and
virtuous people, well Informed, ani
jealous of thetr rights ; and .whofia «k«
temal circumf^neeatipproach nearer to
equality than thofe, perhaps, of any
other pieople in a fbte of clvilization» ii
the world.
The' principal rivers m this ftate utg
ConneAicut, Houfatonick^ the Tharaea*
and their branches, which, wkh fuck
others as are woi'thy of notice, will b«
defcribed under their refpeCktveiiunes.^
The whole of the fea-coaft is indent-
ed with harbours, many of which an
fafe and commodious } thofe of Mew-
London and New-Haven are the mott
important. This ftate fends fcvcnue*
prefentatives to Congrefs.
ConneAicut, though fubjeft to ^
extremes of heat and'ookl, in their faM>
Cons, and to frequent fudden chanaes*
is very healthful. It is generally bruECft
land, made up of mountains, hilla
and vallies; and is cxcacdingly well
watered. Some fmail parts of it ave
thin and barren. Its prmcipal pixxhic^
tions are Indian com, rye, wneat in
many parts of the fx^te, oats, and Immv
ley, which are heavy and good, and of
late, buck wheat— 4Iax in large qinui^
ties— fbme hemp, potatoes of fevenA
kinds, puinpkins, turnips, peas, bean«»
&c. &c. Fruits of all kinos which aw
common to the climate. The foil la
very well calculated for pafhirage and
mowing, which enables the fanners t»
feed lai'ge numbers of neat cattle and
horfes.
The trade of Connefticut is princU
pally with the Weft- India iflands, and
IS carried on in vefTels from 60 to 149
tons. The exports confift of horfes,
mules, oxen, oak ftaves, hoops, pine
boards, oak plank, beans, Indian com,
ftfh, beef, pork, &c. Horfes, live cattle^
and lumber, are permitted in the Dutch,
Danifh, and Fi-ench ports. A large
number of coatling veflels are employed
in carrying the produce of the ftate to
other ftates. To Rhode- Ifland, MafGu
chufetts, and New-Hampfhire, they
carry pork, wheat, com and rye— T«
North and South Carolina, and Gcor*
gia, butter, cheefe, falted beef, cyder,
apples, potatoes, hay, 5cc. and reeeiv*
in
ff»
CON
|iinetiM»«ric<|U)dii»nidii^aiMV. But
•I Mtur.yorkti nuanr, w4 toe ftatc
fsi ih» qwriift* »lw»y« wnll known,
fMM^ of tho produce of Omm&kntt
iOfie^aHy of 'tm wcftncn pwu, is cw-
fm tltti«i pvticukrly .pot and peail
Jd|w«> fltt fiwd) beef, pork, chcefe wid
Ituttcr, in Urjie ^u^ittMii. Moft of
<lic prodjMc oTCoAneAicut river iSrom
^ INin^ of AfaffidkuAttt, New-Hamp-
Ihire and Vermont, aa well aa of Con-
^Mftiqit, which are adjacent, goea to
jdiej(il^ market. Confiderable quan-
^Itllea of the produce of the caftem parti
iOf fbc jftate, ai!e marketed at Bofton,
Pkoridenee, and Norwich. The value
jnf dK whole exported produce and
•comniipditiea<from thii ftate, before the
.jecar 1774, waa then cftimated at about
lC.aoo,ooo lawful money, annually. In
Jtbe y«ur ending Sept. 30, 1791, the
amount of foreign exports was 710,340
4(hU«. bcfidet articles carried to different
4prts of the United States, to a great
Xmpunt. In the year 179a — 749,9>/i
4^a.p--rtn the year 179J — 770,139
dolls, xnd in the year 1794—806,746
dolls. This ftate owns and empioya
JQthe foneign and coafting trade, 3»,S9ir
twa of (hipplnp;.
.TWfiiriaerB in.Conne6licut, and their
inmUiea, are moftlv clothed in plain,
dccentyJuMneTpun cbth. Their linens
mtd woollens are manufaiElured in the
Amil^ way} and although they are
generally of a coarferkina, they are of
(a .ftronger texture, and much more du-
fubk-tinnthofe imported from France
■Ml Great-Briuin. Mai^ of their
cloths are fine and handfome. Here are
Jaige orchards of mulberry trees ; and
fiIk>worms have been reared fo fuccefl**
ipUy, as to promtfe, not only a furnily
pf iilk to the inhabitants, but a fur*
pluflage for ocportation.
In New-Haven, are linen and button
nuunufaAories. In Hartford, a woollen
ynanu&£tory has been eftabliAied ; like-
yri(v glafs works, a fnuflf and pow«ler
mill, iron works, and a flitting mill.
Inw works are eftablilhed alfo at SalU-
bury, Norwich, and other parts of the
ftate. At Stafford is a furnace at which
are made large quantities of hollow
ware, and other ironmongei7, I'ufficient
to fuupiy the whole ftate* Paper is
maoufaftured at Norwich, Harttbrd,
New.Havcn, and in Litchfteld county.
Iranmoogery, hata, candka, ^ber.
Qton and boou. wt mm^t&fiml i>
this #ue. A duck maminAoiy haa
been c/^bKibad at Stratfbvd.
The ftate of ConncAkut b bid oit
in fiaairfarms, from 50 to 390 l^ai 4^
acres each, which are held fy .th^fiurm-
era in fee ftms^i and are generally well
cultivated. Theftata is chequeretk with
innumerable roada or Ughwaya crpfling
each other in every dinAion. A tra<
veller in any of thefe roada, even in tha
moft unfettled parte of the ftate, will
lieldom pafs more than two or thnet
miles without finding a houle or cot-
tage, and a farm under fuch improve-
ments, as to afford the neceflSuries for
the fupport of a family. The whole
ftate reiemblea a well culturatedjEarden,
which, with that de^ree.of induftry that
is neceffary to happuieft, prqduces the
necefltu-iea and conveniences of life in
great plenty.
The inhabitanta are almoft entirely
of £ngUfti defcent. There are no
Dutch, French, or Germane, and very
few Scotch or Irifli people, in any part
of the ftateJ The original ftock trom
which have fbrung all the prefimt in.
lubitants of ConndElictit, and the nu-
rtRrous emigrants from the ftate, to
every part of the U. Sutes, confiftcd of
3000 fouls, who fettled in the towns of
Hartford, New-Haven, Wjndfor, Guil-
ford, Milford and Wethersfield, j^ut
the years 1635 and 1636. In 1756, the
population of the ftate amounted to
130,611 fouIs{ in 1774, to 197,8561
in 178a, to 101,877 whitea, and 6)«73
Indiana and negroes} in 1790, to
*37>946perfens, of whoni •764 were
flaves.
The people of CoraieAicut are re-
markably tbnd of having all their dif-
Eutes, even thofe of the moft trivial
ind, fettled J^ccording to law. The
)>rcvalence of this litigious fpirit, af-
fords employment anid fupport for a
numerous body <^ lawyers. That
party fpirit, however, which is the bane
of political happ!'-...rs, haa not raged
with fuch violence in this ftate, as in
Maflachufetts and Rhode Ifland. Pub-
lie proceedings have been conduced ge-
nerally with muchcalmnefs and candour.
The j)cople are well informed in regaixl
to their rights, and judicious in^he
methods they adopt to fecutc them.
The ftate enjoys an uncommon fliare of
political tranquillity and unanimity.
1
All religlito«> that an eonfiftent with
the peace of ibeiety, are tolerated ill
Conneaieuti aikl i fpirit of liberality
and cathoKcifln it increaftn^; There arc
very fbw reKgiom fcAa in this ftatc.
The balk of the people are Congrega.
tionalifte. Befidet thefe, there arcEpif-
copaliant and Baptifts. ^
The damage fuftained by this ftatc
in the late war, was eftimated at
4(i,«35l. i6s. td. To compenrate
the Aifferers, the General Couit. in
May i79«. granted them 500,000 acres
of the weftem part of the rc(crved lands
of Conne^icut, which lie weft of Penn«
iylvania*
There are a great number of very
pleafant towns, both maritime and
inland, in Connefticut. It contains five
cities, incorporated withextenfivejurif-
di£lion in civil caufes. Two of thefe
Haitford and New-Haveh, are capitals
of the ftate. The General AlTembly is
holden at the fomntr hi May, and at the
latter in 0£lobei', annually. The other
cities are New-London, Norwich and
Middleton. Weathersiield, Windfor,
Farmington, Litchfield, Milford, Strat.
fold, Fairfield, Gailford, Stamford,
Windham, Suffield and Enfield, are all
confiderable and very pleafant towns.
In no part of the world is the educa*
tion of all ranks of people more attend-
ed to than in Connenicut. Almbft
every town in the ftate is divided into
difti-i£l«, and each diftri^ has a public
fchool kept in it at a greater or leis part
of every year. Somewhat more than
one third of the monies arifing from a
tax on the polls and rateable eftate of
the inhabitants, is appropriattJ to the
I'upport of fchools in the feveral towns,
for the education of children and youth.
The law dire£^s that a grammar fchool
fliall be kept in every county town
throughout the ftate.
Yale College is an eminent feminary
of learning, and was founded in the
year 1700. See Ta/e College.
Academies have been eliablifhed at
Greenfield, Platnfield, Norwich, Wind-
ham, and Pomfret, fome of which are
flourifliing.
The conftitutton of Connecticut is
founded on 'their charter, which was
granted bv Chaiies II. in i66t, and on
a law of the ftate. Contented with this
form of government, the people have
uut been difpofed to run the hasard of
CON K15
conftitution finca tbt de>
fhniinf • I
cbration of Independence.
Agreeable io wit charter, dNt fii|ireni^
legithdvc authority of the ftate is vdtcd
in a governor, deputy governor^ twelve
afllftants or oounfellors, and the itpre>
fentativea of the people, ftyled the
General Aflemblyt The governor^ de-
puty governor and afliftantsareahtoually
chofen by the freemen in the mohth of
May. The reprefcntatiVes (their num-
ber not to exceed twb from each town)
are chofen bv the fireenien twice a year*
to attend tnc two annual feftions, on
the fecond Tuefdavs of May and Oifto-
ber. The General Aflemhly- is divided
into two branches, called the upper and
lower houfes. The upper noufe is
compofed of the governor) deputy go-
vermor and aftiftants* The lower houfh
of the rrpre(entatives of the people.
No law c&n pafs without the conciir*
rence of both houles.
ConneAicut has ever made rapid ad«
vances in population. There have been
mote ertiigrationa fixHn this, than from
any of the other ftates } and yet it it at
prefent full of inhabitants. This in-
creafe may be afcribed to feveral cauieti
The bulk of the inhabitants are indtif-
I trious, fagacious hufliandmen. Their'
farms fiimifli them with all the necefta-
ries, moft of the conveniences, ah'i but
few ef the luxuries of life^ They, of
courfe, muft be generally temperate, and
if they choofe, can fubnft with at much
independence aa is confiftent with hap-
pinelSi The fubfiftence of the farmer
IS fubftiantial, and does not depend oik
incidental circumAancet, like that of
moft other orofefltdns. ' There it no
neceffity of (erving an apprenticefhip to
the bufinefs, nor of a large ftock of
money to commence it to advatitage*
Farmers, who deal much iu barter, have
iefs need of money than atiy other clafs
of people. The eaib'With which a
comfortable fubfiftence is obtained, In-
duces the hufbandmab to marrv young.
The cultivation of his farm makes him
ftrong and healthful. He toils cheerful-
ly through the day— eats the fruit of
his own labour with a gladfome heart—
at night devoutly thanks his bounteous
God for his daily ble(fings->-retiret to
reft, and his fleep is fweet. Such cir-
cumftances as thefe have greatly con-
tributed to the amazing increale of in-
habitants in thit ftate. Bcfidcs, the
H people
4»4
CON
'
fMfkt \m voder » ftee fgannmait
and have no fear of a tyrant. There
•re no ovdrgrowa eftates» with rich and
•mbitioue landlordtt to have an undue
and Bcrnicioui influence in the elcAion
of cml officers. Property is equally
enough dividcdi and muft continue to
be fo» as long as eflates defccnd as they
BOW do. No perfon is prohibited from
voting. He who has the moft merit',
not he who has the moft money, is
nnerally chofen into public office. As
mHances of this* it is to hi obferved,
that many of the citizens of Connecti-
cut* fiv>m the humble walks of life,
have arifen to the firft pffices in the ftate,
and filled them with dignity and repu-
tation.^ That^ bafe bufuiefs of elec-
tioneering, which is To dire£lly calcu-
hted to introduce wicked anddefigning
men into office, is yet but little known
id ConneAicut, A man who withes to be
chofen into office, aAs wiieiy, for that
end» when he keeps his defires to him-
Mf.
A thirft for learning prevails among
•11 ranks of people in the ftate. More
cf the young men in ConneAicut, in
p ropor ti on to their numbers, receive a
Sublic education, than in any of the
ates.
Th« revolution, which fo eiTentially
•ffi(£ked the government of moft of the
colonies, produced no very perceptible
alteration in the government of Con-
nefticut. While under the jurifdiftion
of Great-Britain, they eleAed their own
governors, and all fubordinate civil offi-
cers, and mode their own laws, in the
fame manner, and with as little control
•s they now do. Connecticut has ever
been a republic ; and perhaps as pericCl
and as happy a republic as has ever
exifted. Wnile other ftates, more mo-
narchical in their government and man-
ners, have been under a neceflity of tni-
dertaking the difficult tafk of altering
their old, or forming new conftitutions,
and of clianging their monarchical for
republicnn -nanners, Connecticut has
uninterruptedly proceeded in her old
track, both as jto government and man-
nerti ; aiKl, hv thefc means, has avoided
tholi? convtiirions which have rent odier
ftates into violent parties.
The prelent territory of Connefiicut,
at rht? time of tne firft arrival of the
Engltft), was pofidled by the Peqiiut,
tbe Mohegan, rodnnky and many other (
CON
fmaller tribat of Indians. In 1 774 tbcre
were of the defcendanta of the ancient
natives, only 1363 pcrfims ) the greater
part of whom lived at MohcMn> be-
tween Norwich and Ncw-Loudoh.
From the natural decrcafe of tUe Indi-
ans, it is imagined that their number in
this Rate do not now exceed 400.
The firft grant of Connefticut was
made by the Plymouth council to the
Earl of Warwick, in 1630. The year
following the Earl affiened this grant to
Lord Say and Seal, Lord Bi-ook, and
nine others. Some Indian traders fet-
tled at Windfor in 1633. The fame
year, a little before the arrival of the
EngliOi, a few Dutch traders fettled at
Hartford, and the remains of the fettle-
ment are ftill vifible on the bank of Con-
necticut river. .In 1634, Lord Say and
Seal, &c. fent over a fmall number of
men, who built a fort at Saybrook,
and made a treaty with the Pequot In-
dians for the lands on CpnneCticut R.
Mr. Haynes and Mr. Hooker left
Maflachuletts-bay in 1634, and fettled
at Hartford. The following year Mr.
Eaton and Mr. Davenport feated them-
felves at New-Haven.
In 1644, the Connecticut adventurerl
purchaTrJi of Mr. Fer Nick, agent for
Lord &ay and Seal, and LOrd Brook,
their right to the colony, for ^.1600.
Connecticut and New.Haven conti-
nued two diftinCt governments for many
years. At length, John Winthrop,
Efq. who had been chofen governor of
ConneCMcut, was employed to iblicit a
rcyal charter. In 1662, Charles II.
granted a charter, conftituting the two
colonies for ever one body corpoi-ate
and politic, by the name of ** The go-
vernor and company of Connecticut."
New-Haven took the aftair ill ; but in
1665, all difficulties were amicably ad-
jufted ; and as has been already obferv-
ed, this charter ftill continues to be the
bafis of their government.
Connecticut, the moft confider-
able river in the eaftern part of the Unit-
ed States, rifes in the highlands which
U-parate the itates ot Vermont and New-
Hampfliire t' om L< wer Canada. It has
been fui'veyed about 15 miles beyond
the 45th degree of latitude, to the head
i'pring of its nortium branch; from
which, to its mouth, is upwards ot 300
miles, through a thick fettled country }
luving upon its bonks a great number
of
CON
of tfic moft flourilhing and pleflftht
towna in the United State*. It ia fnrni
to to foe rods wide, 130 milea from ita
0Kmth; Its courfe between Vermont
and New.Hampfhire ia nnerally S. S.
W. aa lilcewife through Maflkchufetta,
and part of CoMncAicut, until it reache*
the city of Middle^ion { after which it
runt a S. S. £. courfe to its mouth.
The navigation of this beautifiil river,
which, like the Nile, fertilizM the lands
thro* which it runs, is much obfiruft-
ed by falls. Two of thefe are between
New-Hamp(hire and Vermont, the firfl
are called the Fifteen mile falls. Here
the river is rapid for ao miles. The fe-
cond remarkable tall is at Walpole, for-
merly called the Gi-eat Fall, but now
named Bellows* Falls. Above thefe, the
breadth of the river is in fome places, »3,
in other places not above 16 rods. The
depth of the channel is about 15 feetj
and commonly nms full of water. In
Sept. i79«, however, owine to the fe-
vere drought, the water of the river, it
is faid, '* pafled within thefpaceof 12
feet wide, and a| feet deep." A large
rock divides the flream into two chan-
nels, each about 90 feet wide. When
the river is low the eaftem channel is
dry, being crofTed by a folid rock ; and
the whole ft: sm falls into the weftem
channel, where it is contraffed to the
breadth of 16 feet, and flows with af-
tonilhing rapidity. There are fevt-ral
pitches, one above another, in the length
of half a mile ; the hrgeft of which is
that where the rock divides the (Iream.
A bridge of timber was projeAed over
this fall, by col. Hale, in the year 1784,
36$ feet long, and fupportcd in the
middle by the ifland rock. ; under which
the hi&;heft floods pais without injuring
it. This is the only bridge on the R.
but it is contemplated to ereft another
30 miles above, at the middle bar of
Agar Falls, where the paffage for the
water, between the rocks, is above ico
feet wide. This will connect the towns
of Lebanon in N. Hampfhire, and Hart-
ford in Vermont } as the former bridge
connects Walpole in N. Hampfliire,
with Rockingham in Vermont. Not-
withftanding the velocity of the cur-
rent at Bellows* Falls, above defcribed,
the falmon pais up the river, and are
taken many miles above; but the' (had
proceed no farther. On the fteep fides
of the ifland ro«k, at th^fl^l, hang fe.
CON Its
veral arm chairs, (etortd by a ooimttc.
poife; in thefe the fifhermen fit to catch
falmon with fifhing nets. In the courfipr;
of the river thronsh Maflachufetta, artQ
the falls at South-Hadly, around which».
lock and canals were completed in
1795, by an enterprifing compinyf in« .
corporated for that purpofe in i79a| hf^f
the Lcgiflatui-e of MafTachufetto. lu;
ConneAicut the river is obflnifted by
falls at Enfield ) to render which,navt«i
gable in boats, a company has been in*
corporated, and a fum of money raifed
by lottery, but nothins effeAuai is yet
done. The average defcent of this river
from Weathei'sfield in Vermont, 150
miles from its mouth, is two feet to a
mile, according to the barometical ob*
fervations of J. Winthrop, Efq. made in
1786. The rivera or breams which,
fall into ConneAicut R. are numerous)
fuch of them as trt worthy of notice
will be feen under thtir refpeflive names*
At its mouth is a bar of fand which
confiderably obftrufta the navigation}
it has 10 feet water on it at full tides,
and the fame depth toMiddletbn, from
which the bar is 36 miles diftant. Above
Middleton, there are fhoals which have
only 6 feet water at high tide; and here
the tide ebbs and flows but about 8
inches. Three milea above that city, the
river is contra£led to about 40 rods in
breadth, by two high mountains. On
almoft eveiy other part of the 1 iver the
banks are low, ana fpread into fine ex-
tenfive meadows. In 4he fpring floods,
which generally happen in May, thefe.
meadows are covered with water. At
Hartford, the water fometimes rifes ao
feet above the common furface of the
river, and' the water having no other
outlet but the above-mentioned ftrait,
it is fometimes i or 3 weeks before it
returns to its ufual bed. Thefe fiooda
add nothing to the depth of water on
the bar at the mouth of the river, as the
bar lies too far off in the found to be
affefted by them. This river is navi-
gable to Hartford city, upwards of 50
miles fi'om its mouth ; and the produce
of the country for 200 miles above it is
brought thither in boats. The boats
which are ufcd in this hufmefs aie flat-
bottomed, long and narrow, and of fo
light a make as to be portable in carts.
Before the conftru£lion of locks and
canaU on this river, they were taken out
, at three diflferent carrying places, all or
H a which
ti6
COO
which made 15 milei. It U eipc6lccl
that In • few years the obftruAiom will
be all removed. Sturgeon, fiilmont and
dmdt are caught in plenty in their Tea-
it. n, from the mouth of the river up-
wards, excepting fturgeon, which do
net aiccnd tne upper nlls) bcTidefl a
variety of fmall fin, fuch at pilie, carp,
perch, &^>
There is yet a ftrong expeAation of
opening a communication between this
nver and the Memmaclc, through Su*
gar R. which runs into tiie ConiwAicut
at Claremont in N. Hampshire, and the
Contoocook, which falls into the Mer-
rimack at Bofcawen.
From this river were employed in
1789, three brigs, of 180 tons each, in
the European trade ) and about 60 fail,
horn 60 to 1 5b tons, in the W. India
trade, beiides a few fifliermen, and 40
or 50 coafling vefTels. The number has
oonfiderably mcreaied flnce.
CONNBCTICUT, a ftream in Long
Ifland, N. York, which falls into a bay
at the S. fide of the ifland. It lies 1
miles to the fouthward of Rockonkama
pond.
Continental f^iUage, was (ituated
on North R. in New. York ftate. Be-
fcre its deflruaion by Sir Henry C! i-
ton, in 0€t. 1777, there were here bar-
racks for ft,ooo men.
C0NVSR8ATION Point, a head land
on the ' S. fide of a bay on the coaft of
California. N. lat. 3a. ^o.W.long. 119.
Conway, a townfhip in the province
of New-Bnmfwick, Sudbury co. on the
wefteni bank of St. John's R. It has
the bay of Fundy on the S. aixl at the.
weftemmoft point of the townfhip there
is a pretty good harbour called Muf-
quafh cove.
Conway, a townfhip in the N< E.
corner of StraiFord co. Ncw-Hampfliire,
on a bend in Saco river, incorporated,
in 1765, and contains 574 in^uibitants.
It was called Pigwacket by the Indians.
Conway, a thriving townfhip in
Hampfhii-e co. Maflachufetts, incorpo-
rated in 1767, and contains 2092 inha-
bit:mt8. Tt lies 13 miles N. W. of
Northampton, and 115 N. W. by W.
of Bofton.
CoNYA, a riverin Suiinam, or Dutch
Guiana, S. America.
'700L00ME, an Indian town fituated
on the W. fide of Talapoofe JR. a
iManch of the JMobile.
COO
C00ic*t Jt. in the N. W. tfnff of H.
America, lies N. W. of PrineeWilliam*t
(bund, and 1000 miles N. W. dFNoot.
ka found. N. lat. 59. )o. W. long.
153. ts. and promifet to vie with the
moft cenfidcranle ones already known;
It was traced by Capt. Cook for *i*
miles from the mouth, aa hirii u N.
lat. 61. 30. and fo far aa is difcovered,
opens a very confiderable in||ind navi^
gation by its various branches. The in-
habitants feemed to be of the fame race
with thofe of Prince William found {
and like them had glafs beads and
knives, and were alto clothnl in fine
furs.
C00KHOV8B, on the Cooquago
branch of Delaware R . is fituated in the
town/hip of Colcliefter, New. York, 18
miles S. of the mouth of Unadilla river.
Cooper's Iflatid, one of the lefTcr
Virgin Ifles in the Weft-Indies, (ituated
S. W. of Ginge)- Ifland, and uninhabit-
ed. It is 5 miles long, and i broad. N.
lat. 18. 5. W. long. 6x. 57.
Cooper, a large and navigable river
which mingles its waters with Afhiey
R. below Charlefton city in S. Carolina.
Thefe form a fpacious and convenient
harbour, which communicates with the
ocean, juft below Sullivan's Ifland,
which it leaves on the N. 7 miles S. E.
of the city. In thefe rivers the tide rifes
6| feet. Cooper R. is a mHe wide at
the ferry, 9 miles above Cbarleftown.
Cooper's Towk, a poU town and
townfhip, in Otfego co. New- York, and
is the compaA part of the townfhip of
Otfego,. and the chief town of the coun-
try round Lake Otfego. It is uleafant-
ly fituated at the S. W. end ofihelake,
onitsbanks, and thofe of its outlet: it
miles N. W. of Cherry Valley, and 75
W. of Albany. Here are a court-hoiiCe,
gaol, and academy. In 1791, it con-
tained 191 inhabitants. In 1789, it
had but 3 houfe)> only ) and in the fpring
1795* 5° honfes had been ereAed, of
which above a fourth part were refpefi-
able « ftory dwelling houfes, with every
proportionable improvement, on a plan
regularly laid, out in fquares. N. lat.
4.1. 44.. W. long. 74. 48.
Cooper's Town, Pennfylvania, is
fituated on the Sufquehannah river.
This phce» in 178 s, was a wildeniefs.
Nine years after, it contained tSoo in-
habitants— a large and bandfimie church,
with, a fteqpl»-^ market houfe and a
hetteriof
c oo
iKtleriag houfiM-a libnurf of tM« ¥0.
hiniM, and an academy of 64. fcbolan.
Four hundred and Aventy pipes were
laid under groond< for tiie purpofe of
bringing water from Weft Mountain,
and condu6ling it to every houfe in
town.
Coop'e TtWHt in Harford co. Mary-
landt Ii(B« tt miles N. W. of HarfonI,
and t% N. f afterlv of Baltimore } mea>
Turing in a ftrait line.
Coos, or Ctbes, the country called
Upptr and Lower Cttti lies on Con-
neaicut R. between so and 40 miles
above Dartmouth college. Upper Coos
is the country S. of Upper Amonoofuck
R. on John and Ifrael rivers. Lower
Coos lies below the towti of Haverhill,
S. of the J^ower ..\monoofuck. The
diftance from Upyer Coos, to the tide
in Kennebeck R. was meafuixd in 1793,
and was found to be but 90 milesr
C00SADE8, an Indian town on Ala-
bama R, about 60 miles above its
mouth, on Mobile R. ; below Mc.
Gillivray's town, and oppofite the
mouth of the Oakfuflcee.
Coosa Hatchbb, or Coo/anu, a river
of S. Carolina, which rifes in Orange-
bi!Fg diftri^, and running a S. S. w.
courfe, empties into Broad R. and
Whale Branch, which feparate Beau-
fort idand from the main land.
Coosa, or Cpofa Hatcba, a river
which rifes In the high lands of the Che-
rokees' country, and joining Tallipoofe,
forms Alabama R. Its cpune is gene-
rally S. running through the country of
the Natchez, and other tribes of the
Upper Creeks, the rougheft and moft
broken of the whole nation. It is ra-
id, and fill! of rocks and flioals, hard-
y navigable for canoes.
CoosAWATCHiti, or Coofabatck'e, a
[»oft town in Beaufort diftrift, S. Caro-
lina, fituated oh the S.W. fide of Coofa
R. oyer which a bridge has beeij lately
ereaed. It is a flourifliing place having
about 40 houfes, a court- hoiifc and
gapJ. The courts formerly held at
Beaufort, are held here. It is 33 miles
from Beaufort, and 77 W, S. W. of
Charlefton.
COOTSTOWN, in Berks CO. Pennfyl-
vania, is fituated on a branch of Sau-
hoca creeic, ^ branch of the Schuylkill
R. It contains 40 houfes, and a Ger-
man Lutheran and Calvinift church
united. It is 17 miles N. N. E. of
C O Q^ 117
Readliit, tnd 73 N. W. by N. of Phi-
ladelphia.
Com Ar o, an open town in tht bUhoob
rick of St. JagOfior Chili Proper, in 8.
America, fiiniouB for ita mines of iron,
braA, tin, and lead t which, however,
are not worked. The gold mines have
drawn about 900 people here. There
are altb great quantities of load-ftone*
and lapis-latuli,i4or 1 5 leagues diftant}
where there are' alfo feveral lead mines.
On the high mountains of the Cordillera,
40 leagues E. S. E. from tht port, are
mines of the fineft fulphur, nut needing
to be cleanfed, and which fells for 3
pieces of eight a qiiintal, at the port,
from whence it is carried to Lima.
Frcfli-water is very fcarce. Salt-petre
is found in the vale an inch thick on
the ground. Between this and Coquim-
bo is no town or village, only 3 or 4
farms. Lat, 15. lo.S.long. 75. 14. W.
Covp E R Ml N E , a large river of New-
Britain, reckoned to be the moft north-
ern in North- America. Taking a north-
erly courfe it falls into the fea in lat.
7*. N. and about 1 19. W. long, from
Greenwich. The accounts brought by
the Indians of this riVer to the Briti/h
ports in Hudfon bay, and the fpecimens
of copper produced by them, induced
Mr. Hearne to fet out from Fort Prince
of Wales in Dec. 1770^ on a journey of
difcovery. He reached the river on the
14th July, at 40 miles diftance fmrn the
fea, and found it all the way incumbered
with flioals and falls, and emptying itfelf
into it over a diy fliU of the fliore, the
tide being then out, which feemed by
the edges of the ice to rife about 1 2 or
14 fett. This rife, on account of the
falls, will carry it but a very fmall way
within the river's mouth ; fo that the
water in it has not the leaft brackifii
tafte. Mr. Hearse had the moft exten-
five view of the fea, which bore N. W.
by W. an<l N. E. j when he was about 8
miles up the river. The fea at the river's
mouth, was full of iflands and flioals ;
but the ice was only thawed away
about three-fourths of a mile from the
fliore, on the 17th of July. The Ef-
quimajix had a quantity of whale-bone
and leal flcins at their tents on the fliore.
Gp<^uiMBO, a town of St. Jago, or
Chili Proper, in S. America, fituated at
.the lower end of the vale, bearing the
fame name. On a gently rifing ground.
The river of Coquimbo gitres name to
H 3 the
Ill
con
^-Ifce igTMfblt TiUcy through which ft
ratlt to the fet} ind the biqr at iti
month ia » very im onc» wbm Ihipt
Ik fkfcly find commodioafly, fhough
die eotft it roclcy, feme iflcnds l)ring to
•• to keep off the mndi. The town ii
properly called La Stmat from the
•greeableneft of the climate i being
jKmtinuelly ferene and pleafant. The
l^rect* are well laid ov*t and there are
«or 6 convents} but the houfet are not
sindrome. The foil ii fruitful in com,
wine, and oil, and the brooks bring
down quantities of gold duft afti r heavy
rains. Here are no gold mines, but
of copper} one of which, 5
nienty
jeacues
leagues N. from the city on Motmt
Cerro Verdr, or Green Hill, is high, and
ihaped like a Aigar loaf} fo thai it may
ferve as a land mark to the port. It
Jits i<o miles N. of St. Jago, and jiift.
]y boafts of one of the fined fituations
in the world } but the arbitrary govern-
ment of Spain renders it a place of little
importance.
Co a At Rmer, in New Mexico, runs a
courCe W. by S. and empties into the
head of the gulf of California, clofe by
the mouth ot Collerudo river.
Coram, a poft town in Suflfblk co.
Lone I. New. York. It has about 60
houies, and lies 6s miles eaftward of
New* York city, and 10 from Smith*
town.
CoKC A9, or Grand Corcas, an ifland
almoft in the form of a crefcent, N. ot
St. Domingo, in the windward paflage,
about 7 If agues W. of Turk's I. and
about 10 E. of Little Inagua, or Hcnea-
gua. N. lat. ai. 55. W. long. 70. 55.
Cordillera. See Andes.
Cordova, De la nueva Anda-
ttJSiA, a city of Peru, in S. America,
inthejurifdiaionof Charcas, 80 leagues
S. of Santiago dd EHero. Here is the
Epifcopal church of Tucuman, with
ftme monaderifs, nnd a convent. It is
fruitful in gi^in, honey, wax, fruits,
cotton, ami fugnr. It abounds with falt-
uits, ami has luxuriantnafturesfor mules.
It drives a great trade with Buenos
Ayrcs. The inhahitants are Spaniaixls,
who are farmers, and manufacturers of
cotton cloth, which they fend to Potoii.
S. lat. 31 30. W. long. 63. 30. In Cor-
dova, in the Tucuman, there has been
found the greateft inftance of longevity
fince the days of the patriarchs. From
iiidilputuble evidence^ a negrefsj named
COR
Leaiik Tram* «m aUvt in 1774, 1^
tm himdrtd tmdJInMuiy'pvtj^arit
Co«« SsMN^, on fkecoaft «f North.
Cafolina, lies 8. of» and commmicMts
with, Pamlirs.
CoRiiNTKi, a cawr of Mexico, or
New-Spain, on th« N. Pacific ocean.
N. lat. at. W. kmg. 109. 30. Alfu,
the name of the S. wcftcmmott point of
the ifland of Cuba^
CoRiiNTBS, Lot, a fmall city with'
in the government of Buenos Ayrci, in
S. America, was built by the Spaniards
on the confluence of the Parana and Par-
aguay, 80 leagues higher than Santa
Fe, on the Rio de Plata.
Corinth, a townfhip in Orange co.
Vermont, W. of Biadlord, containuig
57S inhabitants.
Cork Bay^ on the E. fide of New.
foimdland Ifland.
Cornish, atownftiip inChefliire co.
New-Hamplhire, on the E. bonk of
Connefkicut R. Between Claretnont and ,
Plainfield, about 1 5 miles N. of Charlef.
town, and 16 S. ot Dartmouth College.
It was incorporated in 1763. In 1775,
it contained 309, and in 1790—981 in-
habitants.
Cornwall, a townihip in Addifon
CO. Vermont, E. of Bridpurt, on Lake
Champlain, containing 8x6 inhabitants.
Cornwall, New, a townfliip in
Orange co. New- York, of whofe inha.
bitants, 350 are rle£lors.
Cornwall, a townfliip in Litchfield
CO. conne^icut, about 9 miles N. < '
Litchfield, 11 S. of Salifbury, and about
40 W. by N. of Hartford city.
Corn-wall, a (mail town in Upper
Canada, on the bank of Iroquois R.
near Lake St Francis, between Kinglion
and Quebec, containing a fmall churcli,
and about 30 01- 40 houfes.
CoRNWALLis, a town in King's co.
in the province of New-Brunfwick, fitu-
ated on the S. V/. fide of th» Bafin of
Minas ; iS miles N. W. of Fai>uouth,
and 55 N. W. of Annapolis.
Alfo a river in the iiime province,
navigable for veflc:ls of 1 00 tons 5 milts )
for veiTels of 50 tons 10 miles.
CoRO, a town of S. America, in
Terra Firma, at the bottom uf the gulf
of Venezuela, 60 miles W. of La Gua-
ira. N. lat. 11. W. long. 70.
COROPA, a province of S. America,
fituated between the river Amazon and
the lake Parime.
CORTLANDT,
CORTLANDT)
COT
CotTLAliOT, ■ tswnAilp hi Iht
northern part of tht county «f Wdl
ChfAcr.oQilMZ. bMik of Hudlbn river,
Ncw-York» contMning 193* inhibit-
nnti, ot whom 6< a'^« flavci. Of iit
jnhabitantt, in 1796, 105 were cicftori.
CoiTA Rica, or rhe Rich Ctaft^ at
ifa name fignific^, ia To called from its
rich mineit of gold and rilvrrt-thofeof
Tinfigal being prtferred by the Spa-
niard* to the minci of Potofi ( but in
other rcfpcfti, it is mountainov. and
barren. It it iituated in the audience
of Guatimala, in New Spain, bounded
by the piovlnceof Vcragua on the 8. E.
and that of Nicaragua on the N. E. It
reaches from the N. to the S. fea, about
90 leagues from E. to W. and is 50
where oroadrft, from N. to S. It hat
much the fame productions at its neigh-
bouring province! } and in fome places
the foil it good, and it produces cocoa.
On the N. fea it hat two convenient
bays, the moft wefierly called St. Je-
rom's, and that near the frontiers of
Veragua, called Caribaco } and on the
8. fea it ha* fcveral bays, capes, and
convenient places for anchocage. Chief
town Nycoya,
CoTABAMBO, ajurifdi£VioninPeru,
S. America, fubje^l to the bifliop of
Cufco,'and lies 10 leag\iet S. W. of that
city. It abounds in grain, fruits, and
cattle. Its rich mines arc now almoll
exhauiled.
Coteaux,Les, a town on the road
from Tiburon to Port Sahit, on tlie S,
Jlde of the S. peninAila of the ifland of
St. Domingo, ii\ ieagties E. by S. of
the former, and 4 N. W. of the latter.
N. lat. iX. 13.
CoTOFAXi, aIarge»olcano near La-
taacungo, an afljento or dependence on
the province t>f Qi^iito iuPeni, S. Ame-
rica. It lies neai ly under the line, yet
the tops of it are generally covered with
ice and fnow. It firft Aewed itfclf in
»551» when Scbaftian deBelacazar firft
entered thefe cnuurits, which eruption
proved favourable to hisenterpriie, as it
coincided with a prediftionof the Indian
pricfh, that the countryfliould be invada!
on the burfting of this volcano j and ac-
cordingly it fo happened; for before
1 5 59 he had iubdu«i all the country.
CoTUY, a canton and town in the
Spanilh part of the ifland of St. Do-
n>ingo, hounded E. by the bay of Sama-
aa, N. by the chain of mountains called
con ti9
Monte-Chrift, W. by tha toritery d'
la V^, and 8. by the cbain of iiMmn-
tains called S^vlc:*. Ia 1(05, iIh goM
minca were worked hcrt. In the imun.
tain of McYinont whenco comes the. ri«
ver of the tame name, thcr; ia • copper
mine, fo rlcb, that when refilled will
pixxluce t per cent, of foUi* Here are
alfo found excellent* lapit-laatdi, a
ftrcaked chalk, that fiime painters prc«
fer to bole for gildings loadftone, e^
merahls, and iron. The iron is of the'
heft quality, and migrht' be conveyetl
from the cusin of Sevico bv meani of
the river Yuna. The foil nere is ex-
cellent, and the plantanes prwtucod here
are of fuch fuperior quality, that this
manna of the Antilles it called at St*
Domingo Sunday plantanet. The pen.
pie eultiyate tobacco, but are chiefly
employed in breeding fwiite. The in«
habitants are called cTownifii, and of an
unfociable charaflcr.
The town is iituated half a league from
the S. W. bank of the Yuna, which be*
comes unnavigable near this ;>lack, a-
bout 1 3 leagaes from its mouth in t|ie
bay of Samana. It contains 160 icat-
tered houfct, in the middle of a little
favanna, and furrounded with woods,
30 leagues northerly of St. Domingo,
and 15. 8. E. of St. Ya^o. N. latM9.
II. W. long, from Paris 7a. »?. • " ■
CovDRAs, a fmall ifland in St. Law-
rence river, about 45 miles N. £. of
Quebec.
Country Harbour, focal!«l, is a-
bout ao leagues to the eaftward of Ha-
lifax, in Nova- Scotia.
CoupEK, or Cut Poiat, a (hort turre
in the river MifTifippi, about 35 miles
above Mantchac fort, at the gut of Ib-
herville, ind z ^9 from the mouth of the
river. Charlevoix relates that the river
formerly made a great turn here, and
fvMue Canadinns, by deepening the chan-
nel of a Irnall hrcok, diverted the waters
of the river into it, in the year 1771.
The impetuofity of the ftream was fuch,
and the Ibil of lb rich and loofe a qua-
lity, that n a fljort time the point was
entirely cut through, and the old chan-
nel left dry, except in inundations: by
which travellers fave 14 leagues of their
voyage. The new channel has been
founded with a line of 30 fathoms, with-
out finding bottom.
The Spanifh fettlemenis of Point
Coupe^, extend ao mile; on the W. fide
H4. of
lae
COW
«f tbeMifnfippi) and there are feme
Slntotionit back, on the fide of LaFanfe
livierr, through which the Mififippi
pafled about 70 yrars ago. Tl. tort
at Point Coupee is a fquare figure, with
four baAiont, buii*: with ftockaiiet.
There were, Tome years fince, about
sooo white inhabitants and 7000 flaves.
They cultivate Indian corn, tobaeco,
and indigo ) raifi: vaft quantities of
poultry, which they fend to New-Qr-
leans. They alfo fend. to tjiat city
I'qiiaced timber, ftaves, &;c.
Coventry, a townfhip in Tolland
CO. ConneAicut, 10 miles £. of Hart-
furd city. It was fettled in 1 709, being
purcbaied by a number of Hartford gen-
tlemen of one Jofliua, an Indian,
CovGNTRY, in Kbode-Ifland ftate,
is the N. eaftemmoft tuwnfhip in Kent
CO. It contains 24.77 inhabitants.
CovEHTRY, a townfliipin the north-
ern part of New-Hamp(hire, in Grafton
CO. It was incorporated in 1764, and
contains 80 inhabitants.
CoviiNTRY, a townfliip in Orleans
col Vermont. It lies in the N < part of
the ftate, at ti e S. end 0^ Lake Mem-
phremagog. Blacl( R. pafles through
this town m in courfe to Memphrema-
Coventry, a townfliip in Ch<;fter
CO. Pennfyivania.
CoMV^, is the capital town of the
Cherokee Indians, fituated on the foot
of the hills, on both fides of the river
Tehneflec. Here terminates the great
vale of Cowe exhibiting one of the
moll charming, natural, mountainous
landfcapes that can be feen. The vale
'is clofed at Cowe by a ridge of high
hills, called the Jore mountains . 1 he
town contains about 100 habitations,
In the conftitution of the ftate of
Tenneitee, Cowe is defcribed as near
the line which feparates Tenneflee from
Virginia, and \^ divided from Old Cho-
ta, another Indian town, by that part
of .ne Great Iron or Smoaky mountain,
called Unicoi, or Unaca mountain.
CowETAS, or Kmuetas. a town of
the Lower Creeks, in£aft-Florida,call.
cd the Bloody town. [See Apalachico-
la-tovau'] It lies on the V.\ hank, of
Cbita-Uche R. and contains 280 men.
Cow AND Calk Pasture Risers,
art' liead branches of Rivanna river, jn
Virginia. I
Cows Ifituid. See Facbt. 1
CH A
CowTENS, a place fo called, in S,
Carolina, between PacoUt river and the
head branch of Broad river. This i^
the fpot where Gen. MoTg^^i gained i|
complete viftor) over lieut. coH Tarle-
ton, Jan. 11, i7Sf,havingo|ily lamen
killed and (o wou()ded, The Britifh
had 39 commifliqned oflicers killed^
wounded and taken prifopers } 100 rank
and filt; killed, »90 wounded, and 500
prifdners. They left behind % pieces
of artillery, 2 ftandards, 800 muflcets,
35 l^aggasre waggons, and 100 dragoou
horfes, which f;:ll into the hands of the
Americans. Tlie field oiF battle viras m
an open wood.
CoxHAifL, a townfliip in York co,
diftri£l of Maine, containing 775 inha-
bitants.
CoxsAKiB, a townfliip in the weft.
em part of Albany co. New. York, con-
tuing 3406 inhabitants, of whom 302
ar^ flaves. Of the citizens 613 are
ele6lor«i.
CoYAU, a fcttlemei.; ^n Tenneflee
river, 30 miles below Knoxville.
Crab-Orcharp, a poft town, on
Dick's river, in Kentucky, 8 miles from
Cumberland river, and 25 miles S. E.
of Danville. The road to Virginia
pafl'cs through this place.
Cranberry, a thriving town in
Middleftx, co. ^ew-Jerfey, 9 miles £.
of Princeton, and i6 S. S. W. of Bnmf-
wick. It contains a handfome Prefby-
terian church, and a variety of manu-
fafturits arc carried on by its induftrioua
inhabitants. The ftagcfromNew-York
to Philadelphia pafTes through Amboy,
this town, and thence to Bordentown.
Cranberry Iflandsy on the coaft of
the diftri6\ of Mame. See Mount De-
fer t Ifland.
Craney, a fmall ifland, on the S.
fideof Jame> river, in Virginia, at the
mouth of Elizabeth river, and 5 miles
S. W, of Fort George, on Point Com-
fort. It commands the entrancCtof
both rivers,
Cranston, is the fouth-eaflernmoft
townfliip of Providence CO. Rhode- Ifl-
and, fituated on the W. bank of Provi-
dence R. 5 miles S. of the town of Pro-
vidence. The compad part of the
town contains 50 or 60 houfes, a Bap-
tift meeting- houfe, handfome fchool-
houfc, a dinillery, and a number of &w
and grilf mills, and is called Pawtuxet*
from the river, on both fides of whofe
mouth
fsouth it ttandt, Mid over which is a I
bridge, connefting the two parts of the
town. It makes a pretty aj^pearance
as you pafs it on the river. 1 he whole
townfliip contains 1877 inhabitants.
Craven Co. in Newbern diftrift, N.
Carolina, is bounded N. by Pitt, and
S. by Carteret and Onflow counties.
Its chief town is Newbern. It contains
10,4.69 inhabitants, of whom 3658 are
Slaves.
Cree Indians, The, inhabit weft
of little lake Winnipeg, around fort
Dauphin, in Upper Canada.
Creger's foivHt in Frederick co.
Marylajid, lies on the W. fide of Mono-
cocy R. between Swing's and Hunting
creeks, which fall into chat river; 9
Yniks foutherly of Ermmtiburg, near
the Peciifylvania line, and about 11
northerly of Fredericktown.
Creek$, an Indian nation already
dei'cribed under the nani^ of Mujko^ulgt
or Mujkogeet in addition to which is the
following particulars from th^ M. S.
journal of an intelligent traveller. Coo-
fa river, and its main branches, form
the Wettern line of fettleroents or vil-
lages of the Creeks, but their hunting
gr.-'Unds extend zoo miles beyond, to
the Tpmbigbee, which is the dividing
line between their country and .lat of the
Chaftaws. The fm:illeit of their towns
have from ao to 30 horfes in them, and
fome of them contain from 1 50 to xoo,
that are wholly compafl. The houfes
thnd in dufters of 4, 5, 6-, 7, and 8 to-
gether, irregularly dillributed , up and
down the banks or the rivers or fmall
Ikeains. £ach clufter of houfes con-
tain a clan, or family of relations, who
eat and live in common. Each town
has a public i'quare, hot-houfe and yard
near the centre of it, appropriated to
various publicufes. The following are
the names of the principal towns cf the
Upper and Lower Creeks, that have
public fquares ; beginning at the heail
of the Coofa o;- Coola Hatcha river, viz.
Upper Utalas, Abbacoochees, Natchez,
Coofas, Oteetoo(heenas, Pine Catchas,
Pocuntullahafes, Weeokes, Little Tal-
lafTie, Tulkeegees, Cooi'adas, AlaLamas,
Tawal'as, Pawa6tas, Autobas, Auhoba,
Wcelumpkces Big, Wceiumpkees Lit-
tle, Wacacoys.WacItfoy, Ochees. The
following towns are in the central, in-
land and high country, between theCoo-
^ and Tailapoofee riTcrs» in the dif.
C R E
Iff
trift called the Hillabeei,.v!s. HiUa*
bees, Killeegko, Oakchoys, biakaguU
gas, and Wacacoys. On the waters of
the Tallapoofee, from the bead of *h«
river downward, the following!:, Vif*
Tuckabatcltee,Tchafla,Totacaga«Ncw*
York, Chalaacpaulley, Logulpogus,
Oakfufkce, U&la Litte, U ala Big, iso-
galmtches, T'uckaba:ehee8,Big Tallaf*
fee, M' half way houfe, Clewileys, Coolie
hatches, Coplaniies, Shawaneie, or Sa..
vanas,Kenhulka,andMuckelcies. i he
towns of the Lower Creeks, beginning
on the head waters of the Chattahuoiee,
and fo or. du.vnwards are Chelu Ninnyi
Chattahoolee, Hi-htatQga, Cowctas,
Cuflitahs, Chalagatl'caor, Broken Ar.
row, Euchees feveiaL, Hitchattes ieveral*
Palachuolo, Chewackala. Befides ao
towns and villages of the Little atld Big
Chehaus, low down on Flint and Chat*
tahoofee rivers. From t'leir roving aifid
unfteady manner of living, it is iinpofli*
ble to detcrmme, with nnich precifion^
t)ie number of Indians that compyie the
Creek nation. Gen. M'GiUivrfy efti-
mates the number of gun-men io be be-
tween 5 a.nd 6000, exc ufwe of the Se«
minoles*, who are of little or no account
in war, except as fmali parties of marau»
ders, ailing independent of (he gener4
intercft ot the others. The whole num-
ber of individuals may be about *5 or
s6,ooo fouls. Every town and village
has one eilablifhcd v 'ate trader in it,
and generally a family of whites, who
have fled from fome pai't ot the fron-
tiers. They often to have leven.e,
and .to obtain plunder that may be ta-
ken, ufe their influence to fend out pre-
datory parties againif the ftttlements in
their vicinity. The Creeks are veiy
badly armed \ having few rifles, and
are modly arm.'u with mufkets. For
near 4-0 years palf, the Creek Imiianf
have had little intercourfe with any other
foreigners, but thofe ot the Englifh
nation. Their prejudice in fav ur of
every thing Engliih, has been carefully
kept alive by lorics and others to this
day. Moft of their towns have now in
their pofTcflion Britidi drums with the
arms of the nation, and other emblems
painted on them, an.l fome of their
fquaws prcl'erve the remnants of Britidi
flags, rhey ftill believe that << The
Great King over the water" is able to
keep the whole worla in fubjc^lioe.
The land of the country it t common
llocic}
ftft
C It o
Aaefc I ami «ny indmdaal may wmove
§romw» part ^ it to another, and oc-
tmfij vaeant grou>, < where he can find
^. The eountry is naturally divided
into 3 diftriAs, viz. the Upper Creeks,
Lower and middle Creeks, and Semi-
noles. The upper diftrifl includes all
the waters of the Tallapooliee) Coolk-
hntchee, and Alabama rivers, and is call-
ed the Abbacoes. The Lower or Mid-
die diRrifl includes all the waters of the
Chat{ahoo(ee and flint rivers, down to
their jun6lion, and although occupied
by a great number of different trioes,
the whole are called Cowetaulgas, or
Coweta peopi(;, from the Cowetan town
and tribe, the mod warlike and ancient
of any in the whole nation. The Low>
. rr or Southern diftrift, takes in tlie ri-
ver Appaiacliicola, and extends to the
° point of Eaft-Florida, amd is called tlie
ctnintry of the Seminoles. Agriculture
is as far advanced with the Indians, as
it can weil be, withotit the proper ini-
fJenMnts of huflbandry. A very large
majority of the nation being devoted to
li«mting in the vwnter, and to war or
idlenefs in furamcr, cultivate but fmall
parcels of ground, bai^ely fufficient for
ftibfiftence. But many individuals, (|>ar-
ticnlariy on Flint river, among the Che-
haws, who poflefs numbers of negroes)
Itave fenced fit-Ids, tolerably well culti-
vated I having no ploughs, thev break
tip the ground wirb hoes, and fcatter
the feed promircuouHy over the grountt,
. in bills, but not in rows. They raifr
korfes, cattle, tbwi», and hogs. The
«dy articles they manutuibire are earth-
en pots and pans, bnlkets, borfe-ropes
or halters, fmoakcd leather, black mar-
ble pipeS| wooden (poons, and oil from
acorns, hickory nuis, and chelnuts.
CltEKKS, confaierated nations of In-
dians. See Mufrogulge.
Ce E E K s Crojitig Place, on Tenne/Tee
river, is about 40 miles E. S. £. of the
month of Elk R. at the Mufcle flioals,
and 36 S. W. of Nickajack, in the
Georgia weftern territory.
Croix, St. a fmall navigable river
in Nova-Scotia, which runs into the
Avon, or Plgiguit. See Avon,
Croix, St. a river which forms part
•of the boundary line between the Uni-
ted S^atcH and the Bririfh province of
New-BrunlWirk, and empties into Pal'
liimafluoddy bay. Which is the tn«e
St. Croix is otidetermuied. Cumniif-
C R 6
(loners are appointed by both cotintnes,
in conformity to the late treaty, to de-
cide this }H)in't.
Croix, St. a river in the N. W,
terrliory, which empties into the NliffiJ
fippi from the N. N. £. about 50 miles
belovK the falls of St. Anthony.
Croix, St. or Santa Cruz, an ifland
in the Wed-Indies, belonging to the
king of OenmaiK, lying about 5
leagues S. E. of St Thomas, and as iar
E. by S. of Crab ifland, which lie<! on
the E. er.d of Porto Rico. It is about
30 miles in length, and 8 where it is
breaded, and is rather unhealthy. It
is faid to produce 30,000 or 4.0,000
hhds. of fngar annually, and other W.
India commodities in tolei'able plenty.
It is in a high ftate of cultivation, and
has about 3000 white inhabitants, .tnd
30,000 flaves. A great proportion of
the negroes of this ifland have embraced
chriftianity, under the Moravian mif-
lionaries, whole influence has been
greatly promotive of the profperity of
this ilbnd. N. lat. 17. 50. W. )ong.
64. 30. See Danijb tVtft-ltuHes,
Crooked IJland, one of the Baha-
ma or Lucayo iflands, in the W. Indies.
The middle of the ifland lies in N. lat.
23. W. long. 73. 30.
Crooked Lake, in the Geneflee
country, communicates in an E. by N.
dirc6lion with Seneca lake.
Crooked Lake, one of the chain of
fmall lakes which connedls the lake of
the Woods with lake Superior, on the
boundai-y line between the U. ^ttites
and Upper Canada, remarkable for its
rugged clifl^s, in the cracks of which
are a number of arrows fticking.
Crooked R. in Camden co. Geor-
gia, empties into the fea oppofite Cum-
brr'and ifland, i» or 14 miles N. from
the mouth of St. Mary's. Its banks nre
weil timbered, and its courlit is £. by N.
Cross Cape., in Upper Canada, pro-
jefts fiom the N. E. hde of St. Mary's
river, at the outlet of lake Su|)erior,'op-
fite the falls, in N. lat. 46. 30. W.,
long 84. so*
Cross-Creek, a townlhip in Wafh-
•rgton county, Ptnnfylvania.
Cross Creeks, See Fayttteville, '.
Cross-Koads, the name of a place
in North- Carolina, near Duplin court-
houiie, 13 miles from Sainplbn court-
houle, and S3 from South- Wafliingtun.
Cross-Roads, avillagelnKent CO.
Marylandi
byN.
C R O
Maryland, iituated * mtlct 8. of George-
tamt, on Saflkfru R. and U tbot named
from 4 ntads which meet and croft each
other in the village.
Cuost-ROADt, a village in Chefter
CO. Pennfylvania, where < c^ffesent
roadt meet. It is %7 miles £. £. of
Lancafter} u N. by W. of Elkton, in
Maryland,. and about i8 W. N. W. of
Wilmington in Delaware.
Crosswicks, a village in Barling-
ton CO. New Jerfey j through which the
line of ftages pafles from New- York to
Philadelphia. It has a rerpe6lable Qjia-
ker meeting houfe; 4. miles S. W. of
Alien Town, 8 S. £. of Trenton, and
14 S. W. of Biulington.
Groton R. a N. eaftem water of
Hudfon R. rifes in the town of New-
Fairfield, in Conne6):icut, and running
through Dutchefs co. empties into Tap-
^ in bay. Croton bridge is tltrown over
tliis river 3 miles from its mouth, on
the great road to Albany. This is a
folid fubftantial bridge, 1400 feet long;
the ro^ narrow, piercing thraugh a
(late hill. It is fupported by 16 ftone
Eillars. Here is an admirable view of
Iroton Falls, where the water precipi-
tates itfelf between 60 and 70 fieet uer-
pendicular ; high flate banks, in iome
places 1 00 feet; the river fpreadiug into
three ftreams, as it enters the Hucfibn.
CfLOW Creek, falU into the Tenneflee,
from the N. W. oppolite the Crow
Town, 1 5 miles below Nickajack Town.
CRO.virs MeadoviSt a river iuthe N.
W. territory, which runs N. weft ward
into Illinois R. oppofite to which are
fine meadows. Its mouth is 20 yards
wide, and 240 miles from the Miinfip-
pi. It is navigable between 15 and 18
miles.
Crown Pnnt, is the moft foutherly
townftiip in Clinton co. New- York, ib
called from the celebrated fortrefs,
which is in it, and which was ganiibn-
ed by Britifh troops, from the time of
its redu£lion by ^en. Amhertt in 1759,
till the late revofution. It was taken
by the Americans the 14th of May 1775,
and retaken by the Britifl) the year atter.
The point upon which it was ere£led,
by the French in 1731, extends N. into
lake Champlain. It was called Krujn
PuHt, or Scalp Point by the Dutch,
and by the French, Pointe a la CbevC'
lure. The tbrtrefs they -naineu Foit
6t. Frederick. After it was repaired
C R U Mj
by the Britiih» it was the moft fq;alar
and expcnfiveof any oonftruAed by them
in America. The walls are of wood
and earth, about 16 itet high and about
ao feet thick, nearly 1 50 yards iqaare»
and furrounded by a deep and oroad
ditrh, dug out of the folid roek. The
only gate opened on the N. toward*
the lake, where was a draw-bride amd
a covert-way, to lecure a communicif"
tion with the waters of the Lake, in cafe
of a fiege. On the right andJeft^ as
you enter the fort, is a row of ftone
barracks, not inelegantly built, which
are capable of containing soi^o troop*.
There were formerly feveral out-works,
which are now in rnins, as. is indeed
the cafe with the principal fort, except
the walls of the barracks. The famous -
fortification called I'iconderoga is 15
miles S. of this ; but that fortrefs isalfo
fo much demuliflisd, that -a ftranger
would fcarcely form an idea of its ori-
ginal confuudion. The town of Crown
Point has no rivers; a few ftreams,
however, iflue from the mountains,
which Kiifwer for mills and commoii
ufes. In the mountains, which «xtend
the whole length of hke George^ and
part of the length of Lak«: Champlain,
are plenty of moofe, .deer, and aimoft
all the other inhabitants of the foreft.
In 1790, the town contained 207 inha-
bitants. By the ftate cenfns of 1796,
it appears there arc 116 cle£lors. The
furtrefs lies inN. lat. 44. ao. W. long.
73. 36.
CROYnEN, a towndiip in Chediire
CO. New- HampHiire, adjoining CorniHi,
and about 18 miles N^ £. of Charief-
town. It was incorporated in 1763.
In 1775, It contained 14.3, and in 1790,
537 inhabitants.
Cruces, a town of Terra Firma, S.
America, 5 leagues tiom Panama, and
fttuated on Chagre rive .
Cruz, Santa, a confiderable town
on the N. coalt of the illand oi Cuba,
about 30 miles £. by N. ot the Havan-
nah, and 1 1 5 N. W. by N. of Cadia.—
Alio the chiet town of Cuzumel illand.
Cruz, Santa, a town of Mexico,
or New Spain, aboiit 75 miles N. by E.
of St. Saivadore, on the Pacific ocean.
It is fituatect on the gulf of Dulre,
which communicates with the fea of
Honduras.
Ckuz, Santa, Db la Sierra, a.
government and generalihip, a!fo a ju-
rildi^tion*.
ts4 CUB
riiatAiofi and Bifliopriclc, under the
bilho)) of Charcas, 90 leagues E. of
Plata, in Peru.
Cruz, Santa, an ifland in the W,
Indiea. See St Croix.
Cuba, i« the moft valuable'ifland of
all tha Spnifli Weft Indies, and is fita*
att^ between so. and 13. 30. N. lat.
and between 74r and 85. 1 5. W. long« ;
100 miles S> of Cape Florida, and 75
Ni of Jamaici; and is nearly 700 miles
in length, and generally »bout 70 in
bueadth. A ehain of hills runs through
the middle of the ifland from E. to W.
but the land near the fea is in general
kvd, and flooded in the rainy feafon,
when the fun is vesical. This noble
ifland, the key of the Weft- Indies, is
ItipiK^ed to have the heft Ibil, for fo
large a country, of any in America, and
contains 38,400 fquare miles. It pro.
(luces all thi.'. commodities kno\vn in the
Weft-Indies, pnrticularly ginger, long
pepper, and other tpices^ caflia, fiftula,
matiick, and aloes. It alio produces
tobacco itnd fugar ; bur from the want
of hatKis, and the lazinefs of the Span-
iards, it does nut produce, including all
its commodities, lb much for exporta-
tion as the fmall ifland of Antigua.
Not an hundredth part of the ifland is
yet cleared. The principril part of the
plantations are on the beautthil plains
of Savannah, and are cultivated by a-
bont 2 5,000 (laves. The other inhabit-
ants amount to about 30.000.
Tile courfe of the rivers is too fliort
to-be of any confequcnce tc navigation;
but there are feveral good harbours in
tlie in:mdi which belong to the princi-
pal towns, as the Havannah, St. Jagu,
Santa Crtir, and La Trinidad. Befides
the harbours of thefe towns there is Ciim-
btiiaiid harbour. The tobacco railed
here is faid to have a more delicate fla-
vour than any raiftd in America. There
are a vaft number of fmall ifles round
this noble ifland, the channels feparating
which, aswtll as the rivers in the ifland,
abound with iiflj. There are more ali-
gntors here than in any other place in
the Well lihlies. In the woods arc
fome very valuable trees, pnrticularly
cellars, lb large, it is faid, tliat canoes
made of them will hold 50 men. Birds
there arc in great variety, atvA in num-
ber more tiian in any of the other ifl-
inds. This ifland was Hifcovered by
tlw famous Chrifloplier Columbus, in
C UL
149s. It was- taken pofleilton of hji
the Spaniards in ist'i> and they fociy
exterminated the mild and peaceabla
natives to the amount of 500,009.
The hill* are rich in mines, and in fome
of the rivers there is gold duft. The
copper mines oidy are worked, which
are in the eaftem part of the ifland.
Here are alfo tbuntams of bitumen.
CuvAGUA, an ifland of America,
fltuated between that of Margaretta and
Terra Finna, liibje£l to Spain, and is
about 8 miles long. There are a num-
ber of pearls eot here, but not of the
largeft fize. N. lat. 10. r5. W. long.
34" 30'
Cue NC A, or Bamba, a city and con»
(iderable juriUli£l.on in the province of
Quito, in Peru, under the torrid zone \
lymg in 15. 3. 4.9. S. lat. The town
is computed to contain ao, or 30,000
people { and the weaving of baixe, cot»
tons, tec. is carried on by the women,
the men being averfe to labour, ami
prone to all manner of profligacy. It
ts fltuated on the river Curary, or St.
Jago} which, after many windings from
W. to E. ^Is at laft into the river A-
mazon. The town (lands at the foot of
the Cordillera mountains. It has two
convents, and lies about 170 miles S.
of Quito.
Cue YTB, a river in the ifland of Cu^
ba, which abounds with aligators.
CuLiACAN, a province of Guadalax*
ara, in the audience ot New-Oalicia, in
Mexico, or New- Spain. It has Cinsdoa
on the N. New-Biiicay and the Zacate<
cas on the £. Chiametlan on the S. and
the gulf of California on the W. It ia
60 or 70 leagues long and 50 broad,
(t abounds with all ibits of fruit. The
great river La Sal in this country is
well inhabited on each iide. Accord*
ing to Dampier, it is a fait lake or bay,
\n which is good anchorage, though it
lias a narttiw entrance, and runs is
leagues £. and parallel with thefliore.
I'hcre are (everal bpanilh farms, and
fait ponds about it; and 5 leagues from
it are two rich mines, worked by flaves
belonging to the citizens of Compoi-
telia. Here alfo is another great river,
whole banks are full ol wooiis and pal-
tures. On this river, Guzman, who
diicovered the country, built a towii,
which he called St. Michael, 'Otrhich fee.
CuLPEPPKR, a county in Virginia,
between tlieBlue Ridge and the tide
waters.
CUM
vn/ttft which contatna *%,w$ inhabit,
ants, oif whom 81*6 are flaves. The
court'houfe of this county is 45 miles
from FrederickflHit<g, and 95 from
Charlottefville.
CuMAMA, or CoKMMa, the capital of
New-Andalufia, a province of Terra
Flrma, S. America. It fometimes gives
its name to the province. The Spa-
niards built this city in 15x0) and it is
defended by a ftrone caftle. This town,
fays Dampier, ftands near the mouth of
a great lake, or branch of the fea, call-
ed Laguna de Carriacoj about which
are feveral rich towns ; but its mouth is
fo fliallow that no fliips of burden can
enter it. It is fltuated 3 leagues S. of
the N. Sea, and to the 8. W. of Mar-
garetta, in about 10. to. it. lat. and in
6/^ so. W. long.
CUMANAGATE, a fmall town in a
bay on the coaft of Tjrra Firma, in the
province of Cumana, or Andalufia. It
IS fituated .on a low flat fliore, which
abounds with pearl oyfters^
Cumberland, h harbour in the ifl-
and of Juan Fernandes.
CvMBERLAtiD, a harbout on the S.
E. part of the ifland of Cuba, and one
of tne fineft in tlie Weft-IndJes, capable
of iheltering any number of fliips. N.
lat. 10. 30. W. long. 76. 50. It is'
ao leagues E. from St. Jago de Cuba.
Cumberland, an ifland on the coaft
of Camden co« Georgia, between Prince
William's found at the S. end, and the
mouth of Great Satllla R. at its N end,
und so miles S. of the town of Prederi-
ca. Before the revolution there were
two forts, called William and St. An-
drews, on this ifland. The ibnner, at
the S. end, commanded the inlet of A-
melia's found, was flrongly pallifadoed
and defended by 8 pieces of cannon,
and had barracks for «oo men, ttore-
houfes, &c. ; within the pallifadnes
were fine fprings of water.
Cumberland, a harbour on the E.
ftde of Wafliington's ifles, on the N.
W. coaft of N. America. It lies S. of
Skitikife, and N. of Cummafliawaa.
CUMBER.L4N3, a bay ir the rooft
northern part oi Ameri*"'} its mouth
lies under the polair circle, and run« to
the N, W. and W. and is thought to
communicate with Baffin's bay on the
Cumberland Houfi, one of the
HudfoQ bay company's faAocies is fttu-
C U M
11^
ated In New South Wales in North A-
mcrica, 158 miles E. N. E. of Hud. '
Ton's houfe, on the 8. fideoi' PincUIand
lake. N. lat. 5^. j6 41. W.long. 101.
13. Stc Ntl/ba rivtr.
Cumberland, a tbrtinNewT^runf.
wick, fltuated at the head of the bay of
Fundy, on the E. fide of its northern
branch. It ir capabh; of accomodating
300 men.
Cumberland, a county of New.
Braniwick, which comprehends the
lands at the. head of the bay of Fundy,
on the bafon called Chebe£ton, and the
rivers which empty into it. It has fe>
veral townfliips ; thofi.* which are jtttled
are Cumberland, Sackvillc, Amherft,
HillflKM-ough, and Hopewell. It 18 wa-
tei ed by the rivers Au Lac, Mtlfiquafliy
Napan Macon* Memiramcook, Percou-
dia, Chepodi^,' and Herbert. The }
firft rivers are navigable 3 or 4 miles t<Mr
veflels of 5 tons. The Napan ami Ma.i
con ace ihoal rivers ) The Herbert it
navigable to its head, i« miles, in boats {
the others are navigable 4 or 5 miles,
Cumberland, n town of New.
Brunfwick, in the county of Us own
name. Here are coal mines.
Cumberland Co. in the diftrift of
Maine, lies between York and Lincoln
counties ; has the Atlantic ocean «n the
S. and Canada on the N. Its fea
coaft, formed into numerous bays smd
lined with a multitude of Iruitftil iflands,
is nearly 40 miles in extent in a ftraight
line. Saco river, which runs S. fafter-
ly into tlie ocean, is the dividing line
be<..ween this county and York on the
S. W. Cape Elizabeth and CaTco bay
are in this county.' Cumberland is di"
vided into 14 townfllfps, of wMch Port-
land is the chief. It contains it5i45l>.
inhabitants. ■ '^ ■ 1
Cumberland C«. in New-Jerfey, is /
boundcti S. by Delaware iiay, N. by/
Gloucefter CO. S. E, by Cape May, an^
W. by Salem co. It i$ divided into 7
townmips, of which Fairfield and Green-
wich are the chief; and contains 81:48
inhabitants, of whom tso are flaves.
Cumberland, the N. eafternmoft
townfljip of the ftate of Rhod&.Ifland,
Providence co. Pawtiicket biii^ge and
falls, in this town, are 4 miles N. E. of
Providence. It cor.itains 1964 inhabit-
ants, and is the t^nly town in the ftats
which has no flav>.'S.
CuMBERLAori) C§. la Pennfylnubta,
it
Jt6
CUM
is boonM N. md N. W. by Mifflin }
E. mdV. £. by Surquehmnah R. which
dhridM it from Dauphin } 8. by York,
and 8. W. hv Franklin co. It is 47
miles in lengtn, and 4s in breadth, and
has 10 townfliips, of which Carlifle is
the chief. ,The county is generally
mountainous } but between l^rth and
South mountain, on each fide of Cone-
doswinet creek, there is «n extenfive,
riehf and well cultivated valley. It
contains i8,s43 inhabitants, of whom
as 3 are flaves.
CVMBERLAND, a townfliip in York
CO. Poinlylvania.— — Alfo the name of
a townfliip in Wafliington co. in the
fsime ftate.
Cumberland Co. in Fayette di-
tbr'i&t N. Carolina, contains 8671 inha.
bitants, of whom a 1 8 1 are flaves. Chief
town Fayetteville.
Cumberland, a townfliip of the
above county, in N. Carolina.
Cumberland, a poft town and the
chief townfliip of Alleghany co. Mary>
land, lies on the N. bank of a great
bend of Potowmack R. and on both
ildes of the mouth of Wiirs creek. It
is 148 miles W. by N. of Baltimore,
109 meafured miles above Georgetown,
and about 105 N. W. of Wamington
city. Fort Cumberland ftood formerly
at the W. fide of the mouth of Will's
creek. /
Cumberland Co. in Virginia, on
the N. fide of Appamatox river, which
divides it from Prifice Edward. It con-
tains 8153 inhabitants, of whom 4434
are flaves. The court>houle is a8 miles
from Powhatan court-houfr, and 5 s
from Richmond.
CuMB«U.AND Mountain, occupies a
uart of tMic uninhabited country of the
Mate of TenneiTee, between the diftri6ls
tpf Wafliington and Hamilton and Mero
4iftri£l; and between the two firft
r^iiinied diftrISs and the ftate of Ken-
tucky. The ridge is about 30 miles
hroaot and extends from Crow creeic,
on Tenncflire R. from S. W. to N. E.
The pbce where the Tenweiree breaks
throurh the Great ridge, cailed the
IFKHor Siukf is 250 miles above the
Mufcle flioals. Limeftone is found on
both fiL^ss the mountain. 1 :.e moun-
tain confilts of the moft ftupendous
piles of craggy rock* of any mountain
in the weftern country. In feveral parts
^f k,.it is iuacecflibte ftx roilcs» even to
CUM
the Indlant on foot. In one |Jac« par* '
ticularly, near the fummit of the moun-
uin, there is a moft remarkable ledge of
rocks of about 30 miles in length, and
aoo feet thick, fliewing a perpnidicular
het to thte 8. E. more noble and grand
than any artificial fortification in the
known world, and appaitntly equal in
point of regularity.
Cumberland R, called by the In-
dians *< Shawanee," and by the French
** Shavanon," falls into the Ohio 10
mil^s above the mouth of Tenneflee R.
and about 14 miles due E. from fort
MalTac, and 1 1 1 3 below Pittfburg. It
is navigable for large veflels to Nafli-
ville in Tenneflee, and from thence to
the mouth of Obed's or Obaa R. The
Caney fofk, Haraeth, Stones, Red, and
Obed's, are its chief branches } fome of
them are navigable to a great diftance.
The Cumberland mountains in Vir-
ginia feparate the head waters of this
river from thofe of Clinch R. It runs
S. W. till it comes near the S. line of
Kentucky, when its courfe tawefterly,
in general, through Lincoln co. recei-
ving many ftreams from each fide}
thence, it flows S. W. into the ftate of
Tennefl*ee, where it takes a winding
courfe, inclofing Sumner, Davidfon, and
Tennciflee counties ; afterwards it takes
a N. weftern direAion and re-enters the
fbte of Kentucky ; and from thence it
preferves nearly an uniform diftance
from TenneiTee R. to its mouth, where
it is 300 yards wide. It is 100 yards
broad at Nafliville, and its whole length
is computed to be above 450 mUes.
CuMBERLAND-River, a place ib
called, where a uoft ofiice is kept, in
TenneiTee, 13 miles from Cumberland
mountain, and 80 from the Crab-Or-
chard in Kentucky.
CvMMAiHhW AS, or Cummajbaivaat
a found at^ village on the £. fide of
Waftiington ifland, on the N. W. coaft
of N. America The poit is capacious
and I'afe, and its mouth lies in 53. s. 30.
N. lat. and in si8. 11. W. long. In
this port Capt. Ingraham rt .nained fome
time; and ne oblerves, in his journal,
that here, in direJ^ opbofition to moft
other parts of the world, the women
maintained a precedency to the men in
every point ; mfomuch that a man dares
not trade without the concurrence bf
his wife ; and that he has often been
witoeft to men's being abuTed for part-
ing
CUR
fng with ikim b«fore t''eir approbation
was obtained J and thu precedency of.
ten occafioned much dltturbance.
CVMMiNOTON>atownfliipmHamp-
fliireco. MaflkchiU'etts, having 873 in-
hahitanrs } lying about so miles N. W.
of Northampton, and 1 10 N. W. by W.
of Bufton. It was incorporated in
«779«
CuRASsov, Curafoa 'or S^umfoa^
an ifland in tlie Weft-Indies, belonging
to the Dut'^h, 9 or 10 leagues N. E.
from C»pe Roman, on the continent of
Terra Firma. It is fituated ip 11 de-
grees N. lat. 9 or 10 Lagues from the
continent of Terra Firma, is 30 miles
long, and 10 broad. It feems as if it
were fated, that the ingenuity and pa.
tience of the Hollanders (hoiild every
wherei both in Europe and America,
be emnloyed in fightini; sgainll an un-
friendly nature; for tlte iiland is not
only barren, and dependent on the rains
fur its'water, but the hafbour is natural.
ly one of the worft in America : yet
the Dutch have entirely remedied that
defc£l^ they have upon this harbour
one of the largell, and by far the molt
elegant and cleanly towns in the Weft
Indies. The public buildings are nu-
merous and bandlbmej the private
houfcs commodious } and the m^an-
zines larsre, convenient, and well hlled.
All kind of labuur is here performed
by engines ; fome of them lb well con-
trived, that (hips are at once lifted into
the dock.
Though this ifland is naturally bar-
ren, the induftry of the Dutch has
brought it to produce a confiderab'e
<]uantity both of tobacco and lugar;
it has, befides, good (alt works, for the
produce of which there is a brifk de-
mand from the Englifh iflands, and the
colonies on the continent. But what
renders this ifland of moft advantage to
the Dutch, is the contraband trade
which is carried on between the inha-
bitants and the Spaniards, and their
harbour being the rendezvous to all na-
tions in time of war.
The Dutch fliips from Europe touch
at this ifland for intelligence, or pilots,
and thci\ proceed to the Spanifli coafts
for traile, which.they force with« ftrong
hand, it being very difficult for the
Si)anift» guarda coftus to take the(e vef-
fels ; for they arc not only ftout fliips,
<hrith a number of guns, but aie mwmed
CUR
fay
with large crewa of chorcn frnmenk
deeply intereftcd in the fafety of the vcfr
fel and the fuccefs of the voyage. Thqr
have each a (hare in the ewrgo, of a va-
lue proportioned to the ftntion of the
owner, fuoplied by the merchants u>ioa
credit, and nt a prime coft. Thit koif.
mates them with an uncommon couragey
and they fight bravely, becaufe everjr
man fights in defence of hi* own pit),
perty. Befides this, there l<i a conltanc
intercourfe between thit ifland and tiK
Spanifh continent.
CuraiTou has numerous Wi%re1iou(e«b
always full of the commodities of En.
rope and the Eaft-Indiet. Hent are all
forts of woolen and Imen cloth, laces,
fiiks, ribbands, iron utenfils, naval an4
military fiores, brandy, the fpices iitf the
Moluccas, and the calicoes of India,
white and painted. Hither the Dutch
Wefl- India which is alfo their AFricvi
Company, annually bring three or four
cargoes of flaves ; and to this mart ther
Spaniards thsmfelves come in fmnll vef-
fels, and carry ofTnoftmly the beft of
the negroes, at a very high price, but
great quantities of all the above fortS
of goo<l8 { and the feller has this ad-
vantage, that the refufe of warriwufb
and mercers' fhops, and eveiy thing
that is grown nnfsuhionable and nnfale-
able in Europe, go off here extremely
well 5 every thing being fufficiently re-
commended by its being European.
Tl\e Spaniards pay in gold or filver,
coined or in bars, cocoa, vanilla, jefuits
bark, cochineal, and other vaJuabls
commodities. ,
The trade of CurafTou, even in times
of peace, is faid to be annually worth
to the Dutch, no Icfs than ^.500,000. f
but in time of war the profit is ftili
i>reater,_ for then it becomes the com-
mon emporium of the Weft-Indies j ie
affords a retreat to fhips of all nations,
and at the fame time refufes none of
them arms and ammunition to deftroy
one another. The intercourfe with
Spain being then internipted, the Spa-
nifli colonies have fcarcely any other
inarket from whence they can be well
fiiuplicd either with flaves or goods.^
The French come hither to buy the'
beef, pork, corn, fiour, and lumber,
which are brouglit from the continent
of N. America, or exported from Ire-
land J fo that, whether in pestce or iir
war, the trade of this ifland HovrMietf
exu'emely*
!••
cus
•xtremcly. The Dutch took thii ifland
from the Spmiards in li^z.
CtmiACOi a bay m Terra Firma, S.
^America, on the North Sea.
CuRRiTVCK Co. it fituafed on the
Im coaft of Htienton diftri£t, N. Caro-
Kna» and formi the N. E. comer of the
Kate ) bcinff bounded E. by Currituck
Ibund, N oy the ftate of Virginia, S.
by Albemarle found, and W. by Cam-
den co.; containing 5x19 inhabitants,
•f whom 1103 are flavet. Difmal
fWamp lies in this county, on the S. fidt
•f Albemarle (bund, and is now fup-
poftd td contain one of the molt valuable
rice eftatea in America. In the midft
of this Dilmnl, which contains upwards
of 350,000 acres, is a lake of about 11
milea long and 7 miles hi»ail. A navi-
Eble canal, ao teet wide and 5^ miles
isr, conne^s the waters of the lake
with the head of Skuppemong river.
About 500 yards from the lake, the
proprietors have ere^ed feveral faw
mills I and as the water of the lake is
higher than the banks of the canal, the
company can at any time lay under wa-
ter about to,ooo acres of rich I'wanip,
which proves admirably fitted for rice.
For an account of the other Dlimal, lee
CvRRiTVCK, or Caratwikf a town-
ftip in the diftri^l of Maine, 18 miles
above Norridgewalk. In i79« this was
the uppermoft fettlement on Kennebeck
river, and then coniifted of about ao
families.
Cvico, the ancient capital of the
Peruvian empire, in S. Amei ica, is fitu-
ated in the motmtainous country of Pe-
rUf in I*. »s. S. lat. and 70. W. long,
and lias long been on the decline. It is
yet a very confiderable place, having
about so,ooo inhabitants. This fa-
nous city was founded by the firft Ynca,
or Inca Mango, as the feat and capital
of his empire. The Spaniards, under
Don Francifco Pizarro, entered and took
pofleflionof it in the year 1534. On
a mountain contiguous to the N. part
of the city, are tM ruins of tiie famous
fort and Psdace of the Yncas, th j ftunes
of which are of an enormous magni-
tude. Three fourths of the inhabitants
are Indians, who are very induftriuus in
inanufii6iuring baize, cotton and leath-
er. They have alfi> here, as well as at
Quito, a tafte for painting) fome of
tb«ir p^FfennaiiKe* have been adnured
C tjf*
even in Italy, and are difperfed all ovef
South- An: *rica.
CvscowiLLA, in EaA-FloricIa, is the
capital of the Aluchua tribe of Indians,
and ftands in the moft pleafant fitua.
tion that could be defired in an iohnd
country; upon a high, (welling ridge
of fand hills, within joo or 400 yards
of a laree and beautiful lake, abound-
ing with fifli and fowl. The lake
is terminated on one fnle by extenfive
forefts, confifting of orange groves, over-
topped with grand magnolias, palms,
poplar, ti!ia, live-oaks, &c. ; on the
other fide by extenHve green pfai:is and
meadows. The town confins of 30
habitations, each of which conlifts of a
houfes, nearly of the fame fize, large
and convenient, and covered cbfowitli
the bark of the eyprefs tree. Each has
a little garden fpot, containing corn,
beans, tobacco, and other vegetables.
In the great Alachua favannah, about 3
miles diftant, is an inclofcd, plantation,
which is worked and tended by the
whole community, yet every family -has
its particular part. Each family gath-
ers and depofits in its granary its proper
(hare, fettmg apait a (mall contribution
for the public granary, which ftands vtk
the midft of the plantation.
CvsHAi, a fmall river which empties
into Albemarle (bund, between Cbowan
and the Roanoke, in North Carolina.
CusHETUNK Mimntoi/w, 11^ Himter-
don CO. New-Jcrfey.
CusHiNG, a townfliip in Lincoln co.
diftrifl of Maine, feparated from War-
ren and Thomafton by St. George's R.
It was incorporated in 1789, contains
94% inhabitants, and lies ai6 miles W.
byN. ofBofton.
CvssENs, a fmall R. in Cumberland
CO. Maine, which runs a S. £. courfe
to Cafco-bay, between the towns of
Freeport and North- Yannoutb.
CvssKWAOA, a fettlement in Penn-
fylvania.
CussiTAH, an Indian town in the
weftcrn pait of Georgia, 11 miles above
the Broken Ariow, on Chattahoofec
river.
CuTTS Iflandt a fmall ifland on the
coaft of York co. Maine. See Nedtkck
rivery Cafe.
CuYA, or CutiOt a province of Chili,
in S. America, and in the government
of Santa Cruz in the Siena. The
principal conunodities are honey and
wax.
ch (lands in
DAN
wax. -^Tbt chief town is St. John d«
^lontiera.
CvzcATLAK. See 5t, Stln^iM R.
in Kew-Spaiiu
CvzvusUt an ifland in ithe Drovince
of Yucatan, and audience of 'Mexico,
fituated in the bay of Honduras | 15
leagues long and 5 broad i its piincipal
town is Santa Cruz. M. lat. 19. long.
«7.
CrvKvt Swat^, in Delaware ftate.
See Indian river,
D
DAGSBOROUGH, a pod town in
Suflex CO. Delaware* fituated on
the N. W. bank of Peper''s creek* a
branch of Indian river, and contains
ahout4o houies. It is 19 miles from
Broad hill, or Clowe's and 127 S. from
Philiulelphia.
Dalton, a fine townflilp in Berk-
fliire CO. Maflacliufetts, having Pittf-
field on the W. and contains 554 in-
habkantr. The ftage road from Bofton
to Albany runs through it. Dalton
was incorporated in 1784, and lies 135
miles W. by N. of Bofton, and about
3 5 the fame courle, from Northampton.
Dalton, a townlhip in Grafton co.
New-Hampihire, firft called Apthorpe,
was incorporated in 1 784 , and has only
14 inhabitants. It lies on the £. bank
of Connecticut R. at the 15 mile falls,
oppafite Concord, in Eflex co. Vermont.
Dambriscotta Great Bay, in Lin-
coln CO. Maine, is about 4 noiles in cir<
cumference.
Dameriscotta R. a fmallftreara
in Lincoln co. Maine, which falls into
Booth-bny. A company has been
lately incorporated to build a bridge
over it.
Dampj|[erV StraiUt are between the
K. E. point of New Guinea, and the
S. W. point of New-Britain, S. lat.
i. 15. E. long, from Paris, 146.
Dan, a cunfiderable river of N. Ca-
rolina, which unites with the Staunton,
and forms the Koanoke. In May, 1795,
a boat 53 ft;«t long, and about 7 tons
burden, palled from Upper Saiu'a town
to Halifax, about zoo miles above Hali-
fax, under thedire^ion of Mr. Jeremiah
Wade. She brought about 9 hhds.
from the above place, 6 ot which ihe
diicharged at St. Tamiay, 40 miles
^^^f Wi»x J to which phwe the R.
D A If ' 9Jt
hM'bflcn ckMtA W iht fkiatioM af
individuaU. Fnm it* T«Miny to H**
lifax, ihe brought abaqt xom imdkt
through the Mb, which hithene Hiid
been dcsmed impailiible. Mr Wadi
thinke, fhfe navigation fiar boats of i
larger buiden may be madcat a fnaaU
expence. The faiqpus Burftcd hiH
ftands on the bank of the Ban, in Vir-
finia, near the borders of N. CaroUai*
t appears to have been on ancient voU
cano. There are large rocks of the k*
va, or melted nutter, from 1000 to
1 500 weight, lying on the fumroit of
the hill. The crater i« paitly filkd»
and covered with lai^^e trees.
Danbury, a poft town ia the co« «f
Fairfield, in Connc£Uout. It was fct«
tied in 16S7, and the compa£k ]Mut of
the town containi % churches, a coiirt«
houfe, and about 60 dwelling-houfte^
On its fmall fireams are iron works*
and feveral mills. Mr. Laiarus BesA
prefented to the Muieum in New* York
city, a quire of p^r, made of ths
aflieftos, at his pamer mill in Danbwy*
March, 1791, wiiich the hottcft fire
would not confume. It lies about 70
mike N. E. of New. York city, and )]
N. W. by. W. of New-Haven. This
town, with a Urge quantity of military
ftoiea, was burnt by the Britiih on the
t6th of April, 1777.
Dan BY, a townfhip in Rutland co.
Vermont, £. of Pawlet, and contains
lao^ inhabitants. It. lies about js
milei N. of Bennington.
Danibl, Psirtt on the noithem fide
of Chaleur Bay, \« a commodious hw*
hour for veflels of a confiderable draught
of water. It afibrds a cod fifher}-, and
is about 9 leagues from Pltto, wefl*
north-weft of Cape Defpair.
Damish America. In the Weft-
Indies the Danes podefs the iflands of
St. Thomas, St. Croix, or Santa Cms,
and St. John^s; which are defcribcd
und«r their refpe^ive names.
The Danilh policy, in refpefl to their
iflanUs, is wife, and delicrving of imita«
tion. Thefe iflands were ill managed*
and of little confequence to the Danee,
whilft in the hanjds of an exclufwe com- .
pany ; but fince the late kuig bought
up the company's fh)ck, and laid the
trade open, the jflands have been great*
ly improved. Santa Crue, a perfeft
defert aiiaw years fince, haslisen brought
to a high ftate of cultivationi producmg
I annually
ISO DAN
twiwtty ^rtwwMi 3* wd 40)000 lihdi.
«f fitfur* of vpwHrdt of i) cwt. eachi
lid contaiiw jooo white* ind 90,000
tutgnit. By m cdia of the DMiifli
USJi* no flavei are to be imported into
hii Ubndt after the year ilo»| till
theot their tmj^ortation it encouraged
Iw a tew operatu^ aa a bminty. Many
of the inhanitanta of Greenland, and ne-
fraea of the Danifli W. India iflanda.
Save embraced Chriftianitv under the
Moravian mifliooariei, who are un<
wearied in tlMir humane exertions to
Bcomoie the happinefa of thoie who can
paftow no earthly reward.
DAMVaaSt a townlhip in Eflex co.
Ma&chufetts, adjoining Salem on the
K . W. in which it wa* formerly com-
wchended by tlie name of Salem Til-
lage. It confifta of two parifliea, and
contains a4e5 inhabitants, and was in-
corporated in 1 7 57 . The moft confider-
able and compaa fettlement in it, is
ibrmed by a continuation of the princir
pal ftreet of Salem, which extends more
than two miles toward the country, ha-
ving many worii flwps of mechanics, and
feveral fcrretailinggoods. Laree quan-
tities of bricks and coarfe eartGen ware
are manufaAured here. Another plea-
iiuit and thrhring fettlement i« at the head
of Beverly R. called New.MUU{ when
a. few vefleis are built and owned. The
town of Oanvers receives an annual
compcnfatioa of £. 10 from the prouri-
cton ol Eficx bridge, for the obllruAion
of the river.
Danvillb, a thriving poft town in
Mercer co. and formerly the metropo-
Us of Kentucky, pleafantiy lituated in a
large, fertile jdain, on the S. W. fide
of Dick's R. 35 miles S. S. W. of Lex-
ington. It confiits of about 50 houles,
and a Preibyterian church. From Leef-
burg to Danville, the countiy, for the
firft 30 miles, is of an inferior rate for
lands in this country ; but round Lex-
ington, and from Lct-fburg to Lexing-
ton and Boonftmrough, is the richefl
land in the country. It is 40 miles
p. by E. of Frankfort, 8) from Louil-
jrillef aoi from Hawkins in Tenncflee,
and I30 from Philadelphia. N. lat. 37.
30* W. loi^. S5. 30.
s DANVil.l.l,« very thriving townfhip
ih Caledonia co. Vermont. It was a
wiMemeis, without fo much as a ftngte
fiunilyt ft 6w years ago, and now con-
D AR
talni 574 inhabitants. It Uea t mllea
N. W. ofBarnet.
Darmy, a (hull town in Delawara
CO. Pennfylvania, on the E. fide of Oar-
by creek. It contains about 50 bonfes,
and a Quaker meetfaig-houle, and lies
7 miles STW. by W. of PhiladelphU.
There are two townfliips of this name,
in the county, called Upper and Lower,
from their relative (ituation.
Dariin, «r TtfTM FirmM Pr^ptr, is
the northern divifion of Terra Firma or
Caftile del Oro. It is a narrow ifthmus,
that, projperly liking, joins N. and
S. America together} but is generally
reckoned as part of the latter. It »
bounded on the N. by the gulf of Mexi-
co { on the S. by the Sotith Tea ) on the
E. by the river or Gulf of Darien, and on
the W. by another part of the South Sea
and the province of Veragua. It lies in
the form of a bow or crelcent, about the
gmt bay of Panama, in the South-Sea,
and is 300 miles in length. Its breadth
has generally been reckoned 60 miles
from N. to S. } but it is only 37 miles
broad from Porto 3cllo to Panama, the
two chief towns of the province. The
former lies inN. lat. 9. 34. 35. W. long.
Si. ca. I the latter in N. lat t. 57. 4S.
W. long. Si. This province is not the
richeft, but is of the greatelk impor-
tance to Spain, and has been tlw icene
of mora aftions than any other in
America. The wealth of Peru is
brought hither, and from hence ex-
ported to Europe. Few of the rivers
in this country are navieable, having
(hoals at their mouths. Some of them
bring down gold duft) and on the
coaifare valuable pearl fifheries. Nei-
ther of the oceans fall in at once upon
the fliore, but are intercepted by a
^at maiiv valuable iflands, that lie
Icattercd along the coaft. The iflands
in the bay of Panama are numerous :
in the eulf of Darien are three of con-
fiderable iiae, viz. Golden Iflaud ;
another, the largeft of the three, and the
ifland of Pines j beiides fmaller ones.
The narrowed part of the ifthmus i«
called fomctimes the ifthmus of Pana-
ma. The countty about it is made up
of low fickly vallies, and mountains of
iueh ftupendous height, that thev feem
to be placed by nature as etetnai bar-
rien between the Atlantic and Pacific
oceans, which here approach fo near
each other:^ that, from toeft mountains,
the
D AR'
tht watm of both cm bt pbtoly ftcn
at the Tmim time, awl fomingly at •
very finall diftance. The rocky nMun-
tains ben forbid the idea of a canal {
but by going into ta. N. lat. and Join-
ing the head of Nicaragua lake to a
finall rivcTj which rune into the Pacific
ocean, a communication between the
two ftai become* ■raAicablc } and by
digging 30 milea through a level, bw
country, a tedious naiigittion, of 1 0,000
milet* round Ca)ie Horn, might be
ikved. What would be the confequcncee
of fuch a junction, is not eafy to
fay { but it is very probable, that, in a
length of years, fuch a junAion would
wear away the earthy partidec of the
ifthmus, and form a broiul ftrait be-
tween the oceans i in which cafe, the
Gulfftream would ceafe, being turned
into a different channel j and a voyage
round the world become an inconiidera-
ble thing.
The Scotch nation had fo juft an idea
of the great importance of this ifthmus,
that they got pofleflion of a part of the
province in 1699, and though among
the poorett nations in Europe, attempt-
ed to form an eftabliihntent more ufeni>!
and of more real importance, «!! the
parts of the plan coniidered, than had
perhaps ever been undertaken by the
greateft nation in the world." The pro-
jeftor and leader of the Darien expe-
dition was a clergymen, of the name of
Paterfon. The riie, progrefs, and ca-
taftt-ophe, of this well-conceived, but
ill-fated undertaking,^ has been dcfcrib-
ed, in a very interelting manner, by Sir
John Dalrymple, in the 10th vol. of his
memoirs of Great- Britain and Ireland.
The fund i'ubicribed, for carrying this
great projeft into eff«£l, amounted to
^.900,000 fterling, viz. ^.4.00,000 Tub-
I'cribed by the Scotch, 300,000 by the
Engliih, and 100,000 by the Dutch and
Hamburghers. The Darien council
aver, in their papers, that the right of
the company was debated before King
William III. in the prefence of the
Spanifli ambaflador, before the colony
left Scotland } and while the eftablifli-
nent of the colony had been in agita-
tion, Spain had made no complaints to
England or Scotland againft it. In
fine, of laoo biave men, onlv 30 ever
furvived war, fttipwreck, and difeale,
and returned to Scotland. The i-utn
•f this unhappy «il«ny ba||WMd dm*
D Ali
Iff
the ihuMfiil pwrtiality of WiiliMi IU«
and the imloufy of tha Ingliii Mtka.
The mreng «c«ntry, wmbv the co-
lony fettled and built Mr fcrta, wm
a territory Mvar poflUftd by tlM
Spaniards, and inhabitsd by a pcopk
continually at war with them. It was
at a place called AAa, in tht mouth «f
the river Ihrien i having a capacious
and ftrongly fituated harboiv. Th«
country tlwy called Ncw-Cahdonia. It
was about mid-way between Porto
Bello and Carthagenai tut near 50
leagues diftant firom tithtr.
Darien, Qvtr or, runs 8. eafteiif
into Terra Pinna. On the eaftern fidw
of its mouth, it the town of St. SabaC^
tian.
DaRIIN, a town in Liberty co. OeoT*
Sia, by the heights of which glides tht
[. channel of'Alatamaha R. about to
miles above Sapelo I. and 10 belowr
Fort Barrington. It lies 47 miles 8. S*
W. of Savannah. N. lat. 3 1 . a}. W*
long. to. 14.
Darlington, the moft fouthnK
county of Cheraw's diftrift, 8. CaroU-
na ) bounded S. and S. W. bv Lynck*t
creek. It is about 35 miWa long, an4
ai broad.
Dartmouth-Collboi. Sec Hm"
ever.
Dartmovth, a town in Grafton
CO. Ncw-Hamplhire, north weft of the
foot of the White Mountains) 3]
miles N. E. of Haverhill, New Hamp*
fliire, and S7 N. wefterly of Porti*
mouth. It contains iit inhabitanta*
and was incorporated in 177a.
Dartmouth, a thrivini; fea-poit
ta n in Briftol co. Mal&chufetts, utu*
ated on the W. fide of Accuftinet R.
70 miles foUtherly of Bofton. It was
incorporated in 1664, and contains 1499
inhabitants. N. lat. 41. 37. W. l'>ng«
70. s».
Dartmovth, a town in Elbert co.
Georgia, fituated on the peninfuht
iormed by the confluence of Broad > and
Savannah rivers, a milea frnm Fort
James Dartmouth, which is a mile be-
low Charlotte Fort, which fee. The
town and fort derive their names from
James, earl of Dartmouth, whule influx
en'ce in the Butifh councils obci.ined
from the king, a "ant and powers to
the Indian tradir^ company in Georgia
to treat with the Creeks, for the ttnU
tory called tht Iftvit Sfwrehtiftt ceded
la in
in^dllttp of (khto du« tft tht tndcn.
TUfMAcdiMiltM ftbout tidootMo of
aorti, lyf nf upon the hfsd of the Great
OgechM, between the bank* of the So-
vWMtahtnd Alatimahn, touching on the
OMnee, indudlng all the w«t«n of
8hnd itnd Little rivtrs. Thii territory
dbhipreh«nde a body of excellent) fertile
lit|d| well watet«d by iMiitmerable
itNtii creefci and brooks.
' DAVPHiK,PoRT,a>ri(HiAion, fort
Md feli-TMMt town in the N. part of the
iflttKf Ot" St. Dotningo. This divifion
contains 5 pariihes. Its exports from
Jkn. I, 1789 to Dec. 31 o^ the fame
ftatf confined of ftigar, coflfee, cotton,
iftdif9» l^iriti, mohtflfes. and tanned
hides, in valpe 35)25* dolls. 13 cents.
The town of Port of Dhuphin is re-
ifidrkable A>r a fountain conftrufled by
the orders of M. de Marbois, which
cM 10,678 dollars. N..1at. 19. 4.1.
DAtr^HiMi Fort. See Ma Braga.
Dauphin, an ifland about 10 miles
long, in the mouth of Mobile bay, 5
ifmis from Maflacre I. with a fliual all
the way between them. Thcfe are lup-
|iofed formerly to have be«n but one,
tkti went by the general name of MaiTa.
ere, fo called by Monf. d'Ibberville,
fWhn a large heap of human bones found
thereon .at his lan'.ling. It was after-
Wiuds Called Dauphin I. Tile W. end,
a diftance of* between ) and 4 miles, is
a. tiarrow flip of land with fome dead
^troes} the tek is covered with thick
{fines, which come clofe to the water's
erfge on the E. fide, forming a large
bluff. Theri is the r?n>ains of an old
Prench poll on the 8. fide of the ifland,
and of lome old houils of the natives.
N. lat. 30. 10. W. long. 88. 7.
Dai/phiN, a fort in the ifland of
Claue Breton, round which the French
Ina theh* princi
they built JLouiiburg.
theh* principal fcttlement, befiu-e
DAt;pHiN Co. in Pennfylvahia, was
formerly contained in that of Lancaf^er,
until ereAed into a fcpai-ate county,
March 4, 1785. Its form is triangular;
its contents 586,400 acres, and is fur-
rtunded by the countits of MifRin,
Citmberland, York, Berks, and Nor-
thumberland. It is divided into tj
townfhips, the chief of <tthkh is Hnrrif-
bin^; the number of its inhabitants
i%,i77. ?>}early one half of the land is
xtniHt Cultivation j but the northein
{Art is Tcry roegh md Motimainoai*
1) A X
In fbtrenU of tht tnoinrtahM fo homi'
ahundanct of iron ore of the firll qaa>
lityi a furnace and forge have bctn
ereited which carry on brifklv liw ma>
nufa^urc of pig, bar iron, «c. The
firit fettltrs here were Irifh cmigrantu,
who were afterwards joined by a num-
ber of Ocrmana. In the town of Dir«
ry, on the bank of Swatara creek it a
remarkable cavern { ita entrance is un-
der a high bank, and nearly so feet
wide, and about 8 or 10 feet m height.
It delcends gradually nearly to a ^el
with the ci«ek. lis apartmtnts are nu-
merous, of different iitcs, and adorned
with flala6lites curioufly diveifified in
fiae and colour. Near the foot of Blue
Mountain is a mineral fpring, much
celebrated by the country people for
its efficacy in removing rheumatic and
other dilbrders.
Davidson, a county in Mero dif-
tri6l in TennefTce, bounded N. by the
flate of Kentucky, E. by Sumner, and
S. by the Indian territory. Its chief
town Nafliville, lies on the great bend
of Cumberland river.
David's TVww, on the AfTanpinkR.
Hunterdon co. N. jerfey, 10 or iimilea
from Trenton. Between thefe towna
a boat navigation has lately been open-
ed >by means of three locks, ereAed at
a coniideraKle expenfe. It is propofed
to render this river boatable 10 or 15
miles further, in which diftance, no
locks will be nccefTary.
David's Island, St. a parifh in the
Bermuda Iflandsy which fee.
Hkvm"* Strait t a narrow Tea, lying
between the N. main of America, and
the weftem coaft of Greenland ; run-
ning N. W. from Cape Farewell, lat.
60 N. to Baffin's Bay m 80. It had ita
name from Mr. John Davis, who firft
difcovered it. It extends to W. long.
75< where it communicates with Baffin's
Bay, which lies to the N. of this ftraitt*!
nnd of the North Main, or Jamea'f'
Ifland. SttBaffiM'sBay.
Dawfuskkb, an ifland on the coafl
of S. Carolina, which forms the N. E.
fide of the entrance of Savannah R. and
S. W. fide of the entrance of Broad R^'^
and admits of an inland communicatioM'
between the two rivers.
Daxabon, DajaboH, or Dababont
which the French call Laxahon, is a
town and fettlement of Spaniards on tbo^^
line betwfm <hc Frtnca and S]mBiflv»
divilions
tfk
iiTifiont of the inaod of 8t. Dimingo.
It WIS fettled to prcretit AnuggUng,
when the SpaniArdi had their fliare of
the ifland. It it bounded E. by the
territory of St. Yago, N. by the ex-
tremity of the bed of the Great- Yaqui,
sikI tite bay of Manccnilla, W. by the
river and little iflnnd of MaAacre. It
contains about 4000 perfons. The
town ftamit 400 fathoms frum the E.
bank of Maflhcre river, more than 80
lettgtiet N. W. of St. Domingo, and sS
W. of St. Yag|o. N. lat. 19. 3a. W.
lonff. from Pans 74. 9.
Day's Pew/, on James R. In Virgi-
nia. There is a plantation here of
abotit a 1000 acres, which at a diftance
appears as if covered with fnowi occa*
fioned by a bed of clam fliells, whicli by
nrpcatea ploudiing have become fine,
and mixed with the earth.
D» Bois Blanc, an ifland .belong-
ing to the N. W. territory, a voluntary
gift of the Chipeway nation to the
United States, at the treaty of peace
concluded by gen. Wayne, at Green-
ville, in 1795.
Dead Chbst Iflattdt one of the
fmaller Virgin ifles, fituated near the E.
end of Peter's ifland, and W. of that
of Cooper's.
Dkadman's fdy, on the E. iide of
Newfoundland ifland, lies S. of St.
John's harbour, and N. W. of Cajw
Spear.
Dedham, a poft town, and the capi-
tal of Norfolk CO. Mafliichuretts, called
by the aborinnals Tiot, and by the fiWl
fettlers, Clapboard Trees. The town-
fliip was inicibrporated in 1637, is 7
miles in length, and 6 in breadth, and
contains 1659 inhabitants. Its public
buildings are 3 congregational churches,
an epiicopal church, and a court houfe.
It is pleafantly fituated, 1 1 miles S. W.
of Boflon, on Charles R. A fmali
ftream furniflies water mod. part of the
f'car to * grift mills, a law mills, a ful-
ing milts and a leather mill, all in the
fpace of three quarters of a mile, and
joins Neponfit R. on the borders of
Milton. A wire manufiaflory is ereft-
ed here, for the ufcof the fifti-hock and
card manuFaAurers in Bofton.
Deal, in Monmouth co. New-Jer-
fey, about 7 miles fouthward of Shiewll
bury. This place is the refort of great
nnmbers of people from Philadelphia,
in fummerr for health and pleafure.
tlZ If)
Dil^'X/nagr, in ikr AMt^f Mw.
Yorkf ia a curioTity, and liea aboHl i
nUlesS. •fOMidakdM. attlwlMaof
ChtttcMngo tmk, aad le niika 8« Wt
of Oneida caikiei
Ditr /I. in North-GuollMi, rifttfa
Wachovia, and unitw with Haw R.
and forms the N. W. branch otf Cape
Fear river.
DiBRFiBLD, • tvwnlhipiii Combov
land CO. New Jerfey.
DuBiiriiLD Jt. or the P«rMMV, ritu
in Stratton, in Bennington co. Vermont,
and after receiving a mnnbcr of ftreamii
from the adjoining towns, unite on en-
tering MaflTuchuletta ) thence winding
in an E. dire6lion> it rceeivea North R.
and empties into Connecticut R. b»>
tween the townihipa of Greenfield and
Det-rfleUI| where it is about 15 rode
widf. Excellent traMs of oMadow
grotind lie on its banks.
Deerfibld, a verv nleafant toum ifi
HampOiire co. Maflachtifetts, on the
W. bank of Connecticut R. from which
the compa£t pert of the town it ftpn-
rated by a chain of hig hills. It is in
the midft of a fertile country, and has
a fmall inland trade. The compaft
Eart of the town has from 60 to 100
oufes, principally on one ftreet, and a
handlbme congregational church. It
was incorporated m 1 68 1 , and contains
1330 inhabitants} 17 miles N. of
Northampton, and 109 N. by W. of
Boflon.
The houfe in which the Rev. Mr.
Williams and his family were captivat-
ed by the Indians in the early fcttle-
ment of this town, is ftill ftanding, and
the hole In the door, cut by the Indiana
with their hatchets, is ftill fliewn as a
curiollty. An academy, incorporated
in 1797, by the name of " The Deer-
field Academy," is eftabliflied in this
town.
Deerfielu, a well fettled agricul-
tural town in Rockingham co. New-
Hampfltire, and was a part of the town-
fiiip of Nottingham, 19 miles S. E. of
Concord, and 35 N. W. of Portf-
mouth. It contains 1619 inhabitants,
and was incorporated in 1766.
Deer JJlandt an ifland and town-
fltip in Penoblcot bay, in Hancock co.
di(tri£l of Maine, containing 68x in-
habitants. It was incorporated in
1789, ami iic* 305 miles N. E. of
Bofton.
I 3 Debr,
Dflftt Ml iiMd in PiAmtquoddy
Onmiio, a townfliip in Hillflw.
rMjijjx CO. New.Htmpflitfet iiicor|K}rat>
edin 1774.. It cohtaiM 9*8 inhabi-
taiilt» and lie* I c mtlet S. W. of Con-
cgidt and 54 miiiN W. of Portfmcnth.
DtriAMCit a fiart ki the N. wcftern
territory, fituated on the point oC land
fcumtd b> iht coi^ence of the rivers
of Au GlaiK, and the Miami of the
lake, nearly half way between Fort
Wayne on the Miami, and Uke Erie.
N* hu. 41. 41. W. Img. 84. 43.
Ds LA March, a weftem water of
Illinois R. in the N. W. territory. It
ia to yard* wide, and navigable 8 or 9
nilet.
Oelamattbnoos, an Indian tribe,
in alliance with the Delaweres.
Dm La War, a town in King WiU
liam'tco. Virguiia, fituated on the broad
pcninfula formed by the confluence of
the Pamunky and Mattapony. The
united ftream thence aflume* the name
of York R. It lies so miles N. by W.
of Williamfburg in N. lat. 37. 31. W.
bsbAWARS Bay and River. The
Kay ic 60 miles long, from the cape to
v'He entrance of the river, at Bombay
Hook i and occupies a fpace of about
'^ jo,ooo acres} and is fo wide in Ibme
varts, as that a Ihip, in the middle of
St, cannot be ften from the land. It
opens into the Atlantic N. W. and S.
£. between Cape Henlopen pn the
right, and Cape May on th? left,
^niefe capes are 18 or ao mile* apart.
Delaware R. was called Cbihohocki
by the aboriginal*, and in cri old Nu-
renberg map i* named Zuvdt R. It
rifes by two principal branches in New-
York ftate. The northemmoft of which,
called the Mohawk's or Cook4ugv>
branch, rtfes in lake Uftayantho, lat.
4a. t$. and takes a S. W. courfe, and
.'tming S. eaftwardiyi it crol&s the
Pennfyivania line In ht. 41.} &hout 7
miles from >.£%ce, it receives the Po-
jKichton brar>n from the N. E. which
rife* in ibe Kaats Kill mountains.
Thenr.- it runs iuuthwatdly, until it
firikes the N. W. coiner of New-Jer-
I'ey, in lat. 41. 24.; and .' ,n pafles
oft to lea through .'Delawai'c bay { hav-
S!!g New-Jerfcy F,. and Pennfyivania
ajid >!)elaware W. The bay and -ivcr
are navigaUlf frpm the (^ up to the
great or hwcr falls at Trentpn^ 155
DEL
mild iwd are accommodated with bnoji^
and piera for the dii-edion and fi^ty «f
ftips. A 74 gun fl}ij> may go up to
Philadelphia, lao miles by the Slip
channel from the fea. The diftance
acrofs the land, in a S. E. courict to
New-Jerfey coaft, is but io milea.
Sloops go 35 miles al)ove Philadelphia,
to Trenton falls} boau t|iat carry 8
or 9 tons, 100 miles farther, and In-
dian canoes ijo niiles, except fcvoral
fmall ^lis or portages. For oihef
particulars relating to this river, See
HenleUh Moft Bombaj^IMk, Rudf I,
ScbuylktUt Lebigbt &c.
It is in contemplation to conneA the
waters of Cbefapeak bay with thofe of
Delaware R. by 4 different canals, via.
Elk R. with CbriAiana creek— Broad
creek, another branch with Red Lion
creek— >»ohemia, a third branch of the
Elk, with Apoquinemy creek} and
Chefter R. wi h Duck creek.
Delaware, a fmall river of Eaft
Florida. See Charlotte Haven.
Delaware, one of the United States
of N. America, is fituated between 38.
a9. 30. and ^9. 54. N. lat. and between
7 5 .and 7 5 . 48 . W . lone. bein^ in length
9» miles, and In breadth 14 miles— con-
taining 2000 fquare miles: or i,xoo,ooo
acres. It is bounded E. by the river and
bay of the fame name, and the Atlantic
ocean j on the S. by a line from Fene-
wick's ifland,.in N. Iat.38.t9. 30. drawn
W. till it interfefts what iu commonly
called the tamgeut line, dividing it from
the ftate of Man'Iand ; on the W. by
the faid tangent line, palHntt northward
up the peninfula, till it touches the wef-
tern part of the territorial circle ; and
thence on the N. by the faid circle, de-
fcribed with a radius of la miles about
the town of Newcaftle, which divides
this ftate from Pennfyivania. This
ftate derived its name from Lord De-La-
War, who was inftrunienln] in eftabliih-
ing the iirft fettlement of Virginia. It
is divided into 3 counties, Newcaftle,
Kent and SuflTex} whofe chief towns
arc Wilmington, Newciftle, Dover, and
LeweS' Dover is the feat of govern-
ment. The number of inhabirr..jts in
1790, was 59,094, of whom 887 were
ftaves.
The eaftem fide of the ftate is indcnt<^
ed with a large number of creeks, or
i'mnll livers, which generally have a
fliort courfe, ioh banks^ nifme}'o\ts
Moals,
Oifleh, and m fcirtwl witk m exten-
Ctve iMrflwct and empty i»t» the river
and bay of DelawaM. In ths «>uthcni
and wcOeni parts of this ftate, (bring the
head waters of Pocomokc, WicomicO)
Nanticoket Choptank* Cheftcr» Saflafiras
and Bohemi* rivers, all falling into Che.
fsuteak bi^i fome of them are naviga*
ble ao or )o miles into the country, for
veflels of 50 or 60 tons.
The ftate of Delaware, the upper
parts of the county of Newcaftle ex-
cepted, is, to fpeak ^nerally, low' and
leveK Large quantities of ftagnant
water, at particular feafims of the year,
overfpreaoing a great proportion of the
land, rrader it equally unfit for the pur.
pofett of agriculture, and ii^urious to
the health of the inhabitants. ^ The
ipine, or higheft ridge of the peninfula,
runs through the ftate of Delaware, in-
clined to the eaftem or Delaware fide.
tt is defignated in Suflfex, Kent, and
part of Newcaftle county, by a rmark.
able chain of fwamps, from which the
waters defcend on each fide, pafling on
the eaft to the Delavirare, and on the
weft to the Chefapeak. Man^ of the
ihrubs and plants, growing in thefe
fwam; , are fimilarto thole found on
the higheft mountains.
pebware is chiefly an agricultmol
ftate. It includes a very fertile traftof
country ; and fearcely any part of the
United States is letter adapted to
thediflerent purpofes of aspriculture, or
in which a great variety of the moft ufe*
ful produAions can be fo conveniently
and plentifully reared. The foil along
the JDelawaiv river, and from 8 to to
miles into the interior country, is gene-
rally a rich clay, producing large tim-
ber, and well adapted to the various
purpofes of agriculture. From thence
to the fwamps above mentioned, the
foil is light, Tandy and of an in&rior
quality/.
The ,^ncral afpe^l of the countty is
very favourable tor cultivation. Ex-
cepting fome of the upper parts of the
county' of Newcaftle, the furface of the
ftate lA very little broken or irregitlar.
The heighu of Chriftiana are lofty and
commanding ^ Come of the hills of Bran-
dywine are rough and ftonjr j but de-
fccnding from thefe, and a few others,
the lower country is fo little diverfified,
as almoft to form one extended plain.
|p the county of Newcaftle the foil con-
•1>'E1*
«B|r
fiftsof aAmqidi^') inKenlidw»itx
a confideraUe rondure of And } m^iHr
Sufl^, the quant^ of fiund ■MafidMr'
predomiaates. Wheat hr the tiMo^tf^
this ftate. It grows here in ftKh p«r*<
fe£lion as not only to be paiticiMrlf .:
fought by the manufaAurers of iottr
throughout the UnioQy bu id(b to W
diftinguifticd a«d preiiNmd, far itrfv"
perior aualities, m farcigi) markets^
This wneat peftfles an unconoMii Aft-;
nels and whitcneft, very favoaraUe to-
the nranufofturea of fupnrfine Boor;, and:
in other refpeAs far exceeds the hara
and flinty grains raifed in general on the
higher lands. Befides wheat, this ftato>
generally produces plentiful crops of'
Indian com, barly, rye, oats, flax, Midi-f
wheat, and {yMatoes. It aboiuida iA
natund and artificial meadows, contain-
ing a large variety of grafliss. Heiiipr,
cotton, and filk, if pnpwly attended
to, doubtlefs would flcarnH my wcU. •
The cotmty of Suffex, befides firo-^
ducing a confiderable quantity of gnbi,.-
particularly of Indian com, poOcflMt
excellent grating hmds. This couaiy::
alfo exports verylarae quantities tf Itnn^
bes-, obtauxd chie^ from an cMeofiva
fwarop, oflkd the Indian River 0/ C^«-
prefs Swamp, lying psriciy withhi tbif'
ftatr^ and partly in t'je ftate of Mary.>
land. This morafs extenda fuc miba-
from eaft to weft, and nearly twelve:
from :M>reh to fouth, including an area
of nearly fifty thouiand acres of land*
The whole of this fwamp is a high and)
level bafon, very wet, though undoubt-i
edly the higheft land between the fea
and the bay, whence the Pokomoke de>
fcends or. one fide, and Indian iUver
and St. Martinis on the other. Thia
fwamp crntains a great variety of p'antSt
uees wild beafts, birds and reptiles.
Almoft the whole of the foreign ex-
ports of I)elaware are from Wilminffton >;
the trade from this ftate to Phi!ddeiphia
is great, being the princijpal fource;
whence that city draws its ftaple com-
modity. No lefs than 165,000 barrrla
of flour, 300,000 buftieU of wheat,
170,000 huftiels of Indian com« befidea
barley, oats, flax-feed, paper, flit iron,
fnufT, falted provifions, &c< 2cc. to »
very confiderable amount, are annually
Tent from the waters of the Delaware
ftate ; of which the ChriUiana is by far
the moft produ£tive, and probably many
times as much lb as uiy other cre«k or
1 4. river
-N
ilMiMtobi«»M»«f fttiMv M* <dwr ar-
linnii Mii^ cii^tff Ma'^nponi' iMf dWek |
«M niniffilftund Ml itt nditfietA bnnk«
MSMn t«ro«» riiNeimfcs of f he naviga-
tlM. AnMrtKoillcrbMinckeaof indaf-
trf< cmrdM, « aMi new WUminffton,
ate, a aottoe aMnufiiftorf , (lately how-
cv«rtNMfM>) a baktm etoHi itiaHufiic-
tstfy'haa ktdjr been emItliflMd by an in<
gmom BufO|teaii i botb ef %>Ki«li liaTe
ynmiM ftir M b« a laMng adfantage ftontt, all of (be erior dimcnfKms* ;
tiitlMKooimtiy. IpthecMiityof New- excellent conftramon. The{efflill9
Aipei'fihdf 4^'^* <6irti*>B»" w^ w.
ntidinii^, tua 146 db. ftb Ihm. The
imMtiftaurtf of lour It cmM ro li M^^
er dtpte of pd^aloit in tliir V«Ve Waii^;
in uny otbir hi the tTtrfiinl Bdidds the
weH Sbnftruftwi iWfl* ort RW efey Xnd
White chiy ei^lts, ami other weitsit
in «RfRtent i>arta of th« ftite, the tdt-
brated edleCHon of mlt!s ii Snutdy-
wine merit a particular d^rcflptipn..
Here ani to be reen, at one view, 1 %
merchant mills (befi<5e»i ft wrtiill) which
have double that nutnbcr of pairs of
....... - jjjjj
are
«ailit ai»f««efalftilliiig^lnill«, two fViufF-
i*Hl»» one flittiMwiiiilVAnir paper*millt,
and fitty niillifev grinding nttin, all of
^iiharetonMd by water. Bot though
WiMfiagtoif and its nei^bourhood are
yivAnUy ahvady the great«ft feat of
itannfafturct Ih the United States^ yet
thMT are capable of being miich improv-
ed in this Tcfpeft) *• thir country in hilly
Wid abemndA with running water ) the
'Bruidywine alene mi^t, «rith a mode-
Atteeapettft, wiien compared with the
olfift, be brought to the top of the hill
•poa whieh Wilmington ts (ituated,
whereby a fall AnScient Lr forty mills,
in additiitn to thoft already biiilt, would
ba obtained. The heights near Wil-
affbfd a mimMT of agreeable
Is } from Ibme of which may be
the town, the adjacent mridows,
and four adjoining ftates. No regular
Recount of the births and burials has
been keft, bat the place is healthy.
The number of children under fixteen,
H probably equal to that of any town
#htch is not more populous, and, ac-
farding to an accurate account taken
ch^year 1794, there were upwards of t(So
pcTions above 60 years old. The legif*
latare of this l^ate, in 1796, palled an
a£( to incorporate a Ixink in this town.
There is no college in this ftate. There
is an academy at Newark, incorporated
in 1760. Tne legiflatiire, during their
lUAsn In jHnuary 1796, pafleU an afl to
ereate a fund for the eftabliftnnent of
fehools throughout the ftate.
Wheat is the ftaple commodity of
this ilate. This is manufaAured into
llour and exported in large quantities.
The exports from the port of Wilming-
ton, where a numb'A' of fquare rigged
^Iftls are owned, foe th» year i7«<, in
the artiek of flour, WM aoiyS j bartcli
3 mile- from the mcaith of the creefc 611-
which they ftawJ, half a mile frbm Wil-
mington, and u7 from Pliiladeiphia, on
tlie poft roftd from the eaftem to the
foiithem ftafis. They are crfled the
Brandy wine mills, from the ftream on
which they are erefted. This ftream rifea
newr the Welch mountains in Pennfyl-
vania, and after a winding coorfe of 30
or 40 miles through falls, which fumilh
numerous feats (t 30 of which ait ahra-
dy occupied) for evesy fpecies of water
works, empties into Chnftiana creek,
near Wilmington. The quantity of
wheat muinfMlured at thefe mills, an-
nually, is'not accurately afcertained, It
iseftimated, however, by the beft in-
formed on the ftib|e£l, that thefe mills
can grind 400,000 bulhels in a year^
But altlK>u^ they are capable of manu-
ia6luring this quantity yearly, yet from
the difficulty of procuring a permanent
Atpply of ffrain, the inability of the
ik>ur market and other circumftances,
there are not commonly more than from
about 190 to 300,000 bulhels of virheat
and com manufactured here annually.
In the fail < • 7«9» end fpring of 1 790,
there were made a( the Brandywine
mills 50,009 barrels of AmerHne flour,
1354 do. of common, 400 do. middling,
as manyof Ihip ftufF, and apoo do. cpin
meal. The quantity oF wheat and dom
ground, from which this flour^, &c. was
made, was 308,000 bufheU, equal to the
export of thofe articles from the port df
Philadelphia for the fame year.
Thefe mills give employ to about aoo
)>erfons, viz. about 40 to tend the mills,
from 50 to 70 coopers to make caflcs for
the flour, a fufficient number to inan la
floops of about 30 tons each, which are
employed in the tranfportation of the
vrbenc and floar, x\u rtft U various
other
m
<Mlier occnjmHon* cooneAcd With thv
mills. The navigation quite to thefe
mill* U Aich, that a ¥<.flel carrying
>ode iMiAwlvof wheat may be laid alonfr
IMe of any of tliefe mills j and befide
AMneofthem the water is of fufficient
depth to admit veflels of twice the
above fize. The veffels arc unloaded
with aftonifhing expedition. There have
been inftances t>f looo bufltels being car-
ried to the heightof 4ftories in 4 hours.
It is frequently the cafe that veffels
with 1000 bufhels of wheat come up
with flood tide, r.nladc and go away the
fucceedtng ebb with 300 barrels of flour
on board. In confequence of the ma.
chines introduced by the ingenious Mr.
Oliver Evans, three quarters of the
manual labour before found neceflary is
now I'ttfficient for every purpofe. By
means of thefe machines^ when made
ui^ 3f in the full extent prapofed by the
inventor, the wheat will be received on
the flullop's deck—- thence canied to
the upper loft of the mill— <ind a con-
fidt:rable portion of the fame returned
in flour on the lower floor, ready for
packing, without the afliltance of ma-
nual labour but in a very fmall degree,
ill proportion to the bufmefs done. The
tranfportation of flour from the mills to
the port of Wilmington, does not re-
quire half an hour ; and it is fi-equenily
the caf^ that a carzo is taken from the
mills and delivered at Philadelphia the
fame day. The fituation of thefe mills
is veiy pleafant and healthful. The flrll
mill was built here about 50 years fince.
There is now a fmall town of 40 houfes,
principally ftone and brick, which, to-
gether with the mills and the veflelk
loading and unloading befide them, fur.
nifli a charming profpe6l from the
bridge, firom whence they are all in full
view.
Bcfiiles the wheat and flour trade,
this date exports lumber and various
ptlier articles. The amount of exports
from the year ending September 30th,
1791, was 119,878 dollars, 93 cents-
ditto i79«, 133,971 dollars, «7 cents-
ditto 1793, 93,SS9 dollars, 45 cents-
ditto 1794, 207,985 dollars, 31 cents-
ditto 1795, 158,041 dollars, 21 cents.
^ In this ftate there is a variety of re-
ligiouft denominations. Of the Preiby-
terian feft, there are 14 churches— of the
Epifcopal 14— of the Baptlft, 7— of the
Methodifts^ a coniiderable number) ef-
peektfy in the two< lowir 46MM* «f
KLent and Sufien^ the mOnbcr of tlHiP
churches if Mt e«aaiy i^MrtiAMd^ ■•.
fides thefe there is' a SwuMi ckfwdi'iir
Wilmington, wMch is cbe oC tlw dMI'
chorches in the United StttH^ ' > ' M
There we few^ miBefite &t HMk fmtui
except iron} larj^e ^uaniiticft^'«f InmI
iron ore, very fit tor caflftigt j «fe faunJ
in SulTex eok amonr the brmehe* ef
Nanticoke R. Before the revi^tie^
■this ore was worked to a gK«t emount f
but this bufuiels has Mice declined*
Wheat and lumber are the ftaple com-
modities of this Itate. The other iirtiw -
cles of produce and manufaAutc, mn
Indian com, barley, oats, fiax-fced* felt*
ed provifions, paper, flit iron* ihirfF, &e.
Settlements were made hetv^ by the
Dutch about the year i«i), -md bf th«
Swedes about the year f^7. - Thek
fettlements were comprehended la- the
grant to the duke of Yei^kf nnd Wik
iiam Penn united them to ki» go*cro«>
ment by purchafe. They went alMf^
wards feparated, in fome tneafitn^ ijaoni
Pennfylvania, and detiomimted <ihi
Three Lower Coutitiet. They had «he«
own aflemblies, but the govcrnai^«f
Pennfylvania ufed to attend, as he 4ii
in his own proper go¥cmnient. At ihi
late revolution, the three coMties wcri
erected into a ibvereign ftale } aikl haNH
eflahliflied a repnblioan conftteotionl^
Delaware Co. in Pennfylvanh^ if
S. W. of Philadelphia co. onDehnnKs .
river. It is about if miles in ki^i^
and 15 in breadth, containing tij,«oo
acres, and fubdivided intot^townfliiBS^
the chief of which is Chclter. The
number of inhabitants is 9,4)13. The
lands bordering on the Delaware ire
low, and afibrd excellent meadow and
pafturage j and are guarded from inom
dations by mounds of earth or dykes»
which are Ibmetimes bi-r.ken down in
extraordinary freflies in the K. If this
happens before cutting the grafs, the
crop of hay is-lo(t for that feafon, an4
the i-eparation of the breaches is ex-
penfive to the proprietors. Great num^
hers of cattle are brouglit here from the
weftern parts of Virginia, and North*
Carolina, to be fattened for fupplyii^
the PI iladelphia market.
Dei AWARE, a new county in the
(late of New. York, on the hemi waters
of Delaware f^vcTf taken fromOtl(|[»
^ounty^
DSLAWAfti»
i|lt 0EM
*vJ3lKI.AW4>K«» ft townfliip ia, Mlorth-
«MiMN»co. Pomfylvanui.
TOii.AWAiiBi, an Indian nation fbr>
wtKly aumeroiM and powtiful, and
"^rImi Mfcfled part of Pennfylvania,
New.Jerfejr and New. York. This
ipMMiMiftdoulnkfa given them by the
Bwopcami ibr they call tbemfelvea
Jxmiknxpet diat i>» Indian men { or
Woapaoachky* which 4ignifi««'a pec
pit living toward* the rifing fun. They
•ow reAdo about half way between lake
Rnc mmI Ohio R. They are an inge-
nioaaand intelligent people { and like
At 8tx Nationii, are celebrated for
thMr-coMnge» peaceable difpofltion* and
powcrinl alliances. Almoft all the
neighbouring nations are in league with
tham» efipecially the Mahikan, Shaw-
Mwe«» Cherokcea, Twichtwees, Waw>
iaaktanos, Kikapua, Monikos, Tucka-
cb(has» Cbippeways» Otuwas, Pute>
vMMtaimes, and Kalkaikiav. The Del.
nwares were lately hoilile» but made
peace with the United States, 17951
and ceded fome lands. The United
States, on the other hand, have en-
gaged to pay them in goods, to the
^■e of 1000 dollars a yeiu' for ever.
Twenty years ago, the Delaware* could
fafnilli 600 warriors ; but their num-
ber i> confiderably decreajfed by war
ince that time.
Dklivmancb, Caps, is the S.E.
pmnt of the land of Louifiade. Bou-
gainville was here, and named it in 1 768..
, 0tL RiY, a captainship in the fouth-
em divifion of Brazil, whole chief town
ia Sr. Salvadore.
DcuSpiaiTii Santo, a river which
fiilla into he gulf of Mexico, at the N.
W. cnt^ •■ '' '. peninfula of Floriiia.
Dint , a river in Dutch Guia-
na, in tf. .^rica, is about two miles
wide at it>< mouth, op)x>fite the lort.
Ml the E. bank of the river, and about
4; miles 'iiilant from Abary creek.
It is fcarcely a mile wkle, la miles
above the fort ; and its courfe is ftom S.
to N. It is navigable upwards of aoo
miles for veflfeU which can puis the bar
at its mouth, which is a mod bank,
not Iiaving above 14 tcet at the higheft
tides. The diiference between high
and low water mark, is from 10 to la
f«et. The foi't, if properly fuppjied
with men and ammunition, is able ef>
dually to fp.nn\ its entrance. Stae-
brocck, t^e lent of govemmcutt (tands
D E N^
on the E. fide of the rtvcr» i| mile*
above the fort.
DBMBRAaA,adiftriA in Dutch GuU
ana, which, together whh Eflcqucbot
form one govcinment, and have the
fame court of police, but each hua
fcparate court of jufiice. The two
diftriAa contaui iibout 3000 whitca
and 40,000 flaves. Demerara R. which
gives name to the diftriA, pafles thro*
It, and is ufually vifitcd by 40 or 50
large diips ft-om Holland, who often
make two voysiges in a year, befidea
upwards of 150 fmaller veflels, undei'
the Dutch and other flass. The plan-
tations ar^ rtgularly hiid out in lota
along the fea-fliore, calkd iafades»
about a quarter of a mile wide, and
extending ^ths of a mile back into the
country. Each lot contains about ss<*
acres each { and when fully cultivated,
the proprietor may obtain a fimilar
tra^V back of the &m, and &ton in pro-
greflion. Each lot will contaui iao,ooo
cotton trees, averaging uliially half a
pound a tree. Such a plantation ia
reckoned well ftocked to nave lae ne-
groes. The ibores of the rivers and
creeks are chiefly planted with cotfee,
to the diftance w about 30 miles firom
the fea; thence 30 miles further up»
the foil becomes clayey and more fit for
fugar canes. Beyond this, the fineft
kinds of wood, for building, furniture,
tec. are cut. See DtUcb Anitriea.
Demi-Qvian, a river, iWamp and
lake on the weftern fide of lUincis R. in
the N. W. tenitory. The river runs a
S. S. E. courfe, is navigable iso miles,
and has the fwamp of its name on the
northern bank near i^ mouth } which
laft is 50 yards wide, %% miles above
Sapamond, and 165 miles above the
MifTAppi. I'he lake is of a circular
form, zoo yards W. of the river, is 6
miles acrofs, and empties into the Illi-
nois by a Imall pafla^ 4 feet deep, 174^
miles from the Miflihppi. ,
Denney's Rmeft diftri£l of Mairie,
aa miles £. of Machias. The country
between this river and Machias, in 1 794,
was a wilderncfs. The banks of the
river were at th\s time thinly fettled by
a regular and well difpofed people.
Dennis, a part of Yarmouth in Barh-
(lable CO, MaUachufetts, which was in-
corporated into a towiifhip in 1793.
Denton, the chief town of Caroline
CO. in Maryland { ^tuated 00 th( E« fi^t*^
of
DES
^CIwp(MBk entk, the E. oMittbnmeh
•i Cbovtink R. It u laki cut reauUur.
)]r, aiwl bM > ^ '^(^f* Md lict 7
milet S.of Graeniborougbi and S7 S.
S. E of Chefter.
OBrrroKDf a townOiip in Oloncef-
ter CO. New- Jerfey.
DiKlY, a townfttp in. Orleana co.
Vermont, on the N. line of the ftate, on
the E. fliOK of lake Memphremagog^
Dekbv, a town in New-Haven co.
Conne£licMt, on the point of land
formed by the confluence of Nauga-
tuck and Houfatonick iivera. Thia
town was fettled in 1665, under New-
Haven juri(diAion, and it now divided
into two pariflies, and has an acad<!fny
in its infancy. It has a confiderable
trade with the Weft-Indies for fo
finall town, and a number of mills on
the falls of Naugatuck, and ftreams
which fall irto it, and iron and otiier
works on Eight-mile R. which falls in-
to the Stratford. The Stratford or Hou-
fatonick R* if navigable i» miles to
this town.
Derby, ? town in Chefter co. Penn-
sylvania, 7 miles Arom Chefter, and 5
from Philadelphia. It is fuuated on
Derby ereek* which empties into Dela-
waie river, near Chefter.
Debby, a town(hip in Dauphin .co.
Pennfylvania, fituated on the E. Hde of
Swateca^creek, % miles above its cvx
£uence with the Sufquehannah, and
celebrated for its cuiious cave. See
Derby, a townfhip on Sufquehan-
nah R. in Pennfylvania. There are
two other townlhr>s of the farnie name
in Pennfylvania { the one in Mifflin co.
the other in that of Weftnnoreland.
DERBrriEta, a townfhip in Ncw-
HampOiire, on the £. bank of Merri-
mack R. HiliAorough co. containing
361 inhabitants, and was incorporated
in 1751} the foil is hut indifferent.
It is 4.9 miles W. of Portfmouth.
De8a<^adero, a riirer in Peru, S.
ilmerica, over which the Ynea Huana
Capac built a bridge of flags and nifties,
to tranfport his army to the other fide,
and which remained a few yearn Hnce.
DBtfBAOA, DfJSrada, or DefiJera-
ittt the firft of the Caribbee iftands,
difcovered by Columbus in hisftrcond
^yage» snno 1494, when he gave it
that name. It is fituated E. of Guadn-
^ujpe, and fubjeft to the FftjPfch i and
DET t^
it of little Mi^venee ttui^ in tiaiB
of war, when it it the relfart of a nani!*
ber of privattcrt. It is to mika \ung u4
5broadfand looks at adiftuiiceltk«afdb>
lev, with a bw point at the N. W. end.
tIm SpanUidt make thit in their wajr
to Americat at well as Gnadalonpt*
N. lat. if. 40. W. kMg. 6t. ao*
DBtBADA, orCIiqk Dc/Sirv, the finitk-
em point of the ilraitt of hfagcUant ,te
S. America, at the entrance of the Soutk
Sea. S. lat. 53. 4. long. 74. it* W.
Desbit Island, Mount, en th»
coaft of the diftria of Maine, Maflh-
chufetts, contains about aoo famiUet*
divided into two different fettleroenttt
about I % miles apart.
Dbsbspoib, CafCt or Defimr, onthi
northern fide of Clialeur Bay, is about
3 leagues weft-fouth-weft of Bonaven-
ture Ifland. There it a large tod f '
ery here.
DaspAiR, a bay tm the S.
fide of Newfoundland ifland, adjoining
to Fortune bay on the N. eaftwavdf
which fee..
Detour deb Anolois, or EngS^i
Turn, is a circular direction of the river
Mifliiippi, lb very confiderable, that re(^
fels cannot pafs it with the fame wiHul
that conduaed them to it, and m«^
either wait for a favourable wind, oc
make faft to the bank, and haul clof«|
there being fuflicient depth of water for
any veflt:! that can enter (he river. Tlift
two forts and batteries at thit place 00
both fides the river, are more tlum fuffi-
cient to ftop the progrefs of any vefltj
whatever. Dr. Cox, of New- Jerfey, a(l
cended the Miflifippi to this place, anm»
1698, took |K)fle(i[ion and called the
country Carolina. It lies 1 8 milea be*
low >few-Orltans, and 8; above the
Balixe. The banks of the river are fet*
tied and well cultivated from this to
New- Orleans, and there is a good road
for carriages all the way.
D'Etroit, oneof the principal towns,
and beft fbrtificJ, in the N. W. territo-
ry ; fituated on the weftern bapk of the
(Irait St. Clair, or O'Etroit R. between
lake Erie and lake St. Clair } 18 milet
N. of the W. end of the former, and 9
miles helow ihe latter. Fort D'Etroit it
of an oblong figure, built with ftockades,
and advantageuufly fituated, with bne
entire fide commanding the river. It it
near a mile in circumference, and en*
clo|ies about 300 wooden houiiea and a
Roman
m^
» ET
Oi^lic church } hiillt in a n-
mmmcr, with parallel ftreers,
each Mher at right aneks. Its
I it 4ltUshtfttl, and in the centre
«f •plenfinitaadfruitftilcovntry. Fori
•iBee h^w» and the fame d iflanee above
V«vt'D*BtK>tr, en hoth fideeof the river,
the country it divided into t'egtilur and
imU cvltivared pUntationa { and from
the contievity of the dinner's hoiiret
lo each other, they apf)ear at two long
ejrten d e il vjllaaea. The inhabitants,
Wrho^were mottly French, were about
:«oiiift in mmiber in i77l» 500 of whom
ea art a* good marfcfmen at the Indians
iHemlcivee j and at well accnftomcd to
the woods. They raile large (locks ot
ilkdt -cattle, and great quantities of
^Mm, which they fl:rind by wind mills,
end manuia^re into excellent flour.
^1^ chief tiwli' of D'Ftroit conlids in a
barter of conrfe European goods with the
Itttfvea for ftirs, deer-flclns, tallow, ^c.
i- By the treaty of Greenville, Aug. 5,
§ff$i the Indians hnve ceded to the
United States the pcft of D'Etroit, and
ill the Unci to the N. the W. and the ^.
•f ity of which the Indian title has been
ffKHngiiifne<t by gifts or granta to the
iVcnch or Englifh governments, and fo
inach more land i* to be annexed to
i) Etroit at (hall be comprehended be-
|wten Rofiiie R. on the S. ) lake St
Clair on the N. ; and a line the general
•dnrfe whereot fliall be 6 miles from the
SV.cndof lake Erie and D'Etroit river.
The f:)rt, Stc. was delivered op by the
llrtnfh in July, 1796, according to trca-
tfk It lies ti miles N. of lake Erie,
784 N. W. by W. from Philadelphia.
M. lat. 4a. 40. W. long. ^x. 56.
D*ETROiT^w^r, or Strait of St.
Gair, flowt from like St. Clair into
the W. end' of lake Eiie, forming part
•f the boundary l>etween the United
Slatca and Upper Canada. In afcend-
ing it, its entrance is more than 3 miles
«nde, but it perceptibly diminifhes} (6
ciwt oppofite the fort, i3 miles from
lake Erie, i* does not exceed half a
anile ill width ; from thtnce to lake St.
Clair it wklens to more than a mile.
The channel of the ftrait it gentle, and
^ide and deep enough for (hipping of
Urcat burden, although it it incommod-
ed by ieverai iflandc, one of which is
nore thm feven milet in length. Thefe
jAanda an of a fertile foil, and from
their fttvation afford a very agreeably,
appearanec. The length o^ the riterjt
it milet ) and leveril itreama All int6
it chiefly from the N. W. via. Batiche,
Clora, Currlac, D'Etroit, fend Hiirai|i
rivers.
Diyrt** Mktttbt a name glVen bv
failors to a frightful volcano, near I^n
Nicaragiiay» in New- Spa in, featrd near
the lake. N.Iat. i). to.W. long»65. 10.
DBViL't iftfitt a promontory on the
S. Itde of lake OMtarto, 16 mika E. of
FiOiing bay, and a 3 N. W. of the
mouth of Genellee river.
Devil's Iflatult on the E: (ide 'cf
Chefioeak bay, is in Somerfet co. Ma-
ry Inrnf, between Filhing bay and Nano.
kin river.
Dewaert, an inconfiderable ifland
lying at fome dilbnce E. of Terra Ma-
gellanica, S. America. It had its natne
1rom the llrft difcoverer.
Dewee, an ifland in South-Carolina,
which forma one of the three harbours
of Charleftown city.
Diamond, or Ramiti ifiandt one of
the Grcnadillea, in the W . Indict. See
RhonJt ifle.
Dickenson College, See CarKjh,
in Pennlylvania.
DiCK's H. in Kentueky» it a branch
of Kentucky R. which it jloint in a
N. W. dtre^ion. It it about 50 miles
long, and 4.5 yards wide at the mouth,
ami hat a luimber of excel lent miU featt,
hnd runs through a body of firft rate
land.
DiCKWASSET, or DigJignaJi, a
river, in the Briti<h province of New-
Bnmfwick, which emptiet into Paffii-
maquoddy bay.
DiEP Town, or Deep TV;***, a town
on the N. weftem lide of the ifland of
St. Chriftopher't, in the Weft-Indies,
lying on a bay of the fame name.
DiGBY, fituated on the S. £. fide of
Aimapolis bay, 18 milet S.W. of An-
napolis, and 53 N. byE. of Yarmouth,
is one of the moft confiderable of the
new fettlements of Nova-Scotia.
Dice E 8 G>^, onthe S.fide of Hud>
fbn ftraits, N. lat.6t.4T.W.long.7S.50.
DioHTON, a poft town in Briftol co.
MatTachnfetts, 7 miles from Taunton,
and ao from Warren, in Rhode-Ifland.
There are «36 houlies in the townfliip,
and 1793 inhabitants.
DtNwiD.DiB, a CO. in Virginia, S. of
Appamatto]^ R. which dividet it from
Cheliet ficldi ](t it abovt 30 milet long,
ai\A
mk Ml*CNid» ujA if chief town >
Pcterftorg* „
. DisAfMi^fMSNTrabavontheN.
W. coaft «f W* America. N. lat. s».
15. W. long. H9' . ^ -. .
OitMAi.» sfwanip m the townfhip of
Miltois Lincohi co. diAnA oi' Mniiu.
DtsMAt Stuamp, tailed the Grett
Dr/nyrit to diitinguiOi it from tnother
fwamp called Difmal, in Currituck co.
it a very large bog extending from N.
to S. near 30 miles, and iirom £. to W.
at a medium about 10 miles; partly in
Virginia, and partly m North-Carolina.
No lei's than 5 navigable rivers, befides
creeks, rife out of it } whereof two run
into Vii^n'«,vi«. the S. bi-anch of Eli-
zabeth, and the S. branch of Nani'e-
mond river,' and 3 into North Carolina,
namely, Ni R. North-Wcft R. and
Perquimont. All theie hide their heads,
property fpeakit^g, in the Diihinl, there
being no figns of them above gra>.ind.
For this reafon there muft be plentiful
Aibterraneous ftorss of water to feed To
many J-ivers, or elfe the foil is To replete
with this element drained from the
highlands that furrouiid it, that it can
abundantly affonl thefe fupplies. This
is siioft probable, as the ground of the
fwamp IS a mere auagmire, ti-embling
under the feet of thole that walk upon
it, and every impreilion is inftantiy Ailed
with water. The flcirts of the twamp,
towards the E. are overgrown with reeds,
lo or IS i«et high, interfpetfed every
nlief^ with ftrong bamboo ohars. A-
niong thefe grow here and there a cyprefs
or white ceciar which laft is commonly
miAaken for the juniper. 1'owaitls the
S. end of it it a large traft of reeds,
which being conftantly green, and wa-
ving in the wind is called the green lea.
In many parts, elpecially on the bor-
ders, crrows an ever gret-n flu'ub, very
Klentlhtlly, called the gall bufh. It
ears a beiry which dies a black colour
like the gait of an oak, whence it has
its name. Near the middle of the Dif-
nial the trees grow much thicker, both
cyprefs and ceciar. Thele being always
green, and loaded with very large tops,
are much expofed to the wind and eaiily
blown down, the boggy ground af-
fording but a (Iti)der hold to the roots.
Neither beaft, bird, infe^, or reptile, ap-
proach the heart of this horrible defert ;
perhaps deterred by the everlalting
ihade, eccafioned by tht ^ick Arubs
««■
:Di r
wKJ'kvAiM u^i«h the Am *cni«i
penetratt, to warn the can^t ntt,imi
dfoed do any birds care to ~%-«Nr il^
any more than they ai« faii to^lo ovar
the lake Avcmus, £Mr fcar •£< the aaU
fqme exhalations tliat rife from tbia vidl
body of filth and naftinefs. XhcfenosN
ious vapours infeft thrair round ahoui^
giving agties and other diftemjpen to
the neighbouring inhabitaatt. On th»
weftern border ^ the Difinal b a piai
fwamp, above a mile in brendtkt ffreat
part of which is covered i.~^wittar
knee deep } the bottom, howerer« it
firm, and the pines grow very tall, uidi
are not eafily blown down by tketwiad.
With all thefe difaiirantages, the Dif;.
mat is, in many places pleafmg to ihe
eye, though difagreeabie to the otkeir
feniee.
This dreadful fwamp was judfcd im*
SiafTable, till the line, dividing Virginis
i'om N. Carolina, was carriM tkrooght
it, in N. lat. 36, aS. in the year I7a8,
by order of king George II. Althotif^
it hapiiened then to be a ' very dry iea«
fon, the men who were employed i»
pufhing the line were not alto^ther
free from apprehennons of beine ftarr..
ed I it being ,0 whole days berare tkt
work was ^..-complifhed, though t!<0pr
proceeded with ^^U poffible diU|;cnc« axA
refolution, and befidet had aoilt^iAferto
retard them.
This fwamp is chiefly vnmtd ^hf
two companies. The Virginia comu
pany, of which General Wafltingta»
IS <iae, owns tob,ooo acres t the Nordi>
Carolina company owns 40,000 acitit«'
In the midft of the fwamp i«,a> lake»
about 7 miles long, called Drummgnd'e
pond, -rAwCe waters difchnrge them«.
iVIves to the S. into Pafquotank river^
which empties into Albemarle found |
on the N. into Elizabeth and Nanfe«'
niond rivers, which fall into James K.
A navigable canal is now digging to
conne£l the navignbie waters of the
Pafquotank <tixl Elizabeth rivers. The
diftance aboiit 14 miles. This canal
will pill's about a mile E. of Dnim-
mond's pond, and will receive water*
rrom it. The Canal company are in-
corporated by the concurring laws of'
Virginia and North-Carolina. Thisca-*i
nal, when finifhed, will open an inland-^
navigation from the head of Che£|ie«fe
hay, including all the rivers in Vtrntiiv,
to Georgetown in South-C«ts>Iiati ; wait
Vrhcn
t4t DOH
iriMi tha fliort ami Ama Elk rhrcr t»
Ci M riiiMw craak it opmcd, the commu-
akatkNi will atend to Philadelphia
aad the other ports conncAed with De-
feniari river. Such an extenfiVe inland
•oaMmaication muft be beneficial in
lime of peace, and in tinx of war will
|« eftatially fenriceable.
DixomV Smuidt on the N. W.«oaft
•f N. America, \% the paiGige into the
tend between the main laffd and
WaflUafton't or Queen Charlotte*s id-
aade» fimn the N. W. Thia fetme to
ht what ik called in America BarreUs^
Smmi% ".ichTee.
ronu'i #1(177, ^" Hudfon river, t« %i
ailet above New. York city.
DoB»VCa. in Ncwbem diftiia, N,
Canlinay has been dlvi(<«d into two
( ou ttiea, vit. Giafgow and Lenoir, fincc
•MCsenttia ot' X790, and the name no
longer exifta. It contained 6893 ia>
habitantt, of whom 191 5 were Have*.
DOG'i ^nd, on<; of the fmaller
Vii^in iHandt, fituated on the weft of
Virgin Corda, and £. of Toitula. N.
lat. 18. so.- W. long. 6x. 5;.
i)00-RlBBeD imiiam, inhabit round
lake Elande, in the N. W. part of N.
America. They are often at war with
the Arathapeicow Imiians. Both thefe
liribes are amei^ the moft lavage of the
Inimaa nsce* They trade with the
Hudlbn bay Conrpany's fcttleinents.
Edlande, lake lies N. of th« Arathapef-
oow Tea, or lake, and near the arAic
circle.
Domingo, St. an ifland in the At>
lanrtc ocean, at the entrance of the gulf
of Mexico, is one of the four great An>
tiliet, the hrgeft of them all, extept the
ifland of Cudj, and provetl tlie cradle
of Euro/ran power in thf new world.
Cbriftwher Columbus landed on it the
6th of I>ee. I49s> The natives called
it tiayli, fignifying hiVh or mountainous
land. Cbarievoix fays it was called
Hjuifqueyat that is, great country, or
mother of countries. Others tay it had
the name of Bijhio, which meaps, a
CKnmtry full of habitations and villages.
Columbus called it Hi/pattiela, or Little
Spain, which name the Spaniaius ftill
■Main, though St. Domingo is the name
commonly ufcd by other nations; lb
Jeallcd fr»a St, Dumit^p, the capital of
the Spanilb pait ; which was thus nam-
ed by i.'<^ttfrbtts in honour of his fit-
dM». it* Oeauitijo k Utuatcd bcLwsec
DOM
17. 55. andao. N. laritoda, n
71. and 77. W. kmritude fiwnParia*
It lies 45 leaguta E. N. E. of lamaiea,
as 8. E. of Cuba, and so N. W.by W#
of Porto Rico { and is, not including that
Anall dependent Iflands that fiinround it,
t(So leagues long from E. to W. and
from €0 to 70 oroad from N. to S«
When the Spaniards difcovered the ifl-
and, there were on it at leaft a million
of happy inhabitants, and Bartholomew
de his CaAs, Ihys there were three mil-
lions. Such, however, were the cruel-
ties of the Spaniards, uxl to fuch an in-
famous height did they carry their op
preflion of the ;;;oor ratines, that they
were reduced to 60,000 iu the kliort
ipi>C(' 0/ 1 5 years 1 It formed five khie-
doms, ciich governed by fovereigns call-
ed caciques. The names of th«e king-
doms were Maqua Uaritn, Higutty,
Maguaua, and Asn^i^ajf. The Spa-
niards had pofltsflion of iU* whole of the
ifland for i so years. At l.nl, nbout the
year 1630, 3 handful of Englifli, trench,
and other Europeans, came and forced,
them to fight in its defence, and after
repeated wais for 50 years, they were
forced to divide the ifland with the
French. Thefe latter, being the only
furvivors of the firft free hooters or buc-
caniera, or hitving infenftbly acquired
an afcendeitcy amone them, had* fo
early as 1640, formed this aflcmbly of
individuals, bom under the domina-
tion of almoft ail the powers of Eu-
rope, into a French colony, nnder the
direction of the general government,
firft eftfMiflied at St. Chrii)opher*s, and-
afterwards at Martinico. Ijic Spanifli
part is by far the moft rxtenf.ve and the
moft fertile; that of the French Uie
heft cultivated. The whctf: ifland now
belongs to the' French r^^public, the
Spaniards having- ceded t'.ieir put of it
to that power in the tier.ty ef 179$'
The SjiSniards, however ungrateful
to the dilcovercr of the new worldvdu-
ring his life, would not leavr hiiduft
out of their territories. The remams of
Columbus, who diei'. the toth of Mny,
1506, ■.ver<' firft dtpofited in Seville, a/-
terwar:it •'emoved to the cathci'i al in the
city of St. Domirf^fo, and laftly -^^nveyed
to the Havsiinah in a 74 gun Aiip;
and on die 19th of January, 1796, all
that was mortal of tiiat great man, was
committed to the earth the third time,
with greittt parride and ceremony.
Tiic
D'O M
■ The foHowifig partiailtrt f^lating to
thii Ikmow ifland are founded on the
beft authorhy, and many circumftaneee
reouire a ^paratt view of the two ani.
ficial divillons of the ifland, viz. the
French and Spanifli territoriet, before
they were tmitcd under one head. They
are both alike in poAeiDng the varioue
nroiliK^iona common to the W. Indies.
The European cattle are fo multiplied
here that they run wild in the woods {
few of theCe are in the French part in
comparifbn with the Spanifli.
The two Rreiit chaina of monntains,
which extend from E. to W. and their
numeroiia fpurs, give the illand an afpeA,
at a diftance, not fo favourable ai it de-
(ervei. They are, however, the caufe
of the fertility of the idand . They give
fotirce to innumerable rivers, repel the
violence of the winds, varv the tempera-
ture of the air, and multiply the re-
fources of human induitry. They
abound with excellent timber, ^nd mines
of iron, lead, copper, filver, gold, Ibme
precious ftones, and even mercury.—
With refpe£i to the vegetable clnl's in
this ifland, it would be difficult, even
in a work devoted to the iubje^, to
exprefs or paint all their majefty. Here
are the mountains of Cibao, SelU, and
Hotttf reckoned looo fathoms aliovethe
level of the iea. In the bowels of the
firtt, the cruel Spaniards condemned
thoufands of the natives, to lacnfice
their lives, in ftarch of gold. Tlie
mines are not now workei), although
Valvardr thinks they might be to advan>
tage. In the plains, in the Spnnini
part, the heat is nearly uniform, hut
varies in proportion to theirdiilance irom
the mountains. In the plains, the ther-
mometer 's fbmetimes at ^9. In the
mountaih it rarely rifes a'niVc! 7«, or
77. There iiie nights are cool enotigli
to render a blanket not unwc!''omie j and
there are mountains where even a fire is
a very agreeable companion in fome
ever, in is. The contrail of violent hears
'.nd jcavy rains renders St. Domingo
h'.inid ; hence the tarnifhed appearance
of alinoit all metals, however brilliant
the ,pt)lifli they may 01 IginaHy have had.
This is particularly oblcrvable t n the
fea fliore, which is more unhealthy than
the interior parts of the ifland. The
foutheri? part of the ifland is pretty
much fubjeft to hurricanes, c^lled here
iouthern gales, becaulc ihey are not at-
n & M
HS
tended with flich dretelful cdnftqnences
M the hurrkanea in tke windwani
^-H«.
It.:
The Spanifli part H computed to cott-
tam about 90 leagues in its grcMit
length from K to W. (o leagues In its
greatell breadth) having t furfiMc of
about 3, loofquare leagues. About 4««
fquare leaeues of this Airfaeeis innioui»-
tains, which are generally more capaUe
of culttvition than thofe in the French
part, and have fomethnes • Ml tint
difputes the preference with thateftlm
vallies. There remains therefore a fUic
feitile furface of moiv than 1,700 Ibitare
leagues, divided into vallies and plains
of varioiu lengths and breadths.
Many circumlhinces confpired to rm-
der this ifland a place of importmee to
the Spaniards. It was a key to the coif
of Mexico, a convenient place for meir
(hipping to touch at, an excellent l«n>
dezvous for their fqnadrons and fleets,
and an important hold for naval opera...
tions of ail forts { but from the impoli-
tic meaiures of the government, and the
reftraints on commerce, it proved rather
a buiden than an advania^ to the mo-
ther country.
The cantons or jurifdijlions, beg^n*
ningat the weftemmoit point of the Spa-
nifh frontiers, on the ibuthem coaft or
narrows, are, Babaruco, poflefled by the
brigands or fugitive Spanish and French
negroes, who inhabit the mountain of
Bahoruco^, Nejbft Axua^ Bant or Vani,
the city of St. Domiago, and territory
dependent thereon, St. Lattrent 4e$
Mtues, SamoHOt Coiuvt La FtgOf St,
fago, DaxaboMt St. Raphdtl, HitKhe^
Baniquti :ind St. John tf Magtutna.
Over the whole of the Spanjfh part of
the ifland, mountains and plains, are
fpread 115,000 inhabitants} of whom
110,000 are free, and 15,000 ilaves'}
which does nor amotmt to 40 indivldo.-
als to one fquare league. The Spanifh
Creoles are inrcnlihlo of all the treafures
which furround them, and pafs tl.«ir
lives without wiftiing to change their
lot ; while the French portion fumtfhes
three fifths of the produce of all the
French Weft-India colonies put togeth -r;
or more than 1 o millions fttrling. The
drefs and mode of living of the Spanifli
Creole; indicate pride, laxinefs, and po-
verty. A capital, which of itfelf indi-
cates deca)'. little infignificant towns
here and the e, a few colonial fettle"
ments.
r. «».
•44 I^OM
•WHttt far wlikh cHt munc «f muiufM->
MriM would h* tm gritt tslionowri iai>
menfc ppflRrfliom called Hattts, where
kmfts and MtiU arc rai(cd with little
caftt in different grades of <loincftica-
liou I as the domenic, the gentle* and
Ibe (k»fh , Thole called wild or moun-
laiaeen, a* alfo the ihy^ coll the heidf-
mc«« eallcd pioneers and lancersi tm*
. aienlSr labour and danger in the cliafe.
The hattes are the moft numerbus Toit
9i Spsoifli fettlementst and of an extent
lar difproportioncd to their utility.
Jome are leveral fquare leaguet» and do
«ot foniain above 500 heail of cattle,,
EMt and fmall. Some are called horfe-
ttes» athcivcattle> hattes* according to
thr MQc «£ the animals they contain ;
•tbeM ufed in breeding pigs are called
•anils. A fmall piece of wood land,
called veneric, frequently ferves as a
boundary between the hattes, common
totbofe on both fides o( it, and alfo
flielters the cattle from the heat of the
fun. The woodland likcwife attrafls
the wikl animaU, and lefTens the labours'
«f the huntfinan. In thcfe hattes, the
people lodge miferably, and liave but
poor uibiitFence. The (mall provifion
nrms called CoMtost fall generally to
the lot of the poorer colouifts, or moft
commonly |)cople of colour, or freed
people.
The fupply of hornetl cattle to the
French part of the illand cannot be ef-
limated at lefs than 1 5,000 head annu-
•lly t of which the Spaniards furnifli
4bur fifths. Thei'e at 30 dollars a he;^ '.
and bringing them by the Spaniards,
cannot be Iclii than 450,000 dollars.
This forms three quarters of the pro-
duce of the colony ; and the impoft paid
<o government is 10 per cent. The
mimber of 100,000 heuJ of cattle is the
number in the general cenfus taken by
order of the prelident in 1780, and if
«»e: count the cattte exempted from the
tribute, they may amount to £50,000 }
without comprehending horfes, mules
and aflRrs, which, with an augmentation
eftunated fince 1780, would make a
ftock of 300,000 head, and an annual
preduftion.of €0,000 j and iuppote a
fifth part of the young ones perifl) ac-
cidewtally, there ftill remains 48,000.
Therefources of the colonifts are vei7
confined, and their few eftablirtunenu
all below mediocrity* There are but
t* fugar maaufiAorici of any conle-
DOM
<iu«ncc ; the u9t being not wartfa nini'
iiig i and even tbcic aa havt altegethev
but About 600 negroes* Of tbciii i
piuluce fyriip, and Ibme Aigari bu|
the others which are called trapaehi»s«
where animals are employed to turn
the mills and prefs tlic canes, with-
out (belter in the raen air» make no-
thing but fyrop. The whole, of which
produce is d^erally ufed in tbe colony }
fmall quantities are ibmetimcs fent to
Porto Rico, or to Old Spain ) and th«
goodneCs of the fugar has proved that
of the ibil, but nothing in favour of the
manulaaurer. The coffee raifed here
is excellent 1 each tree in a Hate of
bearing will produce on an average a
pound weight, and is fometimei of a
quality equal to that of Mocha, yet
chocolate is preferred to it. Cotton
grows natui-ally at St. Domingo, of an
excellent quality, even without caie in
(tony land, and in the crevices of'the
rocks. The numerous roots of indigo
are only obfbcles to the feeble cultiva-
tion of the fields, where it grows l)x>n-
taneoufly. All thefe valuable produc-
tions have Ihared the fate of depopula-
tion. Tobacco, fays Valverde, has here
a larger leaf than m any other part of
America} it grows every where, and
equals Ibmetimes that of Cuba or the
Havannah. It is as much eAecmed as
this latter, in the manufactures of Se-
ville, and is even preferable to it in fe-
gars. Its cultivation has lately become
more general. The kernel of the cocoa
nut ct St Domingo is more acidulated
than that of the cocoa nut of Venezuela
and Caraca, to which it is not inferior }
and experience proves, that the chocolate
made of the two cocoas has a more de-
licate flavour than that made of the
cocr a of Caraca alone. Achiote, gin-
ger, and caflta have fliared the fate of
the other productions.
Tlie population of the Spanilh part
is conipokd of whites, freed p<(oplc,
and (laves. There are alio a few Creoles
refembling the Indians, having long,
(haisht and black hair, who pretend to
be defcendants of the ancient natives.
They are, however, thought to be de-
I'cended from a mixture of tlie alKU'igi-
ne« and the Spaniards. There were,
however, in 1744, feveral Indians at
3anique, wlio proved their defcuit from
the fubjqSU of tbe tmfortunate caciqu^
Htiiri\ althoui^ biltorical authority
afiiiniS
DOM
•Aritii thai the wholt ncc wm «tter-
ninftcd.
The freed people an few in mimberf
if compered with the white*, but con-
liderable in proportion to the number of
tM ilavei. The people of colour are
excluded frbm almojl all employment!,
civil ae welf aa military, ae lonji; as the
colour of the (kin bethiyt ita origin ) but
the political conftitution of the country
admifa of no diftin£lion lietween the
civil right* of a white inhabitant and
thofe ot I free perfon. Indeed the ma>
jor part of the Spanilh colonifta are of a
triixed racei thia an African feature,
and fometiniea more than one, often
betraya ; but ita frequency haa filenced
a prejudice that would otherwile be a
troublefome reniembranccr. People of
colour are admitted to the piiefthood
without difficulty; but the Spaniarda
have not yet brought themfelvea to
iQake neg'o priefta and bifhopa like the
Portugucfe. StaTea are treated with ex-
treme niildnefa, and are ufually fed aa
well aa their maftera. A rcligioua prin-
ciple and an illicit affeftion tend to their
emancipation. A (lave can redeem hiih>
(elf at a price (ixed by law. Thua the
fate of the flave ia (bnened bv the hope
of f-cwdom and the authority of the
mafter by the habit of being confound-
ed, in fome fort, with thote who were
the other day in (lavery. The lawa
againft flaves are much negle6led;
thofe in their favour are rery exa£lly
obferved.
Few of the creolea can either read or
write I hence the want of focial inter-
courfe, which ia alfo augmented by the
badnefa of the roads. The roada are
nothing but paths palTable only on foot
and on borfeback ; and 8 leaguea a day
18 verv great work, ui wliicli fpace the
traveller often doea not meet with a (in-
gle habitation, and mud conlequentiy
carry with him every necellar)' for nou-
rifhment and lodging. Such is the low
ftate of commerce in the Spanilh part,
that Don Antonio de Valverde, a na-
tive Creole, goes fo far a* to af^t, in
bis account of the twrritory, that the
commerce in cattle, with the French
part, is its only fupport.
The' whole ifland is in general well
watered by rivers and brook* without
number, but certain (paces aiT deprived
of this advantage. From the formation
of the illand, their courlea are but fltort^
DOM 145
and few of them navigable to any dU^
tafice. It ia generally umpoiflible to con*
ceive, fitom tht tranquU a(|pc£l that
thefe river* uAially wmi'f what they be-
come when tbey overflow their buka*
A river that but now hardly covered the
pebbles on it* bed, or wet the foot of
the traveller, i* changed by one tern-
peftuov* fhower into a flood. nMnaciag
all that it approache* ) and ihould ita
banks give way, it fpireads its watery
devaftaticn over the plain*. Many of
thefe are infefted with ailigatori. The
only lake* or ponds worth notice are
thofe of Henriquelle and Salt pond)
the former i* a great curiofity. See
HtHriqutlU.
The chief of the ifland* which (Ur-
round St. Domingo, pait of which be-
longed to the Spanifli part, are Altavele,
Saone, Beate, St. Catheriiie, oil the>.
j fide from W. to £. Mone, and Nfoni-
que on the 8. E. Caymite* and Coilava
on the W. between the two penihlbla**
and La Tortue, on the ^. (iur, tbwarda
the W. end of the ifland, and that of
Avache on the S. iide of the fedthern
peninfula.
The ancient divilion line which fepa-
rated the French from the Spsnifli |^rt
of the ifland extended from the river
de* Anfea a Pitre or Pedetnalea, on the
S. (ide, to that of Mafl'acre, on the N.
iide, at the head of the bay of Mancen>
ille, which, together with the large bay
which feta up from the weftward, be>
tweeii Cape St. Nichola* and Cape
Dame Marie. 8. W. of the former, and
4} leagues apart, mould* this divifion
of the ifland into fuch a figure, as call
be bcft comprehended by a view of the
map; fuificie it to fay, that it containa
«, 500,000 acres of land, of an extremely
fertile foil, prefenting an agreeable va-
riety of hills, vallies, woods and ftttam*.
The French part of St. Doming,
containing 2,500,000 acres, of which
1,500,000 were under high cultivation
in 1789, was then divided into 10 jurif-
diAions, which were fubdivided into
51 pariflies. Weft jurilUiftions, Port
an Prince, St Mark, Le Petite Goave,
and Jeriemie— in the north, Cape Fran-
cois, Fort Dauph n, and Port de Paix— >
thofe in the foutn, Les Cayes, St. Louis,
and JacmeL Before the late revolution,
there wei'e in thefe parifhes about 41,000
white people, 44,000 free people of
colour, and 6co,ooo (laves. Oth^r ac-
K counts
14^
DOM
conatt make thwi con6derabIy left {
the Aore* howcrcr, It from good au-
tiMritjr. The number of deathi, during
17191 according to the biUt of mortalT
ty, 7i«i— 4he number of b|rthi the fkme
year,4a3a. The excefe of death*, iSto,
will be the leA aftoniflilng, when it ii
confidcred, that la the vean, 17I7, and
■7tl» there had been imported into the
colonjr nearly Aoiooo new ncgroei.
The exports rrom Jan. 1, I7t9t tcDec.
3i»oftnerameyear»were47,5i6,53iJbi.
white fugar, 93>573>300 brown (ugar;
7^^1,9% $t%t^\h% come i 7,O04t»74>ibi.
cotton} 75t,6allbw. indigo; and other
artidea, a« tanned hidei, molaflTes, fpi.
rite, Sec. to the valiie of 46,173 livrcs.
The total value of duties on the above
cxportations, amounted to 770,801 dol-
lars, 3 cents. Port au Prince is the
ieatof the French government in this ifl-
and, in time of peace, and a place of con-
(Iderable trade. Cape Francois exceeds
Fort au Prince in the value of its pro-
dudionst the elegance 6f its buildines,
and the advantageous fituation of its
I>ort. It is the governor's refidence in
time of war. The Mole, though infe-
rior to thefe in other refpefts, is the fiift
port in the illand for lafety in time of
war, being bv nature and art ftixmgly
fertified. The other towns and ports
of any note, are fort Dauphin, St.
Mark, Leonne, Petit Goave, Jcremle,
Les Cayes, St. Louis, and Jacmel, whicii
lee under their different names.
The moft ancient town in this ifland,
and in all America, built bv Europeans,
is St. Domingo ; of whico an account
is given below. To thefe particular
obtervations, we add the following, of a
more general nature: The foear and
indigo plantations were in the flat, the
coffee in the mountainous lands. The
plantations were for the moft part en-
clvfed with live hedges, ftraieht and
well dreflcd ; thfe dwelling and mami-
fa£tory houfes were built and laid out
with great neatnefs and tafte ; every
habitation pofli^cd a private hol'pital
for the accommodation of its (icic ne-
groes, who were parentally dealt with ;
the roads were excellent; and from the
general hofpitality and cbeerfuhiefs of
Its former inhabitants, it was confidcred
as one of the moft enviable Ipots on
earth. Such was the French part of
St. Domingo in 17^9 ; but, alas! it is
ns more 1 the deftjruQjve ravage* of ao
DOM
unrelenting InAirrcAiM, of frightful
mafl'acret and conflagrations, have laid
waftc all thofo bcautifal fettlemcnts.
reduced the buildings to aihes, and laid
low in duft or feattercd iJi cxih>t Ita
wretched inhabitant!.
The flrft interference of the National
Aflfembly, in the aflfairs of the colonies*
was by a decree of the Ith of March,
1790, which deehred, •« That all free
perfons, who were proprietors and refi-
dents of two years ftanding, and who
contributed to the exigencies of the
ftate, fliouM exereife the rights of vot>
ing, which conftitute the quality of
French citizens.'* This decree, though
in faA it gave no new rights to the p«o.
pie of colour, was regaraed with a jea-
lous eye by the white planters ) wnofe
pride and refentment diAated to them
to repel the people of colour from their
aflfemblies. This feems to be the true
fource of their calamities | to develope
which, ar 1 the dreadful conftquences,
belong tt the profeiTed hiftorian.
Domingo, St. the capital of the
Spanifti part of the ifland of St. Domin-
go, or Hil^ianiola, is fituated on the W.
Bank of the Oxama, a league below
the mouth of Il'abella river, in which
diftance it is 14 feet deep, having a bot-
tom of mud or tok And, and banks ao
feet perpoidicular height} but N. of
the city this height is reduced to 4 feet.
The Oaama is navigable for 9 or 10
leagues, and has feveral fugar manure-
tones, tile kilns, and provilion farms on
its bonks. The road before the mouth
of the Orama is very indifferent, and lies
expofed from W. S. W. to E. It is
impofTible to anchor in it in the time
of the South winds} and the north
winds drive the veflels from their moor-
ings out into the fea, which here runs
extremely high. The port of St Do.
mingo is magnificent in every refpeft |
a real naturaibafon, with a great num-
ber of careenings tor the veflels that can
get at them. There is a rock at the
entrance, which will only admit veflciis
drawing 18 or zo feet water } which it
is alGrrted might be removed without
great difficulty.
Tlie city ot St Demii^ was origin*
ally founded on the E. iidc of the Oxa.
ma, in 1494, by Bartholomew Colum-
bus, who gave it the name of new Ila«
bella. Authors afl«:rt that Chrifto>
pbet ColuNibw save it the ume of his>
father.
D6iit
Father, and thst the Inhtbltutti of lA-
belta on tht N. eoatt of tlie ifltnd,
founded by ChrHlopber Columhut in
149 J, removed to New-IfabelU In 1496.
In f50> a hiuricane deftroyed moftof
hi building*, which induced Ovando to
remove the inhabitanta to the W» JSde
of the river. The new citv waa foon
huiit, and that with agranoeur ofde<
iign not \tnworthy of the firft metropo-
lis of the New World. The plan of
the city !i a trapexium of about 540
fatliomt on the E. (iJc, along the Oza-
hia ; near 500 fathoms on the S. border-
ing on the fea ) apd of about 1 Soo fa-
thoms in circumference. To the W.
and to the N. of the city, the land is
rough and roclcy for about half a league,
but after that it becomes good, and the
country delightful. Towards the fea
the fcite of the city lies very high, which
forms an infurmountable dyke againll
the fury Of the waves, it is furrounded
With a rampart i feet in diameter, and
about 10 feet high. There is a great
deal of ordnance at Stv Domingo, par-
ticularly caft ordnance, but the foitiftca-
tions are not ftrong ; and the height of
the Ileignes commands it entirely } and
its crown is not more than 250 fathoms
from the ditch^ The ftreets are CpicioMt,
and ftrait as a line> which gives it a
pleafing appearance. Ten of thefe
ftrcets run from N. to S. and ten others
from E. to W. The greateft part of
ithe hpufes, firft built, are of a fort of
marble folmd in the vicinity, and in the
Ryle of the ancient towns of Spain and
iltaly : thofe of a more recent conftruc-
lion are of tania, a fort of pife. To
ereft thefe buildings, a cafe is made of
planks, between pillars of mafonryt
thiscale is filled by degrees with a red-
di(h clay, which is rammed down as it
is thrown in, until it forms a folid, or
fort of wall, between the Jkillars. The
day thus prefled together, acquires an
amazing hardnefs^ and the walls are
Cbmetimes fo folid and ftronc:, that the
illars of mafonry are ilfelefs. The
loufes of St. Dominga are tolerably
handfome, in a fimple ftvle, and nearly
uniform. A Confulerable part oft'.'
built ^j-ithinthefe i5years, are of wop', I
Covered with the leaves or taclies of
palm trees. The roofs are generally
platformed, being fliaped (o as to con-
«.!»ift the rain-water to the ciftertis. The
climate of the capital is, happily, vciy
P
III
te^ipente. The nights of thofe months
which inf«rer. to the winter in Eur^,
•re even fmind to be eold.
Among a number of public edifices
that ment attention, in this declining ci>
ty, we may reckon the ruins of the hotife
that Diego, fon of Chriftopher Colum«
bus^ had begun, entirety of newed llone.
The walls are yet remaining, and fbtni
of the fculpture round the windows.
The itjof and ceilings are fallen (n, the
lower floor is become a pen for cattle (
and a Latin infcrintion over the portatf
is now hidden by tne hut of a herdfmfen.
The cathedral, of the faihe fort of ftone
as the houfe of Diego Columbus, (lands
ontheS. E. Oppofite its entrance is
a fine fpacious oblong fuuare, at the S.
W. end of which is tiie town houfe.
The cathedral is a noble Gothic pilo
beeunin 151a, and finilhed in <540>
and was conftruAed after the model of
a church at Home. It merits admira-
tion on account of the boldnefs of its
vault, which notwithftanding the ravages
of earthquakes in its neiehbourhood*
has never, till within the% 15 or to
years, had a iingle flaw. Theduftof
Columbus reded within this pile until
the year 1796, when it was removed.
Here are 3 convents for men { which
have increafed in importance fince 17821
a nunneries, 3 hofpitals, a college, and
a gaoh The convent of the Cordeliers
was built by Ovando in 1503, on a lit-
tle hill containing a mine of mercury.
AH the 3 parochial churches of St. Do-
mingo, are beautiful, rich in ornaments,
in vafes of gold and filver fet with pre-
cious ftonei, in plAures, in ftatues of
marble and of metal } but the cathedral
furpalTes the others in every refpeft.
The population of the city of St. Do-
mingo is not very confiderable ; yet it is
extraordinarily augmented fince the year
1 780. The cenfus lately taken, amount-
ed to io,».oo, of ever* age and fex. But
this is far below the exaft number.
The cenfus is taken by the Spanifli
priefts or vicars, and who go from hou/e
to houfe to verify thofe who do not per-
form their pafchal duties. This lift
Joes not comprehend children under 7
years of age, nor heads of families ab-
fent from their home or from the city.
But the principal caufe of the inexa^.
nefs, is, one h^f of the parochial terri-
tory of the city is OQ the outfids of the
walls.
Ka This
148 DOM
Th!* Cc»ritary comprehend)* the ptrt
caUccTthc Plainit a great i>art of the
'Monte^e-Platr, and agaio a* well to the
E, «« to the W. of the^dty, a very con-
ikJerabk mimher of country feata and
provifioo habitatiaii», where there are a
gjcz*t many famiKet of 'lacks, of people
of colour, aiid white cultivators i lb that
there ar* always 5 or 6000 not included
in the cenfus.
Notwlthftandlng the declining Ktu-
ation of the Spanifli territory of the ill>
wad, it is {ur moiv proPperous than it
was 60 years ago. A cenfus even of
1737 (hows, that the total population
at that time did not furpais 6000 Ibuls,
and the capital contained hardly 500.
The Spanifl) capital is 70 leagurf. E.
by S. of Pert au Prince, the rcsd runs
half the way along the Tea ccaft, through
Bany, Axua, and Neybe, and thence by
the lakes Henriquell: wcA BrackiOi-
pand. In this route you have to crofs
two large rivers, Nifai ^d Neybe, be-
Jides II fmallerftreams. Itl^ 90 leagues
S. £. of Cape Francois, going by the
road tlm>ugh St. Raphael, Azua, Sec. ;
and about 100 leagues by that of Daha-
bon, St. Yague, and La Vega. N. lat.
li. 19. 30. W. long. from Paris 77.37.
See DvmngCt St. the preceding ai" icie.
Dominica, tiie laft of the leeward
Charaibee or Caribbce iflands, taking.
them from N. W. to S. £. ; but the
Spaniaivls call it the laii of the wind-
ward iflands. It is lituated about half
way betwixt Guadaloupe on the N. W.
and Martini<':o on the S. £°. 15 leagues
from each, between 1 5. «o. and 1 5. 44.
30 N. lat. and between 61. 17. and 61.
%o. W. long, being d^\t 19 miles in
length from Crao-Point b. to the N.W.
CSipeof Aguflia bay on the N.; and nearly
16 miles broad from Raymond bay E.
to Coullhaut on the W. i ai)d contains
>S6,4;» > acres of land, and is uivided
into loPariflies, viz. St. John, St. An-
drew, St. Peter, St. Jofeph, St. Paul,
j>. David, St. Georgr, St. Patrick,
St. Luke, and 6t. Martin. Ttie iflai.d
contains many high and rugced :noun-
taiiis, interfperfu) with fertue vallieti;
and \i wateied by upw.ii'ds o^ 30 rive?-:,
befide a numbe.- ot rivulets. Several
of the mountains contain unextinguifhed
volcanoes, which frequently diicharge
vdi quantities (>i butning fulphur.
Here are fcvera) hot ^^tings, eftecir.ed
e/Scacioiuia remo<ring tropical diforders .
DOM
Some of the waters are faid to be hot
enough to coagulate an egg. Here arc
vaft fwarms ot bees, whirn produce a
great quantity of wax am. honey { they
hive in the trees, and arc thought to .
have been tranl'ported from Europe t
the native bee of the Weft Indies beine
a fmaller fpecies, unprovided with
ftings, and very different in its manners
from the European . The forefts afford
an inexhauilible quantity oi rofe wood.
To efteemed by cabinet' makers. 1 he
fruits and other produAions are fimilar
to thofe in the neighbouring iflands {but
the foil being generally tnin, is more
adapted to the rearing of cotton than
fugar. The beft eye-f^ones that are
known, are found 00 the fliores of this
ifland. They have their name from
the nk which is made of them, for
clearing the eyes of anv dirt. They are
fhapcd like a lentil, (mooth and (leek,
hut much fmaller, and of a grey colour.
The value of exports, acconling to the
current London prices in 1789, amount,
ed to 301,987!. iss. fter. including ex-
ports to the American ftates, value
7,1641. 5s. The cargoes in i6x vef-
fds, confifted of 71,302 cwt. s qr. »i
lbs. of fugar— -63,39* S^ll* of rum—
x6,8o3gail.molafre8— i,i94cwt. sqrs.
xlbs. cacac'— '18,149 cwt. 3 qrs. 6 lbs.
coffee— 1 1,150 lbs. indigo— 970,816 lbs
cotton — 161 cwt. ginger, befides hides,
dying wcMds, &c. The number of in-
habitants, in the fame year, appears to
have been 1*36 whites— 445 free ne-
groes,&c. and 14,967 flaves. There are
alfo about 30 families of Chaiaibes, the
remains of the ancient natives. The
only towi>s hereof any t)ote arc Charlotte
town, the capital and the feat of go-
vernment, formerly called Rofll-au, on
the S. W. fide of the ifland, a.id Poiif-
mouth, lltutated at tile head of Prince
Rupert's bay.
Doir.inica, from its local fituation,
between Martinico and GuaHaloiipe, is
tile heft calculated of all the Britifh pof-
ItlTions in *!)at part of the world, for fe-
curingto her the dominion of the Cha-
raibean Tea. A few ftiips of war in
Prince Rupert's bay would effe^ually
ftop all intcixoiirfe or the French fettle-
ments with each other, as not a vcflel
ca>i parsbiitis liable to capture, byfltips
cruiling off that bay,andti> windward of
the illand. It is a feparate government
and a free port. The anchorage is
good
D OR
Mod all round the coitft of Dombiica j
but ithM no port or bry for retiring
into) hut the vefleU have the advantage
of Aieltcr behtntl many of vte eapei.
It waa difcovered by Chiriftopher Co>
lumbus, Nov. 3, 1493 ; and had itn
nrnte fram being difcovered on a Sunday.
It wai taken by the French in the late
wari and rsftorcd to Britain at the peace
^f 1783.
DpMiNiCA, La, one of the Marquefa
iAands, called by the natives Heevarea,
U the largeft of them all, txtencUng £.
iiiid W. 6 leagues ; is about 16 leagues
in circuity full of rugged hills, and of
a ban-en afpefi ; but is inhabited. S. lat.
5. 44. The long, of the W. end from
Qrrenwich is 139. 13.W.
JDoN Christopher's Ctve, lies on
the N. fide of the iHand of Jamaica,
having St. Anne*s bay on the W. and
Mammee bay on the S. £. It is re-
mRrkable for having given (helter to the
difcoverer of America, during a ftorm,
in 1503, and for being t'te fcite of the
eld town of Sevilla de Nueva.
DoNDON, an interior fettlement in
the French part of the ifland of St. Do-
mingo, 3 leagues N.W. of St. Raphael
in the .^paniin part, and 1 3 leagues £.
by N. of Les Goiiaives.
Donegal. There au .ownfliips
in Pennfylvania of this name } the one
in Lancafterco. the other in that of
Weftmoreiand, and the thiixi in Wafli-
sngton CO.
DooBOUNT Lake, newly difcovered,
about 60 or 70 miles long, and so or 30
broad} lies fouth-eaft of the head of
Chefterlieki inlet, in New South Wales.
Dorchester, a townRiip in Graf-
ton CO* New Hanipfhiie, incorpoi-ati*d
in 1761. In 1790 it contained 175 in-
habitants. It lies N. E. of Dartmouth
College about 17 miles.
Dorchester, an ancient and thriv-
ing townfliip in Norfolk co. MafTaclui.
fetts, fettled as early as 1 630. A num-
ber of towns have been taken off from
it fince its firft fettlement. It is fxuated
t miles S. by E. of Bofton, and is now
about 6 miles long and jI broad. The
chief manufaftures here are paper, cho-
colate, fnuff, leather, ai)d (hoes of vari-
ous forts. It has a hand.'b; le church,
St 56 houfes, and 171a inhabitants. The
N. E. point of the peninfula, called
Dorchefter neck» approaches wUhin half
r mile of CaAle Idand, and its N. W.
T>OU 149
Eint within half a mile tftht 8. p«rt of
ifton. Forts were cmftcd on the
heights in the late war } and thia town
andita vicinity fnfivred much during the
early part of the war.
Dorchester, in Coroberfaukl co.
New-Jerfey, lies un the E. fide of Moro
ri: R. about 5 miles from its mouth in
the bay, and 17 eaftwardof Faitficld.
Dorchester C*. in Maryland, Ilea
on the £. fide of Chefapeak bay | oa
the S. ikieot Choptank K. which fitpa-
ratcs it from Talbot co. It has fevcral
ifland s on its coaft } the chief of th«fe»
from the mouth of Hudlbn river, are,
James, Taylor's, Barren, Hooper's, and
Goldiborough's, which laft lies between
Hunpary river and Fifhing bay. The
lengtn of the county from E. to W. ta
about 33 miles, and its breadth irom
N. to S. 27 miles. The number of Ita
inhabitants 15,875, of whom 5337 are
(laves . The lands in the northern parte
are fomewhat elevatcdy but in tbefouth-
ern parts low and mttOiy, particularly
along Filhing bay, and up ita waters,
Tranfquaking, Blackwater, and Pea«
rim creek, and along Kungary R. an
arm of the Chefspesk. The produce ia
chiefly wheat, corn, and lumlier. Its
chief town is Cambrid/j^.
Dorchestrr., a fmalt town of
Charlcftown diilriA, S. Carolina, feat-
ed on the N. £. bank of A(hky R. iS
miles W. N. W. of Charieftown city.—
This place was fettled and named aa
early aa 1700, bv a iolony from Dor«
cheiterand itsvicmity ir^ MaflTachufcttst
and a part of its inhabitants, about the
year 1750, left it and fettled Midway*
m Georgia.
DoRLACH, a town(hip in Otfego co.
New York. By the ftate cenraa of
1 79^1 433 of its inhabitants are elejlors.
Dorset, a townfltip in Bennington
CO. Vermont, having Rupert W. Man-
chr.fter S. and Danby N. ; and containa
958 inhabitants, 27 miles N. by £. of
Bennington.
Douglass, a townfliip, theibuth*
ernmoft in Worceller co. Maffiichtifetta*
having the ftate of Rhode-IAand on the
S. and that :f Conneftieut on the S. W.
and through it pafles the middle road
from Boftcn to New- York. It is a very
rocky townfliip, and contains 1080 in-
bibitants. It lies 16 miles S. of W«r>
cefter, and 47 S. W. of Bofton. It was
incorporated anno i74<i| and received
K 3 ita
i|o DOV
kt fume Ib twMurof WUiiam DojiifflaA,
M. D. of liofton, a iMtife of Scotbuid,
«m1 » Mofidtrablebenefkdar to the towr .
DouoLAiSi a townfliip in Montgo-
nury co. Pennfylvania.
DovoLASS, a cape on the N. W>
coaft of N. America, which form* the
W. fide of the c'ntraoce into Cook's R.
oppofite Point Bede, which forms the
E. fide. It haa a very lofty promontory*
whole elevated fummit appears above
the cbod«» forming two exceeding high
nountaint. Lat. 58. 56. N. long. ao6.
10-. Id,
DoyrrU FaUtt in York co. Maine, a
place where a poft office is kept} 7 miles
nom Berwick, and 8 from Sandfotd.
DovBR, a townfliip in Norfolk co.
Maffitchufctts, incorporated anno i6jo.
It contains 485 inhabitants, and lies 15
miles fouthward of Bofton.
DoYBR, a confiderable townfliip in
Strafford cb. Mew-Hampfllitv, and the
fhire town of the county ; fituated on
the fbuthem fide of Cochecho R. about
4 miles above its jun^lion with Salmon
Fall R. which together form the Pifcat-
aqua} 10 miles S. by £. ofRocheflcr,
d finom Beiwick, in Maine, anu 14 N.
W. by N. from Portfmouth. The In-
dians named it Winichahanat, and Co-
checho ( by thefirllfettlersj it was call-
ed Northam. It was incorporated in
1633, and contains 1998 inhabitants.
The public buildings are a Congrega-
tional church, court-nouft and gad. At
Dover is a high neck of land, between
the mainbranchof Pifcataqua and Back
R. about two miles long, and half a
mile wide, rifing gently along a fine
road, and declining on each fide, like a
ibip*d deck. It commands an extenfive
and variegated profpe6): of the rivers,
bays, adjacent fliores, anddiftant moun-
tains, it has often been admired by tra-
vellers as an elegant finiatlon for a city,
and by military gentlemen for a fortrefs.
The M fettlers pitched here, but the
trade has long fince been removed to
Cocheco falls ; and this beautiful fpot
is almdft defcrted of inhabitants. N.
lat. 43. II. W. long. 70. 50.
DovBR, a townfhip in Morimouth
CO. New-Jerfey, between ShrewfBuiy
and New-fitafford, and extends from
the Tea to the county line. Although
a large tuwnfhijp, it contains only 910
inhabitants, who live moftly upon the
fea.ftion. There ts but one church;
CR A
the pfrooertv of it generous aiid beaefi»i
lettinckvidual} who gives liberty ti.
miniflera of all denominatioiM to pmc)^
in it whenever they pleafeii
Dover, the metiopolis of Delaware
flate, in Kent do. on the S. W. fide of
Jones creek, about 4i miles N. W.
from its mouth, in the Delaware; 1%
miles from Duek creek, 48 from WiU
mington, and 76 $. S. W. of Pbiladel'
Ehia. It contains about 100 houfes,
uiltprineipally of brick. Xhere are
4 ftreets, which interfeA each other
at right angles, in the centre of the
town. The area included within thefe.
interfef^ions extends into a fpacious
parade; on the E. fide of which is an
elegant ftate-houle. The town has a
lively appearance, and drives on a con-
fiderable trade with Philadelphia, chiefs
ly in flour. N. lat. 39. 10. W. long.
75' 34-
DovBR, a town in York co. Penn-
fyl ania, on Fox Run, which falls into
Conewago creek, near its mouth, in tho
Sufquehannah. It contains a Germat^
Lutheran and Calvinifl church, united j
»nd about 40 houfes.
Down E, or DowHt, a townfhip in
Cumberland co. New-Jerfey.
Downs, a townfliip of New-Jerfey,
in Cumberland county.
DowNiMQS, a poft town of Pennfyl-
vania, in Chefler co. on the E. fide of
Brandywine creek; 33 miles W., by N.
of Philadelphia, and near 7 N. W. of
Weflchefter.
DoYr.STOWN, a village in Bucks co.
Pennfylvania, 10 miles S. W. of Hovv^
ell's ferry, on Delaware R. 15 N. W.
of Newton, and 33 W. by N. of Phila-
delphia.
Dracut, 9 townfliip in the north-
ernmoft part of Middlefex co. on tlie
nom bank of Merrimack R. oppofite
Patucket Falls. It contains 1217 inha-
bitants, and lies 30 miles N. by W. of
Boflon, and 18. S. W. of Exeter, in
New-Hampfliire.
Drake, a harbour in California, fo
called after the celebrated Sir Francis
Drake, who difcovered and took poflef-
fion of the peninfula of California, for
his miftrefs. Queen Elizabeth. N. lat.
a8. IS' W. long. III. 39.
Drake, Sia Francis, or Draki't
Baff a bafon in the middle of the Vir*
gin ifles, in the Weft Indies, 3 or 4
leagues broad, and 6 or 7 long, the
finelt
D UX:
fineft diltcanbe inagincd ) and in Whicli
Aipt my anchor^ laitdiockcd, and flwU
tered from all winds.
DkbodbN) atojmfliip in Lincoln co.
diftrifl of Maine, Tituat«d 9 miles from
Wii Jet Point, 15 from Fort Wefton,
at HallowcU, and ilo N. by E.of Bof-
ton. Swan ifland is in this townfliip.
Drin son's Lick. See JffferpCi eo.
Dromore, a townfliip in Lancafter
co. Pcnnfylvania.
Drowned Lands. Sot Orange co,
NewrYork.
Drvmmond, or Accomac conrt-
houfe, in Virginia, is on the poft rond
from Philadelphia to Norfolk, so miles
from Belhavtn, atid 194 from Philadel-
phia.
Dryder, a militaiy townfhip in the
ftate of New-York, having Ulyfles W.
and Vireil on the £. { and on the S . the
town of Owego, in Tioga co, The
centre of the town lies % ntiies E. of -the
6. end of Cayuga Lake,
Dry Tortuga». See Tmugm^
Dvanbsbvrgh, a townfliip in Al-
bany CO. New- York, containing 1470
inhabitants ; of whom s6o are e^ors,
and 5 flaves,
DvBMN, a townfliip in Chefliireco.
^ew-Hampfliire, on a branch of Afliu-
elot R. andN. of theGreat Monadnock,
containing 901 inhabitants. It is a 8
miles S. E. of Charleftown, and 8a W.
of Portfmouth. Incorporated in the
year 1 771.
Dublin, a pleafant town in Phila-
delphia CO. Pennfylvania, 10 miles N.
E. of Philadelphia, and as far S. W. of
Bri(k>I. Alfo, a townfhip in Hunting-
don CO. in Pennfylvania.
DvcK, a river in Tenneflee, which
rifes on the N. W. fide of the Cumber-
land mountain. It runs a N. W. courle,
and empties into the TennefTee in N.
lat. 36. W. It is aoo yards wide 5
miles from its mouth, which is 57 miles
welVerly of Nafliville } and is boatahle
90 miles.
Duck-Creek- Cross -Roads, or
Sali/burj/f a coniiderable thriving and polt
town in the ftate of Delaware, fituated
on Duck Creek, which in part divides
Kent and Newcaftle counties. It con-
tains about 90 houfes in one ftreet, and
carries on a confiderable trade with Phi-
ladelphia, and is one of the largeft wheat
markets in the ttate. It lies la miles
N. by W. of Dover, and j^ from WU-
mington.
DUN
ijt
DvcKTitAP, a t^llag* In the diftrift
of Maine, vvheit a poft office to ktpc fai
Hancock co. ) eontainlnr «7l habit-
ants { 1 1 miles from Belnft and 3s fraiki
Penobfeet.
Dudley, a townfliip in Wotxcfter
CO. Maflachufetts, eontainii^ 1114 in-
habitants. It is 1 8 ifiiies foQthword «f
Worccfter, and 55 miles S. W. of BoC-
ton. *,
Dt^kb's Co. in Maflkchufttts, com-
prebends Martha's Vineyard I. Cha-
baquiddick T. Norman'a I. and the
Elizabeth iflandsj fituated on tit« 8.
E. coaft of the ftate. The number
of inhabitants is 3365. They ftnd
3 repi-efentatives, and, in coiljunAion
with Nantucket I. one fenator to
the General Court. Thefb iflands are
defcribed feparately. Chief town, Ed-
garton.
Dumfries, a poftofentnr and pdft
town in Virginia, and chief town bf
Prince William co. It lies on the N.
fide of Quantico creek,, 4 tn'iles above
its ertrance into the Potowmack, and
to miles from Colchefter. Its public
edifices are an Epifcopal church, a
court- houfe and gaol. The e](porta
from this port for one year ending the
'30th of Sept. 1794, amounted in valne
to 85,635 dollars. It lies a8 miles N.
by E. ot Frederickfliurg, and 185 S.
W. of Philadelphia.
DuMMER Fort, is fituated onCtm-
ne^icut K. in the town of Chcfter^ld,
New-Hampfliire.
DuMMEK, a townfliip in Grafton co.
New-Hampfliire, incorporated 1773. It
is to the S. W. of lake Umbagog, on
the waters of Upper Amonoofuck and
of AndrolcOggin rivers.
DuMMBRdTON a townfliip in Wind-
ham CO. Vermont, N. of Brattleborough,
containing 1501 inhabitans.
DuNBARTON, atownfliip in HillAo-
rough CO. Ne«/-Hanipfliire, incorporat-
ed in 1765, and containing 917 inhabit-
ants ; 9 miles S. of Concord, and 53
W. of Portfmouth.
DUNCANSBOROUOH, a townfliip of
Vermont, on th^ W. fide of lake Mem-
phremagog.
DuNDERnERO, in Englifli, Tbrntdfr
billi is fituated on the W. fide of Hud-
ibn Hf ^t t^e S. E. entrance of the high-
lands, oppofite Peek's I^ill } and it ne-
markahK for its echoes,
DvncardV Btttm, a tswSi of fine
1^4- laodi
lit D U R
lands on th« E. fide of Cheat R. inVir.
giaitf about %% mile* fipom its mouth,
tod 49 W. S. W. from FoR Cumber*
land.
DuNKARD^s Ttwn. See. Ephi'ata,
SvMLOFEr a fortoii the W. bank of
Little MiamaR. about i a miles above
Columbia, in the N, W. territory.
OuNSTABLB, a towQfhip in Hillftw-
rough CO. New-Hamp(hire, on the W.
fide of Merrimapk R. below the town
of Merrimack, and feparated by the
Hate line, from Pepperel and Dunftable
in Middlefex co. Maflachufetti. It was
incorporated in 1746, contains 631 in-
habitants, and lies about 40 miks N.
W.ofBf^on.
'. Dunstable, atownfliipof Mafla-
(chufetts, in the northern pait of Mid-
^lefen CO. and on the foutitem bank of
Merrimack R. It contains 380 inha-
bitants, and li«s 37 miles N. wefterly of
£ofton.
Dupage, a circular lake on the S.E.
^rle of PIsin river, or rather an enlarge-
ment of tlie channel of that river, 5
fniles from its mouth. Plein and The*
akiki there form the Illinois.
Duplin Co. in Wilmington diftri^l,
North-Carolina, is bounded £. by On-
flow, and S. W. by Sampfon. The
number pf inhabitants is 566X of
yrfiom 1313 are flaves. The chief town
is Sare£lo, on the N. E. branch of Cape
Fear.
Du QuESNB, Fort. SttPUtJburg.
DuRANuo, a Own in the province
of Zacatrcas, aitd audience of Guada-
laxara, in New Spain, 1 o leagues from
Nombre de Dips, and is a biihop's fee,
at rhe confluence of feveral rivers which
render it convenient for trade.
DVRHAM, a townfliip in Cumber-
land CO. diftrifl of Maine, on the S.
W. bank of Androfcoggin R. which
feparates it from BowU^in on die N. E.
Ii was incorporated in 1789, contains
7a4. inhabitants, and lies 145 miles N.
cafterly of JBfofton. N. )at. 43. 55.
Durham, a poft town in-Strafibrd
CO. New-Hampmire, on Oyfter river,
iieat where it joins the Pifcataqua; 16
miles W. of Portfmouth. It was incor-
noratcd ii) 163 , jindi^^ntains 1247 in-
j) 'bitants. It was formerly a part of
Dover, which adjoins it on the N. and
yvas call^ Oyflier river. On the top
.of a hill va this town is a rock, com-
peted to w^^H 60 «r 70 tonij £» cxaft-
, D U T
ly poifed on another rock at fo be eafilf
moved by one's finger. Its fituatiou
appears to be natural.
Durham, a townfliip in New-Ha.
venco. Connecticut, fettled from Guild-
ford in 1698, and incorporated in 1708.
It is about ai miles S, W, of Hartford,
and 18 miles N. E. of New.Haven. It
was called Ci^ngcba^ by the In>
dians ) which name a fmall river that
chiefly rifes here, ftill bears.
Durham, a townfliip in Bucks co.
Pennfylvania.
DuROT, a bay on tU N. fide of the
S. peninfula of the ifland of St. DominT
go-
Dutchess Co. in New- York, is on
the E. fide of Hudfon R. It has th«
ftate of ConneAicut on the E. Weft-
Chefter on the S. and Columbia co. oa
the N. It is about 48 miles long and
23 broad, and contains 15 townfliips,
of which Poughkeepfie and FifliKill
are the chief. It contains 45,166 inr
habitants; of thefe 6013 are qualified
to be electors, and 1856 are flaves.
Dutchefs CO. fends 7 reprefentatives to
the aflfembly of the ftate. In the year
1791, a remarkable cavern was difco-
vered in this county, at a place called
by the Indians Sepafcot, at Rhynbeck.
A lad, by chance, paflTmg near its en-
trance, which lies between two huge
rocks, on the declivity of a fteep hill, on
prying into the eloomy recefs, faw the
top of a ladder, by which he defcended
about 10 ficM, and found himfelf in a
fubterraneous apartment, mere capaci-
ous than he chofe to inveftig;*te. He
found, however, that it had bsfn the
abode of perfons, who probably ouring
the war, had taken flteherhere, at bits
of cloth and pieces of leather were rc«l>
tered about its floor. It (ince appears
to be divided by a narrow paflage into
two apartments { the firft being about
1 7 feet in length, and fo low that a child
of eight ye<jr8 old could but jufl walk
upright in it j the breadth is about 8
or 10 feet. The fecond between \t
and 14 feet in length, but much higher
and broader than the firft. Like many
other caverns in the United States, ii
poflejires a petrifying quality \ and the
water, which is conftantly percolating
through the roofs of its apartntents, ha«
formra a variety of tranlparent and
beautif\il ftalaClites. They have the
appearance of icifiles, and m^y he broken
oft'
DUT
off by the hand, if not more thta two |
inches in circumference.
But what is moit to be admired is
the flcelelon of a large fnake, turned in-
to folid ftone bj; the petrifying quality
of the water before mentioned. It was
with fome <liflicuUy torn up with an
axe from the rock it lay upon» and is
now in the poirtrfllon oi the eentleman
who explor^ the cavern. A want of
free air was experienced in the inmoft
receffes of the cavern, by a dilHcult
refpiration, though the candles burnt
very clear. The air alfo was ver^ warm.
Dutch America. The only pof-
fefllon which the Seven United Provin-
ces, now called the Batavian Republic,
retain on the continent of America, is
the province called Dutch Guiana. A
part of thefe pofleflions have been lately
taken by the Englifh. The idands in
the Weft-Indies belonging to the repub -
lie are St. Euftatius and Curaflbu. The
fmall illand of Saba, near St. Euftatius,
iind the iflands Bonaire and Aruba;
which are appendages to Curaflbu, and
chtefly improved in railing cattle and
provifions tor that ifland.
Dutch Guiana, in South-America,
is bounded N. by the Atlanticocean ; £.
by Cayenne ; S. by an unexplored coun-
try called Amazonia { W. by Oronoko,
a Spanilh fettlement. It lies between
5. and 7. N. lat. extending along the
coaft from the mouth of Oronoko R.
to the river Marowyne. Thefe fettie-
ments were efteemed by admiral Rod-
ney, who captured them in 17^0, as an
acquifition of more value to the Britifli
empire, than all their Weft- India iflands.
It is divided into 3 diftin£l governments,
viz. Surrinaro, Berbifch, Eflequebo, and
Deraerara. The two laft ai-e two dif-
trt£ls, forming one government. A
number of fine rivers pafs through this
province ; the chief of which are Eile-
quebo, Swi'rinam, Demerars, Berbifch,
and Canya. Efliequebo is at miles
wide at its mouth, and is more than
300 miles in length. The others are
navigable, and are defcribed under their
different names. The chief towns are
Paramabiro and Staebroeck.
In the months of September, Octo-
ber, and November, tho climate h un-
healthy, particularly to ftrangers. The
common difeafes are p'ltrid and other
fevers, the dry belly-acl-e, and the drop-
sy. 100 miles back frb.ii the fen, you
DUT Iff
come to quite a ^iffintnik (oil, « h^
country, a pure, <dry, wholefomc a*r«
where a fire fbmetimes would not Iw
difagreeable. Along the fea coaft, the
water is brackifit and unwholdboKi**
the air damp and fultiy. Thcther*
mometer ranges from 75. to 90* thro*
the year. A north're&R breeze never
fails to blow from about 9 o*ck)ck in
the morning through the day, in the
hotteft knibnt. As the days aiid nichte^
throughout the year, are very nearly of
equal length, the air can never be*
come extremely heated, nor the inha^
bitants fo greatly incommoded by tht
heat, as thofe who live at a |^at«r
diftance from the equator. Thefeafeae
were formerly divided regularly j««tft
rainy and dry; but of late years. io
much dependence cannot be placed up»
on them, owing probably to the coin^
try's being more cleared, by whicli
means a iree pafFage is opened for thi
air and vapours. The water of tht
lower parts of the rivers is brackifl%
and unfit for uie{ and the inhabitants
are obliged to make ufe of rain water*
which is here uncommonly fweet ai^
good.
About 70 miles from the fea tm the
river Surrinam, is a village of about 40
or 50 houfes, inhabited by Jews. Thta
village and the towns above mentioned^
with the intervening plantations, con*
tain all the inhabitants of this colony,
which amount to s,ioe whites, and
43,000 Haves. The buildings on the
plantations are many of thent coftly,
convenient and airy. The country
around is thinly inhabited with the na-
tive IndiaiUy a' harmlefs friendly fct of
beings. They are, in general, fhort of
ttature, but remarkably well ihade, of
a light copper colour, ftraight black
hair, without beards, high cheek bones,
and htonn} fhoulders. In their ears,
nofes and i:air, the women wear orna-
nients of fiher, &c. Both men and
women go linked. One nation or tribe
of them tie the lower part of the leg of
the female children, when young, with
a cord hound very tight for the breadth
of 6 inches about the ancle, which cord
is never afterwards taken off but to put
on f. new one} by which means the
flefli, which ihould otherwife grow on
that part of the leg, increafes the calf
to a great fize, and leaves the bone be-
low t.«v<cly bare. This, though it muft
rerdcr
1^4 OUT
mrier them vety weak, 19 reckoned a
great beauty by them. The language
•f the Indiana appears to be very (bit.
Tbey are mortal enemies to evety kind
«(F labour } but nevrrthelefs,- manufac-
twne a few articles, fuch as very fine
cotton hammocks, earthen water pots,
baflcets, a red or yellow dye called
Roncau, and Tome other trifles, ail ot
which they bring to town and exchange
lor fuch articles as they ftand in need
fif. They paint themfelves red, and
iboic are curioufly figured with b|ack.
Their food coniills chiefly of fifli and
frabs and caflava, of which the/ plant
great quantities, and this is almott the
caly produce tl<ey attend to. They
cirniot be Taid to be abfoli'^ely wander*
ing tribes, but their huts being mere-
ly a few erofs (licks, covered with
branchea, Co as to defend them from
the rain and fun, thrv frequecitly quit
their habitations, if they (ee occafion,
and eftablifh them elf^where. They
do not <hun the whites, and have been
lenriceabk agai;i(t the runaway ne-
groes.
On each fide of the rivers and creeks
are fituated the plantations, containing
fixim 500 to 1000 acres each, in num-
ber about 559 in the whole colony, pro>
dvctng atpi-efent annually about 16,000
hbds. of lligap^ i«,ooo,ooolbs. coffee,
700,oooths. cocoa, 850,ooolbs. cotton :
All which articles (cotton excepted)
have fallen off within 1 5 years, at leaft
one third, owing to bad management,
both here and in Holland, and to other
vaufes. Of the proprietors of tlKfe
plantations, not ahoye 80 refide here.
In the woods are found many kind^ of
good and durable timber, and fome
woods for omamei^tal purpofes, par-
ticularly a kind of njiahogany called co-
1>ie. The foil is perhaps as rich and as
uxuriant as any in the world { it is ge-
nerally a rich, fat, clayey earth, lymg
In fome placet above the level of the
rivers at high water (which rifes about
t feet) and in mofl placrs below it.
Whenever fi-om a continual coiu-fe of
$ultivation for many years, a piece of
land becomes impoverifhed (tor manure
is Mt kiiowi; here) it is laid under wa-
ter fiir » certam number «f }'ears, t>nd
theivby regains its firrtility, and in the
ine*n time a new piece of wood land is
cleared. This country haa never ex-
pvc'mMtd tM^ (KNAdful ftowrgee «f the
D UT
Wefl- Indies, hurricanes i and droogbta
from the lownefs of the land, it has not
to fear; nor has the produce ever been
deftroyed by infers or by the blall. Ii^
fiiort, this colony, by proper manage-
ment, might become equal to Jamaica
or any other. Land is not wanting }
it is finely interfetEled by noble rivers,
and abundant creeks ) the foil is of the
beft kind, it is well fituated, and the
climate is not very unhealthy, and is
growing better, and will continue fo to
do the more the country is cleai'ed of
its woods, and cultivated.
The rivers abound with fifli, fome of
which are good ] at certain feafons of
the year there i» plenty of turtle. The
woods abouml with plenty of deer,
hares, and rabbits, a kind ef buflaloe,
and two fpecies of wild hogs, one of
which (the peccary) is remarkable for
having fomething like its navel on the
back.
Tlie woods are infefted with feveral
fpecies of tygers, but with no otlier
ravenous or dnngerous animals. The
rivers are rendei'ed dangerous by alli-
gators from four to feven feet long, and
a man was a fhort time fince crufhed
between the jaws of a fifh, but its nam^
is not known.- Scorpions and tarantu-
las are found here ot a large fize and
great venom, and other inl'eas without
number, fome of them very daneerouA
and trouble fome. The torporific eel
alfo, the touch of which, by means of
the bare hand or any condu£lor, has
the efFeft of a ftrong cle6lrical fhock.
Serpents atfo, fome ot which are venom-
ous, and others, as has been alTerted by
many credible perfons, are from 25 to
50 feet long, in the wot^ds are mon-
keys, the floth, and parrots in all their
varieties ; alfo fome birds of beautiful
plumage, among otiiers the flamingo,
out few or no finging birds.
The river Surrinam is guarded by a
fort and two redoubts at the entrance,
and a fort at Paramaribo, but none of
them of any ftrength, fo that one or
two frigates would be fufRcient to make
themfelves mafters of the whole colony |
and never was ther^ a people who moi%
ardently wiflted fof a change of go-
vernment than the inhabitants of thift
colony. The interior government con-
lifbi of a governor and a fupivme
and inferior council; the members of
the latter wt Khx^ by the governor
froni
DXJT
fh>m« douMe nominttion of tht prin-
fripal inhabitanUf and thofiE of the for-
mer in the fame manner. By thefc
powers, and by a magiftrate prefiding
over all criminal affiiirs, juftice is e>re-
<;uted and laws are enaAed neceifary for
the interior government of the colony ;
thofe of a more general and public na-
ture are ensued by the directors, and
require no approbation here by the
court.
The colony is guarded farther by
about 1600 regular troops, paid by the
fiii«£lors. Thefe troops, together with
a corps of about a 50 tree negroes, paid
by the court here, and another Imall
cotps of chafleurs, and fo many flaves
as the court thinks fit to order from the
planters from time to time, are difperf*
ed at pofts placed at proper diftances
on a cordon, furrounaing the colony
on the land fide, in order, as hr as poi-
fihle, to defend the diftant plantations
and the colony in seneral from the at-
tacks of feveral dangerous bands of
runaway fiaves, which from very final 1
beginnings have, from the natural proli-
ficacy of the negro race, and the conti^
nnal addition of frefli fugitives, arrived
at fuch an height as to have coft the
fountry very great fums of money and
much lofs of men, without being able
to do thefe negroes any eiFe£lual injury.
This colony was firlt poflefled by tne
French as early as the year 1630 or 40,
and was abandoned by them on account
of its unhealthy climate. In the year
1650 it was taken up by fome Englifii-
men, and in i6<i a charter was granted
by Charles TI. About this time it was
confiJerably augmented by the fettle-
ment of a number of Jew«, who had been
dr'vven out of Cayenne and the Brazils,
whofe defcendants (with other Jews)
compofe at prefent one half of the white
inhabitants of the colony, and are allow-
ed great privileges. In 1667 it was
taken by the Dutch, an-i the ^.nglifli
having got pofleffion ab<>nt the fame
time of the then- Dutch colony of New-
York, each party retained its conquefi,
the Engliflt planters moft of them i-etir-
ed to Jamaica, leavine their flaves be-
hind them, whofe language is ftill
Enelift), but fo corrupted as not to be
iinderftood at firft by an EnglMhman.--
At prefent this colony is in the poflef-
|ion of the Britilh.
PyTCHif AN'i Ptint, a point of land
£ A S t$|
on the Vermtnt fide of kk« Ghiun^
[»lain, about 16 miles 8^ of die CaiMft
ine. The BrititS held a (bttumd Mt
here, garrlfoned by 9r MHem Aiob
the peace of 1783. It has li..^ btdi
delivered up to the United States.
DuxBOROVGH, a marithne towi.1iI|(,
in Plymouth co. Mafiachufteta, incu'
porated in 1637. ao veflels, the great-
er part from 60 to 90 tons, are ovmc^
here. It is a healthy town, and con*
tains 1460 inhabitants } not a greater
number than it contained 50 years aso.
It lies S. by E. of Flymouth, 3 mUcfe
acroi's Plymouth bay by water, and t
round by land, and 38 S. E. by S. of
Bofton. within the harbour are CHarke'a
I. eonfifting of about too acres of ex-
cellent land, and Sauquiih I. which vraa
formerly joined to the Gurnet, by'%
narivw piece of fand ) but the water
has infulated it. The Gurnet is an
eminence at the fouthem extremity of
the bcfich, on which is a light-houft
built'by the flate. The Indian name
of the town was Mattakeefet, orNa-
makeefet. It waa fettled by capfk
Standifli and his aflbciates. The cap-
tain came to Plymouth with the firft ftt-
tlers in 1610.
DvxBVRY, a townfliip in HilUboe.
rough CO. New-Hampfliire, incorpo-
rated in 1763 ; firft called Dant«ick»
joined with Sutton in the enumeriation
of 1 77 ;. It has only 169 inhabitants.
DvxbURY, a townfliip in Chitten-
den CO. Vermont, about so miles S. B.
of Burlington, and contains 39 inhabit
tants.
E
EARL, a townfhip In Lancafter co.
Pennfylvania.
Eastanallee, the north-eaft head
branch of Alabama R. in Georgia, on
which ftands the town of Eaftanallee.
East Bethlehem, a townfliip in
Wafljington co. Pennfyivania.
East Chester, a townfliip in Weft
Chefter co. New- York, on Long-Ifland
found, about 9 miles S. W.. of Rye,
5 northerly of Weft Chefter, and 17 N,
E. of IJew-York. It contains 740 ^n>
habitants ; of whom 106 are eletEli)ra«
and 75 flaves.
Easter, an tfle in the Pacific ocian.
S. K^t.
It it
156 E A S
$. km. ST. I. W. long. 109. 41
barreni and has no frcih watcr.^
, Eastirn ^/ItmJt on the £. CAc of
Cbefapcak bay, at the mouth of Chefter
river.
Eastern-Precinct, in Somerfct
CO. Ncw-Jerfey, contains tc68 inhabt-
tants, of whom 468 are ilaves.
Eastbrn-River, a fettiement in
Hancock co. diftri^l of Maine, conuin>
iue S40 inhabitants.
. £asterton, a village in Dauphin
CO. Pennfyh a, on the E. fide if f^ • '".
quchaonah ii. ^inilesN. byW. o Ilnr-
rilburg, and III N.W.byW. of Phila-
delphia.
East Plorioa. See Tlorida,
East Greenwich, a poll town
ud the chief townfhip in Kent co.
Ilhode-Ifland; 16 miles S. of Provi-
dence, and 2» N. N. W. of Newport,
and coittains iS«4. inhabitants. The
compaA part, called Greenwich town,
Kaa a number of dwelling-houfcs, a
meeting-hutife, and handiome court-
honfti { and, although its coninierce is
greatly fedticed, carries on the fiilseries
to advantage, and fends Come veflels
to the Weft-Indies. It is fituated on
the N. W. part of Nanaganfct bay.
Bath this town and Warwick are noted
for making good cyder} and formerly
lur raifing tobacco (or exportation.
East Hadoam, atownfhip in Mid-
dleiiex CO. Connecticut, fituateJ on the
£. fide of Connedlicut R. oppofite to
Haddani, of which it was formerly a
part. It was fettled in 1704., and lies
14. miles fouthwardly of Middleton,
and SI N. W. of New-Lonv-lon.
Eastham, a townlhip in Bamftable
CO. Maifachuietls, about 10 miles long,
^tuated on the peniniula of Cape Cod,
between Chatham and Weltfl.:et, and
9Scr 100 miles S. £. of Bollon. It
contains 1834 inhabitants.
East Hampton, a toyvnfltip in
Ilimpdiire co. Maflachufettt, 6 miles
S. of Norlh^mpton, and 105 W. by S.
•t 6 iion It contains 457 inhabitants,
and is divided from the W. bank of
Connecticut R. bythe celebrated moim-
•tain ca.ltd Mcunt Tom,
I.AST Hampton, a handfome town
in S'jff ik cf . New York, on the S. E.
c.'r.!l o Long-IHand, i z miles E. N. £.
oi South Hamptun, and 105 E. of New-
'Yoikclty. It nnsn Prdbyterianchurch,
ail Academy, and about 80 dwelling-
E AS
houfet in one ftreet. The towrnAii]i
contains 1497 inhabitants, of whom
si4arecleAors. Gardner"* Ifland is
annexed to this town.
East Hartpord, in Hartfoid co.
ConneAicut, lies on the E. bank of Con-
nc£licut R. oppofite to Hertford. The
compact pruc of it lies in one broad
ftreet a m le and a half in length. Here
are a number of hills on the diiivrent
ftreams whkh water the town} all!)
<n and '* s w rks.
tAfi '-a. fi> a townftip in Nev/-
i' :ti i ./, Coimtfticut, on the £. fide
ii jV?\v. Ji:- 2 harbour. There is a fort
i. mi " nam the nouth of the bay op.
pofite Sn;ith's > ... to defend thf paf-
fage.' The Scotch Captain and other
fniall iflots and rocks lie on the S. fliore.
East Haven, a townftiip in Efllx
CO. Vermont, W. of Maidftone, 11
miles S. E. of the fouthein end of Wil-
loughby's lake, and 18 N. by W. of
the upper bar of the 15 mile falls on,
Conneclicut river.
East Kingston, in Rockingham
CO. New-Hamp<hu'e, a part of Klngf-
ton i which fee. In 1790 it contained
358 inhabitants ; and now 906.
East Main, is that part of New-
Britain, or Labrador, in North-Ameri-
ca, which lies on the E. fide of James's
bay ; as part of New South Waktk on
the W. fuie of the fame bay is called
W^EST NIain
The Hudfon's bay factory called Eaft
Main, is fttuatcd on the S. part of Eaft
Main, between Rupert and Slade rivers,
both of which run weftward into. James's
bay.
Easton, a poft town of Pennfylva-
nia, and capital of Northampton co.
pleafantly fituated at the mouth of the
Lehigh } and on the W. fide of Dela-
ware R. It is regularly laid out, and
contains about 1 50 dwelling houfes, a
church, court- boufe, regifter's office, and
an academy. It is fs miles N. £• of
Bethlehem, and 70 N. of Philadelphia.
Easton, the chief town pf Talbot
CO. Maryland, formerly called Talbot
Cpurt-Houfe, it on theE. fideof Chefa-
peak bay, near this forks of Treadhaven
R, I s mdes from its junction with Chop-
tank R. It has a handfome court- houii»,
and market-hoide ; about 1 50 dwelling,
houfes, and feyeral ftores for thp fppply
of the adjacent country. It if 5 miles
S, weftcrly of Wiliiaiulburg. 37 S. of
Chefta
S A S
Cbefter Town, and ii8 S. W. of Phi-
ladelphia.
Easton^ a towi)(hip in WKfliin^ton
CO. New- York. In 1790 \f '.ontained
»53y inhabitant*, of wh' 4.S were
flavei. By the ftate cenfua ij^f^, it
appear*: that 34^ of it» j^ytici<: inhabi-
tants are ekclors.
Easton, or Eaflown, a .-^ "wfliip * 1-
portant for ita i»*on manufar <;«, fituat-
ed in Brittol '-0 Maflhchnf' .ti, near the
hv^ad of ?^iynh«m R. j 4 mil*f N. W.
of Rapham, and la W. of Bridge-
water. It contains 1466 inhabitant*.
The beft mill-faws in the ftate aremaiie
here- The art of making Heel was in-
troduced here by CapC. Eliphnlet Leo-
nard, in 1786. It is made in quantities ;
and is cheaper than imported fteel, and
equal in quality for large work, fuch as
plough iharesy horfe flioes, &c. which
requu't large quantities of hard fteel.
But forcJge tools, in general, it is found
to he cf inferior quality to what is im-
ported. The manufacture 'of linfeed
oil began here in 179%, and from an an-
nual (iock of 3000 bufl) . iS of feed, there
has been annually produced near 5000
gallons of oil.
Easton*s Beach ^nABay, in the ftate
of Rhode-Ifland, is fcparaced from Sa-
chueaft beach and bay by Eafton's itoint.
Both lie at the foulhern end of Rhode-
Ifland.
East /{. in the ftate of New- York,
and the waters of North or Hudfon R.
form York I. The communication be-
tween North R. and Long-Ifland found
is by Kaft R. along the eaftern fide of
New- York Ifland.
East or North Haven, or ^i-
nefauge R. in Connt£licut, rifes in
Southington, not far from a bend in
Farmington R. and pafling through
Wallingford and North- Haren, empties
into New-Haren harbour. It has been
contemplated to connefl the fource of
this river with Far nmgton R.
East-Town, in Chefter co. Penn-
fylvania.
East-Whitet,and, a townlhip in
Chefter co. Poinfylvania.
East Windsor, a townfliip in Hart-
ford CO. Connefticut} feparated from
Windfor by Conncfticut R. and about
7 miles N. E. of H utford. The com-
pact part of the town lies on one broad
ftreet of about t miles in length. In
the townfttip ar« 3 Congregational
E D B
rSf
churches. The lands ->i-e fertile { vmd
befides thofe articles contqion to fb«
ftate, produce large qaaatitin of good
tobacco.
Eatvn, a fm: ' tov .1 in th^ «orth«
cm part of Suffbrd co. New-H'-.mp-
(hirr j 3 mlkt, N. of the Great Offipee
lu if and abotit 56 N. by W. < i*orti'.
mouth. It was incorporated in 1766,
and cont.-^ins S53 inhabitants'.
£at0N7 OWN, improperly called Ed-
en ti vn, u pleafant village in New-Jer-
iey, about a mile S. ot the town of
sfirrwft>ury, in the fame townfhip. It
is a place of fonie buiinsfs and thriving.
Ebenezer, a poft town, and the capi-
tal of Effingham co. Georgia, feated on
the S.W. bank of Savannah R. 5 mile*
from Alwrcorn, a j N. N. W. of Savan-
nah, 75 S. E. of Leuifvilie, and 860 S.
W. of Philadelphia. It contains but x
few houfes { and was fettled in 1735, by
a number o£ Proteftants driven out of
Saltfljurg, in the Ek£lorate of Bavaria,
by perfecution.
Eden, a townfliip in Hancock co.
diftri^ of Maine, incorporated in 1796^
taken from the northerly part of Mount
Defert.
Eden, a townfliip in Orleans co. Ver-
mont, N. W. of Craftfliury, adjoining.
Edenton, a diftri^l on the fea-coaft
of North-Carolina, bounded N. by the
ftate of Virginia j E. by the ocean j W,
by Halifax diftriA, and S. by Newhem.
It is fubdivided into nine counties, viz.
Chowan, Pafquotank, Perquiminsy
Gates, Hertford, Bertie, and Tyrrel.
It contains 5 3,770 inhabitants, of whom
19,198 are (laves. Its chief town ia
Edenton. The wood is chiefly pine,
oak, cypref^i, and juniper; of all whick
there is abundance.
Edenton, the capital of the above
diftrt^, is a poft town and port of entry,
at the head of a bay on the N. fide of
Albemarle found, and at the N. E. fide
ofthe opening cf Chowan R. It coo*
tams above 1 50 indifferent wooden
byildings, and a few handfome ones*
The public buildings are an aiKienl
brick Epifcopal chuirh, a court-houft
and gaol. In or near the town lived
the proprietary, and the fiift of the
royal governors. Its fltuation is ad«
vantageous for trade, but unhealtiiy;
which doubtlefs has tended to retard
its profperity. Its exports in the yrar
ending SslpHnhcr }0) 1794, amnutcd
»!•
B DI
IMIm nhM of 5e»<4< dollan. It U of
MtttI N. «f Newb«rn» tiy N. N. E.
if WilnlMtMi 910 8, 8. E. ofPettrf.
Iwrgh, mJ 440 8. W. of Philadtl*
|hM» N. ht. )i«6. W.long. 77> ■<•
EoiktON, • ttlantAtion in Hancock
«Ot dUlriA of KUinet containiiig no
iahoMlwtf.
.Kboarton, « port of entry and poA
town oi Maflkchuicttit and the chief
tamo of Dukc^a co» fltuated on the E.
lUc of the Uhnd of Martha** Vineyard.
Tb« fertllt iOand of Chabaquidick it
within the JorifdiAion of Edgarton )
yrbUh haa a finall trade to the Weft-
Indiei. The exports in 1794 for one
3r«ar ending Sept. 30th, amounted to
«»«57 doiiare value. It liea about 14
aiilea 8t of Barnftnble co, on the main,
and f4 miles S. S. E. of Bofton. It was
iBcorportited in 1 67 1| and contains 135a
Snhabitantt.
Edgcomb, a townfhipin Lincoln co.
dillrift of Mainci containing 853 in*
habitants. Itwasincoiporated in 1774,
and lies iSo mites N. by E. of Bofton.
'^DOCOMBi a county of Halifax dif-
trie t N. Carolina, bounded S« by Pitt
CO. S. W. by Wayne co. and Tar R.
which affords it communication with fe-
veral toimtie* in the ftate } W. by Nalh
CO. Mid B. by Martin and Halifax coun-
ties. It contains to,«55 inhabitants,
of whom too9 are (laves.
EDGirilLDCk.in S.Carolina, is the
fouthemmoft in the diftrift of Ninety
Six { boumled N. by Saluda R. which
divides it from Newbury co. ; S. W.
by Savannah R. which lepai-ates it from
the ftatc of Georgia ) £. by Orange-
bnig diftriA, and W. bv Abbeville co.
The ridge of elevated land which di-
vides the waters of Saluda from thole
•f Savannah R. pafles neurly through
the middle of »*:: „—.*'% Edgefield
CO. IB about 34 mile* long and »4.bix)ad,
and cbntatna ii,a89 inhibitants, of
whom %6t9 are fiaves.
Edobfibld Covkt-Hovbk, iothe
•hove county, where is a pott-uifice, is
aomilea from Abbeville court- houfe)
•5 fram Angufta and 60 from Columbia.
Bdoimont, a townfliip in Dela-
ware CO. Pennsylvania s
Emsto, or rmpttt, a navigable river
in S.Caroltna, which rifes in two branch -
OS from a remarkable ridsc in the inte-
rior patt of the ftate. Theie branches
ibdowOrat^ebar^ ^"4|>^i* Aandt
£ o 6
I en the N. farkt ud kfn iBdlfto rtveff
which, having palTcd Jackfonburg, leav*
ing it on the J., branclm and embracet
Edifto; and fevei-al ilnallcr ides.
EdWARD, afbrtin Nova- Scotia, ill
the town of Windfoi') in Hants co. (hid
to be large eitough to Contain too men.
It is fltuated on Avdn.R. which is navi«
Sble thus far for veflcis of 400 tons 1
Die of 60 tons cart go a miles higher.
EbwARb, a fortif^ationin Washing-
ton CO New<York, liow in ruliis. It la
fltuated on the E. bank of Hud(bn R.
nbout 14 miles S. by E. of Folt George^
on the (buthern cxtrettlity of Lake
OeorgCt and 198. by W. of Skcne(bu-
I'ough, on South bay, an arm of lake
Champlain. N. ht. 43. 7. W. loit|f. 74.
Eei. Cove and Rivtft L'tn/t tt la
RMtrt a I'AMguille, on the fovitli fide of
Chaleur bay, is about 3 leagues from
MaligaSh, about weft. This cove
abounds with falinon, and great quanti-
ties of that fifli is taken annilally, by a
few inhnbitants who are fettled nere.
Ebl River /»<(lM»i, inhabit thelandi
on Eel R. a head branch of Wlibaih Ri
They were lately hottiici but ceded
fome land at the mouth of the river to
the U. States, at the treaty of Green-
ville, in 17951 wlien government paid
them a fum o(^ money, and engaged to
pay them in goods, to the value of 500
dollars annually for ever.
EpfinohaM, formerly Leavitftown^
a townlhip in Sti'a/Turd cot New-Hamp-
(hire, S. E. of Olfinee pond, on OfTipce
river, incorporatea in 1766, and has
154 inhabitants «
EPFlNCriAM C04 in the lower diftrift
of Georgia, is bounded by Savannah K i
on the N. eaftward, which feparates it
from S. Carolina { by Ogechec R. on
the S. wellward, which divides it from
Liberty co. It Contains S424 inhahi-
tunts, including 750 flaves. Chief towns^
Ebeneier and Elberton.
Eog-Harboixr, a town in Glob-
ce(ler co. Ncw-Jcrfey, on Great Egg
Harbour ; fuinons for the exportation of
pine and cedar.
Kgg IlARtioiTR Ri Great ano
LiTTLK. Great Egg Harbourriver riles
between Glouccfter and Cumberland
counties, in New-Jerfey. Aftrr run-
ninrE.S.E. a few miles it becomes the
clivifionat line between Cape May and
Glouceder counties, and falls into the
bay of its own name* The ialct from
the;
the AUantl* occm li«a in s«. it. Tht
riv«r «bouna« with OtMpdiMd, rock-
<i(h. Mfch, oyftvt, claim, kc. whkh
And » rtady market it Fhiltdtlphia.
This river in navigable »o milea for
vefl'cli of too tone.
littk Egg Harbour MiU liet about
If milei W. E. of Great Egg Harbour
Inlet. It receive! Multcu* R. which
rile* in Olouccltei and Burlington coun.
tiei, and form* part of thedtvifionalline
a few milci from the bay. It isnaviffa-
ble so mile* tor vefl<U of 60 tone. The
townlhlp of Little Bgg Harbour^ in Bur-
lington CO. confiilt of alvout 13,000
ncrcti tite mott of whiih, being thin
and barren, it not under innprovement.
The compaft part of the townlhip u
called Clam Town, where there 11 a
ineeting-houfe for Fiiindii, and about a
dozen houCcH. It hu.> a fniall trade to
the Weftlndiee. During the late wa
captains Fergufon and Collins burnt
a number of privateer* and other velfcls
in Little Egg Harbour, and deftroyed
the place.
Eco JJlauiit a fniall ifland on the N.
K. fide of Delaware bay, in Cumber,
land CO.
Eg MO NT, an ifland in the Smith Pa-
cific ocean, difcovered by capt, Carteret.
The Spaniard* called it Santa Cruz.
S. lat. 19. 20. £. long, from Green-
wich 164. 30.
EoREMONT, a towndtlp in Berk-
fliire CO. MaflachuH-ttSi containing 759
inhabit.int« incorporated iii 1760—15
mile* S. W. of btockbridgc, and 1^5
W. of Bofton.
EiOHTKEN-MiLE, or Lon^ Biach,
the coalt of New^Jerfey, lie* between
Little Egg Harbour inlet, and that of
Barnegat.
Elbert, a new county, in the upper
dlllri6l of Georgia, on the trail of lan.l
between Tugulo and Broad rivers. The
S. E. corner of the county i* at their
confluence, at the town of Petersburg.
On the N. W. it is bounded by Frank-
lin county.
Elcerton, the feat of juftice in the
above «;o. it 93 mile* N. W. of Peterf-
biirg, and 30 S.E of Franklin court-
houTe.
Elberton, a poft town in Effing-
ham CO. Georgia, on the N.. E. bank oi
Ogeechee R. containing about 30 houfes.
It is about 19 milea W. of Ebenezer,
4S N. W« of Savannah, and 55 S, £,
1 L f tf»
ofLotiifVill*. ;.. Ut. St. tt.4|. W*-
hng. le. %o, ->
K L VTMIKA, or Makm/hr, mm «f tlw
Bahama or Lueaya Iflandt, when aWv*
6e familie* formerly Attlad trndtr Dtp*
Qcr. Holme*, and trtfted • ftnall fort.
EtiAi, Mount St. amoumtinnttr
the diore of the N. W. eotft of Nartli^
America, N. W. of Admiralty Bty,tiiA
S. E. of Prince WiUiara*a (bund.
ELIZAIKTMrCAfB. 8«e Ci^ MM*
aabttb and Ca/et Bay,
ELiaSABETH Citv C; In Virghiit,
lie* between York and Janka mcr*«
having Warwick and York countlea on
the W. and Che fa pest k bay on the B*
and N. There are feveral fmall iilandt
on its fea-eoart, the chief of which nrf
Long and Egg ifianda. Point Comfutt
is the S. caltern extremity of the eo»
It cont?iins 34.50 inhabitant*, of whom
1I76 are (lave*.
Elizabeth JJatufs, feveral flnall
ifland* on the S. B. fide of Butt??xl'a
bay, extending S. weflerly from the ct-'
tremity t«f Bamllable co. in Maffacbu-
fetts, and bearing N. W. from Martha^t
Vineyard ) fituated between 41 . 14. and
41. 32. N- lat. and between 70. 38. and
70. 56. W. lortg. They are about id
in numbur { the chief oi which are Nt"
(hawn, Pafqui; Na(hawenna, Pinequefe,
and Chatnlnuik illand*. AH thefe be-
long to Duke's county.
Elizabeth, a fliort fouthcm arm of
James R. in Virginia. It affords an ex-
cellent harbour, and lar^e enough for
300 fliip*. The channel is from 1 59
to aoo fathoms wide ; and at common
flood tide it has 18 fiect water to Nor-
folk, which ftand* near tl.c mouth of it*
ealtem branch. The S. branch rifca
in the Dil'mal Swamp. Craney ifland,
at the mouth of Elizabeth, lie* 5 mile*
S. W. of Point Comfort, at the moutb
of Jame* river.
Elizabeth's Island, Qvebk, i»
the ftratts of Magellan, in S. America^
Here frefli water, herbs fit for fallad^
and wild fowl may be had in great
plenty. The fliores alio abound with
(hcU-fifli.
Elizabeth, a townfliip in Lancalhr
CO. Penniylvania, containing about 30
houfe*, and a Dutch church; 18 mile*
N. VSr. by W. of Lancatter, and 84. W.
by N. of Philadelphia.
Elizasbthtown, a po^ tovttn and
borough, IfiEflcy ooonty, New.jcrft^t
pleaiantljr
i6» ILK
f^•AMlx fltMttcd on a AruiH cr«rk
which cmpiict Sitto Arthur KuU. lu
Ml is t^ml to any in the ftatv. In the
■ nnip t O pvrt of the towrit there ai« a-
liout 150 houTei* two brick churchei,
ON for Prefbytcriane, very handfume,
Iha ether for Epifcopnliane, and an
•cademy. ThU it one of the okleA
town* in the ftatc* bavina been uurchaf-
•d of the Imliane as early as 1064, and
tetkd ibon after. It llr* 6 miles fouth-
criy of Newark, and 15 S. W. by W.
ef No»-York.
KtlZABRTHTOWN, a village of Al-
kuluuiy CO. Pennfylvania, iituaicd on
tht 8. £. Ode of MoiKMtgithela R. be-
twttn Redftone Old Foit, and Pitiniurg,
•bout it miles from each, and C above
the HMuth of the You^hagany. Many
hoata are built here lur the trade and
ctnifratiou to Kentucky, ami in the en-
viroaa are feveral law mills. N. lat.
49. 13. W. long. 79. ai.
ELIZABETHTOWt»> a poft town of
Maryland, and' capital of Wafhington
00. iormerly called Hagarftown, feated
in tlie fertile valley of Conesocheague.
It haa feveral flreets rrgularw laid out.
The houltfs are principally built of brick
and flooe, in number about 300. Epif-
copolians, Prrfbyterians, and German
Lutherans have each a church. The
coun-houle and market- houie are hand-
ibmc buildings, and the gaol.is of ftone,
fnd ftthttantial. The trade with the
veftem country is coniideiablej nnJ
there are anumher of mills in the neigh-
bourhood, on Antietam creek. See
iiagarftown.
ELiaABETHTOWN, the chief towm
•f Tyrrel co. in Edenton diftri£l,
Korth-Carolina, has a gaoUcourt-houfe,
and a few dwelling-houfes. It is 40
icilea frofn Fayetttville, and 55 frcn
Wilmington.
EuzABETHTOWN, a poft town and
the chief in Bladen co. N. Carolina, is
fituated on the N. W. brsnch of. Cape
Fear. It contains a coiirt-houfe, gaol,
and about 3» houfes ^ 36 miles fouth-
ward of Fayettevilie, and 47 N. W. of
Wilmington.
£lk, a creek in Northumberland co.
Pennfylvania, which uniting with Penn''s
creek, falls into the Sufqueliaanah, 5
noiiet below Sunbury.
Elk, a navigab) . river of the eaiier»
ihore of Maryland, which rifes in Chef-
tcr CO. Pennfylvania, by two branches }
ELM
Bi(( and LHtla Blk crctkc. At tbtir
confluence ianda Elkton. The canals
in contemfftatimi ffons Elk R* to Dela-
ware bay, are noticed under Deiawaro
bay.
Elk, a fhort navigable river* in the
(late of Tenneflcei It rifes on the N.
W. fide of Cumberland mountain, vuna
S. weflerly, and falU into the Tenneflee
a Utile above the Mufcle Oioals { about
40 miles W. N. W. of the Creeks*
eroding Place.
Elkhokn, a fmall water of Kentuc-
ky river. The Elkhom lands art much
eftecmed, Iteing fituated in a bend of
Kentucky river, inPay^ttr co. In which
this fmall river, or creek, rifes.
Elk Lake, one of the chain of fmall
lakes which connects the lake of the
Woods with lake Superior. N. lat.
48. 41. W. long. $3.
Elkridge, a fmall town in Ann
Arundel co. Maryland, fituated on the
S. bank of Patapfco R. and on the W.
fide of Deep Run. This place is fa-
mous for the bright tobacco called
kUfifoot. It it 8 miles S. W. of Bal-
timore, and 19 N. W. of Annapolis.
N. lat. 39. la. 30;
Elkton, a poft town of conlklerable
trade, nt the head of Chefapcak bay,
in Maryland, and the capital of Cecil cu.
It is iituared at the confluence of the
head branches of Elk R. 13 miles from
its mouth at Turkey Point, and a mile
above French town. The tide flows up
to the town, and it enjoys great advan-
tages from the carryine trade, between
Baltimore and Philadelphia, Up aids
of 250,000 bufliels of wheat are coi ef^'
ed here annually, for fupplying thoie
markets, or the neighbouring mills.
Elkton conHfts of one ftreet, in which
are about 90 houfes, a court-houfe, and
gaol. On the W. fide of the town is
an academy. It is ts miles S. W. of
Chridiana bridge, 10 N. £. of Charlef.
town, 47 S. W. of Philadelphia, and 56
N. E.pf Baltimore.
Ellington, a townfliip of about
100 families, in Tolland co. Connefti-
cut. It lies about is miles N. E. of
Hartford city, and 6 W. of Tolland.
Ellis /{. in the diftriA of Maine, is
a branch of Saco river.
Elmore, the fouthemnaoft townfliip
In Oiieans co. In Vermont,) and con-
tained, by the cenfus, only la inhabit-
ants.
EmkrtV
ixtr
Ijoo tflM. An iq«nl number If AlTe
•mpltiyad In tN for^tridti tbMf t«
tJit Wcil.Indin. Tht fitMHon ot' thja
pbct Will fiiir (at cxtcnfive populntion.
Th« public edifices are a Coii|;regxtion>
■I churcbffii M elegant buiklinK appro,
priatsd fi>rthe«caclemyi ahamilemr md
capaciouecourt'houif, Mhl agaol. The
piiblic office! of the ftate are kept here
M prefent. Befidet the celebrated Ex
cter academy, then are here an Englilh
lchool> and 6 or t private fchooh, chief*
iy for females.
This townfliip it. of irregular figure,
and about 4 miwi fquare. It was in-
corporated in t6]t| prior to which,
it had the name of Swamfcot Falls,
from the fall* of th« river, which fepa-
rate the frefli- from the tide watery
where the body of the town ia fituated }
chiefly on the weftem fide of the river.
The number of inhabitanta in 1 7 7 5, wai
1 74'*-- anC in 1790, i7s«. It ilea 54.
milei N. of Bofton, and 401 N. E. of
Philadelphia. N. Iat4*. 59. W.long.71.
" PhDlipa Exeter Academy" was
founded and endowed by the hon. John
Phillips* LL. O. of Exeter, and incor-
f orated by a£l of Aflemblv in 1781,
t is a very refpeAable ana ufefiil in*
ftitution, under the infpcAion of a
board of truitees, and the immediate
government and inftruAion of a precep-
tor and m afliftant. It has a Aind of
^.15,000, a part of which is in lands
not yet produAive. The prefent an-
nual income, is £.^^.^0. It has com-
monly between 50 and 60 fludents. In
1794, a building was ereAed, 76 by 36
feet, two ftories high { which in point
of convenience, and perhaps elegance,
is exceeded by few (niildrngs olF the
kind in the United States.
ExETBR, the N. weftcrmnoft town-
fliip in Wafliington co. Rhode-Ifland
flate, hu North-Kingfton on the E. and
Voluntown, in Connralicut, on the W.
The feveral branches of Wood R. unite
here, and take a S. courfe between
Hopkinton and Richmond. It contains
9495 inhabitants, of whom 37 areflaves.
ExBTER* a townlhip in Luzem co.
Fennfylvania.
ExBTE R, a town in New-Hanover co.
in Wilmington difbria/N. Carolina}
fituated on the N. E. branch of Cape
Fear, about 36 miles N. from Wilming.
ion, and t* from the N. rivtor.
9AI
•^
fkvalsd M tbt B. of tin Omt Ba*.
between Stockiai Mka on ibt 9. W. Ml
Long'MIe M tht B. Is b a«w mWin.
hitfd, eMctMinji twofiimiNca, yti U ont
of the bcfl ot^tht Bahwnasi not aplr
tor its fertility, but for tlw cxctUsncn
of its anchoring gromnit In the iomw l
to which it gives name » where all tksr
Britifh navy conid ride In Mny, If*
lat. 14. 30. W. lonff. 74. 3«.
ExuMA SmmJ, lies E. of the Onnc
Bahama Bitnk, between it and the ilk
of Ouamhani. N. lat. 14. W. long. 75.
F
r^BIAME, a river in Loutfiana,
which runs 8. eaftward into th«
Miffifippi, tnN. lat. 39. 30.1 limllM
above Jaftioni R. and 50 below tht
Iowa town and rapids.
Fabii;i, one of the military lown-
fliips in New-Yoric.
FAiRrAX Ct. In Virginia, Isabont
*S miles long, and it broad | en tht
W. bank of Potewmack river. It con*
tains ia,3te inhabitants, of whom 4574
are flaves. Chief town, Alexandria.
Fairfax, a townfhip in Franklin c«.
Vermont, B. of Oeoi^a, and on th«
bank of La Moille R. and contains S54.
inhabitants j and is about 9 miks firwn
lake Champlain.
Fairpiild, a plantation in Lincofai
CO. diftrlA of Maine, on the 8. E. bank'
of Kennebeck R. 8. of Canami, and op*
pofite Hancock; about 17 miles froaa
Pittftown, and 7 from Fort HaliAul. k
contains 49a inhabitantsi and ia aaf
miles N. E. of Bofton.
Fairfield, a new townfkip in Her*
kemer county. New- York.
F/^irfield, a townfliip in Frankl&i
CO. \ ennont, E. of St. Alban*s ) and
containa 1*9 inhabitants. It isismilea
S. of the Canada line, and as far fixNm
the nearefi part of lake Champlain.
Fairfield, a townfliip in WiAlngi-
ton CO. New- York. By tlie ftate ccn-
fus of 1796, $9 f its inhabitants art
eI«6lors.
Fairfield, a townlhip in Cumber-
land CO. New- Jerfey, on Cohanay cfeek»
and at the head of Black creek} *$
miles S. by E. of Salem, in Salem co^
Fairfield 60. inCornvBAicut/iatbc
S. weftcnunoft in the Bit»f bounded
xM
T AI
W*- ty the ftite of New. York, E. by
^w-Haven co. N. bvLttrhfield, andS.
by I<ong-Ifland ibuna. Ittihapeisvery
irreKulBr. It is divided into 1 3 town-
Ihipa, of which Faii-field and Danhury
are the chief) and contains 36»aso in<
babitantii including 433 flaves. It is
f-j/aratcd from New.Haven co. and part
of Litchfield co. by Stratfqrd R. The
other parts of the country are watered
ty batkll Arenms, as Sagatuck, Saico,
T^zsnoak, Five \<'.le, Kodens, Mill,
^^xiMayamus river^. Several harbours,
ar;i^ a numt^^t of fmall ides lie along the
ibvndt in the towns of Greenwich,
Stamford, Norwalk, Fail field, and Strat-
ford. The >'ace cf the county is rough,
but the foil i.s g^ood.
• Fairfield, the UHquvwa of the In-
dians, a poll town and port of entry of
CiMine£licut, and capital of tho auove
county, is pleafantly fuuated on Mill
Run, a little above iti entrance into
I<ongIfland found, xi miles S. W. by
W. of New. Haven. a"d 64 From New-
York. It eonuins about 100 houfes,
a neat Congregational church, and a
court-houfe. About 4 miles N. W. of
the body of the town, and in the town-
ihip is the beautiiul parifli of Green.
AeU, in which is a flourifliing acaden^y.
A' high emintnce in the centre of the
parilh commands a delightful profpeft,
Fairfield was fettled from Weatherf-
iield in i£39, and in 1736 contained
400 families. It was burnt by a party
pf tories and Britifh* under tlie com-
jnand pf gov. Tiyon, ir 1777 ; the lofs
fuftained, ainounted to upwards of
^.40,000. Fairfield, carries on a con-
siderable trade to the W. Indies. The
exports for one year, ending Sept. 30th,
17941 ^moimted to 77,4zs dollars,
FAiRFiEifP, a townlbip in Weft-
niorelaikl to, Pennfylvania.
Fairpielp Co. iii Camden difl:ri£^,
8. Carolina, between WatereeR, which
tiiyides it from Lancader co. snd Bread
R. which feparates it from N.wbucy
and ynior, counties. It contains 6138
white inhabitants, and 1485 flaves* Its
chief town 19 Win(borough.
Fairhaven, in Briitol co, Mafla.
fehuiietts, lies ^n (he N, W. fide of Quz-
)iar^-» bay, and op the eaftern fnle pf
AccuQmet rivdr, oppotit« tp Jiedford ;
W' • lee.
Fairhavbn, a conlid(;rab!e town
ilup in Ki)ti«Ait <», VtjMip«:. N. Mr . pf
F A L
PpultAey. It conuins 545 inhabitantf,
and is 51 miles N. of Bennintiton.
Fairlee, a town(hip in Orange co.
Vermont, on the W. bank of Conne£ii.
cut R. 16 miles N. of Dartmouth Col-
lege. The townfliip is hilly, but of a
g(Mkl' foil, And has feveral glades of ex.
cellent land. It contains 463 inhabit,
ants.
Fair Weather, Cape, on the E.
coaft of Patagonia, in S. America, Kes
northerly from Cape Virgin Mary. S.
lat. 51. 45. W. long, from Greenwich
68. 10. ,
falkT-anp IJUs, lie at no great dif.
tance from the ftraits of Magellan, at
the utmoft extremity of S. America,
between 50. and 5$. W. long', and 51,
and 53. S. lat. Thefe iflands were dif.
covered by Sir Richard Hawkins, in
^591-} the chief of the two iflands he
named HawktHs' MaidenUuid, in honour
of Qufen Elizabeth. The foil of thefe
iflands is bad, and the fliores are beaten
by perpetual ftorms. A Britifli fettle,
ment was made here, of which they were
dil'pofleflixl by the Spaniards, in 1770,
foon after it had been tttabliflied. The
Spaniards now fend criminals to thefe in-
hofpitable Oxott^ from their fettlcment«
in America.
Fall R. is an inconfideraMe ftream,
rifmg in Wacuper Pond, in Rhode-Ifl*
and, and af:«r a ftjort N. W. courle,
empties into Taunton river.
Falls, a townfliip in Bucks county,
Peiiniyivania.
Fallen City, or Old Jeru/aUfit, a
range of rocks among the Virgin ifies
in the Wett-Iudies, S. W. ot Virgin
Gorda. N.lat. 18. lo.W. long.6i. 53,
Falling Springs a branch of James
R. in Virginia, where it is called Jackr
fon's river, rifmg in the mountain-xo miles
S. W. of the Warm Spring. The water
falls over the rock »oo feet, which is a-
bout 50 feet higher than the fall of Nia-
gara, between the (heet of water an^ tlie
rock below, a man may walk acrofs dry.
Falmouth, a townfliip, formerly
including Portland, in Cumberland co.
Maine, containing 2<;9i inhabitants, '^It
is fituated on Calco bay, ii0 miles N.
N. E. of fioHon . Incorporated in 1 7 1 8 .
Falmouth, a townfliip in Hants
CO. Nova Scotia} fituate«l on the S. E.
fide of the fiafin of Minas oppofite
W^:nd(or, 78 miles N. W. of Halifax.
|*'almovt^, a maiitimc townfliip iit
jpainliabl?
FAR
B»rnftaHle CO. Mafliicht:rettd, fthiated
on the N. E. partrftheVineyatxl found,
on the W. fide of the bay of its name ;
77 miles S. E. by S. of Bofton, 1 8 from
Sandwich,, and 9 frqm Holme*s Hole.
It was incorporated in 1686, and con-
tains 1637 inhabitants. N. lat. 4.1.
33 W. long. 70. 35. It is a poft town.
Falmouth, a poft town in Stafford
CO. Virginia, fituated r>- ' he N. bink of
Rappahannock river, r, y oppofite to
FiedericLlburg;. It h ureg^'ilariy built,
and containd an Spiicopaiian church
and about 150 houfcs. It is 13 miles
S. W. of Dumfries, 70 N. by E. of
Richmond, and X07 S. wefterly of Phi-
ladelphia. Conilderable quantities of
tobacc* are ini\; Sial here.
Falmouth, a town in Lancafter co.
Pennlylvania, (ituated on the S. E, fide
of Conawago creek, xo miles wefterly of
Lancal^er. It has b^n lately laid out.
Falmovth, a town and harbour on
the S. ftiore of the ifitnd of Antl^-.sa, in
t*ie Weft.Indies. Itl a8Engli(hha,rbour
on the £. and Kendezvour bay on the
W. ; and fituatf' in St. Paurs parifli,
at the N. W. corner of the harbour,
which is well fortified.
Falmouth, in the ifland of Jamai-
ca, innhe W'efl- Indies, commonly call-
ed the Point, is fituated on the S. fide
of Martha Brae harbour ; and including
the adjoining villages of Martbu Brae
and the Rock, is compofed of aso
houfes. Here 30 capital Rationed Ihips
load for Great Britain, exciufive of
iloops and ihialler craft.
False Cape Horv, the fouth-weftem
point of Terra del Fueeo.
Falsington, a village in Pennfyl-
vania, in Bucks co. li miles N. E.'of
Philadelphia.
Famine Port, a fbrtrefs feated on
the N. E. coaft of the ftraits of Magel-
lan, in S. America. Here a Spanifli
garrifon perifhed for want j fince which
time it has been negle6led> S. lat. 55.
44. W. long. 70. »o.
Fan net, a townibip in Franklin co.
Pennfylvania.
Fa^'ier Co. in Virginia, is bound-
ed N. by Loudon and £. by Prince
William. It is about 55 miles long
and 20 broad, and contains 17,891 in-
habitants, of whom 664s are nav«:s.
Farewell, Cape, the S. point of
Weft Greenland, on the N. fid« of the
£14 ;-rinc« of Davis'ii draitf } Neith Ame-
F A Y 1^7
rica. U. lat. 59. 37. W. Ions;. 4».4«.
Farmingtok, a very fl^ouriOiiDg
townfhip of excellent land) in Linedn
CO. diftrifl of Maine, on jSandy river*
35 mites N. W. of Hallowiell, 30 Ikiht
coiTrfe from Harrington, 9nd 104 N. N.
E. of Bofton. Number of inhabitants,
about I too. A very few years finc0
this towiifhip was a wildernefs.
Farmington, a large, pleafant, ml
wealthy town in Hartford co. Connec-
ticut, lomilesS. W. of Hartfbrd city,
31 N. E. of New-Haven, and %% E. of
Litchfield. Farmington river, a water
of ConneAicut, m«andera delightfully
through charming intervale^, whicK
beautify and enrich this town. The
houfes, in the compaft part of this
town, (land chiefly on a ftrect which'
runs N. and S. alone the- gentle decliv-
ity of a hill, which aicends E. of the in-
tervales i about the centre of the ftreet
(lands a large and faandfotpe Oingrega-
tional church. This town was fettled
as early ai 1645, and its limits then
were very extenfive. Several towns
have been fince taken from It.
Farmington, afmallriverofCori*
nfffticut, which pafTes through the towni
of Farmington, where it receives Cam-
bridge orPoquabockR. fromthe 8. W.
when it acquires the name of Wind for
R. and falls into Connecticut R. in the
town of Windfor, about 4 mile« above
Haii'ford city.
Favourable Lake, in N,Iat.5x.46.
W. long. f$. 10. is the fource of two
large rivers, at the nttouth of one of
which, emptying into Winnipeg lake,
(lands the Canadian houfe. The other
is the 8. W. branch of Severn riycr.
Fawn, a townfhip in York co. Peun-
fylvania.
Fayettb, afeitlement In Tioga co.
New- York, between the Unadilla and
the main branch of the Chenengo. It is
laid out into 100 lots of a (quare mile
each, as^ nearly as the ground will per-
mit.
Fayette Co. in Pejinfylvanii., is
bounded N. by Wt (Imorelandj «. by
(>art of Maryland and Virginia, and. W.
ly MoHongahela R. It !:« -^^ miles in
length and 29 in breadth, and contains
473,180 acres J divided into 11 town-
(hips, of which Union is the chief. The
number of inhahitantii is I3i3>5, cf
whom ?8» are flaves.
Favette, ftdiltrift of N. Carolina,
X> 4 comprehending;
ccfoipnefaending <|, countlef « vtx. Moore,
CvunberUnd, Sampfon, ^.ichniond, tlo-
t^fpn, wd i^fon. It is bounded N.
by Hilliborough, S. E.by Wii()nington
awl Mewbelto, W. by Saliibury, and S.
bVtHe iCtate of S. Carolina. It it i«o
milea to kng^h, and 50 in breadth, and
c»nica>n> 34»oao inhabitants} of whom
5,678 are flaves>
' FAYBTTBVILI.B, fo caUed in hQnour
of the Marquis Xa Fayette, a floufilhirig
])oft .town of North-Carolina, the feat
^fjufti^e for the above diftrifl, and plea-
ftntly fituated in Cumberland co. on
the W. fide of the N. W. branch of
Cue Fe^rl^. nearly at the headof navi-
^ttwn, and loainiles above Wilming-
ton, and 61 foutherly of Raleigh. On
^ bank df the river, ftand a few build-
ings and tte tobacco warefaoufes, which
have received io one feafon 6000 hhds.
of tobacco, equal in quality to that of
|^^ci<burgh. Tbe compafk part of the
iovm is fituati^tt about a mile froih the
river, near the jiin3;ion of Blount's and
Crofs creek } on which h& it is chiefly
ercftcd, and from that circum'ftance
was tormerly named Crofs Creek. On
both iides the creek are about 400
botfiiss, % hahdibme edifices for the fu-
pvevntf diftrift, and coilDty courts, and
the meetings of the town officers arid its
Citizens. The Free Mafoiifc* lodge is
al^ a large and handfome building.
^tht town IS regularly laid out, 'and its
principal fti-eets are 100 feet wide. Here
9re three mills, two confiderable diflil-
kries and breweries, and federal exten-
sive tan yards. The trade to Wilming-
ton is very confiderable, to which it
fends down tobacco, wheat, flour, beef,
pork, flax-feed, hemp, cotton, butter,
lumber, ftaves, naval ftores, &c. The
boats ufed in traafporting theie articles
to. Wilniington, contain about lao bar-
rels, and make their returns of Euro-
pean and India gcKxls, &c. in from 10
to ao days. The fituation of the (own
is agreeable and healthy, and well adapt-
ed for eftablifliingntanuiaiWies. The
country imnriediately round the town is
conliderably elevated, and the fail dry
and barren j Jbut near, the water courles,
which are numerous, the foil in as rich
as any in the ftate. Since the fire in
1791, which deftroyed many houfes,
the peuple begin to build with brick,
which are here made of a good quality,
awd ibid reaibuabljr, Tht? tgmi ftaadi
ye
in a feltlement of Scotch Uigblandert^
and is 55 miles N.^ W. of Camden ixi
S. Carolina, lOoS. W- of Taiborough;
147 S. W. by 8. of Halifax, 379 8- W
W. of Waftington city, and'5»6 S. W.
by S. of Philadelphik.
Fayette, a cb. of l^tucky, fur-
rounded by Clarke, Bourbon, Scott,
Franklin, Woodford, Maddiibn, and
Mercer cbuntier* Chief town Lexing-
ton,
Faystomtn, a townfliip in Chitten-
den CO. Vei-mont, uifiihhabited in 1790.
Fear Point, Cape, at the mouth
of Cape Fear R. in N. Carblina, 4
miles S. S. £. of the llght-houfe oii
Bald Head.
Federal City, %ttWafla$^m eity.
FederalsburGj a village m Mary-
land, on the 'E. fide of Chefapeak buy^
fituated on Marfliy Hope creek, partly
in Dorchefter and partly in Caroline co.
5 miles'E.N.E. of Hunting-Creek town,
and about kd (1. E.'of Cambridge.
Fe d'Amtiochia, Santa, tnemofl;
noi^hem totlm of Popayan, a diflrifl of
Terra Firma, S. America. It is fitu-
ated loO milM N. of Po^aykncity, near
the confines of the province 6f Cartha>
gena, on the banks '>f St. Martha river,
and near ifo miles S. of its conflnkwith'
*he Magdalena. Thither the inhabit-'
ants removed from Antiochia, 1 5 leaeuet
from it, now an inconfiderable puce,'
whereas Santa Fe d' Antiochia is a coafi*
derable jpiace, ami capital of the audi-
ence of Santa Fe.
F2 de Bagota, ^anta, the capi-
tal of New-Oranada, S. America, fitua-
ted on the banks of the little river Pati,
a water of the Magdalena f is iSo miles
K. of the bottom of Bonaventura bay.
It is an arch-bi(hop*s fee, and the feat
of an univerfity founded by king Philip
III. in x6io. Ne^ this city are gold'
mines . The air is teihper&te and health-
ful, and provifions plenty. S. lat. 4.
10. W. long. 74. 5.
Fe, or FOY, Santa, a place in the
middle of Veragiia, a province in the
audience of Guatimala, ih North Ame-
rica, where the king of Spain keeps of-
ficers for cading and refining gold. It.
(lands at the fourceof ariver which runs
into the North Sea.
Fe, Santa, the capital of New- Mex-
ico, inN. America. It is iitilatednear
the fource of Rio del Nort, 130 Icagxtes
ffsm in tmut^i ia tbv gulf of Mt»icQ<
. JButltYV il. a findl xittthx i^cn^f-
f^; which nmi S. E'. intotHe Temicflee,
7 mlln N. l^ E. 6f the i^outh of Qinth
rivjcr. - '
, Bmmav«V a Monnrl^ fettlemsnt, S
!mi|«« from Bethlehem, in PennfylYtnia.
, EMMttniib, or Bmmt/hirghf a
flourifliiiM^vUIafte in. Fkederi^k co. Ma-
ryland» nraatra between Flat Run and
Tom's qteky weftem heiid water! of
)the Monococy, and abodit a lAile S. of
the Pennfylvania line, tt i>, 44 miles
N..E. by £. of Frederiekf and. 50 N.
W. of Baltimore. N. lat. 39. low
EnchanVed Mountaitit See Tennef-
^ Endless Mtkiaamst a name fome-
^tlrnes applied to the Alleghaiiy moun«
tains. . , .
, Endeavovr StraHst are between
the N. point of New-Holland, and the
fS. coaft of Kew-Guinea. S. lat. 10.
£. long, from Paris 140.
. Enfibld, a townfltip inHartford co.
Conne£Ucut, on the E. bank of Con-
ne^icut R. dppofite to Suffield, and
bounded on the N. by the Maflacbu-
letts line : It was gi-anted by the court
of Maflachufetts, to Sprlngl^eld, in 1648,
and Was fettled in k68i. In 1769 it
contained 2i4.Englilh families. In the
town are two Congregational churches,
and a meeting-houfe for Shakers. The
compaft part of the town, contiguous
t.o tlis river, is very pleafa^t. It is 16
or 18 miles N. of Hartford.
. Enfield, a townfhip in Grafton co.
New-Hamp(hire, about xi miles S. £.
of Dartmouth CoUrge. It was incor-
porated ill 1761, and has 7*4 inhabit-
ants, chiefly fai'mers. .
Enganno", Trompeur, or Falfe
Cape, is the eafterrtmoft land of the ifl-
ani of St. Domingo, s| leagties north-
erly of Point de I'Ep^e, and 42 S. E.
of Cape Raphael, or Round Mountain.
N. lat. 19. 3. W.long. from Paris 71.
English Harftour, one of the beft
harbours in the ifland of Antigua, on
the S. fhore, a mile S. E. of the mouth
of Falmouth harbour. It is Well forti-
dtd, and has a royal navy ya"rd and ar-
fen>.J, with conveniencits tor cai-cening
fliips of war. N. lat. 17. 8. 25. W.
Ibiig. 61. t7. 30.
English NEicHfit>VRHooD, a vll-
ttge in Bergen c». NcvO. Jcrfry, on a N.
trf
tSi
C. hruuih of Haekln&ek R. W. oft
andiA the ▼leUiitjrikfFort Lee.
£.N<:>Li*HTOiVli» in Nc«r.Jerfey» i
fmaS viUaee in like N. weftcim jmutc oi
Monmotitn co. aa the road from riiiice*
town tp Shr&K^iay, it mile* frbni the
fnntfer« 6 "W. of Monmouth c<!iurt-'
houtk, and it E. of Prihcetown.
EttrcLisH TVRM. 'See Ditmr dei
Emo* a rivet in N. Carolina, T»hich
united with Little and Flat rivers isi
Oitunge co. and fbrms the Netis, attou^
17 miles beloVir Hilllborough.
Enorbe, a N. W. branch of Broadi
R. in S. Carolina. It fej^arates Pihck-
ney and Ninety-Six diftndt, and j<»na
Broad R. about 5 miles bflow Tyger R..
Enosburg, a townfliip in Frankliii
CO. Vermont, about 18 or ao miles £.
of Swantown.
Ephrata, or Dunkard Tooms, a vil-
lage in Lancafter CO. Pennfylvania, Ittu-
ated on the N. W. fide of Calico creek,
which, joining the Coneftoga, falls int9
the Sufqueltaniiah. It lies %% miles N^
of the town of Lancafter, and up-
wards of 60 W. of Philadelphia, It is
fituated in a romantic and iequeftered.
vale, and poflen'ed by a religious com-
munity called Tunkersy who are moftly
of German defcent, and believe in gene-
ral redemption. They ufe great platn-
nefs of drefs and language, and will
neither fwear, nor fight, nor go to law,
nor take intereft for the money they
lend. They have many peculiarities}
but their innocent manners have ac-
quired them the name of the harmlefs
Tunkers. This fettlement is fomctimes
called Tunker*s Town, and confilts of
about 40 buildings \ of which 3 are
places of woi'ftiip. They fubfift by
cultivating their lands, by attending a
pruiting- office, a giift-mill, a paper-
mill, an oil- mill, &c. and the fillers by
fipinning, weaving, fewing, &c. fie-
ndes this congregation at Ephrata, there
were in 1770, 14 others of this feft in
varimis parts of Pennfylvania, and fome
in Maryland. The whole,' exclufive of
thofe in Maryland, amounted to up-
wardc of zooo fouls.
ErpiNG, a plantation in the didriA
of Maine, of about 25 familes, iz miles
from Narraguague.
EppJNO, a townlhir in Rockingham
CO. Ncw-Fampfture, tnkcn from the N'
W. part of Exeter, and incorporated in
JU
x$z
£RI
1741. In 1790 it contained u}3, now
1740 inhabitant!. It it 6 mi)c> N. W.
of Exeter^ tad iS W. of Portlinouth.
, ErSoM. a (ownfliip in Rockingham
i6. Newr.HampQiire^ liet E. of Pem-
broke» adjoining j 1 miles E. of Con-
cord, and 36 miles U. W. of Portf-
mciuth. It was incorporated in i7>7}
in 1775 '* contained 387, and in 1790,
799 inhabitants.
Erie, Fort, a ftrong fortification
in Upper Canada, fituated on the N.
ftore of take Erie, and on the V^. bank
of Niagara R. 17 miles S. by £ of Ni-
agara Fort, and 18 above the carrying
place at the Falls of Niagara. N. lit.
4a. 59. W. lotig. 7S. 20. 30.
Erie, a lake of the fourth magnitude
in North-America, and through which
runs the line between the United States
and Upper Canada. DEtroit R. on
the W. brings the waters of the great
lakes with which lake Erie has a com-
munication on the N. W. and Niaga-
ra R. on the E. forms its commtmica-
tion with the waters of lake Ontario and
the river St. Lawrence. It is iituated
between 41. and 43. N. lat. and be-
tween 78. 48. and 83. W. long. Its
form is elliptical. Its length is about
at5 miles ; and its medium breadth
about 40. It affords good navigation
for (hipping of any burden. The coafl
on both iides of the lake is generally fa-
vourable for the paflage of batreaux and
canoes. Its banks in many placeii have
a flat Tandy /hore, particularly to the
eaftward of the pentiitiila called Lortg
Point, which runs upwards of 1 8 miles
into the lake, and being compofed of
land is very conven'ent to haul boats out
of the furf upon it, when the lake is
too rough for i'ailing and rowing ; yet
in fonie places, chiefly on . the S. fide
towards both ends of the lake, it
would be dangerous to approach and
impofltblc to land, by reafbn of the per-
pendicular height of 'J': rocks. Some
of thele, (as at Cr .■; ♦'»; whirh ar<^ al-
ready delcribed) aie ma^r''-'^-! ?^* bevjr:!
defcription, and muft aUb '" "-.irearcau
In the holdtft bre"r.ft., w'v^n viewed from
the water. Lake f>iv h.v. a ^u:a\. yx.
Titty of fine fifli, ^b'i aa f-rrsfer , <t).,
white fiJh, trout, fxr .1., jrc. .Lak-s
Huron and Michtga; 1 fort? ? vrmoun:-
cation with lake Et\e, b; ;fiv > of ''
feet diaught. There are jswita; i j;^y
lie waters of lake Erie i a.ft i*i4 \V«.
E 3 C
badi, Great Miami, Muftinflum, txi
Alleghany, from s to 16 iniict. The
portage bstween tlic Ohio ami Potow.
niac will be about ao mites, «when the
t>bltruftions in the Monongahela aid
Cheat rivers are removed.
Erie's, an Indian nation, called by
the French du Chat, or Cat-nation.
The) were extirpated by the Iroquois
about the year. 1055. Were U not for
the lak'. which ftilt bears the '.lame of
that nntion, onti' would not haye known
that they ever exifted.
Erroi., afmall town on lakeUinba-
gog, in the N. eafternmoft lettled part
of Grafton co. New-Hamp(hire, incor-
porated in 1774. •
Ervine, a townflilp in Ontario co..
New- York. Of its inhabitants 93 are
qualified to be electors.
Escambia, one of the tnoft confider-
able risers that fall into the bay of Pen-
facola in Weft-Florida, empties itfelf
near the head of the N. branch, about
I a or 15 miles from Fenfacola, throu[{h
fcveral marches and channels, which
have a number of iflands between them,
that ai'e overflowed when the wat^^r is
high. A flioal near its moutlr prevents
vclfeis drawing more than 5 or 6 feet,
iro':n entering ; but there is from a to
4 fathoms of water afterwards. Capt.
Hutchins afcended it in a boat upwards
of 80 miles, and from the depth of war
ter there, it appeased to be navigable
for pettiaugers many miles further. It
is uncertain where its fource is. The
courli: is very winding. At the mouth
of the river on the W. fide was the
town of 'Cambleton, fettled by French
Proteftantfc in 176*, but was afterwards
abandoned.
'I'he lands in general en each fide of
the river, are rich, low or fwampy, ad-
mirably adapted for the culture of rice
or corn. The great number of rivulets
which fall Into this river from the high
circumjacent country, may be led oVer
any part of the rice lands, at any feafon
of the yeai'. The numerous iflands at
the mouth of the river, fomc of very con-
fiderable ♦■xtciit, are not inferior for
rite to inv •»' America. The fettlc-
H its mai'v ly Meifrs. Tait amlMilch-
eii, capt. Johnfon, Mr. McKinnon, uiud
Hnnc othciii, are very evi<.«:nt proofs of
til's ?fl*ei'tiun; who witliin two years
: i eir firft ftttlement, had nearly clear-
id ull the expenfev they hud been at in
waking
ttxf
The
Potow.
len the
la aid
lied by
nation,
oquois
r.Jt for
ame of
known
BS S
aiaking very confiderable eftablUh-
nients { and wouM entirely have done it
ia another year, had not the SpaiiUhls
taken poflemon of the country.
> £scvvTARi» a fmall ifland about 5
leagues N. of I^ouiflxnirg} in.the iiland
o£ Cape Breton.
BsoPUB. See KingftoHt New York.
EspiRiTV Santo, Isles dec.;, fi.
tuated on the 6. W, of Providencci ia
the W. -Indies. See Andros IJIes,
£spiRiTV Sancto, a bay on the
W. coaft of Baft FloVida, in 27. 8. N.
lat. It has a good harbour, 4 fatliom
water, and fafe anchorage ; but the land
all about the coaft is very low, and can-
not be r«en from a fhtp's deck when in
7 fathom water. Several low, fandy
iflands and marches, covered with man-
frove bulhes, lie before the main land,
[ere are immenfe numbers of fiih in
the fummer time, which may be caught
with a fcine, enough to load a fliip, (if
the climate would admit of curing
them) even in a few days.
£s(y;iMAVX. See Laltraior and
Esc^uiMAUX, a large bay rn the La-
brador xoall, into which a river of the
fame name empties. It lies in the N.
W. part of the gulf of St* Lawrence,
near the mouth of the ftraits of Belle-
ifle. Efquimaux iflands lie acrofs its
mouth.
£ssE(^EB0i){/7rf<?and J{<<i;«r. Ef-
fequebo is a diftri^ of Dutch Gnlana^ in
S. America, and receives its name from
the large navigable riv^r which waters
it. See Demerare. end Dutch America.
E s s E X Co . in Madachu fetts, is bound-
ed N. by the (late of N. ftampftiire ; E.
& 8. by the ocean, ami the town of Chel-
fea in Suffolk co.) W. by Middleft-x
CO. ; in length about 38 mil^s, in breadth
2 5 J and is lhap'.d triangularly^ Chelfea
being the acute point. The chief i(l-
ands on its coaft, belonging to it, are
Cape Anne and Plumb iflands. It is
fuWdivided into ** townfliips, which
contain 7644. houfes and 57,913 inha-
bitants } being the moft populous, of its
ijze, of any in the ftate, having about
135 fouls to a fquare mile. The firft
lettlenjcnt: in Mafhchufetts Proper was
made in Salem, the capital of the coun-
ty, in i6a8, by John Endicot, Efq. one
of the original patentees, and many
years govern >r ol the colony. It was
l^ade a flilje in 1643, bcir.j; one of the
B 9 T . t||
three into which the colcmy ««• firft
divided. Eflex co. pays i^xNit one ie*
venth part of the fuitc tax, el«(9ia fix
fenators sikI counfellvrs M the gtnecn*
ment of the conun jpyireRHh, ftfid oiqe re->
prefentatlve in the legiflature .<^ the
United States.
The face of tjic country U ple^fingly
variegated with hills, vaf>*s, woods,' and
plains. The land is generally fiuitfiil {
out is more favourable to bar)cy than
moft other parts of the ftate. Q^arriee
of marble and limeftone are found in
this county ; and the Xea coaft is in«
dented with a number of good harbours.
Merrimack river interfeas the N. part
of Eflex county ; between it and the
New-Hampfliire line are the towns of
Methuen, Haverhill, Almfltury and Sa>
lifl)ury.
Essex Co. in Virginia, is bounded
E. and N. £. by Rappahannock river«
which divides it from Richmond. It is
about 55 miles long and la broad, aund
contains 9111 inhabitants, of whom
5440 are flaves.
EssiRX Co. in New-jerfey, is in the
eaftern part of the ftate, and divided
from Staten-Ifland by Newark bay. It
is about »5 miles in length andit6 in
breadth, and has three townfliips, viz.
Newark, EHzabethtown and Acqoack-
anack, whv:h contain i7>785 inhabit-
ants, of whom X171 are flaves. The
foil is very fertile, and its fruits and
other produAions meet <.vith a quick
fale in New- York city. Eflex couny
has within it 7 Prcfltytman churches, j
for Epifcopalians, i for Anabaptifts,
and z for Dutch Calvinifts.
Essex Co. in Vermont, is the north-
eafte.nmoft in the ftate.
Essex, a townfliip in Chittenden co.
Vermont, contains 354 inhabitants. It
lies between Jericho on the S. E. and
Colchefter on the N. W.
EsTAPA, or EJlaft, a town belong-
ing to the province of Tabafco, and au-
dience of Mexico, in New-Spain, N.
America. It is mentioned by Dampier.
as fituated on Tabafco R. 4 leagues be^^
yond Villa de Mofe. It is faid to be a
place of conflderabie trade } and io
ilrong, that it repulfed capt. Hewet,
when he attacked it with 7.00 defperate
buccaneers.
EsTAPO, a ftrong town in New-
Spain, inhabited by Spaniard^ and na-
tive Americans; lit ua tat at tl. v mouth
la of
%
d4 EU^.
o#A»4ivf«Tlaluc. N. ht. 17 30.
Wi Mtigg^ lof. 5.
fe«VMft fkiM, k Laaokiw m.
fti ii l lf lmd a, fitut«cd <m the E. bank
«r8tiAH»iikMMh R. a Uttle N. «f Har-
rifttoif.
Btbchiuimibs, Indian nattom on the
biidtn of Nofva'Scotk. SttMakekts
BoPBASBi, the ancient name of Hi-
iMdfeeR. iMTenaeflee) alfi> the same
of «a ladian town on it* 8. W. bank,
•tjaQeafraai its month. $9t Hhvaffet*
BVSTACB, or Sm/Uum, called alfo
MebMaae* or Sbuchter» (from a butch-
cry luade on k by toe Speniarda.) It is
an inconfiderable iflttid, about *o milea
in chvah. It forms, with a long point
of land, the entrance to the harbour of
St. Auguftine, in Eaft-Florida.
EvsTATiA T»w», in the ifland of
Bufatia or Buftatius, in the Caribbean
Tea til the W>;ft -Indies. N. lat. 17. 29.
W. long.^}. 5.
BvsTATivs, St. or Euflatiat is the
chief ifland belonging to the Dutch in
the Weft.lndies, fituated in the Carib-
bean fea, in 17. a9. N. lat. and. in 6'<;,
10. W. loi^. and ) leagues N. W. of
St. Chriftopncr*s It is only a^ moun-
talOf about 29 miles in compafs, rifing
out df the fei, like a pyramid, and al-
moft round { but though io ftnsdl and
inconvenientlr laid out by nature, the
indti(hif of the Dutch haa turned it to
Si good account, that it is faid to con-
tain 5000 whites, and 1 5,000 negroes.
The (ides of the mountains are laid
out in vety pretty fettiements | but thry
liare neither ibrings nor rivers. The
produce is chiefly Aigar and tobacco.
This ifland, as well as Curaflbu, is
engaged in the Spanifli contraband
trade, for which, however, it is not fo
well fltuatodj and it has drawn the
fame advantage from its conftant neu-
trality. But in the laft war between
Great-Britain and Holland, admiral
Rodijcy, having been lent to reduce it
with a confiderable land and Tea force,
obliged it to furrender at dlfcretion, on
the 3d of February, 1 78 1 . The private
property of the inhabitants was confif-
cated, with a degree of rigour very im ■
common among civilized nations, and
vety iiKonfiiflent with the humanity and
gcnerofity by whicli the Britil^ nation
uled to be chani£lerixed. The 1 n
afTigoed waa, that the inhabitants c
.^i.
fiXB
Buibtitti had affiflxd Franet aad fht»
United Stattt with naval and other ftorcai
Tht Britifli merchants, aa tRrcll aa thofa
of France and America, fufimd im-
Menfli lofa by dkSi» depofited in thia
ifland; On the a7th of November, thai
fame year, it was retaken by the French,
under the conmtandof the marquis de
Bouilfef who had an inconflderable
feive. The Dutch firft took poflirflton
of this ifland in theyoar 1635.
BvANSHAM, the oapiifal of Wythe
CO. in Virginia, is iituated on the £. fide
of Reedy creek, which fiills into the
Great luinhaway. Woods or New river.
It contams a court- houfe, gaol, and a-
bout a5 houfet) 40 miles W. by S. of
Chriflianburg, a4a in a Lke direAion
fi«m Richmond, and 51S S. W. by W.
of Philadelphia.
Evesham, a townfliip in Burlington
CO. New-Jerfiiy, (ituated between the
forks of Moore*8 creek, which runs N.
wefterly to Delaware R. It is 7 milea
eafterly of HaddonfleU, 16 £. of Phila-
delphia, and as 8. of Burlington.
Here Is an Indian fettlcment, called
i - Pittick, a traA of land referved
by the ancient natives. They have Ibme
hundreds of acres of improved lands,
about 30 hou(es, and a meeting-houfe.
They formerly had a minifter of their
own order, who ftatedly officiated in
the Indian language.
SxETSR, a poft town in Rockingham
CO. New-Hampfl>ire, and, next toPortf-
mouth, the moft confiderable Ilea- port
town in the ftate. It is fiiuated at the
head of navigation on Swamfcot, or Ex-
eter R. a branch of the Pifcataqua, 1 5
milet S. W. of Poitfmouth, and a like
diftanct N. W. of Newburyport, in
Eflex CO. Maflachufetts, The tide riles
here 1 1 feet. It is well fituated for a
manufaflurmg town, and has alreat^ a
duck manufaltory in its infancy, 6 iaw
mills, afullinz mill, flitting mill, pajjcr
mill, fnufFmill, x chocolate and • o grilt
mills, iron works, and s printing ofEces.
The faddlery buftners is carried on here
to greater extent, than in any town 011
this Me Philadelphia. Before the re-
volution fliip-buiiding was a profitable
bufineis ) ami the veflels were employed
in the Weft-India trade. Notwith-
liamling the loi's of this market, there
are four or fiVe vcflTels, of dilFerent bur-
ucn, built here annually ; the river be-
ing capable of floating down thofe o§
500
FOR
Aycrfton iitd Evefliun) tbcot 15 mllet
E. of Philaddphis, and 11 S. of Bur-
lineton city« '^
For* ST. • fnMll Uland in the Britilb
tcrritories» at the mouth of Lake OnU'
t\o, between which and Graad Ifland.
it a narrow channel. It Uet 9 mile*
ibatherly of Fort Frontinac» and 6 N.
weflcrly of Roebuck I. m the fame lake,
and within the Une of tt.« United
Statea.
Forked DeeR) a navigable river in
Tenneflee, which runt wefterly into
Miflifippi R. between the Cbian and
Hatchy. It is about 76 yards widct 7
miles nom its mouth.
Forks, a townihip in Northampton
CO. Pennfylvania.
FORMOSB, a fmall fettlemcnt at the
S.E. end of Newfoundland ifland« at the
hefld of Bear Cove*
FoRTBALizBial thelnouthof MiiH>
fippi river, lies loj miles below the city
or New-Orleans.
Fort Bl^tunt, ftandson Ctmiber*
iand R. in the ftate.of TennelTee.
Fort Brbwington, in New- York
ftate, is fituated at the W. end of Onei-
da Lake, and on the N. fide of Onon-
daeo R. at its mouth m the lake.
Port Chartres, in the N. W.
territory, is fituated on the F. bank of
Miffifippi R. 6 roileii W. by S. of St.
Phillips, and 19 W. N. W. of Kaikaf-
klas village.
Fort Davphin, a fmall lake, or
rather arm of Little Winnipeg lake, and
weft of it.
Fort Edward, a pleafant vUlage'in
Walbmgton co. New- York, on the £.
bank of Hudlbn R. 49 miles N. of Al-
bany. It has its name from the iaurgre
fort built here in 1755 { of which there
are no remains but large mounds of
earth.
Fort Anne, a village on the head
waters of Woi4 creek, in Wafliingcon
CO. New- York, 60 miles N. E. of Al-
bany city. It has its name from a fmall
picket fort, ercAed in the reign of
Queen Anne, of which there is ro vef-
tige left.
Fort George, lies at the S. end of
lake George, 6% miles N. of Albany.
Here arc the remains of the old forts,
George, and William Henry. The fitu-
atkm is pleafant, but there is hard-
ly the appearance «l' » village. See
Gtmrgeflakt,
Fortrotal, iivthe ifland of GrtMir
da. ^e/tSuGnrgt"].
Fortrotai;,, om ^f the principil
towns in the, ifland of Maitinco, in ^
Weft-Indiea. It is the feat of govs
ment in tlvs iflaind } ita ftreeta rk n
lar, the houlca agrctsblet and the
pie gay and luxurioua. The citadel
which defends the town 00ft the Ffench
^.3x5,000 (lerline. The harbour heaf
is one of the beft in the Weft-Indka,
and the fliipsof war winter in it*
Fortune, r large bay tnwund* Hi»
S. W. part of Newfoundland ifland §
acrofs the mouth of which Ues MickJoii
ifland* and S. of it Pcter^s ifland* Thia
extenfive ba^ i« interfperied with iinaJI
ifles, and within it are many bays. It
has great depth of water throughout.
Foster, a townfliip in Providence
CO. Rhode- Ifland,. containing ax68 in-
habitants; 17 miles wefterly of Provtf>
dence, and 31 N. W. of Newport*
Foxbo ROUGH, a townfltip in Noiv
folk CO. Maflachufttts, containing -67^
inhabitants, a6 miles 8. of Botton* fit
was formerly a part of Oorchefter» and
was incorporated in 1778.
Fox, a river in the N. W. territory^
which rifes in the S. and runs about 5#
miles N. where it approaches very steW
to, and parallel with, Ouilconfin, a VU
caftem branch of the Miflifippi river«
Frohi the Great Carrying Place her^
through lake Wiiuiebago, it rtma eai^
erly, then N. E. to bay Puan, aboot
180 miles. From the carrying place W
Winnebago it is navigahle for canoes 4
or 5 miles. From Imv Puan its cuiu
rent is gentle; from tnence to Winne-
bago lake it is full of rocks and verjr
rapid. Its breadth is between 70 and
TOO yards. The land on ita borders is
good, thinly wooded with hickory, oak*
and hazel. See Oui/con/tig and W^wM^
bago.
Fox, a northern water of Illim^f
river, 34. miles below the motith of Pkitf
rivt-r.
FraminghaM, a townfliip inMtd*
dielex CO. MafTachtifetts^ containing^'
1598 inhabitants. It was incorporates.
ill 1 700, and is 24 miles W. S. W. of
Bofton.
FrancestowN) an interior townk
fliip in Hil]flx>rough co. New-HampM
fliire, on the E. fide of Contecook R.
about at miles to the S. W. of Con-
cord. It was in imcn^j^orated in z77a»
and
1^4 F R A
and cADtatned in 1775, soo inhabitants,
in 1790* 9^3 •
FrancisboroVoh, afettlement in
York CO. di(lri£t of Maine, containing
311 inhabitants.
Francis, St. a lake, orextenllon
oF tlie river St. Lawrence, between
Kingftun and Montreal, through wliich
mktEt9 the line dividing Upper from
Lower Canada.
Francis, St. a river in the province
of Lower Canada, which riles from
lake Memphrent^^, and runs nortli-
^mrd into the river St. Lawirnce. It
ill not ail tlie way navigable j elfe it
wonld aflbrd an important communica-
tioB fnom the northern parts of Ver-
monr to the markets of Montreal and
Quebec.
Francis, St. a fmall river in Loiii-
ii;?i)a, which runs a S. E. courts into
the Miiiilippi, 108 miles above Arkan-
ias R. nil 70 miles above Margot R.
m ih; : ' •? of the Miflilippi. It is
rcni.wkabli; for nothing but tlie general
rendeivoiis for tht '•eis from New.
Orleans, who winter i.isre, and collect
fait meat, fuet, and bear's oil, for the
fupply of that city. Kappas Old fort
formerly ftood at the mouth of this
river, on the Ibuthem fide. It was built
by tlie French during their wars 'w
the Chickafaw Indians.
Alio, the name of a fmall river in the
N. W. territory, which nms a S. W.
by W. courfe mto MiiTifippi, between
Cfold ajid Rum rivers, 60 miles above
St. A'lthony's Falls. The country a
little above it is hilly, and the Ibil
pretty good. To the N. E. are the
fmall lakes called the Thoufand lakes.
The Miflilippi here is not above 90
yanis wide.
FRANCis,ST.inBraziI, S.America,
a lon^ and large river which runs N.
eafterly, and thence S. E. till it empties
into the ocean, N. E. of the town of
Sert'geppe del Rey. It has a number
of towns and fettlements, chiefly on
•its heaii waters.
FRAN901S, Cape St. a jurifdiftion,
city, and port in the N. welkm part ot
thu' ifland of St. Domingo. This jurif-
di6lion is in th«; North divifioji of the
ifland, in what was called the French
{art of it; and contains 13 pariOtes.
t« exports from Jan. 1, 1789, to Dec.
-jx, of the fame year, were as follow ;
3i,iS7,6361bs.white fugar, 7,a6S,53i
FR A
Ibs.bro^Arnfugar, ^t,545.{24lb8. cdfktf
s69«i4<olb8. cotton, i45,}77lbs. indi-
go i tanned hide&, molafles, fpirits. Sec.
m the value of 11,789 livivs. Total
value of duties on exportatioa, x 53* 590
dollars, 37 cents. Cape Francois ex-
ceeds Port au Prince in the value of ita
prodi>£tiont, the elegance of its build-
mgs> aM the adva/itageoas fitnation of
its port. The city, which is the go-
vernor's refidence in tinw of war, is fi-
tuated on a cape at the edge of a large
plain, ao leagues, long, and on an aver-
age 4 broad, between the fea and the
mountains. There are tew lands bet-
ter watered, but there is not a river
that will admit a floop aliove 3 miles.
This fpace is cut through by firaight
roads, 40 fret broad, nninrerrnptedly
lined with hedges of l.me and lemon
trees, intermixed with Ipng avenues of
lofty trees, leading t« plantations which
produce a greater quantity of fugar thai»
any fpol ot the fame fize in the world.
The town, which is fituated in the molt
unhealthy place of this extenfive and
beautiful plain, had, fome years fince,
(everal elegant public bui'dings, as the
governor's houfe, the barracks, the
magazine, and two hofpitals, called the
hou/es of Providence, founded for the
benevolent and humane purpofe of fup-
porting thofe Europeans who came
thither without money or nerchandife.
The harbour is admirably well fituated
for ihips which come from Europe, be-
ing 'only open to the N. from whence
fhips receive no damage, its entrance
being fprinkled over with reefs that
break the force of the waves. Before
its deftru£tion in 1793, this city con-
tained about 8000 inhabitants; whites,
people of colour, and (laves. See St.
Domingo.
Francois, Old Cape, the north -
eafternmod; point of the ifland of St.
Domingo or Hii'paniola ( hayj^g Balfa-
mo bay N. W. and Scotch bay S. S. E.
Francon!A, a townfliip in Grafton
CO. Ncw-Hampdiire, 14 miles N. E. of
Haverhill (N. H.) on Conncfticut river.
Incorporated in 1764, fuft called Mor-
riftown. It contains 72 inhabitants.
Frankfort, a townHiip in Han-
cock CO. diftri£l of Maine, on the W.
fide of Penobfcot bay. It has a few
houfes, regularly built, and lies 8 niiUs
W. of Penobfcot, 123 V/. of P.'flama-
qucddy, anU %x% N. £. of Bolion.
The
\
FR A
Ihf townfljtp conuini 891 inbabi-
iwits.
Fii.A»Kro%r,m FrMk/orJf a plea-
fant, thnvii^ village in Philadelphia co.
Pennfylvania, fituated on the N. E. fide
of a ci-eeic of the fame name, a mile
and an hatf from Delaware R< It con-
tains about so hmifei, chiefly of ftoney
an Epifcopal and a German church ;
on elevated eround, about 5 miles N.
£. of PhilaJetphia.
Frankfort, a new townfhip in
Herkemer co. New- York, E. of Whitef-
town, adjoining.
Frankfort, a tlu'iving village in
Hampfliire co. Virginia, on a creek
which empties into ^towmack R. It is
»3 miles N. W. of Riirnney, 4 miles S.
of the Potowmack, and 10 S. S. £. of
Fort Cumberland.
Frankfort, the capital of Pendle-
ton CO. Virginia, is fituated on the W.
fule of a S. branch of Potowmack R.
It contains a court-houie, gaol, and
about 30 houfcs; 180 miles N. W. of
Richmond.
Frankfort, the metropolis of
Kentucky, is situated in Franklin co.
on the N. E. bank of Kentucky R.
about 50 miles from its confluence with
the Ohio. It is a flourilhing town, re-
gularly laid out, and has a number of
handfome houfcs. The flate-houfe is a
liandfome ftone building. Here is alfo
a tobacco warehoufe. It is ^o miles N.
of Harrodlburg, 40 N. by W. of Dan-
ville, IS} from Louifville, and 790 W.
by S. of Philadelphia. N. iat. 38. 14.
VV. long. 95. a8.
Franklin, Fort, is in A.iieghany
CO. Penniylvaniu, near the pofl culled
Venango, and was ere£led in, 1787 in
b^der to defend the frontiers of Pennfyl-
vania from the depredations of the
neighbouring Indians. It is feated on
the S. W. bank of Alleghany R. oppo-
£te the mouth of French creek. N.
Iat. 41. I, 40. W. long. 79. 41 } 51
miles S. S. E. of Prelque lie, and 63
northward of Pittfburo;.
Franklin Co. the north-weftem-
mott in Vermont, bounded N. by Lower
Canada, and W. by lake Champlain.
Jt was lately taken ^rom Chittenden co.
. and contains ao townfhips.
Fran UN Co. in Pennfylvania, bound-
ed N. by Mifflin, N. E. by Cumberland,
E.by Voik, S. byWa(hingt^nco. in Ma-
ryi-md; W. by Bcdlutd co. snd N. W.
F R A" f^j
bjr Hunterdon. It !• computed to con*f
tain 800 fqtiaiT nil«k,Tqual to $ia,ootf'
acres. It lies chiefly between th« N*
and S. Mountains, and comprehmdi
the middle part of the beautiful and
rich valLy of Connegocheaffuc | which
ii waterea by the creek of tta name,
which falli into Potowtnack at William**
Port in Marylaml. This county exhi-
bits a moil luxurious landfcipe in fum*
mer, from the top of South Mountain.
Iron ore is found here fufiicient already
to fumifli work for a furnace and forge.
The county is divided into 11 town-
fliips, which contain 15,655 inhabitants^
of whom 330 are flavea.
Franklin Co. in Kentucky.is bound-
ed N. by Scott CO. N. W. and W. by.
Shelby, S. E. by Fayette, and 8. by
Woodford. Chief town, Frankfort.
Franklin Co. in Halifiuc diftriA, U.
Caitilina, contains 7559 inhabitants, of
whom 1717 are flaves. It is bounded
N. by Greenville, S. by Johnfton, N.
E. by Warren, S. W. by Wake, and W,
byOrange co. Chief town, Louifl}tn-g.
Franklin C0. in Virginia, is boundi-
ed N. by Bedford, N. W. by Botetourt,
W. by Montgomery, S. W. by Henry,
S. by Patrick, and E. by Campbell co.
It is about 40 miles long, and 25 brdad,
and contains 684s inhaoitantM, includ-
ing 1073 flaves. A range of the AHe-
giiany Mountains pafles through it on
theN. W. It is confequently hilly in
general.
Franklin Co. in Georgia, is fituat-
ed in the Upper Diftri^t, boimded £ .
and N. E. by Tugulo K. which fepa-
rates it irom the ftate of S. Carolina ;
W. and S. W. by the country of the
Cherokees ; S. by the head branches of
Broad R. and S, E. by Elbert co. It
contains 1041 inhabitants, of whom
1 56. are Haves. The c^urt-houfe is 17
miles from Hatton's Ford on Tugulo
R. 8 5 from Elberton, and 77 h'om
Walhington.
Franklin-College, See£<i»c<7/7rw,
in Pennfylvania.
Frankmn, a townfljip in NovfoUt
CO. MaflTachulctts J taken flcm Wren-
tham, and incorporated in 1778, and
contains 17,000 acres of land. It ha»
not inhabiranrs; is boiimled N. by
Charles R. which fepai-ates it fr m
Medway, and lies 30 miles S. of Bor<<
ton.
Franhlik, a fmali iile at the mouth
ox
•r 81. Omv|«*« R. In Lincoln c«.
MUmj 4 kigvM ibmhironf of Tko-
FftAMKtiM »a um towrhfliip in fovtch.
•Ts CO. New.york. By the Aitt cmfiM of
1796, it appewra then ure sio of iti in-
Iwbttant* qualifiod to b«eleAori.<— Alio,
a new townihip in Delaware Munty» of
wbofe inhabitMtt s 39 are claRoiti It
Ilea S. W. from, and boidarl ob klar>
r field* and its W. line nini along the
eaftcra hank of Snlqudianhah R.,
This town was divided by an aft of the'
X^ttiilature, 1797.
FkAMKUN,a townflupinWeftmorc-
land CO. Fennfylvania.~-Airo, 3 others
in the Sum ftate, via. in Y«k o>. Fa-
yette «• r " ? 'r 'yult'ngton to,
Franklin, a towniliip, the noxth-
cftimoft in Mcw-London co. Conncfti-
cu», 6 miles N. W. of Norwich. It
containa above sooo inhabitants, who
aic chiefly wealthy farmers,
Frankstown, a townihip in Hun.
tlngdon CO. Pennfylvania. (ituated on
the Frankftown branch of Juniatta R.
so miles W. of Huntingdon.
FAAYLii, an ifland near the coaft of
Mew-Andalufia, Terra Fimvt.
Fraylis, I<os, a clump of rooks
which rile above water on the 8. fide of
the JQand of St. Somingo, 4 leagues N.
W. of the ifland of Beate, nearly op-
Bofite the idea called the Seven Brothers,
in the bay of Monte Chiift, on the N.
ikle of the ifland. Thefe rocks are alfo
called the Brothers or Monks. The
rapidly of the currents renders this
{lart of the coaft very dangerous.
Frbdbrica, a village in Kent eo.
ftate of Delaware, fituatcd between the
two main branches of Mother Kill, a
ftream which falls into Delaware 7 miles
from the town, and 3 S. £. of James's
creek, which lei«ds up to Dover. It
teontainl about 40 houifis, and lies 11
ntilea E. of Dover, and VS fipom Phila-
delphia.
Frbdbrica, a town of Glynn co. in
Georgia, is fituatcd on St. Simon's
iflamC in a very pleafant fituation, and
was built by gen. Oglethorpe. The
fbrtrefs was beautiful and regular, but
if now in ruins. The town contains
but few houfes, which ftand on an
eminence, upon a branch of Alatamaha
river, which walhes the W. fide of this
agreeable ifland, and forms a bay befort;
t£e town, affimling a lafe and commodi-
FRB
otti liti^oiir for veflida of tht bndl bor^
den, which may lie along the wmuf. It'
was Atllcd by f^mc Scotch bighfamders«
about the ytfr I7S5, who nieceptcd of
an cflabUflmNnt bo^ hdre and at D»-
rien, to dciirad the cokmy, if needfbli
againft thf neiglibouring Sjpaniards. N^
ht. $1. 15'. W. long. tOr
FrbdbrIck €t. in Maiybnd, if
bounded N. by PenhfVlvania, W. and
N: W. W Walhin^ton, E. by Balti-
mora, and 8. iV. by Potowmack R*
On thb Manocacy river anU its branchea
are about 37 grift-mills, a furnace, iroii
forge, and a glafa manufaftory, called
the Etna aMk worke, which are ill
a thriving ftate. This couhty is aboqt
30 miles each way, reckoning from tha
extreme ^irts. The Coto£iiny Moun-
tain extends from the FotoWmack in t
N. dire£Kon throtigh this county intd
Pennfylvania, between the South Moun-
tain and Monooacy Creek ) the eafteni
parts ai« generally level. It containi
30,791 inhabitants, including 3641
flavev. Chief tovim, Fredericktown.
Frbdbrick Co, in Virginia, is bound«
ed N. by Berkiey, S. by Shanandoaht^
W. by JIampfltire, and £. by Shanan-
doah R. which feparates it from Lou-
don CO. It is 30 miles in length, and
so in breadth, and conuins 19,6^1 in-
habitants, of whom 4150 an* ilavcs.
Iron OK is found here in great plenty |
and works have been ere£led which pro^
dttce 160 tons of bar iron, and 650 tons
of pig, annually. In i year 300 tons of
bar iron were manufiiAured. Pots an(t
other utenfils, caft thinner than ufual of
this iron, may be fafely thrown into or
out of the w^urgon, in which they are
tranfported. B^'a this and Berkley cox
has a good foil. Between the watei-s of
Opeckan creek and the Shanandoah it
the richeft limeftone land in the eaftem
parts t^f the ftate.
Near the North Mountain in tliia
county is a curious cave, by fome called
Zanefs Cave, Its entrance is on the
top of an extepfive ridge. You defcend
30 or 40 fixt as into a well, from whence
the cave then extends, nearly horizon-
tally, 400 feet into the earth, prefervinj^
a breadth of from lo to 50 feet, and A
height of from 5 to 1* feet; After eli-
tertng this cave a few feet, the mercu^
ry, wbichy in the open air, was at 56^
roieto 57 OfTaHrenneit's thermometeri
Ailcir thit may be added the Natural
Well
^:
FI O
It i« iaU to U a rich and npiliulT
^Ut eity» and a bifliop*t fte. Baud-
raad mt»t* '** • leaguM from the river.
It it alfo called <%aftta ft dc Grenada |
hyotheti Ne«r.Me»ico. N. bt. 3<.
W. long. 104.
F»t SANTA} a city of ParajEuay» 8.
America, mo leagues 8. by §. vV* of
the city of Affuniptioo. The inhaUt-
^ta are chiefly employed in huibandry,
ffraiingi and weaving cloth. They fm
their praduAiohf aM manufiiAurea to
good pi« 3t in Braail. From hracc is
a road to Potoli in peru, and to Corbu-
da in Tucumana i which being ea(y and
{convenient} is very advanti^eovi to this
place* the diftance not being above
350 leagues. It ftands on the yf» fide
of Paraguay river. 8t lat. 30. 45. W.
lonff. tfo. 4.0.
Felipe, Y Samt-Yaoo, a large
bay on the N. fide of the ifland Bfpiritu
Santo. See Turra 4H/ral dtl B^ritu
Santo,
' Felix, St. an ifland in the Pacific
ocean, N. I^. W. of Juan Femandes,
and due weft of Copiapo, in S. Ameri-
ca. S. lar. 16. W. long, from Paris S).
Fell's Pejjsf. Set Batthmrf.
Fbh, Point av, on the W. coaft
of lake Champlain, lies in Clinton co.
ifiearly 5 milts 8. of the divifion line be-
tween New -York and Lower Canada,
and as miles 8. of St. John's. The
Britifb occupied a baiTack here, fumifli-
cd with one field piece, a few men, and
a fuhalteni officer. ]t has been given
yp according to treaty.
Ferdinand Naronka, aniflandon
the coaft of BraiiJ, South America, lies
in S. lat. 3. 56. W. lone. 3a.43.
' FcRMANAGiti, a townflup in Mifflin
CO. Pennfylvania.
Ferrisbvrgh, atownOiipin Addi-
fon CO. Vermont, on lake Champlain.
It contains 481 inhabitants. Otter
creek. Little Otter and Lewis's creeks
fall into the iake here. The mouth of
Otter creek lies in N. lat. 44. . 1 1. 45.
W. long. 73. 9. 47,
F1DLBR8 Mlbawt a bend of Wood
creek, between the outlet of South bay
and the mouth of the creek, at the
northern end of lake Champlain, oppo-
fite the mouth of Eaft bay. The mouth
of Wood creek lies m N. lat. 43. 3a.
W. long. 73. 15. 11.
FiOTRBB Bay, lies on the S. W,
,^(lteoftheUIand9fSt, Chrifto|>hers, in
FIS Jif
the Wcfk-Indlcfl, at the hcM of «Udh
ftands Sandy-fort town. Tha bay ia A»
cured by a ton on each fide.
FiNCAsTLi, a pol^town in Viifiali^
and capital of Bottftourt 00. fitrntad «a
the E. fide of Catabanr cradt,. a flnaB
ftrcam which Ml% into Jaawa R. «■
the W. fide of the North Monntain.
Hera are about 50 houfcs, acourt-hoofh
and gad. It liaa on the poft road fixm
Richmond to Kentackv» 36 miles ealU
eriy of Lexington, ana 19a W. by N.
of Richmond.
FiNOLEY, a townfltip in WafliingtM
so. Pennfylvania.
F"<HiRsriBLD, a townfliip in Hilir-
boroiiffh CO. Ncw-Hampftiire, incorpo-
rated m 1763, containing 331 inhabit-
ants. Sunapeepond lies partly heret
and in the townmip of Wendel. It ia
about 16 miles eafterly of Charlc|l<
ftown.
FiSHBR's f/tami^ in Lonp^-Ifland
found, lies oppofite to Groton m Con-
neAicut, is abovt 10 mites in lanffth
and a in breadth, having a light loU»
favourable for raifmgfheep. Itproducea
alfo wheat and other grain. It is an-
nexed to the townfliip of SouthhoM, ua
Suffolk CO. on Long- Ifland. .
Fishing Bay, in Maryland, lies on
the E. fide of Chefapeak bay, partly in
Dorchftfter and Somerfet countiea. It
receives feveral rivers from each coun-
ty, the chief of which are Wicomico,
Nanticokc} alfo Tranfquakmg and
Blackwater creeks* The entrance into
this large bay liea between Goldfborough
and Devil's iflands.
Fishing Bty, on the S. fide of lakt
Ontario, is about 37 miles E. of Fort
Niagara.
Fisning-Crbbr, a townfliip on Suf-
quehannah river, inPennfylvania. Sea
NortbumberlandCo.
FisHKiLL, a poft town in Dutchefi
CO. New. York, 5milesE.ofHudfonR.
on Fiflikill or creek, at the fbot of the
Highlands, which rife S. ofitj c<mtain-
ing about 30 houfes, a church for Epif.
copalians', and one for Low Dutch.
The townfliip is very extenfive, and
contained, in 1790, 5941 inhabitants,
(rf'whom 60T were (laves. It lies 14
miles S. by E. of Poughkeepfie, x}ppo-
fite Newburgh, ami 66 N. of New- York
city. There are a few houfes only at
the Landing, on the margin of the nver*
Fish Ktllt ac Cruk, on which the
town
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Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 145S0
(716)872-4503
;»»»
ThA
^leferibed (in.\iti tnil' ftoih
wlikK it derives its name, is finally mA
«n{>ttct into Hndfon R. about a mile
]Mow iriie Lahdinff, and nearly oppofite
MeW.Windior.
Alio, tlie name of a fmxll ftream
which nmsS. W.: into Oneida Lake.
Ifikcwife, aftnam whieh' riOa from
Saratoga lalie, and tvM 6 miks -eafteriy
to the Hudfiw. It» mouth is oppofite
Bttten kill, a miles above Saratoga
tMmi and on theN. fide of which Gen.
Bui-goyne's army laid down their arms
M^prilMiers.
FiTCHtvRGH, a p(^ town of Maf.
fiwilidfetts, Worccftcrco.a} miles N. of
Worecfter, xi from Concotd, and 41
N.W.offiofton. It lias 1151 inha-
binmts.
FlTZWiLLiAM,atowQdiip inChefltire
CO, New- Hampshire, about 16 miles
£. of Connedlicut R. and feparated from
Roj^ilfton ih Wordkfter co. Maflachu-
icttSii by the fttte line, it was incor-
Kitcd in 1773, end contains 1038 in-
itants.
jFINs Ftrit }• fituated 185 miles W.
S. W. of Winnipeg lake, N. lat. 49.
4*. W.Jong. 101.
Flambokough, a faAory of the
Hudfiih bav company, on the S. we^ern
^eof Hudlbnbay.
FbATBUtH, the chief town of King's
ccb Long-Ifland, New. York. It is a
pleafant and healthy town, fituated on a
linall bay which opens £. from New.
York harbour, and is s miles S. by E.
from New- York city. It contains a
namher of dwelling houies, moftiy in
oiie'ftpKt} miihy of whi 'i are elegant
and commodious. The inhabitants are
chiefly of Dutch extra£iion. It con-
tairts 941' inhabitants, of wliom 107 are
qtialified ele£l(N-s, and '78 sre flaws.
The produ£l!ons are various kinds of
fruit, vegetables, grain. Sec. which find
a ready market U: the metropolis. Tlic
land lies low ; and in fumrot-r the whole
townfhip appears like an extenfive gar-
den. The public buildings are a
JDutch church, a court-houfe, and an
academy* called Erafmus Hall, the
moft flourifhing of all the academies in
the Ante. It is in a.pUal'ant and heallh-
ful ikuation, 4 miles from Brookline
fcny.
A bloody battle was fought near this
town on the »7th of Auguft, 1776,
when the Americanc were defeated by
the Witifh with grtat fofs. The iK
m<L.As of the American army retreated
to New^York under the cover of a thick
fog.
. Flatlands, a fmall townfh^ in
King's CO. Long-Ifiand, djilVuit from
New- York city 6 or 7 miles. It con-
tains 423 inhabitants, of whom 44 aie
qnalified to be eledors,and 1 37 aredaves.
FlaY Rtck, is .an expaiUBve, clear,
flat rock, but a little above the furfacc
pf the ground, and near the banks of a
delightful tivulet of excellent wairr,
which is one of the head branches of
Great C^gcecheeR. In Georgia. 'This
is a common -rendezvous or camping
place for traderaandlndians.
Flattery, Cape, fo named by
captain Cook, on accmmt of its promif*
ing at a diftance what it. denied on a
nearer apmroach. Lat. 4S.. 15. k>ng.
13 5. 30. E. This cape, capta n Ingra-
hain of Bofton, found to be tlie S. fide
of the entrance of the ftraits of Juan d«
Fuca. N. lat. 4S. aj. W. long. 114.
51. See Fuca,
Fleminqton, a fmall poft town of
,New-Jerf«y, in Hunterdon co. lies about
6 miles N. eat) ward of Amwell on Del-
aware R. »j N, N. W. of Trenton, 9
S. of Pittftown, and 53 N. E. by N. of
Philadelphia. ' Itcontains about adoz-
en c6inpȣl houfes. ' -
FLkTCHBR, a townfhip in Franklin
CO. Vern)ont, containing only 47 inhab*
itanta. It has Cambridge on the $. £.
and Georgia W.
Flint Rivera a confiderable river of
Georgia, which riiies in the country of
the Creek Indians, and running a S.
and thence a S. W. courfe, join$ the
Appalachicoia, at its entrance into Flo.
rida. The Flint is about 30 rods wide,
and from 1 x to 15 feet deep in fummer,
and has a gentle cuirent. The terri.
tory lying on^ this river, efpecnlly on
the upper part of it, prelents every ap-
pearance of a delightful and fruitful re-
gion in iome future day } it being(.a rich
foil, and exceedingly well fituated for
every branch of agriculture, and off>.i's
an uninterrupted navigation to tl\e bay
of Mexico, and Atlantic osean, and
thence to the Weft India iflaiuls and
over the whol^ world. There are a
number of villages of Creek Indiaiiit 00
this river. vn^ ' ;
Flint, a fmall river, about aS miles
long, in iki GcDcflce country, in Ncvht
York,
on
rich
for
bay
anu
and
re a
s on
W I^ o
York I Which runt N. K* E. into Caoaa.
darqua cr?ek.
Flint8ton> a nhuitatiott in Cum*'
berlaiMl co. Mainey liaving i8o inhfibit-
ant«. It has one eminence in it calle^
Saddle- Back mountain, but the coun-
try in general it level enough for. culti-
vation. One half of it it covered with
pine and white oak.
Floridai a townfliip in Orange co.
New- York » 6 or &mUet S. of Goflien,
and 50 N. W, of New- York city. 377
of itt inbabitantt are qualified to be
ek^ort. It h&s been lately incorpo-
rated.
Florida, Eqfi and Wt/f, belonging
to Spain, fituated between,* 5 and 31
N. lat. and between 80. and 91. W.
long, about 600 milet in length. Itt
breadth it various } the broadeft part
of \Veft Florida is about 130 miles,
while the narrow peninl'ula of Eaft Flo-
rida extendi, in the fame direction,
from S. to N. 400 miles. It it bounded
N. by Georgia, S. by the gulf of Mexi-
co, E. by the Atlantic ocean, and W.
by the Miflifippi, which feparates it
from Louifiana, and U nearljr of the
form of the letter L. Among its rivers
that fail into the Atlantic, St. John's
and Indian rivers are the chief. Segua-
na, Appalachicola, Chatahatchi, El'cam-
bia. Mobile, Pafcagoula and Pearl rivers
all rife in Georgia, and run foutherly
into the gulf of Mexico. The princi •
Kal bays are St, Bernard's, Aicendon,
tobile, Penfacola, Dauphin, Jofeph,
Apalachy, Spiritu Sanfto} and the chief
capes are Blanco, St. Blaize, Andotte,
and capo Florida at the extremity of
the peninfula. The climate is little
difFeivnt from that of Georgia. There
are, in this country, a great variety of
foils { the e^ftern part of it, neai' to, and
about St. AuguiUne, is by far the moft
unfruitful; yet even there, two crops
of Indian corn are annually produced.
The banks of the rivers which water th^
Floridas, and the parts contiguous, are
of a Aiperior quality, and well adapted
to the culture of rice and corn. The
fine land* near the river Efcambia, are
df fcribed under the account of that R.
The interior country, which is high
and pleafant, abounds with wood of
almolt every kind ; particularly white
and red oak, live oak, laurel magnolia,
pine, hickory, cypreft, red and white
(cdar. T^t Uve oakt, though nqt tall,
FLO 171 .
eoiitaiht prodBgioot quantity of ^tibar.
The tnmk it generally fron %% Db 4Mk
feiet in circumfeNAce, awbifet ao or ii
feet finom the e«nh« aiki thru brant^hc*'
into 4 or 5 great Umbo, which gmwri*
nearly a horiaoatal dinfkieiu tannit^
a gentle curve. ** I have ftepped finw
Bartnun, "above 50pacet,onaftrai^
line, from the trank of one of ttefe
trees to the extremity uf the limbs.**
They are ever green, and the «raodal«
moft incorruptible. They bear a grtat
quantity of finall ajcomt, which it agree-
able food when roafted, and frnm whick
the Indiana extraft a fweet oil, which
thrv ufe'in cooking hominv and rice.
The laurel magnesia it the moft beau,
tifol among the treet of thefotel^f and
itufuaily 100 feet high, though foBi#
are much higher. The trunk it per-
feQlyered, rifinginthe form of a beau,
tiful column, and fupporting a head like
an obtufe cone. The flowers, whicbi
are on the extremity of .the branches*
are large, white and expanded like a taSe,
and are the largeft and moft complete
ofany yet known ; when folly expanded,
they are from 6 to 9 inchet diameter,'
and have a moft delicioua fragrance.
The cypreft it the largeft of the Ame-
rican treet. *' I have feen trunks of
thefe treet," fayt Bartramj "thatwouUr
meafure 8, 10 and it feet in diamete^,
for 40 and 50 feet fliaft," The trunk*
make excellent Ihinglet, boards, and
other timber;. and wheohollowed) make
durable and convenient canoet. The
garden vegetables are in high pertieAion f
the orange and lemon trees grow herCf
without cultivation, to a large fite, and
produce better fruit than in Spain and
Portugal. The intervales between the
hilly parttof tbisc untry are extremely
rich. The principal town in Weft
Florida it Peni'acola ; in Eaft Florida,'
St. Auguftine.
The Spanifh ftrength in the Floridat,
and Louifiana, in 1790, wasaifoUowt,
according to Mr. Melford's account »-
Troops and leviet at St. Auguftine and
o|i St. John's river, 400— St. Maik's,.
loo— Penfacola, 3 jo—Mobile and Tom-,
bigbee, 1 3O— at the Natchez, loe— Red
river, 100— Illinios. liver, 300— in all
1600 men, called the Orleans or Loui-
tiana Regiment.
The number of American familiea.
that have been Spanifli i\ibje£t« fince
17831 ainounti to 1 7 ao, viz. at Teniau»
near
wm^tMk bqF» 9 * 'Ml Torobigfcw
i|»i» tt tiM M»tdws on the
ifM. AU iIm Attkr» in
Mw trndar the iwwMdittt
of the aiUuurjf •omnMndantv,
«Mllbb)aft miMrtiallaw^ witk an tf-
Ipl fimit l^ft I* ft«C»»«p to tfat «ice-
wrof MHcica. .Tbe pi«peity of tiw
SAj^Et at hk^ dteeaft it to bt muufcd
hf Iht oMnnMndantt whoiii ftct* by
r UmU tht VMur 15S6 titt continent of
ihrtb-AoMriea wont bv the name of
yiocUa. It VNCtvad tbi* name ftom
rn Ponee, becaufr when he landed hi
htt. St. t. in April 1513, he femid
the CBontiy theie in foil Uoom. Flo.
tfUs ha» fnquentljr changed mafta-i,
belonging alternately to tbe Frencliand
Spaniaida. Wdk.rforida, ai tar as Per-
Mo R. <!*•• owned and occafiied bv
Ae Ffeaeh} the lemeinder* and all
iM'f lQrida» 1^ the Spaniarda* previous
tn thekr being ceded to the Britifb, at
the peace of 17(3 . The Britiih divided
thia cowitry into E. and W. Florida.
Onrtoig the American war, both the
Roridas were rcdueed by the Spanianls*
and naranteed to the crown of Spain
hf the definitive treaty of 17S3.
Flomda, C^pb, the ronthenmioft
ttoinr of land of the peninfula of Eaft.
Fkirida. It is 100 miles N. of the
Mudl of Cuba. N. ht. ^5. to. W.
lMtt.te.no.
FM»ftt»A Kira>«r M!er^Vlifa»/(,
m mmriitr of rocka and land banks,
bounded W. by the gulf of Mextce, E.
by- that of Fionda. Tbe great fand
bonk octeads from te peninfiila of
Beik-Florida hiward, to the ^If of
Mexico, in the tisrm of a hook ; its W.
pomt is divided (torn the bank called
the Dry Tertttgas, by Tortuga chjn-
Florida, Gxrvw or, is the channel
between the peniWfiila of Florida and
the Bahama iOands, N. of the ifland
ot Cuba I and through which the Gulf
Stream finds a paflage, and runs to the
If. E. along the American eoaft. See
GuUStrtam and Miixic*-
Flowbrtowm, hi Pennfylvania, it
a GmA\ viMagenbout i» mile* N. of Phi*
Jadelphia, in Mentgomcrv co.
Floyd, a new town&iip in Herke-
Nwr CO.
FLvimHO, ntewn In Q|)ccn** co*
yim»Yi»k, fitnuad m the NT W. yart
FOE
of tong Iflaad, and on the 8. fijTc «if
Hell Gate I 7 miles E. by N. of Neww
York city. U contaiue 1607 hUiabi.
tame } of whom aio are qualified elec-
tors, and 340 are flavet. « .
F&vvANNA. Ut Jamff Rknr,
Flvvamiia, a county of Virginia,
bounded N. by Alhcmarie, N. E. by
Louifa, E. bv Goochland, W. by Am-
hertt^ and S. by Fluvanna or James
river, which divides it from Btfckingi
ham. It is about t* miles long, and
so broad, and contains 3991 inhabit-
tants, including 14^6 flaves. There is
girat plenty of marble, both white and
variqjifUad, with blue, red and purple
veine, found here, on James R. at the
mouth of Rockfilh {.where it forms 9
large precipice, overhanging a naviga-
ble part of the river.
FocoY Cafe, on the N> W. eoaft of
N. America, is fituated on the 8. eaft-
em fide of the penuilula of Ahfica, and
W. ofKifhtaciaand.
Foggy I/tt on the fame fide of the
ptninful»as the above, lies a Ihort wiw
6. byW. of Foggy Cape.
FoLLOwriBLO, a townfliip in Walb-
ington county, Pennfylvania; Eaft and
Weft Fellowficld are alfo ;wo towndiips,
in Chefter co. Pemifylvania.
FoNSBCA, GvLF OP, lies in.New«-
Spain on the Pacific ocean, 40 miles 8.
E. of tbe tovMi of St. Miguel, and about
»9o miles N.- W. of Cape Blanco, on
the weAem fide of the gulph of Nicoya.
FoNTAiNB, Bellb, a fettlementin
the N. W. territory, fituated on the £.
fide of the MifiTtfippi, about 18 miles N. ,
of St. Phillips, and 23 below Cahokia.
FoiiT, or Fonts, Straits db, lie
on the N. W. eoaft of N. America, m
N.lat. 54.35.W.lang. 9. 55. There ia
a large ifland in the middle of the en-
trance. This is thought to be the fame
ftrait thai De Fonte, a Spanilh admiral,
difcovered in 1640, whofe account of
it has been long treated as fabulous.
It luu been feen by captains Ghiy and
Ingraham, of Boflon.
FoiiAi'ONRS, in the ifland of Gunra,
and eoaft of Peru, in S. America, are
old walls of Ibme anpient buiUing in
the time of the Yncas, which ferve hei«
as light-Itoutes for the fliipping which
fail from pal|ao |o Paita, on the S. Sea
cpaft.
FoMtTtit TON, a village in BuHing.
ton CO. NeW'Jer^i^fhkAlicsbetweca
Ayerfta^
ttit
V^ch on tht lands of NAr. Lewis. It
U fomewhftt larger than a common
well, imd rift* k» near the AirfiKe of the
earth aS in the ndghhouHn^ artificial
welU I and it of a d«pth| at yet un-
'knowh. It is uftd with a biielcet and
windhiil i» wi 'ordinary well* It i« Aid
titere it a current in it tending fdifibly
downwards. Chief town, Winchefter.
Frbdbrick Ho$ife, a trading ftation
in Upper Canada, on the head water of
Abbitibbe river. N. lat. 4S. 3$. W.
long. t*. 6,
FRBDBaicic, afort in Waffiinston CO.
Maryland, fituated on the N. B. bank
of Potowmack K,* near the S. line of
Pennfylvania.
FRE0BRICK, a townfliip in''Montgo-
meryco. PennlyUania.
Predbricic, a town on the N. fide of
Saflafrat R. in Cecil co. Maryland,
and feparated by that river from George
Town in Kent co. It lies 6 miles 8. W.
of Warwick, and 14. E. of Grove point
»n Chefapeak bay. N. lat. 39. %%. 30.
Frbdericksburo, a poft town in
Spotlylvania co. Virginia } fituated on
the S. W. bank of Rappahannock river,
I to miles from its mouth in Chefapeaic
bay. It is an incorporated town, and
regularly laid out into feveral ftreets.
the chief of .which rans parallel with
the river, and in all contains upwards
•f aoo houfes, two tobacco warehoufes,
and feveral ftoresof well aflbrted goods.
Its public buildings are an Epifcopal
ahurch, an academy, court-houft and
gaol. It is a place of confiderable trade
and contains utMutiooo inhabitants, of
whom 587 are ilaves. A forM in tliis
neighbourhood made fome time ago, a-
bout 300 tons of Itar iron in a year,
from pigs imported from Maryland. It
is 50 miles S. S. >V. of Alexandria, 68
N. by E. of Richmond, loa S. W. cf
Baltimore, and 105 S. W. of Philtdel-
pliia. N. lat. 38. %%. W, long. 77. 36,
Frederickstown, a townfliip in
Dutchefs CO. New- York, which con-
tains 593% inhabitants, of whom 188
are qualified to be electors, and 63 are
flavc:).
Frboerickton, a conTiderahle
townfliip in the province of New-Bi-unf-
wick, 90 miles up St. John's R. which
i« thus far navigable tor floops* "
Fredericktown, a poll town of
Maryland, and capital of Fr^lerick co.
fiuatcd <Mj •bpth Ticies of Ca«oU'$ creek,
FRB r77
a rmall ftr«mi thait cmptifs {nt» Mono*
cacyR. over wMoh w» two brkms.
The ftraets are regukrly Md out, tetir.
feJUng each other at ririit «%ln. TBt
dwellMg.hoales, enicffy of ttrnm mt
b/kk, are abont 7«o in iiuinbcr» maiMr
of Which are haiMlbm* and eommodN
ous. The pQblk edifices ut, one
church for Prdbytcrians, two fer'Osar-
man Lutherans uid Catvinifta, «ad o6e
for Baptifts, an elegant court«heaft, •
gaol, and a brick market-hoaie. It ia
a very fiourifiiing town, and has cen<>
fiderable trade with' the baekenihtry.
The Etna glafs works are fituated 4
miles aboiw the town, on Tuflcarorn
creek. Fredericfctown h 4. miles £. of
Cotoftin mountain, 47 W. tqF N. df
Baltimore, 14 E. of Sharpibuig, and
148 S. W. by W. of PhUadclpbia, U,
lat. 39. a4.
Freehold, a town in 'Monmouth
CO. New- Jerfey, 1 5 miles W. Of Shrewf^
burv, and 10 S. E. by S. of New-Bninfii'
wick. In this town was fiughtthe ob-
ftinate battle called the Monuiouth bat-
tle,ontlie iSthof June, 1778. See Moa»
mouth. There is an academy in this
town. Freehold contains 3785 inhabi-
tants, of wh.m 6*7 are flares. Sea
Upper FwMd.
Freehold, a townfliip in Albany
CO. New- York, containing ilaa inha-
bitants,«f whom 56a are qualified ele6t-
ors, and 5 are flaves. .
Freeport, a townfliip in Cumber-
land CO. diftri^l of Maine, fituated at
the head of Cafco bay) adjoining to
Durham on the N* E. and to Noith
Yarmcfuth on the S. W. ) about 10 miles
N. E. of Portland, and 140 N. by E. of
Bolton. It was incorporated in ijtff
and contains 1330 inhabitants. V<r
Free stone-Gap, a place fo callM^
in Tenneflee, 35 miles from HawkJn't
court- houie, and 35 from Cumberland
mountain.
Freetown, a thriving townfliip in
Briflol CO. Maflachufetts, incorporated
in 1683, contain^ xioa inhabitants, and
lies 50 miles foutherly of Bofton.
French, a fmall river in Maflachu-
Artts, Itas its Iburce in a fmall pond, on
tlie borders of Leiceiter and Spencer, in
Worcefter co. and runs through Ox-
fiird and joins Quinebauge riVcr, in
ThompCon townfliip, in Connecticut,
It derives its name from the French
ProtcAaots, who obtained a i'ettlemcnc
M in
17a F R B
in dMiimlaf Oxford* >&cr,tlie revo-
catimsf UwedJaofManti, in 1O5.
FftBNCH Amirica. The only part
«f the contUient which the Frencn na>
tMM now pofta, U the dtftriA or^ro-
f inct of CafBwe, and the iflaud of the
fiUM name on ita cosft* to S. America.
Kn dit Weft* Indies the French claim
the fMam'mg iflandai to which the read-
er is refienmUiHr a particular defcription t
Jf . J)tmiMg§, or Htfpanida. Gnadaioupti
St. Lucia, 7tkigt, St. iartbolmtw,
B^fukh vod MarigalmUt.
/7h« French were among the laft na-
^ons who made Settlements in the W.
&Kiics{ but thev made ample amends
by the Tigou' with which they purAied
Chenif and by that chain of judicious
and admirable meaAires which they
uiU in drawing from them every ad-
vantage that the nature of the climate
would yield, And in contending agaiiift
the difficulties which it threw in their
way.'
r&BMCH Broad, a navigable river
in Tennefiee, which rifes on the S. £.
fide of the Great Iron and Bald moun-
tains, in N. Carolina. It is formed by
two main branches, which receive feveral
ftreams in their courfe. Thefe unite
about 58 miles from the fource of the
Nolachucky^ the ealtern branch} thence
it flows vL wefterly about *$ miles,
aikl joins the Holfton 1 1 miles above
Knoxviile, and is 400 or 500 yards wide.
The navigation of this branch is much
interrupt^ by rocks, as is aifothe Ten^
neflee branch, which joins the main river
50 miles below this.
A hurgfi cltv, medicinal fpririg, faid
to be efficacious in curing many dif-
eafi:s, has been lately difcovered on the
waters of this river, about 30 miles in
a direft line from its mouth. The wa-
ter is fo hot, that a patient at firft go-
ing into it can fcarcely fupport it.
Nearer the mc^.h of the rivc-r, a valu-
able lead mine has been difcovered.
French Creek^ a N. weftem water
of Alleghany river, into which it .tails
along the N. fide of Fort Franklin, &o
miles N. by £. of Pittiburg. It affords
the neareft paflage to lake krte. It is
navigable with fmall boats to Le Beuf,
by a very crooked channel ; the portage
thence to Prelque Ifle, from an adjoining
peninfula, is 1 5 miles. This is the ufu-
al route from Quebec to Oliio.
French lick, in Tenneflee» is the
FRO
name of a fait fpring* Be«r which tht
town of Nafliville now ftandf.
FrbnchmanV Bay, lies on the fis
coaft of Lincoln co. Mainfi apd is form*
ed by Mount Defert ifland on the wi^«
ward, and the peninfula of Ookiibo*
-rough town(htp on the eaftward.—
Round Mount Defert i(l«ad it has an
inland circular communication with
Blue Hill bay.
Frbdch TowHt in Cecil co. Maiy.
land, lies on the E. fide of BIk R. a
mile S. of Elkton, from which it is fi^
parated by Elk creek. Elk i^rry i« 6
miles below this.
Frsnbusb Laht a large colleftion
of water, through whith St. John*s R.
in New-Brunfwick, pafles. In ibme
maps this appears only as a dilation of
the river { but in others it appears as a
large lake of veiy irregular figure, and
receiving confiderable ftreams Itom the
circumjacent country.
Fribdburg, a Moravian fettlement
in W.ichovia, or Suriyco. N. Carolina.
Friedlano, a Moravian fettlement
in Wachovia.
Frisdensmubttbn, a Moravian
fettlement, whole name fignifies Teiititf
Ptacet fituated on Stifquehannah R. in
Pennfylvauia, about 14 miles below
Tioga point; eftablilhed by the United
Bretmen in~i765. It then confifted of
13 Indian huts, and upwards of 40
houfes, built after the European man-
ner, with a neat chapel. Next to the
houfes the groupd was laid out in gar-
dens ; and between the fettlement and
the river about 250 acres were divided
into regular plantations of Indian com.
Friedbnstadt, or TvwHtf Peace,
a Moravian fettlement which was eftab-
liflied between Great Beaver and Yel-
low creeks ; about 40 miles N. W. of
Pittfburg. It was abandoned in 1773.
FrobisherV £/riit/f, lie a little to
the northward of Cape Farewell and
Weft Greenland, and were difcovered
by Sir Martin Frobiflier. N. iBt. 63.
W. long. 41.
FROG'i Point or Neckt in Weft Chef-
ter CO. New. York, lies on the coaft of
Long- Ifland Sound, 9 miles from Har-
laem heii'hts.
, Fron'tinac, fort, a fortrefs in Ca-
nada, fituated at the head of a fine bay
or harbour, on the N. W. fide of the
outlet of Lake Ontario* where all lbrt»
of yeflfelp may ridf in iaftty. It is r
league
\
F RY
leMM firom<liM month of the Mm^ mi
a OKNTt diftanct 8. ofKangftM, and
about jeo aulet firora Qgcbcc. The
winter ahout thi* ^ace it mvch iMrCer
thu at Qgcbee | and the Teil it fo w«U
cultii^acedi ait to produce all forts of Cu-
ropen aW Indum com, and fruita.
Here ia oftt of the mak charming prof-
peAa ia the world, during fpring and
lunmer. The St. Lawrence and the
mouth of Lake Ontario, contain a num-
ber of beautiful 'and fertile iflanda t>f
diffirrent magnitudea, and well wooded,
and the bay often preftnta t6 the view
VeflTela at anchor, and others palling to
and fh)m the lake. But the miafertune
it, that the advantageoua . communica*
ijtton between thia lake, Montreal and
Quebet, is fooiewhat difficult and dan-
gerouay tht account of the river being
niU of rocka ^nd water falia. This, to-
gether with the ambufeadea of the Iro-
quoia Indiana, induced the French to
abandon and deftroy the ftrong works
they had erefted heie. Thia happened'
in 1689. After thia they re-took and
repaired the phce. At length the Bri-
tim, under cc r Bradftreet, took it in
'759* to whom it was confirmed at the
peace in 1763.
A riv«:r has lately been furveyed by
the deputy furveyor general of Canada,
from its entrance into the lake at Kenty,
near Cadaraqui, to its fource in lake St.
die { from which there is an eafy and
fliort portage acrofs N. W. to the N. E.
angle of Lake Huron, and another
that Is neither long nor difficult, to the
fouthward, to the old fettlement of To-
ronto. This IS a Ihort route from Fort
Frontenac to Michillimackinack. See
Kingflon,
Frowsack Cbatmel, or the Gut of
Canfo, a ftrait between Nova«Scotia and
Cape Breton Ifland, 5 French leagues
lonj?, and one broad.
FRYDVpraiN, a townfliip in Chefter
CO. Pennfylvania.
Fryino-Pan, a dangerous ihoal fo
called from its form; It liea at thi.en-
. trance of Cape Fear R. in Morth-Caro-
iina) the S.^part of it (a in N. lat. 33.
31. 6 mHea mm Cape Fear pitch, uid
H S> E. by S. from the light-houle «on
Bald Head.
Fft YstvROH, or Ftyhtrg, a townlhip
pleafantly fituated in York co. in the
diftrifl of Maine, in a bow formed by
the N. branch «f Gnat Oifipec R. It
WM incovporated in 1777, haaa flouridi-
ing academy, and con|ain8 447 inhabit-
anta. Thia ia the ancient Indian vtt-
lage Peckwalket, through which the up-
per part of 8aeo meanders ) 6e mikt
from the fea, and f to N^ by B.. of Bof«
ton. N. lat. 44. a. W. long. 70. 47.
30.
FVCA, SritAlTS OV JVAN D|, lie
on the N. W . coaft of N. America.
The entrance Ilea between Cape Flattcnr
outheS. fide, in N. lat. 4S. %$, WW
loi^. it4. 5a. to the oppofite coaft oCtha
Quadras ifles, ioN. lat. 48. 53. 30^ It
communicates with Pintard'a finmd, and
thua forms .Qjiadraa idea { in the 8»
eaftcm coaft of which lies Nootlui
found. See Pintofd'i/Mml* The Spa.
niards jealoua of their right to the Ame-
rican coaft, eftabliihed a fettlenMOt at
this place.
FuKGO. Set Ttrra del FmM,
Full Moon Shtal. See aattirmm
FvNDY, a large bay in Ni America^
which opena between tlie iflanda in Pe-
nobicot bay, in Lincdn co. Mauie,
.and Gape Sable, the S. wefteni point ti
,Nova-Scotia. It estenda about too
milea in a N. E. direAiou} ai)d with
Verte bay, which puihea into the bind
in aS. W. direction from the ftraita of
Northumberland, ibrma a very narrow
ifthmua, which unitea Nova-Scotia to
the continent { and where the divifion
line runs between that province and
New-Brunfwick. From its moyth up
to PaflamaqUoddy bay, on its N. W.
fide, fituated between the province of
New-Brunfwick and the diftria of
Maine, are a number of bays and iflanda
on both fides, and thus far it contra£la
its breadth gradually. It is ii leaguea
acrofs from St. John's, in New-Brunf-^
wick, to the Gut of Annapolis, in Nova-
Scotia } where the tides are rapid, and
rife 30 feet. Above this it prefervea
nearly an equal breadth, until its wattera
are formed into two arms, by a penin«
fula, the weftem point of which is call,
ed Cape ChigneAo. -At the head of the
N. eauem arm, calloi Chig»e£to chan*.
nel, which, with bay Verte ^jrnis the
ifthmus, the tides rife 60 feet. In the
Bafin of Minas, which is the £• ^im or
branch of tiiis bay, thM;tides rife 40
feet. Thefe tides are To rapid as to
overtake animals feeding on thc)fliore.
FuNKSTOWN. See Jerufi^em^ ia
Maryland*
Ma 6ABAAOK,
lf»
O At'
GABAROM, ft bfty on the 6. W. of
lotnftutgk id tM ifland of Cipe
BMtoa.
Oabori, a bay on the S. E. eoaft of
Capt Bineton iflanid. The entrance imo
it« which i« not mora than so leagues
horn the ifles of 8t. PiciTe» it between
i^mle ind rocks «bottt a league in
breadth. The bay i« • leagues decp»
and affiuds good anchorage*
GABitiit, 8t. an ifland in the great
river La Plata, S. America, difcovercd
by Sebaftuin Cabor, in the year ijtC.
Oachpas, an Indian tribe, formerly
in alliance with the Deiawares.
GAOB*i TtwH, a Icttlement in 8un>
bury CO. New-BninTwick } on the lands
granted to general Oace, oh the W. fide
of 8c. Jdhn's R. on the northern fliore
of the bay of Fuftdy. The general's
grait cohnfts of ao.ooo acres of land j
the ttp-land of which is in general very
bad. There is. fimie intervale on the
river fide, on which are a few lettiers {
exchifive of thefe fettlements, there is
very little good land of any kind.
OAtBN, a military townfhip in the
^c of New* York, fituated on Canada-
que creek, is miles N. W. of the N.
end of Cayuga lake, and 1 3 S. by E. of
Great Sodus. It is bounikd S. by Ju-
nius.
Galetb, an ifland at the E. end of
lake Ontario, and in the ftate of New-
York, 5 miles S. weft ward of Roebuck
ifland, 5 northerly of Point Gaverfe,
and .': f S. £. of Point au Ooelans.
G A LETTS, La, a neck of land in the
river St. Lawrence, in Canada. From
the point oupofite to i'ille de Montreal,
a road migtit be made to Galefte, fo as
to iave 40 leagues of navigation, which
the falls render almoft impraAicable,
and always very tedious. The land
about La Gaiette is very good { and in
two days time a barque may fail thence
to Niagara, with a:good wind. La Ga-
iette is a league and a half abpve the
fall called les Galots.
Galibis, or Cbaraibit, a nation of
Indians inhaling near New-Andalu.
ii.i, in 3. America; from which the
Gharaibes of tiie Weft-Indies are
thought tobe defdended.
Galicia, anaudlcnc inOldMexi-
G A i;
c* or New-Spain, containing 7 provia*
ces. Guadnaxara is the capital city.
Ga LiVAUO {Icr, Ihenaraeoffcveral
uninhabited ifle* in the South Sea, \wi
both fides the equator, not hati from the
coaft of Terra Firnia t bdonring to
Spain. They lie between ). nT and 4.
S. lat. and between 13. 40. and ty. so»
W. long. There are only 9 of them of
any connderable fixe { Tome of which arc
7 or I leacues long, and 3 or 4 broad.
IMmpierfaw 14 or 15 of them. The
chief of theft are Norfolk, neareft the
continent, WentnoreanMng the N. weft-
emmoft imd Albemarle the wcftemmuft
of all* A number of fmall ifles lie W.
from theft, on both fides the equator i
one of which, Galiego I. lies in the ift
degree of N. lat. and loa. of W. lone.
Many of theft ifles are well wooded,
and fofne have a deep black mouM.
Vaft quantf ^'es of the fineft turtle are to
be foiuid among theft iflands, where
they live the Kreateft part of the year j
yet the)- are ftid to go from thence over
to the main to lay their eggs, which is
at leaft 100 leagues diibnt.
Gallan, St. a Imail ifland on the
coaft of Peru, in lat. 14. S. ^ miles N.
of the high land Morro Vttjo^ or Old
Man*s Held ; between which ifland and
the hi^h land, is a moft eligible ftation
to cruize for vHTds bound for Calla*,
N. or S.
Gau: 1^ ^OLis, a poft town in the N.
W. territory, fituated on a bend of the
Ohio, and nearly oppofite to the mouth
of the great Kanhaway. It is laid to
contain about 100 houles, all inhabited
by French people. It is 140 miles edft-
ward of Columbia, 300 S. W. of Pittf-
bure, and 550 S. W. of Philadelphia.
N. Tat. 39. 1. W. loitg. 83. 9. i
This town is faid to be on the de-
cline, their right to the lands not being
fufficiently fecurtd .
Galots, the Ibwrft cr the falls on
the river St. Lawrence in Canada. Be-
tween the neck of land la Galeite and
les Galots is an excellent countiy, and
no where can there be ieen finer t<^rtlts.
Galots, L'lSLE'AVx, an ifland in
the river St. Lawrence, in Canada ; 3
leagues beycmd. Tifle aux Chevres, in
N. )at. 43. 33.
GALLOf.an ifland in the province of
Popayan, S. America, in N. lat. a. 40.
Captain Dampier lays it is fituated in a
def^iwy, and that off this ifland there
is
lilt on
Be.
and
and
yrelts.
ind in
Ja; 3
es, in
GA9
b not abev« Aor $ Athom water t but
at SegnettSs which if on tfat N. fide* •
vdlel mi^ rid« in deep «aw. free from
any dan^. Th« iiund is high, pro*
vidcd With iRfOod and good watcrt and
having gqad (andy b*y>( where a fliip
may Ite deantd.-i-— Aui^ the name of
an ifland of the 8. fca» near the coaft of
Pcru» which wai the fii-ft place poOefled
by the Spanianls» when they attempted
the conqueft of Peru.
Galloway* atownlhip in Gloucef-
ter CO. New-Jerflsy.
Galway, a townfliip in the new
county of Saratoga, in New* York. By
the ftate cenfus of 1796, it appears that
491 of ita inhabitants are qualified to be
ck'ftors.
Gamblk*/ StatioHt a fort about 1%
miles fronr. Knoxvillr, in Tenntflce.
Gammon, Point, anciently called
Point Gilbert, by Gofnold, forms the
caftem fide of the harbour of Hyanit or
Hyennes, in Baniftableco.Maflachufetts.
Gannelor, a I'raall ifland in the
gulf of St. Lawrence, in N. iat. 48.
near Bird ifland.
Gauazu, a town in Brazil; and pro-
vince of Pernambuco, 25 miles N. of
Olinda.
Garodbr, a townfliip in Worcefter
CO. Maflachufetts, incorporated in 1785.
It contains about 14,000 acres, well wa-
tered, chiefly by Otter R. The road
from CorniK^icut R. thro* Peterfliam,
Gerry, and Tcmpleton on to Bofton,
Eafl«:s through it. It contains 531 in-
abitants, and is x6 miles N. by W. of
Worcjfter, and 60 N. W. of Bofton.
Gardne&V Iftand^ or IJIe o/fyighft
lies at the £. end of Long-Ifland, in
New- York ftate, flieltered within Oyf-
ter Pond and Montauk points j to miles
N. W. of the latter, and as far S. W.
of Plumb I. It contains about 3000
acres of fertile land, the property of one
pei-fon, and yields excellent grafs, wheat
and corn. Fine flieep and cattle are
raifed on it. It is annexed to E^ft
HaropUm, and lies 40 miles fouth-weft-
erly of Newport, Rhode- Ifland.
Gaspe, cr Gacbeftt a bay and head*
land S. of Florell ifle, which lies be-
tween it and Cape Rofiers, on the £.
coaft of Lower Canada, and W. fide of
the ^ulFof St. Lawrence.
Ga&pee, or Namuit Putit, 7 milea
S. of Pruvidence (R, I.) projecting from
the weftcrn fliore of Providence river,
O'E M>
til
rnmrkable at bdmr the plice wkert
thil Brttifli armed Iciiooner, calkd th«
GaTpee, was burnt, lune 10, 177a, by
about (o men from Frovidcncey paint-
ed like Narraganfet Indians. For th«
caufe of thia tranfaftioo, (ct Oordon^i
Hift. of the Abler. Rev. vol. I. p. jn.
Oaspisia, a traft of country on the
S. fide of the mouth of St. liawrenct
R. and on the N. fide of Chakurs bay»
in Lower Canada. Its E; extremity it
Cape Rofiers. The Indians called GaT.
pebans inhabit here.
Gates Ct. in Edentmcaftem dif-.
tria, N. Carolina, is bounded N. by
the ftate of Virginia, S. by Chowan co.
It contains 539a inhabitants, including
1119 flaves . Chief town, Hertford.
Gay Headth* kinduf peninfula on
Martha's Vineyard, between 3 and 4
miles in length, and a in breadth, and
almoft feparated fjporo the other part of
the ifland by a larye p«id. The In-
dians inhabiting this jart, when lately
numbered, amounted to S03. The foil
is goud, and bnly requires cultivation
to produce moft vegetables in perfec-
tion. There are evident marks of ther«, '
having been volcanoes formerly qn tbiat
peninlula. The marks of 4 or 5 cratera
ai-e plainly to be i'een. The moft ibuth-
eriy and probably the moft ancient, as
it is grown over with grafs, now cidled
the Devirs Den, is at kaft 10 rods over
at the top, i4iat the bottom, and full
130 feet at the fides, except that which
is next the fea, where it is open. A
man now alive relates, that his toctfher
could remember when it was common to
fef a light upon Qzy Head in the night
time. Others fay, their anceftors have
told them, that the whalemen uled to
guide themfelves in the nigl\t by the Ughtii
that were feen upon Gay Hear. The fea
has made fuch encroarhpients here, that,
within 30 years, it has fwept off 15 or ao
rods. TheextiemityofGayHe^disthe
S. W, poinf of tiie Vineyard.. N. lat»
41 . 10. W. long, fi-om Greenwich 70. 50,
G£I(ELEMUE(CPECHU£NK, a town
of the Delawai'e Indians, on a creek of
the fame name, a head water of the Muf-
kingum. This was the northeinmoft
Moravian fettlement on Mulkingum R.
It lies la miles N. £. by N. ofSalema
and 78 N. wefterly of Pittfl]tu^g.
Gembsie, a Uxt on the river St,
John's, which was tal^eo by the Englifli
in 1674,
M3 GEMBSSIB,
. <iu
fin GEO
' OiNBifiii, • townflilp bi dntwlo
M. N«w-Yorit', having si 7 elcAort.
OlHiiiiP Ctimtrf, A lam tniaef
ImdiDthc (Uteofrnw-Yonc, bound-
MN. ind N. W. by lake Ontario, 8.
H' Ptnn^lvania, E. Vv tho wcftctn part
tile minunr tOwnfluMi in Onendlgo
. and W. 67 lakk Em and Niagara
TfL. It i» a rich traM' of country, and
irell watered by lakes and rifcra j one
6f the httnr, OcneflVe R. givci name to
tiiia tntft. It is generally flat, the riv-
tre fluggifli, the foil moift,' and the lakes
MnnerouSt
' OtNitsBi Rhfer. See Chetuffu.
GtNiVA, a lake in Upper Canada,
which fonns the W. extremity of lake
<tetario{ to which it is joined by a
Ibort and narrow ftrait.
OiMlvA, * poft town in Onondago
to* NeW>York, on the great road from
Albany to Niagare ' ntuated on the
bank of the M. ^. corner of Seneca
lake, about 74 miles W. of Oneida caf-
tle, and 91 W. of Whiteflown. The
VHends Mttlcment-Ues iibout 1 9 miles
Iwlow this. ' Here were 10 log-houfes,
ind a few other buildinp fevml years
s^, which hare much increaftd fince.'
' Genbvibvb, St. or Miffiret aviU
lege in Lotiifiana, On the weftembankof
the M ifRfippi^ nearly oppoflte to' the vii-
iMe of Kaflcafkias, iJi miles foutherly
OTTortChartres. It contained about lo
^rs ago, Upwards of 100 houfcs, and
if6o inhabitants, befides Negroes.
*' Gboroe's St. a cape and iflands
neuiy oppbfite to the river Apalachico-
K oh the cbaft of E. Florida.- Cape St.
George's lies about 6 leagues to the
caftward of Cape Blaize, being an elbow
of the largefi of St. George's iflands, in
K. lat. 19. 8. There is a large flioal
running out From it a confiderabie way,
Itut how far ha& not yet been afciihained .
The coaft between it and Cape Blaize;
fbrme a'kind of hollow bay, with
deep ' found rtigs and a ibft bottom.
There are two Iflands to the N. W. of
8t. George's Cape ; that neareft to it
is fniaU, and rernarkahle for a clump of
*^^ggling ^rees on the middle of it ; the
other is prerty large, and of a triangu>
Jar form,' and reaches wi^liin 3 leag|ues of
Cape Bisize, ' halving a paflage^ at each
end if it for rmall craft into the bay,
between thefe iflands and the river
Apalachicola j but this bay is full of
ft^i and oyfter-banks, and not above
GEO
two «r thne ftat water at meft, In wf
of thebnutefiesef that river.
Gbobob, Port, waa ArmrtM o^-
Point Comfort, it the moutk of Umea
R. and 5 miles N. E. of Craaey lillMi,
at the mouth of Bliiabcth R. m Virgi.
nia. See CtMfwrt*
Gborgb, roBT KiMQ, an aiifien^
ibrt in Georgia, which Hood 5 miles N.
E. of the town of Daricn, in Xiberty
CO. fituated at the head of a creek whicfi
flows into the ocean oppofite Sapcb I.
It is now in ruins.
Gbobob, Lakb, in Eaft Florid*, ia
a dilation of the river St. Juan,- or St.
John, and called alfo Great Lake. H
is about 1 5 niiles wide, and generally
about 1 5 or ao feet deep, excepting at
the (entrance of the river, where lies a
bar, which carries S or 9 feet water.
The lake is beautified with two or three
fiirtile iflands. The largeft is about %
miles broad, and commands a moft de-
lightful and extenflve profoeft <(f the,
waters, iflands, E. wA W. uores of the \
hike, the capes, the bay and mount
Royal I and to the 8. the view is vtty
extAifive. Here are vident marks of a
large town of the aborigines, and the
ifland appears to have been once the
chofen refidence of ah Indian prinre.
on the fcife of this ancient town flanda
a very pompous Indian mount, or coni-
cal pyramid of "^carth, fiom which runs
in a flraight line, a gi^nd ayenue or In-
dian hienway, through a hiagiiificent
grove of magnolias, liVe oaks, palms
and orange trees, tenhinating at thef
verge of a large, green, level' favanna.
From fragments (Uig up, it appears to
have been a' thickly uihabited town.
See St. John's river. . ■ >' •
George, Lake, lies to the fouth-
ward of lake Champlain, and its waters
lie about 100 feet higher. The portage
between the two lakes is a mile anda
half; but with a fmall expence might
be reduced to 60 yards } and ^ith one
or two locks might be made tii^igable
throug;h, for batteux. It is a m^f!:
clear, beautiful coUcJlion of water j
36 miles lorig, and from i to 7 >wide.
It embdfoms more thait ' aoo iflands,
fbme fay 365 j very few of which are
any thing more than barren rocks, co-
vered with heath, and a few cedar,
()>ruce and hemlock trees, and flirubs,
and abundance of rattle-liiakcs. Onr
each fide it ii ftirted by prodigious
mountains i
is
GEO
iBonnialiM i from whkh kifi fbMMl-
tiet of red Mdir tn ■nnuiliy curled to
Nnr.York for fliip timber. Th* Mc
it foil of fidiw, aitd fomc of thi bcft
kinci, M the black or Ofwcgo btA, alfo
kirgt fpeckled troute. It wai called
lake Sacrament by the French* who. in
former times, were at the ptini to pro-
cure this water for facramental ufct in
•11 their churches in Canada t hence pro-
bably it derived its name. The remains
of Fort George ttand at the S. end of
the lake, about 14 miles N. by W. of
Fort Edward, on Hudfon river. The
famous fort of Tieonderoga, which
ftood at the N. fide the outlet of the
lake, where It diftharged its waters
into lake Champlain, is now in ruins.
Sec CbdtHptam and Tiemuleroga.
. Oeorgb's, St. an IflaM and parifli
belonging to the Bermuda ifles, in the
Wcft.Indies. N. lat. jt. 45. W. long.
63. 30.
Oeorob*!, St. • large and deep bay
on the W. fide of Newfoundland iilanc^
N. lat. 4.8. It.
Oboiiob*s Bank, St. afilhingbank
in the Atlantic ocean, E. of Cape Cod,
in Maflachufctts. It extends Irom N.
to 8. between 41. 15
lat. and between 67.
W. long.
Gborob's Kby, St. was one of
the principal BritiOi fettlements in the
bay of Honduras. It was taken by the
Spani^irds during the American war,
but retaken by the Britilh foon after.
The Britifli fettlements on the Mof-
quito (here, and in the bay of Honduras,
were furrendered to the crown of Spain,
at the Spantfli convention, figned at
London, the 14th of July, 1786.
GBORaB'sRi^eR,ST. in St. Mary's
CO. Maryland, is a very broad but (hort
creek, whofe mouth lies between Piney
Point and St. Mary's R. on the N. hank
of the Potowmack, oppofite the ifland of
the fame name.
Georgb's River,St. in Lincoln co.
diftriA of Maine, or rather an arm of the
Tea, lies about • leagues S. W. of Pe-
nobfcot buy. Four leagues from the
mouth of this river (lands Thomafton.
This river is navigable for brigs and
^lipsefa large bunlen up to the nar-
rows } and from thence abotit 4 miles
higher, to nearly the head of the tide,
for floops and fchooners of 80 or 90
tons. It is about half a league wide up
. and 4s. *t. N.
50. and 68. 40.
riEt) ft}
tBthe aan wu. OflMcftfinlMRfd**
rable vcftlahiWbeM boilt istUtrifWV
which are cmpfeved In eoRftli^twl
Ibmetlmet in foraign voyj^pe. T%m
are bow owned in this river, thoogli ft
docs not in all eiceed 4 ketgwa in lengtli^
I brig, • topfail fchoonert, Md ^
floops i bi all tboot 1 io» torn. The
navigatkm, howcvur, le getienlly Iftt^r*
rupted in winter, when not cwy th*
(breams through the country, bnt the
rah water river* are locked up tindi
f^rirtg. ' Fi(h abound here, of Umoit aH
kinds, in their (kafon { and even lobihsrei
oylters, clams, and other driicaciee tn
tne a(|ucoua kind, are plenty k tlUt
river.
GROROB's,8T.a vitlsj^nearly in the
centre of Newcaftle co. Debware, on •
creek of its own name, which falls intd
DelawftreR. 4 miles below, a littk
above Reedy Illand. It is 17 milerS.
by W. of Wilmington, and 45 S. W.
ofPhiUdelphia.
Georgb's, St. the capital of thi
ifland of Grenada, in the W. Indies |
formerly called Fofi Royale, which
name the Fort (kill retains. It is fitout-
ed on a fpacious bay, on the W. or lee
(ide of the ifland, not far from the S.end^
and poflelles one of the fafeft and mo(l
commodious harbours in the Briti(h W.
Indies, which has lately been fortified
at a very great expcnce, and declared a
free port. This town was deftroyed by
a dreadful fire in 1771, and on Novem*
bcri, 1775, it met with the likemil^
fortune { and the iofs was valued at
£. 50O1O00. The town now makee a
very handfome appearance, has a ^o
crous fquare or parade ) the hobica are
built of^ brick, and tiled or flated{ (bme
few are built of ftone, excepting the ware-
honfes and dwelling houfes round the
harbour, which are moftly wooden build*
ings. Thefe are in a great meafure
feparated from the town by a very fteep
and rocky hill, the houfes on which,,
with the trees which ferve for (hade,
have a romantic appearance. . The
town is computed to contain about 1000
inhabitants, many of whom are wealthy
merchants. This was its fitution be-
fore the infurreftion of the negroes } of
its prefent ftate we have not authentic
information.
Grorgbtown, the chief town of
Sufliix CO. Delaware, is fituated 16 miles
W. S. W.-of Lewtftown, and 103 S. of
M 4 Philadelphia.
m
oxo
9WMM^. It comOm
kmmfim toMiiy courti.
•Iwut $0
tht
OiOROitoWN,apoil town in Mary-
M(l| fitaniMlinKimteo.onthiE. fide
ofChdantakbay* of about so houAi.
It iiomUM Irani tht nMnith of the riv-
er Samflru* beiiw (mmA on the 8. lidc
oppoTito to Fraderidtt *oN. B. of Chef*
tSrVvd «s S* W. of Philwlrlphia.
OiCRQiTOWNt • village jf Fayette
ctt> Penn(yivania, (ttaated on the 8. B.
Mo of Mononnhela R. at the mouth of
Ocerfe** ercek. Here a number of
beata are annually built for the trade
and emigration to the wcftem country.
It lice iwmilea 8. W. ofUrion.
OlOROiTOWNi a peft town and port
•f entryt in MontgoMcry co. Miry>
kndi and in the territory of Columbia.
It ia pkaAntly fituated on a number of
ArnJl hill*, upon the northern bank of
Potowmack K. i bounded eaihward by
Rock creek t which feporatee it from
Waihimrton eitVy and lies 4 miles from
the capitolt ana S N. of Alexandria.
It conttkfaie about 130 houfeii fcveralof
which are elesant and commodious.
The Roman Catholics have eftabliflied
n eoUn;e hcre» for the promccion of gt-
neral Iitrrature» which is at prefent in a
very ilom^diing ftate. The building
bebig found imdequate to contain the
number of ftudents that applied, a large
addition has been made to it. Georee-
town carries on a fmall trade with Eu-
rope and the W. Indies. The exports
in one year» ending Sept. 30, 1794*
amounted to the value of i«t,9*4 dot-
hre. It is 46 miles S. W. by W. of
Baltimore, and 148 S. W. of Philad^.
phia.
GboRgitown, in Lincoln co. dif.
trifl of Mainci is fitusted on both fides
of KLennebeck R. It was incorporated
in 1716, is the oldeft town in the
countVf and contains 1333 inhabitants.
It is bounded fotitherly by the ocean,
v^efterly by the towns of Harpawelland
Brunfwick, N. wefterly by mtlx, and
eaflerly by Woolwich) being entirely
furrounded by navif^able watersi except-
ing ab6ut s miles of land, which divides
tlVe waters of Winnagance creek, a part
of the Kennebeck, from an arm or in-
flux of Cafco bay, called Stephen's R.
The emrance at the mouth of Kenne-
beck R. is guided on the E. by Parker's
ifland, belonging to this townihip. It
GEO
contahw about sl,ooe aemof knd ami
fall marfli, and is inhabited by mora
than one third part of the people of ib«
townftip. This was the (pot on uMch
theEurepeana ftrft attempted ty colo.
nise New-England* in the vtaf i<lo7*
It is a part of what was called Sagada-
hock f and the patemtaea of the Plymouth
company began here to Uy the Munda-
tion of a great ftate. They ftnt over a
number of ciril and military officers,
and about too people. By various mif-
fortunes they were forced to give up tht
fettlemani, and in 1608, thft whole
number wlio furvivod the winter return-
ed to England.
There was a tradition . among tht
Nonridgewalk Indians, that thefe plant-
ers invited a number of the natives,
who had come to trade with them, to
draw a fmall cannon by n rope, and
that when they were ranged in a line,
the white people difcharged the pieces
and thereby killed and wound^ Icveral
of them. The refentment of the na«
tives at this treacherous munler, obli|^-
ed the Europeans to reimbark the next
fummer. Georgetown is 1 5 miles S.
of rownalborough,.and 170 N. by £.
of Bofton.
GioncBTOWN, apofttownof Geor-
§ia, in the co. of Oglethorpe, 50 miles
. W.of Augufta, lurroundedbyapoor
country) but neverthelefs, exhibits marks
of crowing profperity.
Gborobtown, alarge maritimedif*
tri^ in the lower country of 8. Caroli-
na, fituated in the 8. E. comer of the
ftate) bounded N. £. by the ftate of
N. Carolina, 8. E. by the ocean, 8. W.
by Santee river, which divides -it from
Charlefton diftriS;, and N. W. by Cam*
den and Cheraw d»ftri£ts. It is about
I «s miles from N. to 8. and 63 from £.
to W. and is divided into the pariflies
of AH Saints, Prince George, ana Prince
Frederick. It contains, according to
the cenfus of 1790, «s,i»i inhabitants,
of whom 13,131 are (laves. It fends
to the ftate legiflature 10 reprefentativeH
and 3 fenators, and pays taxes to the
amount of 3585I. i«s. 6d.
GeoROETOWN, a poft town, port of
entry, and capital of tne above diftri6\,
and is fituated on a fpot near which fe-
veral ftreams unite their waters, and
form a broad ftream called Winyaw bay,
It miles from the fea. See Pedte Rmtr,
Its'fituation connects it with an exten-
five
GEO
fivi btck country of both th* CtrelkiMi
and would be • place of vei import-
ance, were it not fora bnr at the en*
tfMMc of Winyiw bay* which iatcTf
nipts the entrance of vefleU drawing
above 1 1 feet water* and ia in nuuiy re-
Cpe&i » ilangcroiM plnce. It containa
tains above 300 houwa* built chiefly of
wood. The public buildingfe are a
co«irt-houle, gaol* and academv) 3
churchee* of which the Epifcopaltana,
Baptiftv, and Methodirt* have one each.
Thc~e it l.ere a fmall trade to the Weft
Indiea. The export! for one year* end-
ing Sept. )o* 1795* were to the value of
ai«5i I dollars. ItU6emileaN.E. by
N. ofCharleften* 1*7 &• W. of WiU
mington, N.Carolina, and iii from Phi-
lailclphia* N. lat.33.t4.W. long. 79*3S>
Gii\)RoiA* one of the United State*
of N. America* i« fituated between 30.
37. and 35 N. lat. ind between 80. S.
and 91. 8. W. long, being about 600
miles in length, and on an avei*age a<o
in breadth. It is bounded E. by the
Atlantic ocean j S. by E. and W. Flo-
rida} W. by the river Miflifippii N.
£. and N. by S. Carolina and the Ten-
neflee (late. It was formerly divided
into piMtlhes, afterwards into 3 diltrrflt,
but lately into two dtftri£ls, viz. Upper
and Lower, which are fubdivided into
14 counties as follow t In the lower
diftrifl are Camden, Glynn, Liberty,
Chatham* Bryan, M'lnto/h, Effingham,
Soriven, and Burke. The cpunties in
the Upper DiftriA are Montgomery,
Wafliington, Hancock, Greene, Frank-
lin, Oglethorpe, Elbert, Wilkes, Lin-
coln, Wnrren, JefFerfon, Jackfon, Bul-
lock, CoUmibia, and Richmond. The
principal towns are Augufta, formerly
the feat of government, Savannah, the
former capital of the ftate, Sunbury,
Bi-unfwick, Frederica* Waihington, and
Louifville, which it the metropolis of
tlie ftate} and here are depofited the
records of the ftatc, fuch ot them as a
late legiflaturc did not order to be pub-
licly burnt.
The principal rivers which water
Georgia are. Savannah, which feparates
it from S, Carolina; Ogeecliee river,
which runs parallel with the former,
and Alatamaha, which runs parallel with
the others. Bclides thcfc and their nu-
n)erou8 brauclits, there is Turtle river,
Little Sitilla, Great Sitiila, Crooked R.
GEO
••§
a«i 81. Mtry^t* whldi fcnM« wm0l
th« fiNrthtm boMMlMv U iIm UiM
States. The rivtra in tht m&Mla ani
wcftem pwu will be mcM wMlar tlw
bead of 04trgiM Wl^hnTtrrifmy, Ail
thcA; are ftirad witk ■ great varktWf
Alh* aa rock* *iiiulbt* wteirinf > mtd,
trout* drum* bs^y cniliflirwhiut* brhn,
and llurgeon | and th« baya«n<l lagoon*
are fuppUcd with o^ra* mMI mIm?
fliell-fim* crabs* fbrunps* tte, 71m
clams* in particular* wt l^vgtf tlwiff
meat white* tender* ynd daUcaie. Tlw
fliark and great black ftingiay are iaiitti-
able cannibala* and very troublaibmt t«
the fiihcrmcn. The chief lake or narii
is Ekanfiuioka, by Ibme called Ouaqon-
phenogaw, which 1* 300 roiica in cir*
cumferencff.
The eaftem pai. of the ftatc* bctw«M
the mountains am .he ocean* «id tho
rivers Savannah and ot. Mary^a* a traft
of country more than laemUaa lima
N. to S. and from 50 to to E.. and W«
is level, without a hill or Aone. At
tlie diftance of about 40. or 50 miki
from the fea board* or fait nuu'li* tht
'lands begin to be more or lefa uncvcMf
until they gradually rife to mouataina.
The valt chain of the Alleghany or Ap.
paiachian mountains* which commence
with the Kaats Kill* near Hudlbn R.ta
the ftate of New- York* tcrminata ia
Georgia, 60 miles S. of its northcra
boundary. From the foot of this moun*
tain fpreads a wide extended plain* of
the richeft (oil, and in a latitude and
clii;nate well adapted to the cultivation
of rooft of the produAions of. the foutli
of Europe, and of the Eaft Indies. In
the low country, near the rice fwanipt^
bilious complaints and fevers of various
kinds are pretty univerfal* during the
months of July* Auguft, and Septem*
ber I but the fertility of tlie foil, and die
t-afc with which it is improved* are a
iufGcient inducement to fettlers, and an
unfailing fource ot wealth. Be/ore the
fickly feafon approaches, the rich plaii
ers, with their families, remove to
fea-iflands, or fome elevated, healtl
fituation, for tlie benefit of the freih air.
In the winter and I'pring, pleurifies*
peripncumunies, and other indaramatoiy
diforders, occafioned by violent and fucU
den coUis, are confidi^iahly common*
and frequently fatal. Coalumptions*
epilepfie«, cancers, palfies* and apo-
l^lcxici
tU
GEO
usr5
rlJ^
fekntet, art not To cotniiMn«inong the
MMbilaiiM of the fottthern at northern
ttematet.
The winters in Georgia are very mild
*iid plealknt. Sno>v is feldom or never
ftn } nor it vegetarion often prevented
hy revere froftt. ' Cattle fubfift tolerably
vreU during the winter, feeding in the
troodt and (avamnt, and are tatter in
that feafea than in any other. In the
UUy country, which oegint about 50,
and in Anne placet toe miles, from the
iati tlic air is pure and fahibriout, and
llw water plenty and good. From June
itt Septcmoer the mercury in Fahren-
heit't thermometer commonly fluAuates
fptm 76. to 90. Ir winter from 40. to
<•• The moft prevailing winds are S.
W.andE. ; in winter N.W. TheR.
ai^Kl it warmeft in winter and cooleft in
^Mmner. The S. wind in fummer and
M parUcularly, it damp, fultry, un-
tUMci and 6f courfe unhealthy. In
the S. E. partt of 'thit ftate, which lie
undiin a few degrees of the totrid zone,
the atmofphere is kept in motion by im-
fMfliont from the trade winds. This
CHiet the air; fo that it is found to
e falntary cffcAt on cpnlumptive
. kabitt.
In the low landt are the rice fields.
In the interior and hilly parts, wheat,
Indian com, and the omer prc>dn6lions
tnmt common to the northern ftates.
Rke it at prefent the ftaple commodity
^ the ftate; tobacco, wheat and indigo
Ma the other great articlet of produce.
Ikfides thefe the ft e yields cotton, filk,
6tni§ potatoes, — "n;s, figs, olives,
pamegranates, kc. 1 ne foreiis confift
'vf Mk, hickory, mulheny, pine, cedar,
■^■'. The whole coaft is bordered with
^'/•ivjs; the principal of which are
»fik!iwny, VVaflaw, Oflabaw, St. Ca-
*h«rin««,5apelo, Frederica, Jekyl, Cum-
ixkxiif.J, &c. Thefe iflands are lur
, rounded by navigable creeks, between
^ich ar d the main land is a large ex-
j^tcnt of iult madh, fronting the whole
l^lplte, not left, on an average, than 4 or
} milet in breadth, interfefled with
creekt in variout direftions, admitting,
thimigh the whole, an inland naviga-
tion, between the iflands and the main
Jand, from the N. E. to the S. E. cor-
ners of the ftate. The E. fuks of thefe
iflandt are, for the moft part, clean,
hard, fandy beaches, expofca to the wafli
of tile .ocean. Between thefe iflandt are
GEO
the entrancei of the rivert from the In-
terin* couhtry, winding through the low
fait madhes, and delivering their wa«
ters into the founds, which form ca^pa-
cious harbours of ' from 3 to 8 miles
over, and which communicate with each
other by parallel fait creeks.
The foil and its fertility are - rariout,
according to iituation ana different im-
provement. The iflandt in their natu«
rat ftate are covered with a pkntihil
growth of pine, oc.k, hickory, live oak
[an uncommonly hard and very valuable
wood] and fome red cedar. The foil
is a mixture. nffand and black mould,
making what is conimonly called a grey
foil. A confiderable part of it, parti-
cularly that whereon grow the oak,
hickory and live oak is very rich, and
yields on cultivation, good cropsof in-
digo, cotton, cv«m, and potatoes^ The
foU of tlw main land, adjoining the
marihes and creeks is nearly of the fame
quality with that of the iflands i except
that which borders on thofe rivers and
creekt, which ftretch far back into the
country. (Xi thefe, immediately after
you leave the falte, begin the valuable
rice fwamps^ whi1.11, on cultivation, af-
ford the prefent chief ftaple IF com-
merce.
The foil between the rivert, after yoii
leave the fea board, and the edge of^the
fwamps, at the diftanceof 10 or 30 miles,
changes from a grey to a red colour, on
which grows plenty of oak and hickory,
with a confiderable intermixture of pine.
In fome places it it gravelly, but fertile,
and fo continuet for a number of miles
gradually deepening the reddifli colour
of the earth, till it changes into what is
called the Mulatto foil, confiftingof a
black and red earth. The Mulatto
lands are generally ftrong, and yield
large crops of wheat, tobacco, corn, &c .
To this Kind of land fucceeds by turns
a foil nearly black and v;ry rich, on
which grow large quantities of< black
walnut, mulberry, &c. This fuccef-
lion of different foils continues uniform
and regular, though tljere are fome large
veins of all the dimrent foils inte*-mix(9}
arid what is more remarkable, this fuc-
ceffion, in the order mentioned, ftretches
acrofs this ftate nearly parallel with the
iea coaft, and extends through the feve-
ral ftates, nearly in the fame dire£lion,
to the banks of Hndfon river.
Cotton was formerly planted here,
only
GEO
Mily by the poorer chft of people, ind
thxt onlv for family uft. They plant-
ed two kindt, the amaud and the Wtft
inJum I the former is low, and planted
every year{ the balls are large, and the
ahlox long, ftrong, and perfectly white.
The latter is a tall perennial plant, the
^k fomewhat flirubby, leverai of which
rife up from the root for leverai years
AiGcefltvely, the ftems of the former
?ar being killed by the wintrr frofts.
he bills of the Weft-India cotton are
iiol quite fo large as the other, but the
}>hlox or wool is long, extremely fine,,
ilky and white. A plantation of this
kind will laft feveral years, with mode-
rate labour and care. The culture of
cotum is now much more attended to t
feveral indigo planters have converted
their plantations into cotton fields. A
new fpccies is about to be introduced
into this ftate, the feed of, which </:
lately brought by Capt. Jofiah Robf rts
jfrom Waitahoo, one of the Marque >!;
iAands in the S. Pacifie ocean, and 6mt
io a gentleman in Oeoreia by a member
of the Hiftorical Society in Bofton.
Xhis cotton is of a very fine texture,
and is expeAed will prove a coniiderahle
acqnifit'oQ to the fouthem ftates. The
cotton at prefent raifed in Georgia, is
diftinguiftied by lome Into two kinds,
the green and black feed ; the former is
planted in the Upptr Cmiutryt the latter
on the fea-iflands and adjacent lands, and
was brought, about the year i?88, from
the Bahamas. And there is now a
profpe£t, that in a few years the States
of S. Carolina and Georgia may be able
to raiie more than ttntmlBoHs of pounds
of <;ottafn annually for exportation.
Moft of the tropical fraits would ilouri(h
in this S'tate, with proper attention.
The fouth-weftern part of this State,
and the'parts of Eaft and Weft Florida,
which lie adjoining, will, probably, in
fome future tiire, become the vineyard
of America. The chief articles of ex-
port are rice, tobacco, indigo, fago,
lumber, naval (lores, leather, deer-lkins,
fnake-root, myrtle and bees wax, cdm,
and live ftock. The planters and far-
mers raife large ftocks pf cattle, from
ii,ooo to 1,500 head, and fome more.
The value in fterling money, of the ex-
ports of Georgia, in the year 1755, was
«5,74+J.--»ni77*»iai.077l — ^1791,
valife in dollars 49t,47«->-in 1792,
^S*»973"^»n »79+» SO»»3*3— in 1796*
GEO
tiy
<7St<S4* '^ in «79C» 99^*SS«' it
1790, the tonnage cmpk^ed iii^ia ftM»
was 18,540^ and the number of Amb».
can feaman 1 \%$, In reiani Ibr htt
exports Georgia receives W. UMk
goods, teas, wuMs, cloat}iii%» and diy
goods of all kinds. From the nertbem
States, cheefe,fiai^jpotatDet» iq^rfai,***'
der, and ihoes. The imporu and cs"
ports are principally to ana frMH ^ivrta^
nah, which has a nne harbour, and is
the pUce where the prin^pal co i n m e t c iji
bufmefs of the State is tranfiilUd« Ac-
cording to the cenfus of 1790, the ttwi^
tier of mhabitants amountdl l» ta,54<,
of mkam S9>*64 were Haves. Tlie Hi«
creafe by emigration and othenNdlir, has
been very confiderable fiAee. Thedif^
ferent religious feds are PrefbyteriMM,
EjMfcopaiians, Baptifts, indMetbodita.
They have but few rcf^lnr miniften
among them. The cititens of Georpa
have htely revifed and altered their cm^
flitution, and formed it upon a plan fi»
mihr to the federal Conftitution of the
United States. The literature of this
State, which is yet in its infiinqr, it
commencing on a plan which, it tvor
carried into effeft, will be very advaa*
tageous to the State. A college wMi
ample and liberal endowments, is ii^i.
tuted in LouiiVillet a high and heaMqr
part of the country, near the centic of
the State. There is alfo provifion mtit
for the inftitutionof an academy in eidi
county of the State, to be foppoited
from the fame funds, and confidered m
parts and members of the fame inftito-
tion, under the ge^ieral liiperiMendMoe
and direAion of a prefident and boaid of
truftees, fele^led for their literary ac*
complUhments fW)m the different parts
of the State, and invefted with the cuf-
tomary powers of corporations. Thia«
inftitutioii is denominated Tbt Vmvtr-
Jity ofGewpa. The funds for the fup^
port of literary inftitutions are princi-
pally in lands, amcunting in the whole
to 50,000 acres, a great part of which
is of the beft quality, and at preihit
very valuable j together with nearly
6000I. ilerling in bonds, houfes, and
town lots in Augufta. Other public
property to the amount of loooi. \n
each county, has been fet apart for the
purpofes of building and furnifhing their
refpeAive academies. The funds ori-
ginally defigned to fu *port the literary
orphan-houfe, fdundcu by the Rev. Geo.
Wbitefield,
JTbittfivUr are dMtfy i« ri^t plantnttpm
jaA MBWPr 1^^ the death of the
CioMHci* o|l|qntiH((doiOy to whom Mr.
WhitdMU bf4|tttoathe(i'this pn^erty, a»
Milleey. tiie legililatiur«, in th«; year i f%^,
Boffiki » Inv* yff^g it in : 13 comiptr.
aSMpit|Qi|» aa^ iit ecfu^inient to the
0Mm^ tlie feminajtJ !» ftyled $un.
itii^(ii«Mt|pollcg«. ;^i.?;
~ firftMedintl^year
he onljFiilBi^ny fi|ttlc4
thecriipi#'"^
litTBRH TjHIIUVORr.
i iiMiMedjUl nui|part
jrn^ which li^-weft '
^_ 4o^tbo&rwq| vih'ich f^
|«U^o the#.U^!%t<»«a.*iTJjif ex- 't|
tevm tri^ lljMitry eq#aceiibme
of the fineHtM^ie UmtedStads, is
interfiBftcd y»m ^gKatmejaJb^pt |ioble
mwril, wh^ch Inp^ be feen by p^ inrfpec
tioli«f ^ve roai>» ani ia inhabited (exr
4DCpt £ieh ^ts wheneih the- Indian otitic
.^a been exlin|;uiihed) by three natione
of UdiM»t VIZ. t!|e Muikogulge of
Cimk, theCba^ini am) Ghicka&«M.
J|^ Chcrol»^«I» hate n title , to a
lipill IMttiipn # the noltliern part of
M^Mtt^mf* W the.TennelTee river.
SM^UHia ti^her fjui fuinidi be-
1 and ^poop *w«rrioit|fc About aooo j
of «Fi»j^ peoplf inhabit thofe
O E <SN
■it^Thiti
Uniirt%i)afr
of^tate^<
oftbeheadimite)!
p«its of thia territory where the Indian
title has been -cxtifttuiihedy chiefly at
the,Natche«, and the Vaxi^river, w the
brinks of the Mifliftppi* and « ooniM^crr
able number on the TonibiglMf riwr*
and fcattered among the Creek iWians.
This territory, for reaibns which will
hereafter appear* Ula. lately licconie an
objeiEtof much public attention and in*
qiipyi in Europe, as well as in the United
$t|te8 ; and on this accoimt, thefoUow-
uig defcription of it and ftatemcnt of
fii^s relative to the fale of certain parta
t, and the claims of the United States,
have been coUe£l<d and arranged
h great care fiwm the moft authentic
ces that can be obtained,' and given
ier this head for the information of
publjc,* This territory, lying be-
tfve 31ft and jsth degrees of N*
tilde, is not fubjeft to the ektrenieaof
hcjit or cold t the climate is temperate
ai«l delightful through the' year j afid
exflept in low grounds, and in the neiglh^'
bi^rhood of ftagnant waters, is very
healthful. White frofts, and Ibmetimes
thin ice, have been feen as far S. as the
3 ift degred of latiti»de ) but I'now is very
uncommon in any part of this territory*
Ai^neribn refiding at thi^Natchex writes
toihis friend, in the eaftetn part of Geor.
gu, that ** this country aflbi-ds the^beft
tling water 1 every perfon almoft is in
bMoming hcalth.**f Othery who h«"9
viiited
■'\
' t^^l^lThefrnfceswlMtiice the aathor has derived his information, in drawing up the follow-
IpiH^nnt, arc Capt.ThomM Hutchtns's '< HiAprical narrative andtt^jographkal defcrip-
tlMMif Luuifiana and,]Weft Florida," c^prehenfingaifo niany of the rivers and fettlernenca
in the OewgiaWeftern Territory ; puUilhed in 4784. Private letters and journals; mi*
nttte«4^{ken from verfaial dcfcriptiont of gentieme^ of veracity and intelligence who have re-
litiljipn that'Oountry. t'hejoiimaiiand lawsof the State of Georgia— ^ute Papersand Re«
ports both printed and |M. S. of Congrefs, and of Agents of the Ceveral companies who liave
pur^affld lands in this tcrritor]^.
^^ jh The letter here alluded to contains the fbl Wing paragraphs : ** Our navigation is ex-
cellp^ {,'«vr high tauls preferable to Beach .lflai)d,f when in its bloom ; ftoclc is as eafy
, :^ mieacal wIVB^cyoinisc ; lands are riling f»ft, atid I expeA will be very high in a few
T^IR' lltetaiirs in common, on the high Isnd^ larger than in the rivcr-fwamps, fmean-
iwjl die eafterii part of Georgia j from 30 to 3; feet high, and upwards, and in rliany
f\»*x» ftand fothi<k, that oiiecan fcarcely walk a mite in half an hour. Sonne families
tnuft be coming to thipiinoft floutifliing country bi tbc world. I wifli you to advifeanyof
myielatiMlsyuu fee to come with all hafte ; if tqey can get here, and are turned out naked
iu the wofld, in one year they might be fixed again. I am fure cuuld I have time to tuy as
much as 1 wifli to (ay, you would be with me this fall. I cuuld venture to almoft promife,
^(f ou woilld he wife and come, to make good any deficiencies you might find in the place."
TM.ilka^or It inpo jflion of the original letter, above mentioned, which has every mark
of attthcncicky t and the above eatraAs are infi^ied, as containing the (imple, honcft df'*
fcrlptwn of a jpblln farmer ; and on which mofp dependence is to be placed,^ than on the
' mbff efJt^rate aii^ dieiant w¥4(ription«, of intef^fted individuatr
4 J^lmiiHg t9 m nmariahlifntih ijlemd in tbt-eafternpart cfGtergfa, in tbe neigb^rUad
y- tbt v/fiter't etrreffwuUnl, and with wkich both vttrt V)tU acpta'mtiU.
>
y
mn
itbe
an
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t of
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»te».
.
»ged
:ntic
iven
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be-
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ig^^
mrs
the
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ky.
irc«
cor-
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Bin
ited
>w-
ip.
nu
nU
re-
ve
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3««
iMlaiiinMsai T^Jft^^npm
m
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TT
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M
1
7
lIL;
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iT^
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u ^
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I ('
/•'•
*"■.>-:
*'Wc
fijf'
im
I
I
-I
vtiit^ U, % oiP thgt part of the terrlto.
ry which bonlm on the Miffifippi, that
« the water ii good for to milea back
from the river, and the country healthy
and plnfluit, and of all othen that they
have feen the moft defimble." Mr.
HutcHinty fpeakhtt of the fane tniflfi
iayt, <*die dimatrir healthy and tent-
perate, the country dcllshtful and well
watered) and the prolpecl is beautiful
and extenfivei variegated by many !n-
«qnalttfet} and fine meadows, fepuated
by innumerable copfes, the trees of
which are of different kinds, but moftly
ofwalnutandoak. The elevated^ open,
and airy fituation of this coantrv, ren-
ders it lefs liable to fevers and agues
(the only diforders ever known in its
neighbourhood) than fonie other parts
bordering on the Miflifippi, where the
want of a fufficient dulcent to convey
tlie waters off, occalions numbers of
ftagn'ant ponds who(e exhalations infe6l
the air." Another traveHer defcribes
the country between the Tombigbee.
and the Coofa ahd Alabama as being
healthy, well watered with many plea-
fant rivulets, affording delightful ntua-
tions for fettlements, and the water
pure and very good.
To give a juft view of the rivers, and
to afcertain the advantages derived fi-om
riiem to this territory, 'it is neceflary to
trace them from their mouths in \he
Gulf of Mexico. The Miflifippi bounds
this territory on the W. The free na-
vigation of this noble river is now enjoy-
ed by the inhabitants of the United
States. It empties, by' feveral mouths
of diiferent depths, from 9 to 16 feet,
into the Gulf of Mexico, in about lat.
29 N. The bars at the mouth of this
river frequently fliift j after paflingthem
into the river, there is from 3 to 10 fa-
thoms of water, as far as the S. W. pafs;
and thence to the Miflburi, a diftance of
1,141 computed miles, is, 15, zo, and
30 fathoms is the genc^l depth.
In afcending the Miflifippi there are
cxtenflve natural meadows, with a prof-
pe£l of the Gulf of Mexico on each (tde,
the diftance of 3 X miles, toa place called
Detour- aux-Plaquemlnes, in W. Flo-
rida. Thence 20 miles to the fettle-
ments, the banks are low and marfliy,
generally overflowed and Corvered with
thick wood^ palmetto bufhcs, &c. appa-
rently impenetrable by man or beaft-.
T'hencf to Oecoui«d«8-^nglois, at the
GEO' * t9i
bend of tht rivvr* ^ ImmI* ^ w
inhabited } as aUb frMi heM^ to Hew-
Orleaits it milcfl, wMdir ditinc^ then
is a Rood road for carrfa^i. Vcftla
pafs from the tnouth of this river to
New Orleans 105 piUet, in 7 or f day«t
commonly { fottietlmet in t or 4.
From Mihv-Ortean*, the cipitai of
Louifiana, there is an eaiy communica-
tion yrith Weft-Florida by Bayonk
Creek, which is a water of lake Ponch*
artrain, naidgable for veflel* drawing
tour feet water, fix miles up from th« "
lake, to a landing plaae two miles from
New Orleans. For nearlv 50 miles, a*
you proceed ap the river, ooth its banka
are fettled and highly cultivated, in pait
by emigrants frOm Germany, who ftir>
nifli the market with indigo of a fup<:>
rior quality, cotton rice, beans, myrtle,
wax, ami lumber. In 1761, fome rich
planters attempted the cultivation of
canes and the making of fugar, and
ereAed mills for the purpofe. This fu-
gar was of an excellent quality, and
lome of the crops were large ) but fome
winters proving fo fevere as to kill the
canes, nodepoidencecanbe placed on
the culture of that article. ^^
The fettlements of the Acadians,
which were begun in the year 1763,
extend on both fides of the river, from
the Germans, to the river Ibbervftie,
which is 99 miles above New-Oi-ieansV
and «7o from Fenfacola, by way of lakes ■
Ponchartr^n and Maurrpas.
At' Point Coupee, 35 miles above the
Ibbei'ville, are fettlements extending to
miles on the W.flde of the river, which
30 years ago, had 2,000 white inhabi-
tants, and 7,000 flaves, who were em-
ployed in the cultivation of tobacco,
indigo, Indian corn, &c. for the New-
Orleans market, which they ftimifhed
alio with |ioultry, and abundance of
fquared timber, naves, &c.
Mr. Hutchins, from his perfonal
knowledge, defcribes the country on
both fides of the Miflifippi, between thtf •
latitudes 30. and 31. bordering oil
Georgia, as follows : .
.«' Although this country might pro-
duce all the valuable articles rnifc^ in
other parts of the globe, fituated in the
fame latitudes, yet the inhabitants prin-
cipally cultivate indigo, ric£, tobacco,
Indian corn, and fome wheat ; and they
raif'e Urge fbcks of black cattle, Iwfes,
mules, hogs, flicep, and poultry. Tli«
iheeji
#
1^ t^Ed'
tm^ «• AU tpi nmkt the JRwMteft
1— Wnii.l» thit wqkU. The black cattle*
«*«i 61 flMmgh for (aK w^ch they
mmmmAim the year roiMMi; are drtv.
m Hnb tbe oonntry to New.OrleaM»
i|4iBr« then U ahmya. a |ood market.
Thia coontty iaMrincipaUv timbered
«<^ all Ibe dittennt kuidt of oiJc» bat
noftly with li«t>«ak» of the largeft and
left qwlity* uncommonly large cyprefi»
black 4*amit» hklMiy> white aih» cher-
lyt Flmn* popiv *>*<■« ^""^ V*V^ ^inc* i
nwe aa found alio a great variety of
Ibruba and medicinal roote. The lands
bordering tlK riven and laket* are scne-
nUy weUwoodedt but m a finilU ditUnce
fpom tbcin arc very extenfive natural
roe ad oer a> or Avannas, of the inoft lux-
«iriant kU, compoftd of a biack mould*
about one and a ^alf feet deep* very
loole and rich* occafioned in part* by
the frequent burning of the lavannas }
below toe black moukl ia a ftiff clay of
different cotoori. It ie faid* thi« clav*
after being expofTeJ ibme time to the
fiu)* becomea A> bard* that it is difli«ilt
eitber to break or boid* but when wet
by a li^^ht fliower of rain, it Slackens in
the fame numner as lime does when «x-
poftd to liiaifture* ind becomes loofe
and> moulders away after which it is
feiuad excellent for vegetatkm/*
After paffing the 31(1 degree of N.
lat. firom W. Florida into Georgia* you
enter what is called the Natebnt Cfiim-
trft bordering on the Miffifippi. Fort
Roiiulie, in this country* is in uU. 31 . 40.
243; miles above Ncw^Orleans.
<f; The fi>il of this country is Aiperior
to any of the lands on the holders of
the river Miffifippi* for the produJEtion of
many articles. Its fituation beiiw high-
er* al&nls a mater variety of foil, and
}a in a more favourable climate for the
growth (tf vdieat* rye* barley, oats, &c.
than the country lower down, and
ncaicr to the fea. The fml alfo pro-
duces in equal abundance* Indian com,
>ioe* hem^ flax* indico*, cotton, pot-
herbs* piufe of every kind* and paftur-
age; and the tobacco made here, is
cfteemed preferable to any cultivated in
«ther parts of America. Hops grow
wild } all kinds of European fruits arrive
to great perfeftion and no part of the
knowA world is more favourable for the
raUing of every kind of ftock. The
r^ng grounds* which are clothed with
ipnft Mid other facrba of the fined ver-
bkd
diire, irir wttt adapted to the fctitti
ture of vhMsi idK mulbairry tl«ea att
very numerous, and the mnteira fuft-
ciently moderate fiair the bited of filk
worms. Chiy of diflbrent cololtrs* fit
for glaA worki and potteiy* is feamd
here in great abiindancc} and alfo a
variety cl ftatdy timber* At fbt houft
and fliip building, &c;"
Another gentMman, well infbnhod,^
&ys, ** The lands on the Miffifippi* ex-
tending eaftward about ao miles* are
hilly* without ftones or fand, extremely
rich* of a deep bbck foil* cover^l thicK
with canes* white and black oak* walnut^,
hickory, a<h, fome fogar maple, beecb«
and dogwood { that tMre are very fe^
ftreams or fprhiffa of watery that the
water is not good, and tafles as if im^
pregnated with fulphur \ that the coun-
try is much infefted with infeAs { that
tKe land is high and bluff three-fourtha
of the diftance along the rivrr Mifllfippir
and a part overflowed and drowned."
But Y' is apprehended that this defcrip^
tion is not perfectly juft , fo far as it ap*'
plies to t e fcarcity and badnefs of the
water) as. a gentleman^ of rerpe6lable
character, ' who reiided 9 months at the
Natchez, fays, "The lands on the Mif*
fifippi are more level, and better water-
ed, than is above reprefented ; and that
the water is good, and the country
healthy and remarkably pleafaut."
This country was once famous for ita
inhabitants, the Natchez Indians { who*
from their great numbers, and the im-
proved ftate of fociety among them,
were confidered as tKe moft civilised
Indians on the continent of America*
Nothing now remains of this nation but
their name* by which their country
continues to be called < The diftriil of
the Natchez, as well as all along the
eaftem bank of the Miflilippi to the riv-
er Ibberville, was fettling very fail by
emigrations from the northern States*
till the capture of the firitiOi troops on
the Miflinppi* 1779* put an entke flop
to it.
*• From fort Hofailie to the Petit
Goufre is %i\ miKs. There is a firm
rock on the eaft fide of the Miffifippi
for near a mile, which fecnw to be of
the nature of lime-ftone. The land near
the rivcT is much broken and very high*
with
- - -■ ^
* Mr. Ifaac Perry, of Burke county*
Georgia.
Iw ttffk
vet ai«
• fuflli.
of iilk
m» fit
favad
mlfoa
r hooTt
of
QEQ
with a Mod (oil, «ni) fevcnl plMtatloM |
op it. From tht Petit Ooufiv to Steney |
t'iftr, it 4i milct. From die niouth to
what it called the fork of thit river, ia
computed to hn ai milet. Ia thit diA
tance there are fereral quarrict of ttona,
and the land hat a clay foil, with gravd
on the fiirface of the growid. On the
north fide of this river, the laod in ge-
neral it low and rich { that on the foutb
fide it much higncr, but broken into
hillt and valet ) but here the low landt
are not often overflowed} both iidet
are (haded with a variety of ufeful tim-
ber. At the fork, the river parts al-
moft at rieht angles, and the lands be-
tween and on each fide of them aix
faid to be clay and marl foil, not fo un-
even at the lands on this river lowpr.
down. From Stpney river to Loufa
Chitto, or Big Black river, is lomiles.
This river, at the mouth, is about 30
yards wide, but within, from 30 to 50
yards, and it faid to be navigable for
canoes 30 or 40 leagues. About a mile
and a hialf up this river, the high lands
are cloie on the right, and are much
broken. A mile and a h?lf further,
the high lands appear again on the
risht, where there are ieveral fprings
ofwater, but none at yet have been dif.
covered on the left. At about 8 milet
fiirther, the high landt are near the riv-
er, on the left, and appear to be the
fame range that comet from the Yazoo
cliffs. At fix miles further, the high
lands are near the river on both fides,
and continue for two or thi^ee miles,
but broken and full of fprings ofwater.
This land on the left was choien by
Gen. Putnam»Capt. Enos, Mr. Lyman,
and other New-England adventurers,
as a proper place for a town j and, by
order of^ the governor and council of
Weft-Florida, in 1773, it was referved
for the capital. The country round is
veiy fit for fettleinents. For four or
five miles above this place, on both
fides of the river, the land is rich, and
net fo mucK drowned, nor fo uneven,
as fome parts lower down. About fix
miles and a half further, there is a ra-
pid water, ftones and gravel bottom, 160
yards in length ; and in one place a
firm rock almoft acrofs the river, and
as much of it bare, when the water is
at a moderate height, as confines the
fiream to nearly ao ftet ; and the chan-
nel it about four feet deep.
GEO If I
Fran tht ioufh Chitto «o.t}M ¥««•
Cliffii, it>4« miiw. From tUt oliff tiM
high laada lie aofth.<««iwMfd«wl ihiMlH
(butlwcaftward, ktaring off froti tht
river, full of cane and ncH follt vnmnm
the very highefl fidget. Juft «« tha S.
end of the clifft« the ba»k it low» when
the water of the Miififippi, when Wgl^
flowt hack and roiu wtwecn tht hSm
and high land, which raiMta war^
northerly and fouth- fouth-cafterly to tilt
Loufa Chitto, occafioning mii«h wet
ground, cypreft fwamp, aad ii^puHtt
pondt. From the CUnii, it fevcn miles
and a half to the ri«" r Yaxoo. The
mouth of thit river i* «pwardt of 109
yardt in width, -and was found by Mr.
Gaiil to be in lat. 3S.37. ^nd by Mr.Fur-
cell in 3«.a8.N. The water of^thc MiSi
fippi, when the river is high, runs up tht
Yazoo feveral miles, and emptiet itfcUF
again by a number of channels, which
dire£i tneir c^rfe acroft the country^
and fall in above the Walnut Hillt. The
Yazoo runt from the N. E. and g^idet
through a healthy, fertile and pleafant
country, greatly refembling that about
the Natchez, particularly in the luxuri*
ancy and diverfity of itt ibil^ vuriety of
timber, temperature of climate, and de*
lightful fituation. It it remarkably wdl
watered by fpringt and brookt ; manjr
of the latter afford convenient feats for
mills. Further up this river tht canet
are lefs frec^uent, ami fmalier in fiie^
and at the diflance of 10 miles there are
fcarcely any. Here the countiy is clear
of under-wood, and well watered, and
the foil very rich, which continues to
the Chaftaw and Chickafaw towns, on
the eaftem and norrh-weftem branches
of Yazoo river. Thefe branches unite
50 miles from the Miflifippi, following
the courfe of the river ; the navigation
to their jutt6lion, commonly called the
Fork, is praAicabie with very large boats
in the fpring feafon, and with fmalier
ones a confiderable way futther, with
the interruption of but one fall, where
they are obliged to make a fhort port*
age, ao miles up the N.W. branch, and
70 miles fit)m the Miflifippi. The coun*
try in which the Cha£Uw and Chicka*
faw towns are fituated, is faid to be at
healthy at any part of the continent,
the nativea fcarcely ever being ficlb
Such of them at frequent the Miififippi,
leave its banks at the fummer approach*
esf left they «mghtp«!takc.«f:taKft vert
« that
t^i O B O
ftM femitMies vifit th* low, fwumpy
hmlibMvlcringwpon that river. Wheat,
it h kU, yicldt better it titc Yntoe than
■I tl* Natchet* owing prohably to Itt
MRM« Wthem fiiaation. One very con<
tfderable advantafre will attend thcftt-
tkraon the river Yafoo, which thofe at
iriie Natchex will be de;;>rived of, with-
0nc going to a creat expenfe { that ii,
the DUltding mth ftone, there being
Ct plenty near the Yasoo, btit none
]ret been diftovered nearer to tlie
Nutchia than the Petit Gouf'rev or Little
Whirlpool, a diftmce of about 31 milei.
Between this place and the Balise, there
ia not a done to be feen any where nrir
the river. Though the quantity of
sood land on the Miififippi and its
branchee, firom the Bay of Mexico to
the river Ohio, a diftance of nearly one
thoufand miles, it vaftly great, and the
conveniences attending it ; fo llkewife
wb may etteem that in the neighbour-
hood of the Natchez, and of the river
Yaaoo, the flovwr of it all.
About a mile and a half up the Vazoo
river, on the N. fide, there it a large
creek, which communicates with the
Miffifippi aliove the river St. Francis,
about 100 leagues higher up, by the
courieof the river. It pafles through
lisveral lakes by the way. At the dif-
tance of is miles from the mouth of the
rivei' Yatoo. on the 8. fide, are the Ya-
aoo hills. There is a cliff of (olid rock
at the landing place, on which are a va-
riety of broken pieces of fea-ftiells, and
ibme entire. Four miles further up, is
the place called the Ball Oroond, near
which a church, fort St. Peter, and a
French fettlement, formerly ftood.
They were dcftroyeil by the Ya-zoo In-
dians in 1 719. That nation is now en-
tirely extinft." [HuUhins.']
From about so miles eaftward of the
Midifippi, to Half way or Pearl river,
the diftance of about <)o miles, (rome
fay lefs) is *• a fine, level co\iiUry, very
fertile, and better watereil than nearer
the Miinfippi. There is fome mixture
of fand with loam, the timber the fame,
with the addition of black-jack, and
poft.oak. This ti*aft is Interfperfedwith
what the French caH Prairies or Sa<x)an-
nas, which are extenfrve intervjals of
1000 and aooo acrcii of excellent land,
of a deep black foil, free of ail timlter
and trees. It is this kind of land which
the Indianaxultivate. Fren> th« Mtfll-
O B O
fijpp! to thti river, there are no Indiana*
To a traA of thif eountryi extending
along the hiifliftppi from the ^ift de-
gree df latltodc to the Yasoo river, at
the 8. end, ]o milei wide, and narrow-
ing as yoii proceed northerly to t!ie
wMth of 15 miles, the Indian title haa
been extingtiifhed. It was at firil pur-
chaled by the Englifh; but they not
having completed the payment for it,
before it fell into the hands of the
Spaniards, they, (the Spaniards) in the
yvar 179s, paid the balance. At Wal-
nut Hills, the Spaniards have a fort,
which, according to treaty is to be
given up (if not already done) to the
nited States. To the country N. of
the Yazoo, the Indian title is not yet
extinguifhni. About one half of the
Ibuthera part, a diftance of about 50
miles up the Yazoo, is owned by the
Chaftaws, the northern half by the
Chickafaws." The gentleman who
gives the tibove information, and who
was in this country in the year 179*1 .
fays, ** that the Yazoo is about 90 yardat
wide{ is boatablo 100 miles ) that he
eroded the country by different routes,
3 or 4. times- from the Miflifippi to the
Tomhigbee ) pafTed over the Yazoo fe-^
veral times ; went up and down the river
on the fhore, and fays that the landi*
to the E. of the Yazoo (the dillance
of about I do miles) are very excel-
lent."
Pearl river Is about 40 yards wide j a
branch of it painng E. of the Natchez and
neareft, in Coxe*s map, bears the name
of Buffaloe river. On the E. fide of
Pearl river, commence the ChaAaw fet-
ttcments, and extend thick to the Chick-
afaw Hay river; thence, about 40 miles
eaftward, the fettlement s are fparfe, and
extend near to the Tombigbee. This
is a numerous nation, containing about
jooo hunters, a peaceable and friendly
people. The country inhabited b/
thefe Indians is noted in Coxe's map, to
be " poor and barren land, covered ge-
nerally with long-leafed pine."' Other
accounts reprelent it as much the fame
as that between the Mifliifippi and
Pearl rivers, with the addition of fome
pine land, and better wattred. The
ftreams on which the Chaflaws are fet-
tled, as laid down on Coxc*s map, are,
proceeding from W. to E. the Homa-
chitta, (called byPurcell Hottaphatcha)
Cha£law, and Souhawtee, which unite,
and
OBO
inA tht wla Annm fonlM iht mom
of UoMeblttt ttt it cmpdM into the
Oulfomimko. TMtitpralMliljrtht
iiiiM r^Nr tlMt Ha^iMcill»Fdllag«u>
la I whteh A*. Tht iMd bluMlw* of
thii rifvr t^ftnd csMafivtly tliroagb
the nortbcni ftart «f this Icfrltoiyt
cbieily «vcftward of tht Chafttwnatidn.
White, or Bluff river, on Cose'i map,
appears to rift in about lat. 33. N. talus
a couKe to the E. of the Cluiaa«rs> and
empties into the Tontbi||beet ftmc dif-
tince bdow the liead oT the tide water,
and is laid down as about the fiae of
Pearl rirer.
Prom the compaA fcttlements of the
ChaAawa Mftward to the wtllem
branches of the Tombigbec, the land is
tolerably |;oodi the timber generally
oak and pinet with Tome hickory, well
watered and level. Of this kind is the
country a diAance of about 40 miles W.
of the weftem branches of the Tombig-
hee { thence to the Tombigbec, the land
it more uneven, interfperftd with larve
ikvannas, and the whole generally
good land, and pretty well watered)
the water, however, has a limytafte.
The natural erowth much the fame as
on the Miflil^pi. The intervale, or as
they call it in this country, the bottom
tamls, are generally about a mile wide
on the river, extremely rich, and thick-
ly overgrown with canes. This gene-
ral defcription will apply to the whole
traft belonging to the ** Georgia Mifli-
fippi Company." Mr. Coxe, on his
map, remarks that, *< On the Tombig-
bee and Alabama rivers there are bodies
of fine rich land, but lowdown, towards
Mobile bay, unhealthy."
We have now arrived eaftward to the
Mobile, the principal river in this terri-
tory. *' On the bar at the entrance of
the bay of Mobile, there is only about
15 or 16 feet water; two-thirds of the
way through the bay, towards the town
of Mobile, there is from two to three
fathoms ; and the deepeft wa(er to be
depended on in the upper part cf the bay
19 only 10 or is feet, and in many
places not fo much. Large vefTels can-
not go within feveri miles of the town."
[HutchinsJl «« This hay is about 30
miles long, and from 10 to is widek
T!"^ tide flows 60 or 70 miles above this
bay, and is fo far navigable for fea veffels.
Thence 150 or soo miles north, is good
boat navigation, fmooth water, geit«>
O S O 1^1
rally tto to t|» yivda «idik and tjgh'
to 10 fast daapb" (If. S, WmUHMm
Mt, P«Hy.\ «• Tha bay of NftMto
tcffflinatas allttlt to tht Bgrtb>«afKi(irA
of tha town, in • numbar of warftaa
uA lagoons I which fbUaft tha paopk
tw .Vvars and stiMh, Ui nw hot mSm,*
Tht river Mobile, as yon afttad It, dl-
vidts into two principal branehtt, ahout
40 miles abovt tht town) ont of which,
callad tht Tanftw, fclla into tht talk
part of tht bay } tht othtr tmptits itftlf
cloft by tht town, #hert it has a btf of
7 ftct I but thart is a branch a littla to
the taftward of this, ca! jpanifh rlvti^
where there is a channti oi 9 or 10 f«ct»
when the water is high 1 but this jofam
Mobilt river about » Itagusa abo^ tho
town. Two or three leagues aboyv tho
Tanfaw branch, the Alabama rivtr ftllli
into Mobilt river, after running fhmi
the north>eaf^ a eourft of about 130
miles) that is, from Alabama fort, ft*
tuatcdatthe conincnce of the Coefli*
and Tslipoofte, both very conitdtrablo
rivers) on whkh ind their branchta
are the chief fettlcments of the Upptr
Creek Indians. The Prench fiart at
Alabama was evacuated f763» andhaa
not fince been sarrifbntd. Above the
confluence of Alabama and Mobilt» dio
latter is called the Torabigbee rivets
from the fort of Tombigbec, fituatad on
the weft fide of it, aMut 96 league*
above the town of Mobile. Tbe fburc*
of this river is reckoned to be about 40
leagues hif*«er up» in the country of tho
Chickaliiw.. The fort of TomMgbto
was taken pofleflion of by the En^Uh*
but abandoned again in 1767^ by oixl«r
of the commandant of Penfacola. The
river is navigable for floops and fchoon*
er« about 35 leaguH above the town of
Mobile. The banks, where low, are
partly overflowed in the rainy fealbns^
which adds greatly to the foil, and
adapts it mrticiilarly to the cultivation ■
of nee. The fides of the river are co-
vered in many places with large canest
fo thick that thev are almoft impenetra-
ble ; there is alk> plenty of remarkable
large red and white cedar, cyprefs, elm*
afli, hickoi'y, and Various kinds of oak.
Several ptople have fettled on this t\tr.
* Mr. Coxe, in hit map, extendi Mobile
Bay fone diftancc north ot' the 31 ft degree
of lititUdCk Other accounts fay this hsf'
does not extsoA iote the Stats of Oeenta. '
N who
p t w ii>» « Tin lind* new ik» meudi
•f Um Mabilt river km nmraUy low i
My** prMMdufvardna tw luA grows
^■b«r« •«< aMqr wkS propriety m di-
vMii imp tiMW iagcs. FirA* kiwric*
hwdti «n or immt Ihe banlu of the river*
of a moft cxcflUMi quiJity. Secondly*
whot art calbii liy the pcoplr of too
cettnt«y» f«r4iil low InWIh or levtl flat
<M)e lMid«» a^out 4, or 5 feet higher
Itoi tb« low rict ianJa. Ai\^ thirdly,
llw high tipland or open country. Toe
irftt or Ww lMil(» extend ibout an half
ov thrM^qoartere of a mile from tht riv-
5|ff» .and may almoft evory when be
iiAlgjr drained aad turned into moft ea*
««llaat rice 6eld«» and are capable of
hiripflilaid uader w«ter at almoft all l«a-
fima of the year. They are a doep
Maek mud 011 fliose, which have in a (iic-
ce^on of time been accumulated* or
£w°racd by the overiowing of the river.
The I'econd low groupda being* in ge-
neral* formed by a regular rifing of
about 4 or 5 feet higher than the low
laoda* apiKac to have been originally
Ae edge of the*river. The fecond claU
or kind of land in in general extremely
rich, and covered' with large timber smd
thkU ftrong caaea* extending in width
VpQ9 an average thrce^auartera of a
■ule(,and in general a perfe£l level. It
if, qwcilent tor all kinda of grain* and
wfU calculated for the culture of indigo,
h^fj flax* or tobacco. At the extre>
auty of tlteie fixond grouoda, you come
10 what ia called, the hi|j;h or uplande*
iprhich ia covemd with pine* oak, and
hitkor]^ and othor kinds of large tim-
her. The foil ia of a good ^ality*
bHt much inferior to the fecond or low
land* Itanfwera well for raifing Indian
r in* potatoes* and every thing elfe that
^ .i^ta in a dry foil. Furthct' out in
{like coimtry again, on the weft fide of
abii rivff* you eome to a pine barren,
with eaitenfivc reed fwamps and natural
ijaeadows 07 iavannaa, which afioixl ex>
ceUcnt rahgea for innumerable herda of
cattle. On the eaft of the, river Mobile,
towarda the river Alabama, is one en-
tire extended rich cane country, not in-
fjpprior* pnhape, to any in America.
Whenever poirtacea are made between
the Mobile and TenaeflSie river, or their
branches* which are proj^ably byt a few
miles apart, the Mobile wiL be the firft
river f(>r coauiiercc O^.'^fii&Bf^i ex-
010
CMltd>btMaf«rtor*««irk', Mil
aiUdi tht ihomft uWI mft din4^
miwiicaiiett 10 tkt Ai.** (MNrAfM.]
U addltios to* miA cooiriMiioii of*
the abota aaoouai of Capu Hutehiai*
(everal other gaiMknwi of iittelligcnco
wIm have been in tbia country, lay that
** Mm Tombigbec io navigaUu ior lea
veAla 60 mUee into the State of Geor-
gia |«" others* that <• it is navipkle in
boats of so torn up to tht juaAkm of
to and ao Milt Creek, The Alabama
and Cooiii art navigable for boau of 4*
tons* as high as the bi|| Omk of Coofii
river. The principal nvers which me-
ander through this traA of country*
are Seprey's and Cant Brakt rivers*
both which fall into the Tombigbec*
and are navigable for boats as high as
tlie 33d degree of latitude} and the
Cawhawbon river, which falls into Ala-
bama riVvr* bekiw the junAion of Coo-
(h and Oakfulkee, are boatable aa far N.
as the rivers laft mentioned. The ibii
on the I. fide of Tombigbec* is of a\v
reddiih caft, producing naturally oak*i*
hickory* and abundance of very high
grafs. The country appears well cal-
: culatad for the culture of wheat* corn*
rye* oats, and barley. The bottoms or
\ intervalfs on the rivers are not fubjeA
to inundations* and are exceedingly
rich. The country is well watered
with good wholelome water. Further
north* the country becomes uneven and
fomewhat hilly, that part uarticubrly
which divides the waters ot Tombig-
bec from Teniieflce river, but as you
defcend to a lower latitude* the country
ia more level} and down about tht
mouth of Cane ^rake river, and thenct
acrofs to the Alabama* is alinuft one e^i-
tire cane brake."
** The ridge which divides the Tom-
bigbec and Alabama rivers is ftony*, '
and the foil inferior to that on the riv-
ers i of this defcription alfo i< tnc coun-
try lying between the Cawhawbon and
Alabama rivers } but the bott9m lands
on the water courfes are exceedingly
rich. The country is pleafaut and
healthy, being generally overgrown
with high grafs, well calculnted for
farming, particularly for raifing cattle.>
There are many extcnfive and rich bot-
toms
* Col. Hatamond* latt Surveyer Osaeral
of Georgia.
GEO
t«M of Mat had «• lU AkbMMt
Tht rim whMi Ml« iaiotiM TiaMt-
DM Mat AOOVf Scpfljf*! nfttt BM aNMa
rick laid m in hn&h wd >• boiMbk
iMM dUbaet bi dnaU boaitt aad QiffMit
into muy branclMh tlVM|h • plMflM|t»
hciUhy, and wtU wttcnd country.**
iCuu't M. S. ItiurA A* you td-
vmce etftward of tht Ahbwm, in tlM
tcrritoiy wt m dcfcribjag, you cam*
firft to the ErcimlMa ri«r» aiid dun ro
tin Ch«a« Httclia, or Pw river, whicli
C«pt. Hutthins thus dercribet— '* Tlic
nver Ercimbia is the nnoft cunAdenbli
that M\% into the bay of Penl'acoU.
See g/cambim River. The Ch«tta
Hatcha or Pea river, which alfo headi
in the Georgia Weftem Territory,
empties from the N. E. into Rofe Bay,
which is 90 mtiet long aiki from 4 to 6
broad. The bar at the entrance into
the bay ha» only 7 or 8 feet water, at
(ieepeft | but, after ci-ofBng the bar, h?«
16 or 17 feet. The mouths of the rir-
er (for alnnoft all the fouthem rivers
have ieveral mouths^ are To fltoal, that
only a fnttil boat or canoe can pafs
them. Mr. Hutchins afcended this
river about 75 miles, and found that its
banks very much refembled thofeof Ef-
canibia. Further eaft are the Appala-
chicola, Flint, and Alabaha rivers, which
are defcribed under their refpeAive
headsk
The northern parts of this Teri-itory
are watered bv the great bend of the
Tenneflee, and its tributary ftrn^s.
This noble river bends fouthward as far
as latitude 34. 15. according to Capt.
Hutchins* map, and divides, mto nearly
equal parts, the uurchafe of the Tetmtf-
jte Company. North of the Tenne0ee,
in this purch<«le, there is not an Indian
inhabitant. From the fouth, the Ten-
nelTep, in its couife through Georgia,
receives, befides fmaiier ftreams, the
Hiwaflee, Chiccamauga, andOccochap-
po or Bear Creek, which are defcribed
under their rel'pe£tive heads. Travel-
lets fpeak of the lands on the bend of
the Tf nneflee, in terms of the higheft
commendation.
Of the territory defcribed above, the
State of Georgia, by aft of their legifla-
turr, paffed Jan. 7, 1705, fold about
IX millions of acres to four different
companies, whofe names and the limits
of their refpeftive purchafes, as defined
by the aa, follow.
G B O i|r
t. «• Ad «Httnft«r pirail^lMld ii.
whcrt thcht. SI . N. of tkii •quator iJN|r>
Mb tito faat, nnaUaig tUaib' «* thi
(Ud bay to tiw meakh oTthi lik»TMH
fhw|< theaM up tka <Ud lakt Ttiidnry'
to Ike AUbiBNtriw, liMladttif CuAaya*
•ad all other Iflanda tbCNini tkmnr up
the lUd river Akbuaa, to tk* Jaaftioo
of tkc Coofk tad OdkfdOMs fivrnp*
theac« ua the Cooih ilVcr, ahov« tb«
Bi| Shodi, to wheia it iatarftfta tka
latitude of 34. N. of the tquator) tkanci'
a due W. crarfk to the MiiB Appi river |
thence down the middle of tht fhid riv-
er, to the laKtnde of 3a. 40 {■ thrnct a'
due E. courfii to tHi Dan or Tdnbitbeil
river I theilce dowa the middle of thaf
raid river to its junaioa with tka Ala-
bama river) thence dowa tht middk
of the (hid river to Mobile bayi theaca
ddwn th« faid Mobile bay, to the phct
of befiniiing, (ball be (bid unto Janiea
Gunn, Matthew M'AUifker, and Oeorga
Walker, and their adbetatcs, gulled
*tht QntfAm CamfM^'*
t, ** All that traft of eoontiy, indod-
ing ifUnds, within the fellowiii|p bbna^
daries, vir. brgiaaing on the river Mif-
fifippi, at 3 1 . 1 8. N.Utt. thence a due E.
courfe to the middle of Dhn or Torn-
bigbee river ) thence up tlie middle of
the faid river to N. lat. 3a. 40) thenca
a due W. courfe alonr the Georgia
Compaiiy line, to the rivdr MifTtfippi f
thence down tht middle df^ the (artfe, td
the pliice of beginning, (hidl be foM to
Nicholas Long, Thonaa GhUlbock*,
Ambrofe Gordon, and Tkamas Cofn-
mings, and their a£B)ciat(a, called Tii
Onrgia Migj/ipfi CtmptHifr
3. *< All that traft of cfoontr^, faiclad-
ing iflands, within the followina boon-
daries, viz. beginning at the Miflifipiil
river, where the northern boundarv J:na
of the State firikes the famej thence
along the faid northern boundary line,
due £. to the Tennsflee river { dience
along the faid Tenneflfee river, to the
mouth of Bear Creek ; thence up Bear
Creek, to where the parallel of latitude
25 Britifli ftatute miles S. of the north-
em boundary Ime of the State interfeAa
the fame; thence along the laft men<
tioned parallel of latitude, acrofs Tom-
bigbee or Twenty Mile Crec .:, due Vf .
to the Miflifippi river ) thence up the
middle of the faid river, to the begin •
ning, (kail bs fold to John B. Scott,
N a Jokn
i^ GEO
John C. N%btingak» and Wade Hamp-
t(M» calkd 'Tbt Vfptr Mifflfifpi Cm-
fmjf.
4- " All that traft of \w^^ including
ifliuidt,«Kthin the following boundaries,
«c. beginning at the mouth of Bear
Creek, on the S. fide of Tenneflee river }
thence up the faid creek to the moft
tbuthem iburce thereof; thence due S
tplat. 34.. iQ.N.thencedoeE. iso miles }
' thence a due N. courfe to the Great
Tenneflise river; thence up the middle
of the faid river ' ^ the northern boun-
dary line of the State ; thence a due W.
courfe along the faid line to where it
iflterfeAs tiie Great Tenneflee river, be-
low the Mufcle Shoals; thence up the
fitid river to the place of beginning,
fltall be fold tc Zachdriah Cox, Mathias '
Maher, and their aflbciates, called 'The
Ttmuffee Cvmpaitf."
The .ame law ena6ts alfo, ** that all
lands lying weftward and fouthward of
the eaftem boundary of the feveral
Companies* purchafes, and not included
therem, cftimated at one-fourth of the
whole lands lying weftward and fouth-
ward of the eaftem boundary of the
iaid purchafes, and fuppofed to contain
7,« 50,000 acres, (hall be, and the fame
is hereby declared to be referved and fet
apart to, and for the ufe and benefit of
this State, to be granted out, or other-
wife difpoled of, Hs future legiftatures
may direft." XAS of Georgia Legijla-
ture^Jtm. Jib, »79S.]
The piirchafe-money, amounting to
500,000 dollars, was duly paid by the
refpeftive Cotnpanies, into the State
tfcafury of Georgia, agreeably to the
terms of the aA. This land was foon
after ibid by the original Companies,
to various eentlemeii, principally in the
Middle and Eaftern States. The Tale
of this territory excited a warm and vi-
olent oppofition in Georgia. The a£l
authorifiog this (ale, was by certain
leading men in the State, declared to be
** an ufurped afl,— repugnant to the
principles of the Federul Conftitution,
and of the Conftitution of Georgia—- op-
pofed to the good of the State, and ob-
tained by fraud, atrocious fpcculation,
corruption and cullufion." In confc-
quence of thefe repre)i;ntatIons, a deter-
mination was formed b a powerful par-
ty, to ftt afide r^ncl annul at the fucceed-
ixig CttRon of tlu legiflature, (his ofFen-
Qve, " ttfurped a&/' Efforts were ac-
GEO
coidinglfmade, and withfuMeftjtodbk
tain » legiflAture fuitcd to the accom^
plidiment of their de6gns.' Accordingly,
on tht 13th of Feb. 1796, an aft was
pafTed declaring the above-mentiolied
* • ufurped aft" null and void t and all the
grants, rights and claims arifmg there>
from, of no validity or eiFeft ; and that
the faid territory was the fble property
of the State." To complete the utter an> '
nihilation of this'odioiis aft, as for as pof.^
fible, the legiflature ordered, that, in their
prafence, and that of the public oflicert'
of the State, the feveral records, docu- -
ments and deeds, in the feveral public [
oiRces, fhould be *' expunged from th^'
faces and indexes of the books of record
of the State} and the enrolled law, or
ufurped aft, publicly burnt." All this
was accompliflied/ three days after the
paflling of tlie aft. Thefe onprecedent- '
ed proceedings, were attended and fol-'
lowed with moft difagreeable and tu>^
multuary effefts. The m-iginal pur<^
chafers of thefe lands, the then holder8»;\
and all thofe who had been intermedi-^*
ately concerned, who had by this time
become a nnmerous and refpeftable
body, fcattered through the United
States, were, for the moment, thrown
into an unpleafant dilemma, and for a
time this bufinefs was the general topic
of converfation. The title to the lands
purchafed by the above named compa-
nies, has been ftill further embarrafl*ed
by a claim brought forward in behalf of
the United States. As it may be mat-
ter of curiofity to the reader, and per-
haps of intereft, to examine into the ti-
tle of the feveral companies to their re-
fpective purchafes, under exifting cir-
cumftances, a fummary ftatement of the
claims, and of the fafts and arguments
in their fupport, (though foreign to the
expreCs defign of this work) is printed
at the end, to which the reader is re-
ferred. **•
Georgia, a townfliip in Franklin
CO. Vermont, contains 34.0 inhabitants.
It is fituated on Lake Champlain, op-
pofite to the N. end of South Hero liland,
and joins Milton on the S. and St. Al-
ban's on the north. I.a Moille river
crolTes the extremity ot tl»e S. E. cor-
ner of this townfliip.
G BORGIA, S^'itherti, a clufter of bar-
ren iflands, in . ? South Sea, and E. of
the coaft of lem del Fuego; about
lat. 54.. 35. S. and long. 36. 30, W-
Ont
/•
GBR
h betwech 50
and 60
bar-
!.of
(bout
W.
Oni
Oht of tknh
leagMM in length
GeoRC1ana» the name originally gi-
iren in the chatter, to 1 traA of country
.in the province ot'Mzinc.'
, GERARDSTOWNy a neat little town,
fituated in Berkely co. Virginia, con-
-caining about 30 or 40 houfes; 10 miles
Irom Martiuiburg» and «54. from Phila-
-delphia.
German, a townfltip in Fayette co.
Pennfylvania.
German Flats, the chief townfliip
of Hei'lcemer co. taken from that ot
Montgomery, in New- York, By the
ccnl'us of 1790, .it contained ' 1 307 in-
habitants, including ao flaves ; by the
State cenfus of 1796, 4194. inhabitants,
of whom 684 are ele£lors« Tt lies on
the fouth Hde of Mohawk rirer, oppo-
iite Herkemer. It is 44 miles £. of
Whiteftewn, and 60 miles weft of Sche-
iie£lady.
Germantown, (N. Y.) in Colum-
bia CO. containing 5i4> inhabitants. In
1796, it had 75 qualified voters.
Germantowm, in Philadelphia co.
Pennfylvania, is fituated 7 miles north
■of Philadelphia city, and was efteemed
the fecond town in the country, until
feveral inland towns ^lipfed it, by iiipe-
rior eftabiiihments and number of inha-
bitants. It ts a corporation, conlifting
chiefly of High and Low Dutch, and
contains about 250 houfes, chiefly of
Hone, lume of which are laree, elegant
and commodious ; built chiefly on ou'i
fti-eet, about two miles in length. The
public buildings are a Gennan Calvi-
nift and Lutheran church, a Friend's
meeting- houfe, and an academy. Knit
ftockingii, of cotton, thread and worft-
«d, are manufa£tured here by individu-
als to a conliderable extent, and of an
excellent quality. It is an ancient town,
pleafantly fituated, and by its vicinity
to the metropolis, well adapted for ma-
nufa£iu<es. Here is the principal con-
gregation of the Mennonifts, and the
mother of that feSk. in America. They
derive their name from Menno Simon,
a learned man of Witmars, in Geitnany,
one of the reformers, bom in 1505.
Some or his followers came into Penn-
fylvania, from New- York, in 1691.
There are about 4000 of them in the
State. They do not, like the Tunkers,
believe in general falvation; yet, like
them, they will neither fwear nor fight,
G i t t9r
nor bear any cMl oflice, nor go to law;
nor take intereft for money, tnough
many break that rule. THeyufe 'great
plainnefs in their drefs, &c. and ,pn.C;
tife many of the rites of the )M-iinittve
Chriftian church. Thi« town is alfb
rendered famous, by thehattkibught in
it, on the 4th of Oft. 1 777. ''\!.
Germantown, a polMown and tb^
capital of Stokes co. N. Carolina. It it
fituated near thi Town Fork of Dan
river, and contains a court-houfe, gaol,
and about 30 houfes. It is 518 miles
S.W. by 8. of Philadelphia.
Germantown, the chief town of
Hyde co. in Newberii diftrift, N. Caro-
lina.
Germany, a townfliip in York co.
Pennfylvania.
Gerrish I^and, a fmall ifle hear
Cnpe Neddock, clofe to the main land of
the Diftrift of Maine.
Gerry, a townfliip in Worcefter co,
Maflachufetts. It was incorporated in
1786, and contains 14,000 acres of land,
on which are 740 inl\abitant8. It is 30
miles N. W. of Worcefter,- and 65 N.
W.hy W. o/Bofton.
Gettysbvrgh, a fmall town in
York CO. Pennfytvaria, fituated at the
head of Rock Creek, one of the head
w^trsofthe Monococy, and contains
about 10 houi'es. It is 9 miles north of
the Maryland line, 8 miles from Mil-
ierftown, 1 5 from Abbotftown, 36 from
Williamfport in Maryland, and i it W.
by S. of Philadelphia.
GiBBAWAYS an Indian tribe refiding
in Upper Canada, on the E. fide of De-
troit river, oppofite to Fort Gibralter.
Gibralter, an ancient town in the
province of Venezuela, in Tena Firma.
It is fituated on the fouth-eaftem fide of
Maracaibo Lake. The country in its
vicinity is well watered with rivers, and
bt— 8 the beft quality f v-acao, and very
large cedars. The belt SpaniOi tobacco
is made here, called Tabago de Mara-
caibo, from which the valuable fnuff is
made, vulgarly called Mackaha fnuff.
The air, however, is fo unhealthy^ that
very few but labourers live in the town;
the wealthier fort reforting toMertdt
or Maracaibo.
Gill, a new townfliip in Hampfliire
CO. Maflachufetts, on the weft bank of
Connefticut river, a littl^ below the
mouth of Miller's river, en the oppofite
fide, and named after his Honour, Mo-
N3 ft*
1^ .0!L A
f^ Gt^tXinite^aiit-GovcniQrofMafla-
GiLLORi, an iflapd on the coaft of
Wc^.FMda, i^ divided from Dauphin
lllapd bv a f|am>w channel, throujdi
larhkh ajKMlt maypars with f(»ne diffi-
fi^Uy; fund between Gillori and the
main laivd, on the weft fide of Mobile
Bay, there is a chain of fmall iflands,
fnd oyftcr fliellt, through which is a
juUfage of 4 feet, called Pafl*e an Heron.
GiLMANTOWN,atown(hip inStraf-
Said eg. New- HainpOiire, fouth-wefter-
ly cf Lake Winnipifeogee, and $i miles
jN. W. of Portfmouth. It was incorpo-
rated in 17*7, and contained 775 inha-
bitants in 1775; and in 1790, S613.
GiLSON, a tQwnfltip in Chefliire co.
New-Hampfhire, containing 298 inha-
bitiants. It is fituated on the E. fide of
AjOiuelot river, and joins Keene on the
ibiith.
GiNGBR JJLaui, one of the fmaller
Virgin.ifles, fituated between the Round
Kock on the north, and Cooper's Ide
on the fouth, between which is the
King's Channel. N^Iat, :$. 5. W. long.
«»• i53-
GlRTY*s Timnf, an Indian village in
•theN. W. Territory, near the head of
the navigable water or landing on St.
^ary's river, where the Indians ceded
at the treaty of Greenville, a tra£l of 2
miles fquare to the United States.
Glaob Road, at Bonnets' Tavern,
4 mile^ from Bedford, on the road from
Philadelphia tq Pittfburg Forks { the
fo^thernmoft is called the Glade Road ;
the northemn^oft the Old, or Forbe's
Road, and^es by Ligonier. Thefe
roads uni>e »S miles from Pitt(burg.
In the Glades, a traA of country at the
ftitrance of the Alleghany Mountains,
titey cannot raife com, as the earth is
fubje6led to froft from Sept. to June.
GtADY Creek, a fmall ftream which
^ows through the eaft bank of Little
Mianii riytr in the N.W. Territory.
G1.AIZE, Au, a S. S. W. branch of
the Miami of the Lake, which inter-
locks with St. Mary's river. By the
treaty at Greenyiile, the Indians have
ceded to the United States a tiaft of
land 6 miles fijuare, at the head of its
navigable waters, and 6 miles fquare at
its confluence with the Miami, where
Fort ptiiaiice now (lands.
Glasgow, a new county in New-
bet<i diftriOy ti, Carolli»« taken from
GLO
Dobba' CO. It is bounded N. by Bd|.
comb, S, by Lenoir, .E. by Pitt, and
W. by \^ayne.
Olastohbvry, a townOitp in Be»*
nington co. Vermont, having atHy 34
inhabitants. Ithas.godd intcsrale lands,
and lies N. E. of Bennington, adjoining.
Glastonbury, a handfome little
town in Harttbrd co. Connedicut, fitu-
ated on the eaft fide of Conne£Vicut
river, Dp]K>fite to WeathersfieU, and of
which it formed a part until 1690. In
thetownfhipare t meeting-houA s| and
on RoaringBrook and other fmall ftreama
are 1 7miUs of different kinds and i forge.
Gloucester H0f(/>, belonging to the
Hudfon's Bay Company, is fituated in
New South Wales, on the N. fide of the
waters which form a communication
through a chain of fmall lakes, between
Winnipeg Lake and Albany river.
Henley HJaufe lies N. E. of this, nearer
the mouth of Albany river, in James'
Bay. N. lat. 54. W. long. 87. 30.
Gloucester, or Cape Atm, mown^^
fliip in Effex co. MafTachufetts, whofe
eaft point forms the north fide of the
Bay of N^afTachufetts. It contains 5317
inhabitants, and is divided into 5 pa-
rilhes, and has befides a fociety of Uni-
yerfalifts. This is a poft-town and port
of entry. The harbour is very open and
acceflible to large fhips ; - and is one of
the mpft confiderable fifting towns in
the Commonwealth^ At the harbour,
properly fo called, are fitted out annu-
ally from 60 to 7qt bankers ; and from
Squam and Sandy Bay, two fmall out-
ports, the bay fifhery i« carried on with
great fpirit, and to a large amount. The
exports for one year, epding Sept. 30,
1 794, amounted in value to 129,61 3 dol-
lars. Thatcher's Iflanil, on which are
two lights of equal height, lie^ clr^e to
the S. E. fide of the townfhip, which is
itfelf joined to the continent By a beacH
of fand which is very rarely oyei^owed
by the water. There is a very fine white,
fand here fit for making glafs. The har-
bour is defended by a battery and cita-
del erefled in 1795. It is 16 miles N.
£. by E. of Salem, and 34 N. £. of
Bodon.
Gloucester, the north-weften^-
moft townfhip, and the largeft, in Pro-
vidence CO. Rhode- Ifland, having Con-
ne£licut on the weft, and Maf&cnufctt^
on the npr^h ) and contains 4015 inhabi-
tants. •'
Gloucester
GLO
Glovc rsTBR CMw/f . in NeW' Jerfty,
Is bounrted N. by BurUngton co. S. by
Salem, Cumberland, and Cape May
counties, E. by the Atlantic Ocean,
and W. by Delaware river. Its length
en the Delaware is about 30 miles, and
on the Tea the line is ablout t% miles.
Great and Littlv Egg harbour rivers are
both navigable for veflels of too tons
about 20 miles from their mouths. See
Egg Harbour. The ftreams which fall
into Delaware river are navigable for
fmall vefTcIs, a few miles up m>m their
mouths, and afford fome fliad, rock,
herrings, and perch. The adjacent
iflands are Red Bank, Pett, and Old
Man's Creek Iflands. The firft of
which is famous in the hiftory of the
American war, for the defperate de-
fence the garrifon upon it made, to pre-
vent the Britilh fleet from pafling up tb
Philadelphia. The foil ot this coimty
is a mixture of fand and loam, and the
traA bordering on the Delaware is in a
high ftate of cultivation. The chief
produAions are beef, pork, fifti, hay,
com, lumber, butter, checfe. See. It is
. divided into 10 townihips, viz. Wood-
bury, Waterford, Newtown, Gloucef-
ter Townftiip, Gloucefter Town, Debt-
ford, Greenwich, Wodwich, Ege Har-
bour, and Galloway. The firft 8 lie
alone the Delaware, and the other two
on tne ocean. Mulicus river divide*
this county from Burlington, and is na-
vigable to miles for veflels of 60 tons.
Maurice river rifes here, nms foutheriy
about 40 miles through Cumberland co.
into Delaware Bay, is navigable forvef-
fcls of xeo tons 1 5 miles, and for flial-
lops 10 miles farther. It confnms 1 3ti 7t
free inhabitants, and 191 fiavcs. There
are found in this county quantities of
bog iron ore, which is mamifa6tureil !n-
t0 pig and bar iron, and hollow ware.
Here is aifo a glafs- houfe. Chief towm,
Woodbury, 9 miles S. of Philadelphia.
Gloucester, a fmall town in the
above county, on the E. fide of Dela-
ware river, 3 miles below Philadelphia.
It was formerly the county town, but has
now fcarceiy the appearance of a village.
Gloucester, apoft town in Vir-
ginia, fituated in the cotmty of its own
name, on a point of land on the N. fide
«f York river, partly oppofite York-
Town, 17 miles diftant.
Gloucbster Co«»fy, in Virginia, is
fertile and well cultivated, bounded JN.
G O A t99
by Piankitank river, which fcporates it
from Middlefex, eait by Matthews co>
and Chefapeak Bav, N. W. by King
and Queen, S. and S. W, by York river,
which divides it from York co. It it
about 35 miles in length, and 30 in
breadth,, and contains 13,498 inhabi-
tants, including 7063 flaves. The low
hnds here produce excellent barley, and
Indian com, the ftaple produce of th«
county. Tobacco is little attended to.
Gloucester Houfe, in the territory
of the Hndfon's Bay Company, is on th«
N. fide of Mufqufacobafton Lake, tto
miles weft of Ofnaburgh houle. N. lat*
51. 24. W. long. 86. 59.
Glover, a townfliip in Vermont, in
Orleans co. N. E. ot Craftfoorough,
adjoining.
Glynn County, in the Lower diftri£l
of Georgia, bounded eaft by the ocefcn,
north by Alatamaha ctver, which fepai
rates it from Liberty co. and fouth bv
Camden co. It contains 413 inhalM-
tants, including ti 5 flaves. Chief tbw<^
Brunfwick. ~ ^ ■
Gnadb NHVKTTEN, or Gnadtnbuttem't
a fettlement of the Moravians, or United
Brethren, on Mnflcingtim river, oppofite
to Salem, in the lands which belong to
the Mahikan Indians. In 1746 it wat
a pleafant town inhabited by Chriftian
Indians, where were a chapel, mifliona*
ry's houfe, and many Iixlian houfcs.
This together with Schoenbrun and Sa«
km were referveil by Congrefs, by an
ordinance. May to, 1785, for the Cnrifo
tian Indian) formerly fettled there } Sept.
31, 1788, it was refolved that the pla(
of each town fliould make up 4,000 acres
and the grant was made to the United
Brethren for propagating the gofpel
among the heathen.— Alfo the name of
a Moravian fettlement on the 8. W.
bank' of Lehigh river, in Pennfylvania,
about »9 miles N. W. of Bethlehem.
Gnadknhuetten, New, a Mora-
vian fettlement on Huron river, which
inns fouth eatteny into Lake St. Clair,
in the N. W. territory. It is about tt
miles from Lake St. Clair, and 28 N.
W. .f Detroit.
Goat IJland, in the State of Rhode-
Ifland, a fmall iflot, oppofite to the town
of Newport, and on which is Fort
Waftington. The fort has been lately
repaired, and a citadel erected in it.
The fort has been ceded to the United
States.
N 4 Goavb
- !
I
aoo G O N
GoAVf Lb Pbtit, one of the weft
larifdiAioM of the French put of St.
Oofningo. It contain* five parifliee, it
the unhealthieft part of the colony, the
inhabitant* he^ns fvbje£^ to conftant fe.
vera, occafioned. by the ba^ncf* of the
^waters* Its dependencies, however, are
heialthy, and remarkable for the culture
«f come* Export* fronn Jan. i, 1789,
toOec. 1 1, of the lame year; a7,09olbs
wlutefugar7-655,iS7 brown— 807,865
lbs coflfee— 501OS3IIM cotton— and »io
lbs indigo. The town of the fame name
is fitqated oil the narroweft part of the
foutb-weftem pcqiQfulai on the north
fide of the neck.
Goej.an;,Po41IT av, a promontory
pn the north fide of lake Ontario,
about S3 niiles Ibuthwefterly of Fort
Frontinae.
G0FF8TOWN, in Hilliborough coun-
ty, Hew-ilamp%ue, on the weftern
wmk of Merrinnack river, 3 miles from
Amulkeag Falls, and 60 railn weft of
Portfmouth. It .was incorporated in
1761, and contains 1 ,175 inhabitants.
3ome pieces of baked earthen ware have
been round in this townihip, from which
it is fvppofid that the Indians had learn-
ed the jpotter^a art } but of what anti-
quity, thefe remnants are, is uncertain.
Golden I/had lies at the mouth of
the river or gulf of Darien, in the pro-
vince of Terra Firma, in South Amei'i-
ca, N. ht. 9. W. long. 77. xo.
Go LD /{i<i;fr, fituated in Terra Firma,
pa the ilthinus of Darien, fouthward of
the river banta Maria ; affording much
gold duft, from whence it ha^ its name.
GoLDSBOROVGH, a poft-town in
Hnncock county, DiftriA of Maine, con-
taining 267 inhabitants. It was incor-
porated in 1789, is the Ibuth-eafternmoft
town ill the couii'y. On the waters of
|ts hai'l^our is the town of VVafliington.
It is 4.7 miles eafteriyof Penoblicor, 188
fouth-eaft of Portland, and 33onouh-
eaft of Boftun. M. lat. 44. 1^.
GOLFHINGTON, the chief town of
Walhingtoii county, Geurgia, i§ ficua^ed
Ve^r the head of Ogeeqhee river, about
26 miles eaft-fouth-eait of Oconee
(own, 37 fouth-weft of Augi\lla, and
50 north- weft of Louil'yille.
GoNAVE, an illand in the bay of
I,eogane, in the wdte^n p^t of the id-
and of S(. Domingo. It is i4| leagyes
long, and ui^ifojmly about 3 broad, ex-
cept a very iipall part at each extremity.
O ON
l^ftiti Gottavt, an ifle about * ctiles cacH
way,, is I'eparated from the fouth-eaft
coni«:r pf the former, by a channel 3
miles wide. Gonaveis B3I leagues W.
by N, W. 9f Port au- Prince ) i^nd it$
weft poujit is 33^ leagues £. by N. of
Cape Dame Marie.
GONAivES, a iea-port in the fame
ifland, at the head of a bay of its own,
name, on the north fide of the bay of
Leogane. The town is fituated on the
great road firom Port de Paix to St.
Mark, :| 6 leagyes fouth-eaft of the for-
mer and 15 N. by E. of the latter, N.
lat. 19^ a7. W. long, from Paris 75.
a. 30.
GoNAtVES, a bay in the ifland of
Hifpantola, fouth-eaft ward of Cape St.
Nicholas, in about (9. 33. N. lat.
GoocHLANp, a county in Virginia,
furrounded by Louifa, Fluyanna, Hen.*
rico, Hanover, and Powha.tan counties.
It is about 40 miles loi^g aivl 14. broad,
and containc 9,053 inhabitautSj includ-
ing 4*656 (laves. t
Good Hofe, a Danifli colony 11^'
Weft Greenland, in N. lat. 64.
Goose Creei, a rivei* v/hich falls in-
to ^otowmac river, about a mile S. £.
of Thorpe, in Fairfax county, Virginia.
Gooseberry Mountam, in New-
York State, lies «n the W. bank of
Hudfon's river, about 4 miles fouth of
Fort George.
Gooseberry ^«^/and Rocks, on
the coaft of Eifex county, Mafliichufetts,
have been the occafion uf the lofs of
many valuable veflels. Tp prevent fucl^
accidents in future, feamen may attend
to the following particular information,
which is ,here inferted for their benefit.
The north part of Goofeberry great:
rock with the north of Cat Ifland,. bears
S. 54 W. from the beacon on Ba-
kei'^s Ifland. The weftern Goofeberry
S. 41 y^. the diftance nearly three-
fouiths of a mile. The northern
pai't of the weftern Goofeberry is view-
ed from the beacon over the point of
land runnii\g out from it- The eaftem
Goofeberry bears S. %(> W. and it is
(hoal as far as the weftern breaker.
The eafte^ breaker lies S. 35 E. and
the weftern breaker S. 29 E. The eaft-
ern breaker is about the fame diftance
from the beacon, as the weftern Goofe-
berry, but the eaftem Goofeheny falls
within that diftance. Satan appears S.
3a Wt and Halfway rocK S. a W. at
the
11^
6 3
ibe diftance of %i miles. The Uiiwr
|>art,of Cat Ifland is above i miles from
tlie beacon, and with the beacon to the
fouthward the Goofeberry rock bears
only 1% minutes. The weftern dry
breaker extends from a8 to 3s} and
the eaftern From 31 to 3a. Halfway
rock with the beacon from Cat Iil.ind is
65 to the fouthward.
GoRK J/kaidt difcovered by Capt.
Cook, in his laO: voyage. N. iat. 64.
W. long. 169.
GoKTA, St. Maria La, a fmall
liland in the Pacific Ocean, N. Iat. a6.
35. W. long. 1 35.
GoRGONA,a fmall ifland of the South
3ea, about iz mites W. of the coaft of
Peru, S. Iat. 3. ao.
GoRHAM, a townfhip in Cumber-
land county, Maine, on the north-caft
fide of Saco river, 15 miles from Pep-
perelhorough at tlie mouth of the river,
and 1 30 miles N. by £. of Bofton. It
was incorporated in 1764, and contains
«,a44. inhabitants.
GoscHGoscHUENCK, a town of the
Pelawares, coniifting of 3 villages fitu-
ated on the banks of the Ohio. Its
name fignifies tie habitation of otvlt,
from the number of thefe birds who re-
fort here.
GosKEN, a townwip in Hampfltire
county, MalTachufetts, between Cum-
mington and Conway, 14 miles north of
Northampton, and iis W. by N. of
Bofton. It was incorporated in 1781,
9nd contains 681 inhabitants.
Goshen, a towufliip in Addifon
county, Vermont, adjoinmg toSalifbury
on the W. and 21 miles N. £. by £. of
Mount Independence.
Goshen, a townlhip in Chefter coun-
ty, Pennfylyania.
Goshen, a town in Litchfield coun.
ty, Connecticut, famous for the pro-
duction of excellent cheefe. It is 7 miles
}i. i^y N. W. of Litchfield, and 50
northward of New. Haven.
Goshen, the moft confiderable town
in Orange county. New- York, about 58
miles north of New- York city, »o W.
by S. of New-Windfor, and 30 W. by
S. of Fifh-Kill. This town is pleal'ant-
ly fituated, containing about 60 or 70
houfes, an academy, aourt-houfe, gaol,
and Prefbyterian church. The town-
iDiip contains 1,448 inhabitants; of
^Iioin 316 are ele£tors.
Gosu«N, a ttrivnlhip of the Diflria
COS
toi
of Midne, t roilei fr^n B«ckiliq«ai» oi
Pcnobfcot river.
GosHGOSHiNK, a Moravian fettle-
mcnt in Pennlylvania, fituated on Ai-
leghany river, about 15 lailes abew
Venango, or Fort Franklin.
GoipoRT»fbrmerly€aUedi(^(^i/!Alriw
a iifhing town on Star Ifland, one of tha
i<les of Shoals, belonging to Kockinghaoa
county, New-Ham|3hire, containing 91
inhabitants. It lies about la miles £•
S. £. of Piicataqua harbour. See Sioaltm
Gotham, a fmall village in Mary-
land, about 4 or 5 miles north of fialtt-
more city.
GovANOORE, a bay on the coaft of
Chili, in South-America.
Gracias A Dios, a town belonging
to the province of Honduras, or Coai'^
aiagua, and audience of Guatimala. It
is fituated at the mouth of a river upon
a rocky mountain, which has Ibrae g(ii4
mines in its neighbourhood. It was
built the fame year as was Vallidolid«
the capital, (from which it lies about %j
leagues to the weft) for the fecurity
of the miners. Alfo a cape on this
coaft difcovered by Columbus, N. Iat.
14. 36. W. Ion. 84. I a.
Grafton County t in New-Hamp-
fhire, is boundeil north by Canada |
fouth by the r ounties of Strafford, Hillf-
borough, and Chefhire} weft by the
State of Vermont, and eaft by the Di^
tri& of Maine. It comprehends nearly
as much territory as ail the other four
counties, but is by no means fo thickly
lettled. It is divided into 50 townfhips*
and 17 locations, and contains 1 3,47s
inhabitants of whom ai arc flaves. The
increafe of population fince the enume-
ration of 1790 Itas been great.
Grafton, a tOwnfhip in the county
of its name in New-Hampfhire, 13 miles
S. £. of Dartmouth college and 19 S.
W. of Plymouth. It was incorporated
in 1778, and contains 403 inhabitants.
Lapis fpecularist commonly called if*
ing-glafs, of the beft quality, is found
in this town, in a mountain about ao
miles caftward of Dartmouth college.
It is found adhering to the rocks of
white or yellow quartz, and lying in la-
minae, like fheets of paper. It is found
in other places in the State in finaller
piect's.
Grafton, the Hajanamifco of the
Indians, a townfliip iu Worcefter coun-
ty, MafTachufetts, containing 900 in-
habitants}
k
M# ^ K A
|MmIHM^-4#|ImN 9* InT* of Boftotti
t eafterlv of Worcctter, and ^ N. W«
«r Proyideticc,
• <»ft Aiii«BR» Port* fhindi on the N;
id* ot^ tht mouth at Holton rhreif In
Tcnneflee.
- OnAinoBR, the name given to a new
•auatyi in the diftri^t of Hamilton, State
of Tcnneflee, formed of parte of the
ComHiek of Knox, JefTerfon and Haw-
kittty and calkd a^er the maiden name
•f the Lady of Gov. William Blouitt.
Graiso, L'akcb la, a fettlement
ia Lottifiana.
Granada* or Creuadttt the moft
loutherly of the Caribbee Iflanda in the
Weft Indiet,fttuated between 1 1 . 58. and
la. ao. N. lat. and between 6t. to. and
<i, 35. W. long, about so lewuea N.
W. of Tobago, and «0 N. of New An.
dalufia, OB the continent of America ;
)o leagoea 8. W. of Barbadoes, and 70
irsHSk Martinieo. Itt extreme length is
Rhout %% milet, and its breadth 1 3 miles.
It contaioa about 80,000 aa-es cf land ;
ff which (although no lefs than 7x,i4i
acres paid taxes in 1776, yet) the quan-
tity under eultivation never exceeded
50,000 acres. The face of the country
ia Biountaiaoua, but not inacceffibie in
Ray part } and it aboiuids with fpringa
and rivulets. The exports of the ifland
aad its dependencies in i776> ^"^re va-
lued at the ports of fliipping, to be worth
(qoo,ooo1. fterling. The fugar was the
produce of 106 plat itatiosM { and thev
^reworked by 1 8>a93 negroes ; which
vnia more than a hogmead of Mufcovado
b^fix ^16 cwt. from the labour of each
asgro, old and young, employed in its
cukivation and manufadur^— a ret\im
unequalled by any other Briti(h ifland
«i the Weit-Indies, St. Chriftopher's
excepted. The exports of 1787 were
inferior: by the prices in London, the
value of the cargoes was, however,
oi4,ao8l. 9s. 3d. and confifted of the fol-
Mwing articles fliipped offin 188 veiTels,
via. i7 5,548cwt. 9tbs. fiigar— 670,390
gallons of rum— 4,310 gallons molafles
•r**S,8izcwt. »qrs. 4lbs. cofTee— s,7i6
cwt. 3qis. iSlbs. cocoa— %,o6«,477ibs.
cotton— 2,81 clbs. indigo; befiUes bides,
dying woods, &c. The exports to the
.American States^ included in the above
Turn, amounted to /z4,597 4s.
This ifland is divided into fnc parifh-
cs, St. George, St. ORvid, St. Andrew,
St Patrick, St. Hark, and St. John } and
6 R A
tta chief dependency, Ourlacou nunNl
fbrmsaythparifli. Befid<a6t. George's,
the capital, tteodier towns areincon-
fiderahle villagesr gmerany fituated at
the bays or fliipping phces in the lever*
at pariflies. Befldes the etipital^ Gren-.
ville, or La Bay, is a port of entry,
with diftinft revenue officers, independ*
ent of St. George's. The white po-
pulation has decreal'ed eonfidcrably fine*
Granada and the Grenadines wtre lik
polTcflion of the Britifh. In 1771,
tfierewere above 1,600 j in 1777 only
i,)oo, and now there are not above
1,0001 of which number, two-thinla
are incoiporated into five regiments of
militia, including a company of free
blacks or mulattoea, attached to each.
There -are likewife about 500 regular
troops on the Britifli eftablifliment.
The free people of colour amount t6
1,115. In 1785 there were 33,916 ne-
gro (laves. The above was the ftat«
of the ifland prior to the late infun-ec-
tion. \\
A chain of mountains crofles the ifland ^
from N. to S. The air is good } and
the foil fruitful in all produAions com;
mon to the climate. Several of the rivera
have their fource in a lake of a circular
form, called Grand £tang, in the higheft
ground in the ifland. The high road
which runs nearly thr whole length of
the ifland is very near it i and on the
oppofite fide of the road, in thia elevated
Ipot, is a genteel tavern, for the accom*
modation of travellers. Here the iiir ia
always cooled by refi'eOiing breezes {
and the ]HX>rpeA is delightful and ex-
tenltve. On the fea-coalt, about half
way from St. George^s to Ooave, fbm^
of the high rocks are formed into bafal-
tic columns from 10 to 30 feet high,
and appear like regular mafon workt
impaired by time.
Granada was difcovered by Colum*
bus in his third voyage in 1498. The
Caribhees were a nunierous arid warlike
people, who happily remained ill peace«
ftil obfcurity u":il the year 1650 } footj
after which the French, by a ferJes of
enormities, exterminated that devoted
people. Granada was ceded to Great-
Britain in 1 76 3, was taken by the French
during the American war, and at the
E>ace of 1783 was reflored to Oreat-
ritain.
Granada, a town of Nicaragua and
audience of Guatimala, in Seuth-Ame-
liea.
GR A •
It i« ftitcd 79 m'iIm from tht fea,
on a Uke of the Bunt tatn; by means
of which tht inhabitant* cany on' a
great trade. John David, a Dutchman,
pillaged thit town in the taft century
with 90 mcnt when oppdfed by at kaft
too inhabitants. N. lat. 11. «S. W.
lone. S7.
G^AN ADA, Nbw, a province of Ter«
ra Firma, South- America. It contains
mines of gold, copper, and iron. , Santa
Fe de Bagota is the capital.
G&ANADILLOES, or GfttiMBputt a
Icnot of dangerous iflands and rocks near
the leeward tflands, whfre the greated
channel is but 3 or 4 leagues broad.
They lie about the tSth degree of lati-
tude, and are a range of fmall iflands
and rocks dependent on Granada. This
-archipelago, whofe length is about 14
leagues, contains %y iflands fit to pro-
duce cotton, coffee, indigo, and even
fugar. The air r.s healthy, but there are
no running- fpring^ of frelh water. The
moft confiderable at the R. end of the
(Chain is not above two leagues from St.
Vincent, and is called Becouya, or Be-
quia { but the French called it Little
Marrinico. Befides this, there are the
iflands of Moflcitos tuid Qannaouan }
Frigate and Union Iflands are between
becouya and Cariacou. 1 ne Orifon,
and the Diamond on Rhonde Iflands, are
the two principal ones among thofe
which fill iip the interval between Cari-
acou and Granada.
Granby, a town(hip In Eflex coun-
ty, Vermont.
Granby, a townfliip in HampQrire
county, Maflachufett^, E. of South -
Hadley, about 90 n-iles wefterly of Bof-
toii) was incorporated in 1768, and
contains 596 inhabitants.
Granby, a townfliip in Hartfbrd
founty, Connecticut, on the line which
feparates Connefticut from Maflachu-
fetts. It vyas formerly a part of Symf-
bury*and is iS miles north of Haitford.
Granby, a fm^^l town on the Con-
garee, in S. Carolina, about z miles be
low the jun^lion of Broad and Saluda
rivers. Here a curious bridge has been
built, whofi; arches are fupported by
wooden pillars, ftrongly fecured in iron
work, fixed in the folid rock. Its height
is 40 feet above the level of the water.
The centre .arch ia upwards cf 100 feet
in the clear, to give a paflkge to large
^'Cf« v^hich are always brought down by
a It A ^Mi
iht^bodk. TheJngeniiUffan^lM^^M
the toll fecnred to him bf the LiM».
tore for toe years. 7"
Grandb, a river in Sauth^Amerieiia
in Peru, Mar Cayantat reasarkalklc %.
its fands enriehed with goM-duA* -
Orakd Bay, mi the S. W. eapdiof
Newfoundland ifland, 19 leagvctAMrtt-
eaftcfly of MoFth> Cape in the ifland l|^
Cape Breton.
Granob Rivierb, a fettletnentteiir
billv traft of the ifland of St. Domin^^
6\ leagues fouth-wett of Port Daufriiiaa
and 4^ leagues NJ by £. of St. Radn^,
in the Spanifli part of the ifland, N. W.
19. 34. W. long, ftom Paris 74. 30^
Alio the name of a fmall river, in the
fame ifland, which rifes at Limonadf*
and empties into the fea at Qr. Mor|ny
5 leagues eaft of Cape Francois. ^ ^
Grande Rhviertf on the northern
fide of Chaleur Bay, is about 6 leagodi
weft-north-weft of^Cape Defpair. Heite
is a cod fifliety.
Grande 8eau)c, an Indian naHoi^
who inhabit fouth of the Miflburi, and
can furnifli 800 warriors.
Grand F4/^^/, feveral lan;e detaef»-
ed mountains in the fouth -eaft comer of
Tenneflee, in which are the head watert
of French Broad and Cataba rivers. '
Grand IJIest are two large iflands in
Lake Cham plain ; each about 8 or i^
miles long, and each forms a townfti^
belonging to Vermont. See South Ht-
r», and ffmrtb Hero.
G R AND Ifiandt at the mouth of Lake
Onurio, is within theBrttifli territories,
having Roebuck and Foreft iflands cm
the fouth-weft, and the Thou&nd Wef
on the north-eaft. It is xo miles in
length, and its greateft breadth is 4
miles.
Grand IJUomI, in Lake Superior, litk
on the north fide of the lake.
Grand Ifland^ in Niagara river, U
about 6 miles long and 3 broad. Thf
fouth end is 4 miles north of Fort Erie^
and its northern extremity 3 miles fouth
of Fort Shiftier, and nearly 14 fouth "bf
Ni:4gara fort.
Grand Lake, in the province of New
Brunfwick, near the rivtr St. John's, is
faid to be 30 miles in length, 8 or lO
in breach h, and in fome places 4of»<
thoms deep.
Grand Manan IJlanti, lies 6 milea
S. by S. E. of Campo Bel Ic Ifland, in
the i^aqtic Ocean, o{^K>fite to ^iSm-
maquoddy
r«04
Oft^A
•MwMy Bap* on tin nftan iRwder
.«( dw Uaiud Sut<«.
OftAirp JUwr ruM a north-weft
^c«iff« int0 lake Erie, so milei b^ow
tte Forks, So mile* ibuthrweft of
mfi|t«eUk.
i^AANOB, G*!^ I«, o^ Cape Ahtite
CMI, «w the north fide of the iiluid of
4t. Oomingo* It it a high hili in the
lorm of a teiu, and may be i«en by the
ankcd cjrc at Cape Francoisi from which
it it 14 kagtwt E. by N. .A ftrip of
land joint it to tne territory of Monte
Chrift i (9 that at a diftance it feemi to
fce ?B ifland. The cruifert from Ja-
maica often lie off here. This Cape lie*
in lat. 19. 54- 30. N. and Ion;;. 74. 9.
10. W. from Paris ; and with Point de
SuMt forms the niou;.h of ihe bay of
Monte Chrift { which iee.
Gkanvillb, afinetownAiip in An-
■qpoUi coimW, Nova-Scotia. It lies
tan tfw north ule of Annapolis river, on
the Bay of Fundy, and i» 30 miles in
loagth} firft fettled from New-Eng-
Wi.
iCvRAitviLifB, a townfliip in Hamp-
Ihire county, Ma(F<ichufetts, about 14
miles weft of Spriiigiieid. Tt was in-
.corporated in 17541 and contains 1979
inhabitants.
. GRANViLtE,a townfliip in Wafliing-
ton county, New- York, containing a«40
jnhabitantt, of whom 41a are elcAois.
. Gbamvillb. CouMtyt in HiUftio-
rough diftrift in Noith-CaroUna, hat
^he Stale of Virginia north, and con-
tains 10,98s inhulmants, of whom 4163
are flaves. Chief town Williamfliurg.
Gbamville, a flourifliing town m
Kentucky.
QftAts, a river in New South Wales.
Crates, a point of land on the eaft
fide of Newtoundhind IHand.
Gravb Creek, on* the Ohio, is
miles down the river fitxn Wheeling-
Here is a mound of earth, plainly the
work of art, called an Indian grave.
It is of a conical form, in height about
8e feet. It afcendt in an angle of about
Soo. Tne diame'er at the top is about
<o feet i the margin cnclofm^ a reguUr
concavs, funk alMut 4 feet m the ccn-
frt» Near the top Ifandt an oak, about
3 fcti in diameter. It it iaid thw Indiant
have no tradition what nation ever bu-
ried their dead in tliis manner. On cx-
•minatisnt thcfe mounds have been
fyani to c«^taiB a chalky fubftance,
CRE
fuMofed teW bonaacf thahiimKBkiNd.
GaATBaiNVi Port or, is fituatcd
on the ftntth.wtftcm fide of the ifland of
Jamaica, in a Urge bay. It hat two
channels) the Leeward and the Main
Channel* and affords goo^ 1 anchorage
for large vcflris.
GRAVBSBND,afmaIlviIIa^inKinK'a
county, Long-J^fland, New- York ,7 miles
N. by E. of the chy. The townfliip of
its name contains 426 inhabitants*
Grat, a poft.town in the Diftridl of
Maine, in Cumberland county, 15 miles
N. by W. of Portland. The townfliip
was incorporated in 1778, and contains
577 inhabitants.
GREAxBANKof Newfoundland.
This noted fifliing bank extends fiom
north to Ibuth, and is almoft of a trian-
gular fliape. Between it and the ifland
on the weft is a broad channel of deep
water. It liet^ between 41 . o. and 50.
a4. N. lat. and between 49. 45. anu 54.
45. W. loi.or.
Great Bear Lake, a water whichi
runs wcftward, and flows into M'Ken.
zie's river in the north-weft part of N.
America { not far from thearclic circle^
Its mouth is 150 yards wide.
Great Alligator Dismal. See
Di/iral.
Great Barrington, a townfliip
in the fouth-weftem part of the State of
Maffachufetts, in BerkOiire county, ly-
ing fouth of Stockbridee, 1 50 miles
weft of Boflon, and x6 £. by S. of Hud-
foncity, New- York,
Great Famine, a river in New-
Yerjc which rifes in the mountains near
the fource of Oneida river, and flows N.
W. by. W. to Lake Ontario. Its
mouth it 10 miles fouth-wefterly from
the mouth of Black river. ^1
Great Egg Harbour, &c. See Egg
Harbour.
Great Island in Pifcataqua har-
bour, New-Hampihire.
Great Kanhaway, large river
which flows through tht eaftein bank
of the Ohio, in 39. 5. N. lat. nearly 500
yards wide at its mouth. The cutTent
is gentle for about 10 or ix miles, when
it becomes cqnriiicrabiy rapid for up-
wards of 60 miles i'anher, where you
meet with the firit falls, when it becomes
impoflible to navigate it from the great
number of its cataraAs.
Great ff^orh, or Chadiota^ntt River,
in the dtftrijl of Maincj iifet f)om Bon-
nebeag
mbflig P«iid, ahout 39 mllM firom ill
mouth. There trt fcvtral valuable
milla en lt» withm and above the foWn
of Berwick.
Great Micatina, anlfland on the
Labrador eoaft. Its (bnthekn extremity
lies in 50. 43. N. lat.
Grk At Pelican ^tonrf. SetPtHcan.
Great Sodvs. See Stdut,
GaBATSWAMp, between Northamp*
ton and Lucem countiet) in Pcnniylva-
nia. This fwamp, on examination and
farvev* is found to be good farm land {
thickly covered with beach and fugar-
maple.
UREAT RiDOE, one of the ridges of
the /Alleghany Mountains, which fepa
rates the waters of the Savannah and
Alatamftha.
At the fouth-eaft promoiltary of the
Great Ridm is that extraordinary place
called Buflnloe Lick, diftant about 80
miles fi'om Augufta. It occupies feveral
acres of ground. A large cane fwamp
and meadows, forming an immenle
plain, lie fouth-eaft from it) in this
fwamp Mr. Bartram thinks the branches
of the Great Ogeechee take their rife.
The Lick it nearly level, and lies be-
tween the head of the cane fwamp, and
the afcent of the Ridge. The earth,
from the fuperficies to an unknown
oepth, is an aimoft white or cinerous co-
loured, tenacious, fattifli clay, which
all kinds of cattle lick into great caves,
purfuing the delicious vein. Mr. Bar-
tram could not difcover any thing faline
in its tafte, but an infipid fweetilefs.
Horned cattle, horfes, and deer, are im-
moderately fond of it { infomuch that
their excrement, which aimoft totally
covers the earth to fome diftance round
this place, appears to be perfe6l clay ;
which when dried by the fun and air, is
almoft as hard as brick.
Great Springs, is an amazing
fountain of tranipa^ent, cool water, fitu-
ated near the ix>ad, about mid -way be-
tween Augufta and Savinnah. It breaks
Atddenly out of the earth at the bafis of
a moderately elevated bill or bank,
forming at once a bafon near ao yards
over, alcending through a horizontal bed
of foft rocks, chiefly a teftaceous con-
cretion of broken, entire, and pulverized
fca-ftiells, fand, &c. conftituting a coarl'e
kind of time-ftone. The ebullition is
copious, aftive, and continual, over the
ragged apenures in the rockii which
.#.
lie ftvtoor «li|lrt k» below, Ml^m
furfiwt coAHenblv, immcAauhr Ae«i
it ) the wMeN da&end Mk\y mm tl»
foontain, formftig at once a lar« broHE«
dft or eight JiMi over, and Ire orlis
feet deep. There are multttndcii of fiii
in thefountain of variovs tiibea ; thieftf
the feveral fpcciea of breami t^nt, ca^>
fiOi, and| garr, which are beheld eontino-
ally afcending and defcending threngjh
the i^icky Merturet. Baitram, firom
whofe travels the above is tdten, ob-
ferves, that he crofted no flream or brook
of water within is or 15 miles of this
fountain, but had in view vaft favannahsa
fwarops, and cane meadows, which he
coi^e6tures are the relervoirs which feed
this delightful grotto.
Greene, a county in Waihingtqik
diftria, State of Tenneffee.
G R E E N , a townftiip in Franklin coon*
ty, Pennfylvania.-i-Alfo a townfliip ii^
Wafhington county in the fame State.
Grben, annft-townin Lincoln C0un«
tv, in the Diftri£l of Maine, fituated «■
the eaft fide of Audrofeoggin nver, 3 c
miles W. by S. of Pittftown , 39 north of
Portland, and 164 N. by E. of BoAon,
containing 629 inhabitants.
Green, a navigable riv<ir of Ken-
tucky, which rifes in Mercer county, ha«
a gentle current, and is navigable rictldf
1 50 miles. Its courfe is generally weft }
and at its confluence with the Ohio ia
upwards of 200 yards wide. Between
the mouth of Green river and fait ri-
ver, a diftance of neariy xoo milet, the
land ujpon the banks of the Ohio are
generally fertile and rich ; but, leaving
its banks, you fall into the plain coun-
try, which is confideied as little better
than barren land. On this river are a
nnmber of Salt fprings or licks. There
are three fprings or" ponds of bitumen
near this river, which do not form a
ftream, but empty themfelves into a com-
mon refervoir, and when ufed in lampSy
anfwers all the purpofes of the bteft oil.
Vaft quantities of nitre are foimd in the
caves on its banks ; and many of the let-
tiers manuf'aflure their own gimpowder.
Green Bay, or Puan Bay, a fotttU*
weftern branch of Lake Michigan. See
Michigan^ Puatt, and Wixntba^.
GrbkN, a fmall river which rifea ill
the town of Marlborough in Vermont,
and falls into ConneAicut river above
Deerfleld, in Maflachufctts.
Gresm BRiak, a large and ftrtit*
ceunqr
m4
ottft
XHMiolpN, Wni^, ItuhiiMiy, lote.
t, aid Montgomery eeuaUe*. It
M abeiit >dor nUct long mmI 45 brood {
viid tegillei: with JLtxAamwf county^
lodleK wu formerly a part of it, co^oiat
6|M f-iahabitanttv including 319 flavet.
"ncre it a largo «av« on Rich Creek in
thjt coantv» the earth at the bottom of
which ie Jtrongly imprrgaatcd with AU-
plilir. K^any ftlch are to be found on
Green Briar R iver. The chief town it
Ikwiiburg^ At CrMwJff^r court- houfe
i$ a poft-office, 30 mile* W. by S. of
Sweet Spring«» and 103 weft of Staunton.
GasBN Briar Rhftr runs a S. W.
courfe, Mul fall* into thoeaftern fide of
the Great Kanhaway>atthe place where
that river breaks through the Laurel
Ridge, and oppofite to the mouth of
Maw riveri in N. lat. 38.
Gribnbvrg^, atownfltip in Weft-
cWiter county. Mew* York, containing
1400 inhabitants, of whom laa are
flaves, and i64areeieAors.
Grebnbush, a townfliip in RenlTa-
hcfr county. New. York; 164 of its in-
Inbitants are cleAorr.
Creencastlb, a town in Franklin
opuftly,' Pennfylvania, fituated near the
^ohegocheague creek . Here are about
to boiifcit, a German churches, : d a
Pkvfljyterian church. It is 1 1 miles S.
% W. of ChamberOiui'g, and 156 W.
by S. of Philadelphia.
Grbene, a county In Kentucky, ex»
tending ft-om Ohio river on the north,
to Tenneflfee State on the fouth, and
bordering weft on the Miftifippiriv.er,
attd eaft upon Hardin and Jefferfon cotin*
ties.
Grbbkb, a county in Wafliington
. diftri£i in the State of Tenneflee, having
7,74> inhabitants, of whom 4.54. are
^ves. Greenville college has been ei-
tahliflied by law in this county. It is
fituated between two froall northern
^ninchea of Nolachucky river, about
I f miles N, W. by W. of^Joneftwrough,
and 54 eaft of the mouth of French
jp^road river.
^Greene, a townfliip in Tioga co.
Mew- York, on the eaft fide ofChenen-
go iiver,
f Grbene, a county in the upper dif-
tri& of Georgia, bounded weft by the
^W9v part of Oconee river, eaft by
Wilkes county, and fouth by that of
>^ afliingtoa* |t ffontiuns-5>4<95 iajub-
OAB
town, OiMWlbociBUfb.
ORBBNPIKI.B, « hndAnw ftmrilh.
ing town in Hamplhire county, Malla« .
chul'ettsf ahmit4 niilee aofth of Pmt-
field, and 114 W. by N. of Bofton.
The townfliip lies on the weft bank of*
CoitncfHcut rivcr^ was incorporated in
1753, and contains 1,4^ innabitants.
A company was incorporated in 1 796 to
build a briogc over (;onne£|tcut river,
to conneA this town with Montague.
Greenfield, a townfliip in Sara-
toga county. New- York) 3S0 of the
inhabitants areeleftors.
Grbbn IJlaiulf or Strpent Ipuidt one
of the lefler Virgin Iflands, which la
claimed by the Spaniards, and fituated
near the Eaft emt of Porto- Rico.
Gebbn JJUutd Harbour lies on the
weftem end of the ifland of Jamaica.
It furniOies good anchorage, having
Davis's Cove on the north-eaft, ana
Half-Moon and Orange bays on the
fouth-weft. \
Greenland, a town in Rocking-'
ham county, New-Hftmpfliire, in the
vicinity of the ocean, 5 miles foutherly
from Portfmouth. It was incorporated
in 171 3, and contains 634 inhabitants*
Greenland. Thisextenfivecoun-
tiy properly belongs to neither of the
two continents ; unlefs, as feems pro«j
bable, it be united to America to the'
northward of Oavis'sStraits. It is bounti-
ed by Oavis's Straits on the weft ; to
the northward by fome unknown ocean,
or by the north pole } eaft by the Icy
Sea, and a ftrait which feparates it from
Iceland} fouth-eaft by the Atlantic
ocean; fouth it terminates ''n a point
called Farewell, in N. lat, 59. The
weftern coaft, which is waflied by Da-
vis's Straits, is high, rocky, bad land,
which rears its head, dole to the iea,
in lofty mountains covered with fnow,
and inacceflible cliffs, and meets the
mariner's eye 40 leagues at fea. The
Greenlanders, reckoned to amount to
about 7,000, live to the fouthward of
the6ad degree of N. lat. or as the in-
habitants are wont to fay, in the fouth j
but no Europeans live there, fo that
thofe paits are but little known. The
European colonics have fixed themfelve%
to the northward of lat. 6a. '
The aftonifliing mountains of ice ii«
this country, may well be recotxied
amtng its greatcft curio&ties^ Nothing
can
ORB
cM«dMbit» i|M««dn«df«li and «t thr
(mm tkae » sMve dMiUaf appcanuictv
than thaft yrodjgioMS maOet ot ict that
furrawid th* wMe M«ft in various
fornM, r«B«Aiaf » jnuldtudt of coktun
from the fun«b«im^ and calling to mind
the enchanting fiianaa of romance.
Such profycfte they yield in calm wea>
thcT} but when the wind begins to blow,
and the wave* to ri£i in vaft billowi,
the violent (hocks of ihofe pieces of ice,
daOiing one againA nother, fill the
mind with horror.
As this counti-y is covered, in nio((
places, with cverlafting ice and fnow, it
IS eafy to imagine that it mufl. be ex*
tremdy cold. Among the vegetables of
this cdd country, are Ibrrel of various
forts, angelica, wild tanfey, fcurvey
grafs ir, great quantities, wild rofemary,
dands'ifonii in plenty, and various forts
of grafs ) whortleberries and cranberrie;i
{[row here. Europeans have fowa bar.
ey and oats, which grow as high and
as thrifty as in warmer climates, but
feldom advance fo far as to ear, and nev-
er, even in the warmeft places, to matu-
rity, becaufe the frofty nights begin too
foon. Unlruitttd as this country is, it
affords food for fome, though but few
kind* of beads, which funiilh the na-
tives with food and raiment. Of the
wild game are white hares, rein-deer,
foxes, and white bears, wlw> are fierce
andmirchievous,fealsr&c. The Green-
landers have no tame animals but a fpe-
cies of dogs, who referable wolves.
The Greenlanders believei in the doc>
trince of thetranfmigration of fouls, and
have very lingular and romantic notions
concerning a future (late.
Wett Greenland was firft peopled by^
Europeans in the eighth century. At
tbat time a company of Icelanders,
headed by one Ericke Randfc, were by
accident driven on the coaft. On his
return he reprefented the country In fuch
a favourable light, that fome families
again followed htm thither, where they
foon became a thriving colony, and be-
ftowed on their new habitation the name
oi GraeHland fx Gretidandt o>i account
of its verdant appearance. This colo-
njr was converted to Chriftianity by a
miflionary from Norway^ Cent thither by
the celebrated Olaf, the firft Norwegian
monarch, who embraced the true reli-
gion. The Greenland fettlement conti-
nued to increale and thrive under his
(uote^on, and in a little time Uie coun-
GRE
«o>
try «M piovMcd ^^H^Mtt to^aa*
theim, A confidcrakU Coauncrea waa
carried on between Orecnlaild md Noit*
way I and a regular intcrcourfe hmIh*
taiaed between the two eeuntrics till
the year 1406, when the left bUliop waa
CcMi over. From tbat time all correC
uondence was cut otiC, and all know^*
ledge of Greenland has been buried iai
ubltvioa.
The colony, tirom its firft (cttlement,
had been handTcd by the natives, a fav«
age people, agnieing in cuftonns^ garb,
ami appearance, with tlie Efqaimaux.
(See New-Biitaia.) This nation, calk^l
ScbrtUingt, Skrmbn^tutt or dwarfids
f>eople, from their fmall ftature, at
ength prevailed over the Iceland fettlers*
who inhabit^ the weftem dtftrift, and
exterminated them in the 14th century*
infomuch that when their brethren ok
the eaftem diftrift came to their a(nft-
aace, they found nothing alive butfoilii
cattle and flocks of (heep running wild
about the country. Tne Sehrellhifla
have a tradition tliat thefe were likeww
exterminated, and aflirm that the ruina
of their houfes and villages ftUl appear.
There are reafbns^ however, for be-
lieving that there may be ftill fome de*
fcendants of the ancient Iceland colonir
remaining in the eaftem diftrift} though
they cannot be vifited by land, on ac«
count of the ftupendous mountains^
perpetuidly covered vwth fuow, whtch
divide the two parts of Greenland {
whilft they have been rendered inaccef*
fible by fee, by the vaft quantity of ica
driven fiom Spitfbcrgen, or Eaft-Green-
land; one would imagine that there muft
have been fome confiderable alteration,
in the northei-n parts of the world fince.
the 1:5th century, fo that the coaft of
Greenland is now become almoft totallv
inaoceiHble, though formerly vifited witk
very littk difficulty. Numerous at-
tempts have been made in the laft arid
prefeut century to difcover the eaftem
di(lri£l, hut they have all proved abor-
tive; In thefe attempts ore has been
fbtind, every hundred lbs. of which
yielded 26 ounces of filverj and fand,
from which an eminent chemift extract-
ed pure gold.
It is thought the only practicable
method of fcaching thai part of the
country will be to coaift north about in
finall velTels, between the great flakes
oi'
flot
ORB
ORl
«fleciiidtlitflMff«i u the Oreeltfaikl-
cra htvf dftwWi thtt the cumiitf cmi>
tbNMllf HRiifif firam tht tMytand bikta,
and nmniof (btithwcllwtrd Rbng the
iMNT, bindtr the ice from adberinK to
the Umd I fi> that there ia always a cnan.
■el opeiit through which vefleie of flnall
%urden tidght pafa, efpectally if lodgei
werehniltat fuitable diftancee on the
flwre, for the convenience and direftion
of the adrenturers.
The GreenUnd fifliery ia produAive,
and chiefly engroflU by the Britifh and
Dutch nationa. In 17(5 the former
amployed 153 ibipa in the whale fiOiery,
and the Dutch 65.
GRBlit M0VNTAIR8, a range of
mountains extending N. N. E. to 8. S.
W. and dividing the waters which flow
aafterly into CmncAicut river, from
liMt which fall weierly into Lake
Champlain, Lake Ocorge, and Hudfon's
ifver. The a(cent from the eaft to the
top ttfthe Green Mountain in Vermont,
ia much eafier thati fhmi the weft, till
you get to Onion river, where the moun-
tain terminates. The height of land is
cenerally from ae to 30 miles from the
nver, and about the fame diftance from
the New- York line. The natural growth
upon this mountain, is hemlock, pine,
ftruce, and other evergreens { hence it
MS always a green appearance, and on
this account hasobtaimd the defcriptive
name of Fer NbtUt Green Mountain.
On Tome parte of thia mountain fnow
Ilea till May, and fometimea till June.
The cUkhi exteikia through Maflachu-
Ibttaand Connefticut, and terminatea
in New- Haven. Kellington Peak, the
higheftof thele mountains, ia about 3,454
hk above the level of the ocean.
GRBBNaBOROVGH, apoft-town, and
chief town of Green county, Georgia,
Somilea from Lexington, and 78 W.
\rf 8. from Aiigufta.
Grbensborovoh, a thriving i^l-
lage in Caroline county, Maryland } on
the weft fide of Choptank Creek, about
f^en miles north of Danton, and ai
miles S. E. by S. of Chefter.
Grbensborouoh, a new townfltip
in Orleans coimty in Vermont. It ad-
joins to Miitden on the north-weft, and
Wheelock on the-fouth-eaft, and con-
tains only 19 inhabitants.
Grebnsborough, a very flourifli-
ing village, or town, in Georgia, in
Ofcen CO. one of the moft fertile in the
9(att0 aftd
|o hxNn W<
la to milN wan •# A«|«lli«
r aiRawiMi, MB c fiMi tha
Ocanew river, the
the Creek Indhaia md wMle peo^.
This town ia vary near id a hnffc^ooan-
tity of kuMft whieh the 8tatehaa Wd off
and appropriated fbr the oA lif her pub-
lic Vnivenlty^ and which are now in
Aich a ftatc of euKitation, as to aiRmI
a handlbme revenue for that inflitution.
GaBBNSBURdii, a poft.town, and
the capital of WeftMoreland county*
Pennfylvania. It ia a neat pretty town,
fitiiated on a branch of 8ewkkly Creek,
which empties into Yoiwhiogany river«
Here are 100 dwelling houns, a Oer-
man Calvinift church, a brick conrt-
hoii(e, and a ftonegaol. It is 31 miles
8. E. by E. of Pittfburgh, and «70 W.
by N. of Philadelphia.
Grbbnsvillb, a county of Virgi-
nia, encompafliKi by BrxmCwick, South-
ampton, and Suflex counties, on the
weft, north, and eaft, and by the State of
North-Carolina on the foutn. It is abouti
14 miles lone, and so broad, and con* <
tains 6,36a mhabitants, of whom s,6so
are flaves.
GRBBNViLtB CMTf-Mm/Sr, in Virgi-
nia, ftands on Hick*s Ford, %$ miles from
Southampton, and 61 from Norfolk.
GRRBNViLLB.a county in Wafhinsr.
tondUhriA, 8. Carolbiai fituated in the
N. W. comer of the ftate } bounded eaft
by Spartanburg coimty, in Pinckney dif-
triAi (buth, by Peiidlctoni weft, by
the State of Georgia, and that tra£V of
country which the State of South-Cw «>..
lina ceded to the United States; and
north, by the State of North-Carolina.
It contams 6,50) Inhabitants of whom
606 are flaves. Taxes lyal. 6s. 8d.
The lands are mountunoua and hilly,
and well watered, and the climate
healthy and agreeable.
Grben viLLB, a poft-townof South*
Carolina, and chief town of Cheraws
diftri6V; fituated on the weft fide of
Great Pedee river, in Darlington coiin«>
ty. It contains about 30 houfes, a court-*
houfe, gaol, and academy. It is 55
miles E. N.E. of Camilen, 90 N. E.
by E. of Columbia, 135 N. by £. of
Charleftown.
GREBNEViLLB,apoft-town, and the
chief town of Pitt county, North Caro-
lina ; fituated on the fouth bank of Tar
river, diftant from Ocrecock Inlet 1 le
miles. It contains about 50 boufes, a
court-:.
tut
Court-hottftandfAoli iKb a firmUtary of
Icnrning. called tht Pitt Acadcmr. It
U < ) milci from Wafliington and 15
ti\\\t$ from Tarborough.
OitiBNr VILLI, a fmall poft-town
in Ore«ne county, In the State of Ten.
neflee, fitiiatid on the weft fide of the
north eallcrhmoll branch of Nolachncky
rivcf, alioutfixniilesN.byE. of Green-
ville college, 16 milei north*weft of
Jonclborough, 7 5 nh of Kuoxville, and
6jl louth-wed of Phila'lelphia.
OkBiMViLLB, a (brt and fettlement
in the N. W. Territory, on the fouth
(Ide of a north vftcm branch of the
Great Miami, fix inilet north-weft of
F rt Jcfferfon on the fame branch, and
about 13 miles fouth- eaft of Fort Recov-
ery. It ii a picketed fort, with baf-
tioni at each angle, and capacious enough
to accommodate 1,000 men. Here tne
American legion had their head-quarters
in the late war with the Indians. It was
eftabliflied by the late Maj. Gen. A.
Wayne in 1793, and here he concluded
a treaty of peace with the Indian na-
tions, on the 3d of Augw»' ■795'
Grenvillb Bay, or Im Bay, a
lu >vn and port of entry on the ealt or
windward fide of the ifland of Granada.
It has about 60 dwelling houre8,a church,
and feveral rich (lores of India anti Eu-
ropean goods, and plantation utrnlils.
Tne fituation is low, and rather un-
healthy.
Greenwich, a townfliip in Hamp-
fliire county, Maflachuretta, incorporat-
ed in 1754, contains 1045 inhabitants.
It is 30 miles eafterly of Northampton,
and 75 wefterly ofBofton.
Greenwich, a townfliip, the fecond
in rank in Gloucefter coimty, New-Jer-
fey, fitnated on the eaft hank of Dela-
ware river, oppofite to Port MiiHin, 3
miles N. by E. of Woodbury, and 6
fouth-eaft of Philadelphia.
Greenwich, a townfliip in SulTex
county, New-Jerfey, on the eaft fide of
Delaware river, in a mountainous
country, about 5 miles north-eafterly
of Eaiton, in Pennfylvania, and 31
fouth-weft of Newton, the (hire town.
It contains 1,035 inhabitants, of whom
64 are flaves.
Greenwich, a town in Cumberland
county, New-Jerfey, on the north- weft
bank of Cohanz^ creek, about 3 miles
ftom its mouth m Delaware Bay. Here
are about 80 houfes, and a Friend's
OR E
l«9
imettnghoafir. It is ic mikt Ibutb*
lerlv " *
PhiUuf'tphii
ftftcriy of Sdem, and
It mikt
W. of
GRiiNwtCR, • iMritime townfliip
in Patrfield connty, Connefticut, ra-
the ibuth-wffftnrpmoft of the StaUt Km
about 50 miles iveft of New-Hattn, and
40 eaftof New«.Yerk city. Its ftft-€o«ft
on Long Ifland Sound, and that of the
townfli^ of Stamford on the eaftward*
has a number of ifles and rocks botdef-
ing the inlets of the fea and moatlM of
the creeks. Byram river paflits through
ibis town, the largeft of the fmall ftretms
which water it, and only noticeable as
formini; part of the line between Con-
neAicui and New- York.
This traA was purchafed of the na-
tive Indians in 1640, and fettled under
the government of the New Netherlands
(now New- York) and was incorporated
by Peter Stuyvefant in iMst who wa4
then governor of the New Netherlands.
This town falling within the bounds of
ConneAicut, was afterwards granted to
eight perfons by tlia colony.
Greenwich, in Rhode Ifland { fee
Eafi GreeHtvicb.
Greenwood, a townfliip in Cum-
berland county, Penniyivania. Alfo, a
townfliip in Mifllin county in the fame
State.
Green ffeoJt, a vaft foreft of ftately
pines in Litchfield county, ComieAicuty
which cover the face ot a part of that
county. Thefe are cloathed in green
bearded mofs, which being pendant from
the boughs, ftreens many of the trees
fiomthe eyes, and gives to the whole a
gloomy, wild, and whimfical appear*
artce.
GliEGORiA,ST.atown of New-Mex-
ico, firuated on the eaft-fide of Rio
Bravo, ^. few leagues north of St. An-
tonio. '
Gregstown, a village in Somerfet
county, New-Jerfey, on the eaft-fide of
Millftone river, 6 miles north-eafterly
of Princeton, and about 9 fouth-weft of
New-Bninfwick.
Grenada. See Granada.
Gres, Cape ait, a promontory on
the ealtern fide of the Mifliflppi in the
N. W. Territory, S leagues above the
Illinois river, and the trajt of country
fo calkd, extends 5 leagues on that river,
Theie is a gradual defcent back to de-
lightful meadows, and to beautiful and
fertile uphmJe, watered by feveral rivu-
O lets,
^lo G H O:
lett) which fall into the Illinois river>
betwi'Mi ^o and 40 miles fiom its entrance
into the Mifllfippi, and into the latter at
^pe ail Gres. The diftam ' from the
lUtlippi to the Illinois acrofs the coun-
tnr» i* Ip^ned or. increaledi according
to the windings of the former river}
the foialU^ diftance isatCape au Gres,
and there it is hetween 4. and 5 miles,
rf he lai\ds in this intermediate fpace be-
tween the above two rivers are rich* al-
moft beyond parallel, covered with large
oaks, walnut, Sec, ind not a ftone to
he feen, except upon the fides of the
river.
If fettlefitents were begun here, the
French inhabitants acknowledge that
the Spaniih fettlements on the other fide
of the Mifiifippi would be abandoned ;
i|s the former would excite a conltant
fucceflion of fettlers, and intercept all
tf^ trade of the Upper M|fllfippi.
Grison, one oi the fmaller Grana-
dillas, fituated between Diamond ifland
^nd Cariacou. It is uninhabited, having
no frefli water.
Gro3 Morne (lands in the middle
ofthenirth peninfula of the ifland of
St. Qoinuigo, between the mountain
and the head waters of a river which
falls into the Tea 4. leagues to the north,
and a league ^nd a half weft of Port de
Paix. It IS equally diftant, 1 1 leagues
nbrth-eaft of Point Paradis, and north-
weft oFLes Gonaives. N. lat. 19. 46.
y^. long, from P^ris 75. 13.
Groton, a townftiip in Caledonia
county, in Vehnont, is fituated weftward
of and adjoining to Ryegate townfhip
on Conneflicut river, and 9milesnorth-
wefterly of Stephen's fort on that river.
It contains 45 inhabitants.
Qrqton, a townfhip in Middlefex
county, Maffachufctts, 35 miles N. W.
cfBofton, ahd contains 1,140 inhabit-
ants.
GroTOM) ft townfliip in Nev/-Lon-
don county, Goi>ne£licut, having Fifli-
er's Ifland Soimd on the fouthward, and
Thames river on the weft ; which fepa*
rates it troni New-London, to which it
formerly lieionged. It was inc< rporntcd
in 170^, and roKfifU of two parifties,
containing 3,946 inhabitants. In 1770
th'.re were 140 Indians here} 44 of
whom could read, aiid 17 were church
members. On a height, on tbe bank of
tk$Tlm^t 0|»pofittNcw.Lotkl«icity,
cu A
ftood Fort Grifwold, memoi:abIc foi;
being ftormed on the £th of September,
1 78 1, by BenediA Arnold, a nativ^e of
ConiieAicut, after he had become a^
' traitor to his country. Here 70 men,
the flower of the town, were put tb th^
iiword, after they had turrendered them-
jfelves prifoners. The compaft part of
the town was burnt at the fame time,
and fuftained lodes to the amount of
a3,ii7l. Fort Grifwold defends the
harbour of New-London.
Grove Point forms the north fide
of the mouth of Saflafras river, in Chef>
apeak Bay, 5 miles fouth-fouth-wcft of
Turkey Point.
Grovet*s Creek, in the State of
Tenneflee, lies 7 miles from King's
Spring, and a from the foot of Cumber*
land Mountain.
Gryal.va, a river in the province
of Chiapa, in New Spain, whicn is fiiid
to breed certain ampnibious heafts not.
to be found in any other place. They
refemble monkc^'^. and are fpotted like
tygers ; they hide themfelves generally. -,
under water, ^d if they fee any man or
beaft fwim by, they twift their tails
about a leg or arm to draw them to the
bottom ; and yet it has never been ob-
ferved tliat they cat them.
Gryson, a new county of Virginia,
taken from Montgomery, which bounds
it on the north. It has the State of N.
Carolina, ibuth, Henry and Wythe
counties on the eaft and weft.
GuACANA, a village in New Spain,
near the mountain Jeniyo, which was de-
ftroyed by a volcano in that mountain,^
in 1760.
GvACOCKiNGO, a town in New
Spain, 30 miles fouth-eaft of Mexico.
Gvadalajarra, or GuadalaxarOf
a province in ihe audience of Galicia,
in 6ld Mexico or New-Spain, and its
capital, an epifcopai city of the fame
name, both large and beautiful. The
city was built anpo 1 531, by one (^ the
family of theGuznnans ; and thebiihop-
ric, which was before fettled ^t Com-
poftella, was tranflated thither in 1 570.
It is fituated on a delightful and fertile
pbin, watered with feveral ftreams and
fountains, not far from Barai^a river.
The air of the country is temperate,
and the foil fo fertile, that it yieUs 100
to one ; and all the fruits of Europe
grew in luxuriance and abundance. N.
lat.
N«w
OVA
lat. to. 50. W. long. io4>. 49* The
provioce is watered by the Ouadalax-
ara river.
GVADALAXARA, orCrsoi Rh/er, in
Mexico or New-Spain> rifes in the
mountains of the valley of Toloccan,
where ftands the city or Guadaiajarra,
or Guadalaxara, the capital of New
Galtcia. After ranning a courfe of more
than 600 miles, it empties into the Pa>
cific Ocean, in the tad degree of N. lat.
It hais ftupendous falls, 1 5 miles foutb
of the city of its name.
GvAi>ALOVPB, a fmall ifland on the
coaft of California, in N. lat. 90. 5.W.
lonef. 118.
GVADAtoVPE, one of the Caribbe
iflands iiv the Weft- Indies belonging to
Francsi^having been fettled by them in
1635. The natives called it Caracudta
ami Caracufira. Columbus gave it its
prefent name, from the refemhiance of
Its mountains to thofe of that name in
Spain. It is fituated in 16. to. N. lat.
and in 6t. W. long, about 30 leagues
north of Martinico, and almoft as many
fouth of Antigua, being 45 miles long,
and . 38 broad. It is divided into two
parts by a fmall arm of the lea, or rather
a narrow channel, through which no
Hiips can venture ; but the inhabitants
pais it in a ferry-boai. Its foil is equally
fertile, and in the fame produ£lions with
that of Mariinico. This ifland was
takeAiiy the BritiOi in 1759, but was
retbred at the treaty of peace in 1763.
It was taken by the fame power in 1794,
but was retaken by the French in the
dofeof the fame year. Here is a high
burning mountain, which abounds with
fulphnr, and fmoke ifl'ues out from fun-
dry clefts and chinks. The negroes
who fell brimftone fetch it from this
mountain. Many years ago this ifland
produced 46 million pounds of fugar, 1 1
millions of coiFee, 3x0,000 of cotton,
and 8,000 pounds of cocoa.
GuAGA<^ii,. See Guayaguil.
GuAiRA, a bay in Terra Firma, S.
America, in the North Sea.
GuAiRA, a Spaniffi province in the
eaft divificn of Paraguay, in S. Ameri-
ca. Its city isCividad Real, called
alfo Guaira, arid Olive, os.
GuAMALiES, a province in thejnrif*
diAion of the abp.of Lima, inS. Ame-
rica, and empire of Peru, begins 80
leagues north-eaft of Lima, and extends
along the caitre of the Cordillera* The
GUA 3IX
Indian inhabitants apply themfelrei to
weaving, and making a great variety of
baiies, ferges, and other Intffs, with
which they carry on confiucrable trade
with the other provinces.
Gt7AMAN Villas, a jurifdiftlon un-
der the ahp. of Lima, 7 leagues inm
Ouamanga. It is highly fertile, abound-
ing with com, fruits, paftures, cattle
in great quantities, and all manner of -
efculent vegetables. The Indians here
are equally induftrious as thofe above
mentioned, making baizes, corded ftuffsy
&c. which they fend to Cufco and other
provinces.
GUAMANGA, or GuamaHca, or St,
Juan de la Fittoria^ a city of Peru, about'
60 leagues fotith-eaft of Lima, and hav-
ing Piico between it and the fea. It wat'
founded by Pizarro, in 1539. The
houfss are all of ftone, covered witll
flates . There are in it 3 elegant church-i
es, feveral convents, and a rich hofpi«
tal J being the feat of a bifliop, under '
the abp. of Lima, the feat of a gover-
nor, and the capital of a fmall province*
The air is wholelbme and temperate*
The foil produces wheat, and the mea^
dows breed numerous herds of cattle.
There are in the province mines of
gold, filver, iron, Vad, copper, and
fulphur. The famous quick-filveT
mines of Guancavelica are 9 or ten lea-
gues from this city. S. lat. it. to*
W. long. 7 .. 36.
GuANAHAMi, or St. Saltfodort. Sc«
Cat IJtand.
GvANA Patina, a volcano near An^
quipa, in the valley of Quilea, in S. Ame*
rica, and empire of Peru ; whofe erup-
tion, aflifled by an earthquake, laid Axct*
quipa in ruins in 1600.
Gv>NCHA Belica, a jurifdi£lioii
fubjejl to the abp. of Lima, in Peru, 36
leagues north of the city of Guamangfa }
has very rich quick>filver mines, bu(
otherwtfc very barren. See Guofrnd"
velrca.
GvANCHACO, a port or harbour ill
Peru, S. America, about t leagues north
ofTruxillo, and the channel of its ma-
ritime commerce, Ctaated in 8. 6. S»
lat. in the South Sea.
GVANTA, a juiifftiflion north-north-
weft of Guaqanga 4 leagues, m the n\-
?ire of Peru { under the abp. of Lima*
ts rich filver nines iare nearly exi)i.uft-
ed.
GVANSAVKii^Ai A GuaaeofoiBcit,
O % fttwwf
.'•V
■•
a town of Pehi in South America, and
in the audience ot Lima. It is rich and
abounds in mines of quick- Til ver ; iso
miles north -ealt of Pifeo, and i75routh-
eaftof Lima. S. lat. 13. W. long. 88.
30. -Tile famous quick- filver rairrs
filled Guanxavelicat or El Affieutt de
OropefOf not far from the above town,
near the city of Oropefo, were difcoyer-
edby.the Spaniards' in 1566, and pro-
duce annually a million pounds of quick-
fdver, which is- tranlborted by land to
Ifima, afterwards to Arica, and thence
to. Potodf where they make ufe of it to
melt and refine the filver } and it yiekls
to the SpaniHi treaAiry 40,000 ducats a
year, belides other emoluments. The
quick-fdver is found in a whitifh mafs
lyfembling brick Uly burned. This
fubftance is volatilised by 6re, and re-
qeived in fleam l?y a combination of glafs
veflels, where it condenfes by means of
a little water at the bottom of each vef-
l«l, and forms a pure heavy liquid.
„ GuANUCo or Guanug9, a pity and
t^e capital of its jurifdi£lion, in the ahp.
of Lima, in Peru, which begins 40 lea-
gues from Lima. It was a fettlement
made .by tlie firft conqucroi:s, but the
<!ity is now in a mean condition. Several
|(inds, of jellies ;ind fweetmeat^ &re made
l^re, and fold tootlier provinces. It is
191 miles north -eafl, of Lima. S. lat.
10.. I.J.. W. lo;)g. 75. ao.
Guar A, a town in its own jurifjic-
tipQ on the road from Truxillo to Lima,
containing about aoo houies. It has a
p^riih church, and a convent of Francif-
cans, (urrounded by fine plantations,
and ddighti'ul improvements. At the
&iith end of Guara (lands a large tower
wiUi a gate, and, ovn; it a kind of re-
doubt. This tower is ere£led before a
ftone bridge, underwhich runs Guara
river. Il lies in S. lat. 11. ji. 36.
Not far from this town arc P:ill to be
feen 4 neat piany ruinous |remains of
the edifices of the Yncas or fncas ; Inch
as walls of palaces, large dykes, by the
(ides of fpacious highways, fortrelTes,
and caflles, creeled for checking the in-
roads of the enemy.
GuARCHi, a jurifdiflion 6 leapj'ies
eaft of Lima, in Peru, extends ttfelf
above 40 leagues along the Cordilleras,
abovmding in grain and fruits. It has
/ome filver mines, but as the tnetal is
iticiifTerent, few are wrought.
GvARico, a tuwQ fituatcd on the
GUA
north fide of the ifland of St. Domingo^
but more commonly called Cape Fran-
cois \ which fee.
GuA^RMAf.a maritime town of Peru,
in South America. South lat. lo^ id*
Weft long. 77.49. • .
GuARMOY, a fmall maritime town-
of Peru, in South America. It is the re-
fidence of a corregidore } has a good
harbour, and Ue<» 134 miles north-weft
of Lima, S. lat. 18. 3. 53.
GuASCa, a river of Chili in South-
America.
GuASTACA, or P«««r«, (wlviclr fee)
a province which borders on New Leon
and Mexico, in which province arp grain,
cochineal, and fome very rich filver
mine». All the fhores ai'« low, over-
flowed, unhealthy, and fuU offaU raarfh-
%%,
GUATA VITA, a lake in Terra Pi«-ma,
South-America, near the city of Santa
f<f </<f£a^o/a} which fee.
. GuATiMALA, Audience and PrO'
'vince of, in New Spain, is about 750\
miles in length, and 450 in breadth. It
is bounded on the north by Chiapa and
Vera Pax j on the fouth and wtft by the
South Sea, and on the eaft by Honduras.
It abounds in chocolate, which they
muke ufe of inftead of money. It has
12 Province» under it, and the native
-Indians profefs Chrlftianity ; but it is
mixed with a great many of their own
fuperftttions. .
There is a great chain of high moun-
tains, which runs acrofs it from eaft to
weft, and it is fubje£l to earthquakes and
ftorms. It is, however, very fertile,
and produces great quantities of cho-
colate, cochineal cotton, indigo, honey,
iome balfam and woad. The merchan-
dize of the province is generally con-
veyed to the port of St. Thomas in the
bay of Honduras, to be lent to Emope.
The way acrofs this province to the
South Sea is about 65 leagues, and is
the next to that from Vera Cruz to
Acapulco. This province isicalled by
the Indians Sluatuemallac, which figni-
fiee a rotten tree.
St. Jago de Guatlmala, the capital
city, is lituated in a valley, through the
midft of which runs a river between two
burning mountains. In 1541 this city
waii nuned by a dreadful tempeft, and
a number of the inhabitants were buried
in the ruins. It was rebuilt at a good
difUnce trom the volcano, and becmnc a
large
apital
ph the
n two
s city
', and
buried
good
:amc a
G U A
hige and rich town, withabifliop'sfee,
and an univeriity j but it was fwaliowed
up by an earthquake in 177 ]• It con-
tained about 60,000 inhabitants of all
ooiours, dnd was immenlely rich, bm
tliere are no traces of it left. The lol's
was valued at 15 millions fterling ; and
it was the third city in rank in Spanifh
America^ In this dreadful earthquakt
'8,oeo families ioftantly perifhed. New
Guatimaiai is built at fomediftance, is
well iohabited, and carries on a great
trade. N. lat. 13.4.0. W. long. 90.30.
GUAXACA, a province in the audi-
ence of Mexico, in New Spain, N. Ame-
rica, and its capital city of the fame
qame. It reaches from the bay of Mex-
ico on the north to the South Sea, hav-
ing tlje province of Tiafcala on the north-
weft, and tUofe of Chiapa and Tabaico
on the fouth-^aft. It extends nearly 95
leagues along the South Sea, 50 along
the bay of Mexico, and near 120, fay
ipme, along the confines of Tlafcala,
but not above 50 on thole of Chiapa.
The air here is giod, and the foil fruit-
ftil, el'pecialiy in mulbf rry trees ; fo that
it produces more fdk than any province
in America. Except the valley of Guax-
aca (which is famous for givinfir the
title of Marques dell Valle to Ferdinand
Cortez, the conqueror of Mexico) the
greateft part is mountainous, yet abound-
ing with vvlieat; cattle, fugar, cctton,
Ipney, cocoa, plantanes and other fruits.
It has rich mines of gold, filver, and
lead ; and all its rivers have gold in their
lands. CaHia, cochineal, cryftal« and
copperas abound alio here. Vanilla, a
drug, ultd as a perfume to give choco-
late a flavour, grows plentihilly in this
province. Tiltre were in this pro-
vince izo monaReriec, befides hofpitals,
lv:hools, and other places of public cha-
rity, 1 50 cor.liderable towns, befides
iipwaixis of 300 villages. Sut now the
province is thinly inhabited.
GUAXACA, the capital of the laft
mentioned province, is a bifliop's lee,
wd the refidence of a governor. It lifis
«jo miles Ibuth of the city of Mexico,
i.zo well of Spirito Santo, and 1 32 fouth
of the gulf ot Mexico, and of Vera Cruz,
ill the delightful valley of Guaxaca,
which is 40 iniks in length and %o in
Veadth ; and on the road leading throT
Chiapa to Quatlniala. This city con-
tpins a very (lately ;cathedrai., and feve-
rai thoufand lainilies, both Spaniards and
G U A aij
Indians. ^^1 carries on a conGderable
trade with the N. and S. feas. The
river is not fortified, fo that it lies open
to invafion. The-Creolian clergy here'
are bitter enemies to the Spanifli ciergry.
According to fome, the proper name of
Guaxac'a is Antiquera\ but this laft,
others make a feparate town and bifliop'o
fee aifo, fituated about 80 milts to the
S. W. It is faid to have a ftately ca-
thedral, adorned with many large and
high pillars of marble, each of vvhicU
is one entire ftone. It is fituated in N.
lat. 18. 2. W. long. loi. 10. Guax-
aca is Htuated, according to Ibme, In N.
lat. 17.4-5. ^' !<>"?• loo-
Gu AY ALAS, a province and jurifdic-
tlon in the archbiftiopric of Lima, in
Peru, S. America; extends along the
centre of the Cordilleras, begins 50 lea-
gues N. N. E. of Lima; .produces
grain, frnits, and pafture for cattle.
GuAYANA, a town in the province
of Paria, in Terra Firma, South- Ame- ■
rica, about 175 miles S. E. by £. of
Calabexa, and 75 fouth of the mouth
of the gulf of Paria.
GuAYAqyiL, railed by fome Guia-
quil, by others Guag.iquilinA Cuayaial,
a city, bay, harbour, and river, in'
Peru, South-America. Guayaquil ci-
ty is the fecond of Spanlftt origin, being
as ancient as 1534; is (ituated on the
weft fide of the river Guayaquil, north '
of the irtand of Puna at the head of the
bay, and about! 55 miles S. S. W. of
Qu^ito, in t. 11. fouth lat. 79. 17. welt
long. Cividad Viega, or Old Town,
was its firil fituation, but it was remov-
ed about a quarter of a league in 1693'
by Orellana ; and the communication
over the great ravins or hollows of
water, preferved between the old and
new towns by a wooden britlge of half
a quarter of a league. The city is about
two miles in extent ; is defended by three
forts, two on the river near the city,
and the third behind it, guarding the
entrance of a ravin. The churches,
convents, and houfes are of wood. It
contains about 20,000 inhabitants— Eu • '
ro'peans, Creoles and other cafts ; be- '
(ides a number of ftrangers drawn hither
by commercial intertlls. The womeii-
licie are ianied for theil' perfonal charnis,
polite manhbrs, alkl elegant drefs. I he
talt creek here abounds with tobfters
and oyfters ; but' thb fi(h in the neigh-
bourhood are ngt cfteieraiM, being full oi .
O 3 bones.
914 GUI
boneti andunpaUtablc. Bu| this place
U moft noted fur a flie]|.fi(h called tttr-
kim,^ no bigger than a nut» which pro
<iucca a purple reckoned to exceed all
othera in tlie world, and to vie with that
•f the Tyriana. It ia called the purple
«f Punta, a place in the jurifdiAiou ot
Ouayaquil. With thii valuable and
Ibarce purple, they dye tlie threads of
cotton, ribbands, lacei, &c. and the
weight and colour are faid to exceed ac>
eording to the houri of the day } fo
that one of the firft preliminarie* to a
wntraA is to fettle the time when it
ftall be weighed. The dye is only tht
blood of the fiOi, prefled out by a parti-
cular proccia ( and the cotton fo dyed
it jealled by way of eminence caraceUiUt.
"the river Guayaquil is the channel of
ita commerce I and the diftance of the
navigable part of it, to the cuftom-houfe
of Babahio ia reckoned about 24, lea-
guea. The commerce of this place is
confiderahle { the productions of the
rountnr alone form the moft confiderabie
part of it t thtfe are cocoa, timber, fair,
Aorned cattle, mules, and colts { Gui-
nea pepper, drugs, and iana de ceibo, a
kin 1 of vrool, the produft of a very
high and tufted tree of that name, being
ilner than cotton. It ia ufed for mat-
taflks and beds.
GtTAYARA, La, a maritime town,
and one of the chief of Caraccas, in
South-America.
GvAYNA, a town in the interior part
of Braiil on Parana river, a fliort dif
tance fouth of the iropic of Capricorn.
Guiana, a large country of South-
America, between the rivers Oroonoko
and Amaaon. The fea-coaft is partly
pofleflM by the Dutch and French.
See Firtmcb JiMrica or Cayenmet and
DiUcb America or Dutch Guiana. The
moft confidejable '^f the Indian nations
of Guiana ne the Charibbees, the Ar-
vaques, the Yaos, and the Galihis.
Thefe are well proportioned, for the
moft part, are fwarthy, and go naked.
The Charaibes, or Caribbees are enter-
|»ri(ing, and (b cautious of lurpril'e, that
tliey poft out-guards and centinels with
as much care and art ax the Europeans.
Itbev are faid to have been formerly can-
nifawla. The Galibis are more addi£twd
to peace { they manufaAure hammocks
and cotton beos, and are very ingenious.
Such as are near the Europeans have
JeaiitttolMipdlafiM<«nM. The Cha.
GUI
raibcs in the Waft Indies are thought to
derive their origin from thefe nations.
The Charaibes of Guiana Aill fondly
cherifli the tradition of Sir Wslter Ra-
leigh's alliance t and to this I'.ay pre-
ferve the Engliftt coloius which he left
with them at parting, above 180 years
(Ince.
GviAHDOT, a river of Virginia,
which rifes in the Cumberland Moun>
tain, and running a N. by W. courfe
about 80 miles, taUs into the Ohio river,
about 34 miles below the Great Kanha-
way. It is faid to be 60 yards wide at
its mouth, and as many miles navigable
for canors.
GuiAM* a town of Terra Firma,
on the Caracoa coaft. Its harbour ia
at a miles eaftof Maracaibo, where, in
the years 1739, *^*-'^ I74)* the Britilh
were twice repulltd, and loft Ibme men
in attacking this place. S. lat. 10. 39.
W. long. 66. I.
OviLDHALL, a townlhip in Eflex
coun y in Vermont, is fituatcd on Con- ,- i^
ne£licut river, and contains i$8 inhab- \ |
itants. It is oppofite the mouthoflf-
rat-l river in New-Hampftiire.
Guilford, atownmip in Franklin
county, Pennl'ylv.^nia.
GuiLPORD,a totvnfliipin Windham
county, Vermont, on the weft bank of -
Conne^icut river, and opuofite to the
mouth of AAiuflot river i" New>Hamp*
ftiire. It has Hinfdaleon the fouth-eaft,
and the State of Maflachufetta on the
fouth, and contains a43s inhabitants.
Guilford, a poft-town of Connec-
ticut, in New-Haven county, fituated
on the fouth- fide of I^ng-Ifland Sound,
about 18 miles E. by 8. of New-Haven
city. The townfliip is large and is di-
vided into fiv« pariflies, and was fettled ^'
in 1639. It was called MtHumatKck
by the Indians.
Guilford County, in Salifl>ury dif-
trif^, North Carolina, is bounded eaft
by Orange, Weft by Rowan, fouth by
Rockingham county, and north by
the State of Virgiiiin. It is noted for
theextenfiveand rich tracts called Ke>N^
Garden, Buffiiloe and Deep river lands*
Tt contains 7191 inhabitants, incluGve
of 576 (laves. Chiet town, Martinville.
byitPoRD Couri'HoMfi. See Mar.
titfviUe. It is on the poft- road from
Haliiax to Salifljury, 48 miUs fouth-
weft of HilUborough, and 61 eaft ward of
Saliibury.
GUIMET,
HBT,
6Vt
OVfNfeT, « townfhipin Mdntgomerjr
county, Pcnnfylvania.
Ovur OP Florida, or Sew Baha-
ma Cbaniul, is boun.ed on the w«ft by
thepen<niula of Ealf Floridsi, and on the
eaft by the Bahama Iflamls. It i« ge-
nerally about 40 miles wide, and ex-
tends from I he asth to the 28th degree
of N. latitude.
Gulp Stream. This remarkable
phcno 'lenon is a current in the ocean
Vliich runs along the coaft, at unequal
diftances from Cape Florida to the
Iflc nf Sallies and the banks of New-
foundland, whe.e it tuns off and rung
down through the Weftem iflands ;
thence to the coajt of Afl'ica, and
along that coad in a fouthein dtre£lion,
till it arrives at, and fupplies the place
of thole waters carried by the con-
ftanr trade -vinds from tne coaft of
Africa toiwar'ls theweft, thus producing
a conant circnlatine current. This
fti«nm is about 75 miles from the (hores
of the fouthcrn States, and the diftance
increafcs as you proceed northward.
The width of it is about 40 or 50
miles, widening towards the north. Its
common rapidity is three miles an
hour. A north-eaft wind narrows the
ftream, renders it more rapid, and drives
it nearer the coaft. North- weft and
weft winds have a contrary tfft:6t. The
Gulf Stream is fuppoied to be occafion-
ed by the trade-wmds that are conftant-
ly driving the water to the weft ward,
which being comprefled in the Gulf of
Mexico, finds a paftage between Florida
and the Bahama Iflands, and runs to
the north-eaft vlong the American coaft.
This hypothefit is confirmed by another
fa6l : It is faid that the water in the
Gulf of Mexico is many yards higher
than on the weftern ftde of the conti-
nent in the Pacific Ocean. It is highly
probable that the fand carried down by
great rivers into bays, ami the current
out of thefe bays meeting with the Gulf
Stream, by their eddies, have formed
Nantucket Shoals, Cape Cod, George's
Bank, the Ifland of Sa'le, &c.
Skilful navij^to'-^, who have acquired
a knowledge of the extent to which this
ftream reaches oh the New.England
coaft, have learnt, in their voyages ficm
Europe to New-England, New- York
or Pennfylvania, to pafs the banks oi
Newfoundland in about 44. or 45. N.
lot. to (kit thence in a courfe between.
U AC
ii!
the northern, edge of the OuTf S|treR|n'i
and the fhoals and banks of Sable Iflai|(^
George*s Bank and Nantucket, by whicn
they make better and quicker voyaged
to America.
GvNPOWDEH, a river of the weft^m
ftioreof Maryland, whofe chief trraifcliM
unite a little abov^ Joppa, aiid fmjity
into Chefapeak Bay, about 11 miles. a^
hove Patapfcu river, It it navigable
only a few miles, by reafon of falls.
Gunpowder neck, near tEe head
of Chefapeak Bay, is a curioospeninru-
la formed by Gunpowder rirerand Bui&
river.
Gurnet, The. See DiucjhtrtitgL
GuYSBOROuuH, or MatuotJIirt k
townftiip in Nova-Scoti^, on Citedar
bu£lo Bay, 10 leagues norths weft m
Cape Canfo, and 40 leaguijs caftwar4
of Halifax, cohtained 150 families 10
1783.
H
HA Braoa, formerly called ttrt
Dauphin, a fort in tlie ifland of
Cuba.
Hacha, Rio de la, or La Hactdp
a province, its chief town, and a river»
in Terra Firma or Cadile del dro, in
South-America. The province is Air-
rounded on two fldek by the ocean, vlx.
on the N. and N. W. and on the third
eaftw4rd by the gulf of Venezuela. Tl^
town is fituated at the mouth of the ri-
ver, and on its weft fide on a little hill
about a mile from the fca. The foil,
about it is very rich, and ahouiuls with
produ£lions common to the climate, alio
European plants and fi uits } well fupi-
plied with fait fprings, veins of gbk^
and fome gems of great value. The
harbour is none of the beft, being ex|K>iC-
ed to the north winds. It is about 8
leagues from New Salamanca, and rl
from Cape Vela, N. by E. and 346,milei
eaft of Carthagena. Here the Spanifh
galleons touch at their arrival in South-
America, from whence exprefl*es are fent
to all the fettlements to give them no-
tice of it. In ^595 it was furprifed ^nil
racked by Sir Francis Drake. N. la^'.
XI. 30. W. long. 7».
Hackbtstow:!, a (mall poft-town
in SufTex county, NeW-Jerfey on W^
north-weft fide of Mufconecunk riyer.
It is about three miles above the min^-
04 4
at6
HAG
al fprinffiuar Roxbury, on the oppofite
fide of thff river, 12 miles W. by N. of
Morriftown, 16 S. W. by W. of Suffex
court-houfe, and lao N. N. £. of Phi>
ladelphia.
Hackinsack, a river of New-Jerfey
which rifes in New- York, and inins a
Ibutherlv courfe four or five miles weft
of Hudfon's river. It unites with Paf.
laic river at the head of Newark Bay,
and is navigable about 15 miles.
Hackinsack, the chief town in Ber-
gen county, New-Jerfey, is fituated near
the weft bank of the above river, le miles
north-weft of New- York city. The in-
habitants are moftly Dutch. Thehouf-
es are chiefly built of ftoiie, in the old
Dutch tafte. Here are four public
buikling8,a Dutch i^id Epifcopal church,
a court-houfe, and a flounftiing academy.
The people, who are moftly farmers,
carry their produce to New- York.
Haddam, a town of ConncAicut,
the fecond in rank in Middlefex county,
fituated on the well fide of Conneflicut
river, 18 or so miles from its mouth,
and loijniles fouth-eaft of the city of
Middletown. This townfliip, including
l^aft-Haddam, on the oppofite fide of
the river, was nurchafed of the Indians,
May «oth, i66». A Ipot in £aft-Had-
dam was famous for Imlian P^nuanvs,
and was fubje£l for many years to earth-
Jnakes arid various noifes, which the
rft fettlers, agreeable to the Aiperftiti.
ous ideas of that aee, attributed to thefe
Pawaws, An old Indian being aflied
what was the reafon of fuch noifes in
this place ?— anfwered, *' The Indian's
God was very angry becaufe the Eng-
liflimen*s God came here.^>" Thele
noifes are now frequently heard.
Haddonfiei^d, a fmall town in
Gloucefter county, New-Terfty, 9 miles
S. E. by £. of Philadelphia, and 17
from Burlington.
Haplky, a pleafant town in Hamp-
fhire county, Maflachufetts, lyingon the
caft fide of Connecticut river, nearly
oppofite Northampton, ao miles north
or Springfield, and 97 weft of Bofton.
The town confifts of two long fpacious
ftreets, which twr parallel with, each
other, and with ti.. river. The town-
Aiiu contains 881 inhabitants.
HagarstOWN, now called EUza-
bdtb Tovfm \ which fee. It has a con-
fiderable trade with the weftem country,
fq4 i^ t^tween two and 300 houfcs.
H AI,
It is fituated in Walhingtoa county,
Maryland} is a poft>town, 16 m\\<%
north-weft of Fredericktown, 73 N. W.
by W. of Baltimcrc, and i» S. by W,
of Chamberft>urgin Pennlylvania. ,
Halbut Point, the nortb-eaft point
of Cape Anne, in Mafl'achuletts.
Hales, a location in Grafton county,
New-Hampfliire, having 9 inhabitants^
Half Moon^ an extenfive townQiip
in Albany county. New- York. It con*
tains 3,600 inhabitants; of thele, ia8
are flaves, and 563 are qualified electors.
Waterfordt a neat, compa^, thriving
village of about 70 or So hoyfes, two
miles £. N. £• of the Cohoez, and x%
miles north of Albany, on the north bank
of the moft northerly branch of Mo-
hawk river and on the weft hank of th<r
Hudlbnt is fituated in this townfliip.
Halifax, a county in the eaftcm
part of the Britifli province of Nova-
Scotia. It contains Halifax, the capi-
tal: the townfliips of Londonderry,
Truro, Onflow, Colchefter, Lawrence, ,
Southampton, Canfo, and Tinmoutiv
The inhabitants are chiefly Irifli, Scotch
and New-Englanders. It has numerou;»
bays, and rivers ; the chief of the lattrr
are Shabbennacadie, which is 3 boatable
river, the Petitcodiac, Meniramcook,
ice. See Nova-Scotia.
Halifax, the capital of the province
of Nova- Scotia, in the county of its
name, was fettled by a number of Bri-
tilh ful)je£ls in 1749. It is fituated 00
a fpacious and commodious bay or hac-
bour, called Cliebu£lo, of a bold &nd ea-
fy entrance, where a th^ufaod of I he
largeft fliips might ride with great con-
venience and falety. The town is built
on the weft fide or the harbour, on the
declivity of a commanding h>ll, whofe
Aimmit is 236 fieet perpendicular frpn»
the level of the fea. 1 he town is laid
out into oblong fquares ; the ftreets pa^.
rallel and at right angles. The town
and fuburbs are about two miles in
length ; and the general width a quarter
of a mllje. It contained in 17^3 about
4000 inhabitants and.700 houles. A,t
the northern extremity of the town, is
the king's naval yard, completely built
and fupplied with ftoies ot every kind
for the royal navy. The Iwibour of
Halifax is reckoned inferior to no place
in Britifli America fiar the feat ot go-
vemment, being open mid accefTible at
all fealbns of the year, y^heu almoft all
other
/
HAL
pther harbours in thcf« provinces are
locked up with ic« } alio from its en-
trance, fituation and its proximity to the
bay of Fundy, and principal interior
fettlements of the province.
This city lying on the fonth coaft of
Nova-Scotia, has communication with
Pi£lou, 68 milt:9 to the north-eaft on
the >gulf of St. Lawrence, by a good
<:art-road, fiuidted in 179a. It is la
miles northerly of Cape Sarabro, which
/brms in part the entrance of the hay j
%^ fouth-ealierly of Windfur, /^o N. by
E. of Truro, 8qN. E. by E. of Anna-
polls on the bay of Fundy, and 1 57
Ibuth-eaft of £t. Ann, in New-Brunl-
wick, raeafuring in a ftraight line. N.
lat. 44. 4.0. W. long. 63. 15.
Halifax, a fort in the town of
Winflow, in Lincoln county, Maine,
erefled by order of Governor Shirley in
1754. It ftands on the point of hind
formed by the confluence v>i the Seballa-
cook with the Kennebeck, 30 miles be-
Iqw Sandy river.
Halifax, a townfliip in Windham
county, Vermont, 23 miles E. by S. of
Bennington, has Marlborough on the
north, and the MalTachufetts line fouth.
It contains 1309 inhabitants.
Halifax, a townHiip in Plymouth
county, Mallkchuiirtts, ntuated 35 miles
ibuth-eaft of Bolton. It was incorpo
rated in 1734, and contains 664 inhabit
ants.
Halifax, a village or fettlement on
the eafl fide of Sui'quehannah river in
Dauphin county, Pennfylvania, 1 3 miles
north of Harri()burg.
Halifax, one of the middle diftrifls
of North-Carolina, bounded north by
the State of Virginia, eaft by Edenton
difiri6l, well by HilKborough, and fouth
by Newbern. It i s divided into 7 coun -
ties, viz. Northampton, Halifax, Mar-
tin, Edgcomb, Warren, Franklin, and
Na(h, which contain 64,6 jr inhabitants,
including i i,CfO% flaves. Bcfides fmall-
er dreams, the Roanoke puflcs through
this dillrifl in a Ibuth-eail courl'e, and
the Painplico has its fource in it. Chief
town, Halifax.
Halifax, a county of the above di-
ftri£t, bounded north by Northampton,
fouth by Edgcomb, eatt by Bertie, and,
wert by Warren. It contains 7459 in-
habitants, and $506 ilaves. Chief town,
Halifax.
Halifax* the chief town of ^ the
HAM
ai7
above county, and of the diflriAof it«
name in Noith- Carolina, is ap»ft-towii,
plea&ntly iituatcd on the wcftem bank
of the Roanoke, about fix miles below
the ivlls, regularly laid cut, and befides
dwelling houles, has a cjurt-houfe and
gaol. It is 36 miles north of Taibo>
rough, a8 miles from Oienville couit-
lionle, 147 north -eaft of Fayetteville, 7)
S. by V/^. of Pcrerfburg, Virginia, and
383 S. W. by S. of Philadelphia. N.
lat. 36. 13.
Halifax, acounty in Virginia, bor<
dering on the State of North-Carolina.
It is about 4x miles long, and 39 brood,
and contains 14,7x1 mhabitants, in-
cluding 5565 (laves.
Hallam, a townfliip in York county,
Pennfylvania.
H A L L o w £ L L , a flourlfliing poft-town
in the Di(lri£l of Maine, ami the (hire
town of Lincoln county, (ituated in N.
lat. 44. 16. at the head of the tide wateri
on the weft fide of Kennebeck river. An
academy is eftablifhed here with a con-
fiderable fund in lands. The court 4iou(b
here is 12 miles S. by W. ofVaiTal-
borough, 30 N. by W. of WifcalTti,
40 north -ealt of New-Glouceifer, and
195 N. by E. of Bodon. Haihwell
Hook lies on the lame (ide of the river#
three miles below the town, and (ive
north of Pittfton. The whole townfliip
contains 1 194 inhabitants.
Hambato, a principal aflitrnto, or
jurii(ii6tii;in in the proviAce of Qu^ito, in
Peru. It is lituated in 1.41. S. lat. and
12 miles weft of the city ol' Quito): and
has 6 iinall villages in its dependence. It
contains about 18,000 inhaotiants, who
are moftly employed in weaving flu(Fs,
and in knitting.
Hambdin, or Hamden, a townfliip
in New- York State, bounded north by
land ceded to Mafi'achufetts, fouth by
the north line of Pennfylvania, and ealt
by Sidney. SuCquehannah river paflea
in a wett courie through both towns.
The centre of the town lies 1 3. miles
W. by S. of the mouth of Chenengo
river.
Hamburg, a fmall poft-town of
New-Jer(ey, 18 miles from Gofljen in
New- York, and 10 from Newtown or
Suflex couitrhoufe.
Hamburg, a handfome town in
Burke's county, Pe;>nfylvania, feated on
the eaft fide of Schuylkill. Here ftre
^bQUt ^0 oc 60 houles, a German Lu-
theiau
•ll
HAM
thcnm UmI Calvinift church, united. It
it it miles N. by W. of Reading, and
70 nonh-north-weft of Philadelphia.
Korth lat. 40. 34. W. long. 76.
Hamdbn, atuwnfhip in Ntw Haven
county* ConneAicut, about eight mika
north of New>Haven city.
Hamdbn, a townfltip oi the Di(b-iA
of. Maine, in Hancock county, on the
weft fide of Penohlcot river ) oppofite
Orrington | having about 50 famihea in
1796.
Hamiltaw, a cape on the north end
of Newfoundland Kland.
Hamilton. There are three town-
<hipa of thia name in Pcnnfylvania ; one
in each of the countiea of Vork, Frank-
lin, and Northampton.
Hamilton, a fettlement in Vermont
«n the, Canada line.
Hamilton, in Herkemer county,
New- York, atown(hip tx mife* i'quare,
•o fouth of old Fort Schuyler, a level
townfbip of good land, faft fettling.- -
Orifice or Ofhifke creek, a water of
Mohawk, and Cheti/iung, a water of Suf-
qoehamuh, rife in this town (hip. In
1796 there were iioa inhabitants, of
whom 196 were eleAors.
Hamilton, a town or fettlement
lately laid out in Albany county, New-
York, intheextenftve townfhip of Water
Vliet, formerly called tht Glafi FaSory,
and has its prefent name in honour of
that great patron of American manufac-
tm'es, the late fecretary of the treafury
of the United States of America. It
ties 10 miles weft of Albany, two miles
iwm the ScheneiSlady road ; and is one
of the moft decifivc efforts of private
cnterprife in the nianufaAoring Ime, as
yet exhibited in the United States. The
gbfs manufaAory is now fo well eftab-
Tilhed, and (b happily fituated for the
fupply oi the northern and wtftem
parta of the States of New- York, as well
as Vermont and Canada, that it is to be
expeCled the propritrtors v^ill be amply
rewarded foi' their great and expenhve
exertions. The glafs is in good repu-
tation. Here arc two glal's-hotifes, and
various other buildings, curious hydrau-
lic works to lave manual labour, by the
help of machinery. A copious ftream
runs through the heart of the fettlement
which lies high ) and ^«eing i'urrounded
hy pine plains, theair is highly falubii-
eus. The great Schoharie road ira-
V^fiiS Uw fettlcmeiit. A fpacieua
H A Hi
fchoel-houft, and a church of an vBk-
gou form are foon to be ere£led.
The entcrpriling proprietors of thi
Glafi and other works m this thriving
fettlement, were incorporated hy. the
Legiflatur; of New-York in the fpring
of 1 707 { by the name of " TBg Humif-
tom MenufaSdring SffcUy, which »6i,
has given a fpring to the works her*}
and authorifes a hu|>c that Ameicai
manufaAurcs may not only i'ubl«rvfc
the interefts Of our country but that
alio ot the proprietors.
In the neighb(.uihoud of thefe glafa
works, a bl< ck lA^as cut out of an an-
cient tree, not many years ago, contain-
ing evident marks of an axe or ibme
edge tool, made 185 years ago, deter-
mined according to the uiual and cer-
tain mode of aic>.rtaining the age of trees.
The block is preferved in Albany as 4
curiofity. Henry Hudfon aiccndcd the
river which bears his name, as high at
Albany, in the autumn ot 1609, itf
years ago, and thci'e marks were proba- ^
bly made by fome of his men. i
Hamilton, on Chalcur Bayj iei
Bemevetiture.
Hamilton Ford lies near the
mouth of Bullock's Creek in North-
Carolina. This was the route puriued
by Tarltton, after his defeat at Cow-
pens, in January, 1781.
Hamilton, adiflvi6l in the State of
Tennefl'ee, fituated on the waters of tht
Holfton and Clinch ; bounded Ibuth by
Tenneflee river, and (eparated from Me-
ro diftriA on the weft by an uninhabited
country. It contains the counties of
Knox, jeffcribn, filount, Sevier, and
Grainger.
Hamilton, a county of the N. W.
Territory, ere^ed Jan. a, 1790. *• be-
ginning on the bank of the Ohio river
at the confluence of the Little Miami {
and down the laid Ohio rivtr, to the
mouth of the Big Miami, and up faid
Miami to the ftanding Stone, Forks, or
branch of faid river } and thence .with d
line to be drawn due E. to the Little
Miami, :md down laid Little Miami ri-
ver to the place of beginning."
Hamilton, Fort, ftands on the
eaft fide of the Great Miami, in the N.
W. Territory} 15 miles Ibuth of Fort
St Clair, and 1 5 north of Cincinnati*
It is a ftockaded fort, capable nf con-
taining 100 men. The htuation is as
advantag^us for define^ as pleafmg to
the
wi
it I
go
HAM
Sek
the eye. It it built upon a mrrawneek
of land, commanding the Miami on tht
north-weft( and a prairie and flieet o{
w.iter on the north- eaft, about a mile
wide, and i4 miles long. The foil near
it i* rich and fertile ; and forage may be
got hy repeated mowinfjs of natural graft.
Hamilton, a port in the Bermuda
Iflandi.
Hammbl's Town, a town in Dau-
phine county, Penniylvania, five milet
n-om Sufquehannah river, and 85 from
Philadelphia. It contains a German
church, and about 3 5 dwelling houles.
HAMrorN Sydney CoLLEOB. See
Pritue Edward County, Firginia.
Hampshire, an exteniive, populous
and wealthy county in MalTachufetts,
made a (hire in i66t. It is in many
parts mountainous and hilly, and ex-
tends acrofs the ftate from ^ north to
foiith ; bounded north by the States of
New>Hamp(hire and Vermont, fouth by
the State of Connefticuf, eaft by Wor-
cefter county, and weft by Berkfhire.
It contains 60 townOiips, 9181 houfes,
!6f 7 families, and S9,'S8i inhabitants,
ts principal towns lie on both fides of
Connecticut river, which interfeCls it
from north to fouth. Thefe are Spring-
field, Weft-Springfield, Northampton,
Hadley, Hatfield, Deerfield, and North-
field. It it eenerallyof a fertile ibil, and
producet the neceflariet of life, and
fome of itt luxuriet in great plenty.
Hampshire, a county in Virginia,
bounded N. and N. W. by the Patcw-
ttiack river, which dividea it from the
State of Maryland. It is about 60 miles
long and 50 broad, and containt 7346
inhabitants, including 4 54 flaves. It is
well watered by Patowmack and its
fouth branch. Iron ore and coals have
been difcovered on the banks of lliis
river. Chief town, Romncy.
Hampstead, atown inRockingham
county, New-Hamp(hire, about 3omiUs
wefterly of Portfmouth. It was incor-
poratea in 174-9, ai>d contained in 1775,
768 iidiabitants } in 1790, 714.
Hampstbao, atownonJLong Ifland,
" New- York, nine milts eafterly of Ja-
maica, and a 3 miles eaftwaiti of New-
York city. In this town is an ex-
tenfive and remarkable plain, called
Hamffitad Plan, See Long IJtand.
Hampstead, a village in Georgia,
about four miles from Savannah, and
, about a mile from another village called
HAM flf
Hlghgate. The inhabitant! are garlflil-
ers, and fupply the town with
pot herbs, roots, fire.
Hampton, a town(hip in Wfaidhaift
county, Conneifticut, three miles nbfth-
enft of Windham, of which itwas fiMrm*
eriy a parifli, but lately incorporated.
Hampton, East, a townfliip i«
Hampfhire county, Maflfachufetts, con-*
•aining 457 inhabitants, and fituated 105
miles weii of Bofton. It was incorp»>
rated in 1785.
Hampton, H^ast, on the eaft cni .
of Long-Iftand, (New- York) a half (hire
town of Suffolk county. It has 3*69
inhabitants } and in it is Clinton Aca-
demy, wliich in 1795 had 9* ihidents.
Hampton, a townfhip on the fea-
coaft of New Hampfhire, pn the eaftem
fide q\' Rnckingham county, and called
iVinicumtt by the Indians. It was fet-
tled under MalTachufetts, and incorpo-
rated in 1638. In 1775 >* contained 86s
inhabitants, and in 1790, 85 3. It is is
or 14 miles S. byW. of Portfmouth,
and eight ^S. R. of £xeter. In 1791,
a canal was cut through the marfhes in
this town, which opens an inland navi-
gation from Hampton through Salifbury
into Merrimack river, for about eight
miles ; loaded boats may pafs through
it wirh ea(e and i'a&fy.
Hampton Falls, a (ball town
taken from the above town, lying on the
road which'leads from Exeter to New-
bury-Port, fix miles fouth-eafterlyof the
former, and eight northerly of the latter*
In 1775 >' contained 645, and in 1790,
541 inhabitants. It was incorporated
in 1712.
Hampton, a townlhip in the north-
em part of Wafhington county, New-
York, having Skeenfboi'ough on the
weft. It has 463 inhabitants, of whom
^ 107 are ele6lors.
Hampton, the capital of Elizabeth
county, in Virginia, aifba poit of entry
and poft-town, fituated at the head of a
bay which runs up north from the mouth
of James river, called Hampton Road, 5
miles norf h-weft of Point Comfort. It
contains about 30 houles, an epifcopal
church, a coiin-houfe and gaol. The
value of its exports of grain, lumber,
ftaves, frc. amounted to 4it997 dollars
in one year, ending September 30, 1794.
This town was anciently called Kecougb-
ton by the Indians. It is 18 miles N.
of Norfolk, »a S. E. of York- Town,
93
■ ,1 ■ ^ - I I . :".':*'!'1^2m
ISO
HAN
c] E. S. E. of Richmoiul, and X05 W.
^y S. of PhUaatlpliia.
Hancock's Harbour, called by
the Indians Clioquot, is fituatcd about
«o leagues E, S. E. of Nootka, in N.
hu 4>8t io. weti long, from Green-
wich 1 a 5> a6. The entrance of this
harbour is about 5 miles in length, and
has eooci anchorage } about it are feat-
t«red a nmnbcr of iflands, and Itveral
fand -banks or fpits. It has alio a num-
ber of fine coves. The land round the
hairbour is generally uneven, rocky and
mountainous { covered however with
pine, fir, r|>rnce, cedar, hemlock, cy^trefs
and other trees of a remarkable fize.
The climate here is much milder than
in the fam^ latitude on the eadern fide
of the contiiitnt}, the froft in winter
being feldoni fo levere as to prevent
vegetation. An eafterly wind is con*
£dercd here as a prognoftic of a fiorm,
and weft winds brine fair, weather.
Deer, racoons, wolves, bears, fquirrels,
martins, land otters,beaver and wild-cats
are the animals which inhabit die forelis.
The amuhibibus animals are the com-
moa feal, and the fea- otter. The ficin
of the latter is very valuable. The in-
habitants are faid to be cannibals. This
and other plac;:s of the fame name have
their apptliation in honour of the late
Governor Hancock, of Maflaciniictts.
Hancock, a river of Wafliington
ifland, on the N. W. coaft of North-
America, called Majheet by the Indians,
difcovered by Captain Croweil in 1791.
It empties into the i'ea from the north
end of the Inrgeft ifland. At its mouth
it is nearly two and an half nautical
miles wide; and a confiderable fize 10
miles up. It has at its mouth five fa-
thoms water, gradually increafing in
breadth j and for 7I miles up, to Goolc
Ifland, has not lefs than ten fathoms.
Captain Ingniiiani examined it about
12 miles i hut by the information of the
intives, he judged thnt it communicates
with SkitikiAi Bay, or near it, on the
eaft fide of the ifiands. It is by far the
niol^ eligible for a new fettlement, of
any place the Captain had feen on the
coatt. The land is low and apparently
very fertile ; and the river abounds with
falmon. Were a gootl howfe creeled on
fome of the pkafant Ipots it would have
every appearance of being long fettled.
Beautiiul bufhes and grafs occupy the
&iri$ of the woods.. The mouth of the
HAN
river is in north lat. 54. 7. weft
long, 131. 5*.
Hancock, a townfliip m Addifoa
county, Vermont.
Hancocic, a large nuiitime cpiiDty
of the Dilh'ifi of Maine, bpunded N.
by Lower Canada, S. by the ocean,
E. by Wafliington county, and W.
by Lincoln coun'y. It is 190 miles long
from north to fbuth, and nearly 60
broad. It contains s4 towiffliips and
plantations ;. of which Penobl'cot and
CalUne are (he chief. The number of
inhabitants is greatly increafed fince
179Q. At that time there were 954.9
foulii. It is remarkably well watered
by Pcnohfcot river ai\u its l)ranches.
Union river, and other fmall ftrsams.
The northern part of the county fends
its waters in one fiream from numerous
branches, in a N. E. courfe to St. John's
river. On the fea-coall are many har-
bouis and in'ets, hid by a multitude of
fertile ifiands; the largcft of tbefe in
a S. W; direfiion from Gold(boro\i£h,
are Mount Defart, Swanl'fies, Vinal Ha-
ven, Haut ITe, Deer, and Ifieiborough j
all fituated in Penobi'cot Bay. Great
part of the country is yet uul'ettled. The
towns »long the fea-coaft, and on the
banks of Pcnobfcot and Union rivers,
are the moii: fertile and populous. Cai-
tine is the fiiirc town. Sec Maine and
Pemhfiet.
Hancock, a townfiiip in Lincoln
county, Maine, embofomed by the ]Cen-
nebeck and Seballicook rivers, boupdeit
N. W. by Canaan, and 7 miles nprth o('
the confluence of the two rivers. It con-
tains 178 inhabitants.
Hancock, a townfhip in Hillfborough
county, Nevv-liampdiire, fituated be-
tween two wcfiern branches of Contoo-
cook river, i>\. miles ealt of Kecne, and
between 60 and 70 W. by S. of Portf-
mouth. It was incorporated in 1779,
and contains 634 inhabitants.
Hancock, a long, narrow and moun-
tainous townftiip on the New- York^ line,
in Beikdiire county, Mafiacnufetts,
having the towns of Lanefborough and
Paitridgefield on the northward, and
Pittsfield on the S. It was incorpo-
rated in 1776, has isii inhabitants,
and lies 20 miles N. by W. o^' I^enox,
and 150 W. of fioflon.
Hancock, a fmall pufl-towu of Ma-
ryland, fituatcil in Wafliington county,
on the N. bank of Fatuwiuack river,^
between
ft AM
fjetween Condowy and Little Conolowy
creekt, about 15 milrs 6. E. of Bedford
in Pennfylvania, 34. N.E. of Old Tov/n
In Maryland, and 119 N.W. of Balti-
more.
Hancock, a new coimty in the up-
per diliri6l of Georgia.
Ha N N AH Bay ffo«/>» a faA6ry of the
Hudfon't Bay Company, at the ibuth
end of James* Bay in North- America,
arid on the eaftem fide of Harricnnaw
river, 45 itiiie* E. by S. of Moofe Fort,
and 1 8 below a houle on the fame river.
HANNAH*i-TowN,in WcftmorelaiHl
county, Pennfylvania, 4 miles N. N.E.
of Green(b\irg, and^ on the road from
Bedford to Pittfburgh; 54 miles N.W.
by W. of the former, attd 16 eaft of the
latter.
Hannibal, a military townfliip in
the Stare of New- York, on Lake Onta-
rio, 10 miles S. by W. of Fort Ofwego.
Hanover, a bay in the feaof Hondu-
ras, fitnated on the E. fide of the |)enln-
I'ula of Yucatan, from whieli it receives
the waters of the Rio Honde. The
traft of land between the river Honde
and the Balizs was ceded by tlie Spa-
nifli king to the king of G.eat-Britain,
at the peace of. 175^3, tor the purpofe
.of cutting and carrying away logwood.
See Bahia de Chetumat.
Hanover, a town/hip in Luzerne
county, Pennfylvania. Alfb a townfliip
in Wafliington county. Eaft and Weit
Hanover, are z townftiips in Dauphine
county in the fame State.
Hanover, or M^AlliJttr^S'Ttwn, a
poft>town in York county, Ptnrtfylva-
nia, Htuated between Cadorus creek,
and a branch of Little Conewago, ;!;!ch
fibws into the Sufquehannah. It con-
tains nearly 30o.dwelling houfes, and a
German and Lutheran church. It is 7
miles north of the Maryland line, 18
miles S. W. of York, and 106 W. by
S. of Philadelphia.
Hanover, a townfhip in Plymouth
county, Maflachufctts, 15 miles S. E.
from Bofton; was incorporated in 17x7,
.and contains 1083 inhabitants.
Hanover, a po(t.town of New-
HampQiirc, Tituated on the eaft fide of
Connefticat river in Grafton county.
Dartmouth College^ in this town, is
fituated on a beautiful plain, about
half a mile, from the river, in 43. 43.
N. lat. and in 7a. 14. W. long, from
Greenwich. It derives its titme from
11 A JJ
Hi
William, Earl of Dartmonth, oik of its
jirincipal benefa6lors, and was rounded
in the year 1 769 by the late Dr. Eieater
Wheelock. The funds of the collc^^s
confift chiefly of lands, amounting to
about 80,000 acres, which ire increaling
in value in pr portion to the gtttwth of
the counti'v} i ,it)o tctn lie eontiguoat
to the college I -and arenpahle of the
hell imj^roremenif ; ia,Ooo lie in Vei'->
mont. A tra£l of 8 miles fquare was
granted by the aflembly of New Ham(>*
mire in 1789. The rc/enue of th^ col-
lege, arifing from the landfs) in i793»
amounted annually to £. 140. By con-
tra6ls then made, they would amount, itt
four years after, to ^•450) and in is
years to £.^$0' '^^^ income from tui.
tion is about ^.600 per annum, llie
number of under-graduates ii, on an
average, from f 50 to 1 8e^ A grammar
fchool of about 50 or 60 fcholan is an-
nexed to the college. The ftudents
are imder the immediate government
and inftru6lion of a prefident, who is
alfoproicflbr of hiftory, a profeflbr of
mathematics and natural phtlofbphy, «
profeiTor of languages, and two tutors.
The college is tumiflied with ahandfome
library and a philofophicaT apparatus to-
lerably complete. A new college edifice
of wood, 150 by JO feet, and three (Kwitt
high, was erefted in 1786, containing 36
rooms ibr ftudents. Its iituation is ele-
vated, healthful and pleafant, command-
ing an extenfive proljwft to the weft.
There are three other public build*
inos, belonging to the college, and a
handfome congregational meeting houfe -
has lately been erefted, in which the
commcncemertt cxercifes are exhibited.
It is 31 miles N. of Charleftown, 115
N. W. by W. of Poitfmouth, 13S N.
W. of Bofton, and 378 N.E. by N. vf
Philadelphia.
Hanover, a townft..p in Morris
county, New-Jerfty. In a ridge of hills
in this townfhip are a number of wells^
+0 miles fVora the fea in a ftraight line,
which regularly ebb and flow about 6
feet twice in every 14 hours . It is about
16 m\lis N.W. of Elizabeth-Town, and
joins upon Morriftown.
Hanover, a cotmty of Virginia, ly-
ing between Phmunky and Chlckahomi-
ny river Its length is about 48 miles,
and its jreadth ix ; and contains 14^,54
inhabitants, indudrng 8,123 fliiies^-'Ic
abounds with lime-ftone» • ---■•-
Hanover,
1
H AR
HAVOVIty a tmai\ town of Virg^in!*,
«f th* above cuimty, fituarcd on the W.
fide of thi Faoiunkyi in which U an
■cada m y* It ia tk mika from New-
OiiUa, aa M. E. by E. of Richmond,
tad tae ILN.W. of WaOiington cit).
HAJTaf a ooimty of Nova-Motia, b«-
gimiog about )e milca tirom Halifax,
containa the townfttip of Wintllbr, Pal-
month, and Newport i fcvcral vuluabU
trafia remain unfettM. The road ti-om
Balifn nina pact of the way between
Windier and NcMrport, and hat I'ettlc
mcnta on it at finall lUftanccs. The
county i* about to miles t'quare, and ia
well watered. The rivers St. Croix,
Kenctcoot, and Coemigucn empty into
the Aveo« and are all navigable except
the laft. The Caeaguet and Cobeguit are
navigabl(i4o milea for vefleU of 60 tons.
H At Alt, 4 fmall iflands among the
Friendly lOea, in the South Tea.
llAB.DlNt a new county in the State
of ICentocky, bounded N.£. hy Wafti-
ington and lincoln, N. W. and W. by
Nelfon and Greene, and S. £. by Logan
oountira.
Hardwick, a townfli'p in Caledonia
county, in Vermont.
Hardwick, atownAiipin Worcefter
county, Maflashufetts, 15 miles N. W.
cf Worcefter, and 70 S. W. of B<A\oa.
It ia fcparated from New-Braintree
and Ware by Ware river. There are
within thia taftm 145 hoolet, 1715 in-
habitanta, 5 com and 4 law milU, and
two clothiera* wwka.
Hardwick, a townfliip in Suflex
count}', Ncwojerfey, nearly xoi miles
8.W. of Newton.
Hardwick, a fmall town of Geor-
gia, at the mouth of Ogecchee river, and
abuvtl f,8 miles S. by W. of Savannah.
It haa lately been made a port of entry.
HARDV,acounty of Virginia, hound.
ed north by Hampfture. It is about 60
miles lougk and 40 in breadth, and con-
tains 7336 inhabitants, including 369
flaves. Chief town, Mooriifid.
HAlbDYSTON, a townfhip in Suflex
county, NeWrJetley, containing 1393
inhabitants, including a 6 (laves.
HaRB Say» a large bay ou the eall
coift^ Newfbanr'.dndv
Harb btdtOHs inhaWit near M'Ken-
gle^a river iu the N.W. part of North-
America.
Harpord CTenff, in Maryland, is
Wunded N. by Yotk connty in PeW'
H A R
(ylvinia ) E. by Su quebannnh rifer andl
Chefapeak Bay. The chief watcra
within the county iie BmAi river andl
Dcerceeek) on which art- lA mills of
different kinds. On the former and its
hranchM are tiM towns of Harford, Ab-
ington,Coo|)rtown, and Belle- Air. The
other towns are Havre de Gras at the
mouth of SuCquehannah, and Joppa be-
low the forks of Oimnowder.
It coittains I4,97<( inhabitants, inclu<
(I'tg 3<^> 7 flaves. Chief town, Bella*
Air.
Harpord, or Bu^tawitf'yn Harford
county, Maryland, lies tt the bead ul
the tide waters of Bufli river, betweei^
Binam's aiKl James's runs { the former
feparating it from Abington. It haa
few houfes, and is falling to decay fmco
the coorta of jul^iee have been removed
to Belle-Air. It is nine miles S. E. of
Belle- Air, and as N.E. by E. of Bald-
more.
Harlim, atowndtip in Lincoln coun-
ty, Maine, incorporated in 1 796. It waa
formerly called Jameses PlatitatioH.
Haribm, or £4;^ Unvr, a river which
connr£ts Long-Illand Sound with Norths
or Hudlbn River, and forma Yoi'k-
Ifland.
Harlem, a divifion of New-Yoric
county iu the northern part of York>
Illand, which contains (03 inhabitants,
including 189 Haves. The village of
its name Ihmds 9 miles northerly of
New- York city, and 4 S.W. of Weft.
Chefter. It is oppofite to the weft end
of Hell Gate.
Harman's Station, in Kentucky, ia
a ^t on the eatt fide of the weft branch
of Big Sandy river. On the oppofite
fide of this branch ia tlie Great Salt
Spring. Harroan's Station is about ao
miles S. of Vancouver's fort.
Harmar, a well conftruAed fort in
fhe N.W. Territory, fituated at the
mouth of the Muflcingum. It has 5 baf-
tions, and 3 cannon mounted, and is
garrifoned by 4 companies. It is con-
veniently fituated to reinforce any of
the pods up or down the river Ohio*
The place is remarkably healthy.
Harmony, a village m Luzerne coun-
ty, Penniylvania, dofe on the line of
New- York, on the north fide of Sta-
rucca creek, a water of the K. branch of
Sufquehannah river. Between this and
Stockport on Delaware river, diftant 18
milea £•$*£• that it a portage. It is
about
\
HAR
•)K>ut 140 miles N. by W. of Piiili4«lr
phU, and 130 N.W of N«w-York. N.
ut. 41. s*>
Harpath. a rmall boauble river in
Tenneflce, which, after a N. N. W.
courte ot about 40 miiei»falU into Cum-
berland river, 19 mile* N. W. of tiiUk-
ville.
HARriESFiELD, « townftiip InOtre-
go county, in New-Yoric, bounJed S.
W. by Unadilla townthipt and 1 1 mile*
6. E. of Cooperftowi) { 1 55 of its inha-
bitants are cUdurs. Through this town
runs the great poft-road from Kudlbn
to Williamfburgh, 6a milu weft of
Hudfon city.
Harple, a townfhip itl Delaware,
county, Pcnnlylvania.
Harfswk ll, a towndkip in Cumber-
land county* diltriA of Maine, incorpo-
rated In 1 7 58, and contains 1 07 1 inhabit-
ants. It is bounded eafterly by Qeorge-
town } from which it is feparatcd by. a
navigable river. The people here are
opening a communication by a canal
between the waters of Kennubcck river
and thoi'e of Cafco Bay, through the
arm of the fea tailed Stevtns's river.
The jKjint called Merryconcag, pro-
jcAing itfelf into the bay together with
the illand Sehalcodeagan, aivl (cveral
other fmall iflaiuls, are incorporated
and form this townfliip. The waters
round this iAand extena to within two
miles of the waters of tlie Kennebeck,
and thus form what is called Small Point.
Harrinotom, a townfhip in Bergen
cpunty, New-Jerfey.
Harrinotom, a thriving town in
Lincoln co. diftrift of Maine, at the
head of the tide waters on the Kenne-
beck river, three miles N. of Hallowell,
of which, till its incorporation in 1797,
It was. a part, and known by the name
€^ For: WejUrn, Veflels of 100 ton*
afcend the river to this town. The
judicial courts for the county are held
alternately in this town, and at Pownal-
borough. Tiiere is here acourt-houfe,
and goal . A bridge is about to be ereA-
cxi upon the Kennebeck, oppolite old
Fort WbftLTn. Several merchants and
traders are fettled here, and carry on a
brilk commerce with the back country.
The townibip contains 36,000 acres of
land, and about 1000 inhabitants. N.
lat. 44. .15.
HARRisBtiRO, a poft-town, and the
capital oi Oau^hiuccouptyi Pcnniyiva-
HAft
MS
nim la fittMMd ois tht N. B. ^Mk •!
Sufquthaonah rivet. It it laid oM racis-
larly, and containa about yt» \m&i%
of which feveral are Mat and cowMai.
cnt I forao of brick and othan of Aom,
In 1 7S9, it contained 1 30 houfiec.a ioiaft
gaol, and a German chuich. At tkat
feriod it had been fettled about ^yoan.
t is >07 milts W. N. W. of PhiladeU
Shia, 5) W. S. W. of Raading, aad r^
;, N. E. of Cariifle. N. Im. 40. si.
H A RRi so N, a townfliip in WeiA> Cbefl
ter county. New- York, containinff 1004
inhabitants { of whom 115 ara ekdorst
juid 54 flavaa.
Harrison, a conatv in tht weflcm
part of Virginia, bouwicd N. by. Ohia
county, N, E. by Monongalia, 8. hf
Oreenbriar, and 8. W. by Kcnhawi.
Its length is about lao milea* its breadth
80 I and the number of inhabitanta
s,oSo, including 67 (Uvea. Chief town>
Clarklburg.
Harrison, a new cminty in the N.
E. part of the State of Kentucky, N. of
Bourlxm.
Harrodsb uRO« or K«rr9dfivumt a.
iwft-town in Mercer county, Kentucky^
at the head of Salt river, which con-
tains about 10 houfes, and ia 10 miles S.
W. of Danville, 30 S. by W. of Frank-
fort, and 8s 5 S. W. of Philadelphia.
Hartford, a townfliip in Wituiror
county Vermont, on Connecticut river,
opponte the town of Lebanon, in New.
Hampfliire. It contains 988 inhabitants.
Hartford, a townfliip on the eaft
bank of Qeneflire river, in New- York.
State, 40 miles W. of Geneva, and 67
S. E. by E. of Fort Niagara.
Hartford,, a fertile and populous,
though hilly county, in ConneA^ctit,
bounded N. by the State of Maflachu-
fetts ; S. by part of MiddleCcx and
New- Haven counties} E. by Tolland,
and W. by Litclifield county. It is
about 34 miles from N. to S. aitd its
grcateft breadth from £. to W. is 3a
miles. It is divided into 1 5 townfliips,
and contains 28,019 inhabitants, ii>clud>
ing 163 (laves. Chief town^ Hartford
city.
Hartford City^ the capital of Con>
neflicut, liesi on tiie weft bank, of Con-
ne^icut river, in the county and town-
fliip of its own name, 50 miles north-,
wefteily trom t|ie mouih of the river, at
Saybrook Bar, in Long Ifiand Sound }
aq4 ^U« i^ the tide fls^i. 1 he town-.
%
mm
'mmm'
±H M A ft' '
ftliu^it 6 aiiUn iqnare, hoandtfct N. by
Wihdlbr,N E.byEaft-Wimllbr.W. by
FanniiM[tan, 7.. by Eaft-Hartford» S. £.
by Glaftenbury, and S. by Wethersfield.
The town is divided by a fmall Itreaitt
enilcd Little Riref, with hi|;h romantic
bonkstover which is a bridge connecting
the two divifionft of the town. The
<ihy is regiilarlytaid out, the ftreets in-
terleAing eachother at right angles. Its
buildings are«n elegant ftate-houre,late]y
boilt» s churches for Congregationalifts,
1 for EpifcopalianS) and between 400
and 50P dweiling-houfes { a' number of
which are handlbraely built with brick.
The mhabltants anKnint to upwards cf
4»ooo. A bank was incorporated in
i79«,with 100,000 dollars capital, niim ■
beroffliaicssso. >The corporation have
the povTr to extend their capital to
500,00a dollars. A woollen manufac-
tory was eftablilhed here ?.ud encourag-
ed by the State, but has not fucceeded.
The town is advantageonfly fituated for
trade, has a fine back country, enters
larsely into the manufa^uring bufinels,
and is a rich, floui'ifhing, commercial
town.
This town was firfr fettled in the year
1636, by Mr. Haynes and Mr. Hooker,
who, with their adherents, removed from
Maffachufetrs. The Dutch had then a
trading houle at the confluence of Mill
and Connefticu*: rivers. They foon re-
linquJOiedthefettlement, and their lands
were confifcated by a commifHon from
the Commonw .'alth of England in 1653.
A point of hud, which formed part of
their poffefllotis, U ftill called Dutch
Po'iit. It is 40 'lies N. £. by N. of
New-Haven, 55 N. W. of New-Lon-
don, ii(j.S. W. ofBofton, 118N. E.of
New- York, «2 3 N. E. of Philadelphia,
501 from Richmond, 376 from Wafh-
ington city, io«.4 from Auguda, and
1018 from Frankfort in Kentucky. N.
Jat. 41 44. W. lorif;. 70. 4.
H .RTLAND, a townfhip of Connefti-
t;:,thenorth.eaflenimoft in Litchfield
county.
Hartland, a townrtiip in Windfor
county, Vermont, fituated oti the vveft
bank ot Connefldtt nver, 11 miles be-
low the 15 mile ^-ails.
Hapvard, a townfhip In the eaftem
part c 4 Worcester county, Malfachuletts,
« 3 miles W. E. of Wcrcelter> and 55
north-cafterly uf Bofton. It was incor-
^/orated in ]7}2|bythisnamc, in honour
HAT
ot tiie founder of Harvard UrtiViKity !rt'
Cambridge. It has 1400 inhabitants*
Harvard University. SctCam^
HAR WiCHi a townfhip on Cape Cod«
in Bamftable to. Maflachu^crtts^ Ivin^
between Yarmouth and Chatham; about
8S miles S. E. ofBofton, containing S3qz
inhabitants. It extends quite acrofs the
cape, which is here about 6 miles over.
Tneir marine bufmefs lies chiefly in the
fifliery. I'he remains of the Indians of
this townihip are only 6 or 7 fouls.
The live at Potanumaquut.
Harwich, a townfhip in Rutland
county, Vermont) containmg i65;inhao
bitants. ' :^' i
Harwington, & poft-town of C6i\^>
ne6ticut, in Litchfield county. Smiles'
E. of Litchfield, aiui 14 W. by N. of
Hartford.
Hatborovgh, a fmall town in
Montgomery county, Pennfylvania, fitu-
ated on the N. £. fide of Pannepac!:
Creek, which runs into Dela\. ore river
about 5 miles above Frankfort. It con^>
tains about so houfes. -^
Hatcha Cones. See Pearl River J^^
Hatchi. See Pearl Rhier,
Hatchy, a navigable river in the
State of TennefTce, runs wefterly into
the MifTifippi, about 19 miles N. of
Wolf river, and is about 80 yards wide
7 miles from its mouth.
Hatfield, a very pleafant town in
Hampfhire county, Maflachufetts, fituat-
ed on the weft bank of a bend of Con*
ne^icut river wher«r it is 80 rods wide,
5 miles north of Northampton, and
too weft of Bofton. It lies chiefly
on one ftreet, and contains J03 houles,
and 703 inhabitants. Here are two
ferries on Connefticut river ; the one to
Hadley, the other to Amherft. North
of the ferry to Amherft, the river meets
with a bed of rocks, which lefTens its
breadth 20 or 30 rods — no fall, but a
large eddy at high water.
Hatteras is the moft , remarkable
and dangerous cape on the coaft of N.
America. This point extends far into
the ocean, from the coaft ot N. Carolina,
in 35. 15. N. lat. The water is very
fljoal at a great diltance from the cape,
which is remarkable for fudden fqualls
of wimi, and for the moft fcvere ftorms
of thunder, lightnmg, and rain, which
happen almoft cveiy day, during one
half the year. At the tiinc of Sii- Wal-
ter
•^H
HAT
tcr Raleigh** ;ipproachtng tHU coaft,
the (hoals in the vicinity of Hatterav
were found i'o dangerous, fo extenfive.
and fo fliallow, many of them covertxl
with not, more than 5 or 6 feet water,
that no veflels, in that latitude, ventured
^vithin 7 leagues of the land. -
At preient the out-lhoals, which lie
about 14 miles S. W. of the cape, are
but of 5 or 6 acres extent, and where
they are really dangerous to veflels ef
modei-ate draught, not above half that
extent. On the Aioaleft part of thefe
is about 10 feet at low water} and
here, at times, the ocean breaks in a
tremendous manner, fpouting, as it were,
to the clouds, from the violent agitation
of the Gulf Stream, which touches the
eaftern edge of tlie banks, from which
th; declivity is fudden, tiiat is to fay,
from 10 fathoms to no foundings. On
the fpot above mentioned, wiiich is
firmfand, it ha4 been the lot of many a
good veffel to firike, in a gale of wind,
and go to piecei. In moderate weather,
however, .thele* flioals may be paflTcd
over, if necefliiry, at full tide, without
much danger, by veflels not draw-
ing more than 8, 9, or 10 feet water.
From this bank, formerly of vaft ex-
tent, and called the Full Moon Shoal, a
ridge nms the whole diftance to 'lie
cape about a N. W. courfe, h about
half a mile wide, and at low water has
generally, 10, 11 and iz feet water.
There are gaps at equal intervals, af-
fording channels of about 15 or 16 feet
water. The moft noted of thefe is a-
bout a mile and a half iVom the land,
and is at leaft two miles and a half
wide, and might at full fea be fafely
pafltfd by the largeft (hips } hut is rare-
ly ufed except by coafting veflels. It
may be ealily known by a range of
breakers always feen on the weft fide,
and a breaker head or two on the eaft-
ern fide 5 which, however, are not fo
conftant, only appearing when the fea
*s confiderably agitated. A little north
of the cape is good anchoring in 4 or 5
fathoms j and with the wind to the weft-
ward, a boat may land in fafcty, and
evfn bring off caflts of frefti water,
plenty ot which is to be found every
where on the beach, by cUgging a foot
or two, and putting a barrel into the
fand.
Hatton's Ford, on Tugcio ri-
ver, a visage 16 mile, from Pendleton
court-hpuie, in S. Carolina, and 17 lirom ^
Franklin court-houfe, in Ocolgia. .v.<a
Havt Isle is the fouthcrnmoft of ^
the large iflamls in Penobfcot Bay, in
Lincoln county, diftriA of Mr.ine.
Havannah, aftrongly fortified fea- >
port, town, on the northern fide of the '
ifland of Cuba, capital of the ifland, 19X
miles almoftdire£llyS. of Cape Florida,
and confcquently commands the gulf
of that name. Its great ftrength, im* .
portance, and happy fituation, ocMfioa
It to be called the key of the^ Weft- In-
dies. It is famous for it* harbpur, which ^
is ib large that it may hold 1000 veflelsa
and yet the mouth is io narrow that
only one fiiip can enter at a time. Thia
is the place where all the (hips that,
come from the SpanUh fetrleinents ren-.^
dezvous on their return to Spuin. The
entrance into the harbour is well defend-
ed by forts and platforms of great
guuii. The i-own, fituated on the weft
fide of the harbour, contains above aooo
houfes with a great number of rich
ciiurches and convents. It is a place of
great commerce ^ the refideiice of the,
governor of the ifland, 'ond other royal
officers, the bi(hop of St. Jae;o, and moft
men of fortune belo'ieing to the ifl tnd.
It: was taken by the Britifli in i* 761, but
rcftored to tlie Spaniards by the treaty
of peace in 176^. It is 30 miles W.of
the town of Santa Cruz, and 54 miles
from Cape bed. N. lat, 13. it. W.
long, 82. \%,
Ha VERFoRD, a townfhip in Delaware
county, Pennfylvanta.
Haverhill, a poft-tpvyn of New-
Hampfliire, and the capitaf of Grafton
county, fituated on the taf fide of Con-
neflicut river, in Lower C)os. It has
lictween 40 and 50 com'^af^ houfes, a
well conftnifted court- liciiftr, and a con-
gregational church. This townfliipwas
incorporated in 1763, ar.d contains 55a
inhabitants. In it is ^ bed of iron ore,
which has yielded feme profit to the
proprietor, alfo a quarry of free-ftone,
fit for hearths and chimney pieces. It
has alfo a fulling-mill, an oil-mill, and
many other excellent mill- feats. It is
oppofite to Newbury in Vermont, 35
mites aboveD^rtmuutii college,! 1 9 inilea
N. W. of Portfmouth.
Haverhill, a handionie poft-towa,
of MaflTachufetts, in Eflex county, fitu-
ated on the N. fide of Mvrrimack ri-
ver, acref* which is an elegant bridge,
P coDne£lw>g
•it RAW HE is
«|» tmmf *M }4 #ide. It ku ; ft«m Fortfinouth, was iwc M l p ui Wed i»
■ i<he i , rfti»fcit<Mrth> fepporMd by t7<o,aiMlcontttiicdiB 97^^ s^4><«iA
Aone jpierit 4^ feet fettsre ; in 1790, 4.M inlnbitnit*.
' * Ha#kims, a county fai WafliinetMi
diftnft, ittTeraidfee, laving" «,57U in-
luibitant«^inclufiveofffo7fla^. CVkS
tmMi» Ro^fvfRe.
HAWitnn Cmrt-fmfit in Tenneffte,
It s5mik8firomFiv«-ftoneGap,74fibm
Abingdon, md tj% inm Danville in
Kentucky.
If AWK's^AY, on the coaftof Weft-
Florida, w/.ftward of the mouth of Mo^
bile Ba^;» is between Pelican aiuTDau-
Dbin iflands. There il a broad channel
«»f f I an J t% ftet water, afterwardt fafe
anchora*^ in 4 fathoms^ gootf holding
ground , and Iheltered from mdl wkids ;
on wh'ch account it it very convenient
%r fridl ve&It.
FawkeVHarbovr it an arm of
Igomachoijc Bay, Newfoundland Ifland.
Hawley; a townftipin Hampihire
county, Mafikchufettt, i»o miles wefter^
ly of Bofton. Previous to its incorpora4
tton in 179s. it was called Ptmtatm
If&i 7, and had 539 inhabitants. It it
#
aUbadffe#of cricet, ovei^the ciiannel
dFilferiwr. llMtriini baeacenfidera-
Ue u^nd trade, lyiDgabdttt jt miles
HwlyW.of Bo<Kw, andismtlet from
NawMry |NM ii, ais tile nwtB of 'die river,
ttd ilboirt t» 8. W. of Pdrtfittoath in
Vki^UmifMn* It Ikt thidfy upon
t«» fiBctaj ikk Mtecipal of which
nmapiraficlwil^aerivdr. Veffeitof
t«»«MtolMMdientaiigo«ip(oit. Tn
vdkrt wfe imeiswilhfliei^rantneliiof
tMafltuatiMi aad'amHnberofneatand
vHil fiaiflMd hovfts g^ it an air of ele*
gteec . Here are two churches, one
tar Goi^rmtiM«Hft»« and one for Bap-
dlfe« s diiillerie#, <mw of which hat
laiely widergone a laudable trtnfmuta*
t&iliiM»attr«wery. Some vetitels sic
aiWMiBHy Miilt here, and feveral are em.
pk^ in the Weft-India trade. A
■tantfiaftory of ^ rail-cloth was begun
here in 1719, and is fatd M be in a pro-
nii&igway. The trade of tlut place,
however, is coafiderably left than before I
tie revoihition. The whide townfliip
coatsaiac 530 faouftti aiad a,4o8 inhabit
tantSk
Mavbrstkaw Bay, called by Tome
BtowfijfMOT, in Hudlbn's river, 38 miles
above New. York city, fpreads 8. of
StoHy Point, and before the town of its
own name, ia 10 miles long and about t
vride.
HATfiMTRA w,Btownfliip in Orange
ceuty,ll<w..York, fituated on the W.
fide of the above bay, 35 mitet N. of
New. York city. It contains 4,8f6 in-
liAitaiits, of vrir.n 98 art qualified
cle9iai«,and %■»,% flavea.
HAvai DB GBACB,or Grac, a poft.
town and port of entiy in Harford coun*
ty, Maryland, on the W. fide of Sofque.
haimah river, at its mouth in Chefapeak
Bay. It contains about 40 houies, S50
inluiHitants, and is the pott of entry tor
all the fliores oi Chefapeak Bay abovt:
Turkey Point. It is 6 miles W. by S.
ofCharUHtto«n in Cecil cotiiity, 37 N. E.
of Baltimore, and 65 W.S. W. of Phi-
ladelphia. M' lat. 39. 79.
Haw, a water of Cajw ttav wliich
imitet with Deep river. It may Ix; ren>
deretl navii'^bl. tur $0 miks. bee SaX'
mwiCE, ^ u^nfliip 'il jlo^Eing am
compofed of parts of feveral adjoitiintf
towns, and is about so miles N* W. ot
Northampton.
Haycocks, a fin^l ille in Delaww*^
river, about 7 miles below Eafton in
Nxthampton county, Pennfylvania.
Haye'sIsland, afmalliflandof New
South Wales formed by the rivers Nei-
fon and Hayes. At the mouth of Nel-
fon river ftands Fort York | which, at
well at Ndfon river, it called Bbnrbonv
by the French.
Kayne's Fobt, Colonel, isffituat«r
cd in Nelfon connty, Kentticky, on the
norfh fide of Green river, »5 miles weft
of\ ig's Fort, and 53 from the Ohio.
Heath, a townihip in Hampfliir';
cotuity,Maflachufetts,containing 379 in-
habitants. It was incorporated in 1 78 j,
and is 115 miles N. W. of Botion, and
about i 8 miWsN.N. W. of Northampton.
H e B R O N , a town in Cumberland coun-
ty, Maine, fitnated on the N. B* fiie tit
Little Androfcoggin, was incorporated in
179a. Iti8 35miletN. by W. of Port-
land.
Hebron, a townfltip in Waflmtgtmt
county, New-YcN'k, confatniiM; 1^03 in*
haWitunts, of whom 414 are eIc£lors.
Hebron, a tow< ihib m Tolland coun-
ty, C«an«^«ut, fettitd in i7<34 f>'on»^
Northampton^
/•'
ifliingtott
170310*
£iort.
iid coun-
041 from^
iBttm Mbftxirtkr&ttai #«»
]«▼« by JoOiua, fiKhem of tbe MUw-
mm niStt itt tiii'h* «uifcaiid.«efainfent.
l«nk«iberN«(M> IbAaoon ahd OJaOcfii-
Wis aboitt tt>mik« S»^B»of Hartfordi^
and vft fiMii of ToUxndi
Jftmoih- » Mifravktt ftttlenient ia
Fbinrjtbranfa^ i.«inile>ftoinlatii» which
St 70. miles northerly of Philadelphia.
Tllf 'fttilMiient braati in b757«
HhOfTOR,. a miutaiy toividhip/inithe
Statwof New-York, 00 thr eaft fide df.
SoneBa Lake Mwank the (buch eai,.
havturO^ldoffthe nosiii and NewtMvn
lAwnwip «n the Amth^ and' ay mika &
bjr W^of the feny en Cayuga iakiBi,
HBiDBbSER'G^ a.Mora7iaa fettleitient
in Pfenn^vania, begun ih 174.}) fituat*
cd a4> miltt from Lidz^ which ia in
Warwick townfitip,. HiancaAer ociinty*
}Ikit>«L*ERiG, a handfi>me towtt in
Dauphine coimt-yv FhiafyLTania* oon>
taimng about 100 houfer and two Grer*
man diuithea for Lutherana and Cal>
viniftt{ one of the churchea it a hand-
fbmcftonc' building. Itia)3,milet E.
%f N. of Harriftmr, and 74 N. W. hj
W. of yhiladelpltia. Then are two
o«her tovraflrips of thia name in the
State, the one in York county, the other
in that of Northampton.
Hbioht OF Land, a range of moun-
tains which extend from 8. W. to the
N. E. and feparatea the diftrift of
Maine from Lower Canada, ^ving rife
to many rivers v/hich Call into St. Law-
rencenver, and others which fall into
the Atlantic 0;ean. The principal
growth between the Height of Land
and St. Francis river is Iteech, maple,
birch, hemlock, and ftr, verjr few white
pines, and no oak of any Ibrt. Seme
of the riven have fine intervales.
Hbleka Island,St. ontheeoaftof
S. Caroiiimi, with the cont'ment on the
north, forma St. Helena Sound or En
trance, and gives name to a parifli in
Beaufort diftria.
HelenaPabish, St. in Beaufort dif-
trid, S. Carolina, coniifts of a clufter of
iilands, on the S. W. fide of St. Helena
Ifland, one of the largeft of which is
Port Royal, Adjacent to Port Koyal
•re St. Helena, Ladies, Paris, and Hunt-
ing lAandt. The Hunting Iilands are
5 or 6 in number, bordering on thie
Dcean, fo called from the number of deef
and other game found upon ditir. All
fktEe iAands an' foaaeouicrt af left aott
iwidilttAithiiMriOii. Tht SNMkiM «C
the ilundlia no^ tndim combb^ oonu
aadif#aBr pufeBtota |. UK rndtivattoD, oc
which,! at wet! at in odMr paita o£ thti
Stttte« it oitiehi durried on by Hvm^i
Taxetnudhgr Sl;k.HafMarlp!viOi 9,k44l«
lit. ad. Chiei'towh, B«)lufort,QnFoct;
Royal Idandb.
HaiLBNa Sf . titsunt eo4he coidk «C
flortda, built by ths Spuwudfi, audi
bunni 1^ Sir Franoit Drake in 1 5!^ -
HsiiiGiiiTft, tb»eelebratedftBUtvi»
near the weft end of Long Ifland Souttlii
oppnfitetoHarleihinYoi^ liland^and
aobttt Smilea noitfa-caft of New«^Ybrl9
city, and it remsricable for ita whiiU
oooIb,^ which nmke a trmcndouB rotfm
Mg at certain timet of the ti^ Thafii
whidpools are occafioned by the nai^
rciwnefa and crookcdneA of the O^flaji!^
and a bed of incka which extend q«!t«
acroft it } and not by the meetiiu; oC
the tid^ from eaft to weft, aa bat be«B
conjeAured,becavfethey nkcet at ^ng'*
Point, feyeral mtlea above^ A flctOfil
pilot may comluA a ihip of any burdcDv
with (iifely» through thia ftnitk at high
water urith the tide» or at low «patC9
with a hit wind» There i« a traditiao
aroooff the Indiana, that in. fame diftant
period, in former times, their anceftorf
could ftep front roek to rock, and crpHi
thia arm of the fta on foot ta H«U
Gate.
HkMLQCfc,a lake in N«w-Vork Statnk
1 a miles long, and t broad, it the Gen*
effee country.
HEMPti8Lil»the name of twotown-
fhips in Pennfylvaaia, the one in Laa*,
cafWr county, the other in that of Wc&»
moreland. ,
Hbndbbsom^s GBAhT, a traR it
miles fquare, on the pcninfula formed
by the junaion of Creen river with the
Ohio, in the State ot liLent^ky.
Hbnlby House, a ftation of the
Hudlbn^s Bay Company, on the north
bank of Albany river, in New S. Wales,
150 miles S. \V. of Albany Fort, and
1 10. N. W. by W. of Bruni'wick Houft.
N. lat. 51. 14. *•;. W. loAg. t$. ^. 54*
HENNfKER, a townfhip in Htfllbe-
rough county^ New-Hamplhirci about
IX miles weft of Concord. In 1775, it
contained ^67, and in 1^90, iia7 inha-
(utants.
HENL09EN, Ca1^e> formt the S. W.
(tdeof the entrance of Delaware Bay*
and Cape May the N. £. fide, aS nuieB
P a apart.
\
\
S28
H£^
tmn* C«pe Renlopen lies ia Nj Uti
SS. 50»andinW. lonf.7s. a6. There
U a lighNhoiife here, « fewipilet below
the town of L«m*i of an oftason form,
handfomcly built of ftoiie 115 feet biffh,
and ha foundation U tiearly aa much
above the level of the lea. The lantern
ia between 7 and 8 feet fquare, lighteii
with 8 lampa, and may be Cetn m the
night lO leagu<ts off at fea. Its annuaf
expenfe is about ^'650. There is a
ilrong iron net-work^ in order to sre-
vrat birds fiy>m breaking the elats at
night. Yet fo attniAtve ia the light to
the winged tribe, that fliortly after its
ereftioii, no birda of different kinds
were found dead one morning, and a
duck» in particular dew againft it with
ftich force, as to penetrate through both
the wire wd glaA^ and was found dead
In the lantern. Since the above acci-
dent, few (imilar ones have occurivd,
and the birds have become more wary.
Veflels off the Delaware, upon dif-
playing a jack at the foretopmaft.head,
will be immediately fumimed with a
pilot None, however, are to be de.
pended upon, unlefs they are fiirniflied
with branches, and with a cei'tificate
from the board of wardens of Philadel-
phia.
Hen RICO, a county of Virginia, about
JO inilcs long, and 7 broaJ, contains
laooo inhabitants,including58i9 Oaves.
It is Airrounded by Hanover, Charles
City, and Goochland counties, and
James river. A number of coal mines
are in the county, and pits have been
opened by mai^ of the proprietors, and
worked :to eonfiderable profit. The
coals in leveral of the pits are found
Ti r 'If 100 feet above the level of the
. . r^- and 3 or 4 ieet below the furf'ace
'! tht ground. It is fuppofed that
}00,ooo bufhels might be railed frcni
t'Mte of thefe in a year. Chief town,
Richmond.
HlNRiqUELLE, a remarkable fait-
pond in the Spanish part of the ifland
of St. Domingoi about ax leagues in
circuit. It is inhabited by lizards and
a'Ugators, ami land tortuiles, all of a
large liae. Ths water is deep, clear,
bitter and lalt, and ha: s ciifHgreeabie
fmell. Near the middle of this pond is
an ifland about a leagues long, and a
leaeiic wide, in which is a' Ipring of
frem water, well ftucked with eabritots,
•ml tbenct called OdfritQ ifiand. This
HBK
pond is, about 1 1 league* E* of Port
ao Prince.
HsMKY, a cape, the north-eaftitm ex-
tremity of PrincefssAnn owmty, in Vir^.
ginia, 1 % miles S. by W^ of Cape ^^l^arles
in Northampton county. Thefcfcapea
kkrtt the enttwice of Chet^eak B^.
Cape Henry lies in N. Ut* }7«uiWk
long., 7(S. 16. , •; r.;
He N R Y« a fort inPcnofylvania, 8 milet
N. WVf, of Myer's Town,, at the head
of Tulpehocken creek, \x N. of Lan-
cafter, and nearly 37 S. E. of Sunburv.
Henry, a mountainous and hilly
county of Virginia, bouiided N. by
Franklin, 8. andS.E. by Patrick, S.W.
by Grifon, and N. W. and W. by
Montgomery^ It is about 40 miles long,
15 broad, and contains 6918 inhabi-
tants, including 1551 (laves.
HsNTiONiTAN, an ifland in the N.
E. part of Lake Huron.
Herkembr, a new county of New-
Vork, divided into so townihijps, viz,
German Fiats, Wairen, Frankroit, and
Litchfield, formed out oi German flatf
in Feb. 1796. Herkemer, Fairfield and
Norway, formed out of Fedrfittdt Feb*
1796.-— Schuyler. The following were
comprehended originally in ffbii^owH,
viz. Paris, Sangerfield, Ha'lpiiton, Sher-
burn, Brookfield, Cazenovia, Weftmore-
land, Mexico, Rome, Steuben and Floyd.
By the ftate cenliis of 1796 this county
contains >5,S73 inhabitants, of whom
4t6i are ele^ors. It is bounded N. by
part of Lower Canada and the river St.
Lawrence, N. W. by the £. end of
Lake Ontario, and the river St. Law.
rence; S. by Otfego county; E. by
Clinton and jKut of Wafliington county.
Herkbmer. Town, in the above
county, is fituated on the north (ide of
Mohawk river. The townfliip includes
the village called Little German Flats,
and the celebrated plain called German
Flats. The village contains a court-
houfe, gaol, a Dutch church, and
about 40 dwelling houfes, which laft
are very indifferent buildings. It is 80
milesN.W. by W. of Albany, i6 S.E.
of old Fort Schuyler, and 10 in a like di-
rection from Whitefiown. In the midft
of the flats is a flirub oalc plain of 80
or 100 acres, barren and Honey, of no
ufe but for building lots. The townfliip
is named in honour oi general Herkemer,
who was mortally wounded in the late
war. It contained in 1796, by the State
cenAisj
H I A
cefiAii, io73 inhabitants ; of whom 33!
were elf^.ow.
Hr,RO^ NoKTHy an ifland in Lake
Champiatn, is a towhfbip annexed to
Chittenden county in Venmont, and
contains 1x5 inhabitants. I. Is 13 miles
in length; and a in breadth.
Hero, Sovth, an ifland in the fame
lake, belonging to Chittenden county,
Vermont, is a townfhip and port of en-
try, and contains 537 inhabitants. It is
14 miles long, and 3^ broad. Numer-
ous fmall ifli s furround the Herbs. This
ifland prodoces good crops of wheat
and other grain. In it is a quarry of
bluifli grey marhle, which has the ap-
pearance of bemg a petri/a^lion of fcal-
lops* a I'pecies of Iheli common in the
vicinity of the lake, together with the
common earth of the fliore, which is ot
a marley fubftance.
Heron, Pass AU, at the bay of Mo
bile, in Vf. Florida, is x8 mile« E of
Pafcagoula river, and has 4 feet water j
and from thence to the point which is
on the E. flde of the Bay of Mobile, in
N. lat. 30. 17. is nearly 6 miles.
Herring Bay, lies on the W. fide of
Chefapeak Bay, Maryland, a6 miles S.
of Annapolis, and derives its name from
the fifh of its name which frequent it.
Herring Pond Indians. See
SandiKicb.
Hertford, a county of Edenton
diftri6l, N. Carolina i bounded N. by
the State of Virginia, S. by Bertie co.
E. by Chowan, and W. by Northamp-
ton, and contains ^txi inhabitants, of
whom 144a are Haves. Oiief tpwn,
Wynton.
Hertford, a poll-town of N. Ca-
rolina, in Edentoi) diftrifl, and capital
of Gates county, lituated on the W. /jde
of Perqwimin^s river. It contains about
to houfes, a eoui't-houfe, and gaol, and
is 18 miles N.N. £. of Edenion, :^o^
N. N. E. cf Wilmington, and 38 S. by
W. of Suffolk In Virginia.
Hervey's Isle, one of the newdif-
covered iflands, in the South Sea, vilit-
edbyCapt. Cook in 1778. $. lat. 19.
)8. W. long. 159. 6.
Hbvb, or La Hmvet » port and
cape on the S. coaft of Nova-Scotia.
Here the Fiiench built a fort, which
was taken by the Briti(h with fome lofs
of men 171a.
Hiatstown, a village in Middlefex
county, New«Jerfey | 1 3 mile* N. «aft-
H 1 L »39
erty of Trenton, and tf 8. by W. of
New-Brunfwick.
HiCKMAN*s, a fettlement In Favettv
county, Kentucky, on the N. fide of
Kentucky river, 10 miles N. of Pan-
ville, and aa S, of Lexit\gton.
Hid Island is lituated on the N.W.
Territory } in Plein river, the northern
head water of the Illinois.
Hiohoate, a village in Geoi^fia,
about 4 miles from Savamiab. 8v«
Hampflead.
Highgate, the north-wei^emmoft
townfliip except Alburgh, in Vermoot)
in Franklin county, contains 103 inha-
bitants.
Highlands, a mountainous tnA of
country on the banks of Kudfon^ river,
in the State of New- York, between 40
and 60 miles N. of New- York city.
The paflage on the river throug:h theft
highlands, fior the diltance of i^bout 18
miles, is grand and romantic in a higb
degree. The opening feems (o have
been formed on purpofe for the pafiage
of this noble river. In thefe Iiighlaiias
are lituated the important and famous
fbrtrefles of Weft Point, Fort Moncgo-
raery, and Stoney Point. Theinoft not-
ed peaks are, as you afcend the riv(^r.
Thunder Hill, St. Anthony's Note, Su-
gar Loaf, Butter H:ll, and Break Neck
Hill. After paOing the two laft, the
country opens delightfully, and prtfentt
to the eye the pieafant villages of New.
Windfor and Newburgh. Thefe moun-
tains abound with iron ore.
HiGHWASSEE. See Higbwajfee
River.
Higuey, or Altc Grada, a city in
the S.E. part of thi Spanifli divifion of
St. Domingo, the .^afternmoft of all the
lettlements in th>: ifland, ce'ebrated for-
merly for its fertility, and the quantity
of fugar it produced. It was formerly
the feat of Cayacoa, the pioll powerful
cacique of the iflauJ. It has now only
about 500 inhabitants, and is dift^nt
about 40 leagues to the eadward of St.
Donimgo, between which dml Kiguey
are 3 roads, the circititous and iiorth-
trnmoft of which l^ads by Bayaguana.
N. lat. 18. 30.
Hills, a riyer in New South Wales,
which rife» from PathapoowinepeeLake,
and empties into Uudion^s Bay at York
Fort.
HlLLfDAl^', 9 townfhip in Columbia
county, NeW Yprk, 18 auUs fromHt^d-
P 3 fell
m
R7L
ibn dty, centtining 4,55< inhiUtaiitt,
jickiding;ti flaves. By the Stste cen*
^ #f 1796, 6%% of the inhabitaim iur«
HlLifSVpRoVoH, an ifluid on the
^bnwlor coaft, on a bny^ at the h^ of
whieh is Nain, Ste Kaia.
HlLLSyOROVOH, a county of New
Hampfliire, boundcid N. by Grafton
county, 5. *>y the State of Mailachu-
fttts, W. by Chel^irti and£. by Rock-
ingham county.
It IB diitriiied into 37 townfliip^ and 4
corea of iao4t which contain 3i«874 >n-
MbitantS} all free people» who chlafly
j^llow agriculture. The academy at
Ani)hei1(, ha» £ 800 fundi, and ajiother
•t New-Ipfwicn of ^. 1 000^ Chief towns,
Amherft and Hopkinton.
HiLLSBORoycH, a townfliip m the
•hove countyr lituatcd on the north m
kaad branches of Contocook river, about
^t or ao milea W. of Concord, wa<
incorporated in i77a> Mid contains 79S
inhabiunt8<
Hillsborough, a townfliip in So-
ptrftt county, New-Jcrfey, contxining
•aoi inhabitant*, including jtC flaves.
|t is ttbout 15 miles W^ orfirunfwick,
•ad li northe'ly of Trenton.
Hillsborough, a village on the
ftttem Me of Chefapeatc Bay, in Caio-
line taaianyj, Maryland ; Icated on the
E. fide of Tuckahock Cretk, one of the
^h'lef branches of Choptank river, 7
miles S. E. by E. of Denton, 9 N. W.
of Greenlborough, aipd 17 S. S. W. of
Cbeftcr.
HiLLSBOnouGH, one of the m^dlc
0iftri5ls of North Carolina, bounded N.
by the State of Virginia, S. by ^'ayettc
vUle diftria, E. by Halifax, al^l W. by
Salifbury. It comprehends the counties'
of Granville, Perfon, Cafwell, Orange,
Wake, Chatham, and Randolph} and
contains 59198; inhabitants, of whom
33,506 are flaves. Chief town, Hillf-
borough.
Hillsborough, a poft-town of
Vorth- Carolina, and capital of thedif-
iriSt of [u name, is fituated in Orange
county, on the N. fide of Eno river, in a
hi^h, healthy and fertile ^mtry. It
contains abput 80 houfes, acotot-houfe
and gaol i ai|)d had in ^788 an academy
of 60 or 80 ftudciit^^' patronized by
the principal gentlemen ipf the State.
The Eno iiitites with Little and Flat
fiTcri, and fiffOM the Ncui| thoyt 17
H IN
miks iiebw the town. |t ia >!€ oiBfillef
W. N. W. of Newhem, .^6 S.by W,
of Perfon codrt-houfe, ttot'W.-byS. of
Halifax, no E.N.E. of 8alifl>uiy, moA
4,51 S. W. by fi. Of Philadel|4iiA.
HiLLftDALB, a townflwp in Colum-
bia county, Mew.Yonk» having Ckve*
rack on the W. and Great- Harrington
in Berkfliire county, Maflptchuletts, on
the E. It contains 4556 inhabitants, of
whom 31 areilaves.
HiLLTOWN, a fmall .town near the
centre of Cheller county, Pennfyhmniai
»8 miles W. ofPhiladelnhia,^d xiH,
W. of Chefter. Alfo \he name of a
townfliip in Bucks county in the £une
State.
Hilton Hbav is the moftfouthem
fca land in 8. Carolina. W. and 8. W,
of Hilton Head lie iP>ncka«r*|, BuUsn
Dawfuflcies and fome fmalfcr iflandsi
betwetn which and Hilton ifead, .are
Calibogie river and found, which kaa,
the ouuet of May and New rivers.
Hilton's Point^ inPifcataquariiiBri^
in New-Hampfliire, is the fpot WhAie
the united flream o( Newidutwannook
and Cochecho rivers, which comisifrom
Dover, meets the weftem branch and
forms the Pifcataquat From thence to
the Tea is 7 miles, the courfe generally
S. to S.E. and the river is io rapid tha(
it never freezes.
HiMCHE, a territory aad town in the
Spanifli part of St. Domingo. The
canton of Hinche is bounded W. by the
French pariflies of Gonaivcs, Petit Rivi-
ere and Mirebabis^!-and contains with
ibme appcmtages about ia,ooo fouls ^
The town contains about 500 houfes^
and, toi,jther with' its dependencies,
4, 500 fouls , 500 of whom are capable of
' beaiing arms. It is fituatfd on the E^
fide of the mouth of the river Guaya-
muco, 64 miles N. W. of St. Domia-
go, N. lat. 19. 3.
HiNBSBURCH, a townfliip in Chit,
tenden county, in Vermont, lies E. of
and joins Charlotte onLaka Champlain.
It contains 454. inhabitants.
HiNGHAM, a poft-town in Suffolk
county, Maffachufctts, fit\iatedonafmall
bay which fetf iip fouth from Bofton
Bay. It contains a number of houfes
CompaAly built, two Congregational
churches, and a well endowed fchool,
called, in honour of ita principal doner
and founder, Derby €clioeI. It ia 19
laUea 8. 1^* «f ^BixfH, mjkI s» in a Uk«
HOJI
iMralliwn «f<om Plvpptt h. Thetoww^
ihip is about 4 mile* fq^is x, couiU(t of
ttwo parifliMf wai iocorp /rated in i6b5»
piul contaiiM toSf inhabit:«nt>. Ucre
are 6 grift-mills, j faw.milU, and a
jEuliii\g-inill { four of which are tide
miUs. Two hills in this town, one of
which is called Baker's Hill, prefent
^xtenfive and ddightful profpefts of
JBoilon Bay, its iilands, and the adja-
cent country.
HiNSDAL£, the S. eaftemmoft town-
ihip in Vermont^ and in Windham co.
It contains 4J> inhabitants.
Hinsdale, a townfhip in Chefliire
county, New-Hampihire, on the eaft
bank of Conne£):icut river, where the
fouth line of the State ftrikes the river
in 4%. 43. 59. N. lat. and is oppofite to
Hinfdale in Vermont. It was incorpo-
^ted In i753i and contains 51s inhabi-
tants, it It about 3 8 miles above North-
gmpton, and 114 from Portfmouth.
Hiram, a Imall Settlement in York
county, Maine. See New Andover.
H1SPAN101.A, or St. Domii^a, See
St. Domittge,
HiTCKELAOA, or WtcbtU^t an In-
dian village in Lower Canada, -iituattd
in the ifland of Montreal, and at the foot
cf the naountain fo called. Jt is forti-
£ed a^r the Indian manner, and the in-
liabitants fpeak the Huron language.
HiTTCN, a fmall village in Ann
lAruodel county, Maryland^ 13 miles
W. 1^ S. of Baltimore.
HiWASSBB !« the only river of any
confe.(|uence vrhich empties into the
.Tavaeflee from the ibuth* It is a bold
iriver, pafllng through the Cherokee
lawns, and empties into the Tenneflce
fibout 40 miles below the mouth of the
Clinch, and 46 above the W hirl or Suck,
by land, but 60 by water. It is naviga-
it>le till it penetrates the mountains on
its S. fide. Ore was found in thele
jnountuns, when in poireflton of the
Britifli, from which gold was extrafied.
The Indians knpw the fpot} but are
th*
HO I. fii
mA Fm Ut, Mbput 7 JMk« aboiN Ntw-
York city.
HocHELAOA, tht Ancient
the river St. Lawrence.
HocKHQCKiMOf • rinrin
north-weft Ttnritory, about tfFenty-
eieht miles b^ow tfie Muiiiiv«ia»
which it refembles* but is inferior to
it in iiae. It rifes near • branch of die
Sciota, and taking a fonth-wdl conift
enters the Ohio at Bdlprce, in N. lat.
3t. 57. It is navigable for large ftpt*
bottomed boGt*, b^wecn 70 md to
miles } has fine meadows with hq;h
banks, which are fekfom ever6owcdt
and rich uplands on its borders. On
the banks of this fine river arc ino*
hauftible quarries if free ftose, lain
betis of iron ore, rich mines of knn«
and coal pits. There are aifoproduAhw
fait fprings, beds of white and blue day
of an excellent quality. Red boittt and
many othe. ufeful fofliU Jiavc boon
found on the banks of this river.
HocK<^AR, or HacifMortfta ifwil
of Upper^anaida> on the £. fide «f
Lake Superior.
Hoo, an ifland on the £. 6d« of
Lake Champlain, in Franklin fOontVf
Vermont, 9 nriles long, vtd gcneriuy
abAut 3 broad.
Hog, an iflar.'i ia Naraganfcat Biqr«
in the State of Flhode Ifland, about •
miles in circuniiference, s milea bom
Briftol.
HOGOHEGE, CaLI.AMANCO> BWI
Cherokee; names formerly appficd
to Tenttejie rhur.
HoLDEN, a townfliip in Woiccftcr
county, Maflkchufetts, was formerly
the north-weftem part of Woroefter«
from which it is diftant 7 miles, and 59
miles W. of Bofton. It contains «o|o
inhabitants. It was incorporated in
1740. In the eaithquake in I7S5> ^^^"^
were feveral acres m land, in an c^fcore
place in the N. £. corner of the town^
fliip, quite furrounded by a vifible frac-
ture in the earth, of a circular fornw
very anxious to keqp it a fecret. A and of various width and depth. Tlie
branch of the Hiwaifee, called Amoia,
almoft interlocks a branch of the Mo-
bile. The portage between them is
(hort, and the road firm and level.
HOBBSHOLB. See Tttffabamiock*
HosoKBN, a tnSt of land in Bergen
county, New-Jerfey, fitiiated on the W.
fmall river there had its bed railed fo
as to occafion a conflderable fall of wa-
ter, where there wa^ little or none be-
fore. The ftump <^ a tree, that ftood
diieAly over the chafm, on the E. was
divided into two equal parts, one ftand-
ing on the outfide of the chafm, the
bank (^ the Hudfon, in the mountainous I ouer upon the infide ; but not oppofite
fountiy JMtyiffcn th^ town of3erf(enlto each oth«r| ^ half wUhw the
P4 chafia
ff» «<* II O L
«KlAn. being cwricd five ftet forward,
towards the river.
HoL9EltME<8, a tOwnOiip In Grafton
county, New-HampAiire, fituated on
theeflinem lide of Pemigewaflet riv«r,
was incorporated in 1761, and contains
|«9 inhabitants. A comer of Squani
Lake is in this townfhip; and RattU-
flwke Mountain lies partly in this and
Sandwich the adjoining townfhip on the
M; E. It is 64 miles N. N. W. of
Portfhiouth.
HOLD-WiTH-HoPE, the firft land
^ifcovered by Hudfon on the caltem
<,it* o! G(«cnLnd, in 1607 N. bt. 73.
tiOL£-lN-THB-WALf., a village in
Taibot cdurtty, Marylaml, on the E.
fide of Ch« (apeak Bay j 7 >v,j!^8 eafteriy
of Oxford, and a like' d'ftanr: 3. of
Eafton.
HotLAND, a townfhip in Hampfhire
county, Maflachufetts, which, until in-
corporated in 1785, was the E. parifh
of South-firimfield, and is bounded S.
by Toiiand county, in Conne£ticut, E.
by Worcefler county, and northward
by Britnfield. It contains 428 mhabi.
tants. and is 75 railes S.W. by W. of
Bofton.
Holland Compaivf Lauds, are fitu
ated in Pcnnfylvania, on the navigable
waters of Alleghany river and French
Creek.
Holland's I/landi we near to, and
fouth of Hooper's Idand aud Straits in
Chefapeak Bay.
Ho.<.LAND*s Peitit, on the weft fide
of Chc'lapeak Bay, together with Park-
er's Iflatid, form the mouth of Herring
Bay.
MOLLIS, the fJiJUiffet of the Indians,
a townihip in Hillfborough county,
New- Hampfhire, fjtuated on the Mafla-
Cwufetts lire, incorporated in 1746, and
concuns 144.1 inhabitants. It is about
70 miles ^'. W. of Portfroouth, and 45
N. W. of Boftonw
HoLLlDAYs tjland lies 15 miles up
Chowan 1 ivi r in North-C^ro'lina : thus
far the river is three miles wide.
HOLLJSTON, tlienio(t r.nithem town-
ship in Midillefex c unty, Maflachufetts,
has Hopkinton on the N. Wrcntham
en tiic E. and is ^4 miles S^ by W. of
Boion. J he firft fettieiticnts were
made here in 1710, and in 1714 the
town was incorporated by its prefent
name, In honour of Tiiomas Hollis of
f.onda!i, cne of the patrons of Csm-
HOM
brid|fe Univerfity} and it now contains
S75 inhabitants.
HoLSTON, the largcft branch of Ten«
nefTee river, rifes in Virginia, and joins
that river s« mileo below Knbxville.- It
is a large, bold river, upwards of 300
yards wide at that to\yn, is about aoo
miles in length, and receives in its courfe
feveral conmierahle rivers, viz. from its
head downwards, Watauga, French
Broad, ( which includes Limeifune
Creek, Nolachucky, Swanano, Big Lau-
rei, and Big and Little Pigeon) and Lit-
tle rivers. I he ftreams on the north,
em fide are creeks of no great five or
length of cuurfe. Hoifton is navigable
for boatd of 11, tons upwards' of 100
niilps, as hi??li as the mouth of the North
Fork ; at which place Mi'. David Rofs
has erefled iron works upon a large
i'cale. At the mouth of this river, on
the north fide, fta):('.5 Fort Grainger.
The river is 150 yarJs v»ide, 16 miles
above the North Fork at Rofs's iron
works, and nearly ^ above Long-Ifland,
^nci inN. lat. 36.*a7. W. long. 83. 8.
See TeniteJ'ee and Lon^-IJland,
HoLsTON, a fettlement on the river
above mentioned, in the State of Ten-
neffee, containing aS,649 inhabitants,
though in the year 1775 it had hardly
220o; yet its importance during the
revolution may be conceived, when it is
known that a great part of thofe volun-
teer troops who attacked and defeat^
the Britifh and tories on King's Moun-
tain, who were commanded by Colonel
Fergufon, came from this country.
The land is-generally fertile, but the
face of the country is much broken.
Placed between two large mountains, it
leldoin fuffeis for want of rain. . It
abounds v ith iron ore. A capii:;) fur-
nace and forge have lately been erefted
in Holfton near the Virginia line, i<
bloomery below 'he mouth of Wataw-
ga, and ai.other »s miles above the
mouth of the French Broad. There
are fundry lead mines iti the ret(>|cmt-nt,
one in jiarticular on the Fr nch Broad,
that produces 75 per cehf. pure lead.
Long Ifland on flolfton " river 's 340
•nile. S. W. by W- of Rifcii:riond in
Vji^vnia.
iioLy Rood, p bay ^nd pond in
Newfoundland Ifland. The bay is at
the head of Conception Bav.
Home a, a militHiy townihip in Onor..
daga county, New-Vork, on the head
waters
)nd in
is at
Onoi-
ic head
v/aters
HON
witenof the N. W. hranch oFChenen-
go river } 56 oF its inhabitants are dec-
tor*.
HoNA Chitto, a r'/er which nfeii
in G>.-or^ia, in N. Int. 31. between
Pearl aiui Looiii Chitto rivers, runs
foiitherly 115 miles, nnd at the town of
Manca in ^ eft Florida, a few miles
from its mouth, runs W. to Miflifippi
river. N. lat. 30.15.
Hondo, Rio, a river of Yucatan,
which empties into the bay of Hondu-
ras . This river, by the peace of 1 7 8 j ,
was the northern boundary of the traft
fouthwar<} of Ballefle 1 iver, granted by
the Spanian!s to the Britilh, to cut and
carry away logwood.
HoNDB, a bay on the north fide of
the ifland of Cuba, weftward of the Ha-
vannah.
HoNDVRAS, a province of New
Spain, having the bay of its name and
the North Sea on the north} Yucatan
on the north-weft ; and the Mofquito
Shore on the north-caft; Nicarai^ua and
Ouatimala on the fouth, and Vera Paz
on the weft. It is about 100 leagttes
long nnd 80 broad. It abounds with
honey, cotton, fine wool, dye woods
in paiticuiai, . nd has fomegold and (li-
ver mines* 1 he rivers overflow like
the Ntlrj and enrich the land. The air
is good, except near th« lagoons and
low grounds. The foil in many parts
bears In<Jian com thrice a year ; and the
vineyards bear twice a year ; for imme-
diately after the vintage they cut them
again } and rhe fccond grapes are ripe
before Chriftmas. Valladolid is the
chief town, where the governor and bi-
fiiop refide. Truxillo is alio a fine town,
and very ftrong by nature ; and Omoah
is ftrongly fortified. The Spaniards
claim this country; but the Engii(h
hw. Iwen long in poffcflion of the log-
wood traft in the Bay of Honduras, cut-
ing large quantities of it every year. And
the Mofquito Indians to the eaft oi
this province have entered into treaties
with the Englilh, received them into
their country, and done them fcveral fer-
vices. Befidts, th*^ Spaniards have no
forts in 'his bay, or in the country of
the Mofquilo;i, only two Imall towns,
Honduras, Sea of, is that part
of the Nortn Sea hounded N. by the II".
Jand of Cuba, S. by the Mofquito Shore,
S. W. by the bay of Honduras, W. by
If O M '- *|^
ttil pMltlAiIa of Yuntan, N. W. by tlw
gult of Mexico, E. N. E. by Jtroiddl,
and the Caribbean Sea.
Honduras, Bay of, noted for cat-
ting of logwood, as that of Campetchf
formerly was. ' It lies In the provinc*
of the fame name, and opens betwixt
Cape Hondm-as in N. lat. 13. 30, and
Cape Catoche, the eaftetmmoft point of
Yucatan In N. lat. «i. 30. Thedif-
tnnce between thefe capea is tjo nfiilea.
The great lake of Nicaragua has an
outlet into it by the river Anuzelos, or
Angelos, only navigable by fmail craft.
In this bay are feveral fmall iflands, par-
ticularly the Pearl Iflands, a little to thtf
north, but the pearls fiflied up are not
in fuch quantities as formerly, nor So
large. Sugar river alfo, a fmall rivei^
from Veraguas, falls into it. It has i^
name from the quantity of fugar works,
with which the country abounds. Thb
part of the country where the EngliOi cilt
their logwood is all a flat, and a great
part of If a morafs, with feveral lagoons,
which are very often overflown. The
cutters amount to 15 or 1600 men ; but
f)rm no regular colony ; yet they chooft
a chief, who_ cannot have lefs, authority,
luxury, or emolument, or whofe ilifc.
jefls are more difobedient. The quanl*
tity of wood annually furpiflied by tho
bay has been valued at «o,ooo tons.
The Engli'li export only about 6,000 ;
but the principal branch of the trade was
lately carried on by the Dutch, whofe
annual cleir profit uCed to amount to
ahove 90,0001. fterling. The bay is
fprinkled with an infinity of (hoals, rocks
3nd clufters of drowned idands, which
abound with great numbers of green
turtle. There are feveral channels be-
tween them, among which a (hip (hould
not venture without an experienced pi-
lot. The jTi:in.iti istreqnently met with
here, and th.t called the Jew-fi(h, which
is ibnidthing like the cod, but thicker
in proportion, and much better eating.
Thty have very broad (cales, and forae
of them weigh Solhs.
HoNHYYOE, alakein the Gennefl!*ee
country in New York State, weftward
of Canandargua Lake, 5 miles long and
3 broad.
HoNOMlNIES, a river in theN. W,
Territory which runs S. S. pafterly into
Puan Bay. Between the head of thia
ri ver atid Lake Superior is a (hort poitage.
KOOD^
r n>
HO f
J901^* UtAMPt tfneof^Iic Maraw^
in yimi$i» tbe 6o»ih 8eK» fi>x»ll«« by
its difcoveKr Caf«ai« Coolr.. It lie*
Jb j^. »i, S> lat. ^ or 6 leaguea N. by
Wl of die mSt fMint of Dominica.
IfoOK latANP. See f0iii^«y /tMi(.
|10f>«BT Fa^i. a, or ^aaii^i (/2<fa//r
ip Merrimack river, juft below the
>Miaoth oSSmtaokt 7 nviles above Amiif-
IWMJRallay aiut J mitta bolow Concord,
.saiNewJijMnpllure.
|ii»cu(.STOWti^ a vlllareiin thevTcft
^t/oiChttftk^y in Marylamj, in
BalUaaore county, 6 i^nUca N» W. of the
JtPfvm of Baltimore.
HooxT<xwii> a ^lafc on the eafl;
Jdoof CbefapeakBav, in Talbot county,
AfaryJand, liea noiih of Ealton, and S.
W. of WiUiamiburg, nearly 3 milea
J^RtfDcafrh.
BoAFER'a ItXAMoand Straitb lie
«n tbe eaft iidc of .Chefapeak Bay, and
40 the S> W. coaft of Dorchefter county,
iiffarylaqd* TJkte ifland ia 7 milea long,
mi a|ib|coad.
IIOoaAicje, » river of New>York
Wibicb fall* jinto tlie Hudfon from the
Mft, about 8 miles above the city of
lABfinburgh. It ril'ea in Berkmire
(COimty» Mainijchufetts, runs north-weil>
.crjy tnrot^gh Pownal in Vermont, thence
into ^^iear^Yock State. Its length is
vbo^t 4e4mles. Hie curious mill -ftream
Mlkd Kudfon'a^-ook, which falls into
m north branch of Hoofack, is defcribed
J9 the accountof4^a«u, InMaflachufetts.
Ilppz, a :vU,lage in Suflex county,
Jblcw-Jcriey, vnthepoft-road'from New-
town to Eafton inPennfylvam.,, i 6 miles
$. W. of the fomxer, and ao N. E. of
;the latter. It i^ inhabited by about 100
<>f the Moravian United Brethren.
JjloPE, a bay on the N. W. coaft of
.N. America, io named by Capt. Cook.
The (entrance of Nootka, or St. George's
^oimd, ia (ituated in the eaft comer of
fjififc Bay, m Id. lat. 49. 33. E. long.
J^Oftf a Moravian rettlemeiu in Wa-
chovia, in N.Carolina, in Surry county,
jwb^ if a meeting-houfe of tbe United
.^rethrejQ.
^,9^, a finall ifland in Narraganfet
Bay, State of Rhode Idrmd.
Hofinm^i, or HopkiufvUUt a townfliip
jKt CMiedonia county, m Vermont, was
jjranti^d to Dr. iIopJc.ina; 1 1 miles north-
am4 of ^b/e lUpper bar 0^' the Fatten Mile
$^ b? Comie&icul river*
HOR
HofKiNTOV, « townlhipin HUb^
cough county^ New-ilampOiire,on Con-
toocook river, f mileii S. W. from it#
confluence with the Merrimack, and di«
vided from ConcorcTon tha eaft« by the
Rockingham county line. , Itwas^irft
granted Dy MaiTachufetts, was incorpo*
rated in 1765, and contains i,7isinhab-
itanta, who are chiefly formers. It ia
4« miles E. by S. of CharleAown on Con-
ne6Ucot river, ^ fbowt 64. Wf by N.
ofPortimouth* - ,.^;
UopjUNTON. a townihip in Middle-
fex county, Maflachufetta* It .vas in-
corporated in 171 5, amd contaius 1317
inhabitants. The rivers Conconi, pro-
vidence and Charles receive each of them
a branehirom this town t Thefe ilreams
fumiA feats for 7 or 8 griftmills) a num-
ber of faw- mills, iron-works, &c.
HorJCi MTON, a townihip in Waflung-
tM county, Rhode- Iflana, fitnated on
the weft line of the State, on fitveraj
branches of Pawcatuck river. It coa-
tains %^6t inliabitantSf including 7 flavef •
HoPEWGLL, a townOiij) in Cumbeiu
land county, in the Provmce of New*-
Brunfwick, iituatcd on Chepodie river*
which runa eafierly into a northern aim
of the Bay of Fundy, aiud ia navigabk
4 or 5 milea.
Hope WE LL, the name of j towmflupii
in Pennfylvania, viz. in Yoiky'' Hunt-
ingdon, and Walhington coimties.
HOPEWSLL, a townihip in lilMnter-
don countyi New-Jerfey, fituated on
Delaware river, 14. miles W. of Prince-
town, J I above Trenton and 30 fouth-
wefterly of New- Brunfwick. It con-
tains 9310 inhabitants, including 932
flaves. Another townihip of this tume
lies in Cumberland county, in New-
Jerfey.
Horn, Cppe^ the ibutbcm extremity
of Terra del Fuego, and of SputluAme..
riea, was Eift failed round in |6i6, and
the ftraits were difcovered in i64>3. S«
lat. 55. 58. W.long. 67, %f.
HoAK, an ifland on the coaft of Weft
Florida, between Ship ano Malfacrc
iflands . Horn ifland is nearly 1 7 miM
long and about half a mile wide*. There
are more trees on the middle of the
ifland than in any other part of it j and
for about 3 miks from the eaft end there
arc no trees at all ; but there are a num-
ber of fandy hillocks.
Horn-town, a village in Matjlan^,
31 miles from Snow hill, a6 fromDruin-
mgnd.
n0v
«r AfcoNMck ceiirt.lMmCt» In
Wk^t Md lit fam PhiiMMphk.
H<»RiKNBCK»viii.P'POiiNT, arwuid
Muff on the coi^ft of Onchwrich town-
Ihtp in XZonncAJcuftt • milM E. of the
New- York line •! Byraro river.
UoMKKBOK, apoint of Unitionthc
iMKth iide of Long-Ifland, between
llM'e Neck and RafUn'e Neck.
UoiiaBNBCK, a town in Fairfield
•ounty, Conncfticut, called by the Ia>
dians ?«i bomjhig, waa fettled in i6So.
It Uea 6 milea N. E. «f Rye, in Weft.
CheMcr county, New- York State. A
bloody battle was fought here between
the Dutch and the Indians, in 1646. The
Dutch with great difficulty obtained the
viftory. Great numbers were ilain on
both Tides } and their gravea appear to
this day. It is S3 miles S.W. oiNew-
Saven, and 3,7 N.E. of New- York city.
HdasENBCK, a village in Eflexco.
New. Jeriey, on the fouthem bank of Paf-
faic river above the Little Falls, 4 miles
S.W. by S. of the town of Patteri'on.
Horsham, a townfliip in Montgo-
mery couniy, Pennfylvania.
HoRTON, a townfliip in King's co.
Nova^otia. ' Salmon river runs thro'
Horton, ami fupplies the bhabitants
with trxcellent falmon.
HosACK, or Noofaekt a townfliip in
ReniTelaer county. New. York, fituated
on the eaftem boundary of the State,
contains 3035 bhabitants, 4x9 of whom
are eleAors.
HoTTS, a mountain in the wefteni
part of the fouthem penlnfula of the
ifland of St. Domingo.
Hot Spring. See Virguua.
HovouB, La, a little fort fituated t
leagues beyond the Havannah, in the
iflaiid of Cuba. From hence veflels he.
gin to dilcover La Pain de Matance, a
mountain whofe top refembles an oven
or a loaf. It ferves (ailors to know the
Bay of Matance by, which is about 14
ileagues from the Havannah.
Howe, Arf, on St. John's river in
New-Bninfwick, is capable of contain-
■ing 100 msn.
Haws's IJUrndt in the South Sea, was
idifcQvered by Captain Wallis, July 30,
xi^7' Smoke was feen to arile from
ft, but no inhabitants could be difcem-
cd. S. lat. 16. 46. W. long. 154. %,
HouAHRiNB, one at the Society
Iflands, in the SonthSea, 8. latf iC
44* W* long* 151. 1}
nt
HUB
llMrMHO** Arry^ is Ihe
E.of the wRtKM that AmnteRhod**
idfnaitlwiiiainlMd. ItisaboHt
a auarter of a mOe wide. TJhe bsUf*
built aonoA this fttait coft tOMOoodqU
tars, and wai» carried away km « tmm
in January, 1796. It is tdMiut.
HouMTOMiCK, a river of Camee*
ticut, in the Indian languafi fiflatfying
¥uer tbt mnrntmut 1 iies oy two Jources |
the one in LanciborouKh. the «tfacr «i
Windior, both in BcclUhiiia coianty,
MaOlaobafetts. Theft branches fiiinn «
junAion near Salilbury, and the fiver af-
ter pafltnp[ through a number of towns*
empties itfelf into Long-Ifland Sound*
between Stratford and Miltbud in Con-
ncA'icut. It is navigable about » a umeff
to Derby. A bar of flicUs, however*
at its .mouth, obiirufts tl>? navigation ^
Urge veflels. In this river^ between
SafiiburY and Canaan, is ■.%. cataratt*
where the water of the whole rivci;*
which is 1 50 yards wide, falls perpeni^
dicularly 60 fiwt.
H0V8B OF THB Dbvil. $ee £«lr
Qnttar'w.
UovAKiLA, a name by (bme appluql
to the N. £. branch of Illinois jnver*^
SeeTlcAliii,
HuBBARDSTON, a townfliip in WoTp
cefter counM, MafliichtUetts, and finWf
ed the N. £. quarter of Rutland, until
incorporated in 1767. It borders oq
the weftem,part bf WachufetHIll, and
contains 933 inhabitants. It is 10 milea
N. W. of Worcefler, and 60 W^ of
Bofton.
HuBBAiRDTON, a finall river rifing
in the N. part of this iownfliip, nor
ticeable only for its 5 falls which nirpii^
o^cellent mill-feats.
II vBBERTOii, a townfli'q) in Rutlan4
county, Vermont. It contains 404 ior
habitanu, and lies 50 miles N. of Beoi*
nington.
Hudson's Bay took its name fron
Heniy Hudfon, who difcavered it ip
1610. It lies between 5 s and 6 5 degreep
of N. latitude. The eaftern boumlaiy
of the Bay is Terra de Labrador } the
northern part has a ftralgkt coaft, fa.
cing the bay, guarded with a line of
ifles innumerable. A vaft bay, called
the Archiwinnipy Sea, lies witliin it*
and opens into Hudfon's Bay, by meanp
of Gulf Hazard, through which the
Beluga whales pafs in great numbers..
The cntru^e pf the bay him the At-
lautic
iStf
h UD
Imck OcMtn, ifbr leavinp, to thcN.
Ckpe FarewvU vni Daivii** Straitt, ii
feetwecii Rclolution Iflei on the north,
•ft) Button** Iflct, on the Lghrador coafl,
to the ibutli, forming the e;|(lfm ex<
tremityofHudfon'B Strain. Thecoafh
trc ▼cry high, i.ocky an<l ruj^ged ar top;
in feme place* pred|>itous, not fome-
tsnet exhihit extenlivs heachei. The
iflanda of Satilbinyi Notrtngham, anct
IXgarea are rtry lofty and leaked. The
fieptn of water in the middle of* the hay
is 140 fathomi. From Cape Churchill
tn the (bath end of the hny, are regular
ionmliitga ; near the (horr, (hallow, with
ninddjr or ikmly hottom. To the north-
ward of Churchill, the foundings are
irregular* the bottom rocky, and in fome
part* the rocks appear above the furface
at low water. Hiidfbn's B«y ii reckon-
ed about 300 leagues wide, from north
to fouth. Its breadth is unequal, being
af)out 130 leagues where broadelt; but
it grow* narrower at both extremities,
heing not much above 35 leagues in
Ibme places. In the account of New-
Britam, we have given a general account
of the Huiifon's Bay Companies fettle-
ments on both fules of James's Bay.
The commerce in the countrie* adja-
cent to this inland Tea is in the hands of
an exclufive Britifli Company of its
name, who employ only four fhips, and
»3o Teamen. Tne tdrts, Prince of
Wafes, Churchill river, Nelfon, New
Severo, tind Albany, are garrifoned by
t86 men. The French, m 178 «, took
and dcliroyed theli; fettlemcnt;i, See.
laid to amount to the valae of ^500,000
IJerlmg. The Company'* exports are
to the amount of ;^. 16,000, moltly the
drugs of the marker, which produce re-
tnnis, chiefly in beaver ikins and rich
furs, to the value of ^.19,000 ; yield-
ing' government a clear revenue of
jC'1734-' This includes the filhery in
Wtullon's Bay. The (kins and hirs
"procured by this trade, when manu-
♦a^lutcd, laflford articles for trading
wi:h many nations of Europe to great
advantage.'
Hudson** Strait, or Frobi/ber's,
Wjlaken Strait, which leads into Hud-
Ion's Bay, in a wefterly courfe is 76
miles wide, between Cape ChKlley and
the S. point of Refolution Kland.
Hudson's House, one of the Hud-
ibn's Bay Company's fa6lories in N.
Amcricai lies on tke S. W« fide of Suf-
HUtt
kafhiwin river, leo miles eall of Man<i
cheffer HoulV. and 167 8. B. byE. of
Buckin^^fham Houft. N. lat 53. o. jst
W. long. 106. «7. »o.
HtTDsON RitBR oaflTe* its whok
courfe in the State of New- Yni-fc, and is
one of the largeft and fined river* in
the United States. It rifes in a mountain*
ous couiUry, between ihr like* Ontari*
and Champlain. In it* courfe lbuth«
eaftcrly it approachc* within 6 or t
•niles of lake George ; then, after a (horC
courfe E. turn* foutherly, and receives
the Sacondaga from the S. W. which
heads in the neighlwurhooil of Mohawk
river. The courfe of the rivtr thence
to New-York, where it empties into
York Bay, Is very imiformly S. i». or
15 W. Its whole length is about 150
miles. From Albany to lake George is
65 milri. This diAance, the river i*
navigftbic only for hatteaux, and has
tvMO portage*, occafioned by falls, of
h if a mile each. The banks of Hud-
fon's river, efpecially on the wefteru
fnkf as far as the highland* extend, are
chiefly rocky cliffs. The pafllige thro^
the highlands, which is 16 or 18 miles,
affords a wild romantic fcene. In thi*
narrow pais, on each fide of which the
mountains tower to a great height, the
wind, if there be any, is colleftrd and
comprefled, anti blows continually as
through a bellows 1 vellels, in pafHng
through it are often obliged to lower
their fails. The bed of thi* river, which
i* deep and fmooth to an aftonifbing
diftance, through a hilly, rocky coun-
try, and even through ridges of fome of
the higheft mountains in the United
States, mull undoubtedly have been pro-
duced by fome niiglity convulfion in na-
ture. The tide flows a few miles above
Albany, which i* 160 miles from New.
York. It is navigable for floops of 80
ton* to Albany, and for fhips to Hud-
ion. Ship navigation to Albany is in-
terrupted by a number of iflands, and
fhoals 6 or 8 miles below the clty<, call-
ed the Overjlaugb. It has been in con-
templation to confine the river to one
channel, by which means it will be deep-
ened, and the difficulty of approaching
Albany with Vcflels of a larger fize, be
removed. About 60 mite* above New-
York the water becomes frcfh. The
river is llored with a variety of fifh,
which renders a fummer palfige to AI-
banyt delightful and ^nt^mg to thpfe
wh«
w
H U D
who ire fond of sngUng . The tdnn-
tafca of tht« river Ibr ctcryiag on the
Air trade with CwiaJat by meant of the
lakes, are very great. It* convenience*
for internal commcrcf pre fingulaily
happy. The produco of th« rentoteii
forme k eafily and IpeetSily conveyed to
a certain and frofitabic mai-ket, and at
tlie bweii expenfe. In thie i-efpe^l,
New-Voik hu greatly tbie advani^gfc
of Philadelphia. A great proportion of
the produce of Pennlylvania, la canied
tp market in waggun*, over a yreat ex-
tent of country, (ome of which i« rough i
hence it ia that Philadelphia it crowded
with waggons, carts, horfev and their
drivers, to do the i'ame bufiners that is
done in New- York, where all the pro-
duce of the country is brought to mar-
ket by water, with much Ic-iti (hew and
parade. But Philadelphia has'other ad-
vantages, to coinpenfate for this natu-
ral defe^. The incrrafuig ppuUtion
of the fertile laiuls upon the northern
branches of the Hudlon, mud annually
incrcafe the amazing wealth that is con-
veyed by its waters to New York. The
northern and weftern canals, when com-
pleted will be or' incalculable advantage
to the trade of this State.
Hudson's Rivrr, abroad but (hort
river t- mptying Into Chefaueuk Bay, in
Dorchefter county, Maryland. HiH\
Point, N. E. of it, [hapes the broad
niouth of the river.
, Hudson Citv, a port of entry and
Boll-town, iituated in Columbia county,
New-Yurk, on the ead fide of Hudfon's
river 30 miles S. by E. of Albany, and
ijx north of New- York city. The
limits of the corporation include a fcjuare
mile, and its privileges as a purt oi en<
try extend no farther. In the autumn
of 17X3, Meflis. Seth and Thomns Jen-
kins, from Providence, in the Stace of
Rhodc-Idand, fixed on the unlettled
(pot, whereoH this city Itands, for a
town, to which the city is navigable for
I'eiTck of any fize. Tiie city is laid out
into large iquares, bordering on the
river, and dividitl into jo lots. Other
adventiu'ers were admitted to propor-
tions, and the town was laid out in
fquares, fonneil by fpac>' " iv'-eets,
croitng each other at right angles.
Each iqiiare contains )o lota,' two deep,
divided by a ao feet alley. Each lot is
;o feet in front, and no feet in depth.
a kit ,fpi ing of 1 7 84, fcTcral houfei and
I
HUDi «ir.
torn were ereaed. . The incrttA o»
the town from thU period to the ipriig
of i7tfi, two jreah only, wai aAonifli.
ingjy rapid, and itileiSe mat honoor
upon the enterprifing aiuf perfevertug
Ipirit of the original fouodcrs. lu the
(uacc of time juft nleittloBed no !«&
than 1 50 dvrellinrrhourea befidet ftope*
barns and other nuitdingi, fovT ware
huufea, feveral wharvef, ijpcmaceti
works, a covered rope-walk, and on*
of the beft diftilleries in America, were
tTe£>ed, and 1,500 foiiU coljcAed on a
fpot, which three years before, wis im-
proved as a farm, and but two year* be-
fore began to be built. Its increaCi
fiiice haa been very rauid } % printing-
office has been eitabliliied, and fcveial
fmblie buildings have been ercdled, be-
ides dwelling lioufes, (lores. Sec, . The
inhabitants are plentifully, and conve-
niently fupplied with water, brought to
theu* cellars in wooden pipes, trum a
fpring two miles from the town. 'It
has' a large bay to the fouthwanl, 'and
(lands on an eminence from which are
extenCive and delightful views to the
N. W. N. and round that way to tlu
S.E. confifting of hills and valhes, va-
riegated with wowls and orchards,
corn-fields and meadows, wjth the riy«
er, which is in mod places a mile over,
and may be fecn a confiderable diftance
to the northward, forming a number of
bays and creeks. From the S.E. to the
S.w. the city is fcreened with hills, at
different diftances, and wed, afar off
over the river and a large valley, the
profpe^ is bounded by a chain of (lu-
pendous mountains, called the Katts
kill, running to the W. N. W. which
add magnificence and (ublimity to the
whole (cene. Upwards of |ioo(lcighs
entered the cltv daily, for feveral days
topethrr, in I'ebruary, 1786, loaded
with grain of various kinds, boards (hin^
gles, (laves, hoops, iron ware, (lone, for
building, fire-wooti, and lundry arti<^e»
of provifion for the marker, from which
(bme idt-a may be formed of tlie advan-
tage of irs (ituation, with refi>e£l to the
country adjacent, which is every way
cxtenfive and fertile, particularly wcd-
ward. The original prdpvieturs of
Hudibn, offered to purchale a trnfl of
land adjoining the fuu h pnrt of the
city of Albany, and wcrec>n(l rained, by
a refufal of the propofuion. to beco'ne
competitors tor the comai-.Tce of the
northern
■dttnckw COluiCVyt Taen otntfiVift tti^'
wotold have addtd |tN«riMalth nd eon-
ftqaeiKetoAiiiiBy. Tlieit ir a bank
hutt called Bank o^ Colbmbia» whofe
oijj^fali.'^v notexeeed rtfo,oeo dollar..
lit » oompofed of 400 ihareS} at 400 dol-
krs eath. Hud&n dtf U governei' by
armayof, recorder,. 4 :Mertiitti» 4 afllft-
am*, and a naifri)er of other officer*.
rThe number of inhabitanta ' in Htuffln
^cnvMflifi by the cenfu* of >79e> a-
mmtntedro a>5S4» including' V93 flaves }
^ad is «*^peairs ht the State cenfui of
S796 that 33S or the inhabitanta are
defton. Hudfon city it 4 mile* S.
W. of Claverack) 47 nonh of Pough-
tecpfiei and 43 footk of Lanfinburg.
iiVGMSCBVRO) a town in Northum-
tfierland county, Pnuifylvania, called nl-
f6 Catanuefyt being lituated at the
mouth of Catawe% creek, s5 miles N.
X* of ^luibory. It contains about 60
baqtlfoine houfes, and a meeting-houfe
lor Friends. It is 144 rnilti N. W. of
iniiladelphia. N. lat. 40. 54.
Hxjr L, an inconfidierable town in Suf-
folk county, or. the fouth fide of Bofton
barbour, MafTachufetts, containing i2u
inhabitants. On the fort on the eaft
hill theve is a well funk yO feet, which
cbniTnonly has 9o odd fc.t of water.
HuMAS, an Indian village on the eaft
Xde of Miffifippi river in Louifinna, 60
miles above New-Orleans. The Hu-
mas were fcrinerly a conHderable na-
tion, but about 1770 were reduced to
about 15 warriors. The Alabamas,
w! ofe villages are near thofe of the liu-
mas, had, at the above period, about 30
warriors, and followed the French here
when they at indoned the poll on Ala-
bama river in 176a. The Cbetimachap
liave about 37 warrio's.
H17MFER, a river of Newfoundland
Iflaiui, which empties into the c;u!f of
iC.JLaw rente through ihe bay of I(land«.
■vMMii! 'sTowNi a thriving town
Ifa Oauphine county, Fcnnfylvania, con-
.taining a Gemian Lutheran church and
ftbout 90 houfes > fiikuated on the fouth
fde of Swvtaia creek, 6 miles north of
1iiii:1dIetown, 10 E. by N. of Harrif.
burg, ai'-d 100 weft north-r<eft of Phi-
Iadeif)hia.
HuNGCRFCRO, a townfliip in Frank-
lin ccunty, Vermont, containi:ig 40 in-
inbitanis, 7 miles ibuth of the Cmada
Sue atul 14 "juc of Lake Champlain.
KuNOERCREEicaAreiunwhichear-
Het tlte vjtriouf water natdiiiiaryi Iht&f
new and IhriviiMr mamiftAttrinf^ txmat
of Hamilttm, Ketween ilibanjr and'
ScheneAady, New-Tork.
Hu.>ittR, Fort, at milei wipft elf
Scheneftady, on the ibiith fida of Mb*'
hawk river* at the month ^iBchohai'y'
Creek, over which a bridge is abopt xct
be bnih-. Here is an old church built;
in the reien of Htieen Ann, and 3 or 4'
houfes. At thi |>i^crwas the Old Mo*
hawk town^ wh:ch war abandbncd by
that nation as late' as the (bring of i7Sor
Thele Indians had made confiderabic*
advancn^ in civiliaatiD»«-coald general-
ly fpeak theEngliib language, and num-
bers of them made profemon of theii*
faith ia the Chriftian religion* Ita the'
church which is now ftandmg, they ufedf
to attend public worlhip in the Epifco-*
pal form. Thefe Indiana are now fet«>
tied, a part of them on Grand river, a
northern water of Lake Erie, and a part'
of them in another part of Upper Ca-
nada. None of this nation now re-
main in the United States. The fathei^ .
of the only remaining famUy was drown-
ed in 17S8.
Hunterdon CouHty, in New-JerTey^
is bounded N. by that of Morris, E. by
Somerfet, S. E. by Burlingtoa, S. W.
and W. by Delaware river, which fepa-
rates it from the State of Pennfylvania.
and N. W. by Suflex county. It is
about 40 miles long, and 3s broad, isr
divided into 10 townlhips, and contains
so,a53 inhfibitants, including 1,301
flaves. On the top of Mulkonetcong
mountain m this ccunty, is a noted me-
dicinal fpring, much retorted to. It if-
fues from the fide cf a mountain into ait
artificial refervoirf for the accomoda-
tion of thofe who wifh to bathe in? aa
well as to drink, the waters. It is ar
ftrcHig chalybeate. Trenton is the chief
town.
Hvnterstowm, a village of Penn-
fylvania, fituated in York county, zc
miles W. by S. of York-Town.
Hvwtinq-Creek, in Virginia, runs
eaft into Patowmack river, at the £outh
comer of the territory of Columbia.
Hunting-Creek-Town, a village
in thenuiiiiem part of Dotchefter coun-
ty, Maryland'; 14 miles N. N. W. of
Vienna, z6 S. by W. of Denton, an<l it
N. E. of Cambridge.
Huntingdon Colkgel See Gtor^ia,
Huntingdon, an cxtenGve and
mountainous
H U R
irimAndnoos comtj in Tenti^lvMa;,'
koanded N. tad N. W. by Lywcmingf
•dumy, E. and H. E. by Mifltin, 8; E.
bjr f rankRn, S. an.l 3, W. hy BedfiMTd
add flonwrfet, atti vrtft by Weftmorc-
land. It it aboat 75 miles bttg and 39
broad) tontaim a,43«,96o acres <^
landy divided into 7 tewnfliips, wliith
contain 7,56$ inhabitants. Limellaae,
ifon ore and lead ar« found here. A
furaace and two forget mumfiifture
conTideraUe qtiantities of pig and bar
itcn, and lioltow ware{ large works
lisve alfo been eftahliflied for manufac-
tiiring of lead. Chief town, HoDtlng-
doB.
HuirriiiODOK, the capital of the
above county, fituated on the N. E.
fide of Juniatta river, and at the mouth
of Standing Stone creek, 50 miles fixim
the month of Juniatta, contains about
^ houfes, a court-houfe, and gaol. It
It about 23 miles W. 8. W. of Lewis
Town, and 1S4 W. N. W. of Phila.
delphia.
HvNTiNoo&N, a poft-town on the
north fide of Long Ifland, New- York,
fituated at the head of a bay in Suffolk
county, which fets up fouth from the
found, contains about 70 hotifes, a Fref^
byterian and Epiicopal church. It is
ii miles E. by N. of New- York city.
It is oppofite to N. 'k in Connecti-
cut, aiui contains 3,200 ^habitants; of
tiiefe, 5SS are ekftors, ai3 flaves.
Huntingdon, a townlhip in York
county, Pennfylvania.
Huntington, a townfliip in Pair<
fteM county, Conneftirat, feparated
from Derby on the north-eaft by Strat-
ford river.
HvNTtN&-T0WN, a vilh^ on the
weft fide of Chefapeak bay m Mary.
land, fituated on the S. £. fide of Hunt-
ing Creek^ in Calvert county, 'j miles
M. by W. of Prince Frederick, luul 12
E. N. E. of Port Tobacco.
HuNTSBURG, a townfliip in Frank
Kn county, in Vermont. It is fituat«i
«n the Caiiada line, having 46 inliabit-
•ats.
HuKTsriLLB, a poft-town in North-
Carolina, 10 miles from Bcthania, and
16 iVom Rockford.
HuKEa Y, a townOtip in V\Aer eotin-
ty. New. York, containing 847 inhabit*
|mt8{ of whom 116 are eleftors, and
S45 flaves. The eompaCl part con-
taiai jriwiic }• IftnSnp btuaMd Vkl^
Gi itai, ^ibdot itAle* tinm iSie iMt
tik of HtatckTi river, Ml too tlMtt
of Kew.YbrK. The lands aromd it
artf&Hf MdJutik, brit infofM mUdt'
wild onions.
HvnoNf one of the five principal
northern lakes. It lies between 4}. )o«
and 47. 30. N. lat. 9Ad between So. 45.
and <4. 45. W. long, and it reckoned,
to be upwahl*«f <oo«r mile^ in drcMM
ference. The fiAi are of tie fiunir kual-
as in LalMr Superior, and-iC OonanHnti-
cates vrith that lake tikrmgh tltt ftraii#
of St. Marie on tbeK. W. witb MicM^
gtm on the W. and with- Erie on the Si
It is of a triangular ihapcf, and onrtbe Sr
W. part is Sagumun or Sagana bay, 9#-
miles in length, and about ttaeiaim
breadth ; the otherraoft remaiffcable baf^
it Thunder Bayi which fee—atfo (e#
MMMtauihi Jfland, and NRchiUuttaittiM'-
ack. On the banks of the fake afi#
found amaxnig quantities of land' eher**
net. The land bordering on the we^
em fliore of the lake ia greatly iiifetiot'
in quality to that on Lake Erie. It is^
mixed with fand and Onall ftones, and!,
is principally covered with pines, bireEi«
and fome oaks; but a Httle diljtanco^
from the lake the Pjil is very luxurtaitt^
Twenty years ago, part of the tndiaii
nations, called Chepaways and Ottawa»«'
whoinlMbited round Sagulnnm, bay and
on the banks of the lake could forniAi
zoo warriora; and thoTe oif the latter
nation, who lived on the E. fide of Lalti^
Michigan, ai miies from MichilKtmalA*
kinack could f«k'ni(h zoo warriors.
Huron, afin.^iriveroftheN. W.
territory, which, after a courfeof 39
miles, falls into Lake St. Clair from dbe
N. W. Gnadenhuetten lies on this ri*'
ver. Alfo the name of another finaU
river in the fame territory, wbieh ruil^
N. eaftWard mto lake Erie, 40 m^
weftward of Cayahcm, and 15 S. E. o(.
the mouth of Sandutty .Lake.
HYani^ Road. See Bmrm/hMit ill
MaiTichufetts.
HVDB, a maritiaae county inNeisi*
bem diftriA, North Carolina ; l^nnddl
E. by tlie ocean, W. by Beaufort cooA>
ty, N. by Tyrrel, md S. by Cartereti
It contains 4120 iqhabitantr, of wfaontf
ie4& are flaves.
Hyco.otbb, or ifyctt a liradl
river which empties into the Dan, irfwal
4 milcf aboff th» mmrtb of StauntiA
riwr, >
M
•Ht I L 1
'MvoMVARKii town(hi|i {n Orlwni
•9HiUyi h Vtrmont, fsontatnini 4S •»*
MNlintit It ii t| mitta S. oTrl^ C«-
nk|p )inti ami ft6 north by caft ot Bin-
MiHgteii.
I
I AGO. $ct 7«ff«f sr }^<tf«>
IatAi a bity on thg coait oF Chill.
IaiiBftVit.1.1, « rWrr or rather a ibn
^niutiral caiMil> of Wi Florida* witicli,
whtii tb« MuQfippi ov«ri!owi, aid i«
high fnoM|h to run into itt (which i*
(Nitrally in tht month* of May, }mt,
Ud July) forma a communication for
SAmii di-awing thrw or four frtt, from
• MiUnrippi to the gutph of Mexico,
•ai^wardi through the bke> Muuripat
and Pontchartram. Thi» canal, which
ha* biien liignifttd with the name of
rivcri ia dry all the rell of the v<.»i-. It
t» a mile below a village of Alabnma Tn-
«tlan», SS milei ft win the fcttlcmcnt* ot
Point Coupc^, 99 W. by N. 1 1 New.
Orlcana, ao4N. W. oftlie Bal ic, nnd
S\y. of Feni'acula, by the above
» It rcccivei the river Amit, or
K, from the northwani, which ii
navigable for batt'^ tux tu a confiilerable
dliftance.
ICA^VB Pr)tNT,on the E. end of the
Ulandot St. Dtuningo, lat. 19. a.
ICHUA-TOWN,in the Genclfcecoim.
try in the State of New. York, i* m In-
dian village at the mouth of Ichua
Crctk, a north-cailem hend water of
Alleghany river. It is 60 itiiivs radcrly
of Put Erie, 70 E. by S. of La BoKid,
and 67 S, W. by S. of Hartt'oivl on Ge.
n«(r«c riv«r.
ICVN ADA DB BaRRVQaN, a town Oil
mt river I.a Plata, in S. America. See
0mmt jins.
Icy CApa ia the nortb-wc'^cnimort
keadhndof N. America, fituutcd in the
Korthem oceni;!. Bftw^n this cape
and Cape North in Afia, is the opening
into 9<hring*a Strait*, which ic;id from
Um Northern into the Pacific uccan.
lONAClO, St. a town in the eudern
part of Peru, and on the N. (Uic of A-
fMton river.
Igornacuoix, a bav in tlie iflanJ
Jf Newtbundland, fouthward of St.
o]m*< Bay.
Ileiones, or St, Chirks, a town
•piUa 8. lidc of the iHand of St, Do.
;.". ... ■ -. .44*4
T L L
mingo. and too fathoma from tlta city .
of St. Domingo. Tt i» inhahlicd by
cmigranta from the Canary Iflandi, and ,
hat a f(Bw itrccts which run from tha
four cardinal pointa, and cut each other
nt right angifi. The inliabitar\ia are,
the mod inmilb'ious UL»pi« in the 8pa-
nifti part of ihc ifbnd.
Ilhbob, a'cantain(hip S. of that called
Bay of Ali'Siiintii, and in tiic mtddit
divifion of Bia/il. Chief town, Paya.
illteoa, the capital of the above province*
(liinda id>out )o leacura N. B. of Porto
Setturo, and as far 8. W. of the Bay of:
AliSainta. It i» watered by a river
of the (nine name, nivi containa aliout
100 tamilic*. S. lat. 15. 40. W.lon.
34. ««.
iLLtNOia, a hvg« navigable river of
the N. W. Teiritoiy, foimeil by the con*
fluence of the rivers Plein, and Thrsiki-
ki, in 41. 4.8. N. lat. and in8B.4i.W.
longitude. This noble brunch of tha
Miitifinpi, after ninnins a licrpeniine
S. W. courft, through an exttnfive
country of rich, fertile land, and rcccivt
ing a valt number of rivera Horn to to •
too yarda wide, which are navigable
for boAta from i s to 1 80 milea, approach-
ei within 5 milea of the Miftlfippi { from
thence running eaftward about la milea,
it paya Ita tribute by a mouth 400 yards
wide, in 38. 40. N. lat. and in 91. la,
W. longitude { oppofite the large cave,
176 tiiilea above tlie Ohio and 18 above
the Miflburi. The landa on the banks
of thelllinoia, particularly thofeon the
S. B. fide, aru perhapa aa fertile aa any
paitof North- America. They produce
in thentoft luxuriant plenty, wheat, ryr»
Indian corn, peaa, ncant, flax, hemp,
teb.icco, hopa, grapea, appica, pear8»
peaches, dying roots, medicinal plantH»-
&c. Here alio grow large forell8>
of hickory, oak, cedar, mulberry treea»
&c. Savanna*, or n;itu<'al meadows
are both numeroua and extenfive. Iti
the forella are great variety of animals,
as buifhloea, deer, &c. and in the rivers
areplentyof fifii, particuKirly Qat, carp,
and perch, of ar. > normous fize. Such
is the abundance of wild grapea in this
country, that in the year 1769, the
French planters upon thia river made
above iiohhds. of tlrong wine, fram
theii; grapes. On the north-weftern
fide of thia river is a coal mine, which
extend* for half a mile along the mid-
dle of its banks, and about the fame dif.
tiuice
fimte helow the coal mln« lire two fait
nnndi, 100 yai-di In circuinticrenct, and
ftveril feet in depth. The water {«
ftnp^nAnt. and nf a yetlowifh colour ) but
the Pr«nch and nativei makeu gooti fait
from it. The Illinoiiftirnifht«a com-
nmnication with lake Michigan, by
f!hicavo river, betwt-cn which and the
Illinoii are two |>ott;>>re(i, the length of
which do nut cxcrcd 4. niilcy. The
whole length «f the river from the fonrre
of Theitkiki, which ii hut a ftio' t dif-
fance from tlie river St. Jofcph, oppo-
fitc to Fort St. JoCeph On the north, it
4to miles. The Indians have ceded to
the United Stateii, by the ticafy of
Greenville, !n 179'r, a trnft of bm! 11
rnilea fqiiare, at or near the mouth of
the Tllinois ; alio a Uai\ 6 milea fquare,
nt the Old I'iadns tort and village near
the (onfh end of Illinois Lake. That
lake In only a dilatation of the river, and
is fiti'.iircd about 440 miie* below the
fouice of Tlieaklki, and 43 below the
hiU Pon<ls. It ii to miles long and 5
miles broad in the middle.
Illinois Indiaftt inhabit near Caho-
kia on the Midllipiii. Warriors 160.
lMPBRtAl.K,acity of Chili in South-
America, 6 leagues from the South Seat
having the river Cauten to the ibtith
nml another rivrr to the weft, both na-
vij^rable. ft in fituated on a riHnc; ftecp
neck of land, hard to be afcendcd. In
1600, it was taken by the Indians, afrer
a year's ficge } moft i»f the inhabitants
having pcriftied by famine. They
bwrnr the town, and then laid fietjc to
Sofomo. In this war Valdivia, Argol,
Sintla Crni, Chilla, and Villa Rica
were taken. Alter which they became
l'<) confident of their (trenpith, that they
fout!;ht the Spani.inls bravely, and in
fome meafure revL-nped the crueliie-s
they had committed npont'ieir country-
men. The Spaninrds afrcrwards built
a town lie:e called CoHceptm ; which
i€t'. S. ht. ■^8. 4.2. VV. I uij;. 73. 75.
^*i^G\} \^ Great nnd I.itllr, two (mill
iflands in the Windwarvl I'^ll'iov. N. W.
of the iflamlof St. Domingo, and N. E.
of the idnid of Cii!)a.
iNATTKNDt/E IJlatiJ, (the Gower
Irtand oF Carteret) lb named by S«r-
ville, lies on the north fide of the iHands
of ArCacidcs, »». 4.'. saft of Port Praflin.
Incat, h Ibntiiern brancli of Amazon
river in S. America.
IVDEPENOSKCE MoUNT, is fltUatcd
en the ftraU through whtdi the wtteri
of Lake Owrge tvA E«ft B«y flow in«
to Lake Chaniplainf in the N. W. ptn of
thr town of Orwell in Rutlami countyi
Vermont, and oppofite to Ticondcroga*
Indian Bay liea on the weft fide of
Bonavilta Bay, in Newfoundland liUuid*
Indian Old Town, atown inL'.n*
coin county, in the Diftrifl of Mr.ine*
fituated on an ifland in PenobfcoY /ivcr»
jolt above the Great Falls, and about
60 below the Forks. Here arc about
100 families, who arc Roman CRtholict|
the remains of the Penubfcot tribe, ana
the only Indians who rclide in the Dif«
U\i:\ of Maine. They live together in
a regular fbciety, and are increafing in
number ; the Sachems bavins laitf an
injtm6>ion on the youn^ |>eopIe to mar«
ty early. In a former war, this tribe had
their lands taken from them { but at tht
commencement of the American rcvo*
lotion, the Provincial Congrefs grant*
eil them a traA of land, 11 miles wide»
interle6l^d in the middle by the river.
They have a right, in preference to anjr
other tribe, to hunt and fiOi as far At the
mouth of the bay of Penobfcot extends.
In their town is a decent church with •
bell ) and a prieft refides among theni
to adminilter the ordinances.
Indian Orchard, a tra£l of hind in
Northampton county, Pennfylvania^ on
the W. fide of Delaware river, on tho
river Lexawacfein.
I NDi ANA, a territory in Virginia, ly-
.'ng between Ohio river and the Lanrel
Mountain, containing about 3I million <
ol acres. It is nearly of a triangular
form, and extends in kngth froni the
Pcnrrylvania line to the waters of the
Little Kaahaway,, It was granterl to
S;imutl Wharton, William Trent, and
George Morgan, elitjuires, and a few
other perfons, in the year 176U, by the
Shawa'ieCe, Delaware and Huron tribes
of Indians, as a compjnCation for lofTes
to the amount of 8 5,91 61. los.Sd. cur-
jcncy, which thele people had fuftained.
by the dcprcdationfi of the Indians, in
the year 176^. It is a valuable trafl: of
land ; but the title of the proprietors,
tho' pronounced good by a Committer
of Congrd's in 178^, isatprefent embar*
rafied in conlequencc of the revolution.
iNDiANE, a fmall harbour in the inland
of Cape Bnton.
Indian River, or Cyprefs StvamPf
lies partly io the States ei Maryland and
Q[^ Delaware,
J>ehware. Thit moraft extttadi 6 ihilM
from caft to weft, and nearly ta from
north to (buth, including an area of
nearly 50,000 acres of land. The whole
of this fwamp is a high and level bafon,
very wet, thougli undoubtedly the high-
eft land on that part of the coaft.' Falfe
Cape, at the mouth of Indian river, and
the N. E. part of Cedar Ntrk is in 38.
SS. 15. N. lat. and 11^ nules fouth of
die Itght-houfe at Cape Henlopen. Ce-
dar Swamp contains a gr«at variety of
planis, trees, wild beafts, birds, and
reptiles.
Indian Rivek, on the eaft coaft of
thepeninfuJauf E. Florida, rifes a fliort
diftance from the lea-coaft, aiid runs
from north to ibuth, forming a kind of
inland paflage for many miles along the
coaft. It is alio called Rio Ays, and
has on the north fide of its mouth the
E>hit El Palmer, on the fouth that of the
eech. N. lat. tj. 30.W. long. 80. 40.
Indian iliver, Diftrifl of Maine, a
finali arm of thefea, between Chandler's
and Pleafaiit river.
iHDt A« ItL A fiT>. See Peiiobfcct River.
Indians. The amount f Indian
population, in America can only be
cuefled at. The new difcovered iAands
in the South Sea, and part of the N. W.
eoaftmre probably the moft populous.
The heU inlormed have conjectured the
number of aboriginal inhabitants, or In-
dtaiis, in America, to be under two mil-
lions and a half. The decreafe fince
the difcovery of America, has been
amazing: At that period, the illand of
Hifpaniola alone contained at leaft a
million of inhabitants ; Bartholomew
de las Cafas eftimated the number at
three millions. Millions were buried in
tlie mines or hunted to death by the
Spaniards, both on the iflands and con-
tinent. In the northern parts of Ame-
rica, numbers were doubtlefs deftroyed
in foi-ming the Englifli, Dutch, and
French colonies} but notwithftanding
the ruptures between the colonics and
the Indians, very few comparatively pe-
riftied bv war. Famine, and its com-
panion the peftilence, frequently deftroy
whole tribes. The difeafes alio intro-
duced by the Europeans, have made
great havtick ; the ipiritous liquors in
the ule of which they have been initiat-
ed by the whites, prove perhaps nioft
of all repugnant to population. They
«rafteas the Eiuop^ans advance} they
IN D
moulder away, and dilapptar. Tha
moft numerous tribes are at the greateft
dittaiKC from the fettlemeiits of the
whites, and it is veiy certain that in pro-
portion to their diftance they are unac-
qiiaiutcd with the ufe of H^e-arms. All
the nations noith of lake Superior, and
thofe beyond the MiHifippi, u(e only
bows and arrows, Co that whe*^ theif
leattered fituation is conlidertd, t.he va«
rious cuftoms and fuperfticions which
it/would be necelTary to reconcile, in
order to produce unity of a£lion, and
what a fma!! proportion of the^ have
the apparatus, or underftand the ufe of
murquetryjorpoflcls relburces to enable
them to carry on laf^iig houllities againft
the power of the United States, it muft
be obvious that even paitial defeats of
the federal troops will haften their ruin,
notwithftanding the wonderful dexteii-
ty and intrepidity which they exhibited
in feveial aaions with thi.> regular troops
in the late war. But thit neither is nor
ought to be the wiOi of the inhabitaivi
of the United States} they ought to
teach them the bleflings of pe»ce, and
curb the exorbitant lult of farther ex«
tent of territory.
A lift ot Indian tribes, in Imlay's
Hiftory of Kentucky, makes the -aggre-
gate number lei's than 60,000 who
inhabit the country from the gulf of
Mexico on both fides of the Miflirippi,
to the gidph of St. Lawrence, and as
far weft as the country has been ge-
nerally explored, that is, to the head
water of the Miflifippi, and from thence
a good way up the MiHouri, and betweeit
that river and Santa Fe. To give any
account of the nations farther fouth, far
lefs in S. America, would be a talk be-
yond all bounds ; the chief of rhefe are
noticed under their refpeAive names :
The population of tlie Indian nations
in the Ibuthem parts of the United
States, fomewhat difterent from Tt!'
lay, is, accoixling to Mr. Purcell, who
refided among them in 1780, as foU
lowst
Cun-nuH. Total.
Mufcogees, commonly
called Creeks
Chaflaws
Chickafawt
Cherokees
Catabaws
5,860
♦>»3»
575
»,8oo
150
^— «— •
»J»5><
i7,iSo
«3i4*|
1,190
8.550
4$0
4«i»33
Tht
>■'
I N D
The* above red nations have increAfed
in a fmail degree fince the general peace
cftablifhed among them in i777< The
Whites incorporated among them are
few in number, and lead a vagabond
liftt going from tribe to tribe as their
reftleU dilpolition leads them. The in-
trcafe 6^ population is coniiderably
checked by th« quantities of adulterat-
ed and poifonous fpirituous liquors, and
the ven«k-eal diftentper introduced a-
mong them by the whitei.
Major-Gen. Anthony Wayne, put an
end to the deftru6tive war with the In-
dians by a treaty of (ieace and friendfliip
concluded at Greenville Aug. 3, 1795,
which was ratified by the Prefldent of
the United States, Dec. aa, 1795,
The Indian tribes figned the treaty in
the following order: IfjanddtSy Dela-
nuarei, ShanuanotttOtta'wastChipa'was,
Ottanvat Pata'watames o( the river of
St. Joieph, PatoFutatames of Huron,
Mianues, Miamiit and Etl Rivtr, Eel
'River tribe, Miamis^ Kickapoot and
Ka/ka/kiast Delmuares of Sandulky,
and inme of the Six Nations living at
Sandiiflcyi Thefe Indian? ceded to the
United States various trajts of land fi'om
2 to t a miles fquare near ihe different
pofts in the N. W. Temtory. The
United States delivered to the Indian
tribes above hamed in goods to the va-
lue of so,oou dollars ; and agreed to
deliver in goods to the value of 9,^00
dollars annually, for ever. The portion
^'hich each tribe is to receive will be
ften in the account of the particular
nation or tril>e.
Little is yet known of the I.idians in
the interior parts of North-Americat
In 1792, Mr> Stewart, faid to be in the
employ of the British court, returned
from ibur years travels through the
hitherto unexpkired regions to the weft-
ward. Taking his courfe weft-fouth-
wefteiiy from the pofts on the lakes,
he prnrtrated to the head of the MifTou-
ri, and from thence due W. to withhi
500 miles of the Ihores of the Pacific
oeean. He joined the interior Indians
in ftfveral battles againft the (bore In^
diansi, all which coming (hort of his ob-
jtfl, the procuring a peace, fo that he
might explore the continent from fea
t« lea; after Ibme ftay. he returned
dearly by the fame route he had pur-
liicd m going outt Beyond the Miiibu-
ri,,Mr. Stewart mst with many power-
I N a Hf
fltl nltionsi in general iiorp{td>le and
courteous. The Indian nations he in-,
fited weftwan|» appeared to be a poliih*
ed and civiliicd people,, hiving towna
regularly built, and being in a (|ate (4
Ibciety not far removed from that of
the Europeans, and only wanting the
u(e of iron and fteel to be perfeolv fot
They arc always cl%d in fltins cut in an
I elegant manner^ and in many refpe&s
prefierable to the garments in ufe among
the whitest Adjacent to thefe nation*
is a vaft ridge of mountains, which may
be called the Alleghany of the weltern
parts of America, and lerves as a barri-
er againft the too frequent incurfloni of
the coaft Indians, who entertain a mor-
tal antipathy to the nation, and tribea.
inhabitmg the country eattward of the
mountains.
Indian-Town, ih Maryland) a viU
lage fituatcd on Indian Creek, on the
S. E. bank of Choptank river, and in
Dorehefter county, } miles S. W. of
New- market.
Indian-Town, a fnna>l poft-town of
N. Carolina, le miles from Sawyer'a
Ferry, and 5* from Edenton^
Indies. See Weft'Indiesi
Incraham, Portf on the Wellem
fideofWafliington Ifland.onthe N. W*
coaft of N. America, is divided into two
parts by Young Frederick's Ifland. Ii!
la a fine harbour for wintering in^ being
near the fea, and having deep water*
N. lat. 5?, 37. W. long. 133. 18.
Ingraham yiett in (he South Pacific
ocean, lie N. N. W. of the Marquefaa
Iflands, from 35 to 50 leagues diftant,
and are 7 in number, viz. Oetvona, or
Waftiington } tt^ooapoo, or Adams ;
Lincoln ; Noobeeva, or Federal { Ta.
too-e-tee, or Franklin; Hancock, and
Knc'X. The names in Italic are theft
.by which they arc known to the natives.
The others were given them by Cap-
tain Jofeph Ingraham, of Bofton in'
MafTactiufetts, commander of the brig,
antine Hope of Bofton, who difcovered
them on the 19th ot April, 1791, a day
rcir.urkable in the annuls of America,
the revolutionary war having com-
menced on that day in 1775, and the
firft difcoveriek made under the flag of
the United States marked its 16th anni-
verfaryii Thefe iftands, lying between
8. 3. and 9. 241 S. lat. and between
140. 19. ar.d 141. 18. W. long, from
Greenwich, are moftly inhabi'ed, and
<^i ?p^}ur
•44 lovr
iMKir %»Ne ftMraMy varic|Med with
hills and vaUi«s ahotindinf; with timber,
wi very plealknt. ^^hafok, or Fcdc-
Ml <flaQO» it re{M<efente4 by the iMtivcs
W be «he largeft, 'moft populctis nnd
yrodtiAiwof the wiiole^ whkh, they
^ fiiy , are t o iti Dumlicr. The peonie re-
itinblc thol'e ot' the Marq«ic4a« Ifland* ;
M do their cMMet, which are carved at
taeh end. Cotton of a tuperior quality
r» here. The nativct ware h'iend-
Petore Tnpraham's difcovery was
known, Captain Joftah Robei ts, of Bof-
ttm, failed in the fttip Jefferlbn for the
N, W. <f>3^t and liiccwile dii«ovcre<l
theft 'Aands. He raw them different
ittmes \ hut to aToid conlruriun the read-
er i« referred to «ach iflaiid under the
Indian namt^whc'k.tt is known. Astheie
iflands lie in that pnit of the Pacific O-
etwi, through wiiichvtflils from Europe
•t' Amerieo, bound lo the N. W. couft,
mult |>ai«, aitd are Rot far out «f thcu'
%ka\ track, tb«y may be vifited fo^ re-
frefliment in cal'e of need. See Naoht-
«Mr, and Mmqut/as JJIands, Sec.
iNiRCHtA Ki^ER, or Caeuela, the
rame of Orinoco ri¥er, at it» Iburce
in the mountains, weihvard, between
New Granada and Feru, not far from
the South Sea.
fNHA-QuiTO, one of the fpacious
^iiv« vpon th^ N. tideof Quito, in Peru.
Ins£VA KiVER,ifthia3owninfome
mapa a* the noith-weOern and main
branch of St. Croix river, an eaftein
urater of the Miflifippt, rifing in the 48th
4egreie of nort h lat it ude.
Inverness, New, a town on the river
Alatamaha, in Georgia, built by a com-
pany of emigrants from the Highlands
of Scotland, 130 of whom were brought
over by Gen. Oglethorpe in 1734. It
is about zo miles from KrcJerica. Thefe
fettlers prefcnted a molt pathetic and
prophetic remonrtrance to Gin. Ogle-
tHorpe in January, 173*, againft the in-
Croduiiiion of flavcs into the colony.
Iowa, a rivej' or Louiilana, which
Tuns foiith-eallward into the MifTifippi,
in N. ht. 4.1. 5. 6 1 miles f»bove the
lovM Rapids, where on the E. fule of
the river is the Ltnver loava Tawv,
which 10 years ago could furnifli 500
warriors. ' The Upper Iowa Town is
about 15 miles below the mout<h of the
river, alio on tlie E. ll le of the Miflifip-
pi, and «euld formerly furnifh 400 war-
f iws. iiee Rivkrt du t^im.
IRE
Ivtwicn, the Agawam ef tfitliv.
dkna, ia a poft-town and port of entry
on both iideii of Ipfwich river, in Eflnt
county, JMaflitchiUetts, it miles fouthof
NewWaryporc, ionorth->eaft oi BweVly,
31 M. £. by N. of fioAon^ «iid abput 4
nrile from the Tea. The townAiip of
Ipfwich is divtileH into 5 parifliesy and
contains 6ot houfes, :ind 450a inliabi-
tants. There is an excellent ftont
bridge acrols Ipfwich river, compoOd
of two arches, with ent fohd pier m the
bed of the river, which connects the
two parts of the town, executed under
the direction oi the late Hon. Judge
Cboatc. This was heretofore a place
of much more eoniideration tliau at
preient* Its decline is attributed to a,
barred harbour and fhoals in the river.
Its natural fituation is plealant, and on
all accounts exctedingly well calculated
to be a large manufacturing town. The
I'upreme judicial court, the courts of
common pleas and fefliuns are held here
once a year, on the ill Tuefday of
April; and from its central fitoatioAy
it appears to be tiie moft convenient
Slaee for all the courts' and public of-
ces of the county. The inhabitants
are chidly farmers, except thofe in the-
compaS: part of the townfliip. A few
veffids are employed in the filhery, and
a few trade to the Weft Indies.^ Silk
and thread lace, of an elegant texture,
are manufafliui ed here by women and
children, in large quantities, and fold
for ufe and exfrartation in Bofton, and
other mercantile tov/n». In 1790, no
lefs than 41,979 yards were made here,
and the manuFaiSuie is rather incrcafing.
Ipl'wich towiifhip was incorporated in
. 1/534, and is 378 miles N. E.ot Philadel-
phia. N. lat. 4z. 43. long. 70. 50.
Ipswich, New, a townHbipin Hillf-
borough county, New-HampHure, con-
taining 1x41 inhabitants, fiiiiated on the
weft fide of Souheagan river, and fepa-
rated from Whatohook Mountain by the
north line of Mafiachufetts } 56 milt*
N. W. of Bofton, and about 77 weft of
Poitimouth. Itwas incorporated ini76a,
and has in it a Houriftiing academy.
Irasbvrg, a townlhip in Orleans
county, in Vermont, fituated on Black
river, 17 miles N. of Hnztn Block- houi'e.
and 11 S. of the Canada line.
Iredell CoT7NTY,in Sallfbury dif-
trifV, N. Carolina, is furrounded by Sur-
ry, Ko\vaii, and Btuke. The climate is a-
gieeabfe
/■
I » A
frenible «ild healthv ; the ktnds beaati-
fully variegated with hUlt, and the Coil is
rich. ItcontaiNi 543 5 iiilMhs. ofwhom
{58 areftavet. At Indeil cnuit-houi'e ia a
poft-office. It i« 25 mileii front Salifbuiy,
and »5 from Charlotte court-houfe.
Ireland, NEw,alonginrrowiflatid
in the Pacific ocean, N.ofNewBi'Itain,
exti:nding from the N. W. to the S. E.
about 170 niilcs, and in gtnentl very
naiTow J between 3. and j- S. lar. and
14.6. 30. and 15). li;. long, from Paris.
Tlie inltabitantii are negroes. The iilaad
is covered with wood, ami abuunds with
pigeons, parrots, and other birds. Welt
and N. W. of New Ireland, lie Sand-
wich, Portland, New Hanover, and Ad-
miralty lAand^, diicovcrcd and named
by Captain Carteret, in 1767. The
tracka oF Le Mairc and Schouten in
|6i6, of Roggewinin 17x2, andofBou-
gainviHe in 1768, pals thefeidnnds.
Iftois, Points ue, or Irijb Poiat, a
village on tlie W. end of tli« tOand of
St. Domingo.
Iao.N Banks, a tra^t of landon the
£^ ilde of the MiiBlippi, below thenoouth
of the Ohio.
Iron Castlb, one of th? fort* of
Porto Btllo, in S. America, which Ad-
miral Vernon took and dcttioyed in
> 739' T'he Spaniards call it St. Philip
dc todoFierra.
Ironde(^at, ealled inlbmemaps
■pe Rundeguf, VL gaW ix bay on the S.
lidc (if the Lake Ontario, 4. miles £. of
Walker's at the mouthof Geneflec river.
Iron Mountains, Great, in the
State of Tcnneiree; extend from the river
Tennefllc; to that of French Bread from
J6. W. to N. E. } farther to the N.E.the
range has the name of 3 dd Mountain,
and beyond the Nolachucky, that of
Iron Mountains. The Iron Mountains,
i'eems tQ be the name generally applied
to the whole range, {t conftitiites the
boundaiy between the State of Temief-
fee, and that of North- Carolina, and ex-
tends fron near the k \ mines, on the
Kanhaway, throuj'h the Cherokee coun-
try, to the Ibuth of Chota, apd termi-
nates near the fources of the Mobile.
The caverns nnd cafcades in thefe
mountains are umumerable.
Iroquois. Ste Six Natkus.
Iroqjjois River, See Strrel.
titviN Rvver is a wefterih headwRter
«if the Neus, in N. Catolina.
IsABBL, St. one ot' thr lAands of
I ft C i4$
Solomon* too mil«» m cirennftitme ia
the Pacific Oce^n, 7. 30. S. lat about
i<o leagoca W. of limaydilcovitcd by
MciiJ?"a. I <;67, whofc inbabttanta ai«
cannibals, ana . 'ocAiip icrpents^ MirIs,
and other animala. Th«ir ctfinphcxton
is bronze, their halt woolly,' an«i «li«y
wear no covering bnt i^ und the waift^
The peoplt; are divided into I ribea, wA
are conftantly at war with saob ««lit/.
Bats were fsL'n here, which front ode ex«
treniiry of their win^s to the othcr« m*a«
iiued 5 feet. Dampier^ who has th« re*
putation of (;xa6tiiirl8, fays that lie faW|
in the I'ln^ll illand of Sahuda,onthe W*
coalt of Papua, bata as large as young
rabbits, having wings 4. feet in txCcnt
from on^ tip to tlie othcr^
Isfit^i.LA Fiver. See Osunmi. .7.
ISABBi.LA.Pe;.';;, lies on the N. fide
of the iiland of St. Doniuigo,and fonna
the N. £. fide nf tlie bay of ita name*
N. lat. 19. 51; 10. This i« the port
where Columbus formed the Brit Spa«
uiOi fettkmenton tlte ifl.ind, and named
both it and the point after his patronefs
Qiieen Ilitbelia. He entered it in th«
night, driven by a tempeft. It is over*
looked by a very hi^h mountain flat at
the top, and liirroundai with rocks, but
is a little expoicd t&the H. W. wind.
The river Ifabella which faila into it» is
confiderable. There are t<)) fathoms of
water to anchor in. The IcttkmeHt
wasbegunln 1.493, was given up in 14961
when its inhabitants wvre carried to tha
city of St. Domingo, which oviginnDy
was called New li'abella. The bay ia
faid to hdtve good anrliorage for (hips df
war. It is about 29 leagues eaft bf
north of Cape Francois, meafuring in a
Ifraight line^
Isc/ijor rather /r«, with Pifco and
Nai.ca, three towns from which a juril^
diftion of Lima ii> Peru, S. America^
has its name. Qreat quantities of wine
are made here and exported to Calao.
It a!lb produces ejjcellent olives, either
for eatj'j'tg or for oil. The fields which
are watered by trsiicfaes, yield an un-
common pl<?ri(y of wlieat, mai2e, and
fruits. I'hif jnrifdifHon is remarkable
for fjtacioua woods of earob- trees, with
thje ir4kt ef which the itthabit.mta fee^
numbers of afitn, for tke ufea o/agnicuiU
tiue, to this and the ReigUKA>ring.j^i(r>
dt^totta. Tbc IndKaita wbo Uve. aear tho
fca appiy thami^vas to fiOur g» «ad after
Saking tfaf iOk »Fiy then to a gpo4
M*
J AC
I
market ii| the town* among the inoun*
taSni.
IsVANDS, Bay eft on the fouth coaft
of Nova-Scotia.
IsLB OF WlQHTt acounty of Virgi-
niai On the Ibuth fide of Jaqiet's river,
weft of Noifolk, county, being about 40
mitea long and 1 5 broa'd, and contains
9,018 inhabitant«,including 3,8$7flaves.
A mineral fpring has been dilcovered
near the head of the weft branch of Nan-
femond river, about i o miles from SnMth-
field, and la from Suffolk. It is m; . 'i
refortr ->, and famed for its ni^dici 1
qualities.
Isle Royal, on the nor(h-weft 'id;
of Lake Superior, lies within thet<..ri-
tory of the United States north>weft of
the Ohio, is about 100 miles long, and
many pifices about 40 broad. The
Natives liippofe that this and the other
idands in the lake are the refidenceof the
Great Spiiit.
ISLESBOfiovGH, atowniliip in Han-
cock county, Maine, formed by Long-
Ifland, in the centre of Pcnobfcot Bay,
3 5 miles in length, and from a to 3 in
breadth. It was incorporated in 1789,
tontains %ti inhabitants, and is s6o
miles N. E. by N. of Bofton.
Isles Db Madame lie at the fouth
end of Sydney, or Cape Breton Illand,
6n which they are cte'pendant. ' Tiie
largeft of thefe, with Cape Canfo, the
caft point of Nova-Scotia, form the en-
trance of the Gut of Canlb from the
Atlantic ocean. See Cape Breton.
IsLiP, a townfliipof ^few-Yd^k, fitu-
ated in Sutfolk co. Long-Ifland, eaftof
Huntihc^on, and con. ins 609 inhabit-
ants ; v^rthefe 93areele6lors,and35navcs.
IWANEE, a little town near St. Jago
de Cuba, where a fmall remnant of the
ancient Indians live, who have adopted
the manners jind language of the Spa
niai'ds.
JACKS0N'.8 River, a head water of
James's river in Virginia, vifes in the
Warm Spring Mountains, about »o
mil^s fouth-wcft of the Warm Spring
Mountains, and i-unsS fouth-weft through
the valley Until Carpenter's creek joins
it from th-Vt quaittr, when the river af-
fumes the name of Fluvanna, and flows
fouth eaft. About three-quarters of a
j^e from its iburce it falls ov«r a rock
J.;.., . ■ . ' ....
JAF
aoo feet into the villc/ below. Th«
flieet ofwater is broken in its breadth by
the rock in two or three placet, but not ii|
its height. Between the iheet and the
rock at the bottom you mav walk acrof^
dry. It is near half at high again as
Niagara, but is only la orrj feet wide.
Jackson, a new county of Georgia.
jAcirtOiJSBOROUCH, a fmall poft-
town of South-Carolina, on the eaft fide
of E.iifto river* about 35 miles weft of
Charlefto'-n, i .
jA<.iei: a jurifdiA^on and fea-port
tr > ji. thf fouth fid* of the i.'^and of
^r, K'ofniiigc. This jurifdiilion, in the
>V.;,;ii h i art of the ifland, contains 3
: i^,':<{-.i, iS ^--imarkable for thegoodnefs
oi' its foil >> ' the abundant crops of cof-
fee} and ii iaL eptible of a great aug-
mentation. Its exports from January
l, 1789 to Dec. 31, of the fame year,
were 17,350 lb. white fugar ; 55,614 lb,
brown lugar ; 4,071,701 lb. of coffee ;
406,8311b. cotton,and 10,0461b. indigo.
The duties on exportation of the aboye
amounted to 15,619 dollars, 16 cent$.
The town is fituated on the fouth iide of
the neck of the fouth peninfula. The
town is 6 leagues weftward of Cayes de
Jacmel, 7I eaft of the bay and town of
Baynet, as far fouthof Leogaiie on the
north fide of the peninfula, 13 fouth-weft
of Port au Prince, and 53 eaft of Capt
T^burun. N. lat. 18. 11. W. long, from
Paris 75.1.
Jacmel, Cayes de, a town and
parifii oii the eaft iide of the ftream of
its name, 6 leagues eaft of the above
town of Jacmel. This parifh is bound-
ed eaft by the plain on the Spanifli part,
at the foot of the mountains of Bahoru-
80 leagues fquare, fit for any kind
CO
of cultivalion. On the neighbouring
mountains coffee would fucceed well.
Jacob's Creek, an eaftem water of
Youghiogany river in Weftmoreland
county, Pennfylvania. There is a carry-
ing p ace 6 miles weft to Monongahela
rjver, from the Youghiogany, uppofite
the mouth of this creek.
Jadarh<^e. See Chaiaughque.
Jaffrey, a townihip in Cliefliire
county, New-Hampfhire, on the fouth
fide of the Great Monadnock, 6 miles
north.of the Mailachuietts line, 19 eaft
of Coiihe£licut river, and about 56 W.
S. W. ol'Portfmouth. It was incorpo>
rated in 1 773, and contains 1,135 inhaW
taott. Here are found red and yellow
ochre.
. Th«
Bdthby:
lit not in
and the
1^ acrof^
igkin as
et wide.
7Corgia*
ad poft-
eah fide
, weft of
fea-port
i:^and of
in. in thq
nrains )
goodnefitt
psofcof-
reat aug-
January
ne year,
5,614. lb,
of coffee i
h. indigo,
the above
a 6 centV^
uth IJde of
ila. The
Cayes de
1 town of
lie on the
fouth-weft
of Capt
ong. from
town and
ftream of
the above
is bound-
mifli part,
" Bahoru-
any kind
hbouring
\d wtll.
water of
moreland
Jisacarry-
Inoiigaheia
[» oppofit^
ghque.
Chefliire
Itlie Ibuth
\f 6 miles
to eafi
at 56 W.
Is incorpo-
I^Sinhaol-
yellow
ochre.
JAG
•chre, r.llum, vitriol, and black lead In
great ouantitics. The buckrbean (meny-
anthea) faid to be a rai e plant in New.
Haniplhiru, a i of fingiilar nfe in medi-
Jafficy, near the Grei.t
JAM
«47
cine, is four.
Monad nock.
Jago, St
ChiamttLa,
faid fifes in
empties into
riwr in the province: of
Nev/ Spain, '"hich it is
■'. luke Giiaitalijara^ and
Noru Pacific Oc>'an,
>^ya inouti- aalf amile broad, and 10
^■et de 'p at low wattr.
J A GO, St. a large rl.er of 3. America,
which fifes in the audience of Qi),ito, in
Peru. It is navigable, waters a fertile
country, and fallit into the South Sea.
Jagg, St. a handl'ome and confidera-
ble town of S. America, capital of Chili,
with a good h&rhour, anil a bifliop's lee,
and a royal audience. It is feated on a
large beautiful plain, abounding in all
the nectflaries of life, at the foot of the
Cordillera de los Andes, on the river
Mapocho, which runs acrofs it from E.
to W. It is iubje£l to earthquakes, and
the inhabitants are native Americans and
Spaniards. Tt contains 40,000 inhabit-
ants according to Abbe Raynal, and car-
ries on a confiderable trade with Buenos
Ayres, by land, 354. leagues dUlant.
Although above 40 leagues of the way
are amidft the fnows and precipices of
the Cordilleras, yet it is found fafer and
cheaper to lend goods by this road than
by (ea. See Chtli. S. fat. 33. 40. W.
long. 69. 35.
Jago de Guatimala, St. Sec
Guatimala.
Jago DBCuBA,atownontherouth-
em coaft of the ifland of Cuba, with a
good harbour, feated at the bottom of
a bay, and on the river of the iame
name. It was formerly the capital of
the ifland, and was built in 1514, is
well fortified, and commands the wind-
ward paflfage. This place has a declin-
ing afpe6l, and p>efents only the ruins
of its former greatntfs. Yet it has a
noble, fafe, and commodious port, infe-
rior to the Havannah only in its fitua-
tion. Within 3 leagues of it, at Co-
very, is a rich copper mine. In the
road from St. Jago to St. Salvadore
are a great quantity of flint-ftones, of
various fizes, fo round that they might
ferve for cannon bullets. St. Jago has
a cathedral with canons refidentiary,
and had once a good trade, but it is re-
moved to the Havannabf where its
bifliop ■'Ifo reiidct. Sir FrancU Drake
took and burnt this city in 1 5S5. It m
about as leagues to the caftward of the
C >pper Hills, la or 13 weftof Carober-
lai ' harb ar, ard 41 S. 6 W. of the
ealt end of the iflind of Jamaica. H.
lat. 20. 15. W, Sng. 76.40.
Jaoo de Lpi .4, St. a town of Ve.
nezuela, a province of Tern Firma, in
S. Amr>-ic;i, iS miles from thefea-coaft,
and fituated on a plain, amoneft high
mountains extremely difficult ofacceis.
It was taken by the Englifh in 1 599 {
but afterwards reftnred to Spain.
Jago de nexapha, St. a town of
Guaxaca, in the aud.ence of Mexico,
fituated in the valley of Nexapha, on a
river which falls into the river Alvarado.
It has a rich convent of Dominicans.
Jago delEstero, St. a town of
S. America, one of the moft confider-
able of Tucuman, and the refidence of
the inquifitor of the province, and is •
bifhop's fee. It is fituated on the baiiki
of the Dolee, which is here pretty large
and navigable for veflt-ls of burden. It
is 160 leagues eaftof Potofi. S. lat. 14.
40. W. long. 64. 55.
Jago de las Valles, St. a town
of N. America, in the audience of Mex*
ico, feated on a plain, on the river Pa«
nuco. N. lat. 13. W. long. 71. 10.
Jagode LAVEGA,or^/««i^7«<UW,
is the capital of the ifland of Jamaica {
fituated m Middlefex county, on the
banks of the river Cobre, about 6 miles
from the fea, and contains between 5
and 600 houfes, and about 5,000 inhab-
itants, including people of colour. It it
the refidence of the governor or com-
mander in chief, whom is accomnuidated
with a fuperb palace. Here the legifla-
ture is convened, and the court of chan-
ceiy, and the fupreme court of judica-
ture are held. It was greatly damaged
by a ftorm in 1772. It lies in the S. E.
part of the ifland, about 7 miles N. W.
of Port-Paffage, on the bay of Port-
Royal. N. lat. 18. 6. W. long. 76. 49.
Jago, St. in the ifland ot St. Do-
mingo. See Tago.
Jamaica, a townfhip inWindhana
county, Vermont, watered by feveral
brancnes of Weft river, and containing
163 inhabitants.
Jamaica, a poft and chief town of
Queen> county. New- York, in the well
fart of Long-Ifland, aifd containa a
'reft>yteriaa, aa Epiicop^Uwa* «nd «
Q^ Ptttcb
•4< /AM
•Dntth cbareh, in academy, and nearly
loddwcUing.houfec. It is ii miletealt
of New>York city. The whole town-
Aiip contains 1,657 inhabitants, ot
whom %%■) afe e1e£lors, 11a flaves.
Jamaica, an ifland fitiiated in the
Atlantic ocean, about 4000 miles S. W.
of Qreat-Britain, and fbims one ot the
inoft valuable appendages to that crown.
Jt is 30 leagues £. of the ifl:<nd of St.
Don)ingo { about the (hme didance N.
of the ifland of Cubn } having the gulF
of Honduras on the W. and Carthagcnu
on the continent of S. Amcricd to thf
"V. diltant 145 leagues. The centre of
Jamaica lies in about 18. is. N. lat. and
•bout76.4j. W. long, from Loiulon. It
)• 150 miles in length, and on a medium
about 40 miles in breadth, containing
4,080,000 acres ; of which 900,000
acres were planted in 1675; and in
November, 1789, there were no more
than i,907>s89 acres located or taken
lip, by grants horn the crown. This
iiiand is interfc£led with a ridge of (teep
rocks, from which iffue avaft number of
finall rivers of pure wholcfome w<iter,
which fall down in cat ira^s, and to-
gether with the ftupenduus height of
the mountains, and the in ight verdure
of the tre's, through which they How
with rapidity to tlie fea on both fides
of the illand, form a mo(t dtlighttul
jandfcape ; but none ai-e navi^rahle by
Marine Veflels. Black river is the deep-
eft, and is navigable for flat- bottomed
boats and carocs 30 miles. Sugar is
die gr^atcft ar-ci moft valuable produc-
tion of this illand. Of this art.'clc was
exported to Great Britain in 1787,
8x4,706 c.vt. in 1790, 1,185,519 cwt.
It produces aifo cocoa, ginger, pimento,
dr as it is called, Jamaica pcp|>cr, and
vulgarly allfpicc} the wiKl cinnamon,
the machineel, whofo fruit though un-
commonly delightful to the eye, con-
tains one "tf l'„w .... * poifuns in nature ;
the cabbage tree, remarkable for its
keight, and for the hardncfs of its wood,
which, wlien dry, is incorruptible, and
hardly yields Jo any kind of tool 5 the
folma, affording oil, mucii etk-etned by
Ihe negroes, both as food and medicine;
the foap tree, whole berries snfvi'er all
the purpofes of walhing j the mangrove
and olive bark, ufeful to tanners j the
fuftic and redwood, to the dyers ; and
lately the logwood. The imligo plant
WM fonncrljr much cultivated, and the
JAM
cotton tree is ftill To. Htre they Im««
mnize, or Indian corn, Guinea com,
peas of various kinds, with a variety of
roots. Fruits grow in tfrt-at plenty, at
citroAs, Seville and China orttnges,
cumniun and tweet lemons, limes,' (had.
docks, p megranates, mamees, Iburlbps,
papa«, pine apples, prickly pears, alH>
cada p^avs, melons, guavas, Icveral kinds
of berries, and kitchen > vegetables in
great v.irifty. Admiral Rodney enrich*
cil this beautiful ifland with many of
the rare productions of the Eaft, which
tell into his hands by the fortune of war j
particularly the bread-fruit tree, the true
Ceylon cinn:»nion tree, and the mango
tn-r-. Jamaica can boaft of a botanical
fardcn containing the raicft coUc^inn
of curious trees :ind p!!k,nts perhaps in
the world ; of which a catalogue has .
been publiflitd. The botanical garden
contauis, among other valuable pruduc*
tions, the Chinck hemp, palm, Otahcite
plum, tallow-tree, gum-arabic, paper,
mulberry, from which paper and cloth
are r.:nde, tea plant, and Chintfe olivo.
The other productions, both animal an4
vegetable, are fuch as are common to
the other iflands in the Weft Indies ;
but maliogany is now become fcarce.
In many parts of Jamaica there is a great
appearance of metals ) and it is believed
ihat the Spaniards had mines both of
iilver and copper. A kad mine was in-
dftd ftpLued Ibme years ago, near to the
Hopeeltate, in St. Andrew's psrifll} bu(
the pofllflTori fnul more profit in culti-
vatinsj the luiface of the earth than dig-
ging into its bowels. J.imaica h divided
into 3 counties, Miidtefex, Surry f and
Cnrrnvall j fuhdivided into 10 pariihes,
as follows ; A//V<j'/?/'(fx contains thofe of
St. Mary, St. Ann," St. Joini, St. Doro-
thy, St. Thomas in the Vale, Clarendon,
Veie, St. Catherine, the town of St. Jago
de la Vega, the capital, and 13 villages}
24.4 lugar plantations, and 43,616 ne-
groes. Surry contains the pariflies of
St. Andrew, it. George, Portland, Port
Royal, St. David, St. Thorn As in the
Ea(t, Kingfton, the towns of Kingfton
and Port koyal, 8 villages, i59Aigar
plantations, and 27,337 negroes. Corn-
nn'aU contains thcpariftiesot Trtlawnty.
St, James, Hanover, Weftmoreland, St.
Elizabeth, the townsof Savanna-la-Mar,
Montego Bay, and Falmouth, 309 higar
plantations, and 57,835 negroes. The
whole zo pariihcs cotuaia J i churches
and
hey hfltv
tea corn,
varitty of
plenty, at
oranges,
nek,' fliud-
Iburlbps,
ears, »tli-
tiai kinds
cUbles ill
ey entich-
many of
aft, whicl»
tie oiwarj
e, the true
^e iDanu^o
botanic;)!
collt'6l!on
teiha]is in
logue has
cai garden
le prwluc*
, (Jtahcite
ic, paper-
and cloth
ntl'e olivtt.
mimal an4
>mtTion to
;ft Indies j
me fcarce.
: is a great
18 believed
both of
was in-
lear to the
i(hi but
in culti-
lan dig-
divided
urry, and
partihes,
thofe of
Doro-
arendott,
St. Jago
villages j
3,6»6 ne-
ar! (Iks of
and, Port
Ak in the
Kingfton
59 f"Raf
Corn-
cUwncy.
land, St.
.la-Mar,
09 liigar
:s. The
churches
and
St.
s
JAM
and chapelt; and each narlfh hat a
re6tor and other church onicers. Pre-
fentationt to liviniKt are made by the
commander in chief. The number of
white inhabitants in 1787, was 30,000$
freed n.'grocs 10,000} iniroons 14001
and (lives « $0,000 { in alH 304,000.
The value of this ifland as Bi itifh pro-
pcrty, is fHioiafed as follows* 150,000
negroes ut {^.^r> ih-riinK each, it\ mil-
lions ; the l.iH'led and pcrlbnal property
and l)uildinu;s to which they arc appur-
tenant, s; millions more; the houri-.i>
and property in the towns, and the vet-
fe Is employed in trade, i\ millions; in
all 39 millions. The exports of Ja-
iDuica for one year, endlnor the 5th of
January, 17S8, amounted in ftcrling
money to 1,136,4411. 17s. 31I. In
178; the exports to the United States
umuunii I tu .60,095!. 1 8s. and imp;)rta-
tions tiom the United States to the value
of/;. 90,000. This illand was originally
A part of theSpanid) empire in America.
It was reduced under the Britifli domi-
nion by Penn and Vcnables in 1656, and
ever fmce has been fubjeft to Great-
Britain. The government of it is one
of the richeli places next to that of Ire-
land, in the ilii'pufal of the crown, the
llauding I'alary beinf^ j(;.X50o per an-
niun, and the aflcmbly commonly vote
as much more to tlic governor ; which,
with otlier perquilitcs, make it on the
wliule little iefs than ^.10,000 a ye!>r.
This line illand is fulijc^ to earth-
quakes and hurricanes, which have done
it incredilile damage. Sec IVeft-ltuiies
■ and CtiJ SprtM^.
James's Bay lies at the bottom or
molt fxitheni part of Hudlon's Bay,
with which it communicates, and divides
New- Britain from South Wales. It con-
tains ivvcral iflands, among which are
Boar, Vmers, CharLton, and Agomifca
id inds. MiLhipicatoii river, which falls
into Lake Superior, has its fource to-
waids this bay, from whence tliere is
faid to be but a fliort portage to Moolc
■ river, which falls into James's Bay.
J^Mhs, Cape St. is the routhernmoft
extremity of Wailiiugton lAes, on the
north-weft coaft of North-America.
James's Island lies on the fouth
fide of Charleftown harbour, in South-
Carolina, oppoiite to CharleliowR, and
contains about 50 families. It is fepa-
ratcd from John's Ifland «n the w»ft-
wrsrd by Stouo riv«r.. .
Jamki,
JAM
«#
, » navigable river of Vh fi wii,
called auc'itntlyf C'wbatan by the In-
dians, aifurds harbour for vetrele<^an]r
lise in Hampton Road, but nut in fafetT
through the whole winter) and there w
navigable water for them as far a* Mul-
berry Illand. A 40 gtm fltip goe< to
Jamedown, and, lightening herielf, ma^
pais to HarrifoQ's Bar, un which there
IS only 1 5 feet water. Veflels of a50
tons may r:o to Warwick ) thofe of i» j
^o to Ruckrts's, a mile below Rich-
uiond, trom tlience is about 7 feet
water to Richniond} and about the
centre uf the tiiwn 4^ feet, where tile
navigation i'k interrupted by falls, which
in a courl'e of 6 miles, delicend about So
feet perpendicular. A canal is nearly
ur quite cuniplettd for the pnfling of
buats by tlnle falls. Above tht&: the
river is navi^!,able for batteaux and ca-
noes to within 10 miles of the Biiue
Ridge and even through the Blue
Ridge a ton weight h-'s been brought}
and the expenfe would not be great*
when compared with its obje£t, taojieft
a tolerable navigation 4ipJackfon'« river
and Carpenter's Creek, to within 15
miles ot Howard's Creek of Oreen
Briar, both of which have then watA*
enough to float veflels into the Great
Kanhaway. In ibme future fiate of
population, it is poflible that its navi*
gation may alio be made to interlock
with that of the Patowtnac ; and thro*
that to communicate by a Qxott portage
with the Ohio.
James Ci rv, a county of Virginia,
miles long and 11 broad, lying be-
tween Chickahominy and Janrics's riv-
ers. It conflns 4070 inhabitants, in-
cluding 2405 flavci.
James, a fort on the north fide of
Lobiollo Bay, in the illand of Antigua,
in the head of which is St. John's
harbour.
James, a creek in Delaware which
empties into Delaware Bay, 11 miles
below Houk Ifland. Dover, the feat of
government, ftands on this creek, 5
miles from its mouth.
James Dartmouth Fort, a fartrefs at
the confluence of Broad with Savannah
river. It was ere6fed under the Britifk
government, and defigned as a defencc
of a commercial and jiolitical intercourft
with the Indians.
James's, St, a town of Maryland,
(ituated in Kent county, tour miles
fouth-
ib«t]i>««.l«rljr of the town of CheT
jAMiSt Goosi C*|IK, St. a pa-
riih in Charleftown dittrift, S. Carolina,
coMtaintfigi7l7 inhubitantii of whom
• 31 J are (lavci.
Jami» SantbBi St. a pirifh in the
thovc lUftrifk containinnf 3797 inhabit
ttala ; of whom 437 are whitt's* and
J34J flnvet.
jAMiiTOWN, foroKrly the metro-
poiit of Virginia, and county- town of
James City county. In 1777 it had hut
WW family. Tne church and other
iHukliaga are mouldering to ruins. It
M tlw oldcrt town in the iettlrmcntii
lonncd by the EiiglUh in Nonh.Anteri-
ca. It is fitintcd on a peninAiia, on
thti N. fide of Jaine»*t river, 3s miles
livm Point Comfort, at the mouth of
the river in Chefajieak Bay. It is t
miles S. S. W. of Williamlbiirgh, and
kt S. E. by E. of Kkhmoud. N. lat.
Jamss, Great nml Little, St.
two of the iinallcr Virgin Kks, iituat>
cd in the King's Channtl eaft of Tor-
tola, and weit ol St. Thomas, between
which and them is St. Jamts's PaflSige.
James's Toivn, in the ifland of Bar-
badoes, in the Weft- Indies, is fituared
in Sr. James's parifii, on the welt fide
of the ifland.
Jan KIR A, Rio oe. fee Rii de Ja-
neira.
jA<^lMEt. See Jacmel.
jAquET, a river on the fbuthem fide
r-f Chaleur Bay, called by the Indians
Booeumkiikt ie about 3 leagues weft of
Milii Down. Here is a Iniall fuhiion
iiiliery.
jARniNE DtL Reyna, a vaft cliif-
ttr of iftes and rocks on the ibulh fide
of the iftaiui of Cuba. Thel'e fumifti
imnieni'e uunibcrs uf large and fine tur-
tk.
Jauptioni, a river in Louifiana
which runs a S. £, courlt: and empties
into thft MiflTifippi in N. lat. 39. 15.
about \6 wiles ibuth of the mouth of
Fabiani river, and 13. N. of that of
Oahaha river.
Jay, a townfliip in Cumberland
euuBty, diftrifl of Maine, lately incor-
porateii ; and thus named in honour of
Jobo Jay« governor of the State of
New- York.
Jav's Valleyt a fettlement in the
town of Kattikiil, State of New,>Yoik»
JE A
formerly called Mimr KiO. This naim
was changed in honour of the prefeiit
governor ^' New. York.
Jayna, a canton, partfti,and river on
the Ibulh fide of the id tnd of St. Do<
mingo. The rivers Nigua and Jayiu
&re«bout 4 leagues apart ^ ami between
them lies an extenfive and fertile plaiiH
which was originally an abun<^<.nt iourcit
of riches to tne colonifts. I'bc quan-
tity of pure gold, that was dug from
its cavities, its fugar, cocoa, inttigo, and
other plantations paid duties to a great-
er amount than thofe now paid by all
the Spanlftt part of the ifland pot to.
gether. It was in this territory, and
on the river Jayna. *but the famous lump
of gold W.18 tovnd, which the Spanifti
writers fay wcighutl 3600 SpaniOi doU
lars ; without mentioninir many others
of a remarkable fize. The ictllemcnis
Gamboa, Guayabal, Bonaventura and
Cagnahola, which laft was formerly call,
ed the Whale, are very incontiderabic 1
the whole employment of the people if
breeding of cattle, or the waftting of
gold fand. Indigo grows wild here.'
The river Jayna is not fbrdable j it is
crofted in canoes and fliins at a 50 fa*
thorns from its mouth} and the animals
are. obliged to fwim acrofs it. The
coaft lying between Jayna and St. Do.
mingo is of rock, almoik pfrpendicu.
lar, in general from 6 to 1 5 feet high.
Oppolitc this coaft are a number of
ftioals, each of about 40 fathoms wide.
Towanis the fource of this rivtr were
the celebrated gold mines of St. Chrif.
topher's, near which Columbus ere6ted
the fort of that name.. The are alio
rich fllver mines on this river. The el-
tablilhments in the plain of St. Rofe,
and thole on the Jayna ought to be
locketl upon as depending on the city
of Sr. Domingo. They are reckoned
to contain looo perfons ; for the moft
part people of colour, free and flaves.
Jean Rabel, a town on the N. W.
part of the north peninfula of the iftand
of Domingo, in 19. 55. N. lat. and
in 75. 4a. W. long, from Paris. It is
4. leagues eaft of the Mole, and 3a weH
of Cape Francois. Jean Rabel Point
forms the anchorage of that na^e,
which is good, faf'e, and eafy to fetch.
You can anchor in 1 5 fathoms. You
may go fiirther in as fai' as 8 fathoms {
but it is Aot fafe, as the water (hoals
Aiddcnly, and the ground is not ib clean
inHdc.
were
JBN
infld«. Tht D^Ureadmrtt or landing I
place, ia a very good one, even if there
(hould be a IWelff it ia under the fort,
which in exceedingly well placed, and
makes it a very good retreat from an
enemy. The grounds hold well, and
the only winds to €ear are the N. and
H.w.
JgrriRSOM, Fort, in the N. W.
Territory, is litiiated on a fmall iiream
which falls into the Great Miami ) con-
tains about loe men) «i miles north
of Fort St. Clair. N. lat. 4.0. 4.
JlPrBRSON, a fort on the eaft bank
of tlie Miflifippi, in Kentucky, near the
line of the State of Tenncflec.
Jbpperson, a town of Virginia, fitu-
ated on the N. fide of Roanoke river,
19 miles below the Oeconeachey iflands.
N. lat. 36. 31.
Jefpekson, a county of Kentucky,
bounded north and wett by Ohio river,
ibuth by Nclfon county, and S. E. and
£. by Shelby. It contains 4 $6 5 inha-
bitants} of whom 1176 are Haves. Chief
town, LouilVille, at the Rapids of the
Ohio. DriHHOk's Lick, in this county,
lies on the S. W. fide of Kentucky riv-
er, about I 5 miles from its mouth} and
is feparated from the famous medicinal
fpring by a fmall rivulet.
Jefferson, a county in Tenneflee,
and in Hamilton di(lri£^, which con-
tained by the State cenfus of 1795,
784.0 inhabitants, of whom 776 were
(laves.
Jefferson, a new county of Geor-
gia, ereiUd in 1796, from the counties
of Burke and Warren, bordering on
Ogeeclice river, and Briar and Big
(reeks. Courts and ele^ions are held
at Louifville for this county, a court-
houfe not being yet ere£{ed.
JtiFFREY*8 Ledge, a fand-bank off
the coaft of New-England, between
Cape Ann and Calco Bay, extending
from the north eaftward to the i</'Jth-
weftward; between 42. 40* and 43. 37.
30. N. lat. and between 68. 51. 30. and
$9. 45. W. long.
Jekyl Sound, in the mouth of the
river Alatamaha, in Georgia, which will
afford I'afe riding for a dozen fltips of
40 guns.
Jbnkintown, a village in Mont-
gomery county, Pennfylvania, |0 miles
north of Philadelphia.
JBNUCH8NAD&GA, an Indian village
in f «[infylva>^ lituat^d on the \^.
J BR tft
bank of AIU|lumy riwr, S mlka 9, 9,
W. finom that of TeuOuHMiiftaf ^g0|||.
ta, and 148. E. from tht oiitkt «Cmu
taughque Lake.
JtaiMii, a jurifiliAlan, town, and
cape, within the bite or bay of Leo-
gane, and on the IbotlMm peninfula of
the ifland of St. PomingD. TMs ia the
wefternn(K>ft jurildi£lion of the ifland,
contains s pariflies, and is ctlebratcd
for the excellency of its foil* but parti-
cularly tor the culture of coffite. Itl
export! from Jan. 1, 1719, to Dec. 31,
of the fame year, were as follow t t4xoH)*
white fugar— 147,760 lb. brown fii«
gar — 5,440,646 lb, coffee— j4,7S6 lb.
cotton—598 lb. indigo; and variooa ar-
ticles to the value of S97 livres. TIte
exportation duty on theftf produfliona
amounted to iSi3*8 dollars 6 cenfs.
The town (lands on the well fide of the
bay and at the mouth of a brook, a.
league S. by W. of Point Jeremir, 1 1
due N. of Port a Piment on the f»uth
fide of the peninfula, and nearly 1 ica^uea
call of Cape Dame Marie. Point Jere>
mie lies in N. lat. 18. 41. 30. W. long,
from Paris 76. 3s.
Jerbmys(^am, an ifland in Lin«
coin CO. Diftriil of Maine, which, with
Folly Ifland, form the mouth of Shecpf<»
cott river in Wifcalfet Bay.
Jerico, a townOiip In Chitt«ndt-n
county, Vermont, lies S. E. of Eflfex,
and N. E. of Will id jn, and feparated
from the latter by Onion river, and con-
tains 381 inhabitants.
Jerico, a poll town of New- York,
fituated in Tioga county, between Clie-
nengo river and the eail branch of Suf-
quehannah.
Jerom, Fort, St. a fort on the
fouth fide of the ifiand of St. Domingo,
on the lea fide, and near the road from
the city of St. Domingo, and in the can-
ton of Jayna. It is no more than a for-
tified redoubt in mafonry ; but it iacon"
flru£leii with art.
Jersey Field, a fettlement in Nor-
way townlhip, in Herkemer county.
New- York, on the fouth-eaflera fide of
Canada creek.
Jersey. See Neno-Jerfty,
Jerusalem, a townfhip in Ontario
county, New- York. Of its inhabitants,
113 are ele^ors. The compa6l part of
it forms a hanlbme to'vn, fiiuated on
the W. fide of Seneca Lake, and con-
taios about jo famiiiesj^ th^ foUowera of
Jemima
as* J on
jOoimaWitkinfon. It is 10 miles N.
%. by N. of Bah, %ncl 16 S, &. W. of
Jerusalem, or Funks Town, a fown
•f Miirybnd, fitwatui in Wa(hington
couoty on Antictani creek, abouc i\
■^y«s' S. W. of Elizaheth-Town. It
con*ai»v. about 50 dwtUinjs, aiKl a
Gcr.nan chifrct».
jERPiAtEM, Old. See Falkn City.
Jeruvo, ii niowntain fjtuattd in th«
valley of" Urcciu>> in Mexico or N€w-
Spaio, is a great curibiity. Before the
year 1760, here v«^» nothing of it bi»t
» imall hill, where there was a iugar
|»JantJ>*:on. But on the t9th of Se|>teni
l>cr, »/6o, it buiit with furions Shocks,
anij vnrirely ruinc:! the I'ugar.works
3««l fhe HeighboTuiriff village of Guaca-
na ; .-inci from thi't tiui*; Iws continued
to emit five and burning rocks, which
have formetl fh:mfelves into three high
meantains, whole ciic;;iviiciciicc was
B«5trly 6 miles in i- 56. The afl;es at
the irruption we- : forced to thv' dil-
tance of 1 50 miles. In tlu^ city of Va-
ladolid, 60 niles diftant, it rained .ilhes
in I'tich abundantf, that they were
obiifcd to Iweep the ynrtls i;f their
hrjtiies two or three times during the
jBStrs, Isle de, a fm.dl ifland lying
S cJegrces due north cf the Now He-
brides Illuid, and 14.50 Iragucs weft ot
*kc coatt of Penj, in S. lat. 6. 50. E.
long, from Paris 165. dilcovercd t.y
Mcndana, Jan. loih, 15^17, inhabited
by a Coppered coloured and mulatto race
of men.
John, Bayouk of, St. a little
criok which furnillr': a verv ealy com-
niiinKration trom New Ofitans toWclt-
Florid.*. It is n:i igahle for vefltl'<
drawing ahour 4 ieet waur 6 miles up
from the Lake Ponc!;aitra;n, where
there ib a l.ir.ding pjjice, ut wliich vef-
Iwis luud and iinlu.-iti : this is about two
niiio> fi'om the town. Tiie entj-ance of
the Bayouk ot St. John is ditende<l l^y
a battery of five or iix canno!i. There
arc ibme plantations on '.le Bayouk,
a vl on tile joad from thence to New-
Uileans.
John de Frontiera, St. is the
chief town of the province of Cuyo in
Peni.
John's IsLAyo, in South-Carolii'ia,
lies S. W. of CharltDcwn haibovu di-
vided from Janies' IC^nd by Stono riv-
J O H
rr, which forms a convi icnt and (ife
harbour.
John's Coll.bob, St. in Marylancf,
is fituat.d in the city of Annapolis, wns
inftituted in 1784, to have 34. trud'ets,
with powtr to keep up the i'ucct<fIion
by fuppiying vacincies, and to receivd
an annual incoinc of j(^.9Coo. it has a
peimanent fnnd of £^ij^o a year, cut
of the monies ariling from marriage Ii-
ecnftsy ftnes and fbtfcitiircs on the Weft-
ern Short. This college, with Wa(h-
ington college at Chetiertowfi, conftt'
tute one univerfity, named "TheUni-
verfwy of Maryland." The convoca-
tion of rhe Univerfity of Maryland', wh»
are to frame the laws, prefcrve uniformi-
ty of manners and literatore in the coU
leges, confer tite higlicr degrees, deter-
mine appeals, &c.
John's, St. one 0*' the chief towns
of Newfoundland iiland, fituated on the
ealt Goaft, 6 miles north-wetl 0!- Cape
Spear, and 18 fouth-eali of Cape St.
Francis. N. lat. 47. 31. W. long. 52.
21. It lies on the bay of the litme
name. Its harboiir is one of the bel^ in
the ifland, and has from 10 to 17 fa-
thoms water up to King's wharf, whicli
is a lit le toti<e .N. W. of the Old Fort,
at the bottom or the town, and is a mile!
from the month of the harbour. A mile
further is the mouth of Callor river, in
which didarjcc there is from 14. to 4^
lathoivis of water. On the S. fide ot
the rivc • is Kin^j/s wharf, an hofpital,
and a watcrniir place. Near thelc are
the hills called the High Lands of St.
John's. N. lat. 47. 33. W. long. 51,.
29.
John's, St. a bay and iflnnd on the
vjcti coalt of Newfoundland ifland, in
the f^ulf of St. l/»wrenfe, at the Ibuth-
weft end of the Straits ot Btlliile.
John's River, St. in Eaft-Florida
rileb in or near a l.uge fwamp in tiie
he;irt <;f F.aftFlorida, and purines l
northern courfe, in a broad navigable
rtream, which in feveral places I'preads
into brond bays or lakes; of which
J akc Get.rgc is ths chief. Vellels that
draw 9 or 10 feet water, may navigatf
lafcly through the weft channel into S»
John's river as far as Lake George }
which fee. The bar at thetJvouth is li-
abie tofluft. It is 10^ lo'igues N. of
St. Auguftiue.
John's KiVER, LittU 5'/. in Weft-
Florida, falls into Apalaclie Bay, about
10
Ba
are
Sr,
5«v
the
in
nith-
orida
the
les ti
■ able
reads
.rhich
that
igar*
oS'
'»ge»
is li-
of
■VTt'ft.
biHit
lO
to miles tiaftinmrd of Apftlache river.
It is faid to be ttie eldireft and piireft of
any in America, is about too yards
broad, and about 1 5 orio feet deep at
:he town of Talahafochte. The fwamp
called Ouaqiiaplienogaw is laid to be
its fomxe, which is lOo miles by land
from Talahalbchte, and, following its
windings, from the fea too n«!es. The
Indians and tradeis i'ay it has no
tMranches, or rributra-ies, which fall into
it; but that it is fed by great fprings
which break out thruiigh the hanks.
JO«J»X St. is tktf largeft river in
theBrittfli province of Kew-Brunfwick.
From its month e«i the north fide of the
Bay (rfPundy, to its main fource is
corputed to be 350 miles. The tide
flows 80 or 90 miles tip this river. It
is navigable for floops of 50 tons 60
miles, ami for boats too. Its general
coiirfe from its foxirce is E. S.E. It
furniflies tlie greattft plenty of falmon,
bais, and fturgeon : and is the common
route to Quebec. About a mile above
the city ot St. John's is the only en-
tranc- into this river. It is about 80
or lu yards wide, and about 400 yards
in Kmgch ; called the falls of the river.
It being narrow, and a ridge of rocks
running acrofs the bottom of the chan-
nel, on which are not above 1 7 feet of
water, it is not iufficiently fpacious to
difcharge the frefli waters of the river
above. The common tides flowing here
about 10 feet, the waters of the river, at
^ow water, are alwut is feet higher
than the waters of the fen; at high wa
tcr, the waters of the fea are about five
jfeet higher than thofe of the » ivcr ; fo
that in every tide there are two fttlls,
one outwaidS and one in-vards. The
only time of pafling with lately Is at the
time when the 'Afaters of the river are
level with the waters of the iti, which
is twice in a tide, and continues not
more than 20 minutes each ti.ue. At
other times it is cither impiffable or ex-
tremely dangerous ; rercnioling the p;if~
fage of Hell Gate near New-York.
The banks of this river, f-nriched by
the annual frefhets, are excellent land.
About 30 miles from its mouth com-
mences a fine level countiy of rich in-
tervale and meadow lands, well clothed
with timber and wood. Inch as pine,
Ijeech, elm, maple, and wi^lnut. If has
many tributary dreams, which fall into
it on each (vie, among which are the
J O H «5$
Oromofto river, by which the tildiim
have a communication with Paffiims-
quoddy ; the Nafliwach and Madamkif-
wick, on which are rich intervales that
produce aH kinds of grain in the bi{b-
eft perfeflion. This noble river, in its
numerous and extcnfive brandies, wa-
ters and enriches a large traft of excel-
lent counti-y, a great part of which is
fettletl and tinder improvement. The
up- lands, in general, are covered with
a fine growth of timber, fuch tis pine
and fpruce, hemjocfc and hard wood,
principally beech, blreh, maple, anA
fome adi. The pines on this river are
the largeft to be met with in Britrfli
America, and afford a confiderable fijp-
ply of mafts, fome from 20 to 30 inches
in diameter, for the Britifh navy.
John's, St. one of the Vlr^m
Iflands, about 1 s leagues eaft of Porto
Rico. It is about 5 miles long and one
broad and ^ leagues fouth of St. Tho-
mas. It is the bcft watered of all the
Virgin Ifles ; and its harbour, called
Crawl Bay, is reckoned better than
that of St. Thomas, and pafles for the
beft to the leeward of Antigua. There
is, however, little good land in the
ifland, and its exportations are trifling.
John's, St. an ifland in the gulf of
St. Lawrence, near the northern coaft
of Nova Scotia, to which government it
is annexed. It is 117 miles in length
from N. E- to S. W. The medium
brendth is 20 miles; but between Rich-
mond Bay oil the north, and Hal'far
Bay on the (buth, it is not above 5 miles
liroail. The otlier bays on the north
fide are London Harbour, Graml Raf-
tied, and Sr. Peter's; thofc on the fouth
(ide.Egmont, Halifax,and Hillfljorough.
On the ealf fide, Three River Harbour,
and Murray Harbour. It has i'evcrrii
fine rivers, a rich ihW, and is pleafanily
fituated. Its capital is Charlovte-Town,
the refidencc of the lieutenant- gover-
nor, who is the cliitf officer on ths
ifland. The inimber of inhabifan's arc
edimated at nhvuit ccco. Upt5n the
reduftioi of Cape B' iron in 1745, the,
inhabitants quiorly liihmitrcd to the
Britifh arms. While the p'riiuh pof-
ItfTt'd this ifland, they iniprovtd it to {»
much advantage, as that it was called
the granary of Canaela, which it fiirnifli-
cd with j^reat plenty of corn, as well as
beef and pork. When taken, it had
icjooo hea.i of black cattle upon it,
awl
954 JO it
•ad &ftn\ of the fanners raifcd i s,6oe
lufliels of corn annually. Its rivers
abound with iaImon» trout, and eels» dnd
the furroundiiig fea affonis plentv of
fturgeon« plaice, and moft kinds of fnell-
fi/h. The'iftand is divided into three
counties, viz. King*s, Queen^s, and
Princess counties; which are Aibdivided
into 14 parifhes, confifting of 17 town-'
.ftips, which in all make 1,363,400
seres, the contents of the ifland. The
chief towns, belides the capital^ are
Georgetown, Prince*s-Town } bclides
which arc Hillft>oroueh-Town, Pownal-
Town, MaryboroHgn- Town, &c. It
lies between 45. 46. and 47. 10. N. ht.
and between 44. ss. and 46. 32. W.
long.
John's, St. the north- weflernmoft
towp in Sufl'cx coiuity, Delaware, is
iitu«tcd'at the head of the middle branch
•f Nr^nticoke river, about *7 miles N.
£. of Vienna in Maryland, and aa S . by
W. of Dover.
John's, St. a town and fort in Low*
er Canada, fituated on the weft bank of
SoiTcl river, ut the north end of Lake
Champlain, a few miles foiithward of
Chamblee, 18 miles fouthward of Mont-
real. It ha): been tilablifhed as the fole
port of entry and clearance tor all goodii
imported from the interior of the Unit-
ed States into Canada, by an ore 'nance
publiihLTl by the executive council of
Lower Canada, the 7th of July, 1796.
It is 115 miles northward of Ticondero-
ga, and was taken by General Montgo-
mery in Nov. 1775. N. lat. 45. 9. W.
long. 72. 18.
John, St. a lake in Lower-Canada,
which receives rivers from every direc-
, tion, and lends its waters through Sagu-
enai river into the St. Lawrence, at Ta-
doufac. It is about 15 miles each way.
John's Berkley, St. a parlfh of
S. Carolina, in Charleftown diflri£l,
containing %^t^ inhabitants ; of whom
69s are whites, and 5170 are (laves.
John's, St. a Imall ifland in the
Weil- Indies belonging to Denmark,
north of St. Croix, and fouth of Torto-
la, to which iaft it is very near. It is
noted only for its fine Itarhour, which is
laid to be fufiicient to co.itain in i'ufety
the whole Britilh navy. It has a num-
ber of fait ponds, which, however, are
no evidence of its fertility.
John's Colleton, St. a parifh of
S. Caralioai in Chailcflowndillri^lf con-
J OH
Gaining sjt^^mhabitants ; of- whdf» gt^
are whites^ and 4705 flavet. . .
jOHti'i, St. the capiul of the ifland
of Antigua in the Weft^Indies. It is at
regiilarly built town* with a harhour of
the fame name, fituated oo the weft
fliore^ and on the north-eaft fide of Lob.
lollo Bay. The entrance of the harbour
is defended by Fort Janjes. This town
is the refklence of the governor general
of the leeward dharaiSe Iflands, and'
where the afl*embly is held^ and the port
where the greateft trade is carried ont
It was fo flourifhing as to receive a lofs
by a ftorm, to the vnlue of ^.400,000
fterling. N> lat. 17.4* Wi long. 61.4;
John, St. or Juan de Per to Ric»,
the capital of the ifland of Pono Rico>
in the Weft-Indies. See Porto Rico.
JoHNSBURY, St< a townfliip in Cai
ledonia cotmty, in Vermont, t>ounded S<
W. by Danville, and has 14 j inhabi-
tants.
Johnson Fort, in S. Carolina, lies
on the N. E. fide of James's Ifland, and
S. of the city of Charleftown. It ftands<
at the entrance of the harbour, and by
which no veflel can pafs unlefs the maf-
ter or mnte make oath that no malig-i
nam difttmper is on board. It is guard-
ed by 110 n c-n.
Johnston Fort, orjobnfon Fort^
in N. Carolina, ftands on the weftcrn
bank of Cajie Fear river, oppoiite to the
ifland on the fea-coaft whofe Ibuthem
point is Cape Fear.
JOHNSONSBOROVGH, a poft-town of
New-Jeri'ey, 10 miles from Suflcx rourt-
houfe.
Johnson's Landino-Placb, is on
Oyongwongyeh Creek, about 4 miles
eaftward of Fort Niagara.
Johnson, a county of N. Carolina,
in Newbern diftri6l, Iraunded S. E. by
Glafgow, N. by Fi-anklin and Wayne
counties, and S. by Sampfon* It con-
tains 5634 inhabitants, of whom 1329
are flaves.
Johnstown, a poft town, and the
capital of Montgomery county, New-
York, fituated on the N. i)ank of Mo-
hawk river, 24 miles W. of €chenti5\ady«
The compa^l part of the town is a little
back from the river, and contains about
70 houlcs, a Prefliyteriun and an Epif-
copal church, a court-houfe and gaiJ*
In the townfliip 593 of the iniiuhi-
tants are eledois. Caghnuwapa ii> a
pariftj or diltriil of Johnilown, 26 miles
above
miles
JON
above ScheneAady on the river. Settle*'
ments have been made here for- about
So years. Here (land the dwelling
houte, barn, and out-houfes (all of (lone)
formerly occumed by Sir William John -
Ton. This kttlemenc was moftly de-
ih'oyed by the Brttifh in the year 17*0,
who were joined by a party of Indians
and others, under the command of Sir
William Johnfon. In this a£lion it is
averted, that Sir William evinced a
want of feeling which would have dif-
graced a lavage. The people deftroyed
in this expedition were his old neigh-
bours, with whom he had formerly liv-
ed in the habits of friendfliip. His ef.
tate was among them ; and the inhabi.
tants had always confidered him as their
friend. Thefe unfortunate people, after
feeing their houCes and property con-
fumed, were hurried, luch a$ could
walk, into eruel captivity ; thofe who
could not, fell vi£lims to the tomahawk
and fc^riping knife.
Johnston, a" townftiip in Provi-
dence county, Rhode-Ifland, wefterly of
tlie town of Providence, having 13x0
inhabitants.
Johnston, a townfltip in Franklin
county, in Vermont; it contains 93 in-
habitants.
JOL Y, a poit on tke S. coaft of Nova-
Scotia.
JoNAS's Sound, the mod northern
inlet on the weftern cosft of Sir Thomas
Smith's Bay, lying near the ar£lic cir-
cle, in latitude 76.
Jones, a county of N. Carolina, in
Newbern di(tri£l:, bounded N* by Cra-
ven. It contains 314.1 free inhabitants,
and 168 1 (laves. It is well watered by
Trent river, and its tributary dreams.
Chief town, Trenton.
JONESBOROUGH, a polt-town, and
chief town of Wafliington diltri6l in
Teiincflee, is the feat of the diftri6\ and
county courts. It has but few hoults,
having been but lately e(}abll(hed. It
is z4 miles from Greenville, 101 from
JK,noxville, 4.0 fi"om Abinu;don In Vir-
ginia, and 617 from Philadelphia.
JoNESEonouGH, the chief town of
Camden county in Edenton diftrifl, N.
Carolina. It contains a courthoufe
and a few dwelllng-huitfes.
JONE's-TowNjinPennfylvama. See
Williamjhurg,
Jones, Cape. See Lookout Cape.
JONKS's PtANTATiON, in Lincoln
10% HS
coohty, Mftine, was tncorpofTted liiy th«
name of Harlem, in Feb- «-. <79C«
It is 19 miles N. E. of ¥ ^j|, 4^
from Pownalborough, ana ^13 N. G,
by N, of BoAun. It contains. 16a in-
habitants.
Jones's Ford, on Brandywilne
creek, is 5 or 6 miles above Cluui''«
Ford, in Pennfylvania.
Jopr.A, a linall town in Harfoid co.
Maryland, so miles E. by N, of Balti-
more, and 81 S. W. of Philadelphia,
Jordan's River prTes thro'" Tren-
ton, in the Di(lri£l of Maine, 8 miles
from Union river.
Jo re, a village and mountain in the
Cherokee country. The moinitain is
raid to be the higheft in the Cberokeo
country, and through which the Ten-
neflee river forces its waters. The In-
dian village, called Jore, is fituated in a
beautiful lawn, many thoufand feet high-
er than the adjacent country. Here is
a little grove of the CafmeYapon, called
by the Indians the beloved tree. .They
are very careful to keep this ti-ee pruiKtl
and cultivated, and drink very ftron^
infiifion of the leaves, buds, and tender
branches of this plant. It is venerated
by the Creeks, and all the fouthem ma-
ritime nations of Indians.
Joseph, Lake St. in N. America,
lies E. of Lake Sal, and fends its waters
by Cat Lake river into Cat Lake, and
afterwards forms the S. £. branch of
Severn river. The lake is 3 j miles long
and 15 broad. Ofnaburg Houfe is on
the N. E. part of the lake ; which fee.
Joseph, Ilet a Pierre, a village mi
the wefternmoft coaft of the ifland of
St. Domingo i about 3 leagues N. W.
of the village of Tiburon.
Joseph's, St. in the p«ovince of
Califoi-nia, in Mexico, N. America.
N. lat 23. 3.
Joseph's Bay, St. on thf c.aft of
Weft- Florida, is of the figure of a horfe
(hoe, being about 12 miles in lengthy
and 7 acrofs where broadeft. The bar
is narrow, and immediately within it
there is from 4. to 6 J fathoms loft
ground. The beft place to anchor, is
jult within the peninlula, oppofite to
Ibme ruins that ftiU remain of the vii-
lage of St. Jofeph. The pen'mfula be-
tween St, JoCeph's and Cape Blaixe is a
narrow llip of land, in (()Oie places not
abijve a qir rlcr of a mile broad. A
'ery good eltablilhinent might be mad*
ht
9^ J U A
here for it fifliery, as the Tettlers might
make Talt on the fpot to cure the bafs,
Tockf cod» grouper, red mullet, &c.
which are here in abundance.
Joseph, St. a water which runs N.
W. into the S. E. part of Lake Michi-
gan. It fprings from a number of iWiall
lakes, a little to the N. V7. of the Mi-
ami village. The Pawtewatemie In-
dians refide on this river, oppofite Fi rt
St. Jofeph. They can raife aco war-
riors. At or near the confluence of the
rivera St. Mary's and St." Jofeph's,
where Fort Wayne now ftands, the In-
dians have reded to the United States a
traft of 6' miles fquare.
Joseph, Tort St. is fituated on the
eaftem fide of the above rive. !ii N. lat.
4S. 14. W. long. id. 10. It is about
175 miles S.W. by W. of Detroit, to
which place there is a Ihaight roa<l.
Joseph, St. a port on the W. fide
of the ifland of Trinidad, near the coaft
of Terra Firma.
Joseph, St. a fmall town and port
on the W. point oF the N. penin 'ula of
the ifland of Trinidad, in the Weft-In-
dies.
Joseph, St. a bay on the weft M<:
•f the ifland of Trinidad, defended by
a finall battery. It has a few houfVs on
it, and lies S. E. of Port of Spain, the
capital of the ifland. Near it is a movm-
tain having mineral pitch.
Juan, St. the capital of California
in N. America. N. lat. a6. 15. W.
long. 114. 9.
Juan, Fort St. ftands in the pro-
vince of New Leon, in N. America, on
the S.W. fide of the Rio Bravo, in the
2ijth degree of N. latitude and loift of
W. longitude.
Juan de la Frontera, St. a
town of Chili in S, America. In its
neighbourhcKxl are gold mines. S. lat.
33. 25. W. long. 68. 55.
Juan de Porto Rjco. Set Porto
Rico.
Juan de '^uca, Entrance of. See
Fuco.
Juan Fern ak •>? ■,, m ilst^d in the
South Pacific ocea ", z^ lea;; js calf-
ward of the ifl^'nd ot .Vlafl'duero, and
390 weft of th': c '■ ;;> .i.:. S. ;«(. 33,
\i.W. loij. ; 9e <j- fro'r' Or 'n": h.
It is fuppoi'ea 'o i;,-7e i>t.i> inb, ..^itcl by
a Spaniard, ',vhcfc ni'.rne 1; ret ins; al-
though it w>,s io» a; iOi I. "Ion?.' by him
ami his aattoi. ; but \t ^r j; t, t. uark^a'C
JUlf
'for having been the refidence of ATex>
ander Selkirk, a Scotchman, whofe life
and adventures fumiflied De Foe with
the ground-work of that admirable novel
Robinfon Crufoe. The harbour lies in
Cumberland Bay, on the north fide of
the iflrmd. Since the flitp Columbia
was there, no foreigners are allowed to ,
anchor in the road. Mafa Fuero ijland
lies li leagues W. by S. of this illand.
Juan Fernandes, which is reprefented as
an earthly paradifc, 'urnifhed retitfh-
ment to Lord Anfon's fquadron in his
voyage round the wor'd. Its g-ntcft
length is 5 leagues ; its hK^ndthlefs than
two. On the foufhweft is a Imnll ifle
called Coat JJlattJt and a rock called
Monkey Key, almoft contiguous to it.
On the north fide are three bays ; but
the middlcmoft called Cumberland Bay»
where Comniodoie Anion anchoied
with his fliips, is the bell. Thcfe bayf,
and the whole coaft abound with great '
variety of filh in abundance. Admiral
Anfon fowed here a great variety o^,
vegetables, and planted plum, apricot*
and peach ftoncs, which the Spaniards
lay are now thriving "^rees.
JuCATAN. See Yucaiatt.
JuniTH, Point, the iouth-eaftern-
moft point of Rhode-lUand State, fituat-
ed on the fea-coaft of Wafliington co.
in South-Kingfton townfliip.
JUDOSA Bay, in Louillana, lies in
the N. W. corner of the gulf of Mexico.
A chain of iflands form a communica-
tion between it foutli-wcftward of St.
Bernard's Bay.
JuMAM, St. a harbour on the coaft
of Patagonia, in South- America, where
Ihips boxind to the Pacific cJcean ufually
touch for rcfreihmeni:. S. lat. 43. 51.
W. long. 65. ic.
Julienne. Set Neybe.
Juliet, ^fouNT, in North- Ameri-
ca, lies on the north fide of Illinois
river, oppofite the pl:ice where that riv-
er is formed by the juuflioii of Tlieaki-
Jci and Plein rivers. The middle of
Mount Juliet is in N. lat. 42. 5. W.
long. 88. 44.
JuMi'iNG Point. See Nci'vefink
Harbour.
JujJ. JS, a milltaiy town/hip in New-
Yc V State, bounded north by Galen,
and touth by Romulus.
J H N 1 u s C R E F K , a northern branch
of tne Little Ka-.ihaway, which inter-
locks with the weftern waters of Mo-
nongahil*
Iicri-
tnois
] riv-
taki-
|e of
W.
Jew-
ilcn,
jnch
iter-
iMo-
K A M
inongahela river) and which may one
day admit a (horter pafla^ from the
latter into the Ohio. See Litth Kanba-
JVRVYO. See Mexico,
KAATS' Baan, in New-York
State, lies on the weft bank of
Hndfon's river, fcven miles foutherly
from Kaats' Kill, and ii N.E. by N.
from Efopus.
Kaats' Kill, or Catfiillf a fmall
village of 30 or 40 houles and ftores,
in the State of New- York, fituated on
the weft fide of Hudfon's river, about
100 rods from its bank ; 5 miles Ibuth
of HudiM city, and 125 north of New-
York. It Jjas the appearance of a thriv-
ing place, and it is in contemplation to
ere£l buildihes on a marfliy point, on
the margin orthe river, for the advan-
tage of deeper water, the creek on
which the ftores now ftand being too
lliallow. The townfliip of this name
contains 1980 inhabitants, of whom ^3
are eleftors, and 305 flrves.
ICaats' Kill, la creek on which
ftands the above town.
Kaats* Kill MouMtains, in the vi-
cinity of the above town on the weft
bank of Hudfon's river, which make
a majeftic appearance. Thei'e are the
firft part ot the chain of mountains
called the Alleghany, or Appalachian
mountains.
Kahnonwolouale, the principal
village of the Oneida Indians, in which
is Oneida Caftle, about xo miles S. of
W. from Whiteftown, and ta W. of
Paris. There is but one framed houfe
ill this village^ Their habitations are
but a fmall improvement upon the an-
cient 'wig<wa)As\ and are fcattered
fparfely throughout an enclofure of fe-
veral miles in circumference, within
which they keep their cattle, horfes,
and fwine, and without, plant their corn
and fow their grain.
Kahokia. See Cabokia.
KAMTSCHAtKA Sea lies between
the continents of Afia and America. In
66.N.lat. theyare feparated by a ttrait
only 18 miles wide. Captain Cook, in
his laft voyage, hat eftablifhed the cer-
tainty of this near approximation of the
continents, beyond a doubt ; and that
KAI9 357
the inhabitants of caoh> continent arf .
fimilar, and £req|aently par» and repa£i.
in canoe* from one continent to tba
other. Fromthcfe and other circum«:
ftances it is rendered highly probaUfr
that An.erica was firft peopled from the
N.E. parts of Afi^. But fince the EC
quimaux Indian', are manifeftly a fepa-
rate fpecies of nxen, and bear a near re«
femblance to tie northern Europeans, it
is believed thav the Bfquimaux Indiana
emigrated from the north- weft parts o£
Europe.
K A N A w A, or KatAanxia, a large
mountainous county on the weftem line
of Virginia, having the Ohio river on
the north-weft, and Kentucky weft.
The population of this county is include
ed in Green Briar, being 6015 inhabi-
tants, including 319 flaves. About 7
miles from the mouth of Elk river in this
county, is a burning fpring, capacious
enough to hold 4.0 gallons. A uitumt-
nous vapour conftantly iflfues from it»
which agitating the fanid around it, givea,
it the appearance of a boiling fpring«»
On prefenting a torch within 1 8 or xo
inches of the mouth, it flames up in a
column, 4.or s feet in height, and about
18 inches diameter, and which fomc-
times burns xo minutes, and at other,
times has continued 3 days. General
Clarke kindled the vapour, ftaid about
an hour, and left it burning.
KanaWageres, an Indian village
on the weft fide of Geneflee river, 4.
miles weft-fouth-v eft of Hartford in the
Geneflee country 'n New- York,
Kanhaway, Great, a riverofVir .
ginia of confiderable note f^r the fertUi-
ty of its lands, and ftill more as leading
towards the head waters of James's riv-
er. But it is doubtful whether its great
and numerous rapids will admit a navi-
gation, but at an expenfe to which it
will require ages to render its inhabi-
tants equal. The great obftacles begin
at what are called the Great Falls, 90
miles above the mouth, below which are
only 5 or 6 rapids, and thefe paflable
with fome difficulty even at low water.
From the falls to the mouth of Green
Briar is 100 miles. It is 280 yards wide
at its mouth. The head waters of this
river are in the weftern part of North-
Caroiina, in the moft eafterly ridge of
the Alleghany or Appalachian moun-
tains, and fouth of the 36th degree of
latitudct Its bead branches encircle
R thoie
tin
K AS
thofe or tfie Holfton, frdm which they
•rt feninited by the Iron Mountain,
through Which it oafles lo miles above
the lead mines. About 60 miles from
Little river it receives Green Briar river
fifom the eaft, which is the only confi
derabie tributary ftream in all that dif-
tance. About forty miles below the
mouth of Green Briar river, in Virginia,
in tite Kanhaway, is a remarkable cata-
raft. A large rock, a little elevated in
the middle, crofles the bed of the river,
over which the water (hoots, and falls
about 50 feet perpendicularly, except at
one fide where the defcent is more
gradual. The great Kanhaway is 196
miles below Pittfburg, and is navigable
moft of the year } and a waggon road
may be made through the mountain
which occafions the falls, and by a port,
age of a few miles only, a communica.
tion may be had between the waters of
Great Kanhaway and Ohio, and thofe
of James''s river in Virginia. Down this
river great quantities of goods are con-
veyed up the Kentucky river, others on
horfeback or in waggons to the fettled
part, and fold on an average, at 100
per cent, advance. See ^ui^ ' - Spring,
Kanhaway, Little, a ihiali na-
vigable river of Virginia, which is 150
Sards wide at its mouih, and is naviga-
te 10 miles only. Perhaps its northerly
branch, called Junius Creek, which in-
terlocks with the weftern waters of
Monongahela, may one day admit a
Ihorter pafljge from the latter into the
Ohio.
KA'p? AS, a tribe of Illinois Indians,
in Louifiana : they lie a little above the
Sothouis. This nation was formerly
very numerous before the difcovery of
the Miflifippi. The country they in-
habit has good pafturage.
Kapp AS, O/t/For/jinLouifiana, (lands
on the MiiTiilppi, at the mouth of the
river St. Francis. It was built by the
French principally for a magazine of
ftores and provilions, during the wars
with the Chickafaws ; by whom their Il-
linois convoys were condantly attacked
and frequently deftroyeil.
Kakavunk, or Carytunit a planta-
tion in Lincoln co. Diliri^ of Maine,
confuting of about 10 families or lO)
inhabitants. It is the upptrmofl on
Kennebeck river, 14 miles north of
4b'ookfield.
Kaskaskiai r'V<i^r lies on the S.
K A*r
W. bank of the tiVef of thfi fame name»
a water of 'the Mifliiippi, iii the N. W.
Territory, oppofite Old Fort, and i»
miles from the mouth of the river, but
not half that dillance from the Miflifip.
pi. It contains So houfes, many of them
well built { feveral of ftone, with gar-
dens, and large lots adjoining. About
so years ago it contained about 500
whiles, and between 4 and 500 negroes.
The former have large ftocks of black
cattle, fwine, &c.
Ka SKA SKI AS, an Indian nation near
the river of that name in the N. W,
Territoiy. They can furnifli 150 war-
riors. Three miles northerly ot Kaf>
kaflciasis a »:!!<ige of Illinois Indians, of
the Kaflcnikias tribe, containing about
110 ptrfons, and 60 warriors. They
were formerly brave and warlike, but
are now degenerated and debauched.
At the late peace the United States
granted them a fum of money in hand,
and became bound to pay them 500
dollars a year for ever.
Kaskaskias, a river on the N. W.
Territory, which it navigable for boats
130 miles. Its courfe is S. S. W. and
near its mouth it turns to the S. S. £..
and flows Into the MiiHiippi river, S4
niiles from the Illinois. It runs througji
a rich country, abounding in extenfive
natural meadows, and numberlels herds
of buflfaloe, deer, &c. High grounds
lie along the eaft (Ide of the river, the
banks being compofed of lime-ftone
and free-done, and are from too to . so
feet high, divi(<ed in many places by
deep cavities, thro* which many fmall
rivulets pafs before they fall into the
Miflif]ppi. The fides of thefe hills,
fronting the river, aro in many places
perpenclicular, and appear like folid
pieces of mafonry, of various colours,
figures and fiyes.
Kaskaskunk, a ^ownoi the Dela-
wares, between Grc.i, Bevcr creek and
Alleghany river, in Pcnnlylvania. Here
the Mo .>vian miflionanes hau \ ^ttle-
ment. It is 40 mihs north 6f Pit^fburg.
KASKiNOMPA, a fmall river vhich
runs weft, into the MifTifippi, from the
State of Tenneflce, in N. lat. 36. a8.
On the N. fide of its mouth is an iron
mine See Reelfoot.
KaTERs Kill, a weftern branch of
Kaats' Kill, in New-York State.
Kathtippacamunck, an Indian
village iituated On the north fide of Wz-
hdSh
KEN
1}{tfti river, at the mouth of Rippacanoe
creek} and about lo miles above the Low-
er Weau towns. Ini 79 1 » before its de-
lRru6Uon by Generals Scott and Wilkin*
fori, itcontailned 110 houfes, 80 of which
were fliingle roofed'. The beft houfes
belonged to the French tradtrA. The
Sardens and improvemisnts round #ere
elightful. There was a tavern with
cellars', bar, public and private rooms j
and the whole, m irked no fmall degree
of order and civilization.
KAWAitustCA,br /jroiWZtAr, alake in
the Diftrift of Maine, laid down in late
maps as the head of Paflamaquoddy riv-
er. N. lat. 46. 3. .
Kayadarossoha Creek, in New-
York State, about ta miles weft of the
confluence of Fifli-creek and Hudfoh's
river. The celebrated firings of Sara«
togA, 8 or 9 in number, are iituated on
the margin of a marAi formed by a
branch of this creek. See Saratoga.
Alio th6 name of a tra£l of land in Sa-
ratoga county. New- York V bounded by
the town of Shene£lady.
Kay*s Island, on the N. W. coaft
of America, lies in north lat. 59.49-
tod lon^. 2 1 6. 58. In the neighbour-
hood ot this iflandj Captain Cook dif-
covered feveral other iflandd.
.KeeNE, a poft-town of New-Hamp-
fhirej and one of the moit flouriftiing in
Chefliire county. It was incorporated
in 1753, and contained in 1775, 756,
and in 1790, 13 14 inhabitants. It is 14
miles from Walpole, 95 weft of Ports-
mouth, and 86 N.W. from Bofton. N.
iat. 4x. 53.
Kellysburgh, atownlhip in Chit-
tenden countyj Vermont, at the head
of the north bntnch of La Moille river.
KENAPACOMAquA, an Indian vil-
lage on the north bank of Eel river, a
branch of the Wahafli. See Longuille.
. Kendrick's IJland forms the weft
fide of Nootka Sounds into which you
inay enter from the weft by MafTachu-
fetts Sound, along the northern fide of
the iiland.
tT^' Kennebeckj next to Penobfcot is
the flneft river in the Diftti^ of Mains.
Three miles from the Chops, Swan
tdand, 7 miles long,divides thewaters of
the river. The waters on both ildes of
it are navigable ; but the channel on the
eaft fide of it is moftly ufed. Thiny-
eight miles from the fea is the ifland
Nahunkeag, which fignifies the land
KEN' »s^
where eels are taken. Within 3 inilct
of this i/land, a. fmall river coming weft
from poitdi which ate in the town of
Winthrop, runt into the Kennebeckf
and^ is known by the name of Cobbde-
conte, callM by the Indians CobbHTe-
conteagj which in their language figni-
fies the place where fturgeon are taken.
S|x miles further up. the rivet: we find
the head of the navigable waters. Thii
is a balbn 46 miles firom the fea, and
very oommodioua for the anchoring of
veflels; Oh the eaft bank of. the (mall
fall which terminates the navigation of
the Keunebeck, is Fort Weftem, which
was ere£ted in the year tjs** From
that fort to Taconnet Fall is 18 miles.
This is a great fall of waterj and ort the
bank of it, on the eaftem fide of the riv-
er, is Fort Half fax, erefled in 1754, and
(itUated on tlie point of land formed bv
the confluence of the Sebaftacook with'
the Kennebeck, by which the latter is
increafbd one third in fize. The Sebaf-
tacook comes from lakes nearly north
from its mouth ; and in its windings re-
ceives brooks and fmall rivers, for the
fpace of 1 50 miles. Thirty miles abov
Fort Halifax^ as the river runs, the
ftream called Sandy river flows into
the Kennebeck, at the point where the
ancient town of Norridgewock flood j
40 miles or more further up^ the Ken«
nebeck takes a fouth-weftward courfe;
The Kennebeck turning again weft-
ward, receives the eaftem branch 50
miles from Norridgewock. The maiii
branch of the Kennebeck^ windin^
into the wildernefs, forms ftverai
carrying-places, one of whichj called
the Great Carrying- place, is 5 miles
acrofsj arid the river's courfe gives a
diftance of 35 miles, for that virhich is
gained by 5 on the dry land. At about
100 miles diftance from the mouth of
the eaftern branth, the fource of the
main or weftem branch of the Kenne-
beck is fouiid extendi:d k great diftance
along the fide of the Chatidiere, which
carries the waters from the high lands
into the St; Lawrence. There are no
lakes, but a few fmall ponds and moraf-
fes at the fburce of this branch; The
carrying-place from boatable waters irt
it^ td boatable waters In the river Chau-
diere, is only $ miles over. The eaftern
branch of the Kennebeck, which unites
with the other above Norridgewock, if-
fues from a body of vvaters whioh lieN*
R % about
a6o
K B N
about to milM from the cotafluence of
tb* two brancket. Thefe waters are
called MooA Fond or Moofe Lake.
Tbe *fide« of the lake are to crooked,
that the body of waters has an irregular
figure { but the lake contaiat % timet
as miich water as Is fousKl in Lake
Ooorge. There are very hieh moutt-
taini to the north and weft of the lake,
and from thefe the waters run by many
channels to the St. Lawrence. The
Kcnnebeck atfbnls great quantities of
lumber, and is inhabited at different fea-
tm» by ieveral fpeciee o( valuable fifh.
SoloHSi and fturgeon are taken here in
gnat abundance, ami 0iad ami alewives
relieve the wants of the necelHtous part
at* the inhabitants. This river forms
the neareft iea-poit for the people on
the upper part of the river Connecticut.
Fiom the Upper Cohos, or Coos, on the
latter river to the tide-water in Kenne-
beck, i« 90 meafured miles.
Kbnnebunk, the Indian name of
the place fince called fyells, Diftrift of
Maine, about 33 miles below Portf-
,3uth, New-HampA)ire.
Kennebunk, a river of the Di(lri6l
of Maitiv. ving a good harbour at its
mouth, from whence great quantities of
lumber are diipped for a market. There
the lumber of Moufom is fhipped at pre-
ieut. This river divides the town/hips
of Wells and Anmdel. Tt runs a fliort
courfe, and empties into t (ba between
Cape Ponsoife and Cape N-.idick. See
KetmebuHK and tf^ells.
Ken NET, a townfliip in Chefter co.
Pennfylvania.
Kennomick, Great, a navigable
rivia-of theN.W. Tenitory, emptying
into the ibuth end of Lake Micnigan>
about N. lat. 41. 11. The waters of
this river communicate, by a pottage of
thirty yards, with Little Kennomick, a
fliort river which runs north-eafteriy in-
to the lake.
Kensington, a townlhiu in Rock-
ingham county, New-Hampmire, about
6 miles foutherly of Exeter, 8 northerly
of Ncwbuty-Port, and ao from Portl-
mouth. It was Incorporated in :7^^7.
In 1775 it contaiu;d 797, and in 1790,
800 inhabitants.
Kent, a county of Maryland on the
eaftL-rn fliore of Chefapeak Buy, bound-
ed £. by NewcaAlc, and part of Kent
county, Delaware, ar.dW. byChefapeak
Bay* It I« abuut 32 miles long and 1 3
KEN
broad, and contains 11,836 inhabitants^
including 543 3 Haves. Chief town. Chef,
ter.
Kent, a county of Rhode-Ifland, iy.
ing S. of Providenct' county, on the W.
fide of Narraj^nfet Bay. It is so miles
in length, and to in breadth, and is di-
vided into four townlhips. It contains
S78S inhabitants, including 63 (laves.
Kent, the middle of the three coun- . ^
ties of Delaware. It is 40 miles from. *
north to fouth, and «6 from eaft to weft,' ,
and contains 18, 9*0 inhabitants, includ.
ing 1300 flaves. The lands in Kent'
coiuity are efteemed the richeft in the
State. It is well watered by fcveral.
fmall ftreams that empty into the Dela-
ware. Chief town, Dover.
Kent, anifland in Queen Ann's co.
Maryland, and the lareeft in Chefa-.
peak Bay. It is i a miles from north
to ibuth, and 6 in breadth.
Kent, a townfhip in Litchfield co.
Connecticut, bordering on the State of
New- York, and 8 or 10 miles welt of
Litchfield.
Kentucky, a very crooked river in
the State of its name, which after a ge-
neral N. W. couri'c of soo miles, falls
into the Ohio in N. lat. 39. It is fome-
times called Cuttatua. Its fourcs is in.
the Laurel Mountains, and it interlocks
with Licking river. Its mouth is 77
miles above the Rapids, and 626 below
Pittlburg. Its mouth is 250 yardswide,
and the river is navigable 1 30 miles ; the
current is confiderably rapid, the banks
being high and rocky. It is faid black
lead mines have been found on the head;
waters of this river. Little Kentuckj
River is 25 yards wide, and 3 miles
weft of Kentucky river.
KENTUCKY, one of the United
States of America, bounded N. W. by
the river Ohio ; W. byCumberland river j
S. byTenneffce State ; E . by Sandy river,
and a line drawn due S. from its fource,
till it ftrikes the northern boundary of
Tcnneflee. It lies between 36. 30. and
39. 30. N. lat. aiid between 81. and
89. W. long, about 250 miles long,
and 200 broad, and contains about
50,000 fquare miles. It is divided intu
14. counties, viz. JefFerfon, Fayette,
Bouibon, Mercei*, Nelfon, Maddifon,
Lincoln, Woodford, Mafon, Wafliing-
ton, Clark, Scott, Logan, and Franklin.
It contains 73,677 inhab.Uants, of whom
12,430 are flaves. The river Ohio.
waflies
IS 77
below
Sswide>
the
y river,
foarce,
idary of
30. and
;ia and
long,
about
decl into
Fayette,
addifon,
i^aftilng-
ranklin.
if whom
;r Ohio,
wafliea
KEN
wafhes the N. wellem fide of Kcntuckyi
in it! whole extent. It* principal branch-
es which water this fertile tra£l of coun-
try, are Sandy, Licking, Kentucky,Salt,
Green, and Cumberland river*. Thefe
again branch in various dire6lions, into
rivuletu of diflRerent magnitudes, fertili-
»in|; the country in all its paits. The
fpnngs and dreams leflen in June, and
contiMie low, hindering navigation, un-
til November, when tM autumnal rains
fwdl the rivers, and repk-nifli the whole
country with water. At the bottoms of
thefe watcr-courfes the lime-ltone rock,
which is common in this country, ap-
pears of a greyifti colour ; and where it
IS expofed to the air, in its natural (late,
it looks like brown free>ftone. On the
banks of theie rivers and livitlets, this
ftone has the appearance of fine marble,
being of the fame texture, and is found
in the greateft plenty. After heavy
rains, the waters in the rivers rife be-
tween the high lime-ftone banks from
10 to 30 feet. There are 5 noted lalt-
i'prlngs or licks, in this country, viz. the
higher and lower Blue Springs, the Big
Bone Lick, Drinnon''8 Lick, and Bul-
let's Lick at Saltfburg. The laft of thefe
licks has fupplied this country and
Cumberland with fait, at 3 dolls. 3 3 cents
a bufhel, and Tome is exported to the
Illinois country. The method of pro-
curing water from thefe licks, is by
fuiking wells from 30 to 40 ftet deep,
which yield water more ftrongly im-
pregnated with fait, than the water from
the fea.
This whole country, as far as hat yet
been difcovered, lies upon a bed of lime-
flone, which in general is about fix feet
below the furface, except in the vallies,
where the foil is much thinner. A traft
of about 10 miles wide, along the banks
of the Ohio, is hilly, broken land, inter-
fperfiid with many fertile foots. The
reft of the country is agreeably uneven,
gently nfcending and defcending at no
great diftances. The angles of afcent
are from 8 to 24. degrees, and fome-
times more. The vallies in common are
very narrow, and the foil in them is very
thin, and of an inferior quality ; and
that along the afcending ground, is fre-
quently not much better; for where
you fee a tree blown up, you find the
roots clinging to the upper parts of the
rock. The foil on thefe agreeable af-
<;euts (for they cannot be called bills)
KEN
t6i
i< Aifficiently deep, at it tvidentfrooi
the flic of the trees. The foil is chher
blacW, or tinged with a lighter or deep*
er veimilion, or is of the colour of dark
aAies. In many placet there are appear-
ances of potter^t clay, and coal in abun-
dance. The country promiica to bt
well fupplied with whclclbme, well taft-
ed water. In Ntlfon conn^, N. W.
of Rolling Fork, a branch of Salt rivtrf
is a ttiSi of about 40 miles fquare, niolt-
ly barren, interfperfed with plain* and
ftrips of good land, which are advanta-
geous fituations for raifing cattle, as the
neighbouring barrens, as thejr are im-
properly ftylcd, are covered with graTs,
and afford good paftumge. The lands
eaft of Nohn creek, a branch of Green
river, are in general of an inferior oua-
lity } but the bank s of Green river anoi J
many defirable fituations.
Toward the head waters of KchtO'Tky
river, which interlock with the waters
of Cumberland and Sandy river*; and
the whole country eaftward and ibuth-
ward as far as the Holtton river, is brok-
en and mountainous } and from the de-
fer iption given by hunters, it hat been
much doubted whether it would ever
be praflicabfe to make a paflTable road
from Kentucky acrofs to Winchefter, in
Virginia, on the eaft fide of the moun-
tains, which, on a ftraight line, is not
perhaps more than 400 miles, and the
way now travelled is 600. This doubt,
however, is now removed, and a com-
pany have lately undertaken to cut a
road (it is thought a waggon road may
be made) from Kentucky, to iiafs by
the Sweet Springs in Virginia; thence
to Winchefter. This new road, it is
fiippofed, will be nearly «oo milct
(horter than the one now travelled.
This countiy in genera] is well tim-
bered. Of the natiu'al growth which
is peculiar to this country, we may reck-
on the fugar, the coiFee, the papaw, the
hackberry, and the cucumber trees.
The two laft are foft wood, and bear a
fruit of the ftiape and fize of a cucum-
ber. The conce tree refembles the
black oak, and bears a pod, which en-
clofes a feed, of which a drink is made
not unlike coiFee. Befides thefe, there
is the honey- locuft, black mulberryi
wild cherry, of a large fize. The buck-
eye, an exceedingly foft wood, is the
horfe chefnut of £urope. The noagno-
lia bears a beautiful bloObm of a rich
R3 and
ti*
KEN
and exquifitc fragrance. Such h the
VaHety and beauty of the flowering
flmibi and olanta which grow fponta-
neoufly in this country, that in the pro-
fmr fn,(on the wiidernefi appears in blof-
Ibm. The accounts of the fertility of
the foil in this country, have, in (ome
iL^ancey, exceedtid behef, and probably
have been exaggerated. That fome
parts of Kentucky, particularly the high
l^rounds, are remarltahly good, all ac-
counts agree. The lands of the firft
rate are too rich for wheat, and will
produce 50 and 60, and in fome in-
itances, it is affiitnH, 100 bufhels of
good coni an acre. In common, the land
Will produce 30 bufhels of wheat or rye
an acre. Barley, oats, flax, hemp, and
vegetables of all kinds common in this
cHm^te, yield abundantly. Cotton is
icidom and with difficulty brought to
perfeAion. Irifti potatoes produce in
abundance, fweet potatoes are raifed
yrith difficulty.
The old Virginia planters fay, that
Sf the climate does not prove too moiff,
few foils known will yield more or bet>
.^er tobacco. Experience has pruvetl,
that the climate is not too moift. Great
quantities of this article have been ex-
ported to France and Spain, through
New-Orleans ; and it is a well known
fafl that Philadelphia is a profitable
market for the Kentucky planters, not-
'withffanding all the inconveniences and
cxpenfes of refttipment at New-Orleans,
under a Spanifli government. What
advantages then may not this country
expcfl iince the free navigation of the
Miffifippi is now enjoyed ?
In the rivers are plenty of buffaloe,
pike and catfifli of uncommon fize, fal-
mon, mullet, rock, perch, garfifli, eel,
' fuckers, lunfifli, &c. Shad have not
been'caught in the weftern waters.
' Swamps are rare in Kentucky; and
of coiirfe the reptiles which they pro-
duce, fuch asfnakes, frogs, &c. are not
numerous. The honey bee may be call-
ed a domedic infe£l, as it is faid not to
he found but in civilized countries.
This is cbnfirmed by a faying which is
comnion iniicihg the Indians, when they
fee a f<varm of bees in the woods, " Well,
brothers, it is time ^6r us to decamp, for
the white people are coming." Never-
fhelels, bees, of late years', 'have abound-
ed, to their amazement, Cveh zoo miles
N. mi N. W, of the Ohio, The qua-
K E N
dnipedea, except the buffak)e> are thn
fame as in Virginia and the Carolinns.
The climate is healthy and delightful,
fome few places in the neighbourhood
of ponds and low grounds excepted.
The inhabitants do not experience tho
extremes of heat and cold. Snow fel-
dom falls deep, o>r lies Ipng. The win-
ter, which begins about Chrifimis, is
never longer than three months, and is
commonly but two, and is fo mild as
that cattle can fubfift without fodder.
Kentucky experiences a greater de-
gree of temperature than any of the
neighbouring States: Fahrenheit's ther-
mometer feWom falling below 3 5* in
winter, nor riimg above 80* in fummer.
The approach ot the feafons is gradual.
The lummer continues moftly to the
middle of O£lober. The autumn or
mild weather, generally continues until
C-hriftmas, when there is fome cold and
froft until February, when the fpring
approaches ; and by the beginning of
March feveral flirubs and trees begni to
fhooth forth their buds •, by the middlepf
the month the buck-eye or horfe-ch^-
nut is clad in fummer's array ; and by
the middle of April the fohaee of the
forefts is completely expanded; which
is a fortnight earlier than the leaves are
(hot forth in Virginia and Maryland t
and Cumberland is proportionally more
temperate than N. Carolina, as Ken-
tucky is to Virginia. Malt-liquor, fpi-
rits didilled from corn and rye, and the
juice of the fugar-tree mixed with wa-
ter, conftitute the ordinary beverage of
the country. Here are various mine-
rils ; as iron, copper, lead, fulphur, ni«
tre, &c. Iron-works are in fuch for-
wardnefs, as to furnllli large quantities
of callings.
The legiflature of Virginia, while
Kentucky belonged to that State, ntade
provifton for a college in it, and endow-
ed it with very coniiderable landed funds.
The Rev. John Todd collected, chiefly
from a number of liberal ge.itlemen in
England, a very handfome library for
its ule. This college, of late, has not
flourilhed; and another has been efta-
bliflied, and confidei'able funds collected
for its fupport. Schools are eftabliffied
in the feveral towns, and, in general,
regularly and handfomely Supported.
In this State are two printing offices,
and two weekly gazettes publiflied*
TbeF»are created a paper mill) 9il ta\]l»t
fulling
the
while
I niade
endoW'
funds.
chiefly
emen in
rary for
has not
en efta-
;oUeacd
abliflted
general,
iported.
offices,
ibliflied*
U miliit
fulling
K E
IJ^iUinv m!Ui, faw ntilU, and a great num-
ber of valuable grift milla. Several va-
luable tanneries have been edabliflied in
different parts of the country. Their
fatt works arc more than fufficicnt to
Amply all tlietr inhabitants, at a low
price. They make confiderable quan-
tities of fugar from the fugar-trees.
The banks, or rathrr precipice*, of
Kentucky and Dick's rjver, are to be
reckoned among the natural curiofities
of this country. Here the altoniflied
eye beholds 300 or 499 feet of Ibiid per-
ficiidicular rock, in fome paits of the
ime-llone kiod, and in others of fine
white mirble, curioufly checkered w th
Arata of aftouiihiug regularity. Thefe
irivers have the appearance of deep r
tificial i;anal$. Their high rocky bankv
are covered with red cedar groves.
Caves hive been difcovered in this
country of fcveral miles in length, under
a tine lime-ftane rock, fupported by cu-
rious arches and pillars. Springs that
emit fulphureous matter have been found
in feveral parts of the country. One is
near n fait fpring, in the neighbourhood
of Boonn)orough. There are three
fprings or ponds of bitumen near Green
river, which do not form a (tream, hui
empty themfclves into a common refer-
voir, and when uled in lamas, anfwcr all
the pui'pofes of the bed oil. Copperas
and ailura are among the minerals of
Kentucky. Near Lexingtop are found
curious fepulchrcs fqll qt hu^an (kele-
tons. It has been aflerted th:|t a man
in or near Lexington, having dug five
or fix feet below the furface of the
ground, came to a large flat (lone, under
which was a well of common depth,
regularly and artificially ftoned.
Thediltance of Philadelphia, by land,
to Kentucky is between 700 and 800
miles; from Baltimore nearly 700 }
nearly 600 from Alexandria, and up-
wards of 500 from Richmond. From
the Rapids of the Oluo to Santa Fe, is
loco miles, and from thence to the city
of Mexico, 1500.
Keowe, or Keonuett the name given
to Savannah river, above its confluence
with the Tugulo, the weft main branch.
,\ Keowe, anciently a populous town
iuid territory of the Cherokee Indians,
on the river of that name, the N. eaft-
ernmoft branch of Savannah river. The
foil is very fertile, and the adjacent
heights might, with little expenfe, be
KIK 16)
rendered »Im«(l impregntbk. Th«
fruitful vale of Kct>we it 7 or I nllea ia
extent, when a high ridge of hills ter-
miiuitca the valt, but opens again below
thi' ridge, and continues 10 or 1% mJm
down to Sinica, and in width 1 or •
miles. This was formerlvone conti-
nued and thickly inhabited iettkmcot*
well cultivated and planted. It now ou
hibits a very different fpcAacIc to the
feeble remains of the once potc it Che*
rokees. Fort Geo«>ge firmerly ftood
nrar the okt fcitf; of Keowe.
Kbplirs, a village in Berks coan-
tv, Pcnnfvlvania, on Little Schuylkill
river, tbeN. branch of Schuylkill river {
a I miles N. N. W. of Reading, and 3ft
W. of Bethlehem.
Kerisoncar, a lake in the Diflrid
of Maine, which fends its water* to Pe>
noblcot river.
Kershaw, a county of Camden AM-
u\fX, S. Carolina, oh Wateree riveTf
which feparates it fi-om llichland coun-
ty. It IS 35 miles in length vad^ 30
in breadth.
K E SI A H . See Cujbai Rivtr,
KsYWAWA, a fmall i(le m Charlefw
town harbour, S. Carolina.
KAtRSEROE Gore, in Hil'fborough
county. New- Hampihiref contaius 103
inhabitants.
KiCKAPOUS, an Indian nation whole
different tubes inhabit near the entrance
of Lake Superior, where »o years ago
they ha<l 400 wairiors \ part refide at
Lakp Michigan, and between that and
the Miflifippi, near the Outtagomies,
I &c. ami another tribe near the Pian«
kefhaws, and on the Wabalh and its
branches.
The Kickapous and Kaflcafluas, two
Indian nations lately hoftile, ceded
lands to the United States at the treaty
of Greenville, Auguft 3, 1795. The
United States, on the other hiw, paid
them a fum of money in hand, and en-
gaged to pay them oi goods, annually,
CO the value uf 500 dollars for ever*
KiCKBMUiT River is a N. %veft«m
arm of Mount Hope B^y. It i$ ^bout
t miles long, and l\:i\i a mile broad.
The town of War^fcn, in Brifliol coun.
ty, in the State of Rbod^-^fland, lies
N.W. of it.
KiGLAPyED. on the coaft of Labra-
dor, in Davis's Strait, N. from and
near Naifi •, which fce«
Kikeionec Fointt See Kmwati,
R 4. KlLLINGLY,
<f^f-
IMAGE EVALUATION
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Photographic
Sdaices
Corporation
33 WEST MAIN STRfET
WEBSTER, N.Y. M5S0
(716) •72-4903
f
♦.'■
kiLi.infoi.v, « to#n in WinAiia
■comitjr, CMiMftieur» in the nefith*caAera
Tfut^ tte Smt, bordering «a Rhode-
iflMM, Mid ftparatcdirohiPinnfrrtby
^iMbaug river. It lies «bd«it rt miles
MRwird of Windham, and hat a€on-
imgatiooal chilroh. The original fet-
mn were from Mafiaehuietta. The
-town waa incorporated in Maf, 170!.
In t7»< it waa divided into two parifli-
«• { one of ^ieh ia no«^ kioorporated
l»y ^e name of Thompibn.
KiixiMOTOH, a moontainoattown
ftipin kiitland county, Vermjnt, hav-
ing Medway on the W. Barnard N. E.
and Saltadi on the S. E. and contains }•
inhabitants. Watcrquechee river has
its fource in a pond in this town.
: KrLLiHowORTH, a poft>town in
-Middlffex county, Conuefticut, ilituated
on Long-Ifland Sound, 9 miles E. of
Gilford and a; W. of New-London.
•The Indian name of the townOiip was
Hammonaflet ) and a ftream or th&t
namei<uns mi the<W. fide of the town,
and divides it fran Guilford. It was
fettled, in 1663, by is planters from
Hartford, Guilford, and Windlbr. The
EnglUh name defigned to have been gi-
ven this town was Kennthutrtbt but by
miftake it was recorded Kiiiittgwortk.
.Tt was incorporated in 1703.
KiLLiSTiNOBS, Indians who inha-
bit on Lake Superior ; and can Aimi/h
^50 warriors.
Kii KBNNY, a town in Grafton coun-
ty, Ncw-Hampihire, incorporated in
'X774> but not inhabited.
KiMBECK, a place on the eaft bank
of Hudfon's river} 17 or iS miles no- 'h
ofPoughkeepfie.
KjNOfiRHOOKi a poft-town in Co-
lumbia county, New- York, on the eaft
&leof Hudfon'sriv«r: 13 miles north
of Hudibn city, 19 S. by £. of Albaay,
145 north of New-York, andi5 W.by
M. of Stoftkbridge in Mrrfachufetts.
The townmip contains 4,661 inhabi-
anti; of whom 411 are eleJlors, and
638 flaves.
KiNDBRHOOK Landing,in the above
town(hip, is fituated under the bank ot the
river, Auruunded with an uncleared bar-
ren country, lias about 1 5 or 20 houfes,
andjijl^rly as many ftores and other
buii|it|i;sV so miles S. of Albany. The
towi^ throueh which the ftage to New-
York runs, IS about 5 miles eaft of the
Landing. .. • » • ' •
Kiiroi.f ^'11 «0w^aii|^ itt nUMel.
phiacotnty* Ft; jQtfUnii.
King Alio vjjratN* a eennty of
Vkginia, on Maitapany river,, which
feparates it from ICingWiUtam*! county.
It is about as miles loog antt. io liroad»
and contains 9,377 inhSbitatits, iiich^.:
King Giorob, an -ancient fort on
the borders of Eaft-Florida, near St.
Mary*s river.
KiugGborob^s Sovi!i9,m No^ka,
lies on the N. W. coaft of N. Anaerica^
in north lat. 49. 361 See Nntktt. '
King Gborgb, a coumyof Virainiai
lying between the Patowmac, aifid Rap.'
jMdiannock rivers. It is ax miles long,
and 14 broad, and contains 7,366 inha-
bitants, of whom 4,1 57 are flaves. '
Kings, a maritime county of New-.
York, "containing all that part of the
State, bounded eafterly by Queen's coun-
ty} northerly, by New-Yoric county;
wefterlv, partly by Hudfon^s river, j^t-
ly by the ocean } and foutheriy by the
Atlantic Ocean, including Coney Ifl-\
ands." This ftttile traft of land, fitti-
ated on the W. end of Long-Ifland,and
feparated fiiom Staten-Ifland by the
Narrows, contributes largely to the fup.
ply of the New- York market with ve-
fetables, roots, fruits, butter, 5cc. It is
ividcd into 6 townfliips, and contains
4i495 inhabits, including 1,431 llavM.
Chieftowns, Brooklyn and Flat bofb. '.
Kinoes, a coimtv of Nova-Scotia,
comprehending the lands on the S. W.'
and S. fides of the Bafin of Minas. The
Habitant is navigable for'yeflels of 40
tons a little way up. The Canaid for
vei&ls of 160 tons, 4 or -5 miles \ and
the Comwallis is navigablefor veiTclsof
100 tons 5' miles, for thofeof 50 tons
10 miles ^rther. Thertf are confidera-
ble lettlements on thefe rivers, arid they
afford a good 'portion of fine ia<.ds for
tillage, and for herbage, and fome ex-
cellent meadows. In the rivers are
found a great abundance of (had of an
excellent kind } and in the Bafin<pf Mi-
nas are~fine cod-fifli, haddock, bafs, and
flat fifli of different kinds.
Ki NG's Bridge, a poft-town of New-
York, I jmilesnorthof New. York city,
and t9 S. W of Stamfordin Connecticut.
The bridge here cbnneAs New- York
ifland with the main land. ' It waa
ftrongly fortified during the war. The
heights about it are commanding.
Kingsbury,
fAf^niSt^ tniftof htadaBed the fro-
yttadatPttfqt. \t takaann % >»o ii^-
piUUltia
Ku)Q*Stor PlAi^i. Island, a fin«ll
iflii|(i ii we l|ay of Panama. It belonn
to flpain» and w fiunom for its pearl 5<n-
erjr}«id Itev^ N. tat. 7. |». yf. )m%.
KiNQ8T0M| or Esopu9» a poft-town
^New<Ywle» fitiutedin OUterfrfninty,
on the W. fide of Htidf<»i> riyer, fix
inilei Vi^. <tf Rhinebeck* andl on the £.
0de of Elqpqt Kill, or Creek. It was
^keftrored oa the isthof Of^ohert 1777,
I17 onlef of General Van^han« com-
manding a fleet which failed up the
^udlbn, when large quantities of Acres
^fere confumed. It is rebuilt on a re-
Sular phm, aiid contains about 150
sufts, a court-houftf, jail, a Dutch re-
formed churf h, and an academy. It is
fnoft pleafantly fituated upon, and fur-
raunded by a fpacious plain. It is 56
ihiles 8. of Albany, avd 109 N. of New-
York. N. lat. 41. 56. W. long. 73.
|6. « The townfliip contains 39«9 inha-
itants,9f whom 556 are eleftors, and
30a flaves.
KiNGSTQN,atownfhipin Addifon co.
Verroont, containing lot inhabitants.
Kingston, atownlhip in Plyniouth
CO. Maflachuletts, 00 the weftem part
(Df P^bnth Bay, bounded northerly by
PuxDOrough, and contains 1004. inha.
bitants . There is here a flitting and roll .
ing mill. The town was incorporated
in V 707. ItisjS miles S. £. of Bof-
ton.
' KiNG8TON,atOwnfliipinRockingham
county, New-Hamp(hii-e, lying on the
road which leadafnom Exeter to Haver-
hill, in Maflachufetts, 6 miles from the
former,^ 1% from Haverhill, and 30 from
rortfmouth. It was incorporated in
1694. In 1775 it contained 961 inha-
bitants ) and in 1 790, 906.
Kingston, a village m New- Jerfey,
three miles N. £. of Princeton, and 15
S. W. of Brunfwick ; an elevated and
fileafant fpot.
Kingston, the chief town of Lenoir
coufity, Newbem diftri£l, N. Carolina.
It is a poft-tovmn, fituated in a beautiful
plain on the N. Hde of Neus river, and
contains a court-houfe, jail, and about
^o houfes. It is 40 miles W. of New-
Qerni and 24 from Waynefliorough.
I
coomy, jPennfylfania
•KtHttaTOiii w tOM) «f
diftrift, 8.€k>^r Iti^
MIN iff
^m
the W. fla« frf l^akktmiBt AMl^««t
conninis sn c^piicopm cnoron* m^i louw
|oboufef. It is 4.1 hc'^IVi brS.
of Georgetown* «M i«3 J|. 1^ 9««f
Charleftown. N. l«t. 3). 5t. W. hMig.
7J. 1. ■'■
KiNOSTONi a viRwe inTdbot C9.
Marylaml, fituated on the eafllcmfltdf
Choptank rivcr,4mile« bdbwIhePoHcs.
KiNosTOTi, ibnmrly^^ calfcd fnuAr
ituu, is fituated on the northem nrt
of Lake (^ario, at die nMMidi <^ ita
otitlet Iroouois riveri aoo nsilea Awdi-
ward of Montreal, and 1 50 nqirdmarll
of Niagara. Here the King** ftorw are
kept and guarded by one company tf
men. Part of Old Fort Frontime i$nomr
ftanding, the heft part of which is dito
magazuK. Khngftonconlitnaabotit tdo
houfes. Largeircffitis go nofur^Mt tlitii
this place } thSnce to Niagwra, 4rc; ftonii
and merchandize are conveyed in boiti.
Kingston, the capital of the iflanl
of St. Vincents, intheWefl-Indies,ai^
the feat of ebvemment, Uet at the head
ofabayofthe flune name, onthefenth-
weftem fltore of the ifland», in 8t*
George*s parifll.
Kingston, the capital of the iflandl
of Jamaica, in the Weft- Indies, is fituat-
ed on the N. fide of a beautiful harbotii'y
having Port-Royal on the N. E. and
Spanifli-Town on the 8. W. and waa
founded in 1693 ; when repeated defo-
lations by earthquakes and fire hiSi
driven the inhabitants from Port-Royal.
It contains 1665 houfes, befides negro
huts and ware-houfes. In tySS) the
white inhabitants amounted to 6,539 i
free people of colour 3,180 j and flavea
16,659 ^ in all 26,478. It is a place of
great trade and opulence. Many of the
houfes in the upper part of the town
are extremely magnificent) and tlie
markets for butchers* meat, turtle, fifli,
poultry, fruits, and veeetables, inferior
to none. It is the refidence of the mofl
coniiderable merchants^ whofe fliips load
and unload here. Upon an average of
ao years, the fliips that go out aunually
from this port amount to 400. N. tat«
»7. 57* 30' W. long. 76. 33.
KiNO WitLiAM, a county of Virgi-
nia, between Mattapony and Pamunky
rivers, It is 47 miles long and 1 5 broad,
and
llUfl!i|(M^,fjnMe«ibf4owAle«i|iid sod
I name
]M.R|*.^«, » poft^tnifmof Vii^iqia, i6
Miles from Wcftmorei'and court-hou&,
ai^ :P« £rom Nor(hMnpib«rlaii)4 court-
.K^^oil PoiMTft called in feme
lffM»M^ it tbe fpctwi^ity of a
'enps^^oi^ *4>ic^ pvjx^s jwr into
ihejbwM^fide of If»k^ Sup«(t(tr,
. IS^oii^ONA* an Indian townonCoh.
fwvig^rivprf i4i]P'cm)iyivaoi», and ii
■nUaaim^berlyfnnq itt mo\»th hi Aik-
jhaoy river.
4M«IITAC* fn itfaud on t|ie N, W.
«Oii|^ ti, {lortho America, lies eaftward
■^f'^f^Vf. f^» VI the fe««h-caft Cde of
tim pnwuMiof Alaika. and on that
frt^oC H oppofitf the bead of Briftoi
If, 0^ the N* W* fiii* o^ the peninfula.
IS alio opposite the mouth of Cook's
river.
ILiiKlMANiTAS ^viT, is a branch
«|( Alleghany river, into whkh it emp-
tm in pi, lat. 40. 40. iii Weftmore-
land county, Pennfylvania. Its bead
-wainra are tittle Ccmemaugh and Stone
«fciqk> After theifrjiim^ipn it is called
Cencmawgb river. It then receives
Bkcic Lick fipom theN.E. and 17mi.es
from its mouth Loyalbannon Creek ei»>
ters fitun the S. S. £. after which it is
«alledKi(kemanitas river. It is naviga-
ble for tMtlcaux 40 or 50 miles, and good
poruges are found between it and Ju-
JUIittaand Potowmac rivers. Coal aiKl
ialt are diicovcred in the vicinity of tliefe
rivert.
KiTTANiMO, a fettlemuit in Penn-
fylvania, on the eaft fide of Alieghanv
jriver, 36 miles northward of 1*111/-
Wg.
KiTTATlNNY Aftutttaiiu, a ridge
of the Alleghany Mountains, which
SUBS through Uie northern parts of New.
Jerfey and Pennfylvania.
KiTTfiKY, a towiiihi)} In York coun-
ty, diftri£l of Maine, incorpurtited in
1653, and coofitU of 3 parishes, con-
taining 3tS 50 inhabitants. It is fituated
between Pifcataqua and York rivers, 67
sai|ks nortlKrlv ot Bolton. In this town
i» Skm^eu weck» called fo from the )
fn$kM the irakmm^ cfibit cou^
tfyi but there J^«a b^ omie ibwui
iortbciftpanyy«iui,paO. This creek
IS hunous in the mftoiy of the 6^ fi^*
t'«rs. A ' ■ { '
fiTfi, St. See S(, Cki^^^u
N QB 1*1 CK, iq Mercer county, Kc9-
tupjty, lies 1 5 mi|^ $• ^> pf Harrp^f-
tOwn, aiid aboQt la foutnerly of Shm*
vUle. '
|i;i!ioiV|.ToN, a tpwnihip ui Stifl^t
eount]r, New-Jeirfeyf coptainii^ 1,937
inhabitfints, of whom 13 arf; flaye^.
Knoulton, 9 grant inphitbei^en
couqtT, Vcrpont, lie< E. qf 'Smithlielf|,
and W. of K^Ilviburgh, and contains
io,qoo acres oJF land.
K^Nox, a county in the State of Ten-
ncflee, in Hamilton diftrift, contained
in 1795, according to the State coouTu^,
<l»573 inhabitants, of whom 9^^365
were flaves.
Knox, a county in the N. yr. %m\'
river to its confluence with tbe Ohio
river} thence with the Qhiq to the finaU
rivulet above fort Maflac j thence wUk
the eaftera boundary line of St. Clair
county, to themputhof tb« little Michi.
limacktnacl^ ; thence up the Illinois
river to the forks pr f:onfluence of thf
Theakiki andChikagoj thence by a
line to be drawn due north jto the boun-
daiy line of the territory of the United
States, and fo far eafterly upon faid
boundary, as that a due fouth line may
be drawn to the place of beginning.^
Alfo the name of a fort in the fame ter«
ritory.
Knox, one of Ingraham's iflands.
Captain Ingraham difcovered two
illards, which be called K^ and Htm.
cock, which Captai ' Roberts foon af-
ter difcovering, called Frttman and
Laagdan. Thefe iflaqds bad every ap.
pearance of fertility. Their latitude
IS from 8. 3. to S. 5. S. andiheirlonr
gitude very nearly 141. W. from Green-
wich.
Knoxvills, the metropolis of the
ftate of TenneiTee, is fituated, in Kno^
county, on the porth fide of Holfton
river, tn a beautiiliil fpot of ground, a»
miles above the junAion of Holfton ri»
ver with the TenneflTee, and 4 below the
mouth ofFreiKhfiroaa river. It >• if*
'» flouriiking
50'
IS
t lloariililaft fituatkMi and enjojraa c«n.
sminicatton mih vim pwt m the Untu
f)d Statet by ppft. It it regularly laid
out, and contaiiM about 130 houfet, a
court-houfi;, gaul, and bamcka Jargie
enough to contato 700 men. The Ai*
piTeme courta of law and eaui^ for the
diftriA of Hamihon are held here half
yearly, and the courta of pl<at and quar-
ter fe0ions for Knox county are held
here. A college has been eftabliihed
here by governmenti called Blount Col-
lege. It IS 3s miles N, of Teilico Block-
houfe i aoo S. E. by S, of Frankfort> in
Kentucky { 4.85 W. by $. of Richmcmd,
in Virginia} and 7*8 fouthrwefterly of
Philadelphia.
KopiAC, an ifland on* th« fouthem
ihore of the peninfula of Alaika, on the
N. W. coaft ; which fee.
KoRTRioHT, a townfliip in Otiego
county, New- York; i^% ot it«' inhabi-
tants are elcAors.
KoYAHT, a fmall ille at th^ S. end
of Wafliington IQe, at the. entrance of
a ftrait feparating a fmall i0e from th|e
largeft.
KRIS, Indians inhabiting the banks
of Lake Chriflineaux. They can raife
l,ftoo warriors.
KuLSAGE, or Sugar Towtit a little
Cherokee town in the vale of Keowe.
KYuqyoT, a large found or bay on
the N. W. co^ of N. America, having
|(oberts Ifland on the one fide. N. lat.
50. W. long. 127. 10.
LABRADOR, Terra de, one of
the nprthem counties of America,
called alfo E(<iuii;iaux, and is compre-
hended in New-Britain ; bounded north
by Hudfon's Strait, fouth by part of
Lower. Canada and the river St. Law-
rence, well by Hufon's Bay, north-eaft
by th^ Ocean and Davis's Straits, and
£. by the Straits of Beliifle and the
Gulf of St. Lawrence. The coaft is
rocky and interfperfcd with innumerable
ifles. The only attempt to trade with
Labrador, has been directed towards
the fiflicry; the annual produce of
which, amounts to upwards of ^49,000
fieri. The inhabitants, whole number
is unknown, hunt for furs and fliins.
The Moravian Brethren maintain a
C9iomuni<;ation with their miiTion on
LAM
the «oiA of LabndoK.^ Tlw;|f^pf^
of their Ihip is dhridofl iato Immm
£10 onlv, with the ^pply iamd^m
the brcthrm} aKtcica arc ftnt for. M^
fie with the natiT<:a, anabliiv lluni(«i
bring back cargoes that have afbpdai
them not alwaya a dividopd o^ laort
than the mtcreft of th« aifMitmfkfA
Stt ffrui'BritoM,
Lairador, a large lake which hf
ita nuQierooa, branches iom» » «iat«r
communication through great part «(f
the ifland of Cape Bieton. In Ibnip
raap9 it is called St. Petcr'a Lake.
LACKAWANNOC|t,a mountaiivinthe
north- weftem part of Penofylvawa.
Lachawannock, a townfliip in
Luzerne county, Pennfylvania
Lack, a townfliip in Mifflin counqr>
Pennfylvania.
La CpLf , a river, which falls into
Lake Champlain tram the W. 5 milM &
S. W.of Nvt-Ifland,afterafluirt;»ar&.
Lacomi/C, a fmall creek which enq»-
ties through the weft bank of Alleghaiqr
river in Pennfylvania, oppofite Lickif[[g
Creek, a fliort dtftance below tort Frank-
I in. ,
Laconia. The tra£l of land extendi
ine firom the river Mcrriniack to Saga-
dahock, and from the ocean to the lun
and rivers of Canada, went under tkia
name, in the grant of- lands in^ai,
from the council of Plymouth to Capt.
Mafon and Sir Ferdinand Gorgea. ,
Ladies I/tamlf a fmall ifluid oCS.
Carolina, near Port-Royal.
Laqoon, one of the new difcovered
iflands in the South Sea. Captain C^»ak
viflted it in 1769. S. lat. iS. 47. 1¥.
long, from Greenwich 139. a8..
Lacuna, a town of Peru, tituatedan
Amaaon river. S. E. of the town of Bona.
La Guayra, a maritime fortified
town in Caraccas, a province of Terra
Firma. This town, and Puerto Cabela
are the chief in the province.
Lake OF THE WOODS. Set fTnodsM
La Moslle, a large river in theN.
W. part of Vermont. Its general cofrib
is wefterly t after running about 75
miles, and receiving 14. Icfler ftreamst it
falls into Lake Champlain at Cotchetter,
S miles north of the mouth of Onioii ri-
ver, and is of about the fame magnituUe.
Lambaye^ub, a town on the road
from Guayaquil to Lima in Peru, tour
leagues from Morrope. It confitts of
about 1,500 houfes, built of different
materially
0$ '1 ^ N .
■iMBnsiVjrVK iirpiRiin or Di|ire(]VeiyOr
^MRMMFMr WfNtS* Tile 'imilftft of the
lMMIl6«l%«eiMlM(itidnkortheXAd{)iM,
'^iMkW-Mim entirely of eanee. The
l NWVM 'df<« fadlAbitanfe amounti to a-
%M(ri6|«eo, ktut of -whom we opttlem {
%Hfe^hfe geiMMllry ere poor ftnntHnts,
Militt«»e» MriKsoes, aMd Indians. It
lie a hroe mnl elegant ftone chareh. It
ll' the fjHMlencc'<of a eorregidor, having
widifr^h jttMri(iii6lton« befid«s many
'ilber ftrttot, (bat of Morrope. One of
fhe «wo officers of rlie revenue appoint.
ed ferTrwrillo, aird refides here. S.
iMv tf.*<4l. 57. W. lohg. 76. 15.
lrAMihA» a jurirdiAion of Cufeo^ in
•Tkfi»>'lBS. America. It begins about
ai
'eaguet (both of the city of Cuico ;
t the prinetpal province included
voder rite name of Callao. Here are
m iee H ent pafturee and filver mines.
The air i» very etMi
LAMFfeTKR, a townftiip in Lancafter
•inmtyv Ptnmfylvania.
Lawpriy Rkier, a water of Great
Mw't in Mew-Hamp(hire.
LakcasTbRi a bay or found on the
^-cftem coaft of Sir iThomas Smith's
-hciy. The ibuthemmoft part lies in N.
iit' 74' so; The moft northerly is
«ifNe(l ifUdermm Jonaa's Sovnd, and
HiisibN. iat. 76.
I ifliwc A ST B K, a popmloaa and wealthy
-minttf b the interior part of Penn>
fy'finh, extending fonth to the Maiy.
wtd Une. It b about 4a miles fquare,
io divided into a5 townOiipsy and con-
taina 5d6»s40 acres ot land, and
«$ii 47 Miabitants, including 348flave8.
Tlte lands tn this county are rich and
well culti7ated. Thehitls in the north-
ern t^rts abennd with iron ore j for the
■MniufaAtiring which, s ftimaces and 8
for|!;es have been crofted. The furna-
cef mamnfaAnre nlraut t,«oo tons of
figfi and nearly that nunil>ci- of bar- iron
ana ually. Co|iper anc 'cad have alio
■bet n found here. Chief town, Lmtc^^^r.
)I.ANCA«lrER} a county of Vit^mia,
beranded eaft-by Ghefapeak Bay) and S.
'W^, by Rappahannock river. It is
about 40 miles loni;, and i5bj-oad, and
caiitnins 5,638 inhabitants, of whom
)( 3 '36 are ftaves.
Lancaster, a connty of Camden
dF'ftriift, 8. Carolhia, lying on Lynchers
er-eek, and Wateree river. It contains
# ,lo« inhabitants, of whom 4)<i84 are
v.vlidtC8, and 1^370 itaves.
LAN
■ Lancaster, Wtrtifsi 'ft a handfeme
and flourifhiflg pdft*town, the eapt.
tal of Lancafter county, Pennfylvania^
and the largeft inland town in tne Uni4
ted States. It is pteafantly iitnatcd up.
on the defeent of a hilt, a mile and a
half weft of Coneftoga cr^lc, which
falls into Sufooehannah river 9 mllea
S. by W. of the town. Its trade !s al-
ready great, and muft increaie in pro-
portion as the furrownding country po-
Kulates. It contains about 7 or 800
OYiles and about 5,000 people. The
legiflatnre is to meet here m future, till
a permanent feat of government ihkll be
eftabliOied. The public buildings ara
a handfome court- houfe of brick, a mar-
ket- houle of the fame materials, and a
lleong ftone gaol. Here are fix places
of worihip. for as many different per-
fuaiions, via. German Lutherans, Ger-
man Calvinifts, Preibyterians, Epifco.
fialians, Moravians, and Roman Cfatho.
Ics. The German Lutheran church is
a large brick building, having an organ;^
and a handfome fpire { the others are 0^
brick, and are neat and commodious
buildings. The only manufaAnres
here are carried on by individuala.
There are 3 breweries and a or 3 valu-
able tanneries. Franklin College is ef-
tablifhed here fbr the Germans. Its
endowments are neaily the fame a;
rhofe of Dickinfon college at Carlifle.
Its truftees confift of Lutherans, Calvin-
ifts, Prefbyterians, and Epifcopalians ;
of each an equal number. The princi-
pal is a Lutheran, and the vice-prefident
•A Calvinift. It is 58 miles as the new
turnpike road runs, W. by N. of Phi-
ladelphia, and %x from Reading. N.
lat. 4.0. 3. W. long. 76. zo.
Lancaster, a poft-town of S. Ca-
rolin.i, 36 miles from Camden, and 47
from Charlotte, N. Carolina.
Lancaster, a very pleafant poft.
town in Worctrter county, Maifachu-
fetts, the oldett in the county, having
been fettled in 1645, and incorporated
in 1653 It is fituated on a ^anch of
Nafliua river, which empties into the
Merrimack. It is 35 miles W. N. W.
o." Bofton, 4 miles W. of Bolton, and
14 N. by E. of Worcefter. The lands
of the townfliip of Lancafter, and thofe
of Sterling on the S. W. are part of
the traft called Najbawogg by the In-
dians. The pleafantnefs of this town
has invited many perfons of education
and
tJCM
tafteily partof Ltuicafter there U a ▼%.
luable* aoip^ap* Uiffihanftt^lf flate
pU, fwrniOHiiK ftatct for bo«iM, ^ •»*
ceUattAaoettorUHmbaandgravea. N«
ftetee equal to tbefie hav£ yet been dif-
covcied ia the United Statec. Thrfe
arc feat tQ Bofton, and exported to New-
York, Virnnia, &c. Two principal
bnuwhei <a Nafliua river, over which
are 9 large bridges, water this town,
and have on their baidce excellent inter-
vale land. Cumbery pond in tht: town
is obferved to rife as much as two feet,
juft before a ftorm } and Sandy pond
rifes ii4 a dry feafon.
Lancastir, a townlhip in Grafton
county, New.Hampflure, on the eaft
bank of Conne£licut river, about 4.1
miles above Hanover. It was incorpo-
rated in 1763. In 1775 it contained
61 inhabitants, and in i7->o— 161.
Lance Islbs, on the N. W. coaft
of N. Ameri68«Iieoffjpape Scott, which
is the fouthem point at the mouth of
Pintard's Sound, oppoflte to Point Dif-
appoimment. There is a narrow chan-
nel between the largeft ifle and the cape.
See PtHtantf Soutui.
Landaff, a townfhip in Grafton
county, New-Hampfliire. It was in-
corporated in 1774, and contains 19a
iohabitaitts.
Lan d*s Height, in North-America,
is the high ground on the chain of lakes
between Lake la Plue and Lake Superi-
or, where there is a portage of 7 miles.
It is So miles eaft of the grand portage
from the weft end of Lake Superior.
Langdon, a townlhip in Chefliire
county, New-Hampfliire, incorptorated
in 1787, and contains 244 inhs^bitants.
LANESBORQtJCH, a townfliip in
Berkfliire county, MaiTachufetts, N. b>
£. of Hancock, la miles N, by W. of
Lenox, and 144 W. by N. of Bofton.
It affords a quarry of good marble, and
contains »,i4t inhabitants,
Lansinpurgh, (tUy) in the town-
fliip of Troy, Renflalaer county, New-
York, is v<;ry pleafantly Ctuated on the
E. bank, of Huafon's river, oppofite one.
of the mouths of the Mohawk, and con-
tains about 200 dwelling-houfes, a brick
church, the joint property of the Dutch
and Preftiyterian congregation, a court-
houfe, gaol, and an academy, incorpo-
rated in 1796. Here is a library com-
pany which was incorporated, in >775'
it,}* ««W1(4oii#tiM|lpce.ftM#««ifi^
a plani a« th* imk^^ », Jbpl, te Oi^
one ftagt httwecn tbi» town — 1 tJlr, .
nyj nqw (»79*) » faiW di# |wf»(
and repafa betwcea ttw nekAibaqnMij
towns of La\nfoburgh, TnftWttmhi^
and Albanyi and the avorage mwnbec.
of paflenBcrBiaiaidtocxcc«a.isP>, U,
is 9 mik* north ^of Albwy, s viam.
Troy, 175 north of New-YoWi «|i4
»7o N. N. E. of Philadel^it,
Lapi$ Lmbuli, a fiiMiU vock finu
rounded with and abnoft covcreA bf
the fea on the coaft of Nova* Scotia., It
is about t miles from Monano lAaa^-
and (hews the paflafe into St. Ji4u'«t
river.
La Plate. See taragdiff^
Large RbcR lies on the S. bank oC
Ohio river, in the traft called Indiam*.
and nearly oppoGte the mouthof Mtt^'
kipgura river.
Large Island, one of the larfiA,
iflands on the Labrador coaft, due wdjki
of the mouth of Shecatica Bay.
Laricaxas, a province of La Fuik, .
and audience of Charcas, in Peru. It;
lies adjacent to the .territories of the ji|4».
rifdi£lionof La Pat, and totl^noi^
of that «ity, extending 118 leagues fcona,
E. to W. and aboitt 30 from N. toS.
It abounds in gold mines, the metal 0^
which is of fo fine a quality, that it*,
ftandard is %% carats and 3 grains.
Latacunga,. AffUnU <7* the fi|ft
jurifdiflioh to the fouthward of that. of
Q^ito, in Peru. The word ajJUiitKtuxa^,
phes a place Icfs than a town, but larger,
than a village. It ftands on a. wld^
plain, having on its eaft Tide the eaften^
coi-diilera ot the Andes,, from whidb,
projects a very high mountain ; and aft:
a fmall diftance from its foot is fitdatedly-
Latacunga, ia 55. 14. 304 S. lat. Or.
its W. fide is a river, which is fome^im^^
foidable, but generally pafled over, a,
bridge... . This afiiento is large aiid K'^
eular, the ftreets broad and ftraight, thi^
houfiis of ftone, arched, and well con*^
trived, one fioryhigh. Thispi;ecauti<^
the inhabitants were taught to obiervo,
by a dreadfitl deftru£lion of all thebmild*^
ings, on the aoth of June, 1699.. Oul*
of 600 ftone houfes, which the aiHenta
then contained, only a part of one, ait^
the Jefuit's church, weie left ftandlngy
an4 moftof thein)ub^tiint« wcrt hwJM
in
^ L AtJ
Mtlit nUhi. TiM fbnc of Whitii tlie
keurctrmd chnrdtct are built, n « kind
•f pMmke, or fpon^ ftone, cjcAsd
flom tvtcanoet { wbtfeh have ferfaicd in-
•khniftible qworriea in thb ncigliboiir-
kood. It Is (a liffhn that it will iWim
in thewatoTt and from its great DoroTityi
tht lime cements the dimrent pieces
very ftronriy together. Thii Jur!ftiiie>
tioncontams t? principal VilUges. The
air of the tflSeiito is coMer Irohi the
place beiM only i leagnes from the
mountiin of Cotopaxi i ^hleh as it is
not lelk in height or extent than thofe
' of Chimbortioand Cayniburd» fo like
them* it is coveicd with ice and fnow;
The villi^s are populous { fuchasare
ftatcd in the Tallies are hot, thofe in
the plains temperate, whilft thpfe which
horoer on the mountains, like that of
me afliento, are coM, and fometimes to
nn cmcffivc degree. The inhabitants
aVnount'to about is,ooo, chie% Spa-
niards and Meftixoei. Great quantities
of pork are falted here and fent to
^ito, Guayaquil, and Riobamha, being
highly valued for the peculiar flavour
given it in the pickling. The manufac-
tures are thofe of doth, bays, and tucu-
yos. The inhabitants of Pugili, and
flkquifili, are noted for making earth-
en ware, highly valued all over the
province of Quito. The day of which
they are mrae is of a lively i-ed, re-
markably fine, emitting a kind of fra-
grancy, and the workmanihipvery neat
and ingenious.
Lavrbl Mountain, a range of
nuuntains weftward of the Alleghany
ridffe, and a part of what Is called the
Alleghany Mountains. It extends finm
Pwmiylvania to N. Carolina, and gives
rife to feveral branches of the Ohio
river. The gr>at Kanhaway breaks
throtiffh the Laurel Ridge in its way to
the Ohio, in N. lat. 38. 30. W. long.
It. S9. In a fpur of this mountain,
about lat. 36. is a fpring of wattr,
50 teet deep, very cold, and, it is faid,
as blue as tndigo. The lands within a
fnnall difthnce of the Laurel Moimtain,
tnrough which the YoUghiogany runs,
are in nuiny places broken and ftoney,
but rich and wisll timbei-ed j and in fome
places, and particularly on Laurel
Creek, they are rocky and mountainous.
From the Laurel Mountain to Monon-
Ehela, the lirft 7 miles are good, level
ming lagds, with fine mesMows { the
LAW
thnbcf, white-oak, dwfinif, htelUnyi
tec.
LA^iLMVCMRivtrmiGiiir,5i, St;
Lawrence jii one of thft laifM rbcrs ill
N. Amcrifca; It iflliel fifm Lake pnta.
rioi formfaig the outlet of the kmfchahi
of grsat \ntii which fepatatte Upper-^
Cabada frbin the United Suics. Prom
Lake Ontario to Montreal it has the
namebf Irbqnbis} and taking a north-
eaftcoiirfe embofiilns the iflaifd of Mon.
treal } juft aboVe which it receivesOt-
tawas firohi the weftj and forms many
feltile iflands. From Montreal it af-
Aimes the name bf St. La^rrence^ and
continuing the fame courfe pafles hf
Qjiebeci ahd meets the tid^ iipwards of
400 miles from the fea, and is fo faf
navigable for large vcflels. Having re-
ceived in its courfe befides Ottawas.St.
John's, Seguina, Defpraii les j Trois Ri-
vieres, and innumerable other fmaller
ftreams, it falls into *he ocean at Cape
Rofieres, by a mouth about 9b milei
broad. In its courfe it forms a great
variety of bays, harbours and iflands^
many of them fruitftil and extremely
^eafant. See ^bec, Montftalt Sea
The main entrance into the gulf of Sti
Lawrence from the Atlantic ocean, is
on the eaftwatd between Cape Ray, thi
fuuth point of Newfoundland Ifland^
and the north cabe of Cape Breton }
the Gut of Canfo leads irto it from the
S. E. between Nova-^.otia ukI the S»
end of Ca^v jBretu. , and the Straits of
Bf llifle lead into it fiom the north be-
tween Newfoundland Ifland and th6
coaftof Labrador. It contains a num-
ber of iflands, viz. St. John*s> at its
ibuthem extremity, on the coaft of
New-Brunfwick and Nova-Scotia ; An&
ticofli, at the mouth of the St. Law-
rence ) befides a number of fmall iflands i
Lavrbns, a coimty in Ninety-Six
diftri£l, S. Carolina, lymg between Eno-
ree and Saluda rivers. It is about 31
miles long, and ai broad, and contains
8,si7 free inhabitants, and i,tsoillaveSi
Lavrbns Court- Heufe, in the abovd
county, is so miles from Bufh river, 3*
from Newbury court-houfe, and 40 from
Greenville.
Lawrbncb, Ftrtt is a little above
the crofling place of Tufcarawas, a
branch of Muikingum rlver«
Lawrbncb-Town, a thinly fettled
agricultural townihtp, a feV/ miles to th(<
caftward of Halifkx In Nova-Seotia^
LAtREAt
t E B
ntnt in the iilaad of St. E^mingpf tHir
t^ S^ifli t^pittU St. Domingo. It
ftnndi In the place where the ctfpttal wtK
flift VatinHed* on the eaft fide of the
OtivMf and about a quarter 6f • league
fitMD its confluence with the irabclia. It
can only be confidered at a dependency
dn St. DomingOt and contains 300 in-
habitants, all free negroes, forming a
cure. It was formed in lyaj* by iiS
run>a«ay French negroes who being
fent down to the bay of Ocoa to be
ihipped c(F, the Spaniards attacked the
efcort, and gave arms to the fugitives,
maintaining that they were free men.
Lawvnak-Hannock, a Moravian
fettlement nearly oppofite GuOigofliinlc,
on Alleehany river, end xb miles north-
caftofFort FrankKn.
Lazarus, Arciiftiagoof, St. See
De Fente.
LeacocK) a tdwnfhip in Lancafter
county, Pennfylvania.
Lbasbvrch, the chief town of Caf-
well county, N. Carulina. It contains
a court-houfe, gaol, ami a few houfes.
Lebanon, a townihip in York coun-
ty, Diflrift of Maine, fituated on the
eaft fide of Salmon Fall river, 100 miles
north of Bofton. It was incorporated
in 1767, and contains IS75 inhabitants.
A fpecies of ftone is found here which
jielus copperas and fulphiir.
Lbban ON, /Krav, a pleafant village in
New. York State, bordering onPittshVld,
Maflachu [etts, fituated partly in a vale,
and partly on the declivity of hills.
The medicinal fprings here are next in
.celebrity to thofe of Saratoea. The
pool it fituated on a commanding emi-
nence, overlookijig the valley, and fur-
h)unded with a few houfes which afford
tolerable accomodrtions to invalids.
' Lebanon, a townfiiip in Windham
county, Conneflicut, was fetiled in
1697. The foil is equal to almoft any
in the State, and the inhabitants are ge>
nerally farmers, many of whom are
Wealthy. The thick fettled part of the
town forms a very wide flreet, and the
houfes are at confiderable diflances from
'^^ch other. Academic education has
"been patronixed in this place for above
So years, greatly to the honoiiir of the
people. The river Shetncket is formed
ny the junction of AVillamantic and
'Mount Hope riverir which unite be-
tween thl» town, and Windham.. It lira.
finllN north of N«nrkb, and s« Aatll- ,
call'ofnartfbrd.
LifeAiiON, ft ttMvnlhlp in QnftM
cdunty, NewUftmpfhlit, finwind «■
Mufcomy river, and on the eaft fide of
the ConneAieut, a miles below tiit*,
mouth College. It was inedrportted ini
1 7<i< In 1 775 it e'^ntahlcd |4f iahab- i
itants, and ih i^^o— titb. ft la la
contemplation to. build a bridge ontikiil-
ncfticut river at the middle bar of ,iV-
gar*s falls in thU town, wttere the dif-
tance between the rock* is 1 10 feet, tt
is 35 miles above the bridge built by
Col. Hale at BelIows*s Falla at WaU
pole. See Mafcomy fond,
LEBANON, ^ pofl-town of Penn^l-
vania, fituated on the fouth fide of
Quitapahilla creek, in Dauphin county.
ABout a mile from the town is theSuf-
quehannah, and Schuylkdl canal, which
conneAs this creek with the Tulpe-
hocken, a branch of the SS:huylkil!.
Lebanon contains about 300'houfes n;.
gularlybuilt, many of which are ^ brick
and (tone \ a German Lutheran and a
Calvinift church. It is 1 5 miles E. by
N. of Harrifburg, 43 E. by S. of Car*
lifle, and 81 N. W. by W. of Pbila-
delphia.
Lee, a fmall town in StrafTord coun-
ty, New-Hampfhire, about ta mile*
north of Exeter. It was formerly part
of Dover and Durham, and was incor-
porated in 1766. In 1775 '^ contaiiie4
954 inhabitants, in 1790—1029.
Lee, /or/, was ere£led by the Ame-
ricans during the late war, on the well
bank of North river, having the traft
calltd the Englifh .Neighbourhood on
the north, and that callsd Ifleboken on
the fouthwaiti, in N. lat. 4o« 5^« and
about 9 miles above the town of Bergen.
The Americans had s,ooo men in gar-
rifon here in the late war, but evacuatec?
it in November, 1776, with the lofs of
their artillery and ftores.
Lee, a county of Virginia, lately tak-
en from RufTel, in the S. W . comer of
the State, bounded fouth by the State of
N. Carolina, and weft by jkentucky.
Lee, a townfhip in Berkfliire county,
Mafl'achuletts, $ miles foutherly of Len-
ox, 4 eaft of Stockbridge, and 140 weft
of Bofion; was incorporated in i777>
and contains 1,170 inhabitants. Houi's-
tonick river runs foutherly throOgh this
town.
LtfeDSj a town in the eaftem part of
Gknicefter
*H
ttti
wn M nw nnottui ot miuiicm tvtw»
■•A • nwt^wdteriy eCBrinatint lakt.
tttblk » vlllafi Of RitWMid Mu»>
tnjniiiiM, fitttnud flU the nortb b«)k
«nM|fikMNM)ek riirer 1 14 mikt $. bjr
1^ of rort Royal* 40 8. E. at Prads-
ukkftvffi nd 70 NtS. «f ttkhmond.
HtarldMoiewn.is a ftmous oourfr fer
b«HSNncing.
LtirOQOAi cm of the Friendly
Utoada, i« the South 8m. ItwatvUkcd
far Captab Cook in 1776, whoi conli-
mn "k, in bam refpoAt, Aiperior to An-
aotoafca. The iflaad it lituated near
Hapiwe, and it about 7 milct long and
jhraad*
LiiiBVRO. See y^fimrg*
LlBsavRO, a poft-town of Mary-
iandf S5 milct fron Frederickftown.
LtBtavao, a peft'towncf Viiginia,
and cafMtal of Loudon county. Itiafi<
tuated $ milea 8.W. of the, Pr'iwmac,
and 4, 8. of Goofe Creek» b branch
of that river on the great road leading
fipom Fhiladelpliia to the fouthward,
and on tile load leading from Alexan-
dria to Bath. It containa about fixty
hoofea» a court^houfc and gaol. It 11
ao milea from Sali(bunr> %* from Shep-
hen)ftown» so milea from Fnderlekf-
town in Marylandy 46 north-weft of
Alexandria, and 64 £. S. E. of Win-
chcfter.
Lbisiurd, or Lttfttwim, a fettle-
tnent in Kentucky* on the banka of Ken-
tucky river, ao milea from Lexington,
and about 30 from the Upper Blue
Lick. It waa dcftroycd by the Indiana
and abandoned. The country for ma-
ay milaa round ia fiift rate land. Great
fknty of marble ia found 'm the bwka
«f Kentucky, particularly at thia place.
Lbi*8 laLAUP, in Patowmac river,
in Fairfax co. Virf^iai about % milea
ibudi-eaftward of Thoro, which ia. on
the north 6de of Gooft Cndc.
LkbK, afinallifland of Fenafylvania,
bt Odawara river.
Lbbwarp IsLAMps. See W^rbh
Set,
MhU2H# or IteUw H river which
lalea in Northampton co. Fennfylvania,
atmtt at milea. eaift of Wyoming Falla,
in 8^f4|uehannah ri'/n* fund tarUtg a
<;incu)ar cou^e* jiaiBn^ thnavgh the
ilue M^Mmtalia, cmptiea into Qelar
ware river on the fouth fide of Eaftoni
BSauka N« E* tf BetUebcm, It nma
abtiit 75 ttiUi* wA It nwIgrtJa fl
Li Orami^, • eonftleraUt rivar o^
tha H*W. TairiMty, i^hkhriAi with,
in a fiiw milea of tha waft exwcintfyoff
Lake Erie, and purfolng a Mt m. \¥i.
courfir for nearly 100 milea, theoca turn-
hig to th»wcft, emptiea into Lake Mi-
chigan. It la about ace yarda wkla at.
ita confluence with the lake*
LBICB8TBII, a townfliip in Addifoiii
county, Vermont, fituated on the eaft
fide of Otter Creek, having 343 vAv^U
tanta. Great Trout Pond, or Lake, i.
partly in thia town, and partly in Salif-
Dury, on the north. Thia town waa
granted OA. ao, 1761.
LEiCBaTBB, called by the Indian na*
tivea Tnvfim/, ia a coniiiderable town in
Wbrceftcr CO. Maflachufctta, containing
1076 mbabitanta. It ia fituated upon the
poft.road from Bofton to Hartfora, New-
York and Philadelphia, i milea wcfterl]^
of Worcefter, and 54 W. by S. of Bol-
ton ) bounded N. by Paxton and S.
by. Oxford. It waa fettled in 1713,'
and incorporated in 1710 or i7ai«
There are three meeting-houfra here
forCongregationalifta, Anabapi fla, and
Qgakera} who live in harmony to-
gether. The £#ici^«r^caK/«MV waa in-
corporated in 1784* And ia well endoW'^
ed. Wool carda are mamifaAured here
to the annual amount of 1 5,000 paira.
Lbmimoton, a townflUp in Efl*ex
county, Vermont, on the weft bank of
ConncAicut river, mmI near the N. E.
comer of the State. The Great Mo-
nadnock Mountain ia in thia town» It
containa 31 inhabitanta.
Lb Maibb. See Mture^
LBMP8TBB, an inconfidenble town«
(hip in Chefter county, New-Hampt>
(hire. It waa incorporated in 1761.
In i|^75»it contained iaS,and in 1790,
414 iniMbitanta.
Lbnoib, a county of Newbem difl
triA, N. Carolina, furrounded by Glaf-
gow. Craven, Jonea, and Dauphm^ ft
contBina 14(4 free inhabitints^ and 957
flayea< Chi«F town, Kingfton.
Lbvox, the (hire town of Berkfhira
county, Maflacbufetttt It ia a pIcBfant
and torivhig town, and haa a court*
houfo and gad. Hou&tonick river
paflea throu^ the town. It liea eaft
of WalhiOgton, fouth (^ FittaficMi ty
milea fouth- wefterly of Chefter, and 145
mikf noKthefBoftiw*
Lbocanb*
Wo
•r Bite «f j:.M|Mie. »Ub Cul dt 8m of
LVtthme, at the w^ tpi of tike UUnd
of ft. Oipminge, U foiiiwd by two pe-
ninAilM. It opcm between Cape 8t.
Nicholas at the weft cml of the north
KninAila» artd Cape Dame Marie, the
. W. point of the fouth penin(bla, ▲$
league^ ittart. At the bottom Of the
bay we ttk illands Oonarei and on the
north fide of the (outh pehinAiU the
iflei Kefflf ai^d CayAiite. Itcmbofoint
ii vaft huihber of tine bays. The chief
bays, towns and poits frbm Cape St.
Nicholas round- to Cape Dame Marie
are La Plate Forme, or the Plr ^>rm,
Oonaives, St. Marc, Montrouis, Archa-
haye. Port au Prince, Lemane, Ooave,
MiragoaifC, Petit, Trou, Bay of Bara«
dairef, B&y of Durot, Jercmie, Cape
Dame Marie, &c. Trou Bordet, at the
head of which is Port au Prince, is at
the extremity of the Bay of Leogane
iaftward, 60 leagues eaft of Cape
Darhe Marie, and 51 S. E. of Cape St.
Nicholas.
Lbooanb, a fea-port towh in the
French part of the ifland df St. Domin.
^o, fituated on the N. fide of the neck
of the fbuth peninfulA in the bay or bite
of Leogane, at The head of a fmall bay
which lets up £. from tlie bay of Grand
Goave, 4. leagues N. E. of the town of
that name, 61 N. of Jackmel, 8 N. W.
of Cayes de Jacmel, 9 W. byS. of Port
au Prince, and 6| leagues S. E. of Petite
Gonave Ifland. N. lat. 18. 30. W.
long, from Paris 75.1. It is an aeree-
tblr, pleafant, and consmercial ^ace.
The exports from Jan. t, 1789, to Dec.
31, of tne fame year, were 895,871 lbs.
White fugar— 7,079,205lbs. brown fu-
gar— i,93a,95zlbs.coiFee— I39,887lb8.
cotton— and 4, 96olb8. indigo. The du-
ties on the ejtportation of the above,
16,103 dollars 70 cents.
LsbMtNSTER, apolt-towninWorcef.
ter county, Mafl^cnufetts, 7 miles N.
by W. Of tancafter, ao S. E. of Win-
chendon, 4.6 weftw&ni of Bofton, 19 N.
ef Worcefter, and io S. of Marl bo-
A>ugh', in New-Hampihire, has a piint-
ine-ofiice artd i'everal neat buildings.
This townihip was taken frbmLa-'cafter,
incorporated in 174^, aiwl Contains
1189 inhabitants. Oh the dilterent
ftreuns which piik tbtoUeh the town are
1 grift mills, 5 Ikw miUs, an oil mill,
and clothiers works, very excellent.
L 1 O t7|
AtwurMOiOOobtfcks are UHntlljr ntito
here. The nMaafiiftun of conbe la
alib ^arria^ on to n«t pcrCiAloii ani
profit. I«iMMIfr (KifV|«4)eWiig,cQa.
talna »f inhabltanti.
Lion, a rhrer which fidla Into tht
Gulf of Mexico frpn the N. W. at tht
biyofSt. Bernard.
Lion, iVinv, a popoloao kbmdom dl
New.gpain, in N. America, £ whkli
are fereral filver mhMt.
Lbon, a town of the pRnrlnct of
Panuco, in ^«f cxico. It has rich mincat
and lies to leagtiei N. of MechoaaiB»
and 55 N.W. of the city of Mexico.
Lion di Caracas, St. a city, tin
capital of the province of the Caracaa*
fituated On a river, about 6 leagvca 8.
from the coaft, enclofed bv mountaina*
The talley in which it ftands is a lavaa*
nah, well watered and very healthv,
about 3 leagues long and t brosui in ta*
middle, the onlv entrance into nvhich b
through a crooked and fteep road. The
city is near a milt longi the hoo^
handfome and well fumiiiMd} theftrceta
i-egiilar, ftraight and broad, cutting each
other at right angles, and terminating
in a magnificent fquare in the centre.
It contains about 4 or 5000 inhabitants |
moft of whom are owners of cocoa
plantations, which is or 13,000 negroea
cultivate in the rich vallies, which la
almoft the only cultivation they have.
Leon db Nicaragua, a town of
N. America in New-Spain, and in Uie
province of Nicaragua} the refidence
of a governor, and a bifliop^s fee. It
was taken by the buccaneers in 1685, in
fight of a Spanilh army who were 6 ito
I ; is feated at the foot of a mountain*
which is a volcano, and occafioni earth-
quakes. It confifts of about 1000
houfes, and'has feveral monafteries and
nunneries belonging to it. At one end
of the town is a lake which ebbs and
flows like the Tea. It is 30 miles from
the South Sea. N. lat. la. 35. W.
long. 88. 10.
Leonardstown, a poft.town of
Maryland, and the capital of St. Mary's
county, is fituated on the eaft fide of
Britton's Brook, juft whert it falls into
BrittonU Bay, 5 miles from its mouth
in the Patowmac, and contains about 50
houfes, a court-houfe, and gaol. It ia
113 miles fouth of Baltimore, 6x fouth
by eaft of UMcr-Mhrlborough, 39
fouth-eaft of Pert Tobfeco, and si 7
S ^ fouth*
MolriHiig to BdugaiavUli*! nccoiint of
Unm, «< MfVtwiqolwn, Mark mi
«Hl«tto. TMir IIb» «r« thick. iMir
lidirlrrnM, aiWI Smc !«»• « Und of
y^Ww wqolt tb«y «re fliMm liilfi ill-
madjtj wd Ip fmral dcf mirfd by tlw
Mft^j^, which occaflomd tN diTcovercr
l^qjiiimlk toeail U Uw l/lttfUpmt
nW ^nooitn wm recn^ but thejr wen
iltofethcr m dlOniftbtf m Uw nn.
They fo Mkcdf luudW covering their
^iit with « oMt/* They carnr thefa-
diiUriP on their backs in a kind of
lUrfi They wear omamcnte in tlicir
iMhrilft CM hivc nfr bcarde.
' tl Roach UMt ie nev F»lk.
bod's I0ands{ difeovered in 1637.
tit Cayis, a jurifdiaion on the 8.
fldc of the French part of the ifland of
|t, DomUigOi contains 4 pariflics and
j^ifJds ahundanoQ of Aigar, cotton, and
cojifec. Its exports from the town Lcs
^aves from Januacy > » 1 7 19> to Dec. 3 1 ,
OT the Amc year, were s,597,<)661b.white
^gari %4^ii6%9$o\h, brown fngar{
l,osSiCo4lb.coffee| 1 5 5,447 lb. cotton}
itfgiieslb. indigo { and fmall articles to
the value of ta56 livres. The value of
duties paid on the above on cxpoitation
101,51! dollars, S5 cents. The town
i/i Ctyett lies between the villages
Torbcck and Cavaillon, on the lai^
kay which fets tip to the ifland Avache }
limn which it it about 3 lettues diftant,
and i leagues northerly of r<riBt Aba-
tan* N. nt. 18. is. W. laog. firom
>Faris 76. f .
{.BTTBaKENNT, a townflup in
iTranklin cOunty, Pennfylvania.
' LbviUbtt, a towiifliipjn Hamp-
Ihire county, Maflachurett*, near Con-
aeQicut river, and 95 miles weft ot
Bofton. It was incorporated in 1774,
alad contahis ^14 inluibitants. A cop.
per Mine, has beeii found in this town>
ihip.
Lb vf, a point of land in the riVfr St.
Lawrence, oppolite to the city of <^e-
bee.
Lewis, a town in Eflcx county, 8.
W. cif Lcmington, adjoining, in Ver-
sJMBt it is about S miles ibuth of the
Cani^aiiiie.
Lewis Ck3B||u In Vermont, a fin^I
tieao) which fallfmLakc Chun]^
i
at r«rUkitfg» ftlitiitiwfth «C tkiJl^«lh
«rtktlcOtt«rChwk.
tiwu'a Pay. ^ f 4rtiglMlr Omw.
(y, llaikchnAita.
tf WMSVROf tat Xil^iMM'.
tlWiwviiOi a eowly ki Olilni*
burgh dllbMl. f. CaraUnt, ^
LtwittvaoN, anpft-taviiof N.Ca«
rolina. and capital or FraoKHi cauaty.
It ia ntvalBd onTar rivcri and cootaioa
bct^wcMi ao and to ko«fta» % couit-
houft and gaol. It U jo nUci N. «l
Raleiriw a 5 fl»utk of Warrmton* 56
fiwnTarborough, and 411 fiwnPhi.
hdelphia.
tiwiiiuiieR, a poA.io«m, and tha
chief town of Gncnbriar county, VIn
iniai lituatcd onthe N.'6dt ofOrscn*
riar river, contains about <o houtei
a coart"heule and gaol. It ia 850
miles W. 1^ N. of Rkhmonda and
4t«W. by 8. of Philadelphia. M.Ut.
3I. «.
Lbwisbvro, or Tat/hnmt a town
of NoTkhunberland countY, Pstinfrlva.
nfai ) fituated on the weft Ada of tlj^c
Suliiiaehannah, 7 niilc* abova Northum-
berland. It contains abaait 60 houlcsa
and is well fituated for carryhig on a
brUk trade with the N. W. part of the
State. It is 30 miles £. by N. of Aa-
ronfliurg.
L«wi STOWN, a plantation InLincobt
county, Diftriji of Maine* fituated on
the eail fide of Androfcogpn river, and
bounded S.W.bvBowdon. Lewiftown
and Gore ccntam 5U inkabitanta. It
is 36 miles N. B. of Portland.
Lbwistown, or Ltvw, a town in
Suflcx county, OcUwarCf is pleafantly
fituated on Lewes creek, } roUes above
its mouth In Delaware Bayi end aa far
W. by N. of tha light-houfe on Cape
Henlopeii. It contains a fhribytcrian
and Methodift church, and about 150
houfes, built chiefly on a ftitet which is
moi-e than three mues in IcMth, and ex-
tending along a creek, wMch ftparatea
the town from the pitch of the cape.
The fituatioo is high, and chmmands a
full profpca of thOight-houfe, and the
Tea. Tne court-hoole, and the gaol are
commodious buildings, and give an air
of importance to the town. The fitua.
tion (» this place muft at fiaae future;
time render it of conliderable imuer-
lance. Placed at the entrance of a bay,
which is crowded with vrflels frmn all
parti of the world, and tvhich is fre-
ijuently
tftft
WlMtf RhM| BMnW]r NVIM lO NflllifCi
■nd Mtura fttmi to »i|fii» tlw hf»-
tut tMt Mt inis i hw^our fcr fiippliig.
Tw doflckaey of ««Mr In tlw crmct
flMjr 4m chmpiv ind cafilv ftipplbil by
• raMll ouiw fi> M to »mpA • pdftfr
ftr tht w»icra of Rehoboth imo LtWM
crwcki which would tnfttre an ad«qaate
Aipply. Tht circuni|)Meiit country is
baratifollydifcrfifkd with hiilt, woedi,
Itmmi, and Ukct, fQnnbi| an acrcta*
ble contraft to tVc n^kcd fandr beach,
which terminatca in the cape | out it it
gmtij infeftfed with immctoet and
und-iiet. It carriea on a fmall trade
with Philadelphia in the produAioni of
the country. A mannfimure of niaj-ine
•ad riauber faitt, and magndia, hai
been latelv eftablilhed heiVt which It
manajpd by a eentleman flcilled In the
EraAieal knowledge of.chemiffry. It
1113 mUei foiith of Philadelphia. If .
lat. 3t. 6. W. kNitf. 75. it.
LlwiSTOWN, the cbieftownof Mif-
flin county* Pennfylvanla, fituated on
the northrrn Me or Juniatti river, on
the W. fide, and at the mouth of Gift.
icoqulKt creek 1 a fliort way weft of the
Long Narrows in Juniatta rivcTf and
about a 3 miiet north-cafterly of Hun-
tingdon. It it regularly laid out, and
containa about i«o dwelling-houfet, a
court- hduft and gaol. It waa incorpo-
rated in 1795, and it governed by two
buretflei, one high conftable, a town-
cleric, and two aflHlantt* It it 150
milet W. N. W. of Philadelphia. N.
lat. 40. 33. W. long. 77. S3.
LBWUNAKHANVf K, a town on the
Ohio, where Chrifttan Indiana lettled
under the care of the Moravian miffion-
ariet.
Lbxawacseih, a fmall river of
PennlVlvania, which rifet by fcveral
branonei in Northampton county, Penn-
fylvania, on the caft fide of Mount Ara-
rat { thefe unite about 10 milea from its
mouth in Delaware river. Itt couifc it
S. E. and eaft. It joint the Delaware
about 174 roilet above Philaddphia.
LixiHOTON, a Mft.town ot Virgi-
nia, arid capital of Rockbridge county.
It it fituated on the ii61i-road from Phi-
ladelphia to Kentucky, by way of the
wiklnerneft, and about a mile fouth of
the N. branch of Oartti'a river. It
cuntaint a court-houft, gaol, and abouw
Molkonfcf, Ths fittiatv9a of th« tdvnr
1&¥ «fs
ntaniiT ana Hioeainvi mm ioo coHpa
try miM bloW culiiVaNd* ftlir^
from PbitaMfMa, mi^ilhm W-
vUkinXentolky.
LixmoTON, • peft-iowft of lt«i.
tvcky, and fhntwrlytht mamnellidf
that State. It lafituatcd O0 ■ rtah M-
tcnfivc plain, fai Yuyiiua eduMy, M im
north fide of T««*b f «k» ■ IhuiU ini^
whieh flilla into tht leuth bnoch «f
Etkhem river* It la MIt on »i^C!*Mr
plan, and celitalna tlbont afo houMi n
plaaaa of public woHhip, a co«rt-ho«ft
■ad gaol. It containa a printhig-oAcaa^
which publifli a weekly g^tfctieai Im
levvrai mna or goooa wen moiva^^
and it a floorlAling, atiteabla phici^.
It it fituated in the midft of a fine trt^
of country, on the head watert if Ilk*
hem river, a4 milea caft of Pt, ktet»
and 774. 8.W. by W. of PhiHidelBU«.
Ita inhabitamt are flippoAd to amoui^
now (1 796) to aooo | among whom' arb
a number of very genteel nmiliet, af-
fbrdiiw vetv agreeably lociety. N. lat*
3t. tf 7W. long. $5, t. Near thit trwu
are found curiooa ftpukhret full of hvi>
man fltcletont. It hat been afirtcC
that a man in or near the town, having
dug 5 or 6 feet below the furfacrof tht
ground, came to large fiat ftonej iinddr
which wat a well of common depth,
regularly and artificially ftorted. m
the vicinity of Lexington are found tb^
remajnt oF two ancient ibrtificationa^
fumiihed with ditches and baftknii
overgrown with large trcet.
LlxiNOTOK, a county In Orangei^
bureh diftri£t, 8. Carolina.
LixiNGTON, formerly called the
Great FaUt, a fmall town of Georgia^
fituated on the fouth fide of Og(eeaM6
river, on a beautiful em^pence which
overlooks the falla of the rivn:. It It %
miles from Georgetown, and 30 fironji
Qreenftiorough.
Lbxinoton, a town in Middlefex
county, Maflkchufetts, 10 miles N. W.
of Bofton, having a neat Congregational
church, and a number of compa^ houfet.
It has been rendered iaraous by tbjft
battle fought in it, April 19, i775»
which may be confidereri as the. com-
mencement of the American revolution*
This towndiip coif tahit 941 inhabttantf^
and was incorporated ih 171s.
LBYD4H, a tOvmOiip in H^mpfirft^
county, M^flkdmicltll} bctWMtt CoKt«t&
$» and
anpto^tl^JlMraiiwnHiuid 117 N.W.
«|BcA«M. It «ru ioooneiaM in 17841
<|p^c«ntiuitf «l9 u|)h4l»itmt9.
LiZA»9, an Indian nation^ who in*
jbtaVit between the nnouth of the Ohio
mad Wahaih rinn. They c^ furnilh
|99warriera.
^ lifeuiTY, a Doft-townof Virginia,
.If IBiles from New- London, 35 from
Jf incaftle, 40 from Franklin caurt.houfe,
and 65 from Martinfturg.
liBsnT.Y'TQWN,avilIageofMary.
land, fituared in Frcduick county, 10
miks north-eaft of Frederi^kliown, and
'«bout 44 ^.N. W. of the Federal City.
Cupper mines have been found near
thic town, and have been wrrkedj but
to no great extent a« yet.
I,tCHT£NAu, a Moravian fcttkment
on the e^ft fide of Muflungum river,
t mih;c! below Gofcoachnienk } but at
rae. warriors pafled conltantly through
'diis place, it was forfaken, and they re-
moved to Saletti, 5 miles below Gna>
4enhiietten.
. Lick, a n»ne by which fait fprings
are called in the weftern parts of the,
United States. See Big Botu Uck.
Licking, a navigable river of Ken-
tucky, whicb rifes on the weftetn con-
fines of Virginia { interlocks with the
head wattrs of Kentucky river; runt
inaN.W. direction upw^M^s of 180
iniles, and by a mouth 150 yards wide
llowK through the fouth banik of Ohio
river, oppohtie fort Wafhington. Upon
this rivta* are iron-works, and numerous
ialt fprings. .Its principnl branch is
navigable nearly 70 mile* Prom Lime-
ftone to this river, the couui.^ is very
r}{:ti. -mA covered with cane, rye-grafs,
auKC ♦*.;i"-,» ^l clover.
l^o^y^s.Ay fortt lies on the road
fv:)?'? jr;,UtJ,leiphia to Pittiburg; a«6
j'^i'^i f">m the former, and 54 from the
laiU; . yt;.': i^ ;niles from the £. fidir »f
.'.a'-:*;! ««I1,
LiOVANBA, mountains in the tfland
of Jamaica. At the ioat of thefe in St.
Andrew's parifli, aboyt fix miles from
KingOon, is the moft magnificent bota-
nical garden in tho world. It was ef-
tabliflied in 1773, under the fan£lidn of
ikhe aflembly. The fortune of war hav-
ing thrown into Lord Rodney's hands
many rare, plants, he prefented to his
faroured ifland plants of the genuine
cinnamon, the ^lango, bread-fruit, and
elhtK arinbil i^uftionsi which an
now become common In the ifland.
^Col4 Sjr'tHg.
LiLLiB, I citadel at Cape Ann, in
the townfbip of Glouceftcr, Mafliu(h)i-
fetts. ^ '«
Lima, tl» middle diyiflionof Peru,
in South-; America. It has Q^itoon the
north, the mountains called the Andes
on the eaft, the awiience of Los Char-
cos on the foutb, and the Pacific ocean
on the weft. There arc many wild
bcafls in the audience.
Lima, the capital of Peru, in S. A-
merica, is alfo called Los Heyes, or the
City of Kings, and is the emporium of
this part of tne world. It was founded
by Don Franciico Pizarrp, on the iSth
of January, 1535} is fituatedin a large,
fpacioiiSf and fertile plain, called the
valley olRimac, on the fouthfide of the
river Rin;ac, which luns weftward.
The name of Lima being only a corrupt
pronunciation of the Indian^word, which
IS derived from an idol to which the In.,
dians and their Yncas ufed to facrific^.
This idol hieing fuppofed to return an-
fwers to the prayers offered to it, they
called it, by way of diAinAion, Rimac,
i. e. the fpeaker.
It is fo well watered by the river Ri-
mac, that the inhabitants command a
liream, each for his own ufe. The N.
fide of the town runs nearly dofe to the
river for the length of about 10 furlongs.
At about f of this fpace, from the weft,
em extent, an elegant ft<me bridge of 4
or 5 su-ches is built acroTs the river lead-
ing fouth, about aoo yards to the great
fquare, of which the tide is about 14.0
yards. The ftreet continues fouth
from the bridge, for near a mile, having
pai'allel ftreets, 8 to the weft, and 6 to
the eaft, befides other ftreets which ru^
obliquely fouth-eaftward. The fifteen
ftreets, running north and fouth, are
crofted by eight others running eaft and
weft, belides feveral to the louthward,
not parallel to the fomusr, and others in
the eaftcrn parts, which have different
direJlions. The figure of the town is
neaily quadrilateral. A diagonal line
running eaft and weft, would he 1 8 fuc^
longs in length ; and the fouthern p«-
pendicular, about 7 furlongs, and the
northern about 4 furlones \ fo that tho
city ftaods on a fpace ot ground nearly
equal to a mile and a quarter fquare.
1^ ti^ji^^them fide for about three guar-
'""" '' tcrs
1 1 M
tvn'nf M ntle-iieict tibe river< It hrtHiei
moMy hf rcdant ; the rrft of tlnr car-
edit U ineloftd with 34 hc^oiw baftiont
aiid; tbtir ihtecmediatc euMains. . The
whole is faced with a brick waU| nnd
lurrounded with a ditch, but has no co-
vered way, glacis, nor outworks. £tght
gatesf befides that at the bridgerftBmiih
a communication with the adjacent
countiy; The city ftands about 6 miiw
from Callae, which is the fea-poit to
|<ima,and 1 80 north weft of Gnamanga.
The white pet^le in Lima are eitimatcd
at about 1 5,000, and the whole number
of inhabitants are about 60,000. ' One
remarkable fa£l is fufBcient to demon*
ftrate the wealth of this citv. When
the viceroy, the Duke deia Palada, made
his eiitry into Lima, in i68s, the inha«
bitants, to do him honour, cauled the
ftreetsto be paved with ingots of fiiver,
amounting to 17 millions fttrrling. All
travellers fpeak with amazement of the
decorations of the chiu'ches with gold,
fiiver, and precious ftones, which load
and omannent even the walls. The
only thing that could jiiftify thefe ac-
counts, is the immente riches and cxten>
five commerce of the inhabitants. The
merchants of Lima ma^ be fakl to acal
with all the quarters of the world ; and
that both on their own account, and as
h&on f^r others. Here all the pro-
duflionsof the fouthern provinces are
conveyed, in oitltr to be exchanged at
the harbour of Lima, for fuch articles as
the iii^abitant^i of Peru ftand in need of.
The fictt from Europe and the Baft. In-
dies land at the fame harbour ; and the
commodities of Afia, Europe, and
America, are there battered for each
other. But all the wealth of the inhabi-
tants, all the beauty of the fituation, and
the fertility of the climate of Lima, are
infufficient to compenlate for the dii'ai-
ter which threatens, and has Ibmetimes
a£lually befallen them. Earthquakes are
very frequent.
Since the year 1 58*, there have hap.
pened about fifteen concuflions, befides
that on the i8th of Oftober, 1746, at
half an hour after 10 at night, five liours
and three quarters before the full of the
moon { which began with fuch violence,
that in little more than three minutes,
the greateft part, if not all the buildings,
great and finall, in the whole city, were
deftroyed; burying under their ruins
thofe inhabitants who had not made Aif*
fidenlliiftf ittbiAe'irtiit Md %«HM^
tht only MdMble jOmt if M«Vfm
liMft terriMe teilvaHMVfoi^Mtllftw ilv
length tlw dmiM! dMki «f ite i^
fliockceafiid, but tl» tnunwifVtfmmiii
Hunt dtirathm i takcvXknwni^nSi^ tl^
repeatedly, ihattbc inllaUtpHti* atCflUNb^
ing to the account Ant of itb nunfvUtt
»oo HI the firft^ i^r'lmuwf Md to ih»
»4th of February, thwi fialkMriny yMli;
1 747, when the murattivf wot dMed, 'tm
lets than 450 fcidts wcfte obiclh^ed^t,
fbme cf which, if lefs pcmMccnt, WMte
eqaal to the firtt ui .violence. TV
ibrt I f Calhw, at the very iinne iMoMW^p
tumbled into ruins. Bnt what it ftiflitw
ed from the-earthonake in its bniUUnga*
was inconfiderable, when c«n»aNi'
with the terrible cataftropbe nfeiittlolipv
lowed. For the fea, as is ufiial dn :A«li;
occafrans, reeedine to « odnfideraUe
diftance, ittumed in newmindaa
waves, foaming with thr vfailtec* of '
the agitation, andfaddenlyovefwMm-
ed Callao and the neigfabooriag tonn*
try. This was not, hmvever , peffarai.
ed by the firft fsMlUpg of the wmtm *
For the fea retiring further* rctonMd >
with ftill greater inipetuofityt At jN*
pendeua water covetfing korlitlie««U»
and other boildisss cl tbc pkct} ib
that whatever had efcuwd the &rft»
was now totally ovcrwhtimed by diofe
terrible moomains of waves f and no-
thing remained, except a piece of the
wall of the fott df Santa Cirus, as a me-
mwial of this terrible devafbtvm. Heift
wrere then &) fliips and veffels, great
and fmall, ui the harbour, of vMdt 19
were funk, and the other four^ among
which was a frigate called St. Frmiiia
carried by the force of the wavc'> to a
confiderahle diftahce up the iovntry*
See CaUao, This tcrnble inondatioa
extended to other partt of the conft»
as Cavailos and Guanape; the towst
of Chancay, Guaura, and the valliit
Delia Baranco, Sape, and Pativiica, un-
derwent the fame fate as the city of
Lima. According to an account fentto
Lima after this accident, a vokauo in
Lucanos hurft forth the fame night, and
eje^ed fuch quantities of water, that
the whole country vras overflown | and
in the mountain near Patas, called Con-
verftones de Caxamarquilla, three other
volcanoes burtt, diicnarging firightfol
torrents of water} and in the Sum
manner at tim of Qaiguayaffi). Xamt
S3 X
ff«
%tn
mtafmimimSif. The inhtbittan
Hi ffCKjPt dMNMidbid I mmI iIib moniu
•MkaiNMy «f fllMB tlMWtaW glWt nOBk'
Vrty IM; no msic tllmSt» twa the nft
«f the MMetaBtt* If aiqr one tappiBif
la«mliliMak» ke Je ia diagv of bit
lifek fiir tli^ «l«rsjre carry ifigen C9n>
4MeBk '<s<ifpe»'Meordiii§[ to icveni ob*
IffHHil i iM Hi e i a fcr tlwt pirMfe, ftand*
kiht* IS* •• st.'fir. end itekng. it 75.
5«. W. The ivariitia* «f the needle is
f» *» }•. eeierljr.
I4MM« • vUlafB ia die N. W. part
e^lheiliand of St. Doani^, 7 leagvct
wdl by foutb of Cape Francoia.
LUMKicK* a townfliip in York co.
MMBe* fituatcd near tbe cenflaeace of
LiltieOffper river vrith Sace» and op.
ndfite Gflrbam in Ctunberfamd county.
Itoaa i b cnrparated m t7S7, containa
4iil iababitaBts« and ia x i4iBilea ncrth-
^hrofSoftoD.
LMBaiCKi • taiwnflitp in Mmtgo-
laary coun^t Fcnnfylviaia.
LiMBtTONB CagBX* in Tcnneflce*
H the north>ekikni branch -of Nolu-
chachy river. It rife* sa milea ibatb of
Leng-Ifland in HoMkn river.
XjMBtroMB, a poll toiwa in Ken-
tackyr fituaMd on the foiith fide of
Qhbi river* aad oa tbe weft fide of the
mouth «f a finall creek of its name.
It ftanda oa a hifty and uacven bank,
aad, is Bot ftm fnaa tbe river aatil one
iavrithia a miles of it. This is tbe ufual
landing-place for people cembigdown
in boats, «bo mean to ftttle in Me ap.
per parts of the State) and here tne
cbanpaign country oa the caftem fide
ot the river begins. It la 4.'mHrs north.
taA of the town of Wafhington, 43
ioDth^weft of Fort Wafhington, 44
S* W. by S. of Bourbontown, and 500
miles behiw Pittfturg. N. lat. 3!. 40.
W. long. S4. 17.
LiMr NADB, a village on the north
fide ot th^ French part of the illand of
St. Domingo, 4 leagues fouth-wcft of
Fort Jbauphine, and 7^ meafurine in a
ibraight line fouth-ciift: of Cape Fran>
cois. N. lat. 19. 37.
■ i.iM COLN, a large maritime county of
the Diftrift of Maine ) bounded north
by Canada, (buth by the ocean, eaft by
Hancoch county, and weft by that (tf
Cutnbirlandt Its fisa.coaftextaida from
that part of Venobfeot Bay ojppdtec to
Dicr UioA mtttmAt t» Cift ImaU
XXN
Paint aNdKranl. ft ia soe siika kaf
aad 54 bioad, aad conipaehends 40
towna and plantations t bat there ai«
large trada yet uaftttled, Tbtpopahu
tioa atoBoaata to a9,96a free nemns.
The fta-xoaft of tbe caonliea w Ctmi.
berfaad and Lfaleola is 100 aiUea in ex.
tent, nealbredr, m a llraight liae^ but is
fiiid m be above aoo by tbe coarA of
the waters. It abounds with faie and
conuBodioas harboani and the whole
flmre is eovered by a line of iilands,
anmq; which vcftaa may generally m.
chor in fhftty. There .are ia thefe
counties nuuiy large rivera, fonc of
them nav^ble hr op the country)
and ahhoi^h navigation for large tef.
61s is interrupted by Mis, wMn £ir
up the rivers, yet idiove the fallt,
there is plenty of water foe boats, near.
Iv to the ieoree of the rivers ) mi by
the lakes and ponds and branches of the
rivers, there is a water communication,
with few interruptions, from the weft,
em to the eaftem bounds, aCrofs the
country, above the ceatrc of It. By this
route itt proi]u£lton8 may, at a fmall
expenfe, be tranfuortcd to tbe different
fea.poits. The hipreme judicial court
helu in Lincoln county, has civil and
criminal lurifdiAion in caufta arifing in
Hancock and Waftiington eounties.
Chief towns, Pownalbwough, Halle,
well and Waldoborough.
Lincoln, a c. unty of hforgan dif.
tria, North-Carolina bounded N. E.
by Iradell, N. W. by Burke, weft by
Rviherford, and eaft by Cabarraa. It
contains 9Ba4 inhabitants, ofwhom 935
are (laves. Here are mineral fprings
and minea of iron. A furnace and ibrge
have been ereftcd, which carry on the
manufafiorc'ofpig, harir(Hi,<{e. ChieJf
town, Lincobtown.
Lincoln, a county of Kentucky,
bounded N. by Mercer, N. W. by
Waftiington, N. Sr by Maddilba, and
S. by Logan. By the cenAis of 1790,
it coqtaiiMd 6548 inhabitants^ of whom
1094 were ilavcs. The road from
pnnville on Kentucky river pafles thro*
it Ibuth.wcfteriv, and over Cumberland
mountain to Virginia.
Lincoln, a town in Mercer county,
Kentucky, (ituated on the eaft fide of
Dick's rtvi'r, oa the toad from Danville
to Virginia. It ftanda la miles fouth<^
eaft of Danville, an''. 11 north- weft of
Crab>Or<hard.
Linco;.k«
Lit
biwcobi^ B iownni|i n viuiui
corn* Mc«r-HaiiqrfUi«> iMMIilponttd
jki sT^i MMmi >s ranUMiiitt*
Ltlie6i.li, t towMiip in tin iloidi-
cmpwtof AddUbncootrtjr, Vermont/
sranud Moif* 7> '7*^*
lt»ciAt.iik a toinaiuttlii MUdfeftk
jeountjTf M^PMiiiiictti» uMonioniMi In
>754. It coiltalm 740 failiaUtttiti, ttd
it il nilM north-weft 6f ikMon.
LiNCdbM> a new «•. df Otor|^,
lakloutin 17961 from WUkce eo. oii
Savannah river, between Broad and lit-
^rivcrt.
LnlcoLNTOWN, apoft-tcwm of N.
Candina, andci^tidot Lincoln county.
|t conti^ ahottt lo honfta, a court«
houft, and gaol. It is f6 miles from
Mbrgantown, icofrom Salem, and 7kS
ifouth by weft of rhibddt^ia.
LiNDLtr, a viUife on the weft fide
of the Canawiifaue bnmch of Tioga riv-
er, hi New-YoHc, % mllea nolth of the
iPennfyivania IhM, t 8.W. by S. of the
Painted Poft, 64. fouth-caft of Kairtford,
on the toad to NiMara.
LlHM, a townftip ht Northampton
coonty, PeiOiiyivania.
LiNMBLiNOPiES. See titlutuutrft.
LtSBOit, a town In New-Ltttidon
county, ComtcAtcttt, htely a part cnf
Norwich, about 7 miles northerly of
Norwich. It contains % Mrilhes, each
having a congregational Church. It lies
on the weft flde of Qoinebaug river, and
eaft of Franklin.
Lisbon, a village of York county,
Penniyivania, fnuated near the fouth
fide of Yellow Breeches creek, which
falls into the Sufi^uehannah. It con^tns
libout 15 houfbs, and lies 18 miles from
York.
LiTCUPiELD, a townfliip in Luicoln
county, DiftriA of Maine, 4.5 miles from
Hallowell, and sio N. E. ot Bofton.
LiTCMPiBLO, a townfliip In HilKbo-
rough county. New- Hampfliire, (Ituat-
ed on the eaft fide of Merrimack river,
about 50 miles wefterly of Portfmouth.
it was fettled in 1749, and in 177 j it
contained 284, and in 1790, 357 inha.
bitants.
LtTCHFlBLD, a popoulous and hilly
county of CoimeCtiCttt ) bounded north
hv tife State of MaftiMhufetts, fouth by
New.Haven and PairK<dd counties, eaft
by Hartfoid, and weft by the State of
New-York. It is divided into io*town- ,
ftiipi, CdiitBl&iiig 3t,755 inhabitanti, in-
lit
tff
iddhtodra^f-flaMi. tmmi0\
of t^cfttffitiy btMtti ^TfMiii
ous. ThcfbaiafiMiUe,yUMiii
crops 01 wheat and iBdhai oM|ia.ah^
Mbng fine paftiti^. tt ii JVpkMiid i
tlre^r ft«m ttatttine MnMnere* ip
the inhabitants are iUneft t^mm^
Lttcnfit.t9iiht ehtef MWtt «l ^
above cdumy, flinated nun an cleiMtf
pbin, and much eBpofed to the t^
whids of winter, but eidoys allb i kn|e
ihare of the rtfttfliing biieftea «f A^.
mar. It is a handi^iie fitiiaUon, «|i>
tabling about 60 or 70 dweUing-ho^»
a court-faoufe and meilintf-heule. Ir k
p miles weft of lUrttbhl, and4aN.N.
w. of New^Haven. M^ lat.Ai' ntfi»
W. lonff. 7). 37. In the S. W. oof-
aer of the townlhip ftands an hirii hw
called Mount Tom, Ol) fevenafplD
ftreams, fome of whieh ftU intoOraif
Pot^, are 3 iroti works, an oil initt aiM
a number of faw tlkt grift inills.
LittUtitLti, a tOwiiftiip u tlerkc-
iher cotuMy, New-York taken from
Cermah Flats, ana incorporated ii^
tiTiis, of LetUiit, a village or town
in Lancafter county, Penafylvada, fitu-
ated in Warwick townfliip, on the lbutl|
fide of a fmail ftream, wMch fends it*
waters through Concftoga creek itt0
the SufaUehannah. It contains aiMj|f
50 houws chiefly of ftbnt, a ftoof ta-
vern, and an elegant churcb with a tiee-
ple and bell. The fettlement was be-
Min in f 757> it is inhabited by tho
United Brethren, whofe mode of lite and
Cuftoms are fimilar ta thofe of Betltle-
hem. There is alfo a good farm and
ieveral mill works belongins to the
place. The nitmber of inhabitants^ in-
cluding thofe that belont; to Litis c«n-
gregation, living On their farms in ths
neighbourhood, amounted, in 178;, to
upwards of 300. tt is 8 miles north
of Lancafter, and 66 W. by N. of Phi'^
ladtflpliia.
LitttEEcr. Har-bOvr, a portal
entry on the enft coirt of New-Jerlejr,
comprehending all the fhores, bays atid
creeks from Barnegai Inkt to Brigantine
Inlet, both inclufive. The town of
Tucktrtott is the port of entry for this
diftViA. See l£gg.
Little W^GOMqyiNS, Indians who
inhabit near the Three |Uversr and eaa
raife about 100 warfiori.
S 4 LXTTLI*
:*'
h I T
letK^ppOki^ of MuM» hav-
MfTTIff ttitAiH, a to«rnlbip in
XiaiiciAtr tfoantyi Fennfylvanta. . AUb
abpofSip ii; Cheftcr coiunty, in the
''XtTTCiICoMrtON, a town(hipi>
Sewpoitcmmtyt Rhode-Kbadi boancl.
1 1*, by TivfrtaiA } S^ by the Atlantic
<D<;dUii| w|)ett are Sotoonnet rock*} W.
by n# f^ i«Qi'B* in^ Mount Hope
lliiy i and E. by tlie State of Maflfachu-
Mttk. It contiuM IS4S inhabitantsi of
iwhoin %% are flayes. It was called Se-
^r«MMl or £r4m«M> by the Indians, and
U Cud Ui be the bed cultivated townfliip
in the 8tatt» and affords greater quan.
titles of meat, bntter, cheeft, vegetables,
lUrc. than any other town of its fiie.
*t1)e inhabitanta are very induftrioiis,
mi manufefture finen and tow doth,
fiannali, fee. of an excellent quality, and
in coofiderable quantities for fale.
LiTtLB FOfi*^ In the N. W. Ter-
ritory, ftands on the fouth-weftern bank
taf Lake Michigan, and on the fouth fide
ittf Old Fort river, which mnh a north-
•aftemcourfe into th^ lake. See Cbi
tMO.
" LitTLB Harbovr. See Pafcata-
OHM, It is near the mbuth of Paicata-
mx river, about a mile from Pbrtf-
JMath, in Mew.HampOiire. A lettle-
ncM was attempted nere in 1 613.
iLlTTLB MBCAtlNA. Stc MtcettMa.
LiTTLB Pblican, See Ftlicem.
liTTLB RiVBR, in Georgia, is a
beautiful and rapid' river, and at its cdn-
Buence with Savannah river, is about 50
yards wide. On a branch of Little river
Is the town of Wri^htfl)orough. Alfo
a liver which (eparates, in part, N. and
S. Carolina.
LiTTTLB RiVBB, a plantation in
Uneoln county, Diftri6l ot Maine, con-
tuning 64 inhabitants.
' LiTTtB Ro^KS, on the N.W. bank
of H'inbia river, are fitiiated 60 miles
from the Forks, %jo from the Mifflfippi
river, and 43 S. W. of Fox river. The
S.W. end of thefe rocks Itek nearly op-
pofite to thcf mouth of Vermilion river,
and the two ' fittall ponds where the
French and Indians have made good
lalt, lie oppofite to the N.E^end. A coal
mine halt a mile long extends along the
bank of the river above thefe rocks.
> I.ITTLB, 60DVS, a finaU harbour of
% P C
Lake Ontario, about ij ndlMlb^tlitgi^
of Ofwego. :'\'
LitTi.BTON, a towni^tip in MU^
fex county, Maj^hufetts,. yt, naaliss N.
W,.of llofton. • ,' .; ' j,. Vr-iv
LiTTL&VoN, a towmflitpi If Giifini
cotisty* llewliampflur^, j^apiMftof Ap.
thorpc) waa incorporated >n>t7l4* ^^
contains $< Inhabitants^ ItliefonCon-
ne£licttt river, bdbw '1^ 15 naiki Falls,
and nearl^y oppo$te Concord in yeiv
liidnt. ' , ' ." , ' " ■' : V
LiTTLBTONi a townfliip in Caledonia
county, Vermont, on ihe W. fide of
Conne^icut river, oppofite the 15 mile
Falls, and conttuns 63 ioha.bitants.
LiTTLBTON, a to^Niifhip 0^ MalEi-
chuletts, in Middlefexco. if mile* ^* v *
ofBofton. itwasineorporatetlin 1713,
and contains 554 inhabitants.
LiTTtETPM, Fort, in Penn^lva<
nia, IS »7 milies E. of B^dford/ty S.W^
by Vf. of CarlUle, and' 34 t^l. by % of
Fort FVede'rick, in ^Vafluhgton county^
Maryland. '•'.■■■. i
LivaRMORB, a u^ntation in Cumi
berland county, Diftri^t, of Maine, IT-
tuated on Androfcoggin river, 19 loiles
N.W.ofHallowdll.
LiVBRPOoi., a town on the §. iideof
the Bay o^ FiifKly, in Queeii's county^
Noval Scotia, ' fettled liyNcw-England.'
ers. Roflighol, a confiderable lalu, lies
betwteh this'totvn and Annapolis. It is
31 miles N. £. of Shelbume, and 58.
N. W. of Halifax, tt was formerly
called Porl /ii^j^i^.
Livf NOSTON, a townfliip in Colum-
bia county, New- York, fituated on thb
eaft bank of'Hudfon's river,' 4 miles
northerly of Palatine town, 11 fouth of
Hudfon, and 9 (outh-eaR of Claveiack,
It contains 4594 inhabitants } of whoth
659 are eIe£lors, and «33<flaves.
Livingston's Crtekt a confidei-able
branch of North- Weft, an arm of Cape
Fear river. This creek heads in vaft
Iwamps in the vicinity of the beautiful
lake Waukama.
LoBOS, iflands on the coaft of Bra-
zil. Tne fouthernmoft ifland is in S.
ladtude 6. 27.' One of thefe iflands
obtains the name of Lebns de la nur ^
the other, which lies to the north of it,
and very like it in fitape and 'Appearance,
is called £0^0/ d» titrra,
Locke, a military townfliip in New-
York State, adjoining to Milton on the
caft, fituated iu Onoooago county. The
centre
I Con-
F*U«,
fnm «f lilt totm it m niU«|iH. B.; of
lll^«.«ndofCayf^kkt. SwJiif^.
LpCKAKT«BW»«» ttQwnil IB Lttsernc
couBtjr, PcDnMY«nitk iUaalcd on an
•fthnNM formed bjr toe conAience of
the SuTqachamBh u4 "^'^J^ nivert* a-
lKWtfti^U«jp)Kiv«t)i(^rJM9Rion. 't'lkre
jire M yet few hiodk^ bwiit> but it pro.
fniiStf tq b(; a ptscc af irapmtance» at
tK>tb tliexivfin arc naviKa^te for many
raika into the State of New^ York. It
i* 4 mile* (bath of the New- York line,
nearly 49 wcfterly of Harmony* and 90
above Wilkfliarre.
LOOAN, t new county in the State of
Kentucky.
' LoosTOWK, on the weftem fide of
the Ohio, He* ibuth of Butler's Town,
and 1 1 miles from Pittfl>urg.
Logwood Country, lies N. W.
of the Mofauito Shore, at the head of
^he Bay of Honduras, and extends from
Vera Paz tq Yucatan from 15^ to
i8| N. lat. The whole coaft is over-
fpread with iflott, keys and Iboals, and
the navigation is intricate.
XoMOON, a town in Aim Arundel
^o^nty, MaryUnd, 5 mies S. W. of
Annapolis.
London Covk, a narrow water of
pmg-Iiland Sound, which lets up north
^nto the townfliip of New-London, 4
miles weft of the mouth of Thames
river. Millftone Point ieparates it from
Another much broader on the weft,
^crofs which is a handfome bridge,
with a draw at Aope Ferry.
' Londonderry* a poft-town in
Rockingham county^ New>Hamp(hire,
Atuated near the head of Beaver river,
which emptiM into Merrimack river,
it Pawtucket Falls. It is 38 miles S. W.
by W. of Portfmouth. Londonderry
was fettled, in 17T8, and ineorporated
I7»s, and contains %s^o inhabitants,
"^he people are mol|iy the delcetidants
of emigrants from it, came chiefly from
Ulfter county in Ireland, or originally
from Scotland, and attend largely to the
manufa£lure of linen cloth and thread,
and make confiderable quantities for
iale. The town is much indebted to
fbem for its wealth and conl'equence.
' Londonderry, a townfliip in Ha-
lifax co'imty, Noya-Scotia, Htuated on
(he N.. fide of Cbhequid or Colchefter
river, about 30 miles'favm its mouth, at
the bafin of Mtnas. It was fettled by
the Nortk Irilh and Scotch.
tffen
l4UiD0«Di»Ri(^«inMii1|b avfldit
nsrtli.wcAenwMft of Windtatt cmtal
Vermont, on ^hmdmmm^Htm/
river*. about ss mUca N^ ^Sieii Jfiiiiw
ttiimton4 It waa gnwied Mfairik •«i»
J7f ot Mooft Mrdiataiit estenda ini*
the catem part of thit tcNfi%j. « ,
I«0lll»O|IOIRibW the IMB* ol two
towtilltips ill Pca«^lvauia, the <Me li
Chatter cottutj» tito oeb«' in tint "^
Daophine.
LoNDOHOROVB, Rtownlhipio Daa^
phine connty, Peanlylvania. '
Long Bajf, ejrtenda aloi^ the Ihom
of N. and 6. Carolina* fropi Cape Fear
to the mouth of Pedee river.
Long Bsy* on the fouth ikle of tha
ifland of Jamaica* extends from Gutt
to Swift river, and aSbrda anchorage
for fmall vcflels. '■ ^
Long Bajt in the ifland of Barb«-
does, in the' Wfft-Indies, Kea on the
weft fide of the ifland, having St. Jo.*
feph's river fouthreatterly, and. Pico
Teneriflfe north- weftorly. Anodier bqr
of the fame name lies on the fouth end
of the ifland, about a miles eafterly of
the ibuth point.
Lo N u IfloKdt in Pcnobfcot bay. Sac
Iflejhorvugb,
Long, or Eighteen r.4kBiacbfoa the
coaft of New- Jerfey, lies between Littie
Egg harbpur inlet and tliat of Bamegat.
Long Jflatui, formerly called Mm^
hattaut afterwards Najjim IJaml, be>
iongs to the State of New-Vork. It
extends firom Hudfon's river oppofite to
Stat enr Ifland, almoft to the weftem
bounds of the coaft of Rhode-Iflandy
terminating with Montauk Point. Ita
length is about 144 miles, ami its me-
dium breadth not above 10 miles { and
feparated from Conne£ticut by Long*
Illand Sound. It contains i,40olc|uare
miles { and is divided into 3 counties*
Ktng^s, Queen's and Suffolk, and thefe
again into 1 9 townfliipr. The N. fide
of the ifland is rough and hilly. A
fingle range of tliefe hills extends frcmi
Jamaica to Southhold. The Ibil is here
well calculated for raifing grain, hay,
and fruit. The Ibuth fide ot the ifland
lies low, with a iiebt famiy Ibil. On the
iea-coaft are extenfive traas of i'alt niea»
dow, which extend from Southampton to^
the weft end of the ifland. The foil,
notwithftanding, is well adapted to the
culture of gram, paiticiilarly Indian
corn. Nea^ the middie of the ifland is
Hampftead
I^OrM
jk1^4« MilMldftK, alii ibeut^ faMnd.
MHaniKcnwuii CMit t psitieiiiMrKWi
•TwiMfMft* M« ««NHInb«* iMmmIi
iftoMlliMuk, Mii toijppNnnc* liA.
It producw hem iyci awl luft herd*
^^•tlde M*fM tipM Hi at«NUMon
ll%Ak atrflMt.' 0»tiMBiiMit«fth«
ilMdiS. of HMipM Pkkk, it a l«v«
bwnn heath, called BniOiy Plain i Itu
xfV^JiMM*|i»witli ftfttb«oaii> Hitcftnuted
^h a few jpint trecti where a number
^WilddeeivaadgroufthariKMir. The
hq^ft. river* orftream in the iAand i«
MuuNiok, «i inconfiderable ftream. It
mna E. wad emptiM mto a large bav,
dial ftparatea southkold from South.
•mpCon. Tn tbta- Imv are Robbin'anrI
Shelter iflanda. Rpckonkama pond lies
abent the centre of the iAandt between
SnHth.Town and Iflip, and it about a
mile ill circumference, and hat been
fciind(4i]r oblcrvation, to rife gradually
for federal yeari, ' bntil it had arrived to
• cerMin might, and then to fall more
rnpidly to iti loweft bed; and thus is
continually ebbing and ilowinet The
qrafe hu never b^n invrfligated. Two
miles to the fouthward of the pond, is a
^rcam called ConneAicut river, which
empties into the bay. The produce of
ths middle and weftem parts of the
yiand it carried to New. York. The
iflalld eoMaiiied, in 1790,41,711 ihha-
bitant»» of whom 4,839 were fla<«'es.
< LOMO^fsLAND Sound it a kind of
inbnd Tea, from 3I0 15 milet broad,
ami about 140 milet long, extending
the whole K«gth of the iiland, and div^
4ling it from Connecticut. It communi.
catrt with tlie ocean at both eiidt of
LoiKg'Ifland; am! affords a vety &fe
and Convenient inlaitd navigation..
LoNO.ISLAMD, an ifland in Sufque.
banrnkh river.
LoiiG.laLAtt»,. in Holfton river, in
the State of Tennrfl<;e, is 3 miles long.
Numbers of boats are built here every
year, and loaded with the produce of
the Statv (of New- Orleans. Long.
Ifland is to milea W. of the mouth of
\¥ataogo river, 43 from Abii^on, 100
above Knoxville, 183 from NaAiville,
and 1000 from the mouth of the Ten-
Acflee. It is 340 mUes S. W. by W.
of RiclmioRd, in Virginia, and to which
tkere it a soed waggon roiid.
Long Iu.b, or IJIt KH/rr JneRtntfi
L0«
inlubiloiitia, •rlWMM ilMlk ^Wk
iww tvciirly till* ilw Hvtr WAdk.
Tha miMth of WMMrftrtr ii M N» lat.
)t. s<* W. )m^ ••* y.
LoMo L Afti> in tfti <kiic(Ae duntiy
in New. York. Set JMlrnvMir JUI#.-
I,«NS>MftA»0Wi atBWir hi Hamp.
flitec county, MaflMn^tte* fituaied on
thelB. ^nk of CanneAicat river, about
4 milet S. of Springfield> and a3 H. of
Hartfeid. It vras incorpoirMed in t7t) }
contains a Coogregaticnial chnreh, and
about 70 dwellingOioufei, whicli He np.
on one wide ftreet, rtmning paralfet
with the river. The townfllip contslint
744 inhabitants. It is 97 miles 8. W^
by W. of Bofton.
Long Point, a peniniVila on the N.
Hde of Lake Eric, and towandt theeaft.
em end of the lake. It it compoftd of
land, and it veiy convenient to haul
boats out of the fiirf upon, when the
lake is too rough for rowing or fiiiling.
FermUan Point ^ between Puan Bay and
Lake Michigan, it alfo called Long
Point in fome maps.
LoNc PONR, in thcDiftriftof Maine,
lies mt>(tiy in Bridgton, and it 10 milel
long fi om N. W. to S. E. and abmit a
mile broad. On each fide of thit pond
are large fweils of excellent land, with
a gradual delcent to the mar|;in of the
pond, and fumifli a variety of rgmantlp
profpcjls. Sec Bridgton and Sebt^o,
LoNOViLLB, or as the Indians call
it, Kenafaeomaqutt, an Indian village
on the N. bank of Eel river, in the N.
W. Territory. It wa4 deftroyed by
Gen. Scott in 1791, with too acres of
cum in its neighbourhood.
Lookout, Cape, on the coaft of N.
Carolina, is the fouthern point of a long
infulated and nairow flip of land* eaft-
ward of Core Sound. Its N. point forms
the S. fide of Ocrecock inlet, which leads
into Pamlico Sound. It lies N. £. of
Cape Fear, and S. of Cape Hatteras, in
about latitude 34. 50. It had an ex-
cellent harbour, which has betn filled
up with'fand fince tVt year 1777.
Lookout, Cape, on the fouthem
coaft of Hudibn^s Bay, in New Soiitl^
Wales, E. S. E.of the mouth of Severn
river. N. lat. 56. W. Ions. 84.
LooSA Chitto. See Lou/a Chitto.
LOREMBEc. See Lwijtourg, It it
a cape neaithe N. fide ofLouUboUrg
harbour, and may be fceA la leagues off
at Tea.
Lorenzo,
10 9
t. kt, e.»o. W. Jong. Id. tt^
LVftiTTO^ a iM&vtUaM«fClurir.
tin' laditMi ) ktguu N* ». of Qjic-
hatt inCMMMl*. It bu its name from
• clwpel buik Mcantiag to tin model ot
^ ftanu Cafii at Lontt** in Italy {
from whmce an image nF the Hoijr
Viiyin baa been fent to the cenTcrtt
iMre, (eAmbling that in the foment
Italian faUAuaij. Theft coaventa are
^ the Huron tniie.
LoatTTo, £a^ 0f, a plnce in the
diftriA of St. Dennia, on the ifthmua ot
CalifiMrnia ; the Indians call it Caneho.
Here ie a fmall fort ereQed by the mif-
fionirius, confifting ot four baftiont, and
iiu-roundied by a detp ditch.
LoROMiB's Stori, in the territory
. K. W. of the Ohio, a place wefterly
from Fort Lawrence, and at or near a
fork of a branch of the Greet Miami
tiver which fall* into the Ohio. At
thia fpot, bounded W. by the Indian
Uncy the Indians ceded a traA tf land
to the United States, 6 miles iijuare, by
the treaty <^cd Augiift 3, 1 79 5. Here
the pwtagc commences between the
Miami of the Ohio, and St. Mary*s ri-
ver, which runs into Lake~ Erie.
Los Reyes. See Lima,
Lot Reyes, the chief town of the
province of Vragua, in the £. divificn
of Paraguay, inS. America.
Los Charcos, a provinee in the
fouthirA divifioa of Peru, whole chief
cities are Potofi and Poroo.
Loudon, Fortt a fort erefted in the
countnr of the CtMsrokees. See TeUico
Bhck.Houfe.
LovDON, a courity of Virginia, on
the river Potowmac, adjoining Fairfax,
Berkley, and Faquier counties. It is
about 50 miles long, and xo broad, and
fontains 18,961 inhabitants, including
^iO)o flaves. Chief town, Lecfturgh.
LounoN, a townfliip in Roekingnann
eounqp, New-Hampfliire, taken from
Cutejrbuiy townfliip ami incorporated
in *773- It i< fi'uated on the £. fide of
Merrimack river, 40 miles from Portl-
nouth, and contains 10X4 inhabitants.
LOVDoN, a towiifltip in BerkOiire
county, MaiTachufttts, ai miles S. £.
of Lmox, «4 W. of Springfield, and
ita4 W. of Bofton. It was incorpotat-
<d in 16731 and cbntaina 344 inhabit-
LOt7 i^
^^a,f4»aitpawi y.^ ^-w,
Lovon^iK, «r lt tk d m ^ >%flm ^
MCwnasnt in Oaanta^ mi a jMMini vjf
Savannah liwr, aboM lit «Miiairi(i|
with tht TWido, the ^^ m AfhnM JIt^
Lovilf ni^t a fettMnank' wmcd Iv
the French near th« mMlll of tka Mvir
Coaa* in Florida, about a* iMMWtll.
E. of tbt Mcareft mouth of the MlflBlp>>
pi, and imttl the peaoa of t7^» Wi%
the ^al refidence of the priac^Nil g».
vemor of Louifiana.
Lovia^ St. the capital town of Gun- ,
daloupe, Grand-Terrc. It haaafcrw
trefs 3 leagues to the S. B. oif the Salt
river. See Ouadahuft. >
Louts BE Maranham, St.ntewii
On the northern coaft of Bratil* and on
the Atlantic ocean,.fituated on thit call
iide of Meiirim. river { about ImIF wav
betiween point Moeoripe, and the momm
of the river Para.
Lours, St. a jurifdiaion Imd towH
on the fouth ftde«f the ifland of Sc'DHn.
mingo. The juriidiftion coMalflri )
parishes. Its exports dtipped fitim tho
town of St. Louis from Jan. 1, 1789
to Dec. 31, of the fame year, wcrt
110,665 lb. coffee; 19,153 lb. cotton|
5,751 lb. iikiigo. Total value dfdutica
on exportation, 904 dollars 13 cents.
St. Louis is rather a borough than a
town. It is fttuated on the head of th<t
bay of its name^ oppofite a number Of
fmall iiks which (Iielter the bay on tba
fouth towards the ocean, and on theS.
fide of the ibuth peninfula, 8 leaguea
N. £. of Lts Cayes, a little more than
3 S. W. of Aquin, and §6 leagues S.
W. by W. of Port an Prince t from
which laft are two roads leading to it j
the one bv Ja^mel, the other by Leo-
gane, and of much the fame leiigtli {
both join at Aquin. N. lat. 18. 18.
W. long, from Paris 75. 5a.
Louis, St. a I'tr-all, compact, beattti.
ful hay in W. Florida, having about 7
feet water. It'is 18 miles from the Re-
golets, and 16 from the bay of Biknti.
The land near it is of a light foil, and
gooti for pallure. There were feverah
fcttlers formerly on it, but in the year
1767, the Cha£law Indians killed their
cattle and obliged them to remove.'
Louis, St. a Spanifh village on the:
W. fide of the river Miffifippi, about i }.
miles below the mouth of tne Miffirari.
Its fciie is on a high piece of ground,
the
0H LOU
f^ WWitlnillhy ud ptMfiiraUe of njr
iMfMi ia thi» part of th* eouatrv.
" * 'Mnifll conimanduit and the
indiaa iraden rtfidtf who,
MMcUialing the iffieaiMs of the m-
j«9» hmre dr««m aU the Indian trade
drtkMM««ri| put of that of the Mif.
lUnpi (northwardi) and of the tribea of
lauMM itfiding near the QuUconfing,
and iHinoii livcra, to this village. A>
bout to yean ago there were here ixo
Ivm and commodioue houlci» moftly
hmt of ftoiie, and too tnh:ibitant»,
ahicfly French* Some of them have
kad a liheral education, and were polite
mm! bsiTptta.ble. They had about 150
Mgroei, and large ftocke of cattle« &c.
It la 4 or 5 mi!e« N. by W. of Caho-
ltia» ofi tlie eaft fide of the Miflifippii
aod about 1 50 mile* W. by S. of Poft
St. Vincent*t, on Wabalh river. N. lat.
S|. a4. W. long. 9». 3».
Louisa, a county of Virginia, ad-
Mmna Orange, Albemarle, Fl'ivanna,
^pottwlvania, and Goochland counties.
It ia aooot 35 miles long* and ao broad,
ml contains t,467 inliabitants, in-
cluding 4»^7S flaves. Tiiere are here
fone BMOicinal fpringa, on the head
waters of South Anna, a branch of
Y«rk river) but they are little fre-
quented.
LoiiN A, a river of Virginia, the head
ymmx of Cole river, a S. W. branch dt
dK Great Kan|i«way.
louaA CHiTto, or Ltofa ChitUt a
nvcr which riies on the borders of S.
Carolina* snd runs a S. wcfterly courle
through the Georgia weftem lands, and
jmns the Miflifippi juft below tlie WaU
not Hilts, and 10 miles from Stoney ri-
ver. It is 30 yards wide at its mouth,
but afker you enter it, is from 30 to 40
yards, and is (aid to he navigable for
<anoea 30 or 40 leagues. It is 39J:
miles below the Yazoo cliffs.
Lovis,90VRO| the capiul of Sydney,
or Cape Breton ifland, in North- Ameri-
ca. Its harbour is one of the fineft in
that country, being almoft 4 leagues in
circuit, and 6 or 7 fathoms wat^r in
every part of it. The anchorage or
mooring, is good, and (hips may run a-
groutid without any danger. Pls en
trance isnot above sootoiliesin breadth,
formed by two fmall iflands, and is
known la leagues o(F at lea, by Cape
Lorembec, (itvated near the N. E. (ido
of it. Here is plenty of cod, and the
toxy
dOimr HMiy bo oaWlmMd ftmn Apr! t«
the doje of November. The barbodi
i» mora than half a mile In Hra|jdrh»
from N. W. to S. E. in the narrowcft
part ii and 6 miles in lnigth,from M j E^
to S. W. In the N. E. part^of the har:
hour is a fine careening wharf to heave
down, and very fecurc from all wrinds t
On the oppofite fide are the filhing
fta^cst and room for aeoo boats to cure
their (Uli. In winter the harbour is en-
tirely firoaen up, fo as to be walked over,
which feafoB begins here at the clofe of
November, and lafta till Mw or Junei
Ibmetimes the frofts fet in (eoner, and
are more intenie ) as particularly in
1745, when by the middle of 0£lober a
great part of the harhouf was already
troaen. The town of Loui(bourg (lands
on a point of land, on the S. E. fide of
the ifland ) its itreeta are nirular and
broad, confiftin^ for the moft part of
ftone houies, with a large parade at a lit-
tle dittancc from »he citadel ) the infide
of which is a line fquare, near soofeet\
every way. On its I T. fide, while pof-
fefled by the French, ft jod the govemor'a
houfeand the church ; the other fidea
were taken up with Inrracks, bomb
proof} in which the French fecured
their women and children during the
fiege. The town is near half a mile in
length, and s in circuit. The principal
trade of Loui(bourg is the cod fi(beiy,
from which vaft profits accrue to the in-
habitants ) the plenty of fi(h being re-
.narkable, and at the fame time better
than any about Newfoundland. See
Breton Cape, N. latitude 45. 54. wc^
longitude 59. 55.
LovisBVROH, in Pennfylvania. See
Harrijburg.
LovisiADB, I.4mdoft difcovered and
named by Bougainville in 1769, is pro-
bably a chain of iflands, forming a Ibuth.
eaftem continuation of New-Guinea.
The coaft feen by the Dutch Ceehumk
Yacht in 1705, is a fmall diftance north
of Louifiade. v
Louisiana, a Spanilh province of
North -America, bounded £. by the
Mi(rifippi, S. by the gulpli of Mexico,
W. by New-Mexico, and N. by unde-
fined boundaries. Both fides of the Mif-
ilfipi were under the French government
till the peace of 176a; when the eaft.
em fide was cedfd to the king of Great.
Britain \ and the day before the preli.
minarics of peace were figncd, |iis Chnf-
tian
ocur*
isenw
I over,
ofe or
June I
and
See
X6U
48m| M4^ cc<M lb Spain ill bit iter'
riMriet to the twetwaMI of the Miflillp-
|4f togctlkrwitli tli«to«ni of NewOr-
IMM ) wttli « (lipulation that the French
laws and ufuagrt fliouid not be altercfii
thia precantion, howevtfi prored after-
wnroa of no avail.
Louiiiana i« intericAed bir a inim>
ber of fine riven, among which are St.
Francia, the Natchitochea, the Adajret,
or Mexicano river, thcMilT «uri, Reu^e,
Noir, and many others which are de-
icribcd imder their refpeAive names.
The greater part of the white inhabi-
tants are Roman Catholics. They are
governed by a viceroy from Spain.
The nuniber of inhabitants is unknown.
The quantity of good land on the Mif-
fifippi and its branrhes» from the bay of
Mexico to Ohio river, a diftance of
nearly looo miles, is very great} but
that in the neighbourhood of the Natch-
ex, and of the river Yazoo, is the flower
of it all. There have been fcmne plan-
tations of fugar- canes } but it is not a
crop to be depended upon, as the froft
has fometiraes been too poweiful for
that plant. The cliicf articles of ex-
portation are indigo, cotton, rice, beans,
myrtle, wax, and lumber.
The climate is faid to be favourable
for health and to the culture of fruits of
various khids, and particularly for gar-
den vegetables. Iron and lead mines
and fait fprings, it is aflerted, are found
in fuch plenty as to afFoixi an abundant
fupply of thefe neceflary articles. The
banks of the Miflifippi, for many leagues
in extent, commencmg about »o miles
above the mouth of Ohio, are a conti-
nued chain of lime-ftone. A fine traft
of high, rich, level land, S.W. W. and
N.W. of New- My rid, about zj miles
wide, extends quite to the river St.
Francis.
While the United States were engag-
ed in the revolution war againft Eng-
land, the Spaniards attacked and poflen-
fd themfelves of all the EngliAi pofts
and fettlements on the Miflinppi, from
the Ibberville up to the Yazoo river, in-
cluding the Natchez country; and by
virtue of this conaueft have iince peo-
pled 'and governed an extent three He-
frees north of the United States' Iboth
oundary, claiming tkeexelufive navi-
Ktion of the other. This bufinefs has
en anucably iettlfd bv the treaty of
LOd ill
' The fXitififtir «i tiMeli tit iot
^oairtry of Ldliffliht ii itoiic^ mm
Mt difcovMvd by FtrdilwM da SoiL
iAi$4i. Monfieurdtla8a»BwatHS
Itrft who traverfci) it* He,, in tM jmt
i6ts, having pa/fed doini f theanMli
of the MiiRiippi, and funrtycd tlie«iyik
^cent coantry, Jttumel to GaaMai httk
whence he took paflhge to FnnM^
From the iatteri% accounts wKkh kt
gave of the country^ Mid tlie MUfi*
ouent advantages that would accniefiiMi
Irttling a colony in thoft partSf LoUa
XIV. was induced to eftabliftaconipft.
ny for the parpofe. ' AccoTiiingly, i
auadron of four veflels, amply jn«^1«
with men and provifions, under tf
command of Monnear de la Salle, cm*
barked with an intention to fettle Mar
the mouth of the Miflifippi. But he «w»
intentionally failed a hundred leagaes a»
the wertwara of it, where he atteawpled
to eftablifli a colony j but, through the
unfavourablenefs of the climate, nioftof
his men miferably periflied, and he MoK
fclf was villainoufly nmirdered, not km^
after, by two of his own men. Moa«
fieur Ibberville fucceeded him in Ma
laMdable attempts. He, after two Cae»
ccisful voyages, died while prepariai;
for a third. Crezat fiiccceoed hmi|
and, in t7i«, the king gave him Louifi-
ana. This grant contmucd but a iiofC
time after the death of Louis XIV*^ la
1763, Louiftana was ceded to the king
of Spain, to whom it now belongs.
The following is Melford*s accoaai
of the Spanifti length in the Fkjridas
and Louiiiana, in 1790 1
Provincial levies and troops at St.
AugulUne, and on St. John's river, 400
The garrifon at St. Mark*Sf loa
do. at Penfacola, 350
do. Mobile and Tombigbee, 159
do. at the Natchez, aoo
do. Red river, W. of Miilifippif 100
do. in the Illinois country, 300
i«o^
men, called the Orleans or Louifiaaa
regiment. The number of Americaar
families that have been Spanifii fubjeAa
flnce 1783, amoimt to 1710, viz.
At Teolau, near Mobile Bay, ^
On Tombigbee river, ijc^
At the Nauhec, on the ^ISi^ppi, 1500
•yae>
All
m LOW
^ikftMMi bthi* dttlrlAt urm- f
LUC
«f !• tht vM^py of Mni^
•MMrtvlaf CM iofiiitAf at hMa^nft, U
ii Iw iMM^pii bjr the ComnKwdam,
MMWVto «j.r<i' wnt.
L«i«i»T#t»ii» fall Talbot countVrMa.
rylMfl, Mat M tha waC fide of Tucka>
liaa cwakt about » milaa north of King'a
To«m» and 7 or I nortb-«aft of EsAon.
I*OVM«IL&K. a port of cntnr, and
p ot tawm dF Kxntuckyf and chiaf of
MMan oannty, pltarantly fituatad on
UitanA fide of the Ohio, on nn elevated
|lain»itttbeKa|Hda, nearlv oppofite Port
iKwnf* It oominaada a delight Ail pro.
i|«Aof the river aad the adjaeeae cotin.
a^ and pramiAa to be a place of great
trade} but ite unhealthinela, bwiog to
iagWBt'nl outere back of the town* hat
oemderably retankd it# growth. It
oenflfta of 3 principal ftreets, and con-
tMna al»ut too houfes, a court- heufe and
pol.. It U 3f naiUs from Bairdftown,
S4 fiMmOanville, and 40 W. of Frank-
tet. SiocMk.
LouiavitLB, (lie prefenr feat of
Mvemmcnt of Georgia, fituated in
SnrlKioeMMy* in the lower dtftri^l of
ahoState^on thcN. £. bank of the Great
Q g eceb aerteer, 70 mike from ite mouth.
It hna been lately lakl out, and contain*
allat»'houie, a tobacco warehoufe, and
about 30 dwelHng'houfta. Large quan-
titieedt tobacco are infpeftcd here, and
boated down to Savannah* The con-
vention for the revifal of the conftitution
fat inthia town in May, 1795, and ap-
pointed the records to be removed, and
^ legiflature to meet here in future t a
eoUege,' with ample and liberal endow.
MBente, ie inMtuted here. It is 51 miles
9. E. of Augufta, and 100 N. W. of
oatvannah*
I.OVB-C0VE, X fine opening to the
evelNvard of Whale Cove, in New North
Walee. .
homiiVa'Povv, in NewHampfliire,
Kca attbe hrad of the eaftehi branch of
Mmon FaK river.
LowexAllo way's Cr^rft, atown-
fltfp in Salem county. New- Jecfqr.
XowER DvBLiN,atown(hipinPhi-
ludrlpbiii eouaty, Pennlylvaata.
Lowtk MiLPORD, a townihip in
Bwk*9 county, Peqorylvania*
Lowtft
Maolla»i
XoWfR
oalcm ceunM^ liiw«Jency»
MuyMU !• MUM Awn An.
aad taftodiOalvart Mvt.4kovA.
It Pmif a Mki, • toariAtn in
tofwiAtpiii
lowiji^ AV jTovMiifai the ^iri.
.01 tl
ipparaaoai
i.Ji
toty N. W. of the OhU», Ue kbmllea be-
loivRipparaaoeenak, atkaoMotli in
Wabal* river.
lowHtfcL, a lownMp ioNwtluua».
ton cownty, PennQrlvaain.
LoxA, a town of (^ito in Pern, at
the head of a N. W. branchof Amaaon
river, a 1 5 aiiilea aoith-aaft of Paita, and
north-wefterly of Boija. It is the capi-
ul of a luriidiAion of the fame name,
and lies in tet. 5. 10. 8. loi^. 77. 10.
W. Befidea a churches, it baa leveral
religious foundations; as. a college in.
llituted by the Jefuitp, an hofpitalfwltb
14 vilhwea in its diftria.
The jurifiliftieo of the fiune name
produces the famous fpaeifie ferintcr-
miitent fevers, called Caicafillade Logo
Qiiinquina, or Jefuit^a bark. Of it thcre^
at« feveral kinds, but one more eftea^
cious than the others. Here alfi> they
are employed in breeding cocbineaf.
The inhabitants of Loja, called alio
Lcjanus, do not exceed 10,000 fouls,
though formerly he more nnraereus.
Large droves of homed cattle and
mules are bred here. Carpets ai« aKb
manufaAured here of mnaykabk fine«
neA.
LoYAUOtK Cfiti, lit Northunber.
land county, Pennlylvania, empties in*
to the W. fide of the branch orSt^ue-
bannah river, liom the north-eaft, a kw
mikts E. of Lycomlnip Creek, a6 from
Sunbury, meafuring ui a ftraighk line,
and about 170 from PhifaNlelphia. The
lands from this to Sunbury are among
the highett and of the beft quality, and
in the heaithieft fituatibn in the State.
It is navigable ao or 30 miles up for
batteaux of 10 tons.
Luc AN A a. a jurifdiAion in the di»-
cefe of Guamann, in Peru. I^ bwins
about *$ or 30 kigUM S. W. of Gua.«
manga. Ite temperature ia cold and
moderate. It abounds with cattle, grain
and fruit { and has alio filver nunes }
and is the centre of a very large com*
merce.
LvcAR, FttU, St. liea on the norA-
eaA cooirof Btxail; about half inray W*
iweentbecity of ScMxand Rio Qnuide.
LvcAX, Caps St, or Lufar. Th«
8* £•
tvcAYA»oMortbeB«hMM VUMh
tbout 70 Incua taft of Uw cetft at
floridkwylftfrQm BaluuiMi Iflc. It
U )M>«ut 9 loguw loQs and t broad*
tnd gives uune to tke Wftolc cangc. N.
bt., 17. a7> W. long. ?>• J>
tuCAYONtq^fik another of tht Ba-
hama ifl««a which Un about 9 leagues
further eaft than the Curmeri wnoft
length it »S k^piee and breadth 3* and
Uea north and fouth.
Lueg4« a harbour oo'the north iide
oftheidandof Jamaieai (ituatcd in Ha-
nover parifhi between Great Cove and
MoAjutto Cove. It >• land locked and
haa excellent anchorages 15 or 16 milca
oorth-eaftward of l^cgril.
LuciAi St. a r^vcr ot Eaft-FIorida,
rone fouth-eafterly along the eaft fide
of the ptniofula,^ and communicatct
inhwd with Indianrivcr. It has 6 feet
water as far aa the TortoUi, where are
hilly koowls. ,A bisncb joint it from
theibuth.
LvciA, St. called by the French*
Sainte Aloufie, from ka having been dif-
covered on St. Lucia's Day j one of the
Caribbee Iflandtt S leagues Couth of Mar-
tinico, and »i N. W. of B>arbadoes. It
is ahout s7 miles long from north to
(btttht and is broad. Here are ftvcral
hvUst t of which bcine very round and
fteep»aK called the Pins* heads of St.
Lucy, and were volcanoes. At the foot
of them are fine vallies> having a good
foil, aud well watered . In thele are tall
trees, with the timber of wliich the
•lanters of Martinico and Baibadoes
build their hoofta and wind-mills.
Hereis alia (denty of cocoa and fufttc.
The air is reckoned healthy, the hills
not beiag £0 high as to intercept the
trade-winJs, whtch always fan it from
the eaft, by which means the ht-at of the
climate is moderated aud rendecoi
agi'eeable.
In St, Lucia are leveral commodious
ba<ys and harbours witii good anchor-
age* particularly the Little Careena|re,
one of the principal inducements tor
the French to pcetei it 10 the other
neutral iflands. This port haa leveral
noted adv-antagv.^ i there is eveiy where
deptli enough, and the quality of the
bHltom '^ aisriJaiU filature ba^ f«!na*
cdtfMitihni caramki pltcMb ipiUq^
d« MC wtttt « k^, aAd^^tOmoplte
but teapAtni la turn the (ttd thtm
sramML Thii!t|lkipfafttelii|fta^bM
Rt thcrt Oidttreo from KonrktMaa v^fa
outihetroihlfqlhaiMinoand. Hfii
bcMta of thacouBfja wUeh havt )mm
kept a Log time m this jiair|pir» hpvf
never been eaten by the laaiifi^ h&mm
ever, thcv do not expcft that iBf pdv**^
tags will hift, whattvcr he iiht o^.
For the other harbaura» tht wi«da •«•
always good to go out v^h« and th»
largeft fquadron might bt in tha oflpg
in lefs than an hour. There are 9 pv
riftifa in the iftaad, S to th* kiraai.
and only one to the windward. Tha^
preference given to one pan of the iflaad
more tha»aDother,does not preeeed feom
the fuperiority of the foil. But fircrn H^
greater or led coaTenieacyinftndiiwout
or receiving ftiipa. A high rMd la-
made round the idand, ai^ two-othcii
which crofa it from eaft to weft, aibrdii
all manner of ftcilities to carry the coa<-^
roodities of the plantations to the bar*
cadcrea, or hmdmg places.
In January 1769, the free iahabitaata.
of the tfland amounted to &,5a^f tho
(laves to 10*170. It hod m cattle cog
mules and hor&s* 1,8 la home^ beafat
ands,37S flierp* its plantations were
i,279»6So phuts of cocoa-— 2,46 3,tSgi
of coftee-~68x fquares of cotton--am|
SS4 of fugar canes } there were 16 fu»
gar- works going on, and iS nearly com*
pteted. Its proiduce yielded iis*oool.
which by improvement might be in-
creafed to 500,000. The Eiwlifli
firft fettled in this iflandin 1617. I^om
this time they met with various misfor-
tunes from the natives and French} and
at length it was agreed on between tho
tatter aud the Engliih, that this iflanda
together with Dominica and St. Vin-
cent, Otould remain neutral. But the
French, before the war of 1756 broke
out, began to fettk thefe Ulands, which
by the treaty of peace were yielded up
to Great Britain, and this iflaifd V>
Prance. The Britifli made thenifelvea
mafters of it in 1758 ; but it was reftor-
ed again to the French in X7&3 } and re-
taken by the Britifti. in 1794. St. Lu-
cia had 900 of its inhabitants deftroye«i,
by an earthquake, O^, i», 4788. It ia,
6 3 miles N. W. of Barbadoes. N. |a|^ ,.
14. W. long. ()i.
LxjtOLOw* a towsflUp in Haay^Hrt
county»
^MMlnMittchafttis* ANtUii>rdiiniMri
w^ liuiH aorthottlltrlv of nringlifld)
n^ yb wiflcfl^ of Bofton. It wii In-
^ivporattd In 17I4, and tontiina ^60
Mabitanu.
Ivvtow, i io#iittri|l on Slack Hvti^,
Windfor counrjr, Vennont. It contaim
170 inhabitant*^ and U about «o or la
milca W.M Wcithcrtfkia, on Connte.
cieittrtvnr.
LvB, tr; the 4ihlcf towit of the cap.
tatnfhip of Petaguei, in the northern ai-
vifion of BraiiL
''IvKMt St. a pariA in Beanfort d!f>
tMtfS. Carolina.
L0MBBRTOII, a poft-town of N. Ca-
Mrfhia* and capital of Robefon county,
itmtcd on Drowning creek, 3 s miles
feoth of niyettevUle, and 93 S. by W.
dTKalcigh.
I.VNINBVROH, acountvof Vir^nia^
ndfoining Nottaway, Brunlwick»Meck-
lenburgn, and Charlotte countiee. It
' l» about 30 milee long, and 10 broad,
and contains 1919 inhabitants, indud*
ing433s ikves.
luNSMBvao, a townfliip in Eflex
County, in Vermont ) fituated on Con-
■cAicut rirer, S.W. of Guildhall, and
N.E. of Concord. The river takes a
S.B. courfe alone thefe towns, fepara-
ting them from Lancafter, Dalton, and
Littleton, in the State of New.Hamp-
Aire. The Upper Bar of the Fir
ie«n Mile Falls is oppoHte this town.
The Cat Bow, >» bend of the ConneAi-
cut, is near the middle of the town.
The Upper Bar lies in lat. 44. ai. 30.
The town Aip contains 1 19 inhabitants.
Lunenburg, a townOiip of Wor>
ceiler county, Maflachufetts, on an ele-
▼atcd fitoatton, *$ miles from the Great
Monadnock mountain in New-Hamp-
ftire, IS fr> :^ Watchufett mountain in
this count; and 45 miles N. W. cf
Bofton. It contains 14,000 ncre^ of
land, on which are 1 300 inhabitants ;
and is much niore remarkable for the
health than the wealth of it* pofleflbrs.
The people have little 'trade or inter,
courfe with the neighbouring country,
and live a folitary bnt independent life.
The nailtngbufineTs is carried on to ad-
vantage. There is a hill in the middle
of the townfliip, called Turkey Hillt on
account of the great number of wild
tnirkies which formerly frequented the
place, and which denominated the whole
tiii I wheii Ita p wftm MMMfnia gin^
to it, iaeoapplimtiistaKinf Ooanall;
whb aras Ityicd Onkt H Loacmwg»
froM a town in his German doiainieas;
LmiiNftufto, A tovMiAIn of New.
York, fituatsd in Albany ^mtV, te the
W. flde Of HiNlfeh*i Kvat*, S^pftofitt to
the city of Hddlbn, anil jo niiks feathof
Albany; It is a thriving vlUagcdf about
aoor to hoUlcSit chiefly ncWn «Hth a near
Dutch church, Ibnduig on the bank of
the river. A nevft road is ctltthi|r froni
this villa^ into the ftttlemcnti on uit up-
per branchci of the Dtla4ate and 8u(l
quchannah rivers, which will prabablr
prove highly bencficbil to the tbwn; A
number of the MeiTrs; Livingftons have
pitrchaled land in and about thil village;
to the amount of io,6ool. and have laid
out a regular town, which will be a rival
to Kaats* Kill» S ^>lc* below. The
fcite of the town is (ukven, and not of a
verv good foil.
luRiNBUliOi acoutrty of Nova-Sco-
tia, on Mahone Bay, on the foutheni
coaft of the province, fating the Atlan^
tic Ocean. Its chief towns are New-
Dublin, Lunenburg, Chefter, and Bland'
ford. In MahoneBay, La Have, and
Liverpool, feveral Alps trade to Enfflaml
with timber and boards. CheiUr is
fettled by a few New-England fiunilies
and others t from hence to Wfaidfor is
a road thediftance of 15 miles*
LuNBNBURG, a townAip in the
above county, fituated on Merliqueth, or
MerlinsuaA Bay, well fettled by a num-
ber of induftrious Germans. The lands
are good, and generally well cultivateiU
It is 35 miles S.W. by S. of Halifax*
and s7 N. by £. of Liverpool.
LuROAN, a townAip in Franklin
county, Fennfylvania.
LuTTBRELLE, an iflsAd in Machiai
Bay, in the Diftrift of Maine.
LuTTERLOCK,atownAip in Orleani
county, in Vermont, north of CraftC^
borough, IraAurgh, Coventry, and Sa-
lem, which lie in a N. N^ E. direftion^
from this town. Hazen's Road, which
extends S.S.E. to the Oxbow on Con-
neflicut river, pafles through Lutterlock *
Luzerne, a large county of Penn-f
fylvania, bounded north by Tioga coun-
Mr, in the State of New-York, eaft and
loutk-eaft by Northampton, ryeft by
Lycoming and Northumberland coun-
^ ties. It is about 79 mile* in length from
tnA prevMus tv its incorporation in ] north to fouth, and 75 in breadth fiom-
eaft
trie
tdk M «Mi. Mid k divided hrto^tt
lownfliipi. InthitcaiNNyunttcbarclMt,
If faw mttti, 14 fcrii milUf t lulling
milfif md I oil mill. <Tht iramtKr ot
inhablmntt !• 4904, incliuling 1 1 ilavct.
A grot part of the countjr U barrvn
when rvMotfl from rifcn. It it well
witcrad by the caft bnuicb of Siifque
harniah rivar and iti tributirict* wnich
Airnifli Bunwroui ind excellent mill
iette. The foil n«ar the river ia re>
iiMrktbly fertile* producing food cropa
of wheat, ilaji, and hemp. The iMrtn*
cm parte abound with pine timber and
fugar.maple. Inthetownlhipaof Wilkf-
bairei Kingfton, Exeter, and Plymouth
are largebraa of ctel. Bog iron ia found
in ieveral placea, and two forgca have
been ercAed. In Ihia county are many
remaina of ancient fortificationa. They
are of an elliptical form, and overgrown
with large white*oak trcca. Chiel town,
Wilkibarre.
Lycoming, a new county in the
porth-wcttem part of Pcnnlylvania,
bounded north by the State of New-
York, and weft by Alleghany coun>
ty.
L YCO MiNO, a Anall creek which rune
fouth, and emptiea into the weft branch
of Sufquehannahi a fcw milra weft of
^yali(>ck Creek. See InMck.
Lycoming, a village in Pennfylvania,
40 milea from Northumberland, and 66
bom the Painted Poft in thr. State of
New.York.
LYMA|fy a townfliip in Orafton ooim-
ty, New.Hamplhire, fituated at the fout
of a mountain on the eaft fide of Con-
neAicut river, between Littleton and
Bath, and 7 milea W. by N. of New-
C> ncord. It waa incorporated in 1761,
and contaiiia &o» inhabitanta.
Lymb. or Limtt a townihip in Graf,
ton county, New-Hamplhire, htuated en
the eaft ude of ConneAicut river, 11
niilea above Dartmouth College. It wait
incorporated in 1761, and containa 816
inhabitanta.
Lymb, a townihip in New.London
county, Connefticut, the Nebantick of
the Indiai\^, ia fituated on the eaft fide
of Connefticut river, at ita mouth i
bounded fouth by Long-Ifland Sound,
north by Haddam and Colchefter, and
eaft by New.London. It waa fettled
about the year 1664, and was incorpo-
rated in May, 1667. It containa three
Itanfliea, beiidea a congregation of Se^*
1 Y N tlfi
VnxHb> md mmUwt of BnpiMi. I«
i7«e it coMnined ftjf hdMbiitMt*.
Lynchivio, iDoiUtownof Vind*
nia, fituated In BedfM coiiiily, mi tht
fouth fide of Jamea river, nearly omo<
fite to Middiibn, and one mile difaat*
Here arc about too hoafea, and • larg*
wanrhoufc for the inftieAitin of tobacco*
Thera ia alfo a printin|-oAcc which
ifl^iiea a weekly gatettc. In the vicHHty
of the town are feteral valuable mu»
chant milla. It ia la mil a from New.
London, •) from Cabellfi>urg, 50 from
Prince Edward'a court- h»ufe, 1 50 W*
.by N of Richm-^nd, and 40! 8. W. of
Philadelphia.
LYND£ioiiovQH,atownaiipinHilir*
borough county, New.Hampfliirc, about
69 milea from Port IhKMith. It waa in>
corporated in the year 1764. In 177}
it cooraincd 713 ) and in i790> itt^'
inhabitanta, who are chieily farmera.
Lyndon, a townihip in Caledonin
cunntv, ill Vermont, liea north of 8t»
JohnAury, and fouthward of BiUymei4^
and Burke. It containa jp inhabitanta.
Lynn, a noaritime town in Efo
county, MaAchufirtta, fituated on* bny
which te a up from that of Maflacbv*
fctra, nonh eaft of Bofton Bay, and
about o milea north by caft of the tovm
of Bofton. The compaft part of the
town forma a very long ftrect. Tht
townihip, named Saugaut by the In«
diana, waa incorporated in 1637, and
containa as9i inhabitanta. Here are
two pariOiei, befidet a fociety of Meth-
odifta, and a large number of Frienda.
The bufinefa which makea the greateft
figure, and for which the town M Lynn
ia celebrated, ia the inanufaAurc of wo.
mena' filk and c)oth Ihoea. Thcie are
dii'pofed of at Bofton, Salem, and'wiher
commercial towna, and fold for hcnne
ufe, or (hipped to the fouthein Statea,
and to the weftlndiea. By a calcula«
tion made in 1 795, it appeared that there
were »oo mafter workmen and 600 ap>
Erenticea conttantly employed in thia
ufinefa, who make annually 300,000
pair of flioea. Lyi^ Beacb may be reck,
oned a curiofity^ It ia a mile in lengthi
and conne£l« the peninl'ula called nm-
bant with the main land. Thia ia «•
place of much refort for paitiea of plea-
lure from Bofton, Charleftown, Salema
Marblehead, &c. in the fummer lealim.
The beach ia ufed aa a race Ei-ound, fmr
which it it well calculatedi being levdt
T , lotootb*^
n
t90 MAC
Woth, and hud. A mineral fnrlng^
hat been difcovered within the limits of
the ttraniihip* bat is not of much note.
Lynn FIELD, a townfliip in ElTex
county) Maflkchufetti, N. E. of Salen<,
and 1 5 milei N. by E. of Bofton. It
was incorporated in i78t> and contains
491 inhabitants.
Lynnhaven Bayt at tl^e fouth end
of 'Chei'apealc Bay, and into which
Lynnhaven river en^pties its waters, lies
between the mouth of James's riyer and
Cape Henry. The mouth of the river
is 7 miles weft of Cape He* >y» Here
'ompte de Grade moored the principal
part of the French fleet, at the blockade
of York town in 1781.
Lyons, a town latelv laid out in On-
ti^rio county^ New- York, about i smiles
N.W. of Gtneva', at the junftion of
Mud Creek and Canandaque Outlet.
Lysander, a ownfliip in Onondago
^unty, N. York, incorporated in 1794,
and conprehends the military towns of
« Hannibal and Okero. The town meet,
ingsare held at the Three Rivers in this
l^own. It is 16 miles S.E. of Lake On-
%ario» In 1796 there were 10 of its in-
habitants entitled to be eleflori.
Lystra, a fmall town in Nelfon
county, Kentucky, fituated on a welt
water of Rolling Fork, a fouth branch
pf Salt river, N. lat. 37., 25. •
M
MAATEA, one of the Society
Illands, in the S. Sea, kt. 17.
5»^W. long. 148. I.
^SikcAPA, a town fituated on the
north-weft bank of A»nazon river, W.
of Caviana ifland, at the niouth of the
river, and a few minutes north of the
equinoAial line.
Macas, the fouthern diftii£l of
Quixos, a government in Peru, in S.
America, boimded B. by the govern
menf of Maynas { S; by that of Braca-
moros and Yaguarfongo ; and on the W.
the E. Cordillera of the Andes (eparates
it from the jurifdiflions of -Riobamba
and Cuenca. Its capita! id the city of
Macas, the name commonly g><'en' to the
whole country. It produces in great
jjlenty, grains and fruits, copal, and
wild wax) but tlie chief occupation of
MAG
th)^tountry people is the cultivation of
tobacco. Sugar»canes thrive alfo bere^
as alfo cotton} but the driad of the
wild Indians prevents ^he inhabitanta
from planting more than fenres for
!»refent iife. Ilere are cinnamon ^ees,
aid to be of fupci'ior quality to thofe of
Ceylon. There are alfo mines of ultra
marine, from which very little is extra6lJ
ed, but a finer colour cannot be imagin-
ed. Among the vaft variety of treeti
which crovird the woods, is the ftorax,
whofe gum is exquifitely fragrant, but
fcarce.
Mac GiLLiVRAY's Phatatitn, ot\
Coofa river, is a little above the Old
French fort Alabamous.
Machala, a town of Guayaquil, oif
the coaft of Tumbca^ in Peru, in a de-
clining ftate. The jurifdi6licn of the
fame name produces great quantities of
cojoa, reckoned the neft in all Guaya-
quil. In its neighbourhood are great
numbers of mangles, or mangrove trees,
whofe ipreading branches and thick
trunks cover all the plains ; which lying
low are frequently overflown. Thil
tree divides itfelf mto very knctty and
diftorted branches, and from each knot
a multitude of others germinate, tbrm-
ing an impenetrable: thicket.' The
wood of the mangrove tree is fo heavy;
as to fink in water, and when dfed in
(hips, &c. is found very durable, be-
ing fubjeft neither to Iplit or rot. The
Indians of this jurifdiaion pay their an-
nual tribute in the wood ot the man-
grove tree;
Machangara, a river formed by
tlje jxinition of feveral Iheams ifluing
from the Ibuth and weft fides of the
Panecillo o\ Sugar Loaf mountain, on
the fouth-wcft fide of Qii^ito, in Peru.'
It wailies the foUth pai'ts of the city,
?,nA has a ftone bridge ovrr it.
MaChias, a port of entry, poft-
town and feat of jurtice, in Wafhington
county, Diftri£l of Maine, fituated on a
hay of its own name, za miles S.W.of
PafTamaquoddy, ys E. by K. of Pt-nob-
fcot, and 236 north-eaft of Portland, in
4.7. 37. N. lat. It is a thriving place,
and cairies on a confiderable trade to
Bofton and the Weft-Indies in fi(h, lum-
ber, &c. It is contemplated to cftabliiji
a regular poft between this town ai;d
Halifax, in Nova Scoti**. The name of
the lQwh is altered ' «m the.' Indi.^n
name Mechifl'es, given tQ-(h<{ river r^n
' ... the
MAC
tlK! oldcft maps. It is 400 milet north-
eaii 1^ BoftoQy imd about 300 by water.
£ariy attempts were made to fettle here»
but the firft permanent fettlement was
made ia 1763* by 15 perfonsof both
fexes from Scai-borough» in Cumberjand
countyi and in 1784 the town was in*
corporated. The chief fettlements are
at the eaft and weft FaUs^ and at Mid-
dle nvw, Macbitis rivfr, after running
a north courfe, 6 miies diftance from
Crofs ifland^ (which forms its entrance)
feparates at a place called tbe Rim } one
branch talcing a north eaft dire^ion,
runs «i miies, with a width of 30 rods
to the head of the tide, where are two
liouble iaw-mills, and one. grlYt. mil].
The main branch runs a north-weft
courfe^ nearly 3 miles, and is 70 roils >
wide* to the iiead of the tide, where are
. two doyble and lingle faw-mills, and
two grift-mills. The chief fettlement
is at Weft Falls, the county coiwts be-
ing held and the' gaol erraicd there.
The main channel of the river takes its
courfe to theft fallsy which, though
crooked and narrow, admits veftels of
burden to load at the wharvte within
50 rods of the mills. This advantage
po otlner pai't of the town can enjoy.
The entrance of Machias river is in
^J. lat. ^4. 35. "W. lojr.g. 66. 56. Tlie
town is divided into 4 diftri^s for the
fupport ,of icboois i and into % fo^* the
convenleoce of public worfliip. It) 1792
Walhington a,cad,emy was eftabliftied
here. The general court incorporated
a number of gentlemen as tn^ftees, and
gave for its Aipport a township of land.
In 1790 the town (Contained 818 inhabi-
tants. Since th»t time its population
has rapidly increafed. The exports of
^achias confift principally of lumber,
viz. boards, fliingles, clapboards, laths,
-and various kinds of hewed timber.
The cod-fifliery might be carried on to
advantage though it has been greatly
iKglefled. In 1793, between 70 and
to tons were employed in the fidiery ;
and not above 500 quintals were export-
ed. The niill-faws, of which there are
17, cut on an average three ipiUion fe(;t
of boards annually. A gr^at proportion
of timber is ufiially thipped in Britifli
yeflels. The total amount oJF exports
annuallyexcejds ^ 5,000 dollars. From
Machias Bay to the mouth of St. Croix,
*here are a great many fine iflands j but
ii>s navigatioa is geneially withput tlKfe
MAC 291
In the open fea. In the year 1704, when
Colonel Church made an attack on the
French plaittation on the riycrSehoodic|k|
he found one LuttereUe» a French noUie« <
man, on one of thefe ifl^s, and rentov- .
ed him. The iflai^ ftill retains his name.
Mac-Cowan's Ford, on Catabaw i
river, is upwards of 500 feet wide, and
about three feet deep. Lord ComwaUii
crofted here in purfuitof the Americus
in 1 78 1, in his way to HillftMronghw
Mac-Intosh, a new county in the'
Lower diftri6l of Georgia, between Li'*
bcrty and Glynn counties, on the A|ata>
maha river.
MIac-ICenzie's RivtP, intheN.W,
part of N, America, rilies in Slave Lake,
runs a N.N.W. courfe, and receives a
numher of large rivers, many of which
are 150 yards wiile, and fome are i%^
fathcTis deep at the influx. It empties'
into the North Sea, at Whale Ifland in
l^t. 69, 14, between i}0« and 135.
W. long, after a courfe of 780 miles
from Slave Lake. It has its name from
Mr. M'Kenzie, who afcended this river,
in the fummer of 1789. He ereAed a
poft with hijT name engraven on it, on
Whale Iftand , at the mouth of this river, .
He faw theie a number of men and
canoes « alio a number of animals jrefem*
bling pisces of ice, fuppofed by ^m to
b^ whales ; probably fea-horfes, defcrio-
ed by Captain Cook. The tide waf
obfcrved to rife 16 or x8 inches. In
fome places the current of the river
makes a hifling noife like a boiling pot.-
It pafl'es through the Stoney Mountains,
and has grea^ part of that r^nge on tl^'
W. fide. The Indian nations, inhabit,
ing the W. ilde from the Slave Lake,
are the Stropgbow Mountain and Hare
Indians; thofeon the £. fide, tJML Bea »
ver. Inland, Nathana, and Q^airo^rs,
Indiai^s, No difcoveries weft of this
riyer have been made by land.
Macoketh, at Macokeuh, River ,
GrefiU enipties i: .j the Miftifippi frc ;.
the N.W, in N. lat. 41. 23." LitiL'
Macoketh falls tlirough the £. bank of
the MifTifippi, about 45 miles above the
mouth of Great Macoketh, andoppoiite
to the Qld Lead Mine.
Macopin, a fmall river which emp-
ties into the Illinois, from tlje S.E. 18
miles from thp Mifnfippi ; is to yards
wide, apd navigable 9 miles to the hills.
The fhore is low on both fides, clad
with paccai)| m^ple, aih, button-wood.
m:
^9* M A D, -
Ue, Hm Imd abounds with timber,
it/ad it covand with high weeda.
MaCORIS, a rmall river oft the S. fide
of tht iflondof St. Domingoj i61eague8
E. of the city of Domingo.
Macvngy, a townftiu in North-
ampton county, Pa^tfvlvania.
MaDj a riyer^ called alfo Piekmva
ftrkt a raud Inranch of thepreat Miami,
having a o.W. courfe. It is a beatitifiil
ftream, pafltng tlirough a pleafant level
^tintiy of the greateft fertility.
Maqamb ^ fiormt the N. E» fide
of the 6ut of Canfi», at yoM enter from
the S. E. and it oppofite to the eaftem
extremity of Nova -Scotia. The north
point of the ifland lies 14 miles foiitherly
df St. Peter's harboyr, in Cape Breton
ifland. The iiQlict de Madame are de-
perdent on Cape Bjreton ifland.
- Madbvry, a townfliip in StralFord
county, New-Hampflitre, fituated be-
tween Dover and Durham, about 10
miles N. W. of Portfmoitth. It was
Incorporated in 1^755, and has j9£ in-
habitants.
M ADDISON, a county of Kentucky,
adjoining Fayette, Clarke. Lincoln, and
Mercer's counties. Chief town, Milford.
Maddison, a fmall town of Amherft
county, Virginia} fituated on the N.
fide e{ James's river, oppofite Lynch-
bureh. It lies 150 miles W. by N. of
Richmond.
Maddison'3 Cave, the largeft and
rooft celebrated cave in Virginia, fituat-
ed on the N. fide of the Blue Ridge.
It is in a hill of about zoo feet perpen-
dicular height, the afcent of which, on
one fide is fo fteep, that you m-iy pitch
a bifcuit from its fummit into the river
which waflies its bafe. The entrance
of tW cave is in this fide, about two-
thirdrof the way up. It extends into
the earth about 300 feet, branching into
fubordinate caverns, fonietimes amend-
ing a little, but more generally defccnd-
ing, arid at length terminates in two
different places, at bafons of water of
unknown extent, and which appear to
be nea>ly on a Jevel with the water uf
the river. The vault of this cave is of
folid lims-ftone, from lo to 40 or 50
feet high, thro' which water is continu-
ally exudating. This trickling down
the (Ides of the cave, has incrufieJ them
over in the form of elegant drapery j and
dripping from t^ top of the vault, gene-
i^atet m that^ and on the bale below, fta-
MAO
laCkitet of a conical form, fbmeofwy^K
have met and formed la* geVnaflyedinmii,.'
Madera', or MtuSirat one of th«
largeft branches of tUe famous Mai^non^
or river of AmaioQS, in S. America. < Iij|
1741, the Portuguefe failed up\ (hi^
ftream, till they ^und theiniftlvet neai^ .
Santa Crvzde la Sien[a, between la;. 17.
and 18, S. From die moutl^of thia
river in lat. 3. ao. S. the Maranon it
known among the inhabitants by the
name of the river of Amazons } and up»
wards they give it the name of the riv-
er of Solimoes. At Loretto, the Madera
receives two branches from the fbuth.
From' Loretto to Trinidad ti\ lat. 15 S.^
its courfe is N. thence to its mouth its
general courfe is N. B. by N. and N.
Madrb db Dios, Port, See Cbrifi'
tUma, SL Alfo RefpluHon Say.
MadrIe de Popa, a town and con-
>Tent of Terra Firmai in S. America, fi-
tuated on tlie river Grande, or Magda-
lena. The pilgrims in S. America re-
fpe£t this religious foundation with-zeal,
and refort to it in great numbers s mant
miracles being faid to have been wrought
here by the Holy Virgin, in favour of
the Spanlfh fleets arul their fs^ilors, whc^
are therefore very liberal in their dona-
tions at her flirine. It lies 54 miles E.
of Carthagena. N. lat. 10. 51 > W.
long. 76. 15.
Madrid. See New Madrid*
Madrigal, atownof Popayan, in S.
America. N- lat. o. 50.W. long. 75.45«
Magdalen Mfi, aclufterofiflesN.E.
oftheifteofSt John's, and N«W. of that
of Cape Breton, in the gulf of St. Law-
rence; fituated between 47. 13. and 47.
4z. N. lat. and in 61. 40. W. long.
They are inhabited by a few fifliermen.
Sea-cows ufed to frequent them; but
they are now become fcarce. Thefe ifles
have been fatal to many veffels. The
chief of them are the Dead Man, Entry,
and Romea iflands. Seamen wifh to.
make them in fair weather, astheyferve
them to take a uew departure ; but in.
foggy weather or blowing weather they'
as liudioufly avoid them.
Magdalena, La, one of the Marque-
fas' Iflands in the South Sea ; about 6
leagues in circuit, and has a harbour
under a mountain on its fouth fide near-
ly in hti 10. xj. S. long. 138. 50. W.
Magdalena, a river of Louifiana,
which empties into the gulf of Mexico^
W. by 8* of Mexicano river.
Mag-
IM
MAO
|/f A^DAiiNA, a large riVeri die two
^mcipal fourcu of which are at no great
diftmce Irom tbe , city of fomjwa, io
Terra Firma. Belcazar, by going
Sown thi$ river, fiMind a {nffiige to .the
forth Sea. TIw. river, after uniting
its waters with the Cance* takes the
name of Gi:andci, and falln into the
Iffprth Sea below the town of Madre de
l*0M. The banks of this great riyer are
Well inhabitedl, and it has a coOrfe of
above s6o leagues. Its mouth is much
frequented by fmugglers, and conveys
^o Carthagena the produftions of New
Granada, viz. g<^d and grain'. Among
inany other confiderable places on its
banks are Malaniibito, Teneriffe, Talay-
gua, Monpox, Tamalameque, &c.
Magdalene, Ca*f oft a promm-
torv in the centre ot' Canada, where
there is an iron mine', which promifes
great advantages, both with regard to
the goodneft of the metal and the plen-
ty of the ore.
Mageb's Stutult on the N. W. coaft
of N. America, is (ituated in Wafhing-
ton*8 lOands, or what the Britiih call
JEdward^s, pr Charlotte's Ifles, fo called
by two different captains on their firft
falling in with them. Lat. $%. 4<S> N.
long. 1 3 1.46. W. This found is divid-
ed by Dorr's Idand, into two parts, lead-
ing into one. Tiie other port is called
Port Perkins.
Magegadavick, or Afo|;/ir«i^<i,or
Eaflern Rivera fulls into the bay of Paf-
famaquoddy, and is fuppoied to be the
true St. Croix, which forms part pf the
eaftern bo'undaty Tine, between the Unit-
ed States and New-]Srunfwick. This
difputed line is now in train for fettle-
talent, agreeable to the treaty of i7'94>
Magellan, Strmts oft at the iouth
extremity of S. America, lie between
^1. and 54. S. lati and between 76. and
84. W. longitude. Thefe ftraits have
Patagonia on the N. and the iflands of
Terra del Fuego on the S. and extend
from E. to W ;. tio leagues, but the
breadth in fome places falls (hort of one.
They were firft difcovered by Magel-
lan, or Magelhaens, a Portuguefe, in the
fervice of Spain, who, in i^io, found
out thereby a paPage from tite Atlantic
to the Pacific or Southern ocean. He
Was the firft navigator who failed round
the ^orld.
Mao ellamia^ or Ttrra Magellamca,
t vj^ u-oA of laud) extending trom tht
^
M A H S9)
province of Rio de la Plati, qniteto dw
utffloft verge of S. Amcricat via. firom
lat. 35. to 54* 8> The Hver Sinfondo
divides the W. part from ^heS. of Chili t
the northern part «yf it alfo boirdcrt on
Chili, and Cuyo m Clncuito <m the W,
The South Sea bounds it^ in part, on the
W. , The N. ocean rthoMj on titf E.
and ftraits of Magellan on tne S. Ma.
gellan himfelf made no great dilooveries
in ,tl^is coiuiktiy,' except the two capea
of Vh^ns and Defire. . The tw6 prin-
cipal naticms difcovered by the mimon-
aries, are, the Chunians and HuilUmki
the former inhabit the continent, and
feveral iflandr, to the northward of the
Kuillant, who inhabit the country new
Magellan Straits'. The foil is generally
barren, hairdlv bearing ativ grain* ^ and
the ttees exhibit a difmal afpeft} lb
that the inhabitants live miferably in m
cold, inhofpitable climate^ The Hull-
lans are not numerous, being hunted
like wild beafts, by the Chuiiians, who
fell them for flaves. The other nattoiA
are riot known, mitch lefs their geniua
or nianner of living. The t^'ftem coafta
of Magellan are generally low, aB6und'<-
ing with bogrs, ani have feveral iAanda
near the Chore ; the moft remarkable of
which is the File of Penguins, fo called
from a bird of that name, which abouuda
on it. The iflands S. of the ftraits are
Teiradel Fuego; as there is a vofeano
in the largeft of them, emitting fire and
fmoke, and appears terrible in the night.
The Spaniard's ere£ted a fort on thia
ftrait, and placed a garrifon in it ; but
the men were all Carved.
MACtTARA, St. Jobn oft a canton
and tof^n on the S. fide of the ifland of
St. Domingo, is fituated on the left fide
of the river Neybe. The capital of the
ancient Indian kingdom pf Masuana*
ftood where the town St. John of Ma-
guana is fituated« The ancient capital
difappeared with the unfortunate prince
Anacoana. This canton was pillaged by
the Englifh privateers, in i $43. in k 764,
the diftri£t of the new parifh contained
3600 perfiHis, of whom 300 were capa-
ble of bearing ams'. Its population
amoimts now to. more than 5000 fouls.
MAkACKAMACK, a river which fall*
into the Delaware from the N. E. at
the N. W. c6rner of the State of New-
Jerfey. *
Mahonb Bat, on the coaft of Nova-
Scotia^ is feparatsd freta Margaret't Bay
T| by
■n.
'4
t94 MAI
by thepr«m«ntory on which it the high
lind of Affwtagocn.
MAHONiHOi « townflitpoii Surque-
hannah river, in Pennrylvtinii.
Mahonoy, a townlhip on Sufque-
hannah river, in Pennfylvania. See
Northumberiand county.
Maidb N HEAD, a fmall neat village in
Hunterdon county, New- Jerfey, having
a Preibyterian church, halfway between
Princeton and Trenton, on the great
poft-road fiom New- York to Philadel-
phia ; fix miles from each. The town-
lhip of Maidenhead contains 103a in-
habitants, including 160 flaves.
Maidstone, a townfliip in Eflex
■county, in Vermont, on Conne6licut
livery containing 1*5 inhabitants.
MAINE) District of, belonging
v$ to Maflkchnfetts, is lituated between lat.
4.3. and 4S. 15. N. and between long.
64. 53. and jOt 39. weft J hounded
north by Lower Canada, eaft by the
province of Newt Brunfwick, fouth by
the Atlantic Ocean, weft by New.
•Hampfhire. The Diftrift of Maine is
in length, on an average, 200 miles, and
its average breadth soo miles ; contain-
ing 40,000 Iquare miles, or 45,600,000
acres. It is divided into five counties,
vis. York, Cumberland, Lincoln, Han-
cock, and Walhington : thefe are fub-
dividcd into near sooincorporated town-
fliips and plantations } mhabited by
. 96,540 free people. The chief towns
'' are Portland, the metropolis of the Dif-
ti'i£l of Maine, York, Pownalborough
and Wifcaaet,Hallowell. Bath. Waldo-
borough, Penobfcot, aiu) Machias. The
Jaft mentioned is the only incorporated
town in Wafliington county, the other
fettlements being only plantations. The
chief rivers are Penobfcot, Kennebeck,
Saco, Androfcoegin, St. Croix, &c. be-
fides a vaft number of fmall rivers. The
moft noted lakes are Moofehead, Scoo-
die, Sehacook, and Umbagog. The
chief bays are thofe of Cafco, Penob-
fcot, Machias, Sacb,,and PaiTamaquod-
dy. The nioft remai'kable capes are
thofe of Neddock,^Porpoire, Elizabeth,
Small Point, Pemaquio, and Petit Ma-
nan. The Diftri£l of Maine, though
an elevated tra£t of country, cannot he
called mountainous. A great propor-
tion of the lands are Arable and exceed-
insl^jT fertile, particularly between Pe-
nobfcot and Kennebeck rivers. On
icmc parts of the {ea*coaftt the lands
%
MAI
are but indifferent. The hutdi b tb(«
Diftrift may be roafiderBd in thret divi'-
fions I the/rjl compithending tKe (raft
lying eaft of Penobfcot river, of aboilt
4,500,000 acres { tht fecond, tmii beft
traft, of about 4^000,000 acres, lying
between Penobfcot and Keiuielwck riv-
ers i the tbirdf jlirft fettled and moft po*
pulous at prefent, weft of Kennebeck
river, containing alfo about 4,000,000
acres. The foil of this country, in ge-
neral, where it is properly fitted to re-
ceive the feed, appears to be very friend-
ly to the growth of wheat, rye, barley,
oats, peasj henrp, and flstx, as well as
for the production of almoft all kinds
of culinary roots and plants, and for
Englilh grafs ; and aUb for Indian
.com, efpecially if the feed be procured
from a more northern climate. Hops
are the fpontaneous growth of this
country; and it is alib uncommonly
good for grazing, and large ftocks of
neat cattle may be fed both fummer and
winter. The natural growth of this
Diftri£l confifts of white pine and ijpruce
trees in large quantities, fuitable for
mafts, boards, and fliingles} maple,
beech, white and grey Oak, and yellow
birch. The low lands produce fir,
Which is neither fit for timber nor fuel,
but yields a balf'am that is highly
prized. Almoft the whole coaft noith-
eaft of Portland is lined with ifiands,
among which vefl*els may generally
anchoi with fafety. The principal ex-
ports of this country are various kinds
of lumber, as pine boards, (hip timber,
and every fpecies of fplit lumber manu-
factured from pine and oak; thefe are
exported from the various ports in im-
menfe quantities. A fpirit of improve-
ment is incrcafing here. A charter for
a college has been granted by the legif-
lature, and five academies incorporated
and endowed with handfome grants of
public lands. Town fchools are gene-
rally maintained in moft of the towns.
The Commonwealth of Maflacbufetts
poflefs between eight and nine million
acres in this DiftriCt, independent of
what they have fold or contracted to fell,
which brings into the treafury the neat
fum of 269,0051. 8s. 7d. currency; and
befides about two million acres between
St. Croix and Faflamaquoddy indifpute
between the U. States and the Britifh na-
tion. Exclufive of the lands fold, about
385,000 acres have been graiited foi-the
en-
th(«
divi'-
^duragekneht of Ittemture and other
ufeful und humane puipofes. Attenq>ts
were made to fettle this country ai ear-
ly ai i6o7» on the weft fide of Kenne-
bcck river} but they jproved unfucceiT-
ful, and weit not repeated till between
1010 and 1630. In 163 s, the weftem
part of it was granted to Ferdinando
Gorges, by the Plymouth Company,
and lie firft. inftituted government, in
this province. In 165a, this province
came under thejurifdi^ionof Maflachu-
iletts, and was, by charter* incorporated
with it, in 1691. It has fince increafed
to upwards of 100,000 inhabitants, and
will, it is expected, Ihortly be ere£led
into a feparate State,
Mairb, Le, a ftitiit between Terra
del Fuego and Staten Ifland, in S.Ame-
rica.
Maisy, Cajitt is the eaftenimoft
point of the idand of Cuba.
MajabagaDVCe, in the DiftriA of
Maine, at the mouth of Penobfcot river,
on the eaft fide.
MakefielA, Uppef and Lmuer,
lownfliips in Buck's county, Pennfyl-
vania.
MALAbAk, Cape^ or Sandy Po'mtt a
narrow ftrip of land projefting out
from the foutheaft part of Cape Cod,
in Maflachuietts, about 8 miles S. by
W. N. lat. 41. 33. W. long, from
Greenwich 70. 3.
Malabrigo, a harbour on the coaft
ofPeru, in the S. Sea^
MalaMbito, a town in the province
of Carthagena, in Terra Firms, about
60 miles eafteriy of Carthagena, and on
the W. fide of the river iVIagdalena.
Malden, a town in Middlefex coun-
ty, MaiTachufetts, on the eaftem poft-
road, 4 miles north of Bofton, contain-
ing 1033 inhabitants. It is conne6led
with Charleftown by a bridge over Myf-
tic river, built in 1787.
Maldonado, abayin the river La
Plata, eaftward of Buenos Ayres, in S.
America, and 9 leagues from Cape San*
ta Maria*
Malioash, a fmall creek on the
fovithern fide of Chaleur Bay, about 3
leagues from Jaquit river, where arc
ertftcd faw-milU and pot-a(h works.
Several fiiips and brigs have been built
at this place. Oppofite to it, and co-
vering Its front, lies L'Ifle aux Herons,
or Heron Ifiand, about two leagues long
and one wide. It lies E. and W. and
MAN
«f5
about two milet in (bme placet fian the
main.
Mama Katino, a townfhip in U1«
iJer countyf New- York, W. of Mont-
gomery and Wallkill, on Delaware riv*
en It contains 1763 inhabitants, in*
eluding %%% eleftors, and 51 flavea. ^
MamarOneck, a townfliip in Weft.
Chefter county, New- York, containing
45» inhabitants, including 57 (laves.
It is bounded foutherly by New Ro-
chelle, and eafteriy by the Sound.
Mamarvmi, a place on the road
from Guayaquil to Qjnto, in S. Ameri-
ca, where there is a very beautiful caf-
cade. The rock from which the water
M'ecipitates itfelf, is nearly perpendicu-
ar, and 50 fathoms high} and on both >
ides edged with lofty and fpreadtng
trees. The clearnefs of the water daz-
zles the fight, which is delighted, at the
fame time, with the large volume of
wat'er formed in its fall} after which
it continues its courfe in a bed, along a
fmall defcent, and it crofled over by a
bridge*
Manallin, a townfhip in York
county, Pennfylvania.
Manca, a town of Weft-Florida, oit«i
the eaft bank of the Mifllfippi, at the
mouth of Hona Chitto riVer.
Mancenilla, a large bay on the
N. fide of the ifland of St. Domingo ;
about 4000 fathoms long from W» to > <
Ei and aSoo broad from N. to S. The
S. E. part of the bay is very wide and
aflbrds excellent anchorage, even for
veileis of the firft fize. In other parts
it is too fliallow. The river Maiiacre,
which was the point of feparation of
the French and Spanifli colonies on the
N. of the ifland, runs a N. courfe, to-
wards its mouth N» W. and enters the
eaflern part of the bay. The bay of
Mancenilla, though a very fine one, is
not fo ufeful as it might be, if its bottom
were well known^ There are feveral
fliallows in it, owing to the overflowings
of the Maflacre, which rolls into it
wood, fand, and ftones, in great quan-
tities, fo that it I'eems neceflary to found
the bay annually, after they are over.
In general, it is prudent, on entering, to
keep clofer to the point of Ycaque, than
to the S. fide of the bay } becaufe the
iandy pohit has.no rocks. The bottom
of the bay is muddy. The river Maf-
facre is, during a league, from 5 to ix
feet deep, and pretty wide } but its bed
T4 it
t96 MAN
U often Aill of tile wood which the rtir.
rembrin|s down. It fwaimt with fifh i
•nd hen ire found thofe cnormoue mul-
leU which are the wide of the table at
Cape Francois. In the times of the
floods* there fifli are driven towards the
bay» where neeroes, well praAiiisd in
the bufinefsi fim for them. Fi&ing in
the bay is difficult enough) on account
of the drifted wood} but the negrock
are good divers, and are often obliged
to go to the bottom and dileiigace Ihe
feine) but when it gets near the b«nch,
it is a lingular and Ih'iking fpeSncle, to
fee the nemes, the fifli» and the alliga-
torsi all TOuncing about in the water to-
fethier. The negroes kill the alligators,
nock out their teeth, and fell them to
. make corals, the garniture of which
ferves to mark the degree of luxiury oi-
pride of thofe who hang them to the
necks of their children. The plenty ot
iilh often attraAs fliips of war to this
bay. The mouth otMaflfacre river lies
in N. lat. 19. 44. W. long, from Paris
74:9-
Manchac, r town on the Miflifippi,
^wo miles below the Indian town of
^i^labama. The banks of the river at
Manchac, though frequently overflowed
by the vernal mundations, are 50 feet
perpendicular height above thefurfoce
of the water ; and the river, at its low-
ed ebb, is not lefs than 40 fathoms deep,
and nearly a mile in width. The Spa-
nifli fortrefs on the point of land below
the Ibberville, dofe by the banks of the
Hver, has a communication with Man-
chac, by a flender, narrow, wooden
bridge, acrofs the channel <>f Ibberville,
and "not a bow.fliot fi«m the habitatians
of Manchac.
Manchkstbii, a fmall filliing-town,
fituated on the iea-coaft between Cape
Anne and Beverly, in Eifex county,
MafTachufetts. The fifhery is carried
on fi-om this port chiefly in the vefTels,
and for the account of the merchants in
Bofton, and other places. The town-
fhiplies S. E. of Wrnham, and 30 miles
N. R. of Bofton. It was incorporated
in 1645, and contains 965 inhabitants.
Manchester, a poft-town of Ver«
mont, in Bennington county, on Batten-
kill. It ts ta miles N. by E. of Ben-
nington, and 59 N. E. of Albany in
New- York. This townfhip contains
1 176 inhabitants. In the S. imrt of the
town, in a bill a little W. of tne Battcn-
^ f.
MAN
#:.
kill, is deep a ftratum of frlablt calct-
rous earth, of the whitenefs of chalk }
and apparently eompored of ftiells,
which rt^quires but little burning to
produce good lime* ^
Manchsster, a townfhip in^ York
county, Fennlylvania.
Manchestbr, a fmall town ofVir-
ginia, fituated on the S. fide of James
river, oppofite to Richmond, with
which it IS connefted by a bridge. In
1781 this town litffered much during
Arnold^s deftruAive expedition.
Manchester, a town of Nova-Sco-
tia, io leagues N. W. of Cape Ganfo.
It contained 2$o families in 17S3.
Manchester House, one of the
Hudfon Bay Company's fa6lories, lies
too miles W. of Hudlbn's Houfe, and
75 S. £. of Buckingham Houfe. It
(lands on the S. W. fule of Safkafhawan
river, in the N. W.partofN. America.
N. lat. 53. 14. 18. W. long. 109. ab.
Man CORA, a place on the road from
Guayaquil to Tnixilla, in Peru, fituated
on the feai-coaft. Through it, durinj^
winter, runs a rivulet of f re(h water, to
the great relief of the mules that travel
this way. In fummer, the little remain-
ing in Us channel is lb brackifh, as to be
hardly tolerable.
Manobea, an ifland of the 8. Seas,
vifited by Captain Cook in the beginning
of his laft voyage. The coaft is guard-
ed by a reef of coral rocks, againfl which
a heavy furf is continually breaking.
The ifland is about 1 5 miles in circum*
ference. The inhabitants appear of a
warlike difpofition. S. lat. ai. *j, W.
long. 158. 7.
Manhattan, the ancient name of
Long-IAand, and alfo of York- Ifland.
Manheim, a town of Pennfylvania,
in the cuunty of Lancafter. It Contains
about 60 houfes, and a Dutch church.
Glal's works were ereAed here previous
to the revolution, but they are fallen to
decay. It is 1 1 miles N. by W. of Lan-
cafter, and 77 W. by N. of Philadelphia.
•— Alio the name of a tovm in Lincoln
county, Maine. Thee is another of
the fame name in Yiu-k county, Penn-
fylvania.
Man covAOAVfOrB Jack Rst/tr, rif-
es from a lake of its name, in Lower
Canada) runs a foothern courfe, and
falls into the St. Lawrence 85 miles N.
E. ofTadoufac.
Ma n ts (., or rather Sakmin^ moun-
taios^
miles
f^v
¥^'
MAN
IiIm in thi Uand of^Hifpamoh or.St.
Domingo* *o miles in ctrcumfcnnce,
and almoft inacceflible. Thejrkave been
for to years paft the place of refiige of
the fugitive Spaniihand French negroes,
Thelb brigand* have a* ytt always de-
,fied their pu-riiers. The foil ot theft
mountains u fertile, the air temperatei
and tlie ftreaun in them abound with
gold duft.
Mahillon* a townfliip in Fayette
county, Pemfylvania.
Manitooalin, a duller of iilands
near the northern (hore of Lake Huron,
conlidered as lacred by the Indians.
Manlius, a townfhip ia Onondago
county. New- York, incorporated in
1794, and is the Teat of the county courts.
It is well watered by Butternut, Lime>
ftone, and Chittenengo creeks, which
unite at theN. E. corner of the town ;
and the ftream, afluming the latter name,
runs north to -Oneida lake, which is lo
miles northerly of the cenu'e of the
town. It comprehends that part of the
Onondago rcfervation bounded fouther-
ly by the Geneflee road, and wefterly
. by Onondago creek and the Salt lake.
Of its inhabitants 96 are ele£iors, ac-
cording tothe (late cenCus of 1796.
Man MIC. Indian villages on the Pi-
caway fork of the Manmic, or Miami
of the lake, and St. Mary's river. See
Miam.
Mannington, a townfliip in Salem
county, New.Jerfey.
Manor, a townfhip in Lancafter co.
Pcnnfylvania.
Man SB L, an ifland in the N. £. part
of Hudfon*s bay, between Southampton'
ifland and the coaft of Labrador. N. lat.
€t. 38.
Mansfield, a townfliip m Suflex
county, New-Jerfey, containing 148s
inhabitants, including 3 5 flaves. It is
fituated on Mufconecunk river, about
7 miles fouth-eaflerly of Oxford, and as
far northerly of Greenwich.
Mansfield, a townfliip in Briftol
county Maflachufetts, fituated 30 miles
foutherly of Bofton. It was incorpo-
rated in 1770, and contains 983 inhabit-
ants.
,^ Mansfield, a townfliip in Chit-
tenden county. Vermont, between La
Moille and Onion rivers, about 7 miles
diftance ii'om each, and 113 miles. N. by
E. of Bennington
M A <t tyy
ton county^ New. Jerftjr, «• the 8. fide
of Black's creekf eonufUng af g<,ofy
acres, of an ejtcellcnt foil, noted fytim
Am paAurM and lam dairies. It is t
m1l^s W. by N. of BurUi^^tan* aad.sB
S. by E. of Trenton. The IniMhitaais
are moftly Friends*
Mansfield, a townltip in Winl-
ham county, Connefticuti about 30 nrilesi
north of New>Loudon, and as fiur eaftof
Hartford.
Manta, a bay of Gnayaqail, In
South- America, formerly famous for m
confiderable pearl fiftery; but it iiat
been totally difcontintled for fome years.
There is slfo a point of this nany nn
the coaft near it. The bay has its name
from the great numbers of large Uk
called rnoMtM, the catching of woiefa i«
the common employment of the inha-
bitants. The method of carrying ■tm
this fifliery is as ftrifows 1 they thioiv
into the wate.' a log of woody about it
feet long, and near a foot in diameter i
on one end they place their net, and tm
the other an Indian ftands in an creft
pdfitton, and with a fingle^iar rows hia
tottering bark to the diftance of Mf a
league from the ftiore, where he flioota
his net ; another Indian follows on m
fimilar log, takes hold of the rope fiift.
(^ed to one «id of the net, and wfem
fullv extended, thev both make toward*
the land, hauling the net after them. It
is aflonifliing to obferve with what tmill^
ty the Indians maintain an equilibrtnm
on thefe round logs, notwithftandins
the continual agitations of the fea, ana
their being obliged to mind the m^ and
the net at the fame time. They are in-
deed excellent fwimmers; fo that if
they flip off, they are immediately ca
the log again, and in their fonner pofi-^
tion.
Maplbton, amme given to a plea-
fant range of excellent farms, 3 milea
eatt of Princeton, in New- Jerfey.
Ma^oit, a bay of flioal waters in
Cafco Bay, in the diftri^i of Maine^ a<-
bout so miles north of Cape Elizabethy
frequently mentioned in the hiftory* «f
Maine} where the Indians were ufed-to
land with their canoes, and firom thenic
carry them to Pejebfc$t Fails, on An-
drolcosgin river. This was done with
the toil of only 4 hours walk. From
thefe falls they^ went down into Ktmae-
beck river j and from thence contimwd
Mamip|I», a tewnOup in Burling. \ their routf np chat river to Wcftrun-
/I
s^8 MAR. '
ftti* ind thence •ver to St. LfeiN^ee }
er tuined and weiiit down through Mon>
ktg bayi towardi Penobfcot | or from
tha fklls they emthined their progreAi
np AndroreogS[in river, bcyoAd the
whUe MountRintf and over to Con-
ncAicut river, and from thchce to Lake
Memphremagog, and down to the li-
nita of Canada.
Maracaibo, Maracaybot or Ma-
racayat a finall but rich city of Veneiu-
elo, a pi'ovince of Terra Firnia in South •
America, fituated on the weftem brnk
of the lake of the lame name, about 18
miles from itt mouth and 73 S. W. of
Corq. It is well built, has feverai (late-
ly houfcs, very regular, and adorned
¥rilh balconies, from which there is a
prol'iiedk of the lake, which has the ap-
nearance of a Tea. Here are about 4000
inhabitants, of whom 3 00 are able to
hear arms. It has a governor fubordi-
mate to- tne governor of Terra Finri.
Here is a large parochial church, an
liofpital, and 4 .;onvents. Veflels from
^5 to 30 tons frequent this port, with
ihanuiaAurea and merchandize from
the places near the lake, which are after-
wards put on boanl Spaniih lliips that
come hither to buy thrm. Ships are
built at Maracaibo, which trade all over
Amtrtca, and even into Spain, this place
being very commodious for <hip>build-
ing. It lies 338 miles eaft of Rio de la
Hacha. N. lat. 10. 51. W. long. 70.
15..
Maracaibo Lake, or rather Guff, a
large colle£lion of waters, on which the
town above mentioned is fituated. It is
'iiear ao8 miles long, and in fame parts,
50 in breadth, running from S. to N.
and emptying itfelf into the N. Sea ;
the entrance of which is well defended
by ftrong torts ; but Sir Henry Morgan
paR'ed by them, plundei-«d feverai Spa-
niOi towns on the coalt, and defeated a
fquadron which had been fent to inter-
cept him. As the tide flows into the
laice, its water is fomewlut brackifli,
notwithltanding t! 7 many rivers it re-
ceives. It abounds with all forts of
iilh, fome of which are very large. By
the navigation of this lake, the inhabi-
tants of Venezuela carry on a trade with
thofe of New Granada. The lake be-
comes narrower towards the middle,
where the town is erected.
Maragnon. S'jt River of AmoKOHs,
. }i/lAtiAOSOti,6iMeranott,otMerig'
WAR
A^tbeiiame of 9 northern cfiptidn<bip
of Araiil. Chief town, St. Louis.
MARANHAd, « fmall ifland at the
month of the noted rivers Maracu,'
Topecom, and Mony, on th^N. fide of
the province of Maranhao, or Maknon
in Braiil. The ifland is oblraw, 4 j
miles in cfrcoit. Very fin'tile, and well
inbtbltedi The Fricnehj who fcizcd
on it in 16 ts, built a town hcfe, called
St. Louis de Maragnan { but it is n'ow
in the hands of the Portuguefe j and is a;
biOiop's fee. It is very (Trong, and has
a flout caftle buHt oh a rotk, tpwards
the fea, whibh commands a very ion-^
venient harbours The ifland itfelf
is very difficult of accefs^ by reafon of
the rapidity of the three rivers which
foim it i fo that veflels mufl wait far
proiK-r winds and feafons to viflt ifi
Befldes the town mentioned here, aie
two fmaller ones, viz. St. Andero, on
the nioft northerly point, and St. Jago
on the fouthern. The natives have
about %7 hamlets, each conflfting of
four lai^ huts, forming a fquare in th^
middle ; all being built of large timber^
and covered from top to bottom with
leaves : lb that each may contain aoo or
300 perfens. The inhabitants arc ftrong
and healthy, a'.id live to a gf rvt age ;
bows and arr')ws are their only wea»-
Cons, with which they are very dextrous t
ut they are fierce and cruel, efpecially
to their enemies. The continent, 3 or 4
leagues from the Mland, is inhabited by
the^ Tapouytapare, and Toiiphiambois
nations, who are wild and nerce, and
divided.mto 1 5 or so fuch hamlets, as
have been defcribed above. Contiguous
to thefe are the territories of Cuma and
Gayeta, inhabited by nearly the fame
fort of people. Thecapital,Maragnan^
has a harbour at the mouth of the rivei*
St. Mary, on the Atlantic ocean; 495
miles N. W. of Cape St. Roque. S,
lat 2. 27. W. long. 44. 36.
Marblbhead, a port of entry r d
poft'town in Eflex coimty, Maflatiiu-
fetts, 4- miles S. E. oFSnlcm, 19 N. E^.
ofBoflon; containing 1 Epii'copal and
2 Congregational churches, and 5,661
inliabitants. The harbour lies in front
of the town S. E. extending from S. W.
to N. E. about one mik: and a half in
length, and half a mile broad. It is
formed by Marblehead neck on the S.
and £. and is pfote6led by a fea wall,
which, before its late repairs, was in
imminent
^'
M A K
Imminent danger of givMg ^jr, »o the
great detriment, if not ruin of the port.
A batterer and citadel were ere6led Here
in i795f for the defience of the place,
by order of Congrefi.' The bank fifh-
cry employe the principal attention of
the inhabitants^ and more it done of
thii bufmefs, in this place, than in any
other in the State. Tlie exports of the
^ear lyf^* amounted to 184,532 dol-
lar*. Marhlehead was incorporated in
1649, and lies in N. lat. 41. 30. W.
long. 69. 49.
MaRBLETOWN, a townllilp in Ulfter
county. New- York, fituatedon the W.
fide of Hudibn's river, affd fame dif-
tance from it ; 8 ndles S. W. by S. of
Efopus, and near 80 N. of New-York
city. It contains 1,190 inhabitants, in-
cluding 374 (laves. By the State cen-
fus of 1796, 374 of the inhabitants are
electors.
Marc, St. Skt Mark.
Marcellus, a military townfliip in
Onondago cuimty. New- York, fituatcd
on Skaneatetes lake, 1 1 miles W. of
Onondago Caftle. Marcellus, as in-
corporated in 17941 comprehends alio
the towulhip of Camillus, part of the
Onondago refervation. and part of the
referved lands lying S. W. of the Salt
Lake. Irt ift\6, iso{ its inhabitants
were eleftors.
Marcus Hook, a town in Chefter
county, Peimfylvania,, on the weft fide
of Delaware river, 20 miles below Phi-
ladelphia. It contains about 30 fami-
lies. Here are two rows of piers, or
long wharves, to defend vefl'cls from the
driving of ice in winter.
M/iP.zcHAVX, Cape, forms the N.
E. fide of the bay of Jacmcl, in the ifl-
and of St. Domingo. N. lat. 18. 18.
Marechites Indians inhabit the
banks of the river St. John, and around
Pafl'amaquoddy bay. They are efti-
mated at 140 fighting men.
MaRequita, a city of New Grana-
da, Terra Firma, S. Aiiiferica.
MARGALLAWAy,ariver which rifes
in the Diltri£l of Maine, and erodes the
Ncw-Hampftiire line between Lake Um-
bagog and a moimtain on the north,
and runs fouth-weitward to Amarilcog-
gin river. Its mouth is 10 rods wide.
Margaret's Bay, St. a port on the
fouth coaft of Nova- Scotia, between
Prerpc£t Harbour and Mahone Bay;
from which laft it it feparated by a pro-
JSiAti
^
n1(fti<bry. On which i« tht high Ini4 of
Aipotagoen. ' ^
MAROARBTTAy oT Sattto Morgortf'
ta da lat CaraecMt v\ ifland of Terrv
Firma^ in S. Afti^riea, from which it !#
parted by a ftiait S4 miles wide ; 61f
miles W. of Paria, or New Andaloita.
Columbus difcovered it hi his third voy-
age, anno 1498. ft is 4<» mifet in length
and 24 in breadth ; and, being always
verdant, affords 9 mod agreeable prof-
pe6l. It abounds in paftUi-e, maize ami
fruit ; but there i» a fii»rcity of wood
and water. There was once a pearls
fifhery on its eoaft, which produceif
one pearl, the fineft ever feen, valued ad
^25,000 fterling, bou^t by the kii^
of Spain.' The inlrabitants are a mix-i
ture of Indians and Spaniards, who are
lazy and fuperftitiou's. Here are feverat
forts of animals, particularly wild hogs^
with filh and fowl. N. lat. 1 1 . 46. W.
loner* ^4* ia«
Margaret's I/lands, in the N. Pa-
cific ocean, were difcovered by Capt.
James Maffee, in the fliip Margaret, of
Bolton, in his voyage from Kamfchatka
in 1780. Their latitude is 24. 40. U,
long. 14T. 12. E.
Margarettsvillb, a village it^
Wafliingfon county, Maryland, abatit
10 miles S. by E. of Elizabeth 'Town
and 6 N. E. of William's Port.
Maroot, the river and heights of
Margot are on the E. fide of the Mifli.
fippi. The river has a wellerly courfr,
and is faid to be navigable for batteaux
a number of miles. The ground be-
low its jun£lion with the Miilifippi, in
lat. 35. 28. N. affords a c6mmariding,
airy, pleaiant, and extenlive fituation for
fettlements ; the foil is remarkably fer-
tile. About 3 miles below this, the
French built Aflumption Fort in 1736,
when at War with the Chickafaws, but •
the year after it was demoliflied, when
a peace was concluded. It is 70 miles
from the river St. Francis, and 104 from
the Chickalaw rivfer.
Margot Port, a maritime village
on theN. fide of the idand of St. Do.
mingo, in 19. 4.8, N. lat. 9 leagues weft-
ward of Cape Francois,
Maria, Cape Santa, is the northern
cape at the mouth of La Plata river,,
in S. America; 9 leagues from the bay
of Maliionade, and 20 from Montebideo,
a bav fo called from a mbuntain whicij|
overlooks it,
^. Maru
' <J
- f m
.■^
^ . If A it
MaIIA SAMTAk • Mirn of tfiti in*
AteM of JhuniiMt in 6. America. It
iMM built b/ the Spaniard* (bim after
Ihty dtfi»vcrcd the gold mitwi in its
■eighbottrbood. N. nt7. 43. w. loi^.
>ft» ta. . ^
Mariao ALANTBt one of the Carib-
W Iflandt in the Atlantic bctan » fo
called ftom the fliip'i name in which
C^lumbut dircovcrcd itf in 1493. It
b of an elliptical figui-e, 4^ leagues from
N. to S. and 3 from E; to W. It lies
5 or 6 leagues S. eafterl^ of Guadaloupe,
tfwut half its furface is barreh moun-
tains. There are only two parinies, the
princiral at the foutb defended by a fort
called Bafleterre. It is indiflTerently wa-
tered, but products Soo,ooclb. ot cof-
|ee» ieO|Ooolb. cotton* and i,ooo,ooo]b.
cf (opa* The French planted a colony
bere in 1648. It was taken by the
Englifli in 169X9 but the French foon
ftttled there again, and ftill poflefs it.
K. lat* 15. 55. W. long. 61. 6.
Maria UNA, was the name given to
the diftriA granted by the Plymouth
Council t* Captain John Mafon in 1 6a i ^
It extended fivm the river Naumkeag,
now Salem, round Cape Ann, to Mer-
rimack river, and from the Tea to the
lieads of thcfe rivers, with the Iflands
l^ingwitlun s miles of the coaft.
IIaiiib, Cape Datiu, the weftei-n-
■loft point of tlie ifland of St. Domin-
go, which with Cape St. Nicholas,
wrms the entrance of the bay of Leo-
fsne. N. lat. st. 3S. W. long, from
aris 76. 51 . The town of this name,
fituated on the cape, is on the north-
weftemmoft part of the fouth peninfu-
k t 8 leagiics weft of Jeremie, and 60
wtift of Fort au Prince. The towns
and villages, along the north coaft of the
jpeninTula, and in the bay or bite of Le-
Mpne, between the cape and Port au
Irince, are Petit Trou, Anfe a Veau,
Maragoane, Petite Goave, Grand Go-
Bve, ficc,
Marie, Straits of, coonefl Lakes
Superior and Huron, which will permit
boats to pafs, but not larger- vefl*els.
Near the upper end of thcfe ftratts,
which are 40 miles long, is a rapid
which (though it is impojffible for ca-
ftoes to afcend) may be navigated by
boats without danger, when condu£led
by able pilots. The ftraits afford one
ot the tmf- pleafmg profpefls in the
world I on che left, leading to lake Su-
ii A k
pariWy may be racnniiny iMniHAtt lit.
tit iflands that ntcnd • ooiBfidcrabl^
way befcra you t and on thb right an
agttfeabk IbcccdSon of Ihudl pointa of
land wbkb pnjeft • little way into the
watei^ and contribute witl^ tne Iflandt
to redder it delightfttl.
MXribl, Ptrtt a harbour on the
north fide of the iflahd of Cuba» which
will admit frigates of 30 guris.
Marietta, a poft-town and fettle* '
mcnt of the M. Vf. Territory; fituatnl
on the Ohio at the tnouth of the Muf-
kingum. The Campus Martiiis in this
town is an elevatkd public fquatv. found-
ed by the Ohio Company; in the year
17S8. The fortificauon is all of hewrt
timber, and for^ppearanee; convenience^
and defence, <;f fuperior excellence. It
is more than 30 feet above the high
banks of the Mulkingum; and only 15^
yarde diftant from that river, with a
beautiful natural glatis in front. The
town confifts of 1,000 houfe-lots of 90
by iSo feet} the fpacious ftreets inter^
k&: each other at right angles, and therd
are neceflfary fquares referved for ufci
pleafure and ornament. There are but
tew heufes yet erefied. It is io miles
above Bel-Pre, 86 fouth.weft of Wheel-
ing. 146 fouth- weft of Pittft)urg, 24^
nok.h-eaft of Lexington in iCentnckyj
and 460 W. by S. of Philadelphia^
The mouth of Nlufkingum river Iks iit
lat. 39. 34. long. 8s. 9.
Mark, St. a town of E. Florida, ai
the head of the bay of Apalachy } i8d
miles vittt of St. AugulUne, and 105
from the Alachua Savannah. N. lat.
30. II. W. long. 85. 45.
Mark, St. a jurildiaion in the wef
part of the ifland of St. Domingo, con-
taining 4 pariihes. Its exports, ihipped
from the town of its name, from Jan. i^
1789, toDec. 31, of the fame year, were
3,06 5,o47)b. white fugar, 7,931,7101b.
brown fuear, 7,041,85216. coffee^
3,150,89010. cotton, 349,8191b. indi-
go, and various articles to the value of
x,i5o| livres : the total value of duties
on exportation 11 6,974 dollars 4 cents*
The town of St. Mark lies at the head
of a bay of its name, which is at the
head ot the Bay or Bite of Leogane.
The bay is formed by Cape St. Mark on
the fouth, and Mome au Diable on the
north. This town, although final], is
reckoned the ^leafanteft in the iflands
It! conunercc is confiderabic. It owes
a great
SC AH
f gant dMl of iit cmbcUiluiNntt to the
Intention of M . df Marbois, during Ms
admintftration. It is t% )eman weft of
Hioche, 19I north^wcft of foit au
Prince, 14 UMitl^ bv weft of Lea Go-
fiaives, 30 fouth of Port dt Paix, and
46} fouth-weft of Cape Francois. N.
^t. 19. 5. W, long, 75, 10.
Marlborough, a county in the
fwrth eaft comer of Chcraws diftrtft, oq
^he Great Pedee river, S. Carolina, %$
miles lofig, and 19 broad,
Marlborough, Nrw, atownfliip
\n Berkfhire county, Maflkchufetts, con-
taining 1,550 inhabitants. It was in-
foruoi-atcd ip' 1759, and is 144 miles
weft by fouth of Bofton.
Marlborough, an anc;ent and
wealthy^ townAtip in Middlciex county,
Mairacniifett^i (the Oktmmahamtfit of
the Indians) was "icorporated in 1660,
and contains I1554 innabitants. It is
•8 miles W, of Bofton. A mode of
inanufa£luring Spanifli brown, from a
Rind of earth or loam, faid to refemble
bed-ore, though not impregnated with
particles of iron, has lately been difco-
Vered in thii( town, by an ingenious
gentleman. He conftru£led an air fur-
nace, at a trivial expenfe ) and in the
year 1794, could calcine and prepare for
the mill a too in 14 hours, 6 days in
fucceflion, without great expenle of
wood. Connoiflfeurs m paints acknow-
ledge it is good. His nrft attempts in
inaking tpruce yellow were likewi/e flat-
tering.
Marlborough, a townfliip in
Windham county, Vermont, having
Newfene on the north, Halifax fouth,
Brattleborough eaft, and Wilmington
on the wefti It contains 629 inhabi-
tants.
Marlborough, a poft-town in
Cheihire county, New-Hampfliire.. fix
miles from Kecne, 20 north of Winch-
cndon, and ^z6 from Aihbumham in
MalTachufetts. It was incorporated in
1776, and contains 786 inhabitants.
Marlbokourh, iV^ov, a townfliip
in Ulfter county, New- York on the
weft fide of Hudfon's 'river, north of
Newburgh. It contains 2,241 inhabi-
tants} of whom 339 are electors, and
58 flaVes.
Marlborough, the name of three
townfliips in Pennfylvania, the one in
Montgomery county, and £aft and Weft
Marlborough in Cheftcr county.
Mar in
Marliorovoii, Untt, % tttm ft
Maryland, fituated in Calnrt ^cmttflfm
the eaft fide of PatnMat Hvcr, 14 nUci
fi>uthea(l of Waliington city. Itvon*
tahis about 60 boutiBs, and • wan 'hum
for the InfueAion of tobacco. The li-
ver is navigable for fliipa of bunka far
fome miles above the town.
Marlboroooh, Vfptft the. chief,
town of Prince George*s county, Mary-
land. It is fituated on the fouth-wet
fide of Hatavifit, one of the two princi*
pal branches of Patuxent river. It
contains about iso houfes, « toiut-
houfe, and a ware-bouie for the infpcc-
tion of tobacco. It is 47 miles 8; 8.
W. of Baltimore, and about 1 5 cafttrly
of the city of Wafliington.
Marlow, a towiuhip in Chefliire
county, New-Hamplhirt, iettled in 1 76 19
108 miles from Portfmouth. It coo«
tainh 313 inhabitants.
Marmosets, a harbour in the ifl-
aod of St. Domingo, which may recehre
merchantmen, but the entrance of it ia
remlered difficult by the breakers. It
lies between Cape Rouge and Grand
Port Berhagne.
Mar<^es, a cape on the coaft of
Old-Mexico, or New-Spain in the
South Sea.
MARquBSAS. Thefe iflands are 5
in number, viz. La Magdalena, St. Pe-
dro, La Dominica, Santa Chriftina^ and
Hood's Ifland, fituated in the South Pa-
cific Ocean, l)etween the latitude of 9.
26. and 10. 25 fouth } and between the
longitude of 1 38. 4.7. and 139. 13. weft*
They were firft difcovered bv Mendant
and Quiros, in 1595; and in I774f
Capt. Cook afcertained their fituation
more particularly, which before waB
different in different charts. La Domi-
nica, the largeft, is about 1 6 leagues in
circuit, in lat. 9. 44. Ibnth. Hood's
Ifland was dilcoVereid by Capt. Cook in
1774. The inhabitants, taken cdlleft.-
ively, are, without exception, the fineft
race of people in thefe fens ; and for
good fliapes and regular features they
perhaps furpafs all nations. THey are
tiiought to be of the fame origin as thofe
of Otaheite and of the Society Ifiands.
They have hogs, 'fowls, plantains and
other vegetables and roots; likewife a
few bread-fruit and cocoa trees. North*
north- weft of thcl'e iflands, from 35 t*
50 leagues diflant, are the 7 ifles called.
IngraM/ri's JJks j which fee. '
MARROWYNEt
v
|Q| MAR
MaRiROWTNC, » river of Dutch
^ulwiai Ml 8* Amtricii.
MARtHFiRLD, a townfliip in Ply>
mouth, county, Maflachul'etti, bounded
8. by Duxborough, aod 36 tnilei 8. E.
•f Bofton. I^ wan iiicoiporatcd jin
|640t and opntaini 1169 innabtta^ti<
MAliSHFi|i}.D, a townthip in C%le-
^onif (ounty, io Veimonti a^oining
to CaUi» on the Ni W* and PeacliMm
MARiHrEB, by feveral writera called
fifa/l^pt*, an ancient Indian town in
ainlbble county, Maflachufettii, con-
taining 30S inhauitant*. T^txe i» i^ill
Ml Indian ctiurch hei-e, but not more
than 4.0 or 50 perfons are pure Imliana.
Th'c whole conliits of about 80 familiei,
j^rinclpatiy of a mixed race, being ftSc
ibuU in all. They have greatly de-
created fmcc 1693, vi4ten there were 114.
adulti, btfidts ilragglers in the plan-
tation aiid places adjacent; under the
care of Mr. I^owland Cotton, miniAer
of Sandwich^
Makshy Upfif tjje north- weftem
branch of Nanticoke ^'jver in Maryland.
FederaKburg lies on the £. lide, 13 or
I4.uiilei horn its mouth.
Martha Brae, a imall town hav>
ving a harbour, 7 leagues W. of Mon-
tego Point. It is frequented only by
lucb veflels at lare particularly deitlned
i^ this place. Th^re is a bar with 1 6
or 1 7 fieet water in going in } and tlie
paiTage in coining out between the Tri-
angli^ Rocks is not more tluhi 60 feet
wide with 6{ ur 7 fathoms water. See
Falmouth.
Martha, Rivera St. See Mftgda-
lean.
Martha, 5"^ a province pf Terra
Firma, br Caftile del Oro, in S. Ameri-
ca } bounded N. by the North fea ; E.
by Rio de la Hacha ; S. by New.Gra-
nacla, and W. by the territory of Cartha-
gena. , The air is colder here and more
pure' than in the adjoining countries,
rhc'iv^lies are fertile, and produce
maize, with other grains and fruits,
efpecially oranges, lemons, pine-apples,
grapes, &c. alfo indigo and cochineal,
and foiiie woods for dying. The moun-
tains which are known to failors by the
name of the Snowy mountains of St.
Martha, produce gold, emeralds^ fap-
phires, chalcedonies, jai'pcr, and purious
. marble. On the coafts whtre fmuggling
is carHedi on, are falt-woriU} Ri)d two
M A ft
n«u-I Alheric*. It is abfut 300 milea t»-
length, and »oo in bi etdtb, is t moun>
tainoua country, and in gcntral reckon,
ed the highcll in thU part of the world*
MigiTHA, Su R city IB the province
laft mention«d, w»tb R harbour w the
N. 8ca, at tlie mouth of the Guayra {
about 114 miles N. E. of Carthagena^
It is the refidence of a governor and
biihop. The houl'es aie built with
canes, and are very neat. Its harbour
is large, convenient, and fafe, and the
environs agreeable and fertile. At pre>
fent it .containa* about 3000 iphabitanti,
who carry on an c^Ltenfive rich tj|-adc, and
make great quantities of cottons, ftufts,
&c. with earthen ware, which is much
elleeraed. It has a valu^ible pearl fifh-
ery, in which great numbers of flavee
are employed, whofe dexterity in diving
for the .oyfters it very extraordinary ;
Ibme of whom will remaip for a .quaitcr
of an hour under water, and wil) rili;
with a bafket lull. N. lat. 11. »$. W.
Ipng. 73- 5». ,
Martha's Vineyard, an iflandbf!^
longing to Duke's county, Mafl'achu-
fetta, called by the Indians Nope^ or
Capa-wock, is lituated between 40. 17,
and 41. 19. N. lat. and between 70. ix.
and 70. 50. W. lonz. about ti miles
long and 6 broad, and lies a little to (he
W. (pfNantucket. Martha's Vineyard,
ChalM(|uiddick» Noman's Ifland, and
the Elisabeth Iflands, which contain
about 16,500 acres of valuable land,
conlUtute Duke's county, containing
3,165 white inhabitant^, and between
400 and 500 Indians and ipulattoes ;
who fubfift by agricHlt^re ^pd Afliing.
Cattle ai^d flieep are raifed here in great
numbers ; and rye, corn and oats are the
chief produce of the ifland. White pipe-
clay, and yellow and red oclire are found
in Martha's Vineyard. The ravages of
war were fcvcrely ftrlt in this induitriou^
fpot. In September, 1778, the 3riti(h
made a requifition of their militia arnis^
300 oxen, and sooo (been, which were
delivered up. See Gay titad,
Martick, a town(hip in Lancaller
county, Penufylvania,
Martin, a county of Halifax dif-
trlft, N. Carolina, afljoining Tyrrel,
Halifax, Bertie, and Pitt counties. It
contains 6,q8q inhabitants, of whom
1,889 are flayes.
Martin, Cape St. on the coaft of
I New- Spain oq the North Sea.
' Martxk'j^
. M A R
Martim*!! Si. one of tlw aoithcni*
pnoA of the CuribbM UUadi i (ituated
IntiM AtUntic ocew,* iMtwccn Ansiiilla
on tke noi'tbi from whence it !■ mftunt
^ leaigue Mkl a half, and iit* Barthoto*
mew on the fouth-eaft* 1 5 mllei. It U
about 1 5 Icngue* in circumftrensci with
commodioiit bays «im1 roadi on the fi,
' Iv. fide. Here are good falt.pitti and
lakes of fait water» which run a great
>vay within the laiKi ) but has no frefli
water but what falls from the ctoud» »
and is faved by the inhabitants in cil-
)em». The fait lakes abound in good
fiflii particularly turtle} and i!ie fait
water pools are frequented by vaft num-
bers of birds. In the woods are wild
hogs, turtle-doves, and parrots innumer-
able. Here are fcveral trees producing
J|um8{ and plenty of the candle- tree,
plinters of which, when dry and light-
ed, emit a very fragrant Imell. Its to-
bacco, the chief commodity cultivated,
|s reckoned the beft in the Caribbee
illands. The Spaniards abandoned this
JHand in 1650, and blew up a fort which
they had ere6\ed. The French and
Dutch afterwaaiii ' (hared the ifland be-
tween then^. But ip 1689, were at-
tacked and phimlered by- Sir Timothy
Thotnhill, and in July, 1744, were dri-
yen out by the Britifli forcts, and did Kot
return till after the peace of 1 7 3 , They
|iow enjqy ^bout 35,copacres, out of
the 55,000 which the whole i|Iand con-
tains. The two colonies breed poultry
^nd llieep, which they fell to the other
iflands. They alfo cultivate a little cot-
ton and coffee. About sq years ago the
French part contained 409 white fami-
lies, and ip,ooo Haves. TheDvitch part
no more than 60 families, and about 200
(laves. N. lat. 18,6. W. long. 62. 30.
Martinico, one of the largcft of
the Caribbee iflfunds, fituuted between
)at. 14. and 1 5. N. and in lung. 6 1 . W.
lying about 40 Leagues N. W. of Bar-
badoes,and zz S. by E. of Guadaloupe,
is about 60 miles in length, and 30 in
breadth} containing about 360 fqiixre
miles. The inland. part of it is liilly,
from whicli are poured out on eveiy
iide, a numbe)- of agreeable and ulefui
rivers, which adorn ar)d enrich this i/L
jind in a high degree. The produce'^
the foil is fugar, cotton, iticligo, ginger,
and fuch fruits and produaions as are
f^ound in the neighbouring iflands. But
iugar is herejiUs in all the \VclMadi^
MAI 5«f
iBanit, the principal eonaiaililf* cf
which thcv c^ort a confidcnblt oupi-
titfMnually. Marticleo is Um n6d«iic«
of the govijriMr of the f rcnch i^wnds fay
thaic Mf , |ti bays and harlwura affi
nufncrotwy faf«f and commodious, aiM
well fortiMf It ia divided into »S pa.
ri(hey, which contain about the fan>«
number pf towrta ai)d villages, and ^
principai towns, Fort fto^iii and St.
fierrc. In 1770, it contamed ta,450
white people} 1S14 free blacks or mur
lattoes) 70,553 (laves, and 443 fugt>
tive negroes. Aboyt the liime time it§
firodum were computed at 23 milliou
b. of fugar, 3 million lb. of coffee,
600,000 lb« of cotton, and 40,00a lb. of
cocoa. Foreigners carry off privately
about a lath part of the produce of th^
ifland, and the reft goes to France. This
ifland called Madanina by the ancient
natives, was fettled by the French in
1635. The Britifh reduced it in .1 7 6 s .
but reftored it at the conclufion of peace
in. 1763. . It was again tai^en by r.h« '
9riti(h in 1794.
Martinico, Uttle. See Behia.
Martinsborovgh, a town of N.
Carolina, lituated on theS. fide of Tar
river, and 10 miles alwve Walhington.
Martinsbvrg, apoft townof Vir-
einia, and capital of Berkeley county,
ntuated about 8 miles foiith of the Pa-
towmac, in the midft of a fertile aAd
well cultivated country, and 25, miles
from the mineral furings at Bath. It
won^ins upwards of 70 houfes, a court,
houlc, gaol, and Epifcopal church } and
contiguous to the town is one for Prcf.
byterian^. It is 10 m'llrs from Shep-
herdflown, 30 from Pittfylvania cdtirt-
houfe, 15 fi cm Rocky Mount or Frank-
lin court houfe, la N. £. of Winchef-
tcr, 88 N. N. W. of Alexandria, and
144. from Philadelphia.
Martinville, apod-town, and the
capital of puilford county, in N. Caro-
lina, is agieeably fituatcd on the eaft
fide of BvifF;<loe creek, a bran^i of Haw
river and Contains about 40 houfes, a
court-houfe and gaol. It lies N. E. of
Bell's Mill, at the head of Deep river \
48 miles north-wcfi of Hillfljoroughjji
27 eaft of Salem ; 50 north- ealt of SaliU
bury i 151 weft by fouth of Halifux, and
500 ibuth-wcftof Philadelphia. N. lat.
36. 5. W. long. 79. 43.
It was near this town that General'
Greene an(l Lord Comwallis engaged
in
vt
*'.
"I*-
M
S04 II AK
kom of the trft fought a6lion» in the
Me#ar,on the isthof March, 1781:
and- atthough the American* were drf-
vm off the field, the BritHW (viffertd i .
grcst toft, that they coukl not piirrue
the viAory. The greateft part of the
country in which tm action happened,
was a wildemefs, with a few cleared
lields interfperfed. The American ar-
my, when the afVion commented, wa»
poftcd on a riling ground ab6ut a mile
and a half from Guilford c^urt-houfe.
Marylaitd, oneof tlie United States
ef America, lies between lat. 37. 56.
and 39. 44. N. and between 75. 8. and
79. 38. W. long. It is about 134
viles in length, and no in breadth, and
contains 14,000 fquare miles, one-fourth
-cf which is water. It is bounded N. by
Pcnnfyivania} E. by Delaware State,
and the Atlantic ocean; S. and W. by
VlrgilKa : and is divided into 19 coun-
ties, 1 1 of which ai-e on the Wefiern and
S on the Eajtept (hore of Chelapealc
fcay. Thofe o<> the Wefltm Jhore aie
Hartford, Baltimore, Ann Arundel,Fre.
deride, Alleghany, Waftiington, Mont-
wmery,' Frinct George, Calvert,
Charles, and St. Mary''s, which contain
si»,ot9 inhabitant) ; thofeon the£iX/7-
€T*jbon are Cecil, Kent, Queen Ann,
Caroline, Talbot, Somerl'et, Dorchefter,
aqd Worcefter; containing 107,639 in-
Iiimtants. The whole number of inha-
bitaatt in the State being 319,718 ; of
whom 103,036 are flaves. Each of the
coonties lenus 4 reprefentatives to the
iKMife of delegates ) heftdes which the
city of Annapolis, the metropolis, and
the town of Baltimore fend two each.
The chief towns of the State, befides
tliefe two, are Georgetown bordering
on the city of Wafliington on the river
Patowmack, Frederick town Hagarf-
town apiJ Elkton. The city of Wafli-
ington, or the Federal City, was ceded
by the State of Virginia and Maryland,
to the United States, and by them efta-
blilhv'd as the feat of their government,
ifter the year 1800.
Chefaipeak bay, which divides this
State into eaftem and weftem iiivifions,
% the largcft in the United States.
From the eaftern fliore in Maryland}
among other fmaller ones, it receives
Pokomoke, Namicoke, Choptank, Chef-
tcr and Elk rivers. From the noith, the
rapid Sufquehannah ; and from the weit,
PatapfcO) Sevcmi Patuxcnt auid PatQ-
M AR>
/¥
mak, half of which is in Maryland, and
half in Virginia. Exceptthe Surqiiehan-
nah and Patomak, theic are fmairrivers.
The faee of the country is unitbrmly
level and low in moft of the counties on
the eailem fliore, and confequently co«
vered.in many places, with Aagnant wa-
ter, except where it is interfefied by nu«
merous creeks. Here alfo ^e large
trails of marfli, which, during the day,
load the atmofphere With vapour, tltat
falls in dew, in the clofe of the fummer
and fall ieafons, which are fickly. The
ipring and fummer are ;moft healthy.
Wheat and tobacco are the ftaple com-
modifies. In the interior country, on
the uplands, confiderable quantities of
hemp and flax aie railed i
The inhabitants, except in the popu-
bus towns, live on their plantations oft-
en I'everal miles dillant from each other.
To an inhabitant of the middle, and ef-
pecially of the euflem States, which ar^
thickly peopled, they apjiear to live re-
tired and un(bci;J lives. The negrods
Cerform all the manual labour. The in-
abitants oF the populous towns, and
thole from the cuuntty who have inter-
courle with them, are in their manner^
and cuftoms genteel and agreeable.
The inhabitants are made up of vari-
ous nations of many different religious
fentiments; tiew general bbfervations,
therefore of a chara£leriftical kind, will
apply. It may be laid, however, with
g;eac truth, that they are in general,
very federal, and friends to {-ood govern-
ment. They owe little money as a
State, and are willing and able to dif-
charge their debts. 1 heir credit is very
good \ and although they have fo great
a proportion of flaves, yet a number of
innyential gentlemen have evinced their
humanity and their difpofition toabolilh
lb difreputable a traflic, by forming
themielves into a fociety for the aboli*
tion of negio flavery.
The trade of Maryland is principally
carried on from Baltimore, with the
the other States, with the Weft-Indies,
and with Tome parts 6f Europe. To
thete places they lend annually about
30,000 huglheads of tobacco, beiides
large quantities of wheat, flour, pig-
iron, lumber and corn— beans, pork,
and flax- feed in fmail quantities: and
receive in return, cloathing for them-
fclves and negroes, and other dry goods,
wiitKS, fpirits, Aigars, ind other Weft-
r. P»g-
pork,
s: and
them-
goodsi
Wert-
It A&
India commoditiea. The balance Uge-
neraliy in their favour.
The total amountof ex-
ports from Baltimore in DtBars. Qj,
1790 wat - - t»oi7,777 64
Value of imports ibr
the iame year, - - s*94'5il$9 55
' t79i r- ' s**39i^90 9^
1791 - - s,6s3,8oS 31
179 J - - ^f665,0S5 50
1794. - - 5,68(,i90 50
1795 - - 5>Si>*j79 55
In the year 1791} the quantity of
wheat exported wat ao5»57i bufliels—
Indian com io5»64) do.— buck-wheat
4,ittf^do.— peaa, 10,619 do. belidea
151,44); barrels of wheat flour, 4,3*5
do. Indian meal, 6,761 do. bread, and
3,104 ke^ of crackers.
The Roman Catholics, who were the
firft fettlcrs m Maryland, are the moft
numerous religious feft. Befides thefe,
there a.-e Protefllant Epifcocalians, Eng.
lifli, Scotch, and Iriih rre(byterians,
German Calvinifts, German Lutherans,
Friends, Baptifts, Methodifls, Mennon-
iftt, Nicdites or new Quakers { who
all enjoy liberty of confcicnce. The
feminanes of learning are as follow:
Wa/bingtvH Academf^ m Somerfet coun-
ty, which was inftituted by law in 1 779.
UraflUngm College^ inftituted at Chef-
tertown, in Kent county, in 1782. By
a law enafted in 1787, a nermanent
itind was granted to this it^ftitution of
II sol. a year, currency. St. Jolm*s
CcJiegevn* inftituted in 1784, to which
a permanent Hiind is afligned, of 1750I.
a year. This college is to be at Anna-
polia, where a buiVime is now prepared
for it. Very liberal fubfcriptions were
obtained towards founding and carry-
ing on thefe feminaries. The two
colleges conftitute one univerfity, by
the name of * the Univerfity of Mary-
land,* whereof the governor of the
State, for the time being, is chancellor,
and the principal of one of them, vice-
chancellor. The Roman Catholics have
alfo ere£led a college at Georgetown,
on Patowniac river, for the promotion
of general literature. In 1785, the
Methodifls inftituted a college at Abing-
ton, in Hartfoitl county, by the name
of Cokclbury college*
The legiilature of this State is com-
pofed of two ditthi£t branches, a Senate
and Houfe of Delegates, andftyied, The
General Aflcmbly of Maryland. On
MAR 30$
the fteond Monday in Nofinbcr, aa^
ally, a governor is app^tad by Um joi|lk .
baUot of both hoofta. The fofcnNC
cannot continue in office lonfer than
three years fticceffivdiy.
Maryland wm granted bv fciiM^
Charles I. to George Calvert, Muron of
Baltimore, In Irelanid, |une so, t6|s.
The government of the province wuhf
Charter, veftcd in the proprietary, m
the year 1689, the govemnient w»* la-
ken out of the hands <tf lord BalHinoM».
by the grand convention of England a
and in 1 69s, Mr. C<mely was ufointed
governor, by commidiun from WilUaa^
and Mary. In 1 091, the Protcftant re-
ligion was eftabiifiied by law. Ill i7i6»
the government of this province was re«
ftored to the proprietary, and contiattM
in his hands, till the late revolution*
when, though a minor, hia profieily in
the lands was confifcatcd, «i>d the fo-
verhment afliimed by the freemen of the
province, who, in 1776, formed th«
conftitutien now exifting. At the doih
of the war, Henry Hufoid, Efq. iht
natural fon and heir of lord Baltimon^
petitioned the legiflature of Mafyhnd»
ibr his eftate{ but his petition was not
granted. Mr. Harfenl eftimated his
lofs of quit-nnts, valued at iwen^
years purchafe, and indtiding arrears, at
/t59,488 1 5 t 0, dollara a yf j > aw l
the value of his manors and referved
lands, at ^3*7,441, of the fame money.
Maryland Point, is ^ormed bv a
bend in Patowmac river, W. of Fort
Tobacco.
Mart, St. a port on the footh fido
of thie Bay of Fundy.
MaryGi^, St. is the moft firuth*
rm promontory of Brazil, in South*
America.
MhRy, Cfipe St. the point of land
which forms ttus ncnhem fide of the
mouth of La Plata river in Paraguay or
La Plata, in South-America. S. lat.
35. 14. W. long. 55. 3«i
Mary, Cape St. forma the Ibuth*
eaftem head land at the mouth of Pla-
centia Bay, Newfoundland Itland.
MARY'a RiV£R, St. a branch of the
Miami, which empties into Lake Eric.
See Cirtys tonun.
Mary's River, ^t. forma a part
of the fouthern boundary line of ths
United States. It in part divides Geor*
gia from Eaft. Florida, and ia vsry ereok-
M, with a wide open marftk «a csdi fide.
f^ itf iQoutk upwvd» 40 mUe««
D^iteM tte mum it tkniitltlted by thick
^MOdl. It Is W»W Aliaight iW so mil^t
^h«ii',<(ptOifAMV, kr. Indian traaer
ikHht heM b^ ItaVig^oni wliere it it
like a dead a-eck» 4 Tkthoma deep, and
r| rdds %ide. It rifet in tlie great
OKaibnbkft 6t fekanfanoga fwamp>
^tth ettends ^Uthwajdly into £aft-
Floildii. ]ft ii thought to be whkt it
dtlled \ilny KVet, dTrcovered by Jibn
KibalV, in tsSi Between this, and
KiJfilo tlter» lies the W even coaft of
AAttlic Iftand. The harbours of both
rtven U* tpaciotili, but St. "Mary's is the
^1t. tth^i^ ftA of wHter at low
fbrtn^ riden . Tt fims a courfe of 1 50
miies, ^d tbiUrt the ocean between the
ffiUXAi Of Amelift and Talbert's iflands,
ih Att. 10. 44. and >* navigable for vef-
fttk 1^ tonmlerftbl^ burden for 90 miles.
Iti ^Jdks afford IrRmenfe quantities
<i[ Ase tirtibfer, fuited to the Weft- In.
dhi itfatket. Alone this river, every
4 or 5 mffel, are b^ffs convenient for
fC^s tb haol ti6 and load.
MAiLV's, St. a pott-town and port
df fcntry of Georgia, fituated on St. Ma.
^*s river, a fiew miles from its mouth.
R is a fmaA place* and has little trade.
It is t »9 miles Ibuth of Savannah. N.
I|t. 30, 45. W. long. 79. x».
MAftY*8, St. a county of Maryland,
tfi the peninfulabetyreen Patowmac and
Patuxefit rivers, 39 miles in length,
atnd IS in breadth. It contains 1 5,544
ihhfe'bitantt } of whom 6,985 are
Aaves.
Mabanbtte, Poititt on the fouthem
Mt of Chaleur Bay, Kes about W. by
N. above a league and a half ^m Ca-
raguil Tfland, oetween which and the
illttid runs the main channel.
Masco MY*, a coniiderable pond in
Nev^'Hampfhire, in the fouth Weftern
Ert of Grafton county, lying partly in
bimoh and paitly in Enfield town-
iitps. Thjs pond is from 30 to 40 fa-
thoms deep. The lurrounding land
bears evident marks, that the furtace of
this pond wad onc6 30 or 40 fleet higher
' than its prefent level. By what caufe
Ate Alteration was made, and at what
time, is unknown $ bat appearances in.
dicate a fudden rupture, there being no
ftpi of any mai^in between it« former
ind prefent height. About a mite dif-
(ttnt m>m its mtlift, there is a declivity
4f rtdkst i^ fieet higher than the ftccam^
n A #
ai it now runs» By lk» 4iliMtio« of
thefe rocks, it appcan that thdy «Mre
once a fall, over whifch the water ilot^.
ed) butitiiatnewmadcforiticlfavery
tletp channel* through folid earth, near-
Iv a mile in length, where it leeHa»c«in*
fined for futurity. ^ ,
Masca VTBNs, an Indian nation who
inhabit on Lake Michigan, and between
that and the Miflifippi. The number
'dP waiTiors, 400.
Mashbct. Set Hancock's Rivtr*
Mason, a county of K*<ntucky, on
the fouthem fide of Ohio river. It con>
tains 3,a67 inhabitants* of wham aoS
are flaws.
Masok* a townflilp in Hillfborough
county* New>Hamplhire, mi the MalUi-
chufetts line, about 70 miles weft «f
Portfmouth, and 50 N. W. of Bofton.
It was incorporated in 17(1* and con-
tains 9SX innnbitams.
Mas<^b Pocoha, a jurifdiAion of
Charcas m Peru* extending aboye 30
leagues. Its air is hot* but not too
great for vine*. The city of the fame
name, where riie bifhop oSi Santa Craa
de la .Sierra refides, is wry thiidy inha>
bited ) but there are in other parts of
the jurifdifUon, feveral populous towns.
It produces all kinds of grain and
fhiits I honey and wax conftitute a prin.
cipal part of its trade.
Masques, or Gbilques and Mafyuts,
ajurifdiaionc^Ctifco, an Peru* which
begins about 7 or 8 leagues from Cufce,
extending about 30 in length. See
Cbilmust
Massac, a fort built by the French,
on the north-weftem fide of the Ohio*
about 1 1 miles txlow the mouth of Ten.
neflee river. .Its remains fbind on a
high bank, in a healthy agreeable fitu-
at ion.
MASSACHUSETTS Pref$r, (which
with the Diftrift of Maine conftitutes)
one of the United States of America, is
fituated between lat.4T. 13. and 43. 5a.
north, and between bng. 69. 57. afid
7^. 38. weft. Its greateft length is 190
miles, its greateft breailth 90 miles ; and
is bounded north by Vermont and New.
Hampfhire* call by the Atlantic Ocean,
(buth bv the Atlantic, Rhode -Idand and
Cotmeaicut* weft by New- Vw k . Mai-
fachufetts is divided into the following
counties, whofe polls, proportion < f the
pubKc taxofXtvOoo* and number uf
(snators in 1791, were as follows 1
Folk.
M A$
o: istull
5 J 91 il>i
6.1s: SU
«: 6: 5* »
50SI3110I ««
131 17 t
3: It
S74» SuJi)H( ;C*98>(4> 9i
4i4* Norfolk 6S 1 17 i 3
keiQ9§ Mid4krex 1041131 4i
I39t» IIani|»(hir« iittiS: o|
i376» WorccAitr 1*71 5:
69 IS Plymouth 591 91
37 S9 ]Barnftabl< »o
763 Puke's county
si»T & Nantucket
6547 BriAol 53:19: 6
6165 Berkihirt S«: 3: 3
64S4 York S9« "« 9
5713 Cumbcrlaad 43
6349 Lincoln
1967 Hancock
493 Wafliington
The 5 eountiea of the Diftrtfl of Maine
included in the above) belong to Mafla-
chufetts. The town of Bofton is rated
at 3)^31 poUsf and !« to pay ^91 : 16 : 8|
on th. ^1000. From the above Iche-
duU) fitme opinion may be formed of
the fuppofcd valueof tlie rateable eftates
in each county. A committe of the
eeneral court itpytted the above in
June, 1793} which repoit was referred
to their next feffion. The population
amounts to 378,787 fouls* about 60 for
every fquare mile. This ia the only
State in the; Union in which there are no
ilaves. Slavery was aboliflied by the
legiflature fome years ago. The weft-
ern part of this State is foniewhat moun-
tainous and hilly. ' See New ttngland.
Wachuliitt mountain in Princetown>
^Vorcefler county, is 2989 feet above
the level of the fea, and may be fecn 67
miles. InMaflachufetts are to be lound
alt the varieties of foil, from very good
to very bad, capable of yielding all the
diiferent produ^ions common to the
climate, fuch as Indinn corn, rye, wheat,
harley« oats, hemp, flax, hops, potatoes,
field beans, and peas, apples, pears,
peaches, plums, cherries, &c. That
part of the State whicii is diftinguifhed
by the name of the Old or Plymouth Co-
leayt including the counties of fiarn-
itahle, Duke's, Nantucket, Briftol and
PIvtnouth, in point of foil, is the poor-
eft part of the State, being generally
I'andy and light, interfperfed, however,
with many excellent tm&i of land.
The northern, midiUe, and weftern parts
of the State have, generally fpeaking, a
lirong, ^ood foil, adapted to gi'azlng
and gram } very Giailar to the foil of
m
Nevr-HniiyOiirc am} V^nrnMQi
(fde, u4 to tM of IMt-ManA umI
C^antAicvt 00 the othwr. IthwlNiW
obferved that the effii^a <a(,ii^;itfg
windff extend fartKir )oiwid d^Nft %?
meWy, ami injure the tender firiutR,.|||f*
ticularly t^e pcacb»and even thf.mfif
hardy uipk. The^venife produ^e^
the good lands, MveU cultiv^, iHM-bt^
eftimatedas follows 1 4^bt»(htl/i 9f,9am
on an acre, 30 of barley, ao oif wJM^t^
30 of rye, 100 of |^toes. Thf 1^^
commodities of thia State are fii|i».])(^
lumber, &c. , , ^ ;j ^^^
The country U well watered bf «
number of fmall rivers, fome of ytViffk
fill into Connecticut river, which psdi^
foutherly through the weft part m ti^f
State} othirs run northward to Nfqnii
mack river, which enters from Neiv*
Hamplhire atul waters the ncnth-ea^
comer of the State; others pafi jntQ
Connecticut and Rhode- Ifland f Myfljidk
and Charles rivers fall into Bofton iu^{
others fall into the Atlantic Qcea» ii|
diiferent parts of the fea-.coaft, Th«
chief capes are Ann* Cod, .Mahifa«ur|
Poge, Gay Head, &c. The raoft noted
bays areMaftachjufetts, tpfwich, Boftrai^
Plvniouth, Barnftable^ and Buzaard*s,
There are many other bayy of lefs note*
Tlie chief iflaods are Pl[un|b'J(iand|
Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, BUfftr
beth-I^ands, and ntunerous fntall iflea
in Bofton &iy.
The chief iron manutaAures in thit
Slate are defcribed in the account of
Plymouth and Briftolcountiei, and tlieir
towns Taunton, Bridgewater, Mid^^
borough, &c. where nalU have, bfaeii
made m fuch quantities as to prevent, in
a great meafure, die importation of them
from Great-Britam. Nail making was
not an objeCl of confiderafble attention^
tmtil the general court bid a duty oa
imported nails of ev;.'ry fize. Tl^isioon
" gave nerves to the arm, and motion
to the hammer ; and from 400. to 500
nails indifferently made by one hand in
one day, looo are now well made in the
Came time." The machine invented by
Caleb Leach of Plymouth, will cut and
head 5,000 nails in a day, under the
direction of a youth of cither fex.
There is a machine for cutting nails aC
Newbury-Port, invented by Mr. Jacob
Perkins, which will turn out Iwo bufi'
dred tkoufand nails in a day. The nails
ai'c faid to have a decided fuperlority
U a owt
)ot MAS
•Mr ^fi» of Bii||ifli imattAAure, lad
ire Ibid so percent, cheaper. Thereaic
dock ninniraftoriee at BdAolk, SaloUf
Manrhill and 8prin|;fieM, which are ic
apronifihgway. Kuurafaftorietofcot.
Mnand #ooilen have been attempted with
varkrat fncceft at Beverley* Worcefter,
Boften and Newbury. There are in this
(Biaie upwards of ao paper>iniIU) which
make more than 701000 reams of wri*
ting I prtntingt and wrapping paper, an-
liaa%. It wa« eftimatcd in 179a* that
/ao»c JO worth of paper was yearly made
by thejie mills. The other manufaftories
far c o tt on and wod cards, playing cards,
flioeSi hce, wirei &c. are noticM under
tiK dcfcription of Bofton, Lynn, Ipfwich,
Dsdham, &e. There are feveral fiiufF,
oil, chocobteand powder nUUs fat differ-
ent parts of the Sttte, and a number of
iroQ-woiks and flitting-mills, befides
edier mills, in cqmmon u(e for fawing
himberk grbidlng grain,3nd f ullingcloth .
Therewerein i7j(i» 6xdiftilleries in this
State, employed in difttUing from foreign
materials. One millit-in, nine hundred
tlMnifinid grilons have beendiftilled in one
tear, which at a duty of 1 1 cents a gal<
lent yields a revenue to the government
of ao9,obo dollars. There are indeed
few articles which are eflentially neccf.
fary, and minifter to the comfort aikl
convenience of life, that are not manu-
6Aured in this ftate. This Common-
wealth is remarkable fiar its literary,
hiatiane and other fiKieties, vidiich are
noticed in their proper placet.
The militia of^M aiTachuietts is com-
pofed of all the able bodied white male
citiiens from it to 45 years of aee, ex-
cq>ting fhtnfi the enrolment« withmthele
ans, dergy, fchool-malters, civil officers
of importance, either Under the State or
federal government, and alfo thofe who
have heM any military ComLiifion what-
iiver The whole is formed into 10 divi-
(loni,and »i brigades, Ittidcfnififtsof 8«
rdghnenti of innntry ; 4! troops com-
p^ng IS fquadrons or battalions 9f ca-
valry, and 36 companies of artillery, ge-
nerally two to each brigade. Thele^ to-
gether, compole a body of about-||f>,o(:o
infantry, a, 006 cavalry, and 1^*5^0 ar-
tillery t the latter are himilhed with 6e
field-pieces, and with tumbrils and ap-
paratus complete. This State, including
the Pldrjft of Maine, owns more Unn 3
times as many tons of fhipping as any
other of the States, and mere than one
MAS
third part of the whole that bdongt to
the united States. Upwards of 89,000
tons are employed in carryii^on the fidi-
eries | 46,000 in the coafhng bufinefs*
and 96,564 m trading with afan^ all
parts of the workl. Pot andjpearl afhes,
flaves, flax-feed, bees wax, 6e. are car-
ried chiefly to Great- Britain, in remit-
tance for tneirmanufiiAures { maftrtpro-
vtfions,&c. to the Eaft- Indies} fi<h,oil,
beef, pork, lumber, candles, fee. are car-
ried to the Weft- Indies (pr their produce,
and the two firft articles, fifh and oil, to
France, Spain, 8e Portunl ) roots, vege-
tables, fruits, and fmalimeats, to Nova-
Scotia and New-Brunfwick } hats, fad-
dlery, cabinet-work, men^s and women's
fhoes, nails, tow-Cloth, barley, hops,
butter, cheefe,&c. to the fimthemStates.
The value of exports in the year ending
Sept. 30, 1 791, was a,445i975 dollars
53cents~in 179a, a,S89,9aa dollars—
>n 1793, 3,676,4i«doIlars,and ini794
~~5»3 80,70 3 dollars. For an account of
the climate, ice. fee New-Eugland. The
chief towns of this State, befides Boftonji
the metropolis, are Salem Newbury-
Port, Charleflown* Worcefter, North-
ampton, Springfield, &c.
Ma ssach vsktts, Fortt ftands on the
north>weftem comer of the State of its
name, in N. Iat4a. 41. 30. 19 miles N.
E. by N. of Pittsfield, and todueE.of
Lanftnburgh city, in New- York S*ate.
Massachusetts Ssmm/, on the N.
W. coafl of North- America, is fituated
on the fouthem fide of the Quadras Ifles,
and leads from the W. into Nootka
Soimd along the N. fideof Kenrick's Ifl-
and whofe eaftern fide forms, with Point
Breakfaft, the mmith of Nootka Sound.
Massacre River pafles out of the
Straits of Maeellan S. W. into the fup-
poied channel of St. Barbara, which
cuts through the ifland of Terra del
Fuego, through which, we are inform-
ed, Capt. Mareanille of Marfeilles pafl-
ed in 1713 into the^uth Pacific Ocean.
Massacre Rivera on the j^. fide of
the ifland of St. Domingo, falls into the
bay of Mamcenilla ; which fee.
Massacre, a fmall ifland on the
coaft of Welt-Florida, a miles to the
eaHward of Horn Ifland) 10 miles
from the main land, all the way acrofs
there is ft-gm a to 3 fathoms ; except
the Shoal called La Grami Bature, which
ftrctches a league from the main land,
with a or 3 feet water on it, and in ibme
places
MAT
!»1«cet not fo iMnch. Behind h It a
trge hXf called L*Ance de la Orand
Bature, t pnilea K. of Pafcagoula Bluff.
See DoMfUn I/atul,
MAssAFtTBRO, an tfland in tne S.
Pacific Ocean, called bv the Sp? .iiard<
the Lefler Juan Fernandes, aa leagues
W. by 8. of the Greater Juan Feiiian-
det* It haa always been reprefented by
the Spaniards as a barren rock, witliout
wood, water or provifKms. But Lord
Anfon found this to be a political fialfity,
alTerted to prevent hoflile vefll-Is from
touching there. There is anchorage on
the N nde in deep water, where a ftiu
l^le (hip may be flieltered clofe under
the fltore, but is expufed to all winds
except the fouth. According to Capt.
Magee of the fliip Jefferfon, it is 38
leagues to the weftward of Juan Fer-
nandes, and in about 33. 39. S. lat. and '
St. W. long, from Greenwich.
MAasANVTEN^s Rwer, a weftem
branch of the Shenandoah.
Massedan Baj^t on the N. Pacific
Ocean) and W. coaft of Mexico, is d-
tuated between Acapuico and Aquacara,
a port near the cape of California, where
Sir Thomas Cavendifh lay after he had
paflTed the Straits of Magellan.
Mase v's-To WN, in the N.W. Ter-
ritory, ftands on the northern bank of
Ohio river, between the rivers Little
Miami and Sciota.
Massy's Cross Roads^ in Kent
county, Maryland, is N. E. of New
Market, S. E. of George-Town, and S.
by W. of SalTafraS'Town, a little more
than 5 miles from each.
Mast Bty, on the north fide of the
illand of Jamaica, in the N. W. part.
It is eaftward of Montego Bay, and
near the ihelf of rocks that lies from the
iliore, called Catlings Cliffs.
Masticx Gut, on the S, W. fide
of the iiland of St. Chriftopher's in the
W. Indies, is between Mohne's Gut 00
the N. W. and Godwin's Gut on the
ibuth<caft.
Mastigon, a river which nms weft-
ward into LakeMichiean, about 1 1 miles
north of La Grande Riviere. - It i& 150
yards wide at its mouth..
Matai PoMt, on the northern fide
of the ifland of Cuba, and 9 leagues N.
W, ofCapeMaify.
Mataca, or ittmtacat is a commo-
dious bay on the N. coaft of the ifland
9f Cub», where the galleons ufualty
MAT
come to take in frcfh water on thel^ re*
turn to Spain, about it leagues finub'tiii
Havannah. It appears to bv tile fmt
as Matanxe, in lat. t}. it. N. long. tt.
16. W. Peter Heyn todc a g|[eatpait df
a rich fleet of Spaniih'galwuiis nere^t
i6a7.
Mataia, a province of 8. America*
towards the river Amaion, between tlfe
motith of Madeira and Tapaiia rivnrs.
MataNca, or Matuuieirs, a fliortand
broad river of E. Fforida which fisira In-
to the ocean fouth of St. Augoftine.
Matanchel, a fea-porton the weft
coaft of New Mexico, aoout to leaguct
to the N. E. of the rocks of Pontequet
over which, in clear weather, may be
feen a very high hill, with a bfeak oil
the top,ialled the hill of Xalifcoi anft
may b^feen 8 or i; leagties from the port*
Matanb, a river of Canada, m Vf,
Anierica, the motith of which is capa>.
ble of admitting veffels of tob tons bui^
den. All this coaft, efpecially near
this river, for to leaeues, abounds in cod^
which might employ 500 fhallops ot
fiOiing fmacks at a time. The n(h is
very fine, and fit for exportation to the
Straits, Spain, and the Levant, Great
numbers of whales have been alio fesn
floating upon the water, which may be
ftruck with a harpoon, and ^roVfs a very
valuable fifhery. v
Matanzas, or Matancf, alari^bay
on the noith iide ot the i(land of Cuba^
14. league's fourh-eaft of the Havannah,
but Tome accounts lay so leagues. From
Cai>e Q<*>banico to this bay the coaft is
Wi N. W,
Matavia Bay, or Port Royal Bofy
is iltuated within Point Venus near the
N. part of the iHnnd of Otahcite, hut
open to tbe N. W. and in the South
Pacific Ocean. The eatt fide of the bay
has good anchorage in 14. ami 16 ia-
thorns. S. lat. 17. 29. W. long. 149.
30. and the vanution of th6 compafii 3*
34.. eafl.
Matchadock Btrfy ii> the ^aftera*
moft part of Lake huron.
Mathanon Pc/*, in the fouth-eaft
part of the ifland of Cuba, is one cf
thofe ports un that coaft which aftbrd
good anchorage for fttips, but without
any ufe for want of them. It is between
Cape Cruz and Cape Maizi, at the eaft
end of the ifland.
Matheo River, in E. Florida, w
5/. 7«i&/fVi which fee.
U 3 MATHEW9
fid MAT
Matbiwb. fyft, ftamU |Mp tlM oft.
•mfid* of Oconee nvcri in tho $. tmft.
^n^Mf^of Fraaklm county, Ocorgw.
■: • /Mi*TH|Wt) a county oiF yirginiat
>oiqiiim W. b]r Glouccftcr, from which
. j^ MM uiun iincc 1790 } lying 00 the
W. inore of the Bay of Chefapeak. It
,$l»i^l)(>ui il milcc in lengths and fix in
l^eadth.
. MAT<CAi.O|C Rivtr, on the W. coaft
ifil^w Mexico, ia 7 leagues from Ca-
.t^^^rand, or the port of Sanfonatc.
It i^ orach exPoiiBd to nonhcrly winda»
%ixl it known oy feme fmall but high
]^1a th«t are owofite, tflk it. Then is
«norher large river to the weftwanl of
it, about 4 leagues, which has % fa-
llioins upon the bar ) and from thence to
IIm bar of Eftapa it it 1 5 leagues.
. MATitDA, a village of Vuginia, fi-
tqated pa the fouth>weft bank of Patow-
nac river, above Walhington city, and
near the Great Falls.
~ JJlikTiHicvt j(/Uu$iltt on the coaft of
|4«iiie< When you pafs to the weft of
tbefe iflands, the main pafl'age from the
fea to Pcnobtcot Bay lies about N. by
W' Martinicus lies N. lat. 43. 56.
W. long. 68. ao.
n Matta de BKAZit, a town in the
captainlhip of Pernambuco, in Braxii ;
•bout 9 leagues from Olinda. It is very
populous ', and quantities of Bi'aiil are
4fat from this couniry to Europe.
Mattapony, a navigable river of
Virginia j. which rifes in Spottiylvania
county, and running a S. £. courle, joins
Pamunky river, below the town of De
la War, and together form York river.
Thi* river will admit loaded floats to
downer's Bridge, 70 miles above its
mouth.
Mattes, on the eaft coaft of South-
America, in the fouth Atlantic Ocean,
!i iQ Ut. 45. 5. fouth, and long. 64. 15.
weft,
Mattneo ^/UmJ, St. or St, Mat-
tbrtui'j I/land, in the S. Atlantic Ocean.
S. kt. 1. 14.
Matthevit's Bayt St. in the Gulf of
Mexico, on the W. ihpre of Campearliy
<*ulf, is more than 100 leagues to the
K. of Tumbei.
Matthews, St. or Mottheo Bayt on
the coaft of Peru, on the N. Pacific
Ocean, is 6 leagues to the N. E. by E.
from Point Galera, and 5 or 6 leagues
S. S. W. from the river Si^ Jago, be.
tween which there is anchorage aU the
M A V
way, if ^ips keep at laaft:< in 6^ Mioms
watei . It is all high htiA with hollow
red crags, and feveral poiota run out,
forming good retreats for ftiipa driven
in by h|ird i^ualls and flawa frof» the
hill^ and by the f««s nu^^g bi^,
which often hsppen.
Mavoeiiville, a townftitp in Sup-
bury county, province of New-Brunf-
wick, fituated on St. John's river, op>
uoftte St. Ann's, and 30 mites above
Bellifle.
MaUra. See Socittj J/UmJs,
Maurepas, an ifland on the north*
eaft coaft of Lake Su)ierior, and N. £.
of Ponchartrain ifland,
Maurepas, a lake in W. Florida,
which conuuunicates weftward with
MiiHfippi river, through the Gut of Ib-
bervilk, and eaftward with Lake Pon-
chartrain. It is 10 miles long, 7 broad,
and has 10 or i a feet water in it. The
country round it is low, and covered
with cyprefs, live-oak, myrtle, &c.
Two creeks fall into this lake, one from
the north fide, called Nattabanie, tm
other from the peninliila of Orleans.
From the IbberviUe at its junAion with
Maurepas to the tiver Amit is 39 miles,
and from thence, following the Ibber-
viUe, to the MiflSfippi at the W. fide of
the peninfula of Orleans, 11 miles.
From the Ibbcrville acrofs the lake, it is
7 miles to the paflage leading to Pon-
chartrain. The length of this pai&ac
is 7 miles, and only 300 yards in width,
which is divided into two branches by
an ifland that extends from Maurepas
to about the diftance of a mile h'om
Poncbarti'sin. The fouth channel is
thedeepeft and fliurteft. The paflage
thence through Lake PoncharU:aiii, to
the Gulf of Mexico, is above fifty
miles.
Mavrepas IJUmd, mi the coaft of
Cape Bi-eton, the lame as the JJk Ma-
dame \ which fee.
Maurice iloy, on th« W.. fldc of
Cape Farewell Ifland, or S^ extremity
of £. Greenland, and the principal har-
bour of that Tea.
Maurice, Port, on the E. coaft of
Terra del Futgo Ifland, is on the Vf,
ftioi-e of Le Maii-e Straits, between that
iOend and Staten Land on the E. and
N. of the bay of Good Success. It is
'a Cmali cove, having apcherage beibre
it in laf fathoms, aboil t half a mile from
the ihore, ojifer coral .j;-ocIs^)^.
Maurice
AT
r?'
lA i c
ff^
MAvmeiH^Hrt'itlicmmeofaplitee lor Amaxoni Many of titein iir9_ \ia^
in Cumberland cOanty, Neww|erfty. larffe and podufout. / '
Mavricb JIttMPri mfoiineinaDttaHed
corruptly Mtrritt ti^ in Qlotieett«r
county I New.Jerfty, and runs. f«atl>
wardly about 40 mile*, and cfnptiM into
Delaware Biy j is navigable for Tefllth
of 100 torn ao miiei, ami for fmidl craf^
confVlerably fuither.
Maxantalla I/UriU, ia near the
port of Matanchel on the W. C9*ft of
New-Mexico, and on the north Pacific
Ocean.
May, Ca^, themoftfbuiherlypohit
of land of the State of New-Jerf«^, and
the N. point of tite entrance into Dela-
Wrare Bay and river, in lut. 39. and
long. 74. 56. W. The time of high
water on fprins^-tide days, is a quarter
before nine o'eloclc.
' May County, CW/*. See Ctfpe,
May Point, on the fouth fide of
. Newfoundland lAand, a point of the pe-
ninfula between Fortune and Plactiitia
Bays. '. ■•;••.>.■■■
Mayaguana, one of the Bahama
{(lands in the Weft-Indies, and the fame
with Maranella» and in lat. as. 51. N.
at the N. point, ami long. 74. 57. W.
MAYrxELO, atQwn(hi|p in Montgo-
mery co. New- York, adjoinhig Broad -
abin on the vircftwani, taken fromCaugh -
nawaga, and incorporated in 1793.' In
1796, ia6 of its inhabitahta were qua-
lified cldRors.
May's Lid, in Mafon's county, Ken-
tucky, a fait fpringon a branch ot Lick-
ing river, 9 miles S.S.W. of Walhing-
ton, on the fouth bank of the Ohio, and
15 northerly of the Blue Licks.
Maynas, a government, formerly
the eaftem limit of the juriidiftion of
Quito in Pera, and joining on the eaft to
the governments of Quixos and Jaen de
Braeamoros. In its territory are the
fourecs of thofe rivera, which after tra-
verfing a vaft extent, form, by their con
iluence, the famous river of the Ama-
Mayo R$1kr^ <m thfe eaft flimt of t|i»
Gulf of California, and Wt^ codl'W
New Vlfbay, hi the toiovince.of tfkl^
naroe« forms a fpaciquS Dty «tlts; i|iga(V»
in lat. s7. 4d.Vt. and l^nlf; 114. W.
Ma YZi, the eaftem ctft tf the'ttteMA
of Cuba, and the weftrrn point of tl^
windv^ard paflage. N. lat, zq, 1^40.
W. l<mg. fironi Paris 78; 40* ^6.' St»
Math. *•>-,/ ' '
MaXaltan> a provltic^of Me^co*
or New Spam. ItisweH wat«W!dHtM
Alvarado, which dilbl^^rgei itfrlf % 3
navigable mouths, a\ 30 miles dift^ce
from Vera Cruz.
MsADO^ra, afmalt rtvei* tftAich f^))f
into Cafbo Bay, in theDiftrij^'of Maij]||,
Meads, a place fituated oft a (WV|rir
French Creek j a branch of tlie AIle|^^^
ny, in Pennfylvania. N. ktf*!* 3^»
and about a 3 nailcs N.W. ofFqitTrfiAlb'
lin, at the mouth of the creek. . -
MbcaTina, Grtat, Point of, oii'ltl^
fouth coaft of Labrador, and \he^ nbifl^
(here of the Gulf of St, Lawrence^ .gi
N. America. N. lat. 50. 4a. W. l(^j|.
59- '3- ■. ''.'.^..t
MecATiNA f/lainit £ilr//^ on the
fame coaft and fliore, lies fouth- wfft .gf
Great Mecatina. N^ lat. 50. 3^. ,.
^ MeCHOaCAN, a province in the'«u-
dience of Mexico, in North- A.mert(%
bounded north bvpart of P;»i)uco a^
the provinces of Zacatecas and G^iuTfl-
lajara, eaft by another part of I'amico
and Mexico r roper, fouth by the latjia:
and the South Sea, which together wi4
Xalifco, bound it aUb on the weft and
north-weft. It ext^cnds 70 leaguap
along the coaft, and ftUi farther inland.
The climate is good, and the. ibU re-
markably fruitfuT. There are here mioe^
of filver, and a few of gold and copper.
Among its numerous produflions axe
mechoacanroot, feveral odorife.
gums and balfams, farfyparilla*
cocoa,
rous
fons. It is fcparated from the polfef- i ambergris, vanilla, caflta, &c, Mcchor
fions of the Portugwefe, by the famousi 1 acan was formerly a kingdom, but the
line of demarcation, or the boundary of
thofe countries belonging to Spain and
Pottugal. Its cauital is San Francifbo
de Boiia, the refidence of the gover-
nor, but the Superior refides at San-
tiago de la Laguna. There are feveral
minions in* the government of Maynas,
and diocefe of Qu^ito, particularly 11 on
thf rivfr Na^, and 34- 01% Che Maranon
hi
Spaniards have reduced it to a hiihopf
rick, in which are about aoo towns k^
civilized natives. The greateft part of
the trade of this province is carried on
by land^ there being hardly any fea-
ports deierving that name.
Mechoacan, an Epifcopal city and
capital of the province of iti^ name, fitu-
ated on large river, wd/ftoccd with
U 4 fijh,
SM M S D
ifll, Mw thcwii 6de of • hke» ibout
IM milM wtft of Mexico. It it a laifi
MiM» tMmog « &M cathedrd and hand-
WM hooAa bekNigiii|| to rich Spaniaida*
mho 'itffk vam filv«r minea at Guanaxoa-
tf. or Ouaxafiata.
MICICI.IIIBVIIO, a county of Vir-
|dmat botmdcd fouth by the State of N.
Carolina. It contaim >4»7$3 inhabi-
tantti of whom 67<» are 0ave«.
MicicttiiBVRO,a countv ofNorth-
Carolina, in SaliAury diftrift, bounded
fimth by the State or 8. Carolina. It
containa i\»%iS iMhabitinta* of whom
«6e| are flmi. Chief town, Charlotte.
MBcewBAMitM, a lake in N. Ame-
rica, In 49. N. lat.
MBDrili:.D» a townfliip in Norfolk
«o»nty» Mafladiufctte, so milea Ibuth-
vpidlcny of Bottom It was incorpo-
rated fai sifOi and contains 731 inbaoi-
tanta.
M BoroRD, a pleaTant, thriving, com-
paA town in Midldlefcx county, Mafla*
c)ittfiettS| 4 miles north of Boilon, fitu-
Btcd on Myftick river, i miles from its
mouth. Here are fevci'al diftillericfe sxA
brick-works which give employment to
II conudcnd>le number ^ pcopK* The
river is navigable for imall veflels to this
l^ace. The tpwnlhip was incorporated
n tiiie, and contains 1019 inhabitants,
who are noted for their induftry.
MB0OCTV, a felftlement in New-
BrunlWtck, Htuated on the weft fide of
St. John's river, 35 miles above St.
Anna.
Mbdobosta, a lake in the north
yart of the OiftriA of Maine, whoTe
northern point is within t miles of the
Canada Une, in lat. 47. 56. and long.
<t* aa. W. It gives rife to Spey river,
which runs S.S.E. into St. John's river.
Mbovhcook, a planution in Lin-
cefai county, DiftriA of Maine, ajo
niks from Bofton, having 3aa inhabi-
tants.
Mbdway, a townfliip in Norfolk
county, Maffitchufetts, bounded eaft
and fouth by Charles river, which fepa-
rates it from Medfield, and of which it
was a part until 1713. It has two pa-
riflKS of Congregatidnalifts, and contains
S035 inhabitants. It is %$ miles fouth-
weft of Bofton, on the middle poft-road
from thence to Hartford.
Medway, or Midwttft a fettlement
i Liberycounty,Geonria, formed by
emigrants from Oorchettcr in S..CarB-
MEM
Urn, about the year 1 7501 and whoA an-
cefters migratra fiom Oerchefter and
the vicinity of Bofton about the year
1700. A handfiiroe Congr^tional
meeting-houfe, belonging to this fettle-
ment, was burnt by the Britiflt during
the war, and thefrtUcment wasdeftroy-
ed. It has fince recovered, in a conn-
derable degree, its former importance.
Medway is sopiUes fouth of Savannah,
and 9 weft of Sunbury.
KtKbssbnsbvro, a tow<i of Penn-
fylvania, York county, on Tom's Creek,
4omUesW.S.W.ofYork.
Mbhbbrin, a principal branch of
Chowan river, in N. Carolina, which
rifes in Charlotte county, Virginia, and
running an eaft by fouth courfe, unites
with the Nottaway about 7 miles fouth
of the Virginia line. See Cbawam Rivtr*
Melaqub Port, on the weft coalt
of New- Mexico, is to the north-weft of
Port Natividad, or Nativity, and near 3
leagues at fouth-eaft from a row of 4 or
Siiocks, or naked iflands above water, in
the direAion of north-weft. This por^
is land-locked againft all winds from the
north-weft to the fouth-weft.
Mela, or Jlfo/W, on the coaft of Peru
in S. America, lies between Canetteand
Chilca. It is xthree leagues from Afia
Ifland, whofe latitude is about 13. 6. S.
Mela WASCA, a French fettlnnentof
about 70 families, feduded in a lingular
manner from the reft of mankind, uf
the nonh-eattem part of the DiftriA of
Maine. Thefe people are Roman Ca-
tholics, and are induftrious, humane,
and hofpiuble.
Mblbtbcvnk RpvtTf in Monmouth
connty, New-Jerfey, falls eaftwaixl into
Beaver Dam, which is at the head of
the bay which ia north of Cranberry
New Inlet.
Mblford's Placet on Tallapoofee
river, in the weftem part of Geoi^gia, is
feparated from fome Indians towns by
that river, a confiderable dillance from
its mouth.
Mbmoroncok, a ftream^ a little
weft of Byram river. Douelafs fays
the MU-tition line between New- York
and ConneAicut, as fettled Dec. 1,1 664,
ran from the mouth of this river N. N.
W. and was the ancient limits of New.
York, until Nov. %\, 1683, when the
line was run nearly the iamt as it is now
fettled.
Memory Rocct, anongft the Ba.
hams
M E K
hkma IflMidt, are in bt. 17. so. N. anJ
long. 79. 4©« W.
Mbmfhremagog, a lake chiefly in
the province of Canada, 40 miles in
length from north to fouth, and « or
S wide iironn eaft to weft. The north
line of Vermont ftate ^afles over the
fouth part of the lake in 45. N. lat.
Memphremagog, which hat communi-
cation, by the river St. Francis, wirh
St. Lawrence river, is the refervoir of 3
conilderableftreams, viz. Black, Barton,
and Clyde rivers, which rife in Vermont.
The foil on its banks is rich, and the
country round it is level. See Fermont,
Sec.
Mbmramcook Ith/er has been re-
commended 88 the mott proper bonnda-<
ly between the province of New-Brunf-
wick and Nova-Scotia. It lies a little
to the eaftward of Petitcodiak, and
takes a noith-eafterly direction.
Mbnadou Baj, or PanaJou, is a
leagties from Port Balene, or Port Nove,
on the coaft of Cape Breton Ifland, at
the fouth part of the gulf of St. Lav<r-
rence, havmg the ifland c'Scatari, here-
tofore called Little Cape Breton, oppu-
fite to it.
Menbham, a townfliip in Moiris
county. New- Jerfey, 3 miles north-weft-
erly of VeaUtown, and 6 weftofMor-
riftown.
Mbndocin, a cape on the north-weft
coaft of America, and N. Pacific ocean.
N. lat. 4t. ao. W. long. 130. 5.
Mbndon, a poft-town in Worcefter
county, Mafihchufetts, 37 miles fouth-
weft of Bofton, and 31 north eaft of
Pomfret in Conne£iicut. This town-
ftiip called S^n/bi^ge by the Indians,
was incorporated in 1667, and contains
s congregational parifties, a ibciety of
Friends, and 1555 inhabitants. It is
bounded on the Ibuth by the ftate of
Rhodc-Ifland. It is watered by Charles
and Mill rivers, and othei" fmall ftreams,
which firrve 5 grift-mills, z faw-mills,
7, clothier's works, and a forge. There
are 3 hills here, viz Caleb's, Wigwam,
and Miftcee, from either of which may
he feen, in a clear day, the 4 New-Eng-
land States.
Mendoza, a jurifdiftion in Chili, in
S. America. It has a town of the fame
name, and lies on the eaft-fide of the
Cordillera, about 50 leagues from San-
tlaeo, in a plain adorned with gardens,
well fupplied with water by racans of
canals. The town eontaini Jboot to*
families, half Spaniards and the iMte
half cafts, together*^ a t^XkpfomU.
ed by the Jefuita^ a parochial chtntli*
and 3 convents. In the jurifdiftion ire
alfo the towns of St. Juan d« la Pipi*
rera, fituated on the eaft of tht Cofdil*
lera, and about 30 leaptiea north off
Mendozaj and St. Louis de Lojrohi
about 50 eaft of Mendoza; the latter l«
very fmall, but has a pariih chvrch»
a Dominican convent, and a college
founded by the JeAiits.
Mbndoz A, a river which rlfes in tlie
Cordillera of the Andes in S. Articrica.
Over this river is a natural bridge of
rocks fi-om the vaults of which oanf
feveral pieces of ftone refembling (kit,
which congeal like ificles, as the water
drops from the rock. This bridge is
broad enough for 3 or 4 carts to paft
a-breaft. Near this is another briagiek
called the bridge of Incas, betwixt two
rocks ; and " fo very high from the
river, that the ftream, which nms witJl
great rapidity, cannot be heard."
Memchlick Lakct in the north*
weft part of N. America, lies in lat.
61. N. long. 105. W. N. of this b
Lake Dobount.
MtNiOLAGOMEKAH, a Moraviail
fcttlement E. of the Great Swamp, at
the head of Lehigh river in Pennlylva-
nia, about 33 miles N. W. by N. <^
Bethlehem.
MtNOLOPEN, avwalthy and jdea-
faric fanning fettlement, in Monmoutk
county. New- Jerfey 5 making a part of
a rich glade of land, extending from the
(ea, wcftward to Delaware river. It is
18 miles fouth-eaft of Princeton.
MERASHEEN^rfliyin.Placenthbaye
Newfoundland liland.
Mercer, a 'county of Kentucky,
adjoining Woodford, Shelby, and Madi-
iM counties. Harodiburgh is the chief
town.
Mercersborovgh, a village <xF
Pennlylvania, S. E. of North Moun-
tain, and about 1 3 miles S. VIT. of
Chamberft)urgh.
Mercer's Creeiy in the N. E. part
of the ifland of Antigua, in the W. In>
dies, is a pretty deep inlet of the coaft,
the entrance to which is between thcp
iflands of Codrlngton, Crumps, or Pe-
lican. Lavicoimt's Ifland is a fmall
idand alfo within it towards the fouth
fliorej and in the fouth>weft part of
it
SH M E R
il k W§tkf9 Bfty, M tht mootb oft
fiftr.
M»RC«ANT*t GMVMiay f/nrf » with-
i» tlMlnrbQurof Port -Royal in Jamaica,
on tlw N. fidt of the long pcninAila.
Along tbta murrow Hip of beach is the
«ply way 10 pafa by land to Port Royal,
mr 9 or so nsilea, the carci-ning place
being aimoft at hiidway, but fomewhat
naarBi' to the cad end of the peninfula.
MttCY, Caft rfOtits, the moft
Ibothcrly point of Cumberland^ Ifland,
on the N. <Ue of Ciimberlaild*t Straits,
Milat. about 66. N. and hai CapeWal-
fingham on it» N. £. and Exeter Sound
cm ita ndtth,
Mbkbpitm, C«/^, among the Falk-
lasd Idanda in the b. Atlantic Ocean,
ia between Port Stephen's ami Cape Or-
ford.
Mbhedith, a townfhip in Strafford
coanty, New Hnmplhire, fituattd on
the S. W. fnle of Lake Winrfipifeo^e,
ij miles N.- of Gilmantown, 9 S. E. of
]Plymouth,and 70 N.W.ofPortfmouth.
*It was incorporated in 1768. In 1775,
it contained 159, and in 1790, 881 in-
habitants. It was firft called New-Sa-
|tm.
Mbrida, the capital of Yucatan, in
riie audience of Mexico, in N. Ame-
rica. It lies near the N. fide of the pro-
vince, between the gulfs of Mexico and
llondui-as ; 4.^ miles S. of the oceitn,
ami 13s N. E. of the city of Cam-
peachy, N. lat. »i. 3S. W. long. 90.
S6.
Ms RID A, a town of New Granada,
in S. America, fituated near the limits
which divide the province from Vene-
soela. The ibil round this place abound ^
with fruit of all forts, and there are gold
mines near it. It is about 54. miles
from Lake M.-racabo,^ 1 30 N. E. of
Pampeluna, and 260 N.E. of St. Fe.
The inhabitantc fend tiitir fruit and mer-
chandize to Tnixillo. N. lat. 8. 30. W.
long. 7x.
Mbrim, a large lake in Paraguay in
S. America, very near the-coaft" of the
S. Atlantic Ocean, where tlfb land is
vciy flat. Fort St. Miguel ftands at
the S. end, and Fort Mangaveira at its
iwrth-caftem extremity. There is a
veiy narrow lake, parallel to Lake Me-
rtam between it and the ocean, an4
nearly a« long. The foits command
tht extremities of the peninfula.
MEBi¥tc, or Mflr«m^, a iargerI•
M E It
vcr of Lonifianar which emjptics into Hm
Miflifippiy below the moutn of the Mif.
iburi, and 50 miles above the ftttlemcnt
of Genevieve. Fine meadow* lit bt*
tween this and the Miilburi. >
Merion, Uff*r and Ltivtr, two
townlhips in Montgomery county, Pena-
fylvania.
Mkro District, in the State of
Teiinrifee, on the banks of Cumberland
river. It consprrhends the cotmties of
Davidfon, Sumner, and TenneflTee. In
1790 it contained 7,04s inhabitants,
including 1,151 davcs. By the State
cenfus o( 1795 there were 14,390, of
which number 2,466 were flaves.
Mero Point, in the S. Pacific
Ocean and coaft of Peru, between Cape
Blanco on the S. W. and Tumhez river
to the N. C on the S. £. fideof Guaya-
quil bay, in lat. 3. 40. S. The conft
at the point of Mero is low anii flat,
but the country within is high and moun»
tainous.
Merrimack Rivert has its covrft
foutherly through the State oi Newi
Hampfhirc, till it enters Maflkchufetts-i
it then turns eafterly, and paflTes into the
ocean at Ncwbwry-Port. This river is
formed by the confluence of Pemigewal-
fet and Winnipil'eogce rivers, in about
lat- 43. a6. This river is navigable for
veflels of burden about 20 miles from
its mouth, where it is obflru6ted by
the flrft fails or rapids, called Mitcheir*
Eddy, between Bradford and Haverhill.
Vaft quantities of fliip-timber, and va- ■
rious kinds of liunber are brought down
in rafts, fo conftru6fsd as to pus ail the
falls in the river except thofe of Atnuf-
keag and Pawtucket. In the fprinj^ and
liiminer, confiderable quantities of faU
nioH, (had and a!*wives are canght,
which are either ufed as bait in the cod-
f (hery, or pickled, and '(hipped to the
Weft- Indies. As many as 6 or 7 bridges
have been thrown over this (ine river
at difterent diftances, fipm New-Cqn-
cord, downwards; tlie moft elegant and
expenfive are the one two miles above
Newbury- Port, and thf one at Haver-
hill. A canal is now in procefs to open
a communication between the waters of
the Merrimack at Chelmsford and the
hartwur of Bo(ton, throuofa Myftick
river. See MuUUfeit Canal. The bar
acrofs the mouth of this river is a very
great incumbrance to navigation, and is
eiptcially tcmble to ft;*ang«rs. Thei«
arq
M E8
Itie i( fcit of wftur upon it at common |
tidN. TIm^ are two Jiglit*hou(e« of I
wood rcniovfablc at pleafurci according
to the flufting of the bar. 'tlic lights
now bear E. |N. and W^ is* Bruig.
iiig both the liglit-houfen to bear into
one* until you are a-breaft of the lower
onot will bring you in over the bar in
the deepeft water} whirr i« a bold
^or« and good anchoring ground. The
ii. point of Plumb-IAaiid which forma
the S. fide of ihe entrance into the ri-
ver, lies in lat. 4i> 47* 40*
lyiBRRiM/iCK, a townfltip in Hillflio-
rough county, New»Hampdiire, Atuated
on the fuuth fide of Souhegan river,
which runs eaftwatd into the Merri-
mack. It is 55 miles wefterly of
Portl'mouth, was incorporated in 1 746,
and contains 819 inhabitants.
Merrimichi River falls Into the
head of a bay of that name on the N.
E. coaft of the province of New-Brunf-
wlck. A little ahvve its confluence
with the bay, it forms into two branches,
and runs through a fertile tnSk of cjioice
intervale land ; and tlw: land is, in gene-
ral, well cluathed with timber of all
kiads. From this river there is a com-
munication with St. John's, partly by
land, but principally by water carriage
in canoes. Tlic faimon fifliery is carried
on with fuccefs, and the cod fiihery is
improving near the entrance of the bay.
Merryconeag. Stt Harpfwell,
; Merry Meeting Bay, in Straflbrd
county, New-Hampfhire, is the fouth-
eafternmoft arm of Lake Winnipifcogee.
Mount Major Itands on its welt Hde.
MERRY-MEETING^tf)', in the Dif-
tri^ of Maine, is formed by the jun£lion
of Androfcoggin and Kennebcck rivers,
oppolite to the town of Woolwich, 20
miles from the foa. Formerly, trom
this bay to the Tea, the confluent Itream
was called Sngadahock. The lands
here are good. Steven's river heads
within a mile of the bay, and a canal has
lately been opened which unites thetc
waters. A company has been incorpo-
rated to build a bi idge over Androscog-
gin river, at its entrance into the bay,
to connect the towns of Brunfwick and
Topfliam i the former on its fouthern
fide, tjie latter on its northern fide.
Mertequs, a town in the province
of Honduras in New-Spain, which pro-
duces the cochineal.
Mesa, Iq, the ifouthern^iolit of 4
M E X SIS
idea in the Pacific Oeem, near to «mIi
other, and E. of the Sandwich lilep.
N. lat. 19, W. long. i%j, %o,
MsasASAOvis, Indiana inhabiting
between Lakca Superior and Huron.
They hare about 1,500 warriors.
MEKsgRiiBURo, a town in Franklhi
county, Pennfytvania, 16 miles S. W.
of Chamberlburgh, and 168. W. by &.
of Philadelphia.
Messillqnes, or Mu/cU Bay, <m
the coalt of Chili or Peru, in S. Anw.>
rica, is 18 leagues N. by E. ofMor-
renas bay, and 5. S. by W. of Atacania.
It is properly within the hay of Atacama,
and is lo deep on the S. fide that theic
is no foundings ) but at the entrance or
anchoring- place it is moderate, and fliipa
mav ride in 1 5 fathoms, clean ground^
andfecured from moft winds.
Me ST re Bay, Little, on the N. B>
part of Newfoundland Ifland, fouth-
ward of St. Julian, and N. by W. of
the iflands Gros and Belle.
Mesvckama Lake, in the N. pact
of N. America. N. lat. 50. 10. \IU
long. 80. ;
METCHlGAMiAs,a]ongnarrow].ike^
or :-ath<*r dilation of the northern branch
of the rivtt' St. Francis, in Louiiiaoa,
which falls into the MiiTifippi from the
N. W. about 4 miles above Kapuaa
OldFovt.
Methuen, the north-weflemmot
townfliipin Eflex county, MaflTachuietts*
fituated on the E. bank of Merrimack
river, between Dracut and HaverhiUk
It contains 1 parilhes and 1,197 inha-
bitants. It was incorporated in I7a5.
Husbandry and the cutting and felling
lumb. ■- divide the attention of the in*
habitants.
Mew JJlands, on the coaft of the
Spanifli Main, in the Weft- Indies, be-
tween Cape Cameron, and Cape Gra-
cias a Dios, lie acrofs the entrance int '
the bay of Cotroe, or Crotoe. Tliey
arc furrounded with rocks, and are vcrf
dangerous, efpecially in caie of hard
gulls from the N. and N. E.
Mexicano River, or Adayes, in
Louifiana, has a S. E. courie and emut^
ties into "^he gulf of Mexico, at Cabodvi
Nord J W. by S, of Alcenfion bay, an4
£. by N. of the mouth of Trinity ri^
ver. On its banks are tchfilver millesi
Fort Adayes ftands > .1 its north-eaftera
iide in alraut lat. 30. 31. north.
MexiPOj a towniliip in li^rke(ner
county
3f6 M E X
county, New- York, iiicorpenteil in
1796, Ijrinv en Canida mni Wood
Crceki, indOneidn Like.
Mmxico, or NfW'Sfah, bounded
•orth by unknown rettiona, eift by Loa-
ifiina nnd the^ulf orMexico, fouth by
the Ifthniui ot Darien, which fepantct
h from Terra Firms in South-America,
weft by the Pacific Ocean. Its length
it about a, 1 00 milcOi ita breadth 1600}
fituated betwevn lat. 9. and 40. north,
and between long. {3. S. and i«5. f.
weft. This vaft country is divided into
0/d-Mtmn, which contains the audien-
ces of Gaiicia, Mt xico, and OauthnaJa,
which ave fubiiividal into 11 provinces)
Nitn Mtxico, divided into two audien-
ces, Apacheira and Scnora ) and Cali-
fmrmmt on the wvft, a peninfula. The
land is in great part abrupt and moun-
lainous, covered with thick woods, and
watered with large rivers, dome of
tbeie run into the Gulf of Mexico, and
others into the Pacific Ocean. Among
the firft are Altarado, Coatiacuaico,
and Tabafco. Among the latter is the
river Guadalaxara or great river* There
are feveral lakes which do not Icfs em-
bellifh the country than give conve-
nience to the commerce of the people.
The lakes of Nicaragua, Cbappaljn,and
Pazaquaro, are among the largeil. The
lakes Tetztico and Chalco occupy a
great part of the valt of Mexico, which
ia the fineit tra£( of country in New-
S}iain-. The waters of Cliaico are fweet,
elioli; of Tetznco are brackifti. A canal
unites them. The lower lake (Tetzu-
co) was formerly as much as so miles
Imig and 1 7 broad, and, lying at the
bottom of the vale, is the relervoir of all
the waters fruni the furroundine moun-
tains. The cif y of Mexico Hands on an
ii^d in this lake.
In this country are interfperfed many
fountains of different qualities. There
are an intinity of nitrous, fulphurcous,
vitriolic, and allumlnous mineral waters^
fount of which I'pring out lb hot, that in
a fliort time any kind of fniit or animal
food is builcil in them. There are alfo
petrifying watu'i, with which they
make little white, fmoot'. itones, not
clif^lcaiing to the tafte \ fcrapines from
whKn taken in broth, or in grud, made
•f Indian com, are mcrfl powerfiil dia-
phoretics, and are ufed with remarkable
niccefs in various kinds of fevers.
The climate of tbi»extcnfiTe country
MEX
{•▼arieus. The maritimt pots are hat
and for the moft part muift and unhnl.
thy. Lands, wnich are very high, or
very near to high mountains, which art
penietually covered with fnow, arc
The mountains of Mexico abonnd
in ores of every kind of metal, and a
great variety ot foflils. There are en-
tire mountains of loadftone, and among
others, one very confiderable between
Tcoiltytan and Chihpaii, in the country
of the Gohuixcas.
Huwewr plentiful and rich the min-
eral kingdom of Mexico may be, the
vegetable kingdom is ftill more varioua
and abundant. Dr. Hernandet defcribes
in his natural hiiiory, about i,soo me-
dicinal plants, natives of that coimtry.
The fruits of Mexico, are, pine- apples,
plums, dates, water-melons, apples,
peaches, quinces, apricots, pears, pomew
granates, figs, biack-cherries, walnuts,
almonds, olives, chefnuts, and grapes.
The cocoa-nut, vanilla, chia, great-pepu
per, tomati, the pepper of Tabafco^
and cotton, are very common with the
Mexicans. Wheat, barley, peas, beans
nnd rice Have been fuccefstully cultiva-
ted in this country. With refpeft to
plants which yield profitable refins,
pirns, oils or juices, the country of Mex-
ico is fingularly fertile. Of quadrupeds,
there have been traniportcd into this
country horfcs, afles, bulls, flieep, goats,
hogs, dogs and cats, which nave all
multiplied. Of the ancient quadru-
peds, by which ia meant thofe that
n^oni time immemorial have been in
that county, fume are common to both
the continents of Europe and America;
fome peculiar to the new world, others
natives only of the kingdom of Mexico.
The ancient quadrujwds common to
Mexico and the old continents, are,
lions, tigers, wiM-cats, bears, wolves,
foxes, tlw common ftags and white ftags,
bucks, wiM'goats, badgers, pole-cats,
weazles, martins, fquirrels, rabbits,
hares, otters and rata. Their prodigi-
ous number ol' birds, their variety, and
many vakwbk qualities, haveoccafioned
fome authors to obfervc, that, as Africa
is the country of beaiis, fo Meidco is the
country of birds. It is fakl there are
too fpecies peculiar to that kingdon).
The civil oovemment of Mexico it
adminiftered by tribunals called audi^
encei. lu tbele courts, the viceroy
of
MEX
ef the klM of 8|MiB pnTidef. Bit tm-
^laymcnt Ti the grtatcil truft Mxi uo«r.
« hU Catholic M^y hu at hn diA
pofa), and U perhaps thie richcft govcm-
rotnt mtniflcd to any fuhJcA in the
world. The viceroy continue! In office
three years. The clergy are extremely
nunMToue in Mexico. The prie(N»
monk* and nuns of all orders make a
fifth of the white inhabitants^ both
here and in other parts of Spanifli Ame*
rica. The empire of Mexico was fub-
dued by Cortes in ijsi.
Mexico, the capiul of the above
province, is the oldeA city in Amrrica,
of which we have any account | its
foundation being dated as far back as
i)s5. It is fituated in the chai'ming
vale of Mexico, on feveral fmall iflands,
in Lake Tcttcuco, in N. lat. 19. s6.
and 103. 35. W. long, from Perro.
This vale is I'unounded with lofty and
verdant roountaini, and formerly con-
tained no lefs than 40 eminent cities,
beiides villages and hamlets. Concern-
ing the ancient populatmn of this city
there are various opinions. The hlflo>
rians moft to be relied on fay, that it
was nearly nine miles in circumference |
and contained upwards of 60,000 houles,
containing each from 4 to 10 inhabi-
tants. By a late accurate enumeration,
made by the magittrates and priefts , it
appears that the prefent number of inha-
bitants exceeds aoo,ooo. The greateft
cuiiofity in the city of Mexico, is their
floating gardens. When the Mexicani,
about tiir year 13S5, were fubdued by
the Colhuun and Tepanecan nations, and
confined to the rmall iilands in the lake,
having no land to cultivate, they were
taught by iiecefllty to form moveable
?iraens, which £oated on the lake,
heir conftruAion i« very fimple. They
take willows and the roiits of marih
ttlants, and other materials which are
light, ami twiH them together, and fo
firmly unite tliem as to form a Ibrt of
platform, which is capable of fupport-
ing the e^rth of titc garden. Upon this
foundation they lav the light bufhes
which float on the fake, and ovpr them
furead the mud and dirt which they
draw up from the bottom of the lake.
Their regular figure is quadran^ifular ;
their length and bi'eadth various, but
generally about 8 r<xi« jone^nnd 3 wide;
and their elevation from the fmfacc of
the water is lei's than a foot. Thele
MEX ^
were the fM Hehls tlwl tkt BfaikNi
owned, after Hit fDundMion of McfelM|
there they M cukkaied the anfaMw
srettMwpoer, and other jplanta nccell
rarv ior their fupport. ftwn tkt fan
dulry of the people theft fleMt fim
became numerous. At prsAnc tkef
cultivate flowers and ereiy (brt of gar-
dsn kerbs tmon them. Every di^ of
the year at funrilV, inmmwrahle vefftia
or boats, loaded with various kinds of
fkiwers and herbs, which are cultivated
in theie gardens, are feen arriving by tht
canal, at the great market-place of Mexi«
CO. All plants thrive in them fUrprif*
ingly I the mud of the lake makes a
very rich foil, which requires no water
from the cloiids. In the largeft gardens
there is commonly a little tree and a lie*
tie hut to flielter the cultivator and dc-
fimit him fitmi the rain or the fun.
When the owner of a garden of the Cbim
Homfat as he is called, wifhes to change
hi* iitimtion, to get out of a bad neigh-
bourhood, or to come nearer to his fa-
mily, he «ts into his little boa' and by
his own Itrength atone, if the .^uiden le
fmall, or with the afliftance of othei s, if
it is lar|rc, ccnduAs it wherever he
pleafes, with the little tree and hut upon
<t. That part of the ifland where theft
floating gatdens are, is a place of de-
lightful recreation, where the fenfes re-
ceive tlie higheft pofllible gratification.
The buildings, which are of ftone, are
convenient, and the public edifices, cf-
peciaily the churches, are magnificent {
and the city has the appearance of ini-
menfe wealth. The trade of Mexico
conlills of 3 great branches, which ex-
tend over the whole world. It carries
on a trafiic with Europe, by jLa Vera
Crux, fituated on the Gulf of Mexico,
or North Sea ; with the Eafi-Indies, by
Acapuico, on the South Sea, a 10 miles
S. W. of Mexico } and with South-A-
merica, by tlie fame port. Thefe two
lea-]xirC8, Vera Cruz and Acapuico, are
admirably well fituated for thccoinmer-'
cial purpoit's to which tluy are applied.
Mexico, Culfef, is that part of the
North Atlantic ocean, which wafhestlie
S. and S. W. coaft of Florida, the eaft
coaft of New-Leun and Nuw-Galicia, in
New. Mexico, and the N. E. coaft of
Old Mexico, or New-Spain, in N. Ame-
rica. It is properly bounded on the N.
by the Floridas, and on the S. by the
Gulf of Darien, or perhaps ftill more
properly
mmfvif Mf fiAft, W. ^int of the
Mmnts 9i thxkn, fop^fmg a line «•
Im <k««N» fr<Nn one to tlM other. The
GttU of Mocico is therefiire to be con-
Cdcved M th< weftern pare of the great
S«lf botween the northern and fouthem
v.-«tinc;nt> of America. Thi$ fvac^ut
gvlf containa a gjreat many iflaiids of
varioM nttm ana fne ) anfa it receives
ftnral ^<Ai rivers* particularly the
Mifltfippi* tbft N. rivert and a multi-
tude «r others of comparatively left
Mte. Ita coafte are fo irregular ami in<
J» that ita kSkr gulfii and bays are
I ianmnerablef the chief of thefe
lire the gtilf of Honduras, and Guana.
joa»and the baysof Campeachy, Palax-
•y, and St. Louit<. It is conjeaured by
Mine to have been fbrinerly land ; and
that the conftant attrition of the waters
in the GuK Stieam> has worn it to its
prefent form. See Cui/ Stream^ and
Culfo/Fbrida.
Miami River, little, in the N. W.
Territory, has a ibuth.weflern couife,
and empties into the Ohio, on the eaft
fide of the town of Columbia, lo miles
ea(lwal^d of the Great Miami, in a
^raightline, but tj taking in the mean-
tvrs of the Ohio. It is too fm?!! for
latttuux navigation. li% banks are
tofid land, and fb high as to prevent in
common the overflowing of the water.
At the diftance of 30 miles from the
Ohio^ the Miamies appro:: imate each
otlwr wirh*ii eight miles and a half. On
(his river are i'cveral fait fprings.
Miami River, Great, or Gr^at Mi-
neam, called alio Jferentt, or Rocky
river, in the N. W. TerrUory. 'las a S.
by W. courfe, tihI empties intc .ue O.
llio by a mouth xoo yards wide^* it{
miles from Big Bonce, 1 54. miles from
the Rapids, and 604. from the mouth of
the Ohio. It it one of the moft beauti-
"ul fireams in tiic Territoi-v, and is fo
c. >ar and tranrpareTit, at its htgheft ftdte,
♦hai a pin may very plainly be (etn at its
bottom. It ' i« u very Itony channel,
a fwilt ftrcaiti- but no falls. At the
Picque or lickawee towns, above 75
miles fror<i its mouthi it is not above 30
yards V>n>ad, yet loaded battcaux can af-
cend 50 miles higher. Th oortage
from the navigable yaters of iis eaftem
hmnch to Sanduikv river is 9 miles,
and item thofe of .(s vefle.n branch to
the Miami of the Lakes, o'.ily five milts.
Il«ll<>iatcr',ock$ wkh the r>cioto.
MIiC
Ml All I ^ihe IMUf'i ttmigMt H»
ver of the N. W. Territory, Which Idb
into Lake Erie, at the S. W. tomir of
thekkr. Afi)uthcni branch of this ri*
ver communicates with the Gnat Ml*
ami, by a porage of 5 miles. This ri-
ver is called by fome writers Mawmee,
al(bOmee, and Manmick. See Terri*
taty If. fF. eftbe Obit,
Miami, a village on the Miami of
the Lake near the Miami Fort. Large
cauoes can come Irom Q^iatanon, a
(mall French fettlemcnt on the W. fide
of the W abaft), t^j miles bekw the
Miami Carrying-place, which laft is 9
miles from this village.
MiAMis, an Indian nation who inba-
bit on the Miami river and the (buth-
em fide of Lake Michigan. They can
raife about 300 warriors. Tn coafe*
quence of bnds ceded to the U. States
by the treaty of Greenville> Auguft 3d,
>79S> government paid them a fum in
hand, and engaged to pay them annual-
ly for ever, to the value of 1000 dollai[»
in goods. \
MiAMis Bef, at the mouth of the
Miami of the Lakes.
MiATA IJland, one of the Society Ifl.
ands, in the S. Pacific ocean. S. lat.
17. 51. W. long. 14.8. 6.
Michael, St. or St, Miguet, a town
in the province of Qjiito in Peru, and
faid to be the firft town the Spaniards
built in that country. It is of confider-
able (ize, ftanding in a fruitful valley,
about ao leagues irom the Tea. The in-
habitants call it Chila. Another town,
called St. Miguel, is the fecouu ci^ in
Tucumania, so leagues from St. Jago
del Eftero, on the road to Charcara or
Potofi, at the foot of a range of rugged
moxuitains in a well waterra place, Iia.
ving the river Quebrador on the one fide,
and fevcraL-fmaTl ftreams on the other^
5 or 6 leagues from it. The country
produces all kinds of grain, plenty of
grapes, cotton and flax, and yields ex-
cellent paliurage.
Michael, St. a town of N. Ameri-
ca, in New-3pain, and in the province
of Mechoncaa. It is very populou:*,
and 100 miles from Mexico. N. ht,
40. 35. W. long. io». 55.
Michael's Bay, St. on the E. fide
pf the ifiand of Barbadoes, in the Weft-
Indies ; a little N. of Foul's Bay ■ N.
E. of which lall bay arc Cobler's Rocks*
In the fliapc of a horn.
MichablN
Mi«II4«lH (kiify St. in tUS, E.
pftit of famona Bay« m fotmod by the
4Mitt« of 8c. Mart* mkI ta.hu irivert that
felliaioit.
MiCMACi., St.mShMmielRmn',
b dfo CM the 6. ooaft of the iftttmus be
twccn N. ami S. America, aiid on the
N. Pacific ocekn, and <S leagues to the
W. of Poit Matin Lopea» uid } E. of
Ottibaltigue. * It hat 3 fathom* water
at flood. Witlun the river to the N. £.
ia the burning mountain of St. Miguel*
ia the midft of an open plain.
MicHASL't Bajff St. in Terra Fir*
ma, on the S. Sea.
MicHAEL^s, St. a pariih in Charlcf-
tan diftnft. S. Carolina.
Michael's, £/. a town in Talbot
county, Ms.rviand, 8 miles W. of Eaf-
(oB, and ti S. E. of Arnapoiis. |
Michael, St. or Fond dt$ tftgres^ a '
Mwn on the S. penin(uia of St. Domingo
iiland, 10 teagues N. E. of St. Louis.
Michigan Laki^ in the N. W. Ter-
ritory, is the largeft and moll confiier-
able 1:^^, which is wholly within the
United Sutes, and lies between lat. 41.
i-o. and 45. 40. N. and between 84.
30. and (7. 30. W. long. Its comput<?d
length is ito miles from north to fouth ;
its bre^dt'; from 60 to 70 miles, and its
circumtifrence nearly 600 miles; and
contains, according to Mr. Hutchins,
10,369,000 aavs. Ix is navigable for
fitipping of any burden \ and comnnmi-
cates with Lake Huron, at the north-
oaftera part, through the Straits of
Michi»iinakkuiak .* The ftrait Is 6 miles
broad, and the ibrt of its name ftands
on an iAand at the mouth of the Hiatt.
In this lake are feveral kinds of filh ;
particularly trout of an excellent quali-
fy* weighmg from le to 6c pounds \
and fome have been taken in the ftrait
which weighed 90 pounds. On the
N. W. paits of this lake, the waters pu^
through 9 narrov' ftrait, and branch out
into two bays } that to the northward is
called Ko quel's Bay, the other to the
ibuthward, Puans, or Green Bay, which
laft with the lake, forms a long penin-
&la, called Cape Townlifnd, or Vermil-
lion Point. About 30 miles S. of Bay
d* Puans, is Lake Winnebago, which
communicates with it t and a very (hort
portage interrupts the water communi-
cation, fouth-weftward from Wiiine
Lake through Fox river, then
t^Ufauj^b Ocwfuvnfin, Ant* th^ river Mif
fiCppi. Chicago rt*cr,«ife at dit 8. W«^
extremity of Lake Michigaa* fui«i||M»
ft (jommoaicatioii. inismipt«d . ky-i^'ftol
(horter piiflage, wkk liiinoi* rhrsr. %$$•
all tbcle places snentioaed under tMlr
refpeftivc aaroct. L«k« Midii»i aii*^
cetves many fnudl rivers feant tW-W^
and E. £)nie tstrand cve9 asoywlr
broad at their eioiftha. S«» Ct^tatt^-
MqfiicoKf Maramy St. Jofifbt kc,- ' - <
M|CHILUMAKCINAK 5tNii9t<om^
nefl Lakes Michigan and Hunaii Iki #
N. E. and S. VT. oourfe. ' '
MlCHlLLIMAKXINAK, tXi ttfaMfi*
fort, and village <m the S. W. fidt e£ tl»'
ftraits of the fame name. Th^ finatf
in<: on which the village and the foiK
commanding the ftrait, Hand, is W. M.
W. of White Wood lOand, in Lak^
Huron. In addition to the lands i>Ottail
I this poft to which the Indian, tithe iMid'
been extinguiflied by the French «i4'
Britifh govemtrents, the Indlaas faa»t'
ce(f?d by the trt^aty of Greenviitey 1^-
tra6l of land on the main, to the noOT
of the idand on which the ^^tlk «£
Michillimakkinak ftands, to meaAire €^
miles on lakes Huron and Michiiia^'
and to extend 3 miles back from ite
water of the hdie or ftrait, andalfi>l>e
Bois Blanc, or White Wood »!»;«!.
This laft was the volunt^.iy gift ti rii<^
Chipewa nation. The 'iand of Mich^
iliimakkinak is very barren, but, as ilS>
is the grand rendezvous of the iodiaii'
traders, u confxicrable trade is ea^ried^
on } and its very advantagieoiis fituation
feems to enfure that it will be, at fome
future period, a place of great commer*
ciat importance. It is within the>linc'
uf the United States, and was laiety d«.
livered up by the Biitiih. It is aboit
200 miles N. N. W. fi^xmi Detroit, ar 4
974 N. W. of Philadelphia. N. ijti
45. 10. W. lopg. 84. 30. '•" ■
MiCHILLIMAJCKINAK, Uttkt A ri-
ver in the N. W. Territory, which ca^
ters tUe luuth-eaftern fide of lUinuis ri-
ver, by a mouth 50 yards wide, and hat'
between 30 citd' 40 fmall idands At it»
mouth ; which at a diftance appear Mk#'
a fmall village. It runs a N. W.^
comfe, and is navigable about 9emue««>
On its banks is plenty of good titftbci'y
viz. rod and white cedar, piae, maple/
walnut, &c. as alfo coal mines. Itt-
mouth is ! 3 miles below tlic Old Piorii
as Fort and village, on the oppeOte fid^i
of the Tiver, at che S. W. eiitl e£tlti^
nois
f«o
MID
wh l^kt, and 1 95 milet from the MiT- i tweeit lat
UICHIPICQTON, a rivcrwhick emp.
tfea into Lake Silperior, on the noith>
tfi&MtJbf the bke. It hat iti fource
aoi ftr dtftant from Moofe river^ a wa-
m of James's Bay it i:-yM at its
aboth a bay of itt own name; t nd on
the W. jMrt of the bay, is a large ifland
to callecl, clofe to the land, a fmall (trait
onlyiepvatei i; from Otter's Head on
tbcnorth.
MiCHipicooTON Heufi, in Upper
Ounda, is fituated on the £. fide of the
■louth of the ttbove fiver, in lat^ 47< $6.
V» and belongs, to the Hudfon Bay
Company*
MiCMisco VI is the Indian and prc&nt
aameof the moft northerly river in Ver.
noot. It rifes in Belvidere» and runs
aearly north-eaft yntil it has crofled into
Canada, where it runs feme diftance, it,
lama W. then ^utherly, re-enters the
ttate of Vermont in Richford, and ernp-
tics into Lake Champlain, at Micbif*
eoui Bay at Highgate. It is navigable
fi»r tlie Urgeft boats to the falls at Swan-
town, 7 mifet from its mouth. Mi-
chifcoui. La Moclle, and Onion rivers,
•re nearly of the fame magnitude.
MiCHiscovi Tettg^te or B^y, a long
point of land which extends Ibutherly
into Lake Champliiin from the north-
«aft comer of the State of Vermont on
the W. fide of the bay of this name,
and ibmis the townfliip of Allburgh.
MiCKMACKs, an Indian nation which
inhabit the country between the Shapo..
dy Mountains, and the Gulf of St. Law-
rence in Nova-Scotia, oppoftte to St.
John's Ifland. Thisnation convey their
ICDtimentB by hieroglyphics marked on
the rind of the birch and en paper,
Whkh the Koman miflionaiies perfeAly
underftand. Many of tliem rcljde at
the heads of the rivers, in King's and
Bants ciounties.
MICOYA Bay it fituated on the S. W.
coaft of Mexico, or New-Spain, on the
North Pacific Ocean. In ibme charu
it is laid down in lat. fo. 15. N. ami
having Cape Blanco and Chira Ifland
for its Ibuth-eaft limit.
MiDDUi Sank, a fifliin^ ground in
the Atlantic Ocean, wliicn Ties fi'om
north-eaft to fouth-weft, between St.
Peter*s Bank and that of Sable hiand .•
and op|iofite to, and S. E. of Cape Bre |
M I D
44* 3^* and 45* 34* N. and
between kmg 57. 37. and 59.' «s.
MioDLsaoROVQM, the Nommfltti
of the ancient Indians, a townAip in
Plymouth county, MaffiKhi&tts,|)ound.
ed weft by Freetown and TaimtoA, eaft
by Carver and Warbam, and if 40 miles
S. by E. of Bofton ) was incorporated
in 1 669, and contains 4,5*6 inhBMtants.
This town was formerly thickly inha-
bited by Indian nativi;s, governed fay the
noted lachem Ttff>acaH t there are now
only 30 or 40 louls remaUibw, who, to
i'upply their immediate necefluies, make
and lell brooms and bo^ikets. The town
is remarkfible for a hrge range of ponds,
which produce fevend forts of fan, and ~
large ^uanc:*ies of i .vn ore. The bot-
tom ot Aflbwamfet Pond hiay b« laid to
be an tntire mine rf iron ore. Men go
out witli boats, ard ufe inftruments like
oyfter dred,<;es, r.o get up the ore firom
the Donom of the pond. It is now fo
much exhaufted, that half a ton is
thought a good day's work for one
man ; but for a nupuber of years ona
man could take up four times the quanJ
tity. In an adjacent pond there is yet
great plenty at so feet deep, as well as
from fnoaler water. Great quantities
of nails ai« made lure. In winter, the
farmers and young men are employed in
this manufaAure. Here, and at MiU
ton in Norfibik. county, the firft rolling
and flitting mills were ereAed about 40
yet^'S ago, but were imperfect: and un-
produAive, in comrarifon wirh thofe of
the ptvfent time. The prints of naked
hands and feet are to be feen <m feveral
rocks in this town, fuppofed to have
been done by the luidians. Thefe are
probably fimilar to thofe obferved in
the Stntes of Teimeffee and Virginia.
MiODLEsovo Ktyt a fmaJl iflot
feparated from ^ Martin's in the Vl^elt-
Indies en theN.E.
MiDDLEBERG, a new town of New-
York in Schoharie co. incorporated in
1797.
MiDDLBBURY, a poft-towa of Ver-
mont, and capital of Addifen county.
It is 33 miles N. by W. of Rutland, 1 5
tioni Vergennes, am| 37 S. E. of Bur-
lington. Here is a. brewery upon a
pretty large fcale. The townfliip lies
on the E. fide^ Otter Creek, and con-
taif>i 395 inhabitants.
Middle C^/«istotheS. W. of Cape
too I(ianda bid down in feme cluuts be- 1 Anthony, in btaten Land, W the flrait
of
M I B
I^ MaSre, tad the moft weftody point
of that UUmd j at the extremity of. 8.
AtotncZt
^idol£PI£j:.d, atoimfliipwKainp*
Jhire county* Maflachufettf, 39 miles
N. W; of Sprin^Id) and 1 35 miles
yrefterly of Bofton. It was tneorporated
ia 1783, and contains 608 inhabitants.
M1PDI.EH001C, a village in New-
Jerfey, . 8 miles W. of Branrwick, on
the crofs poft-road.from Biunfwick to
Flemi^gtont and on the N. bank of Ra>
riton river.
Middle IJUmdt or Ilbat dem MtSc,
on^the W. coaft of New-Mexico» and
are between the illands of Chira and St.'
Luke. Tbey are in the North Pacific
ocean, in lat. 9. 30. N. Tliere is only
from 6 to 7 fathoms from Chira to thele
iflands, and all vefl^Is Ihoukl keep nearer
to, tV.im than.io the main.
MiDPLEBVRG, or £0«i, the moft
fouthcrlv of .-^11 the Friendly Iflands, in
the fouth PaciBc Ocean } and is about
10 leagues in circuit.
MiDDLBfiEX, a county of Maflachu-
fetts, bounded north by the State of
New-Haiupfliire, £. by EITex county,
S. by Suffolk, and W. by Woicefter
county. Its figure is nearly equal to a
fquare of 40 miles on a fkie j its greateft
length being 52, and itsgreateft breadth
4% miles. It has 4a townfbips, which
contain 49,737 inhabitants. The reli-
gioqs Ibcieties are 55of Congregational-
ifts, 6 of Baptifls, and fome Presbyte-
rians. It was made a county in 1643.
It is watered by five principal rivers,
Merrimack, Charles, Concord, Naihua,
and Myflick j befides fmaller ftreams.
The chief towns are Charleftown, Cam-
bride, and Concord. Chstrleftown is
the only Tea-port in the county; Con-
cord is the moft refpe^able inland town,
and is neai- the centre of the county,
being 10 miles N. W. of Bofton. There
are in the county 14 fulling-mills, about
70 tan-yards, 4 paper-mills, a fnuff-
milis, 6 diftilleries, and about ao pot and
pearl afli houfes. The fouthern and
northern fides of the county are hilly, but
not mountainous, few of the hills ex-
ceeding 100 feet in height, and are co-
vered with,-wood, or cultivated quite to
their fummits. The air is generally
ferene, and the temperature mild. The
exticme variation of Farenheit'a ther-
mometer, msy be confidered as 100° in
a y^ar } bat it is in very few inftance%
MID %%i
that in the ooarle of a year k Kadjcp
either. extrenift 9a* may be wfmvlv^
as the cKticme fumaer ho^, wid 5 «r
6° below' e«« ai that of the wintnr 0QJ4«
In the wintered i794-^'97* it funk t»
1 10 below o. The foil it varioju, 19
fome parts ef richt black loam* and ia
others it ia %ht and fiusdj;. It pp.
duces the timbar, grain and fiiiit wnich
are common thtsuyhout the State, eith«r
by natural growth or cultivation.
Mini>i.ESBx, « maritime county of
Conne£Ucut, bounded north by Hartfi>nl
county, feuth by Lcog-Iflrad Sound*
eaft by Mew-London county, and weft
by New-Haven. Its greateft loigth is
about 30 miles, and its greateft breadth
19 miles. It is divided into 6 towq-
fhips, containing 18,855 inhabitants, of
whom aai are Haves. Connefiicut ri«
ver runs the whole length of the county*
and on the ftreams which flow into it ;
are a number of mills. Middlcton ia
the chief town<
MinoLSEX, a county of New-Jeriey*
bounded north by Effex, N. W.'ukI
W. by Somerfet, S.W.Inr Burlington*
S.'E. by Monmouth, eaft by Rariton
Bay and |>art of Staten Inland. It con-
tains 15,956 inhabitants, including
1,3 1 8 flaves. From the mouth of Rari-
ton river up to Brunfwick, the land on
both lidcs is generally good, both for
pafturags and tillage, producing confi-
derable quantities of every kind of grafa
and hay. Chief town New-Brunfwick.
MiDptBSEX, a county of Virsinia*
on the ibuth iide of Rappahannodt. ri-
ver,, on Chefapeak Bay. It is about 35
miles in lengtn, and 7 |n breadth, con-
tainuig 4,140 inhabitants, including
s,558flave8. Urbanna is the chief town.
Middlesex, a townfhio in Chitten-
don county, Vermont, on ttw north-eaft
fide of Onion river. It contains 60 in-
habitants.
Middlesex Canal (Maf&chufetts)
it is expe£led will be of great import-
ance to the States of MaflSchufetts and
New-Hampfhire. It is now opening at
a vaft ejwence by an incorporated com-
pany. The debgn is to open a water
communication from the waters of Mer-
rimack river at Chelmsford to. the har-
bour of Bofton. The route 0|f the canal
will be fout.xerly through the eaft parts
of Chelmsfc?d, and BUlerica, the weft
part of Wilmington, and the. middle of
W obiurn ; where it comet t« Smk ponds,
X from
j^tft MID
ftrnn wh!ch the waters rail by Myftick
river into Bofton harbour. The dif-
ttnce fWrni the Merrimack to thefe
pondt will be 17 milei. The canal will*
without nieetine with any large hills or
*teep valliesi be tbraighter than the coun-
ar road near it. The diftance from the
cnimack to Medfbrd, at the canal
will be made» it %7t and to Bofton, 3 1
mile*. The canal is to be 24 feet wide
at the bottom, and 3* at the top, and 6
ftet deep. The boats are to be i a feet
wkk and 70 feet long. The toll ic to
be 6 cents a mile forerery ton weight
which fhall pafs^ befidcs pay for their
boats and lalxnir.
Middle States, one of the Grand
Divifions of the United Slates, (fo de-
nominated in reference to the northern
and fouthem States) comprehending the
States of New- York, New- Jerley, Fmn-
fylTania, Delaware, and the Territory
N^ W. of the Ohio.
MiDDLBTON, an interior townfltip in
■ EfTex county, Maflachufetts, t% miles
northerly of Bofton. It was incorporated
in 17*8, and contains 6Ss inhabitants.
MiDDLSTON, a city and poft*town
- of Conne£licut, and the capital of Mid-
dlefex county, pleafantly (ituated on the
weftern bank of ConneAicut river, 31
miles from its mouth at Saybrook Bar,'
according to the courfe of the river j 14.
miles S. of Hartford, «6 N. by E. of
New-Haven, 40 N. W. by W. of New.
London, and 109 N. E. of Philadelphia.
Its public buildings are, a Congrega-
tional church, an Epifcopalian church,
a court* houfe and naval office. It con>
tains about 300 houtes, and carries on
aconfidr hie trade. Here the river has
to fee' V at full tides. N. lat 41.
35. "V . 77. It. This place was
called i.. .abefick, by the Indians, amt
was (ettttd in 1650 or 1651. Two
miles fron the city is a lead mine which
was wrought durin? the war, and was
produAive { but it is too expenflve to be
vrorked in time of peace.
MiDDLBTOWN, a townfhip in Straf-
ford county, New-Hampdiirc} about
40 miles N. hy N. W. of Portfmoiith.
It was incorporated in 1778, and con-
tains 61 •> inhabitants.
MiDDLBTOWN, a townfliip in Rut-
land CO. Vermont. It ctmtains 699 in-
habitants, and is 39 miies north of Ben-
nington.
Mif'DLiTOWN, a village on Long>
MID
Illand, New- York State 1 1 1 mites front
Smithtown, and 13 from Bridgehamp^
ton.
MiDDLBTOWKf a townlhip in Vlfter
county,' New- York, ere£led fropi Ro.
chefter, and Woodftock in 1789, and
contains 1,019 inhabitants,' including i
Aaves . In 1 796 there were 1 3 s of the
inhabitants entitled to be eleAors.
MiDDLETOWN, a townfliip in New.
port county, Rhode- Ifland State, con-
tains 840 inhabitants, including 15
flaves. In this town which is on the
ifland which gives name to the State,
and about % miles from Newport is the
large and curious cavity, in the rocks,
called Purgeiety.
MiDDLETOWN, a fmall poft-town
in Newcaftle county, Delaware, lies on
Apoquinlmy Creek, ai miles S. S. W.
of Wilmington, and 49. S. W. of Phi-
ladelphia.
MiDDLETOWN, in Monmouth coun-
ty, New-Jcrfey, a townlhip which con-
tains two places of Worfliip, one fm
Baptifts and one for the Dutch Reforki ■
ed church, and 3,aa6 inhabitants, in-
cluding 491 flaves. The centre of the
townfliip is 50 miles E. by N. of Tren-
ton, and 30 S. W. byS. of New- York
city. The light-houfe built by the ci-
tizens of New- York on the point of
Sandy Hook, is in this townfliip. The
high lands of Navefink, are on the fea*
coaft, near Sandy Hook. They are
600 feet above the furface of the water,
and are the lands flrft difcovered by ma<
riners on this part of the coafl.
MiDDLETOWN PciHt, M the above
townfliip, lies on the S. W. fide of tlie
bay within Sandy Hook, 9 miles E. by
N. of Spotfwood, and 14 north-weft of
Shrewfbiiiy. A pofl>ofHce is kept here.
MiDDLETOWN, a flourifhing town in
Dauphin county, Pennfylvania, fituated
on the N. W. fide of Swatara creek,
which empties into the Sufquehannah,
a miies below. It contains a German
church and above 100 huufes, and car-
ries on a briflc trade with the farmers in
the vicinity. It is eflimated that above
200,000 bufliels of wheat are brought
down thele rivers tinnualiv to the land-
ing place, a miies from the town. Con-
tiguous to the town is an excellent mer-
chant mill, liippiied with a conftant
ftrer.tn, by a canal cut from the Swata-
ra. It is 6 mills S. of Hummelfton, and
6a W. by N. of Philadelphia. N. lat.
40.
out in
of the
MIL
4.9. ti; W. long. 7<^ 44i There aft
alfo other Umndiipe V thU name in the
Ante I dw am in DelaiMire county^ the
other in that of Cuml .rlaw^
MiD33bBTOWN, in Freilerick timm.
tV) Maryland, Kes nearly 8 milea W.
N. W. of Frederickftown.
MiiK>LBTOWN, in Dorchefter coon*
tft Maryland* is about 5 miles N* of
the Cedar Landing Place, on TranT-
quaking Creek i 7 wefterly of Vienna,
and «|N. W. of Cambridge.
Midway, a village in Liberty coun>
ty, Georgia, so miles S. of Savanmh,
and 10 miles N. W. of Suubuiy. Its
inhabitants are Congrrgationalifts, and
•re the defcendants of emigrants from
JDorcheftcr near Boilon, in New-En^.
lahd, who migrated as early as 1700.
Midway, a townihip in Rutland
county, Vermont, eaftof and adjoining
Kutland.
MtrrLiN, a county of Pennfylvania,
(unrounded by Lycoming, Franklin,
Cumberland) Northumberland, Dau-
phin, and Huntingdon counties. It con*
tains 1,(51 fi^uare miles 1,1 84,960
acres, tiad is divided into t townfltips.
The mdUntains in this county abound
with iron ore, for the manuiaauring of
which, feveral forges have been errcted.
It is well watered by the Juniatta, and
other ftreams which empty into the Suf-
quehannah. Chief town, Lewiftown.
Mifflin, a fmall town lately la<*d
out in the above countv, on the eaft fide
of the Juniatta j 1 1 miles eaft of Lewif
town, and 1 38 from Philadelphia.
Mifflin, Fort, in Pennfylvania, is
tituated on a finall ifland, at the mouth
of Schuylkill river, 7bout 6 miles fouth
of Philadelphia.
MiLFiBLD, in Grafton county, New-
Hampfliire, fettleJ 1774.
MiLFORB, a townlhip in Mifflin
county, Pennfylvania.
MiLFORD, a poft-town of the State
of Delaware, pleafantly fituated on the
north fide of Mufpilicn Creek, about i»
mites weft of its mouth ia^ Delaware
Bay, 19 Sv by fi. of Dover, 7 fouth of
Frederica, and 95. S^ by W. of Phila-
delphia. It contains nearljr lao houfes,
ail built fince the war^ except one.
The irJwbitants are Epifcopalians,
Qmdcers and Mcthodiftsk
MiLtORD, a town of Northampton
county, Penidyivania, lately laid out on
the N. W. fide of the Ddawarr* on a
M 1 1
$n
lofty fituatton, at Wdl*t Fernr, ii«
miles above PhUadelpiaa. lafraittjof
thkto«mi whkbiHMtainaasytt.oiBlya
(ew houfeit tlie Hirer fimns a fore wtU
fitted fcr Aehcring boiltl utA lambcr jb
ftormi, or fire&es la the riveri Afitw-
mill and paper-mill liavc been cfsiflM
here 1 the latter halbnga to Mr. Wdi^
who has diibovered the method of mi-
king papdr and paftto>board, by fat^ftib
tuting a Iat]|e proportioa of ikW-duft i|k
the eoropofiuon*
MiLFORb, Jktioll-tQwnofCeniMa!^
ciit, on Long-Illiuid IbUnd, and iaNew^
Haven county, it milca 8* W^ bf lilcw*
Haven, and eaft of Stratbnl. Tb«
mouth of the creek on which it ftandi
has } £uhoms water. This town was
called fTtptwt^ by the Indians, and
was fettled in 16)8. ,It contains an E>
pifcopsd thurch^ and % Congregational
churches.
MiLFORb HOfoetn a deep i>ay on the
coaft of Nova Sicotia, to the Sk W.
round the point of the ftrait of Canfok
It receives feveral rivers inm. the N.
W. and S. W.
Military ymmi^jj^, in the State*
of New-York. The legiiOature of the
State granted one million and a hidf
acres of hnd, as a sratuity to the cA-
cei-s and foldiers of the line of ^s ^tate.
This traft, forming the hew county of
Onondago, is iiounden W. by the eaft
fliore of the Seneca Lake, and the Klaf-
fachufetts lands in the new county of
Ontario \ N. by the part of Lake Onta-
rio near Fort Ofwego } S. by .a ridge of
the Alleghany Mountains «nd the Penn-
fylvania lines ^""^ £• W ^ Ttkftarora
Creek (which falls nearlv into the mid-
dle of the Oneida Lake) and that part
of what was formerly Montgomery coun-
ty, which has been fettling by the New-
England people veiy rapidly fince the
peace. This pleafant tounty is divided
into 15 townfliips of 60,000 acres each,
which are agaih fUbdivided into 100
convenient farms, of 600 acres ; making
in the whole s,56o farms. This tra«
is well watered by a multitude of finall
lakes and rivers.
The refehred lands embofomed m thia
traA are as follow i a traft about 171
miles long, and 10 broad, including
the notthMi part of the lake Cayuga*
2hich lies in the cen re of it, to the
ayuga Indians. The Indians have
a vilkge on each file of the lakei and
m^
ivf tL
:' r
(Mlei^ It tlfeMrtli iM \ki !h lit. 4t.
44..ft|i ntthh; Oonmwa Caftle it afMnit
I Mitet lbtit& ttf the fttT^, on the eaft
Mt of Dike Cayitgl. TheOM6Miig6
]l!eftiiri(ioA il tmifclrnfilyis tni}e» btn^,
fiiii o httid) boiuMlkd ncn-th by the
riibm R«fihry«tieln, and part bt the
Idwnftfpi of Minlhii ahd CaAiillui;
A Ver^ AmU part of the foirth end of
••It lake is Withlh thfe ReferVation.
TtJe'Sal't S^MrM^rlnd the Sah LUkt)
vyith a tafall portion of grouM on each
fkleli ntkrm}tf the State; tta Mfat.
dl li^.gth it «| ttilfet, and the grtatdft
b¥^h of the R«6rVattoh 3|.
MiLlBU) fil^t it tin the E. fide of
H\idibh*t riv'er, 4^ miles north of Al-
bany* cohfifting of rapids in the river,
ind fiiferal ihiiTt thereon. It it fo call.
cd fitrh a littfe mud fort fotrnlKrly bnilt ;
there againft the Indians.
Mil. LEU'S, or Payquagit a river of
MlJWchufetts, «rhich rant W. by S.
and fallt into Cohnfe£tlcut river, be-
tween Northfield and Montague. It is
n heatrtifttl ftrtem, thoui;h in f6me pla-
ces very rapid. Its chief fource is in
Monomenbck pond in Rihdgt, New-
Hampfhire, ^d partly in Winchendoh }
Uie other in Naukheag pond in Alh-
liaiteham. Thefe with various ftreams
unite in Winchehdon, and form Mil<
ler's river.
Millers, afettlemeht: in Kemuclcy,
Dn a branch of Lidcing river, 3* miles
north-eaft of Lexington.
Miller's falls. See Sbutb Hadlej.
MiLLER*s.TowN, in Northampton
county, Peiihiyivanfa, H pleaftmtly fitu-
nted on a branch of Little Lehigh river ;
s6 mile* 8. W. of Eafton, and 47 N.
W. by N. of j^hiladelphia. It contains
about 40 houfes.
MiLLER*t-TowN. See Am/ille.
MiLLER's-Towfi, a fmall town in
Shehandoah county, Virginia, 31 miles
fouth of Wincherter. Two or thwe
miles from this place is the narrow paft,
formed by the Shenandoah river on one
fide, and a fmall brook on the other.
It it about a rod and a half wide, and
s or 3 long) on each fide is a bank of
aboiit lob feet high.
Mill Iffand, hear the N. W. end
of HudfonS Straitt} N. N. W. of Not-
tineham I(huid, and S. by E. of Cape
Comfort, bvt nearer to the latter. N.
tat. 64. 36. W. long. Ho. 30.
' MtLL J(/baut, a finati iOand in that
branch of Chigne^o Say wlilch nfflt
up due north, whilft the Bay particti-
Jarly lb eaHed, runs irt northeaft. It
is nearly ^xie weft 4 hiiles fi'om tlie
ntenirtft ^int of land.
Millstone, a fouth brat^bof Ra-
rilon river, in New-Jerffy^
MiLLStONE, a pleafaht rural vil-
lage, fituated on the river of its name,
14 miles N. of Princeton, in New-Jer-
fey, containing the feat of General Pre-
linghuyibn, and formerly the county
town df Somerfet.
Milltown, in the State of Dela*
tvare, tWo miles from Wilmington.
Milltown, in Northnrn'oerland
couhty, PennCylvania, on the £.' fide of
the W. branch of Sufquehannah river,
containing about 60 houiin, and 14 miles
N. by W. of Su'nbury.
Milton, a townfliip in Chittenden
county, Vermont, fituated on the eaft
fide of Lake Charhplaih, opj^fite to
South Hero Ifland. It is divided into
nearly equal parts by La Moille river,
which empties into the lake in Colchef.
ter, near the S. line of Milton. The
townfhtp contains tit inhahitMits.
Milton, the UMctadqmffdtt, or Un-
quety of the Ancient Indians, a townfiitp
in Norfolk county, Maffachufetts j ad-
joining to Dorchefter, from which it is
partly ieparated by Napdnfet river,
noted for the excellent quality of irs
water. It is 7 miles S. of Bofton, and
contains 1039 inhabitants} 3 paper-
mills, and a chocolate-mill. It was in-
corporated in 166 X. Milton hill affords
one of the fiheft profpefts in America.
M1LT6N, a townmip in the new coun-
ty of Saratdga in New-Yoik. By the
State cenfus of 1796, there were 301 of
the inhabitants who were eleftors.
Milton, a military townlhip in
Onondago county, KiW-York, fituated
on the N. £. fide of Cayuga Lake, near
its fouthern extremity; 40 miles N. of
Tioga river, and ai S. by E. of the
ferry on the N. end of Cayuga Lake.
It was hicorporated in i7<^> By the
State cenfqs of 1796, 1^1 of it's inhabi-
tants were electors.
Milton, a fmall town in Albemarle
county, Virginia, fituated on the S. W.
fide or the Rivanna, about 80 miles N.
W. by W. of Richmond. It has about
so hbufes and a warehotife for the in-
(}>e6t{dn of tobacco.
MiNAS, Bajm ^,'or ttr Mmit Bajt
forae-
MIQ.
fbmctiniw ilfo ctUed £# Grtmi fra^\
it a gulf on the^. E. fide of the Bay of
Fundy, into which ita waters pafi by a
narrow ftrait) and ftt up into Nova-Sco-
tia in an E. and S. direAion. It Is a-
bout 30 ieaguea from the entrance of
Annapolis* waA le from the bottom of
Bedford Bay. It is 1* leagues in
length, 'and three in breadth. See BafiM
0/Mimu.
Ml HAS, or D/ las Minat Hillt is the
ijiiddlcmoft of the three hills, defcrtbed
as marks within land for Bonaventura
Bay and river, on tht coaft of Peru, in
S. America t thefe.are S. of Panama
Bay, and in N. lat. 3. 10. W. long.
75. 18.
Mink au Fer, or Iron Mitus, on
the £. fide of MiHifippi river, is 67$
miles N. by E. of Chickafaw river, and
1 5 S. by £. of the Ohio. Here the land
is nearly AmiUr In quality to that bor-
dering on the Chickafaw river, inter-
fperfra with gradual rifines or fmail emi-
nences. There was a poft at this place^
near the former S. boundary of Virginia.
M:nehbad, a townfhip in Eflex
county, Vermont, on Conne&icut river.
M1N6VN Jflandst on the N. fide of
the mouth of the river St. Lawrence.
They have tlie idand Anticofti 8. diftant
10 leagues. N. lat. 50. 15. VV. long.
MiNoo-TowN, an Indian town on
the W. bank of the Ohio river, 86 mile*
N. E. of WiU'S-Town, by the Indian
P<»th, -\nd 40 fouth-wefterty of Pittf-
burg. It (lands a few miles up a iinall
creek, where there are fprings tliat yield
the petralf a bituminous liquid.
MiNGOBs, an Iiulian nation who in- \
habit near the tbuthciD branch of the
Sciota river. Warriors, 50.
M'NisiNK, a village in New-Jerfcy,
on the N. W. corner of the State, and
on the weftern lide of Delaware river ;
about 5 miles below Montague, and 57
N. W. of Brunfwick.
MiNisiNK, a townlhip in Orange
coi.nty, New- York, bounded eafterly
by the Wallkili, and Ibutherly by tli^
State of New-Jerfey. It contains z,z 1 5
inhabitants; of' whom 320 are entitled
to be eleAort, and 51 are flaves.
MiqtTELON, a fmall defert ifland,
« nfiilcs 5. W. of Cape May in New-
foundland Ifland.. It is the moft wefter-
ly of what have been called the 3 Iflands
f f St. Pierre, or St. Peter^ and is not fo.
MI 8 9i$
2%tglrM Ae odur tiMt taut it* ftil, it
I my faKliikrMit, aoi it u not mora ttum
tlire*<fiM»thB of » Imgue in Ingtk*
There is a paflagfe^ or cnuincl froin the
wcftwaii MMig liy : the N. end ^f thk
ifland into Fottune Bay on the S. co«i|
of Newfouridland. M. lat. ^7. 4. W.
long. 55. 55. {t it foffletlmes called
Maguelm.
MiRAOOANB, a to^ on the N. ikle
of the fouth pcnlnfUU of the ifland of
St. Domingo, and 8. fide bf the Bi^ht
of Leogane, at the head of a \.yy of ita
narnc. It is on the rood fixMn Jcremie
to Pon au Prince, aboa| 31 leagiuea Ec
by S. of the former, and •) W. <>y 8.
of the latter. N. lat. 18. •7.
MiRAMiCHi, or MiracU, z foetf bay
and- river on the N. E. coafl of Ne«^>
Brunfwick. The port iif at the mouth
of the river. - The entrance into the bay
is very wide) it has Point Portage fbr
its northern entrance, and its fouthern
fide is formed by Efcuminax point*
which ii 53 miles N. E. of Shediac hari.
hour, and 34 S. E. of the mouth of
Nippifighit river, which empties into
Chaleur bay. There is a falmoA fifliery
in Miramafhi river,
Mi Ray Bay, on the coaft' of the
ifland of Cape ilreton, is to the 8. trorn
Morienne Bay. Large veflels Kitty go
up i leagues, and have good anctibrage^
and lie fecnre from all wind«. N. kt.
46. 5- W. long. 59. 49*
MiRBBALAls, an interior town in the
French part of the ifland of St. Doniiq-
go, fituated nearly la leagues M. of
Port au Prince, on the road from that
city to Varettes ; from which laft it ig
14 leagues Ibuth-eaft.'
MisccvHiNs, a fmall tribe of In-
dians who inhabit between Lake Michi-
gan and the Miflifippi.
Miscou, or Mt/io, an ifland which
forms the S. fide of^the entrance of Cha-
leur Bay, and is now called Mufcow Ifl-
and. The gut of Chepayan, about a or
3 leagues in '.ugth, and in fome parts
near a league v^de, feparates it from the
N. E. coaft of New-Brunfwick. It a-
bounds with fait marfli hay.
Misery, an ifle between Salem and
Cape Ann in Maflachufetts.
MiSKO, an ifland on the fouth- weft
fide of Chaleur Bay, at its mouth.
MissiNABB Lake is fituated in the
north part of North- America, in lat. 48.
29. 4a. N. and long^ 84. a. 4** ^*
X i M18SINABB
St* MIS
MtiiriiABi XXn^ it fituated oa the
taft fide ol Moole thnr, S milff Awn
Miffimbe lake, and to W. by 8. of
Frederick Houle { and i« a ftation be.
longlBg to the Hodfon Bay Com-
pany.
MissK^AtH Rhur Nova-Scotia
and N«w.Brunfwick pravincet are fe-
^arated by the ftveral windinn of thia
liver, iran its confluence with Beau
Bafin (at the head of ChigneAo chan.
Iiel) to its rife or main feiirce { and from
thence by a due caft line to the bay of
Vcrte» in t'u ftraits of Northumbcrlancl.
See Hfvt y,-rwf>m:i.
. M>S9JSCovi. SteiiiMJime,
MissisiPFi Riwr. This nible ri-
ycr* which, with its eaftem branches,
iwatrrs five eighths of the United States,
"rrn^ their wc^i bpimdary* and tc-
fAi^.j» them from theSpanifii Province
of Louifiana and the Indian country.
Its fources have never been explored {
of Wftt(t its length it unknown. It is
conjeAured, h wever, to be upwards of
3,000 i!»«ies feng. The tributary
ftreams which fall into it from the weft
emd eaft, are numeroue, the largeft of
which are the Miflburi from the weft,
jmd the Illinois, Ohio, and Tenneflee
Irom the eaft. The country on both
fides of the Miflifippi, and an its tribu-
farv Arearos, is emal in goodnefs to any
in N. Atiierica. Tliis river is navigable
to St. Anthony's Falit without any ob-
ftruftion, and ^e travellers delciibe
it as qa/tgable above them. On both
^esO' this rivet are fait (jprings or licks,
which produce excellent ialt i aiid on its
branches are innumerable iiich i))rsngs.
BeliJcs the cual mines in (he upper
parts of the Ohio country, there are
great q)<ancitie» of coal P^ the upper
branches of this river, ^ume account
of the valuable productions oi) th ' fianirs
of chis majethc river, and the lands
which ith ':panchcs water, will be (vtn
under the dd'cription ui- X^otiifiana,
Weft-Florida, Tenotffce, Georgia, Ike.
&c.' An iliand oi conjiderablc Uzt is
fornieci by its mouths befides many
fmali.r tiles Thr;ic mouths are fitu-
ated heiwcen tiie latitude of a^* and
30. N and between the longitud'ti of
89 .4nd 90. W.
K«xsso.j»i River, in^ouiHana, fells
jnto the ^hliltiilpt from the weitward,
_j8 iniivS Selow tht mti6th of the Illi-
jbui», J ^5 ahonn lac mouth of tlie ObiO,
MIS
and about 1 ifio milea fion the Bailee, er
moutha of the Miflifippi in the golf of
Mexico. We have not Itiflicient know-
ledge of this river to give any correA ac-
count of the extent of its na^gaition. la
Capt. Hutchi»s*s map, it is faid Id be
navigable 1300 miles. Late travellers
up this river, (among whom, is a French
gentleman, a general officer, who has
made a map otnis expedition) reprefent
that the progrefs of fettlcment by the
Spaniards on the 8. and W. and by tite
Englifli on the N. aad E. of the Mil*.
fouri, is aftonifliing. People of both
(hefe nations have tirading-hoaTes Coo or
700 miles up ^his nvei. A Mr,
M'Krnzie has performed a tour fron^
Monti eal to the South Sea { and it ap.
pears by !iis map that by fliort portages,
and thcfe not vtty numerous, there is a
water communication, without gpreat in-
terruntion, from the Up^^r Lakes tq
Nootka Souiid, or itsneigitbourbood,
MjsaovRis, one of the ^nditn na.
tions who i* 'tabit the banks of the above
river, having, it is (aid, 1500 warriors.
Mistake Bayt a large bay on the
weft fide of the entrance ot I>svis*a
Straits, anu to the north of Hudfim*s
Straits { from which it is fepamted by
a peninfula of the iiorth main on the w.
and Reiblution Yfland on the finith. It
is to the N. E. of Nieva Ifland, and N.
W. of Cape Elixabeth.
Mistaken C^f, the fouth ptrintof
the eaftemmoft of the Hermit<s Iflaivds,
is about 3 leagues E. i^. £. from Cape
Horn, at the extremity of S. America.
Between :hefe, it is fuppofixl, there is a
paflage into Naflau Bay.
Mistaken Pomtt to the vireftward
of Cape Race, at the S. E« pi>>nt of th«
Id. nd of Newfoundland, iTtd to the
eaftwsrd of Cape Pine, is fo called be-
caufe it has beer frequently miftaken
by feamen for Cape ilace tvheii they
Hift iriske the ifland from the fo^ith*
ward, (.hough it is % leagues W. N. W.
trom jt.
Ml STIC, ur Mjffic, a (hort vlver
which f^ds into the north fide of Bof-
ton harbour, by a broad mouth on thf.
eaft fide qf the peninfula of Chavl^ftown.
It is navigai)le for floops 4. miU» to the
iiiduftrious Uiyjti of Medturd ^ and is
crofted u mile above its mouth, by a
bridge 1 30 rods in length, through
which veCels pafs by means of a draw.
MiSTiNSiMS; an Indian nation who
t
MOB
inhabit on the fouthern fide of the lake
of the fame name in Lower Canada.
MiiTisaiMNY Laktt in Canada, on
the 8. £. fide of which it a Canadian
Houfe* or ftation for trade.
Mitch LLL*t Eddy, the firft Alia of
Merrimack river, to miles from* its
mouth, and 8 ahove the new bridge
which conneAt Haverhill with Brad-
ford. Thutfar it ia navigable for Aipa
of burden.
MiTCMiOAMAS, an Indian nation,
who with the Piorias inhabit near the
fettlementa in the Illinois country. See
Fiorias.
MoAGES JJUmdst on the N. coaft of
S. America, in the entrance of the Gulf
of Venezuela. They extend from N.
to S. and lie weft of the Ifland of Aru-
ba } are 8 or 9 in number, and all, ex-
cept one, low, flat and full of trees.
The fouthernmoft is the largeft.
Mobile, a large navigable river,
formed by two main branches the Aia>
bama, and Tombeckbee, in the ibuth-
weftern part of Georgia, juft' below a
confiderable ifland, the fouth point of
which is in about lat. 31. s6. N and
long. 87. 55. W^. Thence puri'uing a
fouth cuurfe into Wcfl-Florida, the con-
fluent ftream enters the Gulf cf Mexico,
at Mobile Point in lat. 30. 17. N. 11
leagues below the town of Mobile. Large
veflels cannot go within 7 miles of the
town. The breadth of th« bay is in ge-
neral about 3 or 4 leagues. Vaft num-
bers of large alligators oaflc on the fhores,
as well as fwim m the rivers and lagoons.
See Georgia, Alabama, TonAeckkiu, 8rc.
From the north- eattern Iburce of the
waters of the Alai>ama to Mobile Point,
at the mouth of Mobile Bay, is, accord-
ing to the beft maps, about 460 miles >
large boat - can navigate 350 miles, and
cpnoet much farther.
Mjbilb, a ci.y of Weft- Florida,
formerly of confiderable fplendor and
Importance, but now in r.ftateof decline.
It t* pretty regular, of an oblons figure,
and hru ted on the W. bank of the river.
The iciayof Mobile terminates a little
to klie north-eaftward of thf town, in a
number or marihes and lagoons , which
fubjeft the people to fevers and agues
in the hot ieafon. It is 33 miles rorth
of Mobile Point, abotit 40 below the
jun6lionof the two principal branches
of Mobile river, and 30 W. N. W. of
Fenfacola. There are many very elegant
MOH 317
houfea hei«i inhabited by French, Eac •
HA, Scotch, and Irifli. Fort Cci)dc»
which ftands very near the bay, t^-
w)>rd« the lower end of the town, is a
regular fortrefs of brick } and there ia a
neat fquare of barracks for the officera
and foldiers. Mobile, when in poflisf.
fion of the Britifli, fent yearly to Lon-
don (kins and furs to the value of from
1 a to ^i 5,000 flerlin^. It furrendered
to the Spanifli forces in 1780.
MoBjACK Baf, fets up N. W. from
Cheiapcak Bay, intoGloucefter county*
Virgiui.1, on the N. fide of York ^iver.
MocOA, a city of Terra Firma, 8.
America, fituated at the main fource of
Oronoko river, there called Inirchin.
MocoMOKO, or Uttli Oretuh, a
gver to the S. £. of the great river O-
ronoko, on the E. coaft of S. America,
4 leagues weftward of Amacum.
MoDER and Daugbttrs IJUmds, a
long ifland 1 leagues eaft by fouth of
the Father, or Vaader Ifland, with %
fmall ones, fo called, near Cayenne, «n
the eaft coaft of S. America, not far
from the Conftables, and in about lat.
5. N. long. 5a. W.
MOGHVLBUGHKITVM, or MubuU
hucktitum, a creek which runs weftward
to Alleghany river, in Pennfylvania. It
is paflfable in flat-bottomed boats to the
fettlements in Northumberland county.
Wheeling is its northern branch.
Mohawk River, in New- York, rUes
to the northward of Fort Stanwix, about
8 miles from Black, or Sable river, a
water of Lake Ontario, and runs fouth-
wardly lo miles to the fort, then eaft-
waMly 110 miles, and after receiving
many tributary ftreams, falls into Hud-
fbn river, by three mouths oppofite to
the cities of Lanfinburgh ami Troy,
from 7 to 10 miles N. of Albany. The
produce that is conveyed down this ri>
ver, is landed at Scheneflady, on its S.
bank, and is thence conveyed by land 16
miles, over a barren, fanoy, flirub plain
to Albany. It is in contemplation either
to cut a canal from Schene6tady to the
navigable waters of Hudfon rivjer, or
to eftablifli a turnpike road between
ScheneAady and Albaiiy. This fim»
river is now navigable tor boatS| from
Schenectady, nearly or quite to itt
rource, the locks and canals round the
Little Falls, 5$ miles' above Albany,
having beca completed in the autumn
rf 1795 } ic thatJX»ts full loaded nor
X4 paff
/
3st ' M'bK MO I
paA them, llle canal. kxraAd ttwm U >diate1y below the bridge, divklct into
iMrly i •fa milci cut almoft the whole three braochee* wtticn fonn fivcral
«!Ufftaiice through ah uncommonly hardf larf;e iflands. The branche* are ford
The omning of tbii navigation
ie of nreaft advantage to the commerce
of the state. A fliorc of at Icaft looo
niUeain length* ii» in cotifequence of
it. walhed by hoatable watert, exclufive
of all the srcat lakc*> and many million!
of acres or excellent tillage land» rapidly
fettlmgf are accommodated with water
communicattion for conveying their pro>
dfttce to market. The intervalet on both
iidea of thitriver^ are of various width,
i^kI now and then interrupted by the
projcAIon of the hills quite to the banks
of the river) are fome of the richeft and
heft lands in the world. The fine farms
which embrace thefe intervales, are
owned and cultivated principally by
Dutch people, whofe mode of^ manag.
ing than would admit of great improve-
ment. The manure of their bams they
cnnfider as anuilance, and inftead of
Spreading it on their upland, which they
tmnk of (little value, (their meadow
lands do not require it) they either let
it remun for yeai-s in heaps, and re-
inove their bams, when accefs to them
becomes difficult, or elfo throw it into
the river, or the gullies and ftrfcams
which communicate with it. The
banks of this river were formerly thickly
fettled with Indians. At the period
when Albany was firft fettled, it has
been faid by refpe£lable authority, that
were were 800 warriors in $cheneQady;
and that 300 warriors lived within c
A>ace which is now occupied as one
farm. The Cohoez in this river are a
great curiofit^. They are 3 miles fi'om
Its entrance into the Hudibn. The ri-
Ver is about lOoo feet wide; the rock
over which it pours, as ever a mill-dam,
extends from S. W. to N. E. almoit in
iiine from one fide of the river to the
other, and is ^bout /).o feet perpendicu-
far height, and including the defcent
above, the fall is as much as 60 or 70
&et. About a mile below the falls, is
a handfome bridge, 6niflied in July,
3795. It is 1 100 feet in length, 34 in
breadth, and 1 5 feet above the bed of
die* riirer, which for the moft part is
rock, and is fupported by thiiteen folid
none pillars. It is a free bridge, and
UKluoing the expence of cutting through
a fedge on the N. £, fide of Uie river,
coft iZ}09Q dollar!. The river ipune-
able at low water, but are dangerous.
From the bridge you have a fine^view of
the Cohoes on the N. W.
Mohawk, a branch of Delaware
river. Its courfe from its fource in
Lake Uttayantha is S. W. ^5 miles,
thence S.E. st miles, when it mingles
with the Popachton branch } thence the
confluent ftreain is called Delaware.
Mohawk, a town on the S. fide of
the river of its name, in Montgomery
county. New- York, fituated in one of
the moft fertile countries in the world.
It was abandoned by the Mohawk In-
dians in the fprins of^i 780. See Hunitr
Pert. The towiwiip is bounded north-
erly by Mohawk river, eafterly and
(butherly by Albany county. In 1790,
it contained 4440 inhabitants, including
III flaves.
Mohawks, an Indian nation, ac-
knowledged by the other tribes of the
Six nations to be *' the true old heads
of the confederacy." They were for-
merly very poweri'ul, and inhabited on
Mohawk river. As they were ftrongly
attached to the Tohnfon family, on ac-
count of Sir William Johnfon, a part of
them emigrated to Canada with Sir John
Johnfon, as eaily as the year 1776,
About 300 of this nation now refide
in Upper Canada. See Hmter Fort and
Six Nations.
MOHEGAN, fituated between Nor-
•vich and New-London, in Conne£licut.
rhis is the refulence of the remains of
the Monhegan tribe of Indians . A con-
fiderable part of the remains of this
tribe lately removed to Oneida with the
late Mr. Occom. See Brotbertown.
Mqhiccons, a tribe of Indians who
inhabit on a branch of the Sufquehan-
nah between Chagnet and Owegy. They
weie reckoned by Hutch ins, about jo-
years ago, at 1 00, but by Imlayj in 1 7 7 5 ,
at only 70 fighting men. They were
fomierly a confederate tribe of tlieDela-
wares. Alio an Indian tribe, in the
N. W. Territory, who inhabit near
Sandiifky, and between the Sciota and
Mufkingum ; warriors, 60.
MoiNS, a river of Louifiana, which
empties from tlie N. W. into the Mifli-
fippi, in lat. 40. ao. N. The Sioux
Indians defcend by this river.
MoisiE Ri'vtKi on the N. ihore of
th9
' M d N
the St. LiwrcPCCr U about s letsguet W. |
8. W. of Little Saguena river from i
which to the W. K. W. within the
Seven Iflandt, i* a bay to called from
thefc iflandt.
Mobi. Tbt, ii Atuated in the N. W.
I tart of the iiland of St. DomtngOr i
eaguea E. of Cape St. Nicholas, and
is often called by that name. The Mole,
though inferior, by a great deal, to Cape
IPrancois, and Port au Prince, is tlie
firtt port in the iiland f6r fafety in time
of war, being ftrongly fortified both by
nature and art. Count D*Eftaing, un-
der whofe direAion thefe works were'
conftraited, intended to have eltablifiied
here the feat of the Frencli government }
but the produAions of its dependencies
were of too little value to engage his
fucceflbrs to carry his plan into effeft }
fo that it is now no more than a garri-
fon. It has a beautiful and fafe port,
and is confidered as the healthieft titua-
tion in St. Domingo, by reafon of the
fturity of its fprings. The exports
rom Jan. t, 1789, to December 31, of
the fame year, were only 165,6 15 lb.
cofFee»i6,86ilb. cotton— 1,8231b. in-
digo, and other fmall articles to the va-
lue of -^9 livres. The value of duties
on exportation 1,150 dollars 11 cents.
It is 4 leagues W. of Jean Rabel, 1 1
N. W. of Bombarde, 36 W. of Cape
Francois, and 17I W. by S. of Port de
Pabc. N. lat. 19. 50. W. long. 75,4.8.
MoLlNE's Gutt on the S. W. fide of
the iiland of St. Chriftopher's in the W.
Indies, is the firit rivulet to the S. E.
of Brimftone Hill, near the mouth of
which is anchorage in 5 and 10 fathoms,
and a clear fliore j but to the eaftward
of it ar-r Tome Ainken rocks.
MoHA, or La GutaoKt or The MoHt,
a fmall ifland, 11^ leagues S. W. of
Point I'Epee, which is the fouth-weft-
. ernmoft point of the ifland of St. Do-
wning, and 14^ leagues W. of the S.
W. point 'of the ifland of Porto Rico.
|t is 1 leagues from E. to W. and a
little more from N. to S. It has feve-
ral ports for fmall veiTeU, plenty of good
water, and all that would be neceflfary
for fettlements of cultup?, and the breed-
ing of cattle. Its fruit trees, and par.
ticularly the orange, are much extolled.
A league and a half N. W. of Mona is
ja very fmall ifland, called Monlque, or
the Little Monkey.
, MQM4PK0.CK) Gf'tatf a mountain
MON «i9
fitoated In Cheflilre €0. Mew-Ha^^
(hirci between the towaa of Jaffrav «U
Dublin, 10 milcf N* of the Maflaebi-
fetts tine, and is mllea t!.of Coonuli-
cut rivtr. The foot of the bill U 1 S9S
feet, and its fnmmit t»s4 feet, ab«w
the level of the fea. m bafe is 5 miWp
in diameter fromN. to S„ and s from E.
to W. On the fides are Iohm wponx-
ances of fubterraneoui fires. Itaituih
mit it a bald rock.
MoNADMoCK, UjiPfr C7rMf, fthijDi
mountain, in Canaan, in the N. £• cor«
ner of the State of Vermont.
MoNAUAN, a townfliip in York co*
Pennfylvania.
MoN DAY Bey, on the 8. fltore of the
flraits of Magellan, in that part ofibe
ftraits called the Long Reach, and 4
leagues W. of Pillpot Aiy. It is near-
ly S. of Buckley Point, on the N. 6At
of the ftrait, and affords good anchar-
age in 10 fathoms.
Monday, a cape in the above ftrait«»
7 leagues W. N. W. of Cape North. 8.
lat. 53; 11. W. long. 75. 10.
MoNOoN, on the coaft of Pern, oa
the S. Pacific Ocean, is 10 leaguea N«
of the harbour of Guarmey, and 4 lea-
gues from Bermejo Iflanot which liea
between the former nlaces. Cafina ia
4 leagues N. of it. Mongon is knovm
at fea by a great moimtain juft over it,
which is feen farther than any others on
this part of the coaft.
MoNooN, Cdi^, onthe S. fideof the
ifland of St. Domingo, is 3000 fathonM
N. of Point Bahoruco and the river Na-
yauco, and nearly S. of the little port
of Petit Trou.
Monhegan, or Metthegottt a fmall
ifland in the Atlantic Ocean, i» mike
fouth-eafterly of Pemaquid Point, ia
Lincoln co. Diftri£t of Maine, and in
kt. 43. 41. North of it are a number
of fmall ifles at the mouth of St. George's
river. Captain Smith landed his party
here in 1614.' The chimneys and re-
mains of the houfes are yet to be ieen*
MoNETou JJlandsy in the N.W. Ter-
ritory, lietowardti rhe £. fide of the Mi-
chigan Lake, towards its N. end, and
fuuthward of Beaver Iflands.
MoNKTON, a townfliip in Addifon
county, Vermont, E. of FeiTiflturghy
and contains 450 inhabitants.
MoNKToN, a townfliip in Annapolis
county, Nova-Scotia, inliabited by Aca-
diansf and a few families from New-
England.
I|9 M O til
BnglMid. It Iks partly on th« bafon of
• * ^ Miry»«
wood-nnd
i about 60
tenKM.
MONCLOTA, a town of NcwLeon,
M. Amertcat fituatcd 8. E. of Con-
juif ■no. ix iMi paniy on \tn 1
AiiMpelUt ami partly on St.
lav» andconfifti chiefly of wo
a«f Ah<narfli. It contains ak
MoN MotTTMt a hrge maririme cotm-
ty «f Ncw>Jcri«y> of a triangular fliape,
ivmilca in length* and from as ^ 4<> >»
fcvcadthi bouiMcd north by part of Ra-
iHen Bay, N. W. by Middldfai
CO.
S. W. Iw Burlington'i and E. bv. the
•cwttb It it diTidcd into 6 townmipt,
nnd contahM 16,91 1 inhabitant*, inchxl*
ing 1 596 davea. The face of the coon-
IT b generally level, hav&ig bnt few
Ub. The mot noted of thefe are the
ivb-landa of Navefink and Centre-
MM, Stt MiHkto>wm. A great part
of the county it ^ a fiindy foil ( but
•Iher ynn% are firrtib. There ia a vcrv
curiout cave, now in niina , at the mouth
ofNav^finli river, 30 fe«t long and 15
wide, and contains three archra apart«
aaenta.
MoHMOVTH, or FretkoUt * poft-
town of New- Jerfey, and capital of the
above 00. fmiated at miles N. E. by E.
•f AUentown, 34 eaft of Trenton, 14 S.
W. by S. et Sbrewibury, and 64 N. E.
by E. of Philadelphia. It contains a
covrt-houfc and gaoK and a few compaft
dweUnqp-houies. This town i* remark-
able for the battle fought within its li-
mits on the a7th of June, 1 77S, between
the armbs ot General Washington and
Sir Henry Clinton. The latter having
cvacuatea Philadelphia, was on hit
march to New- York. The lofs of the
Amerbans, in killed and wounded, was
about »50 i that of the BrittOi, inchifive
of prifoners, was about 3 50. The Bri-
tilh purfued their march the ni^ht after,
without the lofs of their covermg pany
or baggage. See FreehoU.
Monmouth, a fmaU poft-town in
Lincoln co. fituated on the eaft fide of
Androfcogein river, 15 miles W. byS.
of HalloweU court-houl'e, 5 wefterly of
Winthrop, 10 N. E. by N. of Greene,
49 N. of Portland, and i&o N. by E. of
fiofton.
MoNMOVTH Cattt on the E. fids of
the Straits of Magellan, about halfway
from the fouthern entrance of the fecond
Narrows to the ibuth.eaft angle of the
ftraits oppofite Cape Forward.
MOK
MoNMOVTH (Imm/, ont of the four
iflands of Royal Reach, in the Straits
of Magellan, and the iccond tirom the
weftward.
MONOCACY, a river which afto* a
S. S. W. courfe, empties into) the Pa-
towmac, about 50 miles abdve George-
town.
MoNONOAHELA J?it;tfr, a branch of
the Ohio, is 400 ynrdt wide at its junc-
tion, with the Alleghany at Pirtiburg;.
It is deep, gentle and navinible with
batteaux and barges beyond Reil Stone
Creek, and ft ill further with lighter
craft. It rifet at the toot of the Laurel
Mountain in Virginia, thence meander-
ing in a N. by E. direAion, paflfcs into
Penniyrvania, and receives Cheat river
from the S. S. E. thence winding in a
N. l^ W. courfe, feparates Fayette and
Wcmnoreland from Wafliington coun-
ty, and paffing into Albghany eoimty,
joins the Albghany river at Ptttfturg
and form A the Ohio. It is 300 yartb
wide I a or 15 miles from its mouth,
where it iTceives the YoughiogaiU
from the fouth-eaft, wlMch is navigable
with hattraux and barges to the foot of
Laurel hill. Thence to Red Stone, at
Fort Byrd, by water ia 50 milea, by
land 30. Thence to the mouth of Cheat
river, by water 40 miles, by land a8 j
the width continuing at 300 yards, and
the navigation good for boats. Thence
the width is aliout too vavds to the
weftem fork, $0 miles higner, and the
navigation frequently interrupted by rt-^
pids { which, however, with a fwell of
a or 3 feet, become very paffaKle for
boats. It tlwn admits Keht boats, ex-
cept in dry feafons, 65 mues fiirther, to
the head ofTvgart's Valley, prefenting
only ibme fmall rapids and falls of one
or two feet perpendicular, and ledeningin
its width to 10 yards. The weftem
fork is navigable in the winter, towarda
the northern branch of the Little Kan-
haway, and will admit a good waggon
toad to it. From the navigable waters
of the fouth-eaftemmoft bratich of the
Monongahela, there is a portage of 10
miles to the fouth branch of I^itowmae
river. The hills oppofite Pittibiirg on
the banks of this river, which are at
leaft 300 feet high, appear to be one fo-
lid body of coal. On thie Pike run of
this river, a coal hill has been on fire 10
years j yet it has burnt away on|y ao
yards.
' M0N0NOALIA>
If ON
MoMOVOALiA, a county in the N.
W. part of Virginia, about 40 milw
Ipfig an4 30 broad, ud contains 4,7!!
iababitantii including iSAflavM.
MoNPOX. a city of Terra Flrma,
about 75 milct 8. £. by E. of Toiu*
M0N8IAO Apr, in Lincoln county,
OiftriA of Maine, ia inaratcd from
Sbeiplcut river, by the ffland of Jerc.
my^uanu
MomOM, a townfliip in Hampfliire
Cpunty, Malbchufirtte, B. of Brirofield,
•nd to miles 8. W. by W. of Bofton,
and 5* from Portfinouth. It was inoor.
poratcd in 17(0, and contains isji in.
habitants*
MONSiis, the third tribe in rank of
the XMaware nation of Indians.
M«iiiT40Vi, a townfliip in Hamp-
(hire co. Mafljuzbufetts. on tlie E. bank
9f ConoeSicut river, between Sunder-
land and Wcndel, about it miles north
of Northampton, and 97 miles weft by
north of Bofton. It was incorporated
in 1753, and contains 906 inhabitants..
A company was incorporated in 179s
to build a bridge over the river here.
The work has not yet been completed.
MoNTACUifthe northemmoft town-
fliip in New- Jeriffw, is fituated in Suflex
CO. on the eaft fide of Delaware river,
pibout 5 miles N. E. of Minifink, and 17
por^h of Newtown. It contain* 543 in-
habitants, including *$ flaves.
MoNTApuR, the largeft of the fmall
ifland^ in Prince Wil'iam^s 8ound, on
the N. W. coaft of North-America.
MONTAVK Pomtt the eaftern extre-
mity of Long-Ifland, New. York. A
jtra^ here, called TurtU HiU, has been
c«ded to the U. States for the purpofe
of building a light-houfe thereon.
MoMTB Cbrtftt a cape, bay, town,
and river, on the north iide of the ifland
of St. Domingo. The cape is a very
high hill, in the form of a tent, cailetl
by the French Capt la Grange f or Barn,
!lt is fltuated in lat. 19. 54. 30. N. and
in long. 74. 9. "30. W. of Paris. A
ftrip of level land joins it to the territory
of Monte Chrift, and it is owing to this
that the cape has been taken for an ifl>
and. It is 14 leagues N. E. by £. .<5
Cape Francois, where it may be I'een ir
a cwar day with tlks naked eye. After
doubling this cape, we find the bay of
Monte Chrift running nearly S. W.
It is formed by Cape la Grange, on one
JQde, aikl Point des Dunes (Down Point)
M O N 3SI
onthcolhcrt about <,soo6tboaM ate.
der. The bay is about 1,400 hAotm
det^ and iu windingU nearly 4lea|Mb
About 900 fathools from the cast, 4i.
fccndinp tho bay, we llnd the lifflt MU
and of Monte Chrift, i$o fathoms from
the flioie. One amy Ihil betwsmtha
two, witu a, 4, and 5 fiuhoms watarg
and about a5o ftthoma further on, in
anohurage in from 6 to le fathoms. A
league and a quarter from Cape In
OnuM, is a battery intended to pntift
a landing place, of 100 fathom* wide,
which is below, and oppofite the town
of Monte Chrift. The town of Monte
Chrift ftandins; at too fiithoms from dit
Tea fide, rifts in form of an arophitheatm
on the fide of the coaft, which is vfrr
high all round this bay. The towfl h
soo fiithoms fquare, which l]|>ace is dU
vidcd into 9 puts, cut by two ftretta
runnhiff from E. to W. and two others
from N. to 8. It wu founded hi i s%%p
abandoned in 1606, and now but a poor
phce, deftitute of every relburce but
that of cattle raifed in iu territory, and
fold to the French. The town and ter-
ritory contabi about 3,000 fouls. Then
is a trifling garrilbn at Monte Chrift.
About a league from the battery, fol-
lowing tlie winding of the bay, is tha
river of Monte Chrift, or more proper-
ly, the river Vaqui. The laiul round
the town if barren and Tandy { and the
river contains great numbers of croc6-
diles. Monte Cnrift is a port well known
to American fmugglers, and carries oil s
great commerce from its vicinity to the
French plantations. In the time dl
peace, all the produce of the plaui of
Mariboux fituated between Fort Dau-
phin and Mancenillc Bay, is fliipped
here, and in a war between France and
Britain, it ufed to be a grand market, to
which all the French in the north part
of the ifland ient their produce, and
where pureh-tfers wire always ready.
MONTK ChriJI, a chain of moun-
tains which exttnd parallel to the north
coaft of the ifland of St. Domingo, fiom
the bay of Monte Chrift, to the bay of
Samana on the E. Two large rivers
'ill in oppofite directions along the
rouihem hde of this chain. The river
Monte Chrift or Yaqui in a W. by S.
direAion, and Yiina river in an E. by
S. courfe to the bay of Samana. They
both rife near La Vega, and have nume-
rous bi'anches.
MONTEGO
MdNTvGO Bin n on the IST. fide of
tIleUlaiKt<^JaihaiGa» ao miies E. j^yN.
of Luce* liicbaur, and s s .W. of Martha
Bftifc/ Thif 'was formerly a flouriflking
sisd oj>«iknt town : it condftcd of axs
fcouft|> 31 of wbtch were capital ftores,
aiuf i^ntainrj about 6J0 whiee ir.habi.
taats. The number of topfail vefleU
«^i<h cleared annually at this port were
al«oitt 150, 6f which 70 were capital
4upt } but in this arcount are included
part of chofe which entered at KingA
ten. This 5ne town was almoft total-
ly dcftroyed hy an accidental ^re, in
Jnly, 1795} the damage wfts eftimated
at/.£oo,ooo fterling.
MoNTBViDEO> u ha^ and town of
Xa Piata or Paraguay, m S. America,
firuated on the northern fide of La Pla-
ta river, in lat. 34.' 30. S. It lies E* of
Buenos Ayres, and hns its name from a
mo'jntain which overloo|c$ it, about lo
lta;^s from Cape Santa Maria, at the
mourh of the Plata.
Montgomery, a nev coimty in
tbe Upper Diftri£t of Georgia.
"Montgomery, a county of New-
Tork, at Aril called Tryoh, but its name
waa changed to Montgomery in 17841
bV aA of the Leglflature. It rcnr,ft«{
of SI townfliipe^ which contained 29;^48
inhabitants, according to the cenliis of
i79i> Since that period the counties
of Herfcemer and Oti'ego have been
ertAed out of it. It is now bounded
N, and W. by Htrkemer, £. by Sara-
toga, S. by Schoharie, and S. W. by
Oti'ego CO. By the ftate cenfus of 1796,
it ie divided tnto 8 townlhips } and of
tbe inliabitants of thefe )37o are quali-
6ed eleflors. Chief tov 1, Jolinfton.
MoNTGOMEftY, a townlhip in Uifter
CO, New -York, bounded . eaft-rly by
X^e^-Windfor ami Newburgh, and con-
tains 35S3 inhabitants, including 236
ibves. By the Tiate cenlUs of 1796,
497 of the inhabitants were qualified
electors.
MONTGOMBRY, afovt in New- York
Stave, ittuated in the High Laud?, on the
W. bank cf Hndfon's river, or the N,
fide of Popelop's Creek, on which are
xome iroii-woiks, oppofite to St. Antho-
ny's Nofe, 6 mllcb S. of VV.Poinf, and 51
fi-om New-York city. The fort is now
in ruins. It was reduced by the Britifli
in Oftobci, 1777. See Mnthony*s Nofe,
MONTGOMRRY, a tOWilihlp ijl
Franklin county, Vcimoir,
' M ON .
MoRTGOMtRY, «towfiih!p!» Hsmp.
<hi(e co; MafikchuArttt, 100 miles fronf
Bofton. It was incorpor-ited in i7to»
and contains 449 inhabitants,
Montgomery, a county in'' Penn-
fylvania, 33 miles in length, and 17 in
brculthj, N.W. of PhHadclphia county^
It is divided intoa6townfhipSi and con.
tains 22,919 inhabitants, inchiding 114
Haves. In this caimty ar . )S grift- mills,
61 faw-mills, 4 forges, u fu$ng mills,
and 10 paper-.^iUs. Chief town, |^or«
ritown,
Montgomery, a townfliip in the
above county. There is alfo a town(hip
of this name in Franklin, county.
Montgomery, a coimty in Salif,
bury diftri£l, N. Carolina, containing
4725 inhabitants, including 834flaves.
Montgomery, ;\ county of Virgi-
nia, S. of Botetourt county. It is about
100 miles in length, and 44 in hrea^th,
and contains fome lead mines. Chief
town, Chriftianftnurg.
Montgomery Court-Houfe, inVij^
ginia, id 28 miles from Anion court-
houfe, a6 from Wythe court-houfe, ajtd
40 from Salisbury. It is on the pgft-
road from Richmond to Kentucky. A
poft office is kept here.
Montgomery, a county of Mary,
land, on Patowmac river. It contains
18,003 inhabitants, including 6,039
(laves.
Mo KTGOiazvY Court- Houfe, in the
abovp county, is »8 miles S. E. by S. of
Frederickitown, 14. north by weft of
George- town on the Patowmac, and 35
fouth-wcfterly of Baltimore.
Montgomery, a new cornty In
Tensieffet State, Mero diftrift. Thia
and Kobertlbn county are the territory
formerly called Tennejfee Countjt the
name of which ceafcs fince the State
h^s taken that name,
Montmokin, a new town on the
north bank x)f Ohio river, 18 miles
below Pittfjurgh, fituated on a beautiful
plain, very fertile^, and abounding with
coal.
Mo NT PC MS r, a townfhip in Cale-
donia CO. Vermont, on the N. E. fide of
Onion river. It has 118 inhabitants^
and is 43 miles from Lake Champlain.
Montreal, the fecond city in rank
m Lower Canada, ftands on an ifland
in the river St. Lawrence, which is 10
leagues in length and 4 in breadth, and
has its name iiom a very high mountain
about
trrw
ftbotit tlie tnitkl'.j of it which it Qxtht to
overiook.lik« s monarch ftHm hi* throne ;
hence the French called it Mot^^tal or
Royal Moutitaitt. While the French
had pofleflton of Canada, both the city
add tfland of Montivai beloitgec' to pri-
vate proprietors, who had improved them
fo well that the whole ifland had become
a deligl'tful fpot, and produced eveiy
thii^ that couki adaitnifter to the con-
venience of life. Thei;ity, around which
is a vf y good wall, biiilt by Louid XIV.
of France, fontls an obbng fquare, di-
vided by regular and well fornsed ftrests j
and wher* taken by the Britifli, the
hoiifesi were built in a very handfome
manner , and eveiy houle might be feen at
one view from the harbour, or from the
ibuthemmoft fide of the liver, as the
hill on the fide on which the town Qaads
falls .gradually to the water. Montreal
contains about 6ogt houfes, few of them'
elegant ; but fmce it fell into the bands
of the Britith in 1760, it has fufFered
much from fire. A regiment of men
are Rationed here, and the governnie,nt
of the place borders on the military.
It is about half a league from the fouth
iliore of the river, 179 miles fouth-
weft tf Quebec, Trois Rivieres being
aboxU half way J 110 north by weft of
Crown Poir.i { 308 north by weft of Bof-
ton,'and 350 north byeaft of N^'i^ara.
Northlat.45. 35.weiUong. 73. See
St. Lawrence. The river St. Lawrence
is about three miles wide at Montreal.
There is zn ifland nea^ this middle of the
river oppoftte the city, at the lower end
of which is a mill with 8 pair of ftones,
«il kept in motion, at the fame time, by
one wheel. The works are faid to have
coft ^. 1 1,000 fterling. A large mound
offtone, &c. built out into the river,
ftops a iuificiehcy of water to keep the
-mill in continual motion. And what is
very curious, at the end of this mound
or (lam, veflels pafs agaiitfi: tiie ftream,
• wlHle the mill is in motion. Perhaps
there is not another mill of the kind in
the world.
MoNTRE AL,a riverwhich nmsnorth-
eaftwan! into X.ake Supeaor, on the
fouthem fide of the lake.
Montreal Bay lies towards thcE.
end of Lake Superior, having an ifland
at the N. W. fide of its entrance, and
N. E. of Caribou ifland.
MoNTROUts, atown in the weft part
of theiflsuid of St. Domingo, at the head
M <l
of thr Bight Qf |»eogskB<^ slettne* li«i^
eaft of St. Mark, ai4 if nonh«-wMI^
Fort «u PrfJicf . ^ -^
MoNT^EkiiAT, olM^9ftheCartt|l«i|
iflands, an<i the finalleft «^ them h| tl)
Atlantic Ocean. Columbus A{t
it in i4$3. It is of a^' oval farm, jleq^ej
in length, and as maify in bre:idth, coBft^j
taining about 30,000 acres of .lan^f oif
which ahnofc two-thirds are very moo%f
taiinous. or very ban^n. Tho cuUiva»<|
tion of fugar occupies 0000 acresj j^gtb-
ton, fH-ovifton and pafturage hasp *oo«
acres allotted for each. No othW ^k
}Hcal fta pies are raifed. The prodl«c«
tions.were, on an average* from i784-t9
1788, 2737 hhds of fugar, of i4cwt.
each, 1 107 punch^ns of nnnVanJ a7s
bales of cotton. The total exportii
from Montierrat and Nevis in i78jf,
were in value 214^14.11. i6s..8d. oc
whi»h the value of i^3)9Sil'. i«8. €d.
w^as exported to the American States.
The inliabitants of Montferrat amoiuic
to 1300 whites, and about 10,000 ne-
groes. Tlie Hrft fettlers, in 163 v were
Iriflimen, and tlte prefcHt inhahitaat*
are chiefly their detcendants, or othflr
natives of Ireland iince fettled there, bjr
which means the Irifh language is pre.
ferved there even 5»mong jhc negroes^
The ifland is furrounded with rocki^
and the riding before it is veiy precari-
ous and dangerous on the approach of a
tornado, having no haven. It has ooiy.
three roads, vi?. Plymouth, Old Har-
bour, and Kei's Bay j where they ace
obliged to cbferve the fane methods as
at St. Chriflopher'sin Io;\ding or un-
loiidiqg the veffels. It lies yo miles S.
W. of Antigua ; the fame diftance S.
E; of Nevis, and is fubjeil to iGreat-
Britain. N. lat. 16. 47. W. long. tiz.
M'ONTSIOUGK, a river or bay in Lin-
coln CO. Diitrift of" Maine, which com-
municate'i with the rivers Sheepfcut and
Kennebrck.
MOKTVILLE, a townfhip in New-
London CO. Conneflicut, about 10 miles
N. of New-London city. It has aosj
inhabitants.
Monument Baji, on the eaft coaft
©f Maffachufetts, is formed by the bend-
ing of Cape Co'f It is fpacious and
convenient for the pr6te£lion of fliip-
piog*
Moore, a county of N. Carolina, ip
Fayette diftrift. It contains 3770 in-
habitants,
3^4 Uoo
htkHtuitf, kmUnAing 371 flam. Chief
tBWBy AIlORUnMI*
where a poft-effce b iupt, !• 38 miles
lifionIUndoi^court-houle»aikl4c Mm
rncttevilie*
Mo«RriiL9, in Newjerfar, it
nOea eafterty of PhikKlelphhi.
Mooitt Art, a pbcc to called in 8.
CurolfaB, is a <^penlona bhtflT, or hich
verpendicohur bank of earth 00 me
f^mUna ffiore of Savwwah river, per-
hapa 90 or 100 ftet above the common
tamet of the water, exhibitiiy the fm-
gnfaur and pkafing ibcAaele to a (bran-
Igor, of prodiffious walls of parti* coloured
tavtlu, chimy chyt and marl, as red,
laown, yellow, bhie, purple, white, &c.
m horfaontal ftrata, one over the other.
A fort formerly ftood here, before the
•nftion of one at Augufta, from ^ich
k ftodd a little to the north-eaft. The
water now occupies the fpot on which
hM nrtRood*
liO0lil*s Cmit is 16 miles from
WBnrinfton, in North Carolina. Here
General M'Donald. ^th about 1,000
foydilb, were defeated (af^er a re-
treat of eighty miles, and a defperate
angafement) by General Moore, at thn
haid of too continentalb. General
M<l>omild and the flower of his men
ware killed.
MoORFiBLDS, a poft-town, and the
/Capital of Hardy co. Virginia, fituated
Mm theeaft fide of the Ibuth branch of
Fitowmac river. It contains a court-
liouie, a gaol, and between 60 and 70
Miifes. It is 95 miles from Romnnr»
75fn}m Winchefta-, and iSofiromRich-
Biond.
M008£ River» rifes in Mifinabe lake,
a fhort diftance from Michipicoten riv-
er, a water of Lake Superior, and pur-
ftws a north-eaftem courfi;, receiving,
libout 1 1 miles from its mouth, a large
fouth branch, and empties into the fouth-
cmpart of James's Bay, N.America, by
the litme mouth with Abbitibee river.
Moote Fort, and a fa£lory are fituated
at the roourh of this river, N. lat. 51.16.
W. long. ti. 51. and Bnmfwick Houfe
it en its weft bank, about lat. 50. 30.
Round the bottom of James*s Bay, from
Albany Fort and river, on the weft fide,
to Rupert's river on the eaft fide, the
woods afford iargre timber trees of vari-
ous kinds, ah oak, a(h, befides the pine,
cedar, fpruce, &c. Up Moofe river be-
ymld Imnrwiek honfe it a fall of ^
feet, above wUch it is deep aild haidga.
ble fhra great diftancc} tie foil and
the climate above the fall ire fiiid to be
ootB /UvMT, a fhort llream in tirafi
vm conntv, New-Hampfliine, which run*
north-eaCerly from the White Moim-
t^ns into Amarifcoggin river.
MeosBHiAD LoM, or Mt$Jk Fntt,
in Lincoln CO. Diftrift of Mahw, is an
uregokur fhaped body of water, which
gives rife to the eaftmi branch of Ken->
nebec river, which unites with the other,
above Norridgewock, about ao miles S.
of the lake. The hdce is iiiid to be 3
times as larse as Lake George. There
are very high mountains to tM north and
weft of the lake) and from thefe the
waters run by many channels into the
St. Lawrence.
MOOSBHILLOCK, the hi|heftofthe
chain of mountains in New-Hampfliire,
the White Mountains exceptecl. It
takes its name finom its havine been for*
ncrly a remarkable range for moofr,
and liea 70 miles weft of the Whiie
Mountains. From its N. W. fide pro»
ceeds Baker's river, a branch of Pemi-
gewaflit, which is the principal branch
ofMeriimack. On this motuitain liiow
has beev (een fiom the town of Newbu-
ry, Vermont, on the 30th of June and
31ft of Auguft| and on the mountains
intervening, fnow, it is faid, lies the
whole year.
MoosB tjUmd, on the coaft of the
Diftrift of Maine, at the mouth of Schoo*-
dick river, contains about 30 families.
On the fbiith end of this ifland is an
excellent harbour fuitable for the con«
ftruAion of dry docks. Common tides
rife here as ftet.
MoBamt Kptt off the ifland of Ja-
maica, in the \Vcft<-1ndies. N. lat. 17.
47. W. long. 75. 35.
Mora NT Pointy the moft eafterly
promontory of the ifland of Jamaica.
On the N. fide of the point is a harbour
of the fame name. From Point Morant
it is ufual for fliips to tak^ their depar-
ture that are bound through the Wind-
ward Paifage, or to any part of the W.
tnd of the ifland ot St. bomingo. N.
lat. 17. 58. W. long. 76. 10.
MoBANT HarbuaTt Ftrtt is about 4
leagites weftward of Point Morant, on
the fouth coaft of the ifland of Jamaica.
Before the mouth of it it a imall ifland,
called
called Good lOadd, And a fbn oii tieh
point of the entrance.
MoRANt Rkfir, is two leuae*
weftward of the weft point of Point Mo-
rant. The land here forms a bay, with
an anchorage along the ftiore.
Mqi $NA,acapeonthecoaftof Chili*
8. America, is in lat. 13. 45. S. and 1 5
Iragues nonrii eaft of Cape George. The
bay bttween thefe capes feems very defi-
rable to. flrangers to eo in ; but in a N.
W. wind is verv dangerous, becaufe
the wind blows right on the fliore, and
makes a very heavy fea in the road.
Here is a very convenient harbour, but
exceedingly narrow, where a good (hip
might be careened.
MoRENA MORRO, on the coaftof
Chili, S. America, in lat. 23. S. and so
leagues due 8. of the north point of the
biay of Atacama.
MOR E , a townfhip in Northumberland
CO. Pennfylvania.
MoR ELANDntlie name of two town>
(hips of Pennfylvania} the ope in Phila-
delphia CO. the other in that of Mont^
gomery.
Morgan Di/hifff in N. Carolina,
IS bounded W. by the State of Tcnnef-
<ee, and S. bv the State of S. Carolina.
It is divided into the counties of Burke,
Wilkes, Rutherford, Lincobi, and Bun-
comb ; and contains 33»t9t inhabitants,
including 2693 flaves.
MORGANTO WN, R poft-towB and the
chief town of the above diftrift, is iitu-
ated in Burke co. near Catabaw river.
Here art about 3ohoure8, a court-houfe
and gaol. It' is 45 miles from Wilkes,
46 from Lincolntown, 113 from Salem,
and 661 from Philadelphia. N. lat.
35-47.
MoROANTO WN, a poft-towB of Vir-
ginia, and (hire-town of Monongalia co.
IS pleafantly fituated on the catt fide of
Mcnongahela river, about 7 miles S. by
W. of the mouth of Cheat river ; and
contains a court-houfe, a ftune-gaol, and
about 40 houfes. It is 30 miles from
Brownfville, 24 from Union-Town, in
Pennfylvania, 76 from Cumberland in
Alaryland, and 329 from Philadelphia.
M.ORGANS, afettlement in Kentucky,
3S miles £. of I^xington, and 18 N. £.
of Boon(borough.
MORGANBA, a town now laying out
tn Wa(hington co. Pennfylvania, iituat-
ed in, and almoft furrounded by the E.
and W. brsnches of Charter's river, ia-
M d 1 35f
eluding fhe poiitt iC Adr cbidKwMei
13 mi^s S.otPiufbwv.tmdonthepdls^
road ftom thcHce to WaiiUiglMH i1m
countv town, diftant lomUM. Boats
carrymg ffom a tk 300 bands of flov»
have brai b«ilt at MorgRBta, taden ait
the mill tdl then, and fait <tawa Ae
Chartiers into thfe Ohfe, and fo to New.
Orleans. By an •& ot the kgiflatuveof
Pennfylvania, tiM CAartitrj, from die
Ohio upwards as far as Moraanzaf it
dedared to be a high way. This towns
furronnded by a rich country.
IS
numbers of grift and ikw «ul& ai« id"
ready built} and the knds in its caii-.
rons well aidapted to agriculture mA
grazing } and is fpokeo of «• a cooBtrif
that is or will be the richcft In ?cMi^
vania. Morganza, firom ks fituataoa
and other natural advantages, mvtk be.
come the centre of a creat maim^ur*
ing country { efpecially as confi^rabl»
b^ies of iron ore, of a fuperkr qwAUM^
have been dready dt(coverSd In tae
neighboiirhood, and have becK aftyedU
The high waving hills in this <
are, from the qudity of the kil,
vertible into the nnoft loKuriaat |^
ing lands, and ate already much Impnir-
ed in this way. Thefe hiUs will tae|M«
culiariy adapted to raife live ft6ck, and
more particularly the fine kmg-woakA
breed of (heep ) fuch as that oi: the Cq|£>
wold hills in England, whofe fleecct
fell for ss. fterling per pound} whsa
others fetch only ltd. or xjd. Tlie
wheat of this country is laid to wetgh»
generally, from 6s to 66 lb. and tht
bufliel of 8 gallons. From hence, con>
fiderable exports are already nude to
New-Orleans, of flour, bacon, butter,
cheefe, cider, and rye uid apfrfe fjpiritt^
The black cattle raifed here are idd to
the new fettlers, and to cai tie merchants,
for the Philadelphia and Baltimore mar.
kets } many have alfo been driven to Ni«
agara and Detroit, where there are fte-
?[uent demands for live (lock, which
uffer much in thofe northern countries^
from hard winters, failures in crops, and
other cauics.
MoRnuE Fort, or FortabenadeAhr'
gue, on the Coutli (hore of the entrance
to Baldivia Bay, 011 the coaft 0f Chili,
on the ^uth Pacific Ocean. The chan-
nel has frons 9 to 6 fathoms.
MoRl^NNB, a bay on the E. coaft of
the idand of Cape Breton, near Miray
Bay, from which it is ieparatcd only by
Cape
! ■
jt|6 filOlt
<:«P!l,^#mlf. Ji it # KtltnbV deep
^Mo|k(^ Oli^W w tli»p6injt«r hmA-
Won tlwE. Ai|e«f tbt dbannel of the
]i«V«|Mabf m tlie H. W> Mrt of th«
UffmA «f Cuba, and is die htfk of two
f MH^v ««ftks for tl)«, defence of Uie
chaw^l «|^;ainft, the apvroacb of an
•neMMr^aiibips. It i» a liiind of triangle^
laiitined witk Iji^ionH on which are
Mounted about 60 pic-CM of cannon» a^
poundieni. From ti\e caftle there aUb
iHRt a wall or line rooimtcdwith t% loi^
iiniAeaanfim 36 pounders { calledi by
way of tmnau»» **rThc twelve Apoi'-
tIeitV «Qd at the point* between the
caftle a9d> tlie iea> there is a tower
^hcf»a:nMn ftands and gives iignals of
ivhat jvdTela approach^ S<ee Havam^A,
MoM>KiNNE», or MonttMiue, in the
Mand of Mowee» one of the Sandwich
Ifiand**, in the N. Pacific Oce^> is in
ht. oo* «9. N. and Icnig. is6. a7. W.
AIOR.OM^iLiu> BajfU to the fouth.
PKin|«f Qarthagena, On the coaft of the
4Ei,'>«aiifli M*in» and in the bight of the
4mft .coning out «f Darien Gulf, on
simitiiMifn molt.
iMoiiOTOi, or. Mtnhit one of the
Saodwicb Iflands in the Pacific Ocean,
ia about a | leagues W. N.W. of Mo-
*»ee tfland, and baa fsveral bays on its
Sk aad Wtrfides. Its W. point is in lat.
•I* aer. N. and lo"g. 1 57. 14. W. and is
cpfnputcd to contain 36,000 inhabi.
taiits. . It is 7 leagues S.£. of Woahoo
Ifland.
i Morris, a county on the northern
line of Ne^«Jerfey, .we0 of Bergen eo.
It is about ts miles long, and ao broad,
kdiwided into 5 townAips, and contains
nboot 1 56,809 acres of improved, and
30,419 acres of unimproved land. The
eaftem part of the county is level, and
aflTords noe meadows, and good land for
Indian corn. The weftern part is more
mountainous, and produces crops of
wheat. Here are i'even rich iron mines,
and two fprings femous for curing rheu-
matic and chronic dilbrders. There
aA al(b two furnaces, two Hitting and
rolht^ mills, 35 forges and fire-works,
37 Iaw mills, and 43 grift railU. There
are in the county i6,si6 iuhabitants, of
whom 636 arc (laves.
MoRRissiNA, a village in Well-Chef-
tet CO. New- York, contiguous to Hell
Gate, in the Sound. In 1790 it con-
tained 133 inliabiunty, of whom 30
UOfL
wwflbvee^ Jil «7»vH «M anoeiRd
to the townihip of W«|l>Chcicr.
MoRRiAVAWM* fkflit-ioini and ca-
pital of the above eoontr, it « haadrome
town, and coBtaina a Pnfb]«eifian and
Baptift chtirebr a'ce|wrt^lNi«<e««in^aca-
deroy, and idxwt to. cop^JVWufeg;) 1 9
miles N. W. of )I«wark, and cboitt xoo
N.E. of Philadeipbia. TIm tead-quar-
ter of the American army, durii;g the
revolution war, was ire^uemly in sDmd
about this town. .
M0Ra4SViia.B, a village in Pennfyl.
vania, fituated in Berk's eo. cm the W.
bank of Delaware rivci, Me mile from
Trenton, 9 from Briftol,. and 19 from
Philadelphia. Apoft-ofBoc 41 kept here.
MCMiRiB Bay, on^the V*. «oa(t of
the iflandof Antigua, intbe Weftrln.
dies. It cannot be recommended to
fliips to pafs this way, .as there is in one
place S. from the Five Iflands only a
fathoms water. Vefli^ls drawing more
than 9 feet water ihuft jiot attempt it.
MoRROPB, a town on the road be-
tween Quito and Linwb in S. Ameriqi.
It contains between 70 and 80 houfe^,
containing about atfo.fhmilies, ail In->
dians: near it runs the river Poxuelos,
the banks of which are cAlUvated vnd
adorned with trees. Motrope is *8 or
30 leagues diftant frmn Sechuta, all
that way bek^ a faady pbHn,,the track
continually ihifting.
MORRO V21JO. See St. Culkat.
MoRTUiji's Rocks, on the S. coaft of
Newfoundland Ifland. N,kt.47.W.
long. S4V5S.
M<>ltro Iflandt on the coa{^ of Pern,
fo caHed by the Spaniards, ^'rom its
ftriking refemblance io a dead cjrpie,
extended at full length. It ia alfc call-
ed St. Clara. It is about 5 Icagies N.
N. 1^. from the river Tumbezj and !s
ft miles in length, and 17 leagues from
Guyaquil.
Morton Bay, on the N. W. coaft of
the ifland of Nevis, in the Weft -Indies,
is near the Narrows, or channel between
that ifland and St. Chriftopher's, to the
N. W. of which there is from 3 to 8
fathoms, according to the diftance from
fltore.
MoRt;Es Bay, on the fouthern fliore
of the river St. Lawrence, fouthward of
Ga^jee Bay, and wefl; of Benaventura
and Mifcan iflands.
MoRVGO, a fmnll river to the weft
and north-weft of the gulf of E0equibo,
on
>l9ll» 1g^m^,dfl Mt/i, • Uxwn on
the iMPk,^ IM jn^r Tab»jlco. in the
^Mum 9f Qunpfpcby ?^uif,. to wh|ch
fniaU bucgcf nMkjr^ vp. Q^eat qMan-
Vitift cif.«p^()a.vau« AMppcd hereJbr
:S|»«Ui| ,ivhkh >i&8» f^jsnu ifmy
Poops fffd ^U YdT^ tOktbe cofft.
M<»»»s iVp'i^« bead or cape oJT jai^,
pn the B.4$U fff tl^e eotnnee into Bon.
#>ifta Bay> on the E.^cpaft of ^fw-
Ibuodlaiia .I(Und* |t ts to the ^oath-
ward of the, rodka C3^ . Swerrty and 5
jnilM fovth-.wc^ o^ Cue Ikmaviftik.
MP>(;*IKps* Sfe KHiM.
' ,Jl[f oi|.^ Y*«f a p^ce on Roanoke xvr-
.fr« ^mil^ below St. l^amnuny'iu and
3 apofe Baton's . The produce of the
upnfffioswry. is brought to theft places,
j|nd fi^it jrom t^^^ by waggons to'
iPetedburg in yirgjlnia.
l^QfmriTO PiHfiiiy, a di^ift of
.Mt^c9»Tl>aving the North Sea on the
N. aaJS.|iicaragua on the S. and Hon-
tiuraa on the W. The natives .ife itf\i,
«n;U madet . ftrong> apd nimble of foot.
Thejr are ^npla^able enqqiei to the
Spaniards* who niaflacred a vaftnum-
b^n" of their people Mrjben they inv&<ied
M^ico» and wmI . joni. with any £utx>-
pcan natijoit ^inft the $|nniav<ds. They
are Vferv dei^rous in ftnMng ^, tur-
tles and maanatjles. M^iiyofthc natives
lail in Briti(h vefleU to ]aniai<:a.<
Mostnriro Cove, on ^he . c:«|ft of
Orecnland* in lat..64. 55. etKJl HMS' $*•
MosqviTO ,9^, OF Afft/fi/e, is at the
S. fi.exueinityofthe iflarid of St. Chrif-
topUer's« and un the larboard fide of t>*e
channel of the ^aiTows, from the S.W.
.going round the point along the fliore,
. within the reef to the northward. The
coail is here lined with rocks, and at a
fmail diftance is from 4 to 6 fathoms,
, on the W^N.W. fide of Booby Ifland.
Mo sqy ITO, ptMufyuito Cove^ on the
W. fide of the idand of Antigua, and
ibuthwarduf Five Iflaiids Harbour.
MosoviTO iJUtmi, one of the fmall
.Virgin Iflands, in the Weft* Indies, near
^ the N. coaft of Virgin Gorda, on which
it is dependent. N. lat. i^. a5.W.long.
«3. 15.
Mo»qyiTO Pfiiutt 13 the larboard
E)int of the channel into Port Royal
ay in Jamaica, where the powder ma-
gazines are fituated, and on which it i
battery of <• «»•, ftfr th« Mmet of
thechamiel» f^ickishcrev^iVnarMw.
Roofid the pdtni to t)ib north-wlMy;
is « (^bus bay or l^a^, Into wl^h
conies the river Of SpaAlilh-TWn. '^
Dutch Ottiaha, SoutkrAmeiricit rbooi.
w||!idi».«a ibon M fliip* ai^ witkui» thnf
are d^red^ to rtan S. £. «ad ttidi due si,
and come to aii aflchoi' hthH the Arft
village.
MoTitBR O^f MKtat CO. D^
wwe. ictJrmi^''
MoTTB tft, a fmall ifland In Lake
Champlain, aboiit eight miles in length
and a in breadth, diftane 1 nlUoi W.
of North Hero Ifland. ItconAttfitet «
townOiip of its own taqie in Fr«iiktti> 'ti.
Vermont, and contains 47 inhabitinisJ
MbucHA, t.a,d bay on the coaft of
Chili> on the W. coaft.of S. Amerkii.
Moui.TONBOROVOH, a wi<l-to«Fn
in Stntffbindco Niw^H^mpftihreyfittiitiA
at the U, W. corner of Lake Wia^pli.
fcogec, tS miles t. by N. of Plyinoii^
8111141 N. ^* by N. of Pottfinottm,
This townfliip was ineoqporated d»
t777,!and cbnttaint 565 inhabiiante. '
MovLTaiB Fmrt, Sec Su^ivmts
o VMT Bbthbl, V^rvA iMutr,
two townfliips in Northampton countyit
Pennfylvainia.
Mount Dbsb&t, an ifland onfte
coaft of Hancock cb. Diftri£l of Maine^
a^bout 15 miles lone and is broid. tt
is a valuable traft of land, intei^iliABd fai
the middle by the waters flowing into
the S. fide from the fea. There are t#o
confiderable iflands on the fouth-eaft
fide of Mount Defert Ifland, caHecl
Cranberry Iflands, which aflift in forth-
ing a harbour inthegulph'wh16h fetsup
on the Ibuth fide of the ifland. In 1 700*
it contaimd 744 inhabitants. The
northerly part of the ifland was formftl
into a towuQiip called Eden, in 1796.
The fouth-eaftemmoft pah of the ifland
lies in about lat. 44. 12. N. On the main
laiid, oppofite the north part of the
Ifland, are the towns of Trenton and
Suilivan-, It is 335 miles north-eaft of
Bofton.
Mount Holly, a village ita Bur*
ll.igton CO. New-Jerfcy, fituated on the
northern bank of Anocus Creek, about
fcven or eight miles fouth-eaft of Bu;*-
lingtcn.
Y Mou«t:.
V,i. .. . M'd-e..
MoVVT Hof B Bp, in (he no'rth-
ntk MR of Namgttifet BaV.
Mo VMT Hort, « frttaU nver of Con-
mA'iettt» • hrtd bndcb oir the SbctUck-
•tikrifing in Union.
• MOVN<ftJoLi, on tke noirthern eoaft
of the Gulf of SC. Lawrence, in La-
lonulor.
Mount (/Uuul, on the above coaft,
IJ. lat. so. c. W, hmg. 61. 35.
MbuNT Jbv/thenameof two town-
.fliiiM in Famfyivanift the one in I«an-
caRcr the other in York co.
.Mount Joy, a Moravian fettlknent
.in Pennfylvam«» 16 mHcs from Ittiz.
Mount Plbasant, a townfliip in
WefttCheftcr co. New- York, fituated
on theeatt fute of Hudfon river { bound-
ed Autherly by Creenfbure, and north
erty and eafterly by Phinpfturg. It
contain* 1914 inhabitanti, m whom 175
ve qualined el<:£lor>, and S4 Haves.
» Alio the name atSL townfliip in York
[<o. Pennfylvanif .
V Mount Pi#Kasant, a viNage of
Maryland, fttuated partly in each of the
counties of Qjieen Ann and Caroline,
#bout II miles eaft of the town of
Church Hilt.
Mount Tom, a noted mountain on
«he wtft bank of ConncAicut river, near
, Keriha^pton* Alfo the name of a
Diountaui between Litchfield and Walh>
instton^ in Conne&icut..
Mount Vernon, the feat of
Gborcb Washington, late Prefident
<of the United States. It i» pleaiantly
. fituated on the Virginia bank of Patow-
nac river, in Fairmco. Virginia, where
the river is nearly % miles wutc } 9 miles
Mow'Alexandt-ia { 4 above the beauti-
ful feat of the late Col. Fairfax, called
, Bclkvoiri is? from Point Look Out,
at the mouth of the river, and 2 So miles
fixHn the lea. The area of the mount
is too fieet above the furface of the riv-
er ) and, after fiirnifliing a lawfl of iive
acres in front, and about the ranAtinrear
yf the buildings, fallsoff rathitr abruptly
on thofe two quarters. On the north
end it Aibiides gradually into extenfive
pafturc grounds ; while en the fotith it
- Uopes more fteeply, in a (hort diftance,
. and terminates with the coach-houfe,
llablea, vineyard, and nurferies. On
-eithei; wing is a thick grove of diiFennt
flowering fi^elt trees. Parallel with
them, on the land fide, are two fpacious
gcmicus, into which one is led by twp
fbi>en'tin« gravd walks, pliiMetl whh
weeping willows and fliii^y flirubs. Thtt
manfipn honfc itfeir (thoagh ntudi cm>
belliOied by, vet not pcdeAly flttisficl
tonr to the chafte tafte of the piefeht
poneflbr) apjpears venovble andf conve.
nient. The uiperb banqnenng-Tooni has
been finilhed fince he returned home
from the army. A lofty portico, 96 feet
in length, fupported by 8 pillart, has a
pleafing effeft when viewed fiom thk
water} the whole aflemblage of the
green-honfe, fchool-hooiir, offices, and
lervants' halls, when feen fiom the land
fide, bears a refemblanee to a rural riK
Ian} efpecially as the huads on that
fioe a^-e laid out fomewhat in the ftrm
of Englifli eardens, in mea^bws and
graTs-grounas, ornamented with little
copies, circular clumps, and fingle trees.
A findl park on the marsin orthe riv-
er, where the Englifli mlow deer and
the American wilddeer are feen through
the thickets, alternately with the veflels
as they are failing along, add a roman-
tie and piAureique appearance to i^*
whole fcenery. On the oppofite fide
of a fmall creek to the northward, an
extcnfive plam, exlribiting com-fivlds
and cattle grazing, affords in fummer a
luxuriant landfcape} while the blended
verdure of wood-landa and cultivated
declivities, on the Maryland flvore, vari-
egates the profpeA in a charming man*
ner. Such are the philofophic fliades to
which the Commander in Chief of the
American army retired in 17S3, at the
clofe of a vi«orious war} which he
again left in 1789, iO diffaify with his
unequalled talents, the higheft office m
the gift of his felIow-citie6n*} and to
whim be has again retreated ((797)
loaded with honours, and the benedic-
tions of his country, to fpend the re«
mainder of his days as a private citisen,
in peace and tranquillity.
Mount Vernon, a plantation in
Lincoln co. Diftrift of Maine, in the
neighbourhood of Sidney an^ Winflow.-
MoUnt Washington, in the up.
per part of the ifland of New- York.
Mount Washington, one of the
higheft peaks of the White Mountains,
ill New-Hamplhire.
Mount Washington, the fouth-
wefternmoft town(hip of MalTachufettSr
in Berkfliire co. 150 miles W. by S. of
Bofton. It was incorporated in £779,
and contains 67 inhabitants.
McuiE
M U L
, Mpvil NarhHT, at the B^fMlc pifit»
JfliliMloi> St. John'i, and at the S. W.
MigU of thitgulf of St. Lawrence^ i* be-
tween Eaft Point and Three Anrf^ and
soes in with a fnuU ci-eck thtt U vao*
oeratcljr, Ipaciout within.
Mb VMM, a finalu nver of York CO.
Diftri^l of Maine, which Alls into the
ocean between Wells and Arundel.
MowiBy one of the Sandwich Iflei,
next in file tci and M. W. of, Owhy-
hee. A lai^ge bay of a fcmicireuur
form, oppofite to which are the.iflandi
Tahoorcwa and Mofokinnce. It it a-
bout 1 6a milei in circumference, and is
thought to cautiin nearly 70,000 inha<
bitants*
MoYAMBNSiMO, a townfhip in Phi-
ladelphia CO. Pennfylvania.
MvcAKos IJUaidt near the N. coaft
of Cuba Ifland, in the W. Indies, which
^ith Ifland Verde, lies opfbfite to the
Cape Qu|bannano.
MUD IJUuul, in Delaware river, is 6
or 7 miles below the city of PhUadel-
phia; whereon is a citadel, and a fort
not yet completed. On a fand bar, a
laree pier has been erefled, as the foun-
dation for a battery, to make a crofs
fire.
Mud Lai/^inthii State of New. York,
is fmall, and lies between Seneca and
Crooked Lakes, it gives rife to a north
branch of Tioga river.
MvcERAS Ifiaidst otherwife called
Men Eatirt or Women-Eaters I/lands^
are 10 leagues S. of Cape Catoche, on
the E. coaft of th^ peninfula of Yucatan.
On the fouth of them, towards the land,
is good anchorage in from 7 to 8 fa-
thoms, and clean ground.
MVLATKB Pointt in the ifland of
Dominica, in the W. Indies. N. lat.
15. 16. weft long. 61. ai*
Mulatto ?o/»/, on the weft coaft
of S. America is the S. cape of the port
of Ancon, 1 6 or 18 miles north of Ca-
davayllo river.
MuLGRAVB Port. See Admiralty
Bay. N. lat. 6;. 45. W. t^ .ig. 165.9.
MULHEG AN lirvrr, In Vermont, rii'es
in Lewis, and empties into Conne^icut
river, at Brunfwick.
MuLLicvs Rivert in New-Jerfey, is
fmall, and has many mills and iron*
works upon it, and empties into Little
Egg Harbour Bay, 4 miles eafterly «#
^he town of Leeds. It is navigabltae
niilea for veflcls of 60 tonst
the SurqiiduuiMhM i^
%l mm N< of ^ jtom f f
iMlaml. . ".vi: ■ ■ ,■ ■
MvHSIBa, Dl^AVARItt
P00MB8, tlucce in4;^*ci|t--
babit at Oiag^* and. «tbi^ ,
tht N. branch of Suiquf^ilK' ^„
About fto yeart agQ» th»<twj(jji3
funiifli i50waar^,ffa^ •p^;!)
poones 30 wamora.
MvROBiiBai Cinml, in !!«»•
State. ^ -^
MvRf iiBB»Bokovof ,>«. ip&Mffa
of N. Carolina, and capiul ^jlii^.^.
It is fituated on MchfMn nv|r.,,|U|Ml
contains a few houlcs» a. o^tt-nouie,
^1, and tobacco waithouft. I|t car-
ries on a fmall trade with. Ed e ntqp,
and the other ^a.-port. towns* ^ia
3 miles from Princeton^ la from yt^»
ton, 50 N. by W. of Edenton, ,ttA
4aaS.W.of?hiladelphb. ;
MvROA McMiG A ltiwr» on tlw (^qtft
of Chili, in S. America^ is fouthwarifif
the S. point of Quintero Bay, and not
far firom the entrance into Chili river.
It ii not navigable, but is very good ,t»
water in. ,,
Muse LB Bankt at the entiranoc into
Trinity Bay or harbour, in .t^.diredion
of S. W. on the E. coaft qf Newfound-
land Ifland.
MuscLB £i^, in the Stiaits of Ma-
gellan, in S. America, is halfway be«'
tween Eliiabeth*s Bay, and York Road j
in which there is good anchorage witk
a wefteriy wind.
MusCLB Baj,> or Meffikmtt on ihc
coaft of Chili or Peru, in S. America, 5
leagues S. by W. of Atacama.
MUSCLE Sboalst in Tenneflee river,
about 150 miles from its motjth, extend
about %o miles, and derive their ilama
from the number of ftiell-fifh found
there. At this place the rivrr fpreada
to the breadth ot three miles, and form*
a number of iflands } and the pafiage is
difficult, except when there b a fwell ia
the river. From this place up. to the
Whirl, or Suck, where the
:reaks
through the Great Ridge, or Cumbec*
land Mountain, is a 50 miles, the navi*
gation all the way excellent.
MusKOGULOB, Mufltogte, or ^« tbey
ar^ more conunoidy called, Creti JaN
dUmit inhabit the middle parts of Oeor*
gia. The Creak or Muflc^^ige hui*
guage, 4Nfluch U ftft and 9«Bwal« it
y» fj?ok«i
W^8
UQNrlM vnM*
ihiAMogQlgei
ciftooniiuw of w|
i»
tnv ^MNdtflCy J
ef liwijr «^tWm,
m vQNWiqnr nw viim
(nc vnuniiiui
mt wUUom iiid #ir^, lii
lilr'Ai'giiittil. urf'mn'tM
,caniMRjemiinr,*fifaiikJclhdlf vii« jMHI
"^iUbimi^^e ftrft imil meScpi
Mit article in ail tMr tmtiet witli tht
''lf»t#a(]Utlf» t « titere Aair m U
; ikiyiNWttf Aintuocn tiquoti fold ;
''jSmitt 'iifto tUfir Mwns.** IhlUncef
MiWmiliaiklvbc^urrid/oa thcdifeoi
'^Mrf.of JttMjMtfoi^lnM of ftiriti
•Into ni^lf^ettnfiy.Vthtf Indiant ftrik;
"'^~ tbdn >Arttli their tomahawki, and
injtrtlM liquor to ^ thirfty And^
ifMHto « diflBp of it thennrelm. It
ie diflScuit to account fer their excellent
^'idicy'in civitgomMnenti i( cannot
' StHve ft« effifiacjr findm coerciTC laws,
' fbif tliey have' no ftich artffiefaU (yftem.
$Mne of iJh^indft favourite (bnp and
'iiikinicet.they htfveirom (heir enemies,
tiie Chaftanri} for it ftemt that nation
'iii^i^ Mhent ibr neetry and miufic.
Tlw Mtifl«6stt1tea allow of poiy|pmy
bifli^ iMnMnnhidet evtjryman tal^es
umv^^ywitfctat heplei^ret»but thefirft
li'iiillecn, aadtbcOtMNra hd'hiiidrtiaida
«ta*!4Na^. The Oreek or MiUko-
MMilipndcraejr have 55 towns, be.
filfiiii^y viUant. The powerful en^
p\tt of the MvKomlge* ^ftabliflied it-
jblfiapon the ruinof that of the Natchez.
. The OakmAt IMAwae ^, firft fet-
tlennent they at down ijMM* v«<kcr their
cmitratbn firom the Weft^ Icyond the
ttmS^, their orijtinal niti«B country. '
They gradually AiMoed their furround>
htg diemiet, Arei^tthenlhg themfelves
by takfaig Into confiiideracy the van-
tfuidied tribes. Their whole number,
ftnw years fote, was t7i«S«i of which
5,t<o were fighting men. They conftft
of the Appalachien, Alibamas, Abeeas,
Cawittaws, Coofas, Confliacks, CooCac-
tees, Chacfihoomas, Natchei, Ocomes,
Oakmulgle», Okohoys,Pakanas,Taen-
fts, Talepoofas, Weetumkas, and fome
odifers. Their union has rendered them
viftortous over the ChaAaws, and for-
midable to all the nations around them.
They are a weH^nuKle, e3q)ert, hardv,
ftgaciotts, poKtic people, cxtrcmefy
mma of thdr rights, aa^ avtirfe t*
p4rf,1ng with their lands. They have
abtManceeftimecattlcMid ANrihe, tiv.
lies, ducks, and other pouhi^i th^
cvlltHaie ibbacco, rke, IMiin^ cfllm£ p6.
tatpcs, beans, peas, cabbagt, 'mefsns»
atad Mve plenty of petefresr pteras,
grapes, ffrawberries, ind other fruits.
Tlwv artlkithfu! friwitdsrhut inveterate
ennpie»i ho^Uabfe to flrangers, and
hoMft and- hit" in their deaHnga. No
nation has a nidre^ohtiriafptible opinion
of t> white rt»r '4 1 Uh lit genera than
>'ntfy c pJ .1 ^he- plaee grf- It ebnfi.
denr^ : ivh;; f/ nNt^ Spates, and wifli to
agns ^*-^' ahi;:^ upon 'a 'permanent
bou.iIai; -vet w^'ch tbe-fouthcm
Staties m&l f'Ot AmV ''\ The country
which they claim it- bou tdcd northwatd
by aboiit the )4th degree of latitude |
and extends fran the Tombeckbce, or
Mobile river, to the Atlantic Ocean^
though they have ceded a part of this
traft on the fea-coaft, by different
treaties, to the State of ^torgia. Tbiir
[tKneipal towna lie in latitiiide tt. 4ad
ongitude ti. so. from PhUadelpina.
Tmy ari fettlled in a hilHr but not moun-
tainmi» country. The foil is frahftl in
a high degree, and weU wptcrcd, abound,
ihg m creeks and rivulet^, fWrni whence
they iifc called the Cmtk BhUmu^
MvseoNBCUMK,. a fmall river of
New.Jerrey, which empties into the
Delaware 6 niiles below Eifhm.
KrvsKitiot^M, that l$tSik*s S^i a
navigable river of the N.W. Territory.
It is a 59 yards wkie at its confluence
with the Ohio» tj% miles below Pitlf.
hvcf^t indttding the windings of the O.
hio, though iit a direft line it is but 90
miles. At 1u month fbnds Fort Har.
mar and Marietta. Its banks are fb high
as to prevent its overflowing, and it is
navigable by large batteaux and bar^»
to the Three Legs, 110 miles from its
mouth, and by fmall boats to the lake
at its head, 45 miles farther. From
thence, by a postage of abotit one mile,
a communication is opened to Lake^
Erie, through CayahoeA* a flream of
great utility, navigable the whole len|^ih,.
without any ohflruftien from falls.
From I^ike Erie, the avenue' ii well
known to Hudron*s river in the State
of New- York. The land on this riVer
and its branches is of a fuperior quality,
and the country abounds inrfprihgs and
conveniences fitted tAicttkmcnts remote
from
N AC
from ft» nwigAtion, vUy
' ' lone, and cUy.
htf .been mty l.<:e{y cHlcovcr-
f«It>(^nnn,
€^t frt^ftom, and cUy. A valuaol*
cd, S.mi
ffom this riv
M^ietta, called the Bb(
i<«jr. Rwch
a quantity of wa^r fv^'-, ti^ tokicp
sooD galfoii* confta^tfy fv Hhig. Ten
Edane of this water Wk!'., .««xprrim^nt
s proved) aiford a qu«^ « >f fait c ffu-
perior qfiialUy to any r. tdeon the fi;a>
MvsqyAKiBS f«ffM/ inhaUtt th«
fouthem watcra of Lake Michigan, hav-
ing too warriors.
Mi;8<^ AXONS, an Indian tribe in-
habiting near Lake Michigan.
M V8l:iTToCS>'W» in N. America, lies
in Iat.64. 5 5. n. and in ion. 5 ) . 3.4 s? VIT.
MvsqyiTO River and 5a; lie at a
fmall diftance north of Cape C!anaverel,
on the coaft,of E. Florida. The banks
«f Miii<|uito river towards the continent
abound ta trees and plants common to
Florida, with pleal'ant orange groves;
whilft the narrow ftrips of land towards
the Tea, are moftly Tai 1- hills.
Mv8qviroNS,an Indian nation in the
nei|^bourhood of the Piankelhaws and
Outtagomies ; which fee.
MrsasTOWN, a village of Dauphin
flo.Pennfylvania, fituatedon the N. fide
of Tulpenockon creek, a few miles he-
law the canal. It contains about 15
houfes, and it js miles eaft Hv north of
}iaiTiftiurg, and 77 from Philadelphia.
MVNOMANIKS, or Mtnomoniftt an
Indian tribe, who with the tribes of the
Chipewas and Saukeys, live near Bay
Puan, and could together fupti/h about
ao years ago, 550 warriors. The Mino-
inanies have about 300 fighting men.
Myi^TLK Ifioful, one of the Chande-
leurs or Myrtle iflands, in NalBto Bay,
pn the coaft of Florida, on the weft fy\c
pf the peninfula,
N
NAAMAN's Crtekt a fmall ftream
which runs S. eatterly into Dela-
wace^-iver, at Marcus* Hook.
Null's Bajft near the weftern limit of
Hudfon*$ Bay, known by the name of
the Welcon^e Sea. Cape Elkimaux is
|t^ fouthem point or entrance.
Kaco, a towti of I«|e«t- Spain, in the
province of Hond^n». 50 niUea noith-
V?l^ of YalladoUd,
NAN,
Namaiit M# femiihiNtl.
of Bo^ (muImw, Iikm%Kl#ifi #
milft 1. N. F. oimOilaPli^A^ff
a;. W J.,M. ? 57, fjtt Ui-iMimlfy' '
NAHvZf AO, a iWiaU iiuMfiiillCiki*
aebec!. u\tt, itniiin firon the £»,'l)|^'
nifics. ia the Indian, Umgi^ i^US^
wlu*« eels are takoi. , -- -.^i
Na IN, :i Moravian ^ettleawntt whidh
was ettabli/hed iti 1763, on Li$iigh riv-'
•r. In ' enniyivania.
Nain, a frttlemcfit of the MoraWam.
ofi the coaft of. Labrador, nea^ (he m-'
trance of Davis's Straits, bein||;8.8. W*
of Cape Farewell . It wa^ begun tender:
i tite proteaion of.thc Britifli gpffertbni^V
but is now deferted. ^
NAMASKiBt, a fmall river whkJi
enfpties into Narraganfet Bay. ' %
N A N J E M.y Rivtrt a JQiort cfeek whi^
empties ir.to th^ Patowmap inCharlea
county, Maiyland, foudi-figeftvnuril'or
Port Tobacco river. '
Nansemond, a county of Virrinia^
on the S. fide of Jannca't river, aM Wv
of Norfolk CO. on the N. Caidina line.
It is about 44 mHea in length* and i^,
in breadth, and contain^ posb ii|habU|
tant9, including 381 7 flaves. |
Nansemond, a flMtttriverof Vit^^'
nia, which rifesin Oreat Diiinal Swan^p/
and purfuing a N^ then a N. E. diree-,
tioti, emptits into James's rivm a ftnV
miles W. of Elitabeih river. It it liai
vigable to Sleepy l^ole, fig^ veflfels of « 50
toi)s ; to Suffbll;, for >hole of 100 tone {
and to Milner^s, ibrthofe of as tons.
NANTAaKBT Roai^ may be ebnfi-
dered as the entrance into the chaiutels
of Bofton harbour; lies $. of the light-
houfe, nearKaiiuford or Ho^ital lihnd«
A veflel may anchor here in from 7 ta
s'&thoms in fafety. Two huts aiv
ere6led here with acconunodatfions for
Shipwrecked feamen.
Nantikoke, a navigable river of
the eaftem Ihore of Maryland, emptiea
into the Chefapeak Bay.
Nantikoi(E8, ai^ Indian nation who
formerly lived in Maryland, upon the
above river. They fim retirea to the
Sufquchannah, and then farther north.
They were (killed in the art of poilbn-
ine} by which (hocking art neany their
whole tribe was extirpated, as well aa
fome of their neighbours. Theie, witlf
the Mohickons and Conoys, ao yeara
ago^ inhabiitd Utfanango; Chagiiet and
Owegy, on the E* branch of "the Suf.
• "V 3 -'"'-. i|whannah«
y tii ii mwh * fht two firft ce^Idat Att
verfod fbrniih a iea«v«mors Mch i and
tot Conoya fo warrion.
Nantmill, B^fi and IPWr» Mvb
tfNmfliips In Chefter cq. Pennfylviuiia.
. Nautucket JJUuidt belonging to
the State of Maflachufrtti, h Tituatcd
between lat. 41. i %. and 41. i». 30. N.
and between 69. 56. and 70. 13. 30. W.
long, and is about 8 lesguet fouthWard
«f Cape Cod, and lies caftward of the
iHand of Martlia'a Vineyard. It li 1 5
iniies in /cngtlit and 1 1 in breadth, in-
eiluding Sandr Point ; but its general
breadtn is if milea. This is thought
to be the ifland called NttttUon by an-
cient voyagers. There is but one bay
«f any note, and that is formed by a
long fandy point, extending front the
S. end of the Uland to the N. and W.
(on which ftands a light houfe, which
was ereAed by the State in 1784]! and
on the north ude of the ifland as far as
Xel Pobt. This makes a fine road for
ihi'"^, eMeptwith the wind at N. W.
iR(hi. . there is a heavy fwell. The har-
M^r has a bar of fand, on which are on-
ly 7) feet of water at ebb tide, but with-
in it has I a and 14 feet. The ifland
conftitutea a county of its own name,
and contains 4>6ao inhabitants, and
fends one reprefentative to the general
court. There is a duck manufactory
here, and 10 fperma.eti worics. The
inhabitants are, for the nioft part, a ro-
buft and enterprifing fe: of people,
moflly feamen and mechanics. The
feamen are the moft expert whale-men
in the world. The whale fifliery origi.
nated among the white inhabitants in
the year 1690, in boats from the fliore.
In 171 5, they had 6 floops, 38 tons bur-
den, and the fifh^ry produced iiool.
fieri. From i77«» to 1775, the fiflMry
employed 1 59 (ail from 90 to 180 tons,
upon the coaft of Guinea, Brazil, and
the Weft- Indies; the produce of which
amounted to 167,000!. fieri. The late
<vvar almofl ruined this bnfinefs. They
have fin(:e, however, revived it again,
and purfue the whales even into the
great Pacific Ocean. There is not here
a fmgle tree of natural growth; they
have a place called The Woods, but it
has been deftltute of trees for thefe 60
years pafl. The ifland had formerly
plepty qS woodf The people, efpeciaU
]y the females, are fotiidiy attached to
the ifland, and few wifli to migtatf to
N AR
a mora ddirable (ituatlon. The pee-
^ are moftly Frundtt or Quakers.
Then Is one focicty of Congnegation.
alifls. Some part of the E. end of the
ifland, known by the name of Squama
and fonie few other places, are held as
private farms. At prefent there are
near 300 proprietors of^the ifland. The
proportional number of cattle, Iheep,
Arc. put out to paflure, and the quanti>
ty of ground to raife crops, are.minute>
ly regulated; and proper officers are
appointed, who, in their books debit
and credit the proprietors atcordingly.
In the month of June, each proprietor
eives in to the clerks the number of
his fheep, cattle, and horfes, that he
may be charged with them in the books ;
and if the number be more than he is
entitled to by his rishtSi he hires ground
of his neighbours wno have lefs. But,
if the proprietors all together have more
than their number, the overplus are ei>
ther killed or tranfported from the iflail^.
In the year 1659, when Thomas
Macy removed with his family from
Salifbury in EfTex co. to the W. end of
the ifland, with feveral other families,
there were nearly 3,000 Indians on the
ifland, who were kind to flrangers, and
benevolent to each ether, and lived hap.
pily until contaminated by the bad ex-
ample of the whites, who introduced
rum ; and their number foon began to
deci-eafe. The whites had no material
quaiTel or difliculty with them. The
natives' fold their lands, and the whites
went on purchafing ; till, in fine, they
have obtained the whole, except fome
fmall rights, which are ftiil retained by
the natives. A mortal fickne'fs carried
off ass of them in 1764; and they are
now reduced to 4 niales, and 16 females.
Nantucket, (formerly Sberiume}
a pofl-town, capital and port of entry in
the above ifland. The exports in the
year ending Sept. 30, 1794^ amounted
to 10,517 dollars. It is 60 miles S.E.
of New-Bedford, 1x3 S. W. of Bofton,
and 382 E.N.E. of Philadelphia.
Nantucket Sboah a bank which
fliretches out above 15 leagvieein length,
and 6 in breadth, to the S. £, from the
ifland of its name.
Nantuxet Bay, New-Jerfey, is on
the eaftem fide of CN^laware Bay, oppo-
fite Bombay Hook.
NARaAGANSST Bojf, Rhode-Ifland,
makes up from fouth to north between
the
N A S
the mam land on tht caft and weft. It
■mbofiNM many fruitful and baautUiil
Iflandi, the principal of which are
llhade Ifland, Canonicut» Prudence,
Patience, Hope, Dvers, and Hog Ifl-
andi. The chief harbouri are New>
port, Wickford, Warren, Briftd, arid
Greenwich, befidet Providence and Pa-
tuxet} the latter is near the mouth of
Patuxet river, which falU iato Provi-
dence river. Taunton river and nuny
finaller ftreamt fall into this capacious
hay. It affords fine fifln oyfters and
lobfters in great plenty.
NAtLKAOVAOViB^. Apart of the
bay between Goltlibofough and Ma-
chiaa, in Washington co. Diftrift of
Maine, goes by this name. From
thence for the fpace of 60 or 70 mile*,
the navigator fimii, within a great num>
lier of nne iflandi, a fecure and pleafant
fliip-way. Many of thefe idande are
inhabited and make a fine appearance.
A river of the fame name falls iato the
bay.
, Narracuaovs, a pofl-town, fitua-
ted on the above bay, 16 miles north-
eaft of Goldlborough, 63 eafl of Pcnob-
fcOt, 9 from Pleafant river, and 673
fivm Philadelphia.
Narrows, The. The narrow uaf-
iage fi'om fea, between Long and Sta-
ten Iflands into the bay which fprcads
before New- York city, formed by the
junction oi Hudfon and Eaft rivers, is
thus called. This flrait is 9 miles fouth
of the city of Ncw-York.
Narrows, Tbe^ a firait about 3
miles broad, between the iflands of Ne-
vis and St. Chriftopher's Iflands, in the
Weft-Indies'.
Nash, a county of Halifax difbifb,
containing 7,393 inhabitants, of whom
a,oo9 are flaves. There is a large and
valuable body of iron-ore in this coun-
ty i but only one bloomcry has yet been
ereifled.
Nash, Court- Houfit in K. Carolina,
where a poft-ofiice is kept 38 miles
from Tarborough, and as far from
Lewifburg.
Nashaun, or New/bamm* one of
the Elizabeth Ifles, the property of the
Hon. James Bowdoin, Efq. ct Boiton,
fituat^ at the mouth of Buazard's Bay,
and .3 miles frmu the extremity of the
peninfttia of Bamftable co. Confider-
able numbers of fheep and cattle are
fuppovtcd upon thia ilundi and it has
N A 8 149*
heideme funoits lor ita escdkat woo'
and cbaeft. Here Capt* Barthelaninr
Oofadd haded in t<ea, and took tip
his abode for fbnc tinw.
Nashua, Jtnwr, is a coofidwaUo
ftrcam in Worcefter co. hlaflachufirtla,
and haa rich intervale landaoo its baaka.'
It enters Merrhnack river atDunftaMe.
Its courfie is nortb-north-caft.
Nashvilli, tbeahief town of Mcro
Oiftrift in the Stale of Tennciet, ia
plcafantly fituatedhi Davidfbn*s co. on
the fouth bank of Cumberland river^
where it is aoo yards broad. It wa»
named after Brig. Gen. Francis Nafh^
who fell on the 4th of Oft. 1777, in tho
battle of Gerroantown. It is regular^
laid out, and contains 75 houfes, acourt-
lioufe, an academy, and a church iat
Prefbyterians, and one for Merhodifti.
It is the feat of the courts heU fcmi-an»
nually fior tlie difiriA of Mcro, and ol
the courts of pleas and <|uartcr fcffioni
for Davidfbn co. It is 1S5 mU'^ weft
of Knoxville, 66 from Big SaU Lick
garrilbn, 190 S. by W. of Lexington ii^
Kentucky, 635 W. by S. «f Richmond
in Virginia, and 1015 W> 8. W. of-
Philadelphia. N. lat. 36. W. long, t-j,
8.
Naskeag Pentf, in Lincoln co. Di-
(Irift of Maine, is the caftcm point of
Penobfcot Bay.
Naspatvcket /{i<t;«r. Sec/firai^.
patucJtet.
Nas<^ir6u RktiTt oh the Labra-
dor coaft, is to the weftward of Efqui-
maux river.
N ASS as Rvver. See St, Andre,
Nassu £<iy, or f^Vt'to Sat^^ is a
large bay on th« «oa(. of Weft-Florida,
about 70 miles from north ^o fouth. It
has 4 iflands on a line for 50 miles fr-om
S. W. to N. £. with openings between
them a mile or two wide. The moft
northerly is~ called Myrtle Ifland, be-
tween which, and the continent, is tiie
entrance of the bay. The bay is 15
miles broad from Myrtle Ifland to a row
of iflands running parallel with the main
land, and another bay between them
flretching 50 or 60 miles to the fouth,
as far as one of the finaller mouths of
the Milfifippi. See Naffau RoaJ.
Nassau Bay, an extenfive bay of
the ocean, on the S. coalt of Terra del
Fuego ifland^ at the S. extremity of S.
America. It is to the £. of Falfc Cape
Horn, which forms the weftero limit- ti
Y4 tht
tlMhifi CqwHonilMiaf tlM8.f0h(
•idt, • jranpt of UUads which Mt off
the codloppofiM tt> thU btjr. Thia
Ujr M kurgK and oMn, wcU iMlt«t«d
ftan the MH^Mii oi th« ocmii. It to
stfiiM* of holding » tet of Aipo. and
Ihongh thtn wo Arall iflindt mot bt
ottnacc, tU the dRngori arc viftbki ud
iiiM UMy fail fndy between thenif or on
each fide of them, ^tt ii^tn Cafi.
Naiiav Oift, on the coaft of Snri-
MBB, or N. E. coift of S. Ameriea, ii^
a» the M. N. W. of Bftquibo gulf, and
the B. point of the entrance into the ii>
vcr Piimaron. It ia in about lat. f. 40.
N. and long.< 59. 30. W,
Nasiav Q^t on the N. Oiora of
Terra Firma, 8. America.
NAeiAti, a linali town in Dauphin
CO* Pcnniyivania, It cootatni a Gcr<
aMM church, and about 35 hmfib'. It
k alio called Kmfjltmm*
NAaiAV f/iatut, at the mputh of By-
nun river, in Long-Ifland £ouad.
. Nassau R§a4lt on thecoatt of\^eft-
Florida, lieaW. of MobUc Bay, s leagues
to the northward of Ship Ifland, and
within the noitb end of the Chande-
leura or Mynle IQandf. It ia one of
the bcft rbada for large veflels on the
wholecoaft of Florida. .Ita^rdajpxxl
flieltef from winds that blow on ihore,
baa no bar, and ia eafy of acceis. Vef-
fels, however, mtift not go within | of
n mile of the infide of the iijiand, it be-
ing AmmI near that diftanoe firbm the
ihore. Veflek may jp round the north
end of it from the lea in 5I and 6 fa-
thoma at half a mile from the fliore, and
yfkerwaids muft keep in 4I and 5 fa-
thomt till the north point beara N. N.
E. about a milea, where they can ancbor
ia 4 fiithoma good holding ground, (hel-
tared from e atterly and ibutherlv winda :
thia is neceffkry for .ail vcflela nrequent-
ingthecoaft of Florida, aaeaftcrly winds
«re very freq^ient. There ia frefli wa-
ter to be mt any where on the Chande-
Icurs by dt[^ing } and there ia a kind
of well at the north end, near an old
hat. There is no wood to be found
liere but drift wood, of which there h
great plenty along ftioce. Na&u Roaii
was fim ducoverM by Dr. Daniel Cox,
9f New- Jerieyf who named it fo in ho
90ttr «f the retgaiag prince, Williani
III. 8e tifo gave ]£e name of Myrtle
tflands t9 UmIc aficnnunU callid ClMUi-
Meurt, by the fkeneN, fimlrtNoeandled^
made oi the.Myrthr mtoh witlv wMdi^
theft ifla^da kboi^
NAteAV Jswr,- on the aoai'of lai.
FleHda»haaa bv geMrally about tftetf
water, b«t la AAJatt toMAing. Th«
tides ^about 7 feet it low fWalf tidee.
An E. 8. B. moMi niak«a hi|di vmutr
here, aa alfoin ntofl pUccaakmg the coaft.
Nassav, thsi chief town of Provi.
dvncc Ifland, one of the Bahamas, and
the fkat of government. N. lat. 15. j.
It is the mly port of entry eiccept at
Turk's liland. 8ceB«AMM/.
Naotia, a town of Mexico. See
Nata, a town and bay in the pro.
vinceof Terra Firma, 8. America. Thf
bay of Nata Ilea on the S. coaft of the
Ifkhmus of Daricn, and on the North
Pacific Ocean. From hence and the ad.
jacent parts, provifioas are lent for the
fnmply of the mhabitants of Pamuni^
which city ia 67 milea N. E. of Nata.
The bay ia fpa(;ioua and decp) but it not
ufed by fhipa but in cafea ot ncctfOity,
as they aie liable to be embayed by the
winds that blow ftequently at B. upon
the Ihore. The bay extends to ttie
ifland Iguenas. N. lat. I. is. W. long.
II. IS.
Nata Point, or CAmmr, or Chan,
mu Caftt is at the W. point of the gulf
of Panama, from whence the coaft
trends W. to H^guera Point 7 league^.
All fhipa bound to the N. W. and to
Acapuico make thia point. It ia alfo
cailM the S. point ot the bay, which,
liea within on the W. fide of tU? ^ nett
Gulf of Panama.
Natach^hjoin Bhvtr, a largerivet:
of the coaft w Labrador, in N. Ameri.
to the weftwardofNalquirou river.
ca
under Mount Joli, where' it forma a
foutherly cape in lat. 50. sc. N. and
lonjK. 60. 45. W. The little Natach.
quoin is to the W. S. W. of thia.
Natal, a cape apd towit, on the S.
Aiore of the Rio Grande, onithe N. £.
coaft of Brazil in S. America, ik to the
S. W. of the four fquare fhoal, at th^
month of the entrance of that tiVer,
which containa fome dahgeruua rocks.
On this point is the Caftle of the Thr^
Kings, or Fortaieza des Tres Magos.
The town of Natal is 3 leagues from the
caftle before which is g^ anehoii^
for fhips, ib from 4 to 5 fatJtoms, tiif^
well iccuRd Irom winds*
Natchis*
%1
NAY
WATcy iB, > ji i n n iM wlka of la*
trx«<i ilw «. Mi Of tKiMiifiifi, »irt
ReAlk M fin»t«d faitlio coMotrv wbiob
tlwypo(B:<lMl,iiiUl. fi,4«* MotUog
now I cmaintoi' chU notioa but Um nanf »
bjr which ih* coumry coMkuitt to bt
falM. The Crctkt or Mulcogwl|et
rofeupsn the rnbM el' tbU notion, 'Ac
Frmoi oontpictcd thcif dcftniAion in
3730. Tht Notches or Sun Set In
ioMf are port of the Creek contode-
dcncy which they joiiMd otter they Urh
Louinono,
MATCHiTOCHit. A troA of country
in Ikouifiino, on the river Ro«se« or
RedrivcTi bearitbif name. The French
had a very confiderable noft on (hit river
calWd Natchitochei. it wot a frontier
OB thr Sponilh iirttlementtf being so
roilee itom the fort of AHayes, and 70
Veagues froon the confluence of the
iUiUge with the Miflfifippi.
Natick, an ancient lownAiip in Mid-
dlefex CO. MaiUtchuTettey fituated upon
Charles river, it milca 8, W. of Bofton.
ai^I 19 14. W. of Dedham. Its name
in the Indian language (ignifies ** The
pla«e of hills." The famous Mr. Eliot
tbrmed a religious I'ociety here | and in
i6''o, there were 30 Indian communi.
^ani». At his motion, the Genei-al
Court granted the land in thii town,
containing about Oooo acres, to the In-
dians. Very few of their delcuidants,
ho^ieever, now remain. It was incor-
porated intoanEnglifli diftrid in 1761,
ind into a townihip in 1781 i and now
contains 613 inhabitants.
NattbnaT, an Indian village on
Noetka Sound, on the N. W. coaft of
I^. America. It has a remarkable ca-
tara£^, or water-tall, a few miles to the
northwanl of it. N. lat. 4.S. 40. W.
long, iirom Greenwich ii^. 6.
Natvkau Bridge, See Rockbrulge
CoMff/^,- Virginia.
Nauoowesies, an Indian nation in-
habiting lands betwee^Lakes Michigan
and Superior. Warriors, 500.
Naugatuck itfVu/r, anorth-eaftern
branch of Houi'atonic river in ConncAi-
cut. A great number of mills and iron-
works are upon this ftieam and its
Ranches.
Nay AORE, a province oFMew-Mex-
i^i on the N. £. fide of tike Gulf oi
WAV M
Colifcrnltt wMch AMnttt !l bum tlw
jMBiiiAito of ColMonW, onihe I. W.
r N*TMiA,aliM»iaMdiiitl»WiiMU
iward folhfi, or Antt hatwecn Cuba,
aad HUhaaiola la the Wcft.!ndiia<
' riiitbertka lulMkbimitof Jamoica eooM
ia boota to bill gmrai, aa amj^ioM:
cmnuf thm bwodp plaatlfulfy «i tht.
roots of old totea. Thev arc ia iW
(hapo of a lisahl, with fi)al«a, aad fivna
are 1 ffei ia kagth, Thdr fleOi ia.
firm and white, mm iaid by iieinwk t*
make good broth.
N A V Az Af a fiaall bama ifland In tha
Weft-Indies, not very, high, is fterp alt
round, and lies iu lat. it. aa. N. It ia.
SI leagues W. 6. W. \ W. of thoE^
end of Jan(uuca, and 11 leaeues from.
Tiburon, in tlic ifland of St. I>omingo.
Navisink HMfhuirt on the fea-CMii^
of Monmouth, 00 New^erfey, lies in.
lat. 40. S4. N. bavtnff Jumping Point
on the north, and is sf miles 8. of the
N. end of Sander Hook Ifland i and its
mouth ia 5 miles from the town of
Shrewfbury. The ftnall rivrr of its
name falls into it from the W. and rifes
ia the fame coimty. Naveiink HiUa
extend N. W. from the harbour on tho
Atlantic Oeean, to Rariton Bay } aad
are the firit land dilcovered hy marintra
when they arrive on tho coaft. Thoy
are 600 feet abcwe tfae level of the fean
and may be feen 10 leagues off.
Navidad, a town ot Mechoacan a
province of Mexico, with a harbour oa
the N. Pacific Ocean, is 1 56 miles W,
of Mexico city. N* lat. it. 51. W.
long. III. 10.
NAViREf,orCwii!r.Vav^40tfy, in the
ifland of Martinico, in the Weft- Indies*
Navy,, a townfliip in Orleans co. in
Vermont-
Navy Hall, in Lower Canada^
Aands on the louth iide of Lake OntS;*
I 0, at the head and weft fule of Ntaga«
ra river, which laft feparates it from
Fort Niaeara, on the E. fide, in the State
of New York. It is 10 miles N. by W»
of Fort Erie, and 13 S. £. by 8. of
York.
Navy I/land lies in the middle of
Niagara river, whoi'e wateri feparate it
from Fort Sluftier, on the eaft bank of
the river, and the fame waters divide it
fiom Grand Ifland, on the 8. and S. £.
It is about one nalt long, and ono
broad, and is about l^ miles N. by E*
ofNavyHaU. ^
Nazarith*
J^
NAZ
?N4ZAitXTH» i beantif^I town !n
««ortIiaivlprqn co. ?enDfy!vania,<tnhabi-
tut by NioravUtnt; or United Brethren.
It k iituated lo miles north of Beth-
ttKa» i^d 63 N. by W. of Phihdel.
fhin. It ii a jraft of good feuidt cm-
tiiining^ about 5^000 acret, purchafed by
tfitt JUv. O* Whitfield, in 1740, and
iJti xyeari after to the brethren. They
were bDwenc obliged to leave thU place
the firnie year, where it feenu they had
^adie fome ftttlen utt be 'ore. Bifllop
Kjiciunan arrived fiom Europe this
jt^r (»74o) Tith a company of breth-
fCR and faters, and purchafed and fet>
tied upon the fpot which is now called
Bethlehem. The town of Nazareth
ibnds about the centre of the manor, on
a (mall creek, which lofl^ itfclf in the
earth about a mik and a half £. of the
ftwn. It was reguhrly laid ont in : 772,
and conitfts of s principal ftreets which
doTs each other, at rif St angles, and
form a fqiiare in the middle, of 34.0 by
»oo feet. The 1; Kgeft building is a
tone houfe^ereAed in 1755, "i^i^d Na-
zateth Halt, 98 feet by 46 in length,
and 34 in heighth. Ti»e lowtr floor is
foimtd into a fpacious hall for public
w«r/hip, the upptr part of the houfe is
fltvd up tor a boarding fchool, where
youth* frorn different parts,, are under
the inrpeAionof theminiller of the place
and icveral tutors, and are inllruAed in
the Englifty German, French and Latin
kngtiages ; in hiltory, geography, book-
&erping, mathemaxics, mufic, drawing,
rjKi other fciences. The front of the
houfe faces a large fquare open to the
€>uth, adjoining a fine piece of meadow
nound> and commands a mod delight-
ful profpefl. Another elegant building
«n the E. of Nazareth Hall is inhabited
fty the fmgle fillers, who have the fame
Rgubtions and way of living as thofe at
Bethlehem. Befides their principal ma-
%a^i&ory for fuihning and twifUng cot-
tcK, tlveybave lately begun- to draw wax
tapeis. At the fouth-wcd corner jf the
aforefaiil Cc-iare, in the middle of the
tuwn, is the fingle br-tlwen's houfe, and
on the E. S. E. corner a Hore. On the
J'>utlKnimott end of ths ftrect is a good
t^ tei n. The t'welling-houfes are, a few
excepted, built of rime-ftonr, one or
t«4> Tories high, inhabited by tiaclef-
snui and mechanics, mcilly of^ German
catra^lion. Theinhahitaiits are fuppli
cdwith.MTAt^' conveyed »othcm by pipes .
from a fine (bring near the (own. The
Ifituation of the town, and the fklubrioar
airbfthfe ad^eent cdaBtry, render this
a very'agreeaMe pl^e< The number
of inhabitants In the town and dir firms'
belbnging to it, (Shoen^ included)
conftitctin^tMie congregation, and meet-
ing fer divine fervfce on Lord'sdajrs and
hMtdays, at Nazareth Hall, was, in the
year 1788, about 450^ '■■■■*
Necessity, Fort, m Virginia, is fi*i
tuated in the Great Meadow, within 4.
miles of the W. bounds of Maryland,
and on the north fide of the head water
of Red Stone Creek, which empties
from the £. into the Monongahela, in
N. lat. 39. 43. about s6 miles from the
i'pot where this fort was ei-e£led. It is
tji miles E. by N. of Alexandria, and
258 north-weft of Frederickfburg. This
fpot will be forever famous in the hif.
tory of America, as one of the firft'
fcenes of Gen. Washington's abili-
ties as a commander. In 1753, it was
only a fmall onfinifhed entrenchment,
when Mr. Walhington, then a colonel,
in the aad year of his age, was fent witlr
300 men towards the Ohio. An en-
gagement with the enemy enfued, and
the Frendi were defeated. M. de ViU
lier, the French commander, fent down
900 men befides Indians, to attack the
Virginians. Their brave leader, how-^.
ever, niadef-i:h an able defence withr
his handful of men in this unfinifhed
fort, as to conftrain the French officer
to grant him honourable terms of capi-
tulation. • '
Neodk'k, Ca//, or Heddoek^Viet be-
tween York river and Well's Bay ou
the coaft of York co. DiArifl of Maine.
Neddick Rin/ery dpt, in the above
county, is navigable about a mile from
the fea, and at fail tide only for vefTels
of any confiderable burden, it having a
bar ot fand at its mouth, and at an hour
before and after low water, this rivulet
is generally fo fhallow as to be fordable
within a few rods of 'ihe fea. '
NEfcDHAM's Fointt on the S. W. an-
gle of the iiland of Barbadocs in the
Weft- Indies, is to the S. eaftcrly from
Bridgetown, having a foit upon it called
Charles Fort.
Need MAM, a townfhip in Norfolk
CO. Maffachufetts, 1 1 miles from Bollon.
It is about 9 miles in length and 5 in
liieadth, and is almoft encompafTecl by
Charhs river. The lowei fall of tlw
river,
r
K E L
i^ver> at the bridge between Newton
and Necdham it about so ftct in ita
direft dcfceot* Here the river divides
Middlesex from Norfolic co. ^ It wa«
ineorporated in 1 7 1 x • and contains 1 1 30
intiabitants. A flitting and tvliitig mill
has lately been erc£ted nere.
Neehbbhbou, pne of the Sandwich
iflands» about 5 leagues to the weftwaitl
of Atooi,.andhasaAiout 10,000 inhabi-
tants. Its place of anchorage is in lat.
SI. 50. N. and long. 160. 15. W.
Sometimes it is called Ntbeeownt Onte-
teow.
Negada, or JtueaJa, one of the
Caribbee iflands in the Weft- Indies. It
is low an(< defart, encompaiTed with
ihoals and lund.banks. It is called Ne-
gada, from its being moftly overflown
by high tides. It is 50 miles north -
weft of Angiiilla, and abounds with
crabs. N. lat. 18. 6. W. long. 63. 5.
NsoRiL HarbouTt North, at the W.
end of the ifland of Jamaica, has North
Negril Point on the north, which is the
moft wederl;^ point of the Ifland of Ja-
maica. N. . c. 18. 45. W. long. 78.
Negro Cafe and Harbour, at the
fouth-weft extremity of Nova-Scotia.
Negro Point, on the £. coaftot Bra-
zil, is 3 leagues at S. S. E, from the Rio
Grande, and 14 fromCapeSt. Kocque.
Negro River is the weftcrn bound-
ary of Guiana in S. America.
Negao Fort, in Amazonia, ftands on
the mrth fide of Amazon river in S.
America, juft below the junction of its
^reat branches the Purus and Negro,
m the 4th degree of north latitude, and
about the 60m of W. longitude.
Nelson, a county ot Kentucky.
Chief town, Bairdftown.
Nelson's Fort, a fettlemer.t on the
W. fliore of Hudfon's Bay, (ituated at
the mouth of a river of the fame name,
S50 miles fouth-eaft of Churchill Fort,
and 600 north-weft of Rupert's Fcrt, in
the poflefTion of the Hudfon's Bay Com-
{>any. It is in lat. 57. 12. north, and
ong. 93. 4Z.W. The ftioals fo called
ar. faid to be in lat. 57. 35. north, and
long. 92. It. weft, and to have high
water at full and change days at ao mi-
nutes paft 8 o'clock.
Nelson's River/is thcN. W. branch
of Hayes river, on the W. fliore of Hud-
fon's Bay, which is feparated into two
channels by Hayes Ifland, at the mouth
of whi^h Nelfon's Fort is fituated.
\
Nbnawbwhcx JniBant Inbabl^ncfiff
Scvem.river, fouth of Severn lake.
NeomInas llivrr,«i the coaft of Pe-
ru, is.it or 14 leagues to tbeN. W. of
Bonaventura river. It is a bu^e ^'w*
and empties into the qcean by a moutba.
Th^ fliore is low, but there is no land-*
in£ upon it, as it is inhabited only hf
favag js whom it would not be very big
to ti-uft, as their peaceable or boftlffdiC
lx>ntion towards Europeans cannot bf
eafily known. The coaft, though in the
vicinity of the moft flouriibuig Spanifli
colonies, remains unfrequented and wiM.
Palmaslfland is oppofite to this river, be*
ing low land, and having fevcral flioab
about it } and from hence to Cape jpori-
entes is 20 leagues to the N.W. Theri.
ver and ifland are in lat. about 4. 30. N.
Nepean Ifiaad, a fmall Ifland of the
South Pacific Ocean, oppofite to Port
Hunter on the fljuth coaft of Norfolk
Ifland.
Nepean Soiad, an extenlive water
on the north-weft coaft of N. America,
having a number of iflanda in it, m
fome charts called Princes Royal Ifl.
ands. It opens eaftward from Cane St,
James, the Ibuthemmoft point ofWafli.^
ington's or <Jucen Charlotte's Iflands.
Fitzhug'h's Sound lies between it and
Queen Charlotte's Sound to the foutibi*
ward.
N e po N s E t, a river of Maflachufetts,
originates chiefly from Muddy and
Punkapog Ponds, in Stoughton, and
Mafliipog Pond, in Sharon^ and; after
pafling over falls frflicient to carry mills,
unites with other fmall ftreams, and
forms a very conftant i'upply of water,
tor the manv mills fituated on the river
below, until it meets the tide in Milton,
from whence it is navigable for 'vcflcls
of 1 50 tons burden to Bofton Bay, dih>
tant about 4 miles. There are 6 paper-
mills, bcfidea many others of difli:tent
kinds on this fmall river.
N£RUKA,aportin the ifland of Cape
Brcton.wherc tliePrenchhad afettlement.
Nesbit's Harbour, on tie coaft of
New- Britain, in N, AiP'.nca, where
the Moravians formed a fettlement in
1752 } of the firft party, fome were killed
and others were driven away. In 1764,
tliey made .another attempt under the pro-.
te^ion of the Britifii government, and
were will received by the Efquimaux,
and by the laft a9coynt the minion fuc>
ceeded.'
Nbscopecv
_N|«cerg«K Rhur fkUi into the N.
It. br|t«k of Sufquelwpuwb river,' new
th^ uMJiui b of tliie crceK of th«t name, b
|la«^mbci;|inil CO. ^i^'vania, aijd
MMcUte to, the town of Berwick, 160
!«»*». W. of PkUadclpHia* and in lat.
4^*1* An Ihdian town, called Nelieo.-
Kk, fbrmcrly. ttood near the fcite of
rwick.
fitTBEXLAiws, Nitu, ii the traA
tow included in the States of Ncw-
yci-k;, lliew-J«fpty, and part of Dela.
vrair and Fcnnfylvania, asd was thus
mneil by the P6tch. It palTed &T& by
cooeueft and afterwards by treaty into
Che hands of the Englifli.
- Nb rjtTiiA. or Sir Thomas JlorV
WldaaUi a naa-ow ftrait between lat.
6x. and 63, in ^ew North Wales, in
the ar^ie regions of Amttiea.
Nivs, a river of N. Carolina, which
cmptieainto Pamlico Sound bekm the
tawnof Newbern. It is navieable for
Ha ycfleU is miles above Newbein ;
jbr ftows 50 miles, and for iinall boats
soe mites.
Nevstra Seojurat Baia dti or Our
£aify''s Bay^ on the ccait of Chili, on
the S. Pacific Ocean, in S. America, is
30 leagues from Copiap^, and ao S. S.
W. ot Cape George. It is indiiferent
riding in tnis bay, as the N W. winds
blow ri^ht in, and 'the gufts from the
nxnmtama are vei7 dangerous.
NsviRSiNK (yeekt a ftream in the
llardenberg Patent, in Uifter co. New-
York. On an ifland in this creek Mr.
Baker having cut down a hollow beech
tree, in March, 1790, found near two
%«rrcU full of chimney fwallows in the
cavity of the tree. They were in a tor-
pid ftate, but fome of them being pla-
ced near a fire, were pkafantly reanima.
{ted by the warmth, and took wing with
their ufual agility.
Nevil Saj, on the weft fliore of
Hudlon's bay, is nearly due W. a little
northei ly from Cape Digges and Man-
fcl idand at the entrance into the bay.
^orth lat. 6«. 30. weft lone. 95.
Nevi5, an ifland lefs than a league
fowth-eafterly of the peninfiila of St.
Chriftopher*s,oneoftheCaribbce.;.Thi8
beimtitul little fpot is nothing mure than
a fingie mountain rifmg like a cone in
an e;ilv afcent from the fea ; the circum-
ference of its bafe not exceeding 8 Bri-
tifh leitgues. This ifland was douht-
Ui* produced by fomr volcanic eruption,
ibr there is « hollow crater, qear tho
fummit ftillvifible{ which contains a
hat Tpring, ftranjglir imprfgnated with
ftilphur, and fntpmir is fi^Kently hnvai
in fubftance; in the neig|tt:lourltw ^u|.
lies and cavities of the cyt^tb. The Hl>
and is weirwatered, and the land in ge.i
neral, fertile. Pour thoufand acres of
canes are annually cut, which prodnce
an equal number of hogiheads of funr.
The iflMMi, ftnallas it u, U divided into
5 pariflies. It has one town, Cbarlef-
tawnt which is a port of entry, and the
feat of jeovemment ; where is alio a fort
called Charles Fort. Theie were two
otiter ihippiog places, viz. Indian Caftle
and New-Caftle. Nevis contains 600
whites and 10,000 blacks. It was flrft
fettled by the Englifli in i6aS, under
the protedion of Sir Thomas Warrer.
It is faid, that, about the year 1640 ihe
ifland ccmtained 4,000 whites, and fom:
v/riters fay that before the year 16S8 It
had 3P,ooo inhabitants. The invaiion
of the French about that time, and liMi^e
epidemic diforders flrangely diminiflied
the number. Charlcftown, the capital
lies in lat. 17. 15. N. and long. 61. 35,
W. There are feveral rocks and flioals
on the coaft, particularly on the fouth-
weft fide, but (hips ride between thfrni
in tolerable fafety, the hurrican fea(bns
excepted, when they are obliged to put aft
to lea, and run into Antigua if poflibl^.
N£Vir. Albion, a name given to 4
country of indefinite limits, on the weft-
em coaft of N. America, lying north of
Caiiforma,
New, a river of N> Carolina, which
empties, after a (hort courfe, into th?
ocean, through New River Inlet. ' ' Its
mouth is wide and fltoal. It abounds
with mullet during the winter feftfon.
New-Andalusia, a jprovince of
Terra Ftima, S. America, lying on the
coaft of the N. Sea, oppofite to the Lee>
ward Iflands] bounded by the river
Oroonoko on the weft. This country
is called Parta by fome writers. Its
chief towm is St. Thomas. Some gold
mines were difcovrred here in 1785.
New-Anoovsr, a fcttlrment in
York CO. Diftrift of Maine, which con-
tains, including Hiram ^nd Pott(;iftcl(i,
214 inhabitants.
New-AnticaRIA, a town ^f New-
Spain, 34. leagues northward cf Aca«
pulco.
New-AnticveRa. anrpifcppal city
of
\.
^fTEW
tl»W
«f NewwSpaIn, kilhe province of Oun- | NiW*ATMii%tf'iAMlMpr«*fMls
aca» «niaed into a biilKwrkk by Paul I on the poft.nMd ftoMi' CoiptHM>yt|>
III. 1 147* It kM «ttMe cathedra], WillianAwy, iii'LiiMi^iPi^^
▼ante, ci»ilM ipsiM^^ Ittil'IbfMiiav
i^iiraottcil himwMt pillart.
' WtWAaKf a towolhip In'Eilex «o.
in VcrittOQt.
NrwARK Bmft in Newijerftv, i«
' ifenned by die conflaenceof Paflaidt and
Hackenraiek rtvcra from the north, and
» feparatcd from that part of North
lifer oppdke'to New. York city, by
^Bergfen Neck on the E. <whtch neck,
^'alfo, with Staten lAand on the S. of it,
^'form a narrow channel frota the 6ay to
North river eaftward. Newark Bay al-
io communicates wiih Raritnn Bay, at
' the mouth of Rariton river, by a channel
in a & by W. direAion along the>^eftern
fide of Staten Ifland. The' water paiTage
from New-York to Elizabeth- Town
'Point,' 15 miles, is through rins bay.
Newark, a poft-town of New-Jerfey
and capital of Eiftx coimty, is pleafant-
ly iituated at a fmall diftance wed of
PaiTaick river, near its mouth in Newark
Bay, and' nine miles W. 'of -New- York
city. It is a handfome and flourifhing
'tdWn, celebi'ated for the excellence of
its cyder, and is the feat of the largeft
'9ioe manufaftnre in the State : the ave-
rage number made daily throughout the
'year, is eftimated at about lop pairs.
The town is of much the fame iize as
'Elizabeth-Town, and is 6 milesN. of it.
There is a Prefljytevian church of ftone,
"the largeft and mod elegant building of
the kind In the State. Befides thcfe is
an Epifcopal church, a court-houfe and
•'■spiol. The academy which was tftab-
'' liflied here in June, 1792, promiles to
'be a ofeful inftitution. In Newark and
in 'Orange which joins it on the N. W.
there are 9 tanneries, and valuable quar-
ries of ftone for building. The quarries
in Nevrark, wotild rent, it is »id, for
w £ 1 000 a year, and tiie number of work-
men limited. This town was originally
fettled by emigrants from Branford,
ConneiUcut, as long ago as 1662.
Newark, a village in Newtaftle co.
Delaware, fituatcd between Chriftiana
and White Clay Creeks, 9 miles well
of Ncw-Caftle, and no fouth-weftcrly of
Wilmington,
Newark, a town lately laid out by
the Britifli in Upper Can^la, on the
river which connects lake Krie and
Ontario, directly oppofite Niagara town
andfott.
* . . ■
the conflntau of Hom filreir ^«f^^
Ef. branch orSaft|ae&miiti«i4n^
lat. 4«. S+'WXl *•«• 7*. S».'W.
■bout 3 miles S^tf thcHnri-Yotl^lalfa
New- York, 14S.V. of 0«MM, iM
116S. W.of<J«>peHlown.^^
Nbw-BaMamb*, <s HBwiMib ^
htrein co. New-Jtrfty«
New.BEDiM»M, « pMt.MW|fi ip^
port of entry in Btiftbl co. llMklMi.
tetts, fttuatad^m a IbMll baywririeh^
up north from ■Bi»iard*«)Bt]rir ^fr*!^
S. ofBofton. Tbe townih^'wosui-
corporated in tySy, and it »j niilet ia
length and 4 in bt««dth } bOaftf^^E.
by Rochefter, W. by Darfraootli, «r
which it was origimdlv a part, «nd ^ ^
by Buzzard V Bay. Acebt>1kua -wna^
Indian name of New- Bedford ; and tbs
linall river of that nane, difcovered kf
Gofhold in i6o«, rant fvomiiorth t»
iouth through the towniSiip, and divide*
the villages of Oxford and PaZrIunpea
from Bedfoid village. A company iMW
incorporated in 1796, for bnil^fng a
bridge acrofs this river. 'From the head
to the mouth of the river is 7 xk 8 milca^
Fairhaven and Bedford villages, are »
mile i^art, and a ferry cen^antly at.
tended is ettaiiliftietl between them. * The
harbour 'is very fafe, in ftncie places
1 7 or I & feet of water j and veflfelt of %
or 400 tons lie at the wharves. Its
mouth ifr formed by Clark'* Neck on thr
W. fide, and Scomicutt Point on the
other. An ifland between ttwfe point*
renders the entrance narrow; in 5 fa-
thoms w*ter, Higli water at ftillMid
cliange of the moon 37 minutes afttr 7
o'clock. Dartmouth is the lafeft place
to lie at with an eafterly wind ; btifat
Ntw-Bedfbrd you will lie fafe at the
wharves. The river has pkntyof fmall
fifli and a fhort way from ItR mouth they
catch cod, bal's, black fifli, iheep'S' Ifiead,
Sec. The damage done by the BritSrti to
this towji in 1778 amounted to the value,
^ /^97>ooo. It is now in a flouriftripg
(late. In the to«vn(hip are a poft-oi)tiiee,
a printing otfice, 3 meetings tor Friends,
and 3 for Congiegationalirts, and 3313
inhabitants. The expoits to the differ-
ent States and to the Well- Indies for
oneycar,enUirgi>cpi, 30, J754.,araownt-
ed
iA^.
ly
, ijf^ %» by Jt.of PhUatlel|>hia«
j« MlirsM>>)*» <»W! of the safticrja man-
tj^ne diftri^of N» C«rolia4» bounded
^» M|d $. E< by t|ie Atlantic, S. W. by
fjmaampva, W* by Fayette, N. m.
]lar llUIjiboiVPgby N. by Hallifax, and
MfM* by Ed«ntondiftrift. It compre<
itiodatmiCQuniffsof Cartei-et, Joses,
Cn^en, Bcauftrt, Hyde,/Pitt, Wayne,
<6faK^«r, Lenmr, and Johnftpn i and
, 90^$i^ 55>S4» inbabitants, including
35,000 flavet.
: NXWVBRI*, the capital of .the above
liiftrift, it a poft.town and port of entty,
fiuatsd in Craven co. on a fiat, iandy,
point of land, formed by the confluence
cf the rivers Neus on the N. and Trent
■«n the fouth. Oppoitte to the town,
^the Neu« 18 abopit a mile and a half, and
.^the Trent threetquarters of a mite wide.
Kewbem is the largefttowointhe State,
contuns about 400 houfet, all built of
wood except the pakce, the chiu-ch, the
glioi, and twp dwelling-houfes, which
are of brick* The palace was erefled
, by the province before the revolution,
and was formerly the refidcnce of the
governors. It is lai'ge and elegant, two
iories high, with two wings for offices,
a little advanced in front towards the
town } thefe wings are coinieAed with
the principal building by a circular ar-
cade. It it much out of repair { and tlie
only ufe to vrhich this once handfome
and well fumilhed building is now ap-
SiUed, is for Ichools. One of the halls
t ufed for a fchool, and another for a
dancing- room. The armt of the king
of Great Britain ftili appear in a pedi-
ment in front of the building. The
Epifcopalian church it a fmall brick
building with a bell. It is the only
boufe for public worOiip in the place.
The court houfc is railed on brickaich-
ct, fo as to render the lower part a con-
venient market place ; but the principal
marketing is done with the people in
their canoes and boats at the river fide.
Jn September, 17 .- . near one third of
this town was (c.-i-i ;i.;:d I'/ fi; *. It
canies on a confidciil't' :i. ie tr he
"Weft Indies and thedif stv States in
tar, pitch, turpen'inr- lurrber corn,&-c.
The exports in f , ;..', ...t.;. n iii ;■. c.),6 5
dollars. It is .^^j iriiif {intr "-.atfii^h,
W. of Edfiru;,!. io-^ h' )'•'. by
.of Wilmington., 'JS « t pitcr:burgh
io Virginia, and ^oi b v% vfVii'a-
S9S.
f.of^
NEW
dclphia. N. lat. 35. le. W. leaf.
77. *5'
N«w-BuCAY, a jpravince im the av.
dience of Galjcia, in Oi|d-Mcxico or
New.Spain. it It laid to b« too Jetg'jtg
fix>m E. to W. and xso firoin 401th to
fouth. It iaa well Wintered and fertile
country. Many of the inhabitantt are
rich, not only in corn, cattle, &c. but
r'fo in filver minea, and fome of lead.
New-Boston, atownflitpUiHiUibo.
rough CO. New-HampflitrCf, abou!' ?o
m Ics wefterly of Portfrnoutb. It vvas
incorptH^ted in 1763, and coi!itai»s
ISO 2 inhabitants.
New*Braintree, a townOiip- in
Worcetter co. Maflachufetts, confifting
of about 1 3,000 acresof land, taken from
Braintree, Brookiield, and Hardwick,
and was incorporated in 1 7 5 1 . It con«
tains 940 inhabitants, mcftly ftrmers,
and lies 19 miles north- weft of Worccf-
ter, and 66 north-weftof Bofton.
New-Britain. SetAmmcat La-
brador, and Britaiu Nrw.
Nzw-BRiTAiN,attown(hipinBuifk'«
CO. Pennlylvania.
New Brunswick, in the State of
New- York is filuated on Palta Kill,
about 8 miles S. W. of New Paltz, and
69 north- wefterly of New- York city.
New-Brunswick^, in Middlefexcb;
New Jerfey. See BruHJHuick,
New-Bkunswick, a Britifli pro-
vince in N. America, the north-weft
part of Nova-Scotia j bounded weft by
the Diftri£l of Maine, from which it is
ieparated by the river St. Croix, and a
line drawn due north from its fource to
the Canada line ; north by the fouthern
bovndaty of the province of Lower Ca-
nada, until it touches the fca-ftiore at
the weftern extremity of Chaleur Bay \
then following the various windings of
the fea-flioreto the Bayof Verte, in the
(iraits of Nprthumberland \ on the S. £.
it is divided from Nova- Scotia by the
feveral windings of the MifTiquaftt river,
from its confluence with B^au Bafon (at
the head of Chegnc£lo channel) to its
main fource $ and from thence by a due
e-Aik line to the Bay of Verte. The nor-
thern fljores of the Bay of Fundy con-
ftitute the rrmaimler of the fouthern
bour.'.ary. All illands included in the
ibove ViH'.ki belong to this proviiKf.
According to Anowfttith's map, it ex-
tends frn I lat. 4.5. 7. tc 47. 15. N. and
from lonj^. 64, to 69. 50.W, It is about
a6o
9iJ4»
(laves.
miles
liHUffa
in
iUm\kt longt and 170 braid. The
chibf towns areSt. John't, at the mouth
^thc river of the »me name { . St. An-
ne**; the tireftnt Teat of government, to
ibH«i upehe river { and f rederiekftewiitt
afcwmillsabovc.St.Ann*<a* Thr chief
riven art St. Jokn't, Merrimicbi, Petite
«)dhc» Memraiscoolc, Riltisouchrt and
Nipifiguit. The; coaft of tfiia province
it incKBted with numeiout oay« and
cqmmodieua harbours } the chief are
Chaleury Mcrrimichi, Verte, which laft
i> feparated from the Bay of Fundy by
a narrow ilthoius of about 18 miles
wide) Bay ot Fundy, which extends
50 leagues into the country j Chegnec-
to Bay, at the head of the Bay of Fundy;
Pafliunaauoddy Bay, bordering upon
the Diftri& of Maine. At the entrance
«f this bay is an ifland granted to feve-
ral gentlemen in Liverj^ral, in Lanca-
ihire, who named it Camuo Bello.
At a very confiderable expente they at-
tempted to form a fi^ttlement here, but
failed. On feveral other iflands in this
bay there are fettlements made by peo-
ple from Mafl'achufetts. Here are nu-
merous lakes, as yet without names.
Grand Lalte, near St. John's river, is
30 miles long and 8 or 10 broad; and
in fome places 40 fathoms deep. See
Canada, St. Jtbn's Hvir, Sec.
Nbwburoh, a townflup in UlRer
CO. New- York hounded eafterly by Hud-
ibn's river, and foutherly by New-
Windfor, and contains S365inhabitant8s
of whom 37 3 are electors, and 57 fla/cs.
The compaft part of the town is neatly
built, and pleafantly fituatcd on the
weft bank of the Hudibn, 66 miles north
of New.York,oppofiteFiih-Kill Land-
ing, 7 miles from Filh-Kill, 13 from
Goihen, and 14 fouth from Poughkeep-
fie. It confifts of between 50 and 60
houfes and a Prelbyterian church, fitu-
ated on a gentle afcent from the river.
The country northwaixi is well cultivat-
ed, and affords a rich profpeJl. VelTcls
of confiderable burden may load and un-
load at the wharves, and a number of
velTels are built annually at thie bufy
and thriving place.
Newbury, a county of Ninety-Six
diftri£t, S. Carolina, which contains
9,34a inhabitants, of whom 1,144 are
(laves. Newbury court-houfe is 45
miles from CoKiiubia, and 31 from
3d»ur^t court-houfe.
lIsWBi;iiY» Btowifhtj^inYarkcB.
Pemfylvania.
MawBUBY, tht capital of OctMr
CO. Vtrmom, pleafimtly fituacadMUt
weft fide of ConneAicut rivsr, OMofilc
to Haverhill, in Grafton co. Ncw-Hihmi-
fhirr, and horn wrhich it la ; milrs m^
taau It contains abov; 50 houfeai *■
gady a court-houfe, rjid a handfiMBa
chtirch for Congrega':ionalifls with a
fteeple, which waa t^ie fbft «reAedin
Vermont. The eour^haufe ftanda oa
an eminence, and commands a plea^g
profpe6k of what i« called the Great
Oxbow of Connefticut river, where ate
the rich intervale lands called the Little
Coos. Here a remarkable fpring was
difcovered, about so years fince, which
dries up once in two or three years. It
has a ftrongfmell of fnlpluu-, and throw*
up continually 1 peculiar kind of white
fand : and a thick yellow finim rile*
upon the water when fettled. This it
the more noticeable as the water of the
ponds and rivers in Vermont are re-
markably clear and ti'anfparent. It is
130 miles N. £. of Bennington, and
41 7 N. E. by N. of Philadelphia. N.
lat, 44. 5. Number of inhabitants
873.
Newbvry, a townfhipin EfTexco.
Maflfachufetts, incorporated in 163J:}
iituated on the fouthcrti bank of Merri-
mack river, and contains 3,972 iniiabit-
ants. It formerly included Newbury.
Port, and with Merrimack river encir-
cles it. It is divided mfo five parilhes,
befides a focietV/of Friends, or Q,uakert.
Dummer Academy, in this townfliip, is
in a flourifhir.g ftate ^ it was founded
by Lieut.Gov. Dummer in 1 756, open-
ed in 1763, and incorporated in 178*.
The inhabitants are principally employ-
ed in hufbandry. The land, particu-
larly in that part of the town which lies .
on Merrimack river, and is here called
Neivburjf-Neivtoa, is of a fiiperior qua-
lity, under the belt cultivation, and is
faid by travellers to be little inferior to
the moft improved parts of Great Bri-
tain. Some of the highlands afford a
very extenfive and variegated view of
the furrounrling country, the rivers, the
bay, and the fea coaft from Cape Ann
to York, in the Dillnft of Maine„
Some few vefTels a/e here owned and <un^
ployed in the filhcry, part of which are
fitted out from Parker river. It x'lif
I ' ^
3fZ,
aMMSjjMdRt Into'tiM found wMchlStpa-
iW n f l i l i Ul ylflUMil fhom ilw UMlirknd.
•I Wmfl^pMC tUMRiWO MIIM iMin tn
wwii * A wmUmi iflMMiftiAify Ihm
lMiiMklMM4«t«n 4tettnftve fiak in
^fflill<|«M, «n4pN«iUiM to fiiccMd.
^ik\» tamttUlf^h tfiHiil wkh 8«lif.
4inFkyBft«Merr(nndt bridge, about
'B imIn dbovt il«avb«rf -Portt b«iH in
•«79S. At theldtM when the bridge
k «mAmI, m iflMid dividet the river
.fall* two brmchet I an arch of t(o ftet
tdfcmnter, 4» ftet above the level of high
sWRMTf coMicA.1 thit ifland with the main
•^ dM opuofite fide. The whole lencth
4if the bridge !» io)ofeet| iti breadth
•f4| it* eooMMa npwafdt of 4ooo tons
:<if timber. The two large arches were
«ewcMad finm i^ anoddinvaitad bv Mr.
Tiaiothy Palmar, alh ingenioin bonTe.
.wrlgbt in Newbvry.Port. The whole
ia executed in a Ihrle far exceeding any
thihg of the kind hitherto eflayed in this
countrv, andapt>eart to unite eleeancet
Unngtli and .fimfintTe. The day before
i the bridgeiwaaopened &r the infpeftien
lof the pnWle|r.a Ihip of ijo tone pafled
undei^ the gi'eat arch . TherK hzL
modioui houf: of entertainment at the
faridbe,. which is the refort of parties of
, plcawre^ both in Axmmer and winter.
NbwbvuY'Port, a port of entry,
•and poft'town in Etkx co* Maflkchu«
Iktsi pleafantly fituated on the S. fidd
eif Merrimack river, about 3 miles from
the (ea. In a commercial view it is
next in rank to Salem. It eontaina
.4837 inhabitants, although it is, per-'
. baps, the linalleft townihip in tht State,
its contents not exceeding 640 acre*.
It was taken from Newbury, and incor-
porated in 1764. The churches, 6 in
number, are ornamented with ftceples }
the oth<a* public buildings are the court*
, houfe, giul, a bonk, and 4 public fchool-
Imtfes. To the honour of this ^ town,
there art in it 10 public fchoob, and 3
nrinting^oflkes. Many of the dwelling
noufes are elegant. Before the war there
were many mips built bete ; but tnai^
years after the revolution, the bu/inefs
was on the declines it now begins to re>
vive. The Boftonand Hancock contt<
nental frigates, were built here, anj
many privateers dui'ing the war. The
harfaiour is ftfe and capacious, but dif*
ficuU' to enter. See Mtrrimack Rit/er.
I'he Marine Society of tiu;' owu, and
In it, IM* kamiMly
ii UH » i ia l 4bmllho#fte, «ith»flMre
^VhMimm* fbmKM with fiMl
mi llbiff iiu i uM i imi iee, lor the mtttf of
titt •fhimaM difHlled in Sc*buiy.
Port, there iaaUb«brawfer|rt «nd)»ccn*
(idcrable tradt ia eatvied on witH the
Weft-Indice and the fouthem 8t^tc<.
Somevefleh are cmplMed inthtfinight-
ing bufinefs, and a few in the Mury.
In Nov. 1790, then were owned m this
port, «ihip«i 4S brigantines, §9 {Utoon-
ers, and at -floops} making in alK
1 1 ,t74 tons. The experts wr a year,
ending Sept. so* >794i amounted to
36),3todMlars. A machine for cut-
ting nails, hat beeii lately invented by
Mr. JacobPerkins cf thts town, a gen-
tleman of great mechanical genius,which
will tumout,if neceflTary, aoe,ooo nails
in aday. Newbui-y->Port it 40 . miles
north-north-eaflof Bofton^ ad[fouth-by.
weft of Portfmoutb, 1 1 N. of Ipfwich,
and SS9 norrh-eaftoif Philadelphia. The
harbour has 10 fiithoms water t l\igh
water at full and change 1 5 minutes af.
ter II O'clock. The light-houfe on
Plumb* liUmd lies in 42. 47. north la-
titude, and in 70. 47. weft- Ion tritude.
Hmw Calidonia, the qame giv<:n
by the Scotch to the ill-fated icttlement
which that nation formed on^he ifthmus
of Dartenv and on the fouth weft fi>1e ef
the gulf of that name. It.ia fituated
eaftward of the narroweftjnartiof the
itthmut, which is between Panama and
Porto Bello, and lies foutb-eaft of
the latter city. The fi^tlement was
formed in 169!. See Darin*
New.Camton, a fnull town lately
eftabliflied in Buckingham co. Virginia,
on the fbuth'fide of James'a river, 70
miles above Richmond. It contiiiis a
few houfes, and a ware-houlis §ov ir-
fpefting t<^acco.
Ne,w -Carlisle. See BMavem-
tnre,
New-Castle, the moft nrMihem
countv of Delaware State. It ik about
40 miles in length and «e in breadth,
and contains 19,686 inhabitants, inclu-
din? ft,s6a flaves. Hei'e are a imiff-
ra ills, a flitting- mill, '4 paper mills, 60
for grinding different kinds of graiM,
and feveial hitiing-milts. The chief
towns of this county are Wilmington
and Now-Caftie. Xbe land in it i& wore
broken than any other part of the State.
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ibiln Ibuth of Wilmington tad,
^VPhUadelpbia. It contaiAf
honfet, • coiirNhottft
urch iar Eptfcopaliana
Preflbytwriant. This if the
Ml Delaware river, havj
3 the Swede*, ittiMt
> called ft ^ckbclm^
lis of Sw«len.
tiie haitll of the Oiltefii, It
Ni
litkfi
the name of N^miMw^irdim
||Bglifli, when they; took pol
I
kf ike country, g*i|: it the name
l>-6r^4^. It war lately on the
\\ %nt uow begbif io flourifti.
irel» be built, w^ch will aflfonl
^at to vrflels, (Kiring tiw win.
Thele, when oompleted,
ifidembly to ka^attvitotagea,
in^rporated In tS/a, \iN the go-
vernor of |lew-.Y«r|^ aMLwaafofitiMiy
years .unditr thf m^gement of a bailiff
and fik anftanm^f^bt. f*. $8.
Nji|y«SASTLE, a tbwnfliip in Weft.
Cheftiir CO. New. York, taken from
NortlpCaflle i4i79i> and incorporated.
In i7i(» P^'^ w(^>^ ^Si of tne inhabit-
ants «alaed cleflors.
Ni^.^ASTLB, a rni|Mli#ji» in the
countir of Rockinghamf New-HRmpI^
(hire,9 neglrs diftant from Portrmottto,
tvas ii|:or perated in 1693, ^"(^ contains
534. ittafaikants.
Ni^.Castle, a fmall poft-town in
LIrcomi c|. Dtftri6t of A|^ine, fituated
hetwcfn Jiumarifcotta aaeLskungut ri-
vers. ■ It is 10 miles E. by N. of Wif-
caflet466 N. £. Q^ Portland* and 19a
M.bylE^of Boifton. Tlie townOiip
a>nta|is l|6 inhabitants. \ \
NBiir -Castle, a poft-town of Hano.
vercof Viezinia, fituated at the mouth
of Aflequll creek, on the S. W. fide of
Pamulky jiver, and contains about ^(J
OAf • town of <
iM«Hli<
MWAyl • n oiii iii H
NcwwtlHi) lMNiiicdfiar«
and .M7%UlflcrMiudetAtflvliyHMdU
^' ^ roa*s river Miiil llMMtnrar. miuikSm
4»sis ialMbit)||m uKldtveof i^tMPH.
teffwiiiif % GcMii*.
MF|#4>ujili aM» in Stnlbt^ coini^
New-Harapfliire, Iks on the Mftfanft
of Win.jeniflcogs Lalce. wift of liitortyt
Meeting Bay, nearly 40 milca tt^bw
weft of Portflnouth. IiMorpofMM| In
176*, having 554 inlubitants. *
Nbw-Edi Ni^uROli, a new AttloiM*
in Nova-Acotia.
NKWBNHAM,Ca^,is thentMi|imt
oTBriftol Bay, on the north wA q|it
AUakmgtlitdMift
IT to uw aorlk-
of North- America*
the flood tide fets ftrongly
weft, and it is high water aboot
on full and change days. N* bt. jl*
41. W. long. 16a. s4.
NEW'ENGLAND,forNoRX^iliS
or Eastbiin States) list b a <& ui: »B,;
and about 48 N. \0k.. and l»k*«M»|^
5U amhf4. 1. W. longitnd«iAliteini|i
north by Lower- Canada) MRbyjANIs
f>rovince of New.&Fttnfwick and ttt Jhlh'
antic Ocean ) fbuth by the ioBM omin;!)
and Long. Iflandl Sound I w«ft by tb»
State of (few. York. It lies in the fitr%
of a quarter of t circle. Its w^ ^It^
beg|inning at the mouth of ByiamriiM|||
which empties intoLoBg-Iflmd SoymLil^
the fouth-weft comer ot CoonefticM|,|M^|
41. nms settle E. of N. until itfti^
the 1.5th degree of latitude ; aqd ^m
.-curves to the eaftward almoft to the Giun
of St. Lawrence. This gr^ad divifien
of the United States comprehends die
Statci . ,gf . Fermosa, Ntw-Hmmbfiirr,
houfe^ It is 54 miles N. W. of WiW M^iuU^ettSt (iaduding the DJMa^
liamflirg, *4N.E.«fRichraond,aad "^ ' "*^ '^^'^^ ' " » - --
a97 fifm Philim3|thia. i
N£|y.Q|l£iTSkVa townftiip iiC Graf,
ton c4 New-^H8|kip(hire, fituated fsithf
Wo fide of l^b»w»iret river. It wail
iwcor|^ti(^ii^l|f>t» and conmnasta
uihabUantf. It Isibouti) imps be*
low t« tovgpkjQtpj^riioath. r* ;
Nsw.(}oilco«9« fcrmerly can«|
MptfJ Rbadt'^luSii ami PrroUbm*
FlaMtt^nttvACmm^da. New-En^
land hal a very heftlthfiil eMmate. It i*
l^pptftl iltM-abvntone w ftftn ^ifat
^mfhifritsHve to tne age i^F yoycars |
«nd abnut oMin tbirtem or foartMi^
80 and upwards. Nordi-weft, wtft md
fiia«hMiiffe>flrbkl« are the moft|(«i!«|«it.
Eaft and n«th-eafl; yMnds,wbioire w^
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Corporation
33 WIST MAIN STREf T
WEBSTER, NY. HSSO
(716) 873-4503
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inUilipii M^i«Uv ill _^
SM|i»^rMl mocf s«> duin 4|^
iofiito fllMihcKiTtlRrainiMtdqri «fc
■ iiJ ii i i i.-lt (nmjfi^^dlf^ Thettif.
MffI n^ 'MwrikiR iniJfMu&iglaiidr
fevein* .{Mlinoaar/ «aalbnio(ii% »ri%<>
Ir^tt^^M^WMtTm. AkiifMieHias
MrfbvMb tku ^<* ia other «ow!itries»
iqiMitedkridiMl acterliiiff to their vvoilth
w iarifoMi^t tntotbVMciafletf thc'opu"
hMtji^ mUdlingf and the poor} the
idleflefs, ltixuriei»y ^Mi4 dcbauchd-iea of
«lw4Mb^ ind the mltetfi and tflK>fi«.
toiNpt intemperance of tba Mk de(bo)r
ORiiraimr proportion of theft t«K>.
#l*iiti«rmedla» daft ia hiblow tKofc
Midtl yi ic fc a 'Which prore fatal to the
iMt^ «Mlalio¥e thofi^rufferingt to which
«h»uniMftttnate poor fM TiStms t thi»
fa^fdbre the fttppieft divifion of the
thiee. Ofthc richand)iDort theAme-
ikMIMMibUe fumifltca a much finaller
yuMiWltiniiihaattny other difoia of the
hmmimMJ In .QbmKaieot, p»rti.
dMiflf^ tbv^Miribiitidn of weahh and
|l»««w<mitanta» boMirecqaarthan ^.
wlMre^ Md thMtforc* at far at excefiit
«r^iMM of WHdtb* may prove deftrac-
lH>* or JTahimry to life, tlw inhabitants
if iMt State may plead exemption fipom
"' ifte.** Whatthii writer, I)r.Foulke,
f«f GevnelMcvt in articular, will,
i>i*«fyfi(w«tcepla«B<V apply to New-
tiigtanditahSgh, hUlyt and in
■ilplMtatnoinMaiiw Mscountry, fbrm
W0I ^pipid' off^li^ir Mtora
tht^iWidlrii>ntj;» hiiMawdmtM, h _
Jwitof Auit tUbmu lypeaia Jb
dnhaadait cxtcnfive mcadowUf c
iMi largilwrdtof Jheep andiAt c^le,
and ridt ficida of §9%^ com, aii the vai*
riwit Jdndt of grain. Tfaele iJilUp wm ,
tdt'irarioua breadtht fiwn tira>«o tdbnty-
|«iiUee%^4ind bytheanmialiriuii^iaiiMof
tierivera puid fmallcr fhmig^ ^icU
iaMlhrough them, ther#ia ^^yntly
ai acenmulatim oft rich, fa#iU| left
upon thefwfitee when the watcM litife.
Theprincipal riven in. Ke«M£iMand
aw Penobftot, Kenncbedi, Aiidi^wg>
gin>orAmarirc(^gin,Saco,MerriflBaclc,
Conneaicutk Houfatonic, Otter Qnek,
and Onion riven; befides many ftnllcr
ones. Mew-Eaeland, nneFally ^k-
ii^, it better adapted for gr ting than:
fer grain, thoogh. a rufficicn^quantity
;of tike latter, it raiftd fior homeconfiinp.^^
tion< if we ««ept vilmt, wUch it im*
ported in confidttdlHs oiiancilUi fiony
the middle aniibtttlMikiSiateer fodia»
com, rve, oatt» barley, bo|iK.«iheat,
flax, and hemp, generally fueccedtveiy
well. Applet are cimunMB, andnnge.
neral plenty in Mcw.Englaad|^ m^ cy-
der conftitutes the principa^4ri(|k of
the inhabilMlK. Peaches do teb^rive
lb well as formerly. The other com-
mon fhiitt are more or lefs cultivated in
diftrent parts. The high and rocky
ground is in many parts covired-with
clover, and generally affords dhe heft of
pafturej and here are raifed ibme of the
fiaeft cattle in^ the world. "Thk quan-
tity of butter and cheefe made for ex-
portation it very great. Confiderable
attention hat lately been paid to the
raifing of iheep. Thit is the meA po-
(MP'fM^ independent republicans.
Tin DMNintabic are eoenpauativety rmal).
miiia^ north -and Tovth in ridges
! t» mh otlMr. Between theie
'fiiBW tl*jMit rivere in inajeMe
!irt»redlm«lgthein»uinerabie ri-
HHlcIt and Mtfjiferftreams' viMch proceed
IhiftK th«^^l^llMlltaint4lll eatk^de. •IHni'
•i IbcfiHtor off the tflo of a neiffhbouring
fWftwfiMkfH ttetriieCMttiictttlte ridget,
v^ileii aJateof nlurc^ exhibit a ro-
na omctppen r ance* Hwyliwmifiisecia
Bfii»^<aii lulled «id deprcAM in ha
t^iMtuictobe inhabited by a hardy^ polout dif tfion of the United States.
^ .i. ,ri^ i_j 1 — — ..Lf — Yt contained, acco;-ding to thecenfus of
'790* 1,009,511 fouli. Ifhe great
body of theie are landhoklert ind culti •
tvatort of the ibil. As theynoflUt, iii
fee fimple, the famftt which tnef titi-
vate, they are nttunitty attached to
their eonntry } the cultivation of the foil
jiMketthem robuft and healthy, and
enablei tliem to dcfiind it. New^Eng-
land may, with pr^utey,%ie cdled a
nuiieniof men, whence are ani|ually
tranrplanted, into other oartt of the
United States, thou&itdtofitt natWet.
Vaft
licit
^$!kwnibm^thm» fiace tlie wpr,
kMWtnkfrattd into the norlkan Mctt
vfVlmM^Kib, iiit0Kenta«iqr«|)^
WciBcp^vTtrrittNyr tad iiito Gvufia*
aiid iboM an fcitttercd into evwy Stats
wd0my tomo of note in the Union.
TkcantobitinttofNesv-Englamfl atCi
almoi «»iverfiiUy,of Engiiflidcfcenti
ni h it owing to this ciccuni^ancei
i^ IP the gnMt and genoral attention
tbaljuw haen paid to educatioot that
the SagUfli laoguMa haa bieen prefiav-
•d iftont than G> tnt firom corruption.
Leaniiif ia iKffufed more «niver£iUrt
among M ranka of people here* than in
any otiier partof the glohe } arifing 6rom
the alneAmt eftaUi(mncnt of fchoola in
almoft tvarjr townfliip» ^and the extenfivc
circttlatiMi of newfpapert. The iirft at.
tcn^ to form a regular fettlement in
thiacouatryt iwa* at Sagadahock, in
x6o7r but the year after, the yth<At
|iufl4ier-«ho furvived the wintn-f re-
turned to Bng^nd. The ficft compai^
that laid the feundatiw of the New>
En^anl States* t planted themfdvta at
Plymoutiii November, i6«o. The
ibundert of the colony coniifted of but
loi ^Is* In 1640, the importation of
fettlen ceaftd. Perfecution, (the mo.
tive which had led to tranfportation to
America) was, over, bv toe change of
aifain in England. At this time tlie
number of paflengers who had come
overi^ in %9% veflew, from the begin,
ning of tbecolony»Affloanted to »i,«oo
men, women and children; perhaps
about 4,000 families. In 1760, the
number of inhabitants in Mafl'qchufetts
Bay, New-Hampfliire, Connefticut, and
Rhode ifland, amounted, probably, to
half a miUioiu
Nsw-PAiRPiBbD, thenorth.weftem-
anoft townihip in Fairfield co.. ConncAi*
cut.
Niw.Famb, »hechief town of Wind-
ham CO. Vermont, is lituated on Weft
river, a little to the north-weft of Brat-
tleborough. It has 660 inhabitants.
KawrOWDLAND^iu/, on th«! eaA
fide of the gulf of St. LawreiKe, is fe-
parated from the «a^ of Labrador on
the north by the Straits of Beliile, which
is about II miles wide. It is fuuatcd
betWeenlat. 46.45. and 51.46. N. and
between long. 5a. }i> and 59. 40. W.
from Greenwich { being stimiks lone,
aad from 40.KI sSy milei broad. The
leapWiip^id^nmHEN^
Hmg coatiii|Md.9nd4bnte» ai^tliej
mmr. hcac». thoifi^ fioM»t» yaw .,
wfatnned by fioMtal tfii4.iti%mh;'i
muy Urge iiid Mpd kf^m.
MlamJI, «dietteioir^ 9^uie|iMN»<
to fid of tfialWt qmvwimtlOjiKijL
tion (which onilieleafepaft ae^^ipa,!
beat no very lemotejp^rioA ^ >M
will a^M a ^m\fttpfyiufi^,pmm
yarda, and aM forfs of Imlmm
W. India tr^. Bwt ni|uitatjfi(«.,.,„
ttjschi<^y vflnaMe fm, u^gepi
lUhery of cod,cai;irt«d op flMB ^lH/fiHf
(hoa!s, which ane called O^t ^asiu^M
Newtounaiand. pirfft Britail^fftJ |1^
U.$tates, at the low^ft cmomitat^,^ pf^
nual^r employ 3000 m tqf ta^H^rOfm
mthisAmery) op b(«fd of whtcli» t|iif
on iboretocuie avd f^w^ the ilS^t.ap
upwards of 100,000, 1vua4*< ^thatWff
fifliery is not only a very valuable bra|j^
of trade to the merchant, but .a fpinrca
of livelihood to nvwy thoulanda oi^imir
people, and a moft excellent mirlcfyt^
the loyal navy. This filhery is coo^kj^
ed to increaie.the naticmal ftock 300,000^
a year in gold and filver, renqitted.^
the cod fold in the north, jo Spjiin* ^
tvgal, Italy, apd the J^evaat*
plenty of cod, both on the great!
and the lefler ones, which lie to t^Mt^
andS.E. of this illand, is inconieeivim{i
and not only cod, but feyeral other^-
cies of fifh, are <;aught tltere .im^sgOBd^
ance } all of which arenearly in ai^ ,cqi|f|i
l^enty aloi^ thei(hores of Hew^(>und|afMU
Nova-Scotia, New>£ngland, apd the ijli
of Cape Breton; apo very proiitab|^
fifberies are carried on up^a all tbfif
coafts.
This ifland, after various .diQi^ttf
about the property, was entirely cc(^
to England by the treaty of U(recht,,^
1713; but the French were lctt4it U)^-
ty to dry their nets on the nortl^^
/bores of the iftand ; apd by the tro^
of 1769, they were permitT^ to 0iifk
the guif of St. Lawrence, .but wiiKthm
limitation, thatt^ejDi^HiaiPM^pRt^
%^
W'^
H
- r t-
Bill tb "tiipna. ■ Tht fmaU
fMftalated to ereft no fcfti(h»ltioni on
Ihf^lflarids, nor t& jutp-morfr'^lian ' 50
ttMM'tb enf^ Bjrdhe
MNipi^ty 3f p§ic«^ ^ Frencli are to
wi99fm fUlieri^ «ihtfi#Mrih^andOnthe
M^^eHltt of tlie iflaiii!) ahd the inha
IMft'brtiieUnlteil StM«« are allowed
«M W'lfrlTiiitei in liflilhg, at before
immma^i The chkf towns
Mm^ndlMid at«, Placentia, Bona-
mm'Wi''ft^' Jbhn^a I ^t not above
fvH^ ftmttin rdtfiiili here in winter,
j^lffii^ r^itlUlron (if>en Of war are ftiit
IM^I^'Mgr tp^jlMreteft the fifflieries
ilM'1lMibu|Uit>i the adnffaral of which,
IW^(rt!mfe'being,ta governor of the
|i|iiy,1^deaii^ni> there i< a lien-
lirilp^|Ovcrnor, whorefidet at Placen-
^, lUtjtSt Oreat Britain emploved
lathe Newfeundfamd fifliery* 191 nifh.
%» (hipa, and 5S c(^V^y ifiipt, whofe
toraiage togethd- amdiinted to 41,990.
The fimie yeari they carried to fb-
fi^lpi' iturketa 591*176 quintals of
tfib.
- -Veffela lie in the bays and harbours
ofiMs iiland fai perfea ftcurity, being
liwdl iheitered, except at the entrance,
Ihf Ihe mountains { and ibme of them
^the whole circuit of the id^nd being full
of them) are a league or two leagues In
lenfth, and near half a league in breadth,
thto which feveral rivers and brooks of
^litcellent water come from the adjacent
ntotmtains. Thcfe art alfo contiguous
46 etch odief, being fepamted ufually
iMily by a point of land, feldom exceed-
ii^^two leagues in breadth. But the
to^nt and villages are only on the lar«
|^in4 iftore commodious bays. The
^tod iir^ nfbally found to be moft a'jun<.
iilMit where the bottom Is Tandy, and the
ieift mimerons where it is muddy, and
tlMi' bcil depth is alfo between 30 and
^efiithoms. When a (hip has taken
her ftation, Ihe is immediately unrigged,
and a proper place feleAed for curing
end freuring the fifh, and. hilts erefted
*1(M> the men who work afhorcf a large
^Ibliifbtd is alfo ereftcd at the water*s
ted^* .where the number of fhallops
>«t^nediorthe fifhery is got ready-, mid
alio fecvred after the feafon is oWr, till
tile foitowing fummer. Ships firft en-
i
teHng tnyhay, Imv* thi Jirivilegr of
applying thefe to thtir Wn uft. Th«
iSaibr ^nrriveafMI in th^rfhn in
each of the numerooa harbotirsi i| for
that yctr flyled trrd of th« Harbonr;
who alfo fettlc»dif(MllM among tliefi^^
ermen. We fhall not detail the mode
of 'managiii)^ and caring the fifli, which
iapurfu^ with much perlbvering labour}
we fhall only add, that the Great Bank
of Newfoundland, which may ftviperlf
be deemed a vafl mountain under #ater,
is not lefs than 330 miles in lengthy and
about 75 in breadth. The cfepth of
water upon It varies from 15 to 69 fa>
thorns, and the bottom is covered ^rith
a vafl quantity of Ihells, and frequented
hy vaft fhoal? of fmall fifh, mofl of which
ferve as food to the cod, that are incon-'
ceivably numerous and voraeiouk.' It ia
a faA,.in proof the plenty of cod here;
that though {o many hundred vefTels,
have been annually loaded with them,
for two centuries pafl, yet the prodigi.
ous confumption lias not yet leffened
their plenty. The number of fowls
called penguins, are certain marks for
the bank, and are, never found off it j
thefe are fometimes feen in flocks, but
more ufiially in pairs. The fifhery on
the banks of Newfoundland, may be
juftly efleemed a mine of greater value
than any of thofe in Mexico or Peru.
The French ufed to empk>y hi this fifh-
ery %6^ fhips, tonnage a7,439) and
9,403 men. Total value ^S7o,poo
fterling.
New-Garden, atownfhipinChef*
ter CO. Pennfylvania.
New-Garden, a fettlement of the
Friends in Guildtbrd co. N. Carolina.
New-Geneva, a fettlement in Fay-
ette CO. Pennfylvania.
Nkw-Germamtown, a poll-town
of New-Jerfey, iitnated in Hunterdon co.
It is aS niies- north-weft of Brunlwick,
47 north by eaft of Trenton, and 77
north eaft by north of Philadelpliia.
New-Gloucbstrr, a fmall poft-
town in Giimberland co. J3iftrin. of
Maine, 17 miles northerly of Portland,
and 146 north of Bofton. It was in-
corporated in 1774, and contains 1355
inhabitants.
NBW*GoTTiNt»Bil, BtownefGeor- '
'a, fituated in Burke co. on the weft
nk of Stvannih Hver, about a 8 miles
eaft of Wayaeftioraui^t -and 35 north-
wcflofBbenMer.
Nbw-
NEW
Niw*Or*iiada» « pravineefai tin
foatiwrn divifion of Terra FiniM* 8.
Amtfica, whole chief town U Santa
FedaBagota* SteCibtia.
Niw-OaANTHAMk a townfli)]^ in
Cliefhire cb. New-Hamplhire) wm in>
corporatfd in t7<>ii uxi contains 33)
inhabitants, and is about i smiles Ibuth-
call of Dartmouth college.
NEW.HMIPSHIKE. one of th«
United States of America, is fituatcd
between laj. 4.*. 41. and 45. 1 1< north,
and between 70. 40. and 7s. at. well
lon|. from Gi-eenwich I bounded north
by Lower Canada} eaft by the DiftriQ
of Maine { fbuth by MaflachmettB, and
weft by Connefticut river, which iepa-
rates it from Vermont. Its fliape is
nearly that of a right angled triangle.
The Diftria of Maine and the fen its »g,
the line of MaflTachufetts its peraendicv*
lar, and Connefticut river its hypothe-
nufe. tt contains 9,491 fquare milee,
or 6,o74,x40 acres } of which at leaft
100,000 acres are water. Its loigth is
168 miles } its greateft breadth 90; and
its leaft breadth 19 miles*
Tins State is divided into $ counties,
viz. Kockingham, Stiaftbrd, Chelhire^
liHilboroutrhi and Grafton. The chief
towns af^Portfmouth, Exeter, Concord,
Dover, Amherft, Keen, Charleftown,
Plymouth, and Haverhill. Moft of the
townfiiips are 6 miles fquare, and the
whole number of townlhips and loca-
tions is ai4; containing 141,985 ,per-
font, including I s8 flaves. In 1 767,
the number of inhabitants was eftimated
at 5X,700. This State hat but about 1 8
miles of fea-.coaft, at its fouth-eaft cor^
ner. In this dtftance there are feveral
covet for filhing veflels, but the only
harbour for ihips is the entrance of Pif
cauqua liveri the (ho^es of which are
rocky. The Qiore is mpftly a fandy
beacn, adl^iningto which are fait marih-
es, interfefted by creeks,'which produce
eood paftnre for cattle and fheep. The
intervale landf .on the margin of the
great rivera are the moft valuable, be-
cauft tliey are overflowed and enriched
by the water from the uplands which
brings a fat ilime or kdimimt. On
Counefticut river thefe lands are frpm
a quarter of a mjle to amUeluid anha!f.
on each fide» and produce corn* gnuni
and grafs> cfpecially wheat) in greater
abundance and peife£Uon than the fSime
kind of foil does in the Ufherludi.
If ETW
The w!d»1]Miiltii|M
warm ind fidi f rftky^mcMI
counted good for|NifhN«f ^Hiinedl
have a dMpinitlfewlMI'VaMl^i
between theWUs an |(^aerally'vl
duAivc. Ag*i<oltwelsthe«"
pationof theinhabitams|- bedLMfHy^
mutton, pmiltry, tsilieitt ly^ AdiiiK
com, barley, pa«fc, iMitiflrk cne^r
efculent roots and f»lantfe,> Any '
&c. are articles wmchvii^akMya^
a market, and ara ridfcd in-'
quantities in New^Hamyrfhlitf bothlbv
hufl>andman thinks Ma ftraa comnMi
without an ofchard. Tice fivii el iMf
firft quality,'cannot be ndfU ,i» fiicb ll
northern cUmatr tathis^ without pwti«t
cular attention. New- York Mew-Jcr*
fey and Pennfylvai^ havie it in^perwa^
tion. Aayoo depait fivmthM tnSki
eitbtr fouiwward orinMthward> it^k|o«
nerates. The nneltivatcd lands «ii
covered with cxtcnfive Ibrtfte of ^ine»
lir^ cedar, oak, wabiut, Ire. For eliaMU^
diieafes, ttc. fee N0W Et^Umd^
Several kinds of eartiM and ciinra an*
found in this State, chiefly in Elvetcr,
New.Market, Durham, and Dover*
Marie ahi^nds in l^eral placca, bet ii
little ufed. Red and yellow ochres are
found in Somerfworth, Cheflerfieldy
R indge, and jaffray . Steatites, or iotp
rock, isfbondinOrferd. The baft lapia
fpecularis, a kind of talc, commonly
called ifmg-glafs, L found in Grafton
and other parts. Cryftals have hem
difcovered at Northweod, Rindge, an4
Conway } allum, at Barrington, Orfvwd*
and Jaffray } vitriol, at Jalfray, Bren^
wood, and Rindge, generally found comK*
bined in the fame ftone with fulphur.
Free-ftone fit fw building is found in
Orford } alfo a grey flone fit for mill*
Aoncs. Iron ore is found in many plai-
ces} blark lead in Jaffiray, and fonw
lead and copper ore has been feen } but
'iron is the only ihetal which has been
wrought to any advantage.
New-Hampinire is interftCted by fif^
ral ranges of mountains. The firft ridgfb
by the name of the Blue Hills, paftea thccK
Rochefter, Barrington and Nottii4;fann»
and the feveical fummits are diftingii|fli>
ed by' different names. Behind thirft
are feveral' higher detached monntains.
Farther back the iMuatHiM rife ftill
111 higher.
;■■ '
n
^to
I
ittw
ri KjarflnM am 4lit
mdk U tht l0kf
tht bfuwhei M
MfmnMck riven* dt^
theJySnMr^LMtf. 'Indii*
i» ths cd^lwvicd MowwlBo c fc
tMlty Itoilu north of which
k JMioaMi fpd #• iMkt filirthar ii
IfaeAliUlo*, called tifo Moodwioek
J MW nU ihi^t The ridgi U then conttnti-
#MtdMrJ]^, divUingthe waters of the
tHiir Co n» aa i c m .ftwa thofe of Saco,
dad AanarifcoMin. Here the mouo-
UriM rife a»ch^ higher, and the moft
tlrvMad luamita.in diil range* are the
nOdte MamiaiiMt. The hmda W. of
tMalaft'iBlntioMd nmge of mountains,
Wdiruig on OowteAicut river, are in.
taHjicrlfd #ith cMMive meadowa, rich
aid wdt watend. Offiipy Mountain
Ola adjoining ^ town ot Motikonbo-
vMq^ «» the N» B. la this town it i«
«Utfnd| that in « N E. dorm the w^nd
IWs over the nicuiitain, like vraterover
» dam { and with inch force, as fire-
fftttfUif to tnroof holifes. People who
live vtat theft mountains, by noticing
t|w various movements of attrafted va-
poMva, cab Arm a pr^ijr accurate judg-
mat ti the weather } and they hence
iyle thde jtwrntains their Almanack.
|f a dOud ia attrafted Ir^ a mountain,
ahd hovers on its top, they )>redift rain ;
^ukrft after rain, the mountain conti-
nws capped, they expeft a repetition of
j h o w ers * A ftorm u preceded for fe-
varal hours by a roaring of the mountain,
«^b may be heard lo or is miles.
But dK White Mountains are uiidonbt-
di^jdie higheft hind in New-England,
Ana, In cImt weather, are difcovered
^^cfisre any other land, by veflisls Com-
ing iteo tne eaAcm c<MUt j but by rea>
dbH of theiT while appearance, arefre-
^ently Ri.i^akcn iot clouds. They are
vifiidc on the bud at the diftance c^ So
a^s, on the 6. and S. E. fides \ they
mopear ' higher when viewed from the
!»«£»• and it is <hid» they are feen from
the neighbouriiood of Chamblee and
4^^bcc. The Indians gave them the
wdiM of Agtocnchook. The number
«tf fianmtuln diis cIuAer of mountains
,cMBikot «t prefent be afcertained, the
^iMUMry atenind them^ being a thick wil-
•d^nn^rs. The. greateft' number which
can be ftcn at once, itfat I>artmoutfa«
•neha^N^Wi. fik»-^h«{aftvaD fiim-
, . 8'4 ■ .■■•■■.;.■'
WB'W
aaltt appear at ow viaw*t^ vihldi %aii
arc baU. Of ihefc the three bighei
are the moft didant, bahig on the oft.
em fide of the doder ) ona of tlliA it
the oMuntain which nodwa ib nntMic
an appearance all alnqg the fltove of *>.t
eaOem counties of MaflachulatUi It
has lately heen diftingvitwd hf the
namaofMovNT Washimotoit,
Olirbig the period of por jo oMiiths,
theft mouatame exhibit mors or left of
that bright appeahmce, fromvridch they
ans deneminated white. In the fpring,
when the finow is partly diflblved, they
VjffVK of a pale blue, ftreaked with
whiter uid filer it is whc^ly gone, at
the diflMica of 60 miles, they are aUo^
gether of the fame pole blue, nearly ap.
proacbiog a iky colour} while at die
lame time* viewed at the diftance of 9
miles or Icfs, thev appear of the proper
colour of the rocx. Thefe changes are
ohfiarved by people who live within conl
ftant view of them ) and from thefe
fa^s and obfervations, it may with cer-\
tainty be concluded, that thie whitenefs
of them is wholly caufed by the fnow,
and not by any other whke ibbftance*
iot in fiift there is none.
The reader will find an degant de*
fcription of thefe mountiiins in the jd
vol. of Dr. Belknap's Hiftory of New.
Hampdiire, from which the above is ex<r
traded.
The raoft confiderable rivers <^ this
State are ConneAicut, Merrimack, Pifu
cataqua, Saco, Androfcoggin, Upper
and Lower Amonoofuck, bcfides many
other fmaller dreams. ' The chief lakes
ani Winnipifeogee, Umbagog, Sunapee,
Squam, and Great Oflipee.' Before the
war, Ihip-building was a Iburee of con-
fiderable wealth to this State; about
soo v«fl*els were then annually buftt*^
and fold inEurc^ and iA the Weft-In->
dies, but that trade- is much declined.
Although thie is'iiottoberadked among
the greet coautiercial States, ^et its
trade is confiderable. Its exports con<^
fift of -lumber, ihip-timber, whale-oil,
flax-feed, live ftock, beef^ pork, tndian
com, pot and pcitrl aOies, drc &c. ■ In
1790* there belonged to Piftataqua 33
veftls above lootcHas, and 50 under
that burden. The touni^ of foreign
and Americas veficls cleared odt frwn
the iftofOftobcr,i7S9»toiftofoaoJ
her* 179B, was 31,097 tons, of which
«t|f(o WN were Amttkati vcflfids.
V • The
jthc Vk or Shoali. employ Manually »7
(jjMOqeoM »o boiti*. 7o irMt the
NB W
^
jthc nk of Shoali. employ 4imual^ »7
(jchwMteouKl »o boiti., in i7j^» the
produce vwat>5,t 50 qi^|N|U« of cod and
tiq^ttk^ The cxpeiti from tki; poU^
or't^ifeatuua in ^«fo yeaii) viz. mm
iftoiqaoUr, i7t9itP ift ofoapber,
i7ok( ambunted to' ty value of a90»^!|9
(lollanr 5P iMfftli in the year qidmg
Septetfibn' i^Ut i79*».>'l>407<ioU3ra }
H» l!793> i9t>*97 aoIIar«{ aqi in thit
year 1794, 1 53tS5^ doIUirif The bank
^f New'minpftire was eftabUihed in
179a* with « capital of iofooodollari ;
by an «& of aflrnibly the HoclL-lu>l(lei'»
can increaie it to aoo,ooo doUara }p«<Cie»
and I oQ,ooo dollars in any other cHatCf
Thtt onfy c<^ge in the Staii^e f s at Han-
over* csuleduartmouth College* which
j^s amply endoi»ed with IiMkIs, and 11 in
a flouruhir? fituation. The principal
academie* are thofe of Exeter* I9ew-
lorwich, Atkinibn, and Amherft.' See
Jfrw-SinM* Vmie^Statftp Sfc,
Nsw^AMfiroi)* a poft^owi) of
New-HampO^ire, fitH^t^ In Straffbnl co.
on the W. fide <rf Lake W inniplreogee*
9 railea S. 1 of Plymontb, and 9 N. W.
of Memlith* ^t^e townlhi{> wa» incor-
porated in I77f* fiurtd contaiOf 6^% \n-
hablt&nta.
I^ w-tliy96 VBR, a m^ri^inae esfajjxty
()fV|'Ui)^i)agtondiftri^,N.Car(^ina, ex-
tem^uig ifocn Ca^ Fear river north>eaft
along tne Atlantic Ocean. It contains
(831 inh^bitanU, including 373^ itavet*
0iief to#n. Wili^ngton.
N«w-Hanpv'&r, a townfl^ip 'i|Burr
Hngton co.New-|ei-rey , contaihing about
»O)O00 acres pr improved lancli and a
la^-ge quantity that iii barren and uncul-
tivated. The compa^ part of the town-
(hip ii cidled HewokiBft where are
about 50 houfira* S7 miles fr<Hn Phila?
delphia* and f 3 from Burlingtoji,
NBW-HANOVER,:,townlhipinMor.
gan CO. Pennfylvania,
NBW-HARfPoaq, a Tmall poft-towcf
m Litchfield col ConneQicut| 14 miles
N. E, of Litchfield, »o W. by \N. pf
Hartfor<t
NEW'ttaVBii CpMi/y, ConneRIcqt,
extends along the Sound between Mid-
djefex CO. ou the eaft, and Fairfield co.
on the weft I about 30 miles long from
north to Ibuth* and 18 from eaft to weft.
|t Is divided into 14 townfhips. It
contained in 175!$* 17*955 free per-
fpnsi aiid ax6 flaves ) in ly/i^* 15,896
firM jirfim, »M,*af,,_ .
"» »79o. vh%n}mmm»»
flavas. . , ^ ^,, ,
tica in ttw above, cpunt]E» ,Md iSm.i
n^ropolii of jthe Stau% TMi any ]
round the liead ' of , a bay ym\^ 1
up about frnir m^' V/Pjivi worn. _^ ^
Plain which » cui^^rihiid. oajM
imall rivers boia^ t^jpjty <^ and, |fjf|fe
« vvas^ongnuifli^iaifl-oi^.k b^Himn
60 rods 1^ many of tQf# w^* PHi
beefi divided j^y ciM»<|blB!Ai9 f!^
ftreets nin qpHh-we^ j^jid jtouilk'f^
and are croiletl by others at |>gbt a^glM^
Near the centre of the ci^ is impahm
fquai-e* on and arauf^l wbicjiiare thf
publif biiildinn»!arV» «^ a4iti|ii7^A<liP!(
two college edificea» i|n4 a 4mA» ^m
churches for Cpngregaticnaniiifiiandi!
for jSpifcopaliap^i tUl wbiclh.^KiRf '
fome and coip^nadiO|is ^iidipeif
college edifiiCes* chapfi;!* ftate-ltoiiAtfi
one of the churches arc of Wiflk* TIm
public iauare is encircled wkh imw fn
trees* which render it bojth convent
and de}igbtfu|. ^ts bfsauty, howtvffa
is greatly diminiOied \«f |be |nwial»
gnmnd* ^d ^eral of |he,pufa^ buifllt
ings which occupy a fonuderablf '.jiiit
ofitf Many of the greets am.oiia.
mented with rows of trees en each ,iidf|
which give the city a rui^l appHMnmcfi*
The profpeft irom the fteovl^iigmu
ly vaitegated and extfemely b^iitiml*
There ai% between 3 and 490 Qe«t dwtl*
ling-houfes in the city* printipaUy of
woodf The ftreets arc fandy but c|«ij^
Within the Timits of the city aye 40«»
louls. About one in 70 die annually*
Indeed as to pleaiSimtnefs of fituatiua
and lalubrity of air* Mew-Haven if
hardly exceeded by fify city in America.
It caifies oil a cuniiderable trade with
New- York and the \yeft-tndi4 iilaq|da.
The expoitf for one year, ending Sept*
30, 1794* amounted to the ytX^f 9f
1 7 i*86B dollars. Manut'a£lure$ oFcard-
teeth* linen* buttons, cotton, and papeir
are carried on here. Yale college* which '
is eftahjiflied in this city vas fuunded in
1 700* and remained at KiUingworthiiQ^
til 1707, then at Saybrook uotU 1716*
when it was ivmoyed and fixed ait 1^»r-
Haven. It has its name from itsjprino
cipal benefa^or GovemprYale. There
aite at prefent fix college ^micikt, two
Z4 of
'¥
%iUdi, «^h too ftiet long lad 4«
«Ut* ti% WttWNil by tkt ftudfsnti, cm.
taiiilw S* ehiunbcrji Mch, fuScient fbr
MMtt t«!»'#adittM i a dMiwi 40 bjr 50
iHif» wMiaifqife ttoftttbigllj a din.
akw'lMUteby^eMKt) ahoiifelbrilic
jmdHit, am anodmr fiMr tha proftilbr
j^fdifiaity. In tile d»Dd it lodged tic
MMiif IRnraiyi MifittM of atioat )oee
HlwBM, and tlie j^ilolophieil amnra-
«w« aaoonplete ai arwft oilMn m the
wiwid StacfSt and contains the mu
«lli«M nccdiurjr toi «Att»Mn| «r|ieri.
i*^ far the «dii>k courft or cxperi-
IMntal pMloAipliT and «ftronomy. The
iMftttm, to whwh additiout ars con.
jtloitly mddng) coQtaint many natural
W t wtoia * From the yeir 1700 to
«793» Am had httm educated and
fadaatad at thitmirrerfity about 1303.
ha nmnbcr of Avdcntt it generally
<'W. The-harbOtti*, thoagh inferior to
rnvt-Londen, has good anchorage, with
I iSithom wnA 4 (mv water at common
fidesi and s| fathom at low water. This
fliee and Hartford are the feats of tite
legiflatnrr alternately. It is 40 miles
TOQtk>weft byibnth of Hartford, 54. from
l#«#>Ixindon, tS from New- York, t $t
ffMn Bofbn» and if) north-eaflofphi.
bddflifai. N. ht. 41. iS. W. longi
Ni W«H A VVN, a townfliip in Addifon
€«. Vermont, on Otter Creek or River,
containiiw 7*) inhabitaiMs*
■ Nbw-Hebkidbs, acltirterofiflands
in the Pacific Ocean, lb called by Capt.
Cook hi 17941— thi fame at the Arcbtpe-
kun 9/ tkt Oreat Cycladts of Bougain-
«we, or the Ttira'^Anfiral of Qjjuros ;
iwUch Ac. '
Nbw Hamb STEAD, a townfliip in
Orange co. New- York, bounded eafter-
Vt by Clarkftown, and foutherly by the
ntate of New.Jerfey. It was taken
from Haverflbraw, ud incorporated in
1791." By the Static cenfus of 1796,
th^ were 245 of its inhabitants quali-
fied ekabrs.' ^
Nifw-HoLDBRilBss, a townihip in
Grafton co. New-H^nipfhire, (itiiated
on the E. fide of ^emigewafTet river,
about 3 miles E. by S. of Plymouth.
It was incorporated in 1761, and ccn-
taint 3*9 ihhabitantt. " ' " ^
NBw-HoLLAND, a tow|i of Pennfyl-
vania, Laucafbr co. in the midif ot a
fertile country. It toiitaint a German
^hmxh and about 70 hoofcs. It ii t%
KBW
fiilktir.M.S. of tiiiiea(fer,iiid 54. Wt
% W. of !PbiUdelphia.
K[M#-IlviiTiMOTOif,a mountainoni
Mti^lhip in Chittenden co. Vermont,
Ml the 8. W. itde of- Onion river,' CMi-
ttlnbg isAlnhabitlttts. ' '^
NBWiCHWAwAillcic. See Fijlcttm:
flMt
NBWiNOTOM, a townfblji { formerly
nart of Portfinoiith and Dover, hi Roeh-
insham co. New*flampiliiiv, 5 miles
diftant f^om the fbrmor. It contains
54» inhabiuntt.
Nbw Iiiy8RNB9S,inGeorgia,it,fitn.
tted near Daricn on Alatamahsi Hver.
It wat built by the Scotch Highlanders,
i<o of ^hom landed here in 1735.
NBWlBswicn, a townfi^ip ih H'^f-
borough CO. New.Hampfhire, a^ t|ie
yt. me of Souhegan river, upon the
fouthem line of the State. It wm in-
corporate' In i7<s, and contains 1x41
inhabitants. There Is an academy,
founded in 1789, having a fund Of tbout
toool. and hat generally about 40 of
50 fludentt. It it about 14 miles S.E^
of Keene, and 75 W. S. W. of Portf.
mouth.
NEW 1ERSEY, one of theVnited
Statea of Americsi| it fituated between
39 and 41. «4. N. latitude^ and betweeh
74r 44. and 75^ 33. W. longitude flroni
Londipn } bov.ddl )P., by kudfon*! river
and the Or, an : W. by Delaware Bay
and riv.<, which divide it fi-om thf
States of Delaware and pennfylyania {
N. by the line drawn from th^ ^pnouth
of Mahakkamak river, in lat. 41. H- to
a point on Hudfon's river, in lat. 41.'
It it about 160 milet long and jibroad,
containing about 8,3x0 fbuare miles,
equal to 5,3x4,800 acres. It it divided
into s 3 counties, viz. Cane May, Cum-
berland, Salem, Glouceinh', Burlington,
Hunterdon, and Suflisx ; theffc 7 He ironn
S'. to N. on Delaware river; Cape May
and Gloucefter extend acrofa to the lira {
Bergcifi| Eflex, Middiefex, ami Mon-
mouth, lie from N. to S. on the e'atteni
ficleof the Stsite; Somerfet and Morria
are ipland cpunties. The number of
inhabitants it |84,i39,of whom 1 1,493
are flayes. The molt remarkably bay is
Arthur I^ul), or Nevirark B)iy, formed
by the union of PaAaick and Hackinfhc
nvert'. 'The rivert in thit State, thoueh
not large, are numerout. A traveller
in pafling the common road from New-
Y<»k to Philadelphia, croiTei 3 "^onfi-
derahl^
I
hw.
IJttUt.
tetM#«lm«» vif. thcRMklnflMi'lltl
Pafbtefc, bc( mm Bergen aikt Me««rk»
•nd thelUrlton iMr llnmlMck, fkAMek
is a vwy crooked rlTcr. ttianavigaMe
ihoitt |o milcea and U aso yakda wUk
attbeieny. The cataraQ, or Orett
FMte* in thie ilveri ie one of the pwueli
nattinl euriofittei in the State. The
ri!rer i« about 4«fards wide, and moves
Snaflovr, gentle current, until coming
within a flioit diftance of a deep ckft in
a rock« Whicn croAee the channel, it
defcends and bXi» above 70 feet perpCn-
dicularlv, in one attire ikeet. One end
of the cleft, which was evidently made
bv Tome violent convuMion in nature, !s
clofcd { at the other, the water rafliet
nut with incredible IWiftneft, forming an
licute angle with its former direAion,
■nd is received into ^ lar{^ balbn,
whence it talces a winding ccurfc
througlf the roclcs, and fpreacU into a
broad finooth ftream. The cleft It
from > to I* feet bread. The falling
of the water occafions a cloud of vapour
py arife, which, by floating amidtt the
fnn-beam», prefents rainbows to the
view, which adds beauty to tlie tremen*
idous fcene. The new, manufafturing
town of Patteribn is ereAed upon t^
Great Falls In this river. Rariton river
Ss fttrmed by two confiderable ftreams,
called' the north and fouth branches ;
one of \i(hich has its fource in Morris,
the other in Hunterdon county, ft
pafles by Bi^nfwick and Amboy, and,
mingling with the^watcrr of the Arthur
XulT Sound, htlpt to form the fine har-
l>3iir of Ambpy. Brid«« have lately
been erefiked over thePaflkicki^ Hackinfac
.and Rari(on rivers, <m the poft-road
between New>Yoi-k and Philadelphia.
Thefe bridge^ will greatly facilitate the
intercoUrfe between thefe two great
jcitieii. Thf: counties of Su/)ex, Moiris,
and the northern part of Bergen, are
mountainous. Af niuch af iive-cighths
of moft of the Ibi^thern counties, or one-
fourth of the whole State, is aJTioft en-
tirely a fandy barren, unfit in many
parts for cultivation. All the varieties
of foil, from the worft to the beft kind,
fnay be found here. The good land in
the fouthern counties lies principallyon
the banks of livers and creeks. The
parrens produce little elfe but dihib-
^aks and yellow pities. Thefe Tandy
la^s yield at) immenfe quatttity of bog
iron ore* which is worked up to griat
tdvamtftin ^
eonntiea* Ini|f1
P^utv which «tt jet ti^i
'in )mi#a%:M
vatldn, (hi'ftiltp
ind oovtshlli, ill it* M
ana wnen cuu|vaiMi> 1
rye,Indiuicor<W^^
ley. flte, and fniUaof «1| |
to th^ clinwfe. 'Hw .|m^ iiii
country is fond fot'|ilH%» «i| i
er«i feed gftat mmipar* of, cattle
New.Yo^ and Pl|t1adelphlt
The occharde in flnnv ptita ol
equal any in the Unitei! tftptta, w^l
their cyder it ftid, and not lii'ItlimMirt^
fon, to be the beft te the wwld., tib
markett of New-York aifd PhibdelpMll
receive i very conriderahle ptwoorttojl
of their fuppiies from the coiangnnqt
parts of New JcrC;y. Thcflt |iippl|f»
confift of vq^tables of many khidt;^ Wfm
ples,p«u-s, peaches, pljimsi ;ftirni«l^
ries, cherries and other frutttif^yderlA
latve quantitiea, butter, cheeie, bed^'
¥>nc, mutton, nnd the leffiiif mcattp
he trade it carried on almoft fol^
with and from thofe two great commcK-
cial citicf , New-York on one fide, umI
Philadelphia on the other; thouj^h ^
wants not good ports Of its cvm;' '
faftures here have hitherto httn
denible, not fufliclent to fupply its own
confumption, if we except tbe wticjel
of iron, nails, and leather. A fpint Of
induftry and improvement, parti(hi|ufjr
in manufaAures, has, however, of liit<^
greatly incrcafed. TliC iron manufao-
tiire is, of all others, the greateft fourcn
of wealth to the State. Iron-wprks tie
ereAed in Gioucefler, BurlingtOBf Su&
fcx, Morris, and other counties. The
mountains in the county of Morris givje
rife to a number' of ftreams, neceffary
and convenient for thefe works, and at
the fame time fdmifit a copbut fupply
of wood and ore of a fuperior quality.
In ihi<t country alone are no left than 7
rich iron mines, from which might be
taken ore fuflicient to fupply the United
States ; and to work it into iron, there
are 1 furnaces, a rolling and flitting
mills, and about 30 forges, containing
from a to 4 fices each. Thefe workk
produce annually, about 540 tons of bar
iron, 800 tons of pigs, befidcs large quan*
titles of hollow ware, flieet iron, and
nail-rods. In the whole State it is fup-
pofed there is yearly made about laob
tons
I
i;iltHr cailn|«» of
^^
:, 4Hid n^utual con-
Mie mMrilfjr itidwad thde
^ jVmpk to fetHe tog«lhci
' ji ijSh wi^ their pecalinr
,.,ct|ftom« i|id Chirac'
imjcmdi rfpcrMUy ■ino^
cl«A of Mpplff, who h»ifc
Intapcovrfe irith «iy \mt th^re o|
«f tht Thtiticn $fm,
WlwnCtiii.
At so Prcibyttnan congregationi,
■"; tdthe care of^j Prefltyteiiet }
I opwrardt of 4^0 eongrentioni ot
' jo of Baptifts, s 5 of Epiftopa-
I of Dutch '.dbrmed, beiidci
|l«tHQ4pt» i|nd a fctilenicnt of Mora
iriiUM. AH theft litigious denomina-
l^a liw togef her in peace and harmo.
jpnri ud are alloiM* by ^le conftUu-
mi^iof th« StatCt to worlhip Almighty
)Poa agn«ib)y to thi diAatea of titeir
fnm cfgiTcienccs, The college at Prince-
ton, ciukd Nai&u Hall, has been un-
der the caiie of a lUcceflion of Prcfi-
Acnta, eaainrnt for piety and learning ;
spd h}(s fornifhcd a number of Civilians,
pivvi^, and Phyficians of the firft rank
!■ 'AMfxnc9. It has confidemble funds,
la Wider excellent regulations, and has
ge^eraJly from lo to too ftudentt,
pnocipally from the ibufhern States.
7%ei« Vft academies at Freehold, Tren-
tqufi liackinfac, Orangedale, Eliza-
Jbirth<TiMMi, BorKngton, and Newark ;
jwd frammar.fchooU at Suringfielri,
>ioriXftoi««n, Boidentowii, and Amboy.
*rbere are a numiber of towns in this
iState, nearly of e^sl fize and impor-
tance, and none that has more than 300
hoiiiias compa£lly built. Trenton is
one of ihe brg«ft, and the capital of
«he State. -The other principal towns
mre Brtinfwick, Burlington^ Amboy,
, BfOrdentown, Princetown,. Elizabeth-
Town, Newark, and Murriftown. This
&ate was the feat of wir fur feveral
jearsr dui'ing the h!c:«idv contcft be-
t'.v<en Grtat Britain and Ameiica. Her
lofles Koth of men and property, in pro-
portion Ho the population and wealth of
tke State, was greater than of any other
cnt to ^tf orders raiid, for a confide'
ribli;' length of time, coninoied th>
n cngth of nia atihy. There ia haklly
a tfwn^in the State th«t lay {n the pro-
grefs of the BritiO) arn^y, ^hat was not
rctklered fignal,. by (^|tt imtcrprile or
exploit.
NbwJbriey CtmfMif^j drant ff
Laxtft, lies id the £. lide 0' MifrifipM
fiver ( i'outb of Illinois, and north-welt
of*the Army lands, which f6i:nD the fra^
fltapeU by tne confluence of Ohio with
MiiTifippi.
Nf w-KsNT, a county of Virginia,
botmded on the 8. fide of'^Pamunky and
York rivers. It is about %% miles long^
and IS broad, and contains 6x39 i"*^'
bitants, includii\g 3700 (Isves, New.
Kent court houfe ts 30 miles IVoni kich-
moml, and as far from lVil)ia|nfl>arg.
New-Iebanon, apod-townin Dti.
chel't CO. New- York, celebrated for it|
medicinal I'prings. The cpoipa^l part
of this town is plea/a^Jy fit^ated paitlf
in an ex'cnfive valley, and partly o^
the declivity of the nirrouiiding bilU.
The fpring is on the Iputh Me, and
near the b^tom of a jjentle hill, but a
few rods weft of the Maflachufetts* weft
line I and is furronnded with fevera)
good houfes, which afford convenient
accommodations for the videtudinariana
who vifit thefe waters. Concerning
the medicinal virtues of this fprii^, Pr.
Waterhoufe, Profeflbr of the theory
and pra6lice of phyfic, at Harvard Unir
verfity, and who vifited it in the Aim-
mcrof t794,oblerves, **I confefsmyfelf
at a lois to determine the contents of
thefe waters by chymical analyfis, or
any of theoixlinary tefts. I fulpeft their
impregnation is from fome caufe weak*
ened. Excepting from their warmth,
which is about that of new milk, I ne-
ver Ihould have fufpeAed tlicm :o come
under the head or medicinal waui:.
They are ufed for the various purpofes
of cookery, and for common drink by
the neighoours, and I never coukl dil-
cover any other e^e£ls from drinking
them, than what we might expeA from
rain or river w:;ter of that temperature.
There was no vifibk change produced
in this water by the addition of an alka-
li, ^pr by a £»lutIon of allum i nor was
■ " ' any
fimf
obcdi.
rant qf
MGpA
witli
pigr i ft n rt Cwim niiM by the eU «r
fkrioli MiUwr did it itbMift tin co.
Joan of foUi filwr, or copper t nor
<liditn«cfi b«ror mutton boiMui
it( nor did it ntimft » bUck tinaure
from nliti nether did it curdle milk,
<he whitcc of cgge, or Ibap. The .qna>
|ity of the waere of the pool at Lebanon
U» thenfore, Tcnr diflfcrent firom tboft of
Saratoga. Thefe are warm and wvm*
ifli, thofe very cold, fmart, and exhiler-
ntim. Frogt are found in the pool of
^Lebanon, awl jplantt grow and floiirifi)
In and around it} but plants will not
grow within the vapour of thofe of Sa-
ratoga, and at for ^tiall animalt, they
ibon expire in it. Hence we conclude
that that Afritei mmtra&t which ibme
call aerial acid, or iiited air, abounds
tn the one but not in the other. Yet
the Lebanon pool it fam^iu for having
wrought many curee, efpecially in rheu-
nMtimia, ftiff joints, fcabbjr eruptiont,
and even in vileeral obftruAions and hi-
digeftions ) all of which is very proba-
ble. If a perTon who has brought on a
Itraui of chronic complaints, by intem-
fierance in eating and drinking, Oiould
fwallow four or five quarts of rain or
'river water in a day, he would not feel
ib keen an a^{>etite for animal food, or
thurft for fpirituous liquors. Hence
fuch a Coorfe of water drinking will
open obftruAions, rinle out impurities,
render perfpuvtion free, and thus re-
move that unnatural load from the ani-
mal machine, which caufes and keeps
up its dilbrders. Pofllbly, however,
there may he/tnuthing Co fubtle in theie
waters as to elude the fcmtiniiiing hand
of the chymifts, fince they all allow that
the analyfis of mineral waters is one a-
ntong the moft difficult things in the
ehymical art." A fociety of Shakers
inhabit the fouth part of the town in
View of the main ftage-road, which pafl-
es through this town. Their manufac-
tures of various kinds are confiderable,
«ad very neat and excellent. It is about
I a miles E. by S. of Albany, loj
north of New- York, and 6 W. of
Pitttfield.^!
' Nbwlin, atownlhip in Cbefter co.
^cnnfylvania. . ',; ,
' New-LokdO'I)^ a maritime county of
(}onne^icut, commebenduig the S. £.
Corner of it* boraeriiyg £. on Rhode*
liland, and S. on Longlfland Sound,
tbout ^0 auicf from £<to W^ and a^
«rm MClk to MMjh. It WM Mii
ibqn aacr tkt iff ftft^mum
focRMd on ConnaA(«rt «hf«)
divhiod into ii to«M«|M> of
New.Londonandflorw^iiartdM ,
It contained in 175^ aa,t44 inbilil>
tants, of whom tay ytf Itevtai ii
>790f 13>*oo,ofwhom iMwcnIliNWii,
fli w-LONOOii, a di) . yn of m
and poft-towR in th« abovt cpnMjr,
one of the moft cdnfid«rablt ccm
towns in the State. It ftandaon
fide of the river Tbaron, about |
from its entrance intp the Sound, Md ||
defended by Fort Trumbull jfd 1^11
Grifwold, the one on the N«W'Load«%
the other on the -Gretoi) |d« of thi *
Thames. A confiderdbfo jut of <fc|
town was burnt by Bcnedift Arnold It
i7«i. It has fince been refanUt. Hili
are two places of publif worlhip, oiM Uf
Epifcopaliant, and one fipr CongiaM*
tionaliits, about ]oo dwelling- nonSL
and 4,6qo inhabitants. The harbour^
htfK, fafe and commodiMii, 'jni Ihm |
fathoms water; high water at fiill ana
change, 54 minutes after S. On the W.
fide of the entrance is a light-hovfii, aft
a point of land which projects confider*
ably into the Sound. The eniorts far
a year ending September jotn, 1794*
amounted to 557,453 dollars. In that
year i,ouo mules were ihipued for die
Weft-Indies. It is 14 miles (outik^i
Norwich, 54 S. E. by S. of H»tffm<k
54 E. of New- Haven, and 137 N. B. hr
E. of Philadelphia. ,N.lat.4i.i5.'W.
long. 7a. 15. The townfliip of Neww
London was laid out in lots in 164^,
but had a few EngliOi inhabitants two
years before. It was called by the In«
dians Namtag or Towofwogt and from.
being the feat of the Pequot tribe, waia
called Ptquot. It was the feat of St^^
cust the grand monarch of Long- Tfland^
and part of Conne6licut and Narragan*
let.
New-London, a fmall townfliip in
Hilllborough co. New-Hampihire, in-
corporated in 1779, and contains 311
inhabitants. It lies at tlie head of
Blackwater rivir, and about 3 milea
from the N. £. fide of Sunapeo Lake.
NfiW-LoNDON, a poft town of VW-
ginia, and the chief town of BrJford co.
It ftands upon rifing groiind, and con-
tains about 130 houles, a court4)oufe
and gaol. There were here in the late
war fcvenil workfliqps for repairing
file-
#.
IflW
granww.^ It It «ti Mdln W^ by V df
KtCMMMi lis wfw <w FMcnNfVi md
Itrt* W. by W. <« PhilMMphli.
lni».M4iilm, h tht nortfiwii nm
«f LonHhiMa ii iftitlciMM on ths w.
of ifM llURfippli commenced
Itfo, and cond«A«l by
I w New. Jerfty, unc'zr tM
'of Ut« 8|NUiifli king. Tbe
; d« wbidi tbe ftfy WM propo(ed to
IMH i* ihMNd bl fart. j^. je. N. end
J lllitteo beliw Ibe mouth of Ohio ri-
nm^-Tkt timlto of the new city of
liMHd W«« to Mtend 4 mikt 8. md
W^» fi<(|m the rtver t lb u to croft •
N nu t lfu l, living dcepiake, of the purtft
fVHjMt «)«ftr, 100 yard* wide* and ft.
^WMTitoifee hi Itngtb, emptying itftif,
'by a coiAant and rapid nairow ftream,
tbrougb lb* centre of the city. The
^ankt of thii Iake» called 8t. Annii, are
•bigh, bdnitiful and pleaftnt j the water
4ccp, dear and fMMt) and well ftored
HviOi fi<h { th* hotto^n a clear fand, frer
Aom wood«i flinibli or other vecetablee.
On each fide of thii dvlighthil lake,
*ilittt» were to be laid out, 100 feet
>vidtt and a fMd to be contmued round
it, or the ftme brcac^th} and the ftrettt
wcrt direAcd to be prcfrnred forever,
ISC' the health and ptenTure of the citi.
'■ens. A (hreet iso feet wide, on the
bttik of the MUnrip|ti, «ra« laid out ;
«nd the tree* were dircA^ to he pre*
denied for the fame purpofe. Twelve
■jjtret, in a central part of the city were
■Htitt prefenled in like manner, to be
ornamented, regtilated, ami improved
by the magiftracv of the city for public,
walk* i and 40 half>acre lots for other
pnblie ufet 1 and one lot of is acres for
•the king*s ufe. We do not hear that
this fchemeis profecuting, and conclude
,it is given up. The country in the vi
'ctnity of this intended city is repre&nt
td as excellent, and, in many parts, be
yond delcriprion. The natural growth
confifts 'of mulberry, lociift, faflStfiras,
r/alnur, hickory, oak, afli, dog wood.
Set. with one or m(>re grape vines run
ning up almoft every tree ji and the
grapes yield, from experiments, good
reti wine in plenty, and with little la-
bour. In lomt of the lew-grounds
crow large cyprefa trees. The climate
M ft id to he favourable to health, and to
the culture of fruits of various kinds,
particularly for garden vMCtables. The
prairka ormcadowa are fertile in grai's.
lBMMnM|kpunta, lHrMeMfnM,'iMl wMil
cultivated produce food crops of wheat,
hairier, Indian com, Jjnt, Betnp, and to-
bacco, and afa eafily tilled, iron' and
lead mines awl ftttl^nge, k is af«rt~
ed, are found in Aich plenty as to aflbrd
an abundant Aipplyof ibefenceeflhiY nr-
ticlrs . The banks of tbe Miffifippl, hf
many leagues in extant, comfiMncing
about 10 milea above the month of the
Ohio, are 1 continued chab of lime-
ftone. A fine traA of high, rich, le/el
land, 8. W., W. and N. W. of New.
Madrid, abcut a5 miles wide, extcnda
quite to the river St. Francis.
NiWMANsTOWN, Penuiyivania, (}.
tuatrd in Dauphin co. on the call fide of
Mill Creek. It contains about 30 boulca,
and is 14 miles E. by N. of Harrilburg,
and 7% N. W. by W. of Philadelphia,
Newmarket, a township in Rock,
ingham co. Ncw-Hampdiire, north of
Exeter, of which it waa formerly a part,
and 17 miles weft of Portfrnouth. It
was incorporated in 1 7a7> and containa
II 37 inhabitants. Foflilihelli have been
found near Lamprey river hi this town,
at the depth of 17 tieet { and in fuch •
fituation as that the bed of the river
could never have been there. The
fhella were of oytters, mufclea, and
clams intermixed.
Nbwmarket, a village in Frederick
CO. Maryland, on the high road to Pre.
derickftown, from which it lies nearly
1 3 miles W. 8. W. and about 36 niilca
north-weft of the Federal City.
Newmarket, a village inDorchef.
ter CO. Maryland, 3 miles north-eaft of
Indian-Town, on Choptank river, nine
north-eaft of Cambridge^ ^ af f|r
north-weft of Vienna. '
Newmarket, 9 town in Virj^ntii,
Amherft co. on the north fide of James
river, at the mouth of Tye river. It U
a fmall place, contains a tobacco ware,
hoiife } IS 100 miles above Richmond,
and - 78 from Philadelphia*
NewMarlborovoh, a towtMhin
in Ulfter co. New'Yorki See Man-
kertKgb.
N h w- Mar lboro vcn, Berklhire co.
Maflachufctts. It is 13 miles louthward
ofLenox.and i44S.W.byW. of Boftcin.
New Marlboro voB, a town in
KtngOeo^'s co. Virginia, on the weft
fulc of Patownuc- river, 10 iniles caft of
Falmcuth.
Nsw-Meapows iti««r, b the Pif-
trift
\
vy
N B W
V»
frM of M»lMt ■ watir of Cafco Bay.
Mvipbk for YtfTcU of • con6dcrabl«
kardtM • AmH dUtaact. SfCaJi^-Msf.
Nlw.MixiGO. BttMixie0,
Ntw-MiLroKU| a poft-tow«of Con>
MAknt, Litchfield eo. oil Um caAtni
fide of Houfatonick river, about i4
mite* norrh of Danhury, to fouth*wcft
of Litchfield, and 5a W. by tt. W. of
Hartford.
NiWNHAM CMfit. ^NtwtHkam.
Niw.NoaTH-WALis. 8«cir«//i,
and Nfw-Brkmh.
Nrw-Oriiani, the mctropolle of
Lo'^ifian^, was regularly laid out by the
French in the year 17*0, on the eaM
fide of the river MUnrippi, in lat. 30. a.
north, and long. 19. 53. wctk 1 iX milei
from Detour dct Angioit, or Eiiglifli
Turn, and 105 mil? 1 trom the Baliae nt
tha mouth of the rtver. All the ftreeta
are pcrfeAly ftraisht but too narrow,
and crofs each other at right anglee.
There vrti«, in 17IB, i^too houfea in
thia town* generally built with timber
framea, railed about I fiect from the
ground with large galleriea round them,
and the cellara under the floora Uvel
with the ground} any fahten-anepus
buildinga would lie conllantly full of
water. Moft of the houfea have gar-
dens. Tn March, 17SI, thia town, by
a fire, waa reduced in five houra to soe
houfea. It haa fince been rebuilt. The
fide next the river ia open, and ia fecur-
ed from the inundationa of tlie river, by
a raifed bank, generally called the levee,
which extenda from the Englilh Turn,
to the tipper fettlements of the (Jer-
mana, a aiftance of more than 50 mi'es,
with a good road all the way. There
ia rearon to believe that in a fliort time
New-Orleana may become a great and
opuleift city, if we confider the advan-
tagea of its fituation, but a few leaguea
from the fea, on a noble river, in a moft
fertile country, under a moft delightful
and whoiefume climate, within a weeks
liiil of Mexico, and ftill nearer the
French, Spaniili, and Britiih Weft-India
iflands, with a moral certainty of its
btconiing a general receptacle for the
produce of titat extenfive and valuable
ooMitry on the Miflirippi, Ohio, and its
iDtfaer branches ; all which are much
more than fufficient to eoi'ure the future
wealth, power, and profperity of this
city. I'h^ veflela which fail up the
Mtflifippi haul clofe along fide the bank
*\
^
«
NBW )if
MBK .10 nWR^VrNHWi M WniB (■■l,
imdu fsAt Md tdta toar4tfikM9i IM
wharf. T >^
Ntw.FALTtt • tMMfhtii hi UMir
eo. Ne«v»York> hnnnAiit atfbrly ly
Hiidroa ritrti, fbntlHriy W M«rU£
roMgh and SbawaMWlk. It coMtjM
atio9 iahabitamt, iii f .hdfai g t ga fb m m.
The eompoft part •! U h fittipMl «i|
tka aaftem fid* ol Wall-KUU^ariiTiaiu
uina about ase hooiiM aad • thtm
church. 1< i$ 10 mika ffom SImmmmi*
gunkt 14 fiMfthariy of Kingiloa* tm
KNith.wefk of Rhinabtck, mi So vimk*
north- weft of New. York .
NiWFtMiT, a townliip«f Navikteo*
tia, in Hanta co. on tba rhmr Avm>
The rond from Halifiuc fUM pwt •( tif
way between tlii^ townfkip wd V^ni*
fori and haa fitttlemcma m it at car*
Uin diftnncea*
NswroRT, t "twnfhSjf* inChifhirt
«o. N«w>HampAik. ., aaft of Clarmionta
It waa incorporated in 17611 and con*
tain 7I0 inuabitanta.
Newport, a maritiim county of tiM
State of Rhode>Ifland| cofBprflitndiNg
Rhodc-IAand, Cannonicut, A^kt ?!»•
<lence, and fcvcivl other fhiali idanda.
It is divided into feven townfhipa, «n^
containa 14,300 inbabitantf* iocludi^f
366 flavea.
NiwpORT, th« chief town of thia
county, and the femi-mctropolia of tho
State of Rhodclflandi ftanda on tha
foMth-wcft end of Rhodclfland, ahott
S milea from the fea. Ita harbowf^
^which ia one of the fineft in the world)
ipreada weftward before the towiu.
rh^ entrance it cafy and fiife, and «
large fleet may anchor in it and rkk iA i^,
pertieft fccurity. It is' pivbable thia
may, in fome future, period, beeomit
one of the man-of>war pprtt of the A-
merioan empire. The town liet north
and Ibuth upon a gradual afcent aa y<w
proceed eaftward from the water, ani
exhibits a beautiful view from the bar*
Iwur, and from the neighbouring htlk
which lie weftwani upon the main.
Weft of the town is Goat-Ifland, oil
which ia Fort Wafhington. It haa beep ,
lately repaii-ed and a citadel prcAed in
it. The fort has been ceded (o tht
united States. Between Goajt-Iflan^
and Rhode-lftand is the harbour. Newi*
port containa about 1,000 houfes, buik
chiefly of wood. It baa |0 hov^ea f^r
public
a/T
m
SBitr
•.■^'
#
I :r
''%,■
gAUe wcuriiiM 4 ftr Baptifts, t te
l b m^«n MWMaito,i one for Epifcopa-
ltt»« fMM Mm QsHtkcn, one for Mort'
viaiM, and one lor Jewt. The other
fdUk iMild'mare a ftare-lioult^ gnd
«i edifice for M public library. The
ficwiiont foriwaml arohtte^re of the
ftaie-hoaft, give h a pleafing ai^peir"
•Me. It ftaikfo fofficiently ckvated^
MdHrlong wharf and paved parade lead
»«o it firon the harbour. Front or
Wcr Areet ia a mile ifi length. Here
irirflouriitii^ academy, under the di-
ineftion of' a rciftor and tutors, who
^ uitk difc'jeanied'laagttage*, Englilh
^;^ graitimar, geography, &c. A marine
tebidjr'waseftabliflwdhere in 157a, for
tttt relief «f difHfied widows and or-
fhuMf'andioch of their Ibciety as may
Mbl relief. Thiacity, far famed for
S-baauiy of its fituation and the &\u-
ty of its climate, is no iefs remarkable
for the great variety and excellent qua-
Vtcf of frefh fi(h which the market fiir-
niiies at all lie»ror>« of the year. No
leTs than fixty different kiiids have been
Wttduced in this marker. The excel-
wnt accomodations . and regulations of
tiie numerous packets, whidi belong to
thia port, ami ^hich ply.th«nce to Pro.
%idenee and Ne^-Vork, are worthy of
IMtice* They 4i* faid, by European
travellers, to be filperior to any thing
«f the< khid in Ettrope. This town,
•lehovgh greatly injured by the late
war, and- its coufequences, has a cond'
icrahle trade. A cotton and duck
•MaataAory have been lately dhbliOi-
l|d. The ex^ ort« tor a year, ending
^ut. 30, 170A. amounted to 3ii,xoo
dollars. It wa> . ;ft fettled by Mr.
'William Coddin^on, afterwards go-
iremor, and the father of Riiode-Ifland,
'<Hth 17 othersf in 16^9. It is 30
mnles 8. by E. of Providence, 14 foiith-
m»A\ of Srifto), 75 ii^ W. by S. of Bof-
ct'i, 113 £. N. E» of Ne* Haven, and
«f i\ N. B. by E. of Philadelphia. N.
'iMi bt. 4.1. t9. W. long. fixNn Greenwich
71.17.
Newport, a fmall poft town in
4iewcaftle co. Delaware \ litiiated on the
•north fide of Cliriftiana Creek, three
•miles W. of Wifmington. It contains
nbout soo inhabitants, ami caiTJes on a
^coniiderable trade with Philadelphia, in
■flour. It is 6 miles N. £. by N. of
^hriftiana Bridge, and 31 S. W. of
^ihddfhiA.
i!r E tO^
KkwroATt a towaihtp ih Luzunr
00. Pennfylnwii.
Nbwpo»t» a finatl poA'.towtt in
Charles, eo. Maryland, ri miles S«£.
of Fort Tobacco, 94. 8. by W. of Bal-
timoK, and 195 Ibuth-weft of Fhila*
ddplua.
Newport. See^ rfJFigttCmm^
tyt Virginia.
Newport, a very thriving lettle-
ment in Liberty co. Geoigia, fituated
on a uavigable creek; 34 miles footh of
Savannah, and 7 or I fouth of weft
from Sunbury. This place, commonly
known by the name of Nrvaport Bridgt,
is the rival of Sunbury, and comoMUKia
the principal part of the traiie of the
whole county* A poft-office is kept
here.
NEW'RivBRy a river of Tenneflecy
«»hich ri&s on the north fide of tbe Al-
leghany mountaiasy and running a
north eaft coarft cntera ¥irginia» and ie
called Kanhaway ) which k<.
New-RochblItI, a towndiip i»
Weft-Chefter co. New-York, on Loag- \
Ifland Sound. It contained 69a inl»- ^
bitants, of whom S9 were fUives, in
1790. 1.1 1 796, there were 100 of the
inhabitants av'\lified eleAers. It is 6
miles S. W. of Kye, and ao north-caft>
erly of New- York city.
New-Salem, tx Pe^itinkt a Mo-
ravian /ettlement, formed in 1786, on
theE. fide of Huron river, which rune
northward into Lake Erie.
New-Salem, a townfhip in Hamp.
^(hire co. Mtkflachufetts, boimdcd E. by
the vireft line of Worcefter co. It waa
incorporated in 1753, and containa
1543 inhabitants. It is S5 miks W.
by N. of Bofton.
New-Salem, a townibip in Rocie-
in^ham county, New*Hamp(hii!b, ad-
joining Pelham and Haverhill.
New-Savannah, a village in Burke
CO. Georgia, on the S. W. bank of the
Savannah, la miles S. E. of A\tgulla.
New-Shoreham. SeeJ/dfil-y^iik/.
New-Smyrna Entranctt ouMoJkiU
Met, on the coaft of Florida, ia about
II leagues north-north-weft, \ weft
from Cape Canaverel.
New-Sovth- Wales. See Wmles
and Nnu Britmn.
New-Spain. See Mixico,
New-Stockbridoe. See Stock-
bridge Netv.
NEWSWftpELAND, wat ^ OMM-
of
NffW
lK ^ iMtPiy bMwMcn Vtrpn!* tMdf
New-York^ when in jMAifiion of the
Swcdn, aud vn» st«erwmvdt pofltflcd,
«r rather claimed by the Dutch. The
«bief town wif called GMWftMjr.
New-Thambs Bivtr. Sec ^«mm.
NswTON) a pieaTant tewnfliip in
Mktdlefcx coi Mtftclutfca*. fitnated
oil Charlet river» and a 9 inmt weft of
Bofton. It wa« incorporated in 1691,
and containc 1.360 inhabitul^■
NewtoNi a fmall town in Chefter
CO, PBRnfyliraBia, as mtks ibuth of Phi>
ladelphia.
NswTOMy a townAiip in Kocking-
ham CO.. New-ffompfhirei on Powow
river, adjoining Aimiburyt in MaiiU-
chufetts, 10 or IS miles foutherly of
Exetvr, and s6 from Portfinouth. It
W8< incorpocated in i749» ^ contains
530 inhabitants.
J^EWTOWN, a poft-itown in Fairfield
«o. Conne£licut, 9 miles eaft*noith-eaft
vf Dan'oury, s6 \wft<noAh- weftof Kew-
Haven» 61 fouch-weft of Hartford, and
80 nork-eaft of New. York. The town
ftands pleafantly on an elevated fpot)
and was fettled in 1708.
Newtown, on Stntenlflatid, New-
York, is 3 miles N. £^ of Oid.Town^
as far eaft of Richmond, and 9 ibuth-
wefterl ' of New- York.
Newtown, atownAiip in Queen's
CO. New- York, includes ail the iliands
in the Sound oppofite the fame. It is
about 8 miles euft of New- York, and
contains s,iit inhabitants, including
533 flaves.
Newtown^ a townfliip in Weft-
Chefter co. New- York { of whofe inha>
bitants s7i are elc6Vars.
Newtown, a townfliip in Tioga co.
New. York, lies between the fouth end
of Seneca Lake and Tioga river } ha-
ving Chemung townfliip eaft, from
which it was taken, and incorporated in
1791. In 1796, 169 of its inhabitants
were ele6tor8.
NEWTOW^', a townfliip in Gloucirf-
ter CO. New-Jerliry.
Newtown, the (eat of juftice in
'Siifil'X CO. New Jerfey, is alraut to miles
S, E, of Sandyft.n. "
Newtown, the capital of Bucks co.
Penniylvmiiu It contains a Piefliyte-
rian church, a ftene ^ol, a court houfe,
an academy, and about $0 houfes. It
was fettled in 17x5, and is to miles W.
«f TMi^tMii i»Ncw-j«riey| and 30 N.
HEW
fit
& by N; of PhikdcipMa. Therein
two oAunr towaflMys of Ah nrnm^-illki^
one HI Delaware <o. thrcttair iii.dMI «l
Cumberland. -^ii
Ni WTO wil j a finatl tf«MiofVtf|^Miii»'
fitoatcd in F'^dcrick ce>. bttwwiu ^
north and foutt. ofaacbct of Shimaiidaii?
river) 7naietfe«th«f Winehei»r»a«l
173 north-aorthi-wsft of RldtiMMiw
Nbw>Utrbcmt< a finaM" liMritimi
town of New. York, fittnted in Xhig'i
CO. Long.Ifland, oppofite the mnrrowii^
and 7 miles foutb of Nmr-'^ovk <ity«f
The whole townftip ^bntiihia s6i hm»
bitants { of whoih 76 are quamed «tfet>*
tors, and so 6 flaws. '
Ne W' WiNDSOB, atowiMiij^Olie^
CO. New Yt>rk, pleafaiiKly filiated ota
the W. hank of Hodfim lifer, J]g^
above the high lands, 3 miles touJnef
Newburgh, and 6 north of We^ Points
It contains iSto inhabitants ^ of wH^
a6i are qualified efeAoirs* and 117
ilaves. A valuable fet of «N>Htfe in AM'
town fin* manufa£hiring fcyttNi wfre
deftroyed by fire. In 1795, ttie kfAAw^'
ture granted the unfiirttmate peoprntor^
Mr. Boyd, ^.tseototasftkhim tongut
cftabliflt them. The conipaft pan!''o|F
the town contains about 40 houlirB and
a Prefbyterian church, 64 miles H,^ e£.
New. York. The fummer refldehee ot
Gov. Clinton was formerly at a rural '
feat, on tl\e margin of the river, at thif '
pi.Tce.
Nb W-Wbe nth A w, Diftrift pfh^inci
a townfliip 6 ^niles E. of Penebfi^dt fi-
ver, adjoining Oniiigton^ and 15 miiiit^'
from Buckfion. '
New YEAR.'sifdr&o»r, on thennrth
coaft of Staten Land'Ifland, at the foutft
extremity of S. Ambriea, affbrds wood'
and goodwater ; was dilcover^ JM. t,
1775 i hence its name. S. lit. 54. 49;
weft long. 64. II.
New Year's ^ff:/r,near fheabovc
harbour, within which is anchorage at ,
north half weft from the harbour, actht.;
diltance of i leagues from it.
NEW YORK, one of the Unita
States of America, is iituated bctwcetl-^
lat 40. 40. and 45. north, and betweeif '
long. 73. 10. and 80. wdl; Is abottt
3 50 miles hi length, and 300 in breadth ^'
bounded Ibuth-eaftcrly by the Atlrffltle''
Ocean} eaft by Connecticut, Mafihchu-
ietts, and Vermont } north by Upper
Canada ; foutk-weft and weft by Pent*
lylnuiia^ New* jeifey and Lake Brie. li^
i».
0gA :|Ufe|f %i tttuotfM nMi
tJlfteft DotcheTa, C6hmiSi«»
^^ rir^llRflitMgMn» Clmtony 8ara'
«|pfi*< iltlb^{r»Monttfon^ Hcrkemtri;
<tentii<l|n» Qtt«go#Oyttario, and Tiog««
Jk iM(^ jfttii^at? Morained 340^1*0
mtkmm^'iA ^rftom »1>1<4^ were
fHlfit tliat (ktrtod tlw countin of
„jwr> SaiMoga^ HevkcmMr, Onon.
^„-> Olfcgak <»hl Tioga bave been u-
lMi»'&«lii tSeotliercouiitica. In 179.6,
■WlwiliwB «» the GCata ceitfua^ there were
^0«> M w i i it tpe» aiAcI 64»0ST qualified
dwbra. EMAora in thit State are divi-
4i#{«f*4te MkmiDK claifti t
Ik it >4tfiicoU to afccrtain aceuratdy
«hr piviier^oa. the number of ekAors
%nfs to tae Whf4emimbcr of inhabitants
iK !)»• fimt' in tlic county of Herke-
nanr tbt 4eftora to t|if whole number of
iahal^taiiu ««•» in 1795, nearly aa i to
f, Irnt tliia piopmtiou wtU not hoJd
[htht State. In 1 790 the number
fWnta in the State was» as al-
Qwntioncdt 940*1 «o, of whom
^tfti '"*'» elef^ors. In 1795 the
mnbdr of cle^iu-a was 64,017, which,
if t|M> pnOMrtioo between the eleiilprs
and the. 4»Me nwnber of inhabitants be
the flunck gtveai aa the whole number of
ioltabhams fat 1795, 530,177, an in
omfef in 5 years, of 190,057.
The cbiefrivirrs areHuiifon, Mohawk
«ld dieir branches. The rivers Dela-
Spia and Sulquehannab, rite in this
ite* The principal lakes are Otlcgo,
Oti^viM^ Qeorgci Seneca, Cayuga^ Salt,
and Chitutaugbque. The principal bay
ia that of York, which fpreads to the
(bittliwanl before the city of New- York.
The Icgiflature of New. York, iliinu-
Ittcd by the fnterprizing and a^ive
Fenhiyivanians, who are competitors
for th« trade of the weftem country,
have lately granted very liberal fumt,
towards improving thoie roads that tra*
varft the mott fettled paits 0/ the coun-
tfy, and opening i'uch as lead into the
WNftcrn anu northern parts of the State,
imitiog as far is pomble the eftablifli-
roents on Hudiun's river, and the moft
populous pacta of the interior country
•y the qaaref^ jgra^icab^e diftances. By
KStW
lot liabltAmsikiaof^-italf a AH^
VSA tf ireft >ipf«]Bmc» is op«i^ .b«4
t«M|B tkii mdk-mmat weftem pavts of
thHl^tst«»«lid thvCcftitl State* i»tho
Union ( «mt witen t)laebAraAi«ia be*
twacnHudfimVriMi' and l«idci Ontario
are cfmovcd, tbara will- not be a great
deal to.dotoconiitmjfc the watttrt'eom^
muniaatiao.by tbe fak^ and tlirougir
Illinoia titer to tha Mifliiipjii. New.
York^ to iiMak generally, ia mterfefted
by ridgca of m«>uiit|ias extending in a
N. %, and S^ W. dir^Oaon. B^nd
the All^any Mountains, however, the
country la level, of • fine rich foil, co«
vered In its natnral ftate with-map)e»
bctcb, birch* cheny, black wahtut, lo.
cuft, hickonr, and umie mulberry trees.
On the banks cf Lake Eric are a few
chefimt and oak ridoes. Hemlock
I'wampa are intcrlDcrfed thinly through
the coiuttrv. All the creeks that emp-
2 into Lake Erie have falls, which af-
. rd many excellent mill-feats. The
lands between the Seneca and Cayuga
Lake*, are reprelented. as uncommoiu^
excellent, beiiw moft agreeably diveru-
fied with gentle rifinea, and timbered
with Jofty trees, with little underwood.
The Icgiflature have granted a million
and a half acres of land, as a gratuity
to the officers and fddiers of the line of
this State. Tbift traft , fonns the mili-
tary townfliipa of the county af Qnonda.
Kill, on the weft fide of Hudfiw^a river,
the country is broke* into bills with
rich intervening valUcs. The hills are
doathed thick with timber, and when
cleared aflbrd fine paftur?) the vallles,
when cultivated, produce wheat, hemp,
flax, peas, grafs, oati, Indian com, &c»
Of tiie commodities produced from cul-
ture, wheat is the principal. Indian
corn and peas are likcwlfe railed for ex-
portation) and rye, oats, barley, &c»/
for home confumption. The beft landa
in the State, along Mohawk river, and
north of it and weft of the Alleghany
Mountains, but. a few years ago wa»
moftly in a (late of nature, but has bftn
of late rapidly fettling. In the northern
and unfettled parts of the State are plen- '
ty of mooA, deer, beara, fonic beavers,
maptins, and moft other of tbe inhabi-
tants of the foreft, except wolves* The
BaUftovriH Saratoga, and. Ji^cw Lebar J
non
pMteof
Ontario
^ , _ it ffiw W go»«
neft to tlMt Mdm^ fppiii Tui)i> 111-
ukI. Thv ^»^t ^r » buM of tN
ait 19 I s<n>* A tpM it lartKOitcd to
hareWii df&moMMthi SuMaelian-
nah cou|it»r» irop^wMttccI wim il^kre,
from yfh«n Alt-pnre !■ made in tlie
fanw mAhQcr that commsn 61t it ipiuie
fi-om the t)iio<i(la|ro fprings. Iaijc
?uantitie9 of -iran oie «ce found here.
I Alvcmiine hai been worked at ]E^hiU
lipfbnrgt vrhich produced virgin filver.
licad is found inHerJcemer county, and
fulphifr iaMontgonieryt Spar, sink or
fpelter, ii iemt-nietal» ina|;ncx» ufcd in
gla«uDg«, pyrites of a goUcn hue^ va-
rious kinds of copper ore> and lead'^afid
coal mines, are found in this State, alfo
petrified wood, plafter of Paris, ifing.
giafs in flieets, talcs, and cryftals of va-
rious kinds aiid colours, Aint, aAeftos,
and fcveral'other fbflUs. A final! black
ftone has alfo been found, which vitri-
fies with a f^nail heat, and it is faid
makes excellent glafs. The chief manu-
faftures are iron, glafs, paper,,pot and
pearl afbes, earthen ware, maple fugar
and moli^es, and the cititensin general
manufa6bire their own cloathiug. This^
State, having a fluMrt and eafy accefs to'
the ocdan, commands the trade of a
freat pn^portion of fhe beft fettled and
efl cultivaced,parts of the United States.
Their exports to the Weft-Indies are,
bifouit,,peaa, Indian-:Com» apples, oni-
ons, boards, ftaves, horfes, Uieep, but-
ter, eheefe, pickled oyftera, beef and
pork. But wheat is the (laple commo-
dity of the State, of which no lefa than
^77>700 bufhels were exported lb Tong
ago as the year 1 77 5, befides 3,5 55 tons
ot bread, and %%%t tons of flour. The
increaie (ince has been in proportion to
the increaie of the population. In wheat
and flour about a million bufbels are now
annually exported. Weft-India goods
are received in return for the above ar-
ticles. Befides the articles already enu-
merated are exported flax-feed, cotton,
wool,* farfapariUa, coffee, indigo, rice,
pig-iron, bar-iron, pot-alh, pearKalh,
lurs, deer-lkin, log wood, fuflic'. maho-
gany, bees-wax, oil^'Madeira wine, ram,
tar, pitch, turpentine, whale-fins, fifli,
fugars, molaflef , lalt, tobacco, lard, kc.
but moft of thefe articles are imported
H^W
^fJi4»79P ,«WJ|. n flip* «7A»*-
which fh* nndi «nployMt:7air tf^m
40,000 tana of |i)r^ign fd^U- .HwiP
are in this S(««e» %W9 ^aaidjSmm 9^
dowed and ^oi^i(Im|W qa)u«ea, y 19; Co-
lumbia, ^m^ta angVjQijIlegss, ii
the city of NewnYork, and UiMon (««(^
lege, at Schene^di^, %. Mm?TMk
Ci^, and $ebimf$adj. Bdidps iknii,
there are di(ip«|rf(|Kl',ln dUEsr^pM; {>«r^-«f
the State) 14 jncpq^ofated AcideHii««^
containiiig in' t|ie ?|[)u4e, as nmfty m C
or 700 fhidentji. th«4 w^tk tbfi HftlM-
blilhnieni^of £j)ool||, pne ^ ln^iaic!iM|r
diftria of 4f«maite .m|lq«> JW^Mil-
mon branches of educattont mitft. hum
the moft beneflcial.«|Ee^ om tKe ftate
offociety. iThe fuqu ||r;uUml,^y tW
legiflature of this Stj^e 1^ the fpij:otMitg«^
ment of Ut(»«ture fln^ tt)e ypg^ 17^
have been veiy liberal aijd is ji;viw»Teof
the wifeft policy^ ,IncM«rch>;>790»ithe
leeiflature «tfuited to th^j^g^s^iftt^
Univerfity, who have^y law the Aiper-
intendance and managcmpt of the Mtet-
rauire of the State, fever^l lajKge lUtfl
valiiable tra£lt of land, on 'the waters tif
Lakes Ceorge and Champlain> and alfp
Govemor^s Ifland in the harbour of
New-York, with intent that the ren^
and income thereof fliould be by thmi
applied to the advancement ot liter-
ature. M the (xm ]time diey grant-
ed them if lObo cuiTcncy, for the fame
general purpoie. In April, 179s, tiny
ordered to be paid to the Regents,
;C«5oo for enlarging the library, ,f»oo
tor a chemical apparatus, ^ixoo for
creeling a wall to fupport the college
grounds, and £s°oo tor erefting a haU
and an additional wing to the college t
Alfo £1500 aninnilly for 5 years to be
dilcretionally diflributed among the aca-
demies of the State. Alfo £;so, for 5
years, to be applied to the payment -of
the falaries of additional profeflbrs. In
their lelTtons, fince 1795* the Aims they
have granted for the fupport of the coj.
leges, academies, and of common fchools
A a through.
,
ft* >y B W
6iM#«$l'(licitate»1im hwn vtity lU
jmr^rht m^* mu or dcubmi.
ItkiiiBiis M^ Steteirc, EnwliA Fnlby.
MteMi Dutch Ktfbnned, BiiptAU, t-
)nf(XMdiUM'^ Frieadt or Qlrak<^, Ger-
niii bithWimt MbniTlmt^eihodiftt,
UttmA CMhblfCf ^ Sbakert, i i«w fol-
iMptttof JeMttta WHkmroA st Gene-
W*«m1 feh« |^.|i> tWi ^ity of New-
Vdrk. The itv^ty of this State U one
of the riieheft in the Uirioii. The trea-
Ihrer. of the State repdrted to the legifla-
tliito ID -Jan. tn6, that the funds a-
niiftuDtedtb a, ti9,o6t dollars, jjcents*
*«rh!ch yieidt ah annuity of lUftiS
mk. Befides the above immente lum,
#ere wat at t!iat period in the trealtiry
^t|f(4d^»7 1 9t. I o|d. currency. The
iibmY^ the State, therefore, is abun-
dantly centpiBtent to aid public inftitu-
cions of every hind, to make roads,
^reft bridges, open canals, and pufli eve-
lykinii Of improvement to the moft de-
OraMe kn^h. The body of the Six
•liMloM et Indians inhabit the weftem
part il this State. See Six Natietu,
TIte EngIKh language is generally
fpoken throughout the State, but is not
a little cormpted by the Dutch dialeft,
«4i!<!h is ftlU fpoken in fome counties,
particuhurly m King^s, Ulfter, Albany,
ahd that part of Orange which lies S. of
liie qnownuinf. But as Dutch fchools
are^ Mrtwft, if not «>hoIly difcontinued,
thitt language, in a few generations, will
^baMy ceafe to be uied at all. And
the incttafe'of Englilh fctoolshas al-
ready had a perceptible effeft in the im-
mtyvement of the Englifli language.
Beiides the Dutch mxTEngliA, there
are in this State many emignutts from
<6cotlaiid, Ireland, Germany, and fome
few fhmi France. Many Germans are
lettled on the Mohawrk, and fome Scots
people on the Hudfon, in the county of
.vVafliington. The principal part of
the two former fettled in the city of
New-Tbukj and retain the manners,
the religion, and fome of theaa the Ian-
■uage of their refpeAive covintries.
The French emigrants fettled princi-
pally at New-Rochelle) and on Staten-
Ifland, and their defcendants, ieveral of
them, now fill fome of the higheft offi-
ces in the United States. The weftern
parts of the States are fettled and fettling
principally from New-England. There
are three incorporated cities in this
State* New>York, Albany, and Hudfon.
NEW
Nitv.Yoiti GMHtfyy In tte above
State, cottjpehen^g (he iftmd of
(M».Yorft, or Mafihattau, on Which
the metropofts flands, and the following
linall ifllinds < Grtet Barn, tittle. Bam,
Maiifling's, Kutten, Bedfo«f% Back,
ing, aiul Oyfter Tihinds. It icb^tuned,
in 1790, S3i>3' inhabitants, including
a}69 flaves. Nmr, in ifs6p tlie num-
ber of Inhabitants amoimts to about
70,600, of whom 7,17a are qualified
eleftors. "^J
Mew- York Gtj is fittiared on die ^
S. W. point of York ifland, at the con-
fluence of Hudfon and Eafl rivei^ji, and
is the metropolis of the State of its nam'e,
and the fecond in rank in the Union.
The length of the city on Baft river is
upwards of two miles, and rapidly in-
creafing, bat falls fhortofthat diftance
on the binkft of the Hudfon. Irs
breadth on an average, is about a mife ;
and its circumference, 4 or 5 niile».
The plan of tlie c y is not perfeAly re-
gular, but is laid out with reference
to the fhuation of the ground. T^e
ground which was unoccupied before
the peace of 17X3, was laid out in paral.
lei ftrects of convenient width, which ha»
had a good efFeft upon the parts of the
city lately built. The principal ftreets
run nearly parallel with the rivers.
Thefe are mterfeAed, thougl) not at
right angles, by ftreets, running from
river to river. In the width of the
ftreets there is a great diverfhy. Water
ftreet and Pearl ftreet, which occupy the
banks of Eaft river, are very convenient.
!y fitnated tor bufinefs, but they are low
and too narrow } not admitting in fome
places of walks on the fides for foot
ftaflengers. Broad ftreet, extending
i-om the Exchange to the city hall, h
fufficiently wide. This was crigin»lly
built on each fide of the creek, which
penetrated alraoft to the city hall. This
ftreet is low, but pleafant. But the
moft convenient and agreeable part of
the city is the Broadway. It begins at
a point which is formed by the jun6lion
or the Hudfon and Eaft rivers— occupies
the height of land between them, upon
a true meridional lin>. — -rifes gently to
the northward— is nearly 70 feet wide
—adorned, where the fort former) y
ftood, (which has lat«ly been levelled)
with an elegant brick edifice, for the ac-
comodation of the governor of the State,
and a public walk from the extremity of
the
NEW
tke point, occupvini^ tbi ground of the
}Mnt battcrjr wUiBh it now dcmoUiied {
mo witft two Bpifcoipi] churcbct and
a Aum)Mt of clennt private buiUing*.
tt fcernninatet to the northward, in a tri-
angutar arekj fronting the bridewell and
alms-houfe, and commands from any
pout, a vie^v of the Bay and Narrowi.
Since the yrar 1788, that part of the
tity, which was buried in mini daring
the war, hat been rapidly rebuilding,
the ftreets widened, ftraigntened, raited
in the middle under an angle Aifficient
to carry off the water to the fade gutters,
and foot- ways of briclc made on eadi
fide. At this time, the part that was
deftroyed by fire is all covered with ele-
gant brick houfei. Wall ftreet is ge-
nerally 50 feet wide and elevated, and
the buildings elegant. Hanover fquare
and Dock ftreet aie conveniently fituared
tibr bufinefs, and the houfes well built.
William ftreet is alfo elcvattd and con-
Tenient, and is the principal market for
retailing dry goods. Many of the other
flreets are pleafant, but moft of them
are irregular and narrow. The houfes
are generally built of brick, and the
roofs tiled. There are remaining a few
houfes buth af^er the old Dutch manner ;
but the Englifli tafte has prevailed al>
moft a century. The moft roagniiScent
edifice in thi< city is Federal l&U, iitu.
ated at the head of Broad ftreet, where
its front appears to great advantage, in
which is a gallery is feet deep, guanied
by an elegant iron railing. In this gal-
lery our beloved Washinoton, at>
'tended by the fenate and houfe of re-
prefentatives, took his cath of office in
the face of Heaven, and in prefence of a
large concourfe of people aflembled in
irout, at the commencement of the ope-
ration of the Federal Conftitution, A-
Eril 30th, 1789. The other public
uildings in the city are, three houfes
for public worfliip for the Dutch Re-
fbrmed church, four Prefbyterian church-
es, three Epifcopal churches, two for
German Lutherans and Calvinifts, two
Friends* meeting houfes, two for Bap-
ttfts, two fo^ Methodifts, one for Mora-
vians, one Roman Catholic church, one
French Proteftant church, and a Jews'
fynagogue. Befides thefe there is the
governor's houii;, already mentioned, a
nandibme building, the college, gaol,
and feveral other buikliiigs of lefs note.
Thr city is accomodated with four
NEW j7i
nuu-k«ts in different pMtt, wl^cK are
fumiflied wtth • great plenty aiMl^iri-
ety of pnififio^ ia iHiat and caceUttt
order. • ' •
KiAg*a pollege in ^ city of ll^
York, was principally foundid by the f«-
luntary contribtitionaof the inhiUtfUkt
of the province, a^fted by the jMncftl
affembly, and the corporttmd of Trlnify
Church) iii the year 1^54, a ro^
charter (and |r«tv of moMey) being
then obtained^ mcorporating a number
of gentlemen therein mentk^iad, by the
name of ** The Oovemors of tltt Col-
lege of the province of Nsw-York* in
the city of New-Ybrk, in America |"
and gninting to themaikl their fucceflbrs
forever, amongft various other lights
and privileges, the power of conCtrring
all fuch degrees as are ufually conferred
by either of the Englifh univerfitiea.
By the charter it was prUvided that the
preiident ftiall alwayc be a member of
the church of England, and that » form
of pcaver colle£iied from the litui^ of
that church, with « particular prMir
for the college, fhall be daily viim,
morning and evening, in the college
chapel} at the fame time, noteft of
their religious perAufion waa requiti^
from any of the iiellows, profeflbra or
tutors { and the advantages of education
were equally extended to ftudenta of
all denominations. The building (which
is only one third of the intendnl ftruc«
ture) confifts of an elegant ftone edifice,
three complete ftortea high, with four
fbir-cafes, la apartments in each, a
chapel, hall, librarv, m^feum, anatomi>
cal theatre, and a fchool for experimen-
tal philofophy. The college ia (Ituated
on a dry gravelly foil, about 1 ^o yarda
firom the hankof Hudfon*s river, which
it overlooks, commanding a moft exten-
five and beautiftU profpeft. Since the
revolution, the legiflature paffed an aA
conftitutingsi gentlemen (of whom the
governor and Heutenant-govemor, for
ihe time being, are members ex ojficiii)
a body- corporate and politic, by the
name and ftyle of *' The Regents of
the Univerfity of the State of New-
York.** They are entrufted with the
care of literature in general in the State,
and have power to grant charters of in-
corporation for erefting colleges and
academies throughput the State, are to
vifit thefe inftitutions as of^en as they
fliall thmk proper, and report their ftate
Aa» U
)^i#
i«sM«f
grfuN ^ Mif )«iflMipi?^ The
Ittv
iU9 i«$9g finSnii* Ate jbelbpguii
«9M<f«» «|clti(Syf of Ibme bdifd*
„^pi» PWB i|9t «l prfpi^ produdive,
jinaMptf^^i^aSOirripm Colun*.
.Bi4,$oUcg^ ceo(utt or-« Mcuu&fi i a ft.
iWlDbil •«♦ im3, hoxltsr of pliyfic*
,TiMltrftJ|wa prdMeatap^; iHfpMon,
miJkt imtA% own a^ » ptv^bre^
jTlw IhKAmtf 4ttfo4>i« Mh tli^ ^ciU-
tin ct |)w jNciqning^ tfeyiar »Z93
JWMKiqtvd Ml |4«|. ^.Tl)f .offic^^ri of Ml*
.ftrttAion umI Iminediitc ggvernoient in
%h)f fmvifj, itiv^H «"« » Wtfident, pio-
fcQir of matKtflMU^ VM natural p^ilo.
liftlL];, » proK$« of ,|onf and geogrm.
jlift and a pn^tffior of .famguagps. To
Ihdft have lately been aildcd a profelTor
«f cbyrnvftiy and agriculture, aprofef-
ftr ot oriental JUmpiaget, a profeflbr of
law, and a profefl^ <? the Fivnch lan-
guage. In the fkcult^ of phyHc, the
.'dean is leiRurer on eUnical i^iedicine in
theNew-York hofpital} and ther^are
the profieflruribips ot botany, of anato-
my* of the obftetric ait, ot matei'ia.Rie-
dica* of the inAitutcs of medicine, of fuf-
gery* and tlie practice of phytic* TheCt
pnrfjdlort afford the neceflary inftruc-'
tioninthehealiiwart, ThrUbrary and
nraftum were denroyed during the war.
Upward* of ^^809 (of monies granted
by the legiflature) have been lately ex-
pended in b6okt;to increafe the libraiy.
Thephtlofbdbtcal a{i|NumtMs is.nfw and
cODwkee* Tb^go^ernunent of the city
(which was incorporated in 1 696) is now
in^'iiaa^l
Tfjiir
apdMairl^JrwWi
M,^^ m^<^,mm^'^ The
mavcir'ieourt. which ti beld fni);!^^
IP^ by: ^Mr&t, U U Mti-
rabuon as a court of bw. A ebu^
^ f^fm U Ukewift held loir tbe trial ^f
fXixtmiA nufts, in^e iitiuitloifi olf the
cfl(jr. U both heakhjr and picdknh fur.
rmuij^M on all tidet ^ji wither, it is it-
mtt^ with cm3 hiteMiiii (bminer, And
the air in winter ^t more tcn^pcratf tlian
b other places under the Aine yaraUel.
Tiiia city is efteemed, tbe nyjft eligible
ujt^f^on for commerce in tKt tfnited
jkatet » It almoft necemurily commands
the tnde of one half Kfw- jcrfey, ihoft
dtthat of JConneAicu^^ pah of that of
Mtwechaletts, and ahnoR the wniole of
ycrmM|t^beflde» the whole Rrtileihte-
ripr ^untry, ^ich is penetrated by
<Mie or the lafgeft rivers iii America.
Thiji city imports moll <^ the goods
cbniuined between a line of jo niiKs k.
qfCPonne^icut river, and *p jftuUk weft
^ the lludron, wnieh is ii)o n^iles 1
^:|ietween the ocean and the coififihes
of CaiiMa, about 400 miles { a coh-
iider^bTe piartion of which is the heft
peopled of any jiait of the United States }
^ the whole territofy contains nearly
a million people, 01; dte-fifth of the in-
Dstbitants of tne ^nion. Befides^ fome
of the other States are partially fuppHeit
with goods from I^ew-Tork. IBut in
the Itaple commodity, l^^r, Fehiifylva.
nw and Maryland have meeded it, tlie
JTuperJine flour of thpfe Stt^tes command-
ing a higher price than that of Newl
Yortc } not that the quafity of the grain
is worfe, but becaufe greater attention
is paid in thbfa States to thie krpeAioii
and mai)ufa£li»e of that article. In the
manu^aure nk^wife of iron, paper,
cabinet works, &c. lPcnnfylvan» 'ex-
ceeds not only ^ew-York, nut an her
lifter States. In times of peace, liow-
ever, IJiew-York will commatid 'more
commercial bufinefs than any tciwn in
^he United Sutes^ ta tune of war it
will b(; infecure, without a^ nwrine iforce j^
but aTmall i^Umber of JOiips wtll be able
t^d^ndit firja^ tiie inoft fbrpidable
^ttack^K l^y iea* .^want itf good w^
in a great iikcttiveniencc to die cititens„
there
\
V
mi
it
^u
fotns
N » W
nim Hh ^ if«w» k».*« c'^y* WW^
if thf Moplf iM*/; lyppM <rnr <^/
Willi freih water, te^jircyeil to their
<4«ort in caflMf froiq a pump near (Im
head ot' QtJ«tn ftrect, which reeeivM U
from a l|M'«iig almoft ^ ipile from the
CQStre of thf «ity. iThii weU {f ^i^i^
•0 M dfep aq4 four fc«t '^>WMf?ff«
The ayei-agf qufintUy drawp d|i^y frpin
fbU reii)»rK^b)fl well, «• no liog||ietvlt
•of 1 30 galU^na e^ch. In fuipe hpt Aim-
^tpr daya aii |iog|heada have \iteifi
.drawn ttvm it { and v'hat U very fingu-
i^Xt tliere U oevcr ni>^e or te('« than a-
Vout 3 feet water imh<p well. Tliewa-
ler U fold ^onimonly at three p^nee a
bpg^ead at ti^ ptinip. Severa) propo-
JTols have been made' by intiivulua)! to
fuppiy tl)$ cUi|»n> by pip«fi{ hut none
have yet been accf pted. On a general
Vifw of this city, as described 1.0 yearp
iVgPi nnd in it» pritfent ftate, the com-
Pfui/on if (i»ttu-iiig to tite p(<e(ent age j
particularly the iinprbvemcnt* in tjaAe,
elegance of n)ai)ner», ^(k1 that eafy un-
f flfc^ed civility and politenels wbic;h
fmtn the Ivippinef* of (ocijil intercourfe.
The number of inhabitants in the city
nnd coMnty of New- York in 175^, was
IP.'^iJ I77i,»i,863| 17^6, »3,^i4}
»790i Sli'in »7»^» 7i»7» ele6lor«j
pi-oi)ub)y about 70,000 inhabiu|its.
There is no bafon for the reception of
vefleis, but the iWd where they lie in
Ealt river, which is |M-ote£ted from the
violence of the Tea, l>y tlie circutpja-
cent jilands. JThe great rapiditv of the
tides in the narrow channels between
Long-Ifland and York-Iiland, an.l be>
tween Long-lfl^nd and Staten-Ifland, in-
creaied by the water of Hudfon and Eai(l
fiycrs, preiei'v^ the chani^el froni being
oblh*u6l«rd by ice; lo that navigation is
alw.iy3 open, except a few dayk when
the weather is uncommouly fevcre. The
entries frop fprcign ports only into this
port in i7{,5 were 94.1, viz. (hips, 178
—brigs, 309— barq''x8, 9— ihowa, 7
— fchooners, i68«-floops, 179. yi^orks
of defence have been erected here to a
^onfidefable extent, and when compiet-
^'d on the origionl plan, will afford great
fecurity to the city, front enemies' mips.
iJew York c\ty is 9 5 miles hi . &. of jPhi -
ladelphia, 127 S« W. of ^arjttbrd, 197
.JSI. JE. of Baltimore, ts% S. W- of Bof
.itOP> 375 trom Portland, in It^aine, 373
/r9(9 Hicbmoqd, 6ao frpm jFiayetteyille,
|I3 Udm C\mhfi^9^ an^ f^fa bom
b|i^, u>(!l|a9 immi ^
Creek wuion, lUintcd
river, in Oeorgfuj and ^ "fBM
long, Ud (WmC C3Ct««d t«»0 Tf» 9M
part in brndtjl^. It is Mm t^ ^
^ridgf, 15 9iilM^. ^ilf!!^i^3S'
Nr. YBf , or Ni$v0j a fertt^ phdn 09
t|ie Ibuthfidcof the i^ti^ cf ^t.lDi^n^^
go 4 bounded B. by the ^y v4 fWw
of itf ^a^, oil the W. by the river «f
pames, ah^ the Fond of t^p^'mM^lt^-
It contaiha about fo uiuarc IcigMfli
abounds with g^ntf, fiiM > » COPM
fpot fbr^amt^gocs, phearantf.;uidriii9ri4 ,
0^ crowned peac6c)is. Thfielafthmn
more delicate flavour ud tefift ^Illmit
plumage than tKe peaeofkt of E«nqi«w
Nine leagues frain ,t|w Xy. bank of the
Neybe is the tow|i, cootaiikipg idwut
too houfes, and cyn turn mit 3^9 nMp
fit to bear armb. T}i|f tpwn is f c l«igv«9
W. by ]^. of Aiu, ^nd %i^. ppom tbo
point where the lifie of dem^reation
cuts jBracki|h ^pi^d. This territp^
Produces a fort of plaidcr, talc, and
>/fil fait. Tfa» natural ly-prpdu^Mon
of the £ilt is G* rapid, that a pretty
large hollow isabfolutely filled up agyin
in the courfe of a year. The river
might be rendered navigable for fmall
craft, and the plain is a|>|e to ^gbrd eli*
gible fituatiqns for 1 50 fingar plantations.
Niagara Rtvertm^TaHt. Niaga^
ra rivir, conneAs the N. E. end of Lake
Erie wit)i ^ke Pntai^io, |in<f is about
30 miles in |t|igtb, from IFort Erie to
Niagara Fort, ^ forms a part of tli«
boundary between the United States
and Upper Canada. It receives Chip-
peway w Welliind river from the W.
Tonewanto Creek from the E. and
am;
embofomp^ Great and Navy lOands.
Fort Slufticr (lands on the £. fide of this
riyer near Navy Ifland. The Faffft
in this river, are oppofite Fort Slu0ier,
about 7 or X mjles foitth Of Lake Cnta-
rio, 'and form the greateft curiofity
which this, or indeed any other coun-
try, affords. In order to have a tolera-
ble idea of this ftupehdons fall of yviat«-,
it will be hecefiaiy to ' coi^ceive thgt
part of the country m which Lake Erie
IS fitiiated, to ^c elevated above tbftt
A a } which
$74 N I A
«likh cttntllM Laitt Onttrto, about 300
fliMt ) the flope which icpai-ate* th« »tp.
bh- and lower couhtry it generally very
m<9t and in many placet almoftperptfii-
dfcnlar j It it formed hy horitontal
iliMa or ftone, great part of which ia
IM-ftone. The flopl may be traced
by the inorth fide of Lake Ontario, near
the bay of Torento, round the wcA end
ti the L^ i thence the direAion !i
(•nerilly dift. Between Lake Ontario
'•nd Laka Erie it croflea the ftrait of
ffiagara, and the GennciTee river; after
which it becomes loft in the country
. lowania Sebeca Lake. It ia to this Hope
the country ia indebted both for tne
C^talatt of Niagara and the great FalU
«f Uehneflee, The Catara6t of Niagai a,
Ame have fuppo(ed| waa formerly at the
northera fide of the ilojie near the land-
ing} and that from \he great length of
timc» and the quantity of water, and
diftance which it fails, tlie folid ftone is
worn away for about leven miles up to-
wards lake Erie *, arid a chaftn is form-
, «1 which no perfon can approach with-
out terrrtt. Down this chal'm the wr.
ter ruffles with a moft aftoniihing nolle
•nd velocity! after '^ msktu the great
p.tch. Here the iar y is conftantly en-
l^ged in the contemplation of the moft
fomaniie and awful proipe£l imagin-
able} wiien the eye catches the falls,
the contemplation is inflantly arretted,
and the beholder admireS in filence.
The river is abbiu 74a yarda wide at
the falls. The perpendicular pitch of
this vatt body of water produces a found
that is frequently htard at the diftance
of 10 miles, and in a clear day, and fair
wind) 40 and even 50 miles. A ^r
ceptibie, tremulous motion in the earth
is felt for feyeral rods round. A heavy
cloud or fog is conftantly afcending
fixtm the falls, in which rainbows may
always be feen when the fun Oiines.
This fog or fjiray, in the winter feaibn,
falls upon the neighbouring trees, where
it congeals, and produces a moft bcauti-
fill chryftaline appearance: this remark
is applicable alio to the falls of Gen-
nefleek it is cuM}e£lured that the water
muft fiall at l^aft 65 feet in the chnfni)
the perperidtculiar pitch at the ciitaraA
* Gen. Lincoln who vinted and eiainined
thcfe falli, in 1 794, Uj», «' On a careful ex-
aminationof the banks of the river, there ap^
peari to be no nod foundation for this opi-
bioa."-. ••■ . ' ■ •■
N I A
!• ISO feet} other aceountafty only I S7
feet t to theft add s t fctt, which the 1^-
ter falls tl,3 \»tt half mile immediatclir
above the falls, and «e have a;), which
the water lalls in thediftance of 7|miUa.
Animala fwimming near the.Rapida
above the great Cstaraft are inftantly
hurried to oefiruAion. Juft below the
Great Pitch, the water and foam may be
feen puffed up in large fpherioal fistires }
they bnrft at the top, afid project a co-
lumn of the fpray to a prodigious height,
and then fubfide, and are fuceeeded by
others vtrhichburft in like manner* This
appearance is moft remarkable about
half way between the iiland that dividea
the falls and the weft fide of the ftrait,
where the largeft column of water de-
fccnds. The defcent into the chal'm pf
this ftupendous cataraQ is very diflicult,
on account of the great height of the
banks { but when once a perfon has de«
fcended, he may go up to the foot of the
Fails, nikl take ihelter behind tiie de-
fcending column ot water, between that
and the pt cipice, where there is a I'pace
fufiicient to contain a number of pimple
in pei-feft fafety, and where converlation
may be held without interruption ^om
the noife, which is lefs here than at a
confldemble diftance. On Chriftmaa
1795, a fevcre fliock of an earthquake
was felt here, and by which a large piece
of the rock that forms the famous cata-
raA was broken oflT.
Niagara, a fort and poft town In
the State of New-Yoik, fituared on the
E. fide of Niagara river, at its entrance
into Lake Ontario, and oppolite to
Newark, in Canada. Niagai a Fort is 9.
moft important poft, and fecures k
£rreater number of communications,
through a large country, than probably
any other pals in interior Amei ica. It
is about 9 miles below the cataraA, 80
N. V/. of Wiihamfburgh op Genntflt;*;
i-ivcT, 370 N. W . of Philadelphia, and
560 W, hy N. of Bolton. N. lat. 43.
ic. W. long. 79. The fort was built
by the French about the year 17*5, and
was dehvered up to the United States,
accbi'ding to the treaty of 1794, by th'a
Britilh, in 1796. Although it i» a de-
gree N. of Bofton, yet the fealim ia
quite a^' mild here as at that town, and
veseUtioii quite as early ami forward.
le IS thought that the climate meliorates
in the fimie latitude as oite proceeds
from the Atlantic weftward. ^'
NlCAKAGVAi
NIG
NiCA«4!i|(M;A* » lake in the province
oFNew-Sj^hi. 1 1 7 leegtiei in circnmfer-
ence. I(P wef|<am jpart ti npt more than
10 milfe £t>m the S. W^ coaft of Mcxi
CO. It fende it* waters caft to the
Qcean« by a fpaciouM river of its name»
which divides the province of Nicaragua
from Cofta Tfiko* This tenders the
towns on the bankt of the lake of conii-
peraNe importance, particularly the ci-
tic;s of Granada, Leon, and Nicaragua.
The firft is oil the fouth fide in lat. 1 1.
I. N. and long. 8$. ii, W. and is 45
miles weftward of the city of Nicaraeua,
th,it (lands at fome diitance fonth from
the lake. Leon is at the weft end of the
lake, and in lat. i a. N.and long. S7> ^«
The lake is interfperred with leveral ifl-
ands, and full of tifh, but infe^cd with
alligators. Nicaragua river empties in-
to tnie Tea, oppoOte to the iflqinidof Moh-
glares^ N. lat. ^ i . 40. W, lonj^ 8t. 4.7.
NiCKKAQV^* a maritime province of
Mexico, having Honduiap on the north,
tlie North Sea on the eaft. Coda Rico
on the 8. £. and the South Sea on the
S. W. It is about 400 milbs long, and
izo broad. The aif is wbolefo^e and
tenlperate,, and the foil fertile, pi, -vducing
Quantities of fu^'^^ cochiiieai, and 6ne
chocolate. This is confldered as the
garden of America ; being fo pleafant
and fruitful, that when the Spaniards firft
Vifited it, they called it Mahomet's pa-
radile.
Nicholas, Caie St. the north-weft
extremity of the ifland of St. Domingo,
i^ the Weft- Indies. It is 2 leagues V/ .
of the town of its nime, but tpw e com-
monly called The Mt^e, 9 9r 10 leagues
eaft of Cape Mayzi, at the eaft end of
the ifland uf Cuba, apd4.fi leagues north-
eaft by north of Cape Dame Marie, and,
^•\xh this laft rape, forms the entrance
into the large bay called the Bight of
Leogane^ Sec Tbt Mole.
mcHOLAS, Port St. on the coaft of
Pcrui ill S. America, lies north of Port
St. John, about a league to leeward of
the river Mafca, and 6 leagues S. S. E.
of Port Cavallo. It is iafer than St.
John's harbour, but affords neither
wood nor water.
JNICKAJA£K, an Indiap town on the
S. E. (tde of TenneJTee river, at the point
of a large bend, about %i miles north-
eaft of the Creek's Crofling Place.
Half way between thefe lies the Crow
Towu on the fame fide of the river. '
N I O 37^
NiCKiR, one of the fiMQ V!i«!if Ifl-
ands,rituatedbetwcen.\negadaand Vit*, .
gin Oorda, on the latter ofwhifh it t$dt*'
pendent. N.Ut. it.io.W;laiigi6j. 5*!
NicHOLA, or NiehU Towm Otit, on
the nortb-caft coaft of tha ifland of 8u
Chriftophcr**. ,
NicoYA» or St' txcjun % town of
Cofta Rico, in tht klligdoni of Mexico*
North- America* bavin|[a.barboUr,ona
bay of the North PaciM Occaiu in la't.
10. 10. N. and kmg. tl. iq. W. A*
bout 10 leagues ia the bay of Salinaa,
froni whence the inhabitants of thia,
place procure and fend to Panama tba
turple juice of a flwlUfifli found in il«
efides fait, honey, mail. . fowls and
wheiit ) and here is alfo a oearl fllhery.
The town is up within the 1;^* but,
ftiips ride in the river Cipanfo. aleagtiea ,
to the I^. W. fr9m the ifand of Chira»
to take in goods fixmi it ^ which river ia
navigable for large periajpias that brinr
do^n th^ goods to the ,fhips. The ifl-
and of Chira affords plenty of frei^ wa»
texami provisos.
NiCTAitr, a riv;rr of Nova-Scotiii^!
which waters the townfliip of Aonapo-
lis ; on its banks arc guantitiea of bog,
and mountain ore. A bloopvery haa
been erc£led in the town.
Nic VE sa; Qi^.^, is on t)ie eaIl,coaft
of tlye counuy of Hondqras, ni; i^t
Spanii^ Main, having Cape <jrrac|aa •
Dios for its ncf tl) limit, and Cape Bu|n«.
CO, on the fo^th } Catharine, or Provi>
dence, is due eaft from it.
Njebe, or yejtbt, a bay and river on,
the fouth coaft of the ifland of St. Do-
ming6. The bay is fituated at noirth-
north-eaft from Cape Beata. N. lat.
x8. 3. W. long. 73. 46.
NiBVA Iflamt, liesfouth-weffof M>f-
take Bay, and on the north-eaft fide of
Hudfon's St i aits.
NiEVA Terra, near the eaft end of
Huitibn's Straits, in J^d^h- America, in
lat. 61. 4. N.'and long. 67. 7. W.'and
has big^ ^a^er on the fpring-tkde daya
at 50 mm. paft 9 o'.clock.
NiOANiCHfi, an ifland on the coaft of
Cape Breton' Ifland, and in the fouth
part of* the Gulf of St.. Lawrei^ce, is to
the fduthward of a cape ibiaxi 4 leaguea
fouth'^fouth-weft of AcRepe harbour*
and .8 leagues from North Cape.
N|o,va, a jriver on the fouth iideof
the ilfland of St. Domingo. Its mouth
is 7 leagues eaft of die Nifiw. The
'Aa4 rivera
f><^
Hft
iM^ Mbf^taijvfim an netTtry fiii
Et ihtu they idmiM firom their
pit ibty fcccdc OrMii ci|ch other,
NtaNrhiimiBg wdlwanl from the
Utttcr.. Bflween them He« an cxtcnfive
. did fcttUc ^ain. Thc(|«mtitTofpure
cold that was dug from lu cavitin, its
S%iti c0ceai Migoj and other phinta*
ticMiti Mid ihKlca. of a gnatcr amount
tlua tboA tMKre paid by all the Spanifii
pirt of the Miad put together. All
tMe riMrs night be cafily rendered
aildjM lie. The psbrUh and finall town
.«f Niguia contain about t^seo perfima,
. i^rtly free people of colour.
NlNtTY-Six, a diftrift of the up|«r
^CROK^ir of South-Carolina, weft of
Orapgiburg diftri6t, and comprehend*
^ coontiee of l^gefield, Abbeville,
2«*urena» and Newbury. It conuini
33,674. white inhabitanti, ftndi la re-
tfreftntatiTes and 4 ftntton to the State
Ngiflature, 3 of die f<Niner and one of
tm latter for each county, and one
inember to Conjptrf'i. It orodueet con*
lid«rable quantities of tobacco for ex-
poHatloo. Chief town, Camiridgtt or,
«i U #ai formerly called, ItinetjSix,
«diich itf £0 miles weft by north of Co-
Ibmbia, 147 north-weft of Charlefton,
^ noith of Aoeufta in Georgia, and
^os from Philadelphia. InMay, 17S1,
this town was dolely befteged by Gen.
Grectt, and Iravefy defended by the
m^tifli, commanded by Col. Cnigcr.
NiPBGON, \ large river which emp-
ties into Lake 8\iperior, from the north-
lArard. It leads to a tribe of the Chip.
ttewas, wlio inhabit near a lake of the
nunfe iiame. Not far from the Nip. gon
b a fmall river, that, juft before it enters
tbe.lake, has a perpendicular fall, from
|lte top of a mountain of 600 fieet. It
h very narrow, and appears like a white
gaiter fiifpended in the air.
i^iria«!NO Late is north-eaft of
jLkke H'tfOtii and connefted with it by
Fitnth river.
' NlPisiGViT,afmalIvilla|reof New-
BrunlWick, on the ibuthern iideof Cha-
|eurBay,iiU)»bited by Roman Catholics^
tbove I a leaj^es W. of Cak'aquit Ifland }
btetween which and )*oint Mafanette, are
the capes of ?biquehaw. At this village
a nunrber of eoaftinf^ traders touch dur-
^g the ibmmer, where (hey purchafe uf
fhe inhabitants cod-^ aiid (^ImoRa a«
<^i(biit4th^s, pdtty, aAd (bnie furs.
||j^i»|tis. Xodtoitt it^bltwy-aear
N O t
th^ head watera eif the Ottowas riiTcr.
Warriors, 300.
NtsAO. a river whicb rUcs in the
centre of the ifland of 8t ]!)omingo,
and falls into tlic Aa' on the fouth fide,
and on the wefterrt fide of the , point of
its name} y leagues W. of Ni|ua river.
Ni8(^t7avNiA, a ftttlemoit hi the
State of New. York, above the city of
Albany. This is the principal (eat of
the fociety called Shakers. A few of
this ftft came firom England bi 1774}
and a few others are featured Ln differ.,
eiit parts of the country.
NiTTAHv Mouatabi, in Pennfylva.
nia, is between the Juniatta and the W.
branch of Sufquchannah river.
N1VBRNOI8, a large bay at the eaft
end of Lake Ontario.
NiXOiiTON, a poft-town of N. Caro.
line, and capital of Fafquotank county)
lies on the northern water of A'.bemarle
Sound, and contains a court>houfe, gaol,
and a few dwelling-houfes. It » ig
miles N. £. of Edenton, and aH S, W.t
of Philadelphia. ^
NoBLBBOROUGH, a towndiip in
Lincohi co. Diftrid of Maine, incorpo.
rated in 17SS, and containa 516 uihabl.
tants. It is 10 miles S. E. of New-
Caftle, and 191 N. £. of Bofton.
NoBLEBORovoH, a townfliip in th,:
north- eaftem part of Herkemer county,
New- York, fituated on the noith weft>
em fide of Canada Creek.
NocKAMixoN, atownlhip in Buck's
CO. Pennfylvania.
NODDLE's^ff</, a fmall pleafant and
fertile itland in Bolton harbour, Mafla-
chufetts. It is about z miles eaft-north'
eaft of the town, on the Chelfea fhore.
It is occupied as a farm, and yields
laree quantities of excellent hay.
No D w A Y, a river or i-ather a long bay
which communicates with Jaincs' Bay,
at the S. E. extremity of Rupert's river,
Noia, or Black River, in Louifiana,
inns fouthward, and joins Ilogue or
Red River; which fee.
NoiR, Ctift, on the S. W. coaft of
the ifland ot Terra del Fuego, at the
entrance of the Straits of Magellan. S.
lat. 54. zo. W. long, 73. 13-
NOiR, Captf or Black dape, on the
northern fide of Chakur Bay, is about
7 leagues W. N. W. of Bonaventiue,
Noix, 0f 4», or Nul IJlf, a fmall ifle
of jo acres, near the noith end of Lnke
Chaihplain* iuyi Withio the province of
Lower
NOO
Lowpr Cmtda. Here the Srklfli h«Yf I
• gar^ifon containing leo men. It it I
•bant 5 milea'N. N. E. of the mouth of
La Cole riveri ao N. of Ifle La Mottc»
and la or is foutliward of St. John*s.
NOLACHVCR Y, a river in the vaAem
part of the State of Tenne(&e, wntch
run» W. 8. W. into French Broad ri-
ver, about 16 miles (rpm Holftein river.
Near the baisica of thia river Greenville
College ia eftabliflted.
NoLiN Creekt a branch of preen ri-
ver in Kentucky. The land here ia of
an inferior quality.
NoMAN^ /.anti IflatidtXxtt a little 8.
W. of Martha^a Vineyard, and is about
% miles long anii 1 broad. It belongs
to Du|ce*8 CO. MaflTachufetts. N. lat.
^t. 15. W. Ions'. ?»• 5«
NoMBRB DE Dios, aport to the S.
8. E. of the cape to the faitwiird of Per.
to Bello, on the Spanifh Main, or N.
coaltofS. Americn, at the di fiance of
about 7 leagues. It is at the bottom of
a large deep bay, being wide to the
eaft fide in lat. o. 43. N. and long. 7S'.
35. W. The idaivls called Baftimentos
are in this bay. Large veflcis feldom
tirequent this u:irt now, although there
is fi'om 5 to 8 fathoms and clean ground.
Experience pointed out that they were
in danrer of foundering at anchor, fuch
is the niry with which the fea pours in-
to the bay. Thofe veflfels that n^
vifit it, if their bufincfs require any ftay,
f refer riding at the Ballimentos, or at
'orto Bello.
NoMBRE DE Dtos, on the W. coaft
of Mexico, fttuated on the North Paci-
fic Ocean, is a large and populous town,
a little 10 the northward of the tropic of
Cancer, and zo leagues to the north of
Guadalaxara. N. lat. 23. 3S. W.
long. 104.
Nonesuch, a river of Cumberland
Co. Diftridt of Maine. It pa/les to the
fea through the town of Scarborough;
and receives its name from its extraor-
dinary frefhcts.
Nonesuch, a harbour at the E. end
of the illand of Amigira. The road is
foul and full of rocics ; and it hns not
more than 6 or 8 feet water, except in
one place, which if very difficult.
. •NooRTPfl/Zitiontlitcoaftof Chili, isthe
t\:.n\\ point of the baV or port of Coquim-
bo, the, other is called Point Tortugas.
NoOH E E V A, one of the Ingrahani Ifl-
%i^]Pj i|id to be tl^e prent o? tliein all,
N O H J7r
fituatcd about to kagaca 9. W, ofOea-
hoona. Capt. Koberra mtmd it Jldmtii
it ia the fkme which Ingraham caHeriA-
drral IjUuuL The lat. of tfic body of
the illand is I. 5S. S. and nearly in th«
ttmr meridian with Wooape, betwtca
140. and 140. lo.W.loiw.ffORiGKtaea*
wich. All accounts of the iiativca con-
curred, lays Capt. Roberta, in rcprcftnt-
ing it as populous and fruitful, and to
have a large bay with good anchorage.
NooTKA, or King Geon^^t Stmid,
on the N. W. coaft of North- America,
ia very extenfive. That r-rt of it where
the Ihips under Capt. < .jc anchored,
lies in lat. 49. 36. N. and lone. 1 16. 4a.
W. fromGiieenwich. Capt. Cook Judg-
ed the found to occupy a degree and «
half in latitude, and two of longitude,
exclufive of its arms and branches un-
explored. The whole found is fur-
reundcd by high land, in many placea
broken and rugged, and in general co-
vered with wood to the very top. The
natives were numerous and were in pof-
iefiion of iron and beads t which proba-
bly were conveyed to them acrofs tht
continent fram Hudfon*s Rav. ' They
are rather below the middle (ize,' and
befmear their bodies with red paint, but
their faces are bedaubed witti varloiu
colours. The Strait dc Fufgo encora-
paflls the large cluftcr of iflands among
which this found is fituated. See Fuca^
PihtarJ, WaJhingiOtt IJlands, ami North'.
Weft Coaft. It was tormally taken pof.
feflion ot Sy Lieti tenant Pcarce of the
Britifh nai^y, in 1795, in the name of
his Britannic Majelty.
NoRD, Riodfly or Rio Bravo. Seie;
North River, in the gulf of Mexico.
Norfolk,, a )K)pulous maritime
county of MaflachuTetts, lately taken
from the fouthem part of Suffolk co.
and lies to the ibuthward around the
town and harbour of Boiton. It con-
tains 20 townfhips, of which Dedham ia
theleat of juftice. Number of inhabi-
tants £4,180.
Norfolk, a populous county of
Virginia, boundeti north by James''8 ri.^
ver, which divides jt from Warwick.
It contains 14,5x4 inhabitants, includ-
ing 5.345 Oaves, -ft *
NORFOLK, a port of entry and poft- 37/
town and feat of juftice in the above
county, on the eait iide of Elizabeth
river, immediately below the confluence
of the eaftera branch. ItisthemofI
confiiierable
$S$^ M OR
waMtnhk commcKial town in Vkgi.
tiaia* The chaimclofthe river U from
«S» to Aoe jmrdt wklcr Mid at common
iood tide Im» if ftfft water up to ib«
lawn. The harbour U iUc and com*
•Mdioua, and laigc cnoi^ to contain
«oe fliipa. It wat b«rnt on the |ift of
January^ i776,bYfhft Liverpool man of
war, bv oide'. of the BritiAt fovemor
I^rd Duaiucrv^ and the lofe Huaounted
to ^3eo»ouo ttcf Jiag. It now contain*
about 500 ,4»velling*heufef, a court-
iour«»)taol. ajiepikopal ind mcthodift
<hu»cb, a tAeaire, and an acaderov. In
>70o, it contaiacd 1,959 inhabitants,
iulnding >a94 ilavcs. The town ia
fuvcmcdby a mayor aiid feveral alder-
men. It catriea oa a hriflc trade to the
WefUIadiea, Europe* and the different
States, Rnd conftitutr», with Portfmouth,
«>hicb ftandi on the oppoTtte fide of the
fiver, A port of entry. The exports for
oueyeai, ending Sept. 30th, 1794, a-
aaoiuited to i,6<o,7p dollars. A ca.
imI. of i 6 qailes in length, is now cutting
Irom the north branch of Albemarle
found in. N. Carolina, to tiw w.iters of
tltt S. branch of Eliiaheth river. It
will communicate with Elisabeth river
f miles from Norfolk. Merchant veflels
•f the largeti (ize may go within a mile
lirom the mouth of the canci { and here,
Che water being freOi, the worm, which
does fuch damage to veflEils in Nortblk
and Poi tiinouth, will not »Se£t them.
It i» 1 14, miles E. S. E. of Richmond,
54 from Williamfliurgh, *,o N. E. of
Suffolk, aod 3S9 S. by W. of Philadel-
f hia. K. lat. 36. 55. W. long. 76. tt.
Norfolk, a townfliip in Litchfield
CO. Conneilicut, 15 miles N. of Litch-
field, on the Maflachulfctts line.
Norman, Cap*t on the weft coaft of
N . vfoundland ifland, is on the gulf of
£ . Lawrencr, and the weltcrn entrance
of the narrow bay of Mauco, lo leagues
iiom CapeFcrroi. N. lat. 51. 39. W.
^t 55* $*• High water at full and
change days at 9 e^clock.
HoKOUH A IJtaM/, FerdmanJo, in the
S. Pacific Ocean, laid dow^ in lat. 3.
56. feuth, and long 31. 3S. weft. Cap-
, tain Cook Kt9 his lecond voyage, looked
* %r it in^ng. 3a. 5. but did not find it.
No«mDGft»rALK, m Utrruigtwockt
apeil.townin Lincoln co. on|Cenne-
^ck river, Maine, incorporated in r788,
and contains 376 inhabitants. It is 10
aaika weft of Canaan* 139 N. by £. of
NOR
Bofton, and 5I7 nortb-ea(| of Philadcl*
phia* iW Indian town of thia larae
flood about 40 mile* above Fort H»ii-
fax, where Kennebeck river, as yofi af-
cend it, after taking a fouth*wcttwi^d
couriit, turns to the northward, and
forma a point where the town ftood.
It was deftroyed by a party under CpL
Harman, in ifH*
NoRRiTON, the principal town in
Montgomery co. PamfvivaniSf is about
so miles N. W. of Philadelphia, on the
N. bank of th# Schuylkill, having about
so bodies a court-houfe and gaol, am( a
handfbme edifice of ftone for the pre-
fervation of records, and an obfervatory.
This town was the refidence of that ce-
lebrated philofopher and philanthro-
phift, Dr. Davik Ritinbtmft, In his
Obftrvaitrft near his manfion houfe, he
was interred, agreeably to his requcft^
June, 1790. His tomb Ao|ie contain^
nothing but his name and the fimpfe
record of the days and years of hia birth,
and death. ** Here, (I'ayi the elegant
writer of his rulogy, Dr. R(*fli) mall
the philofophers of future ages refort to
do homage to hiy tomb, and children
yet unlMrn (hall point to the doma
which covers it, and exultingly fay,,
.*« Xhere lies our RitteMhufr."
NOKl^H AMERICA .comprehend*
all that pait of the contii^cnt of America
which lies ^. of the ifthmus of Darien,
extending N. and S. from about the
loth degree of N. latitude to the North
Pole ; and E. and W. from the Atlan-
tic to the Pacific Ocean, between the
57th and 1 68th degrees of W. longitude
from Greenwich. Beyond the 7otli
degree N. lat. few Jiiicoveries have beeii
made. North- America wa» difcovereci^
in 1495, in the reign of itenry VIII. ,by
John Cabov, a Venetian { and was thei^
thickly inhabited by Indians> It is now
fuppoied that there U'c not mo*-e thai^
two millions and an half oi the Abori-
gines in North and Soiath America.
In July, 1779, Cant. Cook proccede<^
as far as lau 7 1 , when he came to a Co'
lid body of ice from continent to cpn-
tiuent. The vaft trafl of countiy,
bounded W. by the Pacific Ocean,
S. and E. by California, New-Mexi-
co and Louiliana— the United States,
Canada and the Atlan'.ic Ocean, and ex-
tcndine as fiar north as the country is
habitable, (a few fcattcred Britiih^
Frenchj and ibmc ather European iet,-
taenia
I
<4
'C
u
B
2
NOR
tlcfiMfilt flWfptrd) it inhftbUtil wholly
by varioui mtioaa uid tribn of ImlUnt.
Tbe Indiana alio poA«rt larf r traAt of
country within th« 8puii(h, American,
and BritlAi dominioM. Thofie parts of
North- America, not inhabited by lii.
diaiM, belong (if ^"« include OrrenUnd)
to Denmark, Great Britain, the Ame-
rican State*, and Spain. Spain clkim*
Eall and Wirft Florida, and all W. of
the Miflifippi, and 8. of the northern
hflundarieaoftheLouirmna, New Mcx.
•CO, and Califemta. Great Britain
daima all the country innahitad by Eu-
ropeans, lying N. and E. of the United
States, except Greenland, which be-
longs to Denmark. The remaining
part is the territory of the Sixteen Unit-
ed Statef. The particular provinces
and States, are exhibited in tlie follow-
ing table.
NOIL
Sff
Be.
long
to.
if
TABLE.
Countrln, Pr$m
vinctit and
Smm.
Well- Greenland.
f New Britain
i I Upper- Canada
J I Lower- Canada
I ; Newfoundland
^ ^ Cape Breton Ifland
'S New Bniiil'wick ?
^ I Nova- Scotia 7 j
l.St. John's Ifland J in i
Ifymhr ^
anti.
10,0000
unknown
ao,ooo
1)0,000
7,000
1,000
35,000
783 5,000
'C
u
B
<k
Vm
■0
3
V)
<
'Vermont S5»5?9
NewHampfl]ire 141,885
Maflachufetts 7 378,787
Diftri^l of Maine S 96154-0
khode-iaand 68,815
Connecticut a37*94<^
New- York 340,120
New-Jerfey 184,139
Pennfylvania 434-1 371
Delaware 59i094
Mary and 3«9>7*8
Virginia 747»6io
Keniucicy 73><>77
North Carolina 391>75i
South-Carolina H9i073
Georgia 82,548
TennelTee, in 1795, 77iaoo
TerritoryN. W. <^Qhi^
trSaft-Plorida
Wdl-PlorkU
JLottiliana
S New.Mtxko
Calilbmh
I Mexko, or New-Spdn*
NOftTHAMrTOM* • brft iHMVfD CO.
ofPcnnrvlvaniai ftHiated mtht N. B.
comer or the State on OalaeraM river*
which feparatee it from iW 8tatt«f Niww
Jerfcy and New- York. It ia divkM
mto »7 townlbips, and coataina a4,*S0
inhabitants
NoRTHAMrroN, a townfliip ia
Buck's CO. Pennfylvania.
Northampton, a town in Nordi-
ampton co. Pennfylvania, on th« 8. W.
bank of Lehigh river, j or ( mtlea 8. W«
of Bethlehem.
Northampton, a co. of Halifim
diftriA, N. Carolina, bounded north hy
the Sta'e of Virginia, contaiimg ^tfkt
inhabitanta, iniliHling 4,409 flaves.
Northampton, a maritime co. r*
Virginia, fituated on the point of the
penmfula, which forma the E. fidtof
the entrance into Chefapeak Bay. It
has the ocean E. and Accomack co. on
the north. Its fouthcm extremity ia
Cape Charles, in lat. 37. 11. N. and
long. 75.57. W. eflf which is the fmall
ifland called Smith's iflami. This coon.
ty contains 6,889 inhabitanta, inclndmr
^,t44fl«ves. The lands are low and
fandy.
Northampton Coiir/-MN;/},inthe
above co. where a poft-oflke ia kept, ia
40 milea S. by W. of Accomack courts
lioufe, 43 north-eaft of Norfolkf and %iy
ibuth of Philadelphia.
Northampton, a reluedable poft*
town and capital of Hampfliire co. Ma£-
fachufetts, fituated within a bend of
Conne£licut river, on its W. fide, 40
miles north of Hartford, in ConneAieot
and too W. of Botton. It containa a
fpacious congregrational church, a courts
hQufe, gaol, and about U 50 dwelling*
houfes, many of which aregtnteel btrild*
ings . Its n^eadows are extenfive and fer*
tile ; and it carries on a coniiderable in-
land ti-ade. This townlhip wif.tncor.
porated in 1685, and coi.taina u6at
inhabitants. ,1^
Northampton, atownflii|p inBu.-.
lington CO. New-Jerfey, which containa
about 56,000 acres, half of which ia
under improvement) the other half ia
moftly
S«9 NOR
moftly pine barren, Tbft chief place
of the townfhip is calkfi Mount HtJl^.
It contains about 150 houfest an Eptf-
copai churchy a Frter4'smeeting>houre,
and a tnarket-houfe. It is ftx miles from
Trenton, ant) »9 from Phil^eiphia* See
MmmtHoUy.
NORTHBOROVGH, a townlhip in
Wmxvfterco. Maflrachufetts, formerly
the northern part of Weftborough. It
was incorporated in 1760, and contains
649 inhabitants* It is 10 miles E. of
Woncefter, ^id 36 W. of Bofton.
KoRTHiaiPGE, a townfliip in Wor-
cefter co. Maflachuirtts, taken from
UxbridG:ef which bounds it on the S.
•It was incorporated in i77», and con-
taint 569 inhabitants. Biackflone river
runs through this town. It is i » miles
«. by E. of Worceftcr, and 45 S. W.
•fBofton.
NORTH- CAROLINA, one of the
United States, is bounded N. by Vir-
einia; E. by the Atlantic Ocean; S.
\pf S. Carolina, and W. by the State of
Tennel&e. It lies between 33. 50, and
j6. 60 N. lat. and between 76. t. and
83. S. W. long, being about 450 miles
in length, and iSo in breadth, contain-
ing, about 31,000 fquare miles. The
(}iAri£ks i»f this State are claffcd in three
Jividons, via. The Eajitm diftri^s,
Mdnttoit^ KewierH, and Wilrmngion —
the MiJMt Diftii&SyFajettevilUy Hittf-
htrougbt aiKi Ualifax-^xnd the IVejUrn
di1{ri£ls, Morgan and Salijbury. The
eaftem diftrifts are on the l<:a-coaft, ex-
tending from the Virginia line fouth •
ward to S. Carolina. The five others
cover the whole State» W. of the mari-
time diftri^ts^ and the greater part of
then) extend acrofs the State from N. to
S. Thefe diftri^is are fubdivided into
5^ counties which contained, in 1790,
31)3»75'' inhabitants, of whom 100,571
were (laves. The chief rivers of N.
Carolina are Chowan and its branches,
Roanoke, Tar, Neus, and Cape Fear or
Clarendon. Moftof thefe and the fmalU
er rivers have bars at their mouths ; and
the eoaft fumiflies no good harbours ex-
cept Cape Fear. There are two re-
niarkable/u>/»Di^/ in this State, the one
iu Currituck cc the other on the line
between this State and Virginia, See
Currituei County x iid Dipnat. The moft
remarkahley<M(/((£r are Albemarle, Pam-
lico and Core Sotinds— 'the cap€Si Look-
out, Uatteras and Fear; whi^h aredcf-
N O R
cribed under their ref^ieAire names,
Newbecn is the largcft town in the State }
the other towns of note are 'Edcnton,
Wilmington, Halifax, Hilliborough,
Saliibuiy, and Fayetteville; <|acl) of
which have been, in their turns, the
feat of the general aflcmbly.' Raleigh,
fituated near the centre of the State, has
lately been eftablifhed as the metropolis.
N. Carolina, in its whole width, for
60 miles from the fea, is a dead level.
A great propoition of this traA lies in
fbreft, and is ban en. On the banks of
ibme of the rivers, particularly of the
Roanoke, the land is fertile and good.
Interfperled through the other parts,
are glades of rich fwamp, and ridges of
oak land, of a black, fertile foil. Sixty
or eighty miles from the fea, the coun-
try riles into hills and mountains, as in
S. Carolina and Georgia, Wheat, rye,
barley, oats and flax, grow well in the
back hilly country. Indian corn and
pulfe of all kinds, in all parts. Cotton
and hemp arc alio confiderably cultivat-
ed here, and might be raifed in mucn
greater plenty. The cotton is planted
yearly ;- The ftalk dies with the froft,
The labour of ' on? man wiH produce
1000 pounds in the feeds, or 150 fit fir
manufafturing. A great proportion of
tlie produce of the back country, ccn-
filting of tobacco, wheat, Indian corn^
&c. IS carried to market in S. Carolina
and Virginia. The fouthem interior
counties carry their produce to Charlef-
town, and the northern to Pettifburg, in
Virginia. The exports from the lower
parts of the State, are tar, pitch, turpen.
tine, rofm, Indian corn, boards, icant-
ling,ltaves, fhingles,furs, tobacco, pork,
laiKl, tallow, bees-wax, myrtle-wax, and
a few other articles, amoimting in the
year, end inpc September 30th, i7y.T, to
524,548 dollars. Their trade is chief-
ly with the Weft-Indies and the north-
em States. In the flat country near the
fea-coaft, the inhabitants, during the
fummcr and autumn, are fub}e£l to in-
termitting fevers, which often prove fa-
tal, as bilious or nervous fymptoms pre-
vail. The wefteni hilly parts of the
State are as healthy as any part oi Ame-
rica. That country is fertile, full of
fprings and rivuletj'of pure water. Au-
tumn is v-ry pleafant, both in regard
to the te >erature and ferenity of the
weather* and the richnefs and variety
of the vegetable |iroduAi(Wi8| which the
fealbii
won
(AM ilfSirA: Thte wihteri iir^ fbinttd
in rome ftiti» ttMt Uutathn Mijr bk IMU
to cohtiMie tin rpriM^. Wbeit harvett
is in the bcginnini^ oi Jane, and thM 6f
Indian corn tarty in Sej^teiniiU^.
The large MUmd growth bf tfiie
plains^ in the low country, is almoft
uniTerl&Ily pitch pine> MrHich is a tall
handibnne tree, ftr fuperibr to the ^itdh
phe of the northern States. This tree
may be called the ftaple connnodity'of
N.Carolina. It afforas pitch, tar, tvtr-
pentine, and various kinds of lumber,
which» together, coWftitute at lead one
half of thp exports of this State. No
country produces finer lArhite and red
oak for naves. The fwamps abound
with cyprefs and bay trees. The latter
is an evergreen* and is food for the
cattle in winter. The mifletoe is com-
mon in the back country. This is a
flirub, which diiicrs in kimi, pei'haps,
from all others. It never grows out of
the earth, but on the t<^S of trees. The
roots (if they may be fo called) rtin un-
iler the bark of the tree, and incorporate
with the wood. It is an evergreen rc-
fcmbling the garden box-\^rood. The
kte war, by which N. Carolina was
greatly injured, put a ftop to feveral
iron-works. There are four or 'five fur-
naces in the State, tbatalie in blaifi,Tind
a proportionable number of forges. The
weitern parts of this State, which have
teen fettled within the Uft 40 years,
are chiefly inhabited by Prefbyterians
from Pennfylvattia, the ddcehdants df
people from the North 6f Irtland^ ahd
are exceedingly attached to the doArlnes,
difc inline and ufages of the church of
Scotland. Th-^r are a regular induftri-
oiis people. The Moravians have fe<
Vei al flonriHung fettlements in the upper
art of this State. The FriendS or Qua-
ers have a fettlemcnt in New-Garden in
Guildford co, and feveral congfcgations
at Pcquiralns and Pafquotank. The
Mcthoilifts and Baprifts are numerous
and increafing. The General Affembly
of N. Carolina, in December, 1789,
pafll'd a law incorporating 40 gentle-
men, 5 from each diftrift, as truftees of
the Univerfity of N. Carolina. The
State -has given handlbme donations for
he endowment of this feminary. The
General Aflembty, in December, 1791,
loaned ^5,000 to the truftees, to enable
them to proceed immediately with their
buiidln^r. There is. a «%ry good aca-
I
Iff OR Hi
AOmf «t WaniMtMii wdtiMr it WV.*
IhMiftiflrpai^r >H anmvilk^ iM tmia
or four others in the Sttte* oC eodWr*
Wli ntkei NQkk-Cirin& hu IMd s
rAi»idgr6^hi laehcyMrbftbitttdn-
tawed but «b«ut tio*%ncilmineii. Li
'794i the number was efttm»tcd«tadfat
jo6be. It ii no«v. iiiptiint flf iiMi<'^^crs»
«He fourth Stiaee 1* (he Itaion^ BytHe
ConftitiitiMi »f thil 'StiXei #Mcb ««» ci-
tified in DecMibcr 1796^ ill if|>iArtti*«
^tithority to ♦efted in tkM^ tlHktaift
briiMe1tk», bdih di)Mmdent «n ilte peufitp
viz. a SenMcahd ttduAs «>f Oham&nb,
.which, wit^i convened fde ba&va&i are
ftyled the General AXtmhif. Tikit^
nate is eompbred df rcprttfebtatlvek, iHe
frdm eich cotiilty, chofen kiibualW bjr
Halbt. The HbU It; of Commons confilw
of neprefentatives chofen In the fame wa]r»
2 for each county ,'< and one for each of
the towns of BdentUiii, Iftwbem, Wil.
mihgton, Sanibury, Hilliboroagh^ Malt:,
fax, and F^yetteville. The hillbty (ftf
North Cardliba is ^tfs Intown than tbit
ofany<ri^herof till; States. From Ae
heft accoiints th^t hiftdry affordt, the
firft permanent fettlenMtit in North43i.
rolina was made about the year fjlth,
by atitntiber of Palatiriis frbin Gertnkny»
who had been reditced to Ctrcamftarrcea
of great indigence, by a Calamitcnss wii*.
,Tbe infant colony remained ufldifr the
general government ed' South-tSarolinay
till about the year i7»9> when 7 of tile
proprietors, for a valuable confTideratioO^
Vetted their property and jUrifdrftion in
♦he crown 5 and the colT>ny was tt^^
into a feparate province, by the naiHt bf
North'iCarolbia, and its prcfent Kmk»
eftablUhed by an order of Gcoi^ H.
North-Castlb, atownfhipof New-
W)rk, in Weft-Chefter c'». north 6f
Mount Pleafant, and the White Plairft
on the borders of ConneflicUt. In 1 796,
It contained 2,478 inhabitants. In )7$1i»
there -•ere 173 of the inhabitants quali-
fied eieAors. It is- to miles from White
Plains, and safrom Ridgefield in Con-
ne6ticut.
North- East-, a fmall riVerv<rhic1»
empties in at the head af Chefape.-^k
Bay, about 5 nriles below Chnrleftowrt{
only noticeable for the quantity other-
rings caught in it.
NoRTH-E AST-Town, atownlbipin
DiitcheCs CO. New- York i about 90 miles
N. of New- York city j between Rhyn*
beck and Connecticut well Unr. In
179a
i^fs NO R
■ Miffo it eotataiiMil s*4f > IlihabkM(i.
In tn6 tlicre woein it syi^qiaaliiiied
• ufenMn*
NoftTH-SoiSTO tabtf on th« coaft
flf 8» GvoUnSf ii 1 1 milet from Stono
inlet, ud I £. N. E. from South
Cdifto.
NoKTHBRN JrcUpelag9 confift* of
■ fevciral groups of Iflands» which we
fituatsd between the caftenl coaft of
Kamtlchatka» in Afia» and the wettern
coaft of. America. Thefe iilanda are
tircquented on accoont of their valuable
furs. If the accounts of navigators who
have vifitsd than may be cmiited, the
ntatk perftA equality reigns among thefe
inlanders } t\uy live in the primitive
Ctffiarclnil manner* and every perfon
iks upon his ifland as a pofleflion, the
property of which is common to all the
mdividusls of the fame fociety. They
£atm cold and indiftrent in n:oft of
their a&ions i but kt an injury or even
a fofpicion roufe them from this phleg-
matic ftate> they become inflexible and
Anrtouty taking the moft violent re-
vcnge, without any reeard to the con-
fiquences . The k^ amiAion prompts
. tirnn to fuicide.
NORTHFiBLD> a townfhipin Orange
cOf Vermont^ between lo and 30 miles
.W* of Newburyy in the W. pait of the
county.
NoRTKPiBLDt a thriving townfliip,
ia'the N. part of Hampfhire co. Maf-
£ichufctts i fituated oit the £. fide of
ConneAicut river, , 30 miles N. of
Morthamptouy .100 N. W. by W. of
Bofton. It contains 86S inhabitants.
The town was incorporated in 176],
and fi>me ye^r' after delblated by the
Indians. The inliabitants returned
again in 1685, but it was foon after de-
ftroved a fecond time. In 171 3 it was
again rebuilt, and one third of the
townfliip was taken oiF, and incorporated
by the name of Hinfdale. Fort Dum-
merwas in the vicinity of this town.
NoRTHFiELD, a fmall town in
Rockingham co. New-Hampfliire taken
from danterbury, on the £. fide of
Merrimack river, and incorporated in
l7<o. It contained 606 inhabitants.
NoRTHFiELD, a townfliip in Rich-
mond county, Staten>iflamt, New-
York, containing loii inhabitants, in-
cluding 133 qualified elc£lors, and 133
.flaves.
North Hampton, a townlhtp of
NOR
New.Hampdiire, in Rockinghmir co.
which contains 657 inhabitants, taken
from Hampton and incorporated in
«74*.
North-Havbn, a townfliip of Con-
ne£ltcut, fituated in New.Havei^ co. on
the E. fide of Eaft river, f miles N. by
E. of New-Haven, and 3s S. by W. of
Hartford. It was fettled in 1660 by 35
men, principally from Saybrook. This
town is the birth-place of that learned,
Eious and excellent man. Dr. ExraStilck,
ite prefident of Yale college.
North-Hempstead, a townfhip
inQy^een's co. Long-Ifiand, Ncw.Y(^k,
bounded eafterly by Oyfter Bay, north-
erly by the found, and fouth by South-
Hempltead. In 1790, it contained
1696 inhabitants, of whom 507 were
flaves. In 1796, 231 of the inhabi-
tants were qualified elcAors. The foil
is but indifferent.
North-Huntihgton, a townfliip
in Weftmoreland co. Pennfylvania.
North Ijland, on the coaft of South-
Carolina, lies on the north fide of Win-
yah harbour. ^
Northlined Laktt in N. Ameri-
ca, IS about 160 miles S. of the head of
Chefterfield Inlet j is full jf iflands, and
about So miles long, and 25 broad.
North Kingstown, a town in
Waflungton co. Rhode-Ifland, which
carries on a confiderable trade in the
fiflieries, befides fome to the Weft- In.
dies. Its harbour is called Wick.'brd,
on the weft fide of Narraganfet Bay,
oppofite the north end df Csnonnicut
Ifland. It is about 8 miles north-weft
of Newport, and ao foutherly of Provi-
dence. The townfliip contains 2,907
inhabitants.
North Mountain, one of the
ridges of the Alleghany Mountains,
which extends through Vir^iinia and
Pennfylvania. There is a curious fyphon
fountain in Viiginia,.near the interfec-
tion of Loid Fairfax's boundary with
the North Mountain, not far from
Brock's Gap, on the ftream of which is
a grift-mill, whirh grinds two buftiels
of grain at every flood of the fpring.
NortmpoRt, a townfliip in Han-
cock CO. Diftri^l of Maine, taken from
the northerly part of Duck- Trap Plan-
tation, and incorporated in 1796.
North Rebf, off the ifland of St.
Domingo, in the Weft-Indies, lies in
lat. ao. 33. N« and long. $9. ss. W.
North
NOR
NOKTIiRiVBRtiiiNew.York. See
No«tH Ri VEii, in Maflachufettf , for
Stti fiie* U remarkable far its depth of
water» tieing in fome places not more
than 40 or 50 teet wide, yet veilels of
jootiins are built at Pembroke, andde-
fcendtoMaflachufettsBay, it miles dif.
lant, as the river runs. It rifes in Indian
Head Pond, in Pembroke, and runs a
Terpentine coorfe between Scituate and
Marfltfield. The river is navigable for
boats to the firft fail, 5 miles from its
fource. Thence to the neareft waters
which run into Taunton river, is only
three miles. A canal to connc6l the
waters of thefe two rivers, which com-
municate with Narraganfet and Maflfa-
chufetfs bay>, would be of great utility,
as it would fave a long and dangerous
navigation round Cape Cod.
North River, a veiy confiderable
river of New- Mexico, in North- Ameri-
ca, which rifes in the north part of it,
and dire£ls its couiTe to the S. E. and
empties into the Gulf of Mexico, at the
W. end, in and about lat. z6. 12. N.
North River, a branch of Fluvan-
na river, in Virginia. See Cow aaJCalf
Pafture:
North Salem, a townfliip in Weft-
Cheller co. New- York, bounded fouth-
erly by Salem, eafterly by ConneAlcut,
northerly by Duchefs co. and wefterly '
by the middle of Croton river. In 1 7 90,
it contained 1058 inhabitants, including
58 daves. In'' 1796, i6t of the inha*
Sitants were qualiHed eledors.
North Sea, is a name that has been
given by geographers to various parts
of the oceans, where they happen to
walh the northern paits of the Ameri-
can continent or iflands. Thus, the
Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic Ocean
further to the eaft, fi'om their waters
wafliing the N. coaft of Mexico or New
Spain in North-America, and Terra
Firma in South-America, have been
diftinguifhed by this name. It has alfo
been applied to the fouthem part of th..-
Gulf oi Mexico, in particular bv the
Spaniards, on their crofltng the ifthmus
of Darien from the N. to the S. coaft,
in oppofition to the Pacific Ocean, to
which they gave the name of the South
Sea. Tlie Atlantic Ocean alfo on the
£. coaft of N. Anwrica has been fome-
times alfo called the N. Sea ; which ap-
pellation hai alfo been given to the
Ndit
3«l
FrMeiiOcein, fitmitt1|0vndtiij|M'(MtIi^
America oir the north. .'
North Sound Point b the fm^
jeAing jtoin^ of land on the N. E. fide
of th^iAand of Antigai, in the Weft«
Indies and is about S. S. E. fraai
Lon^ Ifland.
Northumberland, H. town 'm
Grafton co. New- Hampfliire, litnaoel
on the B. fide df Connefticut river, ac
the mouth of the Upper Amcmooibck.
It was incorporated m 1779, ''"^ c<nu
tains XI 7 inltabitants..
Northumberland, a cotmty of
Pennfylvania, bounded N. by Lvcoro-
ing} S. and W. by Dauphhi and Mif-
flin counties. It is divided into t9
townfhips, and in 1790 contained i7,i<R
inhabitants. The county of Lycomiiig;
has fince the cenfus been lately^ taken
from it, but the county is ilippofiRi to
contain nearly as many inhabitants aa
before ; a great number of people bar-
ing emigrated to this part of the State.
Chief town, Simbury.
Northumberland, a flouridiliw
poft-town in the above county, fituatd
on the point of land formed by the
junction of the E. and W. branches of
the Sufquehannah. It is laid out regu-
larly, and contains about iio houfes, a
Pre^yterian church, and an academy.
It is a miles N.byW. of Sunbuty, aM
«4 N. W. by W. of PhiJadelphia.
Northumberland, a county '<^
Virginia, bounded E. by Chefapeak Bay*
and W. by Richmond. It coniaina
9,163 inhabitants, including 4r4><io
ll?.ves. The coUrt-faoufe, where a poft>
efBce is kept, is i» miles from Kinfak*
1 3 from Lancafter court-houfe, 86 from
Frederickfburg, and 317 fiom Phtladel"
phia.
Northumberland, aco. ofPeno.
iylvania. There is iron ore in this coun.
tyi alfo a fait fpring.
North-Wales, a town of Caroline
CO. Virginia, on Pamunky river, about
z miles below f he jun^ion of N. and S.
Anna branches.
North West CaAsr of AtMeric^i.
The country on the N. weftern part o£
ti.e continent of America, lying on the
Pacific Ocean, is thus denominated.
According to accounts given by voya*
gers to this coaii, the vaft country lying
upon it, with very little deviation, haa
the appearance of one continued foreft,
being covered with pines of differetit
fpecies.
fU NOR
IwdtaH 'Mi tltt(^ intermixed with aU
dcr* birdi* witct)«liule» tic. befides va*
rimu kinds of bniAwood ; and the val-
fiea aad low groondt afford wild eur-
iukff iNxflebmlcf, raTpbcrries, ahd va-
tiirat Iow(i9i?i^ flirubs. On the coaft
are many illa'nds, fpacious bays, com-
nodioot harbours, and months of navi-
an^ rivei'S)' atnong the former arc
Wafliingion, or Ojueen Charlotte's Id-
•ndh* extending <rom N. lat. 51. 41. to
54« it. W. lone iVom Greenwich ia9.
54. to 133'. ii. Hei'e are Nootka Sound,
Admiralty Bay, aud Port Mulgrave,
. jhrince WiUijtan's Sound, Cook's river ;
die ,|*ninfiila of AUdka, and the iflands
Ibnpunding h» Briftol Bay, and Kor*
tonSotindi which lad lie S. eadward
•f Behring^a Straits. The coaft is in-
iMbitcd by numerous but fmail tribes' of
Indians { each tribe appearing to be in-
dependent, and jeoTerned by its own
Auf, They dilkr from each other in
their langu>ge and cuftoms, and are
]firequently at war. It is impofliBle to
afcertain with any' degree of certainty
the namber of inhabitants j but they
liave been computed at 10,000, from
litootka Sound to Cook's river, an ex-
tent of abo^t tooo miles. The natives
•1*6 jfbr the moft part fliort in ftature,
their faces, men and women, are in
Cera! flat and round, with high cheek
e» and flat nofes, and their teeth
white ; and rq^ular. Their complex-
ions are lighter than the ibuthem In-
dians, and ibme of their women have
rofy cheeks. Both fexes are fond of
ornamenting themfelves with beads and
trinkets, and they generally paint their
hands and faces. They have a cuftom
of noafcing a longitudinal flit in the im-
der lip, between the mouth and chin,
ibme of Ithem as large as the mouth, in
which they weav a niece of bone, wood
•rivoiy, fitted with holes in it, from
which they fufpend beads as low as the
chin. There appears to be a greater
uniformity in the drciV of the different
tribes, than in their ornaments. The
aperture or fecond mouth, above the
chin, lecms confined to the pien of
Cook's river and Prince William's
Sound } whilft the wooden ornament
,in the under lip is worn by the 'ujamen
only, in that part of the coaft from Port
Mulgp-ave to Qneen Charlotte's Illands.
The inhabitants wholly fubfift by fifh-
ing and hunting. Theic cloathing is
NOR
ipade of the fltins of animalt Mnd birds.
They live in a very dirty JJnanner, and
are >) complete uiAureof tikh and id|6'<
lentje. The chief objeA of civilised
nations ui navigating this coaft hitherto,
has been to traffic with the native^ /or
furS) which theyjKive in exc|ban|;e fi^
pieces of iron, naus, beads, _pen^nivcs
and other trifling trinkets. Thefeiitra
are carried to China, and difpoftd of to
a great profit. The (kins obtained are
tliofe of the fea-otter, racoon, pine-mar-
tin, land beaver,, earlefs mammot, &c.
The other articles which might be pro-
cured are ginfcng, copper, oil, fjKirs,
&c. with great quantities of falmon.
Prom 1785 to February 17^8, there had
arrived at China from this coaft 9 vef-
iels of different nations. Six of thefe
had furs, fold for 96,841 dollars j two
Fjrcnch ihips, 54,837 doHs. and 17,006
flcins imported by the Spaniards unfold.
What furs the RulTians procure is not
known, as they never carry them to
Canton. An inlami fca has been lately
difcovered in this country. Mr. £t> [
ches, who fitted out fltips from England, <
has lately difcovered, that all the weft«
ern coaft of America from lat. 48. to 57.
N. is not a continued trafl of land, but
a chain of iflands which had never be^
explored, and that tliofe concealed tlva^
entrance to a vaft inland fea, like thO^
Baltic or Mediteiranean in Europe, and
which feems likewife to be full of
iflands. Among thefe Mr. Etches' fliip,
the Princefs Royal, penetrated feverai
hundred leagues in a N. E. direflion,
till they came within soo leagues of
Hudfon's Bay ; but as the intention of
the voyage was iperely commercial,
they had not time fully to explore the
Archipelago juft mentioned, nor did
they arrive at the termination of this
new Mediterranean Sea. The iflands,
of which upwan^s of 50 were vifited,
were inhabited by tribes of Indians,
who appeared very friendly, and well
difpofed to carry on a conimerce.
Soma fliips are fitting out at one of the
ports of England for the iame place, I'o
that further difcoveries may foon be ex-
pe£led. In conlcqucnce of an expedi-
tion imJertaken in 17S7, Capt. J. Ken-
drick, of the fliip Columbia, while pro-
fecuting an advantageous voyage with
the natives for furs, purchafed of them
It is bid, for the owners, a trac^ of de-
lightful country, comprehending four
degrees
V*
^int» oiP latittide^ or 946 mikt Tqtlafe.
The deedi are fiud to be in China, and
regiAered in the office of the American
confuti the agents tn London are au-
thorhed to treat with any gentleman
or aflbciationfor the purchafe of a trafl
of land no whet-e exceeded for fertility
and climare, and which may perhaps by
a prudent management of fome wile
conftilution, become of. the utmoft im<
jibrtance.
NoftTH>wB«T RivtTt a branch of
Cape Fear, or Clarendon river, in N.
Carolina. It is formed by the junfti'.n
of Haw and Deep rivers ; and it is 306
yards wide at Amwood, So or 90 miles
al)0ve the- Capes } even when the ftream
is low, and within its banks. See Cafe
Fear Rivtr. On the weft fide of this
river, about 40 miles above Afhwood,
in t^ banks of a creek, 5 or 6 feet be-
low the fandy furface, are to be feen
proJeAing out many feet in length,
trunks of trees entirely petrified.
North-Wbst Territory. See
Temtorj,
North WOOD, an interior and elevat-
ed townAiIp in Rockinzham co. New-
Hampfliire, in which^ and on its bor-
ders, are a number of fmall ponds, whofe
waters feed Pifcataqua and Suncook
rivers. It was incorporated in 1773 ;
contains 744 inhabitants, and is about
39 miles north-weft of Portfmouth.
Cryftals and cryftalline fpars are found
iiere.
North- Yarmouth, a poft-town
of the Diftri£l of Maine, in Cumber-
land CO. on a I'mall river which falls in-
to Cafco Bay. It is 17 miles W. by
S. ofBrunfwick, 14 north of Portland,
and 140 E. of Bofton. The townfliip
isextenfive, was incorporated in 1713,
and contains 1,978 inhabitants. Cuf-
leii's river divides it from Freeport on
the N. E;
Norton, a townfliip in Effex co.
Vermont, fituated on the Canada line,
having Canaan eaft, and Holland on the
weft.
No a TOM, a townfliip of MaflUchu-
fetts, iltuated inBriftolco. and 33 miles
Ibuthward of Bofton. It was incorpc-
rared in 171 1, and contains 1428 inha-
bitants. The annual amount of the nail
manufafliii'e here is not lefs than 300
tons. There is alfo a manufaflnre of
•chre which is found here, fimilar to
that at Taunton«
Nofttblf, afettlementotithcnorth:^
eaft coaft of Cape Breton ifland. -
Norton's. 5ff<«f, on *thc N. W. eoaft
of N. America, extendi from Cape Dar*
by on the N. N. W. tb Cape Ddibigh,
or Cape Stephoi*! on the 8. or 8. £•
N. lat. 64. 50% '
NoRWALK, a jdeafant poft-town ia
Fairfield co. Connecticut, fituated on
the N. fide of Long-Ifland Sound. It
contains a Congregational and Epifco^
Eal church, which are neat edifices, and
etween 40 and 50 compajl houfes. f 4
is 1 3 miles W. by S.of Fairfield, 34 8.
W. by W. of New.Haven, 54 N. E. of
New- York, and 144 from Philadelphia.
N. lat. 41. 9. W. long. 73. 47. The
townfliip is fituated in a fertile wheat
country, and was fettled in 16 51. Heri
are iron-works and a number of miliar
It has a fmall trade to New- York and
the Weft-Indies.
Norway, a townfhipof New-York,
in Herkemer co. incorporated in 179a.
By the State cenfus of 1796, it contain*
ed 2164 inhabitants, of whom 353 |vert
electors.
Norway, anew townfltip in Cam-
berland co. DiftriCt of Maine, incorpo*
rated 1797.
Norwich, a confiderable- townfltip
in Windfor co. Vermont, on the well
fide of Connecticut river, oppofite to
Dartmouth College. It conums 1138
inhabitants.
Norwich, a townfliip in Hampfliire
CO. Maflachufetts, »4 miles S. W. of
Northampton, and 114 weft of Bofton.
It was incorporated in 17731 't'd con-
tains 741 inhabitants.
Norwich, a city and poft-town of
Connecticut, and of the fecond rank in
New- London co. fituated at the head of
navigation on Thames river, 14 milea
north of New-London, and 40 S.E. of
Hartford. This commercial city has a
rich and extenfive back country; and
avails itfelf of its happy fituation on a
navigable river, which affords a great
number of convenient feats for mills,
and water machines of all kinds. The
inhabitants manufacture paper of all
kinds, ftockings, clocks and watches,
chaifes, buttons, ftone and earthen
ware, oil, chocolate, wire, bells, an-
chors, and all kinds of forge- work. The
city contains about 450 dwelling houfes,
a court-houfe, and two churches for
Congregationalifts, and one for Epifco-
B b jpalians,
«r
lH NaT
j^iiMt mi «1»otit 3000 tnhabituiti.
* The city U in ttirec detached, compaft
|jfvifi99«» ▼>>• CbeKca, at tha landing,
the Town, and Bean Hill ; in the latter
divifioQ la an academy, and in the town
la an,endowed fchqo) . The courta of law
•re held alternately at New.London and
)lorwi«h. This town was fettled in
a66o, by 35 men, principally from Say-
^roolc. It it as I miles N. £. of Phila-
delphia. N. Iat4i. 34. W. long, 72. 19.
Norwich, a^townfliip in Tioga co.
)9ew-York, taken fiora the towna of
Jeriohp and Union, and incoriwrated in
)793. It ia fettled principally by peo-
pie from Conne£ltcut) is bounded
' ^utherly by Oxford, and lies 5s miles
wreft of Cherry Valley. "Ry the State
ccnfus of 1796, 1 29 of it» inhabitants
were electors.
Notch, The, a pafs in the weftem
part of the White Mountains, in New-
Hunpfhiie $ the narroweft part of which
if but 11 feet v^ide, between '.wo per-
peiadicular rocksl It is 25 miles nom
^ ^he Upper Coos. From the height
abo^ It a brook defcends, and meanders
tbroagh a meadow, formerly a heaver
pond. It is furrounded by rocks,, which,
on one flde, are perpendicular, an<i on
the others, rife in an angle of 45 decrees,
a ftrikiM;ly pi6lurefque fcene. This de-.
lile was known to the^ Indians, who for-
merly le4 their captives through it to
Canada ; but it had been forgotten or
liegl$£ted, till the year 177 1, when two
htmters pafled through it. There is a
~road this way now to the Upper Coos.
Notch, Cape, is the w. point of
Goodluck Bay, in the Straits of Magel-
lan. S. lat. 53. 33. W. long. 74. 34
NOTTAWAY,'a fmall river of Vir-
ginia, which runs £. by S. and receives
Blaelc Water on the line of N. Carolina ;
thence ptirfuing a S. by W. courfe of
about 10 miles, it joins the Meherrin }
the confluent ftream then aflfumes the
name of Chowan river, and empties in-
to Albemarle Soand.
NoTTAWAV, a county of Virginia,
bounded N. and N. W. by Amelia, from
«diich it was taken in the year 17S0.
See Amelia,
Nottingham, a townfhip in Rock-
ingham CO. New-Hamp(hire, 14 miles
N. of Pxeter, and 15 N. W. of Pwtf.
mouth. It was incorporated in 1711,
and contahis 106S inhabitants.
NoTTi/iGHAM, Wtfi, » towi^b, in
ST
N O V
Hilliborougk co. New-HmpAire, fittN
ated on the E. fide of Merrimack river»
50 miles diftant from Portfmouth, wa»
incor|)oratcd in 1746* and contains 1064
inhabitants. It has Maflstcbufettf lint
for its fouthern boundary,' which di-
vides it from Dracut, Knd is about 45
miles N. N. W. of Bofton.
Nottingham, a townfliip in Chef,
ter CO. Pt-nnfylvania.
NoTTiHCHAM, the miaft northcAi
town of Burlington co. New.JeH'ey, fi.
tuated on the eaftem bank of Delaware
river, between Bordentowa and-Treo*
ton.
Nottingham, a town in Prince
George's CO. Maryland/ ^tuated onPa-
tuxenr river, neaily-i&miles north-eaft-
erly of Pifcataway, and ao S. £. of the
Federal City.
Nova-Scotia, formerly called ^fvO"
Satlatid, a BritiOi province of North-
America ; feparated on the N. E. from
Cape Breton Uland, by the Gut of Canrr
fo ;. on the N. it has a part of the Gul)['
; of St. Lawrence, and the Straits of Nor^^
thumberland, which divide it from the
iiland of St. John's 1 on the W. it lia»
New-Br«nfwicltf and the bay of Fundy }
on the S.>and S.E. tlie Atlantic Ocean,
Its length is about 135 miles from C^pe
Sable on the S. W. to Cape Canfo on
the N. E. Its extrenae breadth is 88
miles f but between the head of Halifax
harbonr and the town of Windfor, at
the head of the S. E. arm of the BaHii
of Minas it is only ^bout %i mUe» broad.
It contains 1,789,000 acres ^ of which
3 million* have been granted, and %■
milliona fettled and wider impEovement.
Nova-Scotia is. accommodatra with ma-
ny fpaeious harbours, hays, and coves
of mclterr ecptal to any m the world.
The chief ot tl^ele are Can(b, Halifax,
on ChebuAo Bay, Chedahn£lo, Frede-
rick,George,Torbay,Chailotte, King's,
Barrington, Townfeml, St. Mary's, An-
napolis Royal, the Bafin of Mmat, the
B^y of Fundy } and a vaft ntimber of.
.apes, lakej, and rivers, which are de-
I'cribed under their refpeflive names.
The moft remarkable mountains are the
Highland of Afpotagoen, and the Ardois
Mountain. The fouthern ihores preitnt
to the eye of a ftranger rather an un-
favourable appearance* being in general
broken and Itoney^ but the innumer-
able iflands along its coafts, coves, and.
harboMrs, though genci.:!ly cpmpofed
oJf
•^ Voeky ftibft«ncet, a{>pear deftg^ecl ^jr
nature tor the drying* or (i(ht bcin|; co-
vered with matefiaU for fi(h-fl»kes and
ftaees t and there is land fuflicient for
paiurea and gardens^ to ferve the pur-
toofes of 6ihermen. As you advance
into the back country^ it wears a more
promifing appearance} and at Corn-
wallis, Windibr, Hnrton, Annapolis,
Cumberland, Cobequid, PiAou, and
along the northern (hores of the pro-
vince, there are extenfive, well improved
farms. The gradual improvements in
huibandry, which has been encouraged
by the laudable eflTorts and fuccefsful
^experiments of the agricultural fociety,
lately eftabliHied herej afford fome good
f round to expeA that Nova.Scotia may
ecome a flourifliing colony. The
lands in general, on. the iea>coaft, the
county of Lunenburgh excepted, and a
few hills of good land, are rocky, and
interfperfed with fwamps and barrens.
The growth in general is a mixture of
fpruce^ hemlock, pine, fir, beech, and
fome rock maple, which ^imifli an in-
exhauftible fupply for (hip-building and
•ther purpofes.
The coaft abounds with fifli of vari-
ous kinds, as cod, falmon, mackerel,
herring, alewives, trout, &c. aud being
near to the banks, of Newfoundland,
Qucro, and Sable banks, fiflieries, under
proper management and regulations,
might be carried on with certainty of
fuccefs. There ai'e mines of coal at
Curriberland, and on the Eaft river,
which falls into Piflou harbour. There
is plenty of bog and mountain ore in
Annapolis townfliip, on the borders of
Ni£lau river, and a bloomery is erefted
there. Copper has been found at Cape
D'Or, on the north fide of the Bafin of
Minas. The forts in this province are
Fort Edward, Cumberland, andOoin-
wallis. Nova-Scotia is divided into 8
counties, viz. Hants, Halifax, King's,
Annapolis, Cumberland, Sunbury,
Queen's, and Lunenburg. Thde are
fubtlivided into above 40 townfhips.
The whole population of Nova- Scotia,
New-Brunfwick, and the iflamis ad-
joining is ettimated at about 50,000.
The amount of imports from Great<
Britain to this country, at an averagfe of
3 years, before the new fettlements, was
about z6,5ool. The articles exported
in exchange are, timber and the produce
t>f the fifberyi which »t a large average
6KH
$ty
aHioiihtt to 3S,oool. Novii-SiMlb wt^
confirmed to Greit>Britaia in f7<o*
Halifax is the metropolii. See NrW"
Brunftoiek, CatuUkt tec.
NouvELLBy Lap commonly eftll«l:
Eaft Nouvclle, lies on the nortbern
fide of Chaleur Bayi It is a fmall riveiV'
about 4 leagues from Port Daniel.
Nou ViLLE, La Graade, or lf^efi,Noa»
vil/e, on the northern fide of Chaleur
Bay, is above one league fiom Carletali>
where is alfo a cuftom-houfe, and H re*'
fpeAable mercantile houfck
NoXAN, or SoxoHton, or Nm T9>am%
a town of New-Calile co. DJaware, %t.
miles Nk of Dover, and 9 S. by S. W4
of St. George's Town.
NtTBLADA, an ifland in the Pacific?
Ocean, with 3 fmall ones north of it
and near to it, W. by S. of Cape Cori-;
enles, on the coaft of Mexico, and eaft
of Roco Portida. Nk lat. i6» 40. W.
long. laz. 30. : >
Nt;cHVirNK,a place in New-Britain,
the refort of Wahufles, in winter } with
the teeth of thefe animals the Indians,
head their darts. Lat. 60. N.
NuESTRA Senora de la PaZf an epif-
copal fee and town of Peru, in S. Ame«
rica. S. lat. 17. 10. W. long. 64.
NuESTRA Senora de la Fittoria, a
town of Mexico. N. lat. 1 8. W. long.
9*. 35.
HvEVo Baxo, a bank called by the
Britifti the New Bear, being about 3»
leagues S. of the W. end of the ifland'
of Jamaica, in lat. 15^ 57. north. It
has a key, x cables length long and if
broad j ftretching^. by N. and W. by
S. The Britifli find this a good ftation
in a Spanifh war, as moft fiiips come
this way from the Spaniih Main» go-
ing to the Havaniiah,
o
O ACHATE Harboury near the S.
point of Ulietea, one of the Society
Iflands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, N.VV.
of Otaheite. S. lat. 16. 55. W. long.
151. 24.
OAHAHA,ariverof Louifiana, which
empties into the MifTifippi from the Nj
W. in lat. 39. 10. N. and 7 miles N.
of Riviere au Beuf.
Oahoona, one of the Ingraham
liles, which is faid to be the northern-
bb % moft
mofr «f ill this cluiMr. Tt Ute ibout
lo leagtita N. B. of Nooheevi. To this
ifland Capt. Roberta nve the name of
MmffatkmttU. Captain Ingraham had
bcioi-e calied it WaJhUigtm,
Oaitipih A, or Ait^ha Baj, fituated
near the north-eaft end of the teller pe-
nuifula of the ifland of Otaheitc» has
good anchorage in la fathoini. 8> lat.
tj. 46' Wi long. 14.9. 14.
Oak Bajft or the PtvUU Htad, in the
Sayof Fondy, it 9 leagues S. S. E. of
Moofe Ifland. It is very high land, and
nny be feen at 10 or 11 Magucs dif-
tance.
Oakfuskbb. Set TallafHfe Rivtr.
Oakfuskibs, an Indian tribe in
the weftem part of Georgia. The
warrior .Mico, caHed die White Lieu«
tenant, has the folc influence over tooe
gunmen.
Oakham, a townfliip in Wovcefler
CO. Maflachufetts j 1 5 miles north-weft
of Worcefter, and 61 weft of Bofton.
It was incorporated in 176s, and con-
tains 77 s inhabitants.
Oak IJIandt a loi^g n^trrow ifland on
the coalt of N. Carolina, which with
Smith's Ifland form the S. W. channel
of Cape Fear river. See Bald Hiadt
and Cape Ftar.
OakMvlgbb Biwer is the fouthem
great branch of the beautiful Alatama-
ha, in Georgia. At the Oakmulgee
Fields it is about 300 or 400 yards wide.
Thefe rich and fertile fields are on the
eaft fide of the river, above the conflu-
ence of the Oconee with this river } thefe
two branches are hel% about 40 miles
apart. Here are woi'derful remains of
the power and grandeur of the ancients
of tnis part of America, confifting of
the niins of a capital town and fettie-
ment, vaft artificial hills, terraces, &c.
See AEatamaba River.
Oatara, a fmall woody ifland on
the S. E. of Uiietea Ifland, in the S.
Pacific Ocean ; between 3 and 4 miles
from which to the north- weft are two
other fmall iflaiids in the fame dit°e6lion
as the reef, of which they ase a part. ,
Ob ED'S River, m TcniicfTec, luns
fouth-wcfterly into Cumberland river,
290 miles from its mouili, by the courJe
of the ftream. Thus far Cumbeiland
liver is navigable tior large vefl*el8.
Obion, a navigable river of Tennef-
fee, which runs louth-wefterly into the
MtfTifippi, 24 miles Ibutheriy of RceU
foot rivefi. It Is ?• y«nk brwd, if
miles from its mouths
Obiterea, an ifland ido leagues 8.
of the Society Iflands. S. lat. ai. 40.
W. long. 1 50% 50.' It contains nonfood
anchorage, and the inhabkants are
averfe to the intrufion of ftrangers.
OCCOA, or Oeta, a bay on the fouth
fide of the ifland of St. Domingo, int»
which fell the fmall rivers Sipicepy and
Ocoa. It lieseaft of Neybeor jiilien.
ne bay, and is bounded fouth-eaftward
by Point Salinas, and weflward by the
eaft point at the mouth of Bya rivtp.
Spaaifli fliipa of war anchor in this bav. ■
Point Salinas is %% leagues weft of the \
city of St. Domingo.
OccoA, a bay near the eaft end of
the ifland of Cuba, in the windward
pafTage, about ao miles eaft of Guanta-
namo Bay.
OceocHAPPO, or Bear Creek, in the
Georgia Weftem Territory, empties
through the S. W. bank of Tenneflee
river, juft below the mufcle flioalsJi
There is a portage of only about 50
miles from this'civek to the navigable
-waters of Mobile river. The mouth of
this creek is in the centre of a piece' of
grjund, the diameter of which is* 5
'.niles, ceded by tlie fouthem Indians to
the United States for the eftabliftiment ^
of trading pofts.
OceoNEACHBr IJlands, two long
narrow iflanda at the head of Roanoke
river, in Virginia, juft below where tlve
Staunton and Das unite and form that
river.
OcoNA Pert, on the coaft of Peni»
on theS. Pacific Ocean, is ix leagues
N. W. of Quiica, and a bold coaft, and
14 leagues S. £. of Attico.
Oconee, tbe north main branch of
Alatamaha river, Georgia. It is, in ma-
ny places, 150 yards wide. Its banks
abound with oak, afh, mulberry, hick-
oiy, black-walnut, elm- fafrafra,s, &c.
OcoNEk 'town lies ^n the eaft banl^
of the river of its name in (Jeovgia ; a-
bout a6 miles weft>north weftotGolph-
ingtoDt and 4a weft by north of Au-
gufta.
OccoQir AN, a river in Virginia which,
after a fhort courle, empties into Patow-
mac river, at High Point, 5 milts be-
low Colchefter.
Ocrecock Inlet, on the coaft of N.
Caiolina, leads into Pamlico Sound,
and out of it into Albemarle Sound,
thvougii
OH E
Nihfmigit wttieh aU reflelt muft paft tltat{
«re bound to EJenton, Wafliington,
Bath» or Newbern. It lies in lat.'ss. ><>•
K.' A bar of hard fand erodes the inlet,
on which is 14 feet water at low title.
The land on the north is called Ocre-
cock, that on the S. Portfrnouth. Six
miles within the bar, there is a hard
Aind ihoal which crodVs the channel
called the Swafli. On eaah HAe of the
channel are dangerous flioals, fometimes
dry. Few mariners, however wdl ac-
quainted with the inlet, choofe to go in ;
without a pilot) as the bar often Aifts
during their abfence on a voyage. It is
about y\ leagues fouth-well ^ weft of
Cape Hatten**
Oeneriack, the fouth point of Brif.
tol Bay, on the N . W. coaft of N. Ame-
rica. N. lat. 54.. 30. W. long. 160. 30.
Ogeecheb, a river of Georgia, iS
miles ibuth of Savannah river, and whofe
courfes nre nearly parallel with each
other. It empties into the fea oppolite
the north end of Oflabaw Ifland, 18
miles fouth of' Savannah. Louifville,
Lexington and Georgetown arc on the
upper part of this river.
Oglethorpe, a new county on the
hoi;th iide of Alatamaha river, weft of
LiWty CO. Fort Telfair is in the S. E.
corner of this county on the Alatamaha.
OuAMANENO, a fmall but good har-
footir, on the W. iide of Ulietea, one of
the Society iflands, in the S. Pacific
Ocean. S. lat. tti. 45.. W. long. 1 51* 38.
The variation of the compals in 1777,
was 6. 19. E.
O H A M £ N e Marhar, a fine bay on tlte
E. fide of Otaha, one of the Society
Iflands. It pafTes in by a channel be-
tween the two fmall iflands Toahoutu,
and Whennnaia. Within the reef it
forms a good harbour, from 25 to 16
'fathoms water, and clear ground.
Oheiiurua, a large bay on the S.
W. part of the ifland of Otaha, one of
-the Society Iflands, and the next har-
4)our to the northward from .Apotopoto
Bay. There is anchorage from xo to a 5
fathoms, and has the advantage of frefh
water. The breach in the reef which
•pem a pafTage into this harbour, is |of
a miiebiYMd, tniat. 16. 3<« S. and loi)g.
JISI.30. W.
Oheteroa* one of the Society
Iflands, which is about ■ 1 miles lon^; and
^ broad, inhabited by a people of very
lirge ftaturC} who ue cather browner
OH I 589
<han thofe of the neighbouring UUndfa*
It has no good harbournor aAcboragc*
Lar. as/ %j, S. long. 150. 47.
Ombtuna, a harbour on the 8.E. fidt
of Ulietea, one of the Society Iflands.
O H rv A li o A , an ifland in the South Pa-
cific Ocean. S. lat. 9.4i.W.lone.i39.s.
Ohio, a moft beautiful river, fe«
parates the North WeHem Territory
from Kentucky on thf S. and Virginia
en the S. B. Its curreqr gentkf waters
clear, and bofom fmooth and unbroken
by rocks and rapids, a fingle infltace
only excepted. It is one quarter of •
mile wide at Fort Pitt ; 500 yards at the*
mouth of the Great Kanhaway { laoo
yards at Louifville, and at the Kapids
halfa mile, but its general ^readth doea
not exceed 600 yards. In fome placet
its width is not 400, and in one place
tiarticularly, far below the Rapids, it it
els than 300. Its breadth, in no one
placcj exceeds laoo yards } and at its
junction with the Mifiifippi, neither riv-
er is more ttian 900 yards wide. Its
length, as meafured according to its
meanders by Capt. butchiiis, 11 as fol-
lows t — From Fort Pitt to
Log's Town if I
Big Beaver Creek io|
Little Beaver Creek ijI
YeQow Creek ii|
Two Creeks aij
Long Reach " 53*
End of Long Reach i6|
Muflcingum a6i
Little Kanhaway ia|
Hockhocking 16
Great Kanhaway 8i|
Guiandot 43I
Sandy Creek 14I
Sioto, or Scioto 48^
Little Miami . is^^
Licking Creek 9
Great Miami «6i
Big Bones %t\
Kentucky 44^
Rapids 77(
Low Country 155I
Buffalo river 64}
Wabafli > 97i
Big Cave 42I
Shawanee river 5i|
Cherokee river 13
Maflac M ,-
MifTifippi 4<i
liSf '
In common wintw and fpring floedsi
B b 3 it
J90 O H I
it aflbrdi 30 or 40 feet water to Louif* |
tUIc ) >S 01^ }o f«^et to I'A Tarte'v Ra-
Sidk { 40 above the mputh of the Great
[anhavvayi and a Aifficicncy at all
times for light batteaux and canoe* to
Fort Pitt. The Rapids are in Ut. 38.
|. The inundations of this river begin
about the laft of March, and fiibfide in
July, although they frequently happen
1 other, months } io that boats which
farry 30P barrels of flour from the Mo-
nongahela, or Youhiogany, ahovc Pittf.
burghf have feUom long to wait for
ym^tc. During thefe floods, n flrft rate
inaii-of- wnri may be carried from Louil-
yille to New-Oi leansi if thefudden turns
of the river and the ftrength of its cur-
rent will admit a fafe fteerage. It is
the opinion of fomc well informed gen-
tlemen, that a vefTel properly built for
£efea, to draw 11 feet water, when
ided, and carrying from 12 to 1600
barrel* of flour, may be more eafily,
f heaply and faftly navigated from Pittf-
burgh to the fca, than thofc now in ufe )
|ind. thit this niattcr only requires one
nun of citpacity and enterprize to af-
certa;n it. A vtflel intended to be rie-
fed as abrigintine, fnow,or(hip,fliouTd
e double-decked, take lier mafts on
deck, and be rowed to the Ibberville,
below which are no iflands, or to New
Orleans, with 20 men, lb as .0 af&rd
|%liefs of 10 and 10 in the night. Such
|i veflTcl, without the ufe of oars, it is
fuppofed, would float to New Orleans
from Pit(fl)urg jn 20 days. If this be
lb, what agreeable profpefts are pre •
fented t.o our brethren and fellow citi-
zens in the weftt-rn country I The Ra-
.pidsat L uifville defcend ahoitt 10 feet
' in the diftunce of a mile and a half.
The bed of the river is a folid rock, and
is.divi'dedby an ifland into two branch-
es, the fouthern of vvhich is about 200
yard^ vvide, but impaflable in dry fea-
Ibns. The bed of the northern branch
is worn into channels by the conftant
coin-le of the water, and attrition of the
pebble-ftones carried on with that, fo
as to be p^fliible for batteaux tlirough
the greater part of the year. Yet it is
thought that the fouthern arm may be
molt eafily opened for fonftant naviga-
tion. The rife of the waters in thefe
Rapids does not exceed 20 or 25 feet.
'i'hcre is a fprt fituated at the heail of
the Falls. The ground on the fouth
^e ^-ifes very gradually. At Fort Pitt
OIL
the river Ohiolofe* its name, bninchinf
into the Monongahela and Alleghany.
Ohio RafUj lie in lat. 30. S.N. 705
miles below Pittiburg to the 8. W. and
48s miles from the confluence of the
Ohio with the Miflifippi. They ^nreoc-
cafioned by a ledge of rock^ f hat flretch
acrofs the bed ot the river Ohio. The
fituation of tlw Rapids is truly delighN
ful. The river is full a mile wide, and
the fail of the water, which is a con*
fl.int cafcade, appears as if nature had
defigncd it, to fliew how inimitable and
ftupendous are her works. The town
of ^ouilville commands a grand view
of the Rapids.
Ohio, the north-weftemmoft county
of the State of Virginia, bounded'eaft by
Wafliington co. in PennfylvMta, and
N. W. by the river Ohio, which di-.
vides it from the N. W. Territory, It
contains 5,212 inhabitants, hicluding
281 (laves. Chief town, Liberty.
Ohio Company t Purcbafe, in the N,
W. Territory, is a traft of excellent
land fituated on the north bank of the
Ohio, call of Col. Symes's purchafii.
In this tra£V there were about 2,500 in-
habitants in 179a.
OiiioPE, a fmall northern tributary
flream of Alatamaha river, in Oj^e-
thorpe CO. Georgia.
Ohiopiomingo, a tra£l of land fo
called in the State of Kentucky, fitu-
ated in Nelfon co. on Ohio river, and
fouth-weftward of Salt river.
Ohiopyle Falls, in Yougliiogany
river, are about 20 feet perpendicular
height, where the river is So yards wide.
They are 30 or 40 miles from the mouth
of this river, where it mingles it waters
with the Monongahela,
OhitaHOO, an idand in the S. Pacific
Ocean. S. lat. 9. 55. W, long. 139. 6,
Oil Creek, in Alleghany co.' Penn-
fylvania, i flues from a fpring, on the
top of which floats an oil, fimilar to that
called Barb:u{ues tar, and empties into
Alleghany river. It is found in fuch
quantities, that a man may (gather fe-
veial gallons in a day. Thetroops fcnt
to guard the V/efl'ein Polls, halted at
this fpring and coileded fomeof the oif,
and bathed their joints with it. This
gave them great relief from the rheu-
matic complaints, with which they
were afl^ifled. The waters, of which
the troops drank freely^ operated as a
gentle catlurtic.
OlSTiNS
'^
* OLD f
^liViMi B/fft *• nor the rontbern
txtmnity of the iiluMl of B«rbad4ca>
ill the Weft-Indicn. It U formed to
the 8. E. hy- Kendal'i Point. The
b»y U wiiil defended by torts. The
town of Oiftini ftandi on thit b»y.
Ol9 Cafb Fran coil forms the N.
point of Ecoflbtle or Co(beck lUy, on
the N. E. part of the iHaiul ot St. Do-
mingo. All the French Aiipi coming
from Europe or the Windward Klands,
and bound to the north or weft part of
St. Domingo Idand, areoliiiged to come
in fight of the Cape Samana, (near iy
leagues Ibiith-ealt by eaft of tliis cape)
or at leafi of Old Cape Francois, on ac-
count of the dangei s ot (hoals to the eaft.
It is about 5 leagues eall of Cape de la
Koche. N. lat. 19. 40. 30. W. long
^om Vafis 7%. %%.
Old /ort bav is fitiiated at the
ibuth CMTiof the iHand of €t. Lucia, in
the Weft- Indies, havins at. Mary's
Ifland and B:iy to the calT.
Old Fort Jjlands, in Efquimaux
Bay, on the couft ot Labrador, in N
Ametim. N.lat. 51.. 04. W,. long. 57.
4S.
Old Harhiir, on the fouth coaft of
the iftand of Jamaica in the Weft- In-
idles, is to the weftwanl of' Port Roy^l.
There are a number of (hoals and dlanils
in the entrance to it. Under fome ot them
there isfafe riding, infiom (> toS fathoms.
Old Man's Creek, in New-Jerfey,
iCmpties inru Delawaic river, at^out 4
miles below Penn'sNcrk, and fcparates
the cbuntieii of Salem and Gloiicefter,.
Old MtN's Port lies northward of
l^ima river in Per-u, 8 or 9 miles N. ot
Cadavaylio riv«'.
Old K0AD4 a town and harbour in
ithe ifland oi Antigua, in the W. Indies.
Old Road Bay, on tlie S. W. coaft
of the id:iR'.i of St. Chriltoplier's, in the
Weft-Indies, between Ciurch Gut W*
and Bloody Point £. There is from 5
to 1 5 fathoms near the fliore^ and thi?
ieaft towarcis the fort.
Old Road Te-wn, on this bay, lies
licCween Eaft and Black rivers, and is
a port ot entry.
Old Town, or Frank^s OldTo'voH,
OB Jiuiiatta river. Sec Fratikjioivn.
Old Town, in the State of New-
York, is fituated ^1 Staten-lfland, 3
miles S. W. of Newtown, and ix fouth-
eveftprly of New- York city.
0^j)-TowN4 a fmali poft-tows of
o n E 39X
Maryland) fituated in Alleghany co. ia
lat. )9. )o. on the N. bank oi Patoiw^
mac river, and W. fide of Saw Mill'
Kun) 14 milcf 8. E. of CumbcrlandiL"^
i4« W. by N. of Baltimore, and ait
trom Philadelphia.
Old Town, inN. Carolina, war
Brunfwick.
Old Town, a fmall town of Oeor*
gia, lying on the Ogcechee river, %§
miles N. W. by W. of Savannah.
Oleout, a iinall creek, wbich emp-
ties into the eaft branch of Suli{uehan»
nah, 5 miles N. £. of the mouth of
Unadilla river.
Olin oa, the ciiief town of the cap*
tainfliip of Pernambuco, in Brazil, S«
America. It is fometimes called Per-
namhuio, and has a good harbour fitu-
ated nurrh of Cape Su Auguftine, an4
louth of Paiaibo. It was taken by tht
Dutch in 1630, but was retaken by tha
Fortugueie. S. lat. 8. <]. W-. long.:
35- 5-
Ollbros, Point, on the<oaft of Pn-
ru, is 6 leagues S. E. of Quemada Mor-
ro, or Headland, and as far N. N. W«
oi Porto Cavallo. It is little frequent-
ed on account of want of trade, al-
though it is a good harbour in caife of
fqualls from the mountain*, or of ftrong
currents fetting down from the fea. ^
OmacuaSj a tribe of Indians inhabi-
ting the banks of the river Amazun,
and converted to Chriftianity in the
year 1686, by father Fritz, a Spanifli
miinonary. They flat the hind and
fore part of the heads of their children,
which gives them a monftrous appear-
ance. They make a jeft of other na-
tioni, calling them calabaih heads.
Omara, a river on the coaft of Brt-
cil, whofe mouth is in lat. 5. o. S. and
long. 36.0. W, See Cape Rec^ue,
Omasuos, a jurifdiflion in the dio-
<efs of La Paz, in Peru. It begins al-
moft at the glies of the city of La Paz,
and extends zo leagues, being bounded
on the weft by the famous lake of I'iti
Caca. The air of this jurildiSion is
ibmewhat xoldj &> that it produces little
grain ; hut has numerous flocks of cat-
tle fed' in its palhiresj there is befides,
a very advantageous trade carried on in
another jurifdiftion by the Indians li-
ving on the borders of the lake, who are
remarkably indultrious in improving
that advantage.
Om££, a corrupt name for 7iS< Mia-
£ b 4. mi
)9t ONE
mlf^tkelshi which fw. ThcMi-
amt towns on it» banks are ctUed the
OmM town*, or Au.Mi, by the French
Americans, as a contraelion of Au
Miami.
Ombb-Town, one of the Miami
towns, fituatcd on a pleafint point form-
ed by the Junction of the rivers Miami
and St. Jofeph. This town ftood on
the E. banli of the latteri oppofite the
mouth of St. Mary's river, and was de>
ftroyed in Gen. Harmar's expedition,
in 1790.
Omoah, a fmall fortified town in the
Spatiifli Main, at the bottom of the bay
M Honduras, on the S. fidtr, and is with-
in a guif to the eallward of Dolce Gulf,
into which the river of its name comes
in from the fouthward. It has a good
harbour which is open to the N. W. in
which (hips of any burden may ride in
nnfeA fafety. The Britifh admiral,
Parker, in conjundion with the people
tof Honduras, reduced the ftrong fort,
which is fituated on the E. fide of the
river, in 1770. The fpoil was immenfe,
being valued at 3 millions of dollars.
The Spaniards in vain offered 300,000
dollars as a ranfom for 3 50 quintals of
iquickfilver } a commodity indifpenfably
lieccfl'ary in working theii* gold and
iilver mines.
Ompompanoosuck, a (hort, fu-
rious river of Vermont, which empties
into the Connecticut at Norwich, oppo-
fite to Dartmouth College. Its courfe
is S. E.- its bieadth not more than 40
or 50 yards.
O N n A . See riacent de la Paxes .
Onatiayo, ov Oiuatojo, an iiland
in the S. Pacific Ocean. S. lat. 9. 58.
W. long. 138. 51. '
Ones how, one of the Sandwich
iflands, in the N. Pacific Ocean, called
alfo Neebeeheow, about 5 or 6 leagues
to the weftward of Atooi. There is
anchorage all along the coaft of the
iiland. It produces plenty of yams,
and a fweet root called tee. N. lat. ai.
50. W. long. i6o. 15.
Oneida, one of the Six Nations of
Indians, containing 618 fouls, who in-
habit the country S. of Oneida Lake,
called the Oneida Refervation. Their
principal village, Kahnonwulohsle, is
about *o miles S. \V, of Whiteftown.
Thefe Indians for a number of years
paft, have been under the paftoral caie
of th^ Rev^r^nd Mr. Kirkland^ wHo
f ONI '
with th« Reverend Mr. Airjeanef h«vo
b«|p chieily fupportcd in thtir miAona
by the fociety cftabtiOicd in Scotland
for promoting Chriftian knowledge.
This nation receive an annuity fromth*
State of New- York of 335* dolVirs for
lands purchafcd of them in 179);, and
an annuity of about 6st dollars from
the United States. With thefe annul,
ties, (which operate as a difcourage-
mcnt to induftiy) together with the
corni beans and uotatues raifcd by the
fquaws, and the n(h and game, caught
by the men, afford them a barely toier.
able I'ubliftencc. They are a proud na.
tion, and affe6t to dvlpifc their neigh-
bours, the Stock bridge and firotherton
Indians, for their attention to agricuU
ture { but they already begin to feci their
dependence on them, and are under a
neceflity of purchafing provifions of
them. The Nation is divided into three
trilMs, or clans, by the names of the
If'ol/, the Bear, and the Turtle. They
have their name from their Pagan Deity,
which fome few of the nation Itill wuit^
(hip, and which is nothin|[ morolhan a
mimapen, rude, cylindrical fone, of
about I20 pounds weight, in their lan-
guage called Oneida, which lignifies the
Upright Sl»fte ' Formerly this (lone wax
placed in the crotch of a ttee, and then
the nation fuppoled theinfelvcs invin-
cible. Thefe Indians are all of mixed
blood ; there has not been zfure Onei-
da for feveral years pa(t.
Oneida Lake, is about 20 milts W.
of OldFoit Stanwix, now called Rome,
State of New York, and is bctw<. . ;o
and 30 miles long, and narrow It is
conne6led with Lake Ontario on the
W. by Ofvrcgo river, and with Fort
Stanwix by Wood Creek,
Onemack Point is the fouth weft
point of the continent of N, America,
on the N. W. coali,and the fouth limit
of Briftol Bay. It is 8a leagues S. S.
W. of Cape Newenhain, or the north
point of that ex'cnfivc bay ; and in lat.
54. 30. north, and lona. 163. 30. W.
O-NlMAMOU, a haibour on the S,
E. coart of Ulietea, one of the Society
Iflands, in the S. Pacific Octan. It is
north-eaft of' Ohetuna Harbour, on the
fame coaft.
. Onion, Cape, on the (buth-weft fide
of Newfoundland Iiland, is about fuur
leagues weit of Quirpon Ifland, or the
no(tb«m point of that extcnfive ifl^d.
aN o
Onion Jlkir» >n the &««(« of Ver.
monti fbnncrly called frtnck tiivtrt
«ikI by the ImliaiM V'iMo/tii rilirs in
Cabot, about i^ mile* to the weft of
Ciinnc^Vlcut rivcrt ami ia navigable for
froall vefl'eU < milet from U« moiittti in
Lake Chatnplu'.'t, betwrcn the towiit of
Burlington ami Colchelier ( ainl for
bonti between itb levcral f:<llt. It it one
«f the fined Hreaint in Vermont, and
rum through a mod fertile country, the
produce of which for feveral milea on
each fide of the river, ia brought down
to the U!;e at Burlington. It is from
so to 30 rods wide, 40 miles from its
mouth, and its defccnt in that dittance
is 17a feet, which is about 4 feet to the
mile. Between Burlington and Cotchcl-
ter this river has worn through a folid
rock of lime-ftone, which in lome time
of remote antiquity muft have Ibrmed
at this p'ace a prodigious catara£l.
The chaim is between 70 and 80 feet
in depth at low water, and in one place
70 feet from rock to rock, where a
-wooden bridge is thrown acrofs. At
Bolton there i« a chafm of the fame
kind, but fomewhnt wider, and the rock
is at lead i jo feet in heie;ht. From one
iide (i;vcral rocks have fallen acrofs the
river, in fuch a manner as to form a
natural bridge at low water, but in a
fituationto he an ubjc£lofcuriofityonly.
It was along this river that the Indians
formerly travelled tiom Canada, when
they made tluir attack: s on the frontier
lettiements on Connt£licuC river.
Onondaoo Cajile, on theOnondago
Ke'ervation Lands in the State of New-
York, is 25 miles ibuth-wed of Oneida
Caftle,
Onondago, or Salt Lake, in the
State of New. York, is about 5 miles
long and a mile broad, and lends ite wa-
.ters to Seneca river. The waters of tlie
Salt Iprings here are capable of produc-
ing immenfe quantities of fait. One
perlbn near the lake boiled down at the
rate of 50 bufliels a week, in the year
1792, which he fold for five lliillings a
bulliel ; but any quantity may be made,
ami at a lefs price. Thele fprings are
in the State refervation, and are a great
benefit to the country, every part of
which is fo united by lakes and rivers
as to render the fupply of this bulky and
neceflary article very eafy.
Onondago, a river of New-York,
^bict^ rifes in th^ Oneida LakCi and
ONS S9S
runs wellwardly into Lake Ontarts at
Ofwego. It is beatable from itinM\itli
to the licad of the lake, 74 miles, except
a fall which ocoaTions a portage of t<»
yards, thencs battcaux fo up to Wood-
Creek almoft to Fort Sunwix, 40 milea*
whence there is a portage of a mile to
Mohawk river. Toward the head at
this river» falmoa are caught ingraat
numbers.
Ononoaqo, a county of New York '
State, confiding of military lands divid*
ed into 1 1 townftiips, vi?. Homer, Poin<*
pey, Manlius, Lyfander, Marcellua,
Uiydcs, Milton, Scipio, Aurclius, Ovid,
and Romulus. Some of thefe compre<-
hend other towns, as will be noticed un-
der their rrlpe^ive names. The couur
ty is bounded wefterly by Ontarm co.
and northerly by Lake Ontario, the On-
ondago river, and Oneida Lake. The
county courts are heki in the village of
Aurora, in the townOiip of Scipio.
This county is admirably fituated for
inland navigation, being interfe£ked by
the two navigable rivers Seneca ana
Oi'wego, having befides 5 lakes and a
numMr of creeks. Fc ' an account of
the referved lands, fee Military TVtvm-
/bips. There were 1 3 1 3 of the inhabit-
ants qualified to be electors in 1796, aa
appeal's by the State cenfus.
Ononoaco, formerly the chief town
of the Six Nations, fituated in a very
pleafant and fruitful country, and con-
fided of five fmall towns or villages,
about 30 miles S. W. of Whitedown.
Onondagoes, a tribe of Indians
who live near Onondago Lake. About
%o years fince they could fumifh a6o
warriors. In 1779 a regiment of men
was fent from Albany, by Gen. I. Clin-
ton, who furprifed the town ot this tribe,
took 33 priloners, killed ix or 14, and
returned without the lofs of a man. A
part of the Indians were then ravaging
the American frontiers. This nation,
which now confids of 450 fouls, receives
annually from the State of New- York,
2,000 dollars ; and from the United
States about 450 dollars.
Onslow, a maritime county of Wil-
mington didri£l, N. Carolina, W. of
Cape Lookout. It contains 5,387 in-
habitants, including 1748 flaves. Chief
town, Swnnfborough.
Onslow, a townfhip of Nova- Scotia,
Halifax co. at the head of the Bafin of
Min^s, 35 miles N. I^. of Windior, and
46 N.
"*;
%
594 O N Z
46 N. by W. of Halifax. It was fettled
by emigrantt from New-England.
Ontario, one of that grand chain of
lakes which divide the United States
from Upper Canada. , . is fituated he-
fween lat. 4j. 15. and 44, N. and lon^.
76. 30. ai.'l to. W. Its form is nearly
elliptical; its greateft length is from S.
W. to N. £, andit$<:ircumference about
€00 miles^ The divifion line between
the State of New- York and Canada,- on
the N. pafles through this lake and leaves
within the Unittd States 3,390,000
acres of the water of Lake Ontario, a«-
^ordinj; to the calculation of Mr. Hutch-
ins. It abounds with fi(h of an excel-
lent flavour^ among which are the Of-
wego bafs, weighing 3 or 4 lbs. Its
banks in many places are fteep, and the
ibuthern ihore is covered principally
with beech trees, and tl;e lamls appear
food. It communicates with Lake Erie
y the river Niagara. It receives the
waters' of Geneifee river from the S.
luid of Cnondftgo, at Fort Ofwego, from
the S. E. by which it communicates
througli Oneida Lake, and Wood Creek,
with tl>c Mohawk river. On the N. E.
the lake tlifchargts it(eU* into the river
Cat::!aqui, (which at Montreal takes the
namr of St, Lawrence) into the Atlantic
Ocean. It is aflbrtcd that the.'e lakes
^11 once in feven years ; but the fa^ is
doubted. The inlands are all at the
«afttin end, thechief of which are Wolf,
Arifiherd, Gnge, and Howe lilands.
Ontario, a large, fertile county of
New-York> comprehending the Gtnef-
fee countiy, and bounded N. by the
lake of its name. It is well watered by
Genefiee river, its tributaries, and a
number of fmall lakes. Here are 8
townfliips, viz Geneflte, Erwine, Jeru-
falem, Williamfturg, Toulon, Seneca,
tioomfield, and Canadaqun, or Kanan-
daigua, which is the laff chief town, fitu-
ated at the N.W. corner pfCanandaiqua
Lake, 15 miles W. of Geneva, and 30
N. E. of Willianfilburg. This county
was taken from Montgomery in 1789,
and in 1790 containetl 1075 inhabi-
tants, including 11 (laves. Such hns
been the emigration te this coimty,
tha': there were, in 1796, 1258 of the
inhabitnacs who were qual'fted to be
«le£lors.
Onzan, a cape or point on the north
co:ift of Brazil, opposite to cape St.
Lawreaccf forming together tlu: poinis
O R A
of Laguai^ba river} th|i litter cape be-
ing on the weft fide of Uie river. The
river is 10 league* S. £. by £« of Bohta
Baxa.
OoNALASHKA» one of the i^ands of
the northern ^rchijpelago, on ^be N.
W. coaft of America, the natives of
which have the appearance of being a
very peaceable people, being much po-
liflied by the RuHians, who alfo keep
them in fubjeJlion. There is a chan-.
nel between this and the land to the
noith, about a mile broad, in which are
foundings from 40 to 17 fathoma. N«
lat. 53. 55. W. long. i66« 31.
Opeckon Cr£«/(,in Virgima,«ibutb-
weft water of Patowmac rivei*.
Opps, a village in NorthanApfton <o.
Pennfylvania, 6 miles fouth-eaft of Beth-
lehem, and about 7 north by eaft of
Quaker's Town.
Or, Caped'i in Nova-Scotia, is fitu-
ated on thenorthddeoftheBafinof Mi-
nas. Some imall pieces of copper have
been found here.
Or A Cabecv. Bay, on the north Gda
of the illand of Jamaica^ in the W. In-\
dies, has a (trong fort on the ealt fide,
and Salt Giit welferly; at both thefe
places is good anchorage for large vef-
fels.
Oranai, qi' Favai, one of the Sand*
wich IHands in the N. Pacific Ocean, 9
miles from Mowee and Morotoi. The
fourh point is in lat. ao. 46. north, and
l6ng. 156. 52. weft.
Orangs Key, one of the Bahama
in.inds, in the W. IndicA. N. lat. 24,
18. welt long. 79. 37.
Orange, a bay on the north-eaft
cofift ot the iiliind of Jamaica, E. N. £.
of tb: high mountain, a little within
lard, under which is Crawfbrd's-Town.
Alio a bay at the not th-welt end of the
fame iAand, between Green-lfland N,
and North Negril harbour S. or S. W.
Orange, a cape, the eaft point of
Oyapok river, S. E. of Cayenne Ifland.
N. lat. 4. 20. W. long. 50. 50.
Orange Kfy, or Cay, a fmall ifland
in Oi-ange bay, at tlie north-weft end of
the ifland cf Jamaica.
Orange, a county of Vermont, which
in ijtjo, contained 10, $19 inltabitants.
Since that titne feverai other counties
have been er&5led out of it. It is bound-
ed weft by part of Addifon and Chit-
tenden counties, and enft by Connejfi-
cut river. It now coataips to townihips,
y The
O R A
Th« cowntytown, Newbury, and the
townfliips loutb of it, viz. Bradfbrd,
Fairlee and Thetford front Conne£licut
river. It is high land, and fend« nu-
merous Itreams in oppofu^direftions,
both to Conne£licut rivtr and to Lake
Ch»mplain.
Orange, a townfhip oil the north
Tne of the above county, in the north-
eaft corner of,which is Knox's Moun-
tain.
pliANCE, formerly Cardigan, a town-
fljip in Grafton co. Ncw-Hanip(hirey
which gives tile to an eaft branch of
Malicomy river. It was incorporated
in 1796} conains 131 inhabitants ^ and
is 10 miles eaft of Dartmouth College.
Orange, a townihip of MaflTachu-
fetts, fituated on the eaft line of Hamp-
(hire co. on Miller's river, 94. miles N.
W, by W.of Botlon. It was incorpo-
rated in 1783, and contains 784 inhabi-
tants.
Orange, a mountainous and hilly
county of New- York, which contains
all that part of the Siate bounded fuuth-
»erly by the State of New-Jerfey, weft-
' trly by tlie State of Pennlylvania, eaft.
erly by the middle of Hudfon's river,
and northerly by an eaft and weft line
from thv* middle of Murderer's Creek.
It is dividfd into 8 townfhips, of which
^ Goihcn is thechie'^^ and contains 18,402
inhabitant!'., of whom 2098 are eleft-
ors, and 9>'j6,flnve8. In this county
are railed .*arge quantities of excellent
butter, which is colKfled at Newburgh
and New- Wind (or, and thence tranf-
ported to New- York. On the N. (ide
of the moutitains' in this.county, is a
Vciy valuable tr<\&i called the DfowneJ
l,aii(ist containing about 40 or 50,000
acres. The waters which defccnd from
tlir furrounding hills, being bu*^ flowiy
diichaigcd by the river ifliiing from it,
cover rhelle vaft meadows every winter,
and render them extremely fertile; but
they expofe the inhabitants of the vi-
jcinity to incermittcnts. Wallkill river,
which pifles through this trail and
empties jtuo Hudlbn river, is, in the
fpring, ftored with very large eels in
great plenty, The bottom of this river
is a broken rock ; and i* is fuppoled that
for iqool. the channel might be deep-
fned fo as to drain off the waters, and
thereby redeem from the floods a large
trafk of rich land, for grafs| hemp and
Ifndian^orn,
O R A ^ $9$
Orange, called alfo OraitgeJak, m
town in EiToc -co. New.Jerley, contain-
ing about So houles, a Prtikytrriai|
church, and a flouriftiing academy, and
lies north- weft of Newark, adicinui^.
Orange, a cb. of Hillibo^ough dtf.
tri£l, North-Carolina; bounded north
by Cafwell co. and foutit by Chatham*
The rivers Haw and Enoe in thiscoun.
ty have rich lands. on their borders, ft
contains I2,zi6 inhabitants, of whom
2060 are (laves. Chi,.l'town, HilUbo-
rough.
Orange, a county of S. Carolina,
in Orangeburg diliridl.
O B A N G E , a county of Virginia, bound-
ed north by Culpepper, and fouth by
Albemarle. It contains 9921 inhabi-
tants, including 442 1 flaves. Thecouit-
houfe is fituated ao«f)iles fiom Culpeip-
percourt-houle, 30 from C harlottevilU:,
and 273 from Philadelphia.
Orangebukg, ndilhi^lofS. Caro-
lina, bounded ibuth-weft by Savannah
river; eaft by the river 6antee, and
north-eaft by the Corigaree, which di-
vide it from Camden dillriSl; fouth by
Beaufort, and Ibuth-ealt by Charlefton
diftriil. It contains 18,513 inhabi-
tanfsi of whom 5931 are flaves. Sends
to the State: ItgidatUre 10 repreicuta-
tives and 3 I'enaturs ; and with the dif-
trift of Beaufort, one member to Con-
grefs. It is divided into 4 counties,
viz. Lewifburg, Orange, Lexington ai]d
Winton.
Orang<. burgh, a poft town of S.
Carolina, and capital o^ the above dii-
tri£V, is on the "E. fide of the N. branch
of Edifto river. It has a court-houfe,
gaol, and about 50 iiuules; diftant 77
miles N.N.W.ofCharlcftown, 36 fouth-
erly of Columbia, and 7x1 from Phila-
delphia. ,
O r /» s G E T ow N , or Greenland, a plan-
tation in Cumberland co. Maine, N. W.
of Waterford. One branch of Sohgo
river rifes in the northern part of this
plantation, within about -^ miles of
Amarilcoggin river, where tlitre is a.
pond, 2 miles long, called Songo Pond,
from thence the ftie.im luns louthward.
It is very difficult to cfFe£l roads through
this mountainous coiirtry; lome of the
mountains alfording precipices 200 feet
perpendicular. The fides of the moun>
tains and vallies are fertile, produce good
crops, and in Ibme inftanccs aftbrd wild
onions vylucV relemble thofe that are
cultivated
)^ g O It F
«UtlvKt«<f. Winter ry^i which U tlif
«Mtf pitidvcii lud amovmted to so bufh-
tU an Mr«, The co\intry in the neigh-
b«MN'hood ftx'merly aboiuuled with vn-
iltty of gnmei vi«. moofe, dcvr, bcnriit
lieaver» raccoon, M>Wt Sec, h«it nncr
it hai hwn inhnhitcd, awwt h;»» become
litarcei Ueer ait cxtirpatnl ln>m the
vicinity) (hn>« miMfe I'cmuin antong
tte muuntainst ami a ftw benvri'i that
a^ too ta^i^ucinutt to be nk<K\ by the
moil crafty hunter. Since the <lecr
have been tlcrt»\>yiU» the wnlvc* h;\ve
wholly Iel> thia part of the country.
Okanobtown, in Orantfc co. New.
Yo<-k, i» (ituateii on the welt fule of ttic
TapiKtnSea, oppfite Philiplburgh, and
•howt a? nWlea north of New. York city.
Tlvt townikip is bouiulcd ciUttily by
NnJtcn^a river, ami fouthcrly by the
State of Nr\¥ Jerfey. It contain* 1175
irthabitanttk} of whom 16a aitcle<£tora,
•ml ao) arc (lives.
OiiANOBTOWN, in Wafljington co.
MaiiMT) it 19 inUes diftant tix)m Ma-
chi:«a.
Orchilla, one of the Leewanl
Idamis in the WcU- Indies, ritvu\t(\( near
the caift of Terra Firma, S. America j
betwetn the \([a\\<U of Tortuga and Ro-
ca,' 15 or 16 leagues north-well of the
twiner, ami 6 or 7 E, and ?.. by N. of
the latter. It is about 8 leagxirs long.
On the S. and S. W. fide, tlie (hand is
ftcep and hoKi, fo that a (liip may lay
her broad fide clofc to the (norej but
the north fide is find and rocky. Here
is no Rootl water, nor iiuKtxl any thing
elfe but (helter from northerly winds,
and govt's flrfh. It is dividal into Ic-
veral (laall iHaiids, fcparatcil from each
other by shallow canals. N. lat. 11. 5a.
W. lon^. 6 c. 15.
Orcos, a lake of Pern.
Orpado /{cfl, near thecoaft of Peril,
is 4 miles ib\ith by eail of Port Callao.
Near it ai« tome (mailer ones, and
l-ound them from 9 to 16 fathoms water.
Oni\H0Vt or OreehoM, a fmall elc-
vntevl illind, cloie to the north fide of
Oiieehcow, one of the Sandwich Iflands j
with which it is co»ne61ed by a reef
o' eorsi rocks. It contains about 4000
inhibitnnts. N. lat. as. a. W. long.
160. 8.
Oregan River. See /f»wr 0/ the
Wefi.
Orford* a to^-n(hip in Gmfton co.
New-hamp(htre, fituatcd on the call
0^0
bank of Coimc<5>ic»it river, about if
niiles notih of Manovei'i and oppolite
to Fail Ice in Vernionti 39J miles N.N.
K. of Philadelphia. It was incorporat* .
ed in 1761, and contains ^40 inhahi' '
rants. The (nan-rock, which kna the
proptrty of fiijlei's earth In cleanf.
ing cloth, is (bund lure) ntfo .tllili^
ore, (Vre-ltone (tt for bnildlng, and
a grey'lKine, in gtttit deman<1 (or miiU
ftones, lYikonrd equal in quality to the
imnort;d burr (tones.
OitP0Ni>, t^fl/r, the nuth-weftern-
mo(t point of the large idand tu the
we(lwai\l of Falkluiul's vSound in the
Falkland's Ifiands, in the S. Atlantic
Ocean, an«l iotith-ead of Cn|)e Percival.
Orinoko. Sec Or^mh Rivtr,
ORLKAN9, the middle of the three
norihfrn cotnUics of Veiwont. A pint
of Lake Meinphicmagog projefls into
the northern pvrt of it from Canada,
It contains »j townfliips. It is very
high land, and lends its waters in almoit
every «lirci\ion of the compaCs. .Clyde,
Barton and Klack rivers empty intoi
Lake Mcmphif magog j the waters o|\
manyhranchfRof Millilcoui, La Moelle, '
and Oni'>n rivers, lifing here, fall into
Lake Champlatn) thule of M\ilhegun
and Paiuinpiick empty into ConncAicut
river.
Orleans, a tnwnlhlp in the co. of *
Barnflabic, MnfluchMtVtts, taken from
the (outhcrly pHit of Eaftliam, ind in^^
corpora ted 1797.
OrlfaNvS, Ifie ef, is fituatcd in tlM
river St. Lawivnce, a fmall diflance.
below Q^icbec, and Is remarkable for
the rkhiids of its foil. It lies in the
middle of the river, the channel is upon
the S. fide of the idnnd, the N. fide ncit
having depth of water at full tide, even
for (Itallops. The S. W. end of tlw
ifland is called Point Orleans. The^i
coart is rocky for a mile and a hallT*
within the S, channel, where there is a
careening place for merchant fliips.
Round point Levi, and along the S. K.
fide of the river, the (hore is rccky, but
the middle of tho balon is entirely free.
Orleans, New, See Nrw Or leant*
Orleans, Old For<, k fituated oa
the W. bank of a bend of Mitlburi riv-
er, in Lmiifiana, a confidcrablc difiunce
from its mouth.'
t)RODADA Pena, on the eoajl of
Pern, is two leagues duenorthof Lobos
dc Pajt*, and a ibufU by >vert of Payta.
0R0MC0T0(
OfRO
vsleki
river.
tmve I
quoddy
Oko
live net
nifh 10
OiiO
Jargeft
inarkal
% year
ing
it'main
which
itnte
Thefe
and ev
of the
An the
Miount
*
OKO
OK is.
0ROMeOTOi h river of New Brtmf'
^ick» which cmpliei into 8t. Joitn*i
rivtr. By thii piiAlige tiie Imiiiini
Imve a commvntcBtion with Pntruma-
qviodtly Bay.
OhonpockBi nn Indian tribe who
live near Tiuitt Klvicrei, niid could iur-
nlfli too warrloi'i about «o yean tgo.
OronokOi w OroHoqtte, oneot the
largeft riven of S. Americni nnd !• re-
innrlcable for iti rlfing and laligig once
% year only i for H gradunlly rifm dur-
ing the (pace of 5 monthi, nnd then
ifmaini one month ftationui-y, nfter
which it falla for c month*, nnd in tliut
ltnt« contin>.iei tor one month alio,
Thcfe "trernate chancci arc rcgnliu'i
and even invariable. Perh:i|ii the rirmi^r
of the watert of the river, may depcml
on the raini which conliantly IhII in ilie
Hiountainti of the Andfn, (where thr
river lint iti fource) every yeiir alwut
the month of April) and though the
^ heisht of the flood depcndi much upon
the nreadth or extent of the bed of the
river, yet in one part where it ia nar<»
mwert, rt rites to the aftonifhing height
of tao (vet. The mouth of the river i«
S, bv B. of the Oulf of Paria, in lat. 8.
50. N. and long. 59. 50. W. and oppo-
life to the Ifland ot Trinidad. It is large
and navigable, and hat many good towns
on its bnnlcst that are chiefly mhabited
by the SiMmfl), and is Jolnetl aKbon the
K. fide by the Lalce Caiipa. There
are two other illandt at its mouth, the
entrance to which it alfo fomevvhat dan<
gerous, as there is fi-equently a dreadful
conflict between the tide of the ocean
and the current of the river, that mull,
for the reatbns afligned, fometimet run
very rapidly. It is faid the river, In-
cluding its windings, takes a courfc of
1380 miles, and jircfcrves the frcflincCs
of its waters tivehm Ua^ues fronj ti»c
moMth of that vaft and deep channel,
within which it was confined. It in»y
be confidered, however, as having many
mouths, which are formed by the
idnnds that tie before its opening to.
wards the ocean \ yet there are only two
that are conlldered as of any ule for the
piu'pofes of navigation. Thefe are
the channels of Sabarima and Corobnna,
otherwlfe called Caribbiana. The lat-
ter lies in a S. by W. direftion, and
is alio divided into two diitlnflxhan.
R.U that afterwardi meet again at the
^ iiUad of Trinidad hi the mouth of the
isff
Oram! river. But piloti pretend to'
fny, that the mottth of this great river^
bi'gini from the river Amugora, reKJi-
ing from thenee to the river Sabarima,
and from thelce nhout to the river Ca-
ribbiana ( and t<>n»c Hccmintt Rate its
moutha to he 40 in number, us it it were
a collection of manyrivtii, all uititiMt
at ti^i month of tlie grcnt river, and flP
fiiling to convey (he mnin l^rv.xm of that
river into the ocean. The weft pafTage
or channel of the river Uronol^'j, called
by the Spaniards the Oulf of Paria, lies
lictween Cape Salinns on thf main and
tlio noMh-wcft point of t^ni ifland of
Trinidml. It contains feverat iflaiida*
which divide the flrcnm of tlie river in-
to <(*vcral brancltes, particularly the
(Ircnt Boco, or mouth, which it the
fiifiernmoi^, being about gun fliot wide»
but having no fonndinffs, with too fa-
thoms, and the Little Boco, or Mouthy
which is the weiternmoft, being almoft
as wide as the other, and havins ground
at fi-oin 50 to 60 fathoms. At NewCane
Araya, on the northward fide of th«
month oF this river, are l^)t pits, whicit
yield the fined fait in the world. In
Ibme map*, tl^ hcad«waters are called
Intrchia. «
Oronoko, LittU. SteMocomo(9,
Oropbsa, a town in the jtirifdiAioit
of LaPiata, S. America) fltuated 6a
miles N. W. of that city, in the valley
of Cochabamba, on a fmall rivulet which
empties into the river Guapay. It ba«
a confiderable trade in corh and fruiit.
Oropesa, s town of S. America, in
Peru, featcd at the foot of the moun-
tains, 750 miles from Lima, and 1 50 N.
E. of Potofi. S. lat. 18. W. long 63.
30. '
Orphan's Bank, a flfliing bank of
the S. E. ])oint of Chaleur> Bay, on
the N. £. coaii: of New-Brunfwick, in
N. America. On it it from 75 to 30
fathoms water.
Orphan's J^mf, a fettlement be-
longing to Hancock co. Diliriit of
Maine, having 124. inhabitants.
Orrington, a plantation in Han*
cock CO. Diftriil of Maine, having 477
inhabitants. It lies on'the esft fide «>■(
Penoblcot river, 16 miles above Buck!-
town, and 256 N. N. E. of Bofton.
Orua, Ot'ubo, or Arubat the mof^
wefterly of tlic Caribbee iflands in the
Weft Imlies, called by the Spanianis
[ Las lAas dc So^toycnto. It is on the
coaik
i9«
6$d
**-
cpaft of the Sptmifli Main. K. tat. ts.
J. W. long. 69. 3. j,
OnuROt a jurifdi^lion in the arch-
btOioDric of La Plata. Its c:ipital is
San Phetipe de . Auftria «k Oriiro» 30
leagues from the city of L?Flata.
OrweL, a townfliip of Vermont, the
norih-weft«rnnioft in Rutland co. and
ited on the eaft fide of Lalie Cliam-
It contains 778 inhabitants,
lount . Independence (lands in this
townfliip oppofite Ticenderogn, in the
State of New- York. Near Mount In-
dependence is a chalybeate fpring.
OsAGESiir an Indian nation who in-
habit fouth.ofthe Miffi>uri» andean fur-
bUH ^o warriors.
Os'ages, a river of Louifiana, which
rans eaftward to the MifToiiri.
OsNA9UKG» a fraall Uland in the S.
Pacific Ocean, having the appearance
of the roof of a houCe. It is about 4
leagues in circuit } is high land } full of
cocoa-trees ; Itns' no {anchoring place,
and fcarcely affords landing for a boat.
It was difcovered by Capt. Wallis, and
is called Maitta by the natives. S. [at.
17. s*. W. long. 148. 6.
OsNABURG, another ifland in the fame
lea, difcovered by Capt. Carteret. ^.
lat. si. W. long. 14.1. 34.
OsnaburgHou/^ afettlementofthe
Hudfon's Bay Company, in N.America ;
iituated at the N. B: corner of Lake St.
Jofeph, i»o miles W. by S. of Gloucef-
ter Houfe. N. lat. 51 . W. long. 90. 1 5.
Osorno, ;m inland town of rhe king-
<lom of Chili, fituated on the N. bank
of the river Buena; 41 miles E. of the
fea-coafl, and 45 S. E. of Baldivia. The
adjacent country is far from being fruit-
ful, but very fkh in gold mines, which
renders the place very populous. S. lat.
40. 30. W. long. 71. 50.
OssABAW Soundmnd JJland, on the
coaft of the State of Georgia. The
found opens between Waflaw Ifland
on the N. and Oilabaw Ifland on the S.
and leads into the river Ogeechee.
OssiFEE, or Ofapy, a townfhip,
mountain, and pond, in New-Hamp-
ihire, in Stnifford co. near the E. line
of the State, The town was incorpo-
rated in 1785, and has 139 inhabitants;
The lake lies N. E. of Winnipifeogee
Lake, between which and OfTipee Lake
is QJ^pee Mountaia, defcribsd in the
account of New-Uampfhire. Its waters
run £. and, joined by South river, form
Gr'tai 6jjipa Rivert which empties tnttf
Saco river, near the divilion line be-
tween York and Cumhciland counties^
in Maine, between Limer xk and Gor-
ham< ^ '
OssnosiaH, or AjimbayHf Jndianst
a tribe found about tlie fburcei of Offno.^
bian or Afleneboyne river, fat W. of
Lake Superior. They are faid by the
Moravian miflionaies to live wholly on
animal food, or at leaft to confine them-
felves to the I'pontaneous produflions'
of nature; giving thole who dig the
groimd, the appellation of y{avf^.« Bread
is unknown to them. A traveller, who
lived Ibme months Intheir country, of-
fered to fome a few remnants of bread,
which they chewed and fpit out again,
calling it rotten wood. Thef'e Indians,
as well as thofe numerous nations who
inhabit the countiy from Lake Superior,
towards the Shining Mountains, are
great admirers of the beft hunting-
hoiTes, in which the country abounds.
The horfes prepared by them for hunt^
$;rs, have large holes cut abo'/e their na-
tural nofirils, which they fay makes
them longer winded.than others not thus
prepared. The Offnobians have no
permanent place of abode, but live
wholly in tents, made of buffaloe and
other hides, with which they travel
from one place to •»nother, like the
Arabs \ and as foon as the food for their
horfes is expemled, they remove, and
pitch their tents in another fertile Ipot ;
and lb ort continually, fcarcely ever re-
turning to4he fame I'pots again.
OsTico, a Onall lake in Onondago,
CO. New-York, pactly in the S. £. cor-
ner of Marcellus, and N. W. corner of
the townfhip of Tully. * It fends its
waters from the N. end, which is eight
miles S. weflerly of Onondago Caftle,
by a flrcam 16^ miles long, to Sale
Lake.
OSTINES, or CharleJIo'wn, a confider-
able town in the ifland of Barbadoes.
O s WE G AT CH I E /{iwr and Za*^, in
Herkemer co. New- York. The river
empties into the river St. Lawrence, or
Cataraqui. Ofu'e[t;atchie Lake 'ti about
19 miles long, from S. W. to N. £. and
7 broad, and fends its waters north-eaft-
ward into the river of its name. It is
about 10 miles S. E. of The Tlwuf^nd
Lakes, near the entrance into Lake
Ontario. There is a fort of the fume
name fituated on the Cataraqui river,
58 miles
Ot A
5t miles N. E. oS Kingltoiif on Lakt
Ohntario.
OswiSATCHiEs, an Indian tribe
Kfiding at Swagatchey*< ^a th« river St.
Lawrence* in Canada They could
ftimiOi about too warriort, so year*
fince.
OcwEGOy a navigable river of New-
York, which conveys the waters of
Oneida and a number of fmall lakes,
into Lake Ontario. It is more com-
monly called Ott<mdag9; which fee.
OsWBOO, a fortrefs ittuated on the
£. fide of the mouth of the above river,
and fouth-eaftern iide of Lake Ontario,
in lat. 4-}. i8. N. and long. 76. 30. W.
It was taken by the Britiih from the
French in 1756, and confirmed to them
by the peace of 1763. It was delivered
up to the United States, July 14, 1796.
It is about 150 or i(>o miles £, by N.
of Niagara.
Otabalo, a jurirdi£lion of the pro-
vince of Quito, joined on the fouth to
that of San Miguel de Ibarra. The
lands are laid out in plantations^ and
produce great quantities of fugar. The
Indians in tlie villages, as alfo thofo
who are independent, nianufa£ture great
variety of cottons, viz. carpets, pavil-
ions for beds, quilts in damalk work,
wholly of cotton, either white, blue, or
variegated with different colours } alj
which are highly valued, both in the
province of Quito and Pei-u, where
they are difpofecTof to great advantage.
The wheat and barley here, is fowed
like Indian corn, in little holes, a fool
diftant from each other, putting 5 or 6
corns into each ; and they generally
reap above an hundredfold. The coun-
try is remarkably fertile, and large
quantities of cheefe are made.
Otabalo, the principal village of
the above jurifdi£lion, is large and po-
pulous, and faid to contain 18,000 or
ao,ooo fquls. Among them is a con-
fiderable number of Spaniards.
Otaha, one of the Society IHands
in the S. Pacific Ocean, whofe north
end is in lat. 16. 33. fouth, and long.
151. 20. wefT. Tt his X good harbours.
See Ohofitene and Oherurua.
Otaheite, \.\ifiSagitaria oi(^voi,
who firfl dilcovered it in i6o5, one of
the Society Iflands, in the South Sea.
It was lirft vifited by Capt. Wallis, in
1767, and atterwanis by Capt. Cook
aivl other circumnavigators. It conGfts
OTA 99f
' of* peninfulas, which are connefted by
a low neck of land, about % miles ov«r |
the circumferrtwe of both peninfulas
is fomewhat more than 90 miUs. Th«
whole ifland is furrounded Sy a reef of
coral rocks, within which the ihoit
forms fevei-al excellent bays and har-*
hours, where there is room and dtpth
of water for any number of the larg||
fbips. Tlw face of the country, ex.
cept that part of it which borders upon
the fea, is very uneven ; it rife* in ridges
tliat run up into the middle ot the ifland*
and there torm mountains, that may
be feen at the diftance of 60 miles.
Between thefe ridges ami the fea i« a
border of low land, extending along all
tlie coatl, except in a tiew places, where
the ridges rife du-e£kly trotn the fea*
This border is of different breadths, but
no where more than a mile and a half.
There are feveral rivers much larger
than could be expected from the extent
of the ifland j among the rocks through
which thefe precipitate their waters
from the mountains, not the leafl ap.
pearance pi minerals is to be found.
The ftones fhew evident tokens of bar-
ing been burnt. Traces of fire are alfo
manifeft in the very, clay upon the hills.
It may therefore not unrealbnably be
Aippofed, that this. and the neighbour^
ing iAands are either fhatteied remains
ot a continent, which were left behind
when the reft was funk by the explo-
fion of a fubterraneous fire, or have been>
torn from rocks under the bed of the
fea, by the fame caufe, 'and thrown up
in heaps to an height which the waters
never reach. The foil, except upon
the very tops of the ridges, is extremely
rich and fertile, watered by a great
number of rivulets of excellent water,
and covered with fruit trees of various
kinds, fome of which are of a ftately
growth and thick foliage, fo as to form
one continued wood ; even the tops of
the ridges, though in general bare and
burnt Up by the fun, are in fome parts
not without their produce. The low
landi between the foot of the ridge^
and the lea, and fome of the interjacent
vallies, are the only parts of the ifland
that are inhabited. Here indeed it is
papulous. The houfes do not form
villages or towns, but are ranged along
; the whole border, at the diftance of
about 50 yards from each other. When
jch? lAaud was firft dilc/vered, bogs,
dogs
\
40d
OTa
;t
li^ tnd poultry were the! Only Hmt
mimalt i dticks, pigeons, paroquets,
with a fiew other birds anil rats, the only
wild animak. The breed of hogs has been
greatly improved by fome m a larger
Kind, thai were left by the Spaniards in
1774. Goats were nrft introduced by
Capt. Cook in 1773 i to thefe the Spa-
i^tds have added fome, and they are
now in fuch plenty, that every chief of
amy note as them. Cats wa-e left by
Capt. Cook, and European dogs of fe-
veral forts by the Spaniards. In 1777,
the ftock of new animals received the
important addition of a turkey cock and
lien } a peacock and hen ; a gander and
3 geefe j a drake and 4 ducks ; a horfe
and mare j a bull and 3 cows. A bull
and a ram had ^ been alfo left by the
Spaniards. Beafts of prey, or noxious
reptiles, -there are none. The vegeta-
ble productions are bread-fruit, cocoa,
nuts, bannanas\>f 13 forts, and all ex-
cellent ; plantains ) a fruit refembling
an apple) fweet potatoes, yams, and
cocoas. The people exceed the mid-
dle fize of Europeans in ftature. In
their difpofitions^ they are brave, open,
and generous, without either fufptcion
or treachery. Except a few traces of
natural cunning, and ibme traits of dif-
fimulation, eoiially artlefs and inoffen-
five, they poffefs the moft perfeft fim-
plrcity of charafter. Their aflions are
guided by the immediate impulfe of the
reigning paflion. Their paflions are
the genuine cfFufions of the heart, which
they have never been taught to difguife
or reprefs, and are therefore depiftured
by the ftrongeft expreflltons of counte-
nance and gefturci Their feelings are
lively, but in no cafe pennanent : they
are aflPefted by all the changes of the
Saffing hour, and refleft the colour of
le time, however frequently it may
vary. Their vivacity is never dlfturb-
ed by anxiety ot care, infomitch, that
when brought to the brink of the grave
by difeale, or when preparing to go to
battle, their faces are unclouded by
melancholy or ferious refieftion. Their
language is. foft and melodious j it
abounds vfith wels, and is eafily pro-
nounced. It is rich in beautiful and
figurative expreflions, and admits of
that inverted arrangement of words,
which diflinguiflies the ancient from
moft modem languages. It is la copi-
ous, thatforthc bread-fruit alone they
6tl
hive above twenty names'.' Add to thili
that befides the common dialeA, they
often e«poftulate in a kind of ftanza or
recitative, which is anfwered ,in the
fame manner. The * peninfuhis' form-
erly made but one kingdom. They
are now divided into two, under the
names of Opureanou Or Otaheitenooe,
and Tiiabou } although Otoo, the fove>
reign of the former, (till pofleifes a iw-
minal fuperiority over the latter, and is
ftyled kmg of the whole ifland. To
him alfo the ifland of Eimeo is fubjeA.
Thefe kingdoms are fubdivided into
diftri£ts, each with its refpeJlive chief.
The number of inhabitants in 1 774., was
ettiraated by Capt. Cook at »04,ooo.
Wars are frequent between the two
kingdoms, and perhaps between iepa-
rate diftrifts of each. The inhabitants
of Eimeo are often -excited by fome
powerful chief to aifert their independ-
ence. The power 9nd ftrength of this
and the neighoouring ifland s lie entirely
in their navies ) and all their decifiv^
battles are fought on the water. C ta-
heite alone is Aippoild able to fend out
1710 war canoes, and 68,000 able men.
The chief of eachdiftrift fuperintends
the equipping of the fleet in that dif-
tri£l ; but they muft all p^fs in review
before the king, fo that he knows the
ftate of the whole before they alTcmble
to go on fervice. Otaheite lies in about
1 8 deg. of S. lat. and 1 sodeg. of W. Ion.
Otakoctai, a fmall ifland in the 8.
Pacific Ocean, 4 leagues fromWateeoo,
and about 3 miles in circuit. S. lat. 19.
15. W. long. 158. »3.
Otchie^, a bay on the north coaft
of St America, to theweftward of the
river or creek called Urano, and eaft of
Cape Caldero.
Otbavanooa, a large and fpacioni
harbour and bay ort the louth- weft coaft
of the ifland of Bolabola, one of the So-
ciety Illands. S. lat. 16. 30. W. long.
151., 43.
OfiSFiELD, a plantation in<Jumber-
land CO. Dittrict of Maine, eaft of
Bridgetown in York co. and is* miles
N. N. E. of Bofton. A ftreaim from
Songo Pond pafles through the weflerly
part of this town, on its way toSebago.
It is very free of ragged hills and moun-
tains. The greateft part of it aifbnls a
growth of beech, maple, afli* bafs, and
birch, and is good laad.' It containa
197 inhabitants.
OTOOAMIE8,
O TT
OtOOAMiBS, tin Indian nxtioa In the
N. W. territory, who inhabit between
the Lake of the Woods and Miflifippi
river. Warrior* 300.
OtO(^b» an ifland on the N. Pacific
Ocean, or W. coaft of New-Mexico,
fttuated in the Bav of Panama, 1 7 league*
8. of the city of that name, from whence
it i* fupplieo with provifions. N. lat.
7. 50. W. long. it. 10.
Otsboo, a county of New- York,
on the S. Me of Mohawk river, oppo-
fite the German Flats. The head
watcn of Sufquehannah, and the Cook-
qoago branch of Delaware, interfe6l
this county' Here are alfo the lakes
Otfegro, ind Caniaiierago, which fend
their waters, in an united (tream, to the
Stttquehannah. It contains 9towii(hips,
vis. Kortrieht, Harpersfield, Franklin,
Chemr Valfey, Dorlach, Richfield, Ot-
fego,' Burlington, and Unadilla. It con-
tained, a few years ago, about 1000
inhabitants; but fuch has been the
rapid fettlement of this county, that in
January 1 796, it contained 3137 inhabit-
ants, qualified to be electors. In 1791,
when this county was but thinlr fettled,
as many as 300 chefts of mapae fugar^
were manwfȣlured liere, 4oolbs. each.
The courts are held at Cooperflown, in
the townfhip of Otfeg^o.
Otseoo, atownihipand lake, in the
county above defcribed. The townfhip
viras taken from Unadilla, and incorpo-
rated in 1796. On the E. the townfhip
enclofes Lake Otfcgo, which feparates
it from Cherry Valley. Lake Otfego
is about nine miles long, and little more
than a mile wide. The lands on its
banks are very good, and the cultivation
of it eafy. In 1790, it contained 1701
inhabitants, including 8 flaves. By the
ftate cenfus of 1796, there wwe 490 of
its inhabitants electors.
OTTAWAS,an Indian nation in the N.
W. territory, who inhabit the E. fide
of Lake Michigan, at miles from Michi-
limackinack. Their hunting grounds
lie betvveen Lakes Michigan and Huron.
They could funiifli aoo warriors 20
years ago. A tribe of thefe alfo lived
near St. Jofeph^s, and had 1 50 warriors.
Another tribe lived withtlieChippewas,
on Saguinnra Bay, who together could
raife 200 warriors. Two of thefe tribes
lately hoftile, figned the treaty of peace
with the United States, at Greenville,
Augufl 3d, 1795. In confequence of
O U A
401
lands ceded by them to the United
States, government has agreed to pay'
them in goods, 1000 dollar* a year^
for ever.
Ottawas, a large river of Canfda,
which empties into the St. Lawrenct
at Ihe Lake of the Two Mountains, 9
miles from Montreal. The commtmi.,
cation of the city of Montreal with th#
high lands, by thisiiver, if not imprac-
ticable, is at leaft veryexpenfive and pre*
caripus, by reafon of its rapids and falls.
Otter Bay, on the fouth coaflof the
iflaiki of Newfoundland, is between
Bear Bay and Swift Bay, and near Cape
Raye, thie fouth-weft point of the idand.
Otter Creek, called by the French
Rhiere a Lotrit, a river of Vermcmt,
which rifes in Bromley, and purfuing •
northern direction about 90 miles, emp«.
ties into Lake Champlatn at Ferrifburg ;
and in its courle receives about 1 5 fmall
tributary Areams. In it are large falls
at Rutland, Pittsford, Middkbury, and
Vergennes. Between the foils the water '
is deep and navigable for the largeft
boats. Vef&ls of any burden may go up
to the falls at Vergennes, 5 miles fi^om
its mouth. The head of this river i*
not more than 30 feet from Batten Kill^
which runs in a contrary (KreSlion, and
falls into Hudffin's river. Its mouth is
3 miles north of Bafott Harbour.
Otter Creek, a fmall dream which
empties into Kentucky river, in the State
of that name, and £. ofBoonfborough^
Otter's Heati, a fmall peninfblil^
prqje£ling from the north-eaftern fhore
of Lake Superior, and north-weft of
Michipicoton Iiland.
OuABASH. See Wabajk River.
OuAis's Bay and River, are about
2 leagues round the north point of the
ifland of Cape Breton, in the Gulph of
St. Lawrence, and fouth-fouth-weft of
the ifland of Limbach.
OuANAMiNTHE,aFrenchpari(h,8nd
village on the N. fide of the ifland of
St, Domingo, about a league and a half
W. of Daxabon, in the Spanifli part,
from which it is feparated by the river
Maflacre j 6 leagues from the mouth of
the river, and 5 &. E. of Fort Dauphin.
OUAqUAPHKNOGAW, or EkcbifaK-
oka is a lake or rather inar/h, between
Flint and Oakmulgee rivers, in Georgia,
and is nearly 300 miles in circumfer-
ence. In wet feafons it appears like an
inland fea, and has frvcral large ifland s
Cc of
4f«
au E
of rich land} one of which the pteicnt
gcKlR-ation of Creek Indiant reprefcnt
fl^ the moft bliftful fpot on earth. They
fay it is inhabited by a peculiar race of
IiKliana,whorc#omen are incomparably
beautiful . They tell that this terreftrial
paradife has been feen by Ibme enter-
prising hunters, when in purfuitof their
game, who being loft in inextricable
iWamps and bogs, and on the point of
pcrifliing, were unexpeAedly relieved
py a company of beautiful women,
whom they call daughters of the Sun,
yrho kindly gave them fuch provifions
a« they had with them, confifting of
fruit and com cakes, and then enjomed
them to fly for iafety to their own coun-
try, becaufe their huibands were flerct
men and cruel to fti-angers. They fur-
ther fay that thefe hunters had a view
of their fettlementi , (itnated on the ele-
vated banks of an ifland, in a beautiful
lake } but in all their endeavours to ap-
proach it, they were involved in perpe-
tual labyrinths, and, likeenclianted land,
ftill as they imagined they had juft
gained it, it feemed *^o fly before them;
and having quitted the delufive purfuit,
they with much difliculty effefled a re-
treat. They tell another ftory concern-
ing this (equeftered country, which
&ems not improbable, which is, that
the inhabitants are the pofterity of a
fugitive remnant of the ancient Yamafes,
who efcaped maflacre after a bloody
and deciuve battle between them and
the Creeks, (who, it is certain, conquer-
ed and nearly exterminated that once-
powerful people) and here found an
afylum, remote and fecurc from the
fury of their proud conquerors. The
rivers St. Mary and Sitilla, which fall
into the Atlantic, and the beautiful Lit-
tle St. Juan, which empties into the
bay of Appalachi at St. Mark's, are faid,
ity Bartram, to flow from this lake.
OvASiOT.o Mountains are (itviat-
ed N. W. of the Laurel Mountains in
N. Carolina and Virginia. They are
50 or 60 miles wide at the Gap, and
450 in length N. E. and S. W. They
abound in coal, lime, and free-ftone.
Their fummits are generally covered
yrhh good foil, and a variety of timber,
tnd the intervale lands are well watered.
OvEPAS, a town on the coaft of Cof-
U Rica, on the N. Pacific Ocean, and
S. of Carthago.
OviATANQN, a final] ftockaded fort
O V I
in the N. W. territory, on the wcAerrt
fide of the Wabaih river, in lat. 40. yt,
N. and long. I7, j8. W. and faid to be
about 1 30 miles foutherly of Fort St.
Joi'eph. This was formerlv a French
Coli. Thus far the Wabam is haviga-
le, 41s miles from its moiith, for hat-
teaux drawing } feet watex. A filver
mine has been difcovered here. The
neighbouring Indians are the Kickapooi,
Mufquitons, Pyankifliaws, ami a princi-
pal part of the Oti iatanons . The whole
of thefe tribes couki furnifli, about xo
years ago, 1000 warriors. The fertility
of foil, and diverfity of timber in this
country are the fame as in the vicinity
cf Poft St. Vincent.
OuiNlASKE, or Sbelbunte Bay, on
the E. fide of Lake Champlain, feta up
S. eafterly through the town of Bur-
lington, in Vermont into the northern
part of Shelburne.
OuiicoNsiNo, a navigable river of
the N. W. territorv, which empties in-
to the Mifltfippi in lat. 43. 33. and loiu^.
94. S. ) where are villages of the Sa^k
and Fox tribes of Indians. This river
has a communication with Fox river,
which, pafltng through Winnebago
Lake, enters PuanBay in Lake Michi-
gan. Between the two rivers there is
a portage of only 3 miles. On this
river and its branches refide the Indians
of its name. Warriors 300.
OuLiONT, a village of the ftate of
New- York, on the poaft-road from Hud-
fon to the Painted Poft. It is 35 miles
W. of Harpersfleld, and 50 N. E. of
Union, on Suiquehannah river, and lies
on the north fide of a creek of its name
which empties into Unadilla river.
OuTSR Buoy, in Hudfon's Bay,
lies in lat. 51. 38. N. and Ave miles £.
of North Bluff.
Outer IJUmd, onthecoaft of La-
brador, is in tlie clufter called St. Au-.
gujtine's Square; S. W. of 8andy
Ifland, and eaft of Inner Ifland.
OuTiMACSj a tubeofIt]|dians,inthet
N.W.Territory, refiding between Lakes
Michigan and St. Clair. Warriors toer.
Oven's Mouth Bay, in the diftrift
of Maine, lies on the S. fide of Booth-
bay townfliip, in Lincoln co. la miles
from the fliire town, and 190 N. by E«
ofBofton.
Ovid, a townfliip of New- York, in
Onondago co. It was incorporated in
1794- » >* feparated from Milton on the
O W H
B. by Cayuga Like, and comprehends
nil the lands in the county on the W.
fide of Seneca Lake. The centre of
the townOiip is ao miles S. oF the W.
fide of the ferry on Cayuga Lake. In
1796, there were 107 of its inhabitants
'qualified to be eleftors'.
OwASCO,a lake, partly in the towns
of Aurelius and Scipio. in Onondaf^o
CO. New- York. It is about 1 1 miles
long, and one broad, and communicates
with Seneca river on the N by a ttream
which nins through the town of Brutus.
The high road from Kaats' Kill welt-
ward, paJTes towards Cayuga ferry,
near the N. end of the lake.
OWEOO, a puft-town in Tioga co.
New-York, on the call branch of the
Sufquehannah, ao miles wefterly of
Union, 34 N. E. of Athens, at Tiog:i
Point, and %t^ from Philadelphia. In
X796, 170 of its inhabit, were electors.
OwEOO Creek, in Tioga co. frrves
as the eaft boundary of the townfliip of
its name. It has feveral fmali branches
which unite and empty through the N.
bankof theeatl branch of Suiquehannah
river, about 184 miles W. of the mouth
</f Chenengo river.
OuYATOisKA J«y and River, on
the coaft of Esquimaux, or N. fliore of
the Gulf of St. Lawrence, is to the
weftward of Natachquoin river.
OwH4iRit.BB,a harb .ur on the north-
ern pait of the weft coaft of Houaheine,
one of the Society Iflands, i$ leagues
a. W. by W. of Otaheite Ifland. S
lat. 16. 44. W. long. 151. t.
OwHYHEE, one ^tlie largeft of the
Sandwich Iflands, is about 300 miles in
circumference } betvreen tt. 50. and 10.
b6. N. lat. and between 103. 48. and ao5.
7. E. long, firom Greenwich. The ex-
tenfive mountain, named Mouna Roa,
on the S. E. part of the ifland, i« 16,020
feet high. It conflits of three peaks
which are perpetually covered with
fnow, thougn within the tropics, that
are vifible 40 leagues out at Tea. At
the fouthern end of the ifl;<iu) is a vil-
lage called Kaoo-A-poana, on the fbuth-
eaftern fide-; Aheedoo, on the north
eaftern part of the ifland ; Amakooa
is on the northern end } Tirooa on the
tiorth-wtfftern flde, where is the bay of
Toyahyah ; and on the weftern fide,
N. W. of Kaoo, is the br.y of Kara*ka-
kooa. It has the fame produAions as
tb« Society and Frieadij jflaads^ and
OXF 40f
a^ijt 150,00* inhablttntf^ who ire 111*
turally miM, friendly and hofpitable t»
ftranj^rs. Tht fea abounds with »
great variety of excellent fi(h. Th«
celebrated navigator Capr. Jimes Cook
loft his life here, by an unfortunate and
momentary icalouiV of the nativei.
OwL% Head, a head land on the Vt,
fide of Pcnobfcot Bay, in the diftriflt of
Maine. It h s a gooit harbour on th*
larboard hand as vou fro to the ea^«
waid. The hirbwu* makes with a
deep cove} has 4 fathoms water, nnd t
muddy bur torn. It it open to the E.
toN. and E. N. E. winds; but in all
other winds you are fafV. The tide
oi' flaoH lets to the elftward, and the tide
ofcbb S. W. throusrh the Mulcle Kidgei.
Ox, a livei of lioniliana. bee Red
River,
Oxbow, Grett, a bend of the river
Conne6licu , about the middle of the
townfhip of Newbury, in Venooat}
which lee. It contams 450 acres of
the fine(f meadow land in New England.
OXPORD, a townfliip in Worcefter oo*
Maflkchuiiitts. It contains tooo inha-
bitants i is 1 1 miles fotithward of Woi^«
celter, and 54 S. W, of Bofton.
Oxford, a village in Briftol co.
Maflachufetts } fee Netjo-Bedfird,
Oxford, a parifit in the northern
part of Derby in ConneAicut, contain-
ing 140 families; 17 miles N. W. of
New-Haven.
sj Oxford, a poft-town of New- York,
. I in Tioga co. 45 miles N. E. of Unk>n»
and 10 S. W. of Butternuts. Thie
townfliip, lies between Jericho and U.
nion, and is bounded northerly on Nor-
wich, and wefterly by the tra£l called
the Chenengo Triangle. It v^as incor«
porated in 1793I Here is an incoirpo*
rated academy.
Oxford, a townfliip of New-Jerfey,
fituated in Suflex co. on the eaft bank
of Delaware river, 15 or »o miles N.
£. of Eafton in Pennfylvania. It c< n-
tains 1905 inhabit, including 65 flavet.
Oxford, a townftiipof Pennlylvania«
fituated in Philadelphia co. There is
one of the fame nnme in Chefter co.
Oxford, a pcM-t «f entry, on thee:ift«
ernfliore of Clielapeak Bay, in Talbot
CO. Its exports in 1 794 amounted to
6,95(> dollars. It is 1 3 miles S. by W.
of Eafton, and about 48. S. £. of Balti-
more.
OxFoft», a .finall poft-town of Nl
C c a Caroiini,
Caroliiu* S^ n^ from BitUb«Pfm^»
Iffn^uhoM 4f 6 from Pbtl»dciphi«.
O^'Tta Agr, « towtiAip af New-
y«rk, fiuiated in Q^n't co. I'Ong-
piand, extending from the Sound S.
!t the Atlimtic Ocean, and indudet
loyd'a Neck, or Q^ecn*« Villa^, ami
Hpg-Ifland. It contain* 4,097 inhabit.
#f whom 61 tare ele£brt*aiid |tt flavet.
O vaTS A Bay, » hacbow for froali vef-
fiU in the S. W. limits of the town of
.Bamftahlc, in Bacnftable co. Maflkchu-
^tu i which fee. It albrda excellent
•grfter* t hence ita name*
OysTBk Mti/tt in Pelaware Baf, lie
appolite Nantiixet Bay.
Oyste« Poititt on the coaft of S.
Carolina, where tlie water does not ebb
vitill an hour and a half after it begins to
cl>b at the bar of Afliley river, near
£barleftown . It is beft to go in an hour
jmd an half before high water.
OvsTnu.Potuf, a part of the waters
-4f the Atlantic Ocean, which fct up
weftward into Long-Ifland, in the ftate
of New- York, between the north -eaft-
CnuBoft point of the ifland called Oyf'
ter Pond Point, and Gardner's Ifland.
Off the point are two fmall iiles, one of
yt^dx u called Plumb-Iiland.
'Oy»T«ft River, a W. branch of Pif-
Cftf^uariveriaNew-Hampfliire; which
we. IJmbafn ftaods on its S. fide, near
its jun^ion with the main ftream at
Helton's Point.
0-YOit6-WOifCEYK,onLake Onta-
rioi at Joh)i<bn^s Landing- Place, about
4 miles eaftward of Fort Niagaia.
OzAHA, one of the largeft rivers of
% iJlland of St. Domingo, in ^ Weft-
Indies, and on which the city of St.
I}omingo is fitualed. It is navigable 9
or 10 leagues from S. to N. One may
judge of the enormous volume of water
which the confluent ftream of Ifabella
and Oxama fends to the fea, by the red
colour it gives it in the time of the
Hoods, and which is perceivable as far
a$ the eye can diftinguifli. There ts a
rock at the moutli, which prevents the
entrance of veOVls drawing more than
» 8 or »o feet of water. Tnp river for
a league is 24 feet deep; and its banks
are w feet perpendicular, but N. of the
city this hetglu is reduced to 4 feet.
This real natural bafon has a bottom of
mudor loft fand, with a number of ca-
reening places. It feldom ovei^ws
it» bankS) cxc^ in very ex(i»0i4infU'y
fAC
famndatioiw. The road bcfbrt (tie
mouth of the Oiama i» verv iadiffir-
rent, and lies expofcd from W. S. W.
to E. It is inipoflible to anchor in it in
tbe time of the (both winds, and the
north winds drnrr the veflela from their
moorings out into the fea, which heie
runs extremely high. See Dtmingt
City. The mouth m the river is in lat.
iS.iX.N.fc Ion. from Paiia 7a.3S.W.
P
FIBLO, St. a lakeinthejurirdiflion
of Otabalo, in the province of Quito,
3 leagues in length, and nhout half a
league in breadth. . The lake is every
where furrounded with a fpecies of ruihes
called Totoral, among which are vaft
numbers of wild geele and galarettes.
Its waters empty into the Rio Blanco..
Pablo, St. a village on tiie above
lake, inhabited principally by Indians.
Pablo, St. a town on the S. coaft of
the Ifthmus of Darien, in the proviibce
of Verafirua, S. America.
Pa Bo, the Micmac name of a river»
on tlie northern fide of Chaleur Bayv
about fix leagues* from Grand Ri-
viere, W. N. W. of Cape Defpair.
Pacajes, a province of S. America,
which is rich in filver mines, thougb
they are not much worked. Here are
alfo mines of talc, called Jafpes Blanco*
de Verenguela, on account of their
tranlparent whitencfs. In this province
are an abundance of emeralds.
Pacaiuores, a diftrl£l of Peru, in
S. Anwrica. The air is temperate, and
the earth abounds in gold. An Indian
nation of thi« name inhabits the banka.
of Amazon river.
Pacayita, a volcano in Guatimala,
in New-Spain. In 177 3, tlie lava which
UTued from it deftroyed the city of St.
Jago, which was fituated in the valley
of Panchoi.
Pachacama, or Pachamac, a fa.
mous, fruitful, and pleafaVit valley in
Peril, 4 leagues from .Lima, formerly
beautified with a magnificenl temple
built by the Incas, and dedicated to the
Creator of the Univerfe, The Peruvians
Itad'in it feveral idols.;, biit they had \o
great a reverence for God, whom they
caUed Packacamac, that they offered
him wliat they efteemed moft precious,,
and duift not look upon bimj fe. that
their
f AC
ftietr k'mfgt hiJ pricftt entered tl^Ie tem-
ple with their back* towards hii altar,
and came etit again v»ithuiit daring to
turn about. The ruins of tliis liipfrb
itru6hire, fayt Jov«t, do yet demonitratr;
its former nmgnificence and erearneCs.
Such immenli: trcaftires had bren laid
up in it, that Ferdinand Pizano tound
to tlie vahie of 900,000 dttcats in it ;
although 400 Indians had tnken away
as much as they could cari-y ; and the
Spanifli foidiers pillaged it before he
came. The cruel Spaniards tortured
the natives, but could not extrad^ a di'-
cofcry of the hidden treaCure.
Pachea, the moft nditherly of the
iflands called the Pearl oi King's lAands,
all low and woody, and about ix leagues
from Panama. Within a league of this
iHaml ther*^ is anchorage in 17 fatlioms.
Pachegoia, a lake of New South
Wales, in N. America;, in lat. 55. N.
PACHE(nfE, a fine, but fmali iHand
on the S. W. fide of the bay of Panama,
on the coaft of the N. Pacific Ocean,
and one of the beautiful iHands within
the femicircular bay from Panama to
Point Malae. Theli; iflands yield wnotl.
water, fiuit, fowls, hogs, &c. and af-
ford excellent harbour tor fiiipping.
Facmuco, a town of Mexico famous
for the filyer mines in its vicinity. It
is r»id that within 10 miles there arc
1000 of them. It lie9 ^o mijts from
the city of Mexico.
Pacific Ocean, ealled in the
Ttmch charts Mar M Zur, or South S^a,
a prodigious ocean dividing America
from Ami. It is about io,ooo miles in
breadth, and ii,pc0 in length.
PackerspibM), atownftiipof New-
Hampfhire, Chefliire co. E. of Keene,
en the head branches of AAiuelot river.
it is 86^ miles wefterly of Portfmouth,
was incorporated in 1774^ ar.4 ^contains
f*i inhabitants.
Pacmote, a bay oh theeaft fide of
♦he ifland of Martinico, between Vau-
«lin Bay on the north, and Fere Ance or
Creek on the foirth.
Pacoi&t, a ftnall river of South-€a-
rolina, which riles in the White Oak
Mountains, and unites with Broad river,
so miles above Tyger river, and 14
Ibuth of the North-Carolina line. Its
«ourre is about fouth-eaft, and on it are
tlie celebrated Pacolct Springs, 17 miles
above its confluence with Broad river.
'.PADOveASta- weftcm branch of Mif-
P A It 4bt
Ibnri river. The tribe of Indltm of this
name art faid by forae to be of Wclcti
origin.
Pa it's Por.*,t finall harbour witfc-
in the great found of the Bahama tflandr,
and in the moft eafterly part of the found.
Pagitisa, ot Faqutfa^ on the weft
fide of South- America, in lat. it. 55. S.
and 10 leagues north of the harbour of
Cobija, in the bayof Atacama. Haguey
lie Paguifa, or the watering place «f
Paouila, is 1 5 leagties from Cobija. Tlttf
whole coaft between ir hish, moun^iii-
ous and rocky, in the dircaio'i of nurth«
north- ealt.
Painted ^, a Aition, (0 called I»
New .York State, in Tioga co. on thfc
nor t hero fide c^ Tioga river, betwcenr
Bath and Newtown ; 40 mile* N. W.
by W. of Tioga Point, or Atheni, jt
ibuth-eaft of Williamibureon Geneffec.
river, and 130 N W. of Philadelphia.
A poft-odice is kept here.
Painted Rack is on French Broad
river, by which the line runt between
Virginia and Tenneflee. '
Painter's Marl>9ur, on the weft
coa'it of Cape Breton Ifland, is nearljr
du? eafl of Eaft Point in the ifland of St.
John's. N.lat.46.2z. W.long. 6i.i5.
Paita. See Payta.
Paix, Port tie. See Port de Paix.
P Aj aro, Pajarot, or Paxarott iflandf
on the coaft of Chili, on the South
Pacific Ocean. Thcfeare 3 or 4 rocks,
the largeft of which is called Pajaro
Ninno, orPaxaro Ninno, and % milet
N, W. by N. from the ibnthemmoft
point of the Ma:in, or Point Tortugas,
that clofes the port of Coquimbo.
Pajaros, Les, or IJlands of Birdtt
aclufleroffmall iflands on the coaft of
Chili, » Icagnts N. N. W. of the Bay
of Coquimbo, and 7 S. S. E. of the har-
bour bf Guaico. The ifland ofChoros
is 4 miles north of tiiefe iflaris, to-
wards the harbour of Guafco.
Pakanokit, the feat of Mafaffaiti
the famous Indian Chief, was fituatedoi^
Namaflcet river, which empties intd
NaiTaganfet Bay.
Palatine, (New- York). Apaitof
this town was eredled into 2 new towns
' by the legiflature, in 1797.
Palatine, ^r PalentittCi a townfliip
in Montgome.' co. New. York, on the
n0rth fide of ? iohawk river, and weft of
Caghnawaga. In 1790 it contained
3,404 inhabitants, including 192 Haves.
Cc 3 la,
Jni7q6, 5lf of the inhabltiinti wen
clcAon* The comuaA part of it ftnnds
on the bank of the Mohawk, and con-
taint K Reformed Dutch church, and so
or lo houiet. It i* 36 mile* above
SeheneAady.
Palatine Town, in the ftate of
New-Yoi k, lies on theeaft bank of Hnd-
fun'a river, and no)-th fide of the mouth
of Livingfton river, which empties in-
to the former} 11 niilri north of Kliyn-
beck, and 15 (buiherly of Hudlbn city.
^ PALLtibii's Jjlamts, in the South Pa-
cific Occin, are between is and 16 de>
frees o S. lat.and from 146 to 147 de-
greesot W. long. From lat. 14 to 0.8.
•nil long. I ?t. to I (0. W. the ocean is
Arcwai with lowjlMlf-ovcrfl wed ifliinds,
wbich renders it ntcciFtry tor naviga-
toft to proceed with nit.ch cxution,
, PAtMA, a town <:f liiraFirma, in
N. Ameii'-a, 50 miles N W.ofSt. Fede
B^tKots- N. lat. 4* '^o. W. long. 73.40,
Palm A 8, a hr^re r vn on the w.il
coaft of the Gu'f ot Wxico, whole
mouth is v< lat. s$ N and long. 08. ^6.
W. Some of Its branches :in in a
courfe aim ft dircftly lali from the
mount ins io the e:iftward of the gulf
of California.
Palmer, a rough an<l hilly town
fltip in H:impf)iire co. MaflachnlUts,
t^ miles W. by S. of Bofton, it is fitu
! Itted on the fouth fide of Chickcpec
river, and bounded caftward by Weft
cm, in Worctftcr co. An z6i pafled in
laft leflion» 1796, to incorporate a focie-
2 to make a turnpike-road between
efe two towns. It was incorporated
in 1751, and contains 809 inhabitantR.
Palmer's /tfa/ff, a water of Narra-
sanfet Say, which empt es with another
Imall river, ^nd forms Warien river,
•oppofite the town of Warren.
Palme rston's IJIand, of which
one in particular has been To named, is
in lat. iS. S; and long. i6t. 57. W. and
is the fecond in fituation from the S. E.
of a group of 9 or jo, all known by the
iune general name. It affords neither
anchorage nor water j but if the wea-
ther is moderate, a fttip that is pafling the
S. Pacific Ocean in this track, may be
fuppiitd with gra.'s for cattle, cocoa- nuts,
fim, and other produ6lions of the iUand.
The principal iiland is not abovea mile in
circumference; nor is it eKvated more
than 3 fieet above the (iirface of the lea.
' Palmetto, the rauli cafterly point
P AM
of the bay fo called, on tttc lbuth««>cft
coaft of the ifland of 8t. Chriftophcr's,
in the W«ft-Indict. The ihore is rocky,
and a fort protects the bay.— A,1U>, the
moft northerly point of the iftaiid of Ja.
maica { having Manatee Bay en the weft,
and iQand Bay on the eatt.
Palmiste Point, on the nt^rth fide
of the N. W. part of the iiland of St,
Domingo ; 3 leagues Ibuth of Point Por-
tugal, the eaft uoinc of the Imall ifland
La Tortue, and < eaft of Port dc Paix,
Palmyra, a town, and the only port
of entry and delivery, in the Aate of
TenntfTee, cunltituted a port of entry by
law ot the United States, Jnn. ]i, 1797.
Palominos, fmiill iflands on the
coaft of Peru, bou.h America} 3 miles
weft ot St. Lawrence ifland, or St. Lo-
renzo. They have from 1 3 to 14 fa-
tlioins water on them.
Falon<{ue, the cap^ eaft of Nifliof
Po^nt, at me mouth of Niliu) river, on
the Ibuth fide of the ifland of St. D05
mingo, in lit. 18. 13. N. and long. 7^5
1. W. of Paris.
P.^ltz, Niw, a townfhip on the W.
fide of Uudlon's river, in Ulfter co. New-
York, about ao miles N. W. of New.
burgh, and 3a north of Gofhen. It con«
tains 3,309 inhab. including 30s flaves.
Pambamacca, a lofty mountain in
the province of Q^i^ito, beinjj one of the
pikes of the eattem Cordilleras.
Ttxuttco Seuud, on the eaft coaft of
N. Carolina, is a kind of lake or inland
fea, from 10 to to loilfs broad, and
nearly too miles in length. It is li:pa>
rated from the Atlantic Qcean, in ita
whole length, by a beach of land, hard-
ly a mile wide, generally covered witli
fmall trees or bufhes. Through this;
bank are I'everal fmal) inlets, by wiiich
boats may pal's ; but Ocrecok Inlet i^
the only one that will admit vefl'els of
burden into the diftri6U cf Edenton and
Newbern. This inlet is in lat. 35. io. N.
and opens between Oci%cok Ifland and
Core Bank. This found communicates
with Core and Albemarle Sounds } and
receives Pamlico or Tar river, the river
Neus, beiides other imall ftrearos. See
Ocrecok, Cape Hatteras, $cc.
PaMPELUna, a town of Ne^ Gra^
nnda, in S. America. Ill it^ vicinity
aie gold mines. N. lat. ^. 30. W.
long. 71. 30. It is 1 5*' miles from San-
ta Fe, and aoo from Maiicaibo.
Pamunky, tl^e ancient oanvr of York
rivtr^
fi>uth-«cft
rlftophcr't,
e it rocky,
flaixl ol Ja.
•nth«wcft,
nqrth fide
a»d of St,
Point Por-
imati ifland
rl dc Paix,
le only port
he flat* of
of«ntiyby
3'»»797.
• on the
a { 3 miles
or St. Lo-
1 3 to 14 fa.
ft of Nifac^
to river, on
of St. Do^
»d long. 7^,
> on th« W.
lerco. New.
tV. of New.
en. It cun<
; 30S flavee.
mountain in
1; one of the
ras.
eaft coaft of
kv or iohnd
broad, an4
It in lepa-
ccan, in it|
'land, hard*
jvered with
hrough this)
I) by which
ok Inlet i^
it Vi-flels of
Sdenton nnd
:. 35* l«. N."
Ifland and
tnmunicatea
ounds} and
T, the river
eanaa. See
•
Nev' Grar
\t^ vicinity
^. 3P. W.
i fvom San>
ibo.
kpifofYqrk
PAN
Hvcr, in Virginia } but this name ii now
confined to tne ibuthcm branch, formed
by the confluence of the North and
South Anna. This and the northern
brancbf Mattapony, unite and form
Yoiic river, juli below the town of Dc
iaWar.
Pan A, an ifland on theconflof Peru,
7 leagii^a B. N. E. of Santa Clara, and
ai far from Ouayaquii. At Point Are-
na, which ia-the wefternmoft point, all
(hip* bound farther into Guayaquil Ray
flop for pilots, as there is good anchor
age over againft the middle of the town,
in 5 fathoms, and a fott ooxy ground.
It is alio called Puna.
Pan AC A, a burning: mountain on the
W. coalt of New-Mexico, about 3
leagues from the volcano of Sanfonate.
Panadov, or McnadoUt a bay on the
coad of Cape Breion in.ind, near the S.
part of the Uulf of St. Lawrence.
Panama is the capital of i'rrra Fir-
ma Proper, S. America { fituated on a
capaciauii bay of its nnme, on the Ibuth
fide of the Illhmus of Panama or Da-
rien, oppofire to Porto Bcllo, on tht N.
fldc of the ifthmus. It is the great re-
ceptacle of the vaft quantities of gold
and filver, with other rich merchai^ize
from all parts of Peru and Chili. Here
they are lodged in ftore-houfes, till the
proper llealon arrives to tranlbort them
to Europe. The harbour of Panama is
formed in its road by the flielter of fev-
eral iflands, where (hips lie very fafe, at
about i\ or 3 leagues diftant from the
city. The tides are regular, and it i«
high water at the (till and change at
3 o'clock. The water rifes and falls
^onftdcrably i ib that the fliore, lying
on a gentle flope, is at low water left
dry to a great diftance. Pearls are
fbund here in fuch plenty, that there are
few perfons of property near Panama,
who do not employ all, or at lealt part
ef their (laves, in this fifliery. The
Negroes who flfli for pearls muft be
botn expert fwimmerv, and capable of
holding their breath a long time, the
work beingperformed at the bottom of
the fca. This city is a bi(hop*8 feej
whofe bifhop is the primate of Terra
Finr.a. It was built by the Spaniards,
who, in 15x1, conftituted it a city, with
the ufual privileges. In 1670 it was
taken, lacked and burnt by John Mor-
gan, an Englifli adventurer. The new
town was built in a more convenient
PAN
#1
fituatlon, about a Ingvc and a half from
the former. In 1737, tbii cew town
was almoft cntirtljr deflroycd by an
accidental Are. It it furroundad witb
a (tone wall and other fortifications, and
the public buildings aie very handlome.
N. lat. I. 57. 41. W.long. Is. 5. 14.
See Chagn Rvvtr.
Pa N AMA, a province of Terra Finna»
of which the cit^ above mentioned it
the capital. This provinc is called by
moft writters Ttrra Firma Prtper. It
contains 3 cities, is villages, and a great
number of raticbiritJ or aflfcinblages of
Indian huts { thefr are utuated in fmall
plains along the fhore, the reft of thi
country being covered with enormous
and craggy barren and uninhabited
mountains. It has feveral gold mines |
Init the pearl fifhery affords a more cer-
tain profit, and at the fame time it ac-
quired with much gi eater eaie.
Panamaribo, on the coaft of Su-,
rinani, in Guiana, in S. America, is E.
S. E. of Demarara, in lat. about 6. N.
and lung. 56. %6, W.
Panambuco, -t harbour or bay on
the coaft of Brazi See Ptrnemktu»»
PANECiLLO,an eminence near Quito,
which fuppliea that city with exccnent,
water.
Panis. There are two Indian na-
tions (b named. The white Panis in-
habit S. E. of theMilTouri, apd can fur-
ni(h 1500 warriors; and the Speckled
Panis S. of the Midburi, nop warriors.
Panse OB I.A, a branch of Wabafli
riyerin theN. W, Territory.
PantoNi a townfltip in Addifon co.
Vermont, fituated on the ^. fide of Lake
Champlain, between Addifon and Fer-
rifburg, and about 87 miles N. of Ben-
nington. It contains aoo inhabitants.
Panuco, or Guafiicat a province of
N. America, in New-Spain, bounded
E. by the Gulf of Mexico, and W. by
the provinces of Mechoacan and New-
Bifcay. The tropic of Cancer dividea
this province. It is about 55 leagues
each way. The part ncarsft to Mexico
is much the beft and richeft, abounding
wjth proyifioQS, and having fome veina
of gold, and mines of fait. Other parts
are wretchedly poor aiyl barren.
Panuco, the capital of the above men-
tioneii province ) it is the fea of a biflt-
qp, and ftands upon a river of its own
name, 17 leagues from its mouth, qn
the W. fliore of the Gulf of Mexico,
Cc4 an4
ii'
4»» FAR
awl <ell.W. afiftto cltyefMexIeo.
TIm rinr it ■•viable for large (hips a
♦ gnat way above tlie cityj btif the har-
bour hat fo large a bar before it, that no
fliipa of burden can enter it. N. lat.
93. 50. W. long 99. 50.
Fapaoayo, a gulf on the N. Pacific
Ocean, and on the W. fide of the Ifth-
nrai of Nicaragua, a fmalldiftance from
the weftera parts of the lake of Nicarft-
.gua, and in lat. about 11. 15. N.
Papaloapain, the largeft river of
Ouax%ca, in New-Spain, called aii'>
Alvarada. ' It rifrs m the mountain!
2oncoliucaB, and, being enlarged by
theacceflion of lefler rivers, falls 'into
the North Pacific Ocean.
Papikachois, a bay on the north
fliore of the river St. Lawrence, in N.
America- 5 leagues fouth-weft of St.
Mnrnb'ct's river. An Indian nation of
the lame iMine inhabit tlie country fouth
of Firetibbe Lake in Lowrr Canada.
Pappa Ford, on Pelefon or Clinch
river, lies is miles from Emery *s river,
and 10 from Campbeirs Station, near
Molfton.
Papvda, on the coaft of Chili, and
on tho S> Pacific Ocean, 5 leagues north
of the Aioals of Quintero, and 4 from
Port Liga. The water is very deep in
Paptkia, but the anchorage is good, and
the entrance fafe.
Para, the moft northern of 5 cole-
liiss or governments. Para, Maragnon,
Matto Groflb, Goyas, and St. Paul, in
S. America, at which places the Indians
have been united in 117 villages, over
which a whitr man prefides with dei-
polic fway. I'hc (;oVemment of Para
comprehendtf that r- rtion of Guiana
which belongs to the Portuguefe, the
moft barren and unwholcfome country
in all thefe regions.
Para Jjhndt is one of the range of
iflaiKiiv to the fouth-eaft of Sypomba,
to the eaftward of the great river Ama-
con, which is the north-weft limit of
th<; Brazil oaft in S. America. Thel'e
K. -vjs form the great river or bay of
Fira. About 9 leagues eaft by luvth of
this iflatid is Cape Cuma, the weftern
boundary of the great gulf of Ntaranhito.
On the iHand is r fort belonging to the
Fortuguele. Th<.te is alfo a fmall ri-
of the fame name, at the mouth of
Ter
#hich ' , ^MCL riding for large fliips, be-
tvaSt tbjc i^^aod brcaka oS the lea, and
FAR
two fafdi jpointsfeeure it irani At atrA
aadeanwuids.
Para Xf3v«rorB«v, near the N.Wt
part of the coaft of Brazil,, in S. Ame«
rica, has • town of its name at the moutli
of it, with a large fort and a platform of
cannon at the water 'S edge, conunanding
the road. Above this ia the caftle feat-
on a high rock, furrounded by a Arong
ftone wall that is alio mounted with ean.
non. The road, within the mouth of
the river, is good, havine clean eronnd,
and fecured by high land on both fides.
The mouth of the river is about 6 miles
broad at the town ; and (hips may ride
in 1 5 fathoms, within a cablets length of
the (hore, and in 10 fot horns clofe under
the fort. This harbour, is much frc.
quented for all kinds of provifions which
abound here. Tobacco is carried firom
this, to Pemambuco, to be (hipped iat
Europe. Tht river is about aoo milea
long.
Paraca, a bay on the coaft of Pern.
40 leagues S. E. by S. of &^ port of
Callao. Ships rcctive (belter her^
winen driven out of the harbour of Can.
gal\an or Sangallan, which is 3 kaguea
S. E. of Carette Ifland, and N. N. W.
of the iilanu of Lobos.
Paradise, a townlhip of PennfyU
vania, in York co.
Parades. Sec Plate Former
Paraguay, a countiyof S.America,
claimed by Spain, about 1,500 miles in
length, and 1,000 in breadth. It lies
between is. and 37. S. lat. and between
50- and 75. W. long, bounded north by
Amazonia, ibuth uy Patagonia, eaft by
Biaiil, and weft by Peru and Chili. It
is divi<led into the following provinces,
viz. Paraguay, Parana, Guiva, Uragua,
Tucuman and Riode la Plata. Befide*
a vaft number of fmall riversi which wa-
ter this counf^, there is the grand river
La Plata, which detervesa pariieular de-
/ciiption. A Modtnde Jefuit, by tlie
name of P. Cattanco, who faileil up this
river, fpeaks in the following language
concerning it : '* While I neiidcd in Eu-
rope, and read in books of hidory and
geograpliy that the rivtr La Plata was
1 1 50 milts in breadth, I :on(ukred it at
an exaggeration, becaufe in thishemi-
fphere we have no example of Aich vaft
rivers. When I ap)>roachcd its mouth,
I had the moft vehement delire to ascer-
tain the breadth with my own eyes, and
I have foimd the QUtier to be exadly aa
k
P'AII«^
^Am—npttSMmA. Tliit I iMuce par-
ticularly firomoBecircumitneetwlicdi
we took our dcp«M«n from Monte Vk-
do, a fort fituated more than loo milct
from the mctttb of the river» and where
ii:t bfcadch U ooofiderably dimimflwd,
vc (atkd a comi^ete day before we dif-
covered the land on the oppofice bank
of the river } and when we were in the
middle of the channel we coukl not dtf*
cover land on either fide, andfaw nothing
but the flcy and water, at if we had been
in fonne great ocean. Indeed we (hould
have tak«n it to be lira, if tlw freih wa-
ter of the r'.ver, which was turbid Hke
the Po, had not liuisiied u< that it <va8
a river." Fiom the fituation of thU
country, ibmc parts of itmuftbe ex-
tremely hot, from thealmoft vertical in-
fluence of the rays of the fun ; while other
J arts muft be plcalant and delightiul.
iut the heat is in lome meaiure abated
by the gentle bteeaeft which generally be-
gin about 9 or to o'clock in the morn-
ing, and continue the greateft part of the
day. Some parts of the country are very
mountainous ; but in many others, you
find eactcnfive and beautiful plains, where
the foil is very rich, pro(!ucing cotton,,
tobacco, and the valuable herb called
Paraguay, togethtr with a variety of
fruits. There are alio prodigioufly rich
paftures, in which are bred fuch li.rds
of cattle, that it is faid, the hides are the
only pait exported, while tlie flefli is
left to be devoureti by the ravenous
beafts of the wildcrnefs. Paiaguay fends
annually into the kingdom of Peru as
many as 1 500 or sooo inules. They
travel over dreaiy delierts for the dil'-
tance of 800 or 900 ieagiies. The pro-
A ince otTucuman fuiniihes to Potofi, an-
nually, 16 or tS^ooo oxen, and 4000 or
Sooo hories, brought ibi'th and reared
upon its own territoiy. Buenos Ayres
is the capital of this country. Its litu-
ation on the river La Plata is healthy
and plea&ut, and the air temperate. It
is regularly built : the number of inha-
bitants is about 30,000. One fide of
the town is defended by a fortrefs, with
9 garrii'oB of 600 or 700 rku. 'I he
town ftands 1 80 miles bom the Tea. The
acccfs to the town up the river, i$ veiy
difficult. From th* belt information that
can he obtained, there aie not more than
100,000 Ibuls in this country, including
Spaniards* Indians, Kcgkocs, a»d the
mixed bloodf or Titeolstc The Spa-
FAR 409
nkurds CKkilnC itmM the fiune dlaraaa*
here, as in tht other kingdoms jilrtHldf
deftr%«d. The Spaniards firftdiica^ch.
ed this conntry m tlw year 15*5, aiti
founded the toyri>of Buenos Ayi«s in
1535. Moft of tHe country is tt'ilt in.
habited by the native Americans. Thf
Jefuitt have beeK'.ndeiatigable >n theit
endeavours to convert the Indians to th«f
belief of their religion, and to introduc*
among them the arts of ctviliaed lfift,'M
and have met with furprifing fucecfs. It ^
is laid that above 340,000 families^ Se-
veral years a^o, were lubjeft to the Jc«
fuits, living m obedience, and an awe
bovdering on adoration, yet proeureA
without any violence or conftraint. la
1767, the Jefuits were fent out of Axiie>
rica, by royal authority, and their i'ub-
}t&* were put Upon the fame {oodiiig
with the reft of the country.
PARA6vAY,alarge river of S. Ante«
rica, which falls into the river La Plr.ta
that foims the fouthern boundary of
Brazil. At the diltance of 100 league*
from the fea, where tlvs and Parana ri-
ver fall into the channel, it is at leail so
UagUes over.
Paraiba, or Paraybat the moil
northern province of Bra'sil, in 5. Amc.
rica, lying betw^cii Kio Grande to the
north, and '.ne river Tamarack 'to the
fouth^ the 'oonth Atlantic Ocean to the
eaft, and Figunres to the we^. It be-
longs to the ^nrti^guefe, and abounds in
fngar-canes. Brazil-wood, cattle, tobac-
co, cotton, &c. ThisdiftriAwMgiveir
by John III. of Portitgal, totbehiHorian
De fiarros, but hene2,le£ted thepieeplmg
of it. Some vagabonds who went over in
1 560, and in 1 591, were ^ubducd by the
French, who were foon (bliged toeva-
cauteit. Philip III. cr.ufed acitVtr
be built upon this royal domain, which
is at preient known by the name of
Notn Dame de Nfvet.
Paraiba, the metropolis of the above;
province, or captainihip, fituated on the
louth bank of a river of its name, thiee
leagues from the Tea } according to oth-
ers, 10 leagues ; the river being navi.
gable fop fhips loaded with 600 or 709 '
hhds. of iiigar, a cenfiderable diftance
above the city. The Dutch captured it
in 1635 ; but the Portiigviele retook it
loon after. It has many (lately honfes
(kcoiated with nierble pillars, .together
with large warehuuies and magazines
belonging to the merchants. The
mouth
mo9th of the river w well CbrtDied. S;
Itt. (. so. W. long. 49* 53'
.PaRamauiro, corruptly called Pa-
rmMunibo, the chief town of SuiSnam,
cofttRining ^boiit 400 houies, on the
hutk of SitrinaiTi river, inaplearant but
m^iealtby lituati }n. The tioviles are of
wood, tolerably convenient, ereflcd on
iJMindations o^ European bricks. Its
port U 5 leagues fvom the fea, and has
A;fvery convenience. It is the rendez-
^youR of all the Aiipa from the mother
country which come hither to receive
tbie produce of the colony.
PaRayi A)) a province in the £. divifion
«f Paraguay* Suuth- America. Its chlet
tavm is St. Ann.
Pl,ie.£N, a lake of Chili, S. America.
FarateR* R bay on the fouth-weft
($dc of tlie iiland of Jamaica. It is foutb-
caftof Banifter Bay, its fouth-eaft |>oint
»&\& iiWed JPeratee.
Parayba» a river on the coaft of
Bfasil, 10 leagues I^. of Port Fran-
«ties. The city lies 8 leagues from its
ttouth. S. lat. 6. 50. W. long. 49. 53.
&tc Paraiba.
Par DUB A, a bay on tlie coaft of
Brazil, 10 leagues W. N. W. of Bran-
4{ihi Bay.
Parham TVwm and Harbour, on
tb« Bortb fide of the idand of Antigua,
'!• the Weft-Indies. The harbour is
dksfeiided by Byram Fdit, at Barnacle
Point* on the welt fide, and farther up
by anot her fort on the E . fide . Tlie town
is vcgulatly ("uilt, and lies at the head of
tbe narbour, and in St. Peier's parifh.
PARIA* or Nfw Andalufui, a coun-
-try of S, America, and in Terra Firnia,
Uwnded on the north by the north (ea,
attd fouth by ouiana. The fea-coali
n moftiy inhalnted, On which there are
l^veral towns«
Paria, r jurifdi£tioH in the abp. of
La Plata, in S. America, beginning 70
kagnes N. W. of that city, and extend-
ing about 46 leagues. It has Tome filver
nines { and the checfe made here is
nmch efteemed, and ftnt all over Peru.
PARiA,C«(^o/,a ftrait lying between
the N. W. part of New»AndaIufia, and
the fotithern fliore of the ifland of Trhii-
dad. N. lat. 9. ix. W. long. 6t. 5.
pARiLto, a town of Peru, generally
called Hauta i which fee.
Farina, a point N. W. of the har-
bour dl' Payta, on the coaft of Peru.
The coiutuy within iiie ^iat is high
PAR
and iiNMiiitainoiis. Between Payta and
it, is a large bay, having flioals. The
land is low, and fome white hills all the
way.
Farina Cocas, ajurifdi^ion in the
diocelieof Guamanga, in the^ aiidience
of Lima, beginning ab^ilt so leagues
fouth of the city of Guamanga, and ex-
tending above nj leagues. It has ex-
cellent pafiurrs, grain, and fiuits. The
mines of silver and gokl are more pro^
du£live ihan formerly ; and thefe torm
the chi'^f branch of its commerce. ,
Palais, a thriving townOiip of excel,
lent lard in New-York State, Uerkemer
courty. It is fouth-weft of Whiteftown
6 miles, from which it was taken, and
incorporated in 179s. In 1795, 4 town-
fliips were taken from it, viz. Hamilton*
SUerbume, Brookfiekl, and Sangerf-
ficld. It contained, by the State ceofus
of 1796, 3,459 inhabttants, of whom
564 were eleftors. Iron ore is found in
the vicinity of Paris. Hamilton acade-
my is fittiated in this town, in Clinton
pariftt, where alfo a CongregatidRal
churrh has lately been erected, ihid
marks of rapid progrefs in improve-,
ments and wealth are vifible.
Paris, an ifland on the coaft of S,
Carolina } which fee.
Parker's ^»(/, in Lincoln co, Dif-
trifl of Maine, is formed by the watery
of Kennebeck river on the weft, by the
fea on the ibiith,'by Jeremyfquam Bay
qn the eaft, and by a fmall ftrait, which
divides it from An-owfick Ifland, on the
north. It derives its name irom Job.t
Parker, who purchafed it of the n?tivv.<,
in 1650; arc! apart of it ftill remains
to his pofterity. It is in the townlhip
of GeorgeiowH ; which fee.
Parker's Rmer takes its rife in
->wley, inEflex co. Maflachufetts, and»
after a couile of a few miles, pafl*ea
into the found which feparates Plumb-
Ifland from the main land. It is navi-
gable about two miled from its mouth,
where a bridge crofles it S70 feet long
and 16 feet wide, confifting of folid
piers and S wooden arches, it is on
the poft-road from Bofton eaft ward,
and was built in 17 jt. It is fupported
by a toll.
Parramore, one of the fmall iflands
in the Atlantic Ocean, which line the
eaft coaft of Northampton co. Virginia.
Parr TawN, a new and thriving
town in NovR. Scotia.
PARR'a
le coaft of S,
VaIik*! f m«/» is tbe fouth^aft pmnt
«f Half Moon bay, on the north -eaft
(de of the ifl tnd of $t, Chriftophcr'a,
in the'Weft-Imliei, The coaft here i*
ipcky.
Paksonsfiecd* a townlbip of the
P'lftriJl of Maine, in York co. fiiuatcd
ou the New>Hainpfl)irc line, between
Gnpaf and Little OflSpee rivers; and
if iiSnoUes north of Bofton. It was
incorporated in 171(51 and contains 655
Vihabitantjs.
Parti do* a fmall iOand, under the
high hill of St. Martin, in the fouth-
weft part of Campeachy Gulf. It lies
in the fairv/ay acrofs the bay from Cape
Catoche to Vera Cruc.
Partridge FIELD, a townfltip of
MailUcbuletts, Iff BerkOiireco. 16 miles
W. N, VV. ot Northampton, and laS
^cftward of Bolton. It was incorpo-
ratMl in 1775, and contains 1041 inna-
bitante.
Pascagovla, a river of the Georgia
>Veftem territory, which purfues a S.
by E. courfe through Weft- Florida,
^nd empties into the Gulf of Mexico,
by fevera] mouths, which together oc>
cupy a fpaceofs or 4 miles ; which it
fine continued bed of oyfter-ftiells, with
very Ihoal water. The wefternmoft.
branch has 4 feet water, and is the deep-
eft. After crofting the bar, tliere is from
9 to 6 fathoms water for a great dif-
tance, and the river it faid to be naviga-
ble more than 1 50 miles. The foil on
this river, like tUat on all the others
that pafs thr.>ugh Georgia into the
pulf of Mexico, grows better as you
^vance to its fouice.'
Pascagovla, an Indian village on
the £. fide of the river Miftifippi, which
^aq furnifli about 10 warriors. It is
about 10 miles above the Tonica village,
Pa,$PATa<)Ua, or Pifcataqudy is the
^nly large river, whofe whole courfe is
in New- H ampftiire. Its head it a pond
In the N. E> comer of the town of
WakeBclcl, a^d itf general courfe thence
to the fea is S. $. E. about 40 miles.
it divides New-Kampfliire from York
CO. in the Diftrift of Maine, 9nd is call-
ed Salmon-Fall river, from its head, to
^he lower fails at Berwick, yvhere it
aflumcs thf name of Npwichawannock,
which it bears till it meets with Code-
cho river, ^hich comes from Dovti,
yvhen both run together in one channel
to Hilton's Point, where the wcftem
#A8 4i*'
branch meets it t ftom tbts junSloa «a>
the fea, the river it fo rapid that it never
freeiea j the diftance is 7 nrilec, md
the courfe generally from S« to 8. £.
The weftem branch is tbrmetl by S^ram-i
fcot river, which comes from Eaeier*
Winnicot river, which cornea, through
Greenland, and Xamprey river, wfaidk
divides Newmarket fnmi Durbmif
thefe empty into a bay, 4 miles widct
called the Great Bay. The water, ia
its fui tber progrefs, is coatniAed into a
lefTer bay, and then it receives Oyfter
river, which runs through Durfaaniy
and Back river, which comet from
Dover, and at lei^th meets with tb*
main ftream at Hilton's Point. The
tide rifes into all theie bays, and bnmchet
as far as the lower falls in each river*
aiid forms a moft rapid current, cfpeci-
ally at the fi^afon of the frefltett, whca
the ebb continues about two houra loiKer
than the flood { and were it not nir
the numerous eddies, formed by the
indentii^ of the Oiore, the feniet
would then be impaflable. At the
lower falls in the feveral branches ,«f
the river, are landing places, whence
lumber and other country produce is
iranCported, and vtl&ls or boats from
below difcharge their lading | fo that
in each river there is a convenient trad«
ing place, not more than is or, 15 mile»
dirtant froni Portfimouth, with which
there is cqnftant communication by
every tide. Thus the river, from its
form, and the fituation of its tenches*
is extremely favourable to the r><jrpofea
of navigation and commere. A lig^>
houfe, with a ftngle light, ftands at the
entrance of Pifcataqua harbour, in lat»
43. 4. N. and long. 70.41.
pA6PAYA,ajurifdi£kion in thearch«
biftioprick of La Plata, about 40 leagues
to the S. of the city of that name. It
is mountainous, but abounds in grain,
pulfe, and fruits.
Pas(^uotank, a county of North-
Carolina, in Edenton diftri6l, N. of Al-
bemarle Sound. It contains 5,497 in-
habitants, including 16x3 flaves.
pAsqyoTANK, ^ fmall riv«r of N.
Carolina, which rifes in the Gi :tt Dif-
mal Swamp, and, paffrng by Hertford, .
falls into Albemarle Sound.
Passage Forty a fmall town of the
Ifland of Jamaica, iituated in the rood
between Port- Roy aland Spanifli-Town,
7 mites S. £. of the latter, and at the
mouth
4i« 1* A ^
tmovA af Cobve tim, vkcre is » fort
«Miioori»gii|i«. It hM « briflt trade,
aad oMMMns abeat 4«o houfcst the
gRatift put o£ them tioitfet of enter-
toinnMnt.
, Pauagb J/lM(/Iies acfofs the mouth
af the river Caheca, near the N. W. part
aftheidand of Porto Rico. The harbour
Ibc fliipe is at rbc E. end of ibe ifland.
Pas«acb JJUmdty Geeat and Little,
two of the Virgin I^amte, in the Weft-
Indies, new the E. end of the idand of
Porto lltco. N. lat. i8. so. W. long.
Passaoi Fsni/, in the Straits oi Ma.
ENan, lies at the W. end of Royal
;ach, and $ Isai^ues W. N. W. of
Forte<ieue*s B«^. S. lat. 53. 45. W.
k»f • rs. 40.
Passaik, o^ PJgfaiti, is a very
areoked river.. It rifes in a large Aw.iinp
in Morris CO. New-Jerfey, and its courfe
ia firoa» W. N. W. to E. S. E. until it
anlndcs with the Hackinfak at the head
of t&wark* Bajr. It is navigable about
>o miles, and is a^o yards wide at the
ferry. Thecataraa, or Great Falls, in
this river, is one of the greateft natural
euriofities in the State. The river is
«bmit 4« yards wide, and moves in a
AiMr, Kcntle current, until coming with-
in a mart diftance of a deep cleft in a
«o«k, wliich eroflfes the ohaimel, it de-
Icenda and fells above 70 feet perpen-
dseular, in one entire (heet, prerenting
a laaQt bcaatitut and tremendous feeiie.
The new manafaduring townoFPatter-
Som is erected on the Great Falls of this
river ) tmd its banks are adorned with
many elegant country feats. It abounds
with fifl) of various kinds. There is a
'•"'dee 500 fret teng, over this river,
• the poit'road from Philadelphia to
i vwYork.
Passama^oddy, %bay and river,
itear which is the diviiion line between
the Britifh province of NeW'Brunfwick
and the United States of America. The
iOand of Campo Bclior in the N. Atlan.
tic Ocean, is at the middle or W. paf-
fage of the bay, in lat. 44.. 50. N. and
k>ng. 66. 46. W. The diftance from
Crols Ifle, Machias, to> Weft Pailamn
<(Uoddy Head is 9 leagues M. E. by E ;
and from the Head overtiie bur to Al-
kn^s Ide N. M. W. I leagues. When
^on come from theS. W. and are- bound
into Weft Paflkmaquoddy, voii mitli
five tlie Seal'Kocka a binh of thtve |
PAT
•varters of a mile beAre you baal In
m>m the harbom*, aa there Is a whirl*
Mol to the eaftwarrl of them. The
wy is abont a league from this Wnt.
It is high water here at fiiU and enange
of the moon, about theiame tme as at
BoAon. There are 3 rivers which fill
mto this bay} the largeft ia called by
the moilem Indians, the Scoodiek ; but
by De Mons and Champlaine, Etche-
mins. Its mahi feurce is nearPenobfiioc
river, and the can7ing.plaee between
the two rivers is. but 3 mitct. See Nfw
Bninfituiek, The mouth of Paflinna.
qiroddy river has «5 fathoms waterir
pASSAMqyoDVY Ptft-Offictt on the
above defcribed bay, is kept at a little
vHls^ at the mouth of Cobfcook river,
17 miles this fide Brewer's, the eaflern-
moft poft-office in the United States, so
N. £. of Machias, 378 N. E. of Bofton,
and 72S in a like direAion from Phila-
dtlphia.
rASSAMAqvoDDiBS, a tribe of In.
dians who inhabit near the waters |df
Paflamaquoddy Bay. i >
Passao, a cape on the coatiof Penii
on the South Pacific Ocean, under the
equator. Long. 78. 50. W.
PassoMagno, a river of Florida, in
lat. 36. N.
Passu MPSiCK, a fmall river of Ver«
mont, runs a iinitliern courfe and emp«
ties into Connefticut river, below the
Fifteen Mile Falls, in the town of Bar^
net.
Passyunr, a townlhip in Philadel*
phia CO. Penntyivania.
Pasto, or St. JiumdePafiot a town
of Popayan in S. America. N, lat. 1 •
50. W. long. 76. 55.
Pat AGO A, a river on the coaft of
Brazil, which enters the ocean S. W*
of Kio Janeiro.
Patagonia, a eoimtry of S. Ame*
rica, little known, extending from 35 tq
near 5^4 S, lat, bting iioo miles long.
and upwards of 300 bfoad. Wing S. of
Chili and Paraguay, The^. eo8fti«
generally low, but has frv good har-
bours i that of St. Julian is pne of iha
heft. It is fo called from Patf^ggns, «
pi'incipal tribe of its inhabitants. There
is no timber in the Ibuth parts, though
the north parts contain an immenfe
quantity, arKl numerous flocks of cattle.
Pa'T AVsco, a navigable river of Ma>
ryland, wbioH empties from the N. W.
into Chefapcak Bay \ its movHh being
formcdi
PAT
fbrmed by Korth Point, and Bodkin
Point on theibuth, wbidi l»ft it in 1«».
%9, 8. 3». N« Iz riles in Yorlc co. Pcnn-
fylvaniH^ «nd lurfuet • 8. and 8. E.
courfc till it readm Ellu-idge LandiMb
about 8 milet S. W. of Baitiaiorei it
Chnne tunia eaftwardly over iails, and
widont into a broad bay-like ftream to
ita mouth. It it about 30 or 40 yaidt
wide juft betbrc it communicatet with
the bafon on v^ich ftandt the larce
commercial tvim of Baltimove. The
firft difooverer called it Bolut river,
from the red earth found near it, re-
fcmbling bole*ammoniac. It it naviga-
ble for veflelt drawing 18 feet water to
Feirt Point at Balrimoie } bat the fatit
a little above EUiridgp Landing, pre*
ventt the navigation farther.
Patavirca, a town of Pent, in the
jurifdi6lion of Santa, or Guarmey, con-
fifting of about 60 houfet. It lies on
the road leading from Pz'^'m u Lima, 67
milet north of that city. About three
quarters of a league from thit town, and
near the fea-cow, are ftill remahiing
fome huge walls of linburnt bricks, be-
?ng the ruins of a palace of one of tlte
Indian princes. Its fituation correfponds
with the tradition) having on- one fide,
a moft. fertile and delightful country,
and on tiic other, the refrefliing prof-
fe& of the fea.
Patak, a jurirdiAion in thedioeefe
•f Truxillo, in S. America. It is fitu-
ated among the mountains, and has a
variety of produAs ; of which gold is
the chief.
Patehvga, or PatiocOt a town of
Mexico, in N. America, having a filvcr
•nine f~ its vicinity. N. lat. xi. Vf.
long. 99. 58.
Patience, an iAand in Narraganlet
Ba), Rhode-Ifland, and lies foutb-eait
of Warwick Neck, three-fourths of a
mile. It is about a miles long, and z
kroad.
Patowmack, or Potomack, a large
and noble river which riics by 1 branch-
as, the north trn and thefontnern, whigh
originate iu and near the Alleghany
Mountains, and foitns, through its whole
courfe, part of the boundary between
'the States of Virginia and Maiyland.
Its coujrfe it N. E. to Fort Cumberland,
theiDce tttming to the E. it receives
Conecocheagne Cveek from Pennfylva.
aia; then puril:<nga fouth-eaft eourie, it
recciirtf the SktoMtdoah &-om the S-.W.
WAT 419
after tUt H nma • 8. E. taifS. cewlt*
till it reachet Maryland Points
to itt nMWtli it rant feoihi^aierr
itt eourft H reeeivct ftvendcont
Hreanna, which aMdeferibadimdtr tWr
refpeaivc bcadt. The diA«Be» fnm
the Capet of Vkgiaia to the tiira^iwiimi
of the tide water in diit river, it alMl^
300 milet J awl navigaUe for fl^pa^
tiM greatcft bwndcn, nearly that diAuRMb
From thence tfatia river, obAniOtd hf
4 conTiderable faUe* extanda tbeoirgtis
vaA'traA of inhabited country tomnfa
itt fource. Early in^the year lytf, tho
legtOaturet of Vtrgiaia and Mwr^tmi
pMcd aftt to encourage openinv tlia
navigation of tbit river. It wat eminaiti>
ed tlMtthe expenfe of the workt wouU
amount to ^50,000 fterlin|^ and f
yeari were allowed tot ibeur coatple*.
tion. Great part it already iirnilhidi
and the whole it itcxpefted wHIbecoiM^
pieted within two yeart framMarch^
1796, accotding to the report of tht
engineers to the Patowmack CisnpaMr.
This noble river paiies by nway Aourm^
ing^ towns ) the chief of wfiioh are^
Shephei'dftown^ Georeefiowii, Waifli-
ington City, Alexandria, Ncw-MarU
borough, and Charleftown, or Por2T««
bacco. It it 7| milet wide at its month )
4i at Nomot^ Bay ; 3 at Acpiia^ if at
Hallooing Point } and ij( at Alexandria*
lis ibundingsare 7 &thoms at the mouthf
5 at St. George^s Illand { 4i at Lower
Matchodic ; s at Swan's Poia:, and
thence up to Alexandria. The tides in
the river are not very ftrong, excepting
after great rains, when the ebb is pretty
Ifrong i then there is little or no Aaoa,
and there is nevet* more than 4 or c
hour's flood, eitcept with long and
Arong fbuth wirxls. In order to forPia
jull conceptions of this inland naviga-.
tion, it would be requiiite to notice the
long rivers which empty into the Pa^
towmack, and furvey the geogr^hical
pofition of the weftern waters.. The
diliance of the waters of the Ohio to
Patcwinnck, will bitfromJifhetnt»Jorip
miles, accoi'ding to the trouble wiiicht
will be taken to approach the two navi-
gations. The upi^r part of this river,
until it pafics the Blue Ridge, is called^
in Fry and Jeficuibn's man, Ceimttgtroatt*
Patrick's,' St. a iinall towo, the
chief oF Camden co. Georgia, fituated
on Great Satilla river, about jx ntla
from its mouth, aad the fame ditianco
north
4H
'*h.
«f the tnwh of Saint
PATTiBsmi, atMMi lit Bcrgm co.
litwwJcHcy, called fo in honoar of the
fw nn w f ofthe State of that name, and
now one of the jtidgca of the fiipreme
hitfai court* It waa cftabliflied in eon-
AqoeiKc of an aft of the kgiflature of
Ncw-IerTej, in 179?, incorporating a
JMnuniAaring company with peculiar
■rivtlegea. fta iicuatton on the Great
Alia of Paflaie ri!ver» ta liealthy and
•grecsble. It now contains abmit 50
«n«eUing^hoDle8» independent of thofe
npffopr i ated for the machinery { and it
ia ceitrinly one of the moft convenient
fituationft for a manufaAuring town, of
an; on the continent. This company
«M incocporated to encourage all kinds
of nnnufaftares^ and the fuin of 500,000
doUe. waa Ibonftiblcribed i but for want
of experiencey and a proper knowledge
of. the bufinefs, much was expended to
little purpolc | and they were At laft
xedaccd to the neceifity of having re-
eoarie to a lottery to aflift them in car-
rying their plan into execution. It is faid
that matters ai-e now coitdu61ed more
judtcioudy, and that the unLertaking
prainifes to' be ufeful to the public, and
beneficial to the proprietors. It is 19
jmtles N. E. of Morriilown, 10 N. of
Newark, and 100 N E. by N. of Phlla.
(Mphia. N. lat. 40. is. W. long. 74. 57.
Patvcket, a fmall village about 4
miles N. E. of Providence', a buly place
of confiderable trade, and where manu-
fiiftures of feveral kinds are carritd on
with fpirit. Through this village runs
Patucket,.or Pawtucket river^ which
esqities into Seekhonk river at this
place. The river Patucket, called more
northerly Bbck (loners river, has a beau-
tiful fall of water, direflly over which
H bridge has bctn built on the line,
whkh divides the commonwealth of
Msflachufetts from the State of Rhode-
Ifland i diftant aliout 40 miles S. by W.
of Bofton. The confluent ftream emp-
ties into Providence river about a mile
below Weyboflett, or the Great Bridge.
The fall, in its whole length, isupwards
of fiity ftet ; and the water pafles
through feveral chafms in a rock, which,
extenning diametrically acrofs the bed
of the ftream, ferves as a dam to the
water. Several millt have been ere^leil
upon thele falls { and the fpouta and
cbanacU which have been conftrb£icd
PAtr
to eenddft the ftiMftis eif tiftii' K({ie<>«
ti«e wheels, and the bridge, have taken
very much from the b^uty ind grart.
deur of the fcene t which would other-
wife have, beeiv ifldercribably charming
and romaatid. \
Patixxint, or Patuxft, a navigabre
river of Maryland, which rifes near the
fouree of PatapTco riveri and empties
into the W. (ide of Chefapeak Bay,
between Drum and Hog Ifl:tnd Points,
15 or 10 miles N. of the nunnh of the
INitowmsc. It admits veflSila of t^^
tons to Nottingham, nearly 40 mile*
from its mouthy aiid of boat^ to QneeA
Anne, is miles higher. Patuxent is as
remarkable a river as any in the bay,
having very high land on its north Me,
with red banks or cliffs. When yon
double Dnim Point, you come too in ti
and 3 fathoms water* where you wifl
be fecure from all winds.
PAVCAR-CoLLA,ajurifdi6lion in the
biflioprick of La Paz, in South- America,
bordering on Chucuito. It is fituated
in the mountains, and abounds in eattfe.
The air is here very cold. The filVer
mine here, called Laycacota, was for-
merly fo rich, that the metal was often
cut out with a chiflcl } but the waters
having overflowed the works, it ie
abandoned.
PAVCARTAMlO,a jurifdiftion ofth«
diocefe of Cofco, in S. America. It ia
very fruitful, and lies 80 leagues eaft-
ward of the city of Cufco.
Pavkatvck, a fmall river which
empties into Stonington harbour, axA
forms a pare of the divifion line between
Connefticut and'Rhode-Ifland.
Pa VL's B A Y, St. on the N. W. fliorc
of the riv :r St. Lawrence, in K. Anieri-
carts about 6 leagues below Cape Tor-
ment, where a chain of mountains of
400 leagues in length terminate from
the weftward.
Paul's Bay, St. on theN. W. coaft
of Newfoundland Ifland. N. lat. 49. 50.
W. long 57. 55.
Paul's Island, St. an jfland in th«
ftrait between Newfoundland and Cape
Breton Iflands. It is about 15 miles
north-ealt of North Cape, in Cape Bre-
ton. N. lat. 47. 13. W. long. (o. a.
Pavl, St. a town of Brazil, S. Ame-
rica, in the captainfliip of St. Vincent.
It is a kind of an independent republicf
compol«l of the banditti of feveral nK>
tiona. However, they pay a tribute of
goU
IP AX
ytid M tbelc'iog of Portugal. It U fur«
rounded by inacceflible mo int»in« and
thick foKitt. S. lat. tj, S5. N, long.
45* 5*'
Paul,5/« a town of N. America»in
New Mexico, Htuikted at the conAuence
at' the two main head branches of the
Rio Bravo.
Paul, £/. the moft foutherly of the
Pearl Iflands, in the gulf of Panama,
S. America. In the north fide it a lafe
channel { where, if n^eceflkry, there it a
place for careening (hips. ■
Paul's, St. a parim in Ciiarleflown
dillri£l, S. Carolina, containing 3,453
inhabitants ; of whom »76 a.-e whites,
and 3,2oa (laves.*
PAULiNosTOWM,orP<!i<iv/i«jf, a town-
(bip in Dnchefs co. New-Yoikt lying
on the wellern boundary of Conne£li.
cut, and has South and Eaft Town on
't)ie fouth. In 1790, it contained 4,330
If]habitants, of whom 4* were (laves.
In 179A, there were 560 of the inhabi-
ants qualilied electors.
Paulinas KM. See Static co. New-
Paulsburgh, a townfliip in Graf-
ton CO. New-Hamp(hiFe, on the head
waters of Amonoofuck river, and thro'
which paflfes Androfcoggin fiver.
Paulus Hook, in Bergen co. New-
Jerley, is on the weft bank of Hudfon
r<iver, oppofite New-York city, where
the rivei' it 2,000 yards wide. Here is
the ferry, which is perhaps more ufed
than any other in the United States.
This was a fortified poft in the late
war. In 1780 the froftwas To intenfe
that the paflage acrofs the river here
was praflicable for the heavielt cannon.
Pawlst, % town(hip in Rutland co.
Vermont, having 1,45^ inhabitants. It
(lands on the New-York line, hasWelit
on the north, and Rupert in Bennington
CO. on the fouth, and is watered by Paw-
let river, which joins Wood creek and
the confluent ftream, falls in South Bay
at Fiddler's Elbow. Hayftack moim-
tgin is in this townfliip.
Pawtucket Fallst in Merrimack
river, aie in the town(hip of Dracut.
pAWTUXETf a village in the town-
IKip of Cranfton, Providence co. Rhode-
ifland.
pAXAfios, an ifland on the coaft of
California, in the N. Pacific Ocean. N*
l»t. 30. li. W. long. 1*0. 45.
Faxton, f/ffer and Lowtrt two
P^AZ 4f|
rowmflilpf in Dauphin co* Peiufprlvmia.
Paxton, a townHilp of MaflTadhnM
fetts, fitnatesl in WorccAer co. I milt*
wet of Worcefter, and 55 lbuth-w«il-
ei iy of BoAon. It was incorporated m
1763, and contain* 558 inhabitant*, k ■,
Payjan, afmall town inthejurtf*
diAion of TruxiUo» in Peru, 8 lc;.gu(»
S. of St. Pedro.
Payraba^ a town and eaptaindii|»
in the northern divifion of Brazil,
Payta, or Paita, a fmall fea-port of.
Quito on the coaft of Peru, with aneiu
cellent harbour, n league* north of thu
iOand called Lobos>dc Payta. Ship*
from Acapuico, Sonfonnate* Reale^
and Panama, to Caliao, can only touch
and refreth here ; and the length oi
their voyages, by reafpn of the wiod*
being moft of. the year againft thein^
occaiions tlie port to be very much fre-
quented. Yet fo par«hed is the (itua*
tion of Payta, that it affords little be-,
fides M\, a few goats, and fre^ water;
their chief provihons being fiirnilhed by
Colan and Piura, the one 3, and the
other 14 leagues difiant. The bay it
defended by a foit, and it is fo fituated
that even mulkels alone can hinder boat*
from landing, being under a pretty high
hill, on the fummit of which is another
forf, that coitiniands the town and lower
fjrt. It had only a fort with 8 guns»^
whenCommodore Anion took it in 1741.
He biurnt the town. In which was mer-
chandize to the value of a million and
a half of dollars, becaufe the governor
refufed to ranfbm it. The plunder, ia
dollars and plate, amounted to ^30,000
fterling. It was pluiidered and burnt
by Capt. Cavendiih, in 1 587, and by
George Spilberg in 1615. There is an-
chorage in io| fathomsj about a mile
and a half froit) the town. S, lat, 5. 15,
W. long. 80. 5 9.
. Paz, La, a fmajl jurifdi£lIon of the -
audience of Charcas, in Peru, S, Ante-
rica. It is fituated in the mountains, one
of whi^h, called Illinv|ni, contains, ia
all human probability, immenfe riclies.,
^or a crag of it being broken off fonit'
years fince by a 6aAi of lightning, (uch
a quantity of gold was found among tiie
fragments, that it was (bid for Ibme
time at La Paz fpr eight pieces of eight
per ounce. But the fummit of this moun-
tain being perpetually covered with ice
and (how, no attempt has been made to
opoiv a mine*
Paz,
4ii
?SA
P*e, /««, k cHy of Peru, and Mfikil
•f tkt ilMve i«riMi£Hoiit it iittwied caft-
«i«ni of th* like TKiic«« gn the fide of
a mrilfy* amoag th« breachw of the
MooMainei throagh whick • pretty
hrgt riv«r flows. In fnflKts» the cur-
NRt of the river forces «lon^ huge maf-
Ibt of rocktt with fome grains of goM.
In the year 1 7 30, an Tndtan, while wafli-
iw hi« feet in the river, found a lump
«tgold of Aich a frae, that the Marquis
dc Caflel Fuerte gave is,ooo pieces of
eight for it, and fent it to 8i«it) aa a
pracnt worthy the curiofity of his fuve-
reisn. This city contains, befides the
ratbcdrali many public edifices, and
»bottc »o,ooo inhabitants. It is iSo
Biles north of La Plata, and 3 50 fouth-
aaftof CuTco. S. lut. 15. 590 W. long.
(4» 30.
Pakaro, h cape of N. America, on
the W. fide of the peninfula of Califor-
nia, towards the fouth eiid of it, in about
bt. 14. M. and lone. 113. W.
pAKqvARO, a Take in Mexico, or
New^Spaia.
Peace, an ifland on the coaft oi
Noira.8cotia, a Mttle to the fouthward
af Mirachi Point.
Pbacham, a townflnp in Caledonia
«e. Vermont, lies W. of Bamet on Con-
jieAicut ri«w. It contains 365 inhabi-
tants
Peacock, a towflfhip in Buck's co.
Pennfylvania.
Pears OP Otte» are thought to be
tlie higheft part of the-Bkie Ridge, or
perhaps any other in. North- America,
meafiiring n'om their bafe. The height
is 4,000 feet ; which, however, is not
one-fifth of the height of the mountat.is
of South- America.
Pearl, a fmall ifle or (hoal in che
Weft-Indies, in lat. 14. 53. N. and
lonsj. 79. 13. V/.
Pearl, an ifland in theGulf of Mex-
ico, towards the mouth oF the Miflifippi,
a few leagues from Daunh'in lAanct ;
ab^it 6 or 7 miles in length, and 4 in
breadth.
Pearl IJlands, in the Bay of Panama,
called alio King Ifiand», fituated in the
S. Pacific Oceen. Thiy are la Itaguts
from tl» city of Panima. They nre
lo".-, and produce v/ouJ, water, friMt,
fowls and horsj they alfo afford good
harbours for (hips The noithernmoft
b named Pachea ; the fouthemmoft Si.
Paul's. N.lat. 7. xo. W. long. 81.45.
PSD
PtAM, a riwr which rlftt In tht
ChaAaw country, in tht W. put of
Oaoraki, haa a fouthcrly coitorie to tht
Oulfof Mexico, and is navigable up.
wards of 150 miles* Its principal
mouths are near the entrance, at the E.
end of the Regoleta, thr9«f h which i»
the paffage to Lake Ponchartralii. le
has 7 feet at its entrance, and deep
water afterwards. In 1769, there were
fome fettlements on this river, whera
they raifed tobacco, indigo, cotton, rice,
Indian corn, ami all forts of vegetables.
The land produces a variety of tinnber,
fit for pipe and hogfhead ftaves, maRs,
vards, and all kinds of j^ank for ftip.
building. ^
1 earn's Fomty on the W. fide of
the ifland of Antigua, and the W. fide
of Muflceto Cove. Off it ai^e the Five
Iflands.
Peckwalket, an &nc!er>t Indian
village, now called Fryeburg, 60 miles
fixMn the fea.
Pedez, a river which rifea in N. Ca-
rolina, vrhe.c u is clled Yadkin river.
In S. Carolina it takes the name of
Pedee ; and receiving the waters of
Lvnche's Creek, Little Pedee, and
Black river, it joins the Wakkamaw
river, near Georgetown. Thele united
ftreams, with the itcceiTion of a finall
creek on which Georgetown ftands, from
Winyaw Bay, which, about 1 a miles
below, communicates with the ocean.
Pedra Sbtedsi in the Weft-Indies,
extend from lat. 17. 20. to- 30. N. and
from long. 7.9. 9. to 79. 17. W.
PEDRAsFoinf, on the coaft of Brazil,
is 7 leagues K. S. E. from the ftmit of
St. Joim's Ifland, and 75 from Cape
North. Alfo a point on the fame coaft
10 leagues W. N. W. of Brandlhi
Bay.
Pedras, a ri'/er on tl>e N.W. fide of
Punta des Pedras, at the foutlkin ex>
trcrnity of An3!»on river.
pEnao, i/. a town in thcju-'fdiftloii
of Lambeyque, in Peru, conftfting of
130 houfes, mottly inhabited by Indian
families. It is wafhul by the river
Pacafmayo, which rcndera the country
round v.ry fertile. It is feated near
the S. Sea, zo leagues fioni X^mbeyr'ue,
S. lat. 7. 25. 49. W. long. 7S. zo. 15*
Pft RO, St. one f ♦he Marquefaa
Iflands, in the S. Pacific Otean, called
by the natives Oxateyo j it is about 3
leaguos tR circuit, ane Vvta 8.4^ hagucs
t'rbin
iV
P fi L
Itom theft, tnd of tft Domlitttt. S.
lat. 9« s^> ^« Ion?' 'S'* 30*
Piltiie, St. « towh of New-Me»ico,
H. AffK^iea, fituatedon theS fide of
Goral rit'cr, near the confl*:<;nce of tnai
rivtr MOi the Goiorado. X^x united
ftrMm runt a (hort way fouthward, and
Ml* i«it« tKe north |»&rt of the Gulf of
California.
,. Tttme Ptint, QrtM, is on the (buth
'^ coail of the iHand of Jamaica. From
Foitlant point to thit point, the courfe
it W. by N. about 1 1 leagues. About
8. f ft. diftance 14. leagues from Point
Pedri, lies the eafteramoft Pedro it^jf.
• Pedro, LiuU Ppiktt on the S^ tokti
of the fame ifland, Iks E. of Great Pe-
dro Point, within a flioal pnrtly dry ; '
but has 5 fathoms within itid to on the
outer edge of it.
pEttRO Point, St. on the coaft df Chi-
li, is 9 leagues N. N. E. of Point Qudar,
and 14 S. S. W. of Cape Galera. Port
Sti Pei^o is c<mtiguoUs to this point.
Pedro, Port St. is fituated S. W. of
the Ifland of St. Catherine! and on the
8. E. coaft of Brazil, at the entrance of
the river Lfll^lata.
PcoitO Khvert St. rtirts weft«rard to
the Gulf of Mexico. Its mouth is in
ilRJut \A<t.i\. N. and Tdhg. 98. W.
pBBrs.KiLLt alHtaU poft-town in
Weft-Chelter eb. New-Vork, on the E.
fide of jri\iJru.."8 rivfef, and H. fide of
thf ereek tff itji name, 5 miles from its
tnouth. tc is 20 miles fouth of Fifli-
Kill, and 50 northerly of New-Vork.
In the ^Vinttrof 1780, Gen.Walhington
tocartiped on tlie ftrdiig grounds in this
vicinity.
p£oVNNocK,a noTth-Weftem branch
of Paflfaik river, in New-Jcrfeyj whi<}h
rifts in ^uficjr co. The town of its
tiatne lies between it and Rotfkaway,
Another hrauch fouth of this river, N.
\*. of Morriftown.
PfijEPSCOT,,or P^Ipptatg Palis, in
AndittfcoggiA river. See Keniiebeck
River, &c.
Pelesoi), a name fometiities applied
to CUnch Ri*t;er j which fee.
PEiiKAM, a townfliip of Maffachu-
fetts, in Hamplhiredoi txrtiileS itbhh-
eifteilv of NorthaiuptoH, dnd 85 Weft
bf Bo4on-. It was Incorporated in 1741,
and contains 1040 Inhabitants.
PEL;!ANi,a towhihip ofRockinghnm
CO. NeV;^-Hamp(hire, fituated on rhe
fouth State line, which feparr.tes it fvoii:
DfMM tti UnUOclMfettk. It Ri* MriNl
E. fide of Bet¥rt fiver, )0 iMM Mk*
wefterly Of ftxetef, md )6 N. tH mt^
ton. It wtf hKorporated in 1 ^i «M
contains 7$i inhabitants.
PblhaM, a tovimfhip of New<<Yt#fc|
fituated in WeftChcfter co. botiMlea
foutherly aMd eaflerly bv the 8mihd»
northerly by the north bounds of th*
manor of Pelham, including If etv-Gi^,
Hart, and Applefby's Kbmds. It cak^
tains 199 inhabitants} of whom' s^ tir6
eleftors, and 38 flaves. '
Pelican, Great, an ifland a tnill
lon|r and very narrow, eaft of the Bay
of Mobile in the Gulf of Mexico. Iti
concave fide is towards the eaft end Of
Dauphin Ifland. Hawk's Bay lies be-
tween thefe two iflands. LitHe PtHtirit
Ifland is a fniudl fahd key, fouth-eaft of
Great Pelican. Its eaftem curve hi^et^i
large flioal extending from Mobile Point;
i>ELTCAi« Ijllands, on the fouth coA^
of the ifland of Jamaica, are fituite<} tn-
the point fo called, wenward of f drt-
Rdyal harbour.
PiBLiCAN, i ^all iftand atthi; fi^tb*
weft point of the ifland of Antrgua,
Pe Lie All R9eks lie in Runaway Bay»
on the weft fide kA the ifland of Antt-*
gua, towards the north-weft. They H^
under water, dnd are very dangerous^
Pelican. Sboab, fmall patches of
faiid^bSinki abont half a milV frbM i\\k
flior^ of the fotith'weft ctidft dt thi
Ifland of Barbadbes.
PzuktiiJiti a bay on the ftd-eokfl!of
LIficolh CO. Diftria of Maine. It Ke^
eaft of Sheebfcot liver, and contains I
number of Hlands, manyof which iti
imder culttvjition.
Pemaqjjid Po»«/, on the^Wtfft fid*
of the above bay, lies 2 thilis elft of
Booth Bay, and about 4 leagires horth •
weft of N^enhcgan iflahd. N. lat. 44.
5. W. long. 69.
Pemaoon, a ftttUment of the tHr.
trift of Maine, y miles from Denheyk
river, and *4froitl MdOle lllartd.
Pembroke, a townflilp ofMsflHcbti*
fctts, in Plymolith CO. 3 1 miles fctttb
by eaft of Bofton. It Was ineorpohittd
fn 1712, and contains 1954 inhanitant^'.
It lies li miles from themouthof Kfortik
river ; and vcd'eU of 300 tohs haVe b^!^
built here. See North Riifet.
Pembroke, the Sa*tco6li bf ihH tb^k
dians, atow^nfhipof KeW-Hathpfliiiif,
in Rockingham co. on the eaft' fid« of
D A Merrimack
4iS PEN
llcrrioMek rinr» oppofitt to Concord.
|t lict upon two frnftlf rlvera, Bowcook
9nd Sqncpokf which run a fouth by-weft
ceurfc into Merrimack river. In i7sS,
!t was fettled and called LovtnveS^j
ffum. It was incorpoi-atcd in 1759*
pod contains 956 inhabitantf.
Pkmiobwass£T, a river of New.
HampQiire» which fpringi firom the eaft-
cm part of the ridee called the Height
of Land. Moofe>hiTlock Mountain gives
it one branch ; another comes from the
S. W. extremity of the White Muun-
tains> and a third comcis from the
townfliip of Franconia. Its length is
about 50 miles { its courfe generally S.
«nd it reorives fiom both udes a num-
ber of flreams* Winnipifeogee river,
jcbmes from the lake of that name* an«l
unites its waters with the PemigewaHet
at the lower end of Sanbomtown. From
this junAion, the confluent ftream bears
the name of Merrimack^ to the Tea. See
•Miernmack,
Pjkndleton, a county of Virginia,
bounded north-weft by Randolph, and
fouth by Rockingham counties i water-
ed h^ the fouth branch of the Patow-
ntacK. It contains a,45« inhabitants,
including 7 3 (laves. Chief town « Frank-
ford.
Pendleton, acountyof Walhington
<iiftriA» S. Carolina, on Keorwee and Sa-
yapnah rivers. It contained, in 1795,
0,568 inhabitants, of whom 834 are
flaves ; and fends 3 reprefentatives and
X ftnator to the State legiflature. The
court'houfe in this county is 33 miles
N. N. E. of Franklin court-houfe in
Georgia, and 5 s weftwaro f Cam-
bridge. A poft- office is kept at this
court-houfe.
PENOUIN, an ifland in the Atlantic
Ocean, about 10 miles N. £. of the
coaft of Newfoundland. It has this
came from tiic: multitude of birds of
that name which frequent it. N. lat.
50. 5- W. long. 50. 30. There is alfo
an ifland of the fame name, on the coaft
of Patagonia, in the S. Atlantic Ocean,
3 leagues fouth-eali of Port Defire. It
is an uninhabited rock, high at the ends
and low in the middle, and is the iarg-
fft and outermoft of a number of imall
iflesor rocks, and is about amufltet-fliot
firom the main land. It abounds in an
yxtraordinaiy manner, with penguins
and fealci It ii three-fouiths of a mile
P.E N-
In lengthi and half a mile in breadth
from E. to W.
Pbnn's Rocht twocluftcrsof iflands
the hroadeit and fouth-wcft part of
m
N. America) diftin-
names of £. and W.
Hudibn's Bay,
guifhcd by the
Penn's.
Pennington, or FtMtffttnvu, a plea-
fantaml flouriflilng village in Hunterdon
CO. N«w-Jerfey, 9 miles W. of Prince-
ton, and 56 N. E. bv N, of Philadelphia. H
It contains a church for public worftip,
and about 40 houfes.
Penn Fort, ftands at the mouth of a
fmall creek, on the weft fide of Dela-
ware river, in Northampton co. about
SI miles noith of the town of Eafton,
and near 70 north of Philadelphia. N.
lat. 40. 59. W. long. 75. 13. The road
from Philadelphia to Tioga Point, paflcs
through the opening in the Blue Moun-
tains, called Wind, Gap, about 9 miles
fouth-weft of this fort.
Penn, Port, in New-Caftle co. DeK
aware, is fituated on the W. bank of
Delaware river, oppoflte to Reedy 1^-
and.
Penn's a townfliip of Pennfylvania,
on Sudquehannah river. See Nortbum-
berland.
PENNSBOROUOH,^4/7andF^, two
townfliips in Cumberland co. PennlVl-
vania. There is alfo a townfliip of thia
name in Chefter co. Pennfylvania.
Pennsbury, a fmall town of Penn-
fylvania, in Buck's co. on a. fmall creek
of Delaware river. It was a manor
which the celebrated Mr. Penn ceferved
foi* himielf. Here he built a houfe, and
planted gardens and orchards ; which,
with many additional buildings and im-
provements, ftill continue,
Penn*s Neck, in Salem co. New-Jer-
fey, lien on Old Man's Creek, which is
part of the boundary between Salem atul
Gloticefter counties. It is iz miles N.
E. by N. of Salem, 3f miles from the
Delaware, and 5 below SwedeflMrougb.
Penn's Neck, the nameof a range of
farms of excellent foil, fituaved about a
mile and a half fouth- eaft of Princeton
in New- Jerfey, on a point of land form-
ed by Millftone river and Stony brook.
It derived its name from the celebrated
legiflator, William Penn, who f(mnerly
owned this tra{l.
PENNSYLVANIA, one of the U-
nited States of America, is fituated be*
twec!^
>f ilhnds
part of
diAin.
and W.
P B N
twten i9. 43* ^^ 4*> N. Ut. and b«*
MFcrn 74. 4)1. and So. t. W. Ipngitudc)
hdng in length about itt niilei» and in
breadth 1 56. It it-boynded eaft by Del*
aware river, which feparatcs it from
Nevr Jerfey } north by New. York and
Lake £rie» where there is a good port :
Wft by the N. Wcftern Territory, and
9 part of Virginia ) fouth by a part of
.Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. The
State (except the purchafe mentioned
below) lie* in the form of a paralle-
logram. The north-weft comer of thi»
State, containing about 101,000 acres,
was lately purchafed of Congrefs by
this State. Pennfylvahia contains 44,900
iquara miles, and is divided into %z
counties, viz. Philadelphia, Chefter,
Delaware, Bucks. Montgomery, Berks,
Lancafter, Dauphin, Northampton, Lu-
zerne, York, Cumberland, Northura*
berland, Franklin, Bedford, Hunting-
don, Mifflin, Weftmoreland, Somerfet,
Fayette, Wafliington, Alleghany, and
Lycoming. Thefe are fubdivided into
townfliips, not by any fpecial law of the
Jegiflature, but on application of a fuffi-
cient number of the citizens, in any
neighbourhood, to the judges of the
court of common pleas and general
quarter frflions of the county. In each
townfliip the citizens have the privelege
of aflfemblin^once a year, to choofe two
overfeers ot the poor, two afTeflors, a
co]le£lor pf taxes, two fupervifors of
the roads, and a conftable. The num-
ber of inliabitants, according to thecen-
fus of 1790, is 4H>373> including 3,737
Haves : But the immigration of foreign-
ers has been fo cotifiderable, fince tnat
period, that the number muft be far
greater than could be expelled from
the natural increafe of popub^ion.
There are 6 confiderable rivers, which,
with their numerous branches, peninfu-
late the whole State, viz. The Dela-
ware, Schvylkill, Sf]fquehannah,Yough-
iogatiy, Monongahela, and Alleghany.
The bay and river Delaware are navi-
gable up to the Great or Lower Falls at
Trenton, 155 miles from the Tea, and
a Hiip of the line can afcend to Philadel-
phia, the metropolis, txo miles from
tiie Tea, by the mip-channel uf the Del-
aware. A confiderable part of the
State may be called mountainous ; par-
ticularly the counties of Bedford, Hunt-
ingdon, Cumberland, part of Ff-anklin,
Dauphin, and part of Buck's and North-
P£ N
419
Mnpton» through v^'ch paAi under
various names, the numerous ridgct a^
Ipurs which coIlcAively form thr Ore*t
Range of AlUgbanj mmintMns, Tht
principal ridges here are the Kittatinnyt
or Blue Mountains, which pafs north
of Nazareth, in Northampton co. an^
purfue a S. W. co«|r&, acrofs the Le«
nigh, through Dauphin co. }uft abovt
Harrifburg, thence on the weft fide of
the Sufquehannah, through Cumber-
land nmf Franklin counties. Back of
thefe, and nearly parallel with them«
are Peter's, Tufcarora, and Nefcopel(
Mountains, on the eaft fide of the Suf-
quehannah 1 and on the weft. Share-
man's Hills, Sideling HiUs, Ragged,
Great Warriors, Evita and Wills Moun-
tains } then the Great AUeghany Ridge %
weft of this are the Chefnut Ridges*
Between the Juniatta and the «ycft
branch of the Sufquehannah are jack's,
TulTy's, Nitting, and Bald-Eagle Moun-
tains. The vtues between thefe moun-
tains are generally of a rich, black foiia
fuited to the various kinds of grain and
grafs. Some of the mountains will ad-
mit of cultivation almoft to their tope.
The other parts of the State are gener-
ally level, or agreeably varigatea with
hills and vallies. The foil of Pennfyl-
vania is of various kinds j in fome parte
it is barren, but a great proportion of
the State is good land ; and no inconfi-
derable part of it is very ^ood. The
richeft tra£l that is fettled, is Lancafttr
CO. and the valley through Cumberland,
York and Franklin. The richeft that
is unfi!ttled, is between AUeghany river
apd Lake Erie, , in the N. W. part of
the State, and in the country on the
heads of the eaftera branches of the
Alleghany. Pennfylvania includes the
greater part of the kinds of trees, fhrubs, '
and plants, that grow within the Uni-
ted States. Oaks, of feveral fpecies,
form the bulk of the woods. Hickory
and walnut make a greater proportion
than in the northern States. Sanafras,
mulberry, tulip-tree, and cedar, are
common and grow to perfe£lion. The
magnoBa glauca, or fwamp-faflafras are
found in low grounds; the twigs and
roota are ufed both in bath and decoc-
tion for removing the rheumatifm.
The magMclia acuminata^ or cucumber-
tree, grows very tall about the weften^
mountains. , The magnoUa tripetala, or
umbrella- tiee, is found in fome parts 16
Ddi er
^
rt^
^ »tt kk MgM. The Utk U ftnooth,
|M t|M l<^Vei (bmetimet exceed <• or
fclMhei in tength»and 5 or 4 in breiutth,
Mnhindtlng In » point attaeh extremity.
Sil» leavei sfc placed at the «mda of
branchei, in a eirailar form, refem-
ttft in timbretia y hence tlw name.
Thebnirlc 6f the tuiip-tret i< elteemrti a
idlcrtbte Tubftihite for the Peruvian
tlirki out thfc tottmt flsttdm, or dog-
Wottd, Dlrhtch it ficeqtient in th« Stare, ii
I^Atriji. BdSdei many othtrr «ali\ahle
M«ei and Aruvi, art tlie ft^eral fpeciii
«f maple i of theft the Aaftet flowmd
ftitd Ai^ tnaphe ftit the moft ufeftil t
f^ey art common In th« northern ami
Winti parUof the State, anti are larger
ibMH thv other (>ecici, gitiwinj from
j6 to 60 ftethlgb» and yield abundance
wjiip foi* Then^aking of fngar. The
MbVleanred tqoth-a«h tree, ia found here
•Ml in MmyIvwI* The bark and cap-
^g nave an acrid tafte, and are tifcd
^ ir^lWtng the tonth-ach, whence it I-. s
M)t hi Mmf.. The ikrubby bithwyit
|M«rs dnt Fort Pitt.. It thtives in the
ftade, ia a rich foti } S>[p^>> about 30
ft«t high, ttnl ftndi off many twin-
ftif bnanchea* The nxtta have a lively
troitiattc taiftc* *nd are thought to have
MUal mtdkinat vii-tve to the fmalt Vir-
«nia ftnnie-root. 't\\t fa/iAvut cava-
2b(/(r, or ted-bervied elder, is found
ftntf Among tHe Indiana it is called
Aiver-bufh i and a decbftion of its wood
iind budt is highly dbenied by them.
It would be endtfeia. to defcrlbe the
6eautifti} flowering Arab** and ufeful as
alib ornamental ilhuits In this State.
Grape* of fe«ei« (br td are common:
the late kimt, when mellowed by froft,
make, with the ^dditit)n of (ligar^ good
wine. At prefeat, the cultivation of
the vine is much in vtoeue in Pennfyl-
lunid, and good wine nas.. been already
m'lide. Iron ore abounds- in this State :
copper, lead, and nihim appear in fome
places. Lirtictlone is common, as alfo
ftveral kind^i of marble^ Id the middle
aiid weftern country is abundance of
coat. At the head of the weftern
branch of Suli^iehannah is an exteniive
bed, which ftrctches over the country
fbuth-weftwardly, fo as. to be' found in
the gieateft plenty sbcut Pitifburg.
There are alfo confiderable bodies on
the head water's bf the Schuylkill and
lehlgh ; and at Wyoming there is a bed
doen, vhlcji gives vei^ intenfc heat,
VftAil quadnipcrfs, In tM -Hmt- dtfL
trifti, arc dt'er, hi great nambcra, bnu
vei-s, otters, racootti, and martini.
Buffiiloei rarely eix)fl the Ohio, and elk*
i'eldom advance from thi nor|hi Pan*
thers, wHd cats, bears, faxas and wolvt*
are not rarei^ the laft do moft nil('chiff»
ei^ially in the winter { but the iur and
(kms of all are valuable. In the thkk
fettlements, rabbits and ffpiirrclii vt%
frequent I allb minks and mufl(«rats in
inar(hes{ partfidgea are yet nninernuii,
though the late bard winters hnVe tle>
itroyed many, and wild turkies in tha
new fettlements } pheafimts ahd giouA
are become fcaree | pigeons, ducks and
wild tjeefe arc generally Ibund In plenty
in thch' pioper fea'ons. Here are k
great ntimher of ffnging birda, as many
migrttte to this State icom N. and S. ia
certain fealbns.
Trouts are common In the rivukt«„
in length^ftldom above a foot. In the
eartem «|^«rs, the principal fifli are it)ck.
and fheep's head, with (had and \her-
ring, which, in the fpriag, come up
from the fea in great flioala. Thefe are
not found in the wrftem waters, which
are laid to have their-own valuable kinds,,
efpecially a fpecies of cat fifll, weighing
ftom 50 to mo pounds ) yellow perch
and pike are alfo in them much larger
and more numeraus. The fouth Ade
of Pennlylvania is the beft fettled
throughout, owing entirely to the cir-
cumftaiice of the weftern road having
been nm by the armies, prior to 1761,
tinbugh the towns of LancaAcr, Carlifle
and. Ifcdford,. and thenoe to Pittfburg.
For the purpfe of tuining the tide of
fettlcrs from this old channel into the.
nnfettled parts of the State, the govein-
mentiAnd landed intereft of Ptr (ylva*
nia have been, and are ftiil, bui) .1 cut.
ting convenient roads. During the lum*
mer of 1788, they laid out a road nortk
from the former roads beyond Bethle-
hem,, to the north portage between Del-
aware and Sufquehannah ; and thence
north 80" weft to the mouth of the Tio»
ga, the former 70 miles, and the lattc
above 60. It is now in contemplatic...
to cut a roadefromSunbury, at thp fork*
of the E. and W. branohis of Sufque-
hannah, W. 1 50 mifes, to the mouth of
Toby's creek, which empties into thC'
Alleghany from (he eaft. A road is-
alfo cut from the mouth of the Tioga,
fouthvrard to the mouth of Loyal, which
imptics
PEN
««|idM bito iIm weft branch of SolSjnw-
iMAiwh. AMMbcr immI » cut tnom
UuBtingdflA t«wni c« Fritnka>Town
branch of the jMvintfa, wtftward %o
milri to Concmaght a mvignblc branch
of the AUeghMy. A tiim|^>4c road ha«
b««i latffhr coMPlir«| from PhiU^clphin
to Lancamr, which Oiorten* the dittance
between theie place* S miles i and others
are in contemplation. From Swetaia
to the Tiilpchoken branch of tbe^chMyi-
|cill» a can4 ami lock navii(fition is
undertahcn, end the works cuium«nccd,
by an incoipoi'atcd cump;Miy, wlivfe ca
piol is 400,000 dollae. This leads
through the Scheylkill to Philadelphia.
WlKn this (hail he tflfeclal, a paiTtse
will he ojien to Philo^lelphia from the
Juniatta, the Tioga, and the K> and W.
branches <^ the Sur<]uehannah» which
water at ieaii 15,000,000 pf acres.
Fi«m this jundioii, the general courl'e
af the Sui'qaehannah i« about Ibuth-ealt,
until it falls into the head of C'helhpeak
9ay at Havre de Grace. See Titga
Hi'ver. On the completion of tiie pre-
lent pinns, the State will be a» conveni-
ently interfcfkcd by lond* as any other
of Its fiye in the Union, which will
greatly facilitate the fettlement of its
jiew lands. A flight view of the map
of Pennfylvania will bell (hew how fine-
iy th>» State is fituated for inland navi-
gation. Nature has done fo much for
inl.ind land-carriage, that although
Philadelphia and Lake Erie are diibnt
from each other above ^00 miles, there
is no doubt but that the rivers of the
State may be fo improved, as to reduce
the bnd carriage between them nine-
tenths, {n the (ame way the navigation
to Pitt(burg« alter d\ie improvement,
may be ufnl inftcad of land-carriage for
thewholediftance,eicGept 13 miles. By
thefe routes it is clear, that a large pro-
portion of the foreign articles ufed on
the wellern waters muft be tranlpoited,
«nd their (vrSf ikins, ginlrng, hemp,
flax, pot-alhi an4 other commodities
brought to PhiMelphia.
Pennfylvania has the various kinds of
gr^in, &c. common to the neighhour-
Uig States, but whi^at is the principal
grain of very general cult: in. In
the year 17-86, the exports o> dour were
150,000 barrels) in 1789—369,618
barrels } and much greater quaiitities in
yeara fince. The manufactures of this
lurte BTfL sS munerout kutd«« Iron
PEN
4M
workt an vf isng kuiAnp md tkcif
prodoAi iiKrwfc Hi quantity* and imc
prove in <|i«ility. The furnacea am l|^
and the forgca 17* There ara 1 1 roUing
and flitting niilU» wbkh are faid to««|t
and roll tco tontfiyearr TbcfofMi
will, it ie thoHi^ht, if properly rondu^
ed, inaniifaAwre each i7«t«iiMof bar
iron a ycai^M-tatal toje lona* Bcfidas
pif^s call at the fumacea, there are pot^
kettles, pans, ovenf»la<ttea, tonga* |hQ«-
els, aitd ifonSf plough-iiWMi fpa4a^
hoes, flieet-iroot lioopai irah aiM ftifi
woi k for oleafure and working eanriagVfi
nails, bolts, lbikef{ various icon-^^ek
for (hips, ^11l« ami buildings, cannoH
ha 1 1 «, and Ibme mufltcts | fey thies, ficklef,
.<xcs, drawing-knives, I'ome fawa and
pluiet, and other tools. The other «r»>
leofive manutaOures are numerous, vi|«
tiiule of leather, ikins, and lur, woodt
paper, gunpowder, bricks, earthenware*
copper, lead, tin wares, pewter, co^
tun, I'ugar, molafles, tobacco, ice. fto.
There are 51 paper-mills in the 8tat«<|
and their annual produfl i« comput-
ed at s5,«oo dollars. Since tba
year 1770, i.< nnpowder mills haw
been ereAcil. There are about 300,00b
wool and fur hats mnnufiAured annii-
ally in tiM State) nearly one half of
which are of fur. In the manufaAure
of iron, paper, . pleafure carriages, and
cabinet work, Pennfylvania exceeda
not only New- York, but all her ftfter
States. Much cotton is worked up in
families; and impoiled linen is now
printed, in an increafing degree. The
manufa6lures of Pennl'ylvania have
greatly increafed within a few yearl*
as well by maAer workmen and jour,
neymen trom abroad, as by the ikill and
iiutudry of the natives. Some perfoiig
have begun to prefs oil from hickoiy
nuts. The Meflrs. Marflialls of Phila.
delphia, have commenced the makine
of Gbuber's fait, fal ammoniac, and
volatile falts ; they ab-eady lupply the
whole Union with the firft article, and
export a part of the others. A mill of
Rumfay's (the improvement of Bar-
ker's) near tlwt city, grinds, by water,
flour, chocolate, fnufF, hair powder, and
muflard ; fliella chocobite nuts } preflS»
tolMcco for chewing and Imoakinr}
and bolts meal. The water-work«
near the falls of Trenton, which
grind grain, roll and flit iron, and
pound plafter of Pariii cxbihit gfuA
Dd 3 mechaniflaa«
4^ PEN
mechanirra. C^rd manufaftorles are
lately 0*. up. The hand machinec
for carding and fpinning cotton have
been tntruduced and- improved. Sir
Richard Aricwright*8 famous Miater-miU
^r i^innin? cotton yam has been ob-
tained) alio the maehinVr) to (liver,
rove, and fpin flax and hemp into
thread » fit for linen of thirty cuts to
the pound ; which will alfo ferVe for
the roving and fpinning combed wool
into worited yarn. Screws for paper-
mills are now cut from folid caft iron.
'Lanterns for li.^ht-houfes are made by
Mr Whoe'er of Philadelphia : who al-
fo executes work for fuear-.miils in the
Wefl- Indies : during tna war he made
cannin from wrought -iron. The com-
merce of Penntylvania with the eaftern
and fouthem States is, in great part,
an exchange of ftaple commodities.
Wheat-flour and bar-irop are exported
to New- England for whale-oil and
bone, fpermaceti, feai-flcins, mackerel,
cod-fiih anb falmon, Rhode-IHand and
Connefticut cheefe ; to S. Carolina and
Georgia for live-oak, cedar, cotton,
rice and indigo; to N. Carolina for
tar, pitch, turpentine, and luiiibcr.
Much of the »rad: with the fouthem
States arlfes fron' the Aiperiority of
Pennfylvania in manufaAurcs and com-
merce. Great quantities of deer-lkins,
with ihofe of otters, racoons, foxes,
u)uflc-rats, ard beavers, are imported
from the back country. Virg'-ita fends
a great di-al of wheat, and unmanufac-
tured tobacco. In return, /he receives
many articles of cloathing. furniture,
farming utenHIs, equipage ; fome Eaft-
India ;nd European gootis i and cvin
Weft-India produce j of all thefe, more
or I'sfs, accord hg to the local improve-
ment and fituation. Hat.«, faddlery,
fhoes, windfor chairs, carriages, hews,'
H^nn, iron caftings for domeftic ufe,
Tvhed tire, ipadcs, iioes, axes, paper,
books, tin- ware, and bru(hes, conftiiute
a great pro|>ort»«ln of the exports tr^ the
ibuthward. N«imerotts droves of ican
fittle come f;om the weljitm parts of
thelie States, where they have a wide
rsnw, but want meadow. Virginia
4ends of late a tbnfiderable deal of coal,
fpme lead, and peach biandy. This
liquor alfo comes from Msryiand } but
from both in quantity very Imall, con-
fideripg its value, and the facility of
nuOng the ttui*» The eaileni ihore of
PEN
Maryland fends to Fhilaidelphia conff.
derable quantities of wheat, and Indiaii
com; frc-n the wtftem conies the kite-
foot tobacco. This State has alfo fom9
trade with the fouth of Feni)fylvania,by
the way of Chelapeak hay i feme parts
of it receive the fame comniodities as
Virginia, efpecially pleafore carriages.
The trade with New- York depends
chiefly ■ the fiu6^uation of the mar-
ket; American and iureign goods, of
the fame kinds, are carried between
the two capital cities, as their prices
fall and rite. Albany peas and craw. flfh
are, however, articles m regular demand
from New- York. Great part of New-
Jerfey and Delaware State have, as
neighbours, much intercourfe with
Pennfylvania. The firft fupports in a
great meafurethe market of^ Philadel-
phia, furaiihes rye-meal, much Indiat>
com and lumber, and fome iron bloom-
ery: the other fends great quantities
of^ excellent flour from the mills of
Brandywine, Itnnber fi'om the di||rift
on the bay, and fat cattle firom the paf-
tures adjoining Delaware. Many of
thefe, and of thofe fattened in the vici-
nity of Philadelphia, are brought from
the fouth ; and alfo firom the countries
on the North and Conne£licut rivers, aa
far as Vermont wA Maflachufetts.
The commerce of Pennfylvania, itt th«
weft, is by the Ohio with the Spanifh*
7nd by the lakes with the Britifti dotnt-
nions ; and both ways with the Indian
tribes. This trade will probably b«
confiderable, fince commercial fiipula-
tions are formed with thofe powers, and
peace is concluded with the Indians.
At preient nearly the whole foreign
commerce is carried on by the port of
Philadelphia. Its diftance from the fea,
and its clofmg by ice in the winter, are
dii'advantaees ; but the firft In leflened
by improved pilotage; the other by the
conftruftion of the piers below, and by
the occafional thaws which permit vef-
kls to clearthtir way durii^g the winter.
In common Ceafons the navigation isob-
ttru£ted fix weeks ; a (horter period is
as probable as a longer ; though in the
late hard winters, |oads of wood have
pafTdd the river near the city, in the
firft days of March. The population
of this ftate has been already mention-
ed: it is nearly lo for eveiy fqnare
mile. The number of militia is efti-
mated at upwaixli cf ^,000, between
18 and
ith t'iit Indian
tl apd 53 yean of age. The inhabU
tants ai'e princtpaUy the defcendants of
Engliih, Irifh, and 'i^ermans, with ibme
Scotch* Welch, S^vedes, and a few
Dutch. There are alio many of the
Irifli and Germane who emigrated when
young or middle aged. The Friends
and fipifcop'alians, are chiefly of £ng-
lifli extract ion, and compofe about onc>
thiwt of the inhabitants. They live
chiefly in the metropolis, and in the
counties of Chefter, Philadelphia, Bucks
an<l Montgomery. The If ith are mottly
Picfbytcrians, but fome are Roman
Catholics : their anccftors came from
the N. of Ireland, which was latterly
fettled from Scotland ; hence they have
been loraetimes called Scotch Irlfli, to
denote their double deicent. They in-
habit the weftem and frontier counties,
and are numerous. The Germans
compofe about one quarter of tlie inha*
bitants of Pennfylvania . They are mod
jiumerous in the north parts of the me-
tropolis, and the counties of Philadel-
phia, Montgomery, Bucks, Dauphin,
jLancafter, York, and Northampton;
tnoftly in the four laft, and are fpread.
ing in other paits. They confift of Lu-
therans, (who are the moft numerous
fefl) Calvuiift, or Reformed Church,
Moravians, Roman r^itholics, Mennon-
ifts, Tunkers, ano -Ingfelters, who
are a fpecies of Quakers. Thefe are
all diftmguilbed for their temperance,
induftryj and economy. The Baptifts,
except the Mennonifts and Tunker
Baptifts, who are Gerpians, are chiefly
defcended of emigrants from Wales,
and are not numerous. A proportionate
aflemhlage of the national prejudices,
the manners, cuflcuns, religions and
political fentiment$ of all thefe, will
form the Penni'ylvantan chara6ler.
The number of congregations in the
State is as follows: Pre(byterlans, 86;
German Calvinifts, 84; nearly 84. of
German Lutherans} Friencis or Qu'i-
kers, 54; Epifcopalians, z6; Baptiifs,
15; Roman Catholics, 11 } Scotch
Prelbyterians, 8 ; Moravians, 8 ; Free
Quakers, i ; Univerfalifls, t ; Cove-
nanters, I } Methodifts, 3 or 4; and a
Jewidi Synagogue ; the whole amount-
ing to 384. The literary, humane,
and other ufefiil focir*ies, are more nu-
onerous and flourifliing in Pennfylvania
than in any of the fixteen States. The
feminarles of learning are refpeflable.
PEN 4tf
There U xn univerTity at Philaddlphia*
and colleges at Carlifle and Lanca/tw.
The Epifcopalians have an academy §t
Yorktown in York co. There are alfi>
academies at Germantown, »% Pittlbui|F,
at WaOiington, at Allen's- Town, and
ether places } thefe are endowed fay do^.
paticns from the legiflature, and by li-
beral contributions of individuals. The
legiflature have alfo referred 6o,o«o
acres of the public lands for public
fchools. The United Brethren, or Mo*
ravians, have academies at Bethlehem*
and Nazareth on thp bcft eftatilifliment
of any fchools perhaps in America*
Befldes Philadelpiiia,' the metropoliat
the chief towns are, Lancafter, the larg'*
eft inland town of the United States*
Carlifle, Pittfl>ui:g, Sunbury, Bethle-
hem, Reading, Yorktown, HaiTifl)urgi
Wafliington, &c. This State was fet-
tled by the celebrated William PeDn»
fon ot the famous Admiral Penn, in
1 68a. By the favourable terras which
Mr. Penn ofliered to the fettlers, and
an unlimited toleration of all religiotot
denominations, the population of the
province was extremely rapid. The pro-
prietaries, after the revolution, accepted
of ^f foiooo fiom the legiflature, in lieu
of all quit-rents. They, however, fl:ill
poflefs in Pennfylvania many large tra6lt
of excellent land. The prefent conftitu-
tion of this State was ratified June istb*
1792. A convention, to amend the con^
ftitution, may be called where a minority
of the people fliall flgnify their wiflt (o
it. The expenoe of the government of
this State amounis to ^31,180 annually
See Pbiladelpbiat for an account of tha
exports and imports of the State, &c.
Pennytown. See Pennington,
Penobscot, a bay on the coaft of
Hancock co. Piftri£l of Maine, and call-
ed tfiirombsga by the flrft difcoverer, it
about 16 leagues wide from Naflceag
Point and Burnt Coat Ifland, on the F
to the point on which Thomaft'
ftands, on the weft fide of the
The chief iflands it enclofes ar. JWn
Haut, Long and Deer Ifland? ^Yt
a number otfmallifles, rocks, •* Fox,^
Through this bay to th 'i,?^^^**
the river of its name, th' ' ^** f^gts,
iiel goes up by ^ head- . J,o^°"*" of
called Owfs Head, ? i^^^'^^ <^''«-
Ifland on the W. M^tZ^ ^•
the E. to Bagad. ^ GapT S»J^"«-
era channel is Y J^pPbinr T^"*roa
tk.e
4
VIST
iiM ^ Mfd Bttrnt i^ott IflMd on thft
nfti mWI through • reach, c«Ued Long-
Rcadi, fcmMd by the IkovH of Naflceag,
WScdffwick, onth E. or N. E. and
llMr-li«ndt on the W. or 8. W. tilt it
imitet with the other channi l» between
3V)inC Rofier and Long-lfland. On a
fine peninfula on the eaft fide of the
iMy, the Britiih built a fort and made a
ftttlement which i« now the fttire-town
•f the county of Hancock, and is acorn-
pnodiovt place for the lumber trade.
Haut.Ifland, cr Ifle of Holt, lies in lat.
44. ts. N. and ion^ 6S. 10. W. and is
the louthernmoft ot the large iflti.
PBNOB6COT, the noble river which
tmpties its waters into the above def-
cribcd bay, is the moft . confiderable in
thcDiftrift of Maine, and rifes by two
iMMches in the high lands. Between
the fourceof the weft fork, and its junc-
tion with the eaft, is Moofehead Lake,
30 or 40 mtle« long, and 15 wide. The
taftcm branch pafles tl)!:'>ugh feveral
finaller takes. From the t >rk8, as they
•re called, the Penobfcot Indians pafs
to Canada, up either branch, principally
the weft, the fource of which, they
ffiy, is not nonre than tc miles froni the
uraters which empty into the St. Law-
rence. At the torks is a remarkable
high mountain. From thence down
to Indian Old Town, fituated on an
Uland in this river, is about 60 miles, 40
ofwhich, the water fl6ws in aftill fmooth
tream, and in the whole diftance there
are no (nils to interrupt the paflage of
t>oats. In this diftance the river widens
and fmbi-aees a great number of iflands.
About 60 rods below Indian Old Tosvn
are the Great Fallsjwhere is a carrying-
place of about fto ixxis} thence 11
wiles to the head of tlie tide there are
no fells to obftruCl boats. VefTels of -o
tons come within a miie of the head of
#ieticle. Thence 35 miles to the head
df the bay, to the fcite of Old Fort Pow-
nal, the river flows in a pretty ftraight
courfe, and is eafily navigated. . Pafling
by Majabagadufe on the eaft 7 miles,
Vand.Owj's Hertd «« «lil% further, on
the weft, you enter the ocean. It is high
•i^a^jr here, at full and change, 43 mi-
nut'cf pa^l |0, At tlie entrance of the river
is io'tath(>nn water. The Indians have
' a <i6ihinai^icB( ion from this river to Scoo-
dick river by a bortage of 3 miles. This
Tif|ir was the wcftern limits of Nova-Sco-
llyp^ A<i4«i, by the treaty of I7.tt%c.ht.
'*'-jr%'- - - ' ' ' ' '
i>*-
Pbnomcot,* a uoA-tomi af tli»
DiftriA of Maine, on tnc caft fide of the
bay of its name, fituatad in lat. 44. X4.
N. •; miles N. by W.of Blue-Hitl. 141
N. W. of Poitlmd, %6i N. by S. of
fiofton, and 6e6from PhiMelphia.lt is
a port of entry, and carries on a fmal|
trade in fifli and lumber. TIm export!
in. 1794, ending Stpt, 30, amounted to
5,Sa5 dollars. This townftiip contain*
ed in 1790—1,048 inhabitants. In Feb.
1796, it was divided into two towns }
the one retaining the name penobfcot,
the other named Caftine, was made the
(hire-town, is a port of entry, and con-
tains the poft-office.
Penobscots, a fmall tribe of In.
dians who live in Indian Old Town, on
an ifland in Penobfcot river. They
aver that they have poflefttd the iiland,
on which their town (lands, 500 years.
Itftands juft above the Great Falls, and
confifts of about aoo acres of land. See
Indian OldTvwn, In a. former war,
this tribe loft their lands; but at\>the
commencement of the laft war, the
Provincial Ccngrefs forbade any perfon
fettling on the lands from the head of
the tide oa Penobfcot rivrr, included
in lines drawn fix miles from the river
OH each fide; that is, a traft la miles
wide, interft£ted by the middle of the
river. They, however, confider that
they have a right to hunt and filh as far
as the mouth of the Bay of Penobfcot
extends. This was their original right,
inoppofition to any other tribe, and they
now occupy it.
Pensacola Harbtur and TVuw.
The Harbour is on the N. (hore of the
Gulf cf Mexico, 1 1 leagues eaft of P^rt
Lewis, and Mobile, and 1 58 W. of the
iflands of Tortuga. It is large, fafc
from all winds, and has 4 fathoms water
at its entrance, deepening gradual^ to
7 cr 8. The bar lies in Tat. 30. 15. N.
and long. 87. 14 W. The town ofPen-
facola, the capital of Weft-Florida, lies
along the Vach of the bay, is of an ob-
long form i about a mile in length, and
a quarter of a mile in breadth. It con-
tains feveral hundred habitations; and
many of the public buildings and houfes
are, I'pacious and elegant. The guver<-
nor*s palace is a large ftune building, or-
namented with a (uwer, built by the
* Thin defcription appliei to this town as
it ftood before its d^yifion, in 1796-
Spaniards*
I to thi> town as
PEP
•puiiRrdfl. It it defended by a fmall
Ibrt, called St. Mary de Galve. The
cxuot'ts from this town, conilfttng of
flcinat logwood, dytng-ftufF and iiivei
dollars, amounted, while in the poflcf-
fmn of the Britiflt, to ,(^#3,000 annually.
The average value of imports, fpr 3
years, from GreaF>Britatn,was^97,ooo.
The town and. fort of Penfacola furren-
dered to the arms of Spain, in the year
1 78 1, and with them the whole pro-
vince. Efcambria river, or Shambe, is
the largeft ftreani which falls into Pen-
facola Bay. It admits fliailops ibme
mites up, and bpats upwards of 50 miles.
Pentecost, an ifland in the Archi-
pelago of the Great Cycladest which fee.
It was difcovered by Bougainville, May
ia,i768, and named from the day, be-
ing the day of Pentecoft. It is two
leagues dillant from Aurora Ifland,
which is in 15. 8. S. lat. and 165. 58.
B. bug. from Parts.
Penuco, a province of Mexico;
feparated from that of Angelos, or
Tiafcala, on the N. by Tufpa river. '
Pepchidiachich, a point or head
land, on the S. ihure of the Great Bay
of Chaleurs, near the N. E. extremity
of the province of New-Brunrwick. It
is alfo called Pepchidichi, and lies W.
6. W. of Port David.
Pepin, a lake, or rather a dilatation
of the river MiHifippi, where it receives
the river Chippeway from the N. E. in
lat. 44.. 5. N. and long. 93. 42. W.
below the Falls of St. Anthony.
Pepperell, a townfliip of Mafla-
chufetts, on theE. branch ot Nafliaway
river, and on the N. line of Middlefex
CO. It joins Groton on the rotith-eaft-
ward, and is 40 miles N. by W. of Bof-
ton. It was incorporated in 1753, and
contains M3X inhabitants.
PEP'pERELBOaouGH, a townfliip in
York CO. Diftrift of Maine, on the N . E.
fide of Saco river, near the mouth, and
which feparates it from Biddeford to
the fouthward. It is ahout ii miles
S. W. of Port land, and 109 N. of Bof-
ton. It was incorporated in 1772, and
contains 1,351 inhabitants.
Pepsiguiache, now called New-
Carlifle, l". about 3 leagues from Pafpi-
biaf, on the north <ideof Chaleur Bay.
P^psiGUiACH Point, on the northern
fide of Chaleur Bay, now called Pafpi.
Ifiae PofnU is about 3 leagues W. N. W.
^f ^aft Mouville. It is a^ barren plaiji
PER 4^
that it nearly a' league in lengtb. A
very exteniive HAiery is carried en hbi?t
for Aich a ftnall place.
P EVY't IflandSf the fame trfth Falk-
land Iflands. Ptpy^ Ifl'.nd, defcrib^
in Commodore Anion's Voyage, lies !a
lat. 47. S. 8 Icnijues E. of Cape Blanco*
on the coaft of Patagonia, and yna dif.
covered by Capt. Cowley in i68o,'w'i<i
reprefentt it to be commodious for '.ak-
ing in wood ; nd water, and pvcvided
with, a harbour capable of holding 1000
fail of fliips ; abonnding with fowls, and
promiiing great plenty of fifli.
Pequanack, a townfliip of Morrit
CO. New-Jerfcy; perhaps the fame at
in fome maps is called Pegunnockt
which is feparated from Bergen cO.
northward by Pegunnock river.
PsQUANNOCK Point and River.
The river is a fmall ftream which runt
fouthward through the towns of Hunt-
ington and Stratford, in Fairfield cp.
Conne^ieut, and empties into a bay in
the Sound where veffels may anchor.
The point forms the weftern extremity
of the bay near which are fome rocks ;
from thence the outer bar extends N. by
N. E. The point is 5 miles S, W. of
Stratford river.
Pe R AM vs, or Perames, in Bergen co.
New-Jcrfey, lies on the point of land
formed by the branches of Saddle river,
a north water of Paflnik; about 18
miles northward of Bergen, 10 weft of
Tappan, and ai N. W. l)y N. of New-
York city.
Percee, /'//^^,a fmall but remarkable
ifland on the weft fide of the Qtilfof
St. Lawrence, being a perpeniiicvdar
rock, pierced with two natursl arch»;.s,
.hroHgh which the fea flows. One of
thefe arches is fiifficiently high to admit
a large boat to pals freely through it.
It is 15 miles fouth of Cape Gafpee. It
is afl'erted that it was formerly joined
to Mount Joli, which lies oppofite to it
on the continent.
Percipan V, a vi'lage in Morris co.
New-Jcrfey, fituated on a branch of Paf-
faik river, and 6 miles N. of Morriftown.
Pbrcv, an extenfive townfliip in
Grafton co. New-HampHiire, watered
by the feveral branches of Ujiper Amo-
noofuck river, bounded weft by Nor-
thumberland, on Conncdlic'.it river. It
was incorporated in 1774, and containt
only 48 inhabitants.
F ERDiDO, a i'iver and bay on thecc^ft
;44i6 PER
•f Weft-FIorida. The mouth of the
yiycrii about lo leagues eaftward of Mo-
bile Point, and 4. weftward of the bar
«f Penfacola. The entrance is narrow,
with a bar of fix feet, but afterwards it
widens coniiderably. This was for-
■Mrhr the boundary between Florida
Md Louifiana, dividing the French and
Spanilh dominions. The river ftretches
In one place north-caA, where it goes
within a mile of the great lAgoon weft
(of the entrance of Penfacola harbour.
Peres Ifiandy or Conftautine Fires t
«n the conft of Chili, .S. America. It is
. oppoiite to Port Coral. On this ifland
is a fort called Manfera, and on the
back of the ifland there is aa entrance
ibr boats into the harbour of Baldivia.
Perica, three iflands in the bay of
Panama, S. America; which give fhel-
ter to fliips out of the command of the
town of Panama.
PERiTAS IJlanJst on the Spanifh
Jvlain, coaft of S. America, 3 leagues
weftward of Ctimana Bay.
Perkins, Port, lies on the S. W. of
IVaftington's Ifle, on the N. W. coaft
of N. America. Set Mag.'^'s Sound'
Perkiomy, a townftiip of Pennfyl-
vania, in Montgomery co.
PERtiCAN, Old, an indifferent fliip
foad with rocky ground en the £. coalt
of Newfoundland Ifland, 1 leagues S.
W. bjr S. of Break Heart Point. Sher-
wick is the name of its N. point.
pERLtCAN, Ne'w, a noted harbour on
the £. coaft of Newfoundland .*fland,
». leagues W. S. W. of Old Perlican,
and § leagues, from Random Head. It
has a wide and fafe entrance, and fliips
mav ride in it landlocked from all winds
in from 10 to 5 fathoms water.
Pernambvco, a captainfliip in the
northern divifion of Bi'^zil, whofe chief
town i» Olinda.
Pe R N A M B vco,orPi&«rna/n^«r0,other-
wife called Panambuco, a place of con-
flderaUi* trade on the E. coaft of Brazil,
having a bay or harbour of the fame
name ; fituated between Paraiba on the
N. and Cape St. Auguftinc on the S. in
lat. 8. S. and long. 35. W. Provifions
end other articles are brought hither
from Para, and from hence great quan-
tities of tobacco are fentofFto Europe.
PERNAMfiUCoi a river on the coaft
of Brazil. S. America, fouthward of
Tamerica Ifland. It is blocked up with
fand } and fliips enter it from the north-
ward, at the entnuceof the Receif har-
bour, 3 leagues from it. 8. lat. 8. 30.
W. long. 35. 7«
Perpbtva, Cape, on the north-weft
coaft of N. America. N. lat. 44. 6.
W. k)n{[. 1x4. 8. Variation of the
compals in the year 1779, ^7- 5°' £•
PER<iyiMONS, a CO.- of Edcnton dif.
triA, N. Carolina, bounded weft b/
Chowan co. and £. by Paf(|uotjnk, from
which laft it is feparateu by the river
Pafquotank, a water of Albemarle
Sound. It contains $,440 inhubitants,
of whom 1.878 are flaves.
Person, a new co. in Hillflioroagh
diftriA, N. Carolina. The court-houfe,
where a poft-oiBc; l» kept, is z6 mil«s
N. of HiUfuurough, and 34 £. of Caf-
well New Court-Houfe.
PertH'Amboy, a city of New.Jcr-
feyi pleafantly fituated in Middlefex co.
at the head of Rariton Bay, and ftands
on a neck of land included between Rari>
ton river and Arthur Kull Sound. Its
fcite is high and healthy. It lies open
to Sandy-Hook, and has one of the b^
harbours on the continent. Vefl*els from
fea may enter it in one tide, in almoft
any weather. It is a port of entry and
poft-town i but although it is admirably
fituated for trade, and the legiflature
has given every encouragement to in-
duce merchants to fettle here, it is far
from being in a flourlfliing ftate.- It
contains about 60 houres,and carries on
a fmall trade to the W. Indies. Its ex-
polls for a year, ending 30th Sept. 1794,
were to the value of 58, 1 59 dolls. It is
35 miles fouth-v/el^. of New- York, aivi
74 north-caft of Phiiiv'.elphia. N. lat,
40. 35. W, long. 74, 50.
Peru, a newtownfliipof New-York,
in Clinton co. on the weft fide of Lake
Champlain. It was taken uom the
towns of PIattfl)urg and Willftiurg,
and incorporated in 1792. It is an ex-
cellent traft of land, and fettling faO
In 1796, there were, of the inhabitants,
lao qualified ele£lors. ,
Peru, a diftri£lof S. America, aboyt
1800 miles in length, and about 530 in
breadth } bounded W. by the South Pa-
cific Ocean; E. by the Cordillera de
los Andes, or Mountains of Andes,
which feparate it from the countiy of
Amazonia and Paraeuay; N. by Terra
Firma, from which it is divided by the .
equator j and the « (th degree of S.
latitude feparates it nam Cmli and l<a
Plata
• 8. 30.
P fc R ■''
FlatR on the S. It lie« between <omd
ti W. long, and it fubdivided into the
provinces of Quito, Lima, and Lot)
Charcot. The chief townt are Quito,
Payta, Lima, Cufco, Potoii, and Porco.
Frorn the fituation of thit country,
which is within the torrid cone, it it
natural to iiippofe that it would be
almoft uninhabitable {' but the Andes
Mountains being on the one fnle, and
the South Sea on the other, it it not fo
hot at tropical councriet in general are}
and in feme parts it it difagreeably cold.
In one part, are mountains of a ftupen*
dous height and magnitude, having
tiieir fummits covered with fiiow} on
the other, volcanoes flaming within,
while their fummits, chafms and aper-
tures are involved in ice. The plains
are temperate the beaches and vsUies
hot ; and laftly, according to the dilpo-
fition of the coimtry, its high or low fi-
tuation, we Bnd all the variety of grada-
tions of temperature between the two
extremes of heat and cold. It is re-
markable, that in feme places it never
rains, which defeft it fupplied by a dew
that falls every night, and fuflSciently
refreflie$ the vegetable creation ; but in
'Quito they have prodigious rains, attend-
ed by' dreadful Itorms of thunder and
-lightning. In the inland parts of Peru,
ami by the banks of the rivers, the foil
itt ufually very fertile; but along the
feacoaft, it is a barren fand. Vaft
'numbers of cattle were imported by the
Spaniards into Peru, when they took
poiTcflion of that country ; thefe are
row fo increafed, that they run wild
and are hunted like game. This coun-
try produces fruits peculiar to the cli-
mate and m.oft cf thofe in Europe. The
culture of maize, of pimento and of cot-
ton, which was found eftabliflied there,
-has not been neglefled; and that of
wheat, barley, catfava, potatoes, fugar,
and of the olive and vine is attended to.
The goat has thriven very well ; hut
the fheep have degenerated, and their
wool is become extremtly coarle. In
the northern parts of Peru are feveral
gold mines ; but thofe of filvtr are
tbund all over the country, particulnriy
in the neighbourhood ot Potofi. Na-
ture never afforded to the avJdity of
mankind, in any country on the g'obe,
fuch rich m^nes as thofe of Pctofi.
Thefe tamoi s mines were accidentally
<difcovered ii; the year 1545, in tins
PER
'4^
manner t An Indian, named Hnalm,
one day following fome deer, yHfiftOk
made dircAly up the hill of Potofi, ctine
to a ftecp craggy part of the liilla and
the better to enable him to climb tip^
laid hold of a flirub, which came w b|^
the roots, and laid open a mafa of nlvcr
ore. He for feme time kept it a fecnt>
but afterwaitl revealed it to bit- friend
Guanca, who, becaufe he would not
difcover to him the method of refinii^
it, acquainted the Spniard hit mafta-»
named Valaroel, with the difcovery.
Valaroel regiftered the mine in 1545}
and from that time till i63Sthefe mine*
of Potofi hadyielded 39 j,6i9,ooo pieces
of eight, which is about 4,«55,ooo
pieces a year. Potofi is about so or af
leaguet from the city v ; La Plata.
The hill, and alfo the cotintry for A
confiderable diftance round, U quite bari'
ren and defart, and producea neither
tree, plant nor herb, fo that the inhabi-
tantt of Potofi, which it fitoated at ti^
foot of the hill, on the fouth fide, are
obliged to procure all the neceflhriet of
life from Peru. Thefe minet begin to
decreafe, and othert rife in reputation*
It is impdfible to afcertain with any de-
gree ot precifion the number of mha.
bitants in Peru. The city oil: Lima it
faid to contain 34*000 ; Guagaquill,
30,000 { Potofi, 25,000 } LaPas, %o,ooo;
and Cuico, %6,ooo. Among all the in-
habitants of Peru, pride and Taainefs are
faid to be the inoft predominant paflTiont.
Avarice may likewife be attributed to
fume of them with a great deal of pro«
priety. There is very little commerce
in this fine country, except in the cities
and large towns, which are defcribed
under their refpe£tive names. The
chief manufactures are carried on by
the Indians; thefe confitt chiefly of
leather, woolkn and cotton (luffs, and
earthen ware ; in the fabrication at
which, they are laid to be peculiarly in-
genious. The Indians and Negroes are
ibr bidden, under th<t: fevered penalties,
to intermarry ; for divifion between
thefe two dalles, is the greatefi inftru-
ment, in which the Spaniards truft for
the prefervation of the colonies. Pern
is governtd by a viceroy, who is abfo«
lute; but it being impoilible tor him to
fuperintend the whole extent of his
government, he delegates a part of his
authority to the feveral audiences and
courts, eftabliOied at different places
throughout
f))«pi|9|o«| ki*^ tfmvffk*^ At I4mt
mf^w,« tr«n4'Mry court for reeeiving a
fi^ft,<^ Ui(HPte(!il* kirid certein taiwt paid
W t^, liKUfUH, wAioh Mong to th«
Kwg 9f ^pain, Tbcv0 are certain wa.
^rs■i9*h^ $oqntry, which in their courft
^ani;ima(Me) aiiidtountatn^ of liquid
IDMtfTt 99M f«jf!lKy> mfeinbiiag pitch
tmi l«ri and ju4<d by Team«m Yor the
<iuvie Mrpole^ On the coa(t of Gua-
faquiU and <jiu»tiniala are found a cer.
tain fp^cifa laf rnails, which yield the
(HVfii* dye f« celebrated by the an-
fifipts« mi which^ the modema luve
iMppffffd to h3v« be«Hi loft. The fitell
that e«kt«ip)# them i$ fixed to rooks.
Weltered hy the l«s» It i$ ef the fize of
^'large nut. Varioua methods are ufed
t» «xtra^ th> purple matter from the
miiMiii There is no colour that can be
jeoaapareti $p tbi«» either in luftre or pei%.
fnancnce. Hev9 is alfo found a new liib-
iUMCt ««l«od thePlatina.^nd which may
bp confidereilaa an,figitb metal. In its
iiativa ftalt it ie n»uced with gold nnd
iron* «id this lutfirft gave rile to a fuf-
jpicioi) that it wa« nothing more than a
jwrnbinativn of thefetwo metals ; but
J«le eJipiitfimeijts of chymlfts fully
ftvw* that at 41 a pure a»d limple me>
.t*I, with i^roperties peculiar toitfelf. It
MtBot be am:6tod by any fimple acid,
^> by ^ny known ^IveAt, except the
«iiua regia ) it will not tarniih in the
«ir, neither will it ruft j it unites to the
fixedae^ of goid, and to the property it
Ina of not being furceptibie ef deftruc-
^toot a hardnefs almoft equal to that of
iron, ind a much greater difficulty qf
£iik«v. It is of an intermediate colour,
'Iwtwfen that of ii-on and filver; it can
be/orged and extended into thin plates;
mkI when diflfolved in aqua regia, it
inay he made to aflume, by precipita-
Hkm* an infinite diveriity of colours;
and Count Milby has fucceeded in va •
^ing thcfe precipitates fo much, that
Jtc bat t pioure painted, in the colour,
ing of which there is fcarce any thing
.btit platina made ufe of. Upon the
whole, from confidering the advanta-
ges of the platina, we cannot but con-
clude that this metal cieferves, at lealV,
-fiotn its fuperiority to all othcra, to
ifliare the title of king of metals, of
which pold has fo" lonp been in paffl-f-
"Con* The Peruvian bark, fo famous at
pref>mt for curing intermittent fevers,
M lii^ewiie fvunJ here .1 he tree from
PIT
which It is take* gr«ws vpaii ttif il«p9
of nnountaiiMi, and is about the.fixeof
a cemmon cherry tree. It ii di||4n-
ffoiflied into three kinds ;. the red, yci*
low* and the white; but th« !*«(( if
found to be the beft and moft e(n(aciot|s.
The Jefuits carried thie haf k to Rpmc
as early as 1 6)91 hut the native* are
fuppofcd to have been acquainte<l with its
medicinal qualities i«any ages bcleie.
Pbrvvian*, tlie alKwiginal inhabits
ants of Peru, is S. America, wjto were
the moft civiliacd of a«y Indiana m i\»
continent.
P&taovel, a territory of 8. Ameri*
cs, in Brafil, bounded N. hy Dele } £.
by the S^ Atlantic Ocean; S. by the
captainfliip of Rio Grande; and W. by
Tupuy. It contains mines of filver.
PsT APA, one of tlie pieaianteft towns
ef Guatimala, in New-Spain. It is fi.
tuated at the wellem extremity of the
valley of Mexico, « 5 niiles S. £. of Gua»
timafa. There is a rich iugar planta-
tion in its vicinity. , n \
Petawontakas, an Indian nation
formerly in alliance with the Hurons.
PfiTKR's Ba/ti, St. a large filhing
ground off. the 8. end of Newfoundland
Ifiand, ami extends tVom Cape Race to
St. Peter's Iflancl,oppofitePlacentia, St.
Mary and TrepalTy Bays. It is i| de-
grees of latitude m breadth on the W,
fide. From St. Peter's Ifland it de-
creaf^s A9 it approaches Race Point. It
lies W. of the Great Rank, and has on
the S. at a confiderable dlftance, Green
&nd Whale Banks , which ai-c among tlie
fmalleft on the coaft. It has from 45 to
30 fathoms water on it.
Peter's Bay, St. on the 8. coaft of
Cape Bicum Ifland, having St, Peter's
Ifland at its mouth.
Peter's fert, St. on the I/land of
Martinico, in the Weft- Indies. N. lat,
14. 4,4. W. long. 6t. IT.
Petkr's Harbour, St. on the N. coaft
of the ifland of St. John's, in the Gulf
of St. Lawrence, about 8 leagues W. of
Eaft Point. Wert of it are Anguille
Bay and Port Chimene.
PfiTER'8.///Tw«, 5/. on the E. coaft
of Labrador, lies round the S. E point qf
Sadel Bay. N. lat. 56. 30. W. long.
60. 42.
Peter's 7//a«</, a fmall i(le on the
W. coalt «f bt. John's Ifland, near to,
and N. hy W. of,' Governor's Ifland,
in vlii: Ran'0vvc(t {urt of lly; Strait bo-
lwe«n
tWcM NMr-BhorfWIiek Md 8h Jbbn*i
. TUttr't l/laMiSti ^St. Pitrrt\ on
lilfr AMhern «i«A(l df Ncwfbtindland
illaiMly Ui^ 8. ft; iVi tof the S. E. point
tJ^^WniM &iy< Mndntor to» and S. E.
af« the S. point oF Mlqfnieien Iflaitd. N.
Mfi 46i 46. W. lonjg. $6f. 17.
in ^'he WcA>Indteii, ikjMfidiait bn Vir-
gilt 06ida. •^ '' ■
PetbrVj 5f. a hiirWhrat tht W.
tnd of ^dney or Cape Breton Ifland, is
a vitry tonimodbus place for carrying dn
the filieiy.
Peter'*, St a totmi at »he fmuhem
eilttrcffiity of Cape Breton Ifland. It
ftands on an ifthmus about half a mile
l>road, which feparatet the harbour of
6t. Peter from the great lake of that
name, alfo cafTed Lake Labrador. It
is about le miles N. E. of Point Toui.
loufe. To this harbour velTelfr of the
E"<ateft Inirdeii can come with fafety.
efore the American revolution, a great
filhery was Carried on here.
PsTSR, Lake St. a part of St Law-
rince river j into which empty from the
5. and E. Sorel river front Lake Ckdrti-
iiiaif), the river Bt. Francis, and fome
tinallcr rivers, from the N. W. The
Mafiiitinongr, Ortiachis, Sec. enter the
bite. The centre of the l^ke is 6g
fiiles above Quebec^ and X05 N. E. of
Kingfton, at the mouth of Lake Ontario.
Pst^R's Mountamt in Pennfylvania,
lies on Sui(|nehannah rhrer, between Hali>
fax and Harrifbui-g,, in Dauphin Co..
Peter*s, St. a river on thecoaft of
Labrador, about 4 leagues from the
tfland of Belliilc, in the Ih-aits of that
name.
Peter; St. and S/. Paul^ a river at
the bottom of the gulf of Campeachy.
Its branches fprm.an iflind, called Ta-
bafco. The bar at the mouth of the
saflei'ft branch admits fmall veflels.. At
flood there is from i.\ to 3 fathoms wa-
tvr, ; nd ve.-y gdc ' anchorage within the
bar.
Peter's, St. a pariihof 9. Carolina,
in Beanfbrt diftrifr.
PETER's^ St. one of the N. weftem
branches of MilH(ip{M river, which it
Joins in lat. abnnt 45. 6^ N. and long,
94. iir. W.-**«j^r., B. For other places
•amed Peter or Peter's. See Pietre.
PSTERS, a totvnOiip df Fnuikiin co.
ftaaSyXtnTAi..
PfeTlRioROt^oH, ft peft^towa )i
ntlliborough cb. NcW^Hiuh^Pttttr/ R
vatincorpomteif in i^dj aMl^o6|R{Mlltk
Wt ihhabitafltii It ia 79«iHe8<W: Ij
8/ot ri^.-f-^nithi it v^CfUHy of Art-
herft, I ft IB. 01 Keen«t and ^9V fi^
Phihtddphia. lf^^>t^ .ti. 5V. W. l^;
PBT^RSBimot, a to^•nfh{p of New.
York, in |lMifl^1aer cd. tt. of the vil-
lage of Trojr, }n«d>ybniHs.i in iM). Iik
1796 there-wefe yi» of-thei«ihabit<nti
qualified eitSloi's.
PiiTERsAuRc, ■ poft^townof Penn-
fyivania» in York eo. i mile* north of
the Maryland line. If contains a Roittaft
Catholic church, and- about 18 houfes.
It is 25 miles fouth-wefl of York^
To»vn, 59 northerly of the Fedeial Glty»
and X 1 3 weft by fiwth of Philadeipbla;.
N. lat. J9. 4*. 30'. W. long. 77.4.
Pp.TERSBtJRO, a'fbndl townof K«lu
tucky, fituated in Woodford co. on iH*-
E. fide of Kentucky river, »9 milt* W,
S.W. of Lexington," and isronth-foutti.
eaft of Frankfort. It has a tobafcco
watchoule, and a few dwelling-houfts.
PETEftSEtTRG, 7t poft tO>Vrt of Vir,
ginia, and a place of confiderahle ti-ade j
ntuated in Dinwiddie co. on the foutlu
eaft bank of Appamato* river, juft fje.-
low the falls, about 25 miles Ibuth 0^
Richmond. It contains about 306 honfe^^
built irregularly. The Free Mafon""*
Hall is a handfome building; there ire
fevcral tobacco vvarehonfts, (lores of
dry goods, and fome few neat and corw-
modioiis dwclling-hflulrs^ This town \i
a corporntion, and comprehends tlte vil-
lage of- Bl:indford, in Prince George's
cp. and Powhatan in Chefterfield coi
on the oppofite fide of the river. Tt
contains 2,^28 inhabitants, including,
iii65 (laves. The fituatiort of the towii
is low and rather unhealthy. Ffdni tlie'
infpeftbr's books it appears, that on an
average for the laft 10 years, the quan-
tity of tobacco rfceiwed here has con-
fidi^rably exceeded ao,ooo hhds, per
annum) and for tlip hft three years tha^
quantity of (lour made In this town and
>*ithi': an hundred yards of it, has ex-,
ceeded 38,000 barrels; at othef mill*'
vvlthin a ^w miles, lO^oOo bairels pec
annum; to this add the lour nlade at
the fcveral country mill-^j, and brought?
to this place foi* (ale, the whole quan-
tity may (affcly bi* la^ed to exceed'
. 6o,ocia bartcl* per aimuift. The wliolS*
exports^
4?o PET
export* of thti town, valued at the iifiial
peace piiceS} amount to i>389,3oo dolls,
befidcs the vaiu j of peach aiid apple
brandiTy mbiOaejft tec. not included.
The Indian prinoefs* Pocahontas, the
daughter of king Powhatan, from whom
ddcended the Randolph and Bowling
fiimilies, formerly refided at this place.
It is 80 miles W. by N. of Noifolk,
159* S. by W. of AlexanJriai and 303
fouth -welt by fouth of Philadelphia. N.
lat. 37. 14. W. long. 78. 8.
Petersburg, a very ftouW ' 'ng
poll wn of Oeorgii, in F ISei"* t • ' 'i
a pleasant and healthful 1. .jation, ca tu,
point of bnd formed by the con '^ucittc '
of Broad with Savannah river, ueven.
refpe^lable merchants are fettled in this
town. It is 1 5 miles from Elbcrton, ao
N. by E. of Wafiungton, 50 above Au-
;u(la, 7}N. ofLouifviiie, and 836 from
hiiadtlphia. N. lat. 33. 46. W. long.
ti. 3«.
Petersham, a flourifhing and pica-
£mt townfliip.in Worceder co. Maflk-
chufettSy formerly called by the Indians
Nicbrwaug ; fitaated 28 miles N. W.
of Worcefter, and 6^ W. of Bofton.
Swift river, a branch of Chickopee river,
pafles through this town. The foil is
rich and fertile, and here are large and
excellent orchards.
Petit Anse, a village on the north
fide of the ifland of St. Domingo, a|
leaeiies fbuth of Cape Francois.
FETitcodiak, a river which fells
into an arm of the Bay of Fundy, called
ChegneAo Channel. The Indians have
% communication from the head of it
with St. John's ri \.r, by a portage a-
crofs to the head of Kennebecfms.
P E tit- G o u F R E , or the Little Whirl-
feotf inMifllHppi river, is 31 miles from
Fort Rolalie, and 4 miles from Bayouk
Pierre, or Stony river.
Petit Guaves, or Goave, a jurif-
^ftion, town, and bay, on the N. coaft of
die S. peninfulaof the ifbnd of St. Domin-
go, and near the head of the Bay or Bite
vf Leogane. The juiifdiAion contains
S parifties, and is the unhealthieft place
in the colony, the inhabitants being con-
Ihntiy liibje^ to fevers, occafioned by
the badnel's of the waters. Its depen-,
dencies, however, are healthy, and are
xemarkable for the culture of coffee.
Its exports from January i, 1789, to De-
cember 3 1 , of the fame year, were 27,090
lb. white fugar — 6j5fi87 lb« brown
PE Y
fugar— 807,865 lb. coffM— 50*053 lb.
cotton, and aio lb. Indigo. The value
of duties on cxpcrtation of the ahove,
was 4, 1 S7 dollars 97 cents. Tht town
lies on the E. fide of the bay, \i leagues
weftward of Grand Guave, and 14^ W.
by S. of Poit-au Prince. N. lat. 18.
17. W. long, from Paris, 75. 14. Some
wri^e: <^ cull the great bay, which is com-
mcniy called the Bay, Bight, or Bite of
Ltogane, by the name of Petit Guaves.
PETr''PoRT,onthe W. fide of New.
fov> '.ian Ifland, towards the S. enJ|
' cii^ ;i{ leagu'-s N. of '^ape Ray,
svA on*: a. of Anguille Cape. N. lat.
•u: . '-I. 30. W. long. 59. 1 5.
i'fiiT Port, on the coaft of Peru,
o*hei*w.K Med Portele, or Little Port,
lies a fliort w. y northward of the equator,
and about 5 leagues to the S. E. within
the bay|from Cape Fran(;ois to Cape Paf.
fado on the S. by W. There is anchor*
age in 5 fathoms, and plenty of fre(h
water near the head land, which is high.
It is neceffary to found, on account of
the fand-banks, called the Portetes. ,'
Petit Terrk IJland, near Defeada,
in the Weft-Indies. N. lat. 16. 14.
W. long. 61. II.
Petite Rive re, a fmall town in
the French iiart of the ifland of St. Do-
mingo, dole to theSpanifli divifion line,
1^ leagues N. by N. W. of Varettes,
and feparated from it by the river Arti-
bonitc} 10 leagues IS. by N. of St.
Marc, and as hv si, W. of Mirebalais.
Nk lat. 19. 8. W. long, from Paris,
74. 48.
Petit Trou, Is on the north fide of
the fuuth peninfula of the ifland ef St.
Domingo, on the point of land , which
forms the eaft fide of the entrance into
the Bay of Baradaires } 4^ leagues weft-
ward of Anfe a Veau, and 19 eaflerly of
Jeremie.
Petit Trot;, a fmall cove on the
fouth fide of the ifland of St. Domingo,
S. by W. of the mouth of Neybc river,
and about 5 leagues N. E. of Beate Ifl-
and. Small barks come to this place
from St. Domingo city, to fetch the
meat, lard, and fowls derived from the
chafe.
PETT<iyOTTiNO, a river of the N.
W. Territory, which empties into
Lake Erie, from the fouth, near Huron
river.
Peyton SB VRC, the chief town of
Halifax co. Virginia, having a court-
houfc
PHILADELr
ly cultivated co
edW. byD .aw
gotneryi N. f"
which frparatu ' '
8. and S. E.
k^/^
houfe and 5 or 6 other houfes, three of
wblcti art ordinaries or taverns.
Philadklphia, a townlhip in Rut-
land co.Vermorr, about 15 milfy E. of
Orwell. It CO .tins 39 inhahitnnts.
., a populous^nd hi^h-
Firv.aylvania, boun''
j-eco. N, W. by Mont-
by Poquafiu Cre°.k,
'tfrom "^'Uck's co. avd
/ the river Delaware,
w'Mch d'videt it from the Sute of Nev
Jciiey. Itcontai.is ab^v;t 89>o^acic;»,
and is divided into is townlhips. On
the banks of Schuylkill, in chis -.ounty,
IS an excellent quarry of marble^ from
which th? ttonc-cutters of Philadelphia
are I'upplied. It contains, beiides Phila-
delphia, its capiraS tifiy inhabitanta,
if whom 1 14 are llavefi.
Philadelphia, the metropolis of
Pennfylvania, and ihe prefent feat of
the government of the United States, is
fituated in the county to which it gives
name, on the wedern bank of the river
Delaware, which is here a mile broad.
It lies in lat. «<). 56. 54 . N. and long. 75.
8. 45. W. fum London; diftant about
120 miles from the Atlantic Ocean, by
thecourfeofthebay and river, and a-
bout 5 5 or 60 in the fouth-eaftwsutd direc-
tion. A 74 gun (hip can come up to
this city } floops go 3 5 miles farther to
Trenton ; and boats tliat carry 8 or 9
tons can go 100 miles farther vp the
Delaware. It was laid out by William
Penn, the firft proprietary and founder
of the province, in the year 1683, and
fettled by a colony worn England,
which arrived from that and the preced-
ing years, add was increafed by a con-
ftant and regular influx of foreigners,
to fo great a degree, that in lefs than
a century, and within the lifetime of
the iirll perfon bom within it of Euro-
pean parents, it was computed to con-
tain 6,000 houfes, and 40,000 inhabi-
tants, in the city and fuburbs. The
ground plot (^ the city is an oblong
£iuare, aboitt one mile N. and S. and
two E. and W. lying in the narrowed
part of the ifthmus between the Dela-
ware and Schuylkill rivers, about 5
miles in a right line above- their conflu-
ence. In the beginning of thi« fettle-
ment, it was expt:<^ed that tlie fronts
on both rivers would be" firft improved
tor the convenience of trade and navi-
gation, 9Qd that the buildings would
PHI 4ji
extend gradually in the rear of each*
until they would meet and form <we
towD, extending from E. to W. But
it WIS foon found that the Delaware
froni' was 'Aatr: fuflicient for quays and
Irndii.ij-pla.cs. The buildmgs now
occupy a ipace not cxceedmg 3 miles
mlensth from N. S. and in the meft
extended part do a^i reach a mile from
the Delaware. The city is interfered
by a grc-t mimber of ftreets, croflii^
each other at right angles. Of tliefc
there were oiiginally 9, wliich extaid-
ed from the Delaware to the Schuylkill j
thefe were crofled by 13, ninning N.
and S. TheE. and W. Greets, except
High-flreet, aie named after the trees
firft found bj' the colony on their arri-
val in the country, viz. Vine, Saflafras*
Mulberry, ClicliHit, Walnut, SprtKe,
Pine, and Cedar} which laft is the
foutliem boundary of the city. The
ftreets running N. and S. receive their
names fi-om their numerical order, be-
gjinning at Delaware river ) Front it
Firflt then Second, and foon to ThirtieitA
ftreet,- whence the numerical order
ceaftis from Delaware front, and begint
at Schuylkill in the fame order, as Firfl*
Second, &c. to the Eight-ftreet, between
which and Thirteenth- ftieet, is Broad"
ftreet, fo named from its being the
wideil in the city. The ntnnber «f
fquares in the original plan was 184J
but asfeveral ofthe fquareshave 'atd^
been interfefled by new ftreets, tlieir
number now amount« to 304 ; and &*■
veral of thefe are again interie£ted \3j
lanes and all^s. Broad-ftreet is tif
feet wide; High-ftreet too; Mulbeny*
60 ; and the other ftreets in the originid
plan 50 feet wride. Moft of the city it
well paved with neatiVotpathtof brick,
furniftied with common fewers and gut-
ters i fo that the ftteett are, in genera)*
kept very clean and neat. BeHdes the
ftreets already mentioned, there are
feveral others not laid down in tlie
original plan, as Water, Dock, Clieny*
Penn, Prune, fifc. Water-ftreet it m\f
%o feet wide, and extends fixnn tiie
Northern Liberties acrofs the Dock^ M
Pine- ftreet, parallel to the courfe of tfce
Delaware, and between it and front-
ftreet. The fpace occupied by it was
intended in the original plan to lenre
only as a cart- way to accommodate tbe
wharves and ftores, fo that the river
Ihould be open to the view , from Front-
fixeet.
♦t»
l»HI
It {« now built with 1<ifty faottfei
fwccfit ■ very f«w vacanciei here and
iWe) throaghout tlie whole* front, and
•OMMMdiotM wiMrves artr rxi«nded into
the river, at which the larg^eft (hip*
lb«tif(e the port caii lie in Tafetyt to
leceive and dilicharge their cargoes }
and are ileftndcd from the ice, in win-
ter, by the piers, made of logs, extend-
ins into the river, fniik. with ftone, and
micd with earth. To as to be equally
Arm with the main iami. Dock-ftreet
was fbrnnerly a fwamp, with a fmall
ilream running throdgh the middle of
it. It is Aom 90 to 100 t'cct wide, and
winds north weftward in a terpentine
track, through feveral ftreets. . It is
Slanted on each fule with a row of
.ombardy poplars, and promifes to be
oneof the pleitranttft ih'eets in the city.
No lei's than 66i lumps of two branches
each, difpoled at convenient diftances,
in nil parts of the city, are lighted every
iright, and are edimated to conliime
annually, nearly 9,000 gallons of oil.
The honfes in the city and fuburbs, are
generally of bi-ick, three (lories high,
in n plain neat ftyie, without much dif-
p!ay of ornament. The general height
ofthe ground on which the city ftands,
ts nearly 40 feet above the Delaware ;
hut (bme of the ih'eets are confiderably
lower, particularly Water ftreet ; feve-
ral ftores in which have fometimes re-
vived much damage when the river
ttappcne(' to be raifed by a high flood,
and a (trong fouth-eaftwind. Here are
47 places ot public worihip, viz. 5 for
FriL-nds or Quakers, 6 for the Preibyte-
rlans and Sccedcrs, 3 forEpilcopalians,
J for Roman Catholics, a for Germ?.ii
Lutherans, t for Mcthodifts, 1 for Ger-
man Calvinilis, 1 for Swediih Lutherans,
Tvhich Is the oldeft church in town, j
for the Moravians, 1 for Baptlfts, i for
All kcans, ai.^ a Jewilh fynagogue. The
iirrt Preibyterian church is iinilhed with
ft degree of elegance that would do
honour to any city in Europe. The
roof is iiipported in front by fix pillars,
^nifned in the Corinthian order ; but
OS it (lands in an okfcurc place, on
the fouth (ide of Market-llreet, it is
fecn to difadvantage. The German
Lutheran church, which was built not
many ytars fmce, was unfortunately
bui nt in the winter of 1 795. The new
building, now nearly finiOied, is 108
feet by 4 S J and when completed will
bt one of the handlbmeft chnrrhct Itf
the United States. Mr. D. Tanehernr,
a member of the Society of the United
Brethren, at Letia, a man of cxtraonli*
nary mechanical genius, comuleted and
ercaed • large organ fo*- this church,
but it received much injury when th<
roof and infide of the budding were
confumcd, before the pipes conld be dif-
engaged. Chrtft Church (lands on the
weft (idle of Second- ftreet, between
High and Mulbei'17 ftreets. It is an
old Gothic ftruAure, and is ornameneed
with a handfome fl«eple, and fuinidied
with a chime of bells. The fecond
Preibyterian church, at tlie corner of
Mulberry and Third ftreets, is alfo
ornamented with a handfome fteep'e.
The Epifcopalian churches are i'ur-
niflu'd each with an organ, as are the
German, and two of the Roman Ca- ,
tholic churches. The African church
is a large, neat building. It ia fun.
plied with a negro clergyman, wno
has been lately ordained by the hifliop.
They are of the Epifcopalian order.
The other public buildings are, a State-
houfeand o(Iices,two city court- houfes,
a county court- houfe, an univeriity, the
philofophical fuciety's hall, a public li-
brary, an hofpital, difpeni'ary, an alml-
hcule, a gaol, three incorporated banks,
two dramatic theatres, a medical thea-
tre, a laboratory, an amphitheatre, 3
brick market houCes, and one which is
to be erefted in Front-ftreet, in the
Northern Liberties, a fi(h market, a
houfe of correal ion, and a powder ma<-
gazine which contains often upwards of
50,000 quarter ca(ks of gun-poWder.
The ftate houTe ftands on the* S. fide
of Chefnut-ftreet, between Fifth and
Sixth ftreets, and was ere6led about thi
year 1753 ; and conltdering the infancy
of the colony, the architeaure is much
admired. 71)6 ftate-houfe garden oc-
cupies a whole fquare } it is a fmnll
neat place, ornamented with' feveral
rows of trees and gravel walks, and
incloled by a high brick wall on thn-^
(ides, and the ftate-houfe, &c. on thi
other. Pottersiield, formerly a public
burying ground, is now converted into
a public walk, and planted with rows
of Lombardy poplars on each fide<
When the trees are grown, and the
ground levelled, it will be one of the
moft pleafant proYnenadcs in the Vici-
nity^ The legiftature of the United
Statea
Chfirrhc* ti
Tanvheriert
th* United
ofcxtraonlU
mulcted ind
thu churcli,
ry when tht
jildine wert
onldhe dif*
andt on the
et, between
It U an
oiTiamenecd
ind fuininied
The fecond
te corner of
lets, is alfo
fotne fteeple.
let are t'ur<
as are the
Roman Ca-
Frican choich
It ia Ibp.
gyman, who
y the hiftiop.
palian order.
8 are, a State-
court- houfes,
Jtiiverfity, the
I, a public li.
ary, an almf-
loratetl banks,
medical thea-
iphitheatre, 3
one D»hich is
Ireet, in the
(h market, a
I powder m*.
en upwards of
gun- powder,
n the* 8. fide
en Fifth and
Eled about thi
g the infancy
nure is much
fe garden oc-
it is a fmnll
with' feveral
1 walks, and
wall on thrr^
!, Sec. on thi
iferiy a public
onverteu into
ed with rows
m eacli fide,
wn, and th«
e one of the
I in the vitl-
)f the United
States
? H I
JMatn hold their fcflions in tn elegant
biiildii^in the N. W. comer of the
flate hmife yard. In the N. E. corner
of the yard, adjoining the lefit wing of
Mm llate-houfej is the town-hall or
new oourt-hou(e{ S. of which ii the
fhilolbphical hall. Here Mr. Peal
phibfophicil fociety.' It id the- iargell
coileAion of natural curiofities that is to
be found in America . Irl i t are 400 ipe-
cies of biixls, fome living animals, iec,
Oppofite the Philofophical hall is the
Pniladelphia libhiryt thefe add much
to the beauty and grandeur of the
fijuare. The Philadelphia library ori.
^mated with Dr. Franklin, and was in-
corporated in ■74t« fmce which time
the colle£lidn of books lias beeh greatly
augmented. At prefent, it contains up-
wards of 1 1,000 volumes, befides a mu-
feum and a i'aluable philolophical ap-
}>aratu>. It is dpen ever' day in the
week, except Sunday ; ajid any perfon
who has an inclination or tufte tor read-
ing may here indulge or improve either
io great advantage: The library is fur-
nilhed with tables aiid Teats; andaftran-
!|er, without any introdudlion, may call
or any book lie wantt, arid lit down
luid perufe it as long aft he pleafe«l.
Thole who piefer theii* chambers to
read in, may receive books but of the
library, by leaving a depofiC, aft feturity
for the return ot them, and paying a
moderate fum for the ut'e of them. The
proprietors amouiit to feveral hundreds,
and each liibicriber pays ten (hillings
annually, for defraying expences and
jnaking new addition^. To the library
18 annexed a rare and valuable colle6^ion
of bookft, the bequell of James Logan,
£fq. to the public: The building be-
longing to the Library Company is re-
markably clegilntj aiid has a fine ap-
^arance. In front of the bti tiding, in
a nich over the door^ is a handfume
ilatue of Dr. Franklin, the donation of
William Bingham, Efq. to the company.
It is of white marble, was executed in
Italy, and is laid to have colt 500I.
The public gaol ftands in the next
fquare', fouth of the ftate-houle yard.
It is a hullow iquare, 1 00 feet in hvnt,
built of (tone, three ftories high. All
the apartments are !>rched with ftone,
as a precaution agaiiift fire; and it is
the largelt, ftrongeft, and neateft build
To the goal is annexed a worii-hod«»
with J .rdft to keep the fcxe* a^rt, and
criminala from the debtort. Thei* aitt
alfo apartments lately added for the A»-
litarv confinement of criminals. Tl^
whole is fecurely incbfied hf ftone walls.
^ The market-houfe, in Hijgb-ftrectf it
keeps his mufeiim, by ptemilflion of the perhaps exceeded by none in the world*
_i.:i-/-_-ur-.i i-_-! ... .. r. .1. I /I IP the abundance, neatneft and variety
of provifions, which are expofed for fale
every Wednefday sind Saturday. Butch-
ers' meat and vegetables may be had
any other day. except Sunday. Jt
extends from F,oDt to Fourth-ftreet*
and is fupported by 360 pillars. The
new theatre in Chefnut-ftrect, near the
itate-houfe, is large and convenient.
It was Uniihed in 179^. Ftirther weft,
is a fpacious building, intended for the
accommodation of the Prefidcnt of the
United States, but is not occupied by
him; bppolite to the new theatre i$
the amphitheatre^ wherein feats of
horftmanfliip are, at certain feafons*
performed with great dexterity, for the
amufcment.of thfc citi;i,^ns. It is a
large commodious building; The unt-
verfity ftands on the weft l^e of Fourth-
ftrett, between High and Mulberry
ftreets; It was formed by the union of
two literary inftitutions, which had pre-
vloully exifted a confiderable time in
Philadelphia, one deilgnated by the
above name ; the other, by that of the
college, academy and charitable fchooli
of Philadelphia. They now conftitute
a very refpedablefeminary. It was in«
corporated in i79i. The philolophi-
cal apparatus^ which was before very
complete, has been lately increafed to
tlie value of feveral hundred pounds.
The funds of the univerlity produce
annually, a revenue of about t,i6sU
The aggregate number of ftudents, in
the Icveial ichools, is, on an average,
about CIO. And the number ufualiy ad-
mitted to degrees in each year, about 25.
The Friends' academy and Young La«
dies* academy, are alio refpe^lable and
uleful eftablimments. The chief litera-
ry and humane focieties nre the Ameri-
can philolophical fociety ; the cc ilege
of phylicians ; the fociety for prontot-
ing political inquiries ; the Pcnnfylva-
nia hofpital; tlie Philadelphia dilpen-
fary ; the Pennfylvania fociety for the
abolition of flavery ; the fociety for alle-
viating the mil'eries of prifons ; the
In; of tift Jiiixl m the United Starts. Pemifylvauia fociety for the eocourage-
* £e ment
4J4 f H I
ment oftmuufiAnrci and ufeful artii
the Philadelphia fociety for the in-
fermatien and afnftaiice of etnigmnti,
ind two other focictiei of the fame
kind { one for the relief of German,
and another for the relief of Irifli emi
gianti I and an humane, an agricultu-
ral* marine, and v.irioui charitable ict'tc-
tie*. Here it a Grand Lodge of Free
and Accepted Malbns, and 8 fuboidi-
itate imlgrt. The Infurance Company
of N. America, lately eftahlifhed here,
ia in high repute, and infure houfei,
goods, kc. againft fire, on very reafon-
able termi. Few cities in the world of
the fame population and riches as Phi-
ladelphia, are better provided with ufe-
ful inftitutions, both public and private.
There are alio a fufficii*nt number of a-
cademies for the Snftni£lion of both fex-
•a. Almoft every religious fociety has
ene or more fchtiols under its immedi-
ate direAion, where children belonging
to the fociety are taught to read and
write, and are fumilhed with books and
ftatioiiary articles. In the city sind fub-
urbs are lo rope- walks which manu-
iiiAure about 800 tons of hemp aunual-
iy— 1} breweries, which are faid to
confume 50,000 bufliels of barley year-
ly— 6 fugar-tioul'es— 7 hair-powder ma-
nufaAohes in and about town— a rum
diftilleries, aixi one redifying(IMlillery
—three card -manufaftorics. The othir
manufa^oiies are, 15 for earthen-ware
—6 for chocolate— 4 for muDard— 3
for cut-nails, and one for patent-nails—
one tor (leel— «ne for aqua-fortis— one
forfal-ammoniac,andglauber-fahs— one
for oil colours— >i 1 for hrtifties- 1 for
buttons— one for Morocco leather, and
one for parchment ; befides gim-ma-
kers, copper-fmiths, hatters, tm plate-
vrorkers, coach-maker8,cabinet- makers,
and a variety of others. The public
mint, at which the national money is
joined, is in this city. The great num-
ber of paper mills in the State enable
the printers to carry on their bufmei's
more extenilvcly than is done in any
other place of America. There are 31
printiiig-ofBces in this city 4 four of
thefe puhlidi each a daily gazette ; two
others publilh ga2ettes twice a week ;
one of theie is in the French language {
beitdes two weekly papers, one of which
is in the German langunge. The
other offices are employed in printing
bouks, pamphlets, ^c. The catalogue
PHI
of books for flilc in this city, contahil
upwaixls of 100 fets of Philadtlphia
editions* befuies a greater variety of
maps and charts than is to be found
any where *\(k in America. The
ftleafure- carriages within tke city and
ih^rties, according to enumeration,
are as follow, via. two wheeled car.
riages, s 5) ) I'ght wagf^ns, lo } coach-
es, t]7( phaetons, is I chariots, 3$)
and coachces, )) ) tl^ whole aanounthig
to 307 four-wheeled carriages. The
roads are good, and becoming better }
Itagc- coaches perform the journey from
this city to Laocatter in s 1 hours, on
the new turnpike road t the diftance is
J 8 miles. This city is governed by a
mayor, recorder, 1 5 aldermen, and 30
common council-men { according to its
prcfent charter, granted in the year 1789.
The mayor, recorder, t aldermen, and
1 6 common council men make a quorum
to tranl'aft bunnefs ) they have full power
to conftitute and oidain laws and ordi-
nances for the governing of the city } the
mayor, recorder, and aldermen ans juf.
tices of the peace, and juftices of- oyer
and terminer. They hold a court four
times a year, to take cognizance ot all
crimes aiul mifdemeanors committed
within the city | two aldermen, appoint-
ed by the mayor and recorder, hold a
court on the forenoon of Monday and
Thurlday of every week, to judge of all
matters which are cognizable before a
juftice of the peace. The trade of
Pennfylvania is principally carried on
from this city, and there are few com-
mercial ports in the world, where fliips
from Philadelphia may not be found la
fomefealbnot the ycM-, The number
of veflels which entered :his port in
1786, was 9 10 { in 1787, 870 } in 1788,
851 } in i793> 1, 4 1 4« of which 477 were
ihips; in 1795, 1,610, viz. fltips, 158}
barks and inows, s6 } brigs, 450 )
fchooners, 506 ) (loops, 480. Clear,
ances, 1,780. It is not mentioned how
many of tfiefe were coalting vefl&ls.
The number of vefli^ls built m 1795,
was 31, of which t% were fliipa and
brigs. In the year 1792, Philadelphia
fliippt-d 4x0,000 bairels of flour and
middlings} in 1794, 300,751. The
value of the exports from the State in
theyear ending September 30, 1791, was
3,436,091 dollars 58 cents { 1791,
3,810,661 dollars; 1793, 6,958,836
doUars} 1794, 6.643,092 dollars; 1795,
>i,5i8,a69
?H1
tiiSit,^6e dollars. The fickneft In th«
autumn of 17031 and the embargo in the
fpring followmfTt interrupted the com-
merce of Philadelphia for nearly five
month*. The txifttng war hat ncca-
fioncd Tome TXtrjordiAary article* in the
exportation of 4ate { coffee, 8tt. hare
been carried to Philadelphia, and from
thence to Hamburg, ai neutral porti.
The environ* of the vity are very plea-
fant, and finely cultivated. In the north-
ward are KenUngton) near the Aihurb*
on De1aware> noted for (hip- building)
Oermantown, a populou*, neat village
with a German churche* | and Frank-
fort, another pretty village, both vvithin
9 milet> befide* many countrv-feat*. In
the fouth i* Derby, a fmall pleafant bo-
rough> about >j mile* diftant ) and, on
SchuylkiH, 4 mile* from the city, the
botanical garden of MeflTr*. Bartram*.
In the weft, on the fame river, 18 acre*
of ground have been lately deftined for
ft public botanical garden. According
to a lift pnblifhed of the birth* and
death* in the fevend religiou* Ibcieties
of Philadelphia, it appears that trom
Auguft I, i79«,to Augtift I, 1793, the
birth* amounted to 1,5 1 1, and the death*
to 1,497. In the year 1793, Philadel-
phia wa* vifited with a I'evere l(;ourge,
the yellow fever, which raged with un-
common violence for above 3 months,
and in that (hort fpace fwept off nearly
5000 inhabitant*. The humane eftbrt*
of a committee of health, appointed by
the citizens, were highly inftrumental
in diminifliing the calamity. A few
weeks after this diforder ceafed to rage,
the trade of the city was reftored in a
manner incredible to any but eye-wit-
nefles. It is an honourable proof of the
humane attention paid to the prifoners
in thi* xrity that of 40(0 .debtors, and
4000 criminals, who were confined in
Philadelphia goal between the z8th of
September, 1 7 So, and the 5th of Septet -
ber, 1790, only /w^/f* died a natuia'
death. In 1 794, there were 9000 houfes
in this city, and 400 which were build-
ing } and the prefent number of inhabi-
tants may beeftimated at abont 55,000.
Philadelphia is 718 miles feuth-weft of
Paflamaquoddy, whicii is the eaAern-
inoft part of the fea-coaft of the United
iitates) 347 fiiuth-weftof Boftnn} an
fouth-welt of Haitford ; 95 fonth-wtft
of New-York J 102 north-eaft of Balti-
more ; 278 iiorth-eafteri^ of Richmond }
PI A
iH
144 nMth-aftrrly of Wafhington** eitv
Mid^t) north -eift by northot SavanMuk
in Georgia. See Ptmtfylvamai for in
account of f'everai other particular* it^
lating to this city.
PHiiir, a large ifland in Lake Su|}f
rior, in the territory of the United Statetk
It lie* toward* the fouth fide of the bke»
and foiith-eaft of file Royal.
PuiLip's, .Vf.aparifh of S. CarolinH»
fituateil in Charleftown diftrift.
Phiup, Su a fort which commands
the entrance of Maranhao harbour,' efn
thecoaftof Brasil.
Philip, <S/. a point within the haf«
bmir of Port-Royalt 8. Carolina.
Philippeau, an ifland on the fiorth
fide of Lake Superior ( N. of IfleRoyal.
Philippeau, a bay on the nortii
(horeof the e^ilf of St. Lawrence, near
the Straits orBeilifle, and partly formeit
by ifland s which project fauthward
on it* eaft part, and extend to^ivard* the
weft. The eaft part of the bay lie* ill
lat.ji. 10. north, and lonvk 55.40. weft.
PHlLippfNA, 9 fmall town of the
f>rovince of Guati^mala, in New-Spaiui
ituatcd on a bay of the N. Pacific O-
ccam N. lat. ti. 50. weft long. $1. 301
Philipsburg, a town of New-Jer^
fey, fituated in SulTcKco. on the eaft
bank of Delaware river, oppofite tt»
Eafton in Pennfylvania. It is 41 milea
northwwcft of Trenton.
PHiLLii^SBUkoH, or PNUpJhtvttt
townlhip of New- York, in Dutchefs co.
on the eaft fide of Hudfon^s river, «8
miles above New- York, near the fouth
end of Tappen Bay. It contain* ^,079
inhabitants^ including «5 flave«» In
1796, there were 347 of the inhabitant*
electors. In this townfhip is a ftlver
mine, which yields virgin Idver.
Phillips' AcadttHf, See And'.'ver
and Exeter,
PuiLOPt^Lis, a fettlement in Luzerne
CO. Pennfylvania, i» or 14 miles weft-
ward x)i Mount Ararat, and at the head
of the weftern branch of Tunkhanock.
Creek, abo\u 45 miles Ibuth-eall of
Athens, or Tioga Point. N. lat. 41.
40. weft long. 75. 33.
PiANKATUNK, a fmall river of Vir-
ginia, which empties eaftward into
Chefapeak Bay, oppofite Gwin's Ifland.
It is navigable 8 miles for fmall craft.
PiANKASHAWs, or Pyanktjhast Ver-
mdltons and Mafcmtinst aie tribes of
Indians in the », W. Territbiy, who
£ c a rcfiJe
4i€ >fe
nfide en the Wabflft and ita brmelits»
4Wid lUinoUaver. Thefe with the Kifk-
t^t$s, M^Mf/«j«ra|i^ Otiiatauonst could
^tgethcr fuitiUh abbu|t tooo watriort,
•o ytun ago.
PiARAi on the coaftof S. America,
.4*>i* ^3 <"'' t^f laagtig fWun Payta, in lat.
f. N. and. i« the firft tpwn c^ any nae.
A liver which \fa(he« it, falls into the
hay of Chirop^ } but as it abounds with
uoals, it it little frequented.
, ViCtftwtr dut empties into Lake Su-
«;;'fpr* in iat. 48. )6. it. and long. $9.
4!i. i. The Grand Portage i>i in lat.
418. 41. 6.
Pic db L^Etoil, le, or Pic dt tAU
m»nSt as it is named in Bougainville's
map, a finsiU high ifland, fliafied like a
fugar-lop.f, lying a little to the north-
ward, and in fight of Aurora lifland }
difcovered by the fore-named navigator
in May 176!.
Pica, a harbour on the coaft of Peru,
ivhere t! !re is high and fteer land;
Sa leagues N. of Lora river, and 5 fouth
-(^f Ta<^paca, or as it is called by Britifli
l^amen, Carapoueba,
PiCARA, a large province of S.Ame-
lica, in New-Granada ; bounded on the
£• by the Andes.
PiCAWBE,IndianTownstntheN.W.
Territory, on Great Miami river, 75
miles fit>m it*s mouth, where it is only
30 yards broad, although navigible for
loaded batteatix 50 miles higher.,
Pi<;KERSGiLL''8Cov/,iswithinChrift-
mas Sound, on the fouth coaft of Terra
del Fuego, at the fuuthem extremity of
S. America.
PiCRErsGiLL's Jjland, is off Cape
Difstppointment, in 8. Georgia, in the
$, Atlantic Occ:in. S. lat. 54. 41. W.
long. 36. 58.
PiCRERSViLLB, the chief town of
Wafhington Diftrift, in S. Carolina.
PiCOLATA, a fort OK the river St.
John, in Ealt-Florida, 27 miles from St.
Auguftiae, and 3 from Pooporc Fort.
PfCOLBT F«tffjr> on the north fide of
the ifland of St Domingo, ferns the
W. bouodaiy of the bay which fets up
to Cape Francois. In time of war,
fkips have often been taken under the
cannon of Picolet.
-PiCO»A, or Pifanat mountains on the
eoaft of Peru, which ferve to dire£l
mariners. They are high hills within
land, ej^iC'Jing about 7 leagues, be-
tween Cuiancbe rivei', and Solango
PIE
Iflandfli andHcibuthwardefth^equt*
tor.
PiCTOV, afmall ifle, river, bay, and
fettlement in the N. B. part of the pro-
vince of Nova-Scotia, and on the iou«
them iide of the Straits of Northtunbo*-
land, at the fouthem iJxtremity of the
Gulf of 8t. Lawrence. The ifland lies
in the narroweft part of the ftrait, a lit-
tle way north-weft of the mouth of the
river of its name \ % miles fouth of Bear
Cove in the ifland of St. John's, and 58
eaiterly of the mouth of Bay Verte.
The bay or harbour of this name fecms
to be of confiderable extent. Eaft river,
which falls into PiAou harbour, fup.
plies the country with coals, from the
mines on its banks } the ftreams of lefs
note which empty into the bav, are St.
Mary's, Antigonifli, Liverpool,Turket,
Mulquideboit, and Siflibou rivers. The
fettlement of Pi£lou is fertile, populous,
and increafing in importance. A good
road is cut. cleared, and bridged to
Halifax, 68 miles diftant fouth by weft.
This fettlement is now called Ttnimutb\
which (ee.
Pi B R c e's Ifland. The main channel
of Pifcataqua river, in New-Hampihire,
lies between Pierce's andSeavey'sIflands;
on each of which batteries oi cannon
were planted, and entrenchments form-
ed in 1775. "^lic ftream here is very
contrafled ; lUe tide rapid j the water
deep, and the fliore bsld and rocky on
eacn fide { fo that in the fevereft winters
the river is never frozen.
PiERE, an ifland in Illinois river,
about 47 miles above the Piorias win«
tering-ground. Aflecbtf or an-ow-ftcne
is obtained by the Indians from a high
hill on the weftem fide of the river, near
the above ifland } with this ftone the
natives makes their gun-flints, and point
their arrows. Above this ifland are
rich and fertile meadows, on the eaftem
fide of the river, and continue feveral
miles.
Pi PR MO NT, a townihip in Grafton
CO. l^Tew-Hampfliire, on the eaft bank
of Connefticut river, 6 mil'*' fouth-
ward of Haverhill, and 5 n v^rd of
Orford. It was incorporatcu m 1764,
and contains 416 inhabitants.
PiBROUAGAMis, an Indian naticn
who inhabit the N. W. banks of X 'V.^
St. John, in Lower Canada.
PiERR E, St. a fmall defert ifland itear
the coaft of Newfeundtendj which it
only
PIG
only fit £ar curing und drying fiflt. N.
lat. 56. »7« W". long. 45. 57. It was
ceded to the French by the peace or
1763.
PiBRRS,f/.the firft town huilt in the
ifland of N^tlnico in the Weft Indies,
fituatcd on a round bay on the weft ccaft
of the ifland* $ leagus fcuth of Fort
lloyal. It is a port of enuy^ the refi-
deoce of oberchants, snjid the centre of
bufinef^. tt has been ^ times burnt
,down> yet it cont .in(t ax prefenr aliout
a.ooo houfeff The aj^chorage ground
it fituated along the iea-fHe on the
iftrand, but Is very unhealthy. Another
port of the town is feparated from
^t by a river, and the houfes are huilt
on . low hill, which is called tlie fort,
froin a fmall fortreiii which defends the
roa'i, which is commodiotis for loading
and unloading ihipi>, and is likewifeeafy
of aecefs ; but in the rainy feafon the
(hipping take (heller at Fort Royal, the
capital of the i^and.
Pie It RE, 5t, a river in Louiiiana,
which empties into the Miflifippi, troni
weft, ib^t 10 miles below the Falls of
$t. Aathony. It pa(r«;s through a moft
delightful c<juntry, abounding with
many of the neceiTaries of lite, which
grow fpotnaneoufly. Wild rice is found
Uere in great abundance, trees bending
under loads of fruits, fuch as plums,
grapes, and apples. The meadows are
covered with nops, and many other
vegetables ; while the ground is ftored
with ufefu! -roots, as angelica, fpike-
nard, and ground-iiuts, as large as nerik'
eggs. On itfl eaft fidct about ^o miles
from its mouth, is a coal-mine. --7i\^.i9.
For other places named PtBRRE, fee
Peter. .> ?
Pig E N, the name of two fbuth-weft-
ei n branches of French B»oad river, in
the State of Tenpefl'eei The mouth of
Little Pigeon is aliout ^^ miles from the
confluence of French Broad with Holf
ton river, and ^bopt 3*below the mouth
of Nolachucky, Big Pigeon falls into
the French Brpad 9 miles above Little
Pigeon river. Thiy both rife in t|ie
Great |ron Mountains.
Pigeon, a hill on Cape Ann, Ma^Ta-
chui'etts. See 4gamenticus.
Pigeon, a fmall iftand, whofe ftfong
fortiHcations command andfecure, fafe
and good anchorage in Port Royal Bay,
in the illaui of Martinico, in the Weft-
ludlesi
p I N m
PiKBLAND, a townfliip In Clieft^r
CO. Pennfylvania.
PiLAYA, a jurifdiaion of La Plata.
S. Atncrica. See Fcjpi^t its moft cwsl^
mon name.
P1LDRA8, St, on the E. (hore of tbt
Oulf of Campeachy, in the Gulf of
Mexico. N. \\t, zi. 4. W. long. 90i» )!•
PiLEa-GROVK, a townfliip in Saiett
CO. New-Jerfey.
PiLGERRUH, or Pilgrim's Rejt, was
a Moiavian fettlennent of Chriftian In-
diansy on the fciteof a forfaken town of
the Oitf wa« ^ on the bank of a river, 4»
miles north-wefteriy of Cayahoga, in
the N, W, Territpry, npar Lake Erie,
and 140 mile> N^ W. of Pitt^urg.
Pilgrim's J^«</, on the S. eaftem
fl>ore of St. Lawrence fiyer, aifd below
the Ifland de Coudires.
Pillar, Ctu>et at the W. end of the
Straits of Magellan, $ leagues N. of Cape
Defeada. S. lat. 51.4s. W.long.76.4Q.
Pilot Mountain, or Araraf,
See 5j<rr)' C0Mi/)p, N. Carolina.
Pi LOTO, or Salinas del filato^ ))Pri|^
craggy rocks on the W. coaft of Mexi-
co, S. E. of Cape Corientes) where
there is good anchorage, and ihclter
from N. W. and W. and S. W. wfods.
There are fait -pits near this plve.
Pilot-Town, in Suffex co. Pda-
ware, lies near the mouth of Cool Spring
Creek, which fiills into Delsjiware Bay,
near Lewfton, and ^ miles N. W. c[
Cape Henlopen.
^^MfiNT, Pur^ a village on the S.
W. poaft of the S. pehinfula, of the
ifland of St. Domingo, 4I leagues N.
W. of L«9 Coteaux, between vHiicb arf
two covef affording anchorage } that
niareit Poteaux, is called A^lea Da-
ma||in. Port Piment it nearly eight
leagues E. byS. of Tibvroni
PiNAp Ifiandt on the coaft of th#
Gulf of Honduras, isfituated off Trio^i-
gilh Bay,
Pin. is Ppintt the eaftem point of
Panama Bay. N. lat. 6. 1 5. W. long.
80. 3Q. 1 he port of this name is on
the fame S. W. coaP of the Ifthmuaof
, Darich, near the point ; iz leajjrues N«
!!y W. ef Port Qui-'manda, and 7 from
Cape Garachina. The coaft, all the way
Ibuthward, to Cape Corientes, abounds
with pine-trees ; hence the name.
Pin CHINA, one ot the Coidilleras in
S. America. M. Bangier found th«
cold of this Koun^a'uij unmediatclyun*
£ e ) der
-«t P 1 N
dtr the equator, to extend from 7 t6% 9
degree* under the freezing point every
morning before fun-rife.
PtNCKNBY, an ifland on the coafl of
South- Carolinsi.
PiNCKNEY, a diArift of the upper
country of S. Carolina, lying W. of
Camden and Cheraw diftriAs 3 fubdivi-
dtd into tite counties of York,Chefter,
Union, and Spartanburgh. It contains
»5,870 white inhabitants ; fends to the
State legiflature, 9 reprefentativss, and
3 fenatoi's ; and in conjunftion with
WaOiington, (ends one member to
Congrels. It was fonmerly part of
Camden andNinetV'Sixdiftnfls. Chief
town, Pinckneyville.
PiNCKNEYvii.LE, a poft-town of S.
Carolina, and capital of the above dif
trift, in Union co. on the S. W. fide of
Broad river, at the mouth of Pacolet.
It contains a handfome cou>'t-houfe, a
gaol, and a few compaA lioufes. It is
75 miles N. VV. of Columbia, 56 from
Lincolntown, in N. Carolina, and 716
ft-om Philadelphia.
Pine, Capt, on the S. coaft of the
Ifland of Newfoundland, is about eight
Icagitca weftward of Cape Race. N.
ht. 46. ifs.W. long. 53. £o.
PiNB Cretkt in Northumberland co.
Pennlylvania, awateroftV*' W. branch
of SuU^uehaimah river. Its mouth is
about I « miles leftward of Lycoming
Creek, and 40 N. W. of the town of
Northumberland.
Ptnes, a fmall ifland on the N. coafl
of Terra Firma, S. America, about 41
leagues p. of Porto Belio, and forms a
good harbour, with two other fmall
iflands, and the main land. N. lat. 9.
i». W. long. 18. 15. The River of
Pines is 5 miles from th>: above named
hatbour, .and 17 eaflerly of Allabrolies
river. Its mouth has 6 feet water, but
within there is 3 fathoms a confiderable
way up.
PiNBS, PituK, or P/fftfj, a fmall un-
inhabited ifland, feparated from the S.
W. part of the ifland of Cuba, in the
Weft-Indies, by a deep ftiait. It is a-
bout *S miles lon^;, and 15 bro^d, and
affords good pafii. rage. It is 6 leagues
from the main, but the channel is im-
paf&ble, by reafbn of fhoaU and rocks,
|i. lat. »i. 30. W. long. 8j. af.
PlHTAKV's Stuttii, on the N. W.
eonft of N. America, fets up in an eaf-
tern (^iit^ion, bar ir.g in it many Ihiall
pro
^flandi. )ti mouth exteiids from Cap*
Scott, on the fouthem fide, in ht. 50. c6«
and h>ng iiS. 57. W. to Poiht Difap.
pointment, in lat. 5a. 5. and long. 148.
50. W. It commnni^tieV' Vlth the
Straits de Fuca | and thus the lands on
both fides of Nootka Sound, from Cape
Scott to Berkeley's Sound, (oppofRe
Ca]>e Flattery, on the eaftemiideof the
Straits de Puca) are called by Capt. Ini
graham. Quadras Iftes,
PiNTCHLVCO RiveTf a large branch
of the Chsita Uche, the upper part of
Appabcbicola river.
PiORiAS Fort and nOage, OU,\n the
N. W. Territory, on the weftem fhore>
of Illinois river, and at the fouthem end
of Illinois Lake; 216 miles from MiflT-
fippi river, and 50 below the Crows
Meadows river. The fummlt on which
the l):ockaded fort Aood, commands a
fine profpeft of the country to the eaft-
ward, and up the lake, to the point
where the river conies in at the north
eod } to the weftwsrd are large mea-
dows. In the lake (which is only a dila»
tationofthe river, 19^ miles in length,
and 3 in breadth) is great plenty of filh,
and in particular, flurgeon and pican-
nau. The country to tlie weffward is
low and very level, and full of fwamps,
Ibme a mile wide, boixl«red with fine
meadows, and in fome places the high
land comes to the river in points, or
narrow necks. Hore is abundance of
chen-y, plum, and other fVuit trees.
The Indians at the treaty of Greenville,
in i795» ceded to the United States a
traft of I % miles fquare at this fort. N.
lat. 40. 53. W. long. 91. 12. 30.
PiORiAS- W'tnterixg Groufid, a traft
of lard in the N. W. Territory, on thet
S. E. fide of Illinois river, about 40
miles above, and N. E. of the Great
Cave, on the MifTifippi, oppofite the
mouth of the Miflburi, and 27 below
the ifland Pierre. About a quarter of a
mile from the river, on the ealtern fide of
it, is a meadow of many miles long;, and
5 or 6 miles broad. In this meadow
are many fmall lakes, communicating
with each other, and by which there
arepaflijges for fmall bouts or canoes;
and one lends to the Illinois river.
PlORiAS, an Imlian nationof the N..
W. Ttrritory, who with the Mitchiga*
inins could fuiniili 300 warriors, 20
ycais ago. They, inhabit near the fet-.
tlenicnts in the Illinois country. A tribe
of
the
!• on
PIS
«f thih Aame inhabit a village oti the
Miflifivpi* a mile above Fort Chatres.
It could Airnifli about the fame period
170 warrior* of the Piorias and Mitch-
igamias. They are idle and debauched.
PlRAVOY> a river of Brazil, S.
America, S. S. E. of Rio Grand, and
Point Negro.
Pisca, a handfome town in the audi-
ence of Lima in Peru, with a good har
hour and I'pacious road. The country
round it is fertile, and it lends to the
neighbouring fettlements quantities of
fruit and wine. It formerly ftood a
quarter of a league fart lier to the ibnth,
but being deftroyed by an earthquake,
in 1 63 1, it was removed to its prelent
£tuation, about halFa mile from thef^a.
It is 140 miles fouth of Lima. S. lat.
14.. W. long. 75. 35.
PisCADORES, or Fi/berst two great
rocks on tlie coaft of Peru, in lat. 16.
4S. loMh, near the broken gap between
Attico and Ocona.
PiSCADOREs, rocks above the town
of Callao, in Peru; 5 leagues N. N. W.
of Callao Port* They are 6 in number ;
the largeft is welt ot the port of Ancoiv
de Rhoilas, and 3 leagues Ibuth-eaft of
Chaucai Port^.
Pjiscata<;^a. See Pafi:4itaqua.
PisCATA(^A Head. See Tark
Coiptij/, Maine.
PiscATAQtiA, the ancient name of
lauds in the Didrict of Maine, i'uppofed
to .comprehend the lands known by the
names of Kittery and Berwick.
PisCATAWAY, a townftiip of N«w-
Jerfey, fituated in Middlefex co. on-
Kariton river, 6 miles from if» muutli.
It has z,t6i inhabitants, Including tii
(laves. It is 5I miles N. E. ot New-
Bi'unfwick, and x^ iouth-w«ft of Eliza-
beth- Town.
PisCATAWAY, a fmaU pprt town of
Prince George's co.. Maryland; frunted
on the creek of its name which runs
wertward intoPatowmnc river, oppofite
Mount Vernon in Virginia, and i4niile8
fouth of the Federal City. J he town
is 16 miles foutli-well' of Upper Marl-
borough, 16 north of Port Tob-Acco,
and 67 S. W. by S. ot Baltimore.
Pir,c:o, a noted harbour on the coaif
of Pern, in the province; of Los Reyes, 6
leagues from the port of Chinca j Lorin
Chinca lying half way between them.
The road is lafe and capacious enougli to
Iwld the navy of France. The town is
PIT 4S^
itahabited by about 300 fainilics, moft of
them niefti:oes,mulattoe«, and negroes |
the whites betng much the f*-, "t >*'un)-
bcr. It has 3 churches, and ,«:1 for
Indians ; lies about half a nuie tram thfl
lea, and it) miles louth of Lima. Th«
ruins of the ancient town of Pifcn are
(till vifible, extending from the iiea fliore
to the New town. It was deftroyed by
an earthquake and inundation on Oft*
19, 1680. Thefea, at that time, re*
tired lialf a league, ind returned with
I'uch fury, that it overflowed alrooll as
much land beyond its Lgunds. S. lat.
13. 36. W. long. >6. 15.
Piss-PoT, a bnyon the (buth ihort
of the ftraits of Ma^llan, in the Lon|{
Reach, 8 leagues W. by N. of Cafe
Notch. S. lat. 53. 14. W. long. 75, is.
PisTOLET, a large bay at the nor-
thern end of Newfoundland, fetting up
from the Straits of Bellifle. Its wei-
tern fide is forme<l by Cape Norman,
and its eaitern point by Burnt Cape) )
leagues apart.
PlTCAiRN's jy7a»^, inthe S. Pacifiic
Ocean, is 6 or 7 miles in length and «
in breadth. It has neither river nor
harbour; but has fome mountains which
may be fcen 15 leagues off to the S. E.
All the S. fide is lined With rocks. S,
lat. 15. a. W. long. 133. ai.Thevari-
ation of the needle off this illa;id, in
1767, was -z; 46. E.
PiTON Point, Greatt theS.W. point
of file ifland of St. Lucia, in the Weft-
Indies, and the molt weilcrly point of
the illand. It is on a kind of a penin-
fula, tlie northern part of which is call-
ed Point Chimatchin.
Pitt, a county of N. Carolina, in
Ncwbern diftri^f, houiuled N. E. by
Beaufort, and S, W. by CJialgow. It
contains 8,175 inhabitimis, incKuiing
2,:?6? (laves. Chief town, Greenville.
Pitt, I art, tiojTneily Fort du ^iuejhe.
See Pitijlmrg.
Pit rs BO ROUGH, or Pitt/lur[f, the
capital of Chatham co. N. Carolina, is
firiiatcd n arifing grouiul, and contains
a comrr-houfe, gaol, and tbout 40 or 50
hollies. The coimtry in its environs is
lieli and well cultivated; ;2nd is much
relbrted to from the maritime parts of
the State in the fickly months. The
Hickory Mountain is not far diftant,
and the air and water here are as puu? as
any in the world. It is «6 miles Ibuch-
wcil of Illiborough, 36 weft of Ra-
£ e 4 Icigh,
44^ PIT
kigh, 54nMth.weftofFmyet^iUe,sad
|e< froik Philadelphia.
FiTTSBUiLO, a poft-townof PAmfyl-
vania, the capital of Alleghany co. fi-
tuatedon ^ beautiful plain ninmnsr to a
point. The Alleghany, which is a oeau-
tifttl clear ftr^am, on the north, and ihb
Matton||abeb, which is a muddy Areatn,
on the louth, uniting below where Fort
idu Quefne ftood» form the majeftic
Ohio} which ia thei'e a quarter of a
ynile wide; i,iS8 miles from its c^^nflu'
. f Dce with the Mifllfippi, and 500 above
Itimeftone, in Kentucky. This town
yras laid out onPenn's plan, in the year
1765, on the eafterii banic oi' the Mo-
noBgahda, about «o^ yards from Fort
4u Quelhe« which wi* t^ken from the
^French, by the Briti(b, in 1760, aiid
mho changed its name to Port Pitt, in
honour ot the late ^ar} of Chatham. It
contains between 1 50 awi aoo houfes, a
gaol) court'houfe, PreA>yterian church,
9 church for German Lutherans, an
academy, two breweries, ;)nd a diftil-
kry. ft has been lately fortt^ed, and a
party of troops Rationed in it. By an
•numeration made Dec. 1795, *' appeal's
that there were' then 1,353 inhabitants
in this borough ; the number has con-
^erably increafed iince. ' The hills on
the Monongaiieia fide are vei-y high,
extend down the Ohio, and abo^md
With coals. Before the revolution, one
of thele coal-hills, it is faid, took fire
and continued burning 8 years; when
it was effeflually extinguii^ed by part
of the hill giving way and filling up the
crater. On the back lide of the town,
from Grant's Hill, (fo calkd from his
army's being here cut to pieces 1/y the
Indians) there is a beautiful profped of
the two rivers, wafting along their fepa
rate dreams till they meet and join at
the point of the town. On every Tide,
hills covered vnith trees, appear tu add
iimplicity and beauty to the fitne. At
the diftance oi 100 mil«s up the A He
ghany is -u linall creek, which, in ibme
places, '■>'[» or bubbles forth, like the
water. >. M!Ga*; ir. N«^w- York State,
from whicii jii\;i' r--'* an f 'ly fubftance,
deemcii by Uic ' • >le of this counti'y,
fuiguiaiiy I.-ene'icif', nnd -r^ inf'aliibk
cure ♦■'. -'akrrti ar >';t. '0 ii.'^ch, ior
rhejt.:?rir r»»r »; fc'. on; 'ret A- in wo-
men, bnf'..'.'v ''.'- "r''< .''' is i^athc-ed
by the eo ■ .ff t c ,>j Je and Indiuns, who
boil it aud brt.v', 1 1 > V't. v. «ig ' . ^ fale j
PtT
»iel there is fcarcely a (iagle Miabitwit
who does not pojQert a bottle of it, ami
is able to recount its many virtues, an4
its many cures. T^he navigation of ths
Ohio, in a dry feafon, is ratlieK 'trouble^
Ibme frotn Pittlbuvg to the M^^o-Tttun,
about 75 miles; Sut frckti thence to the
Mifl'^npi there is slways water enough
i're barged parrying from iod (o aod
iOhf burden, fuch as arc iiled on the
rivejT Thames, bct'werii London and
Oxford, viii. ircm ico tv iii} feet keel,
16 to 18 feet in breadth A feet in depth,
and when loadvnl, drawing '-bout 1 feei
water. During tSiefealbn ofthe floods
inthefpring, velfelsof 100 or iqo tons
burden may go from Pittlburg to the
Tea with fatety. in f6 or 17 days, al-
thougii the distance is upwards of
2,000 mile$. ft is 178 miles W. by Nl
of Carlifle; 303 in the fame dire£lioq
from Philadelphia; 283 N. W. by N,
of Alexandria, in Virgiiiia ; and 445
from Fort Wafhington, in the N. W.
Territory. {J. lat. 43. 31. 44. ^^f',
long. 80. 8.
PiTTSFJELp, a pleafant poft town of
Maflachufetts, fittiated on the weft line
of Berkfliire co. 6 miles N. of Lenox,
38 W. of Northampton, 140W. of Bof-
ton, and 40 N. £■ of Albany, Thi^
townfliip, and thofe N. and S. of it, on
the bank's of Houlatonic river, are id
a rich vale from one to fcven mile;
wide. It was incorporated in X761J
and contains 1,99a inhabitants Th^
place of worfliip is a very handfomd
edifice, with a bell and $iipola, from
which thtre is a charming profpcft.
PiTTSFiELD, a townfliip of New-
Halnplhire, fitiiated in Rockingham co.
It was incorporated in 17H2, ^nd con-
tains 888 inhabitants. It was taken
from CliichelUr, un Suncopk river, N,
E. of C6nCi)r(i. • '
PiTTSFiEtn, Jhc iiorth-eaflernmof^
town(hip of Rutland co. Vermont, conr
raining 49 inhabitants. It hasChittcn>
den rbwiifhip on the S. >¥. and Phila-
delphia j in Adtlifon co. on tW N. W.
PiTTSFORD, a townrtup of Yerniont.
in Rutland co.
• Pitt's Gro've, a village in Sajem co, ,
Nt.v Jeifey.
,'ITTQUOTTING, an Indian fettle-
nent in tjle N. W. Territory, at the
mouth of K;>ron river, which empties
into Lake Erii.
JfiT't'iJfiuttd, m the N..W. coaft of
N.Americaf
r L4
H. AmerLctf lies nnr the main land,
•bout half wa^ from Dixon's Entrance
to Prince William** Sound, and between
Crofs Sound and Port Banks,
PiTTSTOWN, a poft town of the Dif-
.triA of Mainci fituated in Lincoln co.
on Kennebeck rivei'i 5 miles below Hal-
lowell Hook, %i N. byW. of Wiicaflet,
70 N. by E. of Portland, 187 N. by E.
of Boftpn, and 54.7' from Philadelphia.
It contained, in 1790, 605 inhabitants.
The weftern part called Cobifiy or Co-
hefiy* has an Epifcopal church, with an
annual income of z8 guineas, given by
Dr. Gai'diner for the lupport of an Epil-
^opal minifter.
PiTTSTOWN, a poft-town of New-
Tfrfej', in Hunterdon co. on the welt
head wattrs of Rariton river, 10 miles
E> by N. of Aleximdria on Delaware
river, 32 northerly of Trenton, and 58
N. N. E. of Philadelphia.
PiTTSTOWN, a townfliip of New-
York, in Renllelaer co. It U bounded
foutherly by Ren^elaerwyck and Ste-
jplientown, and northerly by SchaJle-
icoke and Cambridge. In 1790 it con-
tained a,447 inhabitants, including 33
/laves J 4.19 of its inhabitants, in 1796,
wei-e eleftors.
Pittsylvania, a county of Virginia,
between the Blue Ridge, and the tide
waters ; bounded S. by the State of N.
Carolina, and N. by Campbell co. It
contains 11,259 inhabitants, including
4;,932 flaves.
FlURA, the capital of ajurilcli6lion of
the fame name in Peru, and was the firft
Spauint I'cttlemcnt in that country ; foun-
ded in 1531, by Don Francilco Pizarro,
who alio built the iirft church in it. It
contains about 1,500 inhabitants. The
noufes are generally of one ftory, built
of iinbuint briclts, or of a kind of cane,
call^ quincas. ' The climate is hot and
'dry. JS. lat. 5. ri. W. long. 80. 5.
PlaCentxa Bajy on the S. coaft of
Newfoundland' lAand, opens between
Chapeau-Rouge Point weftwa.d, and
Cape St. Mary's en the E. 1 5^ leagues
apart; lying between lat. 46. 53. 30.
and 4.7. 54. N. and betwesniong. 54. i.
and 55. zi. 30.W. It is very I'pacious,
has fcveral iflands towards its head, and
forms a good harbour for fliips ; and is
frequented by fuch vcflels as are bound
either into the gulf or river of St. Law-
rence. The port-town, which gives
name t6 the bay, is on the eafteni fliore 3
P L A 441
<7 leagues to the E; of the !fl»^d of
Cape Breton ; 40 miles W. by $. of St,
John\s, and iniat. 47. 15. N. and long.
55. 1 J. W. The harbour is fo wry c«r
paciius, that i$o fail of fiiips may lie
in fecurity, and can £0) as quietly as in
any river, Thi entrance into it is bv
a narrow channel { which will admit
but cne fltit) at a time. Sixty fail of
Oiips can conveniently dry their filh on
the Gieat Strand, which lies between %
ileep hills, ai.d is about 3 miles long.
One of the hdls is feparated from the
(Irand, by a fmali brook which tuns out
of the chai.nel, and forms a fort of lake,
called the Little Bay, in which are
caught great quantities of falmon. The
inhabitants dry their fi(h on what is called
the Little Strand. The French luid for-
merly a fort called St. Louis, fituated oa
a ridge of dangerouf rocks, which con-
tracts the entrance into the harbour.
This ridge mult be left on the ftarboard,
going in.
Pi AIM <& Nordi a town on the norA
Ade of the Ifland of St. Domingo, fitu-
ated ac the fouth-eafl; comer of Bay de
TAcul, and on the road from Cape Fran-
cois to Port de Paix, nearly 5 leagues
weft by fbuth of the Cape, and 1 3 S. E.
by E. of Port de Paix-
Plainfield, a townfliip of MaCa-
chufetts, CO. of Hampfliirr. It was in-
corporated in 1785, and contains 45S
inhabitants. It is iso miles weft by
north of Bofton.
Plainfield, a townihip of North-
ampton CO. Pennfylvania.
pLAiNFi5.LD,atown(hipintheN.W.
corner of Chefliire co New-Hampfiiirr,
on the eaft bank of Connefticut river,
whicli fcparates it from Hartland ia
Vermont. It was incorporated in '761,
and contains 1.024 inhabitants.
Plajnkield, a townfhip In the S, E.
part of Windham co. Connecticut, on
the eaft fide of Qulnabaiig river, which
divides it from jBiooklyn and Canter-
biiiy. It is about 14 miles north-eaftuf
Norwich, has two Prefbyteri^^n churches,
an academy, and was fettled in 1689.
Plaisance, a town on the middle of
the neck of the north peninliiJa of the
ifland of St. Domingo ; iz le?.gues S,
W. of Cape Francois, and 7 north of
Le;; Gonaves.
Plantain Garden River, at the eaft
end oF the illand of Jamaica, and N. by
W. of Point Monuu. Tuere is a k tnd
•f
44» ' > L A
<c^ bsyf tt its mouth ; and on it, within
laB<f t is the town of Bath .
. PlASTO w, or Ph^ow, a townfliip
in the routh-eaftern part of Rockingham
CO. Ncw<Hamp(hii«, feparated from
Haverhill in Maflfachufletts, (of which
it was formerly a pait) by the fouthem
StMe line. It wat incorporated in 17491
and contains $*> inhabitants | 1 a or 14
imiles (buth-weftward of Exeter, and 30
£>ath-weft of Portfmouth.
. Plata Cays^ or Kejfs, a large (and-
bank from 10 to 14 leagues north of the
north coaft of the ifland of St. Domingo.
It is nearly 10 leagues in length* at weft
-1>y north, and from s to 6 miles in
lii-eadth. The eaft end is nearly due
aorth of Old Cape Francois.
Plata, an ifland on the coaft of
Quitu, in Peru, 4. or 5 leagues W. N.
W. from Cape St. Lorenzo, and in lat.
J. 10. foutn. It is 4 )'\ilf8 long, and
if broad; and affords litJe elfe than
grafs and fmall trees. The anchoring
places ar^ on the eaft fide near the mid^v.
die of the ifland.
Plata, Rivt?r de la, is one of the
largeft rivers on this g'ol -ml falls into
the 8. Atlantic Ocean between Capes St.
Anthony IbuthwarH, and St. Mary on
the northward, which are about 150
milss apart. It acquires this name after
the jvinftion of the Parana and Paraguay ;
and feparates Braz;il from the Defert
Coaft. Its navigation, altiiougli very
extenfivCj, is rather dangerous, on ac-
count of the numbetfof i'amly iflnnds and
roci^s in its channel, which are perhaps
difficult to avoid, by realbn of the cur-
rents and different ftts of the tide, which
they produce. For theic and other rea-
ibnb, (hips feldom enter this river, un-
Icfs urged by necefliiyj- efpecially as
there are many bays, harbours, and
ports on the coaft where veflelr, can fint!
good and lafe anchorage.' The water
]s fweet, clears the lungs, and is f;ud to
be a fpecific againft rheums and de-
fluxions ; but is of a petrifying quality.
See Paraguay, tor a more particular ac-
count. Cape St. Anthony is in lat. 36.
3*. fouth, and long 56. 34. weft.
Plata, a city of Peru, in S. Ame-
rica, in the province of Charcas, built
in 1539' It ftands on a fmall plain, en-
vironed by eminences, which defend it
from all winds. The air in fummer is
very mild; nor i? ''n any conlider-
abl^ difference t* gliout the year, ex-
FLA
cept in the winter montfai, viz. Vhsfi
June, and July, when ttmpcfts of thun-
der and lightning and rain are frequent j
but all the other parta of ths year tha
air is ferene. The houles hav^rinelight-
ttil grardens j>lanted with European fruit
trees, but water is very fcarce in the city.'
It has a large and elegant cathedral,
adorned with paintings and gildings, a
church for Indians, an hofpital, and %
nunneries; and contains about 14,000
inhabitants. Here alio is an univerfity
and two colleges, in which leTiures on
all the fcicnces are read. In i^^s vicinity
are mines of lilver in the mov.ntain of
Porco; which have been neglefted fince
thofe of Potofi were difcovered. It is
feated on 'he river Chimbo, 500 miles
S E. of Cul'co. S. lat 19. 16. weft
long. <3. 40. The jurifdiflion of this
name is «oo leagues in length, and 100
in breath, extending on each lide of the
famous river La Plata. • In winter the
nights are cold but the days mode-
rately warm. The froft is neither vio-
lent nor lading, and the fnows veryin-
confidcrable.
Plate, Monte de^ a mountainous
fettlement near the centre of the ifland
of St. Domingo, towards its caftern ex-
tremity, I 5 leagues north of the mouth
of Macoriz river, and 16 to the nbrth-
caft of the city ot St. Domingo. It was
formerly a flom-ifliing place, and called
a city; but the whole parifli does not
now contain above 600 fouls. Two
leagues to the N. E. of it is the wretch*
ed lettlement of Boya, to which the ca»
cique Henri retired, with the fmall rem-
nnnt of Indians, when the cruelties ot
tlic Spaniards, in the reign of CharlesV,
had (Iiiven him to a revolt. There does
not now exit! cue pnte delcendant of
their race.
Plate, Pomt^ the nor4y point of the
entrance into Port laiiphii. m the E,
coalt of tlic ifl.uid ot Cape Breton, or
Sydniv , and ^ Jcafj.u' s lbi.;h ell by
(oiith ot Capcl^umi, whichjs ihc Ibuth-
Wtft boundary of die harbour ct \chepe«
Plate, Fortde, ontheN.Cv)altofthe
ifland of St. Domingo, is oveiicokpd by
a white mountain, and lies sa IcaguesW.
of Old Cape Francois. It has 3 fathoms
water at its entrance, but diminiflies
within i and is but an indifferent harlwur.
The bottom is in ibme parts (harp rocks,
c.'ipable of cutting the cables. A vcflel
muft, on entering, keep vcjy dole to tli«
point
PLA
poifit of the breaker* near theeaftem fort {
wheta in. flic anchora in the middle of the
port. The eanton of Port de Plate great •
ly abounds in mines of gok), filver and
copper. Thtre are alfo mines of plafter.
It is unhealthy, from the cuftom which
the inhabitants have of drinking the wa-
ter of a ravin. It has a handfome church
and about 1,500 inhabitants.
Platb FarfKUt La, a town on the S.
fide of the N. peninFula of St. Domingo,
] leagues W. of point du Paradis, which
is oppoiite the fettlement of that name, a
leagtie from the Tea ; 2| leagues S. bvE.
of Bombarde, and 13 S. E. by S. of the
Mole. N. lat. 19. 36. W. long, from
Paris, 75. 40.
Platte, La, a fmall river of Ver-
mont, which falls into Lake Champlain
at She}bume.
Platform, a bay on the N. coaft of
the ifland of Jamaica, eaftward of Dunk-
lin's Cliff.
Plattsburgh, is an extenfivetown-
fliip in Clinton co. New-Voik, fitnated
on the weftem margin of Lake Cham-
plain, lying northerly of Willftorough,
about 300 miles north of New- York city,
and nearly that diftance foutherly of
Quebec in Canada. From the fouth part
of the town the mountains trund away
wide from the lake, and leave a charm-
ing traft of excellent land, of a rich
loam, well watered, and about an equal
proportion fuitable for meadow and for
tillag^. The land riles in a gentle af-
cent tor feveral miles from the lake, of
which eveiy farm will have a delightful
view. Several years ago, this townftiip,
and the whole county indeed, which at
prefent contains feveral thoufand inhabi-
tants, was a wildernefs ; now they have
a houfc for public worftiip, a court houfe
and gaol, the courts of common pleas and
general iedions of the peace fit here twice
in a year; they have artizans of aljfioli
«very kind among them, and fumifh
among- themfelves all the materials tor
building, glafs excepted. Polite circles
may here be found, and the genteel
traveller be entertained with the luxuries
of a fea-port, a tune on the harpfichord,
ami a philolbphicnl converlation. In
179Q, it contained 4.58 inhabitants, in-
cluding 13 rtaves. In 1796 there were
123 ot' the inhabitants qualified elec-
tors.
V L A.Y Green, or Piifcacoi^an, in Upper
Can.ida» lies near the north Ihorc of Win-
nipcg Lake, in kt.s). jrs* sn^ long.
97. S*'
Plkasant Point, a north-oifterfr
head-land in Merry Meeting Bay, du-
triA of Maine, and in Lincoln co. See
Merry Meeting Btn.
Plfasant Pnnt, the eaftem boon*
dary of the mmith ot Hawk's, or Sand^
wicn river, in the harbour of ChebuAa^
on the fouthern coaft of Nova-Scotia.
Pleasant River, a fmall village
where is a poft- office on the fea-coaft of
Waftiirtgton co. Diftrift ot Maine, and
at the head of Narraguagus Bayj i^
miles N. R. of Goldfboixnighy and 3s
W. byS. of Machias.
Plbin River, the northern head-wa-
ter of Illinois river. It inttrlocks with
Chicago riV'-T, a water of Lake Michi*
gan. Forty miles from its ibnree is the
place called Hid- Ifland ; a6 miles farther
it pafles through Dupage Lake ; ami y
miles below the lake, and fouthward of
Mount Juliet, it joins Theakiki river,
which comes from theealtwnrd. Thence
the united ftream affumes the name «
Illinois. The land between f' . ie
branches is rich, and intermixed w^'K
fwamps and ponds.
Pluckemin, a town or village of
fome trade, in Somerfet co. New- Jtrley,,
28 miles north of Princeton, and about
18 S. W. of Brunfwictc. It deriveii its
(ingularname from an old Irishman not-
ed for his addrcfs in taking in people.
Plue, Lac la, or Rainy Lake, liee
W. by N. of Lake Superior, and E. by
S. of the Lake of the Woods, in Upper
Canada. The Narrows sre in north
lat.
Fort Lac la Plue
Ifland Poitage -
At the Barrier - -
W. Longitude
^i.viAi\ Ifland, on the coaft ofMalTa-
chufetts, is about 9 miles long, and a-
bout half a mile brorid, extending from
the entrance of Ipl'wich river on tlie
Ibuth, nearly a north courfe to the mouth
of Merrimack river and is feparated
from the main land by a narrow Ibimd,
called Plumb Ifland 1 ivtr, whicl> is ford-
able in feveral places iit low water. It
confifts (or ;he moft part of (and, blown
into ludicrous heaps, and crowned with
bufhes bearing the bench plum. There
is however, a valuable prop^ rty of lalt-
marfli, and at the S. end of the ifland,
are z or 3 good farms. On the N. end
ftaod
49'
3' »
48
35 49
50
7 3«
SO
7 5*
95
8 30
PLY
Amd the light-hourtt, and tlie remMHi
of I wooden tort, built during the war,
far the detience oF the har^ur. On the
fea fliore of this ii'.and, uad on Saliftniry
litach, the nurine Suciety^ and other
gentlemen of Newbury-Port, haw hu-
fiMtcly eiclted feveral ftnall houAsa, fur-
Bimed with fuej and other ponveniences,
for the relief of mariners who may be
Hiipwrecked on this coaft. The N. end
lies in lat. 4.3. 4. N. and long. 70. 47.
W. See NKmbury-Port.
Plumb ifiund^ on the N. E. coaft of
lAig-Illand, in the S(gte of New- York,
is annexed to Southhold in SulRfoik co.
It contains about 800 acreSf and i'upports
7 fanuies. It is fertile, and pioduces
wliear, com, butter, chcefe, and wool.
It is three-fourths of a mile from the
caflern point of Southhold. This idand,
with the Tandy point of Gardner's Inland,
form the entrance of Gardner's Bay.
Plumb Point t Great, on the S. coaft
•f the ifland of Jamaica, forms the S. £.
limit of the pcniufula of Port-Royal,
which (hcltrrs the harbour of Kingfton.
Littl ''^'mb Point lies wellward of the
fornnei , waids the town of Port- Royal,
on the fouth fide of the peninfuia.
pLVMST£i«D, a |>olt-town of Penn-
fylvania, fituated on the W. fide of
Delaware river, 36 miles N. of Phila-
delphia, and 1 3 S« by v of Alexandria,
in New-Jerlcy.
Plymouth, a mari*'ime county in
the eaflern part of the State of Mafla-
chulistts, having MuiTachufetts Bay to
the N. E. Kriltol co. S. W. Barnltaple
CO. S. E. and Norfolk co. N. W, It is
iuhdiviiled into'i j townfhips, of which
Plymouth is the chief; artd contain*
4,0^40 huufes and »9<5:)5 inhabitants.
Within the counties of Plyiuouth and
Briltol, ther« are now in operation, 14
Mail, and 6 nir l'urnace», 20 forges, 7
fitting and rolling mills, befide a num-
ber of trip-lvanmier Hiops, and an almoli
incredible number ol nail-ihops, and
others for common fmithery. Thefe fur>
naces, fuppiieiL from the neighbouring
mines, produce annually from 1,500 to
1,800 tons of iion ware. The forges,
on an average, manufa£hire iriore than
1,000 tuns annually, and the Hitting and
rolling mills, at leall 1,500 tons. The
various manufuftures of thefe mills, have
given rife to many other branches in
iron and fteel, viz. cut and hammered
nails) fpades ami ihoveUi card teeth.
PLY
fawi, fcythe*) metal button*, eaimon
birilf, bills, fire arms, &c. Ib theic
counties are alio manufactured hand-bel-
lows, coBfihs, Oieet-iron for the tin nianu-
failure, wire, linfeed oil, <nufF, fione and
earthen ware. The iron-works, called
the Federal Furnace, are 7 mile* trom
Plyinouth harbour. 4^1,
Plymouth, a fea-port town in Maf-
fachufctts, fliire town of the county of
Plymouth, 42 miles S. trom Bofton ; a
poft-town and port of entry ; bouixlea
northerly by Kingfton, and a line ex-
tending acrois the harbour to the Gar-
nefi werterly S}y Carver i fonthwly by
IVarebattt and Saftdijuicb, and cafterly
by the fea. The townfhip is extenfivei
containing more than 80 fquare miles.
Tt is about 16 mile$ in length, and more
than 5 miles in breadth. The number
of inhabitants, l>y the cenfus of 179 1.
wa^ a»995. The Tlnw», or principal
fettlement, which contains more than
two- thirds of the inhabitanti, is on the
north-ealUrly part of the townihip, near
a Aream cailed the Town Bronk, which
flows from a large pond, bearipg the
name of BiUington-Sea, One rnair^
iireet erodes the iiream, and is inter>
I'efted by three crof* ftreets, extending
to the (hore : another (Ireet runs wefter.
ly on the north fide of the brook. The
town is compactly built, and contains
about 200 dwelling-houfes, (the greater
part of which are on the north iid^
of the Town Brook) a handfomtt
meeting-houfe, court- houfe, and gaol*
There are two precin6ls ; one includes
the town, and the diih'i6ls of Hobbt
Hole, and Eet River ; the other is at
Monument Ponds, a village lying about
7 miles S. from the town, beyond the
high lands of Monument. The foil
near the coalt is generally good ; the
refidue of the townflup is barren, ant^
notwithibnding the antiquity of the fet-
tlement, is yet a foreft. The wood i%
principally pine, though there are many
trails covered with oak. tThe harbour.
iH capacious, but fliallow, and is form-
ed by a long and narrow neck of
land^ called Salt houfe Beach, extend-
ing Ibutherly from Mailhiield, and
terminatuig at the Gurnet Head, and
by a fmaitcr beach within, running
in an oppolite direction, and connected
with the main land near Eel river, about
3 miles from the town. There is a
lig^t-houle 00 tJK Gurnet, and on Salt-^
bouft
PLY
lOllt
a
ottft
t$»ft Beach is placed one of the huts
ere£led and maintained by the humane
Society of Maflachufetts, for the recep-
tion and relief of Ihipwrcckedmarinen.
Thei'e is a breach in the inner b«achi
wliich expofes the (hippinv, even at the
wharves, during an eafterly ftorm.
The principal bufinefs of the town 1 from
is the ndfijkerj, in which are employed
s«oae tons of (hipping, and about 300
iMcn annually. There are a few coaft-
m^ veiTcls belonging to the place, and
a brigs ; and 10 or iz fchooners, em-
ployed in foreign trade. Many of the
tiHiing vefTcls make voyages to tlie
Southern States, in the winter feafon.
The exports, which, at the commence-
ment or the pvelifnt federal government,
were very inconfiderable, not exceeding
8,000 or 9,000 dollars annually, are
now refpe£table. In 1795, they ex-
ceeded 70,000 dollars, and in 1796,
they amounted to near 130,000 dollars.
Formerly the produce of the fifhery was
(old at Bofton, or Salem ; it is now al-
tnoft wholly exported from the town,
and confiderable quantities offifhhave
lately been purchafed at Boftoti, and ex-
ported from Plymouth. The pi-oceeds
of the foreign voyages, are generally
conveyed to Bofton for a market.
The lofles and fuflPcrings of the in-
habitants of Plymouth, (hiring the war
tor independence, were extreme. Their
velTeU were almoft nil captured or loft.
The men who ufed to be employed in
them, were difperfed in the i'ea and land
fervice, in which many of them loft their
lives t a great number of widows nnd or-
phans were left deftitute } hufinej's lan-
guifhed; houfes, ft ires, and wharves
went to decay, and a genei-al appearance
of poverty and opprchlon prevailed. A
few years of peace and good government
have revelled this melancholy (tate of
things. A young, induftrious,and en-
terprifing race of Teamen has fucceeded
to thofe who are gone : bufmefs has re-
vived ; the navigation and commerce of
the place are more refpeilable than at any
former period \ the houfes are in good
repair, many new ones are eref^ed, and
a fpirit of euterprize and improvement
is apparent. An academy is contem-
plated: a valuabte flitting-mill, and
other works, are erefted on the Town
Brook. A llage, which goes twice a
w«ek to Bofton, is well firpported ; and
an a^uedu^ for bringing irelh water to
p L V ^^t
tlie houfet of the inhahhantt !a iiMnt
completed. The townfhip
than half completed. The
abo mds with ponds and ftreamt. Mon
than too ponds appear on the map late-
ly taken by a Committee of the towag
and tranfmitted to the Secretary's of-
fice. BUlington Sea is about t miles
the town, and covert near )oo
acres. From the ftreara flowing from
this pond, the aquedu^ will be Aipplied.
So:ttP PonJ is much larger. Further
fouth is Halfnuay Pond and Long Poni,
Near Sandwich Tine is the GreM Her-
ring Pond. To Billing^on Sea, Half-
way Pond, and the Great Herring Pond,
alewives refort in their feafon in great'
abundance. The Grrat Herri$ig PtMj
has been contemplated ns a rel'ervoir for
the projcfled canal acrofs the ifthtnut
between Buzzard and BarnftahU Bays.
Many of the ponds abound >vith white
and red perch, pike, and other frefi wa-
ter ii(h J and in the numerous brooks
which run into the Tea in different parts
of the town(hip, are found excellent trout.
Thefe ponds and ftreams are often the
fcenes of amufement for parties of both
fexes in the fummer feafon.
At the village of Monument Ponds
and Eel river, and in fome other parts
of the town(hip, many of the inhabitants
are farmers. In the TVovir, the gardens
are numerous and well cultivatwl, and
when aided by the aqueduft, will be
produ£live equal to the wants of the in-
habitants.
The fituation of the town is pleafant
and htialthful. The eafterly winds of
the Spring, however, are diilirening to
perfons 6t tender habits, and are uncom-
fortable even to the robuft. The niar-
ket is not regularly llipplied. Fuel,
fifti, poultry, and wild fowl are plenti-
ful and cheaper, perhaps, than in anv
other fea- port of the fize. The people
are fober, friendly , and induftr ious . It is
the firfl: lettlement in New-England, and
is peopled, principally, by the defcend-
ants of the ancient ftock. But few fo-
reigners are among tlieni. The rock on
which their forefathers firft landed, was
conveyed, in 1774, from the (hore to a
fquare in the centre of the town. The
fentimental traveller will not fail to view
it ; and if he is palling to Cape Cod, he
will paufe a moment at clamfudding
Pond, about 7 miles from the town, where
the people in ancient days, when travel-
, ling &tm the Cape to attend the courts oi^
Pl/meutb,
PLY
irniouth, nM to fit and renle them-
m> withtheclam* and pud'Tiiig which
they brought with them. A fev/ miles
further fouth, on the fame road, are the
fieri/ct rpcktf whicli are covered with
the dry limbs of trees and pine knots,
heaped upon them l>y the Indians as
they ^fs by, in obftrvance of an an-
cient ufage, the origin of wliich is un-
certain'
The clieapnefs of li'/irg, the plenty
of fuel, ann the convenient mill-feats
which are to be found in Plymouth, will
prob^lbiy render it, at fome future pe-
riod, a confiderablc manufafturingtown.
Domeftic manufa6\ures are now very
general there. Fifliery and foreign com-
merce at prcfent engage almolt all the
a£live capital of the town ) but the con-
tuii^'Tncies to which they are expofed
may lead to fome other fources of em-
ploymert and profit. .
In the three laft quarters of 1796, the
exports were as follow s
Second quarter
Third ditto
Fourth ditto
dollars,
3^.634
36,006
In the firft quarter of theprefent year
^1797) they amounted only to 11,4.66
dollars. This diminution lus been pro-
duced by the apprehenfions excitecl by
the depredations of the French on the
commerce of the United States.
Plymouth, a town of New- York,
in Onondago to. lately laid out and
named by E. VVatfon, Efq. a native of
Plymouth, New-England. The town
lies about la miles tbuth-eaft of Geneva,
on a beautiful declivity on the cad fide
of Seneca Lake, and commands a charm-
ing and extenfive view of the whole
lake. The town plat is on the fpot
formerly called Apple-Town, and was
the head-quarters of the Seneca Indians,
who were conquered and difperfed by
Gen. Sullivan, in his wcftern expedition
in 1779. The fituation is healthful and
pleafant, well watered by copious living
iprings. Twenty hotifes were build-
ing here in 1796, and as the new
State -road, from the Cayuga, inter-
fefts the town, a ferry eftabliftied, and
another town laid out on tiie oppo-
fite fide of the lake, it promifes fair
to become a conliderable antjl very
POO
thrivinff ▼illa|;e. It it wtll wattttd
by copioui fpringst
Plymouth, a town inLitehficld co«
ConneAicut.
Plymouth, a poft-towii pf Kcw.
Hampfhire, fituated in Grafton co. at
the mouth ofBaker^sriver^ on itsS<fide«
where it falls into the river Pemigewaf.
fetj 45 miles N.of Concord^ 71 north*
wefterly of Portfmouth, and 445 N. E.
of Philadelphia. The townfhip was
incorporated in 1763, and contams 6x5
inhabitants.
Plymouth, the name of two town-
fliiptf in Fennfylvania, the one in Lu..
zeme co. the other in that of Mont,
gomery.
Plymouth, a fmall poft-townof N.
Carolina, on the fouih fide of Roanoke
river, about 3 miles above Albemarle
Sound. It is 29 miles fouth-weft by
S. of Edenton, and 463 fouth by welt
ot Philadelphia.
Plymouth, a fettlemeiit on tha
fouth pcninlula of the ifland of St*
Domingo, and in the dependence of
Jeremie.
Plymouth-Town, in the iflandof
Tobago, in the Weft-Indies. N. lat.
10. 10. W. long. 60. 3».
Plympton, a township in Plymouth
CO. Mafikchufetts, 45 miles S. £. of Bof-
ton. It was incorporated in 1707, and
contains 956 inhabitants.
Pocahontas, a town in Chefter-
field CO. Virginia, within the jurifc'ic-
tion of Peterlburgh in Dinwiddle co. It
probably derives its name from the fa^
mous princefs Pocahontas, the daughter
of king Powhatan.
PocKREKESKO, a river of New-Brj.*
tain, N. America.
Pocomoke, an eaftem water of
Chefapeak Bay, navigable a few miles.
On its eaftem fide, about io miles from
its mouth, is the town of Snow Hill.
POCOTALIGO, a village or S. Caro^
lina, 1 5 miles from Conibahee ferry, and
67 from Charleftown.
POGE, Cape, theN. E. p^int of Cha*
baquiddick Ifland, near Martha^s Vine-
yard. Maflachufetts. From Holmes's
Hole to this cape the coiiri'e is S. E. by
E. 3| leagues diftant. In th? channel
between them there are j i and 1 z fa-
thoms water. N. lat. 41. 35. W. long,
from Greenwich, 70. zz.
Point, a townlhip in Ncrthumbcr-
land CO. Penniylvania-,
P&INT
by
ivl
fa-
IS-
F O t
. PoiMT AldtrtoMt the S. W. point of
Softon harbour. N. bt. 4.1. 10. W.
PoiNT-AU FBR,aplacencarthchcai1
or northern part of Lake Champlain,
within the limits of the United States.
It was delivered up by the BritiAi in
179*.
. Point U Pro, the eafterii limit of
Pa(ramaqiio<idy Bayi on the coaft of
New- Brunswick.
PoiNTE de$ Pieges, It cape on the
fouth fide of the .Aand of St. Domingo,
» leagues weft of the mouth of Peder-
iiales river.
Point Judith, in the townfhip of
South KLingftown, isthelbuth extrer'.y
of the weltern (horc of Nairaganiet Bay
in Rhode-Iiland. It is 9 miles Ibuth-
fouth-weft of Newport. N. lat.4.1. 24.
W. long. 71. »8.
Point Pttre, in tlie ifland of Guada-
knipe, has (Ironj; fortifications, ainl lies
about lo miles from Fort Louis.
PoiAUHTECULi called by the Spa-
niards Voican de Orizuba, a celebrated
mountain in Mexico, or New- Spain,
which began to fend forth fmuke in
154.5, and continued to do ib for ao
years ; hut for two centuries p^, there
has not been obferved the fmalleit fign
of burning. The mountain, which is
<if& conical figure, is the higheft land
in Mexico, and is defcried by feamen
who are Aeering that way, at the dif-
tance of 50 leapu^s ; and is higher than
the Peak of Tenei itfe. Its top is al-
ways covereil with i'now, and its bonier
adorned with large cedars, }une, and
other trees of valuable wood, which
make the profpefl of it every way beau-
tiful, it is 90 miles eaftward of the
city of Mexico.
PoKONCA,a mounUin in Northamp-
ton CO. Pennfylvania, %% miles N. W.
of Eflfton, and z6 fouth-eailcrly of
Wyoming Falls.
Poland, a townfhip in Cumberland
CO, DiiSlrift of Maine.
PoLLlPLES Ijland, a fmall rocky
ifland, about 80 or 100 rods in circum
ference, at the northern entrance of
the High . Lands in Hiidlbn's river :
remarkable only as tt;e place where
fuilors require a treat of perfons who
iiave never before paiTed the liver.
PoMALACTA, a village in the jurii-
4}i£lion of the town of Guafuntos, in
the province of Qii,ito, famous for che
PON 4^
r\iini of afortrefs built by tht Ynca»,or
ancient emperors of Peru.
PoMFKBT, a townfhtpin Windfor
CO. Vermont, containing 710 iiihabi*
tants. It is 11 miles W. of the fcrrr on
Connecticut river, in the town of Hut*
lord, and 64 north^eaft of Benning-
ton.
PoMFR ET, a poft.town of ConncAi-
cut, in Wtndl>ain <o. It is ^a mtlcs E.
by N. of Hartford, 66 S. W. of Boftoa.
and 164 N. E. of Philadelphia | ami
contains a Congregational church, nvd
a few ncat^houfes. The townihip was
fii(f fettled in 1686 by emigrants from
Ruxbury. It was part of tht Afayflva-
motjuft piu'chafe, and in 171 3 it waa
ere6tid into a townfliip. Quinabaug ^
river feparates it from Killingff on the
eaft. In Pomfret is the famous cave,
where General Putnam conquered andl
flew the wolf.
POMPTON, in Bergen co. New-Jer-
fey, lies on Ringwood, a branch of Paf-
faik river, about 13 miles north-weft of
New. York city.
PoMPEY, a military townfhip in O-
nondago co. New-York, incorporated
in 1794. It comprehends the town-
fliips of Pompey, Tully, and Fabius,
together with that part of the lands
called the Onondago Refervation}
bounded northerly by the Geneffee road,
and wefterly by the Onondago Creek.
In 1796, there were 179 of the inhabi-
tants qualified electors.
PoNPON. See Ediflo River, Soutk-
Carolina.
PoNTE </« Dio. See Atoyaque.
PoNTCHARTRAiN, a lake of Weft-
Florida, which communicates eaftwaid
with the Gulf Mexico, and weftward
with Miflilippi river, through Lake
Maurcpas and Ibberville river. It 't
about 40 mile!« long, 24 broad, and iX
feet deep. The following creeks fall
into it on the N. faic, viz. Tangipaho,
and Le Comble, 4 feet deep } Chefunc-
ta, 7; and Bonfouca,6; and from tlte
peninlula of Orleans, Tigahoc, at the
mouth of which was a fmail poft. The
Hayouk of St. John aUb communicates
on the fame fide. The French inhabi-
tants, who formerly refided on the N»
fide of this lake, chiefly employed them-
Iclves in making pitcl), tur and turpen.
tine, ?.nd raifing ffock, for which the
coitntiy is very tavourable. See Maur**
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33 WeST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. MStO
(716) 872-4503
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FONTCMARTiiAiN, atiUIand iiiLiBke
8up«rior» fcHith by weft of MaurapM
'Itandt and Mirth-wt^ of Hocquait
PtfHTBOtyi, or Prntufiii, a point on
<he W. ooaft of Moiico, lo Icagueir
if. by S.%f Cape Coricnteif between
«rhich is the bay de ValdeMM; To the
«eft«Mird <tf it are two fiuall iflands'
•f Hi name, a league from the main.
There are aUb rocluy called the rocks cff
iVmte^ue, so leuuee lbuth*weft of the
|mrt of MatancheK
J' For A Mad&v , a town of S. Amerira;
|il Terra Finna* 50 miles caft of parrha.
'f«w. N. latitude 10. i5.wcftk)ngitude
PoJ^ArAN^a profinceofS. America,
in New Granada, aboat 400 milea in
length and 300 iu bi:eadth. The coun-
ty 1> UDhndthy, b^t vaft quantities
of goM are found in it. it ie ftill
■nwftiy in poflefioo of the native Ame-
ikana.
FtopATAN, tbeoi^ital of the above
province, and a biihop'e fee, inhabited
finely 1^ creoke. It it aao miles N.
CofX^ito.
Poplar Sfru^t in thcnorth-weltern
fwt of Ann Arundel co. Maryland,
near a brook, y miles foutherly of the
weft branch of Patapfco river, on the
^igh road from BaltiKtoretoFrederickf.
town, about a 7 miles weft of Baltimore,
•nd4.t N. W. of Annapolis.
Poplin, a townfliip of New-Hamp-
Aiit, in Rockingham co. 11 miles wef-
terly of Exeter, and »6 weHrrlyofPortf.
• ttottth. It was incorporated in i764->
"^ind contains 493 inhab'-^ftts.
Poou800MSUCK,ariver<tf Vermont,
which rans a foutherly courfe, and falls
into Cm^neAicut river in the townihip
of Bamet, near the Lor ;r bar of the 15
•life Mis. It is 100 yards wide, and
•oted for tte quantity and quality of
Ahnon it m-^duces. On this nver,
which is fettled to miles up, are feme
«f the beft townlhips in the State.
Po<^I Chovoie, a low flat point
-ketween the got of Chepagan and the
Milage of Caraquet, on the ibuthern fide
«f Cbaleur Bay. It is about 4 leagues
4iftant from the gut, in a fouth-weft di-
«eAieo. The ifland of Camquet , at the
fomc ^iftance from the gut, lies in a
weft direAion from the main. The vil.
Jige ia about 3 leagues in extent ; its
flaatationst fcc. has a church, and a
namber ^inhabttantl# all Roman 6f«
thi;:ics. The dyttcr and coil.fiflicrW
are carried on here.>
PoiCAS, Ilbadit 0iljkuidif thgii
lies eaftward of St. Sebaftian's Ifland;
on the coaft cf Brazil, and so milesleaft-
vrard of the Bay of Saints. , ,
PoRC At;, JMsirro ^, or Heg'i Strand,
on the weft coaft of New Mexico, is
ikHTthward 6f Peuit Higueh^, the fouth-
weft point of the peninfula which forms
the bay of Panama: From thence (hips'
ufu'ailytake their departure, tbgo'finith-
ward foi^ the coaft of Pem.
.PoRCo, a jurifdiftion of S.' America,'
in the province of Char^bs, bi^iatiing^
at the weft end 6f the town of Poto^*
about ^5 leagues from the city of La
Plata, aiid exteodine about so leagues.'
PoRco, a town m theabojvc junfilic<>
tion, weft of the mines of Potofi. S;
lat. 19.^ 40; W. long. (4. 0.
PoRCUPiRB, Capei See Ltrw-M-
down,
PoRPOiSBf Caft, ba the eoaft of
York CO. DiftriA of Maine, is 7 leagueb;
N. by E. of Cape Neddotk, and i fouth.
weft of Wood-Ifland. It is known hy
the highlands of Kenmbnnk,' which Iw
to the north-weft of it* A Veffel that
draws 10 feet winter wtll he agixnind at
low water in the harbour here.- ^t is fix
narrow that a veffel cannot turn round ;
is within looyardsof the fea, andfecure
from all winds, whether you have anchor
or not.
Port tf Spain, the capital of the
ifland of Trinidad, in the Weft Indies,
iituated on the weft fide of the ifland. •
PORTAOB, Pwa, on the eaft coal^ of
New-Brunfwick, and in the Iboth-weft
part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, forms
the N. limit ofMiramicby Bay, as P(»nt
Ecoumenac does the ibuth.
Fort Amherst, a bay on the fouth>
eafteni coaft of Nova- Scotia, (buth-weft
of Port Rofeway, and 17 miles N. E.
of Cape Sable.
Port Ancel, a harbour on the W^
coaft of Meaito, abou^ halfway between
St. Pedro and Compoftella. It is n
broad and open bay, having |x>ed an>
chorage, but bad landing. N. lat. »3«
3s. W. long. 97. 4.
Port Antonio, in the north-ea&
tern part of the ifland of Jamaica,
lies W. by N. of the north-esift point)
having Fort Gcorn and Navy lflan4
on the weft) and Wood'i Ifland eaft-
ww4«
1^
Unt&i tt 19 capable of holding a large
licet } and if it vrere fortifitd and ac-
commodated for refitting fliipi of virart
yrould bff of great importance^ at it i»
only ]6 league* wefterlyofCapeTibu*
»on> in St, DomingOk and open* direflly
Into the Windward raflage. The town
of Titehfield lies on thifbay.
. PoaTA Miaria, in the N. E. part of
lh« ifland of Jamaica* i» fouth-eafterly
from Oallina point.
PoaTA Portt on thejl. W. fide of
the illand of Newfoundland { the Ibuth
entrance into which i> lo or s» ieaguea
Irom Cape St. GcArgt;.
Port mi Princtt a jurifdiftlon and
jboDoitf at the head of the great Bay or
Bight of Leoganc) in the weft part of
the ifland of St. Doniirtgo. The town,
which it featcd on the head of the bav,
i« the feat of the French government in
time of pcace> and a place of confidera-
ble trade. Though Itngularly favonred
with the caft wind», it waa long the
tomb of the unhappy Europeans, jn con-
fequence of the aimcuky of obtaining
food water. By the exeitione of M.
de Marboit* who refided here about 5
Yean, in conftruAing fountain*, public
bafont, and airy prifons, the place hat
become far more healthy and defireabte.
The jurtfdi£tion contains 6 parifliet, and
ita export* firom January x, 1789, to
'Dee. 31, pf the fame year, were as
followi 1,4.97,321 lbs. white fugar;
44,7i6,ax61bs. jrowDliigar;i7,Ss9,4z4
U>s. coffee; 1,878,999 lbs. cotton;
137,951 lb*, indigo; other article*, as
hides, raolafles, fpirits, ice. to the value
•f 8,x4Si livres. The total value of
duties on the above articles oA exporta«
tion was 189,945 dolls. 46 cents. This
m line town was nearly burnt down by
^fe^ the revolting negroes, in Nov. and Dec.
I^P 1791. It is only fit for a fiiippipg
place for the orodiKt^ of the adjacent
country, and tor that of the rich plains
of the Cut de Sac to the northward.
The ifiand of Gonave to the weftward
would enable a fquadron to block up
the port. The line of communicati<m
between Poit au Prince and the town
of St. Domingo, i* tv the pond*, and
through the town* ot Neybe, A^ua,
Bani, See. The diftance from Port au
Prince to St. Domingo city being 69
leagues eaft bv fouth ; for th^ reckon
league* from thiLKuard El Pondo
ort au Print*, ^o fiiortcn thi*
to P(
r o ft 449
way « little, wtd particulariy t9 remU^*
it lef* difafpreeable, one may crofsi tlit
BrackiA Pond in AJ canoe. Port ai^
Prince i* 7 league* eaft by north of tho
towto of Leogane, find about 50 foiitk
by eaft a* the road runs, fnm Pnrt dh
Paix. N. lat. i9* -^4. Wi kog.- froflt
Paris 74»4j.
Port Bank), xm the north-wclb
coaft of N. America, lies fouth- eaft of
Pitt** Ifiandt and nprth-w^ft of Pirint
Bukar*lli. ^
Port CHana*, on the northern
fide of the Hand of Cuba, lie* E. by N*
of Bahia Hondu, andweftwaitiofPort
Mariel.
Port Dauphin, a.bavontheevf*
tern coaft of Cape Breton liland, altout
18 league* S. by W. of Cape Raye in
Newfoundland.
Port db Paix, a jurifiiiftton and
fea-port, on the north fide of the ifland
of St. Domingo, towards the weftern
end, and oppofite the ifland of Tortue» 4
league* ddtant. The jurlfdiftio^^gon-
tain* 7 pariflie*; the export*Vlt>m
which, froiu Jan. y, 17S9 to Dec, jr*
of the iame year, were a* follow*
331,900 lb*. whitrAigar) 515,500 lbs.
brown fugar; i>9S7»(i8 lb*, coffee |
35,154 lb*, cotton ; S9,x8i lb*, indigo.
The duties on exportation of the above
amounted to 9,407 dollara 60 cent*. It
is 30 league* north of St. Mark, 17 E.
bv N. of the Mole, and t9i weftward
of Cape Francois. N. lat. 19. 54* W»
lonff. from Pari* 75. is. •-
roRT DE LA Chaupibri, OH the S/
coaft of the ifland of St. Domingo, |ie*
at t^ eaftern entrance of the Bay of
OctKt, which is ti leagucb W. by SkiMi
the city of St. Domingo* Thi* porti*
large, open, and deep enough to admit
veffei* of any btirden.
Port Dksirb, a nRrbotir on the B.
coaft of Patagonia, 8. America, where
vei&l* fometimc* touch in their paflago
to the South Sea. It i* about 150 miUs
N. E. of Port St'. Julian. S. kt. 47.
6. W. long. 64. ^4.
Port du Princb, r town-on the
northern coaft of the ifland of Cuba,
having a good harbour. The tOwn
ftaixis in a large meadow, where thi;
Spaniard* feed numerous hards of cattle.
Port Eomont, on tlie N. coaft cif
one of the Falkland Ifles, and towards
the W. end of that coaft. It is on* of
the moft cxtenfive and comniodioM*
F f birbourt
4SO P O It
Kurboun is dw worki } fo that h hat
. htea 8fl«)ted that the whole navy of
Great'Britain might ride fccurely iu it.
Commodore Byron difcovered this ex-
cellent harhoiir in 17751 on being ftnt
to take pofleflion of the tflandi for the
Britifli goTernment.-
, PoRTsa, a lake of Nova-Scotia,
Which iiiffpties itrelf into the ocean) 5
Icaeuet («ftward of Halifiix* It it 15
milet in lensthy and half a mUc in
width, with iflandt in it. J|
PoRTERriBLD,a fmalnettlcmcatin
Yoric CO. Diftrift of Maine.
Porte RO, a river of Peru, which
cmptiet into the (ea at the city of Bal-
divia.
I^ORT JvUAM, or Part St. ytiSa»t§
, harboMr oa the E. eoaft of Patwonia, in
S. America, i5omileiS. by\l^ofPort
Defire. It hat a free and open entraace,
and ftlt it found near it. The eonti-
nent it not above 100 leagoet lnx>ad
here. Befidet fait pondt, here are
pki|| of wild cattle, borfet, Peruvian
iheePf and wild dogi, but the water is
bad* S. lat. 49. 10. W. long. 6t. 44.
^ ^D. Portland, a uoft-town and port of
cntrv, in Cumberland co. Diftrift of
Maine. It it the capital of the diftrift,
and ia fituated on a promontory inCafco
Bay, and wat fermeriy a part of Fal.
mouth. It it 50 milet 6. byW. of
Wifcaftt, 11} N. by W. of Bofton,
and 4<9 N. E. of Philadelphia. In July,
i7S<y thii part of the town, being the
moft pupulout and mercantile, and fitu-
Bted on the harbour, together with the
iilandt which belong to Falmouth, wat
incorporated by the name of Poittend.
Jb hat a maA-«ttelIent, fafe, and capa-
ciottt harbour, which it feldom or never
completely tixnao over. It it near the
flpain ocean, and it eafy of acceft. The
Inhabitantt carry on a copfideraMe fo>
retgil trade, build fliipt, and are largely
concerned in the illhery. It it one of
the moft thriving commercial towns in
the Commonwetuth of Ma&ehufetts.
Although three-fourthtof it wat laid in
afltet by the Britifli fleet in 1775, it has
fmce been entirely rebuilt, and contains
about ajoo inhabitants. Among its
public buildings are \ churches, m for
Cangregationalifts, and i forEpifcopa-
Uans, and a handfomc court-houfe. A
ri||(ht-hoafe was ereftedin 1790, on a
Mint of land called Portland Head, at
neytntrancc of the harbour. It it a
POR
ftone edifice, 7a feet high, cmlufitle of
the lanthom, and' ftandt in hit. 44. g.
N. and long 69. ta* W. Thelollowiaf
direAiont are to be obfervcd in conmg
into the harbour. Bring th« VnAx to
bear N. N. W. then run tor it, altowing
a fmall diftance on the fau-boyd hand \
and when abreaft of the fame, then ma
N. by W. Thit couWe will give gi>od
anchorage from half a mile, to a mile
and a half. No variation of the com-
paft is allowed. The works ertAcd in
1795, for the defence of Porthmd, con*
(f ft of a fort, a citadeK ■ battery for i»
piecet of cannon, an artillery- flare, a
guard-hovfe, an air furnace for heating
fliot, and a covsrcd way from the fort to
the battery.
Portland JUrAf, in Cafce Bay, in
the Diftrift of Maine, the promontory
on which the light-hoofe above deArrib-
ed ftandt. FromtheXghthoufeto Al«
den*t Ledge, it 4 leaguet S. i>. E. High
water in Portland harbour, at full and
change, 45 minutet after 10 o^dock.i
See fmUmd. \
PoR TiAND Pomtt Oft the foath eoaft
pf the ifland of Jamaica, and the mofi
ibutherly land in it, liet in lat. 17. 4!.
N. and long. 77. 4s. W.
PoRTLOCK's HarheuTtOa the N. W.
coaft of N. America, hat a narrow en-
tcance conipared with ttt circular form
within. The middle of the entrance
lies in lat. 57. 43. 30. and long. 136.
4t. 30. W.
Port Marquit, a harbour on th»
coaft of Mexico, ill the North Pacific
Ocean, 3 miles eaftwai'd of Acapulco».
where fhlpt from Peru frequently land
their contraband goodt. N. lat. 17.
17. W. long. 101. 1$.
Porto BeUot a fea-port town of S.
America, having a good harbour on the
northern fide of the Ifthmut of Darien,
in the jiiovince of Terra Firma Proper,
nearly oppofite to Panama on the lou-
them fide of the ifthmut. It is fituated
clofe to ths Tea, on tite declivity of a
mountain which furroundt the whole
harbour. It abounds with reptiles in
the rainy feafbn, and at all times is very
unhealthy ; ami is chiefly inhabited by
people of colour, arnt negroes. It wat
taken by Admiral Vernon in 174a, who
demoliflicd the fortificationt. But it it
now ftrongly fortified. N. lat. 9. 34. 35*
W. long. 81. j|r Sflt Darkn and P^^^
ntuHU, ^'
Porto
4>-.<"
X VdRWGiMb. ariiarittmt'towiier
ilieCartcea«» in Terra Firm«» 8* Ameri*
cft» 4 leaguet from Leon} chiefly in-
hdlited by SAmrno, fiiilon, tnd fae>
tort*
Porto <^«t<lMr, a feawport town of $.
America^ in Terra FintMi awl on tke
coaft of the Caraccaa. The BrittOi loft
• ntat many men here^ in an onAtcccfl'*
fill attack by fcaandlukH in 1743. N.
Jat. 10. ao, W« long. 64* 30.
PoftTO 4r/ Prmcipit a fta«port
on the north cbaft of the ifiand of Cuba,
Seo mikt S« E. of the Havannah, and
sl< N. W. of Bart:oa. It was for.
merly a U^ and rich town, but being
taken by CSpt* Moi^gan, with hit buc>
caneert, after a ftout refiftance, it never
ncovercd itfelfk Near it are ftveral
fpringt of bitumen*
PokYo Rico, one of the Antille If.
lands, in the Wcft>Indies, belonging to
the Spsniaids, about too mi|cs kmg, and
40 broad^ and contains abotilt s,aoo
Ibuare miles* It is »o leagues S* 8. E.
or the ifland of St* Doming. The
lands are beautifully diverimed with
woods, valliesi and plains, and are very
fhutftil { yiekUng the fame produce as
the oth^r iflands. Tlie ifland is well'
watered by fprings and rivers, but is un*
healthy in the rainv feafons. Gold,
whidi firft induced the Spaniards to iet>
tie here, is no longer found in any con-
iiderable quantity. In 177I, this ifland
contained to,66o inhabitants, of which,
only 6,530 were (laves. There were
then reckoned upon the ifland^ 77>384
head of hurned cattle) a), 195 horfes}
1,515 mules ) 49,058 headof fmall cat>
tk| 5,S6i plantations, yielding 1,737
quintalsof Aigar { 1,163 quintals of cot-
^^"^l 19*55^ quintals ot ricei 15,416
quintals of maize; 7,458 quintalsof t^^
bacco, and ^,860 quintals of molafles.
Poaro R$co, pr St. Juirn de Porto
Ric9f the capital town of the ifland of
that name, aoove delcribed, ftands on a
fmail ifland, on the north fide of the
ifland of Porto Rico, to which it is join-
ed by a caufeway, extending acrofs the
harbour, which is vcrv fpscious, and
where the largeft veflels may lie in the
utmoft fecurity. It is large and well
built, and is the fee of a biftiop) and
the forts and btttcries are fo well ittua-
tcd and ftrong, as to render it almoft
inaeedBblc to an enemy* It was, how.
tvcr, taken by Sir Francis Dnkt, and a^
teMdl bv the Karl of Cumbdfaod. It.
is bflt^ uhabitad than moftnf the Sptf ,
nifli towtts» beii^ the ceitre of tba eoyi.
traband trade Cfitied on by tht BlitiA
and French* wUh the king bf 8pdii*i
fubjefts, In s6ij|thel}utch tooKaiMl
plundered this city } but could not ri«
tain it.N* lat* il. so. yr* lonf . 65. 35*
Porto Satot, an ifliuid o« the codi
of Pcru» a leagttt W. N. W. of tb«
oort and Citv of Santo or Santk, nearly
oppofite to toe port of FeroW a? league
dift^t northerly, and 9 N» W. of Gua*
muMlfland.
FDrto SohU, a po^ fituatcJ in the
motlith of the river of its name, on thi
coafl of Peruk N. N. B. of Point Ferol*
and 6 leagues 8. E. of C^pe de Chao or
Chau,and in lat. 8. 47* '8.
Port Paix, See Pert an PaUc*
Porto Seaire, a eaptainfliip on the
coaft of Brazu, in S. AJneriu, bounded
E* by thegovemnient of Riodos Hilios |
N. bjr the South Atluitic Ocamj 8.
by Spiritu SantOi and weft by theooun*
t^ of the Tupick Indians. The couiu>
try is very fertile*
Porto Stgunt the capital of the^
above eaptainfliip, is featra on the top'
of a rock, at the mouth of a river, on
the fea'Coaft, and inhabited by Portu-
guefe. S* lat* 17. W. iMig. 38. 50.
Port Petai, a town of mwcaftle cO*
.Delaware, on the weft fliore of Dela*
ware river, and feparated from Recdv
Ifland on. the eaft by a narrow channeC
It contains about 30 or 40 houfes, and
lies 50 miles below Philadelphia* Sec
Pftm and Reed;^ ^and.
PdRT Roytuizn ifland on the coaft of
South'Carolina, is feparated from the
main land on the weft by Broad river*
It confifts of about xooo aciies of excel-
lent land) and on it ftands the, town
of Beaufort. It has an n^ellent har-
bour, fufficieht to contain the largeft
fleet in the wwU. It is 6 leagues N.
£. \ E. of Tybee light-hoiife,. at th^
mouth of Savannah river. N. lat. 3a. 119
W. long. 80. 54. At Pert Royal En-
tranci it is higher water at Full and
change a qtiarter paft 8 o^dock.
Port Rcyaly m Nova Scotia* See
Annapolis RoyaL
Port Rojal, a poft-town of Virginia »
feated on the Ibtith bank of Rappahan-
nock river, in Caroline co. it is laid
out on a regular plan, and contains about
aoo houfts which make a handfome ap-
F f a pearanca,^
4|t ro^
in « clWtriwt, *»; fcr EnUbpMlimw*
ffMbyttrtan, nd Mtlhodab. Itk •«
M^ ftiild|..kift ttf rMdcriekAaif , 58
i'lmm tMMmm, tad ft«6 lbath*«>«ft of
rfhilMklphb. lf»ltt.|ft. 13.W.I1MC.
- P«>RTXQIM(;0lltlM8»Mtbfrilti(l-
iMd of jMiAkt, fgnmr ly ctHM fmrttt
A Gmm^, Mwe a {riuft of tkt gitatcft
"twalth Md hnpORiMt fo tht Weft-
laiiMi ii new rMtiMcd by rni«ttcd ca>
•bmitiM to s Ar<«ti, • ftw im<^ and
about aooho^es. It contaio^ boiiMl|Kr»
ikk royat navy^ytrd, for hcavii^ ^^n,
•nd K<«ttitiiK the hfaif^a diipa^ <tite
lUMd tiofbita^ and bJuTacka fer a
MgtMMnt«FMd|er<« The fbrtHI«tt{MM
kre kept in exftMlciit oidflr^ and vie in
ftramtli, it i» Mdi «ritk any fortrefk in
theJiitiaidomialoM; TfaecneHcnce
«f Iht hoeboari wid it»4kttation» were
lb alhiriM;, that it wu not until the
«bwtt had Scien ) tiilnet cnt&fehrdetroyed,
|(tiA by a tetribk aaidKDnke, the 9th
^ June 169ft \ then by a grrat fint, to
{ears after, and hiftlyi hy a hurricane,
I fyta, the anoft teitibfc on record)
Ikit the hihalAtantt could be prevailed
•noil, fo adinquifli thil ilUftted foot.
After this hft cafaunity, thnr refolded
Jo remove to the copofite fide or the Bay,
iMCKe they built JDMnfM, now the cap*,
tal ^ the Ifland. It the harbeiie of
ftet KoyaH viflcit of 700 tons can lie
€kfe atoig fliore. H. fait. if. 36^ W.
Imw. 7«.4S»
Po«T Mftdt a town and harbour in
the ifland of Martinico, in the Weft-
Indie* i which, with St. Peter*«, are the
'«hiefdaces of the iflind. N. Ut. 14,.
■$(. w. long. 61. 9.
Port Kwdt in theiflandof Otaheite.
- - Port A«Mrf, an ifland and harbour
ia the fimth'inift past of the Gulf of
Mexico, the botton of the Bay of
Cainpeachy. The harbour Is »S leagues
•8. W. by S. of Champetau} and the
jfland, 3 miles long and 1 broad, ^xs
«reft of the harbour.
' Poat St. Jtbiit a finall town i» tlie
province of Nicaragua, in N4:w-Spain,
at the mouth of a river on the N. Pa-
cific Ocean. The harbour is fafie and
ious, and is the fea- port of the city
teai
Leon, 30 miks to theS. E^
•Sft io* W. lonf, tf. .3!.
N. lat.
A > «>, JPfttClUOVTH^nKtropolisofNcw.
ton
iiampflilnk *»A die taifift tons tirth*
Staer, and iu only fta.port, is fitoaf.
cd about two milee irem the fta, on the
fouth ide of Pifttta^M fiver* It is
the fldr|tewnef Roelungham e6> and
ita h ai it tir i» one of thojliiiftttkdie
eonthMlK, having a (bficienl depth of
water fcr veftls- of any bwdcn. It is.
defended againft ftorma. by the adQaceat
land* i» M«h a. maMmtr^ as that ihipa
may fecursly ride diere In any feawft
of the yearr nor is it ever fimaen, by
.rciifon- of the ftrsngth of the cvmm^
and narrownefa of the channel. Be-
fides, the harbour is fo well fortified by
nature, that very liltlc ait ^ be nee^r-
fiiry to render it impretpMMe. Ita viei*
nity to the fea renderait very convenient
for naval trade* A light-heuie, with a
fingte light, ftands en Newcaftle Ifland»
at the c^raoee of the harbour, miat»
43. i' WMTth, and long. 70. 41. weft.
Shipa of war have been built herej;
among «thert, the America, of 74.guns»
launch^ November, i>7ts, and pretcniH-
ed to the king of Fhmce, bytbeConl
greft of the United States; PMtfmooth
contains about 64odwellinr.hoofes^ and
nearly a» many other bnildings, bcfides-
thofe for public ufe, which are 3 Con-
gregational chnrehes, tEpifcpal church,
I for Uflhrerialifts, a Statc-houft) a
marfcet.houfe, 4 fehool-houies,^ a work-
hoiife, and a bank. The exports foe
one year, ending September 30, 1794*
amounted to the value of 153,165 dol-
lars. A fettlcment was begun here in
s6s3, by Captain Mafon and other
merchants, among whom Sir F. Gorget
had a fharei Theydefigned to cany
on the fifliery, to make fait, trade with,
the natives, and otTpare lumber. As
agriculture was only a fecon^uy objed,
the fettlemcnt foiled. The town wa»
incorporated in 1633. It is 10 miles
fouthwcfterly of Yoik, in the DiftriH
of Maine, *% northerly Of Newbury.
Port, 65 N. N. E. of Bisftoa, and 41 k
N. E. by N. of PhiladelphM. .
PoKTSMOVTR, a towiifliip of good
land on the N. end of Rhode-Ifland»
Newport CO. containing 1,560 inhabit-
ants, including 17 flaves^ on tlie road«
foam Newport to BriftoL
PoRTtMOVTH, alinaU fea-porttown
of tt. Carolina, in CasteEel co. on the
N. end of Core Bank, near Ocr^cock.
Inlet. Its chief inhabitants are ftdiet;-
meaandpilets*
FORTSMOVTH,
pP
I POT
^ ^^(PotTmovTii, s pkaTMit. flottitti- '
bt^ MMl iwubrijr bilUt toM in Nor&ik
«9k VIrgin&i 6luaMa on tbe wtft fide
of 91iMb«th rivov cwofite to and i
niittdiftantfimnnoHokf iMlh which
/conftitute hut one fort of fpry. It
cMtaintthout too houfer* and i»70*
!inb«bitant«, ipiBlnding 6t6 ilave». It it
1 1 f niilet E. by S. of PeteHburg . and 300
ibutbarlyofThiladclphia. SeeMf^^A.
POftTiMOVTift a town on the JM.
W* fide of the iiland of i)ominica» in
the Weft-Indie«{ fituated on Prince
Kupert>fiavt lietween the ialt.work»
•Pd thecoaft.
Poet fwbaeft apofttown of Marjr
Jandi tad capital of Charles ^0. firuattxl
« Uttlc above tbe confincnce of two
Antll ftreams which form the crceii. of
ita naoae, which empties thiotigh the
V> bank of the Patownnc* at Thotnaa**
Pointf abopr 4 niilet below the town
It eontaint atwut So hmifee, and a large
Epifcopal church, hot in good repair,
nnd a warchoule f$t the inlpe^lton of
tobacco. In the wbiitv are the cele-
brated cold wateit l(f Mount Xfileiy.
It is 5* milei- S. W. of Araupolit,
9 from AUei s Frelb, S3 S. S. W. of
Baltimore, and it^ S. W. by S. of
Philad(4phia.
Portugal Ptiat. See Ttorttu,
PoRTVGUESB Apurita, or Brazil,
lies between tbe equator and the 3 sth
deeree of S. lat. and between 35 and 60 ,
W. lonj^. On the coaft are three fmall
iflands, where fhips touch for provifiont
on their voyage to the South Seas, viz.
ferttamitt St. BarberOt and Si. Catber.
iMis, See Brazil. Since the diicuveiy
of the mines of Bmil, that is, within
the laft 6e or 70 years, Portugal has
drawn from Brazil 1,400 million •f li-
tres, or 100 millions of pi undt fteiiing.
Beftdes thefe large fnms of money, ihe
receivea from Brazil large quantities of
cocoa, fugar, rice, tiain- oil, whale-bone,
coffee, and medicinal drugs.
POTATOB, a hay fo named, on the
8. coaft of the iflandofSt.Chriftopher's
Ifl3nd, in the Weft-ladies.
PoTOsi, a town of Pern, fituatcd in
the archbifliopric of Plat^t, and province
of l«os Cbarcos, 75 iniles S. £. of the
city of La Plata. The famous nwun- .
tain of this -name is known all over the
commercial world, for the iminenfe
quantities of filver it has ])rodiiced.
The mines in its vicinity are new much
TOU 4||
cokuftad* ak^h lUtt wnrriA t iil
the tosro which «ne« BianhK piiwm
inhaWtnntB» SpmiiM^a ui Mm»
(of which tht httsr lowyoM tkmt
four*fifths) does act now coaiito nM*
afpooo. The frMMil minta art in
the nortbam part of tna mo(nit«in» ud •
their dircMon ia frofa N. tot. Tl|i
moft intelligent iwoda «f Fero havt
obfcrvcd that this is the gin««l dl-
reftion of the Hchtft mmcs. The fiek)*
round Potofi nre cold, barren* ahd bcnr
little elfc than oats, which icldom ripcif*
|iut lire cut up and given fcr fonfr m
"the blade i and provifiona are braiight
here litnn the nM|AthoHrinf piwincea.
li i« 300 miles 8« E. of Am, lau at.
8. and long. 77. W.
Potties, a townflil^pof P<nnfylMi-
nia> fituatcd on Sufquehanna river. Sit
Ntrtbumberlaml Ceumy^ ,
PoTTiiESTOWM, in Hunterdon co^.
New.Jerfey, is about 5 miles E. of l«b,.
anon, and^jibout %z N. W.i^New-
iJruniwiel&
PoTTj^Wvi, » p<A«town of Penn-
fylvaniiTjMHtuitcd on the N. bank o£
Schuylkiliriver, ty iniles. S.E. of Jlead-
iUfkjind 37 N. W. of Fhiladelphia.
.'^PbvoHKBKrNB, a poft-town of
New-York, and capital of Duttbcfs co.
delightfully (Huated a mile from tbe E.
bank of Hndfon'a river, and containa E
number of neat dweUin^, a court<Jioufi|.
a church for Pre^terians,one for Epil-
conalians, and an academjr. Here ia
alio a prtnting.ofiice. It is about at
miles N. W. 6f Ptinbury, in ConneAi-
cut, €4 N. of New York city. Si S. of
Albany, and s 80 N. £. by N. of Phil»>
delphia. Tbe tpwniliip is bounded
fouthe^ly by Wtppinger^s Kill, or
Creek, and wefierly bv HtKUbn's river.
It contains t,s9^ inhwitants, including
419 ele&ors, and 190 flaves.
. PouLTEBY, a Imall river of Ver*
mont, which fil)s into Eait Bay* to*
Erther with Caftkton river, near Col«
yons's iron works.
PovtTNSY, aconfiderablcEiidfiour-
ifliing townihip of Rutland co. bounded
wcfterly by Hampton in New- York,
which adjoins Skeeniburgh 6n the weft.
It contains s,i*i inhabitant.
PouMAEON, or Ptmartn, a river on
the coaft of Surinam. S; Amtrica, whofe
E.point is Cape NaiTau, or Cape Orooge.
FOtJNDRiocE, a townlhip in Weft
Cbefter CO. Ncw-Yorkt bouxtded foutb.
Ffj eily
r4f4 >t) W
MrhjrtW8ttt««rcMiiMatMe, ctMr
'•m 9U&mA9 by Salami mi wdUrly by
BnUbid Md MahMMN rivwr. It con<
hSnt^oH lif«e.b)htbitanU| of whom
i4f 9if oMkort.
PowMtVtCmkt in the State of Tea-
mflee, rifin in PowcU*e Mountain, nine
8. weAcriy, and enter* Clinch river,
■thri^b it* northefn bank i jt mile* N.
B. ofKnoxville. It i* Ikid to be navi.
gable in boat* to mile*.
Pqwhatam, the ancient name of
Jame* river in Virginia.
- FowHATOv, a county of Vir|in2t«
bounded N. by Jame* river* which fepa-
ratM it from Goochland, and fouth by
Amelia co. It ha* it* nanM in honour
of the faroou* Indian king of it* name,
the father of Poeahonta*. It contains
<,taa inhabitant*tincluding4,3a5llavet.
The €mrt-lmf$ b the above county i*
a 7 mile* from Carterfville, lo from Cum-
berland court-hooftf and jio fromPhil-
adclphia.
PowNAit a flouriflibj; townfliipin
the fouthowcAleomer of VeroMnt, Ben>
niogton CO. fouth of the tOi^ of Ben-
nington. It contain* 1,746 ibhabitaiUa.
Mount Belcher, a portion of whttrflls
within the town of Pownal, ftandt partly
in s of the State*, 'via. New. York, Ver-
mont, and Maflachufttt*. MouhtAn>
thony, alio, one of the moft remarkable
mountain* in Vermont, lie* between thia
•nd Bennington.
PowNALBOROVGH, the fliire tow.,
of Lincoln co. DiftriA of Maine, is Atu-
ated on the eaft fideof Kennebeck river,
and ii a place of increafing importance,
and contains a Congreaational church,
fnd fevcral bandfomo qwdling-houfes.
The ilourilhing port and pQft-town
of Wifcaflet is within the townfliip
•f Pownalborough. This town was in<
corporated in 1760, and ctmtatns in all
«,055 inhabitants. It is 1 ) miles north
of Bath, so N. E. of Portland, 171 N.
by E. of Bofton, and 535 N. E. of Phil-
pdelphia.
Powow, a fn»ll river of Eflfex co.
Maflachufetts, which rifrs in KingOon
in New.Hampfliirc. In its courfe, which
i* S. E. it paflcs over feveral falls, on
which are mills of various kinds, and
empties into Merrimack river, 7 miles
from the fca, between the towns of Salif- '
bury and Amefbury, connected by a
convenient bridge, with a draw, acrofs
the river. It i* navigable a nu Ic from
p k E
It* mouth, and nuny vaAlaara b«Ui «■
it* bank*. See J < iiyl w w and Sa^kmy*
PoYAi*, a town of 'If. America,
fitoated on the weft ^e of Black river,
in thejMMrinee of Hondora*, about iib
miles ip W. W, of SeckloQf, Juki 55
fouth or Cape Cameron, *#hich fi^ma
the north point of the entrance of the
river in the Sea of Hondura*.
pRAiRii 4f Rothtr, b, wtheRoek
Mtadtwt, a fettlcmeM in the N. W.
Territoiy, on the eaft fide of the MiiR.
iippi ) fituated on the eaft fide ef a
mtam which empties into the Mififippi,
r» mile* to the louth. It la 1 s nik» N.
W. of Kaflcaflcias village, and 5 N. E.
byE.ofFortChartre*. About ao yean
ago it contained 100 wkiie t a h a b i ta nta
and to negroe*.
pRAiRiB, l«, a popukma little vil.
lage, with narrow dir^r ftreet*, on the
river St. Lawrence in Canada, it milea
north rf St. John, and 9 ibudwweft of
Montreal.
Praslin ?*rr, t* OR the N. fide of
the ifland* of the AvfiKidcs, in S. lat. ju
*5. E. long. fromPaiif 155. 3a. {du-
covered and entered bl M. de Surville,
Oft. II, 1769* The ifland* which form
thi* port are covered with tQte*, and at
high water are partly overfiowed. The
aitnil native* entrapped fome of Sur-
ville** men in an ambufcade, in confe-
quence of which 30 or 40 of the favagca
were kUi.d. The inhabitant* of thcA
iiuik!' are in general of the negro kind,
with black woolly hair, flat nofe*, and
thick lip*.
Prbscott, a fmall plantation in
Lincob) co. Diftrift of Maine, which^
tocether with Carr** plantation, ha* 1 59
inhabitant*.
Prb*^s //Zr, a finall peninfula, on
the fouth eaft Oioreof Lake Erie, almoft
due fouth of Long Point on the oppofite
fide of the lake} 15 mile* from Fort
Boeuf, and 60 N. by W. of Venango,
-on Allegany river., The garrifim a-
bout to be ere£lcd b^ the United Sutea
at Prefque Ifle, will be upoVi a very
commanding fpot, juft oppofite the en-
trance of the bay. The town conmnenccs
30 yards weft of the old firitifli fort,
leaving a vacancy of 600 yaids for a
militai7 parade and public walk. The
town, which is now building, will ex-
tend nearly 3 miles along the lake and k
mile bafk. It lie* in lat. about 4a,
to. N.
Prestoii,
Pit I
INmreir* t tmm in llcw.LiDadon
«0(i CoaMftlcnti < or I milM citft of
^ovwieb, front irhith it i« diviifad by
ShctuckM river. Tlie townAiip waa
iacorporatid in i6t7(aiid coRMim s»4S5
itihabitMUt wlio are cliictv fiiiincn.
Here art two Congregational churchca,
and a fiicietyof Sepimtifte.
PaisvuacvT, a fmall river of Cum-
berland CO. DiAriftof Maine, which ii
led by Scbaoooli Laltc, andemptiet into
Cafco Bay, eall of Porthnd. See C«/^0
PaiNOB Edward, a county of Vir-
ginia, between the Blue Ridge and the
tide>-watere. It eontaine t,ioo tnha>
bitante, including %^6 flavn. The a-
cademy in this county has been ercAed
into a college, by the name of ** Hamp-
den Sydney College." The court-houle,
at which « poft-oflice in Icept, i* a8
milet front Cumbeiiand court-houfe^
50 ftom Lynchbui|p, »Vd 3 s^ from Phil-
adelphia.
PaiNCK Edward** J/Ut, See iTaJb
Ugitk't Ifltt.
PaiMCi Vredirick, a pari(h in
Georgetown dittriA, 8. Carolina, con-
taining t,i3c inhabitants { of whom
S,4iS are whites, and 4»68] Hayes. It
fends 4 reprefentatives and one fena^or
to the State legiflature^
Prince Frederick, the chief town
of Calvert co. Maryland ; 3 miles fouth-
crly of Huntingtown, and 6 north-
^fterly of BenediA, by the road to
Mackaira ferry.
PR|NcaOB0RCB,apsrlfli of George-
town dirtriAf S. Carolina, cMitainIng
1 1,7<|» inhabitants % of whom 5,031 are
whites, and ^,651 d^ves. It lends 5
reprefentatives and one fenator to the
State legiflature^
Prince Ororci, a county of Vir-
ginia, bounded N. by James river, which
waflies it about 35 miles. The medium
breadth if similes. It contains 8,173
inhabitants, including 4,519 Haves ; of
this number 1,300 are refidents in
Blandford. There are 5 £pi 'copal
churches in the county, one meeting
for Ffiendf, and feveral Methodift meet-
ings. The Baptifts have occafonal
meetings, and to this fe£l the negroes
feem particularly attached. It \% a miit-
lul country, and abounds with wheat,
corn, flax, cotton, and tobacco. Cot-
ton here is a^i annual plant} and in
fummer) moft of tiie inhabitants appear
PR! 4IS
IB MtvfjWiiintaoi thalr oini MMnw^
turt. Tlia tinihtr ooniiia «f oak* ^
varioai ki»da» and of a good qWillhrb.'
AiiRcienc to boiM a fcnnldablv nav^t
and within a convenient diiaaoa of na*
vigatioH. It hat all the diflintnt (jptclta
known in the eaftem Statni and oHmi«
which do not grow than. Hera ia aHb
abundance of wiM grapn, flowtrinf
fhrubs, farftoarilla, UMka-r«ottand|^.
fcng. Apples are infMor in l^rit and
tafte to thoAe in the caAmi States } bnt
peaches have a flavour unknown in tboA
States. The almond and fig will grow
here in the oacn air, if attended to. Im-
menft quantities of pork and bacon ails
cured here, and indtcd form the prin-
cipal food of the inhabitant!. Veal ia
excellent} mutton indifferent t poulary
of every kind in ptrfiftion ami in ^
bundance. The whiter* are fhort and
generally pleafantj and the cuantiy
cannot be coiilidered as unheahhy.
Prince Georoe, a cotmty of Mai»
ryland, on the weftem fhore m Chela*
peak Bay, iituated between PatownMO
and Patuxent rivers, and is watered by
numerous creeks which empty into
thofe rivers. Thf eafiem comer of the
territory of Columbia, borders upon the
weft part of this couniy. It contain*
»i,344 inhabitants, of whom 11,17$
are flaves.
Prince OFWAtss, Coft^ is remark- .
able for being the moft wefterly point
of the continent of N. America, and the
eaftem limit of Behring's Straits, be-
tween Afia and America } the two con*
tiiients being here only about 39 milea
apart^ The mid channel has aS fa-
thoms water. N. lat. 65. 46. W«
long. 168. 15.
Prince of Wales, Arf, in New
North Wales, N. America, a faftMf
belonging to the BritiOi Hudfon's Bay
Company, on Churchill riyer. Tbf
mean luat here is it 7
Leafthcat 45
Greateftheat 85 '
It lies in lat. 58.47. 30.N.andk)ng.94.
7, 30.^ W.
pRi|iCE OF "W Klf^lffitmi, in the S.
Pacific Ocfin, is aboitt«6' leagues long,
and W. 10 S. diftant 48 leagues iiOHR
Otaheite, or ^ing George's liluid. b.
lat. 15. and W. long. 151; 53. at the
W. end. The variation of the needle
in 1766, was 5. 30. E.
Prince RuriRT's f^y* on the N.
F f 4 >^v
5-w
HI __
W. cmR •ftlwUlMd of DtMiiitct* one
•r the CviblMi IOmkIi, whcrathm h
omtUoit flitltflr from the winds. It is
.d«pi caMcioiMt and ftady, and is tht
frincipol boy in th« ifland. It it of
orant Mivuitim in tim* of a war with
FrwMt, M a 4e«t may hera iiitcrecpt all
tlMir Wei.Tndia trade. On this bay
ta fituatH the new town of Portrmouth,'
2. of whieh ia • cape called Prince
upert> HcMl.
PaiNci't Bay, on the S. fide of Sta>
in Ifland, in Ncw-York Sute.
iPaiNcita Ann« e maritime county
of Virginia, bo«uKled £. bv the Atlantic
Ocean, and W. bjr Norfolk co. It con-\
taina 7,799 ii*habitantt>.of whom s,aoa
Are flayet.
PRiMCiaa Ann, a poft-townof Ma
i7land, qn the eaftem fliore of Chela. •
jiieak bay in Somcrfet co. on the E. fide
•f Moiiokin river, 9 milea&E.ofBal-
'timore, and 17I $. by W. of PhiladeU
pbia. It contain \boutaooinhabitantt.
PniNCiiTON, a townfliip of Maiii-
chufetti, in Worcefter CO. ijimileaN.
hr Weft of Worctlter, and sa W. by N.-
M.Bofton. The townfliin contains
19,000 acres of elevated nilly, but
Arong, and rich land, adapted to grafs
and grtin. Ekcelknt beef, budtter, and
gheek, are ita principal nrodudiont.
The manTion.liouie and farm of his
Honour Lieut. Govenior Gill, one of
the moft elegant fituations, and fineft
ftrms in the commaowealth, it in this
town, and adds nnich to its ornament
and wealth. A handfome Congrcgatioml
churcli has lately been ereAetU on a high
hill, and commands a moft extenfive and
jrb;h profpeA of the Airrounding country.
Wachul'ett Mountain, the moft noted
in the State, is in tlie north part of the
jpowndiip. Here, at in many other
towns, it a valuable focial librar/.;
4Prmceton waa incorporated in 1759,
Mdconuina 1,016 inhabitahtt.
PR||»C«T0K» a poft-town of New.
Jei%, fituatcd partly in Middlefex,
jMid partly in Sonierlet eoumice. Naf.
iku Hall College, an inftitution which
liat pnxiuced a great numlwr of emi-
nent fcholart, it very pleaiantly fituated
dn the compa£l part or this town. Here
«re aboor So dwd'ing-houlet, and a
brick Vrefl>ytcpsin church. The col-
4ej[e eiiftce is a handfome ftone build-
ing, of I to feet by 54, four ttories high,
.ttd ftanda on an elevated and healtli>
IP"
All fpott and
anddelifl
mi
a tn MMlivv
Ughtful profpeA. Theeftablift^
in.1796, eonfiAed of a prafident,
who it alfo profeflbr of moral philoAi.
phv, theolugyi natural and nvealed y
Kiftory, and e)M)ueoce { a profVlhr of
mathematica, natural phttoibahy, and
aftronomy{ a profcflbr of chymiftry^
which fttbjcA ta treated b w< fi <n c e to
agriculture and numu^bftaret, as well as
medicine 1 bcfidcs thefts two tutors
have the iaJbuAiua of the two loweft
claflTes, The choice of the clafTical books,
and the arrangement ^f the feveral
branches of education, of the lectures,
and of other literary cxercifrs, are l'uch„
as to sive the ftudcntt the beft oppor.,
tunity for improvement, in die whole
Encyclopedia of fcience. The number
of (hidenttia from 70 to 90, belidea the
grammar fchool. The annual income of
the college at prefent, by the fees of the
fludents, and otherwifc, it abottt ^1000
currency a year. It hat, befides, hinda^
iffpoflemon, through the extraordinary
liberality of Mr. Jamet Leflie, of Nev*.
York, and Mrt. Efthell Richaidt bf
Rahway, totbeamount of io,eeo dolls,
for the Cilucation of poor and pious
youth for the mpiftry of the gofpel i
and the reveriion of an eftate in Phila-
delphia for the fiune purpofe, of between
too and ^300 per annum, a legacy of
the late Mr. Hush Hodge, a man of
eminnit piety, wnich it to eome to the
college at die death of a Very worthy and
aged widow. ' The collwe library waa
almoft wholly deftroyed during the late
war I but out of the reifiaiiit of that,
and by the liberal donation! of feveral
gentlemen, chiefly in Scotland, it haa
colIeAcd one of about »,}eo voiumet.
There ase befidetthta, in the college,^
two librariea belonging to the two lite-
rary focietiet, into which the ftudentt
have arranged themfclvea, of about i ,000
volumea ) and the library of the prefi-
dent, confifting of 1,000 volumes more,
is always open to the ftudmts. Before
the war, this college was fumilhed with
a philol'ophical apparatus, worth ^500,
which (except the elri(ant orrery con-
AniAed by Mr. Rittenhouft:) was almoft
entirely deftroyed by the Britifli army in
the hue war. Pi in'ceton is i* miles N.
E. of Trenton, 18 S.W. of Brunfwick,
53 S. W. of New- York, and 41 N. E.
of Philadelphitr. N. lat. 40. aa. is.
W. kwg. 74. 34* 45* . ^
PillNCSTON«
CO.
ptUloftJ
■vcaitdt
fVliprof
•y. j»d
rtnct to
• wwUm
tuton
ioweft
Ibooki,
fcfcrii
ftieh.
1
YKO
VMUCtroH, ft flmll poi|.is«n of
||> CaraiiM, s nUn from MorfrMbo
loagb, tffroaiHftUliWf and 419 from
pbiMfflphia,
Fungi WitUAM, « amntfof Vir.
ginia, boondeft W* by Fiu|uicr, and K.
by PiUowmac river, which divide* it
from Maryland. It comaint 11,615
(uhabitanta, of whom 4,704 are flavet.
Pftf NCI WaUAM, a parifliin ficau*
litrt diihriA, S Carolina,
PftiNCi WrtLiAM'a Stmul, fituatcd
on the N. W. icoaftof N. America, lie*
raftward of the mouth of Cook** river.
At it* mouth arc three ifland*, Monta-
go*, Rofe, and Kay. It was judged by
Ofrtain Cixilc toocr -^y a demree and a
ji«lf of latitude, and two of longitude,
cxcluHve of ita arm* and branch**,
which were not explored.
Pro. %f Poitit U Pr»,
P« o*r eCT ) Kranktort, U thcDllMft
4>f Main, is now To called. It adfoin*
Buckfton on'Penobfcot river, and i* 16
mile* below Orrington.
Proipict Hariour, on the S. coatt
of Nova- Scotia, ha* Cape^amhro and
l(l.ind enltward, ami ia a league* N. E.
oi St. Margaret' !> Bay.
Protictworth, a townfliip in the
northern part of Chefliire co. New-
Hampshire. It wa* incorporated in
1769, and contains no inhamtant*.
Providence, a river which falls
Into Narrapniet bay on the W. fide
of KItode iQand. It rife* by feveral
branche*, part of which ccnne from
MafTKliufett*. It i* navigable as far as
Pi'uviJ. nee for (hips of 900 tons, 30
Diilefe from the fea. It aiffbrd* fine fifii,
oyllers, and lobfteri.
Providence, a county of Rhode,
liland State, bounded by Maflkchufetts
}i. and £. ConneAicut W. and Kent
CO. on the (buth. It contains 9 town-
fliips, and a4,?9i inhabitants, incliuling
^x Have*. It* chief town i* Providence,
nhd the town of Scituate i* famou* Ixir
its excellent cannon fbundery.
PROVJDBNCE, the chief town of the
nliove county, lituated 3omile* N. by W.
^ W. from Newport, and 35 from the
ka ; feated at the head of navigation of
NarraganTet Bay, on both fides of Provi-
ticiice river the two paiti of the town
being connected by a bridge 160 feet
long and xi wide. It i* the oldrft town
in the State, having been fettltd by
itoger WilUama and bis company in
* FRO 4fF
lonf. 71. fti.W. 4«. inUnt. WW. «f
Boftoii, and a9t nonh-ntk^irmM/k
phU. Ship* of almollMyflMflilli^
and dowii tht cbannil, which isiHlrlM
out by take*, tnBM at poimiiof |Im1»
and bed* lying in the river, h that •
Aranger may come up to the io«(ni wMi.
out a pilot. A fliip of 950 toiia» for th«
Eaft.India traie, wa* Ifttci, ' utif in thi4
town, and fitted for lea. In 1764, theiV
were bckn^ing to the county of Proviu
dene* 54 liiil of veflel*, contaimag4 js*
tun*. In 1790, there were 1*9 veinlk,
containing 11,94* tons. Thia towa
fuifefed much by the Imlian war of 1 6750
when a number of it* inhabitant* iv-
moved to Ahodclfland for Ihelctr. Ia
the hue war, the cale wa* reverftdi
many of the inhabitant* of that ifland
removed to Providence. The public
buildinga are an elegant meetiiig-hi^r
for Baptlft*, to ktt tquare, with a l' '
and beautiful lieeple, and a large bell cai
at the Hope Fumate in Scituate i a meet*
ing-houle for Friends and Q^uakcn ) % kit
Conoregatiaoalitts* one of whkb, lalclf
efcAed, is the moft elegant perha|i* in the
United State* ) an Eiulieopal church | a
handfiune court- houw, 70 feet by 40, in
which is depofited a library for the fife
of the inlflibitant* of the town andcotm-
try; a work-houfe| amarkft-hotife, So
feet long and 40 wide, and a brick Ichool
houfe, in which 4 fchooU are kept.
Rhode- Ifland college is ettabliflied at
Providence. The elegant buiMing c-
re&ed for it* aceoiDmodation, i* fituatcd
on a hill to the eaft of the town { ana
while it* elevated fituation render* it de-
lightful, by commandingan rxtenfive Ta-
liegated profpeA, if fumiflie* it with a
pure, falubiiou* ain The edifice i* of
brick, 4 ftorie* high, 1 50 feet long, and
46 wide, with a proje^ion of lofcet each
tide. It has 48 room* for Rudents,and t
larger ones tor public ufe*. The roof ia
fiated. It i* a flouriOiing feminary, pad
contain* upward* of 60 ftudent*. It liaa
a library containing between 1 and 3O00
volumes, and a valuable philofophieal.
aup.n-atus. The houles in this town are
(generally built of wood, though there
are fome brick buildings which am
large and eirganf. At a convenient
diltance from the town, an hofuilal for
tile fmalUpox and other difeafes ha* been
erefled. There are two fperroaceti
woi ks, a numbei[ of diftillcrie*, Aigar>
hoitii;*^
#
writ km mn ml lnl in md mtr Uw
•mm Aictag tht WW, whkbt bownrrMr*
■itMllwpikirfMar. Itliiim««tfln>
|ft trait with MnAMlmAtiii CokWN.
ticttti wd ptrt of Vtrmont i with tlit
WfA*bdit0» with Ewwpt, «nd litdv
vMi tiN Bal^.Iadin smI CiiiM. A
VMJiliMalfelMNncftMUiilMdhiirt, tnd
• cotton nMnufiiftoryi wliich cmployi
MM ImmIsi witii whicii it coMMtttd a
will far Ibimiing cotton, on the modtl
nf «ir R. Ariiwrinhfa miU. It it eivA.
«A It Ptwtnekcl Falla, in N(irth.Provi-
4Mm, tud U the firit of the kind built
InAincrico. TiMcxporit for one year,
ending Sent. soi* i ?Hi Mnoonted to the
indM of 04s,)7t doilan. It contoina
4»lto inlwbitanie» including 4I flavee.
Providinci» Ntrtkf a townAipof
Bhode-Iiandi in Providence co. north
town of Providence I fouth of
tteld, and ftparatcd from the State
«f Mafiehnfttta on the caft bv Paw.
tncket river. It containt 1071 inhabi*
tante, including f flavee.
PnoviDiNCit a townOiip of New<
York) fituated inSaratoga countv, taken
fiomOalwayt and incorporated in 1796.
PnoiriDiNCii Upptr and L$weft
.townfliipainOclawanico Pennfylvania.
PnoviDiNCit a townfltip In Mont<
gomery co. Pennfyhrania.
PnoviDiNCifOne of the Bahama If-
landa* and the Acond in fitc of thoft To
oalled I being about 36 milea in Icnsth
and 16 in breadth. N. lat. t^. j8. W.
kwm;. at ita eaft part. 77. si. It waa
formerly called J6aet,anA it frt<^uently
named Hfui Frtvidttice, Chiettowni
Maffiu.
PnovioiNCB, an uninhabited ifland
«n the coaft of Hondunt, 1 1 milet lone
and 4 broad. It hat a fertile foiH
wliolefome airf and plenty of water j
and might be cafiiy fortiAed. It it &•
parated from the continent by a narrow
channel. He are neither ferpentt nor
vtEnomoua reptiiea. N. lat. 1 3. s6. W.
loiiK. lo. 45»
rnoviNCli an ifland in Delaware
river» 6 milet below Philadelphia. It
it joined to the main land by a dam.
pRoviNCS-ToWN it fituated on the
hook of Cape Cod» in Barnftable co.
Mafl!tchnicttt» 3 milet north-weft of
Race Point. I:t harbour, which it one
of the beft in the State* opcnit to the
Ibothward, and hat depth of water for
PUB
My4ilM, Uria waa tha Mt fm'4nm
ttrid by the BmNAi wIm tliqr tana
to Attle in New-invlandf In i«ao. It
haa been in a thrivUig and daaaying
ftatc many thnec. It la now riflns. aiM
•oniaina4S4 Inhabltante | whoft ftit da-
pendenoa la upon the codt-flAiery, hi
which they empkjr to fail, great and
flnalU Ten ci their vcflSelt, in i79«,
took 11,000 quintali of oed>Afli. They
an fo exoert and fltccelaful that they
have not loft a veflel or a anan in the
hufinelk, flnce the war. The heufcv, in
number about 90, ftand on the inner
fide of the ^ape, fronting the ibutb-eall.
They are one ftory high, aiul fet upon
pilet, that the drivinv ilindt may pafli
under them | otherwire they wouM be
buried in land. They raift nothing
from their ianda,l>utare wholly dtpen*
dent on Bofton, and the tuwnt in the vi-
cinity» for every vegetable proouAlon.
There are but s horfea and t yoket of
oxen kept in the town. They have a-
bout 50 cowt, which fnA in the Ipring
upon beach graft, which growt at inter J^
vale upon Uie iliore} and in fummer
they teed in the funken ponda and
marfliy ulacea that are found l}ttween
the fandJiilla. Here the cowa are feen
wading, and even fwimming, plunging
their kcadt into the water up to their
hornt, picking a fcanty fubiiltcnce from
theroott and herba, produced in the
water. They are fed in the winter on
rdjK, cut from the flata.
PftVCRBoa, a cape on the coaft of
New.Spain, in the South Sea.
Prudence, a (mall ifland, nearly a|
large at Canonnicut, and lict N. ot it,
in Narraganliet Bay. It bfelon;;a to the
town of Portiinouth, in Newport co.
Rhode-Iflan*!. The noith end 10 nearly
opixifite to Briflol on the eaft fide ot the
bay.
PvAN, or Gnm B*yt hat communi-
cation eaftwaixl with Lake MkbigtMy
which fest alfo Crtm Bttf,
PvkBLAnB LoaANoBLOB,thepre.
fent capital of the province of Tlafcala,
or Loa Anfrclot. See Angthi,
Pueblo NuEVO, or Ntvaovtm, at
the bottom of the gulf of Dolce, on the
W. coaft of Mexico. It it 7 leaguet N.
by W. of BaiaHond«,orDeepBay. The
ifland of thit name it oppofite the town
and month of the river of itt name, in
the bottom of Fnefli Water bay, in Int.
about t. 50. N« and long. iy. aS. W.
Puerto,
••• It
"i3
FITH
VvitTt. ttit ItiltaB Mmw IW rtrl.
HMnw ff thlt dhftriprton, adMCjil by
Ibt Ipmiafdii will bt finmd MMtr fart
FvM Af M Mind mar tilt t^ty of Ottjr*
■quMi on tho cooft of Ponit oMut lo or
14 Iwf uei long from Et le Wt and 4 or
Sad. Thara la an Indian town of'tha
name, on ita fiwth fidti having
to huMfta* and a finall church.
The houica all ftand on poAa 10 or it
(iNt highi with laddara en the OHrfidc
to |o up to them^ from thaMand San-
ta Clara i-i the bay of Ouyaquil to the
wcftcrmoft point of the ifland, called
Punta Arena, is 7 leaguei N. N. B. 8.
lat. 3.17, W. liNig.fi. 6.
- Pviijo Bmjit in Eaft-Florida, 8ce
MM Btn*
,.^ NTA ran, one of theburceft batte>
ri«a or oftlet, and the fecondin order,
at the mouth of the harbour of the Ha>
yannah in thaJSaod of Cuba. It it al.
fo called MdldffMariai or the Virgin
Mary'aTabll,
Punta, and Pvnta Brava, towne
of Mexico. Sec A^tht.
Punta db PaoaAi, a cape on the
north-weftem extremity of the peninfu*
Ja of Yucatan, in New-Spain
•fiyetiMidfaig^ md anwtttcalkilb
ftUrpaU ictjwtltttti^arfllkr^
FtrrAwaTAMia, or ftmmnmk^
IndiMM, wbo Inhabit batwam ft. ti.
ftph*a and Detrplt, nd can IWatfli ft.
fM warnora. Tbavi ira tup
Pif NTA EspADA, the S. E. vmm^
so|A5rea|be#
following the turnings of the coaft, ealt
the ifland of St. Dominso 1 A5 1
ward of Nifao, and 16' Jeaguea from
Cape Raphael.' The fouth-eaitem part
of the ifland confifts chiefly of exteniive
rich plains.
PvNTA GoRDA, a peninAila on the
fouth fide of the ifland of Cuba, S. E.
of Ifle de Pinos, 90 weft of the gulf
of Xagua, and 70 eaft of Bohia de
Cortes.
PvNTA Nbgrillo, the weftem
point of the ifland of Jamaica.
PvaipiCATiON, a town of New-
Mexico, 14. leagues from the weft coaft,
and maintains a fifliery near the low
lands of Cbametla.
PuKYSBVRG, a handfome town of
S. Carolina, fit uated in Beaufort diftri A,
on the eaftein fide of Savannali river,
37 miles from the ocean, and so from
tlie town of Savannah. It contains be-
tween 40 and 50 dwelling-hoiifes, and
an Epifcopal church. It tooic its name
from John Peter Pury, a Swiit, who let-
tied a colony of his countrymen here
about the vear 1733, with a view to the
culture ot filk. Ihc mulbcrry-treea
tribea of tbia aanw* the out «l the £
vcr of St. joAph, and the etbfr of ml.
ron. They were hitely hoAiki bi|
at the treaty of OrMnville, AMmft «.
I795* tlMV ^fldfd landf to theyntea
Stntea 1 who in return pldd them • Ank
in hand, and cngagfd to mt them |b
gooda to the value of \m daUwiii
yearforevcr.
PuTNBYit • thriving ttfwn in Wbi^,
ham CO. Vermont, on the weft fide i^f
ConneAicut rirer, fouth of Weftaiiv
Her. Inhabitant! il^S.
alTADRAS IJUt, on the N. W,
coait.ot'N. America, lie betweea
PIntard's Sound and rhe Strnita de Puca.
Nootka Soimd Ilea among tbelb illanda.
In 1791, twoSpnnifti Arhooners, v nd hit
Brittannic Majcfly'ii fliip Difcovery, and
hripntine Chatham, paflixl through tbia,
channel) but the former firft) henco
Capt. Ingraham called the illes by tht
name of the Spanifh commander.
QjrAMPBAOAN FaUst at the head of
the tide on Newichwanocr: rivaiV
which joins Pii'cataqua river 10 mlW
from the Tea. The nativea give d»
Faila this name, bccaufe fifli was tbena
taken with nets. At thefe falla are a
fet of faw and other miUa ) and «
landing place, where great fljintitiea of
lumber is rafted on fcows. Here tht
river has the Englifli name of Salmon
Falls river, from the plenty of fldrooa
there caught. In the memory of pro*
pie who lived 50 years ago, theft fifli
were fo plenty aa to be ftrucfc «^th
fpears on theroclcs ; but none now alive
remember to have feen any there. Th«
law mills where the dam croflea tbo
fti-eam are the fure deftniAion of that
fpecies of fifli. Tom-cod or froft- fiih,
Imelts and ale- wivea abound here. The
pl.ice called Salmon Falls is covered
with uleful mills. Above thefe wf
meet with the Great Falls, where faw^
mills aie continued to great advantage.
On many piaoea from Q^ampegan to
tho
If'
\-
nil iioacl, from wbcBce it iiMt, sit
nttlt for boinls and con*
QtfAKift Tovrn, in Back's co. Rmn-
'lyivwOa, lin %s miln N. W. of New-
town, and %itL N. W. of PhihdclphU.
^ QSAtiqivA, > piace fituatcd in the
OnlTof Daricn. Heii» Va^ow Nunet
met with tcokmjr of negroM} but how
they had arrived in that region, or how
long they had refidcd in it, are not re*
coi^ by tlie Spanifh hiAorian».
QvBBSCf the capital, not only of
Lower Canada, but of all Biitifli
America, ^|i;^ated at the confluence
of the river* St. Lawrence andT St.
Charkt, or the Little river, about 310
- milis from the fea> It is built on a rock,
which U partly of marble and partly of
flate. The towc. is divided into t/fftr
and Lmvtr. Near it it a fine lead mine.
This city contained in the year 1784,
€47* inhabitants. At the time when
the city was founded, in j6o8, the tide,
it is faid, reached the foot of therock y
but fince that time the river has funk
jfo far, that a large fpot of gr<^und is left
dry, and o<t this a large fubuib is built,
which is flyled the Lonver Tbrtw, which
' ftauds at the foot of a rocky precipice,
about 48 feet high. The houfes in the
lower town, fat alfo thofe in the Upper)
are of ftone, nroi^gj and well built, and
chiefly inhabited by merchants, being
conveniently near their bufinefs. The
fortifications are extenfive but irregular.
The natural Gtuation of the town ren-
ders its defence eafy. Tf attacked by
fliips from the river« their gtms cannot
injure the works of the upper town,
though the (h ^>s themillves wouUl be
liable to gn — ' ' "v from the cannon
and boml^^from ttit-re elevKted ram-
parts. The lower town b tlefrnded by
;. platform flanked with two bnftions,
'princh at high water and fpring tides
arc almuft level with the furt'ace of the
'«>atb^^ A little above the baftion, to the
itgiit, is a half baftton, cut out of the
rock) a little higher a large battery}
and higher ftili a iigiuare foit, the moft
regular of all the fortifications, and in
wmch the Governor reCdes. The paf-
fages which form a communication be-
tween thefe works are extremely rug-
ged. The fock which Separates the
vpper from the lower town, extends,
Wiih a bokl and fteep front, a confuiera-
ble diflance weft ward, along the river
St« LaarcBcc The lower towa it well
CLUE
r^ppUed witk mtcr, which is fbuMtimn
fcarcc in.the«^p«r town. This citf
was befiMcd mr the Britifli in §711,
^ithdut fuccels} but was tak^ by
them in Septfmber, 1759* when the
brave Gen. Wolf, wdio commandiBd the
army of befiegcrh lefk his life, Iji Oe.
cember, 1775, it was attacked by the
Americans miidcr the command of the
brave Genera} Montgomery, wMiksras
(Uin, and his army rcpulfcd. N. lat.
46. 4t. S9* W. longf. 71. IS. 6.
QSftkCHY, a river of Vermont, which
empties into Connefticut river at Hart-
land.
Qj/BBK Anmb, a fmall tovint of
Prince Georee co. Maryland, fituated
on the W. fide of Patuxeot river, acrofs ,
which a wooden bridge it built. The
town is fmall, but is faud out in aitipriRr
plan, at the foot of a hill. Hen are
a few ftores and two ware-houfes for
the infpeftion of tobaeeo* It is about
22 miles E. N. E. oCthcrteity of Walh.
ington, 13 S. W. of Anmuolis, and to
S. by W. of Baltimore.^ \
QuBEN Annb% a CO. of Maryland,
bounded wefterly by Chefapeak Bay,
and N. by Kent co. It contains 1 5,463
i u^i tants, including 6,674 flavea.
CMPr town, Cciitcrville. Kent Ifland
bemtgs to this county; 14 miles in
length, fromN. to S. and 6^ in breadth,
from E. to W. It is low, but fertile
land, and its eaflera fide i« bordered
with fait maifh.
Qj/EEN Cbarhtte's J/UmJst oa the N.
W. coafl of N. America, extend from
lat. $1. 4t. to 54. 18. N. and firem
long. 119. 54. to 133. 18. W. from
Greenwich. They are named Wa/hiHg-
ten Ijlej by American navigators.
Queen's, the middiecounty of Long>
Iflancl, New-York. Lloyd's Neck, or
Qi^cen*t Village, and the iflands called
the Two Brothel's and Hallett's Iflandr,
are included in thit county. It is about
30 miles long, and 1 1 broad, and con-
tains 6 townfhipt, and 16,014 inhabi-
tants, including s,309 flaves. Jamaica,
Newtown, Hampflead, in which is a
handiinne coiirt-lwutc, and C^fter-Bay,
are the principal iowns in tVtls co^mty.
The county court-boui'e is Z miles from
Jamaica, 10 fcom Jericho, and ao from
New- York,
Queen's, a county of Nova- Scotia,
comprehending a pait of the lands on
the cape, on ths S. fide of the B^y off
^%. Fti'
Mtimn
it cbjr
»7ii,
91 by
en the
Jfxlthe
InDc
by the
of the
.which
Hart.
01
Wmif* The ftwlilliti ire n fcAkmt
AtgfK, on the £ra»W«dc 0^ tlMJ|«r «(
FuiMy» whcfc a few Scotch and; Aea-
diam ftTitle t nrac to this, it Yarmouth,
iittled diicfly by enuftiantt from New-
Enrland } Barringtoiki wKhin the iflaml
«MlIed Cape Sabk, (ettkd origioally
by Qgakers from Hantucket. Be-
fidea tbefe ara Port Railbir, fi> called by
the French, and originally icttled by
the North Iriih; LiTrrpool and Port
jRofeway, fettled and inhabited by emi-
gcMita from New'Rngland.
Q^BIMSBVUY, a townlhip in Wafli'
ingtonco. New- York, bounded eaAerly
by Weiiield %ndKmgfl»ury, and fouth-
arly by Albany county. It contains
i,oSo inhabitants, of whom laa are
clenorsr
QjrBBNSTOWN, in Q^een Ann's co.
Maryland, a fmall town on the cafterh'
iide of Chcfter rivcr^ 6 miles fouth-weft
•f CentcrviUe, and nearly ao £. of An-
aapolis.
QSBENSTOWM, in Upper Canada,
lies on the weft fide of the btraita of Ni-
agara, near Fort Niagara, and 9 miles
above the falls.
OVESMB, Fart du. See Pktjbmrgb.
QyiBBfcBTOWN, a village \n Mid-
dlleiex cc<. New-Jericy, 6 miles north of
N«w-Brufwick.
QuiBO, an ifland in the mouth
of the bay of Panama. It is uninha-
bited; but affords wood and. water to
Aiipping.
(^ILCA, a rich vaHey in Peru, on
whicR ftands the ancient city of Are-
4|uipa. The port of Quika is in about
lat. 17. 8. fouth, 10 leagues north-weft
of the fmall river of Xiuy, and 6 from
tlic volcano of Arequipa.
QuiLtOTA, a fmall jurifdiflion of
Chill, in S. America.
QuiNABAUG, a river foimerly called
^(Hitfjfais, which rifet in Brimfield, Maf-
fiichufetts, and is joined at Oxford by
French river, which has its fouroe in
Sutton, Wurceftcr co. It runs n^fjUK^
therly courfetand empties into ShctBcl et,
about three miles above Norwicli.i^|Bd>i
ing, in Connecticut. ^^
Q^iNcr, a poft-town of MaflTachu-
ietts, in Norfolk co. taken (Vom Brain-
tree, to miles foutherly of Bofton, 9
weft of Hingham, and 360 north-eatt
of Philadelphia^ In this town, is the
ieat of the prefrnt Prcfident of the
Ibuttd SatM. Sec BraiMrn.
(IviMBrAVOB, or Aj/if ttiwrt in
Connecticut, runsk foutherly courfe.
and empties into the i|orth-caft comer ot
New.Htvcn harbour. ' • . ,.
QvtiisioAM'^iiP, Wmt^t or hm
PtM, is a bcaiiL<«l piece of water ivwi
form of a crefeent, about >| miks hi
length and from <o to !•• sods broad.
It is iituated on ibe line between the
towns of Worceftcr and Shrewfbarya
but the greater part ot it is in the latter.
It is interfperled with a aorobcr of
iAands, one of which is upwards of aoo
acres in extett.
QuispicHANCHi, a jurifiiiftkMi hs
the aiocelie of Cdfto, and kingdona
of Peru^ b^ianing at the fimth-gatea
of Qiiito, and ftretdiing firom em t»
weft about «o leagues. - The lands of
this jurifiltHion belong, in eenval, tm
the gentry of Cufcojaml prMuce plait3r
of wheat, maize and firnits* Here as*
alfo mannfiiSures of baize and coarl*
woollen ftuifs. Part of the jurifBiftiott
borders on the forefts inhabited hf
wiki Indi^Ois, and^froduces gieat quaa>
tities of coc(»| in herb greatlv uftA
by the Indians^orking ia the nuaes.
Q27ITAPAHILLA, a branch of the
Swetara, which falls kilo the Sefque*
haiinah at Middleton.
Quito, a province of Pern, in S. A*
merica, having an exceedii^ temperate
air, oceafwned by its clevatM fituation*
The plain of Qnito may be confidered
as the bafe of the Andes, and is higher
above the Tea t'^an the tup of the Pyre,
nees in Europe. It is pretty well cultij.
vated, and the towns and villages are
populous; and the northern parts a-
bound with goM. The province is- a-
bout4.oo mites lor^ and 200 broad. Ita
chief towns are i^ito and Payta.
Quito, chief town intl^above pro.
vince, is next to Lima in |0pulation, if
not fttporior to it. Seme authta'S lay it
contains 7 5,000 inhabitants. It is'^an
inhnd city, and having no mines in its
neighbourhood, is chiefly famous for
its manufa£lure8 oi cotton, wool, and
flax, which lupply the kingdom, of*
Pei'u. South lat. 0. 13. weft long.' 77'.
50. It was I'vval lowed itp by an earth-
quake, April 14, 1755, 3"^ has bees
' rebuilt.
QuiVA, a province of California,
thinly inhabited, and but little knowi|.
Qj;ixos, a diftt id of Pcfu^ia. South-
America.
RABY»
'^W^^
i > ' VV
It A I
R
RABY, • fmaU townfliip of N.Hamp>
flrii«t in HilllboroUffh eo. about 65
Milct W. by S. of Port7raouth> ami 47
H. "W. of Bofton. It wa» incorporated
■n >76o» and contains 33-8 inhabitants.
RikCB, Cii|^, the 8. E. point of New-
Ibwdlmd IAamI» in the N« Atlantic O.
ceftBy4 kagues fouth of Cap6 Ballard.
N. lMv44* 43k W. long. 54. 49* The
V&ftn lUtdts, much dreaded by mari-
■era, we about so leagues to the ^. E.
vfCkpeRace.
JRaob Pmtitt the nonh-weftem ex-
ticmity of Cape Cod, Maflkchufctts, a
Jeagoe K. W. of Provincetown. Whqi
wimin a mile of this point, with a fair
'windand tide oftfbod, yourcourfe to
Bofton is N. W. by W. diftance 15
kagues. A number of huts are ercAed
hut on the lodfe fands by thofe who
come from Provincetown to fiOi in
boats.
Radnor, a fma^pleatant town of
IMaware co. Penufyl#ipta. This place
was originally called Jlittftel, by the
Dutch, who began to build here.
Radnor, a town of S. Carolina, to
miles 8. W. of Edmondfliury, and 3a
M. E. of Puryfburg.
R400BD HarbtuTf on the eaft coaft
of Newfoundland, is a part of Catalina
Bay. Many eraggy rocks lie about the
entrance of it, both within and without)
fi» that it is very dangerous to enter. It
is a leagues northward of Catalina har-
bour. There is good water at the head
of the harbour.
Raimond, a cape on the fouth fide
of the (buth peniniula of the ifland of
St. Domingo ) t leagues- weft of Point
Baynet inxl ti weft of Cape Mare-
chaux. I^tlit the cove Petite Anfe on
the eaft, and that of Breiiliere on the
wen.
Rainy Ifiand Rivtr, a (mall river of
♦he N. W, Territory 5 having a north-
weft courfe, and empties into Illinois
river, about halfway between the Little
Rocks and Illinois lake, and 155 miles
from the Mifliiippi. It is 1 5 yards wide,
and is fiavtgable 9 miles to the rocks.
Rainy, or lu^ l.ak*t lies eaft of the
Lake of the W(wds, and weft of Lake
Stiocrior. It it faid to be nearly leo
■liMs long, and in so part j^t« »o
miles wide.
'■■■ ^-'1
KAiiiOM, WWrttait Mt 6f •«;
ferimsot of N. CSirolina} fituated lit
Wain CO. about 10 miles from Wake
court-Houfe» In December, 1791, the
gendai aflianbly of the Stata apj^pri.
ated ^10,000 towards ere^tjilg public
buiklihgs, and named it after Uie cele-
brated Sir Walter Raleighi under whofe
direction the firft fettlemcnt in N. Ame-
rica was made at Roanoke Ifland, in
Albemarle Sound. The ftate-boufe,
a large handfome buiUing, has bem
lately finiihed, and coft ,^6ooo< Seve-
ral other buildings have been erefted,
and a number of dwclling-KBufes. The
fituation is healthy. Its remotenefs
from navigation is the greateft disad-
vantage. It is 61 miles north by eaft^
of Fayetteville, 147 from Peterft>urg in
Virginia, and 448 fouth-weft of Phila-
delphia.
RamaOa, a maritime town of Gra*
nada, in S. America. Near it is a cop-
per-mine. N. lat. ii.io,W.long.7s.so«
Ramsay's Mi/is, in N. Carolina*
are fituated %t the confluence of Deep}
with the north-weft branch of Cape Fear
river; about 35 miles fouth-wenerly of
Hillfborough, and 55 S. E. of Guild-
ford court>houfe.
Ranai, one of the Sandwich Iflands>
in the North Pacific Ocean, north of
Tahoorowa, and north-weft of Mowee
and Owhyhee. It has about s4,ooo in*^
habitants. It abounds witL yams,
fweet potatoes, and taro, but has few
plantains or bread-fruit trees.
Rancheira, atown of Terra Firma,
in the province of New -Granada. N.
lat. It. 34. W.long. 72.
' Rahchbno, a Infill ifland on the
coaft of New Mexico, in lat. 7. 14. N.
It is near the ifland of Qiiibo, ami af-
fords timber fit for mafts.
Randolph, a townfhip ofMaflriichu-
fetts, formed of the fbuth prectn£l of
Braintree, in Norfolk co. in the year
1 793. It is 15 miles fouth by eaft of
^AMDoLPU, a county of Hillftjo-
rouMt difti'i^, N. Carolina, bounded
norui-eaft by Orange, and north-weft
by Guildfonl. It contains 7,276 inhabi-
tants, including 4$! flaves. Its court-
houfe is 585 miles from Philadelphia.
Randolph, a county of Virginia,
bounded north by Monongalia, and,
ibutbby Pendleton. It contains 9JI
inhabitants, including 19 flaves. Cheat
ifivsr.
^'»',
v.^
RAP
rivcT) the eaftcm branch of -MoMngt-
hela rtTcr rifet here» on the iiorth>weft
fide of the Alleghany moontaint.
RAMDoiirHf a townliip in Orange
CO. Vermont) the fourth town weft of
Thetford on ConneAicut river. It con-
tains (9* inhabitanta.
Random, a towndiip in Eifinc co.
Vermont^ wtk of Bruafwick, granted in
17S0.
Raphabi. a fertile and heakhjr can-
ton, or diftriA, the wefteramoft in the
Spanilh part of the iflandof St.Domingo.
lu boundary to the north is formed in.
part of the French parifh of Gonaivet.
The air round St. Raphael i» very cool
and falubrioua, but tiie town which is
in a hulbw, is very hot. It has a little
garrifon which ferved as a check on
the fmuggling trade with the French.
Atalaye, (that is the centinel or difco-
very) the weftemmoft town of all the
Spanifli colony, is af leagues S. W. of
the town of St. Raphael, both which
parithes are annexed to Hinehe. The
town of St. Raphael is 10 leagues fouth-
crly of Cape Francois, and 7* N. W.
of St. Domingo city, as the road runs.
Raph ABL. Cape St. at the eaft end of
the ifland of St. Domingo, is the fouth-
caft limit of SamanaBay, 7I leagues dif-
tant in that dire£lion from Cape Samana
or Cape Rczon, which laft is fituated in
lat. (9. 15.40. N.. and long. 71. 3).
30. W. from Paris. From Cape Ra-
phael, or Cape of the Round Mountain,
to Punta Efpada, the fouth-eaft point
of the ifland, the country is level 16
leagues, by a breadth nearly equal.
Raphoc, a townfliip inLancaftcrco.
Pennfylvania.
Rapid ifmr, a fmall river of Virgi-
nia, which ioiAs the Rappahannock,
about 10 miles above Frederick(burg.
RapIid River, a water of Hudlbn's
Bay.
Rappahannock, a large navigable
river of Virginia, which rifes in the Blue
Ridge, and runs about 130 miles from
north-weft to (buth-eaft, and enters into
Chefapeak Bay between Windmill and
Stingray points. It waters the towns
of Falmouth, Frederickfburg, Port Roy-
al, Leeds, Tappahanndck and Urbanna.
It affords 4 fathoms water to Hobbs's
Hole, and a from thence to Frederickf-
burg, no miles from its mouth. It is
t\ league from G win's Ifland s, and 6
porthward of New Poin^ Comfort. A
m
jfingle liimp of gold ore has been found
near the falls of this fiver, which yielded
17 dwt. of gold, of extraordinary du^i-
lity. No other indication of gold haa
been difcovered in its nei^boarhctod*
Rappo Ri^t a \x^ in the ilfamd of
Mowee, one of the Sanawich Ifluda.
Rariton /tfucr, in New^Jerficy, i«
formed by a coniiderable ftreams, caltod
the N. and S. branches { the iburce <^
th'e one is in Morris co. tbatof thefl^Mr
in Hnnterdon co. It jiPt ly Branf.'
wick and Aroboy, andf iifiiii|Wli^>tb
the waters of the Arthur KuHSiJand*
helps to form the fine harbour of Am-
boy. At Rariton HiUs, through which
this river paf&tyisarmall cafcade,whe^e
the water falls 1 5 or «o feet, very ro-
mantically between two rocks. Oppo-
(ite to Briinfwick, the river is fo flial*
low, that it is fordable at low water for
horfes and carriages } bat a little below
it deepens fo faft, that a ao gun flrip
may ride fecurely at any time of ti^.
The tide rifes fo high, that large ihal-
lops ufed to pafs a mile above tme ford ;
fothat it was no uncommon thing to (ee
veflels of eonfiderable burthen riding at
anchor, and a number oftarge river craft
Ivlng above, fome dry, and others on
their beam-ends for wantof water, with-
in gun fliot of each other. Copper ore
haa been found on the upper part of
this river; and in the year 1754, ^he
ore of this mine fold for ^6s fterling^per
ton, being of inferior quality to that on
Fafliiik river.
Rariton, a town iitt^ated between
the mouth of the north branch of the
above river, and Boundbrook, 5 miles
weft-north-weft ftf Boundbrook, and iz
noith-weft of Binmrwick.
RATTLE|jliiAKE IJUukds lie at the
weftem end «(iff4E%ke Krie-
Rawoon, a town of Nova-Scotia,
40 miles from Halifax, containing
about 50 or 60 houfes.
"RtiVfKYtOX'Bridgetonvn, alively com-
mercial village of Middlefex co. New-
Jerfey, on Raway river, 4 or 5 miles
fomh-weft of Elizabeth-Town, and 75
from Philadelphia. It contains a Pref-
byti'rian church, and about 50 or 60
houfes.
Ravmond, a townfliip of New Ham r
fliite^ in Rockingham co. ii or 14 miles
weft«-ly of Exeter, and ja from Portf-
mouth. It was incorix>rated in 1764,
and contains 7a7 inlybitanta.
Kayuoni»»
^ RAY
Raymond, or RitftiuiidHnmit » fet-
Itfiicnt in Cumberland co. DiilriA of
Miune* i4» milet N. N. E. of Bofton,
Md contains 34s inhabitants A ftream
fipom Spngo Pond, after uofling through
Ert of Greenland, Wateitord, and Ottif.
Id, £bIIs into the Qorth-ea(l<r)y part of
Seba^ lake in this iettkment. The
hnd IS generally leveU except one large
Irill, named Rattlethake Hill, from its
aboiKling with thefe reptiles. Here are
fiinSfwip nfgnnll kiid, but the greater
fUjtM^m. growth is pine aiul white-
«a]^^^ tbe hind is hanl to fabdue.
Raynham, a tovmOiip of Maflachu*
ftt%t in Briftol CO. taken trom Taunton,
and incorporated in 1 7 3 1 . It contains
1094 inhabitants. A confiderable part
of the town lL:s uuon a circular bend of
TlKunton river, which is between 7 and
i roda wide, and affords great plenty of
herring* and other fiih, but fo unfavour-
1^1^ ia it, in this place, tofeining or fifh.
ing, that the exclufive privilege of fiih-
ioK Is annually fold for (efs than twelve
Ibullngs, while the fame privilege in
Bridgewrater andMiddleborough,(towns
which bound this} the former on the
«ft, the latter on~ the north) is an-
Bually fold for ^*io» Brfidca the great
river, there are feveral ufeful ftreams,
upon which are 6 law-mills, 3 grift-
milia, I furnace, a forge, and AilTing-
mill. There are numerous ponds in
this townfliip, of which Nippaniquit
or Nippahonlct is a miles long, and one
in bivadth. Here alewives, in millions,
onnually refort and leave their fpawns.
An excellent kind of iron oi«, and va-
rious kinds of fill) are found here. Be-
fides the ufual buftnefs pf hulbaiidrv and
mechanics, numbers M|?faei'e employed
in the manufaAories <Hqjfeiron, hollow
ware, nails, iron forvjef^^ron ihovels,
gt-afli, ihingles, &ctTiie firll forge
up in America was introduced into
this town by James and Henry Leo-
tiiuA, natives of England, X65X. This
force waa fituated on the great roidi
«nd is ftill in employ by the family
of Leonards ofthe 6th generation ; a
family remarkable for loiigevitv, pro-
motion to public office, and a kind of
hereditary attachment to the iron ma-
nufafture. King Philip's huntine-hotife
ftood on thenonhem fide of ivmifbg
ftmdi which is t^ miles from the foiq(e.
In the winter featbn the Indian monarch
redded at Mount Hope, probably for
R E A-
tht benefit of fifli. Philip and UN
Leonards lived on fuch good terms, and
fuci) waBphilip*a fricndfliipand genero*
fity, that as foon as the war brwte out
in i<75, which ended in the 4e«th of
the king and the ruin of Ua tribe, he
gave out ftrifl orders to all nis Imiians,
never to hurt the Leonards. Before
Philip's war, hniMig Pnid was two
miles long, and }ths of a mile wide.
l4ow, the water is almoft gone, and the
large tra£l it once covered, is grown up
to a thick let fwamp of mlar and pine*
The foil of this pond has alfo a prolifie
vinoe in generating ore. Copious beds
of ore, in this part of the country, are
ufually found in the neighbourhood of
pine fwamps, or near to foils natural
to the growth of pine or cedar. In this
place there has been almoft an inex-
nauftible fund of excellent ore, from
which the forge has been fupplied and
kept going for more than 80 years, be*
tides great quant 1 ies carried to other
works, and yet liere is ore itill. Though,
like other things in a ftate of youthHit
is weak and incapaUe of being wrought
into iron of the beft (j^aiity.
Razoir, Port, at the S. W. extre-
mity of the coaft of Nova-Scotia, and
N.E. of Cape Negro.
RAkOR IjUuul, IS 4 leagues S. of the
mouth of Rio Janeiro Bay, or Santa Crua
Point, on the coaft of Brazil, S. Ame-
rica.
Readpibld, a townlhip in Lincoln
CO. DiftriJl of Maine, S miles from Hal-
lowell, which bounds it on the £. and
the eaftem branch of AndrofcQggia
river feparates it from Sterling on the
W. , It is N. of Winthrop, and was
joined with it in the enumeration of
1790. It is 190 miks N. E-. of Bofton.
Reading, atownlhipofConnefVicut,
Fairfield co. S. of Uanliury, adjoin'ng.
Reading, a large townfhip of Map
fachulctts, in Middlefex co. 14 miles
N. of Bof^on. It was incorprated in
1644., and contains i,8oz in)iabitants.
Reading, a townfhip of Vermont,
Windibr CO. W. of Windfor, adjoiiiing.
It contains 747 inhabitants.
Reading, a pod-tc-'n, amltlie capi-
tal of Berks co. Pennsylvania ; fituated
on the N. E. fide of Schuylkill 'rtver,
40 miles S. W. of Bethlehem, 18 £.
of Lebanon, fwhere the canal com-
mences which joins the waters of the
Swetara Creek w(»k ttiofe «f Schuylkill
river)
mul.
R E C
rim) ami S4.N. W. of Philadelphia. It
i$ a mnirifliing tawn» regularly laid ou^,
Hid inhabifed chiefly by Gerniana. It
contains about 600 houfea. The public
buildings are a ftone gaol, i court*lioule,
an elqnnt church forGerman Lutherann,
ereAed in 17931 a church forCalvintftt,
ope for Roman Catholics, a meeting-
houfe for Friends, and a large edifice
foe the public oflSces. Xn the vicinity
of the town is a remarkable Tpring,
100 feet fquare, and 140 feet deep,
with a ftream ifluing from it fulEcient
to turh a mill. The water is clear
and tranfparant, and affords abundance
of fifh. In the neighbourhood are 10
fulling-mills and feveral iron-works. In
the whole county of Berks are 5 fur-
naces, and as many forges. In Novem-
ber 1795, ^i»,ooo was voted by the
county for building a ftone arched
bridge over the Schuylkill at this town,
on the high road to Harrifburg, 53 miles
diftant to the weft by fouth.
Reading, a townfhip in York co.
Pennfylvania.
Rbadinotown, or Riddtntown, in
Hunterdon CO. New- Jerley, 17 miles N.
W. by W. of New-Brunfwick, and
about II eaftward of Lebanon.
Read> Baj, a road for (hips in the
ifland of Barbadoes, about half-way be.
tween Hole-Towii and Speight's -Town.
It is about half a mile over, but more in
depth. Ships may anchor here in fafety,
in from 6 to is fathoms water, the
ground foft ooze, and defended from all
winds, except the W. which blows right
into the bay. N. lat. 13. 7. W. long.
59* 47.
RsALEGO, a town in the province oF
Nicaragua, New-Spain ; fituated on a
plain, on the eaftem bank of a river of
Its name, near its mouth, 30 miles N.
W. of Leon, to which it ferves as a har-
bour. It has 3 cburches, and an hof-
pital, furrounded by a very fine gai-den {
but the place is Hckly, by reafon of the
neighbouring fwamps. Its chief trade
is in pitch, tar, and cordage. N. lat.
IS. 17. W. long. 87. 36.
Rbceif, a harbour on the coaftof
Brazil, and is the (Irongeft place on all
thatcoaft. S.lat. 8.10. W. long. 35.35.
^ Recovery, Ftrt^ in the N. W.Ter-
ritory, is fituated on a branch of the
Wahafh rivtr, about a 3 miles from
Qreenville, and 98 N. byW. of Cincin.
mti. It cenAftt of two block-bioufcs
H E & 46$
and barrackt with cortaini, and ecu*,
tains 00 men.
Red, a rirer of the State of Tcnnef-
fee, a water of Cumberland river* with
which it mingles its waters at the north
bend, about • nilei| N. W. of Chffkf-
ville. It is beatable a coofidcrable diT-
taince.
Rid, a prinjclpal branch of Ken*
tucky river, which head< and intcrlocka
with a main branch of Liclui^ dyer»
and flows, in a S. W. courfc, in'v fCen-
tucky river, about 9 mikt above BoonC>
borough. • It is 60 yard* wide at tht
mouth.
Red, a weftem branch of Miflifippi
river, in lat. 31. N« Here, it is faid,
Ferdinando de Soto died, at a place
called Guacoyi, May ai, ijis* See
Rouge River.
Rev Bank, on the S. E. Cde of Dala-
ware river, in the town of Woodbunr,
in Gloucelter co. New-Jerfcy. The b-
tuation is elevated, and the fort built here
(luring the war, ftood 1,900 yards from
Fort ifland, and about 7 miles Ibuth of
Philadelphia. It coft the Britifli 400
men, killed and wounded, before they
could reduce the garrifbn, in 1777.
Red F:ikp in Dutchefs co. New*
York, where a poft-office is kept, is on
the eaft bank of Hudfon's river, ai milea
S . of Hudlbn, and 1 1 6 N. of New-York.
REDONDO,arock between Montferrat
and Nevis, Caribbee Iflands. It is about
a league in circuit, of a round form,
where is neither culture nor inhabitants.
N. lat. 17. 6. W. long. 61. 35.
Reedsborovgh, or Read/borough^
the fouth-eaftemmoft townOiip of Ben-
nington CO. Vermont. It contains 64
inhabitants.
Reedy IJtand, in Delaware river, 50
miles below Philadelphia. It is ao milea
from Bombay Hook, and is the rendez*
vous of outward-bound fhips in autumn
and fpring, waiting for a favourable
winrl. Tne courfe from this to the'fea
is 8. S. E. in that a N. W. wind, which
is the prevailing wind in thefe feafons,
is fair for veflels to put out to Tea. There
is a fecure harbour here, at Port Penn,
where piers have been erefted by the
State of Pennfylvania. The iflaud ia
about 3 miles long, and not more than
one-fourth uf a mile wide. It was for-
merly banked in, but is now under culti-
vation, and is overflowed in high tides.
There i$ a chanpcl oil each mt of the
G % iflaodn
466
It E N
KH6
iflaitd { but vriTels, efpfciall3r large one«> | bour to fifli in { and U much firtquntkdl
dioofe to keep the ealUnj fide. ~ |
Reblpoo r, a imnll navigable river
of ihe state of Tcnrv ff;e, which empties
into the river Miflifi^pi, about 35 miles
(bath of the Ohio. It is 30 yards wide
1 miles firom its mouth. One of its
branches riles on the borders of Ken-
tucky.
RebmITOWN, or J(MM/7«w/r, a rmall
town of Lancafter co. Pennfylvania ;
iituated on a ftream which empties into
OtHco Creek, a water of Coneftoga,
which falls into the Sufouehannah. It
contains about 40 houKs,'and is t6
miles N. E. of Lancafter>. and 61 N. W.
by N. of Philadelphia.
Regtolrts, the ilamfeof thepaflage
from th« northern part of the Gulf of
Mexico into lake rontchartrain, which
has communication, through Maurepas
Lake and the Out of Ibberville, with
Mifli^pi river f or the general name of
the ifles iit the inner part of the channel
into that hike. The diffance from Lake
Fontchartraitf throtfgh the Rcgolets is
so mile», and between 3 and 400 yards
Kroad, and lifted wTch marflies on each
fide. On the S. fide of the Regolets,
and near to the entrance from the gulf,
(here is a large paflkge into the Lake
Borgne, «r Blind Lake { and by feme
creeks that fall into it, fmull craft may
so as far as the plantations on the
jUiflifippi, and there is a paflage between
the Lake* Borgne ami Pontchartrain ;
but either by thi?, or that of the Rego-
kts, 6 and fometimes 7 feet is the deeped
water through. Near the entrance at
the eaft end of the Regolets, and on the
north fide, are principal mouths of Pearl
riVer. From the Rpgolets to the Bay
of St. Louis is 18 miles.
REHdBOTH,atownfl)ipofMaflUchn-
fetttt, in Briilol co. on a branch of Pio-
ttdence river, a few miles from Provi-
<(ence, in Rhpde-Ifland, and 44 miles N.
by W. of Bolton. It was called Sa-
eoHtt by the Indians ; was incorporated
in 1^45, and contains 4,710. inha
bitani-s.
Rristbrstown,- in Baltimore co.
Maryi.in<l, 10 miles ibuth-eall of Weft-
minrter,and neirly 16 north-wefterly of
Baltimore.
Renowe*s Harbour, on the eaft conft
of Newfoundland Ifland, is about 21
miles from Cape Race. Its entrance is
' rathtr dangergus, but it is a good har-
by boats and (hallops, in the fidiing.
feafon. H^lf a league firom the 8. poinc
is a high rock, called Renowe** Point |
which may be feen, ix a clear ^y, 3
leaeues off.
RBNSSBLABR, a oounty of the State
of New- York, bounded north by Wafk.
ington CO. foath by Columbia^ eafV by
p^rt of the States of Maffachufetts and
Vermont, and wefl by Hudfon^t river.
It contains eight townfhips, viz. Troy,
Greenbufh, Schodack, Stephentewn»
Peterlburfir, Hoficky Pittftown, and
Schaf(eCoke# In 1796, there were
3,500 of the inhabitants' qualified e-
le£tora. '
RBNSfEiABKviU.e# Of Xttififaer-
tvick, a townfhip of Albany co. New»
York, bounded foutherly by Columbia
CO. and welterly by Hud fen's river. In
1790, it contained t,??! inhabitants^
in 1796, it had 548 inhabitants who
were eleflors. In this town, nearly op.
pofite to the city of Albany, is a medi*
cinal fpring, which combines- nioft tt
the valuable properties of the celebrated
waters of Saratc^
R EsO^Ltr Tio N Bay, or MaJrt de Dios^
is under the h.igheft land on the W. fide
of St. Chriftina, one of the Marquefas
Illands. S. lat. 9. ^1. W. Ions. 1 39. ^
Resolution, C<a^;, near the eaftem
entrance of Hudfon s Strait*. N. lat*
61. 19. W. bng. 65. 16.
Resolution IJlaiut, at the eaft end
of liudlbn's Straits. N. lat. 6a. W.
loiig. 65.
RESo&VTioNJ/IaiK/, a fmalliflandr
one of the Soc'rety Ifles ; fo called from
the Ihip Resolution. S. lat. 17. 24. W.
long. 141. 15.
Revel's, afmall ifland inthe Atlan^
tic Ocean, clofe to the eaft coalt of
Northampton co. Virginia.
Rey, Cape, ov Point, on the N. coaft
of S. America, is 40 leagues W. by.N.
of Cape Three Points, and is N. by £.
of Bocca del Drago.
KeYES, Angra </», oii the S. E.
coa^tof Brtizil, in S. America^ lies weft>
ward ot Rio Janeiro, and 53 leagues
Weft of Cape Frio. It affords good
anchorage.
Rhinebeck. Stt Rbvtibeci.
RHODE ISLAND is one of th«
fmultell ot the United States j its greateft
length being 47 miles, and its greateft
breadth 37 i m* about I1300 fquare
aula*.
luemkdl
fifliing.
i. point
Point I
RHO
H^lct. It U boiimled N. and E. by the
cohimonweiilth of Maflkchuletts ) S. by
the Atlantic Ocean, and W. by Connec-
ticut. Thefe limits comprehend what
ia called Rhode- J/Umd and Prwidence
PUtHtations i divided into 5 counties,
via. Newport, Providence, Wafliington,
JBriftol, and Kent, vrhich are fubdivided
into 30 townfliips, containing 68,^x5
inhabitants, of whom 94.8 are flaves.
Narraganfet Bay make* up frdm S» to
N. between the main land on the £.
and W. and emhofoms many fertile
iflands, the principal of Which are
Rhode- Ifland, Canonnicut, Prudence,
Patience, Hope, Dyer*s, and Hug
Iflands. Bloclc-Ifland is the fouthern*
moft land belonging to the State. The
harbours are Newport, Providence,
Wickford, Patuxet, Warren, and Brif.
tol. Khode-Ifland, from which the
State takes half its name, lies between
lat. 41. a8. and 4.1. 4s. N. and iwtween
long. 71. 17. and 71. 27. W. from
Greenwich } being about 1 5 miles long
fronn N. E to S.W. and about 3^ broad,
on an average. It is divided into 3 town-
fliips, Newport, Porrfmouth, and Mid-
dletown. Perhaps no ifland in the world
exceeds thjs in point of foil, climate, and
(ituation. In its moft flourishing ftate it
was called by travellers, the Eden of A-
merica. But the change which the ra-
vages of war, and a dccreafe of bulinefs
have eife6^ed, is great. Between 30,000
&nd 40,000 iheep are fed on this ifland,
beiides neat cattle and horfes. The
State is interft^led in all dire^ions by
rivers ; the chief of which are Provi-
dence ami Taunton rivers, which fall
into Nafraganlet Bay; the former on
the weft, the latter on the eaft (ide of
iRhode-Ifland. Rhode-Ifland is as heal-
thy a country as any in America. The
winters, in the maritime parts of the
iState ai e milder than in the inland coun-
try ; the ail' being Ibftened by a fea-va-
ftour, which alfo enriches the foil. The .
ummers are delightful, efpecially on
Rhode-Illand, where the extreme heats
which prevail in other parts of America,
are allayed by cool and refrediing breezes
from the lea. The rivers aiul bays
fwarm with fi(h, to the amount of more
than 70 different kinds ; the markets
are alive with them. Oyfters, lobders,
and other flieil-iini, abound in Narra-
ganfet Bay. Travellers are generally
agreedf that Newport is the Sell fiih-
&H0
'fi7
market in the world. ThU Stste pro*
duces torn, rve, barley, cats, a^d in
Toms parts wheat, fufficient for home
confumption ) and the Various kinds of
grafles, fruits, and culiinry roots and
plants in great abundance, and in per*
fe£lion \ cyder ic made for exportation*
The north- weftem parta of the Stat*
are but thinly inhabited, and are mors
rocky and barreh than the other partr*
The trail of land lying between North
and South tCingftown oh the eaft, and
Connecticut on the weft, call^ Slidii-
noek country) or Purchaft% is excellenfc
grazing land, artd ii mhabitcd by a
number of wealthy farmers, who raiie
ibme of the firteft neat tattle in New-
England, weighing from 1,600 to 1,809
weight. They keep large dairies, and
make butter and cheefedt the beft quali-
ty, and in large quanties fojr exportation*
Iron ore is round in great pleAty in fe-
veral parts of the State> The iron- works
on Patuxet river, 11 miles from Provi«
dence, are fuppUed with ore from a bed
4I miles diftant, which lies in a valley*
through which runs a bfook. Tnc
brook is turned into a new channel, aftd
the ore- pits are cleared of water by A
Ream engine. At this ore-bed are *
variety of ores, curious ftoAes, and
ochresi In the townlh'p of Cumber-
land is a copper niine mixed with iroii,
ftrongly impregnated with load-ftone, of
which fome large pieces have been found
in the neighbourhood. No method ha«
yet been difcovered to work it to advan-
tage. Abundance of lime-ftone is found
in this State, particularly in the county
of Providence | of which large quanti-
ties of lime aire made and exported.
This lime- ftone is of different colours,
and is the true marble of the white, plain,
and variegated kind. It takes as fine
a polifli as any ftone in America. Thert
are ieveral mineral fprings in this State;
to one of which, near Providence, many
people re/brt to bathe, and drink th«
water. Newport and Providence ar«
the chief towns of this State. The
flave-tradc, vvhich was a fourcc of wealth
to many of tlie people of Newport, and
in other parts of the State, has happily
been aholiihed. The town of Briftol
carries on a Confiderable trade to Afri-
ca, the Weft- Indies, and to different
parts of the United States. But hy far
the greatelt part of the commerce of
Rhode- Ifland, is at prelentcaniedonby
Og » |»»
4)6r
RHO
the inlMbitaittt of the tourilhing town
of Frovidencei which had| in 1791* 1*9
fiiilof veflfeli, conuining iii9^» toni.
The exporti from the State are llax-
ktd, lumber, horftt, c«ttle» beet, pork,
Ml, poultry, onions, butter, cheeie, b«r-
ltv,gnfai, ^iritt, cotton and linen goods,
liie imtkMts coofift of European and
1¥. India goods, and logwood from the
Bay of Honduras. Upwafdsof6oo vef-
fels enter and clear aiuiuallyat the dif.
fcrent ports in the State. The amount
of exports from this State to foreign
countries, for one year, ending Sept. 30,
1791, was 470,131 doils. 9 cents { in
> 79a, 698,0841 in 1793,616,4161 and
in 1 794, 9^4, 57 3 dollars. The inhabi.
tants of this State are progrefltng rapidly
in nianufailur(;s. A cotton manufac-
tory has been erefted at Providence.
Jeans, fuftiant, denims, thick fets, vel-
vets. See. Sec. are here manufaAured and
fen't tothefouthem States. Large quan-
' iitlti of linen a|K! tow cloth are made in
different parts of this State for exporta-
tion. But the moft couriderable manu.
fa£l; I'cs In thU State are thofe of iron ;
fuch as bar and Iheet iron, Reel, nail-
rods,aud nails, i'^plementsof hutbandry,
ftoves, pots, ant I other houfehold uten-
fils, the iron-woiic of fliiuping, an-
chors, bells, Sec. The conftitulion of
this State is founded on the charter
frranted by Charles 1 1, in 1663 } and the
rame of government was not eflentially
altered by (he revolution. The legifla-
ture of the State confitts of .wo branches }
a fenate or upper houie, compofcd of
ten memben, bcfides the governor and
deputy-governor, called in the charter,
mffijiants\ and a houlcof reprefentatives,
compofed of deputies from the feveral
towns. The members of the legifla-
ture are chofen twice a year j and there
are two fcflions of this body annually,
via. on the Arli Wednefday in May, and
the laft WedBffday in 0«obtr. This
State was firlt I'ettled from M tflachufetts.
Mr. Roger Williams, a miniller, who
came ovtr to New-EnglaiKl in 1631.
was cliar£f«*d with holding a variety of
errors, and was on that account forced
to leave his houfe, land, wife, and
children, at Sulcm, in the dead of win-
ter, and to feik a rcfidence without
the limits of Mailachufetts. Governor
Wahthrop advifed him to purfue his
courie to Nehiganfet, or Narraganlet
Biy, which he did, and fixqd himfelf
RHT
at SeetinkorSeekhonk, now Rehohofh*
Biit that place being within the bounds
of Plymouth colony. Gov. Winflow, in
a friendly manner, advifed him to re-
move to the other fide of thil river,
where the lands were not covered by any
patent. Accordingly, in 1636, Mr.
Williams and four others crofled Seek*
honk river, and landed among the In-
dians, by whom they were hofpitably
received, and thus laid the foundation
of a town, which, from a fenfe of Ood'a
merciful providence to him, he called
Providenci, Here he was foon af^er
joined by a number of others, and, though
they were fecured from the Indians by
the terror of the Engltflt, yet they, for
a confiderabie time, I'uifitred much from
fatigue and want } but they enjoyed li-
berty of confcience, which has ever (inct
been inviolably maintained in this State.
So little has the civil authority to do
with religion here, that no contraft be-
tween a miniller and a fociety (unleiii
incorporated for that purpofe) is of any
force. It is probably for thefe reafonb,
that 1 many different feAs have ever
been found here ) and that the Sabbath
and all religious inftitutions, have been
more necleaed in this, than in any other
of the New-England ftates.
Rhode-Island Light Hwfi was
creded in 1749, in Beaver Tail, at th^
(buth end of Canonnicut Ifland, for the
fafiety and convenience of vefTels failing
into the Narraganfet Bay and harbouc
of Newport. The ground the light-
houfe (lands upon is about is ittt aliova
the furface .of the fea at high water.
From the ground to the top ot the cor-
nice is 58 feet, round which is a gallery,
and within that (lands the lantern, which
is about 1 1 feet high, and S feet diameter.
High water at full and change, 37 mi-
nutes after 7 o'clock. N. lat. 41. 18.
W. long. 71. 24.
Rhode Rivera the weftemmoft wa»
ter of the N. W. branch of Cape Fear
river, in N. Carolina.
Rhonde. See Ronde.
Rhynbkck, or Rhinebtck, a poif-
town of N. York, fituated in Dutchefs
CO. on the R. fide of Hudfon's river,
oppoiire to Kingfton { 18 miles north of
Poughkeepfie 5103 noith of New- York,
and 198 N. by £. of Philadelphia.
The townlhip contains 3,662 inhabi-
tants, of whom 54% are elcAors, and
4«> fllKVth Hit if tievadtd fontherly hjf
R I C
OUaton» md northerly by Bcekman. A
very curious cavern hu occn lately dif-
qvurcd at a place in this town, called
bv the Indiani, Sepal'cot. 8«c Dutcbefi
RiALiXAf or RUUttUt « toivn of
New Spain, fituated on a rmall rlrer in
Nicaragua, s mi let from the fea, wli^re
is a guod harbour. It is unwholefome
by renibn of niai-nies in the vicinity. It
is 60 miles W. of Leon, and the Lake
Nicaragua. N. lat. la aj. W. long.
89. 10.
Rich, Capft on the W. fide of the
jfland of Newfoundland, toward* the N.
end, and in the N. E. part of the guU vf
St.. Lawrence, huving the ifle of St-
John and other fmall lAes to the north.
This cape or point uiird to be omitted
in the French maps, feemingly becaule
it was the bounds of their privilege of
'filhing, whicli extended from hence
northward^ and round to Cape Bona-
vifta.
Richardson's Bay, on the 8. E.
part of the idand of Jamaica. The an-
chorage within it is between Morant
river and Two Mile Wood.
Richfield, a townfhipof N. Y(vk,
fituatfd in Oil'ego co. taken .from Otfe-
go townfh)?, and incorporated, in 179*4
«S9 of it« mhabitants are electors,.
RiCHFORD, the north-eaftemmoft
townfliip of Franklin CO. Vermont { on
Miflili:oni river.
Richland, a county ef S. Carolina,
Camden di(lri£l ; bounded S^ and S. W.
by Congaree and Broad rivers, and eaft
by Wateree river, which divides it from
Keijhaw and Clermont counties. It
contains 3,9)0 inhabitants ; of whom
ft,4.79 are white, and s,437 llayes^
Richland, a townfliip of Pennfyl-
tania, in Buck's co.
RiCHLiBU, the French name given
formerly to the outlet of Lake Cham-
plain. See ScreL
RiCHUBU ijlands, a duller of fmall
iflands in the river St. Lawrence, about
IX leagues above the town of Trois Ri-
vieres, at the boundary of the govern-
ment of Montreal. There are nearly
100 of them. N^ l^t^ 4$.sa. W. Jong.
71. 7.
RiCHLiEUf the name of an ancient
fmall fortification built by the French,
on the north bank of the river Sorel, at
its junAion with the river St. Lawrence.
«ppofite the iflands qi RisbUeu.
RIC 4^
]liCllMAli*s {^m/, on th« coall «#
Cumberland county, DiftriA of Maliie«
about northerly four leagtiea irom
Wood Ifland, and a league weft ef Pert-
land. Few vc(l«ls put in here, except
coafters. There is a funkcn icdfw 8«
£. half a mile from the north-eaft end ,
of the ifland, which only ftiews itfcif
when the wind blows freflii but you
need not go fo near the ifland. Wood
Ifland is in lat. 43. 50. N. and long*
69. S7. W.
Richmond, a townfliip ontbtwtft
line ef the Sute of Maflaehufetts, in
Berkfliire co. 17 miles W. by 8. of
Lenox, and 150 miles weft of Bofton*
Iron 'ore of the firft quality s found heri*
but as it lies deep it is raifed at a great
txpenfe. Ore ot indiflivrent quality ia
found in many plaices. It abounds with
lime-ftone, roarfCf white, and clouded
marble. The town was incorporated
in i775» and contains an iron-wtfrk, f
grift-mills, a fulling-mill, % faw«millt#
and i»55 inhabitants.
RiCHjMOND, a townfliip of Chcfliira
CO. New-Hampfliirc I fituated on the
MaifiKhuietts Ime, about 11 miles eaik
of Connecticut river, and 97 W. by 8»
of Portfmouth,. It was incorporated)
in 175*, and contains 1380 inhabitants.
Richmond, a townfliip in Wafliing*
ton CO. Rhode-IAand, feparattd firom
Hopkinton on the weft by Ward's river
a brtmch of Paucatuck river. It ia
about 19 miks weft of Newport, uid
contains 1760 inhabitants.
Richmond, acounty of New-York«
comprehending all Staten* Ifland, 8hoot«
ers-Ifland, and the Iflands of Meadow^
on the weft fide thereof. It is divided
into the townfliips of Caftletown, North-
field, Soutlifield, and Weftfleld. It
contains 3,835 inhabitants! of whom
4.88 are eleAors, and 759 ilaves. Sin
Staten- Ifland.
Richmond, a county of N. Carolina,
fituated in Fayette diftriA, bounded
fouth, by the State of S. Carolina, and
north, by Moore co. It contains 5055
inhabitants, including 583 flaves. Chief
town, Rockingham. The court- houfe,
at which a poft-ofiice is kept, is 10 milea
from Anfon court-houfe, 56 from F^y^
ettevilie, and 563 from Philadelphia. \
Richmond, a county of Virgim'a^
bounded N. and N. E. by Weftmore»
land, and S. and S. W. by Rappahan-
nock river, wliich feparatqi it n-om Ef-
47*^ R I C
ftx CO. It contains 6,98$ Inhabitant!,
cf whom 3»9S4 are flaVM. The court-
houfiri wbm a pott-office ii kept, i» a; 3
mile* from Philadelphia.
Richmond, the prefcnt feat ofgo-
Ttmmcnt of the State ot Virginia, ii fi-
ttiated in Henrico co. on the north fide
of Jamca'a river, juft at the toot of the
falii, and contains between 400 and 500
koufett and nearly 4,000 inhabitants.
Ihat of the lioufei are built on the mar-
S'n of the river, convenient for bufinefs ,
e reft are upon a hill which overlooks
the lower part of the town, and com-
mandii an rxtenfive profpeA of the ri-
ver and adjacent country. The i.ew
liouAs are well built. A large ftate-
houie, or-capitol, has lately been ere£t-
•d on the hill. This citv likewile
boafts of an elegant ftatue of^^ the illul-
triuus Wafiiington, which was formed
At Paris. The lower part of the town
Is divided by a creek, over which is a
convenient bridge. A bridge between
300 and 400 yariit in length, has been
^rown acrols James's river, at the foot
of the fall,^ by Col. Mayo. That part
lirom Manchefter to the ifland is built
«n 1 5 boats. From the ifland to the
rocks was formerly a floating bridee of
rafts { but the cnteriwifing proprietor
has now built it of framed log piers,
filled with ftones. From the rocks to
the landing at Richmond, the bridge is
continued on framed piers fiJled with
ftones. The bridge conneAs the city
with Mancliefter j and as the paiTengers
pay toll, it produces a h^ndlbme revenue
to Col. Mayo, who is the fole propri-
etor. The public buildings, befides
the ilatC'houle, are anEpifcopal church,
a court-houfe, gaol, a theatre, and 3
tobacco waie-houfes. The falls above
the bridge swe 7 miles in length. A
noble oanal is cutting, and nearly com-
pleted en the north fide of the river,
whicii is to terminate in a bafon of
about two acres, in the town of Rich-
mond. From this bafon to the whai'ves
in the river, will be a land carriage of
about a mile. The expence is eftimat.
cd at j^3o,ooo Virginia currency. The
opening of this canal promifes the addi-
tion of much wealth to Richmond.
Veflels of burden lie at City Point, 10
miles below, to which the goods from
Kichmond are lent down in boats. It
is tia6 miles from Boflon, 374 from N.
Yprkf 176 from Baltimore, 27 8 from
Philadetphii, a47 firom Fayettevine,49f
from CharleHon, and 66t tix>m Savan-
nah. N. lat. 37. 40. W. long. 77. 50.
Richmond, a county of um Upper
diftri£t of Georgia, in which is fif witcd
the city of AuguAa. It is fepiiratcd
from 8. Carolina on the E. by Savan-
nah river, and contains 11,317 inhabi-
tants, of whom 4,1 k6 areflaves.
Richmond, a town of the ifland of
St. Vincent's, in the Wcftolndies. It
is featcd at the head of a deep bay, on
the wrilern fide of the ifland. Cha-
teaubtlair river runs on the fouth fidt
of the town, which gives name to the
bay. Another river empties into the
bay on the north fide of the town.
kioOBFiELD, a poft-town of Con-
nefticut, in Fairfield co. 10 miles ibuth-
weftwaid of Danbury, 78 foiith-weft of
Hartford, 51 north-eaft of Kingfl>ridge,
in the StP.te of New-Vork, and 161
north-eaft of Philadelphia. The town-
fliip of Ridgefield was cnllcd by the In-
dians Caudolotva, or high land. It well
anlwers the name, for though it is 14
miles from the Sound, it af^rds a good
prolpcA of it, and of Long Ifland. Of
the latter, 40 miles in length is vifible,
and veflels may be fecn as they pafs up
the Sound. It was liettled in 1709.
KiDLSY, a townfliip in Delaware ro.
Pennfylvania.
RiGO ///««</, near the north-weft part
of the illand of Porto Rico, in the
W^efl- Indies, behind which is the prin-
cipal harbour of the main ifland.
Rim AC, a river of Peru, which pafles
through the city of Lima, and falls into
the iea 6 miles below that city.
RiNDGF, or Ringe, a town in the
county of Chefliire, New-Hampfliire,
It lies upon the Maflachufetts line about
80 miles weiterly of Portfmouth, and
70 north-weft of Bofton. Was incor-
porated in 1768. In 1775, it contain,
ed 542, and in 1790, 1143 inhabitants.
In this townfliip are thirteen natural
ponds of water of different fizes, in
which are pickerel, peich, trout, eels,
Sec. Ill this townflup, northerly, is a
mine lately dii'covcud, which contains
a kind 'of ochre of a Spanifti brown.
One half of the water of this town runs
to the Merrimack, the other to Con-
nefticut river.
RiNGO's- Town, in Hunterdon co.
NewTjerfcy, lies about 15 miles N. W.
ofPruKCCon.
,Rl0B.\MBA|
R IP
SfOBAMBA.a juri(oiAIon ofPeru, in
•(he provinct of C^o, having a capital
of it! own name. NPhc prod uAioM and
manufaAurea of thii province excel
all the reft of the province! of Peru.
Sevsral parti of it are full of minea ot
gold and Tilver.
Rio ^ium0, in the ifland of Jam!iica»
lies 14 miles eaftward of Martha Brae,
!where a fltip may lie, bringing the |>oint
V, N. W. in I or 9 fathoms water.
The bank is fteep. Eaftwnrd of this,
4. or 5 miles is Dry Harbour.
Rio Grandtt a captainftiin in the
northern divifion of Brazil, whofechiet
town is Tign^rcs.
Hid, Grandtt a lafge river of Brnzil,
from whence the above captainfliip has
its name. The Portugticfe fay its en-
trance is difficult and dangerous^ though
wide andde»ip enough further in.
Rio Grands^ a river of Terra Firma,
%m America, which riles near the equa-
tor, runs eaftward, and falls into the
North Sea, between Carthagena and St.
"Martha. Alfo the name of a river of
Brazil, which falls into the fea at Natal
los Reyes.
Rio d* la Hacha^ a town and pro-
'irinca in the northern divifion of Terra
firtria.'
RlO<i!rP<i/a/^ on thecoaft of Brazil,
'lies 10' leagues tp the fouthwaid uf St.
Catherine.
V.\Qdt la Plata. See Plata River,
Paraguay,' »n6 Butnps Ayres.
Rio at la Plata, a province ^n the S.
divifion of Paraguay, iti S. Ame^i^a^ Its
chief town is Bi^ienosAvres^'
Rio di Puercai, a JtarlKHir or an-
chorage ground oh the northern fide of
the iiUind pf C(A>a^ fouthow^ft of Bahia ,
Honda.
Rio yaaeino, a ri<l|^ aod ^pulous
city of 'Brazil, baying many degant
churches and handlenie bjiilldings, ntu •
ated within a large and wide bay, in lat.
44. 15. fciiuth, and long. 4). 30 weft.
It contains about 100,000 inhabitants,
and is a place of confiderable trade. It
It ahb called St. Sebaftian.
Rio Real, a river of Brazil, running
almoft parallel with that of St. Francis,
dividing thecaptainfliipofSeregipe from
that of Todos los Sai tos, and empties
in'"^ the ocean 41 leagues to the north-
wani of the bay of that name,
Rippacanob Cretk, in the N. W.
Teriritoryi is a vtttlunbraqsti^f Wa-
R O A ff'
baflt river. The Kickaoet Indian town
Uf near it. Its moutn Is ao mllci ^
bovc the Lower Wean towna.
RiPTON, a townflilpin Addifonco.
Vermont, at miles euft of Lal(C CiuuA-
ptain.
R- •'lOovcHB Ri'/er, on the nor"
them fide of Chaletur Bay« is t leagues
from Weft-Nouville, and runs a wdl
courfe in general. It is navigable for
fhips and brigs 7 leagues from its mtnithf
ana abounds with falmon and wiM fowl.
Msny falmon fiftieries are carried on
here to confiderable advantage.
RiVANNA, a fmaH nor»' :ft branch
of James's river in Vi.^inia, whofc
head waters unite a few miles north of
Charlottefville, and implies into Janies*a
1 iver, about s miles above Elk Ifland.
It is navigable for canoes and batteaux
to its interfeAion with the fouth-.wcft
mountains, whith is abjput si miles )
and may eaiily be opened to navigation
through thefe mountains, to its fork
above Charlottefville.
KiVERHBAD, a townfliip of New.
York, fituated in Suffolk co. in Long-
Ifland. It was taken from the town-
fliip of Southold, and incorporated in
1 7 91; 344 of its inhabitants are qua-
liiied electors.
RiVEKoftbe WeJI, in the north-weft
part of N. America, empties into the
ocean in about lat. 43. 17. 30. north,
and long laa. 30. weft. It is liltla
known, except near its mouth.
R iv 1 E R E , Grande, m LoWeV Canada^
empties in. the ocean through thte
iHM-them jhore of Clhalcur Bay, about ^
leagues welt north-weft of CapeDefpair.
Here is^a confiderable cdd-fiihery.
Roanoke Inlet, on the coaft of N.
Carolina, le id's into Albemarle Sound'.
N. lat. 35. 56. W. long. 76. 14.
Roanoke IJIand is on the fouthern
fide of Alhemanl. Sound. The north
point of the ifland is s/hbut 7 miles we^;
of Roanoke Inlet.
Roanoke, a long and rapid river, la
formed by a principal branches, Staun-
ton river, which rilifs in Virginia, and
Dan rivtr, which rifes in N. Carolina.
The low lands on this river are fubjeft
to inundations. It is navigable only for
(hallops, nor (or thefe, but about 6 v or
70 miles, on account of falls, which in
a great meafure ohitru£l the water com-
munication with the back country. 1%
empties by Icverai months into the S.
Gg4 vr. wi
47t ROC
W. md «r Albcnuurk Setmd. The
Dtanttrt on the btnkt of thU river, are
lUppoT*! to be the wcftlthleft in North-
Carolina. The tower part of this river
WM formerly called MtKOttot.
ROANOKI Jlfv»r,Li»ilr,emptIeainto
Staunton river from the north, about i c
milea above the JunAion of Dan and
Staunton rivcta.
Roar I NO Jliv«r,a boatabie water of
Tenncflee St^tr, which runt north- weft,
erly into Cumberland river, la mile*
fouth'Weft of the mouth of Obaa river
ROBKRDBAU, a fmall fort which was
crcAed in Bald Eagle, or Sinking Spring
Valley, in PenaTylvania, durina; the late
war. It was ereAed for the proteAion
of thofr who then worked at tlie lead
mines. But the Indian war raging a-
round them, they were forced to ai?an-
don the entcrpriu. See Bald Eagk
RoBiET J«jr, OP the eaft eoaft of
Newfoundland, fepamted fixmSpanifh
Bay by a very narrow neck of land { and
about E. N. E. 4 miles about the point
fiom Port Grave.
RoBBRT Bajt a gulf or bay of the
Ifland of Martinico in the Weft Indies,
and one of the fineft natural harbours
thiit can be imagined, being able to con-
tain the largeft fleet with fuck conve-
nience, that the (hips mny ride near
enough the ftiore to reach it with a
plank. It is about % leagues in depth,
and is formed by the Point of the (iai-
Icons on the weft, and Point Rofe on the
caft.
, RoBB&isoN, a new countyof Ten-
aeflee.
RoBBsoN, a county of N. Carolina,
fituated in Fayette diftriA, and bourtded
fouth-wcft by the State of S. Carolina.
It contains 5)16 inhabitants, including
\ 3 3 ilaves . Chief town, Lumberton .
Robin Hood's 5a)i,ontheeaftcoaft
of Newfo|indland, is frequented by flnall
veflels, as they can'^ih here to advan-
tage. If is not far from Trinity Har-
bour, and near to Fox Iflands.
Roc I/Jatiitst a cluster of uninhabited
iflands off the north coaft of Venezuela,
in Terra Firma, about 40 leagues north-
wdt by w^rft of Tortugas.
Ri)C\ pARTipo, a fmall Ifland in
the Nui'h Pacific Ocean, S. E. from
La Meia, and W. from theifle La Nu-
blada ; and in about lat. 16, 35, N. and
long. iz8. W.
ROC
RoCNi, Q^ ir to, on tht *T. Ut of
the ifland of 8t. Domingo, la a^wiit ftvt
leagues weft of Old Cape Francwis.
RocH, RMire ih, % river of fhtf
N. W. Territory, which runs a 8. W.
coif rfe, and empties into the MMlfip^
9S miles nbovc the lowaRapida*
RoCNBa,k prMrit du^ or Rttk Mtm-
dowst on Miflifiupi river, ] milea below
the fpot where Fort Chartrcs ftood.
RoCHBSTBR, the northwiftemmoA
townfliip of Windfor co. Vcrmoat, and
contains »i 5 inhabitants.
RoCHBSTBR, a tov ndiip of Mafla<.
chufetts, Plymouth cd. 53 milea fuuth-
ward of Bofton. It was incorporated hi
1686, anJ contains 1,644 innabitants.
RoCHBSTBR, a confiderahle townfliip
in Strafford co. NewHampfliire, on th«
W. (iJe of the northern branch of Pif-
citaqtia river, is miles north wefterlv
of Portfmouth, and 40 S. by E. of Mid.
dleton. It was incoroorateit in I7at«
and contains 1,857 innabitants.
Roc H 8 ST B R , a townlhip in Ulfter co.
New. York, extending W. to Dehwarb
river. Jt is about 1 1 mile« 8. W. of Efo-
pus, and contains 1618 inhabitants, of
whom «i8 are ele<^ors, and iSi flavet.
RoCKAWAY, a fmall poft-town in
MoiTis CO. New-Jerfey, on the S. fide
of the river of its name, 15 miles N. by
W. of Morriftown, ai S. E. of Newton,
and IS3 N. E. by N. of Philadelphia.
RoCKBRiDOB, a mountainous county
of Virsrinia, bounded N. by Au|[ufta»
and 8. by James river, which divides it
from Botetourt co. It contains 6,54!
inhabitants, of whom 681 are flaves.
The Natural Bridse, fo elegantly def.
cribed by Mr. Jefferdn, in hu Notes oa
Virainia, is in this county.
KocK Fish, a north-wefteih branch
of James river, in Virginia, at tha
mouth of which is fome indifferent mar>
bleii generally variegated with red, bluci
and purple. It forms a large precipice,
which hangs over a navigable part of
the river. None of the nuurble has ever
yet been worked.
RoCKPoRD, a poft-town of N. Caro-
lina, 573 miles from Philadelphia.
RocKHiLL, a townfliip of Buck*a
CO. Penniyivania.
Rockingham, one of the five coun.
ties into which the State of New- Hamp*
Aiire is divided, it lies on the S. E^
part of the State $ having the Atlantic
Ocean on the S. E. tht county of Hilir.
■$}■■'
and
ROC
fc w t ugl iwuhc W. Strafad on tlie N.
Md tiM Aim of MkibckuAtu on tho 8.
It it about 60 m\Ut long* and }e broad.
It tmbracM the only fcaportf and rooft
of th« cooMmrcial towns in tht ftatt.
It contains 46 town(hip«» and 4]»i69
iahabitanta. Chief towns, Portimoutb,
Exeter* and Concord.
RocKiNOUAM, the north«eaftcm-
moft townlhip in Windham co. Ver-
mont, is fituattd on the weft banli of
ConneAicut river, which Separates it
front Walpole, in New-Hampdiire. It
contains i»}5 inhabitants.
RoaciNOHAM, aeountyof Salifltury
diftriA, N. Carolina, bounded ealt by
Cafwcll and weft by Stokes. On tlie
baniis of the Dan, which waters this
county, are large trafts 0^ fertile low
land. A furnace and forge have been
ereAed on Tr'ublelbme Creek. Iron
iore ia found in many parts of the coun-
ty. It cont^iins 6,1(7 inhabitants, in-
cluding 1,100 flaves.
Rockingham, the chief town of
Jlichmoad co. N. Carolina. It is I'eat-
cd on an eminence, about 6 miles eaft
Af Great Pedee river, and contains a
court-houfe, gaol, and a few dwelling.
houfirs. it is 74. miles from Hillfbo-
rough, 40 from Eethania* and 536 from
Philadelphia.
Rockingham, a mountainous co. of
Virginia, bounded north by Shenandoah,
and fbuth by Augufta. It contains
7,449l inhabitants, including 77* Haves.
Rockingham, a poft.town and the
feat of the courts of the above county,
is fituated on a biranch of Shenandoah
river, and contains a couit-houCe, gaol,
and about 30 houles. It is loD miles
eaft by north of the Svirect Springs, 25
N. W. by N. of Suunton, 5* S. W.
of Strafl)ut*g, in Pennfylvania, and a6s
8. W. ofPhilaiiaphia.
Rocky Meadowst called by the
French La PrmrU du Retber, on the
eaftern fide aS the rivsr Miflifippi, ix
miles northerly of Knlkalkias, and 3
ibutherly of Fort Chartres. About io
yean ago, it contained 100 white in-
tiabitants, wad 80 negtoes.
RocKEMBCKO, or Rockmejhit a
townlhip in Lincoln co. Diftrift of
Maine. In 1790, the plantations of
New Sandwich^ Livermore, and Rocko-
meflMi, contained 400 inhabitants.
RocKONCAMA, a pond of about a
pDi]t in circwmfcrwcc, ia tb; %%(^ pS
Ltm Mmd, New- York ItiC}, tetsMMi
Switkiown mmI lOip. It is cosrtbuMl^
ebbing and flowiag) rifing graduallf
for fcveral years, until it has arrivod !•
a certain height | and then faUs
rapidly to lulowcft bad.
Rocky Pato, on tba fbutk fbon of
Lake Eric, lies lo miks from tha bay of
Sandulky.
Rocky, afmaUrivcrof N. CaraHna,
which empties into Yadlun river.
Rocky Mmml, or trmkUB CmtrU
Htufi, in Virginia, where is • poft of-
fice, is «5 miks from Martiofburg, 49
- - - dtfehto.
Rocky 'ki^v^r^ in the N. W. Tcrrl-
from Liberty, and 1 )) fromPhiladm
tory, falls into the eaft fide of MURHpfi
river, about 70 miles bek>w the meiilli
of Mine river. A lead mine ettndi
from the mouth of this river on lliai
banks of the Miflifippi, mora than leo
miles upwards.
Roco Grtrndtt an liland on tbtfcont
of the Spani(h Main, in the W. Indisa.
N. lat. f I. 5. W. long <7. 39.
Rodney, Pei«/, on the N. W. catft
of N. America, is the N. wnnt of Nor-
ton Sound. Sledge Ifland is S. B. | B.
of it 4 leagues, between which and tht
continent is anchorage In 7 fathoms*
This point has its name in honour of
the celebrated Admiral, Lord Rodney*
N. lat. 64. 30. W. longf. 166. 3.
RoDRiovKS Kijt on the coaft oC
Florida, a pretty large mangrove ifland^
one of tlie Tortii^s, lying off Key
Largo, and bears from Tavemies* Key
N.N. E. i E. 5 miles. The roots of
the trees are always overflowod. N.
lat. »5. W. lone. ax. 17.
ROBBTTCK Iflandt at the eaftem ex-
tremity oi Lake Ontario. See Fmrtfi
Ifiand.
Rogers' Roadt fo called from the
perfon under whole dire6Uon it waa
made, in 1790. It leads tinuugh Clin*
ton CO. in New- York State into Canadii|
and is much iii'ed in winter, when paf-
Hng the lakct is often dangerous, and
always uncomfortable.
RoGERSviLLB, the chief town of
Hawkin's co. Tenneflce. The road
from Knoxville to Philadelphia, 65*
miles paffes by Rogerfville, Rofa's Fur-
nace, Abingdon, EngliHi's Ferry, on
New-River, Bie Lick ; Peytonfbui^
Rockbridge, Lexington, Stau: ton,
New-market, Wincbefter, /rederick-
to^; York ud JUncftfter.
KOLAND'I
4^ n b M
R<)tAND*s Tatte^ on the main Land
«f the B. coaft of the diftri£l of Gafpee,
in Lower Canada, and W. part of the
Oulfof St. Lawrence, is a flat moun.
tain, which (hews itfelf off to feaward ;
ap|)ears above fevrral others, and ferves
to find out Ifle Percfe, orPieixed liland,
1 5 miles from Cape Gafpee. The Ifland
of Bonaveiitufa is 3 niiles beyond it.
RoLliNG Fori, a main (buthern
branch of Salt river in Kentucky. The
towns of Lyftra and Beallbiirg ftand
«n this river.
Roman, CV^, on the coaft of South-
Carolina. From hence to Charlefton
light- houfe the courfe is W. S. W. I
\V. SI leagues. N. )»t. 33. 5. W long.
79. 30.
' Roman, Co^, on the coaft of Flo-
rida, is xo| leagues N. W. by N. of
Cape Sable, the S. W. pohfit of thejw-
vinf'ula of Florida.
Roman, Cape, on the north coaft of
Tcna Firma, is the north point of the
jKnin.tila which is the eaft limit of the
Oulf of Venezuela. Near to it on the
"north, are a number of rocks, and due
aaorth of it is the ifland of Oriia, or
Aruba, belonging to the Dutch, 8 or 9
leagues diliant.
Romano, or Romano Cayo, a fmall
ifland off the north fhore of the iiland
of Cnba. It is long and narrow, and
•at the eaftern extremity of that duller
of ides called the Ki1ng*$ Garden.
KoMB, a poft-town of Nfw-York,
Herkimer co. on Mohawk river, i(
tniles wtft of Whiteftown, and 376
miles from Philadelphia. This town-
fliip was taken from Steuben, and in-
corporated in 1796. Fort Stanwix,
caileii alio New F<u°t SchujHer, is in this
town.
ROMNEY, die chief town -of Hamp-
fliirc CO. Virginia, contains about 70
dwclling-lioutcs, a brick . court- hoiifc,
and a ftonegaol. It is Htuated on the
weftern bank of the S. VV. branch r f
■Patowmac river, 50 mileil W. by N. of
Wincheller, 15 N. E. by N. ol Moor-
fitlds, and 18 S. W. of Old-Town, in
Alleghany co. Peniifylvania. It is a
poft town, and is 241 miles W. by S.
of Phila'Iriphia.
KoMOPACK, a village in Bergen co.
■New-Jtrfey, on Romopack river, 15 or
■«o miles north of Pa terfun.
I Romulus, a miUtary townihip in
MvW-Yoik State, Onondago co. be-
lt O 8
tween Seneca and Cayuga Lakes. Tlit
high road to the ferry at Cayuga Lake
runs through its northern part. It was
incorporate in 1794; and has within
its jurildi£lion the townfliips of Juniua
and Galen, together with the l^rtds ly-
iiig weft of Hannibal and Cato, north
of^the townfliip of Galen, and S. of
Lake Ontario, and that part of the
lands referved to the Cayuga nation of
Indians, weft of Cayuga Lake. In the
year 1796, 1x3 of its inhabitants were
elc£lbrs.
R.ONDE, or Kbonde JJIand, one of the
Grenadines, dependant on the ifland of
Grenada, in the Weft Indies ; fituated
about mid-way between Cariacou and
the north end of Grenada, about four
leagues from each. It contains about
500 acres of excellent land, which a'e
wholly applied to paftiu-age, and the
cultivation of cotton.
KOPB Ferry, a ferry acrofs a bay in
the town of New London, in ConneAi-
cut } 4 miles S. W. by W. of Nev)?..
London city, on the pon-road to Nevi^>
Haven. I'he bay fets up from Long
Ifland Sound, between MiUftone Point
and Black Point in Lyme. In Auguft,
1796, a bridge 500 feet long, was built
acrofs this ferry, 2 miles above MiUftone
Point, where the water is 18 feet deep.
The bridge is 94 feet broad, with a Aid-
ing draw.
KOQJUB, Cape, on the coaft of Brazil,
north'-wcftward of Cape St. Auguftine.
S. lat. 6. ao. W. long. 37. 30.
KosA, a cape in the ifland of St. Do-
mingo, E- N. E. I E. of Cape Dame
Maitie, the Aveftern point of the iflandf
diftant about 7 leagues.
RcSA, ox St. Rofe''i, an extenfvve bay
on the coaft of Weft-Florida, fti»tching
about 30 miles to the north eaft', and is
from 4 to 6, miles broad. The bar be-
fore it l.as only 7 or eight feet wafer,
where dccpeft } but within there is 16 or
17, as tar a^ the Red Bluff on the main
land. 1 he ptninfula between this bay
and that of Penlacola, on th«f wtft, is
from I to 3 or 4 miles broad. It is gei
ncraUy a very poor, fandy foil, produc-
ing, in fome places, large pines and live
oak. I'he largeft river that falls into
the bay is Chai^H-Hatcha, or Peariver,
which runs from the ncM'th-eaft, and in-
ters the eafte'n extremity of the bay
through fevr \ mouths, hut fo ftioal
that only a Imali boat or canoe can pal4
th»:4p^
ROS
fhem. Mr. Hutchint afcended !t about
»5 leagues, where he found a finall
party of the Coufl'ac Indians.
Rosa, or Rofe IJtandt extends along
the mouth of the above bay, and is aboiut
50 miles long, and no where above half
a mile broad. The channel at the en ft
end of the ifland is fo choaked up with
a lar^e (hual, in fome nlaces dry, that
the deepeft water is only 4. or 5 feet ;
and the channel between Rofe Ifland
and the main is barely fufficient for
boats or pettiaugers.
Rosalie, for/, is fmiated in the
weftern territory of Georgia, in the
Natchei countiy, on the eaft fide of the
MiiTifippi, in lat. 31. 40 j 24.3 miles
above New-Orleans.
Roseau, the capital of the ifland of
Dominico, in the Weft-Indies. It is
now calkd Charlottetown, and u iitu
ated in St George's parifti, about feven
leagues from Prince Rupert's Bay, It
is on a point of land on the fbtith-weft
fide of the ifland which forms two bays,
viz. Woodbridge's Bay on the north,
and Charlotteville Bay to the fouthward.
Roieau is about half a mile in length
from Charlottevil'e to Rofeau rivei, and
moftly two furlings in breadth, but is
of an irregular figure. It contains more
than 500 houles, befides cottages occu-
pied by negroes. Whilll in pofleflion
of the French, it contained upwards of
1,000 houfes. N. lat. 1 5. 15. W. long.
61. 27.
Rose, St. or Jayna. The eftablifli-
ments in the plain of St Role, and thole
on the banks of the Jayna, on the fouth
fide of the ifland of St. Domingo, are
looked upon as depending on the city
of St. Domingo. They aie reckoned
to contp.in, at leaft, »,ooo perlbiis ; for
the molt part people of dolour, free and
flaves. The river Jayna is 3 leagues
W. of that city. Tb'r parifli of St. Kofe
or Jayna, which has in its dependency
the ancient rich population of Bonn-
venture, is now reduced to a handiul
of individuals, whofe employment is the
breeding of cattle or the walhing ot
gold land. Towads the Iburce ot the
Jayna, and near the town of St. Role,
wtre the celebrated gold mines ot St.
Chriftopher j in the neighbourhood of
which Columbus erected a fort by the
name of St. Chriftopher.
Roseway, Portt a populous fea-
port towni on the Ibuth-call coaft of
R O U
4^5
Nova-Scotia, northeaft by eaft of Cape
Negro and if arbour.
Roseway JflandWmt the nioutK
of Port Wager, on the fouth-eaft coaft
of Nova- Scotia.
RosiA, Cape in Penobfqot Bay, Dif«
tri£l of Maine.
Ro!<iERs, Cape, thefuuth liinit of the
mouth of the river St. Lawrence ; from
whence it is 90 miles acrufs to the north
fliore, meafuring by the weft end of the
ifland of Anticofti.' This is the eaftem-
moft point of the diftri6l of Gaipee, in
Lower Canada. It has Floreil Ifle and
Cape Gafpee on the fouth. N. lat. 48.
56. W. long. 63. 40.
RossiGNOL, Port, en the fouthern
coalt of Nova-Scotia, a haibour to the
Ibuth-wert of Port de L'Heve.
RossrcNOL, a confiderable lake in
Nova- Scotia, between Liver|>ool and
Annapolis. The Indians lay it is the
main iburce of Liverpool and Petit riv-
ers. It has been a p'ace of relbrt for
the Indians, on account of the favour.'^
able hunting grounds upon it.
Rotterdam, or Anamocoe IJle, ojje ,
of the Friendly Iflands, lituated on the
north of Amfterdam Ifle ; remarkable
for its fertility and the peaceable diipo-
fition of the inhabitants.
Rotterdam, A^^w, a new fettle-
ment on the north fideot Oneida Lake,
in the State of New- York.
Rouge, Cape or Red Cape, on the
N. fide of the illand of St. Dominico, in
tiie W. Indies, lies 4 leagues weftward
of Point li'abellica
Rouge River, in Louifiana, is fo
called from its waters being of a red
colour, and faid to tinge thole of the
Miflilippi in the time ot the floods. It
riles in New-Mcxic, and, after running
about 600 miles, jc.ins the MiflTilippi 187
mi v.'s above New.Or!e»ns, 56I miiet
lielow Fort Rolalie ; 30 miles from its
mouth it receives Noir, or Black river.
Near 70 leagues up Rouge river the
French had a confuicrable poft called
Natciiitothes. It was a frontier to the
cjpanilh fettlements, being 20 miles froni
Foil Ailuyes.
K ouGt Chapeau, or Red Hat, a cape
oil tlie coalt ot N. America. N. lat.
:^6. 51. W. long. 55. 16.
Round Buy, a fin^ bay, with good
anchoiage, lituated on the weft fide of
the ifland of St, Lucia, in the Weft-
Indies.
R0VM»
47^
ROX
R<nnif>» Captt on the coaft of L^
iMdor in N. America.
RovND Mm(6, Indians inhabiting on
Hiviefc aux Tetes Bowlesr«i- Round
ttcad river, iii N. America. Warriors,
9,eoo.
RoOND JJtoHdt a froall iiland on the
«o«ft of Weft. Florida, lies 5 miles north
tnm^ and oppofite to the middle of
Horn Illand, and is well timbered.
Round Rockt one of the Virgin
Ifiaads* nort h of G inger Ifland . N . iat .
at. 10. W. long. 6s. 53.
Rowan, one of the moft populous
cowuies of N. Caixtjina, In Saltfbury
4UlriA ; bonndcd aoith by Iredell, and
Ibiith by Cabarrus. It contains 1 5,828
aabtbitants, including 174a flaves.
Ro WE, a townfhip in the north-weft-
«ni comer of Hampfhire co. Miiflkchu-
fttts ) bounded north by the State of
Vermont, and 130 miles north-weft of
)|pfton. Itis watered by Deerficld riv-
«r, and contains 443 inhabitants.
Rowley, a townfliip of Maflachu-
letts, Eflex co. having Newbury on the
■wtlk-caft and contains two pariflies, be-
fide» a fociety of Ansbaptifts . The in-
liabitants, 177s in number, are moftly
famera. Near its bounds with New-
Irnry, fome fpeclmens of black lead have
been diftovercd, and it is thought there
u a confiderable body of it, which may
be, hereafter, an obje£l of confequence.
It i» 5 or 6 miles north by weft of Ipf-
wich, and 16 north by eaft of fiofton,
and was incorporated in 1639.
RoxA9, Haite de, the heights in the
4fiftiiA of Bayaguana, in the middle of
the caftern pait of the ifland of St. Do-
•niagi^ are fo called. Here Valverde
&w, atter having long fought for it in
^rain, a little qnadrupM, which in form
pnd fize refembled a fucking pig of a
ftnnieht old, except that its fnout was
m Ktt^ longer. It had but very little
Bair, which was as fine as that of the
idogs called Cbinfi/e. The town of Ba-
Jaguana is about 4 leagues fouth eaft
y eaft of Bay a.
ROXBOROVCH* a townftiipof Penn-
^Ivania, fituated in Philadelphia coun«
•y-
ROXBVRY, a pleafant town in Nor-
folk CO. MaflUchufetts, one mile fouth
weft of Bofton. The townftiip is now
divided into 3 parifhes, and was fettled
in 1630. In the s parifhes are t,ai6
jiriMbitanta. The «aft pariA in tkii
town hat lately been connefted wrltli
Bofton harbour by a canal. The Rev.
John Elliot, the Apoftle of the Indians,
was ihe firit minifter who fettled here.
He tranflated the Bible and other pi.
ous books, into the Indian language }
and founded many religious fociettes
among the Indians. Thofe o( Natici
and Ma/bpttt few in number, remain to
this day. He died in 1670, after being
paftor 60 years.
RoXBVRY, a townflilp in the weftern
part of Orange co. Vermont, having
only 14 inhabitants.
RoxBURY, a townfliip of Morris co,
New-Jerfey, on Mufconecunk river, 15
miles from its confluence with the De«
laware, and 45 miles north of Trenton.
Near it is a mineral i'pring.
Roxo, a cape near the S. W. part of
Porto Rico IHand, and due fouth of
CapeRincon. N. Iat. 18. 11. W. long.
67- S3.
Royal Bay, is a fliort diftanee to
the eaft fuutherly of Boon's Point, at
the north part of the ifland of Antig\ik
in the Weft-Indies.
Rmyal Ijfle, a fmall fertile ifland m
the ri\ cr St. Lawrence ; 60 miles below
Lake Ontario. The French fort on it
was taken by Gen. Amherft, in 1760,
Royal's River^ in Cumberland co.
Maine, empties into Cafco Bay, in the
townfliij) of North-Yarmouth.
RoYALTON, a townflup in Windfor
CO. Vermont, north- weft of Hartford, ou
White river, and contains 748 inhabi-
tants.
RoYALSTON, a townftiip of Mafla-
chufetts, V/orcefler, 40 miles north-
weft by north of Worcefter, and 70
north -weft of Bofton. It was incorpo<
rated in 1665, and contains 1,130 in-
habitants. Miller's river runs through
this town from the eaft.
RvATAN.or Rattan^ an ifland in the
Bay of Honduras, 8 leagues from the
Mofquito fliure, and about 100 weft by
fouth of the illand of Jamaica. It is 39
miles long and 1 3 bruad, naturiilly for-
tified with rocks and flioals, except the
entrance into the harbour, which is lb
narrow that only one fliip can pals it at
a time ; the haibour is one of the Aneft
in the world, and can aftbrd fafe an-
chorage for 500 fail of fliips. It was
totally uninhabited until 1741, when the
Britifli uniler the command of Major.
Crawford> began a iettkaxnt, in order
being
R U P
to proteft the log-wood cuttert, and &-
cure a trade with the Spaniards of Gu-
atimala, for cochineal, indigo, &c.
but it was foon abandoned. N. lat.
17. 6. W. long. 88. 12.
RuGE ley's Mills, inS. Carolina, are
about II miles north of Camden, near
the wefternmoft branch of Lynchers
Creek. Here General Greene retreat-
ed, in May, 1781, to wait for reinforce-
ments, after his repulfe at Camden, and
to prevent fupplies reaching it.
RuissEAU, Grand, a fettlement on
the eaftern fide of the river Mlilifippf,
and in the N. W. Territoiy, which,
with the villages of St. Philip and Prai-
rie- du-Rochers, contained, in 1792, 240
inhabitants.
RvM^ORD. See Concord, in New-
Hampftiire.
Rumi-Ramba, a plain near Quito in
Peru, full of large fragments of rocks,
thrown thither from a volcano, for-
merly in the famous mountain of Pi-
chincha.
Rum Key, one of the Bahama IHands.
N. lat. 23. 52. W. long. 74.. 17.
RUMNEY, or Romney, a townfhip of
New-Hamplhire, fituated in Grafton
CO. on a tiorth branch of Baker's river,
about 7 or 8 miles north- weft of Ply-
mouth, on the weft fide of the Pemige-
waflTet. It was incorporated in 1767,
and contains 411 inhabitants.
Runaway Bay, on the north-weft
coaft of the ifland of Antigua ; fituated
between the fort on Corbizon's Point
to the north, and Fort Hamilton to the
fouth. Off it lie rocks and ftioais.
Runaway Bay, on the north coaft
of the iiland of Jamaica, wcftward of
Great Laughlands river and Mumby
Bay, and 9 or 10 miles eaftward of Rio
Bueno.
Rupert, the north-rweftemmoft
townihip of Bennington co. Vermont.
It contains 1033 inhabitants.
Rupert's Bay, at the N. W. end
of the ifland of Dominica, in the Weft-
Indies, aftbrds good flielter from the
winds, and is deep, capacious and fan-
dy. It is the principal bay of the
ifland, and on it is ereaed the town of
Portfmouth.
Rupert's Fort, at the bottom of
Hudfon's Bay, in North America, is
fituated on a river of the fame name,
on the eaft fide of James's Bay) be-
twc«n Sla4,« liTfr qp .Uif nortb^ lod
RUT 47r
Nodway river on the fouth* N. lat* 51.
50. W. long. 80. 5.
RuPERj's IJUmdt the moll wcfterl^
of the four iflands in the ftraits of Ma*
fellan, which fonn the S. fide of Roy4
leach.
RussELX,Bco. of Virginia, bduadei
north by Greenbrier^ and fouth by Lee
county . B«fore Lee was erected out of
this county, it conttuned 3338 inhidM.
tants, including 190 (laves.
Russell, a townfliip in Hampfluie
CO. MafTachufetts, 15 mile» weft of
Springfield, and 108 weft by fouth of
Bofton. It was incorporated in 1792*
Rutherford, a county of Morgaa
diftri£t, N. Carolina, bounded north hf
Burke and fouth by the State of S. Caro-
lina. In 1790 it contained 7808 inhabi-
tants, including 614 flaves ; but a lugir
county has been lately formed out of it.
Rutherford-Town, the capital of
the above county. It contains a court.
houfe, a gaol, and a few dwelling- honfet.
Ruthsborough, a village in Queeai
Anne's co. Maryland, on Tuckahoc
Creek, 6 miler. S.£. of CenterviUej :md
^\ N. W, of Greenfborough.
Rutland, a county of Vermanc,
bounded north, by Addifon co. eaft by
Windfor, fouth by Bennington^ and
weft by New- York. Otter Creekf afil
other ftreams, water this county. It
has alfo numerous lakes or ponds, wdl
ftored with 'ifli } the chief ot thefe, ane
Lakes Bombazon, and St. Auftin } the
former in Hubberton and Caftletwi^
and the latter in Wells. It contaiaa
25 townfhips, and 15*565 inhabitants*
Here are 14 forges, 3 furnaces, and a
flitting-mill.
Rutland, a poft-town of Vermont,
and capital of the above county, on Ot-
ter Creek, 55 miles from the mouth tii
that creek in Lake Champlain; 57
miles northerly of Bennington, 45 W.
by N. of Windfor, and 3 59 N. E by N.
of Philadelphia. This town and Wind-
for, are to be ■*ltei'nately the feat of
government for the State. It con-
tains a Congregational church, a court-
houfe, and about 60 houfes. N. lat^
43. 34. 30. W. long. 72. 50. 30. The
mean heat here, according to Dr.
WilliamSf ia 43 (
Leaft heat «i
Greateft heat 92
The townfliip contains 1407 inhabitants.
Pipe day if fevioil bcre^ wUch has bc«a
wrought
^y% SAB
wrought tnto crucibles that Ipravt Verj^
durable.
Rutland, a townfliipof Maflfachu-
Mttt Wercefter CO. 14 miles N. W. of
VTorcefter, and 56 W. of Bofton. The
town was incorporated in ^7^^^ and
contains 107* inhabitants.
Rye, a townihip in New Hampfliire,
on the fea-coaft of Rockingbnm co. op-
pofite the Ifle of Shoals, and i miles S.
of Portfmouth. It wa» incorporated in
1719, and contains ^65 inhabitants.
The coaft ztfonU excellent fait hay.
Ryb, a townfliip of New-York, Weft-
Chefter co. on LonR-Jfland Sound j 36
wiles N. E. from New-York city. It
contains 986 inhabitants, of whom 154.
are qualified eleftors, and 113 (laves.
Rye, a townlhip In Cumberland co.
Pennfylvania.
Rybgate, the S. eaftemmoft town-
ihip of Caledonia co. Vermont, and
feparated from Bath in Ncw-Hamp-
Ibire on the call, by Connecticut river.
It contains 187 inhabitants.
SABA, one of the Carlbbee Iflands,
in the Weft-Indies, belonging to
the Dutch, alwut i» miles in circumfe-
rence. It is 13 miles N. W. of St.
Euftatia, and 30 S. W. of St. Bartho-
lomew. N.lat. 17. 39. W, long. 63. 17.
Saba, Little, one of the fmaller Vir-
gin Iflands, fitiiated to the fouth of St.
Thomas, and belongs to the Danes.
Sable, Cape, the fouth-weftemmoft
point of the province of Nova-Scotia.
N. lat. 43. 24. W. long. 65. 39. Varia-
tion of the needle, in 1787, 12. 15. W.
Sable, Cape, the S.W. point of the
peninfula of Florida; 33 leagues E. N.
E. i E. of the S. W. point of the Dry
Tortuga Shoals. N. lat. 14. 57. W.
long. 81. 5%.
- Sable, Great and Little, two rivers
emptying into Lake Champlain from
the wilt fide. Great Sable River is not
far from the Saranac, and is fcarcely 60
yards wide. On this ftreain are re-
markable falls. The whole dcfcent of
the water is about 100 feet, in feveral
pitches, the greatcft of which is 40 fieet
perpendicular. At the foot of it the
water is unfathomable. A large pine
has been feen, in a frefliet, to pitch over
fodwifc, aod reniain i^reral mlnuieii
SAC
underwater. The flream is confined
by high locks on either iide, a fpace ot'
40 feet) and the banks at the falls are
at leaft as mtlny feet high; In a frelhct^
the flood wood frequently lodges, and
in a fevtr mitiutes the water dies to full
banks, and then burfts aw^ay its obftruc'
tions, with a moft tremendous crafli-
ing.
Sable, an ifland fouth-eaft off Cape
Breton 35 leaguest It is narrow, dreary,
and barren. N. lat. 441 1 5. W.long. 6oi
Sable Point, on the weft fide of the
ifland of Newfoundland. N. lat. 504
a4. W. long. 57. 35.
Sables, Riviere aux. See Black
River, a water of Lake Ontario.
SACATECOLULA,or Lacattculuh, on
the weft coaft of Mexico, 11 miles from
Limpa river. There is a burning moun^
tain near the town of the fame name.
The volcano of St. Salvadore, is more
northerly about 30 miles, and 1 2 eaft-
ward of Bernal.
Sac, Grande Riviere du Cul de, n,
river of the ifland of St. Domingp,
which rifes in Montagne de la Selle, by -
two branches ) takes a femicircular
courfe of 12 leagues, and runs weftward
into tlK lea, about two leagues north-
ward of Port au Prince.
Sackville, a townOiip of Nova-
Scotia, Cumberland co. on Chegne6l*
Balbn, called by the French Beau Bafin,
and Tintamare, and the N. fide of the
River au Lac.
S Aco Falls, fituated on Saco river, are
5 miles from the fea. The river is here
divided by Indian Ifland, coiififting of
about 30 acres of land, and on each fide
of it tumbles over a precipice of rock»,
and mixes with the tide. The profpeA
from the eaft fide of the Ifland is very
liiblime and inajeftic. From the begin-
ning of the falls, to the tide below, the
difl:erence of iieight is above 40 feet.
There are many corn and faw- mills ;
on the falls, and bdow the iflind is ;i
fine bafon, where veflels take in their
cargoes. Salmon Falls are 10 niiica
above this.
Saco River is one of the three largeft
rivers in this diftridl. The principal
part of its waters fall frim the White
Mountains. Its courfe, fome diflance
from its fourcc, is fouthwardly; it then
fuddenly bends to the raft, and crofies
into the DiftriCl of Maine; and then
make« a larce b«nd to the N. E: and
S. W.
^ AC
SAC
479
t^. W. embri^cing the finn townlhlp Af I month's iiege i but by the treaty o#
fi7eburg, in the county of York. Its peace it was relloreil.
general coitrfe thence to the fcais S. £.
Great and Little OiTipee rivers tiall into
it from tlie weft. This river is naviga-
fcfle for (hips to Saco Fails, about 6 miles
from the lea. Htre the river is broken
by Indian Ifland, over which is the|)oft'
road. A bridge is thrown over each of
the branches. A number of mills are
cre£Vcd here« to whicli lugs are floated
from 40 or 50 miles above ; and veflels
can come quite to the mill» to take i«'
the lumber. Four miUion feet of pine
boards were annuaUy fawed at trefe
mills before the war. The mouth of
this river lies 4. miles E. of Cape Por-
poife. There is a bar which will not
allow a veflel of above 100 tuns burden
to pals, if fully loaded. Witliout the
bar, and between Fletcher's Neck and
the main land, is a i)Ool, wherein vellels
of any fize may lie at all feafons of the
year, and take in their ladings at plea-
iiire. On the weft fide of the river a
fmall neck of land divides it from the
pool, which might be eafily cut, and fo
iave the hazard of palTing the bar. On
the branches of this river, as well as on
the main Aream, are a great many mills I
•nd valuable works : 30 miles from the
fea, a fmall ftream, iflliing from Little
OlHpeepond, inNew-Uamplhire, joins
it i and so miles further up Great OiH-
Ee river, from another pond, in New-
amplhire, fwe)ls the Saco, and impels
its courfe. Proceeding up the Sfxo, its
fource is found on the fide of the White
Mountains, in New- Hampfhire. From
thefe mountains the waters run into
Connecticut, Saco, and Androfcoggin
rivers. Saco river meanders through
the ancient Indian village of Peckwal-
ket, 60 miles fromtlie lea. In 1775, a
new river burft into the Saco, from the
White Mountains, and ftill continues
to aid Saco and a branch of it, called
Ellis's river. A mixture of iron ore,
jave the wjaters a red colour for a few
lays, and the people on tlte upper
banks had a report, that tiie river was
bloody, which they con tide red as an ill
•men to the public concenis.
Sacrament, Si. the S. wefternmoft
Portugueie fettlement in Brazil, being
oppofite to Buenos Ayres, on the fouth-
frn fide of the river La Plata. It is
alfo called Sacraments Colonial and was
taken by tht Spaiyardt in 1762, after a
Sacrifices JJIaHd, on the weft eam^'--
of New Mexico, is about 3 miles weft-
ward of a fmall ifland tailed the Water*
ing Ifl.ind, and la miles from Coi«l»
river.
Saddle-Back, an ifland inHudfon**
Bay. N. lat« 67.. 7. W. long. 6S. 13.
It lies nearly due weft of Terra Nieva*
SADDL.E Rivert a village in Berge*
cov New-Jerfty,
SADsBURYr a townAip in Chefter
CO. Pennfylvania.
Sagadahock was formerly the namt
of Kennebeck river, in the Diftrift of
Maine, after it receives Androfcoggin
river. See Kennebeck riiw, and M/rtjjf
Meeting Bay,
Sacadahock, a great part of th*
Diftri^l of Maine was formerly fo call-
ed. In tlie grant by Kinz Charles II.
to hisr brother the Dukt or York, thift
territory was deCcribed in the following;
manner t "All that part of the main,
land of New- England, beginning at »
certain place called St. Croix, adjoining
to New-Scotland in America, and frona
thence extending along the iiea coaft, to
a certain place called Pimaquin^ orPema-
quid,and lb up the river thereof to itsfur«
theft head as it tends to the northward*
and extending from thence to the river
Q^enebec, and fo up by the (hoiteft
courfe to the river of Canada north-
ward.'** This tra£t was called theDuke
of York's Property, and was annexed
to the government of New- York, At
the revolution, in 168S, it reverted t*
the crown,
SAGAMOND.ariyeroftheN.W.Ter-
ritory, which has a fouth-eaft courfe*
and enters Illinois river, 30 miles below
Demi Quian river, and 135 from the
Miflifippi. It is ICO yards wide at iti
mouth, and is navigable for fmall boat*-
or canoes upwards of iSo miles.
Sagatuck /{/I'^r, a fmall river of
Conne£licut, which riles in Ridgefield,
in Fairfield co. pafles through Reading
nnd Wefton, and running ibuthward*
I'eparates Fairfield from Norwalk, and
empties inro a harbour of its own nan^e
in Long- Ifland Souml.
Saganum, or Sagana Bayj in thft
foiith.weil part of Lake Huron, is about
8o miles in length, and li or ao milea
broad. Aroiuid it live the Chippeway
Indiai|[S.
Sacbmpaqo*
^^ 8 A I
Saompaoo, a bead branch of Hud*
f»*« river. Its mouth U about >• milct
wtft 01 Fort Anne*
Sago HarbovRi a poftwtown and
imt of entry in the State of New- York,
Voiblk CO. at the eaft end of Long-
Mand. It containi a Prefl)ytei'ian
^urch and abont 50 houfe*. The
^vhale filhery from this harbour pro*
duced 1000 barrels of oil annually. Its
exports in 17S4. amounted to the value
of 676a dollars. It is i a miles N. W.
«f 8outhampttMi( 107 E. of New- York,
and 10a N. E. by E. of Philadel-
Idiia.
Sagvana, a bay In «■« north-eaft
comer of the Gulf of Mexico, on the
coaft of Florida, having numerous ifles
CO both 6des ; Cayos del Pagoi on the
fimth-eaft, and Farellon de Pagoi on the
mcth'weftward •
Sacoinai, or Si^^tutijft a laige river
of Canada which rites hx>m Lake St.
John, and after purfuing an eafterlv
courfe above 100 miles, eoiptiet through
the wei bank of the river St. Lawrence,
at the town and harbour of Tadouflac.
It ia about three quarters of a mile wide
at its mouth, and is from 80 to 90 f a-
dioms deep, but higher up it is wider ;
and the narrownefs of the channel greatly
increafes ita rapidity, though it is navi-
gable for the largeft veflels 45 leagues
mm its mouth. The harbour, called
Port Tadouflac, can affbixl convenient
anchorage for a 5 fail of (hips of war, and
la well fecured from all winds and
ftorms. It is deep, of a circular form,
and furrounded at a diftance with veiy
high rocks, except at the entrance. A
fmall ftream empties into it, i'uflicient
to water a fleet. The country in the
Tieinity abounds with marble.
Sao VE NAY River, Little, a river of
Labrador, which runs Ibuthward, and
empties into the St. Lawrence a fhort
way eaftward of the Seven Hies, and
weftwatd of Baibn river, N. lat. 50.
a8. W. long. 65.
Saiung Cove, on the fouthfideof
the ifland of Newfoundland, in the grear
bay wherein is fituated the bay of Tre-
pam. It is 6 miles N. ot Cape Pine.
Sail Roek. See St. Ambro/e.
St. Ann, C<0^,on the fouth fide of
the river St. Lawrence, near its mouth,
and en the north coaft of the diftri£l of
Gafpee, ui Lower Canada ; foutherly of
Cape Chat* N. lat. 48. ip W« m^
SAL
8t. ARira*a, a Attlement m the etl|
coaft of Cape Breton Ifland, which haa
a harbour.
St. ANNB*t^bMM&, 3 iflands fituated
in the bay of St. Louis ueMaraguan.
on the coaft of Brasil, S. America.
Saints, two iflands neak'Guadaloope
Ifland. bteZaiiaes.
Sal, £«, a rivar of New Spain. See
Odiaeam.
Sal, Rio Lagra dt, or River of the
S«lt Lake, on the coaft of Bratil, about
39 miles fouth- weft of Salgado river.
Salt Bay, or Baia Saluda, called
alfo SaUua, is 30 miles north of Cape
Toncoral, on the coaft of Chili, and on
theS. Pacific Ocean. It has a good
fliip-road, which is much reforted to by
coafting veflels, for loading lalt as well
as other produce. Good frefli water
mav be had near the road.
Sal ADA, an ifland in the Weft- In-
dies, whofe north-eaft point lies in lat.
10. 59. N. and long. 64. is. W.
Salada, or Stdt River, on the coa(l
of Peru, is within the hatbour of Pinasl^
on the N. Pacific Ocean.
Salac VA, Port, on the weft coaft of
New Mexico, is near the rough head-
I land called San Tiu;o, and 8 leaguei
from the Valley of Colima. Here are
two good harbours called Las Calletas,
or the Creeks, where many fliips may
ride. That to the north-weft is very
iafe, and huid-locked againft alt winds,
though fmaller than th^ other. Between
Saiugua and the White Rock (which
jouis the head-land) is the port of St.
Tioga. '^
Salamanca de Baealer, a fmall
but flourifliing town of Mexico, on thcr
eaft fide of tiK ifthmus which joins the
peninfuia of Yucatan to the continent.
It contains about lao houfes, with a
bad fort and a fmall ganifou, to pre*
vent contraband trade. N. lat. 17. s.
W. long. 90. 30.
Salamanib Riviere, a river of the
N. W. Territory, which empties into
the ^Vabafli from the N. N. E. 14 miles
be'dw the river, on the oppofite fide
called Ecor a Amelins, and ^65 miles
above Poft St. Vincent. It rlfes by two
branches, which unite ^bout 35 miiea
from its mouth, which lies in lat. 41^
3. 30 N. and long. 86. »5. W.
Salem, a Moravian fettlement in the
N. W. Territory, fituated on Muflcin-
(um tviv. It VM fedakcA io 1782,
andi
d AL
and plundered hy the Indiini, who were
alliet of the Britifli armv.
Salbm, a Moravian kttlement in the
N. W. Territory, Atuatni on the north-
eaft branch of Monortgahela river; 5
miles from Onadenhutten, on the oppo-
fite fide of the river r and 7S miles weft
of Pittfliurg. Congrefs granted 4,000
acres of iania to the United Bretht'rn, or
Moravians, Sept. 3, 1^88^ tor the pur.
pofe of propagating the Chriftian reli-
gion among the heathen.
Salbm, New, a Moravian fettlement
of Chriftian Indians, on Huron 1-iver,
and near Pettquotting, on the fouth fide
of Lake Erie. The plantations are on
the weft bank of the river, and the
dwelline-houfes on the eaft fide, which
is high land. In June, 1786, their new
chapel was confecrated, and is better
built thah that at Pillgerruh.
Salem, a county .of New-Jerfey,
bounded eaft by Cumberland, and weft
by Delaware river. It is. divided into
9 townfliips) thofe on Delaware river
are generally excellent for pafture, and
have large dairies. The land affords,
befides> fine banked meadows, which
produce flax, Indian corn, wheat, and
other grain ; but the people are fubje£t
to intermittent fievers. Here the (fa-
kers have 4 meeting-houfes, thi. ?re7&y.
terians 4, the Epifcopalians », the Ana-
baptifts 3, and the German Lutherans
one. It contains 10,437 inhabitants.
Alloway Creek, in this county, which
runs into the Delaware, is navigable 16
miles for fliailops, v/ith leverai obftruc-
tions of diaw-bridges.
Salbm, a poft-town of New-Jerfey,
and capital 01 Salem co. fituated on a
branch of Saleih Creek, about 3| miles
from its confluence with Delaware bay.
It contains a meeting-houfe tor Baptifts,
one for Qjiakers, and one for Method >
ifts; a court -houfe, gaol, and about
100 houies, molt of them built with
brick, and many of them elegant.
There is a wooden bridge over the creek,
and fo far velTels of 40 or 50 tons bur-
den can go up. It is xo miles north-
weft of Bridgetown, 1 1 Ibuth by wt ft
of Woodftown, and 37 fouth-weft by
fouth of Philadelphia.
Salem, -a townftiip of Vermont, Or-
leans co. at the Ibuth end of Lake Mcm-
phremagog.
Salbm, Ne-w,a townfttipin Rocking-
ham CO. N. Hampire^in the fouthrweft
SAL 4«t
comer of the connty, adjoirting Plif-
tow it A divided from Methuen by tM
Mo' . >0fetts tine. It was incorporated
in i75^t tnd contains f«i 8 inhabitants |
diftant 4s miles from Portfmouth.
Salbm, a port of entry and pofl-
town of MafTachnfetts, and the tapital
of Eflex CO. 4 miles north-weft of Mat"
blehead, 19 north by eaft of Bofton«
and 365 north-eaft by north of Phila-
delphia. It is the fecond town for fiM
in the Commonwealth, containing (in
1790) 918 houl'es and 7911 inhabitants^
and| exc-pt Plymouth, the oldeft, was
fettled in i6t8, by Governor Endicot,
and was called by the Indians, Naum-
ktagi Here are a fociety of Quakers^
an Epifcopal church, and 5 Congrega-
tional Ibcietiest The town is. fituated
on a peninfula, formed by two fmall in-
lets of the fea, called North and South
rivers. The former of thefe pafles in-
to Beverly harbour, and has a draw-
bridge acrofs it, built many years ago
at private expence* At this place foma
part of the mipping of the town is fit*
ted out ; but the principal harbour and
place for bufmefs is on the other fide
of the town, at South river, if that may
properly be called a river which depends
on the flowing of the fea for the water
it contains. So (Jioal is this harbour^
that vefl*els which draw more than 10 or
1 1 feet of water, muft be laden and mi-
laden at a diftance from the wharves hf ■
the aftiftance of lighters. Notwith-
ftanding this inconvenience, more navi-
gation is owned, and more trade car-
ried on in Salem, than in any port in
the Commonwealth, Bufton excepted.
The fiftiery, the trade to the Weft-In-
dies, to Europe, to the coaft of Africa,
to the Eaft.Indies, and the freighting
bufinefs from the fouthem States, ara
here all purlited with energy and fpirit.
A bank w:>s eftabliftied and incorpora-
ted here in 179*. The entcrprife of
the merchants of this place is equalled
by noth'.ng but their indefatigable in-
duftry and fevere economy. This lat-
ter virtue foims a diftint^iiifliing feature
in the chai-ac^ler of the people of this
town. Some perlbns of rank, intormer
times, having carried ir to an unbecom-
ing length, ^ave a chara6fer to the peo-
ple in general, of a difgraceful pailimo*
ny. But whether this reproach was cv^
jiiftly applied in lb txtenfive a meafure
or not, nothini^ <ian ba mora injoii-
H h «tit
4U SAt
out than lo continue it at the prelent
time I for it may juftly be faid of the in-
habitants of Salem at this day, that»
with a laudable attention to the acqiii-
fition of property, they exhibit a public
l}ririt and bofpitality, alike honourable
to themfelvea and their country. A
general plainncfs and neatnefi in drefs,
uildingt and et^oipase, and aceitain
ftillneft and gravity of manner, perhaps
in fome degree peculiar to commercial
people, difttnguilh them from the citi-
zens oF the metropolis. It is indeed to
lie widied that the fober induftry here
£o univerfally pra6lired, may become
more extenlive through the Union, and
form the national clmraAer of Federal
Americans. A court-ho>ife, built in
1786, at the joint eypenfeef the coun-
ty and town, forms a principal orna-
ment, and is executed in a ftyle of ar-
chite£hire that would add to the ele-
gance of any chy in the Union. The
lupreme judicial court holds a term
here the fecond Tuefday of November,
the courts of common pleas and fef-
fions, the fecond Tuefday of March
and September. A manufa6loiy of
duck and fail- cloth was lately inftituted
here, and in prolectited with much fpirit.
The melancholy dehifion of 1692, re-
fpeAing witchcraft, originated in thif
town, in the family of the Rev. Mr.
Paris, the then minifter, and here was the
principal theatre of the bloody buiinels.
At the upper end of the town, at a place
called, from the number of executions
which took place there, CaUonus Hill,
the graves of the unhappy I'uffertrs may
yet be traced. Though this unfortunate
and difgracefnl bulmefs was chiefly
tranfafted here, it is we'l known that
the leading people, both of church and
State, in the colony, took an a£tive part
in it. UnjuA therefore and highly ab-
furd it is to fix a peculiar odium on the
town of Salem for what was the general
weakncfs or crime of the country. The
town of Salem is connected with Biver-
ly by Eflex bridge, upwards of 1 500
net in length, erc^cd in 1789. It is
Jiigh water here, at full and change, 3c
tninutes after 1 1 u'clork.^ The works
for the t'efence of the harbour conijit
pf a fort and citadel. A gate remains
to be made, and fome repairs to tht-
walls. Salem village; lee Danvers.
ti. lat. 42. 30. W. long. 70. 50.
|Ai.«M« a towoOup in WcU-ChdUr
CO. New York, bounded n&ttW tnd
foutherly by the State of ConneAtcut,
and wefterlv by Poundridge and Bed*
ford townftiips and Croton river. It
contains 1453 inhabitants) of whom
soa are ele6lors, and 19 (laves.
Salem, a townfhip on the £. boundS'
of Wafliington co. New York, bound,
ed wefterly by Argyle, and foutherly
by Albany co. It contains «,i 86 inha-
bitants } of whom 36t are elcAors, and'
22 flaves.
Salkm, the name of two townfliipsp
of Pennfylvania, the one in Luzerne co.
the other in that of Wellmoreland.
Salem, a poft-town of North-Caro«
lina, Stokes co. on the W. fide of Wackr
Creek, which, with other dreams, forms
the Gargalis, and empties into Yadkin
river. It contains above s<oo houfes,
regularly builty and chiefly occupied by '
tradefmen. A paper-mill has been
erected here by the Moravians, which
is veiy ufeful. The Moravians formed
this fettlement in 1766. It is 16 n^iles
S. E. of Ararat or Pilot mountain,li;
N. E.byN.of Salifbury,and 531 S. W^
by W. of Philadelphia.
Salem, the chief town of Surry co.
in Salilbury diflri£l, North-Carolina.
Saxford, Vppfr and LewtTf two
townfliips in Montgomery co. Pennfyl-
vania.
Salgado, a river on the S. coaft of
Brazil,^ 1 3 leagues N. £. of Rigo Lagoa
de Sal, or Salt Lake river. It is navigable
only for fmall boats, but the harbour is
I very good, lying behind the fands.
Salinas, on the weft fliore of the
Gulf of Mexico^ lies notthward of Pa-
nuco river, and nearly under the tropic
of Cancer. W. long.- 99. 30.
Salinas, Cape, on the coaft of Ter-
ra Firma, lies oppofite the N. W. point
of the ifland of Trinidad, which forms
the paflage called the Gulf of Paria f
30 leagues S. or S. bv W. from Cape
Tres Puntas, or Th « Points.
Salinas Gulf, on the weft coaft of
Mexico, N. W. of the, ifland of Cano,
which is N. N. W.^ of Cape Baruco,
The ifland Cano is in lat. 8. 40. N.
Salinas, Great, or Salt Bay, on tha
coaft of Brazil, is fouth-eaft of Caps
Cors. The entrance into the harbour
>!> in lat. 3. 40. fuuth, and N. E.^ trom its
mouth, lie Salinas Shoals, or Baxos de
Salina. It is a noted harbour for (hipa-
comiBgt^lpgdiiUu
HAUNAly
fiAt
iALiMAt, a harbour on the coaft of
Penif between Panridge Strandt and
Ouacot vhich diftance is ix miles north
of the Rock called Maltefi, the outer-
moft of that gtoup of rocks. This
harbour affords nothing but flicker.
Salinas, a point on the fouth coaft
of the ifland of St. Domingo, has to the
N. N. W. the celebrated bay of Ocoa,
which laft is tS leagues W. S. W. of
the city of St. Domingo.
Salinas Shoab, due north from the
(hore of the north coaft of Brazil ix
miles, but are joined to it hy a reef of
iand la miles in length, and about half
a mile in breadth ; and on which no
large fliips muft venture. They lie off
the harbour of Salinas ; and ought to
be attended tc by fliips that come out to
the N. E. from that harbour.
SALiNfi, a hamlet, commonly called
^e Satinet in Louifiana, fituated on the
weft bank of the river Miflifippi, at the
mouth of a creek, 4 miles below St.
Genevieve. Here all the fait is made
which is ufed in the Illinois country,
from a fait fpring which is at this place.
It is near o miles S. W. by S. from Kaf-
kalkias village.
Salinas, a bay near the S. E. point
of the ifland of Martinico, and weftward
of *ht point fo called.
Salisbury, a fertile diftrift of N.
Carolina, which comprehends the coun-
ties of Rockingham, Guilford, Mont-
? ornery, Stokes, Suny, Iredell, Rowan,
labarras, and Mecklenburg. . It is
bounded N. by the State of Virginia,
and S. by the State of S. Carolina. Iron
ore is found in feveral parts, and works
have been ere£led which manufa£lure
pigt bar-iron, &c. to a confiderable
amount j tobacco of pood quality is
cultivated here, and the planters are
wealthy. It contains 66,480 inhabi-
tants, of whom only 8,138 are Haves.
Salisbury, thecapital of the above
^iftri£l, and a poft-town, is fituated in
Rowan co. on the N. W. fide of Cane
Creek, about 5 miles from its junction
with Yadkin river. It contains a court
houfe, gaol, and about 100 houfes. It
$s a flourifliing place, in the midft of a
£ne country, and lies about 15 miles S.
of the Moravian fettleftients, «ii W. S.
W. of Halifax, 1 10 W. S. W. of Hillf-
borough, 144 N. W. by W. of Fayette-
▼ille, and 567 S. W. of Philadelphia.
€kintv%Y, a towniiilp !n Eflex oe.
Maflachuietts I is divided into two pa>
riflies. The moft ancient, fettlcmcnt ia
this town !• in the lower pariih, at
which place the seneral court of th«
former province of Mafliichufetts Bay
was fometimes held. The part of tlm
town at prefent moft flouriihing, is a
point of land formed by the junftion of
fferrimack and Powow rivers. Hert
is a village very pleafantlv fituated on
the bank of the Merrimack, whercf be-
fore the revolution war, fliip-building
was carried on to a confiderable extent*
which, though now much decreafcd, ii
ftill not wholly laid afidej and thisi,
with its auxiliary trades, and fome little
navigation, owned and fitted here, give
the place a very lively and bufy appear>
ance. The continental fricate Autaace,
was built at this place, under the direc-
tion of Mr. Hacket, a very refpeAabl^
naval architefl. It is between 3 and 4
miles northerly of Newbury-Poit, and
46 N. E. of Bofton. It was incorpora-
ted in 1640, and contains 1780 innabi-
tants. See Powow River. '
Salisbury, a townfhip of Vermont*
on Otter Creek, in Addifon co. Trout
Pond, or lake Dunmore, 5 miles long*
and 1 broad, is in this town. It con-
tains 446 inhabitants, and is ij milef
E. by N. of Mount Independence.
Salisbury, a confiderable agricul-
tural townfliip in Hilifborough co. New-
Hamplhire. It is fituated on the wel^
fide of Merrimack river, at the mouth
of Blackwater river, and oppofite to
Canterbury} 10 or xa miles northerly
of Concord. It was incorpoiated ii|
1768, and contains 137a inhabitants.
Salisbury, the W'iaHae of the In*
dians, is the north-weftemmoft town*
fliipof ConneAicut, Litchfield co. hav-
ing Maffachufetts N. and New- York
weft. Here are feveral forges and iron-
works, and a paper-mill. During thd
late war feveral pieces of cannon were
caft in this town.
Salisbury, a town of Delaware*
Newcaftle co. on the north fide of Duck
Creek, on the fouth line of the county j
9{ miles S. £. of Noxtown, and la
N. W. of Dover.
Salisbury, the name of two town-
flilps in Pennfylvania, the one in Lan-
caftei: CO. the other in that of North-
ampton.
SALisBURYi a poft-tQwa of Mary-
ilf SAL
iandi fitmted on the eatcm fliore of
Cbcfapeak Bay* in Somerfet coqnty» be>
twcen tb« two principal branchea of
Wicomico river. It contains about 30
houfra, and carries on a confiderabK-
lumber trade. It is 5 miles (buth of the
Delaware State line, 10 N. W. of Snow-
Hill, 15 S.W. of Vienna, a port of entry,
and 163 S. by W. of Philadelphia.
Salisbury, a fmall town of Vir.
cinia, a6 miles from Alexandria, so
nrom Leeft>urg, and iSa front Phihdel-
phia.
Salisbury, an ifland at the weft
end of Hudfon's Straits, eaft of Not-
tingham Ifland. N. lat. 63. 19. W. long.
76. 47.
Salisbury Ptint forms the north
(irle of the mouth of Merrimack river,
or Newbury harbour, in Malliichufetts.
N. lat. 41. 49. W. long. 70. 54.
Sallagua, a harbour on the weft
conft of New Mexico, which affoixis
good anchorage. N. lat. 18. 5s. See
Salagua,
Salmon, Fa//, the name of Pifca-
taqua river from its head to the Lower
Falls at Berwick. See Fafcgta^ua
River,
Salmon FaBi, in Saco river, on the
Kne between the Diftri£l of Maine and
the State of New-HampO*' e, 10 miles
ibove Saco Falls. The number of
faw-mills on the river has neither de-
ftroycd or leflened the quantity of fal-
mon in it. The mill-dams do not ex-
tend aerofs the river, and there is a
euriofity in (eehig the exertion of thefe
fifli in making their way up the falls i
when the fun Ihines clear ni (he morn-
ing, they are frequently feen engaged
!n this enterprife, moving from one
rock to another, and refting on each,
in feite of the cataraft which oppofes
their prpgrefs, until they have gained
the ftill watersttibove.
Salmon Poitrt, 6n the eaft coaft of
the ifland of Newfoundland, and N. E.
of Claune Point, which is the north en-
trance into Conception Bay.
■ Salt Jflatid, one of the fmaller Vir-
gin IflfS, and weft of CoOper*s Ifland.
N. lar. SI. 30. W. long. 71. 3.
Salt I^J, on the louth coaft of
the ifland of Jamaica, off Old Harbour,
and N. N. E. uf Portland Point.
Salt Key, a fmall ifland in the W.
Indies. N.lat. si. 30. W. long. 71. 3.
$Ai.T Pond Bqyt on tlie foHlh coaft
SAL
of the ifland of JanMic«f eaftward of
Port Royal.
Salt Laht in the Statt of New*
York. Sec OmiuUigo Lake.
Salt Xiawr, in Kentucky, is formed
by three principal braiQches, and emp.
ties through the fouth eaft bank of the
Uhio, by a mouth to yards, according
to others, 150 yards wide) «o miles
below the Rapids. It ia navigable for
boats about 60 miles. It lias good
lands on its head waters, but they are
low and unhealthy ; for S5 miles from
its month, the land on each fide is level
and poor, and abounds with ponds.
Between Salt and Green rivers there are
two fprings of bitumen, which, when
analyzed, is found to be amber.
Salt Rivtrt on the north fliore of
the ifland of Jamaica, is nearly due fouth
from Point Galina.
Salt River, the arm of the Tea
which feparates the ifland of Cauda-
loupe, in the Weft- Indies into two parts,
and communicatea with the ocefui on
both fldes of the ifland. It i9 two
ieagues in length ^ a 5 or 1 6 paces broad .
The navigation is hazardous, nor will
it admit veflels above a 5 tons.
Salta, a town of South- America,
two-thirds of the way from Buenos
Ayres to Potoii j where iinmenfe num-
bers of cattle winter, and are fattened
on their way to Potofi.
Salta, a town of South America,
in the province of Tucumau, sS miles
fouth of St. Salvador. It contains two
churches, four mondfteries, uid about
400 houfts. It is a place of great re-
fort on account of the larg^e quantities
of com, meal, wine, cattle, fait, meat,
fiit, hides, and other comroodilies, which
are lent from this place to mott parts of
Pern. S. lat. %$. «o. W. long. 66. 30.
SALtASH, a townftiip of Veimont,
Windlbrco. is miles weft of Windfor,
It contains 106 inhabitants.
Salt Lick 7'ewn lies 18 miles belovr
the Iburce of Big Beaver Creek, and 34
nbove the Mahoning town. See Big,
Beaver Creek,
Salt Pttre Creek, in Baltimore co.
Maryland, falU . into Gunpowder river
on the weftern fide ) 14 miles E. N. £.
of Baltimore, in north lat. 39. «o. } and
nearly s miles north- wefterly from the
weftern point of Gunpowder Neck.
Salt Spring River, in thcN. W.
Territory, rifes near the E.Uoe of the
••■-•'•• - 'New-
^1
SAL
New- Jnfey Company*! lands, and rutit'
f<)uth>ca(|ward into Ohio river, lo miles
below the mouth of theW«bafti,and near.
Iv 30, by (he courre of the river, above
tne Great Cave. It runs above 56 milcs|
and 10 miles from its mouth is the fait
fpring, which gives name to the river.
Salvda, a river of 8. Carolina,
which I'lfes on the borders of N. Caro-
lina, and, taking a 8. E. courl'e, joint
Broad river at the townihip of CoIum>
bia, and forms the Congaree.
Saxut, Par/, lies on the S. W. fide
of the 8. peninfula of the ifluid of St.
Domingo ) about 14 leagues i'rom Let
Caves, u if the road runt, and only 7 in a
ftraight line S. W. of that town. N.
lat. 1 8. 6. W. long. 76. 10.
Salv 'vdorb, St. a town in the pro-
vince of Fucnman, in S. Anwrlca, and
near the borders of Peru. It lies at the
foot of a high mountain, which forms
Sart of tlie eaftem chain of the Andes.
L little above the town is a confiderable
river, which afterwards empties Into the
river Leon. It has about )oo houfes,
and is 63 leagues N. of St. Jago del Ef-
tero. S. lat. 14. is. W. long. 66. 17.
Salt ADOR, St, a fmall city of New.
Mexico, in the province of Guatimala,
on a river is mUes from the ocean. It
has few houfes, and little trade. On the
N. fide of it, are lofty mountains, called
the Chantalet* inhabited by poor In-
dians. In the bottom, where the town
ftands, are plantations of fugar-canes and
indigo, with a fer-" fainis for rearing 'Cat-
tle. N. lat. 13.5. W. long. 90. 3.
Salv ADORE, ji/. thecapital of Brazil,
in S. Atnerica, called ulfo the city of the
Bay, is within tlie Ipacious Bay of All
Saints, which is itill of fruiituil ifleb.
This city, which has a noble, Tpacious,
and commodious hat^our, is built on a
high and fteep rock, having the lea upon*
one fide, a Ine^e forming a crc'.cent on
the other. The Atuation makes it in a
manner impregnable by narure, and it
has ver}' ftrong fortifications. It is po-
pulous, magnificent, and beyond com-
pariibn, the moii gayand opulent, in all
Brazil. Vaft quantities of Aigar arc;
made in its neighbourhood. 8. hi:.* 13.
15.W. long37, 55' Sec All Saints Baj.
Salvadorb de Bayamo, St. a
town of the ifland of Cuba, on a river
which runs into the head of the bay of
Bayamo, about 30 miles N. W. by W.
•f the town.
d A M 4f ^
Salyadohb, St. or Ciuumiam, or
Cat yUuid\ which fee.
Salvaob, a dry rock oiFCape Ann,
on the coaft of Maflachufetts. When it
bears S. E. % leagues diftant, you have
6 leagues N. W. to NcY'bury.Port bar,
and N. I W. 11 leagues to Portfmouth.
N. } E. 8 leagues to Ule of Shoals.
Salvatbon dt Tgufy, a fmall tovm
in the iflnnd of St. Donungo, s8 leagues
E. of the city of St. Domingo. It is
famous for its fugar-works and lunvi-
ant padures, in which a vaft number of
cattle feed. It is alfo called Hig^, or
Alta Gratia { which fee.
Samana, a large bay at the E. end
of the iiland of St. Domiitgo. It opens
to the N. E. between Cape Samana,
(which is alio called Cape Refon or Cape
Grondeur) on the N. and Cape Ra>
phael fouth.eaftof the£ormer,7 leagues
apart. Its mean breadth is about five
leagues, and its length 20 leagues. Some
mariners reckon Pointe d'Icaque, or lea*
que Point, as the fouthem point of tha
bay, which comes after Cape Raphael,
and is only 1 3 leagues from the head of
the bay, and lies in lat. 19, s. N. and
long. 71. 35.W. of Paris. This bay
offers a fafe (helter to the ftouteft iqua>
drons. Lying to the windward of tlie
ifland, it has the advantage over all th«
other places as a maritime poft, which
lenders it capable of proteAing the
whole gulf of Mexico, to which it is
in reality a key. The enuance is dif-
ficult, and very narrow ; becaufe from
the fouthtrn iidc of its opening, nms a
breaker, which advances in a point to-
wards Port Ban! ftcr, and between which,
and the northern coaft, nature has
placed the rock or fhallow, called the
Rebels. This rock narrows the entrance,
(o that between it and the land, foini-
irg the fi. fide, in the interior of the
ha.y, there Is little more than 800 fa-
thoms. Thus a battery on (hore, and
another on the rock, the Rel/els would,
by their crois fire, completely defend
the entrance againft even the fmalleft
veflels ; and a battery on the other fide
of the Rebels would tfFeflually prevent
any veflel troin enteririg between it
and the breakers. See Old Cape Fran-
cois.
Samba Bay, or Zamba, on th? N*
coali of the S]>ani(h Main, or Terra
Firma, in S. America, is W. -ot St.
Martha's river.
Hhj
jSambailas,
■ ■ 0.
4^
SAM
Samiallai, ft rocky poinr renuirk- I
My long and low, on the N. (Ide of
the Jfthmui of Diiricn, which U To
cuanled with roekt and (hoalt, that it
!■ very danareroui coming near it. N.
lat. 9. 40. W. long. 7S. 43.
Samballas, a multitude of fmall
Klandt, (caitered at very unequal dif-
tances ibme only i, fome t, Tome 3, and
fbme 4 miles from the (hore, and from
each other, exitndine a confiderable
diftance along the nortnern (hore of the
Ifthmui of Darkn, .ind with the adja^-
cent countrvi its hills and forefts of
per)ietual verdure, form a charming
profpeft from the Tea. There arc na-
▼iganje channels between mod of the
idaiids, through which (hips may pafs,
mnd range the coaft of the ifinmus i
the fca between them and the fliore
l>eing navigable from one end to the
other, and affords every whei-e good
anchorage in firm Tandy ground, with
riandine either on the iflaiids or
main. Moft of thefe iHands are
low, flat, and fandy, covered with a
variety of trees, and abound with fliell-
fifh of feveral kinds. Some o^ them af.
ford fprings of frelh water, and conve-
nient careening places. The long chan-
nel between the Samballas Iflands and
the ifthmus it from 1 to 4 miles in
' 'breadth, extending from Poinft Sambal-
las to the Gulf of Darien and the coaft
of the ifthmus, full of fandy bays, with
many ftreams of water.
Samborough, Cafe and I/laaJ, on
the S. coaft of Nova- Scotia, and weft-
ward of Chebu£to bay and harbour, on
which is a light-houfe for the dire^ion
of Ihips, in lat. 44. 30. N. and long. 63.
32. W. High water at full and change
at 8 o'clock.
' Samganoodha, or SamnaHood/fa, a
harbour on the N. E. fide of Oonalafti-
ka Ifland, on the N. W. coaft of N.
Amerii-n, 10 miles E. of Egooftiak bay.
Ships can lie here landlocked from all
winds in 7, 6, and 4 fathoms water.
It abounds with hallibut, falmon, &c.
N. lat. 53. 55. W. long. 166. 30. 15.
Samilitam, ariver 01. the W. coaft
of Ntw Mexico, 12 miles horn Point
Artela ou one fide, and 6 farther to Co'
palitn river. At its mouth is an Indian
town, where n fliip's company may find
provifions and frefti water.
Samptown, a village in Middlefex
co« New- Jcrfey, a^ mile» Nt £• of Quib-
bictown, above 43 S. welUrljr of Slug*
bcthtown.
Sampson, a co. of Fayette diftrIA,
N. Carolina, bounded N. by Johnfon
CO. and S. by Bladen. It contains 6,065
inhabitants, including i,it3flavcs. The
court .houfe, where a poft-oflke Is kept^
is 36 miles from Fayetteville, a3 from
Crofs Roads, near UupUn court. houfc^
and 543 from Philadelphia.
Sam PUT A| a town of Mexico. Set
Angelot.
Samballet Polnti near the mouth
of the river Daricn, and N. W. of thii
Ifland of Pines. It is i» miles eaft.
ward of Port Scrivan.
SANBORNTOWN,atownfhipofNew.
Hamplhire, Strafford co. fituated on th4
point of land at the confluence of Win-
nipifiogee and PcmigewaiTet rivers. It
was incorporated in 1760, and contains
1 587 inhabitants. In this town is th«
appearance of an Indian fortrefs, con.
fiiling of 5 diftinA w^lls, .one within th«
other. Some pieces of baked earthen
ware have been found here, from whictii
it is fuppofed that the Indians bad learn-
ed the potter's art.
Sancoty Head, the E. point of
Nantucket Ifland, on th^ coaft of Maflii*
cbufette. N. lat. 41.15. W«Iong.69.58«
Sanctos Bahia, or 5'«M/V Bin, 011
t)ie coaft of Brazil, where the land lies
due £. and W. for ao leagues. The
city of Saints or dos Sah^s is fituated
on an ifland called Aniay, on the W«
fide of the entrance into the harbour, aa
alfo the town of St. Vincent. S. lu, 24.
W. long. 4j. 15.
Sanooate, a mountainous town<
(hip of Bennington co. Vermont, 18
miles N. of Bennington. It contain^
773 inhabitants.
Sand-Hill Bajf, is on the N. fide of
the peninfula, at the S. £. end of the if-
land of St.Chriftopher's,intheW.Indie9.
Sandisfibld, a hilly townfliip io
Berkfliire co. feparated from Litchfield
CO. in Connecticut by the fouth State
line; iimilesS.by E, of thefhire-towu,
and 135 W. by S. of Bofton. It was
incorporated in 1762, and contains 1581
inhabitants.
Sanoown, a townfliip in Rocking-
ham CO. New-Hamplhire, was taken
from Kingfton and incorporated in
1756 ; and contains 561 inhabitants.
Sandusky, fort in the N. W. Ter-
ritory, fituated on tbe ibutb 6d9 of th«
bay
tfAVf
\)if of tht Aim name, »t the fouth*wtil
«ttil of Lake Eric.
SAMDViK Y Lah, or Bmjt at the foitth*
weftern fide of Lake Eric, i« a gulf fliap-
fd like a (hoe. and entered from tKe
Jake by a very Ihort and narrow ftrait.
It* length ii 1 7 mile*, it* greatcft breatlth
7 milei. from the north<weft part of
thii lake, there {• a portage of only a
mile and a qiiarter to Portage river, a
fmall river which mnt into Lake Erie.
The fort ftandt oppofite to rhegiit. N.
lat. 41. 51. W. long. 8}. %, 30.
Sandusky Rwtrt a navigable water
of the N. W* TetriCory, which rifet
.near a branch of the Great Miami, be-
tween which is a portage of 9 mile*. It
purfuet a north-ealt courfcand empties
into (he (buth weft corner of Sandiiflcy
Lake. The Indians, by the treaty of
Eeace at Greenville, Aiiguft 3, 1795,
ave ceded to the United States a tra£t of
land 6 miles (quare upon Sanduflcy Lak^,
vrhere a tort tormerly flood, and two
miles fquare at the Lower Rapids of
Sanduflcy river. It is a confiderable river,
with level land on its bank, its ftream
gentle all the way to its mouth, wliere
It is large enough to receive floops.
Sandwich, a townlhipin the north-
ern part of Strafford co. N. Hamufhire,
noith of Winnipifiogee Lake. It was
incorporated in 1763, and coQtatns 905
inhabitants.
Sandwich, Mafrachufetts, a pofl-
town at the bottom of Cape Cod, in
Barnftahle co. It extends the whole
breadth of thecape, and is 1 8 miles S.E.
of Plymouth, and about S9 miles S. of
fiofton. There is a little decent group
of houfes, on the eaft fide of the cape,
and a pretty flream of water runnmg
through it? Incorporated 1639; inha-
bitants 1 99'!. It is near the place where
the propoliid canal is to commence
<from BarnHable to Buzzard's bay. The
Indian town Kitteaumut, or KatameU
was fituuted on Buzzard's bay } and
Mannamit was the name of a place
near the bottom of Buzzard's bay.
TThere is a place on the lame bay, on
Sandwich fide, called Pokefet, ul'ually
called by the Indians Poughkeefte, It is
the i'econd parifli in S'>mdwich. There
is an Indian territory, called Herring
PoHd, in the neighbourhood of Sand-
wich, about 5 miles N. W. from this
village, and fo extending from thence
along fhore to MonunvDt Fondly all w-
« AN 4*7
eluded within the townfhipof Plymonth.
It contains about lao fouls, one half of
whom art mixed. The Indian name of
this territory is not generally known.
They appear to have been confidcred
nsadiflmft tribe, now km wn by th«
nam ■ of the Herring Pond Indians.
Sandwich, Anv, a pkntation In
Lincoln co. Diftrift of Mamct contain-
ing 197 inhabitants.
Sandwich Ifiamis, a group of iflandt
in the South Sea, difcovered uyCaptain
Cook, who gave them the above namo
in honour ofthe Earl of Sandwich^ un-
der whole adminiftration they were firft
vifited. They confilt of 1 1 iflands, ex-
tending in .lat. from \i. 54. to ss. 1 5.
N. and in long, from 150154. to 160.14.
W. They are called by the natives
Owhyhce, Mowee, Ranat, Morotinnee,
Tahowrow^ Morotoi, Waohoo, Atooi*
Neeheehow, Onehoua, and Tahooraj
all inhabited, except Morotinnee and
Tahoora. Befides thefe, the natives fpeak
of another, lying to the weft-fbuth-weft
of Tahoora } which is 'ow and fandVy
and vifited only fat the purpofe of catch-
ing turtle ana ,fea-fowls. As they do
not know of any others, it is probable
that none exift m their neighbourhood.
An account of each inhabit«l ifland will
be found in its proper place. The cli-
mate differs very little from that of the
Weft-India iflands in the fame latitude.
Upon the whole, perhaps, it may be
more temperate } nor are there any
traces of thofe violent winds and hum-
canes which render the ftormy months
in the Weft-Indies fo dreadful. There
is alfo more rain at the Sandwich IfleSf
where the mountainous parts being ge-
nerally enveloped in a cloud, fuccemve
fhowers fall in the inland parts, with fine
weather, and a clear flcy, at the Tea fhore.
Hence it is, that few of thofe inconveni-
ences to which many tropical countries
are fubjeft, either from heat or moifture,*
are experienced here. The winds, in
the winter months, are generally from
eaft-lbuth eaft to north eaft. The tides
are very regiUar, ebbing and flowing 6
hours each. The flood comes from the
eaftward ; and it is high water at the
full and change of »he moon, 45 minutes
paft 3. I'heir greateft rile is * feet 7
inches, and the water is always 4 inches
higher when the. moon is above the ho-
rizon than when fhe is below it. The
vegetable i^odu^ioos are nearly the
Wb 4 fa»e
4tS SAN
fame h at the other iflandt in th'ii ocean.
The tare root it of a Aiperior quality.
The bread»fruit trees thrive not in liich
abundance <a« in the i ;h plains of Ota-
keite, but produce double the quantity
of »"ruit. The fugar-canes are of a vt:r\-
unufual iixe, ibme of them meafuiing 1 1
inches and a quarter in circumference,
and having 14 feet eatable. Inhere is
alio a root of a brown colour, fliaped
like^a yam and from 6 to lo pounds in
weijjhr, the juice of which is veiy fweet,
of a plcafant ta^c« and an excellent fub-
ftit kite for fggar. The inhabitants are
undoubtedly of th^ Tame race that pof
iVflTc^s the i^ands fontli of the equator }
an«i in their perfons, language, cuftoou
and manners, approach nearer to the
New- ^slanders than to their lefs tlif-
tant n^ighbour^, either of the Society
or Fiiendly Iflands. T)>ey are in ge-
neral above the middle f»e, and yveli
ipade. I'hey walk very gr^cef 1 • lly, run
^ nimbly, and are capable of bearing veiy
great fatigue ; although, upon ihe wlioie,
the men are iowevhat interior, in point
of ilrcngth and aiEtivity, to the Friendly
^flanders, and the women lefs delicately
£01 njcii than thole of Otaheite. Their
complexion is rather darker -than that
of UicOtaheitans, and they are not alto-
gether To handfome a people. However,
many of both fexes have fine open cnun-
teiiaiiccft i the women in particular have
good eyes and teeth, with a Iweetnefs
and fenfibiltty of Ipcjc, that rv^vler them
very engaging. Their hair is of a b^ own-
i/h black ) neither unitormly Araight,
like that of the American Indians ;
nor ti^iformly curling, an among thp
negroes of AJrica. There is cne p;cu
li^r cnaraclcriftic ot this great nation,
and wliicli is alfo prevalent in the Friend
ly Inlanders, that evtn in the handibmcil
iaces tlierc is a fiillnefs of the po(tril,
without any flatiicls or fprc ading of the
nofe. This may probably be the efte£l
of their ufual mode of falutation, which
is by preinng the ends of their nofes to>
geilier. The fame fupcriority that is
obftrved among the higher rai.ks,
through all the other iflands, is found
here. * The chiefs are, almoft without
exception, pcrictlilly wellforn cd; where-
as the lever fort, befules their general
inferiority, are liibjc|£l to all the variety
of make and figure tliat is fcen in the
populace of other countries. Tattooing
l^e body it mi^ch pra^iied here. The
SAN
native* rift with the fun, and, after en-
joying the cool of the evening, retire to
■ eft a few hours after fun-let. Their in-
If ruments of war are fpearr, daggers,
clubs, and flings. The dagger is a wea-
pon (ieculiar to themielves. (t it from i
to a i«et long, made of heavy black wood
refembling ebony, (harpened at one or
both ends, and lecured to the hand by
a Itringp Itt ul'e is to ftab-in dole fight,
apd it it well adnpted to the purpol'e.
They have alio the knife or faw, with
w )ich tlit^ NcwZcalanders cut up their
fl.tdghtercd enemies. For defipnuve ar>
mouf' they wear Hirong matt, ^hich are
no( eafily penetrated with fitch weapons
as tjijeir's.
3ANDWf CH, or Hetfwkes Rin/ert'xt two
miles within Chebu6lo Harbour, in No-
va-Scotia.
Sa)sow|ch, a fniall river at the bot-
tom of Barnftablc Bay» in fiarndable co,
Maflkchulttts.
Sandv Bajt at the £. end of the
ifland of jaiuuica ; foythward of Mu-
iauo river, and 6 miles N* of Maucna-
neel Harbour.
Sandy Bajt at the N. W. extremi-
ty of the fame ifland, W. of Stoddard
hay, and £. of Green Ifland. Littlt
Sandv Bay, on the S. £. part of the
ifland is about a league W. of Pouit
Morant. Sa«f/y Cays lie off the en-
trance of Port Royal Harbour.
Sandy Cofve, to the north- wefl ward
round the point of Cape Ann, en the
coaift of Maflachufettg, aqd lies between
two head-land». ii. lat. 4a* 45. W»
long. 70. 30.
S A N D Y Harbour, on the £ . fide of the
ifland of St. Lucia, near the S. £. poiqt
of the ifland, where a fmall riyef emp-
ties into the ocean.
Sandy HfU, a fmal} delightful village
in New- York State, two milef nortn of'
Foit £dward, on a high hill, overlook-
ing Hudfon's river from the eaft.
Sandy Hook, or Peitft, in the town-
fhipot Middleton, in New-J^rfey, formti
a capacious harbour, thence and front
the inlet pafles to Nt:w-York, about 25
miles diftant. From Montauk Point,
on Long. Ifland, to the Hook, is S. W.
by W. I W. 14 leagues, and then W.
by S. sz leagues. The pilots are oblig>/
ed to keep a good and iufficient whale- ;
boat ready at the Hook. High-water»
at full and change, 37 minutes after 6
o'clock. The light-houfci on the north
point
«!•
SAN
poititdf the Hook, iiec in lat. 40. 30. N.
and lung. 74. «. W. At the firft dif-
covery of America, fewer nocoJ-fiih
were to be found Ibuthward uf the banks
of Ncwtouiidland, and Sable Ifland.
About ^0 yenrs ago they weredilcover-
ed oiF Sandy Hook» and rhey have ever
flnce become more plenty on the iilhing
grounds off the Neverfmk, in 6, 7, and
8 iathoms water.
Sandy IJland^ a fmall ifland off the
weft cuaft of the ifland of Antigua,
about two miles from tlie fliore. .
Sand yPom/, the S. eaftern extremity
of BarnAable CO. Maifachuietts ; called
taint Carey by Gofnold. The rourfe to
Nantucket light-Iioulc, is 8. S. W. 3
leagties. N. lat. 4.1 . 14. W. long. 69. 35.
Sandy foiM,, in the ifland of Toba-
go N, lat. 116. W. long. 60. 37.
Sandy *P(»7iir, the moft wcfterly
point of the ifland of St. Chriftopher's i
called alio Beltatts Point.
Sandy Poiutt near the fbuth-eaft part
of the ifland of St. Lucia, and forms
the fouthern lintit of Sandy Harbour.
Sandy Punt, near the fouth-eaft
point of the ifland of Antigua, on the
larboanl fide of the opening into Wil-
loughby Bay.
Sandy Pointy the north-eaft point of
Nantucket Ifland, a the coalt of MalFa.
ichui'etts. N. lat. 41. 23. W. lung. 7c.
S4NDY Foitit, a town of the ifland ot
St Chriftopher's, on the fouth-weft fide
qf the ifland, in St. Anne's parifli, and
in Fig-tree Bay. It is a port of entry,
and is defended by Charles Fort, 'and
Brimftone Hill, both ne^r the town.
Sandy River, in Kentucky. See
Big Sandy River.
Sandy River, in thediftri£l of Maine,
rifes in Cumberland co. confifts of many
fniall branches ; runs a N. £. couri'e,
9nd empties into Kennebeck river, at
the N. W. corner of the townlhip of
Norridgevyalk .
Sandy River, the plantations in Lin-
coin CO. diftri6f of Maine, of this name,
in 1790J were as follow :
Mouth of Sandy tlver
Sandy river No. i
No. %
No. 3?
and 7 mile Brook 3
25 mile Pond and>
'^iiGomb lown J
Itfhabitan^s.
3*7
494
130
350
% A N f t^'
Sandt Xi^tvr Old Towit. UtVitm
eomb. . >■■ ■
Sandyston, a townfliip of N«w.^
Jerfe^, SuflTex co. on Delaware river, at
the foot of the Blue Mountains, about
II mile* above Walpack, and about at
far N. W. of Newton. It contains 519
inhabitants, including *6 flavei.
San FORD, a poft-town of the diftrift
of Maine, nine miles from Waterbury
couirt-houle, 1 5 from Berwick, and 44/
from Philadelphia. It is in York co.
98 miles N. of Bofton, and the townfliip
contains, in all, i8o» inhabitant!.
Sanfokd, a townfliip of New- York,
Dutchcfs CO. There are 239 of the iit*
habitants qualified eieflors.
SANOAtLAN, or Gallan Capf, called
Cangaltan by the Britifli feamen { it
iituated on the coaft of Peru, N. N. W«i
of the iflanH .of Labos, and 3 miles N.
W. of Carette Ifland. On the S. fide
of the cape is a very good harbour,
much frequented by the coafling fliipt
fix)m Panama and Lima. Off this cape
it is very bluiiering and ftormy.
Sangerfiels, a townfliip of New*
York, fituated in Herkemer co. which
contains 1459 inhabitants, of whom 138
9re ele^ors. This town was divided
by ad of the legiflature, 1797. -
San cu AY, a famous mountain in the
eaftern chain ot the Aixles, in the jurif-
didion of Macas, in the province of
Quito. It ■« of a prodigious height,
aiui the preateft part of the whole fur«
face covered with ihow. From its fum*
mit ifluts a continu£:l fire, and the ex-
plolions are lometimes heard at Quito,
though 13 s miles diftant. The country
adi.'ici.'iit to this volcano, is totally bar.
rtii, occiifioned by the enormous quan-
tity of ftones and cinders tje6fed fVom
thp (' ./unrain.
S.AN Jiian Je Las Latws, a town of
S. Ameiica, at the foot of the moun-
tains of Pupityiin, which is watered by
a head t^ranph ol Oronoko rivtr.
S A N PI N K Creek. Sec 7rento», New-
Jerfey,
San Miguel de Ibarra, a jurifdiflion
of Peru, in the proviiice ofQuito, con-
taining 8 pajillies. Moft of the farms
have plantations of fugar-canes and cot-
ton. Tlie farms fitdatcd in a Icls )iot
part of the jurifdi^lion are Ibwn with
maize, wheat and barley. Here are al-
io great numbers of goats, but not
many flieep. The Indian;* here weavt
' . a conGderable
%9V BAN •
« COoMl^aUe qtiahtityof cl«t1i and tot-
ton. The mines of fait Here have fonie
•nwWrt of nitre, which renders it not
A proper for falting meat ; and accord-
JMlJr that Ynade at GUyaquti is prefer-
«ca, tbbugh much dearer. Near the
viUafeof Mira, are great numbers ot
wild afles, which increafe very faft, and
nt not eafily caujiht. They have all
the Aviftnefs of horfes, and aA:end and
4k(cend biiis and mountains with eale.
But the moil remaricabie eircumftance
«el«ted of thefe animals is, that as loon
a» they have carried ihe firft load, their
cderity and dangerous ferocity leave
them* and they loon contrail the ftupid
look and dullnels peculiar to all the af-
Inibe fpceies.
San Miptdje Ibarra, the capital^of
the above jurifdifiion. It Hands on a
Jargc plain between two rivers. The
paiilh church is a large and elegant
Ara^hire, and well ornamented. It con-
tains 3 convents, a college, a nunnery,
■and. about ix,ooo Ibuls. N. lat. jo. 15.
weft long. 76. so.
Sanson ATB F«rf, ot Saufoaette, on
.the weft fide of New-Mexico, ai miles
iSrom the river Maticaloe. Point Kc-
Jbedios is the fouthern limit or opening
«f the port.
S A N t A , a rapid river, flowing through
a valley of the fame name in Peru,
about 130 miles N. of Lima. It is near
•a quarter of a league broad at the place
where it is ufually forded, which is near
4he town of the lame name, forming five
principal ilreams, which run during the
'Whole year with great rapidity. The
«elociiy of the current, even when the
watei s are low, has been found to be a
league and an half in an hour.
Santa, a town of Peru, fituated on
the banks of tlw river of the fame name
4}n the road from Paita to Lima, and
about 130 miles north of that city. It
is inhabited by 50 poor families, con-
i£ftingof Indians, mulattoes, and mefti-
aoes. S. lat. 8. 57. 36. weti long, 79.
30. It was originally built on the iea-
«oaft, from which it is now half a league
•diftant, and was large and populous,
but being pillaged by the Engl^ih in
1.685, it was abandoned.
Santa Barb.<vp.y, on the fouth fide
«f the eaft end of the ifland of Curacoa,
in the W. Indies, is the btft harbour
in the ifland, wbbit the Dutch have a
town and fort.
« A N
€anta Clara, an iftand In the baf
of Guyaquil, on the northern part of
the coaft of Peru. From this illand to
Punto Aren, the wefternmoft point of
PunalflatKl, is 7 leagues £. N. £. S.
lat. 3. 30. weft long. 80. 36.
Santa Cruz, a Danilh Iflard in the
Weft Indies j See St. Croix.
Santa Cruz, a confiderable town
in the illand of Cuba, having a good
harbour at the bottom of the bay of Ma-
tanzas, 63 miles eaft of the Havannah.
N. lat. 43. II. wreft long. 81. 5.
Santa Cruz, or St. Croix^ a large
ifland lying in the Pacific Oceain, 1850
leagues weft of Lima, in fouth lat. lOt
ij. Ibuth-eaft of the ifland of Arfaci.
des, dilcovered by Medina in 1595^
and fiijce by Carteret in 1767, and by
him called Bgmont JJland. it is reck-
oned to be 90 or 100 leagues in circum>
lerence. Great and unprovoked cruei-
.ties were. committed upon tbele friendly
and hoijpitable Iflanders by Mendana'e
itieq, for which Mendana caufed twotof
his principal officers to be beheaded,
and another to be hanged. The natives
of this ifland areas black as the negroes
of Africa, their hair woolly, and ftained
with different colours. Their faces and
bodies are tattaooed. Their only cov-
ering is a leaf of a certain tree, their or-
naments, arms, and boats, are not un-
like thole of the inhabitants of Tierra
Auflral. The country is fertile and
very populous, abounding in eatable
roots, 6 or 7 fpecies of bananas, plenty
of cocoa trees, almonds, nuts, chefnuts^
a fort of apple, fugar-canes, ginger,
bread-fruit, &c. Hogs, geefe, fowls,
partridges, ring and turtle doves, he-
rons, Iwallows, and a great variety of
birds } and on the coaft a great plenty
and variety of fifti. There are here no
noxious inle^ls, which are common in
other ifland* of the torrid zone. In a
word, the ifland of Santa Cruz, and
others of the fame group, offer the moft
valuable refources to navigators who
traverfe the Great Pacific Ocean, fouth
or" the line.
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, a large
jurifdlftion in the kingdom of Peru,
but thinly inhabited by Spaniards.
I he miiilons of Paraguay are in this
juriiUiftion.
Santa Cruz dela Sierra, the capi-
tal of the above jurifdiftion, iituated at
the toot of a xneuntainj on the banks of
■8 AN
tHe finall river Gxiapay, about 56 miles
north- eaft of La Plata, and near the bor-
ders of Paragxiay. It it thinly inhabit-
ed } the houfes are of ftone, thatched
ed with palm leaves. The valley, in
which the city (lands, produces all kinds
pf grain and fruits, and the woods and
uncultivated mountains afford great
quantities of honey and wax. S. lat.
19. »$. weft long. 6z. 30.
Santa Fe, a town of New Mexico,
in N. America. N. lat. 35. 3s. weft
long. 106. 35.
SANTA Fg Bajff on the north coaft
. of S. America, weftward of Comana
Gulf.
Santa Fb de Bagota, the capital
of the province of New Granada, in S.
America, is the (ee of an archbifliop,
and the feat of an univeriity. Mear to
the city is the lake Guatawitat upon the
banks of which the lavages formerly
Sacrificed to their idols } to whom they
offered much gold, and other things of
great value. N. lat. 3. $8. weft long.
73" 5*
Santa JJlandot Holy IJland^ on the
coaft of Peru, is oppofite to the port of
Ferol. It is 3 miles from the port and
city of Santa, and as far from Ferol,
which is ealtward of it.
Santa Maria, a river of the Ifthmus
of Darien, which is navigable 8 or 9
leagues, and fo far the tide flows } but
above that its two branches will only
admit canoes. It empties into the Gulf
of St. Michael in the Pacific Ocean.
The town of its name is about 6 leagues
from its mouth \ and is confiderable on
account of the gold mines in its neigh-
bourhood, which ace worked to great
advantage, but the country about it is
low, woody, and very unhealthy. N.
lat. 7. 30. weft long 8». 20.
Santa Port^ on the coaft of Pern, is
north-eaft of Santa Iftand, in the mouth
of a river of the fame name.
Santa Martha, a province of
Terra Firma, S. America, bounded eaft
by Rio de la Hacha, and weft by Car-
thagena.
Santa Martha, the capital of the
above province, and the fee of a bifhop,
was formerly very populous, but is now
much decayed, occafionedby theSpanifti
fleets not touching there, as they an-
ciently ufed to do. There are large
fait ponds four and an half miles from
tke town, from wiuch good ialt i^ ex-
trafted and fent to th« neajriib««ri|if
provinces. It ftands near tn« ftat «e
the foot of a prodieious mountain, wfaols
fummit is generally hid in the cloadH
but in clear weather, when the top ap^
pears, it is covered with iiiow. In
fome places in the vicinity arc gold
mines, and in others precious ftonet «f
great value.
Santa Pot/, on the coaft of Pcn^
and on the S. Pacific Ocean, lies N. £•
of Santa Ifland, at the mouth of % river
of the lame name.
San tee, a navigable river of S. Cartf^
Una, the largeft and longeft in thatStato^
It empties into the ocean by two mouths*
a little fouth of Georgetown, which latt
lies in lat. 33. 27. N. And long. 79. 24.
W. About I20 miles in adireft line
from its mouth, it branches into the
Congaree and Vv ateree ; the latter, or
noithera branch, paffes the Caiabaw iia>
tion of Indians, and bears the name of
Catabaw river, from this fettlement to
its fource.
Santo Espiritv, a captainfhlp of
Brazil* bounded N. by the captainfhij*
of Seguro, andS. by thatof Rio Janeitxik
from which laft the river Parayba fepa*
rates it, and altera long courfe from W,
to E. emptier into the ocean, in lat. ii»
30.' S . This government is the moft fer>
tile, and beft turnllhed with all forts of
provifions of any in Brazil { having aUb
an incredible quantity of fifh and game.
Its low lands being interfe£led by a
great number of rivers, are very fruitful %
and the high grounds, are covert with
forefts of large trees. Here it may be
noticed that there are three rivers in SnU
zil, called Parayba, or Paraiba, vis. one
which gives its name to a captainfhip
already defcribed) the fecond is that
above mentioned, and the third emptiet
into the ocean between Cape St. Vin<-
cent, and Rio de la Plata.
Santo Espiritv, the capital of the
above captainfliip, and indeol the only
town in it, is fituated on the fouth fide
of a large bay on the eaftem coaft of
Brazil, about 9 miles from the fea. It
has a caftle in ruins, but no fortifica-^
tions, and contains about 900 inhabit-
ants. Here are two monafteries and a
college. The port is a fmall bay, opening
to the eaft, interfefted with many fmau
iflands. On the top of a mountain, at
fome difti^nce from the town, is a large
whit; towcTi called^ by the P^wtuzuefe,
, iioftra
^4^ ' SAO
tINbftra Senhert dePenn, and nnr \t a
flnall churchi iltiToynded with a wall.
•At the foot of the mountain, are ftill to
4)e(«en the melancholy rernains of a place
once called Villa Vvja, or the Old City.
8. lat. lo. 36. W. long. 39. 56.
Santo s, a town in the captninfhip of
'6t/Vincent, in Brasil, featea on a river
9 miles from the Tea, which it thtre a
4nile broad, and five fathoms deep. It
■ia defended hy a rampart on the mt next
ihfe river.' It is alio guardwl by two
caftlcs, one on the fouth iide, and the
t>ther in the middle of the town, which
contains 150 inhabitants. It has a pa-
cifli church, a monattery, and a college.
S. lat. 14. «6. W. long. 4.t. ^o.
■Saona, or teom, a I'mall ifland near
the S. £. part of the ifland of St Do.
«ningo. It is about 8 leagues from E.
to W. and a from N. to S. which be-
comes ftiil lefs in the narrdweft part. Its
circumference is nearly a 5 leagues, it
lies eaft of St. Catherine Ifland) and it
is not much above a league tfom Little
J»alm Tree Point, to that which advances
■from the north of the S^mna. At each
<rf its extremities, K. and W. is a moun-
tain, and thereis athini at a point abuut
the middle of the fouthern fide. Thefe
tnoiuitains at once ftielrcr and water it,
and temper the air. The Indian^ called
this ifland Adtmuimf, and had h parti-
cular cacique, who was fovereign of the
ifland, independent of thole of St. Do-
mingo. His fubjedts devoted them.
fehras to commerce with the Spaniards,
Co agrfcultme, to cultivation of grain
and Fruits. They ^miflicd enough for
^e^confumption of the city of St. Do-
mingo, and for provifioning Several ex-
peditions going from that port. Some
Caftilians having cauled the cacique to
be eaten by a dog, this aA of cruelty be-
came the caule of a quarrel, and the
Spaniards having exterminated the vn-
fortunate Inhabitants, formed fettlements
on their little idand. It is furrounded
with banks ant* breakers, except at the
weftern part ; but there is a paflage for
fmall h;ii ks, between its north fide, and
the main of the ifland of St. Domingo.
The ill;md and its port are a Oielttr for
the mariners failing in this part, who
here find water, wood, and wild cattle,
all which are in abundance. It is im-
|)oflil)le to have an itiea of the vafl quan-
tities of birds, and particulu'ly of wood
pigeons, that are fecn here* The eaft- ^
em point of the ifland lies in lat. if. y,*
N. and long. 71. if. W. of Paris.
Sapa, St. Michael de, n village in the
valley of Arica, in t'r.:» province of
Charcos, in Peru. It is a rinall place,
hut famous tor the quantity of 'Guinea
pepper produced in its vicinity. It will
not thrive in m^Aintainous parts, but is
cultivated in the vallies. Thf inhabit-
anis of this village fell annually no lefs
than 80,000 crowns worth of it. S.
lat. 17. -jO. W. long. 78. 10.
Sapelo, a village o* Go Tgia, in
Liberty co. oppofne to the ibund and
ifland of that ntiine, and about 6 miles
ibutii of Sunbviry.
Saponihs, Indians who inhabit on a
north branch of Sui'quehannah river.
Warrioia 30. See Munfays.
Sa RAM A CM A, a river in the Dutch
province of Surrinam.
Saranac, a river of New. York,
which paflcs th|;ough Plattfljurg, and
empiies into Lake Chainplain from the
wert. It !inj been explored nearly 35
miles, and there found equal in llxe to
the mouth, it abounds with falmbn,
bafs, pike, pickerel, trout, ice. At tht
mouth of the river, lalmon are f'onnd in
fiKh plenty, that it is ufual to take 400
or 500 a day, with I'pears, and fmall
fcoop-nets. They are caught from
May till November.
Saratoga, a county of the State of
New. York, bounded E. and N. by Hud-
fun's river, which feparates it from
Rcnflelaer and Wafhington counties,
and fouth by Mohawk river. It has
Leen eflablifhed fince 1790, and is di-
vided into % townfliips, viz. Greenfield,
Ballifown, Charlton,. Half Moon, Mil.
ton, Saratoga, Gal way and Stillwater.
In 1796, 3,170 of the hihabitanta were
qualified eleflors.
Saratoga^ m SaraghtogOt a town-
Oiip of New- York, iituaied in Saratoga
CO. on theW. fide of Hudfon's river
56 miles N. of Albany. It contains few
houfes in a compafk itate. In 1790,
when it belonged to Albnny co. it con.
tained :),07i inhabitants ; and there
were here in 1 796, 542 qualified electors.
It will ever be diifinguiflied in hiftory,
for beiniv the place at which Gen.
Burgoyne was obliged to lurrender his
army, in 1777. This town is alfo fa-
mous for its medicinal waters, called tha
Saratoga Springs. 1'hey are to milen
from BallUowQ, in a fltallow vale or
S A 9'
nMMrfli; in feveralreffieAtreremblingthat
of Ballftown. Thefe waters appear to
Imve received at ftrong, if not (tronger,
impregnation of the fame kind of ingre-
lUenta thnt enter tiMfe of Ballftown,
and may be a ftre? n of the fame foun-
tain running through the lame kind of
calcareous earth. One of thefe fprings
it covered' over by a natural cretaciout,
or rather calcareous pyramid, about five
or fix feet high . This hol!ow pyramid,
or cone, has a hole in the top about fix
inches over. If we lo^ k into this hole
we fee the mineral water boiling vehe-
mently like a- pot over the fire ) the
water is ncverthelefs intenfely cold, and
is faid to be, in every refp^'Cl, (inarter
than that at Ballltown. The calcareous
nsatier extends for feveral rods from the
bafis of this pyramid. There are leve
rgl idle Aor'vn related of this fpring) one
is, that it overflows at certain ftages of
tbe moort. This is not true. As this is
found to be falfe, they tell you it over-
flows once a year { but this hat as
little foundation in truth as the othvr.
, IPe^opte who live «t thefe fprings think
they mult relate fomething marvellous
by way of enhancing the value of the
vraters, and reconciling you to the great
txpenfe attending thele vifits.
Sakdo, a cape on the coaft of New-
Sp&in, and in the North Sea.
Sarecto, the chief town of Duplin
CO. N. Carolina* fituated on the N. E.
branch of Cape Pear river, which af-
fords water for rafts to the town. It
contains a court-houfe, gaol, and about
ao houfes. It is t^o miles above Wil
mington, to the north.
Sarena, on the coaft of Ch!K, in
Sk. America, on the South Pacific Ocean.
S. lat. 19. 40. W. long. 71. 15.
Sarinhaym, a river on the fomh-
eaft coaft of Brazil, and cppoiite to the
■ illand of Alexo, which is weft of Cape
St. AugulHne.
< Sarmiento IJlands, Pedro </«, in the
South Pacific Ocean, are thought to be
~ t\w lame as the Duke 0/ Tork s IJlands, .
northward of the wift end of the ftraits
of Magellan. Thc^ lie in about la... 50.
' fonth, and are u^out 80 in number.
Saronilla, or SerramHa, flioaisoff
the iftand of Jamaica, 25 leagues W. of
Pedro Shoals, !<nd 37 W. of Portland
Point. The middle of them lie in lat.
i'6/ 10. N. and long. 80. 4;. W.
9ASKACUAVf.Ati,.ot.Sa^^/ta'weii, a
S A « ^
river of N. Ameriea, which itmt eaft-'
ward, and hat communication, by ilhort
portHges, with Nelfon't river, wbiehr'
empties into Hudfon^s Bay.
Sassafras, ■ fmall navigable river
of Maryland, which nfes in Delaware
State, and runs weftward into ChefR-
peak Bay. It feparates Kent co. from '
that of Cecil, and has the towns of Fre-
dericktown, Georgetown, and SaflafrRS
on its bankt. The latter is 5 miles E.
by N. of Georgetown, and sbout ) $<
of Warwick.
S^TiLLA, Great and Littte, twa
rivers of GeKnrgia, which fiill into the'
ocean, in Camden co. between the Ala-
taniaha and St. Mary's rivers.
Saucon, Vpper and LtmueTt town-
fliips in Northampton co, PenniylVaniR. '
Savkibs, or Saikiett an Indian tribi^
refiding at Bay Ptian, in the N.W. Ter-,
ritory, near the Minomaniet | which 6e.
Saundbrs IfiaMd, in the 8. Atlantic
Ocean, one of the fmail iflanda which
furround the two chief of the Falkland'
Ifles.
Savndirs Ifiamip in South Georgia^
and in th&S. Atlantic Ocean, is about'
13 leagues north of Cape Montague*'
S. lat. 57. 59. W. long. 16. $4..
Saunders I/land, or Sir CbarUt
Saunders* IJlattdt called by the natives
Tapoamanao, in the S. Pacific Ocean, '
is reckoned one of the Society Iflands»
When Port Royal Bay, at Otaheite, is
S. 70. 45. E. diftant 61 miles, this
iiland bears S. S. W. S. lat. 17. H,
W. long. 151. 4. It it about two'
leagues lonv.
Saura Lower TVuw, is fitiiafed on'
the fouth fide of Dan river, in N. Cart>-'
Una. It was formerly the chief town
oi the Saura Indians.
SaurA Upper Town, in the fame
Srate, an ancient and well peopled town
of tl»e Saura Indians ; fituated in Stokes
CO. on the (buth file of Dan river.
Sautburs, le Morne des, or "em-
per's Hill, a precipice near the river aati- '
teurs, at the north end of the ifiand of
Grenada. After the year 1650 the
French gradually exterminated the
l.'haraibes ; near this place they butch-
ered 40 of them on the foot ; and 40
others, who had efcaped the fword,
threw themlcives headlong into the fea
from this precipice, and miferably pe-
rilhed. A beautiful young girl, of i»
or I J year« of age, who was taken
alive,
S A V
ajifvei iMcaoMr the objea of dtfpate be-
tween two of the French officers, each
claimioR her a» a lawful prizc» when a
third ofthofe white (avaget put an end
to xhe contefty by (hooting tlie girl
through the head*
Savaob* a fmall river of Marvland,
Nvhicb runs fouthward through Allegha-
ny CO. and empties into the ratowmact
weft of Georee's Creek. Its mouth is
SB milet fouth.wcft of Fort Cumberland,
and 4S fouth-eaft of the mouth bf Cheat
river. Boats carrying lo tons can reach
Alp^ndria in 4 or 5 days, but will take
tlmiible the time to return.
8a V AGS Crnkt a finail bay on the
north-weft coalt of Newfoundland, near
the weftem entrance of the bay of Mou-
cok and ao leagues N. E. of Cape Per-
JPM.
Sat AC I JJUuUt in the S. Pacific
Ocean* ia about 3 3 miles in circuit, and
is inhabit^ by favagcs. It is overrun
with buOtes,. and has no port. S. lat.
19. a. W. long, 169. 30.
8ATAOB{mtn/, <?f'/<i/, inHudfon*s
Straits. N. lae. 6s. %$, W. long. 70.
High water, at £uU and change, at ten
o'clock.
Savagx yiand, lawtr, in the fame
ftndtSk has high water at full and change
at nine o*clodc. N. lat. 61. 48. W,
long. 66^%o.
Savagb P«m/, Upptr, on the north
|!cte of Hudfon's Straits,, fouth-eaft of
Cape Charka» and the north-weft point
<tf an inlet up into the land, fo as to
fbnn the ifliand of Good Fortune.
Savaoe's ?£^, at the R9ck Landing
ttn miles bdow the Falls of Oconee
nvcr.
Sa VAC E SMtidt a paftage in the north
irt of the Welcome Sea, in Hudfon's
^y, into Repulie Bay. It is bat little
known.
Savannah, a bay at the eaft end of
the ifland of Antieoa, near the fouth-eaft
part of Green liland, on the fouth fide,
a little weftward of Indian Creek.
Savannah Cbamult towards the
fouth-eaft DMnt of the fouth fide of the
ifland of Jamaica; a ftiort vray weft of
Port Morant Harbour j between them
is Fiihennan's riv •'.
[40^ Savannah, a port of entry and poft-
town of Georgia, and formerly the me-
tropolis of the Sute { fituatcd in Chat-
luun 00. on the Ibuth fide of the river
Savanoab, o« a iMig^ Aady Ui#« 17
K
8 A V
mtks from the ocean. The towii !• re;^
gularly built, in the 'form of a parallelo*
gram, and, including its fuburbt, con-,
tained, in 1787, about »}oo inhabi-
tants, of whom about 80 or 90 are Jews.
More than two-thirds of this town was
confumed by fire in the fall of 1796.
The exports for one year, ending the
30th of September, 1794, amounted to
the value of a63,830 dollars. This ci-
ty was bravely defended by the Britiflt
general Prevoft, againft a fuperior force,
headed by Count trEftaihg and General
Lincdn. The allies made a fatal and
unfuccefsful attack on the i8th of Oc-
tober, 1779, when they were obliged to
retreat, after having from 1000 to laoo
men killed and wounded. It is 119
miles N. by E. of St. Mary's, 13s S;
W. by S. from Augufta, and 915 in
a like dire£lion from Philadelphia. N.
lat. 3*. 3. W. long. 81. S4.
Savannah /{nwr divides the St^te-
of Georgia from that of S. Carolina,
and purlues a courfe nearly from norths
weft to fouth-eaft. It is formed chiefly V
of two branches, the Tueelo and Keo-
wee, which fpring fixmi the mountains,
and unite under uie name of Savannah,
15 miles north-weft of the northern
boundary of Wilkes co. It is naviga-
ble for large veflcis 17 miles up to Sa-
vannah, and for boats of 100 feet keel
to Aueufta. After riiine a foil juft
above this phice, it is paflable for boatfr
to the mouth of Tngelo river. After it
takes the name of Savannah, at the
confluence of the Tugelo and Keowee,
it receives a number of tributary ftreams,
from the Georgia fide, the principal of
which is Broad river. Tybee Bar, at
the entrance of Savannah river, has i4
feet water at half tide. Tybee light*
houfe lies in lat. jx N. and long. 81. 10.
W. and fcom thoice to Port Royal ia
6 leagues N* E. | E. The flood in thia
river was io great in Feb. 1796, that the
water rofe 35 feet above its ordinary
level. In Augufta, the ftreets were
plied by boats which could carry fifteen
tons.
Savannah Rtvert Liuh, falls into
the gulf of Mexico, north-weft of St.
Jofeph'f Bay.
Savannah la Mart at the eaft end
of the ifland of St. Domingo, is a fettle-
mcnt on the fouth fide of the bay of
Samana, oppofite the city of Samana on
the MBCth Mts mA Im bttvrecn the
Bay of
port) an
Its govei
at the
than 10
4 wide i
of Sama
gun in
tain moi
aze her<
Shallow
gution
and the
tant.
Sava
of the if
county,
veflels.
ed by
dation
partly
9 AT
Bfty of Pear! , (which it an cxceHent
port) and the Point of Icaque. It has
Its governor and re£tor» aind is fituated
at the end of a plain, which is more
than lo leagues from eaft to weft, and
4 wide from north to fouth. The city
of Samana and this town were both be*
gun in 1756, and together do not con-
tain more than 500 fouls. The anchor-
age here is only fit for fmall veflels.
Shallows and breakers render the navi*
gation very dangerous between this
and the point of Icaque, 4.{ leagues dif-
tant.
Savannah la Mar, on the firath fule
of the idand of Jamaica, in Cornwallis
«ounty, has a good anchorage for large
vefleU. It was almoll entirely deftroy-
cd by a dreadful hurricane and inun-
dation of the fea, in 1780. It is now
paitly rebuilt, and may contain from 60
to 70 houfes. It bears from Bluefield's
Point W. by N. i N. about 3 leagues.
N. lat. 18. IX. W. long. 78. 6.
Saverio, a cape or. point on the
N. coaft of S. America, on that part
callsd the S(ianifli Main. Between it
and the iiland Barbarata is the opening
to the ifland of Bonaire.
Savilla, 5t, a fmall town of Geor-
gia, 64. miles fouth of Savannah, and 65
north of St. Mary's.
Savoy, a new townilup, in Berkfhire
cOr Maffiichufetts, incorporated in 1797.
Sawyer's Ferry, a fmall i)oft-tawn
«f N. Carolina, 14 miles from Nixon-
ton, 10 from Indiantown, and 48 a from
Philadelphia.
Sawyer's^ or Afftratbres, Ifland, on
the weft coaft of Mexico ; is of a fmall
fize, and has on its fouth-eaft fide a
fmall creek of its name, which boats
can only enter at high water. It is la
miles from tlte Bar of Realejo.
Saxapahaw, theupper part of the
north weft branch of Cape rcai* river,
in N. Carolina. It is formed by Ara-
manclie and Deep rivers, and it is laid
may be made navigable for boats about
50 miles.
Saxeootha, a village or fettlement
in S. Carolina, on the fouthem bank of
Congaree river) about 48 miles north-
^efterly of Augufta, in Georgia.
Saxton's Eiver, in Vermont, emp-
ties into the Conne6licut at Weftmin-
fter.
Saybrook, a poft town of Connec-
ticut, m.i^^'sif. CO. oa tbf weft fid* of
ConficAlcat river, acrofs wkleh it a
ferry, on the road leading to New-lMft-
don. It ii 36 miles eaft of Mew.Ha^
ven, 18 weft of New-Zxmdon, and m*
northeaft of Philadelphia. Thia it thr
moft ancient town in the vtate, having:
been ftttlcd by Mr. Fenwick in i4s4^
who gave it its prefent name in horMur
of Lord Say and Seal and Lord Braok*.
SCARBOROVOH, a townfliip of the
DiftriA of Maine, (ituated in Cunbar-
land CO. on the lea soaft, between Pep>
perelborough and Cape Eliaabctli. It
was incorporate4 in 1658) contain*
zz-iS inhabitants} and lies ti] milct
northerly of Bofton«
Sc A RBOROUGH Ctvi, in the harbour
of Chebu6lo, on the fouthern coaft of
Nova-Scotia, is on the middle of the
weft fide of Comviralli» Ifland. It is $
or 6 furlongs broad, and nearly tiw:
fame in depth.
Scarborough, a town and iott Im
the ifland of Tobago, in the W. Indies^
SCARSDAbE, a townfliip in Weft-
Chefter co. New. York, bounded we^
terly by Bronx river, and foutherly bjfi
the town of Eaft-Chefter. It containa
281 inhabitants,' of whom 33 areelM*
tors. See Ntvi Roetsllt.
SCATARi, a fmall uninhabited ifland
on the eaftern coaft of Cape Btctoi*
Ifland. It is about 6 miles long and s
broad. It ferves as a flielter to a baj^
from the eaft and fouth, which lie*,
fouthward of Miray Bay, called Mena-
dou, or Panadou Bay. N. lat. 46. 3«
W. long. $9. 3 J. It was frnmerly €aU«t
ed Little Cape Breton.
SCAUYACE, a river of New-Yorkk
which ifliies from the north-eaft comer
of Seneca Lake, and feparating tha
townfliip of Romulua from that of Ju«
nius on the north, empties into Cayug»
lake.
SCHACTECOKB, or Scogittkoke, a
townfliip of New- York, in Renfleiaeaf
CO. lies north of the townfliip of RenfTc*
laerwick, on Hudfon's river. In 1796^^
275 of the inhabitants were eleAors.
SCHACAOERO, a fmall village oVitlit
Ifthmus of Darien ; on the E. ndeof tba
mouth of the river Santa Maria, opt a
riling gronnd^^ open to the gulf of St.
Michael. It has a fine rivulet of fre(%
water, and ferves aa siplace of rc£re(b,<i
ment to the miners. The firefli brentia
from the fea render it very healthy. Kf ji'
Ut. 7 » £0. W« j ing, S», 5.
SCHL0IS1%
^^ $ c H
ScALOasiR Fortt or Sluffker, m the
6t«te of New>Yorkt is fitiiatcd on the
' caftern fide of Niagara river, near the
ceUbnratcd falls* on the north bank of a
bend of the river, and oppofite to the
N. W. end of Navy Idami.
SCHODACK, or Sbudackt a townfhip
inRcnflelaer co. New York, taken from
KenflEelaerwick townfliip, and incorpo-
rated in i79S« It is 14 miles E. of Al-
bany { and, in 1796, there were 377 of
its inhabitants ele^ors.
ScMOBN-BauNN, or tlie Beautiful
Sprhgt one of the eafternmoft fettle-
ments of the Moravians on Muflcingum
river. See GnadenbiHten. This fettle
ment of Chriftian Indians was eftablilh-
ed ill i772t onatraAof land granted
by the Delaware tribe. In 1775, the
chapel, which could contain 500 people,
was found too fmall for the hearers, who
came in great numbers. It was fituat-
«d about )o miles from Gekelmnck.
pechuenk, 70 from Lake Erie, and 75
W. from Friedenftadt. It had a good
fpring, a fmall lake, good planting
piounds, much game, and tvery other
convenience for the Aipport of an In-
dian colony. It appears that a large
fortified Indian town formerly ftood
heref fonte ramparts and the ruins of
three Indian forts being ftill vifible.
The Delawares granted to the Chriftian
Indians all the tra^ from the entrance
of Gekelmuckpechuenk Creek into the
Muflcingum to Tufcarawi. This thriv-
ing fettlement was deftroyed in 1781,
when the Huron Indians carried the in-
habitants to Sanduiky ) and when thefe
peaceable Indians were permitted to re-
turn to reap their harveft, they were
cruelly butchered by the American fet-
tlcrs, while praifing God and forgiving
their enemies. Congrefs granted 4000
acres of land here to the Ibciety of the
United Brethren, for the purpofe of pro-
pagating the gofpel, on September 3,
1788.
SCHOHAkiE, a county of New- York,
taken from thole of A^^^tny and Otfcgo,
and incorporated in ■795* The land
is variegated with hilU j is in general
fertile and well watered by Schoharie,
Cobu3 Kill, and feveral other (ireains.
The county is bounded north by Mont-
gomery, ibuth by Ulfter, £. by Alba-
ny, and W. by Otl'ego. By a law pafl*-
cd i-7th March, 1797, this county was
^vlded into th« tix following towi^s,
1^ ^ .
S C »
viz. Schoharie, Middleberg, Blenheiiltf
firiiiol, Coblefliill, and Sharon.
Schoharie, the principal town in
the above co. is on Schoharie creek or
river, and is one of the wealthieft inland
funning towns in the State. The inha-
bitants are Dutch, and before its divi-
fion in 1797, were S073 in number. It
it between 30 and 40 miles weftward of
Albany.
Schoharie Rh/erruna a northerly
cnurfe of about 80 miles from the Kaats'
Kill Mountams, and empties into Mo-
hawk river at Fort Hunter. The weft-
em branch of this river is called Cobus
Kill. On the E. fide of Cobus is the
fettlement of its name. The towns and
fettlements on.Schoharie were, in 1796,
as you proceed from 6. to N. Batavia,
Fountam*s Town, Schoharie, Smith's
Town, and Fox Town.
ScHOODUCK. Set Frencbman'j Bay,
and Sctedick.
Schuyler, Fortt Nitv, in the town-
fliip of Rome, ftands on the W. fide of
a bend of Mohawk river, about 7 miles
weftward of Whiteftown.
Schuyler, Fortf OU, is on the
fouth fide of Mohawk river, 4 miles
E. N. E. of the compaft part of
Whiteftowrt, and xo above the German
Flats. Here were, in 17^6, 35 compa£l
boufes, fituatMl partly m each of the
townfliips of Whiteftown and Frank-
fort. In 1790, there were but three^
fmall huts here.
Schuyler, a townfliipof New- York,
Herkemer co. between Mohawk river
and Canada Creek, «o miles above the
town of German Flats. In 1796, ac-
cording to the State cenfus, it contained
17.19 inhabitants, of whom %i% were
ele£lors. It was incorporated in 179x4
This town was divided by a& of the
legiflature in 1797.
Schuyler's Lake, in New- York
State, is 10 miles W. of Lake Otfego.
It is 9 miles long, and 4 or 5 broad..
Schuylkill, a river of Pennfylva*
nia, which riles N. W. of the ICitta*
tinny Mountains, through which it palT-
es into a fine champaign counti-y, and
runs, from its iburce, upwards of iio-
miles in a ibuth-eaft direclion, and pair-
ing through the limits of the city of
Philadelphia, falls into the Delaware,
oppofite Mud Ifland, 6 or 7 miles below
the city. It will be navigable from
above Reading, 85 or 90 miles to it»
mouth.
B C I
mouth t when the canal begim at Noirri-
t3n ii completed. This will pafs by the
falU, and Hlfo form a communication
with the Delaware above the city.
There are 4 floating bridges thrown
acroia it, made of logs faftcnra together,
and lying upon the water, in the vicinity
of Philadelphia. Little Schuylkill river
fnlU into this river from the north, at
Reading. On the head waters of
Schuylkill are quantities of coal.
SciOTA River, which falls into the
Ohio in the territory of the Untted
States, N. W. of the Ohio, is larger
than either the Muikingum or Hock-
hocking, and cpens a more extenllve
navigation. It is paflable for large
barges for %oo miles, with a portage of
only 4 miles to the Sanduflcy, a beata-
ble water which falls into Lake Erie.
Through the Sanduflcy and Sciota lies
the moft common pafs from Canada to
the Ohio and Miflifiopi ; one of the
moft extenfive and u(eful communica-
tions that are to be found in any coun-
try. Prodigious extendons of territory
are here connefled i and from the ra-
pidity with which the weftern parts of
Canada, Lake Erie, and the Kentucky
coontries are fettling, we may anticipate
an immenfe intercourfe between them.
The flour, corn, flax, and hemp, raifed
for exportation in that great country
between the Lakes Huron and Ontario,
will find an outlet through Lake Erie
and thefe rivers, or down the MiflTilippi.
The Ohio merchant can give a higher
price than thofe of Quebec for thefe
commodities; ; as they may be tranf-
ported from the tbrmer to Florida and
the Weft India iflands, with lefs ex-
penfe, rifle and infurance, than from the
latter } while the expenfe from the
place of growth to the Ohio will ::>ot
nc J of what it would be to Quebec,
and much lefs than even to the Oneida
Lake. The ftream of the Sciota is gen-
tie, no where broken by falls. At Ibme
placei, in the Ipring of the year, it
overflows its banks, providing for large
natural rice plantations. Salt fprings,
coal mines, white and blue clay, and
irte-ftone, aboond in the country ad-
joining this river. Its mouth is in N.
lat. 38.40. W. long. 83. 30. about 300
mile:* below PittJburg, and is navigable
to its fource in canoes.
Scipio, a poft-town of New- York,
Onondagoco. on thcE, fide of Cayuga
SCO 497
Lake, 14 miles fouth-caft of Geneva,
S9 S- W. by W. of Onondago, ami 461
N. W. by N. of Philadelphia. Tbia
townfliipwas incorporated m 1794, .aiul
comprehends in ite jurifdiAion the town-
fliip of Sempronius, together with that
part of the lands refenred to the Cayuga
nation of Imlians, on the E. flde or the
Cayuga Lake; fouth of a weft line
drawn from the fouth-wefterly comer
of the townfliip of Aurelius, in the E.
bounds of the faid refervation to this
faid Cayuga Lake. The county courts
of Onondago co. are held at Manliua
and Scipio alternately. The lands are
very fertile. The courts are at prefent
held in the plcafant village of Aurora,
on the bank of Cayuga Lake.
SciTUATB, a toNviifliip of Maflachu*
fetts, on the hay of that name, in Ply.
mouth CO. x8 miles fouth-eaft of Bofton.
It_ was incorporated in 1637, and con-
tains 1856 inhabitants. Scituate har-
bour IS N. W. of Marflifield Point,
and S. S. E. of the Haddock Rock,
and about 16 miles northward of Ply.
mouth, in the direflion of the land. A
mill-pond in this town being fuddenly
drawn off by a breach in the dam, in
the winter feafon, fome years ag^, exhi-
bited a matter of fpeculation to many
of the Inhabitants. The fwine of the
neighbourhood rooted op houfe fwal-
lows in great quantities, from the fpot
which the water had left, which they
ate greedily. Swallows have been found
In leveral other places j at Eeg Har-
bour, in New- Jerfey, in a marmy place,
a large cedar being blown down, a vaft
■umber of fwallows were found in the
mud of the root.
Scituate, a townfliip of Rhode-
Ifland, Providence co. between Foftci'
and Johnfton. It contains 1315 inha-
bitants. It is «7 miles N. W. of New-
port, and n S. W. b3r W. of Provi-
dence. On the line which I'eparates the
town from Kent co. S . is the foundary for
cannon and bells, called Hope Furnace.
ScooDiCK, or Schudickt a river of
Wafliington co. Diftrift of Maine. It
is properly an arm of the inner bay of
Paflamaquoddy. De Mens and Cham-
plaine called it Etchemins. Its main
fource is near Penpbfcot river, to which
the Indians have a communication ;
the carrying- place acrofs is hut 3 ndles.
Scoodicic lak6s lie in a chain between
Scoodick and Penpbfcot rivers.
Scotch
49^ SCR
SCOTCH PAuM/i » village in Efllx eo.
New-J«rr«)ri on a N> C. branch of Ra.
jiton I iver> between WeAfieUl ami Tur<
fcy ) II miles W. of EUtahctU Town,
und aa far northward of New-Brunl-
wick.
Scotland AVcil', a village of N. Ca.
roliiia, whrre i» a poft>oiSce) 396 miles
from Philiuielphia.
Scot land, New. ^tt Nova- Scotia.
Scotland Rl'vci'^ in the illand of
Barbadocs, is fcnrcely dcferving notice,
elhei-wiie than being almoft the only
rivulet in the ifland, except St. JnCcph's
rive*', another imall brook. It riles in
St. Andrew's pariih, and falls into Long
Bay on tlie eatiem lidc of the iiland, %\
miles N. W. of St. Joleph'i river.
Scott, a new county of Kentucky.
Scots Bay, on the ibuth-wcft coall
•of the ifland of Dominica, towards tiie
Ibuthern extremity of the ifland. It lies
in St. Martin's parlfli, having Scots
Head on the foutb, and Vaughan's
Point on the N.
Scots Coar, on the fouth-weft part
of tlie ifland ot Jamaica.
ScowUEGAN FallSf in Kennebcck
rivtr, in the Diflri6\ of Maine, are near
the town of Canaan. Buat» cannot pafs
this fall. *
ScRiVAN, a good haibonr on the £.
fide of the Iflhmus of Darien, but lb full
«f rocks at the entrance, that none can
.{lai's it with fafety, but fuch as are ac-
quainted there. It is 3 leagues W. of
Sanballet Point, and 17 £. of Poitu
Bello. N. lat. 9. 40. W. long. 78. 49.
SCRiVEN, a new county in the lower
Diflri^ of Georgia.
ScROON Lakct in the State of New-
York, lies W. of Lake George, and is
a dilatation of the eaflern branch of
Hudlbn^s. river. In fome maps it is cull-
ed ScaroH. A flnail but rapiil flream
enters ii)to it, which, in Montgo.Tiery
CO. runs under a hill, the bale ot which
is 60 or 70 yards diameter, forming a
ir.ofl curious and beautilml arch in the
rock, as white as fnow. The fury of
tlic water and the roughnefs of the bot>
turn, added to the terrific noife within,
lias hitherto prevented any perfon from
piiUng througii the chai'm.
Scrub JJUuiJ^ one of the fmaller Vir-
gin lilands, fltuated totne W. of Vir-
girl Gorda, and E. of the N. end of Tor-
tula, on which it depends. N. lat. 18.
>5. W. long. 6». 57*
S B B
Seabrook, a towndtipof N. Hamp-
fliire, in Rockingham co. on the roati
from Portl'mouth to Newbury Port}
about 16 miles foulherly of the former,
and 6 nortjierly of the latter. It was
formerly part of Hampton { was ir.cor-
t>orated in 1768, and contains 71 j in-
tabitan's.
ScAKOHNET Poi$a and Roiksy tlie S.
extremity of the eaflern fltore which
forms the entrance of Narragatil'ct Hay,
in the State of Rhode- Iflnnd } about 6
miles eafl-fouth- eall of Newport.
Seal IJland, MacbiaSf oii the coaft
of the Diilrift of Maine. From thence
to Grand Manan Ifland the courl'e is
£. N. £. two leagues ; and to Matini.
cus Ifland W. S. W. tG leagues. N.
lat. 44. 27. W« long. 66. 52.
Seal Rivir, in New North Wales,
runs E. to Hudibu's Bay, into which
it empties c:dtward of Moole river.
Sea Otter SouttJf on the N. W.
coaft of N. America, lies Ibuth-eallerly^
of the Hazy Iflandsk N.lat. 55. 18. W.
long. i33«47' 30- .
Searsburoii, a townfhip of Ver-
mont, Bennington CO. 11 miles E. of
Bennington.
Seavilv's IJland. See Pafcaiaqua
river.
Sebaco, an ifland on the W. conft
of Mexico, 12 miLs N. of Point Ma-
riat, and 45 N. E. of Quicara.
Skbacook, or Sebago, a pond or lake
of the Oilfrifl of Maine, 18 miles N.
W. of Portland, is equal in extent to 2
large towafliips, and is connc£led with
Long Pond on the N. W, by Simgo, or
Songo river. The whole extent ot thefe
waters is nearly 30 miles norlh-wett
and fouth-eaft.
Sebarima, one of the principal
mouths of Orunoko river that is navi-
gable for fliips.
Sebascoouagan IJJand. See Harf/-
nuelU
SEBASTACOOK,arIveroftheDiftri6l:
of Maine, that riles in lakes marly N.
from its mouth} and in jts wiiiilingi
receives i)iook!i and fmall lireaiiis ior
tho f'pace of 150 miles, and joins tha
Keniicbeck at Taconnet Fail, wber,*
Fort Halifax was erected in 1754. Ih^;
fall i,s eighteen miles from f ort Wcf-
tern, which was built in 175''. Its nu-
merous ifreams abound with imall fifli,
as alewives, &c<
^ba3TIan, C<^^, 5t» the eaftern
point
iO.Ol
poiat
SEC
^int , of the Ouir of Darieu, on the
I'oaft of the Spanifh Main» is <o leaguei
from the welUin point of Cape Tibu-
i-on. Here was funncrly a city* which
WHi abandoned on account of ita un-
vyholefunte fituation.
Sebastian, Caft St. oil the coaft of
California. N. lat.43. W.lon£c< ii^>
Skbastian, i^*/. Stc Rit Jitntiro,
SsiiAjiTlAN, St, a town of Terra Fir-
ina, on the cafttrn lide .of the Gulf of
Darien.
Sebastian ^nJ, St. nn the conft
of Brazil, is S. W. by W. from the bny
of Angra dos Reys) to the enllward of
which are feveral other iflaiuls of iei's
note. , The city of Sdiadinn is large and
handfome, and the capital of the pro-
vince of Rio Janeiro, being feated at the
mouth of the rlvcr of tliat name. Si latk
sa. 54., W. long; 4f . 1 1 .
Sebastian River, St. or Spanf/b Ad-
miral's Creek, on the E. coaft of Eali-
Florida, has a communication with In-
dian river. Oppofite this river the admi-
ral of the Plate Fleet periflied in 1715.
The red of the fleetj 14. in number, wera
loft between this and the fieach yard.
Sebastian de la Plata, % i'mall
place in the jurifdiflion of ^opayanj in
the province of Quito, fix miles north-
eaft or Pbpayan. It ftands on a large
plain on the bank of the river Galli,
and is fubjc^ to earthquakes. There
are filver mines in its vicinity; hi. lat.
3.44-W. biigr. 74. I.
Sebou, or Sihou, fmall iflandson the
coaft of Cape Breto^ illand; oif the
ibuth point of Port Dauphin.
Secas isLANl^s, or S)ry IJlanJs, on
the W. coaft of New-Mcxico, are
within Bahia Honda, or Peep Bay, an-.i
iz miles from Point Ch|i'i()ui, the limit
of the bay,
Sechura, a town of Peru, ten
leagues fouth of Piura, fituafed on the
bank of a river of its own nanw, a
league from the ocean. It contains
abput 400 families, all Indians ; chiefly
employed in fifhing or driving of mules.
They are remarkably ingenious, ami
giinerally fticceed in, whatever they ap-
ply themfelves to. The D.'fci t oF Se-
chura is a frightful wufte of land, ex-
tending 30 leagues to the town of Mo-
rope\ which lee, S. lat. 5. 32. 33.
W. long. 79. 41.
SeckLtOno, a town of NL-w-Sp-»in,
OQ the Molquito ihors, on the N. wcl-
S E M 499
tern (Ide of Golden river; about tos
miles from Cape Gracias a Dioi, at tlio
mouth of th« river.
Seo, Cafes a promontory on the N,
fide of the ifljnd of Cuba, and iSlcagiiea
from the Havannah.
SsDowiciC, a tuwnfhip of the Dif*
trift of Maine, Hnncock co. on Naf-.
keag Point, which bounds Penobfcot on
the N. E. It txtvnds up to the town
of Penobfcot, and >« 3 1 5 miles N. E .
of Botion,
Seekhonk Rinjtf is the name of
that part of P^wtuckct river below
Pawt\ickct Bridge ami Falls ) from
which to its moutii at Fox Point, in the
town* of Providence, is a little morethfn
four miles. Over it arf> two br;dgei»
connc<5ling Providence in Rhode-Ifland
with the State of Mafliichufetts, viz.
India biidge, and thrre.fourths of a
mile above that Central bridge. S«e
Vawtuckct.
Seewee Bay, or /?i(//V Harbour, on
the cnnft of S; t!arolina» lies nearly at an
equal diftance fouth-weft of Ca)>e Ro-
man, and north eaft of Charlefton En*
trance, having feveral ifles which form
the bay.
Segovia, New, a finall city in the
;i)rililii5li< nufGuatimalai in New-Spain,
30 miles north of New-Granada, It
has feveral gold mines in its neighbour-
hood, though the city is iinull and
thinly inhai)ited. N. lat. la. 4s, Wj
long. 87. 31. ,
SeguataNBio. See Cbequetan, *
Seguing IflanJ, or Sgqum, on the
C9aft of tiic DiftriL^ of Mume, is one of
the Ibuthernmolt idands in (^^afco Bay ;
bct'.vten Cape ^mnll Point and George
Town. There is a liijht-houfe on this
iliandwhich contains a repeating li(>ht,
IbconrtniiKd ns to difappear once every
minute rind ;i haU, which diftinguiftt^
it from Portland light, N. at. 43. S^*
W.|i;rig. 6fj. ?o. i,ri'..^'k
Segura df la Frontera, a large
town ill the, piovlnce of Tlntcaia,, aiuji
^;ingdoln of Mexico, fevi-nty miles
weft of Xiiappa, ajul in tlie road froifi
Vera Cruz to Mexico. T!>c lurround-
ing country has a temperate air, .and'*-.
is remru'kahly fruitful, producing J jvi-g«
quantities of corn- and fruits, particu-?
larly grapes N. lat. 19. 28. W. lon^.
100. TO.
Seminoles, a divlfion of the Creek
nation of Indians.. They inhabit the
1 i 1 flat.
Soo
SEP
flat, level country on the rivers Apala-
chicela and Flint. See C«ikt,
SlMPtONlUs, a townlhip of New-
Yt>rk, nearlv in the centre of the cmtn-
t^of Onondago, ii 10 milea fouth-calt
troin the ferry on Caytiga Lake. It it
within the jurilUiAion of the tovmfliip
of Scipio.
Senica, a (own of New- York* O-
nondago co. lately laid off into fireeta
an(> l^uarcs, on the north fide of Seneca
Falla« The cntcrprifing proprietor!
are eroMng ilour and fiiw inulai of the
heft kind* on this never failing (treani }
and from its eentral fituation, both by
lanti and water, between the eaftem and
wcftem countrieiy beins at the carrying
placcf it promiles a rapid inereafe. The
proprietor* have expended large fums
of nionev, not only in ereiline milla, hut
in buikfing a convenient bridge acroft
Seneca river, and are now co-operating
with the enterprifing Gen. Williamfon
in making a good waggon.road* to Ge-
neva.
Seneca Creekt in Kfaryland, has two
branches { one of which la called Little
Seneca. It empties into Patowmac riv-
er, about 19 mdes N. W. of the mouth
of Rock Creek, which feparates George
Town fram WaOiingtoii city.
Sbneca, Lakt. See Canada Sage
Lakt,
SfiNtCA RitftTt in the State of New.
York, rife* in the Seneca country j.irHas
cadwardly, and in its paflitge receiveB<
the waters of Seneca and Cayuga lakes,
(which lie north and ibutn 10 or is
miles apart} each is between 30 and 4.0
miles in length, and a mile in breadth)
and empties into the Ohondago rivec, 34
miles below the falls, at a place called
the Three Rivets. The river is boata-
ble from the lakes downwards. Within
half a mile of the rivrr is the famous
Si^lt Lake. See OtmiJt^tt County, and
Military Toivn/bips.
Sen EC as, a tribe of Indians, one of
the Six Natioas. They inhabit on Ge-
neflee river, at tht Ginieffee CaiUc. The
ti'ibecanMs>ofabout i^tofouls. They
have two towns of 60 or 7o> foul*, each,
on Freneh Creek in Pennfylvania, and
another town on BuiFaloe Creek, and
two fmall towns on Alleghany river.
Si^NTER Harbenrt in the north-weft
part of Lake Winnipifeogee.
SCPAILATI0N Bajft in the Straits of
Magellan, is % league* within Cape iUl-
8 ES
tar, it the weft end of the ftraltv, and
lie* W. of Tuefday Bay.
SERENA, L*. See Cequiiiihtk
8erko»ppi» a captainfliip of Braiilr
fo named from a river of the fame name,,
running through the middle of it, aritl
falling into the Atlantic Ocean in lat.
ti. is. fouth. It i* buundtd north by
the river St. Francis^ and I'uuth by that
of Todos lo» Santos. It produces fugnr
and tobacco in confiderable ouantities.
Srrecu'PB, the capital or the above
captainfliip, with a harl'otir on the S.
Atlantic Ocean, 4^ leagues N. E. of
St. Salvadoite. It is fituatcd on a rifing
ground on the north fule of Va^aharis
river, 33 miles from the iVa. It is very
inconfiderable ; but has fome filver mines
in its neighbourhood. S. lat. 11. -no..
W..long. 31. s.
SERaANA, an ifle between Jamaica
and the cuaft of Nicaragua, which took
its name from one j'rrrairarwho parted
with the fleet from Spain, in tht time of
Charles V..and was fliipwrecked on the
rocks of this ifland { but having galicd
the fliore by fwimming, he fownd there
neither herbs, trees, nor water^and went
overall the ifland, whiah is about (-miles
in circuit, without finding any thing to
quench thirft or fatisfy hunger. Prmtl
at laft with extreme hunger, he caueht
fome crabs on the fliore, which were his
food for fome days } and then feeing large
turtles which came afliore, he caught
fome of them. Having lived for three
year* in this manneiv on crabs and tur*
ties, and drank nothing but rain-water
which he gathered in turtle-flielis, he
difcovcred another companion in mil-
fortune, who had alfo been fliipwreck-
ed. This companion was fome com-
fort to him» and they lived four years
together } at the end of which time^ a
veilcl coming near the ifland,. carried
them both to Spain. The laft of the(e
dietl on the way thither j but Serrana
was carried to Germany, and prefenied
to Charles V. as^a kind of prodigy, for
all his body was. overgroWn with hair
like a bear, and his beard came down to
his waift.- The emperor beftowed oiv
him 4800 ducats to be yaid in Peru ;
: but he died on. his way to Panama, as
he was going to receive them.
Sbseme ^a>h a river of the N.W.
Territory, wliicit empties through the
wefternbank of Illinois river, about iSo
miles fcom tlie Miflifippi. Its mouth is
40 yards
S E Y
40 yardi wide} ami the land bonlerhig
on it ii verygwHi. It Is huatahle 60 milci.
6BVKN Bnlttrtt fmall iflandt on the
north coall of the tfland of 8t. Domin-
They lie oppoftte the mouih uf
SH A
jot
btite Chrift river, or Grand Yaqui,
Thiiy have occalioiied leveral wrecks,
and prove a (kelter to prtvateere.
SiVBN f^wuis Bajt on the north fide
of the river St. Lawrence} »{ leagues
from the W. end of the ifland of Aati-
cofti, and in lat. 50. «o. N. It wai
one of the 'French pofti for trading with
the Indians* and hae a very fccure har-
bour for (hips in any wind.
61VEIIN, a fmaH river of Maryland,
of (hort courft;, which runs fuuth^eaft
to Chefapeak Bay. It paffes by Anna-
polis city on the N. and empties into
the bay about two miles below the city.
Sbvbrn, r river of New South
Wales, which purCuee a north eaderly
courfe, and enters Hudfon's Bay at Se-
,vem Huufe, which is 160 miles eatt of
York Fort.
Sevjkr, a county of TennelTee, Ha.
milton Di(tri£l. In 1795 it contained,
according to the State cenfus, 3578 in-
.habitants, including np flaves.
6e VILLA Nfttvm, a town which was
founded by the famous Er<)uivel, on the
iHorthfideof the ifland of Jamaica} a
little to the weftwanl of Mammee Bay,
and the fpot .which had been honoured '
by the refidence of Columbus, after his
fltipwreck in 1 503. It is now called
-Suville Plantation } and the ruins of the
ancient town are ftill viCble in fome of
•the cane fields.
Sewee Bajf or Buits Narbem-t on
ithe coaft of 8. Carolina, is fouth-we^
.of Caoe Carteret. The long and nar-
row ifland called l^acoon Keys is l)e-
tween Cape Carteret Ifland and the en-
trahce to this harbour, which is at the
N. £. end of Bull's Ifland. See Seenuee.
Sbyivo, or Sey<vOt a fettlemenr in the
fouth-eaft part of the ifland of St. Do-
mingq, on the upper road from Higuey
to St. Domingo city ; 1 8 leagues well
by north of the former, and 7,1^ N. JE^. of
the latrer. It is alfo is leagues north
«f the little iflai^ of St. Catherine, on
the fouth coatl of the main ifland. It,
is not that founded in 150a, by John of
Efquivel, but a .fettlement formed in
the fame canton about 60 years ago by
.feveral nraaiers, and has a place ofwor-
augmented! but is now falling todcctjr*
The parifli contains more thaa 4000
peribns) the greatcft part of whom
are graaiers or hcrdimen, free mgractt
or people of colour.
SHArTiiVRY, a confiderable and
flourifliing townfhip of Vermont. It
has Arlington on the north, and Ben«
nington on the fouth* and contaiiM 1999
inhabitants.
SiiAO Iflandt near the entrance int*
Chriflmas Sound, on the iouth coaft of
the Ulapd of Terra del Fueg«. The
entiance to Port Clerke m this Ibund
is juft to the north of fome low rocks
which lie off a point of Shag Ifland.
Shallow tordt ia that part of Tm^
neflTee river which is x too yards broad {
i\ miles above the Whirl. It lies be-
tween Chatamiga and Chickaugoriversj
which fall in from the ibuth-eaft.
Shallow Wattrt Prnt^ on the N.
W. coaft of N. America, lies in lat. 61.
N. Between this point and Shoal Ne%
which is 3 degrees uf lat. to the fmith-
ward, Capt.Cok did not explore the
coaft, on accnint qf -the ftuiUow water
he met with.
Shambe, n fmall river of Weft Flo-
rida, which empties intoPenfacola Bay.
It admits fliallops fome miles up, and
boats upwards of 50 miles,.
Suamokin. a former Mqravian fet«
tlement, a little below the town of Sun«
bury, in Penni'ylvania.
Shamokin Crtek runs weftward into
Sufquehannah river, a mile fouth of
Sunbury, in Pennfylvania.
Sh A N N OCK . (JwHtry. See Rbodt'
IJland State.
Shapleigh, a to • nfliip of the Dif-
tri£l of Maine* on the W. Une of York
CO. at the head of Moufons river. It
was incorporated in 1785, contains
1329 inhabitantSy and lies loSm^es N.
of Bofton.
Sharon, a townfliip of Vermont,
Windlbr co. eaftwnrd of Koyalton, and
weftwanl of Norwicli on White river.
It contains 569 inhabitants.
Sharon, a townfliip of Maflachti-
fetts, Norfolk co. 10 miles fouth-wef-
teily of Bofton, It was taken from
Stoughton, and incorporated in 11 765.
It contains 1994. inhiabitanu.
Shaiwn, a townihipof Connefticui'j
in Litchfield co. boundad eaik>by Oom-
I wall, from which it is ftfparated
(hip. towards the year '1780 it bad I Houfatonk rircri and weft % thrHpK
jM S H A
Um cF Neiv^Yiirlc Ctatei. It it about
smnilctN.W. of Litchfield. ' -
e«AiiON, a village in G«oi-gia, about
5 nsilM from Savannah. Iff thin place,
juft at the clofe uf the war, Gen. Wayne
VNM attacked in a furious maimer by a
body of Cherokee Iitdians, headed by a
Britifli ofEc^r^ They fought hand to
hand manfully, and took i fuecet of ar*
tiUery. JBut Gen. Wayne^ at the iia-
■ard of his own life, gained the vi6lory
Sharon, a new tovvn in Seholarie
cOi New>York, itscorpot-ated ill i7<)7.
Sharkstown, in Qjieen Anri«;*'/ co.
Maryland. ■ Ste Kent County.
Sharpsburg, a poft town of Mary*
land, WaOiington cO. about t^o miles
from Patowmac river, and nearly op-
poilte to Shephefd^own, in Virginia, at
the mouth of Shenandoah river. It
conuin£ a church, and abuur a 50 houfes.
It is 9 miles N. N. W. of Wiliialm's
port, 69 Vl i by N. uf Baltimore, and
xS-ji W. S. W. of Philadelphia.
Shawaneb, and Sbavan6M\ the
former the Indian, and the latter the
French name of Cumberland river, in
the State of Tenntflce. It is alfo called
Sbaioanee.
Shawanese:, or Sbmvanees, an In-
dian nation, great numbers of whom
have joined the Creek confederacy.
They have 4. towns on the Tallapoole
river, containing 300 warriors; and
more are expefted to remove ' thither.
By the treaty of p<;ace, Aug. 3, 1795,
the United • States agreed to pay to
this tribe r. fum m band, and louo dol-
lars a year for ever, in-goods. They in-
habit aifu on Sv o river, und a brat'ch
of the Muikir,>^um, and have tiieir
hunting-grounds between Ohio river
and Lake Erie. They are generally of
a fmali fise, rather handfome in their
fb'Ltures, and art verv cheerful and
crafty peopli% Counfelling among their
eld poople, and dancing annong their
yu'ing men and women, take up a great
^art of their time.^
Shawangunk, a townfliip in Uliler
co/.Newyork { hoiHuled eaftrrly byNcw-
burgh and- Marlborough, .'\nd fourherly
by Montgomery and i:he Platte Kill. It
contains SiaR :..><abitants ; of whom 37.3
are e cflort, and 3 50 fl.ives. It is xo m'xW^
frc iiDoihen, and it from NewPaltz.
ShawbheEN, a L infulierable iiream
of Madacnur^'tts, which rifes in Beillurd,
fl| AIiddleii»( ca. and| pafTmg through
SHE
Billerica, Tewklburyand AndiDver.dtfi>
charged Itlelf into \lerriinack rivers
Sheba {|f?<tv</. SttSabai
ShecatIca, a bay of v«y irregtilar
fhapc and breadth, on the coal|t|ot La-
brador, N. America} h^jfJnjf an ifland
of its uam^ at its mouth. ' It' is fituated
between lat. 51.^4. and'ji. aS; N.and
between Ibrtg. 58* i<. 4nd 5«. '»». W.
ShbcuakV, a lake of New North
Walts, formed like a bow. It receives
ChurAill rtver from thefouth*Weft and
at its N. E. end has communication
with BeVbazOn Lake, which lies due N.
and fouth. At the fouth end of the
latter, the waters of both lakes run E.
under the name of Seal river, which
empties into HudfUn's Bky at Churchill
Fort, between Button's Bay on the N.
and Cape Churchill on th« fouth-eaft.
Both lakes ire long and narrow.
Shediac, a harbour on the eaftern
coaft of New-Bruhfwick, and on the
W. fide of the Gulf of %*. Lawreuctj
53 miles louth-eaft of Miramichi Bfey.
Sh EEPscot,of Sheepfcuti%irM\\ riv-
er of the Diftriil of Maine; which empi
ties into the ocean to the EJ of Ken-
ntbeck, and is navigable ao or 30 miles.
On the W. fide of this river is the ex-
ceJIent port called Wifcaffet, in the
townfhip of Pownalboro\igh. Newcaltle
townftjip is at the head of navigation on
this river,' and extends from SheepCcot
to Damarifcotfa river. The compafl
part,'vv>hieh is a'poft-town, is 10 miles
N. E. of WifcaCt. Sheeprcot har-
bour has high watei , at full and change,
45 minutes after jo o'clock } depth, 9
fathoms.
Sheep's Cow, on the eaft 'coaft of
Newfoundland, lies between Bay Ro-
bert and Port Grave.
Sheffield, a townfliip in the north*
ern' part of Caledonia co. V'ermon*.
Sheffield, a poll- town of Mafl*a-
chirfttts, BerkThirc coi 30' miles fouth-
taft of Hud Ton in the State of NeW-
Yojk, 145 wcft-routh-wi'ft of Bofton,
and «57 north-talVof PljibJtlphia. It
wai incorporated in 173), and contains
r,S99 inhabitants.' Honlatcnic river,-
which is nine rous iii bitadth, pafles
ihiough if from north' to fouth, which
with ii« branches fiipply water for fe-
veral mills and iron works. South Moun-
tain extends the whole lenfrth of the
town, along rlie eaft fide of the river.
She LBU RN e, a townlhip of Vermont,
Chiitendeu
CJ.
r.difi.
SHE
Ch'ittieixlen co» on tlie eaft fide of Lake
ChampUin. It has Burlington on the
north, and Charlotte on the ibuthi ind
contains 389 inhabitants.
Shelsvrnb, an interior townfhip in
Grafton co. New-HampOtire. Kt was
incorporated in tji^t and contains 35
inhabitants.
Shelbvknb, a township in Harop-
fliire county, Maflathufitttv, adjoining
Greenfield.
Shelburne, atownoFNova Scotia,
at the head of a bay which runs up
from Port Rofeway, at the fouth-weft
part of the province. In 17S3, it cori-
tained, 600 families, hut is now lefs
Eopnlous. It is 18 mites north -ea(t of
tarrington, and ii fuuth-wcft by ibuth
•f- Halifax.
Shelby, a new county of Kentucky^.
Shelter IJlauJ, ar the eaft end of
Long Iflanii, in Suffolk co. New- York,
lies 3 leagues weft of Gardner's Kland.
It is about 5 milci from euft to weft,
and 7 from north to fouth. It is a fruit-
ful (pot, containing shout 8000 acres ;
)«as incorporated m i738, and contains
ftoi inhabitants, of whom 34. are tl<iCt-
■ ors. Confiderable numbets of cattle,
theep and poultry are railed here.
Wiicn you leave SiieJter Ifland on j-our
larboard hand, and run weft by north
about 5.or 6 miles,you will ope:, a large
Iwy wlicre 100 ikil of vefltis may iie
fafe and anchor in 3 or 4. fathoms.
Shenandoah, ^ county of Virginia,
iiuundcd north by Frederick, and foiith
by Kockingl^um. It containt* 10,510
inhabitants, inciiid'ng 5iillaves. Chief
town, WoodrtbclL
Shenandoah, a river of Virginir.,
whichrii'es in Augulf 1 co. aiid after run-
ning a north ealt courie of about ji^o
miies, it j(.in$ the Patowmack in ahout
Jat. 38. 4.. jult betbre tiie Utttr burftii
through the Blue Kidge. It is naviga-
ble about 100 n)ilts } and ma/ be ren
dered fo nearly itii wli'qle courll- at u
imall expenie. Whai this is done, it
will bear the produce of the richeft part
of the State.
Shenandoah Valky, exrends from
Winchcftcr, in Virginia, to CarliHe and
(he Sul'quei)annah,in Penrfylvania, and
is chi(;f)y inhabited by Genpans and
Dutch.
^HEPHERDBFiELD, a plantation of
the Diftrifl of Maine, in CumSicrland
cj. containing ^30 iuhabituus.
SHI S03
Shxvhbrdstqwn, or SbipherJJburgf
a poft-town of Virginia, fituated in Berk-
ley CO. on the fouth fide of PatowRuiclc
river. Its fituation is healthy and agree-
able, ami the neighbouring country it,
fertile and well cultivaied. It contains
alwut 2000 inhabitants^ moftly of Ger-
man extra6tion. It lies at the month of
Shenandoah riverf oppufite to Sharpf-
burg; 10 milet eaft by fouth of Mar-,
tiniburg, and 178 foutli'weft by weft of
Philadelphia.
Sherburne, in Maflachuletts ) fee.
Nojituciet.
Sherburne, i& townfliip of New-
York, Herkemer co. By the State cen-
i'usof 1796, it contains 4S3 inhabitants,
of wlvom 79 are electors.
$HETVCKBT,a riwrrof Conne£licut,
which is formed by the junAipn of
Willomantic and Mount Hope rivers,
and after running eaft a few miles, pur-
lues a ibuthem courfe, and uniting with
Qninabaug river, empties into the
Thames in the fouth part of the town*
ihip of Norwich.
Shi MENS Portt on the north fide of
theifland of St. Johii, in the gulf of St.
Lawrence. Its entrance, weft of St.
Pfter's harbour, i« i^cry narrow; but
the baton wi'hiii :s very fpstcious.
SuiNfMO Mountains^ in the north-
weft p^rt of North- America, are litLJe
known. It is conjectured that they ter*
ininatc in 2iM)Pt lat. 47. or 48. N. where
a number of rivers rile, afid empty
themiv'lves either into the North Pacific
Ocean, into Hudfon's Bay ; into tlie
water* which lie between them, or into
the Atlantic Ocean. They are called
alio t lie Mountains of Bright Stones , on
account of the immen e number of large
cryftals, ftiooring frcn the rocks, and
f'parkling in the rayf of the lun, fo as'to
be l<:en at a great d dance.
Smv I/la/tdt lies betv/een Horn and
Cat Ifland, on the coaft of Weft- Flori-
da, aiid 1;; ahoui 10 miU'S fouth of the
Bay of Bljoyi. It is 9 miles long »nd *
broad ; produ.ccj pine t^^ecs and grafs,
and ha^ a t^cjable -A'ell of water in it.
Shipbandstown, in Virginia, on
the fouth fide of the PatQwmapi^, 40 or
50 milejj from Alexandria.
SHipPENsBURG,apjft-townjofPeni|-
fylvania, Cumberland co.on abnti.chof
Conedogwiimet Creek, which einptiec
into the Sufquehannah { and contains
about 60 houies, •chiefly built cf ftone.
114 * It
V
S04
S HR
It i* *i miles north by eaft of Cham-
beiibui^r ^ like diftitnct fouth-wd) of
Carlifle, aud 14.6 imft of Philadelphia.
Skirlby* a townfliip of Mafl'Achu-
fctttt in the north-weft part of Middle-
fex CO. 41 mile* N. W. of Boftun. It
WM incorporated m 17531 and contain*
6f7 inha)>itant«.
Shirley, a rownihip of Pennfylva.
QM» iituated in Himtingdon county.
« SHOAI.S, f/Us tf, tkve 7 in number,
fituated on the coa/tof New-Hampfliiit; ;
and to thefe the celebrated Cspt. John
Smith gave his own name, but the in-
gratititde of man ha* denied hi* memory
that fmelt honour. The Ifle of Shoal*
to the Dry Salvage Rock, the coiirfe '.s
S. f W. 8 leagues ; toPorti'mouthN.N.
W.-3 leagues J to Newbury-Port Bar
S, W. 7 league; ; to York harbour N.
^£.5 league*. N. lat. 41. 59. W. long.
76. 33.
SkoeNBCK, a Moravian fettlement in
Pennrylvania, near Nazareth } begun in
J757.
Shorkham, a townftiip of Vermont,
Addifon co. on the eatt fide of Lake
Champlain, having Oi-well on the foiith
and Bridport on the N. a little N> £• of
Ticonderoga, Itcontninsy 1 1 inhabitants.
ShR£WSBV^y, a Doft-town of New-
Jci-fcy, Monmouth co. on the fea board,
having Middletown on the N. Freehold
W. and Dover Ibtuh-weiK North river
divides it from Middletown, and is na-
vigable a few miles. This town is 1 5
miles north-eaft by eaft of Monmouth
couit-houfe, 14. ibuth-eaft of Middle-
town Point, 49 eafterly of Trenton, 33
fouth-caft by eaft of Brunfwick, and 79
eallvnorth-eaft of Philadelphia. The
compact ;.)art of the town is pleafant,
and contains anEpilcopal and a Prelby-
terian church, and a meeting-houle for
Friends. On the iide of a branch of Na-
vefink river, in this town, is a remark-
able cave, in which are 3 rooms, arched
with a loft porous rock, through which
tlie moifture (lowly exudes, and falls in
drops on the land below. The town-
ship contains 4,673 inhabitants, includ-
ing 214 fl-ives. Much genteel company
from Philadelphia and New- York re-
fort here during the i'ummer months,
for health and plcafure.
Shrewsbury, a tov/nfljip of Ver-
mont, ill Rutland CO.' between Claren-
don cy rlie weft, and Saltalh on the eaft,
and cuniains 3ii} inhabifsnts.
8 Iff
Shrewsbury, a townfliip in York
CO. Pennfylvania.
Shrewsbury, a townfliip in Wor-
cefter co. Maflachufetts } 6 miles eaft of
Worcefter, and 40 weft by fouth of Bof-
ton. It was incorporated in 1^*7, and
contains 963 inhabitants .n
Shubenacadie, a river of Nova-
Scotia, which rifes within a mile of the
town of Dartiituutb, on the E. fide of
Halifax harbour, and empties into Cobe-
quid Bay, taking in its courfe the Slewi-
ack and Gay's rivers. The gi'cat lake
of the fimc name lies on the £. iide of
the ro-id which leads from Halifax to
Windibr, and about feven miles from it,
and XI miles from Halifax.
Sf.VTESBUR Y> a townfliip of Mafla-
chufetts, Hampfliirc co. on the eaft fido
-jf Conne^Ucut river, about 1,6 miles N,
£. of Northampton, and 90 V/. by N.
o( Bofton. ;
SiARA, or Stara, a town on the N«
£. coaft of Brazil, in the captainfliip of
its name. 3. lat. 3, 30. W. long. 39. co,
Andrew Vidal, of Negrciros, was chief
magiftrate of this city in the year 1772,
in the i24.th year of his age, and dif-
charged his duty as a judge to entire
fatisfaflion ; and died z years after, in
fidl pofleflion of his mental power*. In
1 773> 189 of his defcendants were alive.
Sib aldes, iflands on the coaft cf Pa-
tagonia, in S. America. S> lat. 50. 53.
W. long. 59. 35.
Sibau Iflands f on the coaft of Cape
Breton Ifland, lie off the fouth point of
Port Dauphin, nnd aftbrd good anchor-
age.
Sicca Punto, or Dry Pointy on the
north coaft of S. America, on the Span-
ifli Main, is the north-weft limit of
Triefte Bay, and foutherly of the iflaitd
c "Curacao.
biCHEM, formerly a fettlement of the
Moravians, on the eaft line of New.
York State} 25 miles £. S.E. of King-
fton, on Hudlbn's river.
Sidney, a townfliip of New- York
State, on the north line of Pefinfjivania,
oppofite to the mouth of Chtnengo
river; having Sufquchannah for its
north and eaftern boundaiy.
Sideling /////, a range of hills which
lie in the north- weftern part of Mary-
land, between Alleghany and Waftiing-
ton counties, which arc divided by the
creek of the fame name.
S|£RR£ Madre. See Andts.
SILVER
SIN
Silver Bkjft a coiifiderahle height
upon the Caioli.ia (hore of Savannah
river } perhape 30 feet higher than the
low lands on the oppofite ftiore, which
are .fubie£k to inundations in the fpring
and falU This fteep bank rifes psi^n.
di<>ularly out of the river, difcovering
various ftrata of earth. The furface of
the ground upon thitt bhifF> which ex-
tends nearly two miles on the river, and
from half a mile to a mile in breadth, is
nearly level, and a good fertile ibif, as
npprars by the vaft oaks, hickory, mul-
berry, black walnut, and other trees and
flirubi left ftanding in the old fi«lds,
which are fpread abroad to a great dif-
tance. . Here are various vellig(;s of the
ancients ; as Indian conical mounts, ter-
races, areas. &c. as well as traces of for-
trefles of regular formation, as if con-
(tru6led after the modes of European mi-
litary archite6ls ; which Tome luppofe to
be the ancient camps of the Spaniards,
who formerly 6xed themfelves here, in
hopes of finding filver.
Simon's, St. the e.iftemmoft of the
3 large idands tituated at the mouth of
the Alatamaha river in Georgia, having
on the N. N. E. Little St. Simn^s If-
landi and between thefe is the eaftern
mouth of the river. The Ibuthem end
of the ifland is near the N. mouth of the
Alatamaha. It formerly had a Itrong
battery erefled here, for the defence of
Jekyl Sound] in which 10 or la forty
gun (hips may ride in I'afety. This iO^md
is about 45 miies in length, and from
two to four ir breadth , has a rich and
fruitful foil, full of oak and hickory
trees, intermixed with meadows and
old Indian fields. In the middle of the
ifland is the town of Fredcrica. The
bai or entrance of St. Simon's is 8. by
W. 19 leagues from Tybee Inlet.
Simon's Fort, St. at the fouth end of
St. Simon's liland, is 9 or 10 miles from
St. Simon's Bar ; and is remarkable for
its white appenrance,
SiMSBURYt a townfliip of Conne^i-
cut, in Hartford co. 14. miles N. W. of
Hartfoixi. Copper ore has been found
here. .
SiNEMAKONiNC, a N. weftenimoft
branch of Sufquehannah river.
SiNEPUXENT, a very long bay on
the fouth- eaft coaft of Maryland } a
number of long and narrow ifland s fe
parating it from the Atlantic Ocean.
6ine|)ux«nt Inlsti is ia about lat. %%> 10.
SIS ^0$
30. N. and neyly i% miks eaft of the
town of Snowhill.
SiNG-SiNO, an inconfiderabU village
on the eaft fule of Haivei^raw Bay, in
Weft-Chefter co. 35 miles N. of Newr
York city.
Si NIC A, a coniiderable Cherbkcf
town, on the banks of Keojvee river.
The houfes on the eaft iide are on an
elevated fituatloiv, and command a dfe.
lightful and extenfiv^e profped of tbjP
whole fettlement. The inhabitants,
about 500 in number, can mufier 109
warriors.
Sinking Spring Falley. See Bald
Eagle Falley.
SiNo, or Sinut a bay on the N. coaft
of Terra Firma, South- America. Thei-e
is alfo a town of the fame name on tlie
S. fide of the Gulf of Moroiquillo*
about 66 miles N. E. of St. Sebaftiaiii,
and 40. S. W. of Tolu.
Sious, or Sioux, a powerful nation
of Indians, confifting of three diffctenc
tribes, which can furnilh 9,500 war*
riors ; the S^ous, who inhabit the bead
waters of the MifTifippi and MiiTouriy
3,000 warriors \ the Sious of the Mea-
dows, 2,500, and the Sious of the.
Woods, 4,000. The two laft inhabit on
the head and Weftern waters of the Mif-
nilppi,and the iflands of Lake Superior^
SipsEY'8, a branch of Tombeckbee
river, in Georgia, which runs a fcuth«
weft by fouth courfe. Its mouth is in
about lat. 31. 5.5. N. and 40 miles N. by
W.of the upper mouth of Alabama river.
Sir Charles Hardy s IJland, in the S.
Pacific Ocean, was difcovered in 1767,
by Captain Carteret. It is low, level*
and covered with wood. S. lat. 4. 41.
W. long. 154. ao.
Sir Charles SaunJer^s IJland, in the
fame ocean, and difcovered by the fame
navigator, is about two leagues in length
from E. to W. S. lat. 17. a8. W.
long. 151.4.
SiRius, a fmall ifland in the fame
ocean^ difcovered by Lieutenant Ball,
in 179a. It is about 18 miles in cir>
cuit. S.lat. 10.51. W. long. i6i. 30.
Sisal, on the north coalt cf Yuca-
tan, in the Gulf of Mexico, is 4 league*
wefi of Linchanchee, and 8 eaft of Cape
Condccedo. It is the higheft look out
on the whole coaft.
SissiBou, in Nova-Scotia, liea on
the eaft fide of St. Mary's Bay, *i milea
foutU-eaft of Aunapolisi
61 ITER*!
Sq6 six
Srsnii*« Ftr^t a vilUffe In S. Caro>
lin»t ^5 roii«i from Cooinwatchiet and
aea lirovn CKarlefton.
Six Mbhb* f «Xi on the weft fide of
the lAand «f Barbadoei, towardi the N.
fnd. It lice between SunderlambFort to
the fouthi and Six Mena* Fort to the N.
Six Nations, a eonfcderacv of In*
£ nations lb called by the BHtlfh and
ericans. The French call them
uoia. Formerly they were called
the l^ive Nations, five only being joined
ki that alliance} but th«^ nowconfift
of fix nations, and chII themfelvea Ag^-
mfibumt that is, the tJmttJ FeMt,
Some call ihem Ma^e$\ others Ma-
n't. Thefe ffx nations are the Mq-
tht Onrukut Omndagns^ Snecas,
CajMgas, and Tajiaroras, The latter
joined the confederacy 70 years ago. In
the htewar with G. Britain, they were
aUies of that power, and in 1779 they
were entirely defeated by the troops of
Congrefs, and their towns all deftroycd.
They now live on grounds called the
State Refenrattons^ which are interme-
diate fpaces fettled on all fides by white
people. In their prefent cramped fit na-
tion, theycannot keep together n great
while. They will probably quit the
United States and nitre over the lakes
Ontario and Erie. All the Mohawks
smd the greater part of the Caytigas,
Irave already removed into Canada.
The mnnber of Ibuls io all the fix na-
tions was, in 1796,4,058. The Stock-
bridge and Brotherton Indians, who
sow life among them, added, make the
whole number, 4,5^S, of whom 760 live
In Canada, the reft in the United States.
By a treaty made in 1794, between the
T^nited States on the one pait, and the
^' ,x Nations and their Imiian friends i-e-
i iing with tiKm, on the biher pnrr, it
vras ftipulated that « the i'uni of 4,5ro
dollars fhould be expended aunuaily
and forever, in purchafmg clo'athing,
4!omeliic anihnals, implentenl* of huf-
bandry, and other utenlits, and in com-
pcnfating uleful artificers who (hall re-
nde among them, and be employed for
their benefit." This allowance is under
the dirtiVion of a Aiperlntemiant, and is
■ot diftributed for any piivate purpoies.
It is n;ipui'tiont-d among them accord-
ing to their numbers, in order to which,
there is annually taken an exa^cenCus of
all thelic Indians . In 1796, the Frumis,
couimJiily called Quakers, in their be
SK E
nerdknce and seal to promote the weU
fare of thefe Indians, raifed a fund to
Aipport a number of their foelcty, whcr
offered to go and vefide among them,
with a view to promote their civilisa*
tion, moral improvement, and rfeill wel>
fiirek A coninrittee of their fociety was
apoolnted to accdmpany thei'e friends
to Humanity, and they were aAually on
the fbot, and comm'enced their work of
charity in July of this year. The State
of New-York have taken thefe Indians
under their proteAion, and appointed
commiflioners to take care thr.t tnry re<
ctive no wrong fiom interefted indivi-
duals.
Skaniatetes, a lake in Onondaga
county, New- York, 14 miles long from
fouth-eaft to north-weft, and little more
than one mile wide where broadeft. It
waters the military townftiips of Mar-
cellus and Sempronius, and fends its
waters northerly to Seneca river.
Skenectady, an ancient and ref-
pe£iabletown in Albany co. New. York,
16 miles north-weft of Albany ei^y,
pleafantly fituated in a vale bordered
with hills to the fouthward and eaft-
wai-d, on the margin of Mohawk river.
Thehoufes, about 130 or »oo in num-
ber, are compaiSlly built, chiefly of brick,
on regular ftreets, in the old Dutch
ftile, on the fouth fide of the river: few
of them are elegant. Tlie public build-
ings are a Dutch and a Prefl)yteriaa
church. The windings of the river,
through the town and fie'ds which are
often overflowed in the fpring, aflfb>"d a
rich aiKl charming profpc^l about har-
vcft time. This town, being at the foot
of tiavigation, on a long river which pal-
ies through a vciy fine cotintiy rapid-
ly iettling, it would be natural to con-
clwle, woiiW embrace much of its com-
merce} but originally knowing no other
than the fur tiade, which, fince the re-
volution, has almoft ceaiisd, and hav-
ing taken no advantage of its huppy fi-
tjiation for other commerce, the pince
has confiderably decayed! The chief
bufinelK of this town now is to receivt;
the merchandize from Albany and dm
it into batteaux to go up tiic river, and
forward to Albany the iVtnrns troui the
back country. See Mohaijck River,
UnioH College vfM cfiablifiied and incor-
porated here in 1794, and is under the
dire£lton of 14 truliees. It took its
name ironi the union of various dcno-
minationa
(tt.
II
j30i
4.9?3
10
S K E
mtnattoni of Chnftitms in iti eftat>llih*
mi^iu. 1 he Dutch were, however^ by
far tl'« moft 'tbcral benefaflors to this
indittitioh. It it well filiated foe the
cohvenieiiiy of tlje nof'thern and wcrtem
S3it» of the Sutc." Ii) June, 1796,
lerc were 40 (liudcnt^, <^ividt:d intp 4
cladws, yiz;-^l languages, ^ l}i(lory and
heiltt leitres, '3 niuthemlktics, 4 ))hilo-
fophVf The annual cxpenf'e qf cducn-
t'ionnere,'ihcluditig bohio, tuitlun, ^c.
u lefs than joo do.lais. The pf. Jj^i ty
of the f olk-ge confift;* in ynijousi ailiples,
i;o the iollosving ambuut) vi?-
Bond^ and mortgages, 1 t^o///.
priiducinK an anpual S-
intercft ot 7 per cei't. j
^ubfcriptioni, md otnerl
debts due on the books >■
of the trcaliu'er 3
Cafli appropriated for the 7
purchafc pf book- i
Hoqie and lot for the?
prtfidjint J
I,ot for the fcltc of the ?
college 1
Houi'e and lot heretofore
' occupied tor the aca-
demy, adonation iVom
the confiftory of the
Dutch church
Books, &c. in tiie pof- 1
' fefliun of the truitecs, (
and on the way froii i
Europe J
Cafti 'Appropriated by the
' rt^cftta for the p»ir-
chale'idf books in the
liands of the cbnimit-
te--
I^cffacy by Abraham "^
Yates, jun. Ef(j. of 5-
>'•■■• , ' 3
Albany
i>35<' 45
3.500
3,»S0
5,000
a,38i 99
40a
a SO.
■4.7,4.23 60
And 1,604 acres of lan.^.. ' The facul-
ty of the college cotiliJcd, in 1797,
bf the prefident and one tytor ; and
the I'alary of the formfer with an hoiiic
for his family is iioo dollars, and of
the latter 665 dollais per annum, with
dn additional ailowaVice at piffent 'of
aso dollars, on account of the cxtranr-
dirtiry price of the nocefl'.u'ies of life.
There were, in 1797, 37 ftudehts, eight
in the clafs of languages, twenty in the
clafs of hi Itorv and belles lettrc^. fix in
the cl.'tis of mithemitics, and three in
the clalj of plujfopliy. * The covirfe of
SKt joy
fti^dicf is, thefirft year Virgil, Ciccvo**
orations, Greek Teftamcntt tyxmt^
Romap antiquities, arithmetic and Eng.
Ii(h gramntar-— ihe fccond year, «o-'
griiphv and the u(e of the gtobci, Jlo*
man hiftory, liiftoiy of America^ «n(l
the Atnerii;an revolution, Xcnophoa,
Horace, critipilin and ^oquence-'-^faa
third year, the various branches of nut-
thematics, and vulgar aivi decimal fra««
tions, and the c^ftraflion of the rootif
geometry, algebra, trigonometry, nwvU
gation, nienluratiun, Xenophon conti>
nued. and Homcr—rand the fourth aadt
laft year, natural philofophjr, the confti-
tution of the United States and of the
diifcrcnt States, metaphyfics, or at leaft
that part wiiich treats or the philofoplnr
of the humaii mind, Horace coDtinuMl*
and Longinus : and during the cour&
of thefe (Indies, the attention of the claf-
ies is particularly rt:quired to elocution
and cothpontion in the Englilh language*
A provjUon is alfo made, for fubftitutmg
the knowledge of the French language
inllead of theGreek,'in certain cafes, if
the fimds Hiould hereafter admit of in-
(tituting a French profcfforfliip. The
library Vonlilis of about icoo volumes,
and ,(Jsoo is appropriated to the pur-
chai'e of a plillolbphical apparatus. The
townfliip of Skene£lady contains 3,47*
inhabitants ; of whom 683 ai'e eleltors*
and 3S( ilavcs. It is hounded eaiterlf
by Half Nf oon and Water- Vliet, and
fouthdly by the north bounds of the
manor of Reiiflelaerwick.
SKENtsBOROuisH, now called ^/>//*-
hall, is a growing townfliip in the north-
eait Cyiner of the Sate of New-York,
(Ituated on Wood Cretk, on the fouth
fuic of South Bay. This is a piHce
through whic'.i moft of the communica*
tion and trade between the counties on
Lake C'hamplain and Hudfon's river
;afll'S. It has, however, very bad wa^f
ter, and is unhealthy in fummer. It is
about 8 miks caft by north of Fort
George, arid 6 north by eaft of Fort
Ann. Thi fortifications here were de-
llioyal l)y Gs-n, Burgoyne, in July, 1777,
JJKiVPAtK, a rownrtiip in Montgo-
mery counf'y, Pcnnfylvania.
Ski^ton, a village on theliorth fide
of Patowmat river, u'pout 1 1 miles fouth-
eaft of Fort Cumberland, and a8 fouth«
erly of Bedford in Pennlylyania.
Skitikiss, a bay of about 8 ieagu<;*
cKtcnt' on llui caft iide of Wafinngtcn's
laes.
lait, an the K. W. co*ft of N. Amori.
^ aortkward of Cumberland Harbour.
T^opening k'mht. about 53. 15.
SkuppknOKQ. a I'mall river of N.
CarolitHU Acanalwatfiniihcdin 1790,
which connefts the water* of thU ttream
'With the lake in Difmal Swamp, on the
ibuth fide of Albemarle Sound.
Skutock Hills, in Hancocic co. Dif-
tri£k of Maine, lie north -north -eaft ot
4hc harbour «fGouidiboroi)gh. In fail-
ing from Mount Defi»-t to Gouidibo-
TOugh» you muft fteer north- noith-eaft
ibr thefe hille, which are more lemark-
4ble than any in the eaftem country.
Thti'eare &w of them» and at a diftauce
they appear round.
Slabtown, a village in Bxirlington
«o. New-Jcrfey, about halfway between
Burlington and Mount Holly, 4 or 5
miles from each.
Slaughter Cre^k, a Ihort ftream on
the eaft fide ol Chelapeak Bay, Dor-
ikheftcr county, Maryland.
Slave Lakt and Hiwer, in the north-
weft part of N. America. The lake is
♦xtenlive and gives rile to M'Ktnzie's
river, which empties into the Frozen
Ocean, and receives the river oJ^ its name
from the weft tndof Athapefcow Lakej
befides many other rivers from various
direAions. Slave river runs a north-
weft by north courfe, and is a mile wide
at it» mourh. The latitude of Slave
Lake is 61 . x6. M. and the centre of the
lake is in about long. 115. weft. The
northern bay is 40 leagues deep, and 6
fathom* water. The Dog-ribbed In-
dians inliabit the north ihore of tins
lake.
Slearing Jjkfd, on the «oaft of
{Newfoundland.
Slokum's Jjland is the third of the
Eliaabeth Tftancis in magnitude, being
about 5 miUs in circuit. It lies off
Bunard't fiay, in Barnftable co. Maf-
iachufetts, and weft of Tinker's Ifland.
Slusher, Fort. See ScbMer.
SxiALl. P^intt on the coaft of Lin-
coln CO. Diftri£l of Maine, forms the
eaft limit of Cafco Bay, and Jies N. E.
of Cape Elizabah, the weftem limit.
Smith, a townfliip in Wafhtngton
bounty, Pennfylvania.
Smithfield, a fmall peft-tnwn of
Virginia, on Pagan Creek, which emp-
ties into Jameses river, hi Ifle of Wight
«o. It is S5 miles fouth-eaft of Rich-
■wad, and 364ibutb-fettth-wcft of Phi-
5MI
lalelpbia. The uedi is navigable tb^
veffels of ao tons.
Sjmithfield, « poft-town, mkI the
capiital of Johnfiu) co. N. Carolina, ob
the eaft fide of Neus river, on a^beauti-
ful plain, about lop miles not^.weft
of Ncwbern, %$ from Raleigh, and 471
from Philadelphia.
Smithfied, a townfliip of PenniyU
vania, Philadelphia county.
SMiTHPiEL»,C/i»/rrand4>»iv«r, tws
towAfliips in Nortliampton cu. Pemi>
fyivaiiia.
Smithfifld, a townfliij|> of Rhode-
Ifland, Providence cu. having the State
of Mnfiachulbtts on the north, and Cum-
berland on tlie N. £. Heie are exten-
live orcliards ; and great quantities of
ftone-llme are made, and tranfported to
Providence and ether places. It contains
3x71 inhabitants, including 5 ilaves.
Smith's Cafe, the north point of the
entrance into a fea called the New Oil-
covered Sea, and the S. W; point of this
ifland formed by. that fea or founc^
which communicates with Hudfoi^*s
Straits^ It is on the eaft fide of Hud-
ion s Bay. 1<I. lat. 60. 48. W. long^
80. 55.
Smith's JJIaud, o» the coaft of N.
Carolina. €es Cate Fear, and Bald
Head.
Smith's I/la»dt the foutbemmoft of
the range ot i Hands, in the Atlantic
Ocean, along the coaft of Northampton
and Aaconiack counties, Virginia. It
is near the S. point .of Cape Charles^
Here ihips frequently «ome to anchor
to wait fur pilots to conduA them into
Chefapeak oay.
Smith's Ifles, the range of iflsunds
which line the above coaft. They were
fo named in 1608, in honour of Captain
John Smith, who landed on the penlfu
fttla, and was kindly received by Aec<i-
mack, the priflce of the peninl'ula, pant
of which ftill bears his name.
Smith's Ifland, a fmall iiland at the
eaft end of the ifland of Antigua, ahd io
Exchange Bay. Alio the name of an
ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, di(covere<l
by Lieutenant Ball, in the year 1790.
S. lat. 9. 44. W. long. 161. 54.
Smith's Point is the fouthern limits
of the mouth of Patowmack river, 00
the weft fide of Chefapeak Bay, oppo-
fite to the northern head land, called
Point Lookout^ and in about lat. 37;*
i4. oerth.
Smitb's
8NO
tmriTs, or SiauMtm tSnur*
Ske
37-»
Statmtoti Rhfeft in Vir^'nia.
'Smithes Smidt on th; knit coaftof
Mewtbundland Ifland, it bmnded north
by Cape Bonaventure.
Smithto WN, a planta«)0a in Lincoln
CO. Diftrift of Maine) fituatcd on tlie
weft fide of Kcnnebeck river, and con-
tain* St I inhabitants.
Smithtown, a fmall poft-town of
Suffolk CO. Long-Ifland, New- York,
5» milca S. eafterly of New- York city,
and t47 from Philiftlelphis. The trwn-
ikip is bounded foutherly 1>y Iflip, weft-
erly by Huntiiigton, noitnerly by the
Sound, and eafterly by vhe patent of
Brookhaven, inchiding Witine-com-
inick. It containi loas inhabitants, of
whom 167 areeicAors, and 166 (laves.
SMiTHViLLE, the chief town of
Bninfwick co. N. Carolina* lituated
near the inouth of Cape Fear river,
about 30 miles Ibuth of Wilmington.
Smyrna, New, a thriving town in
E. Florida. It is filiated on a flwlly
bluff on the weft bank of the fouth
branch of Mofquito river; about 10
miks above the Capes of that river,
about )o miles north of Cape Canaver-
al, and in lat. aS. north. It is inha-
bited by a colony of Geeeks and Minor-
fluies, eftabliiheU not k)ng fiiKe, by Dr.
Tumbull.
SnaKB bu&ans, a tribe who inhabit
the fouth-weftern fide of Miflburi river,
in lat. about 47.N.an'l long. 107. W.
The Shevetoon Indians inhabit on the
oppofite fkle of the river.
Snowuill, a port of entry and poll-
town of Marylam, and the capital of
Worctfter co. fltuated on tlw S. £. fide
of Pokciiioke river, wluch empties
through the eaflem (hoi'c of Cheiapcak
Bay, about iz miles to tlie fouth-weft.
Here are about 60 boufes, a court-houfe,
and eaol, and the inhabitants deal prin-
cipally in lumber and corn. The ix-
ports fr one year, ending the 3.0th oi
September, 1 7$4., amounted to the value
of 4,040 dollars. It is 16 miks fron
Horntown, in Virginia, 8x S. of WiU
mington, in Delaware, and 158 S. by
'W. of Philadelphia.
Snowtown, a i'ettlemesit in Lincoln
CO. Diftrifl or Maine ; iituaced between
the Weft Pomls, 7 or 8 miles W. of
Sidney, oppofite to Vafllilborough, and
N. W. of Haliowell.
SOCANDAGA, or SagtttJaga^ the W.
brancb of HudlbnH rUtff nmt a fonth
and fouth eaft conrfe, and about |c
miles from its mouth, tikes a nomh-eatk
dircAioh, and joiasth^t river about taor
t5 miles W. bv North of Fort Edward*
SOCIKTY IjUiHdj, a dofter of iilanda
in the 8. Pacific Ocean. To thefe
ifiands Captr Cook was direAed bjrTu-
pia, in 1769} and he save then thia
name in honour of the Royal Soeidv.
They are fituated between the hitttduea
of it* 10. and 16. 55. S. and between
the bngitades of 1 50. 57. and 1 $%' W».
They are fever in number; HMabekUp
Ulietea, Oimbi^ BoiaMa, MMtrtoa,
Toobau, VRATebeoyaUiVtot or StttmtkrjT
IJUtftd^ which isKb're included, as being^
fubie6^ to Huaheine. The ibtl, tha
prod unions, the people, their language^
religion, cuftoms, and manners are ^
nearly the fame as at Otahcite, that lit-
tle need be added to the account whicti
has already been given. Nature baa
been equally bountiful in uncultivated
plenty, and the inhabitants are as luxu-
rious and as indoleDt. A plMntaiit
branch is the emblem of jpeace, and
changing n^Mncs the greateft token of
friendfhip. Their mora!* are different-
ly conftruAed, though (erving the fiime
purpofes. It w cuftomary to give their
daughters to ftrangcrs who arrive amongfl
them -, but the pairs niuft be five nighta
lying near each 3ther, without prelum-
ing to take any other liberty. On the
fixth eveiimg, the lather ot die young
wMinan treats his gueft with food^ and
informs his daughter, that fhe mtift that
night receive him as her hufband. The
(Granger muft not'exprefs theleaftdifl
like, fhonid the partner allotted to hint
be ever (6 diCigreeable ; for this is con-
fidered as an unpardonable affront, and
ib punifhed with inftant death.
SocoNVSCO, a province of New-
Spain, having Chiapa on the N. Guati-
mala on the E. the N. Pacific Ocean oi>
the S. and Guaxaca on the W. It is
about 90 miles long, and almoft aa
oroad. It does not produce much com,
but great quantities of cocoa and indigo.
SocoNUsco Ptrt, en the W. coaft
of New. Mexico, capital of the province
of Soconufco, in which are the mmm-
tains of this name. N. lat. t5« is.
W. long. 98. 16.
SocoRA, an ifhmd on the coaft of
South-America.
SoDVs, Gr4at, agulf cenne£lfid wilh.
the
5ie 8 O L
tht foutli fide of Lake Ontarloi' by a
ihort and narrow entrance. It U about
^ miiee long, and 4^ broid« and hat an
afland in the eaiUin part» The town
called Sodus, ftanda on the weft dde,
near the S. W. part of the bay, or galf }
about 14. mile* north of Geneva^ 35
l<Hith>weftwaitl of Ofwego f orr» and
xoo caft of Niagara.
Soil Oiv, a fettlement ou Defert
Ifland in the DiftriA of Maine*
SoLANGO. an ifland on the coaft of
Pent) 31 mile* N> by W. from Colan-
che river, and i» fouth of Port Callo.
Sol A K, f^trro or CaptSoloTt on the
<Otfft of Peru, is 6 milca N. by W. of
the rocjca of Pachacama off the port of
Gallao.
Soldier's Gk/, on the N. E. coak
cfthe Ifland of Vt. Chriftopher's, in t!te
IV. IndteSi eaftwai'd of Haif Afocn Bay,
and alfo eaftwaixl of Chriil CIrorch.
SoLBSVUY, a townflitp in Bucli'i
CO. Pennfylvania.
SoLiDAD, lat or the Dtfert, a cloifter
of bare- footed Carmelites ^ fituated on
a hill 3 leagues N. W. of the city of
Mexico, incloied with a high ftone wall
feven leagues in compal's. The hill, on
which Uie monaftery ftands, it iur-
rounded with rocks, m which they have
«lug caves for oratories. Here are gar-
dens and orchards a mi!es in compafs,
filled with the ch^icelt European fruit
trees. The provincial Chapter of the
Order is held here.
SOLODAD Port, on the E. fule of the
caflemmoft of the Falkland Iflands, was
formerly called Port Louis. The inner
part of the harbour lies in the S7th tie
gree of W. long, and in S. lat. 51, 50.
SoLiMOES. Sie Madera hiver.
Soiomon's IJlfSf or Land of the Ar-
facidesy a grou{> of iflands concerning
the exiitcncc of wliich, there has been
much dii{)ute, lie about 1,850 Spanifli
leagues W. of the coail of Peru, in the
vicinity of New-Guinea, between 15+.
and 160, £. long, from Paris, and be-
tween 6. and 12. S. hit. They were
firH (li:coveied by Mcnclina, in his firlt
voyage \\\ 1567. Herrcra, in liis dc
icription of thcie ifluniiii, reckons 18
principal ones belongliig to the giou.),
trom 50 to 300 leagues in circumference,
befides many of a iiriallerfize. The air
of (hefc iflands is nUubrious, the foil fer-
ti!;:, the inhabitants numerous, and 0/
dift'et«nt fliades from white to black.
S O M
< The principal of tbcfe iflands are^ St«
Ifabelia, (which fee) St. George, St.
Mark, St. Nicholas, Fkurtda, tii« ifland
bfPaliiu^&c.
Solon, a military tpwnfliip of New;.
York, Onondago CO. about $5 miles N.
iVi from Suliiiuebann^h ^river, itnd yi
fouthward from. Lake Oneida. It ili un-
der the jtirildiflion of the town of ko-
luer, which waa incorporated in 1794.
SOMBAVERA Ifianitt in tlie Weft.
Indies* Sec Sombrtro*
SoMBBLLO Poini, weftwanl of tlie
Gulf of Oarien, it 5 miles iiorthward of
FrancifcO rivers
SoMBKEftA. Sofkbavir^f or SjttibU'-
rOt i Cinail dclwit ifland in the Wc(^
Indies, about 18 miles N. W. of An-
guilla. It is about a league ^ach way,
and is thus called by the Spa(iiards,
from its refemblance to a hat. N. lat.
iS. 38. W. long< 63.-37. it is de-
pendant on Barbuda.
SOMFLSDVK, ¥ort, a DiUch fort iit
the confluence of the rivers Commewine
:iid Cattica } the lalta^ being an arm ^f
Surrinam river. > i
SoMERs JJks. See Bermuda.
SoMERS, a townfliip of Connt£iicut;
Oil the north line of Tolland co. which
feparates it fi-om the Slate of Klaflaclui'-
felts. It contains about 1200 inhabit-
ants and IS 14 miles N. £. of Hartford.
Somerset, a tovvnfliip in Wafliuig-
ton county, Pennfylvania.
Somerset, a townfltipof Vermont,
Windham coimty, 10 or 12 miles north-
eaft of Bennington.
Somerset, a poft-town of Mafla-
chufetrs, Brifiol cc. and on Taunton
river. It was incorporated in 1790, and
contains 11 51 inhabitants. It is 9
njiles ealterly of Wiiren in Khi.de- Iflapd,
5% foutherly of Bofl»n, and 311 north-
eall of PhilailclpLia.
Somerset, a wcil cultivated cr;inty
oFNew Jcriiyj 01 th-- north fide of thf
great road in in Ne»v-Yoik to Phila-
delphia. The foil, erpt'cially on Rari-
ton river and its branch) s, is good, .inj
produces good crops of ^'hcat, of which
great quantitic are annur'ly exported.
Tt is divided into 6 townfiiips, which
Ji.ive 3 cluiiches foi- ritfl>) t.'iaus, 5 .or
I'le I)i-tch idbrmec', i lor Dutch Ln-
thernns, aiui oiiv; fc» Anabaptids. It
contains 12,196 inhabitants, including
1810 fluvis.
boMl'RsiiT, the i:apltal of the above
tciinry;
of*
so a
county} fauattd on the weft fide
Millitone livcB. It contain! a court
hoiife* gaol, •nd about to jMuret. It ic
•3 niUcf northerly of Tjvntor*.. and 7*
N. E. byN.ofPhilade);^ia.
SoM&RSETy a county of Maryland*
bounded ea(t by the 8ta<e of Debwan
and Worcefter coupty,. and weft by the
watert of Chefapealc Bay. Jt containe
i5»6io inhahitantt, including 7,070
flave*. Waftitnp;ton Academy, in thii
county, wns Inftituted by Jaw in 1779.
It was founded, and is fupported by vo-
luntary lubrcriptions and private dona-
tions ; i» autliorifed to receive gifta and
legacies, and to hold a,ooo acres of land.
Somers<;t, a new county of Penn-
fylvania, bounded north by Jauntiiwdan
and fouth by All.-ghany co. in Mwry-
land, and is divided into 5 townlhips.
SoMKRswoRTH, atown(hipof Straf-
ford CO. New-Hampfliire, 19 miles fi-om
Portfinoiith, cohtaining94.3 inhabitants.
It was taken from Dover, from which
it lies ailjoining to the N. £. and incor-
porated in i754>. A dreadful Itorm of
thunder and lightning happened here in
May, 1779.
Soi^co River, in tlie DiArift of
Maine, is formed by two branches which
unite in Raymondtown, about 3 miles
from Sehago Pond. The loiigeft branch
rifes in Greenland, about 3 miles from
Amai ii'cvigg'iii riv^r, where is a pond
called Sottg» Pond, t miles long. Tliis
ftream, which purities a foutherly courie
for at lead 70 miles, is fo free from ra-
pids, that timber may be brought con-
veniently from within a few miles of its
hesd. The other branch comes from
Wateifoi'd and Suncook, and pafics
through a number of finaU ponds ; then
falling into ^-ong Pond, it proceeds
thi'ough Brandj Pond, and nieets the
other branch. Jt is boatable its whole
u gth, 25 niies. See Otattgstonxm or
Greenland and Sek go Pond.
So NOR. A, a iubdivifion of the South
divificn of New-Mexico, in North-
America. Chief town, Tuape.
SoNsoNATE, a lea-port town and
bay on the coaft of Mexico.
iioRREL River, tlie outlet of Lake
Chamolain, wliich, after a convfe of
about '69 r.iiles ncrth, empties into the
river ^St. Lawrence, in lat. 46. 10. and
long. 7x. 45. W, Snrrel Fort, built
by the French, is at the \ve<Kui point
i'f ttse mouth of this river.
SOU
n»
SotovBHTo, aname applied to the
Leflrr Antiles, in the Weft-Iodie*.
Among thtfe, tM chief may b« tcdMii-
fld Trinidad, Margaretta, Curalou« aoA
Tortugas.
Soto VBNTO Uhott or Ltnuvdl/Umd
ofSsM fTthm «r Seah, on the coatt of
Pfru, is 7 leagues fi-om the Barlcveata
Lobos, or Windward liland of Sea
Wolves. It is about 6 milce in circuit,
and 1 5 miles from Cape Aguja. , /
SouBYAWAMiNBCA,aCanad]anr<t-
tUuneiir, in lat. 47. 17. 30. N.
South, a (hort river of Anne Arun-
del CO. Maryland, which ruua eafterlf
into Che£ipeak Bay. Its mouth is
alwut, 6 miles footh of Annapolis city,
and is navigable in veflcls of burden 10
or la miles.
South Amhoy^ a townlbip of Mew-
Jerley, MIddlel'ex co. and contains
a,6&6 inhabitants, incWding 18^ flavea^
South- America, like Atrica, ie
an extenflve peninfula, conneAed witk
North- America by the Ifthmus of Da.
rien, and divided between Spain, Portu-
gal, France, Holland, and the Abori-
tines, as tcdlows ; Spaim claims Terra
inna, Peru, Chili, and Paraguay i the
Porlt^^ft, Brazil } the French Cayen-
ne { the Dutch, Dutch Guiana j ani
the Aborigines, ot original natives, Ama*
zonia aod Patagonia.
Southampton, Set South Uamftotfy
South Anna, a branch of North Anr
na river, in Virginia, which togetlier
form Pamunky river.
SouTHBOROucu, a fmall townflitp
in the eaftern jiait of Worcefter co.
MaiTachiUVtts, incorporated in 1727,
contains 84oinha'„Itant;>, and is 30 miles
W. by S. of Kotion.
bourn Breach Houfi, aftationof the
Iliidibn's IJay Company, in Noith-
Anjcrica, fitu.ital on the eaftern fide of
Salkalliawru river.
South-Brimfield, a townfliip of
Mi'fti*chvjfetts, H:inip(hire CO. about 35
miles S. F. of Nurtliampton, and 80
wclterly of Bofton. It nas incorporal-
ed in 1762, and contains 606 inhabi-
tnnt.s.
SouriiBURv,atownofConnC(Sllcut,
Litchfield co. 20 miles N. \i. of Dan-
biuy, and 51 N. W. of Hartford.
South EaJ}, a township of New-
York, (itnated in Dutchels co^ bounded
foutherly by Wtft-Chtfler co. and weft-
erly by Fredciicktowij. It contains 921
inhabitants i
\ M^
f«
sou
'i'*
\\
MMbhanti) ct^nhosa %6t are eIe£^ort«
and i« davci*
trmwd dHRM «r AlMHci I bounded K.
by North-C^andina ; E. by the Atlantic
Ocean I 8. ahd 8. W. by Savfomth
ckBceTTri^lo riVer, wKJcR Wvidei thk
Sute fioin Georgia. It lies b^twefp
31 and 35 N. tat. and betwficn 7Sand
li W. hmg, fn«|cJ«ndQn. It-laV *
kneth about soo rtliles, in bre
andcontaiiA 10,000 fqitarem
it divided inti 9 diftriaa. C
BeMfbrt, and GtmrgtHn^ cqi^i
what is ckned the laouyr^iMorfnr, and
contain 19 {tariflvaraalf 18^^94 white in-
halNtanti^i. (cm'to the legl^ature 70 r».-
preientaiiTes, and so fenaton, a^ ply
taxea to'^he amount of ,^sS,oSi t f i 11.
Itmity^Sk^Wti^Sttm, Pimhin, Cam-
den, Oramktrgf and Cbtmw diftrias,
ant compreWnded in the V0*r Countiyft
and cMitain «} countieii and i io,9o»
white inhabifinti} Tend t6 thetegula-
mre 54 reprdentativeii md 17 lena.
tort, and pay taxes to the ambont of
JP8||9o^ 1 1 %', The great inequality
of reoriefentation }t obvious } attemjMs
have been made by tbe.Upper dittriets,
to remedy this eril, butbithertowisliout
cflftft. By a late arrangenfient tht^liianie
of county, is given to the Yubdhrifioh of
thofe diftrifls ot^ly, in which couiity
ceum are eftaUiOied. In the Lower
diftriAs, the Aibdivifions are called pa-
ri Ihes, and made only for thie, pUrp6^
of elefling the members of the State
legijl^ture. The total nu...^r o( fo|.
hat)itants in 1790, a49>073, 6f whom
107,094 were (laves. This State is
watered by many navigable rivers, the
principal of which are Savannah, Edifto,
Santee, Pedee, and their brandies.
The Santee is the Inrgeft river in the
State. Thole of a fecomlary fize, as
you bafs fiiom N, to S. are Waltkamaw,
Black, Cooper, Afliepoo, and Combaliee
rivers. In the third clafs are compre-
hended thofe rivers which extend but
a /hort diftance from the ocean, and
ierve, by branching into numberle^
creeks, as drains to cairy off the rain
water which comes down from the
large inland fwimps, or are merely
arms of the Tea. ^he tjdeig.no.part
of the Stare, ^ows above 15 mlle^ from
•^itie ftaKr Aca»al 6f «i tnllen ift ieflgth,
cpnocAing Cooper and Santee rivers, \s
SOU
nearly completed, which, by cdimationf
^r clnr.^ m|I^^Abiinf ^JMfnd*
ed. AnoilMii'Wat hjdon t(£be b'egiin
i» nn\t$ the iS^o Mpihc Afltl^. It
Is al/^in coptcmp latf o nm iiittke ^mg'
gon road iVom ihafetHemntsJi {(..Ca-
rolina, «ffr ^^(iteiQtains to KiKiHville,
In ;Tntltt0k} ^la'fbm of ttioidry haa
bet# v«Mfer^;it purpofti The only
Harboti^t 61 JMM arc thole of Charl^r-|
tiaif Port-K6^1» ^nd Georgetown . ■
The dimate ^s dtnerent in diflftrent
uarri or the 6tate. Alt>ng the ^ea-coaft*
oinOMt difeiale^ atnd fevers of various
kinditfft prevalent betyfeei) July and
OfUlbt^. The probabUity of dying i»
nn^ll greater between the aoth of June
and the aoth of OAober, than in the
other eight months in the year. One
Caufe of thefe difenfes, is, a low marfhy
country, which is overflowed for the '
fake of cultivating rice. Tlie exhala-
tions from theft Itagnated waters, from
the rivers, and frpm the neighbours
ocean, and the profufe perfpiration oF
vegetables of all kinds, which cover j
the ground, , fill the air with moiftuTe.
Thik moifture falls in frequent rains and
copious dews. From a£VuaI obfervation,
it nas been found that the average an-
nual fall of rain, for ten years, wa^ 4a
inches, without regar^g the i^oiftuic
that fell in fogs and dews. Ttie great
heat of the day relaxes the body, and
the agreeable ^oolnefs of the evening in-
vites to an expofure to thefe heafy
dews. But not only does the water on
tlie low grounds and rice fwamps be-
come in a (degree putrid, and emit an
unwholefome vapour^ but when it is
dried iip or dtiwn off iironathe furface
of the groirnd, a quantity of weeds and
grafs which have bee;t rotted by the
water, and animals and fiih which have
been deftroyed by it* #rc expofcd to tlie
intcuiv heat of the h^tti and help to ^-
fe£t tbeairwitha ((uantity^of poifonoltis
«iHuvia. Within the limits of Charlef-
ton, the cafe is 'very diftVient, and the
danger , of cdntlr^ing difeafes arilfs
from Indolence and excels. Though a
refidencc in Or near the fwamps is veiy
injurious to health, yet it has been fatis-
fa£lorily afcertained, that by removing
three miles f^forn them, Into the piihe
mm #hicii «:aipjaii!isifjsiadW"p>tiiid
between the rivers, an exemption from
autumnal
Atyacent Hboids,
TSSiKi^T^Tfana^.
. II ^i i tj|i p<iii r |MinwiiiM(ilM|^||
)
-MM'
^
i(H'»t\
I
i 4'
n
-•¥1
l/'^'ft^'"''
sou
JtttumtMl f«vtri miy be ohtained. The
iAgreeable cffcftt of thia climate, ex.
|M>r!ence hu proved, might in a great
meaftire be avoided, by thofe inhabi.
tanta whofe cirtumftancea will admit of
their removal from the neighbourhood
of the rice fwamp(,to healthier fituations,
during the nionthi of July, Auguft,
September and OAobcr{ and in the
worft fitu#tioni, by temperance a A
twe. Violent excrcife on horfeback,
chiefly, expoliire to the meridian ray*
of the fun, i'udd^n fliowen of rain, and
the night air, are too frequently the
caufea of fevers and other difordcri.
Would the fportfnien deny themfclvei,
during t))e fall months, their favourite
■inurements of hunting and filhingt or
confine themfelves to a very few hours, I
^ in the morning or evening— would the
induftrious planter viftt his fields only
at the fame hours— ^r would the. poorer
clafs of people pay due attention to their
manner of living, and obferve the pre-
cautions recommended to them by men
of knowledge and experience, much
ficknefs and many diftrefling events
might be prevented. The upper conn-
try, Htuated in the medium between ex-
treme heat and cold, is aa healthful
«s any iiart of the United States. Ex-
cept the high hills of Santee, the
Ridge, and fome few other hills, this
country is like one extcnfive plain, till
you reach the Tryon and Hogback
Mountains, aao miles north -wed of
Charlefton. The elevation of thefe
mountains above their bafe, is 3840 feet,
and above the Tea- coaft, 4640. There
is exhibited from the top of thefe moun-
tains an extenfive view of this State,
North -Carolina, and Georgia. And as
no obje£l intervenes toobftruft the view,
a man with ttlifcopic eyes might difcern
veflels at fea. The nwuntains weft and
north-weft rife much highei* tlian thefe,
and form a ridge, which divides the
waters of Tenneflee and Santee rivers.
The fea-coaft is bordered with a chain
of fine fea iflands, around which the fea
flows, opening an excellent inland navi-
gation, for the conveyance of produce
to market. North of Charlefton har-
bour, lie BulPs, Dewee's and Sullivan's
Ulands, which form the north part of
the harbour. James' ifla: ' e.'' on the
other fide of the harbour, oppofite
Charlefton, containing about 50 families.
Further fouth^weft U J^hn'i iflaad, lar-
SOU %%%
£r than JameiUi 8tono river, 1M1
rms a convenient ind fkfe harbotirt
divides thefe iflands. CoatlgUoui U>
John's iAand, and conncAad withjtbf
a bridge. Is Wadrtielawi taft 9K «(^Ieh
aie the fmall iflea bflCeywaw and Knf>
mon. Between thefe and EdiftolOaikf,
ia.N. £difto Inlet, which alfo aftmia a
good harbour for veflcls of eafy draft
uf water. South of tdifto Ifland ia 8.
Edifto Inlet, through which enter, tnOk
the northward, all the vrfl'ela botiiid to
Beautbrt, Alheepoo, Combahec, and
Coofaw. On the fonth-weft fide of St.
Helena Ifland lica a clufter of iflanda,
one of the laiveft of which is PortKoyal.
Adjacent to Poh Royal lie St. Helena*
Ladies Ifland, Paris Ifland, and the
Hunting Iflands, 5 or 6 in number, bor-
dering on the ocean, fb called from tho
number of deer and other wiljd gam*
found upon them. All thefe *i/land«,
and fome othera of lefs note', belong to
St. Helena parlfh. Crofting Broad river,
you come to Hilton Head, the moft
fouthern fea ifland in Carolina. Wefk
and Ibuth-weftof Hilton Head,liePinck-
ney's, BuU's, Dawfufkies*, and fbme
fmaller iflands, between which and Hil-
ton Head, are Calibogie river and found,
which form the outlet of May and New
rivers. The foil on thefe iflands is ge-
nerally better adapted to the culture of
indigo and cotton than the main, and
lefs i'uited to rice. The natural growth
is the live oak, which is fo excellent foi:
fliip timber j and the palmetto or cabbigc
tree, the utility of which, in theconftniC-
tion'of forts, was experienced during th«
late war. The whole State, to the diftance
of 80 or 100 miles from the fea, generally
fpeaking, is low and level, almoft with-
out a ftone, and abounds more or leA,
efpecially on and near the rivers, with
fwamps or marOies, which, when clear-
ed and cultivated, yield. In favourable
feaibns, on average, an annual income
of from xo to 40 dollars for each acre,
and often much more 1 but this fpecltc
of foil cannot be cultivated by white
men, without endangering both health
and life. Thefe fwamps do not cover
an hundredth part of the State of Caro-
lina. In this diftance, by a gradual
alcent from the fea-coaft, the land rifes
about 190 feet. Here, if you proceed
in a W. N. W. courfe from Charlefton,
commences a curioufly uneven countiy.
The traveller ia cenftaatly afcending
Kk or
i'f SO"
or defcendtng little fand-hillci which
nature feemt to have difnnittd in a
',froUe. If a wtKj high fea were fud-
dcnly arrefted^ and transformed into
'fiuM>hilU: in the very form the waves
ei^bod at the moment of transforma-
tion} it would prefent the eye with juft
fuch J view as is hei'e to be feen. Some
Uttkherbvgey and a few fmall pinesy
grgiw even on this foil. The inhabitants
aie few, and have but a fcanty fubiift-
ence on corn and fweet potatoes, which
grow here tolerably weU . This curious
country continues till you arrive at a I
place called the /{i<^#> 140 miles from
Charlefton. This ridge is a remarkable
tra£l of high ground, as you approach
it from the Tea, but level as you advance
N. W. from its fcmmit. It is a fine
high, healthy belt of laud, well watered,
and of a good foil, and extends from
• the Savannah tt> Broad river, in about
6. 30. W.bng. from Philadelphia. Be-
yond thic ridge, commences a country
exaElly refembling the noithem States,
or like Devonfliire in England, or Lati-
guedoc in Fran <e. Hereliills and dales,
with all their verdure and variegated
beauty, pre(ent themielves to the eye.
Wheat fields, which are rare in the low
cbuntry, begin to grow common. Here
. Heaven has bellowed ha blcfUngs with
a moft bounteous hand , The air is much
more temperate anu healthful than
nearer to the Tea. The hills are co-
Tered with valuable woods, the valiics
watered with beautiful rivers, and the
fertility of the ibii is equal to every
vegetable pr':idu£lion. This by way
^diftin£tiun, is called the Upper Coun-
ty* where are different modes, and
different articles of cultivation; where
the manner*^ of the people, and evek!
their language have a different tone.
The land (till riles hy a gradual afcent ;
each fucceecUng nil! overlooks that
which immediately precedes it, tiP,
havir^ advanced txc miles in a N. VV.
4iie£l^on ficm Charleftun, the eLvHtion
of the land nhove the fea-coaft is found
by menljration to be 800 feet. Here
commenceit a mountain jus cuunriy,
which continues riling to tne weiicrn
tenuinatii:; ; point uf the State. I lu
foil may he divided into iour kin-.Ls }
J!rfl the pine barren, which ts valuable
only tor Its timber . Interlpcrled ninong
SOU
but that of grafs. Thefe traftli vft
called Sawafnuu, conftitutbig zficonj',
kind of foil, good for grazing. The
third kind is that of the fwamps and
low grouf-ds on the rivers, wliich is
a mixtuM of black loam and fat clay,
producing naturally canes in gfeat plen.
ty, cyprefs, bays, loblo)ly pines, &c.
In thefe fwamps rice is cultivated,
which conftitutes the flaple commodity
of the State. The high lands, com-
monly knov' by the name of oak and
hickory lanas, conllitute thv fourtB kind
of foil. The natural growth is oak,
hickory, walnut, pine, and locufl. On
thefe lands, in the low country, are cul-
tivated Indian com principally; and
in the back country, befuies thefe, they
raife tobacco in latge quantities, wheat,,
rye, barley, oats, nemp, flax, and cot^i^^
ton. From experiments wliich hav«
been made, it is well afceitaihed that
olives, filk, and madder may be as
abandantly produced in South-Carolina,
and we may add in Georgia alio, as in
the fouth of France. There is little
fruit in this State, efpecially in the
lower parts of it. They have oranges,
which are chiefly fonr, and figs iri.
plenty, a few limes and lemons, pome-
granates, pears, and peaches ; apples
are f'carce, and are imported from the
northern States. Melons, efpecially
the water-melon, are raifed here in
great peifeflion. The river fwamps,
m which rice can be cultivated with any
tolerable degree of fafety and fuccefs,.
do not extend higher up the rivers,
ihan the head of the tides. ; and in efli-
mating the value of this fpecies of rice
lanJ, the height which the tide rifes
is taken into conftderation, thofe lying
where it rifes to a proper pitch for
overflowing the fwan\ps. being the mofl
valuable. The heft inland fwamps,
which conllitute a t'econd fpecies of rice
land, are fuch as are furnifhed with re-
ferves of water. Thefe reiisrves are
formed by means of large banks thrown
up at the upper parts of the fwamps,
whence ii is conveyed, when needed, to
:lu- fields of rice. At the diflance of
•Ahowt no miles from the liea, the river
fwamps terminate, and the high lands
extend quite to ihe rivers, and form
bilks, 111 fome places, leveral hundred
from the liirfacc of the water.
ii-it
i.i^h
the p'.nc baiT:n, aie tra61s oi laiil free j aiui atiorci many extc-niive and >.!elight-.
•f timber asd eyery kind of growth tui views. Th«l« high baaJuarc inter-
1 . twuveiv
WVTCtt
I
sou
!irov<ti with layers of Ieavei» and difier-
cnt coloured earth, and abound with
quarriea of free-ftonCf pebbles^ flint,
cryftsU, iron ore in abundance^ filver,
lead, fulphur, and coarfe diamonds.
The fwampf ( Rbovo the head of the
tide, are occalionally planted with corn,
cotton, and indigo. The foil is very rich,
yielding from 40 to 50 bulhels of corn an
acre. It is curious to ubferve the gra-
dations from tlie iVa-coaft to the upper
country, with refpefl to the produce, the
mode of cultivation^ and the cultivators.
On the iflands upon the feacoart, and for
40 or 50 miles back, and on the rivers
much f arther,the ailtivators are allflaves.
No white man, to fpeak generally, ever
thinks of fettling a farm, and improving
it for himfeif, without negroes : if he
has no negroes, he hires himfeif as
overfeer to fume rich planter, who has
more than he can or will attend to, till
he can purchafe for himfeif.- The aiti.
.cles cultivated ; re corn, rye, oats, every
fpecies of pulfe, and potatoes, which,
.with the fmall rice, are food for the ne-
groes ; rice, indigo, cotton, and fome
"hemp, for exportation. The culture
of cotton is capabh; of being increafed
equal to almoft any demand. The foil
was cultivated, till liitely, almoft wholly
hy ^manual labour. The plough, till
fince the peace, wr«<> fcarcely ufed.
Now the plough anu .i-ow, and other
improvements are introduced into the
rice fwamps with great fuccefs, and
will no doubt become general. In the
.middle fettlements, negroes are not fo
numerous. The mailer attends per-
fonally to his own bufinefs. The land
is not properly fituated for rice. It
produces tolerable good indigo weed,
and fome tobacco is railed tor exporta-
tion. The farmer is contented to raifc
corn, potatoes, oats, rye, poultiy, and
a little wheat. In the upper country,
there are but few negroes ; generally
fpeaking, the farmers have none, ami
depend, like the inhabitants of the
,'iorthem States, . upon the labour of
thetulelves and families for fubfiftence ;
the plough is lifed almoft wholly. In-
dian com in great quantities, wheat,
rye, barley, oats, potatoes, &c. are railed
for food i and tobacco, wheat, cotton,
hemp, flax and indigo, for exportation.
From late experim'n^s it has been
found that vines may be cultivated, and
wine loads to great advantage t fnake
SOU ^i
root, phk root, and a variety bf me-
dicinal hei js grow fpontaneouny ; alfo,
ginfeng on and near the mountains.
This country abounds with preciout
oit:s, fuch as gold, filver, lead, black
lead, copper and iron ; but it is the mif-
fortune of thole who dire£l their purfuitt
in fearch of them, that they are deficient
in the knowledge of chyraiftry, and too
i\ equentlymake ufe of improper menftni-
urns in extra6ling the refpe^Ive metali.>
There are likewife to be found pellucid
ftones of different hues, rock cryf-
tal, pyrites, petrified fubftanccs, coarfe
cornelian, marble beautifully variegated,
vitreous (lone and vitreous fand j red
and yellow ochres, which, when roafted
and ground down with linfeed oil, make
a very excellent paint j alfo, potter's
clay of a moll delicate texture, fuUef •
earth, and a number of dye-ftufFs, among
which is a fmgular weed which yields
four different colours, its leaves are fur-
piifingly ftyptic, ftrongly refembling
the taite of alum } likewiie, an abun-
dance of chalk, crude alum, fulphur,
njtre, vitriol, and along the banks of
rivers large quantities of marie may be
coUeAed. There are alfo a variety of
roots, the medicinal effefts of which it
is th** Hsirbarous policy of thofe who are
in the fecret to keep a profound myf-
tery. The rattle fnake root, fo famous
amongft the Indians for the cure of poi>
Ion, ii of the number. The next is the
venerial root, which, under a vegetable
regimen, will cure a confirmed lues.
Another root, when reduced to an im-
palpaijle powde.', is lingularly effica-
cious in deftroyihg worms in children.
There is likewife td root, anointment of
which, with a poultice of the fame, will
in a fhort fpace of time difcufs the
moft extraordinary tumours, paiticularty
what is termeil the white fweiling ; this
ioot is very fcarce. There is another
root, adeco^lionof which, in new milk,
will cure, the hloody dyfentery { the pa-
tient muft avoid cold, and much judg-
ment is requifite in the portion to be ad-
miniftered. There is alfo a plant, the
leaves cf which, being bruifed, and ap •.
plied to the part affecled, relieves rheu-
matic pains i it pccafions a >-,oniiderable
agitation of the parts, attended with
moft violent and acute pains, but never
fails to procure immediate eafe. There
is alio a plant, the leaves of which have
a moft foetid ^ell { tbefe leaves being
K k a l»oilea
9t^ S 6 U
boiledy and any perfon afflicted with
tataneous complaints, once bathing
therein, will be radically cured. There
it a root, which a6ls as an excellent
purge, and is well calculated for the la-
bouring part of n.ankind, as it is only
necelTary to chtw it in its crude (late,
and it requires no manner of aid to fa-
cilitate its operation. An equally effi-
cacious and liir.ple pur^e is ohrained*
Itxtm a weed, the Ualkof which is red,
is about 3 feet high, and the flower
white ( the leaves rim fron* the bottom
of the ftalk in oppofiteand correl'pond-
Jng lines } the feed is about the fize of
a wheat grain, globu4ar in the centre,
and oblate at both ends^ it i» full of oil,
and taftes like a walnut kernel : zo grains
of this, chewed and fwal lowed, is, in
poinr of miidnefs' and efficacy, equal to
any rhubari:^ ; and thepleaiantnels of its
talie, as a deception to weak Ifomachs,
appears to have been a defign of Provi-
dence : in its o^ration it rsfemblcs cai-
kor oiU A very fovcreign remedy is ex-
traAed firom the bark of r\ tree, which
may be ufed to great adv.intage in the
difeales incident to this climate. Every
climate, fome believe, has its peculiar
(difeafe, and eveiy difeaie its peculiar
antidote tind r the fame climate. In
addition to the above is another fpecies
of bark, of a fweet and naufeous talle ;
the tree grows contiguous to a very
powerful chalybeate ipring ; the bark,
when fufficiently raafticated, operates as
a very potential pur^^ and emetic, and
in the hands of a fkilful chemift may be
readered very ferviceable. In this coun-
try is a tree which bears a large pod, in-
dufing a kind of mucvbge, the juice of
which is very (harp } the bark fmells
like tanned leather, and when prepared
like hemp, makes the Vfi7 bed of cord-
age. Aifo another tree, which bears an
car like a corn-cob, covereu with berries,
containing a large proportion of oil.
There is likewiie a very lingular tree,
which afFotds a moll fuperb fliade; it
Aroduces a round hall, which, in the
Jteat of iummer, opens and enlarges a
number of male infe£ls, which Ixiconic
Very troublefome wherever they lodge :
this happens generally fome diilance
from their parent tree. The hand of na-
ture never formed a country with more
natural advantages, or blefled it with a
more ferene or healthful climate. It
abounds with game vt all ktnds; is a very
SOU
fine fruit countrv,and is peeuliarlyadapf.
ed to the growth of vines, the olive, ftlk',
and coffee trees, and the produ£lion of
cotton. It is a perfect garden of medical
herbs, and its medicinal fprinjn are not
infbior to any in Europe. The iron-
works, known by the name of the y!?ra
Etna imt-iwrk, aie^ fituated in York
county, within . "o miles of the Cataw-
ba river. Wifliin the compafs of two
miles from the furnace, there is' an in-
exhauftible quantity of ore, which works
eafy and well in the furnace." The
metal is good for hammers, gudgeons,
or any kind of machinery and hollow
ware, and will make good bar-iron.
Son^? trial has been made of it in fteel,
ami it pt-omiles well. Kothing is ne-
ceflhry for preparing the ore for u(b,
but burning. The ore confifts of large
rocks above the i'urface ; the depth not
yet known. In the cavities between,
lie an ochre and feed ore. It is faid
there will be no occafion to fmk fhafts
or drive levels for 50 years to come.
The ^ra furnace was built in 17B7— >
the ^tna in ry^S. The neareft tend-
ing at prefent f 1795) is Camden, 70
miles from the furnace. The proprie-
tors of th« works, and feven others,
have obtained a charter to open the
Catawba to the N. Carolina line, and a
charter from "H* Ciirolina to open the
river 80 miles higher in. that State, and
it isexpe£led that boats will come with-
in 40 miles of the works this fummer,
(179;) as there are boat» aliready built
(or the purpofe which are to carry 30
tois, and in the courfe of another fum-
mer will be brought within two miles
of tlK works. The works are within
two nriles of the river, and the creek
can be made navigable to the works.
Mr. William Hill, one of the principal
proprietors of thel'e works, has contriv-
ed a method, by mean^ of a fall of water,
of blowing all the fires hoth of the forges
and furnaces, fo as to render unnecef-
fary the nfe of wheels, cylinders, or any
other kind of bellows. The machinery
is fimple ar... cheap, and not liable to
the accident of freeiing. In the middle,
and eipecially in the upper country, the
people are obliged to manufa£lure their
own cotton and woollen cloths, and
molt of their hufbandiy tools ; but in
the lower countrj', the inhabitants, for
thefe articles, depend almolt entirely on
theii' intMrchaots. La accQuots from
the-
sou
the interior parts of this State inform}
that cotton, hemp and flax are plenty {
that they have a confidcrable nock of
good fliec|>; that great exertions are
made,>and much done in the houfehold
way.) that they have long been in the
habit of doing fomething in family ma-
mifa6lures, but within a few years paft
great improvements have been made.
The women do the weavine, and leave
the men to attend to agriculture. This
State furniflies all the materials, anJ of
the bed kind, for fliip building. The
live oak, and the pitch and yellow pines,
are of a fupei'ior auality. Ships might
be built here with more eafe, and to
much greater advantage, than in the
middle and eaftem States. A want of
icamen, is one reafon why this buiinel's
is not more generally attended to. So
much attention is now paid to the ma-
i)ufa£lure of indigo, in this (late, that it
bids fair to rival that of the French. It
is CO be regretted, that it is ftill the prac-
tice of the merchants concerned in the
Carolina trade, to fell at foreign.markcts
the Carolina indigo of the -firft quality,
as French. The ibciety for the infor-
mation and afllftance of perfons emi-;
grating from other countries, in a print-
ed paper, which bears their fignature,
fay, that " A monied capital may be
profitably employed, i. In erecting
mills, for making paper, for fawing
lumber, and efpecialfy for manufadtur-
ing wheat flour. There are hundreds
of valuable mill feats unimproved, and
the woods abound with pine trees. A
hufhel of wheat may be purchafed in
South Carolina for half a dollar, which
will make as good floiu' as that which
in the vicinity of proper mills fells for
double that price. Such is the cheap-
nefs and fertility of the foil, that halt a
dollar a bufhcl for wheat would atford
a great profit to the cultivators thereof.
£. In tanning and manufafluring lea-
ther-^Cattleare raifed with fo much eafc^
in a country where the winters are both
mild and mort, that hides are remark-
ably cheap. The profits of tanners
and flioe-makers niuft be con(iderablt',
when it is a well known fa£l, that the
hides of full grown cattle, and a (ingU
pair of flioes fell for nearly t^e fame
price. 3. In making bricks— Tbcie
Uow fell for 9 dollars a thouianci,
and the call for them is fo great, that
the bricklayers arc not /ully fupjpU<id>
SOU jtr
4. I: making pot-aOi— The «flMa that
might be coUeAed in Charleflon, and
from the woods burnt in clearing new
lands in the country, would nimifli
the means of carrying on the manu«
facture of pot-afli to great advantage.**
Gentlemen of fortune, before the late
war, fent their fons to Europe for edu'
cation. During the war and fince, tlK.y
have generally fent them to the mif!d)e
and northern States. Thofe' who have
been at this "expenfe in educating their
fons, have been but comparatively few
in number, (bthat the literature of the
State is at a low ebb. Since the peacC)
however, it has begun to flourifh. fliere
arc I'everal j'efpeAable academies in
Charlefton, one at Beaufort, on Port
Royal Ifland, and feverai others in dif-
ferent part« of the State, Three col-
leges have lately been incorporated by
law, one at Charlefton, one at Winnl«
borough, in the diftrift of Camden, the
other at Cambridge, in the diftrift of
Ninety- Six. The public and private
donations for the fupport of thelie three
colleges, were originally intended to
have been appropriated jointly, for the
erecting and l'u|)porting of one refpeft-
able college. The divifion of theie do-
nations has fruftrated this defign. Part
of the old barracks in Charlefton has
been handlbmely fitted up, and convert-
ed into a colU-ge, and there are a num-
ber of fcudents } but it does not yet me-
rit a more dignified name than that of a
refpe^lable academy. The Mount Sion
college, at Winnfborough, is fupported
by a refpeftable focicty of gentlemen*
who have long been incorporated . Thit
inflitution flourlfhcs and bids lair for
ufef'ulnel's. The college atCambridge ip
no more than a grammar fcitool. That
the literatui e ot this State might be put
upon a relpe61;ible footing, nothing is
wanting but a I'piritof enterpriice among
its wealthy inhabitants, The legiflature*
in their ieflioii in January, 1795, ap-
pointed a committee, to enquire into
the pra£licability of, and to report a
plan tor, the elbhii/lmieait of fchools in
the different parts of the State. Since
tilt' revolution, by which all denomina-
tions were put on an equal footing* there
have been no disputes between diffier-
ent religious ic&s: They all agree to
differ. The upper parts of this State
are fettled chiefly by Preft>yterians, Bap-
tilts and McthodifljB. From the moft
K k 3 probable
Jit
s
o u
probabk calculations, it U foppofed that
the religious denominations ot this Statct
as to numberst may be ranked as fol-
lows! Prcfbyterians, including the Con.
gregational and Independent churches,
EpilieopaUans, Baptifts, Methodifts> iec.
Tne little attention that has been paid
to manufaftures, occafions a vaft con>
fumption of foreign imported articles {
but the quality and va>-ie of their ex
ports generally leave a balance in favour
of the State, except wheu there have
been large importations of negroes . The
amount of exports from the port of
Cbarlefton, in the year ending Nov.
1787, was then eftimated, from authen-
tic documents, at 505,279!. 19s. 5().
fterling money. The number of veifels
cleared from the cuftom-houfe the iame
year* was 947, meafuring 4s,i 18 tens ;
735 of thefe, meafuring 41,531 tons,
were Americans } the others belonged to
Gt eat Britain, Spain, France, the United
Netherlands, and Ireland. The princi-
pal articles exported from this State,
are rice, indigo, lobacco, flcius of various
kinds, beef, pork, cotton, pitch, tar, ro-
fm, turpentine, myrtle wax, lumber, na-
val ftores, cork, leather, plntc root, fnake
root, ginfcng, &c. In the moft fucceif-
ful f^alons, there have been as many as
140,000 barrels of rice, and 1,300,000
pounds of indigo exported in a year.
From the 1 5th £^. 1 79 1 , to Sept. 1 79a,
308,567 tierces of rice, averaging 5 5olb.
nett weight each, wrere exported from
Chariefton. In the year ending Sept.
30, 1 791, the amount* of exports from
this State was 2,693,267 dolls. 97 cents,
and the year ending September, 1795, to
5,998,492 dollars 49 cents. Charlefton
is by tar the moft confiderable city on
the fea-coaft, for an extent of 600 miles.
From it are annually exported about the
value of two millions and a half of dol.
lacs, in native commodities } and it fup-
plies, with imported goods, a great part
of the Inhabitants of North-Carolina and
Georgia, as well as thofeof S. Carolina.
The harbour thereof is open all the
winter, and its contiguity to the Weft-
India i(1 nds gives the merchants fupe-
rior advantages tor carrying on a pecu-
liarly lucrative commerce. A w.iggon
road of rtrtt,::n miles only is all that is
wanted, to o^ku a communication with
the inhabitants of TennciTee. Knox-
vilie, the capital of that State, is 100
miiea nearer to Charlefton than to any
SOU
other eohfiderable fea-port tovm on t De
Atlantic Ocean. The refcMination in
France occasioned a civil war between'
the Proteftant and Catholic parties in '
that kingdom. During thefe domcftic
troubles, Jafper de Colieni, a principal
commander of the protenaut army, fit-
ted out 2 ihips, and fcnt them with a
colony to America, under the "ommand
of Jean Ribaud, for the purp; .('e of fe-
cin-tng a retreat from prc.ecution. Ri.
baud landed at what is now called Al*'
bemarle river, in North- Carolina. Thir
colony, aftc>r enduring' incredible hard-
(hips, were extirpated by the Spa-
niards. No further attempts were made
to plant a colony in Ihis quarter, till
the reign of Charles II. of England.
Southern States j the States cf
Maryland, f^irginia, Kmtucfy, Nertb-
Carotina, fenneffttt Soutb-Carolitta, and
Georgia^ bounded N. by Pennfylvania,
are thus denominated. This diftri£l of
theUnionrontainsupwardsofs, 900,000
inhabitants, of whom 648,439 are flayes,
which is thirteen fourteenths of \the
whole number of Haves in the United
States. The influence of flavery has
produced a very diftinguifliing feature
in the general chantAer of the inhabi-
tants, which, though now difcemible to
their difadvantage, has been foftened
and meliorated by the benign cfFe£ls of
the revolution, and the progrefs of li-
berty and humanity. The following maj
be confidered as the principal produc-
tions of this diviAon-o tobacco, rice, in-
digo, wheat, com, cotton, tar, pitch,
turpentine and lumber. In this diftriSk
is hxed the permanent Teat of the gene-
ral government, viz. t!ie city of Wafli-
ington.
SouTHFiELD, a tO\vnfliip of New-
York, Richmond co. bounded northerly
by the north tide of the road leading
from Van-Duerfon's FerrV to Richmond
Town and the Fifti-Killi eafterly hy
Hudlbn's river. It contains 855 inha-
bitants.
South Georgia, a eluded of barren
iflands in the S. Atlantic Ocean to the
E. of Cape Horn, the fouthern point of
S. A.nerica; in lut. about 54. 30. Ibuth,
and long. 36. 30. W. One of tliele is
faid to be between 50 and 60 leagues in
length.
South Had/ey, a townthip of Mafla-
chufetts, Hampthire co. on the E. bank
of Conne^cut riveri ncoiles northerly
SOL'
of Springfield, 6 feuth-eaft of North-
«mpt(vi» and '90 weft of Bufton. It was
incor^rated id 1753, and contains 759
inhabitants. The locks and canals in
South Hadtey, on the eaft fide of Con-,
iieAiicut river, made for the purpofe of
navigating round the falls in the liver,
wei-e besunin 1793, and completed in
f 795* ^he falls are about three miles
in length { and fince the completion of
thefe losks and canals, there has been
a confidenble increafe of tranfportation
up and down the river. Some mills are
already trt&ed on thefe canals, and a
great variety of water works may, and
doabtlers.will, foon be ere£led here, as
nature and art have made it one of the
naoft advantageous places for tliefe pur-
pofes, in the United States. Canals are
alfo opening by the fame Company, at
Miller's Falls, in Montgomery, about
915 miles above thefe, and on the fame
fide of the river.
South Hampton, a co. of Virginia,
between Jameses river and the State of
N. Carolina. It contains 12,864 in-
habitants, including 5993 flaves. The
.court-houfe is 36 miles from Norfolk,
*S from Greenville, and 399 from IPhi-
ladelphia.
South Hampton, a town/hip of New-
Uampfliire, Rockingham county, on the
fouthem line of the State, which fepa-
rates it from MalTachufetts ; 15 miles
fouth-weft of Portfmouth, and fix N.
•W. of Newbury Port. It was taken
from Hampton, and incorporated in
174.1; and contains 448 inhabitants.
South Hampton, atownlhip of Maf-
fachufetts, Hampfliirexo. and feparated
from Eaft Hampton by JPawtucket river.
It was incorporated in 1753, and con-
tains 819 inhabitants, about 9 miles S.
W. of Northampton, and 109 fouth-
^eft by weft of Bofton.
South /7aM;^/o»,a townihipof Mew -
York, Suffolk co. Long Ifland. It in-
'cludes Bridgehampton, formerly called
Saggaboneck, and Mecoxej and, by
means of Sagg Harbour, carries on a
fmall trade. It contains 3408 inhabi-
tants, of whom 431 are eIe6tor$, and 146
ilaves. It is la miles from Sagg Har-
bour, 18 from Suffolk court houf:, and
. i95 E. of New- York.
South Hampton, two townships of
Pennfylvania, the one in Buck's co. the
«ther in that of Franklin.
SovTii Hampton, a towaflup In the
SOU J19
Mftem part of Nova-Scotla, and in Ha-
lifax CO. It was formerly called yzt-
magouche, and it $5 miles from On-
flow.
SovTH _ Hempftiodt a townlhip of
New-York, Queen's co. Long Ifland»
had its name altered in 3796 by the
legiflature into Hcmpftead. The inha-
bitants, 38*6 in number, have the pri-
vilege of oyftehng, fifliing, and clam-
ming, in the creeks, bays, and harbours
of North Hempftead, and they in return
have the fame right in S. Hempftead. -
Of the inhabitants 57 5 are eleAors, and
316 flaves.
South Hen, or GranJ JJland, in
Lake Champlain. See Hero.
Southhold, or Soutbold, a townfliip
of New- York, Suffolk c , Long-Ifland.
It includes Fiiher's Ifland,Pluinb Ifland,
Robin's Ifland, Gull Iflands, and all
that part of the manor of St. George on
the north fide of Peaconock, extending
weftward to the eaft line of Brook Ha-
ven. It contains a numbsr of parifliesy
and houfes for public worfliip,and 3x19
inhabitants; or whom 339 are ele6lors,
and 1 8% flaves. It was fettled in 1640,
by the Rev. John Young and his adhe-
rents, originally from England, but laft
from Salem in Maflachufetts.
South Huntington, a townfliip in
Weftmoreland co. Fennfylvania.
Southington, the fouth-weftem-
nioft townfliip of Hartford co. Connec-
ticut, zo miles fouth-weft of Hartford,
and a« north of New-Haven.
South Ki»gJ!on, a townfliip of
Rhode-Ifland, Wafliington co. on the
weflern fide of Narraganfet Bay. It
contains 4,131 inhabitiuits, including
135 flaves.
South Mountain, in New-Jerfey.
See New-Jerfey.
SovTH Mountain, a part of the Al-
leghany Mountains, in Pennfylvania.
Near this mountain, about 14 miles
from the town of Carlifle, a valuable
copper mine was difcovered in Sept*
179s.
South Key, a fmall ifland, one of
the Bahamas, in the Weft-Indies. N»
lat. az. 11. W. long. 74. 6.
South Sea, now more uiually di£>
tinguiflied by the name of Pacijie Oeeava
was fo named by the Spaniards, after
they had pafled over the mountains of
the Ifthmus of Darien or Panama, from
north to fouth* It might properly hie
5««
SPA
named the Weftern Ocean, with Kgard
to America in genei-aJ} but frpm the
Ifthmus it appenred t6 them in a fouth-
971 dirc'ilion. In the beautiful iHands
in this ocean, the cold of winter is never
known { the tixes hardly ever lol'e their
feaves through the conltant fucccflion of
vegetation, and the trees bear fniit
through the greateft part of the year.
The heat is always alleviated by alter*
liattf breezes, whilft the inhabitants fit
under the fliadow of groves, odoriferous,
ind loaded with abundance. The flcy
is ferene, the nights beautiful, and the
fea, ever offering its inexhauftible ftores
6f food, and an eaTy .and pleafrng con-
ve^nce.
South Thulb, or Soutteru Tbuk,
in the S. Atiantic Ocean, is the molt
fouthern land which has at any time
been difcovered by navigators. S. latr
59. 3/}.. W. long. 47. 45.
SovTHWiCK, a townfhip of MalTk-
chufetts, in the S. W. part of Hamp.
ihireco. liomilesS.W. byW.of3or-
ton, and ii S. W. of Sprmn;field. It
tvas incorj^rated in 17 70, a .d contains
S^T inhabitants.
South West Point, in Tenneflee,
is formed by the confhience of Clinch
with Tennefli^e river, where a block-
liouie is ereiied.
South Washington, atown of N.
Carolina, on the N. E. branch of Cape
Fear river, which is navigable thus far
for boats. It is xj miles from Crofs
JRoads near Duplin court-houfe, and 36
from Wilmington.
Soutoux, an Indian village in Lou-
ifiana, on the W. fide of Mimfippi riv-
er, cppofite to the Nine Mile Rapids,
'St» miles below Wiefpincan river, and
^8 above Riviere a k Roche. N. lat.
41. 50.
Sow and Pigs, a number of large
rocks lying oft* the fouth-weft end of
Catalumk Ifland, one of the Elizabeth
Iflands, on the coaft of Maflachufetts.
'Spain, Ne-w. See Mexico.
Spaniards' S^t)*, on the eaft coaft of
Cape Breton IHand, is round the point
of the fouth entrance into Port Dauphin,
to the fouthward of which is Cape Char-
bon. Its mouth is narrow, but it is
wider within till it branches into two
arms, both of which are navigdbie 3
leagues, and aftbrd fecure harbouring.
N* lat. 46. so. W. long. 58. 29.
Spanish America contains im-
t
SPA
menfe province!, moft of which ari
very fertile, i. In North' Amtrica,Lm»
ifiana, Callfoi-nia, Old Mexico or New
Spain, New Mexico, both the Floridas.
a. In the tTefl-Indiet, the iflaAd of Cu.
ba, Porto Rico, Trinidad, Mamrctta,
Tortuga, &c. 3. Jn South-Amtritat
Terra Firma, Peru, Chili, Tucuman,
Paraguay, and Patagonia. Thefe ex-
tenfive countries are defcribed under
their proper heads. All the exports' of
Spain, moft articles of which no other
European counN y can fupply, are efti.<
mated at only 80,000,000 livres, or
3>333>333l* '^^I'l* The moft important
trade of Spain is that which it carries
on with its American provinces. The
chief imports from theic extenlive coun.
tries confift of gold, filver, jA-ecious
ftones, pearls, cotton, cocoa, cochineal,
red-wood, (kins, rice, medicinal herbs
and barks, as fafTafras, Peruvian bark,
&c. Vanilla, Vicunna wool, fugar, and
tobacco. In 1784, the total amount of
the value of Spanifh goods exporte(^ to
America, was 1 9 5,000,000 reaiesdevel-
lon; foreign commodities, a'}8,ooo,ooo
r. d, V. The im|)orts from America
were vailued at 900,000,000 r.d.v. in
gold, filver, and precious ftones; and
Upward^ o^ 300,000,000 in goods. In
the Gaieta de Madrid, 1787, (Feb. *o)
it was ftated, that the' exports to Ame-
rica (the Indies) from the following \%
Karliburs, Cadiz, Corunna, Malaga', Se«
ville, St. Lucar, Santknder, Canaries,
Alicante, Barcelona, Tortofa, Gipon,
St. Sebaftian, amcunted, in 1785, to
767,349,787 r. d. V. the duties paid on
thefe exports amounted to 18,543,701
r. d. V. The imports, both in goods
and money, from America and the W, .
India iflands, amounted in the fame
year to 1,166,071,067 r. d. V. and the
duties to 65,471,195 r. d. v. The pro-^
fits of the merchants from the whole
American trade was valued at 5,000,000
dollars.
Spanish Creek, is at the head of St.
Mary's river in' Florida.
Spanish Main, that part of the coaft
of Amerira, which extends from the
Mofquito fhore, along the northern
coaft of DaricYi, Carthageoa, and Ve-
nezucl^, to the Leeward Ifles.
Spanish' '/{/'V^r, a river and fettlc-
meiit in Cape Breton Ifland,'and the
prefent feat of government.
Spanishto WN, or St. Jetgo de la f>-
g«i
S PI
^«y in the eofmty of Middlefexi Is the
capital of the ifland of Jamaica. It ii
^tuated on thebanktof the river Cobrei
about 6 miles from the fea, and con-
tains about 5 or 600 houfes, and about
5000 inhubitantSi including free people
of colour. It is the refidence of the
governor or commander in chief, who
IS accommodated ^ith a magnificent
pa!ace. Here the legiflature ftts, znd
the eourt of chnncery and the Aipreme
judicial courts are held. See Jago de
ia Vtga.
8parhawk*s Fmti on the northern
fliore of Pifcataqua river, abreaft of
which fliips can anchor in y fathoms.
Sparta, a poll- town of New-Jerfey,
Suflexco. 117 miles from Philadelphia.
6pARTANBVRGH,acountyofPinck-
ney di(lri£l, formerly in that of Ninety-
Six, S. Carolina, containing 8800 in-
habitants, of whom 7907 are whites,
and 866 flaves. It lends two reprefcn-
tattves, ami one fenator, to the State
legiflature. The court-houfe is 30
miles from Pinckney, 35 from Green-
ville, and 746 from Philadelphia.
Spear Cattf on the eaft coaft oF
Newfoundland Ifland, and the fouth-eafl
limit of St. John's Bay.
Speicht^s Town, on the W. fliore
of the ifland of Barbadoes, towards the
N. part J formerly much reforted to by
iQiips from Brittol, and from thence
called Little Briftol ; but moft of the
trade is now removed to Bridgetown.
It is in St. PeterVparifhi having Sandy
Fort and Margaret's Fort about a mile
S. and Haywood's Foil oil the N. at
half the diftance. N. lat. 10. 9, W.
^^^Z' 57- *»•
Spencer, a flourifhing townfhip in
Worcefter county, Maflachufetts, taken
from Leicefter, and incorporated in
1753* 3»d coritatns 1312 inhabitants,
and lies 11 miles fouth-wedward of
Worcefter^ on the poft-road to Spring-
field, and 58 S. W. of Bolton.
S.-'EsurlE, a mall ifland at the head
of Chefapeat*. Bay.
SPiRtTV Santo, a town on the 8.
fide of the ifland of Cuba, oppofite to
the N. W. part of the clufter of ifles
and rocks called Jardin de la Reyiia,
and about 45 miles noith-wefterly of
La Trinidad.
• SpiRiTU Santo, or Tampay Bay,
called alio Hillfl>orough Bay, lies on
the W. coaft of the peninfula of Eaft-
j Florida | has a number of ibeiU and
( keys at its mouth, and is 9 leagaM N.
N. W. I W. of Charlotte Harbour, and
(b ^. E.by S.^E. ofthebayof Apa-
lache. N. la%, ^7. 36. W. tonr. Ss. 54.
Spiritv Sar ^o, a townoT Braiil, in
S. America. It ^^ fi uated mi the fea-
coaft in a very feitiu country, and hat
a fmall caftle and harbcur. 8> lat. ao.
10. W. long. 41.
Spiritu Santo, a la<(e towards the
extremity of the pcninfiila of E. Flori-
da) fonthward from the chain of lakes
which communicate with 8t» John's
river.
Split Rock, a rocky point which
nrojefts into Lake Champlain, on the
W. fide, about 56 miles N. of Skeenfbo-
rough, bears this name. The lake it
narrow, and no where exceeding two
miles from Skeenfborougb to this rock*
but here it fudcienly widens to 5 tn: 6
miles, and the waters become pure and
clears
Sput&wooi), a fmall town of New-
Jerfcy, Middlelex co. near the W. fide
of South river, which empties into the
Rariton in a S. E. dire£iion. The fitu-
ation is good for extendve manufaAo<
ries, and there is already a paper-mill
here. It is on the Amboy ftage-road, 9
miles Ibutli-eaft of Bninfwick, and im
weft by (buth of Middleton Point.
Spotsylvania, a county of Virei-
nia, hounded N. by Stafford, and E. ojr
Caroline county. It contains ir,«5»
inhabitants, of whom 5933 are flaves.
Springfield, a townfliip of Ver-
mont, Windfor co. on the W.' fide of
Connc6licut river, oppofite to Chai-lef-
ton, in New-Han^fliire. It has Wea>
theisfield If. and Rockingham on the S.
and con:ains 1097 inhabitants.
Springfibld, a poit-town of Maf-
fachufetts, Hampfliire co. on the eaft
fide of Conne6licut river ; twenty miles
fouth by eaft of Northampton, 97 weft-
fouth-weft of Bofton, 28 north.uf Hart-
ford, and 250 north-eaft of Philadel-
phia. The townfl>!p of Springfield was
incorporat.ca in 1635 or 1645. It con*
tain? 1 574 inhabitants, a Congregation-
al church, a court-houfe, and a number
of dwelling-houfes, tn.'<ny of which are
both commodious and i^legant. The
town lies chiefly on on», long fpacioua
ftreet, which runs parallel with the
river. A ftream frcm the hills at the
eaftward of the tovHy fiiUs into this
ftreet
4f«ati aitd fbrmt two brancltet, which
Cidle their courfc in qppofite direflions,
Me of them running nci-tlicrly and the
■otiMr fouthirly along the eaftem fide
«t'theftrcet» and afibrd the inhabitants,
from one end to the other, an eafy I'up-
ply of water for domeftic ufei. Here
a confidcrsble inland trade is carried on j
and there is ai to a paper-ntili. The fu •
|>erintendant and I'ome of the principal
-workmen now in the armoury here, were
originally rp^nufajlurers in widgk*' iter,
whi '. is famous tor its iron- work
Si»r.i.NOi-iBi<D, ato; (Uifiot :,;
"York, Otfego CO. is miles N. ofOx ',.
go, Mkl between it and the lake . tb
name. It is 6i miles W. of Albany^
]ia» a good foil, and increafes in popu-
lation.
Spkinofield, a townfliip of New-
Jerfey, Burlington co. of a good foil
and famed for excellent cheeie, fbme
ftrmers make io,ooolb8. in n feafon.
The inhabitants are principally Quakers,
who have 3 meeting-houies. The chief
place of the townfhip, where bufinefs is
tnmfafled, Is a village cal!ed Job's>town,
so miles from Burlington, and i3 from
Trvnton. In this towiifhip is a hill j.
ttiiles in length, called Mount Pifeah,
which furniflics ftone for buildmg*
Here is alfo a grammar fchool.
SPRiNGFlBtD, a townlliip in Eflex
€0\mty, N«w-|eriey, on Rahway river,
whi<h fumilhes fine milUfeats } 8 or 10
miles N. W. of Elizabeth Town. Turf
for firing is found here.
Sprinofibld, the name of 4. town-
Aips of Penafyl >nia, vis. in Buck's,
F^ette, Delaware, and Montgomery
counties.
Spruce Creeif urges its winding
<ourfe through the marlhes, from the
moutli of Pifcataqua river, 5 or 6 miles
itp into Kittery, in York co. Dillrifl of
Maine.
Spur WING, a river of the DlftriA of
Maine, which nms through Scarbo-
rough, to the wtftward of Cape Eliza-
beth, and is navigable a few miles for
Tffiisls of 100 tons.
Squam, a lake, part of which is in
the townfhip of Holdemefs, in Grafton
CO. New-Hampfliire ; but the one half
•f it is in Stranord co. It is about 5
miles long, and 4 broad.
S<^AM, a (hoit river of New-Hamp-
fliire, the outlet of the above lake,
whichmnftaAuth-wefterncourfe, and
S T A
j«!n8 the Pemigewaflet at the town of
Mew-Chelter, and 10 miles above the
mouth of the Winnipifeogee branch.
SqVAM Beach, on the fea-coaft of
New^jcrfey, between Bamegat Inlet
and Cranbury New Inlett^
Sc^AM Harbour, on the N. E. fide
of Ope Ann, Maffachuietts. When a
veti'ei at anchor off Newbury- Port Bar,
p-.rts a cable and lofes an .anchor with
the w'nvl ai N. E. or E. N. E. if (he
cai ca> y double-reefed fails, Oie m?*/
I *!. 6. E. 5 leagv<cs, whici courfe, if
i-'iiic g'o<(d, will carry aer a little to
t' - ■ aliw.ml of Squam Bay. Squam
, : i .^ i:<o» Hiil) lies inlat. 41. 4.0. N. and
long. ■ ,. -6.
S<{j;Ai(,r Handkerchief, (Mou.
choir Quarrc) an iflaml of fome extent
in the Weli-Indies, which lies between
lat. 21. 5. andai. 24. N. and between
long. 70. 19. and 70, 49. W.
SquEAUCHETA Creek, In N. York,
a N. head water of Alleghany river.
Its mouth is 19 miles N. W, of the
J<bua Totun.
Staatesduroh, in N, York State,
lies on the eaft fule of Hudfon's river,
between Rhynbeck and Poughkeepiie {
about 31 miles fouth of Hudfon, and
80 northward of New- York city.
SiAEBROECK, a town of Dutch Gui.
ana, in South- Amcricai on the eaft fide
of Demarara i:lver, a mile and a half
above the poft wKch commaads its en-
trance. It is the feat of government
and the depofitoiy of the records. The
ftation for the (hipping extends front
the fort to about two miles above the
town. They anchor in a line from two
to four abreaft.
Stafford,- a county of Virginia,
bounded north by Prince William co.
rincl call by the Patowmac. It contains
9,588 inhabitants, including 4,036
(laves.
Stafford, a townfliip of Connec-
ticut, in Tolland co. on the fouth line of
MaiTachufetts, xzor 1 5 miles north-eaft
of Tolland. In this town is a furnace
for cafting hoUow ware, and a medicinal
. fpring, which is the refort of valetudU
narians.
Stafford, New, a townfliip of New-
Jerfey, in Monmouth co. and adjoining
Dover on the fouth-weft. It confiftt
chiefly of pine barren land, and contains
883 inhabitants. ,
, Stage ^»</,inthePiftriaofMj(tnej
' liM
feT A
I'kI lonth of Parker's and Arrowfike
iflandt, on the N. fide of Small Point,
confiiting of 8 roes not capable of much
improvement; 'nd i» onlv remarkable
for being the land inhabit'fl in New
England, by jivirc'.-d people. It is
not now !phal>iCfd.
STAMFCRr a townfhlp of Vermont,
in Bennington co. it -lomers on Ben-
nington to I'v ,b\Uh-eaIl, and cont.^ins
971 inhabits. :ts, and has good intervale
l;.nJ.
Stamford, a poft-town of Connec-
ticut, Fairfield county, on a fmall ftream
called Mill river, which empties into
Long-Idand Sound. It contains a
Congregational and Epifcopal church,
and about 45 corapaA dwelling- houfes.
It is 10 miles fouth-welt of Norwalk ;
44 fouth-weft of New -Haven; 44 N.
E. of New- Yorl{ ; and 1 39 N. £. of
Philadelphia. The townfhip was for-
merly called Rippawams, and was fet-
tled in I 641.
Stamford, a townlhip of ^. York,
in Ulfter co. taken from Woodftock,
and incoi j^orated in 1792. Of its in-
habitants, 1Z7 are ele£\ors.
Standish, a townlhipof the Diftrl£l
of Maine, on the weft line of Cumber-
land CO. between PreAimfcut and Saco
rivers. It was incorporated in 1785,
and contains JtS inhabitants; 18 miles
N. W. of Portland, and i63N.of Bof-
ton. **
Stanford, a townfliip of N. York,
Dutchefs CO. taken from Wafhington,
and incorporated in 1793.
Stanford, the capitalof Lincoln co.
Kentucky ; fituated on a iertile plain,
about 10 miles fouth-fotith-eaftof Dan-
ville, 40 louth by weft of Lexington,
and $% fouth-fouth-eaft of Frankfort.
It contains a ftone court-houfe, a gaol,
and about 40 honfts.
Stanwix, Old Fort, in the State of
New- York, is fituated in the townihip
of Rome, at the head of ths navigable
waters of Mohawk river. Its founda-
tion was laid in 1759, ^X Gen. Broad-
fireet, and built upon by the troops of
the United States, during the late war.
The Britifh made an unfuccefsful at-
tempt to take it in 1777.
Starks, a plantation in Lincoln co.
Maine, fituated on the W. fide of Ken-
iiebeck river, near Norridgewalk.
Starksbo ROUGH, a townfliip in
Its s<)
FerrHburj.
It containi 40 inhtbiw
tants.
■ Statew JlloHd, lies 9 miles 8. W. of
the city of New York, and conftitvtea
Ric. ^lomi wounty The ifland is about
it miles in length, -\nd at a mediMi tf
or 7 in bi-eadth, p-y<\ contains 3835 in-
habitants. On t J louth fide is a ton«
fiderahle traft of level good laitd ; but
the ifland i.i general is rough, and the
hills high. Richmond is the only tovirit
of any note» and that is an inconfidera-
ble place. The inhabitants are chiefljf
defcendants of the Dutch and French {
and are noted for their bofpitality ta
ftrangers, and love of their native
i'pot.
Staten Land, an ifland at the ex-
tremity of S. America, about 30 milev
in length and la in breadth. It lies to
the eaftward of the E. point of Terra
del Fuego, and from which it is fepa-
rated by Strait le Maire. The centre of
the iiland is in lat. about 54. 30. S. and
long. 64. 30. W.
Statesburo, a poft-town of S. Ca-
rolina, and the capital of Clermont co.
fituated on the E. fide of Beech Creek»
which unites with Shanks Creek, and
empties into the Watetee, a few miles
below the town. It contains 10 or i%
houfes, a court-houfe and gaol. It if
10 miles S. byE. of Camden, 100 N.
by W. of Charferton, and 663 S.W. of
Philadelphia.
Staunton, a poft-town ol' Virginia^
and the capital of Augufta co. It is'
fituated on the S. E. fide of Mkldle
river, a water of Patowmack, a little to'
the N. of Maddifon's Cave. It containi
about 160 houfes, moftly built of ftoney
a couit-houfe and gaol. It is 93 miles
from the Sweet Springs, 100 miles S.
W.byS.ofWinchefter, 116 W.N.W.
of Richmond, and 287 from Philadel<<
phia.
Staunton, afmall river of Virginia,
which riles on the W. fide of the Blue
Ridge, and breaks through that moun-
tain in lat. about 37. 8. N. and uniting
with Dan river forms the Roanoke,
above the Occoneachy Ifiands, about
100 miles from its fource. It is alio
called Smithes river.
Stausee, Fort, juft above the Falls
of Niagara, and 8 miles above Queen's
Town.
I Steadman's Creel:, in the State of
Addifon cov Vermgnt, }t naiUti $,, pf JS^W'Yprk^ Th^ TSAdxa fork pf this
' creek
^
STB
cnek cmptSci into Niagara riveri above
Fort Schlofler.
STBir Rocks, a curious ledge of
fcrpendicular Oielly rocks, which form
the W. bank of Hudfou'i river, with
.fpme interruptions, for 1 1 or 1 3 miks
from the Tappan Sea, to within 11
milev of New- York city. Some of thefe
itJges are from 150 to »oo feet high.
At you jpafs down the river from the
Tappan Sea, by thefe rocks, the prof-
ited on every fide is enchanting. On
the N. of the Tappan Sea, a fine broad
bay opens to view, ikirted with higli
biUs} on the S. the river lies under the
tfC at far as it diftinguUhes ohje6ls ;
on the W. are the Steep Rocks, before
4cfcribcd i and on the E. a fine culti-
vated country.
Stephens, a cape, S. W. of Cape
I>enbigh, on the N. W. coaft of Noith-
America, and is at the S. E. part of
Norton Sound. Stuart's Ifland is oppo-
Ktetoit. N. lat. 63. 33.W. long. 161.
19. Between this and Shoal Nefs is
ihoal water.
Stephens, a fliort river of Vermont,
which empties into ConneAicut river,
fix)m the N. W. in the town of Bar-
net.
Stephens, St.z parlfli of Charleflon
diftriA, S. Carolina} containing 2733
inhabitants, of whom >z6 are whites.
Sterling, a plantation in Lincoln
«o. Diftria of Maine i N. W. of Hal-
kwell, aid at no great didance. It
contains 166 inhabitants.
Sterling, in Woiceller co. Mafla-
chufetts, was formely a paridi of Lan-
cafter, called Cbock/et, incorporated in
X781 } fituated IS miles N. £. of Wor-
cefter, and 46 W. of Botton, and con-
tains 1418 inhabitants. Near the neck
«f land which divides Wauihacum
Ponds, on the S. iide, was formerly an ,
Indian Torc, .if which the'veiiiges are
nearly difappeared. On this fpot was
the palace and royal feat of Sholan, fa-
chem of the Nalhaways, proprietor of
Nafhawogg.
Steuben, a fmall fort in the N. W.
Territory, fituated at the Rapids of the
Ohio, a ihort diftance above Clarkf-
ville.
Steuben, a new county of New-
York, taken from that of Ontario 5 be-
ing that part of Ontario county, bound-
ed by the Pennfylvania line on the S..
by the N^ bounds of the fix range of
«T I
townfliipt on the N. by the pre-emption
line on the E. and by the Indian line
on the W.
Steuben, a townftiip of N. York,
in Herkemer county ) taken from
Whireftown, and incorporoted in 179a.
In 1796 the towns of Floyd aiui Rome
were taken off of this townfliip. Of its
inhabitants 417 an eleflors. The N.
weitern branch of Mohawk river rifes
here; and the centre of the town is
about 1 % miles N. E. of Fort Scluiyler,
and 32 N. W. of the mouth of Canada
Creek.
Stevens, a (hort navigable river of
the Dilln£l of Maine. It rifes within a
mile of Meny Meeting Bay, with which
it is connefled by a canal lately opened.
See Getrgetuiun.
Stevensburg, a poft-town of Vir-
ginia, fitunted on the road from Phila-
delphia to Staunton^ It contains about
6ohouresi the inhabitants are moftly
of Dutch extra£lion. It is 10 miles N.
by E. of Stialburg, 87 N. E. by N. of
Staunton, 45 S. W. by S. of Wilirumf-
port, and soo S. W. of PhiladelphLi.
Steventown, W. Chefter county.
New York is bounded wefterly by
York Town, and northerly by Diitciieis
CO. It contains 1x97 inhabitants, of
whom 17S are eleAors.
Stephentown, a townlhip of good
land in New York, in Renffelaer co.
between Lebanon and Scoodack. It it
about 14 miles I'quare, ami lies 10 miles
E. of Albany. Of its inhabitants 624
are ekdors. The timber on the low
land is pine, hemlock, beech, birch, afli,
maple. On the hills, pine, hemlock,
black and white oak, walnut and pop-
lar.
Stewart's IJIandst in the South
Pacific Ocean, a clufter of five ifland s
difcovered by Capt. Hunter, in 1791 ;
and fo named in honour of Admiral
Keith Stewart. S. lat. 8. 36. W. long.
163. i8.
Stey Poifit, on the Labrador coaft,
and N. Atlantic Ocean. N. lat. 58.
W. long. 61. 40.
Stjll Water, a townfliip of New
York, Albany co. bounded eafterly by
Cambridge, and foutherly by Schachte-
koke and Anthony's Kill. It contains
3071 inhabitants; of whom 459 are
electors, and 61 flaves. The village o^
Stillivafer, in this townfliip, is fituated
on the W. bank of Hudfon't river ; i %
jnilei
!5 T O
milet from Cohoex Bridgei ii from
Saratoga, 15 N. of Albany, and is
from Ballftown Sprinet. A canal i»
begun at tbU place to lead the water of
the Hudfon to the mouth of the Mo-
hawk> 14 miles below.
Stinking IJlands, on the eaft coaft of
Newfoundland IHand. N. lat. 49. 18.
weft long. 5». 50.
Stissik MouHtMHt \\t% between the
State of Connecticut and Hudfon's riv-
er, and near it the Mahikander Indians
formerly reftded.
Stockbridoe, atownfltip in Wind-
for CO. Vermont, on White river, and
contains 100 inhabitants.
Stockbridoe, a poft-town of Maf-
fachufetts, Berkfhire co. 44 miles W.
by N. of Springfield, 141 weft of Bof-
ton, 249 north-eaft of Philadelphia, and
%$ miles ealt-by-lbuth of Kinderhook,
ia New- York. The townfhip is the
chief of the county } vi-as incorporated
in 17391 ^d contains x,33<j inhabit-
ants.
Stockbridoe, AT/^u;, a tra£t of land
6 miles fquare, lying in the Ibuth-eaft
part of the Oneida Refervation, in the
State of New- York, inhabited by the
Indians, 300 in number, who, fome years
fince, removed firom.Stockbridgc, Maffa-
chufetts, and from this circumftance are
called the Stockbridge ladtaus. This
traft was given to tnefe Indians by the
Oneidas, as an inducement to them to
fettle in their neighbourhood j and is 7
miles fouth-eaft orKahnonwolohale, the
principal village of the Oneidas. Theie
Indians are finder the paftoral care of
a miflionary, the Rev. Mr. Sarjeant,
whofe pious labours have been attended
with confiderable fuccefs. They are
generally induftrious, .efpecially the wo-
men, and emplov themfelves in agri-
culture, and breeding of cattle and fwine.
Their farms are generally inclofed with
]>retty good fences, and under tolerable
cultivation. In the fall of 1796^ almoft
•every family fowed wheat; and there
' . was a fiRgle inftance this year, of one
of the Indian women, named EJiber,
who wove 16 yards of woollen cloth;
who is here mentioned as an example
of induftry, and as having led the way
to improvements of this kind. There
is little doubt but her example will be
followed by others. Their dividsnd of
monies from the United States, emount-
ing to about 300 dollars, has hitherto
S T O |fj
f>''efi expended !n erefting a faw-niHy
and fupporting an Engliflt fchool.
Stock Creek, a branch of Pelclbn
river. See ITaJbiHgtOH County, Virginia.
Stockport, avilUge in Northamp-
ton CO. Pennfytvania, en the weft fide
of the Popaxtunk branch of Delaware
river. From this place it a portage tf
about iX miles to Harmony, on the cait
branch of the river Sufquehannah.
Stoddard, a townftiip of N«w>
Hampfhirr, Chefhire co. diftant from
Portlmotith 99 miles, and about 1 5 or
1 8 miles eaft of Walpole on ConnecH-
cut river. It was incorporated in tjf^^
and contains 701 inhabitants.
Stodhart Bav, neilr the north-weft
point of the ifland of Jamaica, is to the
eaft of Sandy Bay, and between it aijd
Lucca harbour.
Stokes, a county of Saliflnny dif-
trlSt, North-Carolina ; bounded eaft bjr
Rockingham, and weft by Surry, aod
contains 8,518 inhabitants, including
787 flaves. Ironoic is found here in
confiderable quantities, and works have
been erefted on Iron Creek, which ma-
nufacture confiderable quantities. Chief
town, Germantown.
Stokes, the chief town of Montgo-
mery CO. N. Carolina, near Yadkin
river. It contains a court liGufe, gaol>
and about to houfes.
Stone Arabia, a village and fine
traCt of country fo called, in Montgo-
mery CO. New- York, on the north fide
of Mohawk river, between 50 and 60
miles weftward of Albany. This fet-
tlement was begun by the Germans in
1709. The land from the river rifes on
a beautiful and gradual aicent for four
miles, anu the principal fettlement is on
a wide fpreading hiil, at that diftance
from the river. The foil is excellent,
and the people induftrious and thriving.
It rufl:ered much from the Indians m
the late war, particularly in 1780.
Ston e Ha m, a township of Maflachu-
fetta, in Middlefex co. which was in-
corporated in 1725, and contains 381
inhabitants. It is about 10 uilles north
of Bolion.
Stone Indians, inhabit fouth of
Fire Fort, on Aflenebayne river, Noitli
America.
Stone Mountain, between the States
of Tenneffee and Virginia. The Vir-
ginia line interfeCts it in lat. 36. 30. N.
fcom thence to the place where Watauga^
rive^
$9$ 8T0
rlt«r bretk* thiwigh it. 8m 7V«.
Stonb ^kWy on the caft coift of
NcwfoundUndi U near Cape Broyle,
and ia one of the three iAandt which lie
offCaplinBay.
Stones, is ikboatable water of Ten-
Mflie» which nins north>wefterly into
Cumberland river, fix miles north*eaft
of Nafliville.
Stones Ftrt Gut, on the fouth>wefl
fide of the ifland of St. Chriftopher*s {
caftward of Old Road Bay« and between
that and 9loody Point. There is a fort
on a point of land, on the weft fide.
SroHiY Hiii, in Baltimore co. Main-
land,* is 5 or 6 mile% north.wefterly of
Wbetftone Fort, at the mouth of Balti>
more harbour, and s miles fouth-eaft of
Uooks.Town.
Stonby Point, in Orange co. New-
York, a Anall peninlula, projc£^ing in a
confiderable blutf from the welt bank of
Hudibn's river into Haveiftraw bay }
about 40 miles north of New.York city,
1'uft at the fouthern entrance of the high
ands. In the capture of this fortrels,
the brave Gen. Wayne diftinguilhed
himfelf.
Stoinby MQuatMis, in the north-
weft part of N. America, extend from
the ioutnward to the northward, and
in a north-weftem direction, from lat.
48. to 68. north. The northern part
pf this range is called the Mountains of
Bright Stones. %
Stone Y Rher, called by the French
Bayquk Pierre, empties into the Mifli-
fippi 4 miles from Petit Goufre, and 10
from Louifa Chitto. From the mouth
of what is called the fork of this river,
is computed to be a i miles. In this
diftance there are feveral quarries of
ftoite, and the land has a clayey foil,
with gravel on the furface of the ground.
On the north fide of this river the land
in gefieral, is low and rich ; that on the
foutk fide is much hieher, but broken
it'to hills and vales } but here the low
lands are not often overflowed: both
fides are fliaded with a variety of ufieful
timber.
Stonington, ^ poft-town and port
\n New-London co. Conneflicut} 14
miles eaft by fouthof New>London city,
ajid xji N. B. of Philadelphia. The
haibour fets up from the Sound, oppo-
fyt to Fiflier*s Ifland. The town is
fepuHcd ft Qm IUu)de.Jiliq(i \fj ti^ ^«
8T!t
line of tht State i and wac fettled ii|
165I. Here are 6 places of public
worfltipi and the number of inhabitants,
in 1790, was 5,64!.
Stono Inlet, on the coaft of South-
Carolina, is to the fouthward of the
channel of Charlefton, at the N. E. cor-
ner of John's Ifland, which is bounded
by Stono river on the wllwaivl. It is
6 miles from the S. channel of Charlcf-
tm, and from this inlet to that of North
Edifto, the courfe is fouth-weft by weft
i weft, diftant ti miles.
Storm Cape, in the ftraits of North-
umbcrland, is the northern limit of the
mouth of Bay Verte, and forms the
fouth-eaft curner of the province of
New-Bninrwick.
Stoubnuck, a townOtip in Cum-
berland CO. New-Jerfey.
Stouchton, called by the IndUnt,
Pakemitt, or Pontipog, or Punkapaog,
(that is taken from a Jprin^ that ariftth
but of red earth) a townftnp in Norfolk
CO. Maflachufetts, incorporated in 17x6.
It is bounded £. by Braintree, W. by
Sharon, and is 15 miles fouthward ly of
Bofton. It contains i6|Ooo acres of
land, and 1,994 inhabitants. Iron ore
is found here of an excellent quaiitv,
and there is a rolling and flitting mill,
which manufaAure confiderable quan-
tities of fteel and iron. Great quanti-
ties of charcoal, baflcets and brooms, are
fent from thence to Bofton. Eaily in
the war a large quantity of gun-powder,
of an excelknt quality, was made in
this town, for the American armyi from
falt'petre, the produce of the towns in
its vicinity.
Stow, a townfliip o\ T/cflachufetts,
Middlelex co. incorporated , in i68j,
and contains 801 inhabitants, and is 15
miles N.W. of Bofton.
Stow, a townfliip of Vermont, Chit-
tenden CO. about 15 or |o miles eaft of
Burlington.
Stowe Creek,oxLt of thefeven town-
fltips into which Cumberland co. in
New- Jerfey, is divided.
Strabane, two lownfliips of Penn-
fylvania { the oi}e in York co. the other
in that of Waftiington.
Strafford, a townfliip in Orange
CO. Vermont, weft of Thetford, adjoin-
ing, having 845 inhabitants.
Strafford, a county pf New-Hamp-
(hire, bounded N. and Nt W. bv Graf-
MW i U 1S» by i^kipghamt and'eaft by
BTR
tfw XMftrift of Mune. It flonCKim 9$
townfliipti almoft wholly •griciihural,
and ha« ito fca port. 1m brinchci of
the Pifcataqua and Mcrrinuckt and
other ftreams water this county ) be-
fidet the lakes Winniplfeogee and Offi-
pee. It contaiiw 23,601 inhabitanti»
of whom at an flavet. Chief townii
Dover and Durham.
STRAiTt t/Biirmg or Bberitt^, fepa-
rate theN. W.pnrt of N. America from
the N. £. coall of Afia. BccringH Ifl.
and lies in lat. 55. N. and long. 164.
35. E.
STRASBURo/cpoft townofVirginia»
Shenandoah co. onthenortii-weft branch
of the north fbi'k of Shenandoah river,
and contains a handfome German Lu-
theran church, and about 60 or 70
houfes. It is 77 miles N. E. by N. of
Staunton, lit fouth-fouth weft of Win-
chefter, and a 10 fouth-weft of Phila-
deiphia.
Strasburo, atownof Lancafter co.
Pennfylvania } Atuated on an eminence,
and in the centre of a fertile and well
cultivated country, and contains about
60 houfes, feveral of which ai-e buUt of
brick. It is about 7 miles weft from
8trafl)urg Gap, where the road leads
through the mountains, 8 miles eaft of
Lancafter, and 58 welt of Philadelphia.
Strasbvro, a fettlement in Ken-
tucky, near the Bullit Lick.
Stratford, a townftiip in Grafton
CO. New- Hampfliire ; fituated on the
eaft bank of Connecticut river, between
Cockburn townfliip N. and Northum-
berland on the mouth of the Upper
Atnonool'uck on the fouth. It was m-
corporated in 1773, and contains 146
inhabitants. It is 58 niiles^above Han-
over.
Stratford, a pleafant poft.town of
Connecticut, in Fairfield co. on the W.
fide ot Stratford river, which contains
a places for public worfliip, and ' veral
neat and commodious-houies. li .s 14
miles Ibuth-weft of New-Haven, %o N.
£. of Norwalk, and 169 N. E. of Phi-
ladebhia. The townfliip of Sti-atforc.;
the Cupbiag of the Indiana, was I'ettled
in 1638, principally from MaiTachu-
chufetts.
Stratford River. See Houfatonic.
St RATH AM or Streatbaait a town-
fliip of New-Hamp(hire ; fituated in
Rockingham county. Incorporated in
•.t69h w4 «ontwnf i9» IphalutMU. If
sue |f7
lies on thy road from PiBrtfiMwtk to
Exeter; i» miles weft of tbeferaNr»
and 4 eaft of the latter.
Strattom, a townfliip of Vwrntatp
Windham co. abowt 1; mika N. E* of
Bennington, having 93 inhabttaMa.
Strawbirry O0f, R jpata fai the
mountains on the rostd tram Philadelphia:
to Lancafter 4a miles weft of tha iof^
mer, and 16 fwith-eaft of the latter.
Strawbbrr Y Rhftft falls into Lake
Ontario ) and is thus namod from the
great quantity of large fruit of th«e
name growing on its banks.
Stroudi, a ftuge on the new road
from Lexington in Kentucky, to Virgi-
nia. It is 17 miles N. £« of Lexing-
ton, and 9 from Holdent
Strouowatbr. Stt Cajco Bajf,
Stvart's IJlafuit on the N. W.
coaft of N. America, is about 6 or 7
leagues in circuit, about 17 leagues from
Cape Denbigh on the continentt N*
lat. 63. 3 j.
Stuart Town, In Grafton co.
New-Hampftiire, is fituated on the caft-
ern bank of Connecticut river, between
Colebrook on the fouth, and a traCt of
a, 000 acres on the north, belonging to,
Dartmouth college.
Stvmstown, a fmall townof Pena-
lyivania, Dauphin co. on a branch of
Little Swatara. It contains about «to
houfes, and a German Lutlieran and
Calvanift church united. It ia a4
miles £. N. £. of Han-ift>urg, and 89
N. W. by W. oi Philadelphia.
St VRB RIDGE, a townfliip in tlie S,W.
corner of Worccfter co. MaflachnlattSy
containing a8,9ai> acres, divided from
Wooditock and Union on the foutht
in Connecticut by the State line, 90(1
on the north by Brookfield. It waa
incorporated in 1738, and contains
1704 inhabitants. The butter and
cheefe made here have obtained higli
credit in the markets. It is 70 ijailes
fouth-weft by weft of Bolton, and »»
iouth welt of W»rcefter.
Sturgeon Creek. See Kittety.
Styx, a fmall branch of Fatowmac
river where it is called Cohungoronty^
It rifes in the Laurel Thickets, in the
Alleghany mounti^ins } runs north, and
empties oppofite to Laurel Creek.
SuccESb, a bay alio, called GopdSur.
cefs, on Terra del Fuego, or the Weft,
crn ftiore of Strait le Maue. S. }at. 54.
50t W. long* 6s, >5, Capfi Sttcc(ia> on
p.9 S U F S U O
two Indian fachen for £io, and h
1670, was granted to Major John
Pynciieon, by the aflembly of MaiTa.
chufetts.
Suffolk, a county of Maflachnretts,
To nnmed from that in England, in
which gove.nor Winthrop lived, before
he emigrated to America. It contained
in 1790, 23 townfliips, 6,335 houfej,
I StOjS families, 44,875 inhabitants. In
1793, the county was divided) and
See TeHMjee, and Skftli^ \ i^ow the new county, Norfolk, compre-
hends all the towns except Bofto
the point of this bay, lies in lat« 55. t.
8, and long. 65. tj. W.
Svccii^, a tow.iOiip cfNew-Hamp-
Aire, in (iraftonco. N. E. of the White
Mountains on the eaft line of the State,
incorporated in 1773.
SvcK Creek empties into Tenneflee
river from the fouth-fouth-eaft, at the
Ssrkf or IFhirl, were the river is con •
traced to the breadth of 70 yards. It
i<i a few miles north from the Georgia
north-line.
Ford,
Suckling Cafe, on the N. W. part
of N. America ; off which, and to the
N. E. end of Kaye's Ifland, is a muddy
bottom with from 43 to 17 fathoms wa-
ter. The fouth weft point of Kaye's
Ifland is in lat. 59. 49. N. and long.
143. ». W.
8uDBURY» a county of New Bninf-
■wick, on the W. fide of St. John's river,
towards its mouth.
SUDBTTRV, a townfliip of Vermont,
in Rutland co. having Orwell on the
weP;. It contains S58 inhabitants.
SUiJSURY, Eqft, a townOiip of Maf.
(achufetts, Middlefex co. on the poft-
road 19 miles <xpeft of Bofton. It was
incorporated in 1780, and contains 801
inhabitants.
SvimvKYf Jf^eji, or Su(&Mryf a town,
ihip weft of Eaft.Sudbuiy, and 25 miles
weft of Bofton. It was incorporated
an 1639, and contains 1,190 inhabi-
tants.
Sudbury Canada, in York co. Dlf-
tii£t of Maine, is fituated on the fuuth
fide of Androfcoggin river, and fouth-
«vard of Andover. In 1796, it was
created into a townfliip called Bethel,
•nd has two parities.
Sue, La, a powerful nation of In-
dians inhabiting weftward of Lake Su-
perior, and the Miflifippi. Warriors
io,oco.
SuER, Fort le, In Louifiana, is on
the wcftern bank of the Miflllippi, and
eafterly of Fort L'Huillier, on St. Pe-
ter's nver,
SUFFIELO, a pleafant poft-tjwn of
Connecticut, Hartford cjunty, having
a handfome church and fome refpe£ta-
ble dwelling-houfes. It is on the weft
bank of Connefticut river, on the great
poft-road from Bofton to New- York,
10 miles fouth of Springtield, 17 N. of
Hartford, nnd t3» N. L. of Philadel-
|>hia. TUU towoibip was purchafcd of
towns except iioiton,
Chelfea, Hull, and Hingham. Suffolk
was conftituted a county. May lo,
1643. See Maffachufettt and Bofton.
Suffolk, ico. of N.York, L.Ifland,
is about 1 00 miles long, and i o broad, &
comprehends all that part of the State
bounded eafterly and foutherly by the
Atlantic Ocean, northerly by the Sound,
and wefterly by Lloyd's Neck, or
Queen's Village, Cold Spring harbour,
atid the eaft bounds of the townfliip of
Oyfter Bay } the line continued fouth
to the Atlantic Ocean, including the
Ifle of Wight, now called Gardner's
Ifland, Shelter Ifland, Plumb Wands,
Robin's Ifland, and the Gull Iflands.
Fiflier's Ifland alfo belongs to it. It
contains 16,440 inhabitants, of whom
1,098 are flaves. There are 9 town-
fliips, and 2,609 of the inhabitants are
ele6lors. Suffolk county court-houfe,
is 15 miles from Southampton, 27 from
Sagg Harbour, and 8c from New- York
city.
Suffolk, a poft-town of Vinrinia,
in Nanfemond co. on the eaft nde of
the river Nanfemond, It contains a
court-houfe, gaol, and about 40 houfes.
The river is thus far navigable for vef-
fels of 250 tons. It is %'i miles weft
by fouth of Portfmouth, 83 E. S. E. of
Peterft>urgh, ito fouth-caft of Rich-
mond, and 386 from Philadelphia.
Suffrage, a townfliip of N. York,
fltuated in Otiego co. on tlie north flde
of Sufquehannah river { taken from
Unadilla, and incorporated in 1796.
SuoAR Creek, or Cafar's Creek, a
confidcrable branch of Little Miami
nver.
Sugar Hill, a ragged cm -:j' , the
top of which overlooks and commands
the whole works of Ticcnueroga, where
the waters of Lake George empty into
Lake Champlain, and oppoftte to i- jrt
IndepciwicQce, ia t|te State of Verm' •;£.
Gen.
SUM
t^en; BCirgovite made a lodgment on
thi* hill, which the Americans efteem>
cd inaceicffibte; and thus forced Gen.
St. Clair to abandon the fort in June,
»777' .
Sugar Rher, In Chefliire cok New-
iFIanipfliire) riies in Sunapee lake, and>
after s rtiort courfe wefterly, empties
intoConneAicut river, atClermont, and
oppofite to Aflicutney mountain in Ver-
mont. There is a ftrong expe£latioii
•f uniting this river, by a fliort canal,
with Contocuok, which falls into Mer-
rimack river at Bofcawen. >
SuGAR-LoAF Bqyi on the northeaii
fide of Juan Fernandes Kiand ; loo
leagues to the weft of the coaft of Chili.
Sugar, a. river of Veragua, which
en) ries into the Bay of Honduras.
6ULLIVAN, a townfliip of Chefhire
CO. New-IiaiDplhirc, containing aao
inhabitants.
Sullivan, apoft-townof the DIf-
tri6l of Maine, Hancock co. and on
Frenchman's Bay, la miles north-weft
of Goldiborough, 38 W. S. W. of Pe-
nobfcot, 310 north-eaft of Bofton, and
<45 north-eaft of Philadelphia. The
towt, lip contains 504 inhabitants. See
fTaukeague.
Sullivan, a county of Tenneffee,
in Walhington diftrifl:. In 1795, it
contained, according to the State cenfus,
8»457 Inhabitants, of whom 777 were
ilaves.
Sullivan's IJla/tJt one of the three
iflands which form the north part of
Charlefton harbour, in S. Carolina. It
is about 7 miles ibuth-eaft of Charlef-
ton.
Sulphur Creeks Little, one of the
fouthern upper branches of Green river
in Kentucky 5 and lies fouth-weft of
another branch called Bryant's Lick
creek. Near this is a fulphur fpring.
Sulphur IJktnds, See Margaret's
yics.
Sulphur Mountain, a noted moun-
tain in the iftand of Guadaloupc, famous
for exhalations of fulphtu*, and eruptions
of afhes. On the E. fide are a mouths
of an enormous fulphur pit ; one of thefe
mouths is 100 feet in diameter; the
depth is unknown.
SuMANVsTOWN, a village of Penn-
iylvania, in Montgomery co. fituated on
the E. fide of Great Swamp creek, vvliich
empties into the Schuylkill above Nor-
riton. It is 33 mU«8 N. W, by N. of
Philadelphia.
SUN
f>9
SVMKER, a county rf Tenncflec, in
Mero diftri£l. According to th« Stat*
cenfus of i795» it contained 6,370 in«
habitants, of whom 1,076 were flavet.
Sunapee, a lake and mountain in
Chefliire co. New.Hampfliire. The
lake Is about 8 or 9 miiei long, and %
broad, and fends its waters through Su*.
g^r river weft, 14. miles to Connefticut
river. The mountain ftands at the foutfat
end of the lake.
SUNBURY, a countv of the Brltiih
province of New-Brun(wick. It is fitu-
ated on the river St. John, at the head
of the Bay of Fundy j and contains S
townfliips, viz. Conway, Gage.Town,
Burton, Siinbury, St. Anne's, Wilmot,
Newton, and Maugerville. The 3 laft
of thefe were fettled from Maftachufetts,
Conneflicut, &c. The lands are gene-
rally pretty level, and tolerably fertilfa
abpimding with variety of timber.
SuNBURY, the chief town of North-
umberland CO. Pennfylvania ; fituated
near virhere Fort Augufta was ere£led»
on the £. fide of Suiquehannah river,
juft below the junction of the E. and W.
branches of that river, in lat. about 40.
5a. N. It is regularly laid out, and con-
tains a court-houfe, brick gaol, a Pref-
byterian and German Lutheran church*
and about 100 dwelling-houfes. Here
the river is about half a mile broad, and
at the ferry oppofite Northumberland,
about a mile higher, is |ths of a mile.
It is about 76 miles above Reading, and
lao N. W. of Philadelphia.
SuNBURY, a port of entry and poft-
town of Georgia, beautifully fituated in
Liberty co. at the head of St. Catharine's
Soimd, on the main, between Medway
and Newport rivers, about 1 5 miles S.
of Great Ogeechee river. The town
arj harbour are defended from the fury
of I he fea by the N. and S. points of St.
Helena and St. Catharine's iflands } be.'
tween is the bar and entrance into the
found : the harbour is capacious and
fafe, and has water enough for fltips of
great burden. It is a very pleafant
healthy town, and is the refort of th«
planters from the adja« ent country, durr
ing thi fickiy montlis. It was burnt
during the late war, but has fince been
rebuilt. An academy was eftahliftied
here in 1788, which has been under an
able inlhuftor, and proved a very ufeful
inrtitution. It is 40 miles S. of Savan-
nah, and 974. from Philadelphia.
LI SUNCOOKy
SJ»
su?
a V P
Sv»icooic»afinanplamatton itiYot-k fthe Stralti of St. Marle» which art
CO. Siftrift ot Maine, which with Brom
fieklcuntaina 150 inhabitants.
SvMDBRbAND, a townihtp of Ver-
Moittf Scnni:.gton co. 16 miIcK N. E.
«f Benningtoi), and contains 414. inha-
)lil!ants. A lt«t) mine has been lately
direovereti in this town(hip.
Sunderland, a town(hin of Mafla
chuieits, (ituatcd in Uampmire co. on
the E. fide of Connti^iciU river, about
«6 ttiites N. of Hatiley and loo W. ot
Boilon. There is here a handfotne
Congregational church, and 73 houfes,
lying chiefly on one llircr. It was in-
corporated in 171!^, ami contains 462
inhabttatits.
SuPAY Urgo, oi' Denf its Hill, are-
inarkabie eminence in the province of
Quito, in Peiu, between the valiies of
Cfittgui pata, and thole of Paiite. It
has Its name from a 1i»!>ulous ftory of
enchantment, propagatetl by a fuperili-
tioiis Spaniard. It i» thought to con-
tain rich mines..
. SupfcRioR, Laie, formerly termed
the Upper Lake, from its northern fitu-
ation. It may juftly be termed the
Cafpiavi Sea of America, and is liippol*
ed to he the iarged body of frefti water
en the globe. According to the French
charts it is 1,500 miles in circumi'erence.
A great part of tlic coaf* is bounded l)y
rocks and uneven ground. It is (itii-
atctl between 46. and 50. N. lat. ami be-
tween 84. 30. and 9», V^ . long. The
ivater is very clear, and tranlparent.
If the fun fliines bright, it is impofiible
through this medium to look at the
rocks at the bottom, above a minute or
two. Ahhough tlic water, at the fur-
face, is much warmed by the heat of ihe
fun, yet, when drawn up at about a
fathom depth, it is very cold. Storms
are more dreadful here than on the
bcean. There are many iflands in this
lake ; two of them have each land
enough, if proper for cultivation, to
form a connderablc province } efptci-
ally Ifle Royal, which is not Ids tlian
too miles long, aiu) in many places 40
broad. The natives lujipofc theic illands
to be the rciidence of tJie Great Spirit.
Many rivers . .npty their waters into
this mighty refti-voir; of thei(>, one
it called ffipegoH, another Michipico')-
ten ; which are dcl'cribad under their
rcfpeftive heads. This lake dif'charges
m waters from the S. £. comer through
about 40 miles long, into l,akc Hu-
ron. Lake Superior, although about
40 rivers empty into it, many of which
are large, yet it docs not appear that
one-tenth part of the wafers which it
receives, is difehargfd by the above-
mentioned ftrait : great part of the wn.
ters evaporate \ and Providence doubt-
lefs makes ufi; of this inland f«a to fur-
niO) the interior parts of the country
with that fupply of vapours, without
which, like the interior parts of Africa,
they muft have been a mere defert. A
number of tribes liV:; atcviitd Lake Su-
perior, but little ifr known rcfpefting
them. The following extra£l from the
journal of a late traveller will be ac-
ceptable to the curiouft.
■ " Mr. M— — , about the year 1750,
departed fmm Montteal with a company
of about 100 men, 'mder his direc-
tion, for the purpofe of making a tour
through the Indian co'intry, to colle6l
furs, and to make fuch remarks on its
foil, waters, lakes, mountains, itianners
and cuHcilIS of its inhabitants a^ might
come within his knowledge and obferva-
tion. He purfued his route from Mont-
real, entered the Indian country, and
cor.'ied about 300 leagues along the
banks of Luke Superior, from thence to
the Lakt oftht Woods, of which he took
an ailual furvey, and found it to be 36
leagues in length } from thence to the
lake Ounipique, of which he has alfo a
defcription. The tribes of the Irdians
which he pad'eii through, were called
the Mafiego tribe, Sbefeweyau, CithimJ-
tinge, Great Belly Indians, Beaver In-
dians, Blood Indians, the Black fiet
Tfibe, the Snake Indians, OJfmbians,
Shiveytoon Tribe, Mandon Tribe, PaU'
nees, and feveral others, who in general
were very pacific and friendly towards
him, and are great admirers of the
bed hunting horles, in which the coun-
try abounds. The horfes prepared by
them for hunters, have large holes eut
above their natural nottrils, for NVhich
they give as a vcaCon, that thofe pre-
pared in this manner will keep tneir
breath longer tliaii the others, which
are not thus prepared j from expe-
rience, knowledge is gained, and the
long practice of this cuftom, confequent
on thefe trials, mull have convinced
them of the tiuth and utility of the
experiment} otherwife we can hardly
fuppoib
SUP.
fuppofe they would torture their beft
horfet in tliit manner, if fonte advan-
tage was not derived from the mcal'ure.
In purfuing his route, he tbund no diffi'
culty-in obtaining a guide to accompa-
ny him from one nation to the otiusr,
until he came to the Shining Mountains,
or Mountains rf Bright Stones, wliere,
in attempting to pals, he was fruftrated
by the holtiic appearance of the Indians
who inhabit that part of tlie country.
The confequencc of which was, he was
diiapfKiinted in his intention ami ol^lieed
to turn his hack upon them. Having
colie£led a number of Indians, he went
forwai-d again, with an intention to
force his way over thofu moimtains, if
neceflfary and pra£licable, and to malce
his way to Couk's river, on theN. W.
coaft of America, fuppofed by him to
be about 300 leagues from the moun-
tains ; but the inhabitants of the moun.
tains again met him with titcir bowr, and
arrows, and fo fuperior were they in
numbers to his little force, that he was
obliged to flee before thtm. Finding
himfelf thus totally difappointed in the
information he was in liopes to obtain,
he was obliged to turn his back upon
that part of the country for which his
thidting heart had long panted. Cold
weather coming on, he built huts for
himielf and party in the Offnobian coun-
try, and near to the ibuice of a, large
river, called the Offnobian river, where
they tarried during the contihuance of
the cold feafon, and until fome time in
the warmer months. Previous to his
departure from Montreal, he had i'up-
plied himfelf with fevenil kinds of feet's,
and before his huts he laid out a fmall
gartien, which the natives oblerving,
called them fiaves, for digging up the
ground, nothing of that kind being done
by them, they living wholly on animal
food ; bread is unknown to them j to
fome he gave fonie remnants of hard
bread, which they chewed and fpit out
again, calling it rotten wood. When
his onions, &c. were foniewhat advan-
ced in their jrrowth, he was ofttn lur-
prized to find them pulled up j deter-
mining therefore to know from what
caufe it proceeded, he direfted his men
to keep watch, who found that the In-
dian children, induced by motives of
curiofity, cm\t with fticks, thndl them
through the poles of his fence, to afcer-
tain and fuCufy themf«lve8> what the
d u it ^ft
thing! of the white men werci and in
what liianner they grew, &c Thena«
tives of this country hav. " d or
[lei manent place of abode, b .. v(rhol«
y in tents nnade of bufTuloe and other
hides, and with which they travel from
one place to another like the Arabs |
and io foon as the feed for their horftt
is expended, they remove their tents t6
another fertile fpot, and fo on continue
ally, tcarcely ever returning to the fame
f'pots again."
Si^RiNAM, a province or di(Vri6l in
South America, belonging to the Dutchk
Sec Dutch Guiana,
Surinam, a beautiful river of South*
America, and in Dutch Guiana} threeJL
quarters of a mile wide at its mouth {
navigable for the largeft vcflels i s miles,
and tor I'maller vel^ls 60 or 70 mile*
further. Its banks, quite to the water**
edge, are covered with everereen man-
grove trees, which render the profpcA
very delightful. The entrance is guards
ed by a tort and two redoubts, but not
of any great ftrength. At 6 miles U]^
the Commanwine falls into it, and on
the point of land between the two rivers
are the forts. The tovi^n of Surinam
is in Jat. 6. 10.. N. and long. 55. t«.
W. The beft anchorage is under Ze-
landia Fort.
SuaRY, a county of N* Carolina, ill
Salisbury diftrift; bounded eaft by
Stokes, and weft by Wilkes. It con-
tains 7,191 inhabitants, including 698
llaves. Ihc Moravian fettlements of
Wachovia are in this county. Near
the river Yadkin is a forge, which, ma-
nufaftures bar-iron. The Ararat or Pi-
lot Mountain, about '6 miles north-weft
of Salem, draws the attention of every
curious traveller in this pait of the State.
It is difceniible at the diltance of 60 or
70 miles, overlooking the countiy be-
low. !•: was anciently called the Pilotj
by the Indians, as it ferved them for a
beacon, to conduft their routes in the
northern and fouthern wars. On ap-
proacliing it, agrand <ljfplsy of nature's
workmanfhip, in rudedrcis, is exhibited.
From its broad bafej the mountain rifes
in eafy al'cent, like a pyramid, near a
mile high, to where it is not more than
the area of an acre broad ; vhen, on a
fudden, a vaft ftupendous rock, having
the appearance of a large caftle, with
its battlements, creels its perpendicular
height to upwards of 300 fjet, and ter-
Im \ % i^iinatcs
SJi
8 Ud
mmalet in a flat, which ia generally at
levei as a floor. To afcend this pitci
pice, there is only one way, wliich,
thmug^h cavities and fiflures of the rock,
is with fome diflliculty and danger ef-
feAed. When on the fiimmit, the eye
is entertained with a vaft, delighthil
profpeA of the Apalaehian motnitains,
on the north, and a wide, extended level
cwuntry below, on the feiith ; vhile the
Areams of the Yadkiit and Dan, on the
right and left hand, are difcoved at
ievcral diftant places, winding their way,
through the tmilc low grounds, to-
wai'ds the ocean.
SxTRRY, a count]' of Virginia, bound-
ed north by James river, which fcpa-
rates i( from Charles Vhy county, eaft
by Ifle of Wight, and weft by Prince
George's county. It contains 6,4*7
inhabitants, of whom 3,097 are flaves.
Surry, a townfhip of New-Hamp>
fliire, in Cheshire county, containing
44S inhabitants. It lies eaft of Wal-
pole, adjoining, and was incorporated
IB 1769,.
Svst^EHARN AH Rh>trmft* in Lake
Uftayantho, in the State of New- York,
and nins in fuch a Terpentine ceurfe that
U crofTes the boundaiy Hne between the
States of Pennfylvania and New- York,
three times. It receives tht Tyoga river
in N. lat. 41. 57. Afterwards it pro-
ceeds fouth-eaft to Wyoming, without
any obftruflion by falls, and then fouth-
wefl over Wyoming falls, till, at Sunbu-
ry, in lat r 41. it meets the wttt branch
of Sufuiidiannah, which is navigable 90
miles (I'om its mouth. From Sunbin-y
the river is uafiable with boats to Har-
rHburg and Middicton on the Swatara.
About 1 5 miles above Harrifburg, it re-
ceives the Juniatta, from the north* weft,
pjoceeding from the Alleghany moun-
tains, and flowing through a broken
fountry. Hence it taken its cuurfe
about fouth-eaft, until it falls into the
head of Chefapeak Bay, juft below Ha-
vre dc Grace. It is about a nule wide at
its •-' ^h, and navigable ouly zo miles,
the :«> gn'io?. i eiiii' obftruHcd beyond
that by tht \f ..iids. The inland navi-
gation betw::w.> vchuylkill and Sufque
nan jabj wi'- br;;i^ by w..;cr toPhUa.'.tl
pl'ia, i■ii^ fiideot p( 'dVi t^i+ije roiirT^'-^
ot ■j'liOi''-'' i'. . i> v.i'*}'.<fi^(>ure, «v <>,ooo,ta<j
aerts .* i^. !■ dr, can beaccotr-
plirt o.. -,K I'jJ'id pavigalion may 'e
•afil) mnu »i» the '^ •\o i^.itoLake
sv s
Erie, which would at once open a conr*
munication with above »,ooo miles ex-
tent of weftem country, viz. with all
the great lakes, together with the coun-
tries which lie on the waters of Mifllfip.
pi, MifTouri, ;«nd all thiiir -branches.
The water c.)mmunication between
Schuylkill and Sufquehannah, which is
the foul mf all this, wiU be about 60
miles, as the navigation muft go, a|.
though the diftance on a l.ne is only 40
miles-. This track is cut by two creeks,
the Quttapahilla and the Tulpehoken»
Thefe two creeks le7,d within 4 miles of
each other i tiiS level of their head wa-
ters is nearly the fame, and the (pace be-
tween them makes the height of land^
or, as it is commonly called, the ctowm
laud between the two rivers, which is
nearly on a plain, and the bottom of the
canal', thrcHigh which the navigation
mull pafs, will no where rife more than
)o feet above the level of the head wa-
ters of the two creeks above mentioned,
nor fo much as aoa feet above the level
of the waters of Sufquehanbah or
Schuylkill. The Company, inftitvted
the a^th of Sept. 1791, has a capital of
1000 (hares at 400 dollars each, i»yablr
at fuch time as the Company (hall di-
reSl. The work is already commen-
ced. Coal of an excellent quality is
found on feveral parts of this river,
particularly at Wycming.
Sussex, the north-weftc
k is
cmmcft CO. of
mountainous and
New-Jerfcy.
healthy, and has feveral iron mines;
and works have been erefted for the
manufacture of bar and pig iron. It
produces excelknt crops of wheats
and in no part of the State are greater
herds of cattle. The produce is floated
dowm the Delaware, in boats and r^tts.
Here are 5 Prtfbyterian churches, a for
Anabaptids, i for German Lutherans,
and I for Quakers. It contains is
townflilps ; the chief of which are New-
ton, Greenwich, Hardyflon, Knowlr
town, and Oxford. The population is
i9,<;oo including439 flaves. It is bound-
ed N. E. by the State of New- York, N.
W. by Delaware river, which fepa.
rates it from Northampton co. in Ptnu-
fylvania, and fouth- eaft and fouth by
Morris and Hunterdon counties. Paul-
in'sKiil is here navigabk for (hiall crait
15 uiiU-s. The Mufc-netcony, which
divides titj county from Hunterdon, is
gtpabU of bcniEciai iiupi'ovemtait$> as
... i&
contains a,<
SWA
14 fhe Pequeft or Pequafet, between tlie
above-mentioned rivers. The court-
houfe in this county is i ^ miles fouth-
weft of Hamburg j 38 N. E. of Eafton,
in Peoufylvania { 41 fouth-weft of Go.
flien, in New<Yorlc { and 108 N. by E.
of Philadelphia. The village at this
place is called Newton.
S u s 8 B JC| a county of Vi rginia } bound-
ed N. E. by Surry, and iouth-weft by
Dinwiddle. It contains 10,554 inhabi-
tantSf including 5,387 Haves.
Sussex, a maritime county of Dela-
ware State, bounded weft and fouth by
the State of Maryland, north-eaft by
Delaware Bay, call by the Atlantic
Ocean, and north by Kent cp. It con-
tains so,4t8 inhabitants, including
4,ui5 flaves. C^pe Henlopcn is the
north- eaftern part of the county. Chief
towut Georgetown.
Sutton, a tuwnftiip of New- Hamp-
(hire, Hillfborough co. containing 520
inhabitants. It was firft called Perryf-
town, and was incorporated in 1784.
'SUTTON,atownibipin Worctfterco.
MaiTachufetts, 46 miles W. S. W. of
Bofton, and 10 miles S. by £. of Wor-
cefter. It was incorporated in 1 7 1'8, and
contains 3,641 inhabitants. Here are
10 grift mills, 6 iaw-miils, 3 fulling,
mills, a paper-mill, an oil-mill, and 7
uip-hamratrs. There are 5 ftythcand
ax-makers, one hoe-maker, fcvcial who
work at nail-dnaking, and 6 works for
making pot-aih. Here are found gin-
feng and.the cohufti-root. Thecavtm,
commonly ca led Purgatory, in the Ibuth-
eaftern part of the town, is a natural cu-
riolity. Bodiesof ice are found here m
June, although the dei'cent is to thc
ibuth.
SWALUOW Jfland, in the Pacific
Ocean, ^. lat. )o. E. long, fiom Paris,
162. 30. ; difcov.ered by Roggewein,
17x2.
Swam SCOT, or Great River, to dif.
tinguifli it from another much lei's, ullu
vAXtAExeter Rivera rifcs in Chillt-r, in
Mfw Hampfliire, and alter nmning
through Sandown, Poplin^ firmtwoo^f,
and a confideiable part of Exeter, af
fording many excellent mUl- feats, turn.
bJes over a fall 20 or 30 rods in length,
and meets the tide from Pii'cataqua har-
bour, in the centre ot the townfliip ot
F.xeter. The I'maller river rifes 111
Brentwood and joins Great river about
» third of a mile above Exeter^ Here
8 W E 5SS
are caught plenty of alewivei and foa
oyfters. Swamwot is the Iqdian jmiu
of Exeter.
Swan lfltmd;\x\ ibeDtftrlAofMtiine,
divides the waters of Kcnnebeck rivflr»
three miles from the Chops of Merry^
Meeting Bay. It fs fe^'cn miles long,
and has a n:iv'gable channel on both
fides, but that to the eaft is moftly ufed.
It was the ft at of the fachem Ktnebit
The river \x(i\i probably took its name
fi'om the race of Sagamore* of <he nam^
of Kenebis.
SwANNANO, the eaft head water of
French Kroad river, in TennelTee. Alfo
the name of a lettlement within about
60 miles of the Cherokee nation.
SWANNSBOROUGH, the chief town
of Onflow ico. Wilmington diftriQ, N.
Carolina.
S WA N SE Y, a townfliip in Chefhire co.
New-Haiupfhire, adjoining Cheftcrfield
on the E. 97 miles wefterly of Portf-
mauth. It was incorporated in 1753*
and contains 1157 inhabitants.
SwANSEy, a townihip in firiltol co*
MafTuchufetts, containing 1744 inhabit-
ants. It was incoiporated in 166/4 and
lies 51 miles fouthcriy of Boftoa.
SwANTON, a townihip of Vermont,
Franklin co. on the E. bank of Lake
Champlain, on the fouth fide of Mif*
chtfcoui river. This townfhip las a
c idar fwamp in the W W. part of it,
towards Hog Ifland. The Miichilcoui
is navigable tor the largelt boatsymilei,
to the fills in thii- town.
S WAN TOWN, in Kent CO. Maryland, i-.
about 3 miles b. eafterlyof Georgetr^wn.
SwEDEsBOROJUGH,armaUpoit.town
ofNew Jerley^ Glouc;fier co. on Ra-
coon Creek, 3 nules from its mouth,
in Delaware river, 11 S. by W. of
Woodbury, 17 N. by E. of Salem, and
20 Ibutherly of Philadelphia.
Swedish America. The Swedes
had ar.cientiy fcttlcn.ents on Delaware
river, and the Swetlifh church in Phila-
delpbia is the oidtft in that city. Tlie
only American lettlement they have
now, is the Irnall iflind or BartholwncWy
or Barthelemi, in the Weft-Indies, wJjicU
is about 30 miles in length, and the
lame m breadth. It was obtained from
France in 1785, and gave rile to the
Swtdilh W-^ft-India Company.
tWEET Springs, m Vnglnia, 30
miles E. by N. of Greenbriar, yj weft
of Staunton, and 3SaS. W. of Phila-
L 1 3 delphia«
1,4 TAB
dcMiia. In the rettletnent around thefe
^nngi» a pon-office is kept.-
SwBTARA, or Stuatarot a river of
Pennsylvania, which falls into the Suf-
Soehannah from the N. £. about 7 miles
. E. of Harriiburg.
SroNBr, or Cape Breton I/land',
which fee.
SVDNAY, in Lincoln co. Diftrifl of
Mtune, is 37 miles from Pownalborough,
98 from Hallowell, and 203 from Bolton.
8YM8BURY. See Simjbury.
Sypomba, an ifland on the coaft of
Brazil, in S. America, about 7 leagues
N. E. of St. John's Idond, and N. W.
from a range of iflands which form the
great {fay of Para.
TAAWIRRY, one of the two fmall
iflands within the reef of the ifland
of Otaheite, in the South Pacifu Ocean.
Thefe iflands have anchorage within
the reef that furrounds them.
Tabaco, an ifland in the Bay of Pa-
nama, about 4 mih.i, lo> "ind 3 broad.
It is mountainous, and abounds with fruit
trees. N. lat. 7. 30. W. long. 60. 16.
Tabasco, an ifland in the S. W.
part of the Gulf of Mexicn, and at the
bottom of the Gulf or Campeachy, is
about 36 miles long, and about 7 broad j
and on it is built the town of Tabafco,
in lat. 17. 40. N. and long. 93. 39. W.
It is the capital of a rich province of its
name, and is fltuated at the mouth of thc
river Grijalva, 90 miles E. of Efpirito
$anto, and 160 S. E. of Mexico. It is
not large, but is well built, and is con-
iiderabiy enriched by a conflant refort
of n^erchants and tradefmen at Chritt-
nias. 'The river Grijalva divides itl'clf
near the fea into two branches, of which
the weftem falls into the river Tabafco,
which rifcs in the mountains of Chiapa,
and the other continues its courfe till
within 4 leagues of the fea, where it
fubdivides and (eparates the jfland from
the continent. Near it are plains which
abound with cattle aiid other animals,
particularly the mountain cow, lb called
from its rcfembling that creature, and
feeding on a fort ot mofs found on the
trees near great rivers.
Taboguilla, or Little Tabago, in
^e bay of Pa: la, a imaller ifland than
T AL
Tabago, and near it. The channel be^
tween them is narrow but |(ood, through
which ihips pafs to Pomt Chama or
Nata.
Tabooyamanoo, a fmuU ifland in
the South Pacific Ocean, fub)eft to Hua-
heine, one of the Society Iflands.
Tacames, a bay on the coaft of Pe-
ru, in lat. about i. 6. N. and 3 leagues
to the N. E. of Point Galera.
Tachifi Point i on the coaft of New
Mexico, is 18 miles from the town of
Pomaro.
Taconnet fall. See Fpn Halifax,
Tacunca. See Latacuiioa.
Tadousac, a fmall place in Lower
Canada, at the mouth of the river Sa-
guenay, or<6agaenai on the north fliore
of the ri er St. Lawrence. Here a con-
fiderablc trade has been carried on with
the Indians, they bringing their furs and
exchanging them for European cloths,
utenfils and trinkets. It is 98 miles
Iwlow Quebec. N. lat. 48. W. long,
67. 35. See Saguenay River.
Ta?nsa, a lettlement in Weft^Flori-
da, on the eaftern channel of thi great
Mobile river, on a high blufi^, and on the
I'cite of an ancient Indan town, which
is apparent from many artificial mounds
of earth and other ruins. It is about
30 niiles above Fort Conde, or city of
Mobile, at the head oF the bay. Here
is a delightful and extenfjve profpeil of
i'ome flourifliing plantations. The in-
habitants are mojtly of French extrac-
tion, and are chiefly tenants. The
myrica inodora, or wax-tree, grows here
to the height of 9 or 10 feet, and pro-
duces excellent wax for candles.
Tagapipe, a caflle eredted on a
point of land in the Bay of All Saints,
in Brazil. It is piYtty confiderable, and
adds greatly to the ftrengih of St. Sal.:
V ad ore.
Tago, Sant, ^r T/ai j Point, on the
weft coaft of Ntw Mexico, is between,
Salae;ua and the White Roc''
1 a HOC R A, or Tahooro-xv/i . one of the
fmalleft of the Sandwich Iflands,
leagues from tlie Ibuth-w .t part of
Mowee.N. lat. 20 38. W, long 156. 33.
Talahasochte, a confiderable
town cf the Serriinole Indians, fituuted
on the elevated taft banks of the Little
river St. John, near the bay of Apalache,
in the Gulf of Mexico, about 75 miles
from the Alachua favanna. Here are
neai' 30 habitations conftiu^tol of frame
wwk,
T AL
work, and covered with the bark of the
cypreft tree* afcerthe mode of the Cufco.
willa, and a fpaciou* and neat council-
houfe. Thefe Indians have large liand-
ibme canoes, which they form out of the
tninks of cypref* trees, fonie capacious
enough to hold lo or 30 warriors. In
thefe they defcend the river on trading
and hunting expeditions on the Tea - coaft,
iilands, and keys, quite to the Point of
Florida; and iom^ times crofs the Gulf
and go to the Bahama Iflands, and even
to Cuba, and bring returns of i'pirituous
liquors, coffee, fugar, and tuh^cco.
TalaPOOSee, or Tallapoofee, the
great north-eaft branch of the Alabama
or Mobile river, in Florida. It rifes in
the high lands near the Chcrokees, and
runs through the high country of the
Oakfulkee tribes in a weltwaidiy direc-
tion and is full of rocks, falls, and (lioals,
until it reaches the Tuckabatcbes,
where it becomes deep and quiet ; from
thence the courfe is weft about 30 miles
to Little Tallafie, where it unites with
the Coofa, or Cool'a Hatcha. At Cool-
j(bme, near OtalTe, a Mufcoefulge town,
this river is 300 yards broad, and about
1 5 or ao feet deep. The water is clear
and falubrious. In moft maps, the low-
.er part of this river is called Oakfujkie.
TaLassee, or TaUaJfeej a county
conlifting of a traft of land bounded by
•^Eaft- Florida on the fouth, from whicii
the head water of St. Mary's river part-
ly feparates it 5 north by Alaramaha liv-
er, eaft by Glynn and Camden counties,
and wefterly by a line which extends
from the weftem part of Elcanfanoka
Swamp, in a N. E. direftion till it
ilrikesthe Alatamaha river, at the mouth
of the Oakmulgee. It is iaid that the
State of Georgia had extinguiflied the
Indian claim to this trail of land, but it
has been given up to the Indians as the
price of peace; for which that State
makes a claim for .50,000!. with inteeit.
fnice the treaty, upon the United States.
Talassee, a town of tlie Upper
Creeks, in the Georgia wettern terri
tory, on the fouth fide of Talapooie
river, diftant about 3 davs journey from
Apaiachicola on Chata Uche river. It
is alio called Big Talafl'ee.
Talbert's IJland, on the coaft of
Georgia, th^ north point of which is in
lat. about 30. 44. N. where St. Mary's
river empties into the ocean between this
iiland apd Amelia iilaud on the N.
T A M Sit
Tavbot, an iiland on the ooaft of
Eaft-Floridi. The fands at the en- .
trance of NaiTau lie three miles off the
fouth eaft point of Amelia Iiland, and
from the N. E. point of Talbot Iftand.
Ialbot, a county of Maryland, on
the eaftern Oiore of Chefapeak Bay, '
bounded E. by Choptank river, which
divides it from Caroline county, and'
fouth by the fame river, which feparatet'
it from Dorchefter. It contains 1 3,084
inhabitants, of whom 4.777 ^^^ flaves,"
Tiie foil is rich and fertile.
Talcaguama, a cape on the coad
cf Chili, Ti leagues N. F-. of the ifland
of St. Mary, and s northward of Port
St. Vincent.
Talcaguama Port, is 6 miles with-
in the above point of its name, and is
one of two good roa<ls in the bay of
Conception.
Tallow Point, a mark for anchor-*
ing in the harbour of Port Royal, oi^
the Ibuth coaft of the Iiland oi Jamaica.
Taloo Harbour, on the N. iide of
the iiland of Eimeo, in the South Pacific
Ocean. 8. lat. 17, 30. W. long. J50.
TiiMALE<yjE, an inland city, ir- nv^
province of St. Martha, on the cc. %. of
Terra Firma. Jt is fituated on '\^x
banks ot Magdalena river, and carries
on a trade on 1 hat river from New Gra-
nada to Carthagena, from whence it it
diltant above i fjo miles.
Tamar, Cape, is the N. W. point
of a l.irge bay : nd harbour on the north
ihore.or the Straits of Magellan, within
the cape. The fouth- eait point of the
bay .is named Providence. S. lat. 55;.
51. W. loniT. 75. 40.
TamaRIKa, an ifland on the coaft of
Brazil, northward of Pcrnambuco, and
about 24 miles in length. It is a miles
N. of Pomovello, and has a harbour and
good freili .water. S. lat. 7. 56. W.
long. 35. 5.
Tamatam^ue, cilied by the Spa-
niard's Filla de las Puhnas, a town of
Santa Martha, in Terra Firma, S. Ame-
rica ; fituated on the eafttrn bank of
Santa Martha river, about 28 miles
above TeneritFe.
Tambo Land, on the coaft of Peru,
extends about 9 miles from Cape Re-
mate to Playa de los Pcrdrices, or the
Partjidge Strand, about 9 miles. There
is clear and good anchorage upon thjs
ftrand, under a row of high, ridgy, and
fandy hillt. On making them from the
L 1 4 fea,
I
536 T A O
fea« they reftmble a covey of partridges
juft nfing ; hence tlie name of the coaft.
Tammany's, f/.avillageonDan river
in Virginia, 1 5 milrt froir Gill'* Bridge,
7 from Mecklenbure court -hou lis, 4a
from Halifax court-haufe, in Noith-
Carolina, and 398 fvnm Philadelphia.
Tammany, Fort St. or St. Mary's,
at the moiiih of St. Mury's river, on
the S. line of Georgia. Sec St. Mary's.
Tammata-Pappa, a low ifiand of
the N. Pacific Ocean, faid to be near the
Sandwich Ifl'ands.
Tamov Iflandy one of the fmall
iAets which form part of the reef on the
£. fide of Ulietea Ifland, one of the So-
ciety Iflnnds.
Tampa. Seo Sfiritu Santo.
Tam WORTH, a towiifhip in the
northern part of Strafford co. New-
Hamp(hire. It was incorporated in
1766, and contains 366 inhabitants.
Tanbanty Bayt on the coaft of
Bracil, has a good ruad, fheltered by the
£u)ds that He off within 3 miles of the
fhore. It is one of thofc places between
Point Negro and Point Liiena.
Taneytown, a fmall poll-town of
Mai J, J, in Fredericlt CO. betweenPi.^
ney Run and Pine Creek, on which are
a number of mills and fome iron-works.
It lies 27 miles N. by £. of Fredericlci-
town, and laiW. S.W. of Philadelphia.
Tanela, or Tonei.' a tiaft of Ihore
on the weft coaft of k ico, on the N.
Pacific Ocean, comn-.c icing near the
Sugar Loaf Hill, about 6 miles within
the land, bearing N. £. and S. W. with
the burning mountain of Lacatecolula,
about iS miles up the river Limpa.
Tancola, an iflund in the N. Paci-
fic Ocean, and on the weft coaft of New
Mexico ; affording good anchorage and
plenty of wood and water. It is about
60 miles weftward of Guatimala. It is
•Ifo named T'aKgolatango,
Tan CUE Y, or Tongueyt on the coaft
of Chili, in the S. Pacific Ocean, is 30
miles from Limari, and in lat. 30. 30. N.
Tansa, a branch of the river Mobile,
3 leagues below the Alabama branch.
Taoo, the moft foutherly of the
Friendly lAands, in the South Pacific
Ocean, is about 10 leagues in circuit,
and fo elevated as to be feen at the dif-
tance of 12 leagues.
Taouka, an ifland in the S. Pacific
Ocean, one of the Society Illands. S.
lat. i4. 30. W. long. 145. 9.
TAP
TAPAWATHPEQyE,a fownof Guaa-
aca, and audience oF Mexico. It ftanda
:it the foot of the mountains Qmlenos,
at the bottom of a bay in the South Sea }
and is rcprefented as oue of the plcalant-
dt places in this country, and the beft
fui-nifheil with Heft), fowl and fiHi, bring
contiguous both to the fea and a river,
amidti rich farms, each of which being
ftocked with between 1000 and 4000
head of cattle. Here are delightful
walks oi orange, lemon, citron, fig and
other fruit trees.
Taparica, a long iftand on the weft
fide of the entrance into the Bay of All
Saints, in Brazil. See BahtM.
Tapayo, a town of S. America,
on the foutii bank of Amaion river,
eafterly from the mouth of Madeira
river.
Tappahannock, a poft-town and
port of entiy ot Virginia, in Effex co.
between Dangerfield on the north and
Holkiif s creek on the fouth, and on the
Ibuth-wt'ft bank of Rappahannock river,
54 miles from Richmond, 67 from
Williamft)urg, and a$3 from Philadel-
phia. It is alio called Hobbes' Hole ;
which fee. It is laid out regularly, on
a rich plain, and contains about 100
houfes, an epiicopal church, a court-
houfe, and gaolj but is rather unheal-
thy. The exports for one year, ending
Sept. 30, 1794, amounted to the valuQ
of 160,673 dollars.
Tapay06. See Tafuyes.
Tappan, a townol New- York, in
the fouth- eaft part of Orange co. about
4 miles from the north bank of Hudfon's
river, and at the fouth end of the Tap-
pan fea. Here is a reformed Proteftant
Dutch church. Major Andre, adjutant*
general ot the Britiih army fuffered here
as a fpy, 0£1. z, 1780} having been
taken on his way to New- York, after
concerting a plan with major-general
Arnold for delivering up Weft Point to
theBritifh.
Tappan Sea, or Bay, a dilatation of
Hudfun's river, in the State of New-
York, oppofite the town p( Tappan, and
35 miles north of New- York city \ im-
mediately fouth of and adjoining Haver-
Ihaw Bay. It is 10 miles Ioue; and 4
wide; and has on the north fide fine
quarries of a reddifli free ftonc, u fed for
buildings and grave Itones 5 which are
a I'ource of great wealth to the propri-
etors. See Steep Rocks,
TAPUYJiS,
TAR
Tapuyes, or Tapayos, the mod con-
siderable nation of the native Braziliani,
in S. America, that have not yet been
conquered by the Portuguefe. They
fpread themiclvea a great way inland
to the W. and are divided into a great
ntimher of tribes or cantons, all govern-
ed by their own Icings.
Tar AHUM A RY, a province of New
Spain, laoo miles dilUnt from the ca-
pital.
Tarborouch, a poft-town of N.
Carolina; fitnated on the W. (ide of
Tar river, about 85 miles from its mouth,
140 from Ocrecock Inlet, 110 N. by E.
of Fayetteville, 37 S. of Halifax, 11a
S. by W. of Peterlbuig in Virginia,
and 4x0 S. W. of Philadelphia^ It
containw about 50 h'>ules, a cour*°-houre
and gaol. Large quantities of tobacco,
of ^hc Peter(burg quality, pork, beef,
ami Indian corn are colleaed here for
exportation.
Tari] A, or Chic has f one of the four-
teen juri{di6\ions belonging to the arch-
bifhopric of Plata, in Peru. It lies
about QO miles fouth of Plata, and its
greateft ext'jnt being about 105 miles.
The tempiamre of the air is various :
11. fome pans hot, and in others cold ; fo
that it has che advantage of corn, fruits
and cattle. This country abounds
every where in mines of gold and filver j
but el'pecially that part called Choca-
yas. Between this province and the
country inhabited by tne wild Indians,
runs the l.irge river Tipuanys, the lands
of which being mixed with gold, are
wafhed, in order to i'eparate the grains
of that metal.
Tar, or Pamli:o Ui'vir, a conlidera
ble river of N. Carolina, which puifucs
a fouth~eait covrfe, and paflini^ by
Wafliington, Tarborou8;h and Green-
ville, entersPamlico Sound in lat. 35. z2.
N. It is navigable for veflels drawing
9 feet water to the town of Wafliington,
40 miles from its mouth ; and for Icows
or flats carrying 30 or 40 hhds. 50
miles farther to the town of Tarbo-
rough. According to the report of a
committee, appointed by the legiflatiire
of N. Carolina, to inquire into the
praflicability of improving the inland
navigation of the State, it is fuppol'ed
that this river, and Firtiy Cretk, a
branch of it, may be made navigable 40
miles above Tarborough.
Tarpaulin Covct on the coaft of
T A U 537
Mafftchu&ttt, lies about 3 leatnet N.
N. W. of Holmes's Ho>e, in Marths't
Vineyard. It is high w; <er here «t fuU
an« change, two minutes after ten
o'clock ; j fathoms water.
Tarrytown, a confiderable village
in Phillips's Manor, New Yorl(, on tht
E. fide of Hudfon't river, 30 miles N.
of New York city. Under a large tree*
which is (hewn to travellers as they pafs
the river, is the fpot where the unfor-
tunate Major Andre was taken ; who
was afterwards executed at Tappan.
Tarstown. Stt LeiAJburgfVtnn-
fylvania.
Tarte's Rapids, La, on the river
Ohio, lie 40 miles above the mouth o£
the Great Kanhaway. See Ohio,
Tatmaoouchb, or Tatamagouchet
a place in Nova- Scotia, on a fhort bay
which fets up foutherly from the S:iait*
of Northumberland; about *$ mile*
from Onflow, and 11 from the iHand of
St. John's. See Southamflon, It has a
very good road forvefl'cls, and is known
alio under the names Tatamaganabou.
Tatnam Cape, the eaftem point of
Haye's river, in Hudfon's Bay. N. lat.
57. 35. W. long. 91. 30.
Tatoo-e TEE, an ifland in the S.
Pacific Ocean, one of the Ingrahnm
Ifles, called by Capt. Ingraham Frank'
lin, and by Capt. Roberts, Blake. It
lies 7 or 8 leagues W. by N. of N(X)r
heeva.
Taumaco, an ifland about 1256
leagues from Mexico, where DeQjiiros
ftaytd ten days. One of the native*
named above 60 ifland s round it. Some
of the names follow, virt. Manicola,
Chicayano, larger than Taumaco, and
about 300 miles from it; Guatopo,
150 miles from Taumaco; Tucopia, at
1 00, where the countiy of ManicoU
lay. Till natives had, in gent-ral, lank
hair; iome were white, with red hair;
lome mulattoes, with curled hair ; and
(bine woolly like negroes. De Quiros
oblcrves that in the bay of Philip and
James, were many black ftones, very
heavy, fome of which he carried to
Mexico, and upon aflaying them, they
found filver.
Tauntom, a river which empties
into NarraganCet Bay, at Tiverton,
oppofite the N. end of Rhode-Ifland.
h is lornied by fevtral ftrcums whiclr
rife in Plymouth county, Maflachufetts.
Its courfe is about 50 miles from N> E.
f |f TEA
tQ 8. W. and it ih navigabU for fisali
VfiffirU to Taunton.
Taunton, a poft-town of Nfafla-
«hurctt«» and the capital of Biiftul co.
^tuated on ihe W. fule of Taunton
viveri and contains 40 or 50 houfes,
<onipaAiy built, a church, court>houfe,
gaol, and an academy, ' hich was in-
xoipoiated in 1791. It u 36 miles S.
Vy £. of fioftun, 11 E. of Proviilencc,
at northerly of Bedfc ni, and ^i^^ N. E.
of Philadttlphie. Tlte tuvsn/hip of
Taunton was taken from Raynliam,
and incorporated in i(>39« and contains
3304 inhabitants. A flitting-mill was
'Creiied here in 1776, and for aconfider-
abl« time the only one in Maflachu-
fetts, and was then the heft ever built
jn America. Tht; annttal prududion of
9 mills now in this townfhip is not lei's
;tian kuo tens of iron; about 50 tons
ve cut, and 300 liammcred intu nails,
and tlie remainder is wrought inio
fpades and (hovels j of wluch laft ar-
ticle aoo dozen arc rolltxl annually.
"Ml. Siimuel Leonard ruUed tlte firlt
Aovel ever done in America. This
invention reduces the price one half.
Wire-diawing, and roiling iheet-iron
for the tin-manufaflure, are executed
here. There is alfo a nianufa£)oiy uf
a ipecies of ochre, found here, into a
pigment of dark yellow colour.
TAunrpN Bay, in the Diftrift of
Maine, is fix miles from Frenchman's
Tavernicr Kty, a fmall Ide, one of
the Tortugas, 1 miles from the S. W.
«nd of Key -Laigo, and 5 M. E. of Old
Matacombe. To the northward of
this laft iHand is a very good road.
Tawandee Creeit in Northumber-
land CO. Pennfylvania, nms N. £. into
the £. branch of Sufquehannah, iz
miles S. £. of Tioga Point.
Tawas, an Indian tribe in the N. W.
Territory, 18 miles up the Miami of
the Lake. Another tribe of this name,
inhabit higher up the fame river, at a
place called the Rapids.
Tawixtwj, The EngliJhtOvPicque.
Ttnvn, in the N . W. Territory, is iitu-
attd on the N W. bank of the Great
Miami, 35 miles below the 5 mile port-
age, to the Miami of the Lake, and 68
S VV.^by S. of Miami Fort, It was
faken in 175* by the French. N. lat.
^0.41. W. long. 84.48.
TjiACUiiS, a fmall illaud dofe to the
T E M
E. fliore of Northampton co. Virginia,
and N. by E. of Parmmore Uland.
TECOANTEfBC.or TteuMtt*p*qut,at
TtgiittuteptqHft a large bav on the W.
coaft of New- Mexico, on the fouth fide
of the Itlhmus from the Bay or Oulf of
Campcachy, in the S. W. part of the
Gulf of Mexico} and bounded W. by
Point Angelos. The port town of its
namr, lies in lat. 15. a8. N. and long.
90/ 15. W.
Tehuacan, a city of New Sp^m,
lao miles S. E. of Mexico.
TtKY Sounit on the coaft of Georgia,
to the Ibuth of Savannah river, is a ca<
pacious road, where a large fleet may
;\nchor in from 10 to 14 fathoms water,
and be land-locked, and have a fafe en-
trance over the bar of the river, Tha
flood tide is generally 7 leet.
Tkuca, a burning mountain on the
W. coait of New Mexico, feen at N.
N. E. over the ridge of Tofta. It ia
<mc of the range of volcanoes which are
leeri .liong the coaft from Fort St. John'a
tu Tecaantepeck, and is 18 miles fjtcnt
Volcano del Vejo, or Old Man's Burn*
ing Mountain} and there are two others
between them, but not lb eafily dii'cem-
cd, as they do not often emit fmoke.
Tellico BItck-Houfe, in Tenneflle,
(lands on the north bank of TemufTe*
river, immediately oppofite the remains
of Fort Loudon} and i« comjHited to
Ke 900 miles, accouling to the courfe of
the river, from its mouth, and 31 miles
fouth of Knoxville in Tenneflee. It
was eie^Hed in 1794, and has proved a
very advantageous military poft. . It has
latdy been eftablllhed, by the United
States, as a trading poit with the Indians.
Telliguo, Greats in the State of
TennelTee, was fituated on the eaft fide
of the'iJhota bianch of Tenneflee .river,
about 25 miles N. £. of the mouth of
Holfton river, and 5 fouth of the line
which marked Lord Granrille's limits
ol Carolina. This was a Briti^ fa£lory,
tltablilhed after the treaty of Wcftmin-
fter, in 1729.
Telliguo Mountains t lie fouth of
' the above place, and ft-em to be a part of
what are now called the Great Iroa
Mountains, in the lateft maps.
Tempie, a place in New Grilicia, 200
leagues N. W. of the city of Mexico.
Temple, atown(hipof NewHamp-
(hire, Hilllborougli co. north of New
Ipfwicb, aud 7« miles weftcrly of Portf-
inouth<
TEN
MOuth. It was incor|>orattd in tjStt
•ml contain* jao iohabitantt.
Tbmplk fay, on the Labrador coaft,
onpofite Belle Illc. A Britidi TcttUment
of thii lumc was deftroycd by the
French, in Oftober, 1796.
Tkmplston, a townAiip in the N.
W. part of Worceftcr co. Maflachufetts,
containing 950 inhabitants. It was
grantc-d as a bounty to the foldiers in
king Philip'H war, and was culled Nar-
raganfet No. 6, until its incorporation
in 1761. It is 6j milesW.by N.\y«of
Bofton, and x8 N. by W. ot Wi rceftcr.
Tench's IJlandt in the South PaciHc
Ocean, was dii'covered in 1790, by
Lieut. Ball, and liesinlat. i. 39. S and
iong. 151. 31. W, It is low, am. only
«bout a miles in circuit, but is entirely
covered witii trees, including many of
the cocoa-nut kii'il. It abounds with
inhabitants, and the men appear to be
remarkably flout and healthy.
7e NE RIFF E, a town of Santa Martha
and Terra Firma, in S. America, fiiuat-
ed on the ealtcrn bank of the great riv>
er Santa Martha, below its confluence
v/ith Madalena, about 135 mile; horn
the city of Santa Martha, towards the
Ibuth the road from which capital to
Teneriife is very difBcult by land, but
one may go very eafily and agreeably
from one to the other partly by lea, and
{)artly by the above mentioned river.
Ten N ant's Harbour, on the coaft of
.the Diltridl of Maine, lies about three
leagues from George's lilands.
Tennessee, a large, beautiful, and
navigable river of the State of Tenneffee,
called by the French Cherokee, and ab-
furdly by others Hogohegee river, is the
largeft branch of the Ohio. It rills in
the mountains of S. Carolina, in about
lat. 37. and purfues a courfe of about
1000 miles, fouthand fouth weft nearly
to lat. 34. receiving from both fides a
number of large tributary (ireams. It
then wheels about to the north in a cir-
cuitous courfe, and mingles with the
Ohio, nearly 60 miles from its mouth.
It is navigable for vefleU of great bur-
den to the Mufele Shoals, 150 miles from
its mouth. It is there about three miles
bfoad, full of fmall ifles, and only pafl'-
able in fmall boats or batteaux. !■ rom
thefe flioals to the ff^hirl, or Suck, the
place where the river is con traced to
the breadth of 70 yards, and breaks
through the Great Kidge, or Cvmber-
TEN f|9
land Mountain, is «so mUet» and dM
navigation for large boats all the war
excellent. The higheft point of navi-
Ration upon this river is Tellico-Block-
HouCe, 900 miles from its mouth accord-
ing to its meanders. It receives Holftoa
river aa miles below Knoxville, and
then running W. 1 $ miles receives the
Clinch. The other waters which empty
into Tenneflee, are Duck and Elk riv-
ers, and Crow Creek , on the one fide $
and the Occachappo, Chickainauga and
Hiwaflfee rivers on the fouth and Ibuth-
eaftcrn fides. In the TcnnelTee and its
iip))tr branches are great numbers of
liih, fome of which are very lar^e and
of an excellent flavour. The river to
which the name Tenneflee was formerly
confined, is that part of it which runt
northerly, and receives Holflon river 10
miles below Knoxvillc. The Coyeta,
Chota, and Cliilawee Indian towns are
•OD the wett fide of the river j and the
Talafle town on the cali fide.
TENNESSEE, one of the United
States of America, and, until 1796,
called the Tennrjfee Government, ov
Terrhoiy of the United States South of
the Ohio. It is in length 400 miles,
and in breadth 104; bttwet-n lat. 35.
and 36. 30. N. and lung;. 81. a8. and 91.
38. W. It i« bounded N. by Kentucky
and part of Virginia} E. by North-
Carolina; S. by Georgia; W. by the
MiflTifippi. It is divided into 3 diflri£ls,
viz. Wafliington, Hamilton, and Mero,
which are fuhdivided into 13 counties,
viz. Wafliington, Sullivan, Greene,
Carter, Hawkins, Knox, Jeiferlbn,
Sevier, Blount, Grainger, Davidfon,
Sumner, Robert Ton, and Montgome-
ry. The firft four belong to Wafli-
ington diflri^li' the next Ave to that
of Hamilton, and tlie fvur latttr to Me-
ro di(tri6l. The two former diflriAs
are divided from the lattei , by an unin-
habited country of 91 miles in extent,
that is, from the block-hotifes, at the
point formed by the jun6lion of the
rivtr Clinch with the Tenntflee, called
South- Weft Point, to Fort Blount upon
Cumberland river, through which there
is a waggon road, opened in the fum-
mer of 1795. There are few countrits
ib well watered with riyers and creeks.
The principal rivers arc the MiflSfippi,
Tenntflee, Cumberland, Holfton, and
Clinch. The tra6l called the Broken
Ground, fends immediately into the
MiflTifippi,
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Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. I4S80
(716) 872-4S03
4r
|«9 TEN
IttlffifippI, the Wolf, Hatch«e, forked.
Oeer* Obiin or Obean, tunA Rwlr^^ )
wliieh are from 30 to So yimls wide
tt their moathi ; moll of t?« riven
tare exceedingly rich low greundst at
the extremity pf which is a fecond
banki as on moft of the lands of the
Miilifippi. Befides thefe rivers, there
aire feveral fmaller ones, and inmimera-
ble . creeks, fome of which are naviga*
We. In fliort, there is hardly a fpot in
this tountryi which is upwards of ao
miles diftant from a navigable (ficam.
The chief raoahtams are Stone, Yellow,
froif, Bald, and Unaka, adjoining to
one another, from the eaftem boundary
of the State, and fejparate it from N.
Carolina ) their direction is nearly from
V, E. to 8. W. The other mountains
«K Clinch and Cnmberland. It would
feqnire a vdume to defcribe the moun-
tains of this State, above half of which
is covered with thofe that are uninha*
hitable. Some of thefe mountains, par-
ticularly the Cumberland, or Great-
Lanrel Ridge, are' the moft ftupendous
) piles in the United States. They
abound with ginfeng and coal. The
caverns and caicades in thefe moantains
are innumerable. The Enchanted Moun-
taioi about two miles fouth of Brafs
Town, is famed for the curioiities on its
rocks. ' There are on feveral rocks a
number of impreflions refembling the
tracks of turkies, bears, herfes, and
human beings, ae vifible and perfeSt as
they could be made on fnow or fand.
The latter were iemarkal)le for having
uniformly iix toes each ; one only ex-
cepted, which 8'>jeared to be the print
of a negro's foot. By this we muft
fuppofe the originals to have been the
progeny of Titan or Anak. One of
thcie tracks wa 1 veiy large, the length
of the foot i4 mches, the diftanre of
the extremes of the outer toes 1 3 inches,
theprov^nate breadth behind the toes 7
inches, thc'diimeterof the heel-hall 5.
One of the horfe tracks was likewife of
an uncommon iize, the tranfverfe and
conjugate diameters, were * by io inch-
es ; perhaps the horfe which the Great
Warrior ro<ie. What appears the moft
in favour of their being the real trnck s t/f
the animals they reprefent, is the cir-
cum(^ance of a horle's toot having' ap-
partntly. flipped feveral inches, and re-
covered again, and the figures having
ail the fame diieftion, like the trail of a
TEN
company en a jonnwy. If it bea liijks
nalur^e, the old dame never ftiottcd
more f-rioofly; If the operatkn of
chance, perhaps there was never nnore
apparent dcfign. If it were done by
art, it might be to perpetuate the re*
membrance of ibme remarkable event
of war, or engagement' fought <m the
ground. The vaft heaps of ftones near
the place, faid to be tombs of warriors
(lain in battle, feem to favour the fop-
gifition. The texture of the jock* is
ft. The part on which the fon had
the greateft influence, and which was
the moft indurated, could eaftlybecut
wdth a knife, and appe?red to be of the
nature of the pipe ftone. Some of the
Cherokees entertain an (pinion that it
always rains when any |)erfon vifits tlie
place, as if fympathetic nature wept at
the recollc£lion of the dreadful cataf.
trophe which thole fig ^-es were intend.,
ed to commemorate. The principal
towns are Knoxville, the feat of go-
vernment, Nafliville, and Joneft)orough,
l)e(i(les 8 other towns, which ate as ye^
of little importance. In 1791, the
number of inhabitants was eliimated at
35,69s. In November, 1795, the num-
ber hsd increafed to 77,i6x perfons.
The foil is luxm'iant, and will afford
every produfticn, the growth of any of
the United States. The ufual crop of
cotton is Soolbs. to the acre, of a long
and fine ftaple ; and of corn, from 69
to 80 bufliels. It is afilrted, howevr^
that the lands on the i'mall rivtirs, that
empty into the Miftiiippl, have a decid-
ed preference to thoie on Cumberland
river, for the produflion of carton. rir«.
and indigo. Of rrees, the generaj
growth is poplar, hickory, black and
white walnut, all kinds of oaks, buck-
eye, beech, fycamore, black and honey
locuft, afti, horn-beam, elm« mulbeny,
cherry, dogwood, laA'afras, poppaw,
cucumber tree, and the I'ugar tree.
The undergrowth, efpecially on low
lands, is cane.} fome of whidi are up-
wards of so feet high, and io thick as^
to prevent any other plant from grow,
ing. Of herbs, roots, and iluubs, there
are Virginia and Seneca fnakeroot, gin*
feug, angelicat fpice-wood. wild plum,
crab-apple, fwcet annife, red-bud, gin-
ger, Ipikenard, wild hop and grape
vines. The glades are covered with
wild rye, wild oats, clover, buffaloe
^ral's, ftrawbeiTies and pea-vinei!» On
tlue
in
TEN
tfitf hH1«« at the h^ of rhrert, Mid
in fomc high cliffs of Cumbciiand, are
^nd majeftic red ■ cedart | many* of
thefe are four fieet in diameter, atid 40
feet clear of liaabe . The animal* are
iiich aa »« fiwnd in the neiEhbourtag
State*. The rivera ai% well ftockcd
with all kinds of frefli water fifli }
among which arc trout perch, cat-fiih,
buffiiloe* fifli, red.borfe, eel»« Sec. Some
cat.fifli have been caught which weigh-
ed upwards of 100 poundst the weft-
cm waters being more clear and pure
than the eaftcm rivers, the fiih are in
the fame degi-ee more firm and favory
to the tatte. The climate is temperate
and healthful ; the fummers are very
cool and pleafant in that part which is
contiguous to the mountains that divide
~ this State from N. Carolina : but on the
wellem fide of the Cumberland Moun-
tains the heat is more intenfe, which
renders that part better calculated for
the produfiioir of tobacco, cotton and
indigo. Lime-ftone it common on
both fides <^f Cumberland Mountain.
There are no ftagnant waters} and
this is certainly one of the reafons why
the uiiiabitants are not affli£led with
tho(ii bilious and intermitting fevers,
which are fo frequent and otten fatal,
near the fame latitude on the coaft of
the ibutbem States. Whatever may
be the caufes, thcinhabitants have been
remarkably healthy iince they fettled
on the water* of Cumberland river.
The country abounds with mineral
ipringft. Salt licks are found in many
parts of the country. [See Campbtlft
Salines.'] Iron ore abounds in the dif-
triAs of Wafhingtou and Hamilton, and
line ftreams to put iron-works in ope-
ration. Iron ore was lately ilifcovered
vpon the fouth of Cumberland river,
about ?o miles below Nafhville, and a
furnace is now erecting. Several lead
mines have been difcovered, and one
en French Broad has been worked j the
ore produced 75 per cent in pure lead.
. The Indians fay that there are rich fd-
ver mines in Cumberland Mountain, but
cannot be tempted to difcover any of
them to the-white people. It is faid
that gold has been found here ; but the
mine from which thit metal was ex>
trailed is now unknown to the white
people. Ores and fprings ftrongly
iniprt'gnated with fnlphur are found
in various parts. Saltpetre caves
TEN
m
-are numerous t and in flie courfe of
the year 1790, fcveral tons of fait-
nctre wen fent to the Atlantic markets.
This country fumiflws all the valuahla
articles of the foutheri)^ States. Fine
w^ggwiTi and Ouldle horiea, beef ca^»
ginfeng» deer-ikins and fun, cotton*
hemp, Kid flay, may be traafported by
land f aUb iroMy lumber, pork and flour
may bcexportrd in great quantities, mm
that the navigation of the MiflSfippI ia
opened to the citissn* of the United
States. But few of the inhabitants <niif
derftand commerce,, or are pof&flixi of
proper capitals ( ■ of courfe it is as yet
but badly manaeed. However* being
now an independent State, it is to be
hoped that tne eyes of the people wilt
foon be opened to their true mtereft,
and agriculture, commerce and mauu-
faSurcs will each receive pr^p attain
tion. The Prefb^terians are the pre-
vailing denomination of Chriftians) ia
1788, they had ^3 large congxegat!oos»
who were then fuppUed by <M>ly 6 tai-
nifters. There are alio fome Baptifts aud
Methodifts. The inhalntants have pail
great attention to tlie intercfts of £c»>
ence 1 befides private fchools, there ara
3 colleges eftabliflicd by law} Green-
ville in Green's co. Blount ^ Knoxvillcy
and WaOiington in the county of that
name. Here is likewife a '* Society for
promoting Ufeful Knowledge." A taftc
for literature is daily incieafing. The
inhabitants chieflyemigrated from Penn-
fylvania,. and that part of Virginia that
lies weft of the Blue Ridge. The ancef-
tors of thefe people wcie generally of
the Scotch nation) (bme of whom emi*
grated 6i'lt to Ireland, and from thence
to America. A few Germans and Eng-
lish are intermixed. In 1788, it was
thought here were ao white perfon* to
one negro ; and the difproportion is
thought tp be far greater now. This
country was included in the ad charter
of king Charles II. to the prQprtetors of
Carolina. In a fubfcquent divifion, it
made a part of N. Carolina. It waseit-
plored about the year 1745, and fettled
by about 50 families in 1 7 S4 * who were
foon after driven off or deftroyed by the
Indians. Its fettlcmcnt re- commenced
in 1765- The firft permanent Ipttlement
took place near Lung-Kland of Holllon,
and upon Wataugi, about 1774.} ard
the §ift appearance oi any ptrfons from
it, Lu the public couticilti of N. Carolina,
WiU
$4» tMt$
Wu in the id^fention df that State lA
177^. In the year 17804 a party of about
#0 familie*, tinder tlie gtiidance and
direAien of James Robertfon, (fince
Mrit. Gen. Robertibn of Mera diftriA)
pafled through a wiMerneni of at leaft
300 miles to the French Lick, md thette
founded Nafliville. Theirneareft neighs
boars were the fettlers of the infiint State
of Kentucky, between whom and them,
Mras a wildernefs of «oo miles. From
the year 1784, to 1788, the goremnient
cf N. Carolina over this country was in>
l^rrupted by the aflumed State of Frank-
land } but ill the year 1789, the people
icturned to their allegiance. In 1789,
N. Carolina ceded this territory to the
United States, on certain conditions,
•nd Congrefs provided for its govern-
ment. A convention was held at Knox-
viUe, in 1796, and'on the 6th of Feb.
the comftitation of the State of Tennef-
fee was ligned by every member of it.
Its principles promife toenfurethehap-
E'nefs and proiperity of t he <people. The
iltfwing are the diftances on the new
road ftvm Nafhville in Davidfon co. t»
Fort Campbell, near the jun6tion of Hol-
Iton with the Tenmflee. Miles.
From Nafliville to Stoney -river
Big Spring
Cedar Lick
Little Spring . -
Barton's Creek
Spring Creek >
Martin's Spring
Blair's Spriiig
Buck Spring
Fountaines -
Smith's Creek
Coney River
Mine Lick . -
Falling Creek
War Path
Bear Creek
Camp Creek
King's Spring
Grorel's Creek
The foot of Cumb.Mount.
Through the mountain
to Emmery's river, a
branch of the Pelelbn
To the Pappa Foi-d of the
Felcfon or Clinch river
To Campbell's Station
near Holftein
To the Great Iflnnd
To Abingdon in\Va(h.co.
To RicliinoHd in Virginia
Total
9
6
4
6
4-
S
5
5
I*
8
6
II
9
9
7
18
8
16
7
2
II
1%
10
100
Tif tifif liew road, a pleiAnit pit^^
may be had to the weAem country with
carfiages, as there wiH be only the
Cumberland mountain to pafs, and tliac
is eafy of afcent j and beyond it, th«
road is geneirally levetand firm, abound,
ing with fine iprings of water. The
Indian tribes within and in the Viciaitr
of this State are the Cherokees and
Chickafaws.
Ten SAW, a fettlement near Mobile
Bay, inhabited by 90 American families^
that have been Spanifli fubjeAs fince
1783.
TiowBMiaTA Cretk, runs fontherly
about a8 miles, then wefterly 6 miles,
and empties into Alleghany river about
18 mil«8 from its mouth, and nearly 5
below the Hickory town.
Tbpeasa, a town of Mexico. See
Angehs.
Tequajo, or Tttjuasj a province of
Mexico, according to fome SpaniAi
travellers, being about lat. 37. where
they found 16 villages.
Tequepa, a part of the coaft of
New.Mexico, about 18 leagues N. Vf\
of Acapulco.
TEq^ERY Bay, on the fbuth-eaft
part of the coatt of the ifland of Cuba,
between Cape Cruiz, and Cape Maizi,
at the eaft end. It affords good anchor-
age and Ihelter for ftiips, but is not
much frequented.
TzKm\iK,LagimayOtLakeof7idest
lies at the bottom of the Gulf of Cam-
peachy, in the fouth-weft part of the
Gulf of Mexico. It is within Triefte
and Beef Ifland, and Port Royal Ifland,
The tide runs very hard in, at moft of
(lie channels between the iiland} hence
the name.
Terra Blanca, a town of Mexico.
See Angelas.
Terra de Latratim, that is, the
Ploughman or Labourer's Land, the
name given by the Spaniards to Labra-
dor or New-Britain, inhabited by the
Efquimaux.
Terra del Fuego Ifland,^ ttti Land of
Fire, at the fouth extamity of S. Ame-
rica, is feparated from the main on the
N. by the Straits of Magellan, and con-
tains about 4a,oop fqiiare miles. Thia
is the largeft of the iilands foutli of the
Stiaits, and they receive this name on
account of the vatt fires and fmoke
which the firft dilcoveries of them per-
ceived. The ifland of S^aten Land liea
I 01; the ealh They are all barren and
mountainous }
TBH
vwuntainoas t but there have been fotind
ftveral (brts of trees and planti, and a
variety of birdi on the lower grminda
and iflmde that are flieltered by the
hills. Here wtt found Winter*s bark,
and a fpeeies of arbutus which has a
very well tafted red fruit of the fize of
{null cherries. Plenty of cellery is found
in fome places) and the rocks are cover-
ed whhvery line mufcles. A fpecies of
duck as large as a goofe, and called the
loggerhead duck at the Falkland IHands,
is here met with, which beats the water
with its wings and feet, and runs along
the Tea with inconccivahie vdociry ;
and th'^re are alfo geefe and /a) cons.
Tbrra FiRMA, or CafiUe del Ore,.
the moft northern province of S. Ame-
rica^ 1,400 miles in length, and 700 in
breadth} iituated between the equator
and la N. lar. and between 60 an^ Sa
W. long, bounded N. by the N. Atlan-
tic Ocean, here called the North Sea, E.
by the fame ocean and Surinam, S. by
Aniaaonia and Pern, and W. by the H.
Pacific Ocean. It is called Terra Firma
from being the firtt part of the continent
diicovered bv the Spaniards, and is di-
vided into Terra Firma Proper, or I^
rien, Carthi^^iena, St. Martha, Venezu-
ela, Comana, Paris, New Granada, and
Popayan. The chief towns are Porto
Bello, Panama, Carthagena, and Popay-
an. The principal bays of this pro-
vince in the Pacific Ocean, are thole of
Panama and St. Michael, in the North
Sea,PortoBello,Sino,Guiara,&c. The
chief rivers are the Darien, Chagre, San-
ta, Maria, Conception, and Oronoko.
The climate here, efpecially in the
northern parts, is extremely hot and
fnltry daring the whole year. From the
month of May, to the end of Nov. the
ieafon called winter by the inhabitants,
is almofl a continual liiccefllon of thun-
der, rain and tempefts, the clouds pre-
cipitating the rain with Aich impetuofi-
ty, that the low lands exhibit the ap-
pearance of an ocean. Great part of
the country is confequently flooded ;
and this, together withthe exceflive heat,
fo impregnates the earth with vapours,
that m many provinces, particularly
aboyt Popayan and Porto Bello, the air
is extremely unwholefome. The ibil of
this cottntiy is very diflPerent, the inland
parts being very rich and fertile, and
the coafts I'andy and barren* It is im-
poifible to view without admiration, the
T £ It ^
popctual verdure f tiM %Mill» tli»
luxuriancyof the plains, and thetowtr-
ing height of the m«mitfiinl« fTMHf
country produces com, fugar» t«IMito^
Sec. and fruits of all kinds.> This part ,
of S. AmericuwasdifcoveredbyCotoM*
bus in his third voyage to America* It
was fttbdued and fettled by the S|«M*
ard s about the year 1514., after deftr^-
ing, with gireat inhumanity, Iberal Uth"
lions of the natives.
Terra Firma PrefeTf ot ZWw»,ar
fubdivifion of Terra Firma. Chief townt^
Porto Bello, and Panama. See Darien^
TzKiLK Mageliamca. 9tt PautgOMim.
Terra NU^a.ntax Hudfon's Straits^
is in lat. 61. 4. N. and long. 67^ W»
high water, at full and change, a little
before 10 o'clock.
TERRITORY UwthWtfi rf tbit
Ohroyot Ntrtb-Wefttm Tirtinry, ahtt«g«
part of the United States, is fitnated-be.
tween 37 and 50 N. lat. and betweeift
8 J. 8. and 98. 8. W. long. Itsgreateft
I length is about 900 miles ^and its breadth
700. This extenfive tra& of country i»
bounded north by part of the northern
boundary line of the United States | eafl
by the lakes and Pennfylvania } fonth l>y
the Ohio river; weft b> the MilTifippi.
Mr. Hutcbins, the late geographer of
the United States, eftimates that thia
traSi contains 263,0^0,000 acr^, of
which 431,040,000 are water } this de-
du£ied, there will remain «ae,ooo>oo»
of acres, belonging to the Federal Go-
vernment, to be fold for the difcharge of
the national debt ; except a narrow ftrfp
of land bordering on the fouth ^ Lskt
Erie, and ftretching 120 mile4 weft of
the weftemlimitof Pennfylvania, which
belongs to Connecticut. But a Imalt
portion of thefe lands is yet purchafed
of the natives, and to be difpofed of by
Congrefs. Beginning on the meridian
line, which forms the weftern houndary
of Pennfylvania, feven ranges of town-
(hips have been fnrveyed and laid off by
order of Congrels. As a north and
fouth line ftrikes the Ohio in an oblique
dire6lion, the termination of the 7th
range falls upon that river, 9 miles above
the Muflcingum, which is the firft large
river that falls into the Ohio. It forms
this junction 17a miles below Fort Pitt,
including the windings of the Ohio,
though, m a direft line, it is but 90
miles. That part of this territory in
which the Indian title is octinguiflied,
and
1
5H
TER
and wMck It f«ttIiiH| under the govern-
OMntof th« United Statett it divided
into five counties as followt t
Cmmtits, Wbtutrtetd,
Wafliington, S7S8 July a6th«
IfamiltOD, 1790 Jan. sd.
St. Clair» 1790 April <7th.
Knox, 1793 June soth.
Wayne* 1796.
Time counties have been organised
with the proper civil and military oflS-
cers. The county of St. Clair ii divid-
ed into three diftriAs, viz. thediftriA of
Cahokia> the diAriA of Prairie-du-ro-
Chen, and the diftrift of Kaikaflcias.
Courts of general quarter fefiiona of the
peace, country courts of common pleas,
and courts of pi-obate, to be held in
CAchof thefe diftriAs, as if each was a
sUftmft county I tne officers of the
county to aft by deputy, except in the
diftria where they refide. The princi-
pal rivers in this territory are Muflcin-
Emtt Hockhocking, Sciota, Great and
Ittle Miami, Blue and Wabalh, which
empty into the Ohio) Au Vafe, Illi-
aois, Ouifconfing, and Chippeway,
which pay tribute ,to the Miilinppi,
befides a number of fmalier ones. St.
I«wis, Kennomic, St. Jofcph's, Bar-
hue, Grand, Miami of the Lakes, San-
duflcy, Cayahoga, and many others
which pafs to the lakes. Betvirecn the
Kaikadcias and Illinois rivers, which
are 84 miles apart, is an extenfive traA
of level, rich land, which terminates
in a high ridge, about 1 5 miles before
you reach the Illinois river. In thii
delightful vale, are a mimlier of French
vilhges, which, toother with thofi: of
St. Genevieve, and St. Louis, on the
weftem fideof th« MiffiAppi, contained,
in 1771, IS73 fencible men. The
number of fouls in this large trafl of
country, has not been aicertained. From
the beft data the author has received,
tlie population may be eftimated, five
) :'Ts^go, as follows t
TER
Jlrought ever 7s,e<}d
KaflcaikiasandCahokia, 6to i70«i
At Grand Ruifleau,vil- j
lege of St. Philip, and V 440 do^
Prairie>du-rochcrs« j
Indians, (Aippofell 65,000
OhioCompanypurchafe, i,'oo
Col.Symmes'feitlements, «,ooq
Galliopolis, (French 1
fetrlements) oppolke > 1,000
the Kan ha wy river, j
Vincennes and its vici
nitv, on the Wabafli
1791.
do.
do.
do.
* f >»50o do.
Carry over 71,000
Total 7at9ao
In 1 79o« there were in the town of Vin^
cennes, about 40 American families and
31 flaves, and on the Miflifippi, 49
American families and 73 ilaves, all in^
eluded in the above cftimate. On the
Spanifli or weftem fide of the Midi-
fippi, theix werei in 1790, about 1800
fouls, principally at Genevieve, and St.
Louis. The lands on the various rivers
which water this territory, are inter-
fperfed with all the variety of foil
which conduces to plcafantnels of iitua-
tion, and lays the foundation for the
wealth of an agricultural and manufac'*
turing people. Large level bottoms,
or natural meadows, from so to 50
miles in circuit, are found bordering
the rivers, and variegating the country
in the interior parts. Thefe afford n
rich a foil as can be imagined, ant
may be reduced to proper cultivation
with very little labour. The prevailing
growth of timber, and the moft ufeful
trees, are maple or fugar-tree, fycamcre,
black and white mulberry, black and
white walnut, butternut, chefunt} white,
black, Spanifli, and chefnut oaks, hic-
kory, cherry, buckwood or horfe chef-
nut, honey-locuft, elm^ cucumber trees,
lynn tree, gum tree, iron wood, afli,
afpin, faflafras, crab-apple tree, paupaw
or cuftard apple, a variety of plum trees,
nine bark fpice, and leather wood buflies.
White and black oak, and chelhut,
with moft of the above-mentioned tim-
bers, grow large and plenty upon the
high grounds. Both the high and low
lands produce great (Quantities of natural
grapes of various ktnds, of which the
iettters univerlally make a fufficiency
for their own conlumption, of rich red
wine. It is afl'erted in the old fettle-
ment of St. Vincent, where they have
had opportunity 4o try it, that age will
render this wine preferable to moft of
the European wines. Cotton is faid to
be the natural produflion of this coun-
try, and to grow in great perfe£Uon.
The fugar maple is the mon valuable
tree, for an inland country. Any num-
ber of inhabitants may be forever fup-
plicd with a fuilicieiicy of fugar, by pre-
fsrving
IkrviAg ft'feW trees for the life of each
family. A tree will yield about ten
|K>uiult of fugar a year, and the labour
is very trifling. Springs of excellent
vrater abound itt tnia territory ^ ami
Anall and large ftnnm«, for niilli and
"Other purpoles, are a^luatly interiperfed,
at if by art, that there be no deficiency
in any of the convenicncies of life.
Very little wafte land in to be found iti
^ny part of thtstrafl of country'. There
are no fwamps but fiKh at may be rea-
dily drained, and made into arable and
meadow land ; and though the hills are
'frequent, they are gentle, and fwclling
4W where high or incapable of tillage.
They are of a deep rich foil, covered
with a heavy growth of timber, and
well adapted to the produ£lionof wheat,
rye, indigo, tobacco, &c. The com-
inunication between this country and
the fea, will be principally in the 4 fol-
lowing dire6lions : i . The route through
^he Scioto and Muflcingum to Lake
Erie, and fo to the river Htidfon ; de-
Icrihed under New- York head. s. The
paflTage up the Ohio and Monongahela
to tlie portage above mentioned, which
tads to the pavigable waters of the Pa-
towmack« This portage is 30 miles, and
will probably be rendered much lefs by
the executicii of the plans now on foot
for opening the navigation of thofe wa-
ters. 3. The Great '^Kanhaway, which
falls into the Ohio from the Virginia
ihore, between the Hockh<Kking and
the Scioto, n^ens an extenlive naviga-
tion from the (burh-eaft, and leaves but
38 miles portage from the navigable wa-
ters of James* river, in Virginia. This
tcommimication, tor the country between
Muflcingum aud Scioto, will probably
be more ufed than any other for the ex-
portation of nanufa^ures, and other
light and valuable articles, andefpeciaU
Jy, for the importation of foreign com-
modities, which may be brought from
the Chcfapeak to the Ohio much cheap-
er than they are now carried from Phi-
ladelphia to CarliAe, and the other
thick tirt'led back counties of Pcnnfyl-
vania •. ; . But the cunent down the
Ohio -and Atifniippi, for heavy articles
Ihat fuit the Florida and Welt-India
znarkets, fach as corn, flour, beef, lum-
• A gentleman of much obfervation, and
a grejt traveller in this country, is of opi-
nion that this csiumunication, or xeute| is
■ehineikaL
f ber, Art. will be more frequently IM*
ed than any flreanu on earth. Tilt
dittance from the Scioto to the Miilifip-
pi, is 800 miles { from thence to the fea»
is 900. This whole courfe is eafily rna
in I s days { and the paiTage up thoft
rivers i* not Co difficult as has ul'ually
been reprdbnted. It is found, by lata
experiments, that fails are ufed to greab
advantage againft the current of th«
Ohio } and it is worthy of oblervations
that in all probability fteam boats wiU
be found to do infinite fervice in all our
extenfive river navigation. No coun«
try is better flocked with wild gam*
of every kind. . The rivers are well
flored with fifh of Various kinds, and
many of them are of an excellent
quality. They are generally large,
though of different fizes } the cat-fifh,
which is the largeff, ahd of a delicious
flavour, weighs from. 6 to 80 pounds*
The number of old forts, found in this
weftem country, are the admiration of
the curious, and a matter of much fpe^.
culation. They are moftly of an oblong
form, fituated on ftrong, well chofeii
ground, and 'contiguous to water.
When, by whom, and for what purpofe,
thefe were thrown up, is uncertain.
They are undoubteilly very ancient, at
there is not the leaft vifible di^erence in
the age or fize of the timber growing on
or within thefe forts, and that which
grows without ; and the oldeft natives
have loft all tradition refpefling them.
The pofts eftablifhed for the prote^ioa
of the frontiers, and their fituation, may
be fcen on the map. By an ordinancs
of Congrefs, paflTed on the j 3th of July,
1787, this country, for the purpofes of
temporary government, was ereifed in.
to onediltrilft, fubjeft, however, toadi-
vifion, when circumftancesfhallmake it
expedient. The ordinance of Congrefs
of July 13th, I787,article 5th, provides
that there fhall be formed in this terri-
loiy, not lefs than three, nor more than
five States ; and the boundaries of the
States (hall become fixed and eftablifhed
as follows, viz. the weftern State in the
faid territory fhall be bounded on the
Mifniippt, the Ohio and Wabafh rivers i
a direft line dra- n from the Wabgfh
and Poll Vincents due north to the ter-
ritorial line between the United States
and Canada, and by the faid territorial
line to the Lake of the Woods and Mil;,
lifippi. The middle State ihall be
M ra bounded
^4* TER
bounded by the Taid direft linei tbt Wa-
baflt it' m Poft Vincents to the Ohio }
by the Ohio by a direft line drawn due
Morth fi om the mou h ot the Great Min-
•ni to the faid territorial line, ■md by
the faid territorial line. The eaftern
State (hall he houndtii by the Uft men-
tioQed d r«Ck Hue, the Ohio, Pennfylva-
nia, and the laid tcrritorinl line ; Provid-
ed however, and it is further under
ftood and declared, that the boundaries
of the'e 3 States fhaU be I'uhjeft to tar to
be altered, that if Conerefs hereafter
ftall find it expedient, tncy (hall have
authority to form x or » States^ in that
part of the faid territory which lies N.
of an E. and W". line drawn through the
Iburh. rly b* nd or extreme of Lake Mi-
chigan } and when any cf the faid States
fluill have 6o,oqo free inhabitants there-
in, Aieh ^tate fhall be admitteii by its de-
legates into the Congreis of the United
States, on an equal footing with th? ori-
ginal States.inskllrelpe£fe« whatever! :■ A
iiull be at liberty to form a permanent
jBonftitution and State goverment ; pio*
vidrd the conltitution and government
. fi> to be formed ihall be repimlioan, and
in conformity to the principles contain-
•d in thefe articles ; and fo far as itVan
be confiftent with the geneial intcreft of
the confederacy, fuch admiflionfhall be
allowed at an earlier period, and- when
there may be a lefs number of free in-
habitants in the State> than 60,000.
Cee the Map. The fettlemw* of t'.is
country l^as been checked, for ieveral
years paft, by the unhappy Indian war,
an amicable termination of which took
place on the 3d of Augult, 1795* when
a treaty was formed at Grenville, be-
tween Major Gen. Anthony Wayne, on
the part of the United States, and the
"Chiefs of the following tribes of Indians,
viz. the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawa-
noet, Ottawas, Chippewas, Putawa-
times, Miamis, £el river, Weeas, Kick-
apous. Plan 'Kafliaws and Kalkalkias..
By the third' article of this treaty, the
Indians cede to the United States, for a
valuable confideration, all lands lying
caftward and fouthward of a line « be-
ginning at the mouthof Cayahcga river,
and running thence up the fume to the
portage between that and the Tiilca-
rawas branch of the Mufkingum ; thence
down that branch to the crofling place
above Fort Lawrence ; thence wtftcrly
to a fork of that branch of the great
T E S
Miami riverf running hto the OKidi
where commences the portage between
the Miami of the Ohio, ami St. Mary's
river, which is a branch cf the Miami
of the lake ; thence a wellerly courle to
Fort Recovery , which (lands on a branch
of the Waba(h, then fouth-welie ly in a
direft line to the Ohio, fo as to inttricft
th»t river oppofite the mouth of Ken.
tuoky or Catawa river." Sixteen trafts
ot land of 6 »iui 11 miles fquare, inter-
fperfed at convenient diftances in the In-
(iian country, were, by the fame treaty,
ceded to the United States, fir the con-
venience of keeping up a friendly and
beneficial intercourfc between' the par-
ties. The United States, on their part,
'* rel'.nquilh. their claims to all other In-
dianslands northward of the river Ohio,
eailward of the Miflifippi, and weftward
and fouthward of the Great Lakes and.
the water«'unit iag them, according to the
I'oundary line agreed on by the United*
States and the king of Great -Brit.iin, in
the tveaty of peace made between thrni
in the year 17S3. But from this lelin-
' quilhinent, by the United States, thi f< !-
lowine trafts of land are explicitly ex-
cepted, iff. The traft of 1.50,000 acres
near the rapids-of the Ohio river, which
i has been afligned to Gen..Claik, for the
lU'e of himfelf and his war iors. id. The
)H>(f of St. Vincents on the river Wabafli,
and the lands adjacent} of which the
Indian title has been extinguilhed. 3d.
The land at all other plares^in poiTeflion
of the French people and other white
fettlers among them, of which the In-
dian title hasr been extinguifhed, as
mentioned in the third article;, and 4th.
The pod of Fort Maflac, towards the
mouth of the Ohio. To which feveral
parcels of land ib excepted, the laid
tribes rdinquifh all the title and claim
which they or any of them may have.'^'
Goods to the value of ao,coo dblls^.were
delivered the Indians at the' time this
treaty was made; and goods to th«-
amount of 9^500 dolls. at firft cod in the
U. States, are to be delivered annually to
the Indians at fome convaiient place
northward of the Ohio. A trade has been
opened, fince this treaty,, by a lawof Cun-
grefs, with the fcrementioned tribes of
Indians, on a liberal footing, which pro-
miles to give permanency to this treaty,
und fecurity to the frontitr inhabitants.
Testigos, iilands near the coalf of
New An(ialulia*.in Terralkmii, on this.
foufch.
THE
ISittth CMit of the Curibbem €«i, tn the
Weft-Indiei. Several fmall iflande At
<h« eaft end of the Mand of Margarita
lie between that ifland and thofe called
Teftigoi. N.lat. II.6.W. Iong.61.4,8.
Tbtbroa Harbour, ontheWMv of
the ifland of Ulietes, one of the Society
Iflamls. S. lat. 16. ;i.W.long. 151.1-;.
_ Tethuroa, an ifland in the S. Pa-
xiflc Ocean, about 24 miles from Point
Venus in the ifland ot Otaheite. S. iat.
17. 4. W. long. 149. 30.
TETZEUco,abrackifli lake in Mexi-
co. See Mexico.
TiusHANusHsoNo-GOGHTA, an
Indian village on the northern bank of
Alleghany river, in Pennfylv^nia, 5
tniUs north of the fouth line of the State,
and 14 E. S. E. of Chatoughqtie Lake.
Tewksbury, called by the Indians,
IVameJit, or PawUkett, a tovmfliip of
Maflachultittti, Middlci'ex co. on Con-
cord I iver, near its junflion virith Merri>
mack river, 14 miles northerly of fiof-
ton. It was incorporated in 1734, and
contains 958 inhabitants.
Tbwksbury, a townfltipof New-
Jerfey, Hunteirdon co. The townfliips
of Lebanon, Readington, and Tewkf-
bury contain 4,370 inhabitants, indud-
ingi68 flaves.
Thames River, in ConneAicut, is
formed by the union of Shetucket and
Little, or Norwich rivers, at Norwich
Landing, to which place it is navigable
for velTels of confiderable burden \ and
thus far the tide flows. From this place
the Thames (.urfties a foutherly courfe
>4 miles, palling by New- London on
its weft bank, and empties into Long-
Ifland Sound ; forming the fine harbour
.of New-London.
Thatcher's Ifland, lies about a
mile eaft of the fouth-eaft point of Cape
Ann, on the coalt of Mafl'achufetts, and
forms the northern limit of Mafl'achu-
fetts Bay } and has % iight-houfcs. Cape
Ann light-houl'e lies in lat . 43 . 3 6 . north,
^nd Idng. 70. 47. weft.
Theakiki, the Pittem head water
of liliiiois river, rifes about 8 miles S.
of Fort St. Jofeph. After running thro'
'rich and level lands, about tii miles,
it receives Plein river in lat. 41. 48. N.
and from thence the confluent ftream
aflumes the name of Illinois. In I'ome
maps it is called Huakita.
' THETFORD.atownfliipin thefouth-
*|ift cblrricr of Orange CO. Vermont, on
mo 9^
the wdlem bank of ConncAkut riva^
about 10 miles north of DartnToutl\
College, and contains 86 a inhabitants.
Thomas's Ba^, on the W. coaft of
the ifland of Antigua. It affords lone
fhelter from the S. and S. B. winds.
Thomas ^nd, St. or the Da$itt
^nd, is the largeft and moft northerly
of the Virgin Iflands, in the Weft-In-
dies, and is about 9 miles long and f
broad. It has a fandy foil and is badly
watered, but enjoys a confiderable trade^
efpecially in time of peace, in the con-
traband way) and privateers in time of
war fell their prizes here. A large bat* .
tery has been ereAed for its dciencoa
mounted with 20 pieces of cannon. N,
lat. 18. as.W. long. 64.51. Ithasafaf*
and commodious harbour, and lies about
30 miles eaft of the ifland of Porto Rico.
Thomas Jfland, St. on the wef> coaft
of New-Mexico. N. lat. 10. 10. weft
long. 113. 5.
Thomas, St. a town of Guiana in 8.
America, fituated on the banks of tb 1
Oroonoko. N. lat.75.'W. long. 6s. 36.
Thomas, Port St. a harbour of the
bay of Honduras, on the Spanifli Main %
from which goods are fhipped to £u«
rope.
Thomas, St. the chief town of New.
Andaluiia, or Paria, in the northern di*
vifion of Terra Firma.
Thomas, St. a parifli of Charlefton
diftriA, in S. Carolina. It contains 3,836
inhabitants { of whom 197 are whites^
and 3,405 flaves.
Thomastown, a poft-town of the
Diftri£l of Maine, Lincoln co. on the
weft flde of Penobfcot B'<y, and about
4 leagues from Franklin Ifland, at th«
moutn of the river St. George, which
divides this town from Warren and
Cufliing, to the weft ward. A conflder*
able river in the fouth-eaft part of tha
townfhip is c&iied Wtflbweflgeeg. From
the hill of Madambettocks may be iten,
iflands and lands to a great diftance j
and near it there is thought to be plenty
of iron ore ; but no attempts have
been made toafcertain its quality. The
grand Naples of Thomaftown are lime
and lumber. Limeftone is very com-
mon, and fpot-s of land, or rather rock»
of fix rods fquare, are frequently fold
for 100 dollars. There are now about
35 kilns ere£led, each of which, on an
average, will produce 200 fifty gallon
caflcs, Thefe kilns, if burD(.d only
M m a three
54B
THO
thrat tt«tttt '• year, (Aiough manjr ara
flv« or fix times) will tnrnifh about
•iioeo caOu) whkli nc«t» ittcr •!! aaip
Iteniet, about 6 fltiUing a calk. Too
mucli attimtton being paid to thia bufi>
neis, prtventa a due cultivation of the
lantis. Thtre arc now ownad on the
Tiver i« U-ig«» Ichooncri, and floopi,
•qual to about i,ioo toot, employed in
foreign an<( Icoathng voyages. On the
river, and its iieverarftrcams, are a num-
kcr of tide and other grilt and law
mills, which atfoid great profit to their
owneis. A fart with a number of can-
non,and a i-ectilar garrilonof provincialsi
was former^ ftationed about 5 miles
below the head of the tide. Few veftigcs
iof the fort now remain { but in place
of it an elegant building was ereAed in
1794, by the Hon. Henry Knox. Efq.
The rettleiiicnt of Thomaftown began
about 1710, in 1777 it was incorporat-
ed, in 1790 it contuim-d Sot inhabitants ;
■nd K was computed to contain in
X796 above l,xoo. There are here no
public fchools cunllantly kept, though
there are feveral private ones through-
out the year. There are two churches,
the one for Baptifts, who are the moil
numerous, and (he other for Congrega-
tionaliftg. Here is alfo a fecial libi-ary.
The c'^mpafl part of the town is 7 miles
foutherly of Camden, 7 ead of War-
ren, 39 N. E. by £. of Wifcaflfet, 21 5
N. E. of fiofton, and 564 N. E. of Phi-
ladelphia.
Thome, St. or St. Tbitnast a plain in
the centre df the ifl;ind of St. Domingo,
in the Weft-Indies, on the fouth fide of
the firft chain of the mountains of Ci-
bao, near which Artibonite river takes
its rife. It is contiguous to the north of
that of St. John of Maguana. The fort
of St. Thomas was ert£ted here, near
th^-iiead of the Artibonite, by Chrifto-
pher Columbus to prote£l the mines
againft the Indians. There is now no
teftige of tho fort remaining.
Thompson, atownftiipot Windham
to. in the north-ealt corner of Connefti-
cut . having the town of Killin^ly en
the fouth, the Smte of Rhode-ifland
caft, and that of Maflachuiistts on the
north } from which laii it receives Qu^i-
nabaiig awl Five-mile rivers.
T:!''i'iC.\NOS, a fmall river of the
N • W. Territoiy, which runs fouthward
to W.thalh river, into which it enters a
ftw nulc* estftwanl of Ouixtanon.
T^HU
TjiotnroN, « townfiiip of Kc«^
HampOiire, in Grafton to. at the headi
iilMcrriinwBkjrlvfCi which coi)tain)i 385^
inhabitants. It was incoraorattd m
Tkoxjlousi, Portt on t|e S. coaft
of the illand of Captf Hreton, near t he
entrance of the Strait ot Fronfac or Can-
ib, lies between the gull called Litile
St. PclnfelKl the ifl.iiuls of St. Peter. It
wns formerly ^callicd Port 8t. Peter, and
is 60 miles weft of Gaharon Bay.
Thousand \fUt arc fituatcd in St.
Lawrence, or Iroquois |iver, a little
north of Lake Ontario.
Thousand Lakest a name given to
a grtat number ot fmall lakes near the
Mifltfippi, a little to the N. E. of St.
Francis river, which is about 60 milea
above St. Anthony's Falls. The conn-
try about thele lakes, though. but little
frequented, is the beft witiiin many
miles fur hunting \ as the hunter leldom
tails returning lo.tded bi'vorul his expec-
tation. Here the river MiiTifippi is not
above 90 yards wide. \
Three B* others, three iftands within
the river EiVequ^bo, on the £. coaft of
S. Am>>rlca.
Thr^e JJlandi Bay, or Harbour, on
the E. coaft of the iflandof St. Lucia,
in the Weft- Indies.
Three Points, Cape, on the coafl of
Guiana, in S.America. N. lat. 10. 38^
W. long. 61. 57.
Three R'wtrs, in Canada. See Trois
Rivieres.
Three Sifters, three fmall ifles on
the W. ftiore of Chelai>eak Bay, which
lie between Weft river and Parker's
ifland.
Thrum Cap, in the S. Pacific Ocean,
a fmail circular ifle, not more than a
mile in circumference, 7 leagues N. 6a*
W. from Lagoon illand. High water,
at full and change, between 11 and la
o'clock. S. lat. 18. 35. W. long. 139.
48.
Thule, Southern, an ifland in the S.
Atlantic Ocean, the moft foutherly land
ever difcovered ; htii'-n the tne name. S«'
lat. 59. 34. W. long. 17. 4.J,
Thurman, a townfliip in Wafliing-
ton coimty, New- York } taken from
Qiieenft)urg, and incorporated in 179Z.
Thunder Bey, in Lake Huron, lick
:^hout half way between Sagana Bay and
the N. W. comer of the lake; it is
about 4 milea acrolaeitlMK ««¥ i and i»
thu>
1. 4
WB99
jMbUMMx^/l^^. 4r eaa^.i^titir ■
/
u
bUMiMMirir'lqy'O' caV'.VMi^
■^!>
■^\[ lig,j \ K f^i0mKm»i§mit »» i i i WHup uM pn i. i ,ni i ~«»
•ifM
''■''^'',¥^.
.i*
4 i
■■*';'-.<
J-k
\\
4: t
'■"^
L:
■*4:,
' -^
■■•*?>*■
'I'
If?*-'"^-?!^-"
ifhus calledl
lieard then
TROOi
« iaf c ot
hnii, 8 le
riA
Ri'-tr.
"^ iAOG
aV -ut i5of
i-'ver. r
Tiber
runs routiu
iington, alii
river. Its^
le\ el of the
of wliicli, i
may be c<
houff, and
T13ER6
•n the S.W
Alia of the
forms the
Tiberon.
TiBERd
lage on the
St. Doming
the cape oit
Point Burg:
thiec-fburth
a river, faus
the weiteitj
ftamls on ^h
to its cou''!
leagues font
from Jeremi(
the road froi
in lat. i8, 2
5?.. 4.0. Vf.
l)°ron, froh> .
the fame yea
— 377»^ool'i
coffee-ri}}^
digo — ana i
able amount
exporfarioni
TlBHRbN
village abov
French, the
TiCCLE
•f NewfoHnc
Bonaventvna
Tickle ,
BritiOi (cam
bay of Tirr
Ditrien, at t
rocks, havir
landing. ■ 1
on one filc,_
.{the range 0:
"P«M
*WI^
*l..^
* k
%■
TIC
ithui called from the thunder frequently
lieard theix. •
lexico, is u roue;h head
the valley bftoVimi.
lA River. See Unadilla
In ancient Indian town,
ut sfo^ltfs up the Sviqiiehannah
river. 1 '
Tiber Cr^i^, a fmall ftieam which
runs foutiimiy Jhrough the city of Wafh-
ington, alld empties into Patowniac
river. Tr^lbuVceis a 36 feet above the
\t\ el of the tide in the ci eelc 5 the waters
of wliich, and thofe of Reedy Brunch,
may be (Conveyed to the Prefidcnt's
houff, and to the; capitol.
7'i3er6n, Cape, a round black rock
•n the S.V^. part of the ibuthern penin-
£ula of the iUand of St. Domingo, and
forms the' N. W, limit of the bay of
Tiberon.
■TiBER^N, or TibHrott, a bay and vil-
lage on tiie S. W. part of the ifland of
St. Domino. The bay is formed by
the capeofits name on the N. W. and
Point Burj^au on the.S. E. a league and
thicc-fburjhs apart. iTie ftream, called
a river, fafls in at the head of the bay, on
the weiteilB fide of the village ; which
ftands on jthe high road, and, accoi'ding
to its couffe along the fea fhore, 10
leagues foHthofCape DameMirie, 20
from Jeremie, and 32 by the winding of
the road from Les Cayes. The cape is
in lat. li, 20. 30. N. and in long. 7£.
5?.. 4.0. \y. The exports from Cape Ti-
beron, froin Jan, i, 1789, to Dec. 31, of
the fame j^ear, were icoolbs white liigar
— 377, Soolbsi brown fugar— Coo.ooilbs
coffeo— r-ii,67»!bs cotton— i,o881bs in-
digo — and fmall nificies to a confider-
able amount Total value of duties on
exportation, 1,4.65 dollars 76 cents.
Tib E RON, a fort, near the town or
village above mentioned ; taken by the
French, the, ». i^ Kf arch, ^795.
TivxhE Harbour, on the eaftcoaft
ef NewfoHndiand, filteen leagues from
Bonaventura Fort.
Ti c K LB Af(f Sickly, a name given by
Britifli Icamen to a fine, little, fapdy
bay of TIrni Firma, on the Ifthmus of
Darien, at the N. W. end of a reef of
rocks, having; good anchorage and I'afe
landing. ^ Tne extremity of the rocks
on one fi(let.^9n4 the Samballas Iflands
(the range of which begins from hence^ :
TIE .54^
on tlie other (ide, guard it from the fea^
and fo form a very good harbour. It
trmuch fimu iiimii Hiy m\m i A ** ni»>mi^ i m
TjCONn. "OGAyki the State of Ne««
Ydrk, built ny the-Preneh kiilte T«t« '-
1756, on the north fide of a penihfHla»
fv>rmrd by the confluence of the water*
iiluing from Lake George into Lake
Champlain. It is now a neap of ruini*
and fo tiia an apne.idage to a f»rm. Ita
name fignifies rfoiff, in the Indian lan-
guage, and was called by the French
Corillor. Mount Independfence, in Ad-
(iiibn co.Vti-mont, is about 2 miles S.B*
of it, and ieparated firom it by the nar-
row ttriiit which conveys tke water* of
Lake (veorge and Soutn river into Lake
Champlain. It had all the advantage* '
th»t art or nature could give it, being
defended on 3 fides by water furrounded
by rocks, and on bait of the fourth by
a fwamp, and where that fails, the
French erefted a breaft-work 9 feet
high. This was the firft fortrefs at-
tacked by the Americans during the
revolutionary war. The troops under
Oen. Abercrombie were defiE:ated here
in the year 1758, but it was taken the
year following by Gen. Amherft. It
was furprifed by Cols. Allen and Ar-
nold, May 10, 1775, and was retaken
by Gen. Burgoyne in July, 1777.
TiERRA ^u/lral JeiEJfiritu Santo,
called by Bougainville, ^be Archipelago
of the Great Cyclases, and by Captain '
Cook, The Nev Hebrides, may be con.
fi<lcred as the eaftem extremity of the
vait Archipelago of Nenu Guinta.'-^
Tliefe idands are fituated between the
latitudes of 141" 29^ md 10" 4' S. and be-
tween 169" 41' a'.id r7c» ii'E. lopg,
from Greenwich, and confift ot the f<3-
lowing iflands, fome of which have re-
ceived names from the dflierent Euro,
pean navigators, and others retain the
names which they beat among thena-^
tives } viz. Tierra Atiftral del Efpiritu
Santo, St. Bartliolomew, Mallicollo,,Pi«
de TEtoile, Aurota, Ifte « f Lepif ri|
Whitl'untide, Ambrym, Paooo, Shep-
herds Ifies, Sandwich, Errbmango, Im-
mer, I'ana, Erronan, Annetom, Apoe,
Three Hil'S, Montagi:, Hinciiuibrook,
and Erromanga. Qjiiros, who firii dif<.
covered thefe illnnds, in j6o6, defcribet
them, as f richer and more fertile thai»
Spain, ancf as populous as they are fer-
tile ; watered with fine rivers, and pro-
ducing filvcr, pearls* iOimegs, mace^'"
Mm} pepper^
V
%i6> .Til
|>epper» ginger, ebony of the jRrft qtiall*
ty, wood (St the CQimruAion of vcflelt,
and pirate «rbi«|i migltt be iabrictted
Into ttil-cloth and cordagct, one foit of
which iaiwt unlike the hemp of Eu.
rQp«.** The inhabitants of thelie iflandv,
he d«fcribet» aa of fevei'al different races,
of men) black, white, mulatto, taw-
ny, and copper-coloured { a proof, he
fbppofcs, of their intercourfe with vari-
ous people. They ufe no fire>arms. are
employed in no mines, nor have they
•ny of thofe meant of deftruClfon which
the g<;niu« of Europe has invented. In-
duftry and policy feem to have made
1)ut little progrefs amon^ them t they
1)uild neither towns nor tortrefles ) ac-
knowledge neither king nor laws, and
are divided only into tribes, among
which there does not always fubfill a
t>erfe£k harmony. Their arm« are the
wnf and arrows, the fpear and the dart,
al) made of wood. Their only covering
St a garment round the wail^, which
reaches to the middle of the thigh.
They are cleanly; of a lively and grateful
diA>oiition9 capable of friendfliip and
^ftru£lion. Their houfes are of wood,
tovered.with palm leavef. They have
|>hce8 of worfhip and burial. They
work in fione, and polifh marble, of
which there are many quarries. 1 bey
make flutes, drum«, wooden fpoons,
mnd from the mother pf pearl, form
^hiflels, fciflTars, knives, hooks, faws,
hatchets, and fmall lound plates tdr
necklaces. Their canoes are well built
and neatly Qnifhed. Hogs, goats, cows,
bufialotfs, and various fowls and fi(h,
for food, are found in abundance on and
about thele iflands. Added to all thefe
and many other excellencies, thele
iflands are reprefented as having a re-
markably falubripus air, which is evinc-
ed by the healthy, robuft appearance
ibf the inhabitants, who live to a great
age, and yet have no other bed than the
eurth. Such is the defcription which
Qjiii'os gives of thefii iQands, in and
about which he fpi-nt fouie months, and
which he repreknts to the King of
Spain as " the moft delicious country
in the world j the gnvden oi Eden, the
inexhauftible fource of glory, riches,
and power to Spain." On the north
fiJe of he largcft of thefe iHands, c^lieil
MTpiritu Santo, is a iiay, called San
FtUpt arid Saiit-Tago, whicli, lays Ciui-
»Sf ** poictratca 20 leagues into tlie
T I a
emiAtrf } the inner part is all fyfy, anJi
may be entered with fecurity, by night
a» well as, by day. On ctrery mIc, in
its vicinity, many tillages noi»y be dif-
tinguiOied, amt if wc anajFJm&c by tba
linoke which rifes by day, aiff the Area
that are fcen by night, thert are manyi
more in the interior parts." The bar.
hour in this bay, was named by <^,
ros. La VtraCrnaCt and is a part of tKia
bay, and large enough to admit looo-
veflela. The anchorage is on an excel-
lent bottom of black land, in water of
different depths, from 6 to 40 fathomSa,
between two 6ne rivers.
TiGNAREs, the chief town of the
captainfliip of Rio Grande in Brazil.
TiMMisKAMAiN Lak0t in Lower-
Canada, is about 30 miles long and 10
broad, having fevcral fmall iflands. Ita
waters empty into Utawas river, by a
fhort and narrow channel, 30 miles N. of
the N. part of Nep'fling lake. The In-
dians named Timmilcamaings rcfide
round this lake.
TiNicvM, two townfliips of Penn«
fylvania ; the one in Buck's county, the
other in that of Delaware.
Tinker's Jpmd, one of the Eliza-
bcth Iflands, on the coaft of Maflachu-
fetts, off Buzzard's Bay, 8 miles from
the main land of Bamftable county. It
is the fecond in magnitude, and the,
middle one pf the 3 largefl. It is about
3 miles long from north ^o fouth, and
about a mile and a half broad from eaft
to weft ; and between this and Nafli-
awn Ifland is a channel for floops and
(innll veflcls, as there is alfu between it
and Slocum's Kland, about a mile far-
ther to the wedward.
Tin-mouth, a townffiip of Nova-
Scotia on the taftern coaft. It wa»
formerly called Pi6lou, and lies about
40 miles from Truro. See PiSou,
Tin MOUTH, a townfliip of.Vcmiont,
Rutland c. and contains 93 5 inhabitants^
TiNsiGNAL, arich lilver mine in the
province of Colla Rica ; whichlee.
TnNTA,a jurifdiftion in the empire of
Peru ; wherein is the famous filver n>in»
called Condonoina. See Cancas.
TiNTAMAREjariverofflova-Scotia,
which is navigable 3 or 4 miles up for
iinali Vkfll'ls.
TiNio, a river of T«;rra Firma, so
leagues to the taft of Cape Honduras.
TiOfiA, a lowttfliip of Pennlylvapiai^
m .'. 4CIQ CO.
TlOCAk
TIS
TiOOA, a CO. of Ncw-Yofrk, bound ■ '
«^ caft by Otfego, weft by Onttrio
north by Onondatio, anil fouth by the
:State of Penniyivania. It containn the
towns of .Newtown, Union, Chemungi
'OwegfCi, Norwich, Jcrico, and Cht-nen-
go, in which are 1,165 eitilors, accord-
ing to the Smie •cenfiit of 1796. The
-court» of common pica* and general i'ti-
fions of the peace for the county are helii
on the firft Tucfdays in May, Ottober,
and February, inc-vtry year, alreinate-
[y, at Chcnengo, in the town of Union,
and at Newtown Point, in the town oi
Chemung^ Some curiouii bones have
beendu^ up «n this county. About 1 1
miles from Tioga Point » the hone or
horn of an -anim»i was found, 6 feet 9
inches long, 91 inches round, at tlic
long md, and 15 inches at the fmall
end. It is incuryated nearly to an nrch
of a large circle. Uy the pfet'ent ftate
of both the ends, much of it muft have
perifhcd^ probably a or 3 t'cet from each
end.
Tioga Poiat, thepoin* of landfonn-
«d by tlie coiiflutBce of Tioga river
with the eaft branch of Sutqueliannah
jriver. It is about 5* mi^fj louthtriy
from the line which divides New- York
State from Ptnnfylvania, and is ubouc
»50 miles N. by W. of Philatlelphia,
and *o S. E. of Newtown. The town
of Athens (fands on this point of land.
Tioga River, a branch of the Suf-
quehannah, which rifes in the Ailcsrha-
By Mountains, in about lat. 42. and run-
ning eaAwardly, eineties into the Suf-
quehannah atTioga Point, in lat. 41. 57.
It is navigable for "boats about 50 miles.
There is faid to be a prafticable com-
munication between the fouthern branch
of the Tioga, and a branch of the Alle-
ghany, the head waters of which are
near ench other. The Seneca Indians
fay they can walk 4 times in a day, from
the boatable waters of the Alleghany,
to thole of the Tioga, at the place now
mentioned.
TioUGHNiOOA River. See Cheaen-
go River.
TioOKEA, an illand in the South Pa-
cific Ocean, one of thofe called Ge^.rge's
Idands. S. lat. 14. 27. W. long.
144. 56.
Tipuany's River. See Tarija.
TiSBURy, a fmall fiiliing town on
the fouth fide of the ifland ol Marthas
Vineyard) 5 mtki iiotn Chiluiark) and
Tit Wi
^7 from Boftoti. The towniblp wti
nuor|)orated in 167 1 , ami contains 1 <4ft
inhabitants. It is in Duke'a colintyt
Maflachufetttt and in 1796 the eafterif
pait was incorporated into a ief^nift
townfliip.
TUSCAN, a Tillage of Ouenca, andllt-
partment of Alanfis» in Qjiito, in SoudiM
America, which wat «ntirel7 deftroyed
by an earthquake, but the mhabiranlf
clicaped, and removed to a later fitua«
tion. The nia;-ks of this dreadful con*
vulfion of-n?tore are ftill'vifible.
TiricACA, an ifland ol S. America*
in the South Pac'ific Ocean, near thf
coalt of Peru.
TiTiCACA, or •CimemtOt a lake df
Chuicas, in Peru 5 ^nd is the largeft or
all the known lakes in S. America, fit
is of an oval figure, with an inclination
from N. W . to S. £. and about So
leagues in circuit. The water is, in fom<$
parts, 70 or 80 fathoms deep. Teri or
twelve lai ge, befidee a greaier number
of imaller ilreams fall into it. The.wa^
ter of this lake, ihougli neither fait ndr
brackifli, is mudciy, and has fomething
lb naufenus in its tufte, as not to be
liraiik. One of the moft fplendid tern- -
pies in the empire was erciied on an
ifland in this lake, by the Vncnj . The
Indians, on feeing the violent rapacity
of the Spaniards, are thought to have
thrown the immenfe coUe^lion of riches
in the temple, into this lake. But thefe
valuable efTcfls were thrown into an»
other lake, in the valley of Orcos, 6
IcaKnts S. of Coico, in water 43 or a4
fathoms deep. Towards the S* part of
Titicaci Lake, the banks approach one
anoi her, 4b as to form a kind of bay, ter-
minating in a river, called Bl Defagua*
dero, or the drain } and attei wards
forms the Lake of Paria, which has nci
vifible outlet. Over the rivtr tl Defii-
f.uadcro Hill remains the bridge of rufli-
es, invented by Capac-Yupanqui, the
fifth Ynca, for tranfporting his army to
the other fide, in order to conquer the
provinces of Collafiiyo. The Delagna-
derb is here between flo and 100 yards
in breadth, flowing with a very impctU-
ous current, under a fmooth, and, as ic
were, (leeping iurface. The Ynca, to
oveicome fhis difiiculty, ordered 4 very
large cables to be nude o' a k nd of
giai's, which covers the lofty heaths and
mountains of that counti7, and by the
Indians called I^hU : £0 that thcfe cables
Mm 4. wcid
5$t T O A
yitt(t the foundation of the D«hoIe ftrue*
ture. Two of thefe bemg laid acrofs
-^e water* fafcines of dry juneira^ and
tptbra, two fpecies of rufl)i^eS| were faft-
cncd together, and laid acrofi the ca-
blet. . On this again the two other ca-
blet were laid, and covered with fimilar
lafcinet fecurely fafttned on, but of a
ftnaller fixe than the firft. and arranged
fo at to form a level liirface. And by
this nneans the Yncaprocui-ed a fafe pal>
iage for his army. This bridge of rush-
es, which i.s about five yards broad, and
one yard and a half above the fuiface of
tile water, is carefully repaired, or re.
built, every fix months by the neigh-
bouiing provinces, in puriuance of a
law made by that Ynca ; and fince of-
t(n confirmed by the kings of Spain, en
account of its vaft ufe, it being the chan-
nel of intercourfe between thofc provin-
ces on each fide the Defaguadero.
Tiverton, atown(])ip of Rhode-
Jfland, inf4ewport co. having the eaHern
FaflTage and part of Mount Hope Bay
on the W. and N.W. the State of Maf-
fachiifetts on the N. and E. and Little-
Coropton townftiip on the ibuth. It
contamS 2,4-53 inhabitants, including 25
i^aves. It is about 13 miles N. N.E.
of Newport.
TizOM, a river in the N. W". part of
S.America, 600 miles from New- Spain.
In a journey made thus, far, in 1606, the
Spaniards tound fume large edifices, and
met with fome Indians who i'poke the
Mexican language, and who toid them,
that a few days journey from that river,
towaixis the N. was tlie kingdom of Fol-
lan, and many other inhabited places,
whence the N^xicans migrated. It is,
indeed, confirmed by Mr. Sccwait, in
hit late travels, that there are cviiiz^ed
Indians in the interior parts of America.
Beyond the Mifibiui, he met with pow-
erful nations, who were cpurteoi\s and
hofpitable, and appeared to be a poiifli-
cd and civilised people,, having regular-
ly built towns, ami mjoying a Itate of
^^lociety not hv removed tiom the Euro-
pean ; and indeed to be perfe£lly equal
«v£nied only icon and fteel.
Tlascai^a, or Los AngeloSf a pro-
yiQce of New-8pain. See Jingdas.
I'o A, one of the two riverst, Bajamond
bei<^ the other, which empty into the
liarbout- of Forto Kico, in the ifiand of
that name in the Weit-lndits.
l^OAHOVTV, one of the two fmall
TOW
iflandt to the N. eaftward of the S; end
of Otaha > liland, one of the Socieiw
Iflandt, in the S. Pacific Ocean.
ToAMaNsJNOf two townfhipt of
Pennfylvania} the one in> Montgomery;
CO. the other in tliat of Northampton.
TOAAOO, an ifland in the Weft. In-
dies, which, when in the hands of the
Dutch, was called Ntw Vulfbtrtnt is.
about 10 leagues to the N. of Trinidad,
and 40 S. of Barbadoes.^, Its length it\
about yi miles, but its breadth only-
about as,, and its circumference aboul>
80 miles.. The climate is not lb hot a»,,
might be cxpe,fted lb near the equator j^
and it is faid that; it liesoutof thecourle
of thofe hurricanes' that have fi.metimes.
proved ib fatal to the other Weft- India,
lilands. It has a fruitful Dbil, capable
of producing i'ugar, and indeed every
thing ehe that is raifed in the Weft.
India Ifiands, with the addition (if we,
may believe the Dutch) of the cinna-
mon, nuimeg and gum copal. It it,
well watered with ntimcrous fprings j,,
and its bays Si^d rivers. are fodiipoledi
as to be very commodious for all kinds,
of fliipping. The value and impor-
tance of this ifiand, appears from the:
extenfive and formidable armaments.
lent thither in fupport of their different,
claims. It feems. to have been chiefly
poillfled by the Dutch,, who defended
their pretenfions againft both £ngland>
and France, with the moft obltinats
perfeverance. By the treaty of Aix la<
Chapelle, in 1748, it was declared neu-.
tral } though by the treaty of .1763, it,
was yielded up to Great Britain \ but.
in June, 17S1, it was taken by the.
JFrench, and ceded to them by the
treaty of 17835 and captured by the?
British in i7(;3. N. lat. 11. 16. W..
long. 60. 30.
ToflAGO Jfiand, Little, near the N..
E. extreUiity uf Tobago liland, in the
Welt Indies. It is about two miles
long, and one broad.
Toby's Crtekt and eaftern branch of
Alleghany rivtr,, in Pennfylvania ; its
iuuthern head water is called Little
J oby's Creek. It luns about 55 mi es
in a \V. S. W. and VV. courfe, and en-
ters the Allrghany about 20 mileti below
Fort Franklin. It is deep enough for
batteaux for a conlideruble way up,
thence by a fljort pafTage to the W.
brunch o? Sulquehannah, by which a,
goud ct)mmunicatiun '"\ formed between.
Ohio^
* TOM
Ottio, and lh« eaftem parti of Penn-
sylvania.
TocAYMA, a city of Terra Firma,
and in New Granada.
TocosAHATCHBE Cretk, a water of
Oakmulgee riveri in Georgia.
Tolland, a county of Conne£Vic»t,
bounded N. by the State of Maflkcliii-
iett«, S. by New-London co. E. by
Windham, and W. by Hartford co.
It is fubdivided into 9 townfhips, and
contains 13,106 inhabitaius, including
47 (laves. A great proportion of the
county is hilly, but the (oil is generally
firong and good for ginzing.
T6LLAND, the^ chief town of the
above' county, was incorporated in 171 j,
and is about 18 miles N. E. of Hartford.
It has a Congregational clnu'ch, court-
houie, gaol, and ao or 30 haufes, com-
paflly built, in the centre of the town.
TOLV, a town of Terra Firma, S.
America, with a harbour on a bay of
the N. Sea. The famous balfam ot the
fame name comes from this place ) 114
miles S. W. of Carthagena. N. lat. 9.
36. long. 75. a*.
Tomaco, a large river of Popayan,
and Terra Firma, S. America, about 9
miles N. E. of Galla Ifle. About a
league and a half within the river \z an
Indian town of the fame name, and but
finall, the inhabitants of which common-
ly Aipply fmall veifels with provifions,
when they put in here for refrefli-
mtnt. .
ToMAHA>VK JJtand^ on the eaft coaft
of Patagonia, is 24 miles N. £. oi^ beal's
Bay.
Tomb A Rhrr, on the coaft of Peru,
is between the port ot Hilo and the river
of Xuly or Chuly. There is anchorage
againftthis river in 20 fathoms, and
clean ground. Lat. 17. 50. S.
• ToMBiGBBE Ri'ver, is the dividing
line between the Creeks end Chadlaws.
Above the jun^ion of Alabama and
Mobile rivers, the latter is called the
Tombigbee river, from the tort of Tom-
bigbee, fituated on the welt fide of it,
about 96 miles above the town of Mo-
bile, The fource ot this river is reck-
oned to be 40 leagues higher up, in the
country ot the Chickafaws. The tort
of Tombigbee was captured by tiie
Britifh, but abandoned by them in 1767.
Tht^ river is navigable for iloops aiid
fchooneis, about 35 leagues above the
iowji of Mobile ; 1 30 American fami-
TON', 5JI
( lies are ftttled on this river, that Iim*
been Spaniflt fubjeSs fince 17S3.
ToMiNA, a jurifdiftion in tlie arch-
biihopric of La Plata in Peru. It he-
gins about 1 8 leagues S. •£« from ite
city of Plata ; on iu eaftem confined
dwrll a nation of wild Indians,' called
Chiri^ianos. It abounds with wine^
fugar and cattle, '
T0MI8 <tNiNO,a lake of N. Ameri*
ca, which lends its waters fouth.eaft«
ward through Ottawas river, into Lake
St. Francis in St. Lawrence river. The
line which feparates Upper from Low.
er Canada, runs up to this lake by*:
line drawn due north, until it ftrike*
the boundary line of Hudfon's Bay, or
New-Britain.
ToMPsONTOWN, a village of Penn^
fylvania, in Mifflin co. containing about
a dozen houi'ea. it is la miles front
Lewiftown.
Tom's Creek, in New Jerfey, which
feparates the towns ot Dover and
Shrewft)ury.
Tondelo, a river at the bottom of
the Gulf of Campeacliy, in the S. W,
part of theGuitof Mexico; 15 niilct
due weft of St. Annes, and 24 eaft of
Guafickwalp. It is navigable for barget
and othtr vcfll-ls of from 50 to 60 tons.
ToNEWANTO, the name of a crecic
and Indian town, in the north-weftem
part of New- York. The creek runs a
weftward couric and enters Niagara riv>
er oppofite Grand liland, i miles N*
of Fort Erie. It runs about 40 miles,
and is navigable 28 miles irom its mouth.-
The town ttands on its S. fide, 18 miles
from Niac^ara river. AKb the Indian
name of Fiftiing Bay, on Lakt Ontario.
TONGATABOO, one of the Friendly.
Iflands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, about
60 miles in circuit, but rather oblong,
and widefl at the eaft end. It hag a
rocky coaft, except to the N. fide,
which is full of Ihuals and iflands, and
the ftiore is low and landy. It fui-niflie»
the bcft harbour or anchorage to be
found in thti'e iflamls. The ifland is
all laid out in plantations, between
which are roads and lanes for traveiiing,
drawn in a very judicious manner fOr
opening an enly ccmmunication from
orte part of the ifland to another. S.
lat. 2 1 . 9 , W. long. 1 74. 46. Variation
of the needle, in 1777, was 9. 53, E. .
ToNiCAS. See Feint Coupee.
To NT I, an ifland at the iiKwtb<.^«if
914 T O >
Lake D*Vrfc, at the Mflem extremity
•f Like Ontario, it within the Britifh
<trritoriM | ii miles N. E. of Point an
OoelauH, and la W. of Grand Ifland,
luiving fcveral ifle* between it and tlie
iatter.
^ ToNTli ar Tfmlv, a riverwhich emp-
tiea through the N. Ihorc of Lake Erie ;
%t miles W. by N. of JRivieie a la
Barhue.
ToNTORAL, Cupt, on the eoaft of
Chili, in 8. America, 15 league* to the
K. of Ouafca, and in lat. »7. 30. 8.
TooBAVAl, one of the Society Ifl*
Imda, in ithc S. Pacific Ocean, not more
than 5 or 6 miles acrol's in any parti
S. lat. 1]. t5. W. long. 149. s).
ToosCHCOMDOLCU, an Indian vil-
lage on the N. W. coaftof N. America,
o4 confiderable im]x>rtance in the fiir-
trade } (Ituated on a point of land be-
tween two deep (bunds. N. lat. 53. a*
W. long. i:ii. 30.
TooTOOCH, a fniall low ifland in
Nootka Sound, on the N. W. coaft of
Korth- America, on the eaftern fide of
which is a confidirable Indian village {
the inhabitants of which wear i garment
Apparently compoi'ed of wool and hair,
snoftly wnitc^ well fabricated, and pro-
bably by themfclves.
Topi A, a mountainous, barren part
«f New.Bifcay province in Mexico,
North- America 5 yet molt of the neigh-
bouring parts are pleafant, abounding
with all manner of proviHons.
Top«FiEi.D, a townfliip of Maffi-
chufetts, Eflex co. containing 7S0 in-
habitants. It is 8 miles wellerly of
Ipfwich, and 39 N. by E. of Rofton.
TOPSHAM, a townfhip of Vermont,
in Orange co. wtft of Newbury, adjoin-
ing. Ii is watered by fome branclus
of Wait's river, and contains 16 z In-
Jiabitants.
T0P6HAM, a townfljip of the Difti ift
of Maine, in Lincoln co. 3s miles in
circumfirfnce, and more than %$ nules
is waflied by water. It is bounded on
the N. W. by Little river ; N. by Bow-
doin, and Bowdoinham ■, E. by Cath-
ance and Merry Meeting Bay j S. and
S. W. by Amaril'coggin river, which
ftpnrate§ it from Brunlwick in Cumber-
land county. The inhabitants amount
to 8s6 fouls, and they live in iiich eafy
'CircumlVances, thnt none have ever been
fo poor as to Iblicit help from the pa
iiOi. It wu incorporated in 136^, A
TOR
few Xnglifli attempted t« fettle htn to
the end of the laft, or beginning of th«
Erefent century. Thefe were cut off
y the natircs. Some fiimilice ventured
to fettle in this haiardous fituation in
1730 } from which period, until th«
peace of 1763, the Inhabitants never felt
wholly fecure from the natives. It i*
37 mUes S. by W. of Hallowell, and
1 56 N. by E. of Bofton } and is nearly
in lat. 44.. N. and long. 70. W.
ToRBAY, a town on the eaftern coaft
of Nova. Scotia { ax mUes S. W. oC
Roaring Bull Ifland, and too N. E. <^
Halifax.
ToRBBK, a village on the fouth fide
of the loath peninfula of the ifland of
St. Domingo } sleaguesN. W.uf Ava-.
die Ifland.
TORMBNTIN Gi/r, on theW. fide
of the Straits of Northtimberland, or
Sound, between the iiland of St. John'c
and the E, coaft of Nova Scotia, is the
N. point of the entrance to Bay Vvrt.
It is due weft from Governor's Ifland^
on. the S. E. coaft of the ifland of SU
John's. In fome maps this point ia
called Cape Storm.
Toronto, a Britifli fettlement on
the north- weiiern bank of Lake Onta«
rio, 53 miles N. by VV. of Fort Niaga-
ra. N. lat. 44. I. W. long. 79. 10.
ToRRiNCTONi or Bedford's Bay, on
the foiithern coaft of Nova- Scotia, and
its entrance is at America Point, about
3 miles N. of the town of Hilifax. It
has from 10 to 13 fathoms a^ its mouth,
but the bay is almofl circalar, and has
from 14 to 50 f;uhonis water in it. A
proillgious fi:a fets into it in winter.
ToRRiNGTON, a townfliip of Con-
neflicut, in Litchfield co. 8 miles N. of
LiichJicKi.
Tortoises, the River i>J\ lies lo
miles above a lake ?o miles long, and 8
or 10 bread, which is formed by the
Mifiifippi in Louifiana and Florida. It
is a large fine river, which runs into the
country a good way to the N. £. ami
is navigable 40 miles by the largeft
boats.
ToRTVE, an ifland on the N. fide of
the iiland of St -Domingo, towards the
N. W. part, about 9 leagues long from
E. to W. and s broad. The W. eml
is nearly 6 leagues fi"om the head of the
bay of Moftiqiie. The frte-booters
and buccanicrs drove the Spaniards from
this iflaiid in t-632 } in 1638, the Spa-
niaiiift
T 08
•*Mrdi maflacred all the French colony i
»iu) in 1639, the buccaniers retook
Tortue. In 1676, the French took poi'-
feflionofitagain.
ToiiTU«A8, Dry, flioalt to the weft,
vraitl, a little foutherly from Cape Flori-
da, or the 8. Point of Florida, in South-
America. They are 1 34- leagues from
the bar of Penl'acola, and in lat. 14. 3a.
N. and I ng. 83. 40. W. They con-
All of 10 i'mall iilands or keys, and ex-
tend E. N. E. and W. S. W. 10 or
1 1 miles } moft of them are covered
.with buihes, and may be feen at the dif-
tance of four leagu' s. The fouth welt
Key is one o^ the imalleft, but the niott
niaterial to he known, is in lat. 14. 3».
N. and long. S3. 40. W. From the
S. W. part of thiii key, a reef of coral
rocks extends about a (]uarter of a mile }
the water upon it is vilihly dii'co-
loured.
ToRTUCAs Harbour, Turtle's
Harbour, or Barraco de Tortugas, on the
coall of Brazil, in S. America, is 60
leagues at £. S. E. from the point or
cape of Arbrafec, or Des Arhres Sec,
and the lliore is flat ali the way from
theguif ot Maranhao.
ToRTUOAS, an ifland fo named from
the great number of turtle found near
it, is near the N. W, part of the illand
of St. Domingo. See Tortue,
T0RTUOA8, or Saf Tortuga, is near
the W. end of New- Andalufia and Ter-
ra Firma. It is uninliahited, alihough
about 30 miles in circumference, and
a'>ounding with fait. N. lat. 11. 36.
W. long. 65. It is 14 leagues to the
well of Mar^aritta Iflaiid, and 17 or 18
from Cape Blanco on the main. There
are mnny iflands of this name on the
north coaft of South-America.
ToRTUOAS Point, on the coaft of
Chili, and in the South Pacific Ocean,
is the Ibuth point of the }>urt of Co-
qnimbo, and 7 or 8 leagues from the
Pajaros Idands. Tortugas road is
round the point of the lame name, where
fhips may ride in from 6 to 10 fathouis,
over a bottom of black fund, near a rock
called the Tortugas. The road is well
flieltered, but will not contain above zo
or 30 fliips lafely. Ships not more than
400 tons burden may careen on the Tor-
tugas rock.
TosquiATOSsy Creek, a north head
water of Alleghany rivsr, whofe mouth
is call of Squeaughta Creek, and 17
T R A f {f
milei north-wefierly of ths Jcbits Tvum %
which fee.
ToTOWA, a place or village at the
Great Falls inPaflaik river, New-Jerfey^
Tottery, a river which cmptMi
through the fouth-eafttm bank of the
Ohio, and n navigable with battetox
to the Ouafiato Mountains. It ii a
long river, and ha* few branches, and
interlocks with Red Creek, or Clinch«*<
ri ver , a branch of the Tenneflee. It hae
below the mountains, efpecially for 15
miles from its mouth, very good land.
Toit LON, a tqwnfliip of New-York,
in Ontario co. In 1796, 93 of the in-
habitants were eleAors.
TowcRHiLL, a village in the town,
fliip of South-Kingftown, Rhode- Ifland,
where a polf-ofHce is kept. It is 16
miles welt of Newport, and %%% from
Philadelphia.
TowNSHBND, a townlhip of Wind-
ham CO. Vermont, well of Weftminftcr
and Putney, containing 676 inhahitantg.
TowNSHEND, a townfhipof Middle,
fex CO. Mairachuli:tts, containing ^j
inhabitants. It was incorporated in
i71*»and lies 45 miles northward of-
Bolton.
TowNSHEND, aharbouron the coaft
of the Diltri£t of Maine, where is a bold
harbour, having 9 fathoms water, flielr
tvrcd from all winds. High water, at
full -and change, 45 miiuues after 10
o'clock.
Tracapuche, now Car'eton, on the
northern fide of Chaleur Bay, is about
S liiagues from the great river Cafqui.
pil)iHC in a S. W. dire£tion, and is a
place ot conliderable trade in cod-fifli»
&c. Between the townfhip and the riv*r
Calquipibiac, is the fmall village of
Maria.
Tkanquilhty, a place in Suflex
CO. New-Jcrley, 8 miles foutherly of
Newtown.
Trap, a village in Talbot co. Mary-
land; about 6 miles t>. E- of Oxford.
Trap, TAf, a village of Pcnnlylvania,
in Montgomery co. havins? about a doz-
en houi'cii, and a German LMtlieran aiil
Calvinitt church united. It is 9 milea.
from Morrillown, 1 1 from Pottlgrovey
and 26 from Piiiladel]>hia.
Trap, a vilLige of Maiyland, in So-
merfet co. fituated at 1 he h^ad of Wi-
comico Creek, a branch of the liver
Wicomico, 7 miles fouth-vveft of Salif-
bury, and 6 north of Princels Ann.
Traptowjt,
S$«
TR E
Traptowk, a village of Maryland,
In Frederick co. fitiiated on Coto£lin
Creek, between the South nnd Cotoftin
Mountains, and 7 milei fouthwefterly
of Fredericktown.
Traversb Bay, Great, lie* on the
N. E, corner of Lnke Michigan. It
has a narrow entrance, and fets up into
the land fouth-eaftward, and receives
Trsvcrferive'- from fheE.
Treadhaven C«^iJ, a fmali branch
•f Choptank river. .
Treasury IJIamft, form a part of
Mr. Shortiand's New-Georgia, (Sur-
vUle's Archipelago of the Arfacides)
lying from 6. 38. to 7. 30. S. lat. and
from 155. 34.. to 156. E. long, from
Greenwich. See Arfacides, Sec.
Trench E Mont River, a fmall
jivcr of the ifland of St. John's, in
the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It emp-
ties into tlie Tea 3 or 4 leagues to the
weftward of the eaftern extremity of the
iAand.
Tr ECOTHfC, a townfhip in Grafton
CO. New-Hampfnire, incorporated in
1769.
Trent, a fmall river of K. Carolina,
which falls into Neus river, at New-
born. It is .. vigable for fea veflTels, la
miles above ti.c town, and for boats xo.
See Neut.
Trenton, is one of the largeft towns
in New-Jerfey, and the metropolis of the
the State, fituatcd in Hunterdon co. on
the E. fide of Delaware river, oppofite
the fall?, and nearly in the centre of the
State from *N. to 8. The river is not
navigable above thefe falls, except for
boats which' will cany from 500 fo 700
bufiiels of wheat. This town, with
Lamherton, which joins it on the fouth,
contains between «oo and 300 houfes,
an<l about z,ooo inhabitants. Here the
leg'-flature ftatedly meets, the fHpreme
court fits, and moft of the public offices
are kept. The inhabitants have lately
ere6ied a h^ndfome' tourt-hou(e, 100
fcet by 30, with afemi-hexagon at each
end, over which is a balullrade. Here
are alto a church for Epifcopniians, one
for Prefbytcrians, one for Methodifts,
and a Qiinkcr meeting-houfe. In the
ncighboiirliood of this plenfant town, are
a great many gentlemen's fears, finely
fituated on the banks of the Delaware,
and ornamented wifh tafte ami elegance.
Here is a flnvu-ifhing acaJemy. ft is
xa miles S. W. of Princeton, 30 from ,
TR I
Brunfwick, Rnd 30 N. E. of PhiladU*
phia. N. lat. 40. 1 5. W. long. 74. 15,
Trenton, a fmaU poft.town of the
Dilitrifl of Maine, Hancock co. 1 1 miles
W. by S. of Sullivan, 31 N. E. by E.
of Penobfcot, a86 N. E. of Bofton, and
633 N. E. of Philadelphia. This towp
is near Defert liland ; and in a part of
it called 7i>e Narrows, were about 4*
families in 1796.
Trenton, the chief town of Jonet*"
county, N. Carolina, fituated on the S.
fide of Trent river. It contains but
few houfes, befides the court-houfe and
gaol. It is 511 miles from Philadi;!-
phia.
Trepassi Bay, or Trejpajss Bayt
and Harbour, on the ibiith fide of New-
foundland Ifland, near the S. £. part,
and about ai miles to the N. weftwardl
of Cape Race, the S. E. point of the
ifland. The harbour is largv.-, well fe-
cured, and (he ground good to anchor
in.
Trianole TJlatrd, a fmall ifland, one
of *he Bahamas. N. lat. lo. '51. W,
Ion '. 69. 53.
Triangle Shoals, lie to the weft-
ward of the pcnindila of Yucatan, near
the E. fliore of the Bay of Campeachy,
nearly W. of CapeCondecedo. N. lat,
17. 5. W. long. III. 59.
Trieste Bay, on the conft of Ter-
ra Firma, is nearly due fouth from Bor
nair Ifland, one of the little Antilles, to
the eaft of Curaflbu Ifland.
Trieste I/land, a fmall ifland at the
bottom of the Gulf of Campeachy,
weftward of Port Royal Ifland, about
3 leagues from E. to W. The creek
which fcpcrates it from Port Royal
Ifland Is, Icarceiy broad enough to ad-
mit a canoe. Good frefli water will be
got by digging 5 or 6 tect deep in the
fait fand ; at a lefs d.*pth it is brackiOi
and fait, and at a greater depth than 6
feet it is fait again.
Trinidad, a fmall ifland in the S.
Atlantic Ocean, due E. offSpiritu San-
to, in Brazil. S. lat. 70. 30. W. long.
41. ao. It is alio called Trinity.
Trinidad, or Trinidada IJland, near
tlw coaft of Terra Firma, at the north
part of S. America. It partly forms
the Gulf of Paria, or Bocca del Drago^
and is much larger than any other u)K)n.
the coall. It is 36 leagues in length,
and 1 8 or 10 in breadth, but the climate
is rather unhealthy, aikl little of it is
cleared*
TR I
fitared. The current fett fo ftrong
along the coaft from £. to W. a» to
render moft of its bays and harbours
Vfcltfi. It proituccs uigar, Ane tobac*
co» indigOf ginger, a variety of iruit,
fome cotton, and Indian corn. It wa»
taken by Sic Walter Raleigh, in 1595,
and by the French in 1676, who plun-
dered the iHand, and extorted money
from the inhabitants. It was captured
by the Britifli in February, 1797. It
is fituated between 59. and 61. W.
long, and in 10 N. lat. The N. £.
point lies in lat. 10. 28. N. and long.
59. 37. W. The chief town is St.
Jofcph.
Trinidad, La, a town of Mexico,
in the province of Guatiinala, on the
banks or the river Btlen, ix milts from
the Tea } but the road is aiinoll impafla-
ble by land. It is 70 miles S. E. of
Guatimala, and 24 ea(t of La C(m<
ception. N. lat. 13. W. long. 91. 40.
TaiNiDAO, La, on the north coaft
of the Kthmus of Darien, lies eailward
of Bocca del Toro, and ibme cluikr'i of
fmali iflands, and S. W. of Porto Hel-
lo and FortChagre. N. lat. 8. 30. W.
iong. 81. 30.
Trinidad, oj- La Sonfonale Port, a
•town on a bay of the Pacific Ocean,
about 65 miles S.E. of Petapa, and 162
from the town of Guatimala. All the
goods that are fent from Peru snd Mex-
ico to Acaxatla, about la miles from ir,
are brought to this port. It is 9 miles
from the town to the harbour, which is
much frequented, and is a place of great
■trade ; beini? the neareft landing to Gua-
timala for fliips that come from Peru,
Panama, and Mexico.
Trinidad, La, one of the fea ports
on the foutli part of the ifland of Cuba,
in the Well-Indies; fituated N. W.
from the welt end of the groupe of iflands
called Jardin de la Reyna. N. lat. 21.
40. W. long. 80. 50.
Trinidad, La, an open town of Ve-
ragua, and audience of Mexico, in ^N.
America.
Trinibad Channel, has the ifland of
Tobago on the N. W. and that ol Tri-
nidad un the fbuth.
Trinidad, or Trinity, a town of
^ew-Granada, and Terra firma, in S.
America,abouta3milesN.P^ofSt. Fe.
Trinity Bay, on the ealt ijde ot
Newfoundland Iflanc), between lat. 47.
53. 30. wki^%. 37. N.
THO
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*
TuiiiTT Port, a Iar?:e bay of Mar.
tinico Ifland, in the Weft-Indies, form>
1x1 on the fouth-eaft by Point Caravelle.
Tkinitv IJU, lies near the coaftof
Patagonia, in S. America, caftward««f
York Iflands. S< lar. 50. 37.
Trinity IJl', the north-eallernmdft
of the fmall iflands on the foutb-cafi
coait of the peninlula of Alaika, on the
N. W. coaft of N. America, N. E. of
Foggy Iflands.
Trio, a cape on the coaft of Brazil,
S. America.
Tristo, a bay on the north coaft of
S. America, is w. S. W. of the river
Turiano. It has good anchorage and it
well flieltered ; I'om tlie fwell ol the fea.
Trivigillo Bay, in the Gulf of
Honduras, or Ibutl. fliore of the Gulf of
Mexico, is within the ifland of Pines*,
Dulce river lies a little to the weft.
Trocauie, a fmall ifland on the N«
coaft of the ifland of St. John's, lying
oft' the mouth of Shimene Port, and in
the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
Trois Rivieres, a bay at the eaft end
of the above-mentioned Ifland of St.
John's, and weft of Cape Breton Ifland.
Three ftreams fall into it from difterent
directions } hence its name. N. latr
46. 5. W. long. 6i. 15.
Trois Ki-vieres, or the Tbrrs Rtver/p-
or Treble River, a town of Lower Ca-
nada, fettled by the French in i6iO|
and is fo called from tlie junction of
three waters a little below the town*
where they fall into the river bt. Law*
rence. The town ftands on the north*
ern bank of the St., Lawrence, at that
pai t of the river called Lake St. Pierre.
It is but thinly inhabited } is commodi.
oufly fituated .for the fur trade, and was
formerly the feat of the French govern-,
ment, and the grand mart to which the
natives rclbrted* It is pleafantiy fltuat>
ed in a fertile country, about 50 miles
Ibuth-weft of Quebec. The inhabitant*
are nioftly rich, and have elegant, well
furnilhed houl'es, hhJ the country round
wears a fine appearance. N. lat. 46.
51. W. long. 75. 15.
Trqmpeaur, Cape, del Enganaa,
or Falfe Cape, is the eafternmoft point
of the iflaiid of St. Domipgo. N. lat.
jS. 25, W. long, from Piris 71.
Tropic Ke<s, are fmall iflands or
rocks, on the nortli of Crab Ifland, and
off the eaft coaft of Porto Rico Iflmd,
A nutJKbei of iro|)ic birds Ijreed l)cre,
»f«
r%\j
rhich are a fpcciet never fcen but ht-
twecn the tropici.
TiiO(^OB», a bajr at the fouthem
cxtitmit]^ of the caftern part of Lake
Htfroiif leparated from Matchiidocli Bay
Ol the N. E. by a brcnd promuntory.
Tlto<^u(^A, an illumt on the north
coaft of S. America, in the mouth of a
finall bay near Cape Scco, a fliort way
ft. £. from the eaft point of the bay or
river Tarattira.
Trou Jacob, on the fouth iide of
the ifland of St. Domingo. From this
^o Cape Beate, or Cape « Foux, the fhorc
ia rocky.
Trov, Lb, afettlement in the north*
cm part of the French divifion of the
ifland of St. Domingo. It is 5J leajgues
£. of Ouanaminthe, and a S. E. ot Li-
monade. N. lat. 19. 35. W. long,
from Paris 74.. a«.
Troy, a poft-town of New-York,
Renfl'elaer co. 6 miles north of Albany,
3 S. of Lanlinburg city, and 27 1 from
Philadelphia. Thi townfliip of Troy
is bounded E. by Pelerlburg, and was
Jaken from Renflelaerwyck townfliip^
and incorporated in ly^t. In 1796,
550 of the inhabitants were t-le6lors.
Seven years aj^o, the I'cite of the flourifh-
ing village of Troy was covered with
^ocks and herds, and the fpot on which
k fchool, containing 160 fcholars, is now
cre£led, was then probably a fheepfold.
The fchool is under the direct ton of 3
Ichoolmaflers, and is a rery promiiing
feiuinary.
Truro, a town of Nova-Scotia, fi-
tuated in Halifax co. at the head of the
Bafin of Minas, oppofite to, and 3 miles
fcutherly of, Onflow j 40 miles Nv by
Pf, of Halifax, and 40 from Pi6lou.
tt was fettled by the North-Iridi, fome
Scotch, and the delcendants of Nortn-
Irifli. Through this town runs the
•jfiver called by the Indians Shubbena-
Clgdie, navigable for boats to within 9
miles of Fort Sackwille.
Truro, a townfliip of Maflachufetts,
£tuated in Barnflable county, lies be-
tween lat. 41. S7> and 42. 4. N. and
between long. 70. 4. and 70. 13. W.
it is on the eaftcrninofl: part of the pen-
Ihfola of Capte Cod, 57 miles S. E. of
Boflon, inaltraight line, but as t^ieroad
ruus it is 1 1 a, and 40 from the court-
hpufe of Bamflable. It is the Paaet
of the Indians, and and after its fettle-
fneot, m 1700 was ibtne tinae. caUpd
Dotfger^iUi it ^M incorporated ai^Mf
its prelcnt name in 1700, and containa
1,193 inhabitants. Only one family of
Indians remained a few years fince, and
lived on Pamtt Pciiti, In the valley
called Grtat HtUaw, a creek feti up
from the hay, at the mouth of which ia
a tide harbour. The other landing,
places arc of fmall note. Pamtt Har-
bour is about 100 yards wide at the
mouth, but is wider within { and if re-
fiaired would be of public utility. It
ies above 3 leagues S. E. of Cape-Cod
harbour. The. hill on which the m«et.
ing-houfe ftands branches from the high
land of Cape-Cod, well known to fea-
men. The mountain of clay in Truro»
in the midft of fandy hills, fcems to
have been placed there by the God of
Nature, to ferve as a foundation for a
light-houfe, which if erected might fave
the lives of thoufands, and millions of
property. The foil of Truro is, in
molt places, fandy, like Provincetown )
and the inhabitantsderive their pi inci-
pal fubfiftcnce from the ilea, which here
abounds with vaft variety of fifli. Greac
part of their corn and vegetables are pro-
cured from Bollon and the neighbour-
ing towns. Two inhabitants of Truro,
Captains David Smith and Gamaliel
Coliings, were the firft who ad'<entured
to Falkland*Iflands in purfuit of whales.
This voyage, which was crowned with
fuccefii, was undertaken in 1774, by the
advice of Admiral Montague ot th»
Britifli navy. The whalemen of Truro
now vil'ic the coafl of Guinea and Bra-
zil. Many of the matters of fhipsem--
ployed from Bofton and other ports, are
natives of Truro. The elderly men and
finall boys remain at home to cultivate
the ground ; the refl are at fea |ds of the
year. The women are generally employ-
ed in fpinning, weaving, knitting, &c.
Truxillo, a bay, harbour, and
town, at the bottom ot St. Giles's Bay,
on the coaft of Honduras, in the gulf of
that name. The bay is about 6 milea
broad, .being deep and fecure, and de-
fended by 3. caftle; but it has little
trade. The town flands about a league
from the North gea, between two rivers^
the mouths of which, with fome iflanda
before them, form the harbour. Tl' e
csuntry is exceedingly fruitful in corn
and grapes, and notwi^rhflanding the
heat of the climate, vciy populous. The
city ia dcfe{4^ l>y » tm<;K wall to-
Ttro
trarrft tti* fm, and U intcccfm^le but by
• nurrow, fttep alci-nt. The ciftie join*
lo ttie will, ami ilanili on a hill. Be-
himi the ci^y arc high mountain!. It
lici 300 miles N. E. of Amapalla. N.
kt. 15. to. W. lung. 9$. 56.
. 1'ruxiu.o, the firll diocefe in tlit
fudirnce ot° Lima, in Peru.
Truxillo, a bay or harbour, and
one of the principal cities of the pro-
vince of the fame name in Peru, 18 t »
Jeacues <from Chocope, and Ho N. W.
•f Lima { and according to Uiloa, the
city lies in lat. 8 6. 3. S. and lone. 77.
Srt# W. It (lands in the valley of Chi-
nto, on a fmall river, a')out half a I<a^ue
iirom thefcaj is rurroundedwithabnck
wall, and from its circuit may be cbfled
among cities of the third order. Two
Icagm* tc the noithward is the )ioct of
Guanchnco, tiu channel of its trade.
The houieti make an elegant appearance,
being generally of brick, with ftatcly
Jialconies and I'uperb porticos.
TruxiIlo, or Nofira Seuiora de la
Pax, a town of New-Granada (Venezu-
«Im) and Terra Firma, in S. America,
«i 5 miles fouth of Marncaibo Lake ; on
the fouthernmoti b:ink of which Lake is
R village, called Truxillo, dependent on
.this city. The city is in lat. 9. li .■ N.
and long. 69. 15. w.
Tryon Mountains, in N. Carolina.
lie N. W. of the town of Salifcury, on
the borders of the State of Teniicfl«:t.
TuAPE, the chief town of the divi-
Jon of Senora, in New-Mexico.
' TvBAi, a fmall ifland, one of the
.Society Illands, in the S. Pacific Ocean,
is about 4 or 5 leagues to the N. by W.
•r N. N. W. from Boiabola. S. lat.
a.6. IS. W. long. 151. 44.
TuCAPCX, on tlie coalt of Chili, and
the W. fide of S. America, is un the
S. Atlantic Ocean, 10 leagues N. N. £.
from Rio Imperial, and 10 to the illand
•f Santa Maria, or St. Mary.
TucKABATCHEES, a town of the
Creek nation of Indiana.
Tuck AHOe C»«e*, in Maryland^Tal-
bot co% a branch of Choptank river.
TuCKF.RTON, the port of entry for
the diftrl£l of Little Egg Harbour, in
ijie State of New-Jerfey.
Tuc v^.AN, a province of S. Ameri-
ca, fo called from a tribe of Indians, and
in the S. W. divifion of Paraguay. It
is bounded N. partly by Los Chicas,
in.P«ru«. and partly bjr Clutco^ S. by
Tut it9
Cayo and Pampas ^ E. by Paraguay
Proper, and Rio de la Plata { and w*
by St. Jaf;o, in Chili, and the S. end of
Chicas { extending itfclt from Kio Vcr*
mcjo to Rio Quarto, almoft from lat*
14. to 34. fouth, and fixmi E» to W*
where bruailcft, from the river Salad*
to the ridge of the Cordillera, fcparat*
ing it from Chili, almort from long. 6l.
to 69. 30. W. The climate is healthy
and temperate. The lands are ricW
and wt.ll cultivated, efpecially toward*
Chili, with fprne defert cantons towarda
the Magellan' ' ]«. Its two principal
rivers are Di. «.^.; and Salado, that ia*
the fwtet and fait ones { Ixfidcs innu>
merahic iVnaller dreams. The natives are
fomcwhat civilized by the Spaniards, and
cover thcmfelves with their woollen and
cotton manufaAures, and live in villagra^
I'ucUYO, a town of Ncw-Granada»
and Terra Firma in N. America. It
(lands in a valley of the fame namCp
eveiy where furrounded by mountaina.
The nir is very healthy, and the foil
fruitful, and a river divides the place.
It is aoo miles S. of Maracaibo city,
N. lat. 7. 10. W. long. 68. 36.
TvFTONBeROVGU,atownofNew-
HampAiire, in Strafford co. fituated 01*
the N. £. fide of Lake Winipifeogec^
adjoining Woliiborough, containing 19^
inhabitants.
TuGBLO K/a'<r, in Georgia, is the
main branch of Savannah river. Th«
other great branch is Keowee, whicl»-
j- -ning with the other, 1 5 miles N. W»
Oi the northern boundary of Wilke'a
CO. form the Savannah. Some branchea
of the Tugelo rile in the State of Ten*
nellL-e. A refpeftable traveller relate*
that in ten minutes, having walked hia
horl'e moderately, he tafted of Tugelo^
Apniachicoia,. and Hiwaflee rivers.
TuiCKT£NOO?»A Cfcekt in the Stat«
of New- York, is 16 miles above Sthe»
neiSlady. £. of the creek is a curioua
Indian infcriptiun.
TuLLY, one of the military town-
fliips of Onondago co. New- York, hav>
ing Sempronif>us. on the wed, and Fa>
bius on tile eaif . It is within the jurif-
di£lion of Ponipey, and lies 19 mile; Sv
E . of the fen y on Cayug . Lake.
Tui.i'EHOCKEN, a branch of the
Schuylkill, which empties into that rivs-
er at Reading. Alfo, the name of a
town of Pennfylvania, in Lancader co..
6 mtla» weft.oi' Hididletown^ and 6$
nottli-
$6o TU H
iMrth-wcftorPhilkdclphii. Tutueheck.
en crick or river, nnd Qnitnpahilln, lead
wilhin 4 milct ot'cnch other. The wu.
tcr contmunication between Schuylkill
and 8«fquck»nnah niiirt he t'tNinal aver
a triA of cotintry ot abt.ut 40 iiiiUn in
txtcnt, from river to river, in a iiraight
line I h\ti Moout 60 mile* aa the navi)f;a'
tion nnull go. This tra^ in cut bv the
abovt • creeki. The bottom of tin
canni, ihroiigb which the nnvi^ntion
muft pal'ti will not here rile mure than
30 feet above the level of the lieuti wa-
ter* of the Hbove • crccki ( nor lb much
•• aoo licet above the level of the wa-
ten.of Suli](iehnnnah or Schuylkill.
TvMBEX, a town in the road to Li
ma and Peru, in South- AnKricii, 7
leagues from galto, a place toi landing
n( goods configncd to this place, nnd in
lat. 3. i». 16. S. Nciu' tills town is a
river of the fame name, which cinptick
into the bay of Giuiyaquil. It has near
70 cane houl'es.
Tumbling Dam, on Delaware riv-
er, is about 11 miles above Trenton.
TuNBRiDaB, a townfliip of Ver-
mont, Orange co.* la mikii well of
Thetford. It contains ^iy inhubitaiits.
TuMA, a city of New-Granada, in
Terra Firma.
TvNjA, a town of New-Gnnada and
Terra Firma, in South America. Near
it are mines of gold ami emeralds. I'he
air is tem|>erate, and the foil fruitiul.
It is al)out 30 miles Ibuih-wclt of Trux>
illo. N. bt. 4. 51. W. lung. 73. 10.
Tu N K B R s. Sec Epbinta.
TvNKHANNOCK, a towndiip and
Shreek in Luzerne co. Peimrylvania.
The creek is a water of Sufquchannah.
Ttjpinamdas, the name of a famous
nation who inhabited Brazil on its firft
difcoveiy by the i^ortuguci'e. They left
their chief abode about Rio de Janeiro,
and wrandered up to the parts near ihu
Amazon, where the Tap.tyos are now
the delcendanis of that brave ptpple.
Their migration and hiitoiy are full}^
defcribed by Fattier Dacunha.
Tura bambtiy a. i'p.icious plain of
Peru, in S. America, at the extremity of
.Kvhi'rh Itamls tiie city of Qu^ifo. To this
plain there is arpad horn Guayaquil.
Turbet, a townfhip of Pcnnlylva
nia, on Suiquehannah river. Sec Nor-
■tJiiimberlanJ County.
TuRiANO,a river on the north-coaft
•f South Aoiuica, 3 ie^gucs to tJac calf
TUR
t of tht Ulandt Barbarata. Near it ll %
fait pond which furnilhc* all the coall
with I'alt, and th«re is harbour xrni itxiil
for (hips to ride in.
TvNKiiH l/lamiit a groupeof little
iflands, called alio Amunaj, lince llrcy
are the itlands of Dun Diego LiUMgo»
thus called by him whodil'Covcrcd them*
They are more than )o leagues north of
Point II'alKrliqur, on the noith coaftoi*
the illand of St. Domingo.
TVRKBY, a I'mall town of Ncw-Jcr*
ity^ Elt«;x CO. 14 miles north wefterlyof
Klizabeth-Town, and 179 north- oult of
Philadelphia.
TuKKB Y feo/, in Youghiogany river^
is the point of jun£\ion of the great S.
Branch, Little Croflings from the Ibuth-
ealt, and North Branch from the north*
w.trd. It is 35 miles from the mouth
of the river, is miles S. S. W. of Ber-
lin, in Pennl'yivania. aiul 36 north ealt
ot Morg;intown. N. Iat> 39. 44.
Turkey Pointy a promontory on the
north fide of Lake Erie, lies oppofite to
Prelque I lie, on the fouth fide, about
50 mi'is acrofs.
Turkey Foint, at the head of Chefa-
peak Bay, is a point of land formed by
the waters of the bay on the north-weft,
and thoie of Elk river on the louth-enli.
It is about is^mileslbuih-well of Elk-
ton, and 44 north-cali of Annapolis.
Herethe Bnlifli army landed, in Auguf^j
1777, before they advanced to Phila-
delphia.
Turks I/lands^ feveral fmall iflandt
in the Weit Indies, about 35 leagues
north-eaft of the ifland of St. Domingo,
and about 60 to •'.he Ibuth-rad of Crook-
ed Ifland. The Bermudians frequently
come hither and make a great quantity
of fait, and the fliips which fail from St<
Domingo commonly pal's within fight of
them. N. lat. ai. 18. W. long. 71. 5.
Turner, a townfliin of the Didrift
of Maine, Cumberland co. on the weft
bank of Androfcoggin river, which di-
vides it from Green in Lincoln CO. It
was incorporated in 1786, contains 34i>
inhabitants, and lies 172 miles north of
Bolton, and 31 fouth-welt of Hallowell.
Turtle IJlaMd, in the Ibuth Pacific
Ocean, is nearly a league long, and not
half fo broad. It is furrounded by »
reef of coral r ocks, that have no found*,
ings without them. S. lat. 19. 49. W.-
long. 177. 57.
TvKTt$ Crtfki in Peonfylvania, a
iinaU
AmU ftr«UB which cmtttict thraogd tht
B. bank or MononpntU rivtr, about
i» milct from the muuth of thit river,
»t Pittfturg. At the head of thU cre«k»
General Braddock cnsaf cd a party of
Indians, the ath of July, 17M, on his
way to Port JuQ^mc he, now Pittiburg,
where he was rcpmlrd, himreif killed,
hie army put to flight, nnd the remaint
of the army brought off the field by the
•ddrefe nnd courage «f Colonel, after*
WarJi Ovneral Wafhington.
TVRTLI Rlvtf, in Ocorgia, emptlei
into St. Simon'i Sound, and iti bar hat
ft Aifficiency oF water for the Urgrfl
veflel that IWlma. At its mouth is the
town of Brimfwick, which has a fiobje
■nd capacious harbour. The town is
Jvgularly Lid out, but not yet built.
The lands on the banks of thit river are
faid to be excelknt.
TvRY, a river on the coaft of Bratil,
in S. America, 40 leagues E. S. E. of
the river Cavta. The iflnnd c,'' St. John
lies Jult oiF tite liver's mouth, and makes
• very good harbour on the infide of it.
But the pnflUge both in and out, U dif.
Ilcult, and no pilots are to b< had.
TvscALOMSA, a river of W. Flori.
da. See Ptarl Hh/er.
TusCAROitA Creek, a fmall ftream of
Pennfylvania, which empties through
the S. W. bank of Juniatta river, 1 1
teilet fouth-eailward of Le\«iftown.
TusCARORA f^llagei, lie a milefrom
each other, 4 miles from Quecnftown,
in Upper Canada, containing together
•bout 40 decayed houfet. Vcftiges of
ancient fortifications are vifible in this
neighbouiliood. The Indian houfes are
Rbout t* feet I'quare ) many of them are
wholly covered with baik, others have
the walls of logs, in the fame manner
at the firft fitttlers among white people
built their huts, having chimnies in
which they keep comfortable fires.
Many of them, however, retain the an>
cient cuftom of having the .fire in the
centre of the houfe. The lands in the
Vicinity are of a good quality.
Tu SCAR OR AS, a tribe of Indiana In
the State of New-York. They migrat-
ed from North- Carolina, about the year
171a, and were adopted by the Orieidas,
with whom they have fince lived, on the
fuppolltion that they were originally the
fame tribe, from zn afEnitv which there
ia in their language. They now con-
^ of about 400 loulfly their village is
NHltai
Kahnanwolobalt Hi
Steckbrldffe, on Tafcarera or Ofkld<
Creek. The/ receive an aanoity of
abewt 400 dollar* from tht United
States.
TvtiKARAWi, the ancient naot of i
head water of Miiikingum rIvOT. Ulk
alfo called Tucarawat.
Twtapah, a laife town on tht W.
coaft 9t New-Mexico, in tht N. Pacific
Ocean. Prom th«? river 8acatiUa|» tho
high and rugged land extenda N. Vf .
a 5 leagues.
T wiLVMUitt, or T'whftJ^bt,
ifies on the S. fide of Lake Surtrior.
and on the 8. fide of the mouth of Waft
Bay.
TwRKTr MiM Crtek, an e«fttni
branch of Tomhighee rivei , in Oti.rgtnt
which runt fit ft a S. by E. courfc, tneik
tumt to tht S. W. I tt mouth Ilea ia
about lar. ]). jv N. and long. IK. W.
TWBNTr FlVR Mat P«lMf|« Attlt^
inent in Lincoln co. Dit^iiA of Malat.
See TitciMk.
TwiGHTWita, a uib«. of IndtanCf
in the N. W. Territory, inhahitin? neat
Mi.<mi river and Foit. Warriors loo*
See ttawiaehtonti*
Tyi ai M.i«</, on the cnafl of Geor*
gia, liet at the mouth of Savannah river^
to the fouthward of the bar. It is very
plealatrt, with a beautiful creek to the
Vv. of it, where a fhip of any burden
may lie fafe at anchor. A light-houfk
(tands on the ifland, to ftct high, and
in lat. 3a. N. and long. ti. 10. W.
The light houfe is 7 milvs E. S. E.J(
E. from Ssvxnnah, and 6 S. \V. | \V. •
from Port Royal.
Tyboime, a townfhip of PennfylvR-
nia, in Cumberland county.
TYOART'ir<(r%, in Fennfylvaiila^
lies on Monongahela river.
^ Tycer, a fmall river of S. Carolina,
rifes in the All.ghany Mountains, and,
taking a S. £. courle nearly parallel to
Enoree river, empties into Broad rivov
S mdcs above the Enoree.
TYNGSB0R0I7CH, a townfhio of M«f«
fach'.iretts, Midcilciex co. oriMerrlniack
nver, ]t miles north of Bollon.
TyrinGham, a townAip ot MarflJi-
chulcitii, Berkfhire co. It containa
1 397 inhabitants, lies 14 miles fr m tht
(hire t'>wn, and 140 weft of Bofton.
Tyrone, two ti ^fhipaof PennfyU.
vaoia } the one in York co. the other ia
that of Cnmberland*
Tr R ft n» « maritime county of liden-'
ton ditiriA, N* Carolina { bounded N.
by Roanoke river and Albem»iit; Sound,
and fuuth by Beaufort. It is generally
a low, flat, and <wampy country, and
contains 4744 inhabitantSt including
ii76(Ijivea.
u ,
Tf TCAH, Port, on the N. tV. Coaft
\J of No'th-Anitiica, is fuuated on
Wa(hingtoii's Iflaml, fouth of PottGey-
cr, and north of Port Sturgis. At its
lA'outh are Needham*s Ides. The mid-
d'e of the entrance of this bay* is in lat.
5a. *s. N.
UcAYALA River, a fouth branch of
An^azon river.
UcHKi an Indian town fituated on the
Cbata tTche river. ' It is fitunted, ac-
cording to Bartram, on a valt plain, and
u the largcft, moft conipa£l, and heft
lltiiated Indian town he ever law. The
habitations are large, and neatly hiiiit ;
the walls of the houfes arc con(tru£ted
of a wooden frame, then lathed and
plaiftered infide and out with a reddifli
well tempered clay or mortar, which
gives them the appearance of red brick
walls } and tlie roofs are neatly covered
with cyprefs bark, or (Itingles. 1'lie
town appears populous and thriving,
full of youth and young children ; iind
is ftippofed to cuntain about 1500 inha-
biiaiffs. They are able to mu(ter 500
gun-nicn or warriors. Their national
language U radically different fruni the
Creuk or Mufcogulge tongue, and is
called the Savanna or Savanuca tongue.
It is faid to be the f<«me or a dialed of
the Shawai.efe. Altliougb in contcde-
racy witli the Creeks, tluy do not mix
with tliem ; and are of importance
enough to excite the jealoufy of the
whol: Mufcogulge confederacy, and arc
ufually at variance, yet are wiie enough
to unite againd a common enemy to
liipport the interell of the general Creek
confederacy.
Ulietea, one of the Society Idands
in the S. Pacilic Ocean, is about 7 or 8
leagues fiom the idimd of Huuheine, at
S. W. by W. There are 9 uninhabited
idands wed of it. The ibuth end lies in
lat. 16. 55 S and bng. isx. ao W.
' Ul LO A, Oi St. John dt Uiloa, near the
'iveil Ihuc of the Gulf of Mexico.
tJNl
tJtsTERr a mountainoui and hilTy
county uf New. York) contaioiiig aU
that part of the State hounded eafterl/
by the middle of Hudf! u's river, lisuth-
erly by the county of Orange, wellerly'
by tilt State of Pcnnfylvania, and the
weft branch 6f Oelawai-e rWer, and
northerly by the t(*^nty of Albany. In
1790, it contained 19,397 inhabitants,
including x',906 (laves. In 17^6, there
were 4>4.S9 of the inhabitants qualified
to be ele6lors. It i» divided into 16
townlhips* Chief town, Kingfl on. A
part of this county aiid that tf Oti'ego,
were eredled into a feparate ccunty,
January, 1797.
Ulysses, one of the military town-
fliips in Onondago co New-Yoik, fitu*
ated at the foutiiern end of Cayuga
Lake, having He6lor on the weft, and
Dryden on theenft, which laft tuwnlhip
is included within the jniriidi£\ion of
UlylSes, wkicb was incorjiuruted in 1 794.
In 1796, 38 of the inhabitants were
ele^ors.
Umbagoo, a large lake of New^
Hamplhire, next in (n.t to Lake Wini»
pifeogee. It lies in Grafton co. and j^
imalt part of it in the Diftri£l of Maine.
Ui^adilla, a river uf the State of
New- York, called alio Ttanadtrbii,
runs i'outhwakd, and joining the Maiu
Branch, forms Chenengo river,
Un ADiLt A, a townfliipof New- York,
Otiego CO. on thenonhein iide ti the
main branch of Chenengo river. It i»
about no miles iouth wtft of Albany }
and, in 1796, 501 of its inhabitantv
were electors. In the fame year, the
townlhipsof Suffrage, Otiego, and But-
ternuts, were taken from this townlliip,
and incorporated.
IJ N AK A Mountain. See Tewiejfee.
Unami, a trilie of the Pelawarc In-
dians, conluiered to be the head ot that
nation.
UNDEltHiLL.atownffiip of Vermont,
Chittenden co. t% miles eall of Cuichel-
ter, and contains 65 inhabitcints.
Union, a county of !?outh-C;!rolina,
Pinckiiey dilhid, contHining 7,693 in-
habitanti), nf whom 6,430 are whitis,
and 1,115 (Lives. It (ieitds two repre-
fentatives and one fcnator to the State
legillature. Chief town Pinckneyville.
Union, a rocky townlhip in J oliaud
CO. Connc^Ucnt, welt of Wooil(lock»
and ah lUt 11 miles N. E. of Toihm'j.
Ul. .N, a townJhip of the Diftnfit of
Maiiic»
UHI
^alAegPiiiii^n co. containing «99 in*
IwlfttS It wat incorporated Ini 786,
and lies 499 miles from Bofton.
Uniok* aj#ft-«own of the State of
New- York, 'Fioga co. on the N. fide of
Sufpuehannah river, and weft of the
toouth oi the Chenango, iii rnilesS. E.
by E. of Williamfbiiig, on Gentflce
river, 34 E. N. E.of Athens, or Tioga
Point, 9a S. W. of Cooperitown, and
S4« N. by VV. of Philadelphia. In
1796, there were in the lownfliip, 184
tof the inhabitants qualified elt^fturs.
Vmou River, or Plantation, No, 6,
in the Diftrift of Maine, is fituated in
tlancock. co. *$ milts N. £. of Penob-
foot.
I)nion -R/T/fr, in the county of Han-
toclc, Diltri6t of Maine, empties into
Blue Hill Bay, on the F. lide of Penob-
fcot Bay. Long-Ifland, :n this bay, is
in lat. 44. 25. and long. 67. 45.
Union-Town, a poft-town of Penn-
(ylvania, Fayette co» on Redftone Creek.
It contains a church, a (tone gaol, and
a brick court-houie, and about 8odwell-
ing-houfes. Near it are two valuable
merchant mills. It is the feat of the
county courts, and is 14 miles S. by E.
•f Brownlville, where Redftone Creek
enters the Monongahela, 58 miles S. of
Pittfl»urg, »4 N. E. of Morgantown,
in Virginia, and 317 W. of Fhiladel>
phia.
Unitas, a village of North-Carolina,
^tuatcd at tlje head of Gargal's Creek.
UNITED STATES, The United
States oi America occupy, perhaps, the
39th put of the habitable globe, and
the 199th part of the whole. They are
clafTed in three grand divifions.
I. The New-England, or Eastern,
er Northern States, viz.
Vermont,
New-Hamp3HIrz,
Massachusctts, including the
DiSTRicT or Mains,
RHODB-ItLANO, aad •
Connecticut.
II. The MibDLB States.
New- York,
New-Jersey,
Pennsylvania,
Delaware, and
North-West TlHRITOkV.
• III. The Southern States.
Maryland,
TiROVNtA,
Kentucky,
lC0RTH>CAB0LtNil^
TtNNt'UII,
S0UTH-CAftOLINA( lild
Ceurcia.
I«S
Thefc grand divifions, as alfo tin differs
ent States, have been already dcfcribed f
to which we refer thereader. The ter--
ritc^y of the United States it in len|(th
i,s§o miles, and in breadth 1040, lyinf
between 31. and 46. N< lat. and bctwetil
64. an4^ 1)6. W,. long, from London |
bounded ttorth and «alt by Britifh Ame*
rica, or the provinces of Upper and
Lower Canada, and Neyr-Brunfwick )
fouth-cotl by the AtlamidOcean ) fouth
by Eaft ^a4 Weft Florida, attd wcA by
th« river Mifiifippit According to Mr.
Hutchins, it contains, by computation^
a million of fquare miles, in which are
640,000,000 acrea
Dedu£l for water 5 1 ,000,000
Acres of land in the 7 ,
United States J 589.000,000
The largeft rivers that border upon, or
pafs through the United States, areMif*
fifippi, Ohio, and Tenneflfee, on the weft
fide of the Alleghany Mountains j and
the Alatamaha, Savannah, Santee, Cape
Fear, Roanoke, James, Patowmac, Suf-
quehannah, Delaware, Hudfon, Connec-
ticut, Merrimack, Piicataqua, Andrbf-
coggin, Kennebeck, and Penobfcot*
whofe general courfes are from north-
weft and north, to S. E. and fouth, and
which empty into the Atlantic Ocean.
The United States cmbofom foine of the
largeit lakes in the world. The mofk
remarkable lie in a chain along their
northern boundary upon the Canada
line, and are lakes Superior, Michigan,
Huron, Erie, Ontario, Champlaine,
George, Memphremagog, Winipifeo*
gee, and Uinbagog. The moft remark-
able Iwamps are Ouaquaphenogaw, or
Eknanfnnoka, nearly 300 miles in cir-
cumference, intheStateofGecrgiaj th»
two Dit'mals in North-Carolina, of im-
menfe extent, each containing a large
lake in its centre f.«atulBuft'»loe Swamp,
in the north -weftern parts of Penni'ylva-
nia. 'I'he principal mountains in the
United States, are, Agamenticus, in
Maine; the White Mountains and Mo-
nadnuck, in New-Hamp(hire; Wachu-
tett, in Maflachufetls ; the Green Moun-
tains, in Vermo:i)c ; and the Alleghany
Mountains, about 900 miles in Jeiigth,
and from 150 to 250 in breadth. The
tiace of the country, generally Ijpeaking,
a iiz if
1^4
yj N t
k agreeably variegated with ptainii and
ftunintaini, valet and hills. New £ng<
land, ii an uneven, hilly and rocky coun-
Vfp Anbroad fpace* including all the
If ranch of the Allczhany Mountains*
Cflimmencing at Hudson's river in New..
York, and extending eircuitondy fouth-
wefterly through all the State» weft ward
^id fouthward, Delaware excepted, i»
qsountainous. Eaftward of thcronioun*
t«im quite to the fea-coaAy a border of
ftom 60 to TOO miles, and rometimes
nnore, in breadth, is a remarkably Kvel
Qdunby,. and III the fouthern States free
of ftone. Weft of thiS' ran^e of nioiin-
taihs, i* a fine, and charmingly divrr«
fiiied country, well watered, fertile,
temptrate, and increafing in population
with unexampled rapidity. Every fpe-
cies of foil that the earth affords mny
be found in the United States j and all
the various kinds of fruits, grain, pulfe,
and garden plant* and roots which are
found in Europe \ befides a great va-
nety of native vegetable produflions.
Tobacco, rice, indigo, wheat, com,
ootton, rye, oats, barley, buck>wheat,
flax, and hemp, are amonec the princi-
pal produflions of the United' States.
The United States contlitute what
may, with ftrift propriety, be called a
Rbpublic. It conMs of (ixteen fe-
parate, independent States, having go-
vernors, conllituticns, and laws of their
own, united under a general, federal
conftitution of government, adminifter-
«d by an derive head, and by a pro-
portionate number of repreientatives
•f the people from all the States. The
merchants of this country carry on an
cxtenfive foreign trade with Ruflia,
Sweden, Denmark, Hnmhurgh, United
Netherlands, Great- Britain, Auftrian
Netherlands and Germany, France,
Spain, Portugal, and Italy, in Europe
*— with Morocco, and feveral other
parts of Africa— with China, and va-
rious Afiatic countries, and the Eaft-
India Iflands— with the Wtft-Indies,
and the N. W. coailof North America.
The principal articles exported are fifh,
lumber, live ftock, beef, pork, flour,
wheat, Indian corn, tobacco,^ rice, indi-
Co, flaie-feed, pot and pearl aflies, iron,
«rc. Tlw exports of the year^ ending
Sept. 30, >7^6> amounted to 67,1164/097
dollars. Six. years before, the vnlue of
txports wav but about 18 millions of
4|>IUi»» The tea imported into the
United States in 1791, <!ini% fttm
China, was a,6»til5* lbi» arid tho
prices in Philadcli^ia 33 per cent. low-
er than in London, the dravrback de.
duAed. The export of falted beef and
pork, in 179*, was 66,000 barrels.
The fifhing trade of the United States
i» rendered peculiarly important as a
means of defence or of annoyinjg the
commerce of hoAile nations, from the
circumftance that the Republic has not
yet adopted a naval eftablifhment. The
filhem>en> while tha: continues to be
the cal'e, may be tranfmuted by war
immediately into a corps of privateers*
men, and their fhips into private veffela
of war ;. becaufe the navy of any hoftile
nation will fulpend the fifherieS) as long
as there is no naval force to oppolc
them. The amazing importance of the
^(heries to the United States is evident
from an infpe£lion of the records of
onl^ the two counties of Suffolk and
Eflex, which comprife. the fea-ports
of'Bofton, Salem, Marblehead, Beverly,
Ipfwich, Newbury-Port, Glouce'^et,
and Haverhill. It appears that there
were taken, brought in, and libelled,
in the maritime court of thcfe two coun-
ties, during the late war, 1,095 vefTelr
with' their cargoes ; and 1 3 cargoea
taken from fuch fhip» as had been aban-
doned after capture ; making in the
whole rio8. It has been ftated by a
Hritifli premier, in the Britifh Houfe of
Commons, that the number of veflela
belongingto Great- Britain in 1774, was
6,119. fail} ofwhrch, 3,908 were Brit>
i(h built, and »,3.ii American built.
Thus above a lixth part of all their vef-
fels were brought in as prizes by them'
into the ports of the United States, with
cargoes of great value, compofed of every
fpecies of military and domeftic fupply^
in a feafon of the utmuft emergency.
It is likewife oonjeftured by* well in«
formed perfons that 55 per cent, of all
the captures was made by the people
of Maflachufetts. The capital ports
for large fhips, in the United States
(land thus ranked, Newport, inRhodc-
Idand i Portland, in the diftriA of
Maine ; and New- York. Several im-
portant branches of manufa6lure« have
grown up and flouriflied with a rapidity
which furprifes ; affording an encou-
raging aflinance of fuccefs in future at-
tempts. Of thefe the following are the
moft coqfidcrablet viz. of fiw/— tanned
ajui
UNI
«iul Uwed iMtheri, dreflcd lkitM» flioei,
boots* and flipperi, harneft and faddle-
ry of all kinda. portmanteaus and tntnks,
leather breeches, gluves, muffs and tip-
pets, parchment and glue. Of Irou-^
bar and (heet iron, (te«l, nail-rods, and
nails, impltments of liuibandry, ftoves,
pots, and other houfehold utenfils, the
fteel and iron work of' carnages and for
-fliip building, anchors, Icale beams and
weights, and various totals of ai tificers ;
arms of all kinds. O*^" '^oo<^— (liips,
cabinet wares, and turnery, wool and
-cotton cardK, and other machinery for
manufadlures and hufbamlry, mathema-
tical inftiumenrs, coopers* wares of
every kind. Of Flax and Wf«i^cable«,
iail-cloth, conlMge, twine and pack-
thread. Of Ci^— bricks and coarfe
-tiles,* and potters' wares. Ardent fpi-
rits and malt liquors. Writing and
printing paper, (hcathing and wrapping
paper, paitehoards, fullers* or prefs
papers, and paper hangings. Books.
Hats of fiu' ami wool, and mixtures of
-both. Women's Huff and -filk (hoes.
Refined lugars. Chocolate. Oil of
animals and (eeds. $oap, IpernMceti
and tallow candles.; copper and brafs
wares; particularly utenfils for diftil-.
lers, fugar refiners, and brewers ; and-
irons aiid other articles for houfehold
ufc; clocks, philoiophical apparatus;
tin wares of almoll all kinds for ordi-
nary ufe ; carriages of all kinds ; fnuff,
fmoaking and chewing tobacco; ftai'ch,
and hair powder:; lampblack, and other
painters' colours; printers' ink, mag-
nefia, gunpowddr. Befides the manu-
faAuit:s of thefe articles, which are car-
ried on as regular trades, and have at
tained to a confiderable deg!-ee of ma-
turity, there -is a vaft fcene of houfe-
hold manufa£turing, which contributes
very largely to the fupply of the com-
munity. Religion here is placed on its
proper bafis, vMithout the feeble and
unwarranted aid of the civil power, and
is left to be fupported by its own evi-
dence, by the lives of its profcnbrs, and
by the Almighty care of its Divine Au-
thor. The following denominations of
ChrilHans are more or lefs numerous,
viz. Congrega' lonalilH, Presbyterians,
iEpifcopalians, Jutch Reformed Church,
Baprifts, Quakers, Methodifts, Roman
Catholics, German Lutherans, German
Calvinifts, Moravians or United Breth-
ren of the Ejpifcopal Church, Tunkers,
UP? 5*1
Mennonlfts, Univerfalills, and ShukM*
There are a <ew Jews, and many who
rejefl revealed relieion at unneceflary*
inconvenient, and nbulous ; and plead
tbe fufficiency of natural religion. IB^
1790, there were about 3,950,000 in*'
habitants in the United States; 697,697
of whom were flaves. The prefent.
number is probably above four milltont'
and a half, made up of atmoft aUth«
different nations of Europe, but prinei-
pally of the defcendanirs of the Engliflr
nation. The military ftrength of this
countiy lies in a well difcipiined militiai
of about 900,000 brave and indqiendent
freemen, and an army of about 3 or
4.000 men to defend the frontiers of
the Union, and to man the feveral for-
trelTcs in the different parts of the
United States. The fum voted by Con-
grel's to fupport the naval and military
elfablifhrnent of the United S ates for
1796, w:is 1,8 r 8,87 3'dollais. The civil
lift is about 300,000 dollars annually.
See America, Sortb- America f &c.
Unity, a fettlement in Lincoln col
Difti-iii of Maine, between the Weft
Ponds, 7 or 8 miles W. of Sidney, op-
pofl'e to Vaflalborongh, and 1 5 milet
N. W. of Hallow. II. It liM on Sandy;
river, about 16 miles from its mouth. '''^''
Unity, a townfhip of New-HamjU'
fliire, fituated in Chefhtre county, a f«w
mile's north-eaft of Charlefton. It was
incorporated in 1764, and contains 538
inhabitants.
Unity Tbwir, in Montgomery co,
Maryland, lies z or 3 miles from Patux-
ent river, ii from Montgomery court-
huufc, ntul 24 northerly of the city of
Waftiingron.
Upatchawanan, or Temi/cammn,
a Canadian fettlement in N. America, in
lat. 47. 17, 30. N.
Upfer Ali^oways CrMi(, in Salem
CO. New-Jedey.
Upper Bald EAnLB,a townlliip of
Pennlylvaiia, in MitHincounty.
Upper District, a divifion of
Georgia, wliicii cotitainsthecountiesof
Montgomery, Wafliingtof\, Hancock^
Greeiu', Franklin, Ogletborp, Elbert,
Wilkes, Warren, Columbia, and Richr
motui.
Up-PBR. Dublin a townlhlp of Penn-
fylvania, in Montgomery county.
Upper Frbeholo, a townfhip ^
New-Jerfey, Monmotit^i co. adjoining
to Burlington and Midulefcx counties
Nn 3 w
566 U R B
OB the north tnd fouth.weft, and Free>
bold on the eatt. It contains 3441 in-
habitante.
UPPBIlGftBATMOKADNOCK,inthe
tpwnlhip of Lcmington, in the north-
caft comer (^ Vermoat> on Coiine&icot
river.
UpFBa HANOVBa* a townfliip of
Pdnnfylvania* Montgomery county.
Upper Mahlborouch^ a pod-
town of Maryland; 16 mile* fouth^eaft
of Bladenfburg, 15 north-eattof Pifoat-
•way, and 16* fouth-weli of PhiiadeU
jpbia.
Uppbr Milford> a townfliip of
Pcnnfylvania, Northampton county.
Uppbr Penh's Neck, a townfliip
of New-Jerfey, Salem county.
Upper Saura* a place in N. Caro.
lina, on Dan rivcT) about aoo m.W » from
Halifax.
Upper Savage JJIandt, in Hud-
|bn'» Bay. N. lat. 61. 31. 30, W.
long. 70. 48.
Upton, a townfliip of MaflTachufetts,
Worcester co. concaining 900 inhabi.
tants, difperlied on 1 3,000 acres of land,
favourable for orcharding, palluragc,
Bndgrafs.- It is weft of Sherburne in
Middkrex co. 15 miles Ibuth-eaft of
"Worcefter, and 3S fouth-weft of Bof-
ton.
Upright Bay, near the weft end of
the Straits of Magellan. S, lat, 53. 8.
W. long. 7S. IS'
Uracho, a river, on the eaft coaft
^f S* America, is 18 leagues W. N.W.
of Caurora river,
Uracua, a province in the eaft di-
▼ifion of Paraguay, iii South- America,
whofe chief town is Los Ruycs.
Urano, a river on the north coaft of
$• America, which enters the ocean
abreaft of the wei^ernmoft oi' the Peritas
Jflands, obout three leagues weftward ot'
Comana Bay. It only admits ihiall boats
and canoes. Otchier Bay is to the W.
of it.
•' Urbanna, afmallpoft-town of Vir-
ginia, Middlel'ex co. on the Ibuth-weii
Jide of Rappahannock river, ai utiles
.^°om Stingi'ay Point, at the inouth of
the river, 73 Ibuth-ealt ot Frcderickf-
t>urgt 73 eaft by ibuth of Kicltmond, z8
from Tappahannock, and 291 from
Philadelphia, Wheat is flii|>ped from
this. to Europe, and Iiuiian coin, &c. to
N«w.£ngland, -Nova-Scvtia, and the
Weft-Jndics,
Y A O
Urvaio, or Urvaigat a province ^
South America ) boundtd by Guayra
on the north, the mouth of Rio de la
Plata on the fouth, the captainiy of del
Key on the Ei and Parana on the W.
from which it is divided by the river of
that name. Its extent is from lat. 25.
to 33, »o. foulh } the length fromnorth-
eatt to foiuh-eaft being (onicwhat above
*%o leagues, and the breadth from E.
to W. where broadtft, 130, but much
naiTower in other parts. It is divided
by tlie river Urvaiga, or Uruguay into
the eaft and weft parts. This river nms
above 400 leagues, the upptr pnrt with
a prodigious nolle among rocks and
ftones, and falls into the La Plata almoft
oppofiteto Buenos Ay res.
UsTAYANTHO Lake, See Uifyyan-
tha.
Utawas, a river which divides Up-
per and Lower Canada, and falls into
JcfuB Lake, iii miles fouth- wrft of
Quebec. It receives the waters o» Tina,
miikamain 360 miles Irom its tnoiitlit
85 miles above it, is called Montreal
<;iver.
Utrecht, ^im;, a toWnfliip of New-
York, King's CO. Long-Ifland. It has a
Dutch church, and contains 561 inhabi-
tants ; of whom 76 are electors, -^nd zo<S
are flaves. It is 7 or 8 miles foudiwurd
of New-York city.
UxBRiDGE, a townfliip of Mafliichu-
fetts, Worcefterco. 41 miles fouth-weft
of Bofton. It was taken from Mtndon,
and incorpoi-atcd in 1727, and North -
bridge was afterwards taken from it. It
contains 180 dwelling-houfes, and 1308
inhabitants. It is hounded ibuth by the
State of Rliode-lfland. Not far from
Shoe- log Pond, in tlic fouth-weft part
of the town, there is an iron mine which
is improved to' confiderable advantage.
VACCASfCayo, oneof theTortugas,
or Florida Keys, to thceaftward of
Bahia Homia ; the dillancf betwei n
them is 4 leagues, and the coaft in iisdi-
reftion turns to the northward. Onthe
S.fideof CayoVaccas, about 8 miles from
the W. tn'l, there are wells offrefh wa-
ter. A thick range of'illrs jroby thi?
name. Bahia Honda is In lat. 44. 35>N.
Vacca, called alio the Cows, or
VAX.
Veafs, 7tmgfu, a low point tm A^ W.
coalt of Chili) in S. America, which
Iboundt the Bay ot' Tongtuey to the well-
ward.
Vache, or Cvws IJlandt lies on the
fouih coaft of the i'nuthern peninfiiia ot
the irtand of St. Domingo, and is al)out
4f leagues ionvr. and in the broadeit
mrt a league and a half, from N. to S.
The S. point is 3 leagues E. of Point
Ahacou; ?ind in ht. 18.4.. N. ;ind long,.
^Vom Paris 76.1. W, It has a very good
foil, with %w I tolerable ports, and lips
very conveniently tor trade with the
iSpanifli colonies oivthe continent, and
wifh t^aymne. The leamert cnll this
A(h Ifland, a corruption from Vath, as
it is pronounced.
Vach et le Torreau, or Cow
nnd Bull Rocks, on the Ibuth coalt of
Newfoundland I (land, are about a mile
S E. of Cape St. Mary, which is the
point between the deep bay of P'acen-
tia on the W. and Sr. Mary's Bay on
^he e-.ft. They are fair above water,
txit there art: others near them which
lurk underwater.
Vae's Ijlnnd, Anthony, a fmaJI ifland
on the E. coa(t ot Brazil, inS. America.
It lies to the fouthwaixl of the I'andy
Rcceif, ami oppodte to it, which m join-
ed to the continent by a bridge.
Vaisseaux IJlandf on the N. Oiore
jpf the Gulf of Mexico. See Skip Jjtcind.
VaIADOLID, of Falladolidt called by
the Indians Comnyagua, is the chief
^ity of the province of Honduras, in
Ntw-Spajri. It is the feat of the Go.
vernor, and is a bilhop's fee, (iiffra^:mt
of Mexico, Ijnee the year 1558. !t is
ieated on a plain, 3.0 miles VV. of the
Gulf of Honduras, 170 S. W. of Trux-
iilo, and V>5 S. E. of Merida. ^. lat.
14. 10. VV. long 51. »i.
Valdivia. Stt Baidivia.
Valencia, a town in th • province
•f Caracas, on Terra Firma, South
America, about So miles N. of fiap>
quicimtto, and 250 W. of Cumana, N.
lat. JO. W, long 67.
Vallev Fovi^ts a place on Schuyl-
kill river, 15 miles from Phila telphia.
Here Gen, Walluiigton remained with
hij army, in huts, (luring the w iiter of
1-jTlr after the Britiih had taken pof
icflloh of that city.
Valparaiso, a large and popu'ous
town of Chili, in South-America, hav-
in]|r a havboui' forming the port of St.
^ VfiG 56;
J<ig«>» W I«t. )). ■« s6. S. tnd lonfr
77. 3f . W. It ia 390 milii fi. of the
ifland of Juan Femandct. It carried on
a confiderabk trade with the port qf
Callao. ^
VANCOuvtR*< Fort, in Kentwlcf,
ftands at the junftion of the two
branches of Big Sandy rivefi so mile*
N. of Harniar's Station.
Van Oykes^ Joft and Little, ty/ro of
the Imaller Virgin lOands, (ituated t«
the N. W. of Tortola. H. lat. it. %$.
W. long. 63. 15.
Vannstowm, ih the countiy of t{ie
Cherokees, lies on a branch of Al^ban^y
river.
Va«e River, Au, empties into the
Miffilippi from the N. E. 3 miles below
the Great Rock, about 55 N.W. hy N.
of the mouth of the Ohiq, and about the
liime difUnce N.M^. of Fort Maflac. It
is navigable into the N. W. Territory
about 60 miles, through a rich country,
abounding in extenfive natural mea-
dows, and numberlefs heids oi buifehx,
deer, &c. It is about eight miles above
CIpe Sn Antonio. t
VAS^AUBOROtTGN, a poft-town of
the Diftrifl of Maine, in Lincoln co,
on Kenneheck river, half way between
Hallowell and Winflow, lo^mile^N.
by F. of Bofton, and 551 from Phila-
delphia. It was incor))orated in 1771*
and contains 1140 inhabitants.
Vauclin Bay, on the eaft coaft of
the ifland of Martinico. Vauclin Point
forms the fouth fide of Louis Bay, on
the E. court o\' the fame idand.
VAVAOO.oneof the Friendly Iflands
in the S uth Pacific Ocean. It' is about
two days fail from Ha; aee.
Vealtown, a village of New-Jer-
fey, near B;Wkenridgc, about 7 milef
Ibuth- welterly of Mornfiown.
Veau, Attfe a, a village on the north
fide of the luuth penintul^ of the ifland
of St. Domingo. 5 leaguts W. by N. of
Miragoane, 4^ eultward of Petit Trou,
and 19 N. E. ot Les C'ayes.
VtOA, oi- Conceftion of la Vega Real,
a town in the N. E. part of the illand
of S:. J>)mingo, on the road from
St. Domingo city to Daxahon. It is
littiated near the he:Hl of Yiina ..ver,
>vhich empties into tn^ bay of S-iutana}
12 leagues N. W. by VV, of Cotuy,
and about 38 tulterly of Daxavoii, or
Daxabon. I( Ifands on a brautilol plain
among the mountaiiW) on the very I'pot
N n 4 whii'^
whcfe GuMrhmxt cacique of M k'tngu
(dom of Magua. had i elided. In 1494,
or i4VS> t^ic lettkment of this town wm
hepn by Columhua. Eight year* niu r.
It had become a city of impn'tance, and
^imtimea durin^^ the ytar, there were
•40,000 cruwni in golilt minted at thik
plac^. It was almoft ueftroyed by an
earthquake in 1 564.
ViiQA} St. Jagt dt la. See Spanijb
Vejas, or Morn dt Vejas, on the
coatt of Pmuj is^ about ball a league
£rom the ifland ofLoboa.
Vbi A» a cape on the coaft of Teira
Firma, S. America, m about lat. is. N.
and long. 7a. W. and alraut 18 leagues
N« by E. of the town oi La Hacha.
VsLAS, or Velafco. a port on the weft
coaft of NeW' Mexico, is 7 leagues N.
W. by N. of the Morro Hermoiigi, and
S from St. Catharine's Puint.
VslicaLA, a town on and near the
head of ihepcninlul.t ol Cil.ibrnia, near
the coaft ot the N. Pricifc Ocean, and
.aortheily Uom And )(e i'oint. N. lat.
tbout ao. 35. W. lung. 115. ^o. »
Vk N>A N CO f(,rt% See T^n Franklin.
V£NEZV£LO, a province of Terra
J'irma, bounded eaft by Caracas, Ibuth
by New-Grana<ta, weft by Kio de lu
Hacha, and un the north by the Nortli
&a. It abounds wilh game :uid wild
bca!!a, producing plenty of corn twice a
year, with fruits, fugar, and tobacco,
snd the beft cocoa plantations in Ame-
rica. It fpreads round a gulf ot the
fame name that reaches pear jO leagues
within land} and the middle of this
country is occupied by alake^ac leagues
long, and 30 bro:.d, with a circumie
rence of 80, and navigable for velTels of
thirty tons. It communicates with the
gulf by a ftrait, on which is btiilt the
city of Marac'iiho, which gives name to
both lake am' ftrait, which is defended
t>y fevcral fortb, which were attacked in
the lafi century by Sir Heniy Morgnn
and the whole coait luid un«ier contri-
bution, and M.iracaibo lauromed. The
province is aboui ion leagues in length,
and as mucli in hreailth. It had its
name from its liuuli l.«goon$, which
make il appear like Vtnic- at lie en-
trance of tlic lake. The Spaniards niaf
facred alcove a million ot th<; natives in
1518. In 1550, the country was again
depopulated , w\Kn a great number of
black flavcs were broug^ht from Africa,
VER
and was one of the principal epocbi of
the introduAion oi negroes into tha
Weft- Indies. Soon after, a revolt of th«
negrock was the caufe of another mafra«
ere, and Vencxuela became again a de-
iert. At picfent it is laid to cohtaio .
about ico,oco tnh.ibitar.ts, who live to-
lerably happy, nnu raife great numbers
of European fhtep. They cultivate to«
bacco and fugar, which are tamous over
all America. 7 hey manufaAure alfo
fome cuttun ftuffs. It has many popu-
lous towns, and iti waters have gold
lauds, its capital, of the lame name, or
Cora, ftan.ls near the fea-conf^, about 50
miles S. E> of Cape St. Roman. N.
lat. 10. 30. W. lung. 70. 15.
Venezvelo, a Ipacioits gulf of the
fame pwvince, communicating by a
narrow ftrait- with Maracaibo Lake.
See the former ai tide.
Vent A de Crux, a town on the Ifth-
mus ot Darien and Terra Firma. Here
the Spanifh merchandife from Panama
'o Poitu Bcllo is embarked on (he river.
Chagre, 40 mite.s iouth of the latter, and ^
3o north of the former. N. lat. 9. a6.
W. long. 81. 36.
Vento Sierra, on the north coaft of
S. America, are mountains fo named,
behind the land called Punt a de Ddrio,
opi-ofite to Tonugas Ifland.
Venus, Pmnt, in Otaheit- Ifland, in
the South Pacific Ocean, is the eaft
poin; of Matr.vai or Port Royal Bay,
and north point of the ifland. S. lat.
17. 19. W. long. 149. 36.
Vera Cruz, La, the grand pert of
Mexico, or New- Spain, having a I'afe
haibour protefftd by a fort, fituated on
a rock of an ifland nearly adjoining,
called St. John de Ulloa, in the Gulf uf
Mexico, it is, perhaps, one ol the
nioft confiderable places lor trade in the
world, being the natural centie of the
American tieafure, and the mngnzine
for all tht; mcichandize I'ent from New-
Spain, or th.it is tranfported thither
trom Europe. It nceives a prodigious
quantity ot £?.ft- India prttUice by way
of Acapulco, Irom the Philippine
Iflands. iViolt of its houfes arc built of
wood, and the number of Spanifli in«
habitants is about 3000, mulattoes and
luungrels, who call thtrmlelves white.
It is rather unhealthy, from the rank
bogs around it. N. lat. 19. la. weft:
lonjr. ^y, 30. It is in the eaft extremity
of the province of Tlafcala, or Los An>>
gelos.
geloi.
mile*
Good
mined
fliipi
men hi
S.F.
VBl
hour
Tag9,
Efpiri
£jp,r
VEH
feloi. At the OM Town, 15 or 16
milet further weft, Cortex lamk • on
Good Fridaf, 1518, whin, bcin^ u 1 -
mined to conquer or die, he iiink the
fliipi that tranl'ported his handful oi
men hirher. L\ Vera Cruz i« 115 inilei
S. E. of the ci?y of Mexico.
Vera Crux, La, an excellent har-
bour in the Bay of San Felip« Sant-
Tage, on the north fide ot tlic Illand
E/firitu SoHto. See 7itrra Aujirdl del
Bjpirltu Sant$,
Vekagua, by Ulloa made a province
of Terra Firma, in South America, hue
others have it as a province oK Guati-
mala and New Spnin, in N. America;
joining on the W. to Cotta Kica; on
the K. to Panama; with the North 8ca
on the north, and the bouth Sea on
the fouth. The coall was iirlt difcover-
ctl hy Chriftopher Colunibus in 1503,
to whom it wail granted with the title
of Duke, and his poileiity ftill enjoy it.
The province is very mountainous,
woixly, and har^n, but has incxhaufti
ble mines of filver, and Ibme golwl, the
<luft of the latter heiiig found among
the fands of the rivers. Santiago dc
Verat^uas, or Santa Fe, the capital, is
but a poor place ; and in this pr. vince
is the river Veragua, on which that
town (lands.
VEitA,GUA, the river above mention-
ed, empties into the Tea 18 leagues to
the fouth-eaft of the river or lake of
Nicaragua, in lat. 10. 5. N. Here is a
very good port ; bdt the iHand at its
mouth is foul. The hell anchorage is
on the well and fouth fides next the
main, where fliips may ride under fl^ore
in from f to 9 fathoms, and lafe troni
the north and eafteily winds, that are
moftvioientonthiscoail. Several iilands
lie off from the couft, both fingly and
in clufters, from this to Cape Gracias a
Pios; and to the eaftward from hence is
Chagre river.
Vera Paz* a province of t\w audi-
ence of Guatimala, and New- Spain, in
N. America. It has the Bay of H ruUi-
ras and Chiapa on the north, Guatimala
on the fouth, Hondur.'is on the ead, and
Soconufca, with part of Chiapa, on the
weft. It is ^i leagues long, and 28
broad. The landb arc mountainous,
yielding little corn, but abounding in
cedar, &c. The principal commodities
are drugs, cocoa, cotton, wool, honey,
&c. lU capital of the iiime name) or
VER |6«
Cohan, (lands on the weft fide of a rivtf
which runs into Golfo DnUe, 184 miJ«|
E. of Guatimala. N. lat. 15. 10. Wi
long. 93. 15.
ViRDB, or Qret»)flMd, on theN*
coaft of S. America, >• at the mouth of
the river St. Martha.
Vs RD E Key, one of theBahama Iflandfc
N. lat. IS. It. W. long. 71;. 15.
Verde, Porto, wVtdra, i* on th*
N. Atlantic Ocean, about ^\ leagues S.
E. by E. of Rio Roxo. The iHand of
Blydonea it at the entrance of this port^
round whicti ihips may fai^on any fide*
there being 7 fathoms on the N. wherw
it is (hoaleft, and 70 fathoms on the S,
fide, where is the belt entrance into the
river. This is a port of good trade, and
Ibmetimes large (tiips put in here. Thi
illands of Bayonne ar« 5 leagues to thf
S. of the ifland in the mouth ot the port.
Verderone, or La Bourlaraerie,
an ifland on the £. coall of Cape Bre*
tun Ifland. It is 7 or 8 leagues longf
and at each end is a channel, through
which the waters of the Labrador Lakes,
in the inner part of Cape Breton Ifland,
difcharge into tlie ocean on the E.
Verb, a parifli of the ifland of Jaihai-
ca, having Maiiury Bay in it; a very /e-
cure road for (i)ipping.
Vergennes, a poll-town, and one
of the molt growing and commercial
towns of Vermont, in Addiibn co. on
Otter Cr«tk, about fix miles from its
mouth in L»ke Champlain. It is regu-
ariy laid out, and contains a Congrega-
tional church, and about 60 huufes. In
its neighbourhood arc feveral mills. It
is 1 1 5 miles N. of Bennington, is S. of
Buriir>gton,and 407 N. E. by N. of {Phi-
ladelphia. The townlhip contained soi
inhabitants in 1790.
VbRiNA, a fmall viPage, t.nd Spanifli
plantation of New- Andalufia, and Ter-
ra Firma, S. America. Its tobacco it
reputed the belt in the world. It lie^
60 miles E of Cumana.
Vermlja, or KermUlioii Bay, on the
north Ihore of the Gulf of Mexico, or
coaft of Loiiifiana. It is to the N. W.
of Atonfion Bay, in about lat. 30. N«
and long. 91. W.
Vermejo, or Bermejo, an ifland and
port on the ct>nft of Peru, s degrees N.
and a little W. of Lima. It is4 Icaguet
from Mongon on the N. and 6 from
Guarmey Port on the b.
Vermillias Barreyeras, on the coaft
of
lr» V E R
df Bitsilt lictween the Iflind of St.
John's and Syponiba Ifland, which are
7 leagues afunder. Here is a large bay
wirh good anchorage.
ViRMiLviON, Putpk, or Rtd Stat a
name given by fome tO the gulf of Ca-
lii'ornia.
Vermillion Fof«/, called alfoLong
Point, it the neninfula between ^ay Pu-
in and Lake Michigan.
VBRMitLioN River, in the N.W.
.Tenitory, runs north-weflword into Il-
linois river, neruiy oppofite the .S. Y^,
end of Little Rocks, and a$7 miles from
the Miifirippi. It is 30 yardf widei but
fb rocky as not to be navigable.
Vermillion In^nireiide ISO miles
vp the Miami of the Lake.
VERMONT, of(e of the United
S^tates bf America, lies between lat. 42.
44. and 4$. north, and between long. 71 .
la.atHl?}. 15. weft. It is bounded N.
liy Lower Canada ^ E. by NewHamp
■ JOiire, from which it is feparated by Con-
nedioit river ; S. by Mafl'ichufetts }
and W. by the State of New-York. No
|>art of the State is neaicr than 70 or So
miles of any part of the ocean. Com-
puting by' the latitudes, the length of
the State irom the fouthern to the north
cm boundary is 157! miles 1 the m^an
width from E. to W. is about 65 miic^st
this will give 10,2.^7! fquare miles of
land and water. It ks divided into 11
counties, vit. thofe on Connecticut riv-
er from ft uth to north are WitKlljam,
Wintl&r,- Orange, Caledonia, and Efllx j
in a fimilar dirc^ion, alung the Nev.'-
, York line, are the counties of Benning-
ton, Rutland, Addilbn, Chittenden, and
Franklin, lietwcen which latt ami Eflex,
Jies the county of Orleans, on the north
line of the State. Thcle are liibdivided
intoiipwanis of 230 townlhips, which
are generally 6 miles fquare. In each
townfhip is a relerve of a rights of land,
* of 350 cres each, the one for the I'up-
{lort of fchools, the other to be given in
ce to the firft minifter who fettles in
*'^e townfhip. A part of the townfhips
were gianttd by the governor of New-
Mampdrire, and the other part by that
of Vermont. In thofe townlhips grant-
ed by the former, a ri^^ht of land is re-
fervtd for the fi>pport of the golpcl in
tbreign parts } in thofe granted by titc
latter, a college right, and a right lor
the liipport of country granmiar-fchoplti,
ar« rcitived. In tlicl'e reljervations, li-
V E R
beral provifion U made for the fiipperl
of the gofpel, and for the promotioii
of common and collegiate education.
Windfor, on the eall nde of the Greeif
Mountains { and Rutland, on the ytak
fide J both nearly in the centre of th?
fettled parts of the State from north to
fouth, are, according to an a^ of the Ict
giflatpre, to be alternately the feat of
Sov(srnmenr, til| abput the ypar iSoq.
lotl) are flourilhing towNf. In 1799^
according to the ceniiis then taken, the
number of inhabitants in this State was
85,589. This number has fmce greatly
inci;ealed. The people are an induftri-
ous, brave, hardy, aftive, frugal race.
The foil js deep, and of a dark colour^
rich, moiA, vzi-m, and loamy. It Kara
corn and other kinds of graih, in large
quantities, as foiun as it is cleared of the
wood, without any ploughing or prepar-
ation } and after the Hrft crops, naturally
turns to rich pa|t;«re oi- mowing. The
face of the country exhibits vtiy differ-
ent profpc£l's. Adjoining to the rivers, V
there are the wide extenlive plains of a i.
ftne level country. At a fmall dillance ■
from them, the land riits into a chain of
high mountains, interlefted with deep '
and long vallies. Delicending from the
mountainii, the ftre.<ms and riveis apf
peaj- in every part of the country, and
afford a plentiful fupply of water.
Through this State there is one continu^
ed range of mountains, which arecalle<J
the Green Moutttainst from their perpe-
tual verdure, and gives name to the
State. They extend from Lower Ca-
nada S. through the States of Vermont.
Maflachnletts, and Conntfticut, and
terminate within a few miles of the lea-
coalt. Their general dire^ion is from .
N. N. E. to S. i).W. and their extent is
through a tra£t of country, not lelis than
400 miles in length. 1 hey are generally
from 10 to 1 5 miles in breadth ; are much
interlctlcd with vr-liics; abound witii
Iprings and Urear of water j and are
covered with woods. Kellington Peak, one
ot the higheft of the Onen Mountains,
is 3,454.teet above the level of the ocean.'
All the Itreams and rivers of Vern ont
rife among the CJrcen Mountains,} hbout
35 of tiicin have an eafterly dtre^itjni -
and fall into Connefticut river j aboui
25 run welterly, and pay tribute to
Lake Champlam. 'I'wo or three run-
ning in the lame dire£lion hill into Hud-
fun's river. In the noith-eiiiterly parte
V E R
of the State, 4 or 5 ftreamt have a north-
erly c|ireAion« »n»l iHfcharge their wa-
ter« into Lake McmphrenmgoK I from
thrnce through the river St. Francis,
they communicate with the river Sc
Lawrence. The moft confiderablc on
the welt fide of the Green Mountains
are OtterCreek, Onion river, La Muille,
ancT Mifchifcoui. On the eall (Ide of the
Green Mountains, the rlver^ are not i'o
lar^e a« thofe on the weft, but tlity are
inoie numerous. The largeft arc Wan-
taiiiquek, or Well river. White river
and Poouiaomliick. The earth is ge-
f^erally covered with liiow from the
middle of December to the middle of
March, and in Tome high lands, to the
depth of 4 or 5 feet. Since the coun-
try hat been cleared, the winters have
proved milder. Vegetation advances
in the fpring with great rapidity. Irun
and icid ores of leveral kinds, pipe-
clay, which has been wrought into du-
rable c< ucibleSy and quarries yf wliite,
^ey, aiKl variegated marble, have been
iound in different parts of this State.
Tile trade of Vermont is pruicipally to
Bortoh, Hartford and New York j to
which places the inhabitants export
horfes, beef, pork, butter, cheele,
wlieat, flour, iron, nrtils, pot and pearl
allies. Great advanraires may accrue to
Vermont, from the nianufaftures of iron.
Large qunntities ot iron-ore are found
in feveral of tin towns on the weft fide
of the Green Mountams. Tinmouth,
Rutluiui, Pittsford, and Shorehain con-
tain great quantities. Tlie ore in thcfe
towns is of a reddi/h kind, mixed with
earth, tin6>ured with yellow ore. It
melts eaiily, and poduces from one-
fourth to one leventli of iron. The
iron 18 moftly ot the coldfliire kind }
' ' 'works cafily, and makes excellent nails.
;> The principal part of the ore hitherto
' vfed, has been brought from a moun-
tain on the weft fide of Lake Cham-
plain, about 4 miles north of Crown*-
Pojnt. Some grains oi pure iron, near
ly as big as a pea, have been found in
, this ore. This ore is lb peculiarly rich,
- that, whai well managed, it will yield
' four-fevenths of pure iron, but is very
hard to melt. In 1792, feveral torgcs
and furmces were erefted. In Ben-
4 nington CO. they have i forge j in Rut-
land CO. 14 i in Addifon co. 4 ; and in
Chittenden co. z. In addition to which
there are 3 turn^es in Rutland county.
V E R it^
From thefe, great auantitica of lMir^t|io«
ind naili ire made. Nature, inilced^
'eems to have defigned ihia part of tlie
United Staei t9 be the £r«t of flouriih-
mg manufa£tures of every thing that
can be made of iron or fteel. The other
chief manufa£kure« are pot and peaif
a(hes» maple fugar, and fpiriti diftilie4
hom grain. Moft familiea manufac-
ture a coniiderable part of their cloath-
ing. In no country it common cduca«
tion more attended to. In this refpcft
the conduct of the people it laudable
and exemplary, ' A charter for a r'.chly
endoweil univeriity wat granted by the
legiflatare of thit State, in 1791, to be
eliablilhed at Burlington ; and 311,000
acres of land have been relierved, in the
leveral grants made by thit State, for
the uit; of the univerfity. In 1791, the
ftate of the militia wat as follows t ao
regimenti of infantry, divided into S
brigades, and 4 divifions ) 1 5 compa-
nies of cavalry, and 6 companies of ar-
tillery ; the whole computed at i8,50**
Vermont fends two repreientativcs to
Congrel's, and hat been fettling onljr
fince at.out the year 1764. The In.
dians were never numerous here ; and.
at ptefept it it entirely deftitute of
them.
VffRNON, a place in Suffex eo. Nevr-
Jericy, eaft of the fource of Wall Kill,
and about ii miles N. E. of Newtown.
Vernon, Mount, the feat of General
Wafliint;ton. See Mount VernOH.
Verrettes, a fcttlement in the
Fi-ench part of the Ifland of St. Domin.
go, on the S. W. bank of Artibonite
river J 4 miles S. by E., of the ijettle-i.
ment of Petit Riviere.
Versailles, the chief town of
Woodford CO. Kentucky ; fituated on a
fmall ftieam which falls into Kentucky
river. It contains a court-houle, ftone
gaol, and about 30 houfes, and lies ij
miles W. by S. of Lexington.
VkrshiRe, a town.'hip of Vermont,
Orange co. adjoining Fairlee, and con-
taining 439 inhabitants.
\£.KT Bay, or Green Bay, in the
Straits of Noi thumberland, in N. Ame-
rica, opens to the N. E. oppofite St.
John's illand. The head of the bay ap.
proximatcs within la miles of the north-
eafternmoft bianch of the Bay of Fun-
dy. It is about 10 leagues to the N.
W. of Tatamagauche Harbour, and
ferves in part to fepaiate the Briti(h
piovincca
|7i V I L
CnrincM of Nov«-8cotia and New.
uufvyick,
VitHL int «n the eaft ilMre of
I«akt Champliln, fets up to the N. E.
Ill th« townlhip of Charlotte, in Ver-
tnonu
VicioaA-S f/last {Ilea of the Bny of
llondat on the coaft of Hondurub, oi
tlie Spanifh Main.
ViCTOaiA, a town of New Mexico.
• ViCTOftlA, an idiinil on tlie coaft
0f Bt-aaii, eaftward of St. Sebaftian*»
til (ltd.
Vktorv, Crtr, ia the extreme N.
%V. point of the Stiniti of M;tj»cllan, at
the opening to ihe S. Pacific Ocean. S.
jat. 5«. 1$. W. long. 76. 40.
ViCTORYt a townlhip of Vermint,
ituatcii in Etkx co ami bounded talt
%y Guildhall, on Conrtefilcut river.
VibNNA, a port of enu'^ and pull-
town of the eaftern fliore uf Maryland,
Soi-chefter coun<y, on the weft lide of
Nanticoke river, aboat 1 5 ntiUi from its
mouth. It contains about ^o hoult-it,
but carriei on a brifk trade wiih the
neighbouring fea-ports, in lumHrr, corn,
wheat, tec. its foreign exports in 1 794-t
•nraunted to 1,667 dollars. It isi 1 j
niles N. W. of Silifljury, 3* S- S. E.
tot Eafton, and 150 S. S. W. of Pliila.
delphia.
VIENNA, the capital of Greene co.
Kentucky ; fitnatcd on tlie nftrth fide of
ijreen river, about 158 miics W.S.W.
•f Lexington.
ViiiLA Je Mofc, a town in the pro-
vince cf Tabaico, 4 leagues from the
town of Eftape, on Tabafco river.
Vjlla f/ermofo, a town of Mexico or
New-Spain, near the mouth of a river
which lalls into the Bay of Campeuchy,
and G«lf of Mexico.
Villa Notai in Brazil, about 120
miies weft o( Porto Stguro, and as fa)'
iuurh-eaft by foulh of Carlofa.
Villa Hica, ov Aimer ia^ a town of
Tlufcala crNcw-Spain, inN. America.
It itands on the coaft on a fmnll river,
having 'an indititrcnt port, but in a bet-
ter air than Vera Cruz, 20 Ica3;ues nt'i th
of the latter. A clandeiUne trade is
tarried on here between fome o\ tiie
iiipanilh merchants on (liore, and tlie
Frmch oT St. Domingo and Martinique.
Villim, La, a town and rivtr of Vcr-
agwa and Guntitnala audience, in New-
Spain. It is about 7 leagues from Nala,
^t/fdciing on Panama. The river Is
VI K
very largti ard at low water breakt at
the mouth at on a flat (hore ) to that
large Ihipa anchor within cannon Ihot,
but barks of about 40 tons may go up
about a league and a half. The harbour
i* n quarts r uf a league above the town.
About a league to the windward, it a
lirge rock, gitivrally covMcd with vaft
numbers 01 wild tuwl.
Vinalhavkn, a townAiip on tha
CO tft of the Ddlrifl of Maine, in Han-
cock CO. containing 578 inhabitants. It
is fouth caft of Dew Ifland, and 35^
miles from Bofton.
Vincent*, Fart, in theN. W. Ter-
ritory, (tands on the taft fide of Wabalh
liver, 150 miles from its mouth. It waa
ere6>t:d in the year 1 7*7, in orler to re-
pel the incuriions ui theWab.lhlndians,
unii to liicure the wcltcrn lands fi''im in-
truding fettlers. It has 4 fmall brafa
cannon, and is gcrrifoned hy a Major
;ind 1 companies. I'he town of Vin-
cents contained, in 1797, about i,joo
touls, principally of French extra£lion.
It is 300 miles S. W. of Fort Recovery.
N. lat. 39. I s- W. long. 90. 7, They
raile Indian corn, and wheat } and to-
bacco of an extraordinary good quality 4
I'uperier, it is faid, to that produced iu
Virginia. They have a fine breed of
horJes, brought originally by tlie In-
dians from the SpamOi fettlemcnts, on
the weftern fide of the Miilifippi. Here
are large herds of fwiiie, and black cat-
tle« and the Ici tiers deal with the In-
dians ior furs and decr-lkins. Hemp
of a good quality grows f^>...iitaneoufly
in th» low lands of the Wabalh ; as do
grapes, uf which 4he inhabitants make
a fufficient ^uantity^ for their own con-
fumption, ot well-tatted red wine. Hops*
large and good, are found in many
places, and the lands are particularly
adapted to the culture of rice. Afl
Euiopean fruits thrive well, both here»
and in the country bordering on the
river Ohio.
VinClnt, ^/. one of the 14 captain-
ships of Brazil, in S. America, and tli«
molt ibutherly one. The capital is aa
inconfiderable place, with only about 60
houfes, and the harbour will not receive
large vcHlls. It has 5 or 6 fugar- mills,
and lies 76 leagues fouth-vveft of Rio
Janeiro. S. lat. 13. 40.W. long. 45. 10.
Vincent, St. a town on the coaft of
Brazil; fiiuatcd on Amiaz Ifland, in
the Bay of All Saints or /Santos : in
wnicli
\
. VIN
Wh'tfi idand it the city of Dot SanCloi,
the iflaiut lyiitg on the well fitle bf the
tntrance into the ifland. S. lat. S4> 15.
W. loitg. 46. 30.
ViNCKNT, dt la PaztJt St. or Ottdat
a town of Popayan ami Terra Finnai
in 8. America) aliout 15 inilet eallvvard
of San Stbaltian, with a port where ca>
noet from Carthogeiu aAd St. Martha
unload their merchandize.
ViNCKNT, a townfhij) of Pernifylva-
Ilia, fitiinted in Chefter county.
Vincent, St. one of the Caiibhee
IflaiuU, in the American ocean. It lie»
between 61. 10. and 61. 18. W. long,
and between 13. 5. and 13. 19. M. lit.
being about 17 niile> long from the enll
Qdt of Tyrrc-rH Bny, the extreme fuuth-
cm pointof the idaud to Tarraty Puint,
iti northern extremity} and nbont 10
broad fiom the mouth of Culoncry rivtr,
caft to Cumberland Biy, at the mouth
of Wafliilabo river on the weft. On
this ifland aif I'cveral mountains, which
crofa it irom north to Couth, from which
tfl'ue fevtrnl rivers full of fifli ) amon^
which are 22 capable of turning Ingar-
mills : thefe mountiint are tn general of
an eafy afcent ^ the vallies fertile ami ex-
tenlive, and the clearing tiie ground has
niidered tlie climate healthy. Of S^^tooo
acres which the iflanct contains, «3,&C5
are at prcfent poflllTed by Britifli Tub-
}e6ts, and about as inueh more is fuppof-
ed to be held by the Ch raibes; and the
remainder i» thought to be incapable of
cultivadon. This is the only i(!and of
the Antilles, where the fmall rctoninb
of the natives (with a mixture of negro
blood) exift in the form of a natiun.
At the peace in 1763, the British gu-
vemment fold tlie lands of St. Vincent,
as It had thofe of Tobago, and left the
Fx'ench (whom tiie fcsr of confilcation
had not Jpven away) thole thi-y puf
feftd, puying a moderat« finr, and a
yearly rent ftill moi-e moderate^ Thc/e
proceedings encroaching upon tl^e pol-
feiBonsof theCharaibcii.occarioned rhtir
rcfiftance, which the troops lent againft
them could not I'ubdue, and a p<;ace
was concluded with them in 1773, and
lands alHgned theni} fnice that time St.
Vincents nas enjoyed internal tra:iq.uiU
lity. The number ol inhabitants app :ars
to be 1,450 whites, and 11,853 negroes.
St. Vincents is divided into 4 parilhes,
St. David, St. Patrick, St. Andrew, and
it, George. Its town*' are Kingfton,
VIR f}f|
the cmltaY, and Rtchmond 1 tin other*
are vilhigcf or hamleti, at the fihfcfal bay»
and landing placet. The iflanda defm>>
dent on theSt. Vineem'e goeemmciMV
are Bcquia, containing 3,700 aereii
Union, 1,150 acres I CSnouane, 1,777
acres ) and Muftiqiie, about i,«oeacrev.
Of the above 11,153 negioee, aboill;
1,400 are employed in the ct»lrivatton «(f
thetit iilands. 1 here are likewift tb*
little iaots of Petit Martinique, Petit 8r.
Vincent, and Ballefeau, each of which.
produces a little cotton. The total e«w
uorts in 178s, in i«t vefTels, fromSk.
Vincents, amounted in value, according
to the current prices in London, to
,^186,450 I 14 I 8, including exports to
the American States, to the value ot'
yC9iOi9 in* fterling. The cargoua
conTifted of 65,i»8 cwt. i qr. »7lb'.
fug.ir) 88,166 gallons rum ; 9,656 gat.
Ions moiafles { 634 cwt. 1 qr. 51b coK>
fee { 7<ir,88o lb». cotton } 143 cwt.
S4lb. cocoa } befides hides, dying w«)oda,
&c. Here they cuhivate cinnamon,
mango, fcfamum, vanilla* China tallow-
tree, camphor, gwm-ftorax, Su.' It h
about 10 leagues weft of Barbadoet.
Vincent, Part St. on the coaft of
Chili, in the S. Pacific Ocean, k 6 milea
N. N. E. of I lie mouth of the river Bio-
bio, having a iafe hai-boiir, and li;cure
againft all winds but the weft, whiclk
blows right in. Talcag^ama Port is 6
miles to the northward of it.
ViHCENTO, a channel which goes in
on the weft lide of the channel of Amiar
liland, in the Bay of All Suints, on the
coaft ol Brazil.
ViNEK's (/Zoitx/j in Hudfon's Bay„
lies N. E. cf the niuuth of Albany river.
Vineyard, New, 'a plantation in
Lincoln co. DiAri6l of Maine, on the
twu north-eaftecnmoft branches of Sandy
river, about 59 miles N. by W. of!
Bruniwick, and ^7 N.W. of Hallowell.
Vineyard .^oun^, on the S. eaftern
coalt of Mafl'achulelts, is the ftrait ot
pailage between the Elizabeth .Iflands.
and Martha's Vineyard. The S. W.
channel of which, about 7 miles bro^d^
has Gay Head on the S. £. and the-
Sow and Pigs on the N. W.
Viper Key,' one of the Tortugae, on
the coaft of Florida ; 5 miles N. eall-
ward of Duck Key, and 3| £. of Old
Matacombe.
Virgil, a military townfhipofOnon- <
dago CO. New. York,, having Dryden ont,
iIm W.CinctnnatutE. KbmerN.^Mon
Mm 8. »3,o«oo« acR* of bml on Siiiquc>
Imnahnvcr, ceded to tlu Stat* of Maf-
laclmlttia. It UundenbcjurUdiAionof
Horner^ wliich waft ihcor|ioraic(l in 1 794.
ViRpIN GOHDA,oiw of the pi-inckpal
•f Ibc Virgiu Ilka, in the Wciktndici.
It lica 4 Wa^ct to the £. of Tonu)a,
and of a very irrtsular <ha|ie. Itt
frefttitfit kngrli trom £. to.W. it about
at ntiU* t ill worle «»atered than Toi'>
tuia» Kiid hna fewer inhabitanti. A
apuntain v^hich lit'ca in ita tentre, t*
■dirmcd tf> contain a filver mint. N.
kt. iH. 18. Wi long. 64.
VIRO(NIA,oneuf the United States^
Eea betwetn }6« 30. nnd 40 30. N Jat.
an) between 7 5. 54>and 83. 8. W. long.
Ir ia in length 446 milea, in breadth a 14 ;
containing about 70,000 fqunrfe milea.
Bounded nortli by Maryland^ part of
Pennlylvauia, ami Ohio river ; weft by
Kentuchv) tbuth by North Carolina,
anil eaft by the Atlantic Ocean. Thiit
State i» divided into 8% counties, (and
by another divifionintoparifhei) which,
ivitb the number of inhabitants, ac*
•ordingto the eenfus of 1790, are men-
'. in the following tablet
Via-
tABLfi.
Wtfinf
Ohio
Monongalia
Walhington
Montgomery
Wythe
Botetourt
Oreenbriar
Kannwa
Mampfhire
Berlcly
Frederick
Shenandoah
Roekinghaiti
Angufta -
Rockbridge
tbt Blue Ridgt.
tiMtK TO. Inilabif;
• itl
- »54
456
}
5211
56*5
1087 «375»
319
1932
4450
5»»
77»
1232
681
6015
7346
19713
I9681
IO5IO
7449
10886
6548
tetwoeen the Blue PiJge and ibe Tide
H^alen.
Loodbun
Fauquier
Culpepper
^Spotlylvania
Orange •
Louita
G«o«iiIaiid
4030
6^42
8226
1933
4421
4573
4<5j6
18962
17892
22105
II2J2
9921
8467
$053
Flavania
Albiroarle
Artihc'rft
Buekingbam
Bedford -
Henry
Pittlylirtnii
Halitas ;.
Chai lotte
Prince EdwaM
Ctimberlaiwi
Ptiwiiatan
Amelia 1
Nottaway ]
Lunenburg
Metklcnbufg
Bfiinfwitk
•llTlt.
t44«
S579
5296
4168
■7S4
*m
sm
4ii<
3986
4434
43«S
11307
433*
6762
6778
TkldUtik
39* «
i»Sl|
13703
9779
«053«
«479
"579
I47»»
1 007 1
8100
682s
1809/
*9S9
»473J
12827
between Jami tUver and CaMina;
Greenfyille
Dinwiddle
Chefterfiekl
Prince Georgtf
Surry
Suflex ^
Southampton
Ifle of Wight
Nanfemond
Norfolk ■
PrineelK Ann
3620
7334
74«7
45«9
3097
5387
5993
3867
3817
5345
636a
»3914
*4»i4
817J
6127
10554
12864
9028
9010
*45»4i
7791
Between James and York Rweri.
Henrico
Hanover
New- Kent
Charles City
James City
Williamiburg ;
York t
Warwick
Elizabeth City
5819
8223
3700
3141
2405
2760
990
1876
11006
»475+
6239
5518
5*33
1690
345»
Between fori and Rappabannoci
Rivers.
Caroline
King William -
King and Queen
EffeX
Middlefex
Gloucelier
10^92
5»5«
5H3
5440
a558
7063
^7489
8122
9377
9122
4146
I349S
Betiveen Rappahannock and Pa-
tvwmack Rivers.
Fairfax - - 4574 12320
Prince William 4704 1161/
Stafford - - 4036 9j84
King George . 4157 7366
Vl«l
iWHUlt.
•Ut««.
T*. UtltlU.
Jtichmond •
WrltmorrUnd
39>4
69115
4415
77a»
Northumberland
44«o
9163
Lancafter
1»J«
J63«
Etffttrn
Sitfi.
Accomac
4161
n959
Northampton •
3»44
<S>9
HtV) CouHtiu.
Campbell
Franklin • *
«4tt
76SS
107 s
6841
Harrilbn •*
67
%nio
Ranct.><'h
«9
9S«
Hardy
369
T'TS*
PvmWIton
71
»45i
Rua'el . .
190
3338
Whole miniberof Inhab. 747,610
Oi whom t^i,6iy were llaves.
tn an extenllvre cotmtry, it will he ex-
bcfled that the climate i» not the fame
III all its parts. It is remiukahle that,
proceeding on the Htme parallel of lati-
tude wettwaidly, the climate becomes
colder in like manner as when yuu pro>
ieed northwardly. This continues to
he the cafe till you attain the fummit of
the Alleghatiyi which is tlte hi&;liefl land
between the ocean and the MifHlippi.
Ji'rom thence, dcfcending in the lame
latitude to the Mifllfippit the change re-
verfes ; and, if we may believe travel
lers, it beccunes warmer there than it is
in the i^ime latitude un the fea fide.
Their tcttimony is (trencrthened by the
vegetables and animals wliich fubfilt and
multiply there natural'y, and do not on
the fea-coail. Thntf catalpjs grow fpoh-
taneouAy on the MlHlfippi, an far as the
latitude of 37. and reeds as far as 38.
PaiToquets even winter on the Scioto,
in the 39th degree of lititnde. The S.
W. winds, eali of the mountains, arc
tnoft predominant. Next to thefe, on
the fea-coall, the N.E. and at the moun-
tains, the N.VV. winds pi'evai]. The
ditterence between thele winds is very
great. The north-eali is loaded wbh
vapuur, infomuch thnt the fait manufac-
turers have foumi that their cryftals
would not flioot while that blows ; it
occafions a dillrelUng chill, and a heavi-
ncl's and depreHlon of the Iplrits. The
north weft is dry, cooling, elatlic and
animating. The eaft and fouth-eaft
luvczes come on generally in the after-
VI » „t
noon. Tbey have advnncfd Into iJ^
country vei^ fimfihl^ within the m^motf
of people now living. Mr. JcScrfm
rcckuns the extremes of heat and cold
to be 9I above, and 6 below o« in Fa*
renheit^e TheinMfmercr. The mootho
of June kiwi July, thotrgli often the hot-
teA, are the mott hetllhy in the ycai-4
The weather is then tiry and lels liable
to change than in Auguft and Septtm*
her, when the rain commences, ai)«lu4«
den variations take place. On the (m^
coall the land is low, generally within
11 feet of the level of the fea, intcrlc^«
ed in a'l dire£liuns with fait creeks anA
rivers, the heads of which form fwampo
and ninrHies, aud fenny groiinil, cover*
ed with water, ill wet liralbns. Tht
uncultivated lands are covered witk
large trees, and thick underwood. Tho
vicinity of tite fea, and fait creekt and
rivers, ocrafion a conltant inoifture and
warmth of the atmofpliere, fo that al«
though nnder the fame latituilr, too oir.
1 50 miles in the country, deep fnowt^
and froien rivers frequently happen, i'ag_
a (hort feUibn, vet here fueh occurs
rences are confidered at phenomena J
for thefe realbns, tlie trees are often ia
bloom as early as the lalt of Februaiyi
from this period, however, till the cimI
of April, the inhabitants are incoin-*
nioded by cold rains, piercing winds, and
ftiarp fioks, which fubjeiSls them to tiio
inflammatory difcafes, fuch as pleuriiy
and peripneumonv. The chief riviva
are Roanoke, James's, Nanfemond^
Chickahominy, Appamatox, Kivaniui^
York, Piankatank, Rappahannock, Pa-
towniick, Slwnandoah, and the great
Kanhaway. I'hefe rivers and creek*
are defcribed uni.kr theii- refpe£Uve
names. They abound with fi(h of vari-*
oiiii kinds, as (lurgeon, Hukl, b3fs,car|v
flieepdiead, drum, herrings, perch, cat..
Hlh, oyileis, crab&, &c. It is worthy
notice, that the mountains arc not fuli-
tary and fcattcrcd confufaily over tlw
face ot the country ; but commence at
about 150 niiKs from the l«a-coalt, are
dii'pofed in lidgts one behind another^
running nuariy parallel with the k».
coaft, thougi; rather approaching it a*
hey advance norih-ealtwardly. See Ai-
kghany Mountains. In the /anvi. direc-
tion generally are the veins oninie-l^onff
coal, and other nuiuiats hitjierto difcu-
vtred ;, and Jo rang.; tlie falls of the ^reHt
riveis. But the couiits of the great
riv%;'«
S76
Vlft
liven are iit right angles with tttefe.
J&mce andPatowmack penetrate through
all the ridges of ir'>untains railward of
the Alleghany, w^ich is broken by no
water-cottrle. It is in Taft the fpine of
the cocmtry between the Atlantic on one
iide» and the Mtflifippi and St. Lawrence
•n the other. The paiTage of the Pa-
towmack through the Blue Ridge is per-
haps one of the molt ftunendous fccnes
in nature. The mountains of the Blue
Ridge, and of thefe, the Peaks of Ot.
ter, are thought to be of a greater height
sneafured from their baie, than any
others in Virginia, and perhaps in North-
America. From data, which may found
a tolerable conjeftuie, we Aippol'e the
higheft peak to be about 400 feet per-
pendicular, which is not r fifth pnrt of
the height of the mountains of South-
America, nor one third of the height
which wotild be neccflary in our trtri-
tude to prefcrve ice in the cpen aif ui:-
Velted throtigh the year. The ridge
of mountains next beyond the Blue
Ridge, . called tlie North Mountain, is
«t the greateft extent; for which, rea-
fen they ..re named by the Indians the
Endlefs Mountains. The Ouafioto
Mountains are 50 or 60 miles wide at
the Gap. Thele mountains abound in
coal, lime, and free Done} the I'umraits
of them are generally covered with a
food ioil, and a variety of timber } and
the low, intervale lands arc rich and re-
markabty well watered. The whole
country below the mountains, which arc
about 150, fome fay 200 miles from the
fea, is level, and fcems from various ap-
pearances to have been once walked by
the lea. The land between York and
James rivers is very level, anti its fur-
ttcc about 40 feet above high watci*
nark. It appears from obfervation, to
have iriicn to its pietent height nt dif-
ftrent periods far diliant from e.ich other,
and that at thcfe periods it was wailied
by the fea ; for near Yorktown, where
the banks aie perpendicular, yuu iirft
lee a fratum, intermixed with fmall
ihelis relembling a mixture of clay and
isiod, and about 5 feet thick ; on this
lies horizontally, fmall white (hells,
cockle, clam,&c. an inch or two thick ;
then a body of earth fliniiar to that firit
■tentioned, 18 inches thick; thenalayer
of Oiells and another body of earth;
on this a layer of 3 feet of white (hells
inaxS. with faad, on which lay a body
V IR
of cyfter (hells 6 feet thick, which wwt
covered with e:»rth to the furface. The
oyPer (hells are fo united by a very
(Irong cement, that they fall only when
undermined, and then in large bo«lief
from X to 20 tons weight. They have
the appearance of large rocks on the
(liore. The loll below the m;>untain»
fcems to have acquired a charafter for
goodnefs which it by no nuans delerves.
Though not rich, it is well fuited to the
growth of tobacco and Indian com, and
parts of it for wheat. Good crops of
cotton, flax and hemp are alfo raifed j
and in Ibme counties they have plenty
of cyder, and exquifiie brandy, diltilled
from peaches, which grow in great
abundance upon the numerous rivers of
the Chefapeak. The planters, before
the war, paid their principal attention
to the. culture of tobacco, of which there
ufed to be exported, generally, 55,000
hog(heads a year. Since the revolu-
tion, they are turning their attention
more totne cultivation of wheat, Indian'
corn, barley, flax and hemp. It is ex-
pelled that this State will add the ar-
ticle of rice to the lift of her exports }
as it is fuppofed, a large body of Iwamp
in the eafternmoft counties, 13 capable
of producing it. Horned or neat cattle
are bred in great numbers in tlic wellern
counties of Virginia, as well as in the
States (buth of it, v/here they have
an extenltve rang.;, and mild winters,
without any permanent fnows. They
run at large, are not houfcd, andmulti^
ply very raft. '♦ In the lower parts of
the State a difeafe prevailed fome years
ago among the neat cattle, which proved
fatal to all that were not bred there. The
oxen, from the more northern States,
which were employed at the (iege of
Yorktown, in Oftober, 1781, almoft all
died, ibmetimes 40 of them in a night,
and often fuddenly dropped down dead
in the roads. It is faid that the li;eds
of this difeafe were brought from the,
Havanna to South- Carolina or Georgia
in fome hides, and that the difeali; has
progrcflld northward to Virginia. Lord
Dunmore imported fome cattle from
Rhode- Ifland, and kept them confined
in a fmall pafture, near his feat, where
no cattle had been for fome years, and
where they could not intermix with
other cattle, and yet they foon died.**
The gentlemen, being fond of pleafuiVi
have taken much pain* to raiie a good
V I R
breed of hoiTes, and have fucceeded !n
it beyond any of the States. They will
give loool. fterling for a good i'eeil
noiTe. Horfe racing'' h»8 had a pient
tendency to cncour;\2;e the breeding of
good hdrfes, as it affords an opportunity
rtf putting them to the trial of theii
fpeedi They are nriore elegant, and
will perform more fervice, than the
horfes of the northern States. Caves
among the mountains, have lately beer
difcovered, which yield falt-petre in fuch
abundance, that 500,000 pounds of it
might be collected from them annually.
Virginia is the moft pregnant wit!* r.i.-ie
rals and fofltls of any State in the Union.
A (ingle lump of gold ore has been
found, near the falls of Rnppahannock
river, which yielderl 17 dwt. of gold, of
extraordinary dnjlility. No other in.
dication of gold has been dilcovcred in
its neighbourhood. On the great Kan-
haway, oppofite to the mouth of Crip-
ple Creek, and alfo about »5 miles from
the fouthem boundary of the State, in
the county of Montgomery, are mines
of lead. The metal is mixed, ibme-
tiir«es with earth, and fometimes with
rock, which requires the force of g\m-
powder to open it ; and is accompanied
with a portion of filver, too I'mall to
be worth '' paration, under aviy procefs
hitherto attempted there. Th«; propor-
tion yielded is from 50 to 8olb. of pure
metal from looib. of waflied ore'. The
moft common is that of 60 to. the
loolb. Copper, iron, black-lead, coal,
marble, lime-ftone, &c. are found in this
country. Cryftals are common. Some
amethyfts, and one emerald have been
difcovered. Every able bodied freeman,
between the ages of 16 and 50, is en-
rolled in the militia. Thofe of every
county are formed into companies, and
thele again into one or more*battMlions.
according to the tiumbers in the county.
They are commanded by Colonels and
other fuboixlinate officers, as in the regu-
lar fervice. In every county is a county
lieutenant, who commands the whole
militia in his county, but ranks only as
a Colonel in the field. They have no
general officers always exifting. Thefe
are appointed occifionallyi when an in>
vafion or inl'urreAion happens, and
their commiflion ceafes witn tne occa-
fion. The Governor is head of the mi-
litary as well as civil power. The law
l^i^uirct every militia man t9 providt
V tR
577
hlmfelf with the arms ufual in the re-
gular fervice. The interfcftion of Vir-
ginia by fo many navigable rivers, ren-
ders it almoft incapable of defence.
As the land will not f'upport a great
number of people, ' a force cannot loon
be colle£led to repel a I'udden invafion.,
If tiie malitta bear the fame prdportion
to the nimiber of inhabitants now, as ia
178%, they amount to about 68,000.
This ftate is not divided into townfhipSy
nor are there any towns of confequence«
owing probably to the interfcaion of
the country by navigable rivers, which
brings the trade to the doors of the in-
habitants, and prevents the neceffity of
their goin^ in queft of it to a diflance.
The principal towns, or more pro{)erly
villages or hamlets, are as follows.
On James river, and its waters, Nor-
folk. Portfm.outh, Hampton, Suffolk,
Smithiield, Williamfburg, Petcrfburg,
Richmond, the feat of goverment, Man-
chefter, Charlottefville, New-London.
—On York river, and its waters, Vork,
Newcallle, Hanover.— On Rappanhan-
nock, Urhanna,Port-Koyal, Fredcrickf-
burgj Falmouth. ^On Patowmack,
and its waters, Dumfries, Colchefler,
Alexandria, Winchefler, and Staunton •
There ai-e places, at which, like fome
of the foregoing, the laws have faid
there fliall be towns ; but nature hat
laid there fhall not, and they remain
unworthy of enumeration. Norfolk
wi.. probably become the emporium
for all the trade of the Chefapealc
Bay and its waters ; and a canal of
8 or 10 miles, which is contemplated,
and will probably loon be completed,
will bring to it all that of Albemarle
Sound and its waters. Secondary to
this place, are the towns at the head of
the tide waters, to wit, Petcrfburg on
Appamattox, Richmond on James river,
Newcaftle on York river, Frederickf-
burgon Rappahannock, and Alexan^.
dria on Patowmack. From theie the
dilhibution will be to Aibordin ,'e
iltuatiuns of the country. Accidenial
circumftances, however, niav ccmrol
the indications of nature, and in no in«
lUnces do they do it moie fr(.qucnil3r
than in the rife and fall of towns. Thtf
college of William and Mary was touiid-
ed about the beginning of this ccn<
tury. Sea WtUiamJhurg. The academy"
in r.'ince Edward county has been
eivAed into « college . by the name of
Hamptjen
J. ,.
57B
VIH
¥0L
If^mpden Sidney CoUe|;e. There are I to which depend Lavango, Cam, utA
i.L_ ,f ...J ._ ..«•_. Witch Iflands} and they have alfo San-
ta Ifland, or St. Croix . The Spaniards
claim Serpent's Ifland, (called by the
Britiih Green Ifland) the Tropic Keys,
Great and Little Pafliigs ^ilakid, and
Eartiadarly Crab Iflnnd. The booby
irds are fo tame on Bird Ifland, that a -
man, it is faid, in a fl>ort time, may
catcli fufiicient in his hand to fupply
a fleet. Thefe iflands lie about lat.
18. lo. N. and thu courfe through them,
with due attention, is perfeflly i'afe at
weft by north, and welt-north- weft as
far as the weft end of the fourth ifland.
a. number of academies in di&rent
j^arts of Virginia, one at Alexandria,
one at Noifolk, one at Hanover, and
others in other places. The prefent
denominations or Chriftians in Virgi-
nia are Prefbyterians, who are nioft nu-
merous, Epilcopa^ansi Baptifls, and
Method^fts . The exports or this State,
in the year 1791, ending Sept. 30tl),
amounted to 3,131,217 dollars; in
J79* — 3»S49»499 dollars; in 1793 —
*j9*4.3»7» in i794— 3.3»»>49+ dol-
I;trs} vni in 1796— 5,a68,6i5dollars.
In 1790, about 40,000 hhds. of tobac
CO were exported ; but its culture has j Leave this on the ftarboard tide, and
Knee declined, and that of wheat taken the ifland called Foul Cliff, on the
Hts place. The- greateft quantity of
tobacco ever produced in this country,
in one year, was 70,000 hhds. in the
year 1758. Virginia was fettled perma-
nently, after feveral preceding unmccefs-
ful attempts, in 161 o, being the earlieft
cftabUQiea of any of the United States.
Virgin Iflfmds^ a grovp of fmall
aHandain the Weft- Indies, to the eaft-
ward of the Ifland of Porto Rico, be-
longing to different European powers.
They extend for the fpace of 24 leagues,
frpml^. toW. and about 16 leagues
trom N. to S. aud nearly approach th^
ipft coaft; of Porto Rico. They are
every way dangerous to navigators,
liiought there is a bafon in the midft of
uem of 6 or 7 leagues in length, and
3 or 4 in breadth, in which fltips may
anchor an4 be flieltered and land-lock-
«l from all winds ; which is named the
Bay of Sir Fnuicis Drake, from his hav-
ing paiTed through them to St. Do-
mmgo. Thofe which aie occupied and
ijTihaSsited appear under their reipe6live
names ; but bthers are deftitutc both of
ryames and inhabitants. The Britifli and
Danes iioflefs moft of them ; but the
Spaniards claim thofe near Porto Ri-
cp. The ifland of Virgin Gordot on
which depena Anegada, Nicker, Prick-
ly Pear, Mofquito Iflands, Camanoes,
Dog- Iflands, the Fallen City, the Round
Kock, Ginger, Cooper's, Salt, Peter's,
and J^cad Cheft, belong to the Britijb ;
as alfo tortoloy on vhich depend Joft
Van Dykes, Little Van Dykes, Guana,
^ lieef, and Thatch Iflands. To the
li^aties belong &t. Thomases Iflfindt on
y^icKBrafs, Little Saba, Buck Iflaifd,
Qreat and Little St. James, and Bird
liuiil are depi^ndant ; w^th St. Jthi'Jt
larboard, between which the»« is 16
fathoms, and a free channel to the weft-
ward, before there is any alteration of
the courfe; for though there be but
fix or feven fathoms in fome places, it
is; no where (hoaler, and in fo^e places
there is fi'om 16 to ao fathoms. The
ifland of Anguilla, on the north fide
of St. Martin's Ifland, is £. S. E. from
them.
Virgin Mary, Caftt the N. E.
point of the entrance ot the Straits of
Magellan, in the S. Atlantic Ocean,
is a fteep white cliff. S. lar. 52. 32.
W. long. 67.. 54. The variation of
the compafs, in 1780, was 24. 30. E.
Virgin Rocks, off the S. £. part o£
the coaft of Newfoundland Ifland, 2*
leagues S. E. of Cape Race. N. lat.
46. according to others, lat. 46. 30.
and thefe lalt fay 17 or 18 leagues S.E.
by E. of Cape Ballard.
ViTTORiA,S/.y««»</*,acityofPeru.
Ste Guamanga, its moft common name.
VoLCAMC JJlandf between Swallow
Ifland and Sania Cruz, about 8 leagues
north of the. latter, in the Pacific Ocean,
in which Mcndana, in 1595, faw a vol->
cano, which flamed continually. S. lat*
10. 30. . '
VoLUNTOWN, a townftiip on the E.
line of Conne^iout, Windham CO. E. of
Plainfield, 19 N. £. of Norwich, and z4
S. W. of Providence. It was fettled in
1696, having been granted to volunteers
in the Narraganfet war ; hence its name.
It was incorporated in 1719. It is 29
miles long, and between three and four
broad, and has a large fwamp abound-
ing with white pine, lufficient to fupply
tins neighbgurii^ towns with materials
^C buildiDgf
W«
which run!
and empti
270 yards
hiiles frort
1012 mil(
fpring^ fiif
able in ba
about 3 fee
tanon; an
further, t<
9 miles frc
fage ftands
ties into ti
The comi
and the 111
tip Miam
Whence by
are high, a
are low,
the Waba
branches <
t>( deftinat
is remark:
has been
above Oui
tof the W
free-ftone,
are found i
topper inir
ihe richeft
the bowels
cents and (
Waba:
E. and fal
from the
Wach<
of land in :
the E. fid(
head watei
confiftingo
in Stokes
United Bt
chafed thii
1751, and
name of ai
in Germar
feparate pi
the legifii
Bethabara;
number of
vania. Sa
iettlement,
inhabited
tfftdffmMt
w.
W A C
W
WABASH 18 a beantlful navigable
river, of the N. W. Territory,
which runs a S. W.ami fouthern coiufe,
and ertipttes into the Ohio, by a mouth
270 yards wide, in lat. 37.41. N. 168
hiiles frorti the mouth of the Ohio, and
loiz miles beiovy Pittiburg. In the
fpring) ftimmer, and autumn, it is pafT
able in batteaux and barges, drawing
about 3 feet water, 411 miles, to Ouia-
tanonj and for large canoes 197 miles
further, to the Miami carrying-place,
9 miles from Miami village. This vil-
lage (iands on Miami river, Wnich emp-
ties into the S. W. part of Lake Erie.
The communication between Detroit
and the Illinois and Ohio countries, is
tip Miami river, to Miami village,
'(hence by land 9 miles, when the rivers
are highj and from 1 8 td 30 when they
are low, through a level country to
the Wabafh; and. tlvough thfe variou^
branches of the Wabalh to the places
t}f deftination. The latid oti this river
is remarkably fertile. A filver mine
has been difcovered about z8 miles
Sibove Ouiatanon; on the northern fide
t)f the Wabafh. Salt fprings, lime,
free-done, blue, yellow, and white clay,
are found in plenty on tliis river^ The
topper mine oh this river, is perhaps
ihe richeft veto of native copper in
the bowels of the whole earth. See Fin-
cents and Ouiatamn.
Wabash, Little, rimS a eourfe S. 8.
E. and falls inter the Wabafh 10 mile^
from the Ohio.
Wachovia, 6r Dtbh'iParip, a traft
of land in N. Carolina, frtuated between
the E. fide of Yadkin river, snid the
head waters of Haw and Deep rivers,
confiftingof about 100,000 acres, partly
in Stokes slnd Surry counties. The
United BrefHren, or Moravians, pitr-
thafed thii traft of Lord Granville, in
1751, and called it Wachovia, after the
hame of an eltatc of Count Zinzendorf,
in Germany. In 1^55, it was made^a
feparate parish, and named Dobb's, by
the legillature. Tire lirttlemtnt of
Bethabara, was begon tti ij'SJ, by a
numbcf of the Brethren from Pennfyl-
Vania. Salem, which is the principal
fttilement, commenced in i76<i»'ano «S
inhabited by a number of ingenious
tradcfmM. Thh thit^iiig pariih lies
W A t
5^1
about 10 miles S. of pilot Mountain,
and contains 6 churches.
W ACHquATN ACH, an ancient Mora-
vian iettlement iii Connecticut, on Strat-
ford river J 13 miles from its mobth.
WachUset Mountain, in the tovWi.
of Princetown, Mafl'achufetts, may bt
I'een in a clear horizon, at the diftance
of 67 miles, being 4,989 feet above the
level of the fea.
WADESbOROUOH, the chief town
of Anfon co.inFayettevillediftrift, N.
Carolina, tt contains a court houfe,
gaul, arid about 36 houfcs, and being
feated on a lofty hill, is both pleafant
and healthy. It is 76 miles weft by
fouth of Fayetteville, and 50 fopth-
eaft by S. of Salifbury.
Wadmel AW, an ifland in Charlefton
harbour, S. Carolina.
W ADiswoRTH, a town of New- York,
Ontario CO. fituated on the eafV bank of
GenefTee river j 4 iniles weft of Coniefus
Lake, and ij foiith-weft by fouth of
Hartford: ....
Wadham ijiandsj hear the- N. E*
coaft of Newfoundland Iftand. N. lat.
49. ^7. weft long. 53.37.
Wager's Strait, of Rivir, in New-
North Wales,, in N. America, lies in
lat< 65.' 23. N. and is about £ or 3
miles wide. At 5 or 6 miles within its
entranceiit is 6 or 8 leagues wide, hav-
ing I'everal iflands and rocks in the mid-
dle. It has foundings fiom 16 to 30
and 44 fathoms ; .and the land on both
fides is as high (according to Captain
Middleton's account) as any in Eng-
land. Savage Soimd, a finall cove oif
harbour, fit for fhips to anchor in, lies
on the northein fliore, 13 or 14 leagues
up the ftraitj in long. 87. 18. W. AH
the covmtry from Wager's Strait to
Seal river, is in fome maps called Nev*
Denmark. Capt. Monk was fent thi->^
thcr, in 1610, by the king of Denmark^
arid wintered at a place called Monk'*
Winter Harbour, in lat. 63. io. N.
which muft be a little north 6f Rankin's
Inlet. When Capt. Ellis was in thi»
latitude, the tide rah at the rate of from
S to to leagues an hour. Hecomparei
it to the fiuice of a mill.
WAiTSFiEliD, the fouth-eaftemmoft
tov/nfhip of Chittenden co. Vermont,
containing 61 irthabitants.
Wait's River rifes in OrAnge co<
Vermont, and empties into Conftefticut
river, at Brddfoifd.
Ooi Wajomick*
!$• vr A L
Wajomick, an Indian town on Suf-
auehannah river» about 400 miles from
UM fisa. In the fpring of 1756, the
Indiana fliot t feaU here, and they could
not fufficientlv expref* tbtir aAoniOt-
■lent at the (^ht of thcfe animalt un-
known to them.
Wake, an inland co. of Hilliborough
*ditlri£t, North-Carolina^ bounded N.
W. by Orange|-and £. and S. E. by
Johnfon. It contains 10,191 inhabi-
tants, including a,463 flavcs. Chief
town, Raleigh.
Wakefield, formerly Eaft-town
and if^attrtowH, a townihip of Straf-
ford CO. New-Hamp(hirc, caft of Wolf-
borough, incorporated in i774> I^
contains 640 inhabitants. In the N. £.
part is a pond which is the Iburce of
riCcataque river.
Wakkamaw, a beautiful lake, 16
miles in circuit, fituated in Bladen co.
North Carolina. The lands on its
eaftem fliores are fertile, and the fttua-
tion delightful, gradually afcending from
the fliores ; bouiwled on tl\e north- well
coaft by raft rich fwamps, fit for rice.
This lake is the fource of a fine river,'of
the fame name, and runs a foutherly
courfe, tor 70 or 80 miles, and empties
into Winyaw Bay, at Georgetown, in
ISouth-Carolina.
Waldbn, a townfliip of Vermont,
•Caledonia co. having Danville on the
fouth-mft. It contains only 11 inhabi-
taats<
'Waldoborouoh, apoft-town and
port of entry of the OiftnA of Maine,
tn Lincoln co. la miles S. by W. of
Warren, 10 £. by S. of Newcaftlc, ao
faft of Wifcaflet, and 545 north- eaft of
Philadelphia. This is the port of entry
ibr the d[iftri£l, lying between the towns
of Camden and Nurthport } and all the
flioreH and waters from the middle of
Damti-iicotta river to the fouth-weftern
fide of the town of Nurthport. The
townfbip of Waldobatough was incor-
E orated in 1773, and conuins 11 10 in-
abitants.
Waldo Patent , a tcaA of land form-
ing tbe fouth-eail: part of Hancock co.
in the DifiiriA of Maine, and on the
weft fide of Penobfcot river and bay.
Wali n,lfrvjSpuih, a cmintry oi vaft
«xtcnt, but little known, lying round
the fouthero part of Hudlbn's Bay.
Wales, Nnu North, an extenfive
tooritpry of North- Ainericat having
W A L
Pnnce William's Land on the nortii,
part of Baffin's Bay on the eafl, and
feparated from New South Wal«Sy «n
the fouth by Seal lAver.
Wales, a plan cation in Lincoln co.
Diftridef Maine, 55 miles north-eaft of
Portland, and 180 from Bolton. Ik con-
tains 439 inhabitants.
Walhalding, the Indian name of
an eaftern branch of Mufkinguin river,
atthvjnoutli of which ftood Gofchach-
guenk, a Delaware town, and fcttlement
of Chriftian Indians.
Wallingford, a townfliip of Ver-
mont, Rutland co. eaft of Tinmuuth.
It contains 536 inhabitants.
WALLiNGFORD,a pleafant poft-town
of Conne^icut, New-Haven co. 1 3 milea
S. W. of Middleton, 13 N. E. of New.
Haven, and 195 north-eaft of Pkiladel.
phia. This townfliip, called by tlie la-
dians Ctgincbaugi, was fettled in 1671 }
is divided into two pariflies, and con-
tains about tooo inhabitants. It is ii
miles long, and 7 broad.
Wf LLKiLL, a townfliip of Nav-
York, Ulfter co. on the creek of its
name, about 15. miles N. by E. of Go-
flien, 1 1 weft of Newburgh, and 58 N .
W. of New-York city. It contains
1,571 inhabitants, of whom 340 are
qualified ele£lor8,and 103 flaves.
Walnut Hills, in the weilern terri-
tory of Georgia, are (ituatcd on a tra£l
of land formed by Mifilfippi river and
the Loola Chitto, and on the north fide
of the latter.
Walloomschack, a fmall branch
of Hoofack river, Vermont.
Wallpack, a townfliip in Suflex CO.
New-Jerfey, on Delaware river, about
II miles weft of Newtown, and 501
north-weft of Bivnfwick. It containa
496 inhabitants, including 30 flaves.
Walpole, a poft-town of New-
Hampfliire, Cheftiire co. on the eaftern
fide of Connecticut river, it miles ibuth
of Charleftown, 14 north-weft by north
of Keen, 108 weft of Portrpioutn, and
330 from Philadelphia. The townfliip
contains 1145 inhabitants.
Walpolb, a townfliip of Mallachu.
fetts, Norfolk co. on the great road to
Providence, and 10 miler louth-vreft of
Bofton. It was incorporated in 1714,
and contains 1005 inhauitants.
WaLbingham, Cape, is on the eaft
fide of Cumberland's Ifland, in Hud-
foa's Straits. N. lat. 6a, 39. W* long.
77»
WAR
f f . 5). High water, at full and change
at II o'clock.
WALTHAM,atown(hip of Maflachu-
fettt, Miildl'-rex co. ii mile* north-weft
by north ot Bofton. It was incorpo-
rated in i, 37, andcentain* 88x inhabi*
tantt.
Waltham, or Weflbanit a village
- in Henrico co. Virginia, fituated on the
north iidc of James' river, 4 miles north •
weft of Kichmoiid.
Wampanos, an Indian tribe, allies
of the Hurons.
Wanaspatucket Rivtrt rifes in
Gloucefter, Khoile-lfland, and falls into
Providence river a mile and an hulf
north-wcllof Wey'ioffet bridge. Upon
this river formerly itood the only pow-
der-mill in this btate, and within one
mile ot its muitth there are a (littine-
mi'l, two paper nills, two grift-miUs
with tour run of ftones, an oiUmill, and
a faw-mill.
Wando, a (hart, broad river of S.
Carolina, which rifes in Charleiton dif>
tri£l, and empties into Cooper's river, a
.few miles below Ch.irleftun.
VVanooaette, an iiland in the S.
Pacific Ocean, about two miles in eiu
tent from fouth-eaf'i to north weft. It
18 aliout I'o miles at north weft by
welt from the north jend .of Wateehou
Ifland.
Wantace, a townfhip near the N.
W. corner ol New- Jeriey, SuiTex co. 15
ipiles northerly pt Newtovyn. It con-
tains 1700 inhabitants, including 26
flaves.
Wantastj-c, the .original name of
Weft river, Vermont,
Wappacamo River, a large fouth
branch ot Patowmack river, which it
joins in lat. 39. 39. N. jvhere the latter
«;as formerly known by the name ot
:Cohongoronto.
V\^APUWAGAN Ijlands, on the Lab*
radbr cuaft, lie between lat. 50. and 50.
.5.N. and betwe^nlong. 59. 55. and 6p.
30. W,
Ward, a townjhipof Maffachufetts,
Worccltcr CO. 5 imies Ibuth ot VVor-
cefter, and .55 fouth- weft uf Button, and
contaii.4 473 inhabitants.
WARDSBORautiH, a townftiip of
Vermont, Wmdham co. i» or 15 miles
weft of Putney, and 17 north-eaft of
3ennington, and contains 753 inhabi
unts.
WARDSBMOG£,apoft-townofNeW'
\r A It 5ii
York, Ulfter co. on the WillkU]» 10
miles north of Goflien, 36 fouth by weft
of Kingfton, and 156 north caft by
north of Philadelphia. It contains about
40 compaA hpufes and an academy.
Ware, a fmt>ll river of Maflachuiette
which originates in a pond in Oeny, >' '
VS^orcefter co. and in Petevfliam it * '
ceives Swift river, and receiving Qkm-
boag river, which comes from Brook-
field, it thence aiTumes the name of Chi*
.cabee, and falls into ConneAicut river
at Springfield. Its CQur& is ibuth and
foutn-weft.
Wars, atownfliipof MafTachufetts,
in Hampihire co. inoorporated in 1761,
and contains 773 inhabitants. It is 15
miles N. E. of Springfield, and yoiaiitt
weft-north-weft of Bofton. .
WAREHAM,a townfhipof Maflachv-
fetts, fituated in Plymouth co. at th«
head of Buzzard's Bay, and on the weft
fide, 60 miles S. by £. of Bofton. It
was incorporated in 1739, and contains
854. inhabitants. N. lat. 41. 45. W,
long. 70. 40.
Warminster, a fmall pofttown of
Virginia, fituated on the noith fide of
James' river, in Amherft co. about 90
miles above Richmond. Jt contains
about 40 Itoufes, and a tobacco ware-
houie. It is 33a miles from Philadcl.
phia, II miles trom Cl<vl<>ttefville, and
9 frum Newmarket. There is alfo a
townftiip of this name in Buck's county^
Pennfylvania.
Warm Sfriug, aridgeoffliountiiins
bears this name, a part of tlie Allegha-
ny Mountains, fituated N. W. of the
Calf Pafture, and' famous tor wamr
I'prings. The molt ciivcacious of thele
are two fprings in Augufta, near the
Iburces ot James' river, where it is called
Jacklon's river. They 1 iie near the foot
of tlie i.idge of mountains, generally
called the Warm Spring Mountains, but
in the. maps Jrtcklbn'sMountains.. The
one is diftmguiftied by the name of the
Warm Spring, and the ither of the
Hot Spring. The Waim Spi ing iflTues
xvith a vciy bold ftream, lufiicient to
work a grift-mill, and to keep the wa-
ters ot i;s baion, which is 30 teet in dia-
meter, at the vital warmth, viz. 96*^ of
Fartnluit's thermometer. The matter
with which thele wateis is allied is very
volatile ; its fmell indicates it to be ful«
phureous, as alio does the circuinftancf
of turning filver black. They relieve
O 3 rheutnatifnuf .
5l* WAR
rheuroatifiiu. Other complaintft -jklfa
of very different natures have been re-
moved oc kflened by them. It rain's
hcr^ 4 or ^ days in every week. The
Hot Spring is about fix miles from the
Wami, is much fmaller, and has been
!o hot as to have boiled an egg. Some
believe its degree of heat to be lefleneci.
It raifes the mcrcuiy in Farcnhcit^s
thevtnonieter to iiadegrets, which is
fever heat. It fometimes relieves where
the Warm Spring fails. A fountain of
conunoa water, ifiuing within a few
inches of its margin, gives it a Angular
a{^arance. Comparing the tempera-
ture pf thefe with that of the hot fprings
oj^Kamtfchatka, of which Kracliiniiini-
kow, gives an account, the difference is
very great, the latter raifing the mercury
to aoo degrees, which is witlvin tz de-
grees of boiling water. Thefe fprings
are very much retorted to, in fpite of a
total want of accommodation for the
fick. Their waters are ftrongeft in the
hoteft months,' which occaiidns their
being vifited in July and Aiiguft princi-
pally. The ' Sweet Springs, in the
county of Botetourt, at the eaflern foot
of the Alleghany, are about 42 miles
from the Warm Springs.
Warnrr, a town (hip of New-Hnmi) •
(hire, Hiillborough co. It w3s incorpo-
rated in 1774, and contains 863 inliabi-
tants.
Warren, a new county of the Up-
per Diftrift of Georgia.
Warren, a county of Halifax dif-
tri6):, N. Carolina. It contains 9397
inhabitants, including 4710 (laves.
WaRRENTON, a port town, and the
capital of the above mentioned county,
fituated 16 miles E. by N. of Hillfbo-
rough, 35 weft of Halifax, 54 north of
Kaleigh, 83 fouth of Ptterlburg in Vir-
ginia, and 390 from Philadelphia. The
town contains about' thirty houfes, and
ihinds in a lofty, dry, and healthy fttua*
tion. Europeans, of various nati,ons,
refide m and about the town. Here is
a rei'peftf.ble academy, having; gcnenl-
ly from 60 to 70 ihidents.
Warren, a towndiip of Vermont,
Addifun co. about 30 miles N. £. by E.
of Crown " int.
Warr-^n, a poft-town of the Dif-
trift of Maine, Lincoln co. adjoining
Camden and Thomaftonj 33 milts
foutb by we«t of Beltaft, aoj N. E. by
N. of Bofton, and 557 from Philadel-
W A R
phis. This townfhip is feparated fl-om
tliat of Thomafton, by St. George's riv-
er ; was incorporated in 1776, and con-
tains 64s inhabitants.
Warren, a townAip of Grafldn ca.
Ncw.Hanipfhire, north-eaft of Qrford,
adjoining, incorporated in 1763, and
contains 106 inhabitants.
Warren, a poft-towri of JRhodr-
Iflanii, in Bri(k>I co. pleafantly fituated
on Warren river and the north- eaft
part of Narraganfet Bay, 4 miles north
of Briftol, 10 S. S. E. of Providence^
and 301 from Philadelphia. This is a
flourifhing town ; carries on a brill;
coaftin^ and Weft-Intlla trade, and is
rcniark,ai)le for fhip b-iilding The
whole townlhip contains iiai inh-abi-
tants, of whom z» are (laves. Rhode-
liland College was firft inflituted \i)
this town, and afterwards removed to
Providence.
Warren, a new townfhip of Herke-
mer cotmty, New- York. Itwns tr.ker|
from German Flats, and incorporated irj
1796.
Warren, a pai't of the townfhip of
Chenengo, in the State of New-York,
on Sufc|iiehannah river, bears this namb
in Dc Witt's mnp.
W A R R E n, a tovvnftiip of Conncfticuf ,
in Litchfield co. betweei) the townfhipft
of Kent and Litchfield.
Warren, a poft-townof Virginia,
10 miles from Warminfter, 11 frorfi
Chnrlottcfville, and 326 from Philadel-
phia.
Warren's Peitit, on the coalt of
Nova Scotia, is on the eaft fide of Che-
bu6lo Harbour, about two miles eaft of
the town of Halifax. It is at the en-
trance of a cieek, which receives Saw-
Mill river and ether ftreams.
Warrington, the name of two
townfliips of Pennfylvania^ the one iti
York CO. the other m Buck's co.
V/arsaw, or Waffanut an ifland
and found on the coaft of Georgia, be-
tween the mouth of Savannah rher and
that ef'-^ffeechee. The ifland forms
the north fide of Gflabaw Sound ; being
in a north-eaft dinj6tion from OfTabaw
Ifland. Warfaw Sound is formed by
the northern end of the ifland of its
name, and the fouthcm end of Tybee
Ifland.
Warwick, a county of Virginia,
bounded north by York county, and'
fouth by James' river, which fcparates
it T
edui
Stat
Itc
^90
fett
176
It
Nev
CO.
of
fld<
to
'■^
WAS
it Trom Ifle of Wight and Nanftmertd
eduntiet. It is the oldeft county of the
State, having been eftdblifhed in 1618.
It contains 1690 inhabitants, of whom
990 are (laves.
Warwick, a townfhip of MafTachu-
fetts, in Hanlplhire co. incorpot ntecl in
1763, and contains 17.46 inhabitants.
It is bounded north by the State of
New-Hanipfhire, not far cad of Connec-
ticut river, and is 90 miks north-weft
of Bofton.
WARWicr, the chief town of Kent
CO. Rhode- Ifland, fituated a^ *hc head
of Narraganfct Bay, ami on the weft
fide; abont 8 miles Ibuth of Providence.
The towiiftiip contains 14.93 inhabi-
tants, incUtding 35 (laves. A cotton
tnanufaflory has been eftabiiflied in this
town upon an exteniive fcale. One ot
Arkwnghfs machines was erected here
in Auguft, 1795; and the yarn pro-
duced anfwers the moft faiguine ex; ec-
tation. This town was the birth-place
of the celebrated Gen. Greene.
Warwick, a townfliip of N. Yoric,
•Orange co. bounded eaflerly by New-
Cornwall, and foutherly by the State of
New-Jerfey. It contains 3603 inhabi-
tants, of whom 383 are electors, and 95
Slaves.
Warwick, the name of two town-
ftiips of Pennfylvania j the one in Buck's
county, the other in that of Lancalkr.
In the latter is the (ine Ivloravian lettle-
inent called Litiz ; which fee.
Warwick, a poft-town of Mary-
land Cecil CO. on the eaftern (hore of
Chefapeak Bay; about 14 miles fouth-
erly of Elkton, 8 N. E. of George-
town Crofs Roads, and 57 fouth-welt of
Philadelphia.
Warwick, a fmall town of Chefter-
field CO. Virginia ; agreeably fituated oti
the fouth weft fide of James' river,
about 7 miles fouth -fouth-eaft of Rich-
inond, and 77 north of Petertburg.
Veflels of 450 tons burdens can come to
this town. In 1 78 1, Benedi£l Arnold
deftroyed many veflels in the river and
on the ftocks at this place.
Washington, a county of the Dif-
trift of Maine, and the molt eafterly
land in the United States. It is bound-
ed fouth by the ocean, weft by Han-
cock CO. north by Lower Canada, and
«aft by New-Brunfwick. It is about^oo
miles in length, but itrbreadth is as yet
undetermined. It was cre<£ted into a
W As 5*5
county in 17S9 } but. has few towns yet
incorporated. The coaft abounds with
excellent harbours. Although the win*
ters are long and fc\'ere, yet the foil
and produ£lions are but: little inferior ^0
the other countiri. The number of in*
habitants in this country, according t^
the cenfus of 1790, was 1758 ; but the
increali; fince muft have been very con«
fider!«f^l-;. Chief town, Machias.
Wabhincton, a maritime countir
of the State of Rhode- Ifland; bounded
N. by Kent, S. by the N. Atlantic
Ocean ; W. by the State of Connefti-
cut, and E. by Narragaiifet Bay. It 1^
divided into 7 townfhips, and contain!
1 8,075 inhabitants,inciuding 339 (laves.
Chief town, South-king(Jown. •
Washington, a county of New-
York; bounded N. by Clinton county^
S. by Renflelaer, S.W. by Saratoga; ,
W. by Herkemer, and E. by the State
of Vermont. Until 1784 it was called
Charlotte. Itcontained,ini79o, 14,04.*
inhabitants, including 741 (laves. In
1796 there were 3370 of the inhabi-
tants qualified eleftors. It is fubdi-
vided into 11 town(hips, of which Sa-
lem is the chief.
Washington, a county of Penn-
fylvania; fituated on the S.W. corner
of the State ; bounded N. by Allegha-
ny county S. by Monongalia county iti
Virginia, E. ^y Monongahela river*
which divides it from Fayette county,
and W. by Ohio co. in Virginia, agree-
ably diverfified with hills, which admit
of eafy cultivation quite to their fum-
piits. It is divided iiito 21 townihips*
and contains 23.866 inhabitants, in-
cluding 263 flaves. Mines of copper
and iron ore have been found in tint
county.
Washington, the capital of the
above county, and a poft-town, is fituat^-
ed on a branch of Charter's Creefc^
which falls into Ohio river, a few miles
below Pittfburg. It contains a brick
court-houfe, a uone gaol, a large brick
building for the public offices, an aca^
demy of ftone, and nearly 100 dwelling^-
houfes. It is az miles (outh-fouth-we(t
cf Pitt (burg; 22 north- weft of Browns-
ville, 60 miles north by weft of Mor-
gantown, in Virginia, artd 325 weft b'y
north of Philadelphia. N. lat. 40. 13.
W. long. 80. 6. 40. It is remarkable
for its manufa£lures, fVjr fo young a
town. There are 3 otlier town(hips of
Oo 4 tlvi
584
WAS
the frtne name in Pennfylvania, vlt . in
Fayette, Franklin, and Wetimoreiand
counties.
Washington, a county of Mary-
land, on the wcAi rn Ihore ot Chefapeak
jSa/i bounded north by the State of
Peniirylvi<nla, caft by Frederick co.
from which it i* divided by Sou h
Mountain, fouth weft by PSitowmick
livei , which divides it from the State uf
Virginia, and weft by Sideling- Hill-
Crcik, which fep;uates it from Alle-
ghany CO. This is cailcd the garden of
Maryland, lying principally between
the North and South Mountains, and
includes the rich, fertile, and well culti-
▼ated valley of Conegocheague. Its
Ibeams furnilh excellent mill-ieats, and
the lands are thought to be the'nioft fer-
tile in the State. Lime-flone and iron-
ore are found here. Furnaces and forges
have been rrc^led, and conliderable
J|uantities of pig and bar iron are manu-
aAored. Chief town, Elizabeth Town.
Washington, a co. of Virginia i
bounded E. and N. E. by Wytlie, N.
W. by Rufllll, S. by the State or
North Carolina, and W. by Lee. It
is watered by the iireams which form
Holfton, Clinch and Powell's rivers.
There is a natural bridge in this county
iintilar to thnt in Rockbridge county.
It is on Stock Creek, a branch of Pcle-
fon river. It contains 561^ inhabitants,
including 450 ilaves. Chief town,
Abingdon.
Washington, a diftrijl of the Up '
per Country of South-Carolina, perhaps
the moft hilly and mountainous in the
Stare. It lies W. of Ninay-Six dif-
trift, of which irwas formerly ;>. part,
and is bounded N. by the State of
Korth- Carolina. It contair.s the coun-
ties of Pendleton and Greenville } has
14,619 inhabitants, and fends to the
State Icgiflature 5 reprefentatives and a
fenators. Chief town, Plcktnfviile. A
nuinher of old de&rted Indian towns of
the Cherokee nation, nre frequently met
with on the Ke'owee river, and its tribu-
tary Iheams which water this country.
Washington^ a county of Ken-
tucky, bounded N. E. by Mercer, N.
W. by Nelfon, S. £. by Lincohi, and
W. by Hardin.
Washi N GTON, a didrifl of the State
of Tenneflee, fituated on the waters of
the rivers Holftun and Clinch,, and is
(divided from Mero di(bi£l on the W.
WAS
by an uninhabited country. Tt is divid-
^-d into the counties 01 U 4/hington, hul-
livan, Gteene, and Hawkins. It con-
tained, according to the State cenfus of
i795> 29>S3< inhabitants, including
4C93 fldves.
Washington, a county of Tennef.
fee, in the ab'.>ve dilhi£l, contained, in
i7y5( i^>>0S inhabitants, incluftve of
978 flaves. Wnfhington college is
eftablilhed in thiii county by the legifla-
ture.
Washington, a county of the N.
W. Ttmtory, erefted in 1788 within
the following boundaries, viz. beginning
on the bank of the Ohio where the weft*
ern line of Pennfylvania crofles it, and
tunning with that line to Lake Erie;
thence along the fouthcrn Diure of that
bkt- to the mouth of Cayahoga river,
and IT (.that river to the piutage between
it and iheTufcarawa branch o( Mufkin'
gum ; thence down that bi anch to the
iciks of the eroding-place above Fort
Lawrence; thence with a line to be
drawn wtlterly to the portage on that
branch of the Big Miami, on which the
fort ftood which was taken from the
French in 1752, until it meets the road
from the lower Shawanel'e town to San-
duiky ; thence S. to the Sciota river to
the mouth, and thence up the Ohio to
the plact of beginning.
Washington, a county of the Up.
perDiftri6l of Georgia, which contains
455% inhabitants, including 694 flaves.
Fort Fidus is fituated in the wefternmoft
part of the county, on the £. branch
of Alatamaha river. The county is
bounded on theN.E. by Ogeechee riv-
er. Numbers have lately moved here
from Wilkes co. in order to cultivate
cotton in preference tc tobacco. This
produce, though in its infancy, amount*,
ed to 408,000 lbs. weight, in 17 gat
Chief town, Golphinton.
Washington, a townfliip of Ver-
mont, Orange county, i a miles W. of
Bradford, and contams 7* inhabitants,
Washington, a townlhjp of Maf-
fachufetts, in Berkfliire co, 7 miles S.
£. of PIttsfielJ, 8 £. of Lenox, and
145 W. of Bofton. ft was incorpo-
rated in 1777, and contains 588 inha-
bitants.
Washington, or Mount rerneti, a
plantation of Lincoln c6. Uiftri£t of
Maine, N« W. of Hallowell, and nine
miles from fterling. It confifis ot
16,055
the
tHir
rati
wh
WAS
i<6«o 5 5 acres of land and water, of which
the latter occiipic* 1641 acrt«. It con-
taint 61 S inhahitanc», and wa« incorpo*
rated l^y the name of Belgrade in 1796 ;
which fee.
Washington, a townfliip of New-
York, in- Dutchefs co. bounded iourh-
erly by the town of Bci kman, and wctt-
erly by Poughkeepfie ,uid Clinton. Ii
contains 5189 iiihabitints, of whom 286
are cleclors, ami -j% flavcs.
Wa«hinoton, a townfhip of New-
HanipOiire, in Cliefhire co. firft caiUd
Camden. It was incor{>orated in 177'^,
and contains 54.5 inhabitants; it is ii
or 14- miles E. of Charlcilown.
Washington, a townfhip of Con-
ne^licut, in Lttchiicld co. about 7 miles
S. W. 01 Litchfield.
'Washington, a pi^rt of entry and
£>Il-town of N. Carolina, fituated Tn
caufort county, on the N. fide of Tar
river, in lat. 35. 30. N. 90 miles from
Ocrecok Inlet, 40 from tlic mouth of
Tar river, 61 S. 8. W. of Eden on, 38
N. by E. of Newbern, 131 N. E. by
N. ot Wilmington, and 460 from Phi-
ladelphia. It contains ^ court-houfe,
gaol, and aliout eighty heutcs. From
this town is exported tobacco of the
Pcterlburg qtiality, pork, beet, Indian
corn, peas, bmns, pitch, tar, tiirpen
tine, rofin, &c. alil) pine boards, (hin-
gles, and oak ftaves. About 130 vel-
fels enter annually at the cuftoin-hoikl'e
in this town. The expoi 1 , for a year,
ending the 30th of Sepctmber, >794,
amounted to 33,684. dollars.
Washington, a poft-town of Ken-
tucky, and the capital of Malon county,
about three miles S by W. of the lajiU
ing at Liineltoiie, on the S. fide 01 Ohio
river. J.": Contains about loo iiouii;s,
a Prefljyterian churcii, a handomt
^ourt-houfe and gaol; and is fall in-
crealing in injpcrtunce. It is 6z miles
N. E. of Lexington, 75 N. E. by i'^.
pf Frankfort, and 709 S. W. by W.
pf Philidtlphia. N. lat. 38. 40. W.
Jong. 84. 30.
Washington Court-Houfi, in S.
f[)arolma, is 10 mii^s from Greenville,
and t6 from Pendleton.
Washington, apoft townofGeor.
gia, and the capital of Wiikcs co. 50
miJes N. W. by W. of Augmli, 58
N. by W. of LouilVine, 28 trom
preeoiborough, and 8 1 3 from Philadel-
phia. It liauds on the weftern fide of
WAS 5«5
Kettle Creek, a north branch of Little
river, which empties into Savannah riv*
er from the eaftward, about 36 mile* E.
of the town. It is regularly laid out»
and contained, in 17S8, 34. houfes, a
court-houlc, gaol, atid academy. The
funds of the academy amount to about
Sool. fter). and the number of ftudenta
to between 60 and 70. On the E. iide
of the town, a mile and a half diftant, is
a medicinal fpring, which rifes from a
hollow tree 4 oi- 5 feet in length. The
inilde of the tre,.^ is covered with a coat
of matter an inch thick, and the leave*
around the fpring are incruHed with a
fubltance as white as fnow. It is faid 1^
be a fovereign remedy for the fcurvy^
fcrophulous diforders, confuroptions,
f;out, and every other ditbnler arifing
from humours in the blood. This
fpring being fituated in a fine hedth]f
part of the State, will, no doubt, be a
p!caf;<nt and faluiary place of refort
tor invalids from the maritime and un-
healthy parts of Georgia!, and the
neii';hb()uring States. N. lat. 33. x%,
Washington Citv, in the teiritory
ot' Columbia, was ceded by the State of
Virginia and Maryland to the United
States, and by theiTi eflabliflied as the
ttat of their government, after the year
1800. This city, which is novr buiid-
in;r, ftands at the junflion of the river
Patowmack, and the Eaftern Branch, la-
titude 38.5 3. N. extending nearly 4 miles
up each, and including a tra£l of terri-
fyrv, exceeded, in point ot conveniences
ftiubrity and beauty, by none in Ame-
rica. For although the land in general
appears level, yet by gentle and gradual
fwe! lings, a variety of elegant profpe^ls
are produced, and a fu/ncient defcenc
formed for ccnveyinp oft' the water oc-
calioned by rain. Within the limits of
the city are a f^re-it number of excellent
fpriiigs; and by digging wells, water
of the belt quality may rcuUly be had.
Beiidcs, the never failing dreams that
now run througli that territory, may
alio be collected tor the uCe of the city.
The waters of Rtwly Branch, and of
Tiber Civek, may be conveyed to the
Prefident's hoiile. The iburce of Tiber
Creek is elevated ab(nit 236 feet above
:he levA'i of the tide in faid creek. The
perpendicular height of the ground
on which the capitol Hands, is 78 feet
above the level of the tide in Tiber
Creek. The water of Tiber Qreek
may
$86
WAS
may therefore be conveyed to the capt>
tol, ami after watering that part of the
eity» may be deftin«i to other ufcful
purpofoa. The EniK-rn I3ranch is one
of the lafeft and moll cunutiodiuiis har-
iNHirs inAmerici, being I'nfHciently deep
ibr the largeft fhips> tor «bout 4 miles
above it« mouth, while the channel lies
clofe along the bank adjoining the city,
aiki affords a large and convenient har-
bour. The Patowmack, although only
navigable for fmnil craft, for a confi-
ilerable. diftance from its banks next the
city, (excepting about half a mile above
the jiin£lion of the rivers) will neverthe-
1^ aitbrd a capacious fummer harbour ;
m^ *n ^mmenle number of (hips may
ride in the great chaanei, oppulite to,
and below toe eity. The fituatioa of
this metropolis is upon the great poft-
voaJ^ equi-ditiant from the northern
and fouthem extremities of the Union,
and /learly lb from the Atlantic and
FittQiurg, upon the befl navigation, and
in tht: midfl: of a commercial territory,
probably the richeft, and commanding
the more extcnfive internal refource of
any in America. Jt has therefore many
aklvantages to recommend it, as an eligi-
ble place for the permanent feat of the
genei'ai government j and as it is likely
to be fpeedily built, and otherwife im-
proved, by the public fpirited enterprile
of the people of che United States, and
even by foreigners, it may be expc^ed
to ^row up witli a degree of rapidity
bitherto unparalleled in the annals of
cities. The plan of this city appears
to contain fome important improve-
tnents upon that of the beft planned
cities in the world, combining, in a ie-
narkahle degree, convenience, regula-
vity, elegance of pvofpe6l, and a free
circulation of air. The pofitions of
the difiVrtnt public edifices, and for the
iisveral fquares and areas of dirt'citiit
Ihapes as they are laid down, were fidl
tlctermincd on the nioft advantageous
ground, commr.uding the r.uift cxten-
live prolpeils, and from their fituaticn,
lu;ct'ptib!e of fuch improvements as
cither u!e or ornament may hereaf-
ter rtquiio. The capitol is fituated
on a molt beautiful eniirence, coni-
n^anding a complete view of every part
of the city, and of a confiderable part of
riia country around. The Prendent's
hr/nfc ftands on a rifuiig ground, pof-
idYiug a delightful water profpei>, to-
W A S
gether with it commanding view of the
capitol, and the moll material parts of
the city. Lines, or avenues of dir(*£t
communication, hnve been dcvifed to
ponnefl the mod didant and important
obje£ls. Tliefe tranfverle avenues, or
diagonal (Ireets, are laid out on th6
moft advantageous ground for profpeft
and convenience, and are calculated
not only to produce a variety of charm-
ing prolpcfts, but greatly to facilitate
the comtiiunication thruugliout the city.
North and Ibutli lines, inteifrilcd by
others running due K. ar.d W. make
the diflribution of the city into ftreets,
fquares, &c. and thole lints have been
fo combined, as to meet at certain given
points, with the div-eigeiit avenues, fo
as to form, on the i\yAc^!i firji determined^
the different fquarts Or rtreas. The
grand avenues, and i'uch ftreets as lea:l
immediately to public places, are from
130 to i6o feet widr, and may be con-
veniently divided into loot- ways, a walk
planted with trees on each fide, and »
paved way for carriages. The othei*
llre^ts are from 90 to no feet wide.
In order to execute this plan, Mr. £lli-
cott drew a true meriiiional line by ce-
lellial obfervation, which pafles through
the area Intended for the capitol. Thi»
line he crofl'ed by another, running dutf
E. and W. which palles through thd
fame area. Thcfc lines were accurately
meafured and made the bafes on which
the whole plan was executed. He ran
all the lines by a trnnlit iiiftrument, and
determined the \\c\\\>: angles by a£\ual
iTieafuiementj leaving nothing to the
uncertainty of the coinpafs. Wafliing-
ton, or the Federal City, Is (eparatecl
from Georgetown, in Montgomery co.
Maryland, on the W. by Rock Cre^k^
but that town is now within the terri-
tory of Columbia It is 4.4 miles S.W.
by S. of Baltimore, 876 from Paflama-
c]uoddy, in the Dillriil of Maine, 500
from Hodon, 148 from New-Yoik, 144
from Philadelphia, 1 33 from Richmond,
in Virginia, 131 from Haliiax, in Ni
Carolina, 630 from Charltfton, S.Ca-
rolina, and 794 from Savannah, i^
Georgia.
Washincjton College, in Maryland,
See Cheferto-ivn.
Washington. Fort^ in the Territo-
ry N.W. of the Ohio, is fituatttl on the
N. bank of the river Ohio, weftwatd of
Little Miami river, and 45 miles aorth-
\ weft
WAT
iveft of Wa(hu)gton, in Kentucky. See
Cii$cin>$ati.
WASHINGTON, Mo«»(, a fmall town-
fliip of Maft*achurcttt, Berkfhiiv co. in
the fouth-weft corner of the State, 150
iniles fouthwett by fuuth of Bo(ion. It
was incorporated in 17791 '"^' contain*
;96i inhabitants.
W/18HINCTON, Mount, one of the
White Mountains of New-Hampfliirc,
yvhich iT^akcs fo majeflic an appearance
all aionsr the (hore of the eiifkrn coun-
ties of MaSchufctts. See V/bite Moun-
tains.
Washington's IJiands, on the
north-weft coaft of North-America.
The largeft i$ of a triangular fliape, the
point ending on the Ibuthward at Cape
St. James's, in N. iat. 51. 58. Sandy
Point, at its north- eaft extremity, is in
Iat. 54. 21. N. Its longitude wid ex-
tends from Hope Point, the north-weft
extremity 216" 37' to Sandy Point, in
aiS" 45'. Port Ingrahami Perkins and
Magee Soupd lie on the wett-^rn fide of
the ifland | on the eaftetn fide are the
following ports from nortli to fouth —
Skeetki^, or SkitkiCs Harbour, Port
Cummaftiawa, ii;^teiw& Point, Smoke
Port, Kpr.ikeeno Point, Port Gcyers,
Port Ueah, arnl Port Sturtis. Capt.
Cook, when he pafl'ed this iiland, lup-
jfloCed it to be a part of the continent,
as the weather at the time was thick,
and the wind boifterous, which obliged
him to keep out at fea, till he made the
weltern cape of the continent in nbout
]at. 55. N. Capt. Pixon diieovered
ihefe iiflands in 17*7, and named them
Queen Charlotte's Iflands. Capt. Gray
diieovered them in 7X9, and called
ihem Wafliington's tflailds. There are
three principal iftands, bcfides many
fmall ones. It is conjcftured that they
make a'pTt of the Archipelago of St.
Xazarus.
Waskemashin, an ifland in the
Gulf of St, Lawrence, on the coaft of
Labrador. N. Iat. 50. 3. W. long.
59- 55-
■ W ASS AW IJland. SttWarfaiv.
Wataguaki JJles, on the coaft of
Labrador, and in the Gulf of Sr. Law-
rence, lies near the fliore, north -eaft of
Ouapitougaii Ifle, and fouth- weft of
Little Mecatina, about 10 or iz lcag<' ■;
from each.
Watauga, a river of Tennclfee,
which rifts in Burke co. North- Carolina,
WAT Jif
and faiU into Holflcin river, 15 miles
above Lon^^-Ifland.
W A 1 CH FniU, l!ei to the northwtnl
ofFiftier'i Ifland, in Long-Ifland Sound*
and weft' fouth. weft 7 lc?gue« from
Block Ifland.
Watehoo, an ifland in the South
Pacific Ocean } a beautiful IJMt, about
6 miles long and 4 broad. N, Iat. ao.
1. W. lung. 158. If.
Watukborough, atownfliipofthe
Dilirifl of Maine, York co. on Moufom,
river, 1 5 miles N. W. of Wells, and 1 1*
from Bofton. It was incorporated In
17B7, and contains 905 inhabitants.
Waterbury, a townfliip of Ver*
mont, in Chittenden co. feparatcd from
Duxbu.y on the fouth-weft by Onion,
river. It contains 93 inhabitants.
Wate aauRY, thenorth-weftemmoft
townlhip of New- Haven co. Connecti-
cut, called by the Indians Matttluck,
It w.is icttled in 1671, and is divided
into the pariflies of Northbury, Saleroy
/ir.d South-Britain.
WATiiREE.a branch of Santee river,
Soutll-C^irolina.
Waterford, a plantation in Cum-
berland CO. Diftri^l of Maine, fbuth-
eaft of Orangetown, or Greenland.
Watprford, a new townfhip in
York CO. Diftrid of Maine, incorpora-
ted February, 1797, formcily'a part of
Waterborough.
Waterford, atownfliipof New-
Jerlt;y, in Gloucefter county.
WATERFORDja neat village of New-
York, ill the townfliip of Half Moon;
which iee.
Waterland, an ifland in the South
Pacific Ocean, lb named by Le Maire.
S. Iat. 14. 46. weft long. 144. 10.
W A t E RQU E c HI E , or Sluecbyy a fmali
river of Vermont, which empties into
Connefiicut river in Hartond.
Watertown, a very plenfant town
in Middlclcx co. Mafliichufetts, 7 miles
'Tcft by north-weft of Bofton. Charles
river is navigableforboats to this town,
7 miles from its mouth in Bofton har-
bour. The townfliip contains 1091 in-
habitants, and was incorporated in 1630)
That celebrated apoftle of the Indians,
the Kcv. Mr. Eliot, relates that in t^^
year 1670, a fti-ange phenomenon' 9p'
peareii in a great pond at Watertown,
where the fifli all died ; anii as many at
could, thruft themfelves on fliore, and
there died. It wr« eftimated that not
le&
sti
vr At
IcA than %o cart-loadt lay dfad at oner
round tlw pond. An eel wai found
•Ihre in the Tandy burder of the pciui,
and upon being caft ngain into it* na-
tural ckmcnt, it wiig^icd out again, h»
faft at it could, and died on tiie (here.
The cattle, accii(lomed tu the water, re-
fdcd to drink it for 3 davn, afiei* \vh.c!i
tbcy drank at ul'ual. When the fi(h Ih-
gan to come on fliore, hel'ore they dial,
many were taken both by Knp;iini and
Indians, and eaten without any injury.
Watertown, atown/liipin Lir'cli-
iieid CO. Conncftirtii. It is ubuut 16
miles N. N. W. of Ncw-Haven.
Water VhiiiT, an exteniivt town-
ship of New- York, Ali^nny cninty, on
the wt(i fide of liiidA u a river, aiul in-
clude* the village of Hamilton, and the
iflandi in the nver nearell the well Mi .
It in boupd-xl weft hy the manor ol
KenHclaerwyck, andcontaimd, in 1790,
7,419 inhahitantt, including 707 iinvcu.
Jn 1796, there were 600 ot the inhabi-
tants qualified electors.
Watland 1/Uind, one of the Baha-
ma Iflnuds in the Weft-li>dies. Tli» S.
point is inUt.14.. N.andlong. 74. well.
Watson, Fcrt, in S. Carolina, w.u
fitua(ed on the N. E. bank of Saiitec
river, about'half wiiy lietwten the mouth
of the Cxingaree and NvUmrn Fort, on
the bend ot tlie river opporite the Eiicaw
Springs. Its garrilbn oi 1 14 men l>cing
hetieged by Gen. Greene, iurrendeied
in April, 1781. He then marched with
\us main tbrce againlt Canulen, higher
up the river.
Waukeague, a village in the town-
iliip of Sullivan, in the Diltridt ot Maine,
9 miles from Dcfert Itlar.d.
WAWASiNK,a village in New. York,
en RondoutKill, a branch of Walikili,
7 miles well ot New Paliz, and la louth-
well of E lupus.
Wawiachtanos, and7Wf*/w/«,
two Indian tribes, rcliding chietly be-
tween Sciota and VVab^lh rivers.
Wayne, a new county in the N.W.
Territv.ry, laid out in the fall of J796,
inclnding the lettlenicnis of Detroit
and Mich.liiinnkkinak.
Wayne, a county of Newbern dif-
trict, N.Carolina J bounded N. by Edg-
combe, and S. by Glal'gow. It contains
6,133 inhabitants, inclulive of 1,557
flaves.
Wayne, atownlhlpof Petinlylvania,
fituated in Mi&iii couiUy^
W E A
Wayni, Fort, in tlieN. W. Terri-
tory, is fituated at the head of the Mfa-
mi of the Laki-, near the Old Miami
Vdl.gcii, at the confluence of St. Jofeph'a
and St. Mary's rivers. It is a fquare
tort» with baftiont at cach'angh , with •
(li(ch an.' parapet, and could contain 500
mm, but has only 300, with 16 pieces of
cannon, (t it 1 50 miles north by welt
of Cincinnati, jitid too weft hy iouth of
Kort Dcti^ncc. The Iidivins ceded ta
the United States a trucl of land 6 miles
ftjuare, whtie this fort lt;imls, at the
laie treaty of peace at Greenville.
Waynesborouch, a pod-town of
N. Carolina, 14 miles trom ICmglton,
50 S. £. irom Kaleigh, anu 49H fiom
Fhitaddphia.
Waynesdorovgh, a pod-town ia
Burke Co. Georgia, 30 miles ibutli of
Augulla, 15 nojtii-ealt of Louifville.
No riv jr of cunieqiicnce pnlil'S mar this
town } yet being the place where boili
the liipenor <)iul interior courts aiehcld«
it i.s in a pruijierous condition.
Wi'.Aat, a townfhip of New-Hamp<'
(hire, fituated in Hillfbornugh co. 18
miles iou:h wol'erly of Concord, 60
wcli of I'orti'iiiouth, and 70 no^th-weft
ot i>ollon. It was iiioi poruted in 1 764,
aud contains 1,9x4 in hdbitacts.
Weathersfielo, a town/hip of
Vermont, Windlor co. on the welt fide
c: CoimcdVicut river, between Windlor
oil the north, and SpringBeld on the
Ibuth. Aicutncy Mountain lies partly
in this townlhip, and in that of Wind-
fur. It is a flourilhing town, and con.
tains 1,097 inhabitants.
Weai HERSFiELD, a poll-town of
Conn£(5licut, pleafantly fituated in Hart-
ford CO. on the weA iide of Conneijkicut
river, 4 miles S* of Hartford, it N. of
Middletun, 36 N< by £ . of New-Haveo,
and 218 N. E. of Philadelphia. This
town was fettled in 1635 or 1636, by
emigtants from Dorchelter inMaii')chu«.
ietts, and has a fertile and luxuriant ibil^
It confifts of between too and 300
houlifs, and has a very elegant briclp
meeting houfe fbr Cungregationalilis.
'I'he inhabitants are generally wealthy
farmers j and beftdca the common pro^
duifiuns of tlie country, raile great
quantities of onions, which are exported
to different pai is of the United btates,
and to the WelUIndiec.
WEATHBuroiLO^iPlaeetCbarlesi aa
Indian koulk and plantation of tha^
nam^
W E L
rnnie, on the earttrn fide of Alabama
river, above M'Gillivray'» filler's place,
and a i^iKxl wjy hcluw the junilion ot
TalU^ufee and Cu«ifa rivtrs.
WiAUCTENEAuTo-wfl/, Indian vil-
laget on Wabalh river, dellroyed l>y
Genends Scutt and Wilklnlbn in 1791.
WgAUS, or Wttatt an Indian trdie,
whole townit lie on the head waters of
Wabalh river. At the treaty vt Grccn-
▼ille they ceded a >ia6^ ot land, 6 miles
fqiiare, to the Uniu-d States.
WtAVkR'9 Lake, in the State of
New- York, is ^ milc»noith-«vc(t of lake
Otiego. It is 1 mile* long and 1 \ brood.
WtBHAMET tivift in the Ditlritl
of Maine, \» the principal entrance by
water to the town of Wells, in York
CO. It has a haired harbour.
Wech(^etank, a Moravian fcttle-
inent made by the United Biethren, in
Pennfylvania, behind the Blue Moun-
tains. In 1760, the Bethlehem congre-
gation purchased i ,4.00 acres of land tor
the Chriltian Imiians. In 176;, it was
deftroyed by white lavages, who inha*
hited near Lancaller ; theyliktwile niur>
dered many of the peaceable Indians
fectled here. It was finally ileftiuytd
by the Ami ricans during the late war.
It lies about 30 miles north-weft by
weft of Bethlehem.
Wei8£NBCko, a townfliip of Penn-
. fylvania, in Northampton county.
Welch Mountaitu, arc iituated in
Chefter co. Pennl'ylvania. Befidcs other
ftreams, Brandy wine Creek riles here.
Welch Tro^, a I'mall territory of
Pennfylvania, ib named becaui'c firlLiet-
tied by Welchmen. '1 here are a num-
ber of fmall towi:s in it, as Haverford-
weft, Merioneth, &c. It it pretty
thicKly inhabited by an indullrious,
hardy and thriving people.
WELCOME, Str 7bomas RotSt or Ne
Ultra, a bay or ftrait in that part of
Hudfun^s Bay which runs up to the N.
round from Cape Southampton, open,
ing between lat. 6i. and 63. N. On the
weft or north Ihore is a fair head land,
called tlie Hope by Captain Middletan,
in lat. 6|S. )o. N.
Wbllflebt, a tovvnfliip of Mafia-
chufetts, in Barnftable co. fituated on
the pcninlUla called Cape Ccd \ S. £.
from Boften, diftant by land 105 miles,
by water 60, and from Plymouth light-
bouTe 8 leagues. The harbour is large,
jjidfluted within with creekt* whert; vcf-
W t L
f«^
fcls of 70 or 80 tons m^y lie Mt in what
is called the Deep Hole. The land U
barren, and its timber it fmall phch-
pine and oak. Before it w.is incorpo-
rated in 1761, ii was called the Nortk
Prtdnil ofEuflham, anil wis originally
incUuled in the Indian Skeektct and Pa-
mtt. In i79o« it contained in; inha-
bitants. Since the memory of people
now living, there have been in this fmall
town 30 pair of twins, bcfideN two births
that prodiici-d three each. Thi! irethoil
(if killing gulls in the gullhunft, is no
doubt an Indian invrntiun, and alio that
of killing birds and fowl upon the beach
in dark nights. The f;ulUnoufe is built
with crutches fixed in the ground on
I lie beach, and covered with poles, the
tides being covered with ftakes and (ea
weed, and the poles on the top covered
with lean whale. The man bcin;; placed
within, is not difcovered by the fowls,
and while they are contending for and
eating the fi(h, he draws them in one
by one between the poles, until he hat
col levied 40 or s^. This number hat
.en been taken in a morning. The
wicthod of. killing fmall birds and fowl
that perch on the beach, it by making
a light ; the prefent mode it with hogs'
lard in a frying pan ; but the Indiana
are {'uppofud to have tiled a pine torch*
Birds, in a dark night, will fluck to
the light, and may be killed with a
walking-cane. It mud be curious to a
countryman who lives at a diftance frora
the fea, to be acquainted with the me-
thod of killing black filli. Their fixe
is from 4 to 5 tons weight, when full
grown. When they come within the
harbours, boats furround them, and
they are as eafily driven on (hore, at
cattle or Iheep are driven on the land.
The tide leaves them, and they are
eafily killed. They are a filh of the
whale kincf, and will average a barrel
of oil each s 400 have been (een at one
time on the fliore. Uf late years thefe
fill) rarely come into the harbours. ■
Wells, a imall, but ra, 'd river of
Vermont, vs-hich, after a th^rt S. E.
courfe, empties into Conneflicut river^
below the Narrows, and in the N. £.
corner of Newbury. Its mouth it 4f
yards wide.
Wells, a townihip of Vermont,
Rutland co. between Pkwlet and Poult*
ney, and contains 63» inhabitants.
Lake St. Auftip lies in ihit. townlbi})*
t^
vri-N
•nd is three miles long, and one broad.
Wells, apoft town of theDiftria
«f Maine, in York co. fitiuted on tlit
bay of its name, about half way lietween
Biddeford and York, and 88 miles N.
by E. of Bofton, and 441 from Phila:
delphia. This townfhip is abovit 10
miles long, and 7 broad j was incorpo-
rated in 1653, and contains ^.070 in-
habitants. It is bounded S. E. by that
£art of the fea called Wells Bay, and
f. £, by Kennebunk river, vhich fe-
fHUrates it from Arundel. Tie fmall
river Negunket, perhaps formerly Ogun-
tiquit, has no navigation, iior mills of
any value, but noticed, about 1 50 years
ago, as the boundary between York
and Wells. The tide through Pifcata-
qua bay urges itfslf into the marfties at
Wells, a few miles E. of Nes»nnket,
-wid fotms a harbour for fmail veflels.
Further E. in this townfliip, the fmail
river Moufum is tbund connng from
ponds of that name about 10 miles from
the fea. Several mills are upon the
river, and the inhabitants are opening a
harbour by means of a canal. Webha-
met , river is the principal entrance to
this town by water.
Wells Bay^ in the townfliip abov^'
mentioned, lies between Capes Porpoife
and Neddock. The courfe from the lat-
ter to Wells Bar, is N. by E. 4. leagues.
Well's FaU'f in Delaware river, lie
1 3 miles N. W. of Trenton, in Ncw-
Jerfey,
Wendell, a townfliip of Mnfiachu-
fetts, in Hanipfliire co. So miles N. W.
of Boltori. It was incorporated in tyZi,
and contains 519 inhabitants.
WtNDELL, a towi'ifjiip of Kcw-
Hampfliire, Chefliite cd. about 1 5 miles
N, E. of Charleiiown, containing 167
inhabitants. It was calltxi Saviile, be-
Core its incorporation in 178).
Wenham, a towniliip of Maflachu-
iiettt, Efiiex CO. l/etw^-t-u Tpiwidi nnd
Beverley i ««> »r.iles N. E. by N, of Bof-
fjn. It was incorporated in 164;^, and
contains 502 inhabitants. licie is a
lar^e pond, well ftorecl with fifli, i'rom
which, ard its vicinity to Sakm, it was,
with, whimfical piety, called £«o«, by
the iirft lettl is.
Wenman, one of the (Jailipap^o
lAaiids, ou the coaft of Peru, fuuatcd
V . of Cape Francifco.
We.^TWORTH, u townfliip of New-
tjiampibiiv, Grafton co. coutoiniiig 241
WES
inhabitantCi It was incorporated itf
1766, and isS. E. of Oxfora, adjoin-
ing.
We SEL, a village of New-Jerfey^'
Eflex CO. on Pafaic river, 1 miles nofth-
wcdward nf Acquakenunk, aixl 5 >)veft.'
ward of Hakkenlack. '' >
West, or H^anttaftiqutkt a river of
Vermont, has its main fource in Brom-
ley, about 3 miles S. E. from the hea4
of Otter-Creek. After receiving 7 or %
fmaller ftreams, and running about 37
miles, it falls into Coniie£licut river at
Brattleborough. It is the largeft of the
(Ireams on the eaft (ide of the Greert
Mountains ; and at its mouth is about
1 5 rods wide, and 10 or 11 feet deep.
A number of figures, or infcriptions^
are yet to be feen upon tWi rocks at the
mouth of this river, feeming to allude
to the affairs of war among the Indians )
but their rudeneis and awkwardnefs de-
note that the formers of them were at
a great remove from the knowlwuge of
any alphabet.
West River Mountain, in New-
Hainpfliire, in the townfliip of Chefter-
field, lies opjiofite to the mouth of Weft
river ; and f n)in this part of Connefti-
oit river to Pifcataqua Harbour on the
call; is 90 miles, the broadeft part of the
State. Here are vifible appearances of
volcanic eruptions. About the year
1 730, the garrilbn of Fort Dummer, 4.
miesdiftant, was alarmed with frirqueht
explofions of fiie and fmoke, emitted by
the mountain. Similar appearances
have been obfrrved fince.
West Bay, a large bay of Lake Su-
perior, at its wefternmoft extremity,f
having the i% ifles at its mouth. It
receives St. Louis river from the weft.
Wfst Bethlehem, atownfhipof
Wadiirgtoii co. Pennfylvania.
Westborough, atownfhipof Maf-
faclmfetts, Worcelter co. 34. miles weft-
Ibuih-weU of Bofton, and 13 eaft of
Worcefter, was incorporated in 1717.
Among other fingiilar occurrences in
the Indian wars, the ftrange fortune of
Silas and Timothy Rice is worthy of
notice. They were fons of Mr. Edmohd
Rice, one of f^c firft fettltrs in this
town, and carried off by the Indians ort
Augvit S, 1704, the one 9 the other f
years of age. They loft their mother
ongue, had Indian wives, and childreti
by them, and lived at Cagnatvaga. Si-
las wM named Totkanawrmt and Ti-
mothy.
V
moth
recor
India
ftren
rived
the
<lowi
houl
plac(
chil*
he r(
did
who
forg
tun
the
Gajl
ter
jnei
•V
1-9
37
at
the
feen
..\\
aiothy) Ougbtforongougbton, Timothy | fctts ; fituated in the fowth^weft conier
recoinmcndkd himltlt To much to the i of Worcefter co. igii4|^eaftby noitii
Indians by his penetration, courage, of Springfield, 39 in thie filmed ■"""*'*'•'
ftrc;ngth, and warlike fpirit, that he ar-
rived to be the third ot the 6 chiefs of
the Cagtttvwagas. I» 1740 he came
down to fee his friends. He viewed the
houfe where Mr. Rice dwelt, and the
place frcm whence he with the other
children were captivated, of both which
he retained a cU-ar remembrance ; as he
did likev^'ift: of iifveral elderly perfons
who .were then iiving, though he had
forgot the Englifh language.^ He re-
turned to Canada, and, it is fatd^ he was
the chief who made the fpeech to Gen.
Gage in liehalf of the Cagnawagas, af-
ter the redii6lion of Montreal. Thefe
men were alivt^in 1790.
West Camp, a thriving village of
New-York, containing about 60 lioufeS,
in Columbia co. on the eall fide of
Hudibn's river, 7 miles above Red Hook,
and 13 north of New- York city.
West-Chester, a county of New-
York } bounded nortl. by Dutchels co.
Ibuth by Loag-IAand Sound, well by
Hudfon's river, and eaft by the State of
Connecticut. It includes Captain's
lilands and all the iHands in the found,
to the eaft of Frogs NecJ', and to the
northward of the main channel. In
1793, it contained 24,00;} inhabitants^
including 1419 Haves. In 1796, there
from WorceAcr, am 73 fowth-
fouth of fio^n.
Western, I'prty in the Diimft of
Maine, was ere£tcd in 1752, on the eaft-
bank of the iinali fall which terminate! .
the navigation of Kenneheck river. It
is 18 miles from Taconnet Fail. Se«
KeHtiebtck Rhver, It is in the townAiiji
of Harwington, Lincoln co. A com-
pany was incorporated in Feb. 1796, t»
build a bridge over the river at chu
place.
Western Precinif, in Somerfet co.
New-Jerfey, contains 1,875 inhabitants,
including 317 flavcs.
Western Territory. See Ttrritnj
Nortb-fTejlo/ the Ohio.
Westfield, a townfliip of Ver-
mont ; Orleans co. fourh of Jny
Westfield, a pleafant poft-town
of Mallachui(;tts, Uamplhire co. on the
river of this name, in aciuious vale, lo
miles weA of S^H-ingfield, 34 eaft of
Stockbridge, 5a fouthweft of Wo:cef-
ter, 105 \'eft-fuuth-weft of Bofton, and
260 from Philadelphia. It contains 4
Congregational church, an academy,
and r.bout 50 or 60 compa^ hoiifes.
The townfhipwas incorpoiated in 16^0,
and contains 2,204 inhabitants.
Westfield, a fmall river of Mafla-
were, in its 21 townfhips, 3,243 of the > chufetts, which rifes in Berklhire co.
inhabitaiUs qualified ele^ors.
West-Chester, the chief townlhip
of the above county j lying partly on
the Scvn'.l, about i $ miles eafterly of
New- York city. It was much impo-
verifhed in the kte war, and contains
.1203 inhabitants; of wlom 164 are
electors, and 242 flaves.
West Chester, thf chief town of
Chefter co. Pennl'ylvania, containing
about 50 houl'es, a court-houfe, itone
gaol, and a Roman Catholic church. Tc
is about 25 miles weft of Philadelphia.
Westerly, a poft-town on the fea-
coaft of Waihington co. Rhode-Ifland,
and feparated from Stonington in Con-
ue6licut by Paucatuck river, 36 miles
weft by fouth of Newport, and 256
from Philadi'luhia. The inhabitants
,ca.ry on a briflc coafting trade, and are
cxtenfivejy engigcd in the filheries.
The town^iip contains 2,298 inhabi-
tants, of wlioin 10 are flaves.
vrBSTERN0 ii tewofliip of Maflachu-
and runs nearly a fouth-eaft courfe
through 'Middlefitld, Weltfield, and
Weft-Springfield, where it empties int»
the Connefliciit, by a mouth about 39
yards wide.
Westfield, a townflilp of New,
York, W;(liington co. bounded fouth-
crly by Kingtbury, and northerly bjf
Whitehar.. It contains 2,103 inhabi.-
tants, of whom 186 are electors, and 9
flaves. It lies near Lake George.
Westfield, in Richmond co. New-
York, is bounded northerly by the
Frefh Kill, eafterly by SouthfieUi, «nd
werterly by the Souiul. It contains
1151 inhabitants, of whom 131 ar«
eleitors, and 276 ilaves.
Westfield, a fmall town in FJTcx
CO. New-Jerfey, containing a Prefbyte-
riaa churrii, and about 40 compail
houfes. It is about 7 or 8 miles VV,
of Elizabeth-Town.
West-Florida. Sec Florida. *
Westford, a towndiip of Vermont^
[
•^nmrnim
l^,Mn*„MUmiflk*>mi>
r
. C*'"#iflU
IB Chhtimdpn c(^N. E. of Colchefter,
tains 63 inhabitants.
ipbfMaflUchu-
co. 48.miie»
;on, and contains t^4^
In tlie year i79S« an aca>
4^liniih$ eftiblifhed here.
WEiT-GaBENWiCH, a tovrnftiip in
XLentco. Riuxie>Ifland» containing I1O54
iohabitantfl, including 10 flaves.
Wrbtham, a fmall town ci Virginia,
Henrico co. an the N. bankof Jnmes'
' river, 6 miles N. W. by W, oi Rich
rnan^i Here Bcnedi£l Arnold delh-oy-
'«d one ot the iineft foundai'ie^i <or can-
aoh in Africa, and a large quantity of
ftore»; riipp7r"ri, in Januat y, i / << i .
Ai^flHMiyiijrTO^ a townOiip df
.^>4HA4|iV^lUi Kaavplhire co. 7 r. ilet*
Wefterly oi Northampton, and 1 09 ii.
W. hjiW, of Bofton. It contains 687
inhabitants, ami lies on ihs W. fide ot
Connecticut river.
West Harbour^ on the S. co.ift of
the ifland of Jamaica, is to the N. of
Portland Point. There is good anchor-
age, but expofed to Sv and S. E. winds.
^,|^$t-Haven, a parifti of the town-
Aiji of New-Haven, in Connecticut,
Sleafantly fituafed on the Harlraur and
ound, 3.niiles W. S. W.of the city.
W^est-Indies, amuhitudeofidands
between North and bouth America,
which were fo named at fnft, on ^he
prefumption that tliey extended lb far
as to form a connexion with tltof? of
the Eaft-Indies. The fallacy of dtis
fuppofition wa« foon difcovered ; the
name, however, has been retained, to
prevent confufion in the geographical
accounts ot the iilands. The continent
was ulfo foir'Aimcsicalled by this name,
|ill its natiu'al divifiun being more at-
tended to, it obtained a diiUnCl appe!
latMO. See Caribbee ijlands^ and Antil-
Itt. They lie in thciorm of a bow, or
lemidrcle, ({retching almoft fr«rn the
coaft of Florida n«rth, to the river Oro-
noka, in the main, continent of South-
America. Such as are worth cnlttva-
lion, now belong to five Euiopean pow-
ers.^vit. Great-Britain, Spain, France,
Uoiland, and Denmark.
The Br»Vi/16 claim
Tamaica, XJrenada, and the
Barbadoes, Grenadines,
St. ChriAopherSi Dominica,
Amiguat St. Vinc«otj
Nevis, Bermudas,
Montferrat, The Bahama i liU
' Barbuda^ ands.
Anjiuilla,
,r^ ..A -Vfota clanos
CubaT/ i Trinidad,
Porto RicqiiA ^ Maigaretta.
The French claim
St. Domingo, or '' Guadaloupe,
Hiipaniola, ' St. Lucia,
Martinico, Tobago.
The Dutch claim the'ifiands o^
St. Eullatia, Curaflbn, or fCa«
•"if.ba, lafoa. V
Denmark claims the iflaiKls of
?jt. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John's.
. Snueden alii) poflefi!}*
The fmall iiland of St. Barlbo]om|wi
The climate in all the Wefti^Indi^ \iU
ands is neatly the fame, aliuwingi for
thofe accidental differences whicb th»
levcral fituaiions and qualities of the
lands iherofelves produce. As ihey
lie within the tropics, and the fun gtra
quite over their heads, paffing be]|rond
them to the iwrth, and never retuming
larther from any of them than about
30 degrees to the fouth, they wouU* be
continually fubjeCled to an extreme and
intolerable heat, . if tlie trade windt, ri>
fing gradually as the iiin gathers ftrength^
diii not blow in upon them from the
Tea, and refresh the air in fuch a !j>an-
ner, as to enable them to attend their
concerns even under the meridian-fan.
On the other hand, as the night advan-
ces, a brreze b^ns to be perceived,
which blows iinartly from the land, as
it were from the centre, towardit. the
fea, to all points of the compafs it dhce.
By the fame remarkable Providence in
the difpoling of things, it is, that when
the fun har* made a great progrefs to-
wards the tropic of Cancer, and becomes
in a manner verticali he draws after
him a vaft body of clouds, which
(hield them- from his direct beams, and
diffolving into rain, cool the air, and
refrefli the country, tUirfty with the long
drought, which commonly prevails
irorti the beginning of January ta the
latter end of May. The rains make
the only diflinflion of feafons in the
Weft-Indies } the trees are green the
whole year round } tbev have no cold;
no frofti no fpowa» aod but rarely (bmc
iiaili
X
R^
M
7S
'•'■ lA
»V '
m4 ' '< m '1
k*
Lii,
?fe*.
iir*
jOfal.«M.
ir^r^ 1
i;
^te^n aa 1
/^
^5
wmm
Wm
s i
w
.p'sy:,.;,.;
*«
■*t<r\:'\' *■
S-'
''W^.
!J . (.
..,JS?^'*»^.,
'■'^ .-
.#
#
^-«s
■ ^?l
i'>»|»gW a-'W. . W I< < l?y.-'».,tWliii«t>| i^
ffiil) tKe< ftorm* of bail are» however,
▼ery violent wht.' they happen, and
the hail-ftones vr y mat and heavv.
The grand ftaplw^ commodity of the
Weft-Irtdie* is Uigar. ThePttrtuguefe
were the firft who culti crated it in Ame-
rica. The juice of the fugar cane is
the moft lively, excellent, and the leaft
tloying fweet in nature-. They Com-
pute that, when things are well ma-
naged, the rum and molafles pay the
charges of the plantation, and the fu-
gars are clear gain; The (Quantity of
rum and molalfts erporred from all the
Sritith Weft-Indiii Iflands iti 17S9 fo
all parts, was accurately as follows :
Rum, 9,492,177 gal.ofwhichi, 4.85,461
gal. came to the United States; Molaf-
les, 11,191 gal. of which xooo gal.
time to the United States. The ne-
groes in the plantations are Aibfifted at
B very eafy rate^ This is generally by
allotting to each family of them a fmall
^rtion of land, and allowing them two
days in the week, Saturday and Sunday,
to cultivate it ; fome are fubfitted in
this manner, but others find their ne-
groes a certain portion of Indian or
Guinea torn, and to fome a fait herring,
or a certain poi'tion of bacon or fait
pork, a day. All the reft of the ch?rge
confifts in a cap, a fliiit, a pair of breecn-
«fs, and a blanket ; and the profiiof their
labour yields on an average ^10 or^ii
alinually* The price of men negroes,
Upon their fird arrival, is from ^30 to
Xl^ I women and grown boys 50s. lefs ;
but fuch negro families as are acquaint-
ed with the huflnel's of the iflands, ge-
nerally bring above ^40 upon ah aver-
age onp with another; and there are
Snftances of a fmgle negro man, expert
in the bufinefs, bringing 1 50 guineas ;
and the wealtli of a planter is generally
computed from the number of flaves he
poflefles. In the year 1787, the Mora-
vians or United Brethren, had the fol-
lowing number of converted negro
flaves, independent of thofe who atten^.-
ed divine I'ervice.
In Antigua - - - 5*465
In St. Kitts, a new mifllon • - 80
In Barbadoes and Jamaica about 100
In St. Thomases, St. Croix, and
St. John's about - 10,000
In Sun'inam (or the continent)
about .... 400
Still living in the Weft. Indies —
andSurrinam « • I'^i^^S
Fiputatkn tftb$ BuM We/
I/.
Jamaica
Barbadoet
Grenada
St. Vincent
Dominica '
Antigua
Montlerrat
Nevis
St. Chriftopher't
Virgin Ifles
Bahamas
Bermudas
Toi-^i 65105 4S5»68f
There is likewife, inbch of the iflands»
a number of perlbnil of mixed blood»-
and native blacks of ree condition., I^
Jamaica, they are re^oned at 10,000 $
and about the fame nhiber in the other
iflands taken colle£li|ly. The follow-
ing ftatement was ma^ by Mr. Dundaa
in the Britifli Houfe « Commons. Ini«
ports from the Brith Weft-Tndies in
'79S» £*»8oo>ooo ftd.-^revenue arif-
ing therefrom, iCiti4>oo<''^fltipping'
employed in that trae, 664 veiTels-^A
tonnage, 1 53,000— fanen, 8,000. Ex^
ports from Great-Btain to the Weft«t
Indies, in i794> iCsl^OiOOO) employ^
ing 700 veneb"toiiage, 177,000—%
feamen i2,coo. Pre ice of the iflanda
imported and re-expo sd, ^3,700,000.
The foiiowing accour of the white in^
habitants, firee neerc^, and flaves, inf
the French iflands is grafted fsom the
ftatement of Monf. ^tckar; but it i«
tho^ught that the nk-o flaves vitam:*'
doubled before the dtnmencement ol^
the French revolution!
«779
l77«
>779
St. Dominp in
Mirtinico in
Guadaioape in
SI. Lucia in tTf
Tobago (ftippofed "%
to DC the hm« >
aa St. Lticia) 3
Cayeuse (S> A.J in 17(6
V. Blacki.
7»»M
•,89a
»>»40
•>oio
SIMM.
•49)*9a
7».««t
■5»3«7
«0,J4«
«<»«74»
•OiS)t
«j|a
t3>4<» 437,73<
The French writers 4te the number
of fliips employed in heir Weft-India
tr^de at 600, each onkn average 300
tons — their feamen at 115,000. The
prodtice in 1785, i6onllion.sof livres.
The Weft-India tr'ade 1 thought to be
worth to France about ^400,000 fterl.
annually. This was b(H>r^ the revolu-
I
tion. The value of thi
India trade it bl<rndv
SpaniOi Weft-
wjit^h that of'
America
m
nes
Amertcf in gene 1 1 Cee Spaniji Am^-
riea. The Diifi Weft- India ttade
^l^m
Iwringji in a rf
pvnmvk of
^ id« are dei
to the King of
dollats. The
under their relpec-
iVentMiiea-
We«T LiBiiKir, a> poll town of
yiivinja, and thcjapital of Ohio co.
'» muated at the 1 ;id of Short Creek,
^- miks from the rtiio. It contains
fbove lao hourei* I 'relbyterian church,
f couit-houfe and j ol. It iiei t miU t
weft of the Pennfy inta line, 1 9^ north-
weft of Wheeling, k weft of Wafliing.
(on In Fennfyl^MtiU ^^^ 34^ weft of
Philadelphia. "
We »r RUifi^tjj weft fliore of Kud-
o's Bav in NortMimciici. is i'o calleil,
at leaft diat partoi|i> called J^rjes Bay.
lee Ea/I Mbm,
Westminste atownlhipof Miif-
f^dtufetta, (ituateL n Worcefter co. was
nanted to thofe « lo did iervice in the
^arraganftt war» < their heirs, in 1 7x8,
}nd was then ftylei NMrraganJiu -^t* *•
t was incorporate by its prelent name
& 1759) >nd con ins so,coo acres of
^ad« well waterei It is fituated on
the height of lane between the nvers
Merrimack and <3nnedicut, having
ftreams arifin^ in t '. town, and running
into both. It is tout 55 miles. from
Ipofton to the nort of weft, and about
%% miles north fron Worce(ter«,and con-
tains 177 dweUiit-hottfe8> and 1176
iphabitants. f
We ST MI N sfsi a confiderabte town-
ib'P of'Vermontjjin Windham cu. on
Conne61icut riverjoppofite W; 'pole in
Ncw-I|^mpfliire. It contains 1601 in-
habitants. Sexto's river erters the
Connciliciit in th*. E. corner of the
townfliin. Here i» poft-office 1$ miks
.north oi Brattlebokigh, 18 north- weft
of Keen, in New-kampihire, 59 uuith
oj" Nprthanipion ij Maffachuratts,. and
3»j) north ealt pf fiiladelphia.
WESTMlNsTri, the etfternmoft
town pf Frederlclcco. Maryland, about
18 miles E. N. 8 of Wocxi (borough,
s6 north weftcf ^aliinwre, am! 4.7 N.
by E. of the cityif WaOiington.
WESTMORKjfhe wefternmoft to\m-
flilp of Effex CO. *ermorit. Willough-
by Lake lies in t.is towivlhip.
Wbstmoreqvnd, a county of Vir
l^inta, bounded
fowmack river.
oith and eaft by Pa-
which divides il from
Mary'and, ibutFeaft by Northcmber-
lam), ibuth-weft by Richmond, wid weft
by Kmg George. It coDtains 77ta in-
habitants, of whom 4ft s are flaves*
This county has the honour rf having
itiven bi*jd» toGEORCE Washington,
fiift Prelident of the United States.
The court-houle in this cminty is on'
the fouth bank, of Patowmack river, lO'
miles N. by E. of Richmond, t6 iKurth-
weftof Kinfale, and 189 fouth w^ft by
ibiith of Philadelphia. Here is a poft-
office.
Westmoreland, a county of Penn-
fylvania, boinided north by Lycoming^
and fouth by Fayette co. and a^ouiida
wit'i iron ore and coal. It contain^' i*
townfliips and 10,0:8 inhabitants, in-
cluding ti8 Haves. Chief town Greeni'>
burc.
Vvestmorelan-d, a confiderable
townftiip of New Hampfliiie, Cheftiiie
CO. oj) tlm eaftem bank of Connc6Ucut
river, between Cheilei field and Wal-
poie, lYamllfs from Portfmouth. \k
was incorporated init75«, and contati»i
x,oi8 inhabitants.
We sTM ORE LAM 9, a towniliip' of
New-York, in Herkemer co. taken from.
Whtteftown, and incorporated in 1792 »
In 1796, it o(>ntained 840/ inhabitants,
of whom 137 wereele^lois. Tlie cen-
tre of the town is 6 miles fouth of Fort
: Schuyler, and 36 north-weft;of Cooperf-^
■towrt.
Westmoreland, a tra6l. of land
in Pennfyivania, bounded eaft by Dela-*^
ware river, weft by a line drawn due-
north and fouth 1 5 miles weft of Wy- ,
oming on Surquehahnah river, and bci.
tween the parallels of 41 and 49 de-
grees of north. lat. was) claimel by the
State of G^nnefUcutj as within the li-
mits of tlieir original charter, and in
1 7 54. vizr, uurchaied of the Six Nations
of Indians by the Sufquehaiinah and De-
laware con ipanies, and afttiwarcis i(:ttled..
ny a confulerable colony, under the-
juriUiii5lion of Conne^icut. This tra£t
was called Wefi'-ntirtlandy and annexed
to tiie county \ii Litchfield in Con-
ue('^jciit. The Pciiniylvanians difput-
ed the claim of Cov^neflicut to thefe.
ianiis, atid ir the progrefs of this bufi»-
net's tiiere wav much w.um contention,,
and ibmc bloodftied. T^ils unhappy
difpute h^s fiucc heen adjulled. Sea
Wyoming.
Weston, a townfhip of Maflacho-
fetts, iu Middlelex ca. i s miicji weft of
Baft«iu.
' w*.
MM Vttw
77*3 iii-
e Havct*
f having-
INCTON,
State*,
nty is an-
riveri lO'
t6nort)i.
w.ft by
Map«ft.
vrts
Bofton. tt was incorporated in X7ii|
andtontains ifOi^ lAhaHitaAta.
Weston, p, towi.JTy;* 01" ConneA!-
«tit» Fairii«ki co« north ut' Fairfield, ad-
joining.
. Weston's l/la»d$t groups of iflands
in Janiev's Bay.
West Po i n t, a (Iror.g fortreft creft-
cd duiing the revolution, on the weft
bank of Hudfou's river, in the State of
Kev^-York, 6 miles alwve Anthony's
Noft, 7 below Ftfli-Kill, zi S.of Poogh-
Iceepfie, ami about 60 N. of New- York
city. It is fiCiiated in the midft of the
high lands, and is ftrongly fortified by
nature as v^eil as art. The principal
fort is ^tttiated on a point of land, iarm-
cd by a fudden bend in the river* and
<ommaiida it, for a confiderable diftance,
above and below. Fort Putnam is fiiu-
ated a little farther back, on an emi-
nence which overlooks the other fort,
and commands a greater extent of the
river. There are a number of boufes
and barracks on the point near the forts.
On the opjpofite Hde of the river, are
the ruins of Old Fort Conttitutton, with
fome barracks going to decay. A num-
ber of continental troops are ftationcd
here to guard the arfenal and ftores of
the United States, which are kept at this
«lace. This fortrefs is called the Gib.
raltar of America* as by realbu of the
rocky ridges, riling one behind another,
it is incapable of being invefled by lefs
than 10,000 men. The fate of Ameri-
ta fecmed to hoVer over this place. It
was taken by theBritifli, and aftei wards
retaken by ftomi) in a very galiuiu
manner, by Gen. Wayne. Benedift
Arnold, to whom the important charge
pf this foit was committed, defia;ned to
iiave fiirrendered it up to the Britilh }
butProvidencedifappoinred the treafon-
'ible deligrv, by the moft limple nieans.
Major Andre, a moit accompUnied and
gallant ofiicer, was t»ken> tried, and
executed as a fpy, and Arnold efcaped.
Thus the BritiA exchanged one of their
beft officers, for one of the worlt men
in the American army>
WestPORt, a floiirifhing townfhip
of Maffachufetts, Briftol co. 70 miles
ibutherly of Bofton. It was incorpo-
rated in r7'87, and contains 2,466 in-
habitants.
West Spriugfiel!), a townfhip of
Maffachuletts., Hampfhiie co. on the
W. fid« of Conrieflicut ri;'t;r, oppofite
W H A 595
Springfield, about at miles north of
Hartford, and lOo W. 8. W. of Bofhm.
In the compact part are about forty
dwelling houles, and a CongrcgatiomJ
church. The townfliip Contains 3 pa«
rilhes, and i>)67 inhabitants.
West-Stockbridob, a towmfliip
of Maflachuletts, in Berklhire co. ad-
joining Stockhridge on the weft, aad
has the New. York line on the north-
weft, nd lies i jo miles from Bofton.
William's river, and its ftreams, wate^
the townftiip, and accommodate 3 iron,
works, a fuUing-mUIf a grift-mill, and
» Taw mills.
West-Town, a townibip inCheftcr
CO. Pennfylvania.
Wethersfisld. SttWeatherifitU,
Wbybridge, a townfhip of Ver-
mont, in Addifon county, feparated from
New- Haven on the N. and E. by Ot-
ter Creek. It contains 175 inhabitants.
Snake Mountain lici nearly on the line
between this townlbip and that of Ad-
difon on the weft.
Weymouth, the Weffagufant or
Woffag^tti of the Indiana, a townfhip
of Maftachufetts, Norfolk co. incorpo.
rated in 1635. It lies 14 miles S. E.
of Bofton, and employs fome fmall vef-
fels in the mackaiel bfhery. Fure river
on the N. W. and Back river on the S.
£. include near one half of the town,
fhip. The cheefe made here is reckon-
ed among tlie beft brought to Bofton
mHrket. It is faid to be one of the old-
eft towns in the State : Mr. Wefton,
an Englifh merchant, having made a
temporary fettlement here in fummer,
1622. It contains 232 houfes, and
1469 inhabitants.
Whale Cove Ijland, in the north,
em part of N. America, is the moft
northerly of two iflands lying to the S.
of Brook Cobham, or Marble Iftand,
which is in lat. 63. N. Lovegrdve, the
other ifland, has a fair opening to the
weft of it.
Whale Fish ijlatidy in the river
EflVquibo, on the coaft of S. America,
is above the Seven Brothers, or Seven
Iflamls, and below the Three Brothers.
Whale Ifiandt at the mouth of
M'Kenzie's river, in the North Sea or
Frozen Ocean, on the north coaft of
the noith-wcftern part of North- Ameri-
ca. N. lat. 69. 14.
Whappino's Creeh^ a fmall creek
vvliich empties tlxrough the eaft bank of
£' p 2 HiulCon' a
596
WH I
Hudibn's river, in the townlhipoFFKh-
Kill, X miles foiithrof Poughkeepfir, and
7» north of New* York city. Here are
two milli, at whkh confidenble bufi-
neft it performed.
Wharton, a townfliip of Fayette
CO. Pennfylvania.
Whatbly, n towmfliip of Maflachu-
fetts, in Hampfliire CO. lo mileif north
of Northampton, and 105 mile* from
Bofton. It was incorporated in 1771,
and contains 736 inhabitants.
Whbeiinc, or Wbttlitt, a poft-town
of Virgrinia, fitiiated at the mouth of a
(.c:ek on the eall bank of Ohio river,
10 miles ^bove Grave Creek, i3 Ibuth-
weft of Weft Liberty, and 61 fouth-
weft of Pittfburg. Not far from this
Jtlace, a wall has been dil'covercd fome
eet under the eartli, very regularly
built, apparently the work of art. It.
is 363 miles from Philadelphia.
Wheel^ck, a townlhip of Vermont,
in Caledonia co. about so miles north-
weft of Littleton, and contains 33 in>
habitants.
Wheelwright <?«/, at the north-
weft end of the ifland of St. Chrifto-
Sher's in the Weft-Imlies, has Willet's
tay and Mafshoufe Bay to the eaft, and
Courpon's and Convent Bays to the
fouth-weft. There is a fand before the
entrance which appears to prevent iliips
from going in.
WuENNUiA, oneof twofmall iflands
in the South Pacific Ocean, near the
ifland of Otaha.
Whetstone Fon^ " on the north
fide of Patapfco river, and weft fide of
the mouth of Baltimore harbour, in
Maryland. It is oppofite Golluch
Point, if miles eafterly from the Balti-
more Company's iron-works, at the
mouth of Gwinn's Falls.
Whip PA NY, a village of New-Jer-
fey, Morris co. on a branch of Paflfaick
river, nearly 5 miles N. £. of Murrif-
town.
Whirl, or Suck, in TennefTec river,
Ces in about lat. 35. N.
White, a river or tdirent iflliing
fivm the mountaiii of fulphur in the
ifland of Gaudafoupe, in the Weft- In-
dies. It is thus named as often afTum-
ing a white colour from the afhes and
fulphur covering it. It empties into
the river St. Louis.
White, a river of Louifiana, which
joint Arkiu^ river, a water of the
w H r
Mifliffppi, about 10 milet above tfe
fort, which Mr. Hutchins reckons 590
' computed miles from New-Orleant, and
660 from the fea. It has been havi-
eated above soo miles in flat- bottomed
boats. See Arkanfat, 1
White, a fmall river of the N. W.-
Territory, which purfues :) north- weft,
and, near its mouth, a wefterly courfe,
and enters Wnbafli river, i« miles be-
low the month of Chick afaw river.
White, a river of Vermont, which
falls intoConnefticut river about 5 mile*
below Danmoath college, between Nor-
wich and Hartford. It is from 100 to
1 50 yards wide, fome diftance from its
mouth. Its Iburce is ill a fpring, which
by means of Onion river, communi-
cates with Lake Champlain. It de-
rives its name from the whitenefs of it»
water.
White Bay, on the E. coaft of Ncww
foimdland Ifland, in the Machigonis ri-
ver. Its N. limit is Cape d'Areent.
White Cape, or Blanco, on tne weft;
coaft of New-Mexico, is ao leagues to
the north-weft of Herradura. This cape,
in lat. 10. N. bears with the ifland Ca-
noe, at north-weft by weft and S. E. by
£. and with St. Lnke liland at N. E.
by N. and fouth-weft by fonth-, being
about 9 leagues from each.
White Deer, a townfliip of Pennfyl'-
vania, flttiated on Sufquehannah river.
White Ground, a place in the Creek
country, lO miles from Little Talaflee.
Whitefield, a townfliip of Penn-
fylvania, in Weftmoreland county.
Whitehall, a townfliip of Penn-
fylvania, in Northampton county.
Whitehall, a townfhip ot New-
York, Wafhington eo. bounded fouth-
erly by "-he S. bounds of the traft form-
erly called Skeenfboiough, and north-
erly' by the north bounds of the county.
In 1790, it contained 805 inhabitants.
In 1796, 150 ef the inhabitants were
ele£lors.
White Marsh, a townfhip of Penn-
fylvania, Montgomery eo.
White Mo«»/aM/. SeeNew-HamP'
/hire.
Whitefai NE, a tovtmfhip of Penn-
fylvania, Montgomery co.
White Plains, a townfhip of New-
York, Weft-Chcfter co. bounded eafter-
ly by Mamaroneck river, and wefterly
by' Bronx river. It contains 505 in-
habitantSk of whom 76 are electors, and
,49flaves»
fox
Br
>7
Ki
Y«
Sc
th(
Ba
W H I
•
49 flavet. It U remarkable for a battle
flight here between rlic American and
Britiih forces, on the aSth of OAobcr,
1776. It is 15 miles E. by N. of
Kinelbridge, )o N. E. by N. of New-
Yorfci and iz< from Pltiladelphia.
White PmmU on the coaft of Nova-
Scotia, is about 3 leagues to iht Ibutb-
weft fram Cape Canru, and north. eaii
of Green Point. There is an tHand off
ihe point that (belters Bar Haven.
WHiTit Ptiut, on the cuait of Cape
^reton Ifland, is about a mile S. W. of
Black Cane, near the harbour of Louii-
burg, and the eaft point of Gabarus
Bay.
WHITE Poittt, in the ifland of Jamai-
ca, lies eaftward of White Horfe Cliffs,
about 7 leagues E. of Port Royal.
Whitp/s Bay,, on the coaft or New-
foundland. M. lar. so. 17. W. Jong.
56. 15.
White's River, on the N. E. coaft
of Jamaica, is near the weft limit of
Port Antonio.
Wkitestown, in Herkemer co.
New- York, on the fouth fide of Mo-
hawk river, 4 miles weft of Old Fort
Schuyler, and 100 weft of Albany.
The compact part of this new and
flourifliing town lies on one beautiful
ftreet about a mile in length, ornament-
ed with trees. The houfes are gener-
ally fumithed with water, conduced
by pipes laid under ground, from the
neighbouring hills. At prefenc the
court-houl'e, meeting-houfe, and fchool-
koul'e, are combined in one building }
but it is contemplated fliortly to ere&
feparate and handfoirx edifices for thefe
feveral purpofes. The foil of this town
is remarkably good. Nitie acres of
wheat in one Held, yielded, on an aver-
age, 41 hufhels of wheat, of 6olb.each,
an acre. This is no uncommon crop.
This town and its neighbourhood has
been fettled with remarkable rapidity.
All that diftri6l comprehended between
the Oneida Refervation, and the Ger-
man Flats, and which is now divided
into the townftiips of Whiteftown, Pa-
ris, and Weftmoreland, was known, a
few years lince, by the name of Wbitef-
totvft, and no longer ago than 17 21 5,
contained two families only, thofe of
Hugh White, and Mofes Foot, ef(}uires.
In 1796, there were within the fame
limits, 5 parifhes, with as many fettled
ipinUlfrS) 3 full regiments pf iriilitia, i
W I L J97
corps of light-horfe, all !n uniform.
In the whole, 7339 inhabltmts, of
whom 1 190 were qualified eleflors.
Whitb H^Md Ifland, or Dt BoU
Btanc. See NUchUtmnkhituik.
Whiting, a townftiip of Vermont,
in Addifon co. feparated irom Leicefter,
on the F/. by Otter Creek, and has part
of Orwell on the W. It contains %io
inhabitants.
WHiTTiNGHAM,a townfbip of Ver-
mont, in the Ibuth-weft corner of Wind- ^
ham CO. containing 441 inhabitants.
Whitsvn IJland, in the South Pa-
cific Ocean, is about 4 miles iong, and
3 broad ; and fo furrounded by breakers
that a boat cannot land. S. lat. 19.
16. W. long. 137. 56. Variation of
the needle in 1767, 6*> E.
Wiandots, c ■ V/yandots, an Indian
tribe inhabiting near Foit St. Jofeph,
and DeUoit in the N. W. Territory.
Warriors, aoo.
WiAPoco, or Little Wia, is an out-
let or arm of the river Oroonoko, on the
weft fide. It has many branches,
which are all navigable.
WxcKFORD, a fmall trading village
in the townfhip of North~Kingftown»
Rhode-Ifland, and on the weft fide of
Narraganfet Bay j 24 miles fbuth of
Provi&nce, and 9 or iq N. W. of New-
port.
WiESPiNCAN, a river of ^ouifiana*
which empties iuto the Miflifippi, t%
miles above the Soutoux village.
Wicomico, fmall river of Mary-
land, which rif'es in Suffex county, Dt-
laware, and empties into Fifliing Bay,
on the eaft ftiore of Chefapeak Bay.
WioHcOMico, a fbort navigable
river of Maryland, which is formed by
Piles, and Allen's Frefh, and, running,
foi^thward, empties into the Patowmac»
about 35 miles from its mouth. Cob.
Neck forms the north limits of its
mouth.
Wight, JJle of. See JJte of fTigbt
CoHttty.
Wight, J^e of; eaft end of Long-
Ifland. See Gardner^s IJland.
WiLBRAHAM, a to\A nfhip of MafTa-
chu(etts, in Humpfhirc co. lu miles
eatt of Springfield, 30 north call of
Haitfora in Connefticut, and S9 1 uth-
wefl of Bofton. It was incorporated in
1703 J contains two parifhes, and 1^55
inhabitants.
Wilkes, ^ covnty 9f the Upper dlf-
Pp3
Uia
59«
W IL
wi u
tria of Ocwgia, (epirat«d from Sooth- t Cook*i river, it In U^ 59. M. and loof ^
OMnolina, on the ttftwanl, by Savin,
nah river, md contalna 31,300 inHiabU
tantSi bcludbg 7,t6l flavci. Tobac-
co is the chief produce of this county,
of which it exported abqat 3000 hhdi.
in 17II. It ia well watered, and ia fa-
moua fora medicinal Tpring, near its chief
town, Waiiti^oui which fee.
Wilkes, a county of Morgan dif-
trift, in the north-weft comtrol North-
Carolina. It contains 1,143 inhabi-
tants, including 549 flawa.
Wilkes, a poft-town, and chief of
the above county, 33 miles from Rock-
Ibrd, 45 from Morgantown, and 611
fiom Philadelphia.
WiLKftBAKKE, or fFilkJhirgi a poft-
town of Pcnnfylvania, and chief town of
Luicme co. ntuated on the fouth-caft
fide of the eaft branch of the Sui'que-
hannah. It contains a court- houle,
gaol, and about 45 houfes. 7" is 67
aiilra N. B. of Bethlehem, alout the
fiMoediftancc above Sunbury, and iiX
N. by N.W. of Philadelphia.
W|LL£T*s Ba/t at the north- weft
and of the ifland of St. Chriftopher's.
Wilier s Gut is at tlw Ibuthwcft ceaft
ni the fame iAand.
William, Fortt (now called theC«/:
tit) was creaed on Caiilc lOand in Bol'-
ton harbour, in the ic>gn of king Wi|.
Uam, by Col. Roemer, a famous engi-
neer. When the Britiih troops evacu-
ated Bofton, in March, 1776, the fortifi-
cations were blown up, but were foon
after repaired. The buildings are the
jjpvemor'k houle, a magaaine, gaol, bar-
racks, and work-fhops. On this ifland,
which contains about iS acres of land,
diftant 3 miles from the town of Bofton,
there are a number of convijis, who are
iimtenced to confinement here fur differ-
ent periods, according to their crimes,
and employed in the manuta^ure of
nails and fhoes, and guarded by a com-
pany of between 60 and 70 foldiers.
The tort, whfch commands the rptrance
into the harlx>ur, hat fo pieces of can-
non mourned, and 44 others lie dif-
mouoted.
15a. IS.
WiLLIAMSBOROVOH, a poft-tow^^
of N. Carolimst and capital of OranvUlai
CO. plcafanily fttuatcd on a cttek whtch>
falls into the Roanoke. It carries on a
briftc tiade with the back couttics, and
contains between 30 and 40 houfes, a
couit-honfe, gaol, sad flouriftiing aca-
demy. It is 17 miles from Warrcnton.
48 north eaft of HillflK>rough, $6 weft*
north weft of Halifax, and 407 from,
Philadelphia. .
WiLLiAMSBVBo, a CO. of Virginia,
between York aikl James's rivers, and'
was joined in the enumeration of inha-
bitants,^ in 1790, with York CO. 'Thcfe
together contain 51*33 inhabitants.
WILLIAM8BVR0, a townOiip of
MafHichuletts, Hampfliire co. on the
weft fide of Connecticut river, having'
Hatfield on the E. It contains a hand-
lome Congregational church, 159 houlcs,
and 1 ,049 inhabitants. In the year 1 760,
this townfhip was a wildetnels. It liea
7 miles from ConncAicut river, t northr
well of Northampton, and io<t welt of
Bofton.
WiLLiAMSBVRO, a poft-town of
New- York, Ontario co. fituated on tho
£. fu\e of Genneflee river, near where
Canaferago creek empties into that riv-
er } 30 miles fouth-weft of Canandai-
gua, 40 north-weft ot Bath, 98 north-
weft of Athens or Tioga Pomt, and aSS
;N. wefterly of Philadelphia.
WiLLiAMSBVKQ, called alfo yoHeS'
tvwn, a town of Pcnnfylvania, Dauphine
CO. at the juitilion of Little Swatara
with Swatara river. It has a German
iLutlieran and Calvinlft church, and
about 40 dwelling houfes. It is 23
miles N. £. by E. of Harrifb^g, and 89
north-weft of Philadelphia.— Alfo, tho
name of a townfhip in Luzerne county.
WiLLiAMSBVRG, a village of Mary-
land in Talbot county, 5 miles nortn-
eaft of Etfton, and 4 north weft of
King's-Town.
WiLLiAMSBUKG,apoft.town of Vir-
ginia, lies 60 miles eaftwanl of Rich-
mond, fituated between two creeks, one
Msipton county, Pennfylvania.
William's SouhJ^ Prigctf 'on tlv
north-weft coaftof North- Amtrica. Its
£. point is in lat. 60. 19. N. and long.
146. 53. W. and Cape Elizabeth which
is Us w«A pokity 9imI the £. point of
Williams, a townfliip In North- , failing into James, the other into York
riVbT. The diftaiice of each landing-
place is about a mile from the town,
buring the i-egal government it waa
propoled to unite tlielie creek, by a ca-
nal pafTmg through the centre of the
tovKU) but the removal of the feat of
government
IS'
«oo
tant
kl
«en
vun
abo
■too
fsYcninMnt rcnf Ierc4 it no loncer an db*
et of iirpertance. It eontiint ibout
100 houftft tnd hn about 1400 inhabi-
tants. It to regularly laid out in poraU
lei ftreeti, with a pleafant fquare m the
centra of about ten acfci, through which '
■run* the principal ftreet eaft and weft,
about a mile in length, and more than
100 feet wide At the ends of this
Arect ncc two public buildingt, the col-
rkge, and capirol. Xrfides thele, there
ia an Epifeopal church, m prifon, acourt-
lioufe, a magazine, now ocmipied as a^
market, and a hol'pital for lunatics, caU
culated to accommodate betwvrn «o and
')o patients, in li^paraf* rooms or cell*.
The hoiife is neatly kept, and the pa-
tients well attended ( hut convalefcents
have not fufficient room for free air and
exercife without making their efeape.
Not far from the fquare (Food the gnyer-
nor** houfe, or palace, as it was called.
This was burnt during the war, while
it was occupied as an American hol'pital.
Tlte hoiife of the prefident ot the col-
lege, occupied alio as an hofpitid by the
French army, ftiaredthe fame fate. This
has iiiice been r<sbnilt at the expenfe ot
the French grovrmmcnt. In the capitol
is a large marl^le ftatue, of Narbune
Berkley, Lord Botetonrt, a man diitin-
guifhed for his love of piety., literature,
and good government, and formerly
governor of Virginia. It was ere^rd at
the expenl'e of the State, fome time fince
the year 1771. The capitol is little b.t-
tecthan in ruins, and this elegant flatue
is expofed to the nidenef* of negroes
and boys, and is (hamefuUy defaced.
A late a6l of the aflfcmbly authorileii the
ipuliing down one half ot this building,
to defray the charge of keeping the^ bounded eaftward by Wafltington, and
other half in repair. The college of Wil-r weftward by Horthfield, and containa
liam and Mary fixed her«, was funded
in the time of kin^ William and qaeen
Wary, who granted to it so,ooo acrts of
lanii, and a penny a pound <'i.ty on cer-
tain tobaccos exported from Virginia
anil Maryland, which had been levied by
tlie ttatute of 15 Car. i. The aflembly
alio gave it, by temporary law*, a doty
pn liquors irnpTtai, and fkins and furs
exported. ."' •■ thcfc refources it re
ccivcd upwW(';iot 3000I. The build-
ings are of brick, fufficient for an jmlif-
feient accommodation of perhaps lou
itiidents. By its charter it was to be
under the goveininent of 20 vifitors,
iirho w«rc to be its l fg t< fat< j r* » and to
Wit )90
"have a prefident and fix prafeiLrff whp
were incorporated. It waa Imwcd ■
reprefentative in th« general aftmblt.
Vmler Mt tharter, aproftflbrihip of tm
Greek and Latin lasgnagaa. a profcflbr-
fliin of mathematics one of nrara! pbt»
lofophy, and two of dit init)t, wait «-
tabliflied. To theic wtra'annesMl, kt
a fixth DrofeflbrfhJB, a eonfidcn^lt.<l«>
nation tty a Mr. Boyle of Englaadf fbr
the inftruAion of the Indianat and fbatar
converfion to Chrifttanity. Thia wM
called the profeflbrlhip of Brafflirtoif»
from an eftat* of that name in Cnglamtt
purchalcd with the monies given. A
court of admiralty fit* here whenever
a controverfy kiifea. It ia ia milca E.
of York Town, 60 B. of Richmond, 4!
N. W. of Norfolk, and S3t S. 8. W. oC
Philadelphia.
Leaft heat here» 6* o'
iMean heat« 6e t
Created heat, 9! o
N. lat. 37. 16. W. k>ng. 76, 4t«
WiLLfAMSPORT, a poft-town of
Maryland, Walhlngton co. on the N*
fide of Patowmack river, at the mouth
of Conegoclie:igue Creek, S miles S. of
the Pennfylvania line, 6 fouth-wtll of
Hagarftown, 37 N. by E. ofWinchefta^
in Virginia, iS fouth by weft of Cham-
berfburg, in Pennfylvania, and 1 55 W.
byS. cfPStladelphia.
Williamson, a townAiip of New
York, Ontario co. In 1 706, there w«n
141 of its inhabitants eleaort.
WIL^IAMSTowN, a townAiipofVer.
mont. Orange co. on the height of Jand
between Connefticut liver and Lake
Champlain, about 4j miles fiom the
funner, and 50 from the latter. It ia
146 inbabi^anta. Steph^ir* Branch, a.
ftrenm which rpns N. to Onion river^
rife* in thif tnwnlbip.
WiiLiAMarowN, a mountainoua
townihip of MaflhcHufetts, in the north>
weft comer of the State, and in Berk«
fbire CO. containing 1769 inhabitant*,
ft is well watered by Hoolack and Green
rivers, the former of which is here 8
rods wide. On thefe Orearfis are 4
griltvmills, % faw-nlillii, and a fulling-
mill. The main county rqad paflea
through it. Colonel Ephraim WillianM
laid tlie foundation of an academy fe«
veral years fince, and endowed it by a
handfomc donation of had*. In 1 790,
Pp * P»tty
6oo vrih
> ' <
uartly by lottery, and partly hy the li-
beral 'j^ation of gentlemen in the towni
ft bi'iok edifice was ercAed, it feet by
42, and four (lories high, containing 94
i-ooms for Aud^nts, a large fchool-i-oonit
a dining-hall, and a rootn for public
fpeakin^. In ij^i, this e^aiieiny was
ereflcd into a culle^^e, by an a£l of the
legidature, by the name of fTiJIiams'
College, in honour to its liberal foun>
ftcr. The lareuages and fciences uPual-
iy taught in the Amc^'ican collceies are
taught he|-e. Board, tuition, and other
expenfes of education are very low ; and
from its fltuation and other circum-
ftances, it is likely, in a flior 'time, to be-
come an in(litution of great utility and
importance. The hr(l public commenre-
inent was held at this college in Sep-
tember, 1795. In 1796) the legiflature
granted z townfhips ot'land to Williams''
College. Therewere, in 1796, 101 ftu-
dents in the tbm* dafles in this college,
b'efides 30 pupils in the academy con-
■ne6lc^ with the college. A company
was incjrporated the year shove men-
tioned, to bring water in pipes into
the town ftreet. |t is a8 n,iles north of
Lenox, and 150 north- wefterlypfBofton.
Williams'- OWN, a pod-town and
the capita! of Martin co. N. Caiolina,
is'fituated on Roanoke riyrer^ and con-
tains but few houfes, befides the court-
houle and gaol. It is 25 miles from
Blountrville,>4 from Plymouth, 55 from
Halifax, t.A(\ 444 from Philadelphia.
WiLLiMANTic, a fmail river of
Connc£licut, which runs a fouth-eaft
courfe, and uniting with Uatcluug riv-
er, forms the Shetucket at Windham.
WiLLiNBOROUGH, a townlhip of
]^ev -Jerfey, fituated in Burlington co.
on Delaware river, about 14 miles from
Philadelphia. It has generally a thin
'Toil, but coniiderable quantities of fiiiits
and vegetablt's are ra'u'cd hr^ for the
Philadelphia market.
WiLLiNpTON, a townlhip of Ccn-
nef^icut, in Tolland co. 6 miles eall of
Tolland, anc' 35 north-cafterly of Hart-
ford, and wus fettleil in 1719. The
lands arc rcigh :;»nd hilly. The earth-
quake on fabbath evening, Oci. 29,
1727, was (everely ie!t in this town.
Willis, a townfliip in Chefter co.
Pennfylvania.
Willis d-cck. In Maryland, falls
into tlie Patowmack from tUc north at
F9it Cumberland, ,
WIL
Willis (/lanJ, in the S. Atlantic
Ocean, is near the north-weft end of
South Georgia, and has Bird Iflanti
to the north of it. $. lat. 54. W. long.
38. 30.
WiLLiSTOti, a townfliip of Vermpnti^
in Chittenden co. joii.s Burlington 00
the north-weft. It contaii;>s 471 inha-
bitants.
^ViLVOUOHBY Bay, near the fputh-
ii-u part of the ifland of Antigun, in
the Wcft.In^iies. It is well fortified.
Bridgetown lies on its north-caftein fide*
in G: . Philips' pnrifli, and is defended
by Fort William.
WiLhovcH-av Lake, in Vermont, iii
the townfliip of Wtftmoie. It is about
6 miles long and one broad, and fends «
ftream which runs northward and emp-
ties into Lake Memphremagog, in the
townOiip of Salem. This lake furnillies
fifli relembling bafs, of an excellent
flavour, weighing from ten to thirty
pounds. Pepple travel twenty miles tq
this lake to procure a yvinter's ftock of
this fifti.
Wi LLSBQROUOH, a iiew fettled town^
fiiip in Clinton co. New York ; bounds
ed on the fouth by the town of Crown«
Point, on the north by the fcuth line o(
a patent, which includes the river Ai^
Sable at its mouth, continuing weftwan^
to that part of the county of Montgo-
mery, now called Herkemer county. It
contained 375 inhabitants in i7vo* IiX
1796, there were 160 of the inhabitants,
electors. It is a fine champaign, fer-
tile country, inhabited by a number of
induftriour, thriving farmers. Its culti-
vation has been rapidly advancing. Ii\
this town is a remarkable Split Rock*
which is a fmall point of a mountain
projefling about 50 yards into the neigh>-
bouring lake. This disjointed point hasj,
from the appearance of the oppofite.
fides, and tlieir exa£l fitnefs for eaclx
other, doubtlefs been rent from the maii\
reck, by fome violent fliock of nature.
It is removed about 20 feet, and has oOi
its point, a fuiface of nearly half an
acre, which has iufiiciency of foil, and
is covered with wood. The height of
the rock pn each fide of the fiflure is
about 1 2 feet. The river Boquet runs
through this town a confiderable dif-
tance, and is navigable for boats 2 miles,
where there are talis and mills. This
town was oartly fettled before the year
X775* It comwand^ a beautiful view of
the
t end of
d Ifland
W-Jong.
Wl L
.Hie lake, »nd lit. 114 tnilei north of
|Mew-\'orlc city.
VfLLs Coi;^, on the porth-eaft fide
of the ifthimisof the ifland of St. Kitta,
in the We(t-Iiidtes, to the eaiiward
ibutherly iron) North Friar and Little
Friar Bays.
Wills Creek, or Caicu^ucn, a branch
of Putowmack river, is 30 or 40 yards
yrkk at its mouth, where Fort Cumber-
land ftood. It atfords no navigation as
Jet, and runs a (hort courfe foutlterly.
t is a8i miles nortluweft oi Wiliiamf-
burg, 1 7 1 from Fredericksburg, and 173
£• by N. of Alexandria.
Wills-Town, an Indian village on
the N. E bank oi' Mulkingym river,
45 miles from its mouth,and ii7roiith-
iwefterly from fittlburg, U/ the Indian
path tiu'ough thj: Indian town.
WiLM ANTON, in the State of New-
York, ibnds on Wallkill, between
Newimrg and New-Brunfwick.
Wilmington, one of the eaftern
fnaritime diltri6ls of North Carolina ;
bounded north-eaft byNewberndiftrift,"
foutheaft by the Atlantic Ocean ;
fouth-weft by South Carolina ; and
|)orth-welt by Fayetie. It com^irehends
the counties of Brunfwick, New-Haiic>
V«r, Onflow, Duplin, and Bladen. It
f:om ' 16,03$ inhabitanta; of whom
10,050 are flaves.
Wilmington, a port of entry and
poft-town of N. Carohna, capital of the
above dii|ri6l, is fituated on thceaft fide
pf the eaftcrn branch of Cape Fear or
([Clarendon river } 34. miles from the Tea,
and 100 ibuthward of Newbem. The
fourfe of the river, as it paflfes by the
(own, !!£ nearly from nqith to fouth,and
the breadth 150 yards. OppoHte the
town are two itiands extending with the
courfe of the river, and dividing it into
three channels: they aflff/rd the fineft
rice fields in N Carolira. The town
is regularly built, and contains about
a$o houfes, a handfomc £pifcopal
church, a court-hoMfe, and gaol. Hav-
ing fufFcretl much by two fires, one-
fourth of the town, which has been re-
huilr, is of brick. Its markets are well
fupplied with fifh, a^nd all manner of
provifions. A confiderable trade ia car-
ried on to the Weft-India Iflands and the
£^djacci.: States. The exports for one
year, ending the 30th of Sept. 1 794,
amounted to 133,53 ^, dollars. Thole
91' all the other pt^rt* of the State,
W IL «ot
•mounted onl^ to 177,598 dollars. It
is 90 miles louth-eiiit of Fayetteville*
I9» foiith«fo(ith-we{l of Edehton, 19!
north-ealt of Charlefton, -S. Caroling
and 6po fouth-ibuth-wift of Philadel-
phia. N. tat. -34. II. VV.long 78. 4 J.
WtLMiNQTON, a townfliip of Ver-
mont, in Windham co. conraning 6+§
inhabitants, who are chiefly weulthy^
farmers. It lies on Deerfleld river, on
the call fide of the Green Mountain, 011
the high-road from Bennington to Brat-
tleboruugh, abovt so mile* trom each.
Confiderable quantities of maple fugar
are made in it } fome farmers make
1000 or 1400 pounds a feafon. The
Hay.flack, in the north-welt f:orner of
this townfliip, is among the highell of
the range of the Green Mountains. It
has a pond near the top of it, about half
a mile in length, round which deer an4
moofe are found.
Wilmington, a townfliip of MaC
fachufetts, in Middlefex co. 16 milee
from Bolton. It was incorporated in
1730, and contains 710 inhabitants.
Hops, in great quantities, are railed 19
this town.
Wilmington, a port of entry and
pofl-town of the State o^ Delaware, and
the moft confiderable town in the State,
It Hands in Newcaflle co. on the north
fideof ChrilHana Creek, between Chrif-
tiana and Brandywine creeks, which at
this place are about a mile tiillant
from each other, but uniting below the
town, they join the Delaware in one
flfsam, 400 yards wide at the mouth.
Tho fcite of the principal part of the
town Is on the Ibuth-weft fide of a hill,
which riles 109 feet above the tide, *
miles from Delaware river, and 38 fouth-
wefl from Philadelphia. On the noith-
e^lt fide of the fame hill, on the Bran-
dywine, there an 1 3 mills for grain, and
about 40 neat dwclling-houfcs, whicli
form a beautiful appeniiageto the town.
The Chriltiana admits veflisis of 14 feet
draught of water to the town ; and
thofe of 6 feet draught, 8 miles further,
where the navigation ends ; and the
Brandywine admits thofe of 7 feet
draught to the mills. The town is re-
gularly laid out in fquarcs fimilar to
Philaclelphia, and contains upwards of
600 houles, moftly of brick, and 3,000
inhabitants. It has 6 places of public
worlhip, viz. two for Prcfliy terian i, one
ibr Swedifli £pili:opaUaiis, one for
Fricadi,
«0»
WIN
Friend$i tm fsr Baptifta» and one far
Mithailifta. Here are two market-
boufMiuR poor-houle, which (lands on
the weflT ml^ of the town« and it tic
ftct by 4.61 (wilt of floae> and 3 ftories
]irgh» ^or the reception oi the paupers
of Newcaltie eo. There is another
Acne building which was iif«d as an
acadensvj iind was Aipportcd for feme
time with confickrable reputation^ but
by a defeft in the conftituUon of the
icminary, or Ihme other catii'e, it has,
«f late* been entiiely negleiled as a place
(bf tuition. There are* however, near-
ly 300 children in the different fchools
an town. About the vcar 1 7 ]<, the firft
houfies were built at this place} and the
town was incorporated a few years afttT<-
wards. Its officers arc two burgeflrs,
4 afliftants, and two conAablrs, all of
whom are annually chofen. For other
particulars, ler Dtbttuart, N. lat. 39.
43, 18. W.Iong. 75« 31.
WilMOT, a townfhip of Nova Sco-
tia, Annapolis co. ietled from Ireland
«nd New-England.
WiLSONViLLE, a town of Pennfyl
vaiiia, newiy Iftid out on the Walenpa-
peck, at its jun£lion with the Lexa-
waclein. lao miles north of Philadel-
uhia. Here are already ere£ted 14.
Boufes, afaw ami grift nnill, and a large
building ii^ manufacturing iail- cloth.
Tbe cretk, here falls upwards of 300
fe^t, fome fay 500, in the fpace of a
B)ii«) tor 17 miles above the fails the
creek has a gentle current.
Wilton, a village of Charleflon
difirid, S. Carolina } fituated on the £.
fide of Edilto river, 17 miles (buth- well
of Charletton.
Wilton, atownfhipofNew-Hamp
fliire, HilKborough co. S. V«'. of Am-
bcrd, adjoining, about 70 mile& wiOtr-
)y of Porttmouth. It was incui porated
in 1762, and contains 1 105 inhaoirsnts.
WiMACOMACK, a village of New-
York, in Suffolk CO. Long-Ifland } 6
miles wrft by Ibuth of Smiihtown, and
north- eft of Huntingdon, and 44 eall
.by. north of New- York city.
WiNCHELSEA, an ifland in the S.
Pacific Ocean which npptars like three
iilands. It is about 30 miles S. by £.
qf Sir Charles Hardy's Jflund.
WiNCHENDON, a poft-town of Maf-
fachuietts, in V/orce(ter co. 7 milts N
of Gardner, 35 north-wefterly of Wor-
<eflci, 60 notih-w^ by welt of Bofion,
WIN
and 370 nerth-eaft of PhlladelnlifAb
This townfhip was forn^trly callea Iff-
noicb' Canada, until it was incorporttcd
in ijC^. It is on Miller's river, and
contains 950 inhabitants. This place
was vifited by a dreadful tornado, on
the ailf of 0£lo1)er, 87951 which did
confiderable damage.
WiN-cNtSTBR, a townfhip of Con-
neAicut, in Litchfield co. about is or
1 5 miles north pf Litchfield.
WiNCHESTSU, a townlhipof New-
Hamplhire, inChcfhire co. call of Hinfl
dale and Fort Dummer, adjoining. It
is no miles from Portlnnouth, and con-
tains i«09 inhabitants.
WiNCHEStER, the chief town ol
Clarke county, Kentucky.
WiNCHESTER, or Fftdtrukttwiit a
poft-town of Virginia, and the capital
of Frederick co. It is fituated near
the head of Opeckon Creek, which
empties into Patowmack tivti'i about
3* miles from the celebrated pall&ge of
the Patowmack through the Blue Ridge^
It is a handibmefkninflilMg town, land-
ing upon luw and broken ground, and
has a number of refpe<^lnb)e Iniildingsi
among which are a court houfc, gaol, a
Prtibyterian, an£piico}>alinn, a Metho-
diff,and a new Roman Catholic church.
The (Iwelling-houfes are about 350 ia
number, fcveral of which are built of
tlone. It is a corporation, and contains
nearly 2,oqo inhabitants. It was for.*
merly f rtified } but the works are now
in ruins. It is 50 miles E. by S. of
Romney, 100 N. £. by N. of Staunton,
1 10 welf-norihwelf of Alexandria, 180
north-wttf of Richmond, and 19s frona
Philaiielphia. N. lat. 3^. 17. 30. W.
long. 78. 39.
WiND Gap, a pafs in the Blue Motin-
tainsin Pennly.vania; about 9 miles S.
\V. of Pcnn's Fort. Although 100 feet
higher than the prefent lied of the De-
laware, it is thought to have been f r-
meriy part of the bed of that river. The
Wind 'ivap is a mile broad, and the
(fones c:i it inch as ftem to have beea
wafhed for ages by water running over
them.
Windham, a county In the fo^ith-
eaft corner of Vermont} having the
State of Maflfachufetls Imith, and Con-
nt^^iciit river ea(f, which divides it from
New Hampfliire. It contains si town -
Ihips, and i7;6<)3 inhabitants. Chief
cownsi Newfane and Putney.
• Windham^
f«ft
^tate
State
of
It
hou
iuk)
mil<
Wi
rst«cl
and
piMe
» on
did
linA
It
^011.
WIN
WfiiOHAMf • ^unty In the north-
f aft corner of CcinncAicut, having the
$tate of Mafl'achiiffittt north, and the
State of Rhode-Iiland ea(|> It contains
13 towi^iips,and 18,9:^* Inhabitants,
including 184. flayes. Chief town,
Windham.
Windham, the capital of the above
county, and a poft-town, is fituated on
^hetuciiet river, i a miles north by weft
of Norwich, and^i eaft of Hartford.
|t contains oetwecn 60 and 70 compact
houfesyacourt-hoiile, gaoi, an academy,
and a Congregational church. It is 25 3
miles froni Philadelphia. The river
Willimantick fruip the north-weft, and
Natchaug from tlie north, meet in the
north-well erly part of the townftiip, and
form the ^hetucket, a pleafant river, af-
fording plenty of (Uh, particularly fal-
nion, at fome feafbns ot the year. The
fownfliip was fettled from Norwich, in
16S6, and was incorporated in 170a.
WlKDUAM, a townfliip of New-
HampOiire, Rockingham co. is about
•5 miles Ibuth-weli of Exeter, and 40
from Poitfmouth. It contains 663 in-
habitants.
Windham, a townfhipof the Dif-
tri6l of Maine, Cumberland county 134
miles north of Bofton. It was incor-
E orated in i76z,iand contains 938 in-
abitants.
Windsor, a townfhip of Nova-
Scotia, in Hants co. near the river St.
Croix, which empties into the Avon.
The rivers Kenetcoot and Cocmiguen
(fo called hy the Indians) nin through
this townfliip and empty into the Avon.
On thefe rivers are flouriftiing little-
ments end fertile land. Lime-ftone and
(daifter of Paris are found here. The
ake Potawock (fo called by the Indians)
lies between the head, of St. Margaret's
Bay and the main road from Halifax to
Windlor ; the great lake of Shubenac-
cadie lies on the eaft fide of this road,
, about 7 miles from it, and 11 from Ha-
lifax.
Windsor, a coimty of Vermont,
bounded north by Orange, ibuth by
Windham, eaft by ConneAicut river,
and weft by Rutland and part of Addi-
fon CO. It contains ti town'hips, and
15,748 inhabitants.
Windsor, a poft-town <^ Vermont,
and capital of tiie above co. is fituated
on the weft bank of Conneflicut river,
1 8 miles north by weft of Charkfton,
y
VflS
««t
in New Hampfhire, 45 E. by S. of ]tttt»
land, 80 miles N. E. of Benni«gtoB»
and »S5 from Philadelphia. The town*
ftiipcbntains i4)a inhabitants, rhit.
with Rutland, is alternately the tem <^
the State iegiflature.
WiNDiOR, a hilly townfb.ip of MaTw
fachul'etts, in Berkmire cj. oo m\^e^
north -north- weft of Leaox, and 136
weft by north of 8ofto/i, Tlie countv
road to Northampton paflTeti through
it, alfo the road from P^.itsiickl to
Deerfield. It gives rife to Houlalonick
I and Weftfield river?, on which are fonr
faw-mills and two corn-mills. It waa
incorporated in 1771, and contains 916
inhabitants. In the gore, adjoining
Adams and Wiudibr, are 4x5 inhabi-
tants.
Windsor, a confiderable and very
pleafant town of Hartford co. Connee*
ticut, on the weft fide of Connecticut
river, about 7 miles northerly of Hart-
ford. Here Windfor Ferry river, form-
ed by the junction of Farmington and
Poquabock rivers, empties into the
Connecticut from the weft. Windliur
Ferry river divides tlie townfhip into
the upper and lower parifties.
Windsor, Eaft. See Eaft Windftir.
Windsor, a townfhip of N«w-Jer.
fey, Middleitx co. containing a,83l
inhabitants, including 190 flavea.
Windsor, a towtifltip of Pcnnfyi-
vania, in York county.
Windsor, a poft-town and the ca*.
pital of Bertie CO. N. Carolina ; fituated
on Cuftiai river, and contains, befidea
a few houles, a court-hnu/c and gaol.
It is 23 miles weft by iuiith of Edenton,
18 from Plymouth, 97 from Halifax,
and 481 from Piiilndtlphia.
Windward Pajfage, a name given
to a com fc from the S. E. part of th«
illand of Jamaica, in the Weft-Indies,
and exteniiingfor 160 leagues to the N*
fiUe ot Crooked Ifland in the Bahamas.
Ships have often failed through this
channel from the north part of it to the
ifland of Cuba, or the Gulf of Mexico*
notwithUanding the common opinic .
on account of the current, which i«
againft it j that they keep the Bahama
fhoi-e on board, and that they meet the
wind m fummer for the nioft part of the
channel eafterly, which, with a counter
current on fhore, pufties them eafily
through it.
Windward Point , near the eaftcm
extremity
«H WIN
•xtiwnHy of the Uland of St. Chrifto-
Jhcr*a, it the caft point of Sandy Hill
lay i about « miles to the we(l-nortli<
<weft of St. Anthony*! Hill Point.
WiNKB, or Blaci Rwtrt in S. Caro.
itiia» rilei in Camden diftriA, and nin-
vUnff foQth-cafterJy through Chei-aws in-
to Ueorgetown diftri£l, unites with Pe-
<dcc riverj about 3 mileti above <aeorge-
town.
WiNMALL, a townfliip of Vermont,
in Bennington co. about 25 or 30 miles
jN> R. of ficnningtun. Itcoiuains 155
inhabitants.
WiNNtPiSEOGEE, a take in Kew-
Han>pfliire, and the largeil collvclion of
water in the State. It is ^t miles in
kngth-frpm S. E. toN. W. and of very
tmeqiial breadth, but no where more
than 8 miles. Some very long necks
of land projeA in(o it ; and it contains
ieveral inlands, large nnd iinall, l. i on
which rattie-fnakes are common. It
abounds with fifh from 6 to to pounds
weight. The mountains which furround
at, give rife to many ftreanis which flow
into it ; and between it and the moun-
tains, are feveral t^flcr ponds, which
communicate with it. Contiguous to
Ihit bke are the townfliips of Moulton-
IwrouG^h on the N. W. Tuftonborough
and Wolf borough onthe N. E. Mere-
dith and Gilmantown on theS. W. and
a traA of laad, called the Gore, on the
S. E. From the 8. E. extremity of this
Jake> called Merry Meeting Bay, to the '
north-weft part called Senter Harbour,
ihcrc is good navigation in the fummer,
and generally a good road in the winter)
the lake is frosen about 3 months in the
^ear, and many (leighs and teams, from
the circumjacent towns, crofs it on the
ice. See Jfutdotbton. Winnipifeogee
river conveys the waters of the lake into
Pemigewa^et river, through its eaftern
bank at NewChdler,
WiNLAND^ a country accidentally
fiifcovered by Biron or Biorn, a Nor-
man, in looi ) fuppofed to be a part of
the ifland of Newfbundlami. It was
again vilited, and an intercourfe opened
tietween it and Greenland. In izzi,
Eric, bifliop of Greenland, went to
Winbnd to recover and convert his
countrymen, who had degenerated into
favages. This prelate never return-
ed to Greenland ; nor was any thing
more heard of Winlatul foi* iieveral cen-
turies*
WIN
WiHLOCK, or Wenhckt 1 townihip
of Vermont, in EflTex countyf wcR of
Minehead.
WiNNBBAOO, a litkeof thiN. W.
Territory ) weft of Michigan Lake,
and routh-wcft of Bay Paah, intowhich
it lendii its waters. It is about 15
miles long fram eaft to weft, and 6
wiile. It receives a large ftream from
the foiith-weft a^WtA Crocodile river.
Fqk river enters it from the weft, and
by it, through Ouitconfmg river, hat
communication with Miflifippi river, in-
terrupted by a portage of only s miles.
The centre of the lake lies in lat. about
43. 30. N. nr.vl long. 88. 10. W. See
Ouif:on/ing and Fox Rii>ers,
WiNNEBAQOKS, an Indian nation
inhabiting round the lake of the fame
name, ^who can furnifli a or 300 war-
riors. Their town ftands on an illand
at the £. end of the lake, of about 50
acres extent, and dillant ft'om Bay
Puan 35 miles, according to the courie
of the river. The town contains about
50 houCcs, which are ftrongly built witl»
pallifades. The land adjacent to the
lake is very fertile, abounding fponta*
neoufly wit ,1 grapes, plums, and other
frutt. The people raife a great quan«.
tity of Indian corn, beans, pumpkims,
Iquaflies, melons, and tobacco. Th«
lake abounds with fifli, and in the au-
tumn or fall, with geele, ducks, and
teal } and are very fat and well flavoreil
by feeding on wild rice, which grows
plentifully in thefe parts. Mr. Carver
thinks fron. the relult of his inquiries
of the origin, Unguage, and cuftoms of
this peop£, thf t they originallv refided
in fome of the provinces C( Mexico,
and migrated tu this country ab>)ut a
centui7 ago. Their language is differ-
ent from any other yet dilcovered } and
they converfe with other nations ir, the
Chippeway tongue.
WiiiNiPEG, or Wmntpetk, a lake in
Upper Canada, north-weft of Lake Su-
perior. It lies between 50. 30. and 54,
3s. N. lat. and between 95. jo,and 99.
30. W. long. It is II 7 miles long, in-
cluding Ba/kelcoggan or Play.Green
Lake, its northern arm; and is ic»
miles broad from the Canadian Houfe
on the E. fide to Sable river on the weft
fide. It receives the waters of a num-
ber of fmall lakes in every direflion,
and exhibits a number of fmall ifles«
The lands en its banks are laid, by Car^
VW1
tile,
rice^i
The
wef
«ati4
whiJ
WiJ
Iti(
DaJ
«n tl
this!
46.
i.
w.
Lnkc»
which
ind 6
from
iver.
and
Jiai
r«in-
nilet,
bout
See
WIN
ttr aftd othiir travellers, to be ♦cry ftr-
tile» prodivcing vaft quantities of wild
rice« and the lugar-tree in great plenty.
The climate i» confrderably more tem-
perate here than it is upon the Atlantic
coaft, to" faither fouthwardi»
WiNNii'EG, Little, a lake which lies
weft of the formei'i and has communi-
catioR' with Lake Mimtoba» on the S.
which laft lends the waters of botii into
Winnipeg Lake, in an E< U. E.courfe.
It is So miles long and 1 5 broad* Fort
Dauphin i» featedon a Jake contiguous,
on the weft, whofe waters empty into
this lake. Dauphin Fort lies in lat. 51.
46. N. and long. too. 54. \V«
Winnipeg River, runs north- weft
into the lake of its name. It is the out-
let of the waters of a vaft chain of lakes;
the chief of which are La Plue and Lake
of the Woods. The lat. of the Provi-
iion Store, at the bottom of tlu; river, i»
50. 33. 12. N.
WiNNSBOROUG», a pofttown, and
the cajiital of Fairfield co. S. Carolina;
fituated on a branch •f Wateree Creek,
which emptiea into the river of that
name. Hcire are about 15 houfes, a
liandlbme coi«rt-houfe, a gaol, and a
college caUed Mount Zion college,
which is iiippotted by a refpe^able fo-
ciety of gentlemen, and has been long
incorporated. The inftitution flon-
riHies, and bids fair for ulefulnefs. It
is 30 miles noith- north-weft of Colum-
bia, 1 30 from Cbarlefton, and 708 from
Philadelphia.
Win SLOW, a poft-town of the Dif-
tfiSi of Maine, Lincoln co. iltuated on
Kennebeck i.ver; 18 miles north of
Harrington. Fort Halifax was built at
this place in 1 7 54, on the point of land
at the confluence of Sebafticook and
Kennebeck rivers. This town is 88
tnilcs N. by E. of Portland, iii in a like
dire<$tion from Bofton, and 559 from
Philadelphia. It was incorporated in
1771, and contained, in 1790., 779 in-
habitants, and in 1797, abou': 1500.
WiNTHRHAM, a place in /imelia co.
Virginia. Black lead is foimd here;
but no works for its rrianufadure are
cftabliftied : thoie who want it go and
procure it for themfelves.
WiNTHROP, a poft-town of the
Diftri£l of Maine, Lincoln county, be-
tween Androfcoggin and Kennebeck
rivers, about 10 mile: from each; 5
rjU«8 ciUt«rly ef Moiun«utb| 19 weft
by fouth of Hallowclf now HarringtoM
court.houfe. 57 north of Portifltul, 1 ig
from Bofton, and fat from Philadel-
phia. The townfliip in which it ftand*
was ineorporatwl in tjjt, and ccKain*
1x40 inhabitants.
WiNTHKQP's Baft on the nortli
coaft of the illand of Antigua* Maiden
Iftand, a fmall lAe fouth-louth-weft «f
long Ifland is due eaft of the li>uth*ealr
point of this Bay.
WiNTON, a county of Orangeburg
diftri6t, S. Carolina*
Win TON, a poft-town of North.Ca*
rolina, and capital of Hartford co. oM
the S. E. fide of Chowan river, a few
miles below the place where Meherriti
and Nottaw--' join their waters. It
has a court- houi'e and gaol, and a (<¥»
compafl houfes. It is is mile* fniM
Murfreeftioroughy 1 5 from the Bridge
on Bennet's Creek, 1 30 S. S. E. of Pe-
terftiurg, in Virginia, and 434 front
Philadelphia.
Win YAW Bay, on the coaft of &.
Carolina, communicates with the ocean
I a miles below Georgetown. See
GforgetoivH, and P/dee riifer.
WiscASSET, a port of entry and
poft-town of t\it Diftri£l of Maine,
Lincoln co. on the weft fide of Sheepf-
cut river, 10 miles S. E. of New-Mil-
forJ on the £./ide of Kennebeck river*
13 north-weft of Bath, 56 north-weft
of Portland, 178 N. E. by N. of Bof-
^5>n» 5^5 from Philadelphia, and i5i{
from Sunbury in Georgia. It is a pare
of the townfhip of Pownalborough,
and is very flourifhing. It contains a
congregational church, ^.nd about tz»
houfes. Its navigation is greater ia
Proportion to ics lize and number of ia«
abitants than any p»rt of Maflachu-
fetts. A gazette is publiftied here, and
the county courts are held in it. Wil-
calfct Point is 3 leagues from Crofa
river. The exports for one year, end-
ing the 30th of Sept. 1794, amounted
to 2'?, 3*9 dollars.
WiTCHARN Bay, is within the great
found in the Bermudas lilands, in tfac
Weft-Indies ; fituated at the £. part of
the bottom or fbuth part of the Sound*
having tvyo fmall iOands at tlie moutk
of it.
WoAHOO, onVof the Sandwich Ides,
in the North Pacific Ocean, 7 ieaguc*
north -weft of Morotoi lAand* It ia
high landi «i>d cQiuaini 60,000 iuhabi«i
taaUi
/^r
■#
m
606 vr 00
t«ntt I and h«t sood anchoring ground,
Snlat. as.4]. N. andloni;. 157. jf<W.
WOAVANACHKY, the name of the
BdawaK nation, in'^helr lanituHM.
WOBtfRN, a to^vnfltip of Mairiehu.
ftttt, in MicMlefex co. 10 nulei north
•f Boftott. It was incorporated in 16^2
l>y the name 9f ff^tabomtt and wai till
then known by the name of CbarUf-
IftiM FiOage, It containa ijzj inhn
bitanttt.
WOLCOTT, a townlhip of Vermont,
in Orltiini co* fouth of Craftlbir-y, con-
taininsc 3s inhabitants. La Moille river
runs N. weiVwaitl throngh it.
Wolf, a fmall boarable river of
TemieflVe, which runs wefterly into
Mifliltpni river, about 10 niiles lotith
«f Hitrchy river, and 55 trom Reelf'^jor.
It is 50 yards wide leveral miles from
Its mouth, which is very near the fouth>
weft corner of the Stattj in lat. 35.
WoLPBOROUCH, atownftiipofNew
Bampfhire, Strafford co. on the E. fide
«f Winnipifiogee Lake, and contains
447 inhabitants. It contains fome fine
mrms, and particularly that which
fermerly belonged to Governor Wt-nt-
worth.
Wolves Ijlamis lie near Campo
Bella IHand, on the enffcrnmoft couli:
<tf the Diftii£l of Maintr. Bttwetn thefe
the ibundings are from 50 to 100 fa-
thoms. N. lat. 44. 48. W. long. 66.
40. From Grand Mannan Klur.f to
Wolves Illinds, the courie is N. £. by
M. 1 leagues.
WoMBLDORP, a pofttownof Penn-
lyivania, in Beiks co. fitnatri on the
weft fide of a imull ftrenm which falls
into Tulpt-hocken Creek. I( contains
•bout 4.0 houle!!, and n Gcrmnn Lii
theran and Caivinift church. It i» 68
miles north-well uf Philadelphia.
Wo A PO, one of the Ingrah^im Iflamis,
lefs in lize than Chiiftiana. The body
of it lies in l»t. 9. 37. S. U bears
north-weft by wt-ft, about »o leagues
from Rcrulutiou B '-. It was cjHcd'
Aifamsf by Capt. Ingraham; and a
Imall idanil to the loutltward of it he
calleii Lincoln, (^4pr. Kubeits after-
wards diicoveret) thcin, ami named tlicm
Jinom his (hip and Icooner \ the larger
y^erfoH, and the lefler Hefolution.
WooDBRlDGE, a poft town of Nt^w-
Jferfey, Middle(ex co. o;: the great road
Irom New- York to Philadelphia, on a
wUfcb fall* iuto Arthur Kuil,
Woo
above Amboy. It is about ) iiiit«a F^»
by weft of Amboy, 10 ftrath^wcfterly
of Eiixabetb'Towni and 7« N. £. of
PniladelphiB. The townftiip contains
3,^i;o innabitanta, including t^i (laves.
WooDBBiDCB, a townftiip of Con.
neilicut, New-HaVcn co* about 7 milei
north.weft of New-Haven city.
WoODBtrRY, a townfttip of Ver-
mont, in Caledonia co. < f or to mika
weft north-weft of Barnet.
WobDBVRY, a poi^.towr of New.
.Teriey, and capital of Olouceftcr co,
Htuated near a imall ftream, which emp*
tics into the Delaware below Red Bank.
It contains about 80 haures,a handibmc
brick court.houCe, a Quaker meetinn;-
houfe, and an academy. Several of the
houfes are neat and hnndfome. It is 9
miles fouth of Philadelphia, and 11
noith-eaft of Swedeftiiug. Alfo, the
name of a townftiip ot Pennlylvania, in
Huntingdon co.
WoODB VR T, a townfhip of Connec-
licut, in Litchfield co. 8 miles fouth t*f
Litchfield. It wns fettled in 167s.
Wood Crttk, afluggifti ftream which
rifes in the high lamls, a little eaft of
Fort Edwant, un Hudlbn'v river | and
after running 25 miles, falls into the
head of Lake Champlain at Skenelbo.
rough. It has a fall at its mouth, other-
wile it is navigable for batteaux for ao
miles ivp to Fort Anne.
Wood Creek runs weftward, and
empties into Lake Oneida. See Onridttt
Onondago, and Mohawk River.
WooDPORD, a county of Kentucky,
on Ohio river, between Kentucky and
Lickiiig rivers. Chief towif, Vtrlailles.
Woodford, a townftiip of Vermont,
eaft of Bennington, adjoining. It con-
tains 60 inhabitants.
Wood JJIand, on the fea-coaft of
tlie Diftrijl of Maine, 5 leagues north.
eaft of Cape Porpoili;, and fouth-weft
by* fouth four leagues of Richman*s
Itlaiid.
Woods, Lake (ff the, the moft north,
em in the Unitcil States, is ib called
from the large quantities of wood grow-
ing on its banks } fuch as oak, pine, ftr»
(pruce, &c. This lake lies nearly eaft
of the Ibuth end of Winnipeg Lake, Knd
is fuppofed to be i\\t iburce or conduAor
uf one branch of Bourbon river. Its
length fioin eaft to wtft is iaid to ba
about 70 miles ; and itt fome places ic
ia 40 aulca wiiU* Ocber accounfa (kv
«inoe
fiftifl
nicat
Boui
Ill
woo
if U %i league* in length. The Klllifv
tinoe liuliann cncamo on hi border* to
ftOi and hunt. Thii lake ii the roinniU'
nkation between the lake* Winuip^v.
Bourbon, and Lake Superior.
Woodstock, one ot the. principal
town* oi' WitKlibr o>. Vermont. It hai
m couit-houiiB and about 50 dwdltng-
houfee. It lies noith-weft ot Wiodfor,
adjoining, and contains tt6o5 inhabi-
tants. Wateixiuechtc river paflcs through
«he centre of the town* on the banks of
which (land the meeting houfe and
ouurt-houre.
Woodstock, a townfhip of New-
York, in Uiiier co. hounded eafterly by
Kingdon, Hurley and Marbktov/n, and
wefterly by Delaware river. It contains
i,oas inhabitants, including 15 Aaves.
In 1796, according ^o the State cenfus,
x6o of th: inhabiunt» were qualified
«lr6lurs.
Woodstock, a fmall town of N.
Caiolina, on the £. Ade of Pampiico
river.
Woodstock, a confiderable and
fleal'ant town(hi)> of good land, in the
I. E. corner ot Conne£)ucut,Windham
CO. divided into 3 pariflies. This town-
fliip, which is^7 miles Iqiiare, was grant-
ed oy the general court of Mali'aehufetts,
ytb Nov. i683„ and was fettled by §9
femilies. from Roxbury in 1688. This
town remained under the jurildiftion of
Mafliichufetts till about the year 1760,
^ce which time it has been confidered
as belonging to Coniic6ticut. It is 66
' mile* S. W. of Bofton, 45 N. E. oi
Hartford, a* S. W. of Worcelter, 33
K, W. of Providence, and about the
, feme dillance N. of Norwidi.
Woodstock, a poft-town of Vir-
ginia, liiat of juliice and capital in She-
nandoah CO.. It contains between 60
and 70 houies, a courc-houlc and gaol.
The inhabitant* are raoftly Germans
and their defcendants. It is iz miles
kr^vn Scra(hurg, 40 from Rockingham,
eourt-houfe, and tzz from PhiladeU
^tia.
Woodbtown, apoft-town of Ncw-
Xei'fey, SaUm co. and comtalus about
4jO or 50 houies. It is ix miles N.
byE. of Sulem, 31 north by weft of
Bridgetown, and &6 S. S. W. of Phi-
Igdelphia.
WoouY FmV) one of the limits of
Hope Bay, on tlie north weft coaft of
Nfltdb-^jnerica^ as Breaker's i> the
It is in about lat. 501
N. and'
other.
long;. i«8. weft.
W OOL wiCH, a townlhip of aio«cc&
ter CO. New-Jcriey.
'yoQCWiCN, » townfliip of Lineeli»
CO. Ldria of Maine, on the E. fide of
Kennehck river^S. of Pownalborougkr
contairffn^ ''97 inhabitantt.
WooNsoKBT PaUii on Blueftoiw
river, iii Sm^thfiekl townHiipt Rhode-
Ifland.
Worcester, a Urge and populou*
county ol Maflhchufetti. It containn 50
townmips, {3 Congregational churches^
5 1 o,a 36' acres of unimproved land, and
107,430 under cultivation, and 56,807'
inhabitants. It is about 50 miles in
length, from north to foutli, and aboue
40 in. breadth { bounded fou'.h almoft
equally bv the States of Conncfticut anct
Rhode la.nd, and north by the State of
l^ew-Hampihiie. On the eaft it i»
bounded chiefly by Middleliex co. anci
weft by Hampfhire co.
Worcester, apoft-town ofMafla-
chuletts, and capital of the above coun*
ty. It is the-largeft kilanil town of New.
England, and is fituated about ^5 milc»
weft of Bofton, 5* north eaft of Spring-
field, and 299 north-eaft of PhiladeU
phia. The public buildings in thiv
town are two Congregational churches>
a court houfe, and a ftrong Rone gaoU
The inhabitants, upwards of »,ooo in
number, have a large inland trade, and
inaiuifaftiue pot and pearl a(h» cotton
and linen goods, befidcs fome other ar-
ticles* The compa£l part of the towiv
contains about 150 neat houfes, fituated
in % healthy vale, principally on en*
fti-eet. Printing, in its various branches,
is, carried on very cxtenfively in thi»
town, by Kaiah Thomat, Efq. who .n.
tile year 1791, printed two edition* o£
tlie Bible, the one ;hc larg-e royal quar-
to, the iirft ot that kind publiOied in
America j the other a large folio, witJv
50 copper pbtes, belides fe^'cral other
books of conlcqiience. His printing ap»
pamius coiifills of 10 printing-prelTes,,
with types'in proportion; and he is nowr
making preparations tor the printing of
Bibles of various (mailer kinds. His
printing apparatus is reckoned tha
targeft in .\merica. This towndiip, part
of what ivas called SiuinJ^amond by tlie
Indian j, was inccrporatcd in 1684)
but bi.ing depopulated by Indian hot-
tilities,. thefiift town •meeikiv was Itld:
ill
1
i0t Vrvii
/ia t7*t. It !$ propofed to open a canal
/ iMtween Proviuencc, in Rhode-Ifland,
and tliU town. N.la^. 4a. S3.W. long.
7«. 44.
WORCBSTin. atownAip of Perin-
^Ivahta, in Montgoitiery bounty;
Worcester, the routh-eafternmoft
<rounty of Maryland, haying Soi.,eMet
county and Chei'apeak Bay on the weft,
iinepuxent Bay on thecaft, which opens
to the N. Atlantic Ocean, and A< o-
nac CO. in Virginia, . ' the fo>r** , I, <;
well wateif'l hy Po<!:«,j. .«,!;*, . < v- t.'.T' ,
and Sti M -••in'* r-i*- li ortains
11,640 inhabitants, In: ;ii,^u^. '..S36
flaves. Chief town, Sno-.- i^U
Worcester, a townlhtp of \ !•
nont, in the eafternmoft part of Chit-
tendon CO. about 25 miles eaft of Bur-
Eogton.
WoRTHiHCTON, a Dofi-town of
Maflkchxiietts, in Hampfliire co. 19
miles weft by north of Northampton, 45
caft by fouth of New Lebanon, in New-
York State, lao wcfterly of Bofton, and
389 from Philadelphia. It was incorpo-
rated in 176S, and contains Jii6 inha-
jbitants.
Wrentham, the Wollomonuppottge
of the Indians, a confiderable townfliip
of Norfolk CO. MalTachufetts, on the
poft-road from Bofton to Providence, 27
miles fouth fouth-weft of Bofton, and
18 north eaft of Providence, containing
1,767 inhabitants ; formerly a part of
Pedham, incorporated in 1661. There
is a curious cavern in this town, called
Wampomi'sRock, from an Indian family
of that .ime, who lived in it for a num-
ber of y;ars. It is about 9 feet fqtiare,
and 8 feet high, lefTening from the cen-
tre to about 4 feet. It is furrounded by
broken rocks, and now ferves as a (bel-
ter for cattle ana fheep, as do feveral
others here, formerly inhabited ky In-
dians. '
Wrightsborough, a fmall fettle-
ment or village on Little river, a branch
of the Savannah, about 30 miles from
Angufta. It was fettled by Jofeph
Mattock, Efq. one of the Friends, who
named it after Sir James Wright, then
governor of Georgia, who promoted its
cftablifhment.
Wb iGHTSTOWN, in Buck's county,
Pennfylvania, 4. miles north of New-
town, and 4 weft of Delaware river.
WuNALACHTiKOS, a tribe, the fe-
cond in rank, of the Delawaie nation.
^V'yACONDA, a river of Louifiaria^
which falls into the Miflifippi 34 miletf
below Riviere du Moins.
Wyalusino, a townlhipof Penn»
fylvania, Luzerne County^
Wyaluxing Creek, in Luieme ^o^
Pennfylvania, falls into the E.ft Branch
of Sulquehannah riter from the north-
caftward, and north-weftward of Mef-
hoppen Creek, which is 33 miks foutho
cait of Tioga Point*
Wyp jOa Road, in the North Pacific
Ocean , a place J anchorage at Atooi
Ifland, one of the Sandwich Iflands, int
lat 21. 57. north, and long. 159.47.
weftj It is at the fouth-weft fnle, ancf
about 6 miles from the weft end of the
.Hand. The ifland is about 10 leagued
long, and 15 leagues north-weft of
Woahoo Ifland.
Wyondotts, or fTiamiats, an In-
dian nation reflding near Fort Detroit^
in the neighbourhood of the Ottawa*
and Putawatimestwhofeiiunting grounda'
are about Lake Erie; The number of-
warriors, 40 years ago, were, Wyoildotts
250, Ottawas 400, Putawatimes 150.
Another tribe of the Wyondotts live
near Sandufky, among the Mohickons
and Caghnawagas, who together have
306 warriors. At the treaty of Green-'
ville, in confequence of lands ceded to
the United States, the latter agreed trt
pay them a fum in hand, and in gooda
to the value of 1000 dollars a year for
ever. »•
Wynton, the chief town of Hert-
ford county, Edenton diftrifl^ North- .
Carolina.
Wyoming, a general name former-
ly given to a tra6t af country in Penn-
fylvania, (ituated on Sufquehannah river, '
above Wilkfbarre. In the year 1778,
the fettlement which was known under
this name, confifted of 8 townfhips,
each containing 5 miles fquare, fettled
from Conne£licut, and originally un-
der its jurifdi6lion, and produced great
quantities of grain of all forts, fruit,
hemp, flax, &c. inhabited by about:
1000 families, who had furniined the
continental army with near 1000 fbldiersy
befides various Aipplies of provifions,
&c. In the month of July, all thefe
flourifliing fettlements were reduced by
the Indians and tories to a ftate of defo-'
lation and hoiror, almoft beyond de-
fcription. See IVeftmoreland. In the
vicinity of Wyoming is a b«d oif coai^
tfthe
very
ahc t
k.
|i 34>nile«
' of Pennw^
Jierne fo^
■/^ Branch
the north.
of Mef.
liks foutho
th Pacific
at Atool
lands, int
»59-47.
fwle, anrf
|nd of the
[o league*
-weft of
X A t
tf the open burning kind, which gives a
Very intenfe heat. Wyoming FalU lie
abc It 1 miles above Wilkeibarre, and
8{ ''es above Nantikoke FalU. N.
h. , I, 14.. W. long. 75. 53.
V'rcNOKE Creek, in N. Carolina,
lies within or about lat. 3b. 30. N. The
Kh lev of Carolina, in 1664, extended
th. WounJw aft ward as .''ar as the north
r' a of Currit»ick Inlet, upon a ftraigh*'
line weftefly to this -creek
Wyth", a f lUi.^y oi V^irginia, faid
to be ISO miles in length, and nearly 50
ifi breadth ; bouud'^d north by Kanha-
way, and fouth by the State of North-
Carolina. Its population in 1790 was
included in Montgomery county. There
arc lead mires in this county, on the
Great Kanhaway, 25 miles from the
line of North -Carolina, which yield
from 50 ttSolbs. pure lead from loolbs.
waftied ore, but moft commonly 60 to
100. Two of them are worked by the
public; the beftof which is 100 yards
under the hill ; and although there are
not more than 30 labourers generally
employed, they might employ 50 or 60
to advantage. The labourers cultivate
their own corn. Twenty, 95, and
fometimes 60 tons of lead have been ex-
tra£led from thefe mines in a year.
Chief town, Evanfham. The court-
houfe is on the poft-road from Rich-
mond to Danville, in Kentucky, 301
miles from the former, and 323 from
the latter. It is 46 miles from Montgo-
mery court-houfe, 57 from Abingdon,
and 454 from Philadelphia. A poft-
office is kept here.
X
XAGUA, harbour on the S. E.
coaft of the ifland of Cuba, and
one of the fineft ports in the Weft-
Indies. It lies between the Iftands of
Pines, or Pinez, and Spirlto Santo.
Xaintes, Santos, or AH Saints
JJlandt, lb named from their being dii-
covered on that Holy day, by the Spa-
niards, on the S. £. fide of the ifland of
Gaudaloupe, and in its Jurifdi^tion.
The moft wefterly of theie three ifles
i« called Terre de Bas, or the Low
Ifland, and the moft eafterly Tene de
Haut, or the High Ifland. The third,
whi«h lies exa^ly in. the rdiddle be-
y A D 609
tween tlie other two, is little other than
a barren rock, and helps to form a very
good harbour.
Xalisco, a province of NeW'SpaInt
;nd th> moft foutherly on the coaft of
Guadalajara audience. It is bounded S«
and W. by the South Sea } eaft by Gua-
dalaja Proper, and Mtchoacan, and
diviued from Chiametlan, on the N. by
I narrow flip of land belonging to Giia-.
dalajara, extending into the fea. It it
not above 150 miles in extent either
way. It has filver mines, and aboundf
with Indian wheat, but has few cattle.
The oil of the Infernal Fig-tree, as the
Spaniards call it, is brought from this
province. It is faid to be efficacious in
diflblving tumors, expelling of wind*
and all cold humours, by anointing tl
belly, and taking a few drops of it !. -k^-.
glals of wine, as alfo by clyfters. H it,
alfo faid to cure ulcers in the head^ id
deafnefs. The Indians are nui^^-vou.
here, and are reckoned braver ai. tbjrt
polite than their neighbouring c^uau ■■■
men. The Xalifco, an ancicr;t nty, is
the capital, yet the moft cot < 'aI ' j
place in it is Compoftella,
Xa^ayes, Laguna de hi, • Ivrge
lake of Paraguay, in S. America, form-
ed by the river Paraguay, in its courfe
from north to fouth.
Xerzs de la Frontera, a town in the
fouthernmoft part of ^Zacatecas, 9 pro-
vince of Guaaalajr.ra audience, in New
Spain, in N. Ameiica. It is ggrrifuned
for defending the mines againft the hoi>
tile Indians.
YAH AQUE, one of the Lucayos or
Sahama Iflands, fituated fouth- weft
of Meguana Ifland. N. lat. za. 30.
Yadkin, a conflderable river of N.
Carolina, which rifcs in the Alleghany
Mountains, nmningE. about 60 miles,
then turning to the S. S. E. pafles the
Narrows, a tew miles above Rocky river {
thence directing its courfe through
Montgomery and Anfon counties, en-
ters South Carolina. It is about 400
yards broad where it paflJes Saliibury,
but it is reduced between 2 hills, about
as miles to the foiuhwaid of that town,
to the width of 80 or ico feet. For 9
miles it is narrow and rapid :, but the moft
Q^q narrow
:^--*'*^'
6to
Y AO
narrow and moft rapid part U not above
half t mile in length. In this narrow
part* fliad are caught in the fpring of
the year, by hoop nets, in the eddiei,
•• faft as the ftrongeft men are able to
throw them out. Perhaps there is not
in the United States a moi-e eligible fu
tuation for a large manufaAuring town,
Boats with 40 or 50 hogiheads pafs ea-
fily from thefe Rapids to Georgetown.
The hit war, by which Norths Carolina
was greatly oonvuli'ed, put a flop to
leveral iron-works. At prdent there
are 4 or 5 furnaoes' in the Sttate that are
in b!a(t, and a proportionable number
of forges. There i^ one in Guilford co.
•ne in Surry, and one in Wilkes, all on
the Yadkin. From the mouth of Rocky
river to the ocean, the flream aflumes
^c name of Great Ptd$e.
Yakarchoca, a lake of Quito,
within the limits of the jurW'diflion of
San Miguci de Ibarra. It Is famous for
having been the fepulchre of the inhabi-
tautsof Otabalo, when taken by Hi>ftvna
Capacr the itth Inca} who, inllead of
rewarding their magnanimity with cle-
mency, was irritated at the noble relift-
•nce which they made againft his army,
ordered them all to be beheaded, and
their bodies to be thrown into the lake }
hence its name, which figniftes a lake
of blood.
Yago, St. or St. Jameti an ancient
town on the north fide of St. Domingo
Jflai d, founded before 1 504, and the
country round is reckoned as healthy as
any in the ifland. It is fituated on the
high road from La Vega to Daxavon }
20 league* weft by north of the former,
and a8 eafteriy of the latter, and about
xa from the anchoring-place of St.
Yague, and nearly as far trom Port de
Plate. It ftands on the northern fide of
the river Yaqui, in a favannah com-
jiianain^ uk river. The town is open,
atfd regularly laid out, and contains
above 600 houfes. It is 5a leagues N.
N. W.'Of St. Domingo city, 34 well by
north of the bottom ot Samana Bay, and
az N. W. of Cotuy. The territory
of St. Yago, or Jago, contains 28,000
fouls, and is very fertile in mines. The
fand of Green and Yaqui rivers is mix-
ed with gold. Mercury is found at tiit-
head ot the latter river, and copper is
alfo tound in this territory. The tree,
guatapaiia, which retains its Indian
uame, is found h«rc« It bears a fort of
Y A R
grain or pod, from which is extra£lcd >
very fine black dye.
Yacuache, a lirutenancy of Guaya*
qtiil juriidiilion, in South- America^ It
lies at the mouth of the river of the.
fame name, which empties into that of
Guayaquil on the louth fide, and has its
fource trom the flcirts of the Cordilleras,
fouth of the river Bamba. Within its
jurifdiAion are % towns) the chief of
which is that where the cuftom-houfe
is creAed, <'tnd called San Jacint de
Yaguache ) the two others are Naufa and
Antonche. It produces wood, cocoa,
cattle, and cottcn.
Yale Col/tge. Stt Ntnv Haven.
Yamacraw, the ancient Indian
name of the fpot where Savannah, in
Georgia, is erc£ted.— 'Alfo the name of
a tribe of tht Creek Indians.
Ya^ub, Port St. vulgarly called Old
Forty a fmall anchoring-place on the
N. fide of the ifland of St. Demingo }
fituated between Fadrcpin on the weft,
and Macoris- Point on the E.
Ya^ui, Grandt or Mmte Cbrifl
River, a river of the north part of th©
ifland ef St. Domingo, which nms a W.-
N. W. courfe^ and empties into the
Bay of Monte Chrift. It might be af-
cended in eanoes or fmall boats, for 1 5
leagues, were it not for the limbs of
trees which lodge in^ it. All its numer-
ous branches are from th^^ fouthward.
See Monte Cbnfi.
Yards ley's Ferry ^ on Delaware
river, is 3 miles>north-weflerIy of Tren-
ton, in New-Jerfey, and five below
M'Crankey's Ferry.
Yari, a town in Amazonia, South-
America, at the head of a branch of
Amazon river, fouth wellerly from Ma«
capa.
Yarmouth, a poft-town of Mafla-
chufetts, Bai^nftable co. on the neck of
the peninlula of Cape-Cod, 5 miles £.
ot Barnliable, la £. by S. of Sandwich*.
1 10 louth -weft ot Hofton, and 417 from
Philadelphia. The harbour is c^efcribed.
in the account of Barnftable ; which fee.
The townfliip extends from fca to fe:..^
It was incorporated in 1639, and con.
tains 2,678 inhabitants.
Yarmouth, a townfliip of Nova-
hcutia, in Qiteen's co. fettled by New
Englanders. It lies at the head of »
fliort bay, 8 miles fouth>eaft of Cape
St. Mary.
YaRV<^i, a plain 4 leagues N. E«
ofi
upon
tiens
arch
Y
Ten
whic
its
weft
iluen
the^
YOH
tf the city of Quito, and i49'toireiIow-
«r than it. Near it is a village of the
fame name. This fpot was pitched
upon as the bafe of the whole opera-
tions for meafdring the length of an
arch of the meridian, hy Ulioa.
Yazoo Rivtf, in Georgia Weftem
Territory, conlifts of 3 large branches
which run a fotithem coiiru, and near
its mouth thefeunite and purfue a fotith-
weft conrfe a few miles, and the con-
fluent A ream enters the eaftera bank of
the Mifliiippi, by a mouth upwards of
100 yards wide j according to Mr.
Gauld, in lat. 3s. 37. N. and bv Mr.
Purcel, in 3*. 38. See Georgia Wtfttrn
^territory.
Yazoo Cliff s^ or Aux CoUSf lie 7 1
miles from the river Yazoo, and 39I
miles from Loufa Chitto, or Big Black
river.
Ybagve, a city of New-Granada,
in Terra Firma South- America.
Yc A, or Valverdtt or the Grttn Valtt
from a valley of the fame name planted
with vines, which is 6 leagues long, and
produces plenty of wine. It is about
41 miles fouth-eaft of Pifeo, in Peru,
and is inhabited by 500 Spaniard <. It
is a beautiful and rich town, having a
large church, 3 convents, and an hof-
pital. About 6 leagues from the towii
IS its port, called Puerto Qnemada.
YcA()yB, or Icaco^ the northern point
of the bay of Mancenilla, in the ifland
of St. Domingo.
Yellow Mmaaain. See TiTmtffet.
Ylo, a port of Peru, in Los Charcos
convenient for loading and unloading,
in lat. iS. S. The town of the fame
name, lies about a quarter of a leagtie to
the windward of the river, and is inha-
bited by Indians. FrcKier calls it Htlo.
YoHOGANY, the principal branch
of Monongahela li^'er, called alfo
Tougbiogeny, and Toxbiogeni, purfues a
north-wefterly courfe, and pafles through
the Laurel Mountain, about 30 miles
from its mouth ; is, fo far, from 300 to
250 yards wide, and the navigation
much obftruAed in dry weather by ra-
pids and Ihoals. In its palfage through
the mountain it makes very great falls,
admitting no navi^tion for 10 miles,
to the Turkey-foot. Thence to the
Great Crofling, about %o miles, it is
again navigable except in dry fisafons,
and at this place is 100 yards wide.
The fource* of this river are divkted
YO R
6rr
fimn thofc of the Patowmackf by the
Alleghany Mountain. From the falli,
where it InterfeAs the Laurel Mountain*
to Fort Cumberland, the head of the
navigation to the Patowmack, ta 40
miles of very mountainous road. The
country on this river iu uneven, but in
the vallies the foil is extremely rich.
Near to Pittiburg the countty is well
peopled, and there, as well aa in Red-
ftone, all the comforts of life are m the
greateft abundance. This whole coun-
try abounds with coal, which liea almeft
on the furface of the ground.
YoNKiRS, a tovmSiipof New- York*
in Weft Chefter co. bounded eafterly
by Bronx river, and wefterly by the
county of York and Hudfon'a river.
It contains 11 as inhabitantSf of whom
139 are eleAors, and 170 flavea.
Y0NKBR8, a poft'town of New-
York, 114. miles from Philadelphia.
Young FniDiHtcK^sIJIaml, on the
N. W. coaft of N. America, dividea
Port Ingraham. See Port iHgrabam.
York, a river of Virginia, which
takes its rife near the Blue Ridge, and
empties into the Chefapeak, a Tittle to
theS.ofMobjackBay. At York Town
it alfords the beft harbour in the State*
which will admit veflels of the largeft
file. The river there narrows to the
width of a mile, and is contained within
very high banks, clofe under which the
velwls may ride. It has 4 fathoms wa«
ter at high tide, for ao miles above
York, to the mouth of Poropotank*
where the river is a mile and a half wide*
and the channel only 75 fathoms, pafs-
inv under a very high bank. At the
confluence of Pamunky and Mattapony
it has but 3 fathoms depth, which con-
tinues up Pamunky to Cumberland,
where the width is too yaitls, and up
Mattapony to within a miles of Fnuter^s
Feny, wnere it becomes aS^ fathoma
deep, and holds that about 5 miles.
York, a river of York co. Diftrift
of Maine, which nms up 7 or 8 miles,
and affords a tolerable harbour for vef-
fels under 200 tons. The rocks, how-
ever, render it fomewhat difficult and
hazardous for ftrangers. .
York, a maritime and populous co.
of the DiftriA of Maine, bounded tail
and north-eaft by Cumberland, fouth by
the ocean, weft by New-Hampfliire*
from which it is leparatcd by Salmon
Fall river, and north by Canada, it is
Q^ a well
96ir
TOR
well wafcnd by Saeoi MovfiMni uid
.•thtr ilretini, and U divkUd intot;
to«viiflu|>«> unI contajnt tl,tsi inhabit
tantf. Chief towiir York.
. Yo RE, a poft-town of the DUIriA it
Maine, in'Yorlieo. 9 inilet nortli>eaft
Jf Portfmouth, in New-Hampfliiiv, ao
>uth of Wcllfl, 4! fouth bv weft of
Poitland, 7 s from Vofton, and 4a 1 from
Phibdelphia. N. lat. 4-1' •<• It i> a
port of entry and capital ot the county.
The river of ire name emotica into York
liarbour at the town. It ia navigable
for vefTrla of ^50 tone. About a mile
from the lea it- a ^wootlen brklge acrol'e
the river, a7ofret in length, which waa
ct^fAcd in 1761. Before the war, S5- or
.30 TtfleU were employed in the Weil-
jtidia trade, and codling bufinefi, but
flheir veflEda were taken or dettroyed,
and little marine bufmcf* ia now done,
except that arfinail fiAiery ia I'upported.
Thia towndttp waa liettied in 1630^ and
•ailed AgamtfUicus^ from the hiH of that
name which ia a noted land -mark for
marinera^ la i<40, Sir Ferdinand Qor-
Sa iiicoi-porated a great part of it by
e name of Getrgiana. In the year
r69a, the Indians took the town by l'ur>
prife, and burnt inqft of the houfes, and
150 pcrlbns were killed or captivated.
It contained, according to the eenl'us ol'
17^0, S900 perfona. Fiih of various
kinda frequent the rivers and (bores of
<he lea contiguous. In a calm leafon,
in the ftimmcr, one may ftand on ttie
cocka of the fliore, and catch them in
the &a, with a line, or even with an
angling rod, and a fathom or two of line.
YoftK, a county of Pennfylvania,
bounded eaft and north- eaft by Sufque-
bannah river, which feparates it from
Lancafler and Dauphine counties, and
£)uth by the State of Maryland. It
contains ay townihips, and 37,747 in-
habitants.
Yo«K,a poil-town and capital of the
above county, fltuated on the eaft fide
«f Codorus Creek, which empties into
the Suiqudiannah. It contains about
500 houiies, fcveral of which are of
kick. The town is regularly laid out 1
the public buildings are a cottrt-houfe,
a Aone gaol, a record-office, handfoine-
Ijr built, an aculemy, a German I»uther-
an, a German Calviniil, a Prefliyterian,
Heman Catholic, and Moi-avian church,
and a Quaker meeting-houfe. It is sz
niks Wl S. W. of Laacailer, 51 N.
rofc
W, br N. of Hartford, in H&^Unir
199 NrS of ftianncon, in Virginia, uA
tlwtftofPhiUdelphia.
/YoMC, a county of South'Carolinak
in Pinckney diftriA { bounded eaft by
Catawba, river, N. by the State of N.
Carolina | fouth by Chefter co. and weft
by Broail rivrr, which divides it from
'Spartanburg, and is one of the moft
agreeable and healthy cmmties in the
State, and well wata red by Catawba a*d
Broad rivera, and- their tributaries. It
contains 6604 inhabitants, of whom
565* are wliites, and 9a^ flavea. Here
are exunfivc iron-works. This countjt
fends 3 reprefentativea and one fenatov
to the State legidature.
York, a county of Virginia, bounded
north Hy York river, which divides it
fiomGlouceiierco. foirth by Warwick i
eaft by Elizabeth City co. and weft by
that of James Ciry. It contaiua 5«33.
inliabitaais, of whom tj6o are flavt-s.
York, or Torktvumt a port of entry
and poft. town ot Virginia, an^l capit\d
of York CO. It is agreeably lituated on
the fouth fide of Yuik river, wheiv tW
river is I'uddenljr contraAed to a narrow
compafs, oppofite to Glouccfter, and a
mile diftant, where there is a fort front.
iug that on the York fide, about i c
miJes weil by fouth of Toea Point, at
the mouth of tlte river. The banks of
the river ai« veiy high, and velTeU of
the sreateft burden may ride clofe un-
der tliem with the greateft fafety. It
contains about 60 or 70. houfea, a gaol,
an EpilcOpai d'urch, and a tobacco
warc-houfe. In 790, it contained 66 z
inhabitants, of who n 37a were flaves,.
Its exports, in the year 1794, amounted
to feventy-one thouland five hundred
and f^venty-eight dollars. It will ever
be famous in^ the American annals for
the capture of Lord Cornwallis and his
;army, by the oombined force of the
United States and France, which took.
fiace ou the i>9th of OAober, 17S1.
t is 12 milea^aft by fi>uthof Williaoii'-
burgh, 41 N. W.of IJampton, 7^. £.,
S. E. of Richmond, ana 330 fouth-
ibuth'Wcftof Philadelphia* H. lat. 37..
a». 30. W. long. 76. 51..
York, a town -^f Upper Canada, fi-
tuated on the no. ./ellern fide oi Lake
Ontario, and is defigned to be the fu-
ture feat of government of that province.
The public- buildings are ereaing. It
i8'4o loika N>by-W, of Niagara Fort,
and
00"
Iin4.
Y U C
•nil ISO weft-fouth-wcft of Krngfton.
K. lat.f]. 57< W. )on^. lo. 35.
YoRIt Mf !■ 9 milei long, ind 4
brotdi ami fpreadi to the ibuthwani he-
fore the city of New- Yurie. 4t i« form-
ed by the confluence of En(t and Htitl-
ibn'a rivers, and emlMfomi teveral fniali
iflands, of which Govemor^s Iflind it
the principal. It commiinicarci with
the ocraih through the Narrows, be>
twetn Staten and Long Illandi, which
arc Icarcely s miles wide. Tin* palliige
<ip to Ncw-Yorki from Sandy Hook,
the point of land that extends furthelt
into the Cca, is fafc, and 'not above so
miles in length. The common naviga-
tion is between the ead and weft banlcs,
in al\oiit 12 feet water. The light-
'houle'llit Sandy Hook is in lat. 40. 30.
iM. and lonsf. 74. a. W.
York Fort, on the fouth-weft fhore
of Hudlbn's Bay, at the mouth of Port
Nelfon river, is .1 60 miles wefterly of
Severn Houfe. N. lat. 57. i. 51. W.
long. 9s. 46. 40.
York Harbour lies within the elbow
formed by South Head, in the Bay of
Ifliinds, Newfoundland IHand.
York IJlandt one of the Gallipago
iflacds, on the coaft of Peru.
York JJU, or I/lands, lie in S. lat.
50. 37. about 50 leagues from the coaft
of Patagonia, in South America, and
are inhabited. Trinity .iHe lies due E.
of them, near the main land.
York Ledge, on the coaft of the Dif- .
tn£l of Maine. From York Harbour to
York Ledg^, the courie is S. £. two
leagues.
YORK Miujler, un the 8. co;)ft of the
-ifland Terra del Fuego, is 19 leagues at
E. S. E. from Gilbeit Ifland. S. lat.
55. 16. W. long. 70. 25.
York Road, or Ba\\ in the Straits of
Magellan, in S. At rica, is 10 miles
-from Cape Crofs Tid« S. lat. 53. 39.
W. long. 73. 5».
YoRKTOWN, a townfliip of New
York, Wcft-Chcfter co. ouimcled weft-
xrly i>y the town of Cortland, and
•northerly by Dutchef s co. In .1 790, it
.contained 1609 inhabitants, including
40 ilaves. In 1 796, according to the
Stnte ccnfus, t|iere were »io ot the in-
'liabitanis electors.
YouGHiocBNy. See Yobogany.
YucATEN, one of the 7 provinces of
ithc audience of Mexico, in New- Spain.
Tiie Bjitifli luid r right. to^cut logwood.
ZAP 619
afid carry it iwty, by the tmty of
17I3, in the traft betwetn Rio HMMk
^nd BalliM rivers.
Yuma, Baj ef. Sec Hiauty»
YvNAi a river of the ifland of 8e.
Domingo, which rum an E. B. E. and
E. courfc, and cmptici into the W. end
of the Bay of Samana. It rifes near
Monte Chrift river. It ii navigvblc no
farther than£ocu]i| i| leiguea Irom it«
mouth.
ZACATECAS, a province of New.
Spain, bounded by New Bifcay on
the N. by Panuco on the E. Mechoacan»
Guadalajaia, and Chiametlan, on theS.
and by part of Chiametlan and Culiacaii
on the W. It is well inhabited, and
abounds with large villages. The
mines hete are reckoned the richeft ia
America.
ZACATBCASythecapitatofthe above
province, fituatcd under the tropic of
Cancer, 40 leagues -N. of G uadalajara,
and 80 N. W. of Mexico. Its garrifon
confifts of about 1000 men, and there
are about 800 families of (laves, who
work in the mines and other laborious
work. N. lat. 13. ap. W. long. 103.
20.
Zacallan» a town of Mexico. See
Angelas.
,Zacatvla> a fmall feapoit-town of
the province of Mechoacan, fituated at
the mouth of the river of the fame
name, on the coaft of the Pacific Ocean.
N. lat. 17. aa. W. long. 104. 58.
Zach£0, ot Dejecbiot a Imall ifland*
8 or 9 leagues to the N. E. by N. of
Mona, between the ifland of St. Domin-
go, and that of Porto Rico. It is no-
thing more than a green.mouiitain} 800
or 1000 yards long.
Zamora, acityofP^n), in South-
America, 200 miles fouth of Quito*
which is pretty large, -and the boufes
well built of timber and flone. The
churcli and convent of Dominicans, are
both elegant ltru6)ures. There tire
leveral gold mines in the neighbourhood
of theicity, but few of tl)em are workt d.
S. lat. 4. 10. W. long. 77. 5.
Zapotbcn AS, a river of New-Sj^ialn
which runs nortlhcaftward into the gulif
0^3 olf
m.
6i4
ZIT
of Mexico. A fort of the fame name
ftandt on the N. W. hank of the river,
about 250 miles S. E. from the city of
Mexico.
Zbli70» or Z>Uti», one of the forts
lior the prote6Uon of the harbour of
Carthagcnat on the N, coaft vf Souths
America.
^ZiNOCHSAA* the original name of
• river of New.Yorlc» which runs
through OnondagOj the chief town of
the Six Nations.
ZlTARf a town of T^rra Firma,
ZU Y
South>Anierica» near to and fouth from
the htad of the gulf of Darien.
ZOAR, a plantation of Berkfliire co.
MaflachufettSi containing 78 inhabi'
tants.
ZoNCOLCUCAH, moimlains inGuiix-
aca, in New-Spain, which give rife to
Papalo-apain, or Alvarad river.
Z0ME8H10, the chief town of the
Seneca Indians, s miles N. of Seneca^
Lake.
ZuYDT Riveft a name in Pt^tcl;^
maps giveo to JDeUwaire KVl^^
I
♦fhc
TABLE
#*
•WW
t «.^ 3
' CO*
ibi.
Jiwx-
\k to
the
eneci^
TABLE OF POST-OFFICES
IN
THE UNITED STATES,
WJTJI
-■^•.
'J*hc Distance from the Poft-Office at^l^HiLADELPHiA to every
4}ther Poft-Of^ce hei:e mentioned.
|[By permiflipn of the Author, the following ufeful TaWe and Obfervai*
tions arc annexed.]}
Miles.
ABBEVILLE coyi^houfe,S.C.78*
. Abhotftown, P. ^03
Abingdon, Va. 511
Accomac court-houre, ya. , % 99
Albany, N. V. 965
Alexandria, Va. 956
AiUen's Frefh, i/lis 203
Anaboy, N. J. 74
^mherft, N. H. %%/^
Andover, Ms. Z7'
Annapolis, Md. 132
Anfon court houfe, N. C. 583
Avery (borough, N. ^ 482
Augufta, G. .7^3
Baltimore, Md. fo»
Bairdftown, K. 875
Bamftable, Ms. 423
Bath, Me. 512
Bath, N. Y. %^i
Bath, c. h. Va. 337
Beaufort, S. C. S36
Bedford, P. a 04
Belfaft, Me. 590
Bel Air, Md. 86
Benedi^, Md. 191
^Pennington, Vt. 30*
Bermuda Hundred, Va* 302
Berwick, Me. 4)z
j^ethania, N. C, 538
Bethl^em, P,
Beverly, Ms.
Biddeford, Me.
Blackhorfe, Md.
Bladeniburg, Mdf
BluehUl, Nfe.
Booneton, N.J..
Boston, Ms.
Bourbontown, K.
Bowlingreen, Va.
Brattleborougb, Vt.
Brewers, Me.
Bridgehampton, N. Y^
Bridgetown Baft, N. Jf.
Bridgetown Weit, M. T.
Briftol,R.I.
Briftol, P.
Brookfield, Ms.
Brookhaven, N. Y.
Brownfvilie, P.
Brunfwick, Me.
BrunrwJ:k (New) N. J.
Burlir.gton, Vt.
Butternutts, N. Y.
Cabbin Point, Va,
Cabeilfcurg, Va.
C;jmbiidge, S. C,
Camden, Me.
Camden, S. Ct
<iq 4,
Miles.
5»
367
'6i|
zi^
$47
749
sjo
74S
196
7*
47
30^
aa
»7«
i6t
34«
500
60
429
375
35»
57t
... »iA lb. ,
.
t 1i*< V
Miles.
Miles.
Canau, Me*
577
Drefilen, Me.
i 54»
Canaan* ,C.
*S7
DoutyU Falls, Me*
439
CantweU's Bridge* D,
5*
Carliflw, P.
i»5
Eift-Oreenwich, R, T,
J08
-Carterrviile» Va.
3^3
Eaftoa, p.
7c
Centreville, Md,
98
Eaftan, Md.
918
Centre Harbour, N. H,
♦86
,Edcnton, N. C.
440
CatfkUt, N. Y.
»33
Edgartown, Ms.
44&
Caftine, Me.
610
Edgefield c. h. S. C.
738
Chamberfburg, P.
>S7
Elberton, G.
<59
Chandler's Rivef, Me,
697
Elizabeth-Town, N. J,
fo
Chapel Hill, N. C.
47»
Elizabeth-Town, N* C,
S47
Chaptico, Md.
»»S
Elkton, Md,
49
Cbarleftown, N. H.
34-x
Ephrata, P,
74
Charleftown, Md.
* 7«3
Exeter, JJ. H.
40*
Charleston, S. C,
Charlotte c. h. Va.
379
617
Fairfield, Me,
563
Charlotte, c. h. N. C.
Paiifield, C.
161
Charlottefville, Va.
303
Falmouth, Ms.
4*9
Chatham c. h. N. C.
584
Falmouth, Va,
»07
Chenango, ^. Y.
375
Fayetteville, N. C.
507
Cheraw c, h. S. C.
591
Fincaftle, Va.
358
Cherry VaUey, N. y,
Ghefter, N. H,
336
Fifljkill, N. Y.
'%
S9«
Flemington, N. J.
Chelter, P,
«5
Franfort, K.
790
Chefterc. h. S. C,
736
Franklin c. h. G.
834
Cheler-Town, Md,
81
Frederica, D.
88
Chriiliana, D.
37
Frederickfljurg, Va.
208
Cincinnati, N. T,
779
."''rederickiowrn, Md,
148
Claverack, N. Y.
»3«
Freeport, Me.
493
Ctefmont, N. Y,
211
Oovrec, D.
to8
Gallipolis, N. t.
559
Cojichefter, Va.
I7»
Geneva, N- Y.
♦Sf
Columbia, Me.
6SS
Georgetown, C, R. Md
«s
Columbia, Va.
3*8
Georgetown, Ptk. Md,
»4«
Columbia, S. C.
678
Oeoigetown, S.C,
681
Csnajuhary, N. Y,
318
Georgetown, G.
873
Concord, N. H.
410
Germanton^ N. C*
5*8
Concord, Ms.
368
Grttifburg, P. '
119
Cooperftown, N. Y,
348
Gloucefter, Ms.
38i
CMa'awatchy, S. C.
833
Glducefter c. h. Va.
3«l
Culpepper, Va.
»53
Goldfon'«, Va.
35s
CumbierlanJ, Mid.
»a7
Goochland c. h. Va,
1108
Comberland c. h. Va,
330
Ooldiborough, Me.
6s7
Goflien, N, Y.
«4«
^gfborough, D,
Daiibury, C,
1*7
Gray, Me.
489
171
Grtene, Me.
514
Danville, K. '
830
Greenfield, Ms.
»9I
I)edham, Ms.
3*1
Greenbrier c.h. Va,
410
Dfghton, Ms.
314
Greenfborough, G.
Greenfburg, P.
841
Dover, N. H.
4>6
*7%
Dover, D.
76
Gre?nlvillc, T,
577
Downington, P,
33
Greenville, N- C.
445
Dock Creek, D.
64-
Greenville c. h. S. C^
781
Duck Trap, Mc.
578
Guilford, C.
aoi
Dumfries, Va.
l8z
Duplin c. h. N. C.
566
Hacketftown, N. ^,
»3<»
iporhaiDj^.U.
416
Hagv. rftown, Md,
'49
. ■^.
Haiifax,
!:.*. ■
419
308
7C
Its
440
44^
»59
80
5*7
♦9
74
401
161
4»9
S07
507
3S8
16 e
si
'
I ««
7 1 •
,
Miles.
MMes.
Halifax, N. C.
3S4
Leominfter, Mi.
39»
Halifax c. h, Va.
414
Leunard-Town, .
»«jr
Hallowell c. b. Me.
5)9
Le^ifl)urg, P.
«i»
Halluwell Hook, Me.
54*
Lexington, Va,
s»»
Hamburg, N. J.
ISI
Lexington, K.
78U
Hampton, Va.
37«
Liberty, Va.
391
Hiincock, Md.
179
Lincolnton, M. C.
€i%
Hanover, N. H.
377
Litchfield, C.
*o)r
. Hanover, Ms.
375
Little German Flats, N, ir«
34*
Hanover, P.
106
Londonderry, N. H.
401
Hanover c. h. Va.
*55
Louiiburg^ N. C.
4«f
Hanover-Town, Va,
300
Lauifville, K.
9>l
Harford, Md.
77
LovtayiLi.i,G.
8«j
Harpersiield, N. V,
Harri(burg, P.
989
Lumberton, N. C.
539
J 07
Lower Marlboro', Md.
i6»
Harris'-, Va.
336
Lynchburgh, Va.
3«t
Harrodiburg, K.
Hartford, C.
820
Lynn, Ms.
- 3««
aaz
Haverhill, N. H.
Haverhill, Ms.
41*
Machias, Me.
705
38z
Mancbcfter, Vt.
3*4
s :Havre-de Grace, Md,
65
Marblehead, Ms.
37«
Hertford,. N. C.
458
Marietta, N. T,
Martiniburg, Va.
4S«
Hicks'sFor', Va.
356
16I
1
Hilllborough, N. C.
4S<5
Marlborough, N. H.
35*
1
Hingham, Ms.
369
Martinfville, Va.
478
1
Hogtown, N. C.
Holraes's Hole, Ms.
4'9
Martinville, N. C.
504
i
438
Mecklenburg, Va.
395
1
Homtown, Va.
»74
Mendon, Ms.
«9S
If
Hudfon, N. Y,
«'7
Middlebury, Vt,
39»
f
Huntington, Md.
Huntfviile, N. C.
171
Middletown, C.
sot
1
553
Middietown, D,
49
1
Middletown Point,
91
Is
Indian-Town, N. C,
49a
Milford, C.
>7l
1
Ipiwich, Ms.
377
Milford, D.
9$
i
Iredell c. h. N. C.
59*
Mlllerftown, P.
Monmouth, Me
34
S»4
1
Johnfonfljurg, N. J,
Johnfton, N. Y.
98
307
Monmouth c. h. N. J.
Montgomery c. h. Md.
'?
Jonertiorough, T,
55'
Montgomery c. h. Va.
Montgomery c. h. N. C.
408
£07
Kanaodaigua, N, Y.
473
Moore c. h. N. C.
547
Keene, N. H.
344
Moorcfieids, Va.
iij
Killingworth, C.
«I0
Morgantowfn, Va.
01
Kinderhook, N. Y.
»4-4-
Morganton, N. C.
66k
Kir.gfton, (Efopus) N. Y.
»9»
Morriftown, N. J.
lot
Kinlale, Va.
305
Morrifville, P.
»#
JCIngfton, N. C,
51*
Mount Tizrah, N. C.
486
JCNoXVILLE, T.
6sz
Murfteelborough, N, C.
♦**
Lancafter, Ms.
385
Nantucket, Ms.
ii%
Lancarter, P.
66
Narraguag!»s, Me.
«7J
Lancaltcr c. h. Va.
335
Nalh, c. h. N. C.
443
JLanfinglvjrg, N. Y.
»74
NafliviUe, T.
1015.
Laurens c. h. S. C.
755
Newark, N. J.
U
Laytons, Va.
a45
New-Bedford, Ms.
%Zl
Lebanon, P.
8z
Newburn, N. C.
sot
Leelburg, Va.
173
Newburg, N. Y.
J7»
J.ecfl»«rsi N. C.
510
Newbury, Vu ,
417
New
I— vm t . ff ' i- ^p ^ 'tH W '^ w mmw*—
^...^^:
t
Newbury c. h. S.C.
"Newbury- port, Ms.
N«wcaftl«>, Me.
Dewcaftie, D>
INeW' Oermaatown, N. J,
Kew-Gloucefter, Me.
New-Hartford» C.
Mbw-HaVen, C.
New-Kent c. h. Va.
Ilew- Lebanon, N. Y.
'New- London, ,C.
New-London, Va.
New-market, Va.
14iew-Milford, C.
New.Milford, Me*
Newport, K. I.
Newport, D.
Newport Bridge, G.
Newtown, N. Y.
New.York city, N. Y»
Nixonton, N. C. ' '
Norfolk, Va
Northampton, Ms.
Northampton c. h. Vs«
Norridgcwortb, Me.
Northumberland, P.
Northumberland c. h. Vt.
North- Yarmouth, Me.
Norwaik, C.
Norwich, C.
Nottingham, N. H.
Nottingham, Md.
Old Fort Schuyler, N. Y.
Old- Town, Md.
Ouonclaigua, N. Y.
Orangeburg, S. C.
Orange c. b. Va.
Orfonl, N. H.
Ouliout, N. Y.
Owega, N. Y.
Oxford Ac. N. Y.
Painted Poft, N. Y.
'Faflamaquoddy, Me.
Pcei(kili, N. Y.
"^ ! ;eton c. h; S. C.
Vvncbic)*-; oi C3:>inr, Me.
Peterbonvs^H, N. IJ,
Ff;terrt)urj5,'i:*-
FetC/ b^«g} '^':\. -
FtifrriiK'^jj, G.
Pinw.i-;yyi;k, ix C.
Pi'tiuvfb . ?.!:*♦
PiUfburg,'? ^ "^j;
Miles.
60
7*3
389
l^rs
33
73
4.99
«4»
18}
308
«93
*37
393
5J8
a9%
3»
959
■aso
95
468
389
ayo
*39
587
124.
3»7
483
J49
*5«
437
»65
]
P!tt(ylvania c. h. V»,
Pitifton, Me.
Pittfton, N. J.
Plumllea^, P.
Plymouth. N. H.
Plymouth, M».
Pfy mouth, N, C,
Pbmtret, C.
P0RTJ.AND, Me.
Fort-Roy.,i, Va.
Po.RT^MOVTH, N. H,
Portrmoulii, Va.
Port Tobacco, Md.
Pottfgrove, P,
Poughkeepfie, N. Y.
Powhatan c.. h. Va.
Prince Edward c. h. Va.
Princefk-Ann, Md.
Princeton, N. J.
Princeton,' N. C.
Prorpca,Me.
Providence, R. I,
Qgeen Ann'i, Md>
Quincy, Ms.
Raleigh, N. C.
Randolph c. h. N. C.
Reading, P.
Redhook, N. Y.
Rhinebeck, N. Y.
Richland, N. C.
RiCHMONp, Va.
Richmond c. h. Va.
3:64 Richmond c. h. N. C,
ai3 Ridgefield, C.
41X Rockaway, N. J.
721 Rockford, N. C.
S73 Rockingham c. h. Va.
395 Rockingham c, h. N. (?|.
325 Rocky Mount, Va,
a<4 Rome, N. Y.
395 RVTLAKD, Vt.
Komaey, Va.
a 30
7*8 Sagg- Harbour, N.Y.
X45 St. Lto.iard's Md.
801 Sr. Mary's, G.
606 St. Tammany's, Va.
366 SaJem, Ms.
413 Saltin, N. J,
30 ! Salem, W. C.
%l6 SaJifcuiy, Md.
.«— . Sjiifbury, N. C.
716 Sampler c. h. N, C«
178 Sandwich, Ms.
303 Sanford, Me.
299 SavanRaii, G*
448
547
59
' 3«
445
393
4^3
*H
4*9
430
4"
399
,94
IT
1 80
3?o
358
?78
4*
4»9
6p»
*91
369
.44'
58s
io6
19«
ziS
iH
til
i»3
573
536
433
376
359
242
20»
J 8$
J054
389
365
37
53«
363
567
543
411
447
Sawyer's
t«wyer*i Ferry, H. C«
Saybrook, C^
Scotland Neck, N, C,
8chene£iady, N. Y.
Scipto, N. v.
Sharpiburg, Md,
Sheffield, Mi.
Shcpherdftown, Va,
ShippenflMirg, p.
Sl|rew(bury, N, J,
Smithfield, Va.
Smithfield, N. C.
Smithtown, N. V,
Snowhill, Md
Somerfet, tAt,
Southampton c. h. Va,
Sparta, N. J.
Spartan c. h. S. Ct
Springfield, Ms.
Springfield, K.
Stamford, C.
Statelburg, S, C^
Staunton, Va.
Stevenfburg, Va,
Stockbrldge, M>f
Stonington, C,
Strafbur^, Va,
Stratford, C»
Suflield, C.
Suffolk, Va,
Sullivan, M^.
Sumner, S. C.
SuiTex c. h. N. J«
^unbury, P.
Sunbury, G.
Sweedloorough, N. J*
Sweet Springs, Va.
Taney ton, Md.
Rappahannock, V,
Tarborough, N. C.
Taunton, Ms.
Thomalion, Me.
Todds, Va.
Tower Hill, R. I,
Trenton, Me.
Trknton, N. J,
Trenton, N. C,
Troy, N. Y.
Union- Town, P.
Union, N. Y.
Upper Marlborough} Md,
Urbanna, Va.
VaflTalborough, Me.
Vergenne*, Vt.
Vienna, Md.
lyaldoborough, Me*
Miles.
WalIingfbnl,C.
Walpok, N. H.
Wardlbrid^, N. Y,
Warminfter, Va«
Warren, Me.
Warrer., R. I.
War; en, Va.
Wairentoa, N. C.
Warwick, Md.
W/:SHINGTON city,
Wafaington, P.
Waflitngton, K.
Wa/hington, N. C.
Waihington, G.
Vl^aterbury, Me.
Vl^aynefborough, N. C.
Wayne(borough, G«
Wells, Me.
Wefteriey, R. I.
Weftfield, Ms.
Weft-Liberty, Va.
Weftminfter, Vt.
Weftmorelana c. h. Va.
Weathersfield, C.
Wheeling, Va.
Whiteftown, N. Y.
Wilkes, N. C.
Wikeibane, P.
William(borough, N. C.
Williamfljurg, N. Y.
WiJHamftiurg, Va.
. Williamfport, Md.
so8 Williamfton, N. C.
Wilmington, D,
Wilsnington, N. C.
V/inchendon, Ms.
Winchefter, Va.
Windham, C.
Windfor, Vt.
_ Windfor, N.C.
4»o Winnfborough, S. C,
ji* Winflow, Me.
Winthorp, Me.
Winton, N. C.
Wifcaflet, Me.
Woodbridge, N. J.
Woodbury, N. J.
Woodttock, Va.
Woodftown, N. J.
Worcelter, Ms.
Worthington, Ms.
Wythe, c. h .Va.
4«»
at9
S96
all
461
I81
1+6
S64.
473
J 47
158
8"
S99
117
746
•SO.
7»9
>39
.87
aoo
»49
asi
aio
169
23s
386
^45
iia
974
ao
580
1*1
564
»83
a8x
633
30
JXI
»7I
3*7
340
x6z
191
Miks.
S3»
55f
30s
SaC
S9*
5r
144
3»f
70>
4S«
491
So*
441
»5«
s6»
34S
s8^
ait
36}
361
<ic
lit
4«T
«8t
33«
I 'c
5S«
407
150
5+5
Yarmouth, Ms.
Yonkers, N. Y.
York, Me.
York .Town, Va.
York, P.
at
I *
a f
at
JJf
>»f
434
5*5
7»
f
«99
»«»
45+
4*r
IT4
4st
350
88
MXPUNATION
.ll l pJUOniMH rii ' n r r • n " 1 1 ' ' ' ^•"" — "•*— ™-
J
I «ao 1
I
2
fife, for
M. H.
▼t.
Ma.
it. I.
C.
N.Y.
N.J.
P.
N-T,
l>.
ML
yt.
u.c.
T.
«.C.
G.
rtk.
C.R.
«. fa.
XftASATlOH,
Maine
New.IIampfliire
Vermont
MaflTachufettt
Rhode- Ifland
Connejltcut
New. YoWc
New-Jerfey
Pennrytvania
North WeAern Tenritorjr
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
Kentttky
North- Carolina
Tenneflefe
BouthoCaroIimi
Georgia
Potowmack
CrofsJRoads
Court.Houfe
MjITES of PO S TA CM. fir Single
Ltttirs.
Any diftaiice not exceeding
Over 90 and not exceeding
Over 60 do.
Over loe do.
Over 150 do.
Over 100 do.
Over a 50 do.
Ovsr 350 do.
Over 4.50
Miles. Cts.
30 6
60 8
100 10
1-50 »*i
200 15
150 17
350 so
450 %%
»5
SHIP LETTERS ^received by pri-
Vate fliipt, are rated at 4 cents each, and
if they are forwarded hy poft, with the
addition of the ordinal}' rates of land
|>oRage.
Ship Letters pafHng in pacicet-boats
«r velTels provided by iheXJnitcd States,
«re rated as follow :
Single Xetters at
Double at
Triple, or Packets, at
But at prefent there arc no fuch public
fnickets-boatik.
Cts.
8
16
HATES of POSTAGE of Ntwj-
Papirs.
Ctt.
Each paper carried notovtr 7
' ill lies S
Over too t .^ i|
Bat if carries to any poft-office in i
the State in which it is .print' /
ed» whatever be the diftanee \ '
the rate is J
Os.
MAGAaiMES and Pamphlets
rated by the fheet.
Carried not over 50 miles, per fhect
Over 50 i^nd not over 100 do*
Any greater diftance
are
Ctt.
s
«t
%
OBSERVATIONS.
When portages are chargd too b!gh»
fuch as a angle letter charjrrd as double,
an abatement of .the poftage will he
maue, if the letter or packet is opened in
the prefence of the Poll-Mafter or his
.letter- carrier, but not otherwiie.
Letters mnft he delivered at the ofllicet
ofBofton,New-York, Philadelphia and
Baltimore, one hour before the time fix-
ed for the departure of the mail, and at
other offices half an hour, or they wilt
lie imtil the next poft.
Letter-carriers are employed at large
poft-towns, who deliver letters at the
reiidence of individuals ; they are eiu
titled to two cents for each letter or pac-
ket which they deliver, in addition to
the|)oftage. Any perfon may, however,
receive his letters at the poft-oifice, on
giving the poil-mafter a written direc-
tion to that purpofe.
Poftages of letters or packets maiy be
Kaid in advance at the office where the
:tter is entered to be conveyed by <poft,
or they maybe fentunpaid at thewritei
choice. Poftages muft. always be. paic(
before delivering of the letter.
Poft'inaftcrs are required to be Teiy
cautious in delivering letters, there be-
ing in fome towns fe- ctaI perfons of the
fame name; *lie d.t tflons ihouUl be
parttcular in luch cafes.
The direftion (houki 9 -ays mention
the State, and genera4!y the county in
which the place is fitu* ed ^ for f.itre
are places of the fame iiame in feveral
of the States, and in feme States places
of. the fame name in different counties.
As in PennJylvaiiia there arc three places
caHed Hanover } one in York county
where a poft-office is kept, one in Dau-
phin, and the other in Luzerne county.
When a letter it deftined to a plaoe
where no poli-office is k«pt. the nearcft
puft office ihuuld be mentioned. If tlw
^laoc
JCtt.
It
Ui
IS
he
'in
hit
place it not on a<poft*r<ad, and it it wifli-
•d chat the poft • matter ihould forward
the letter by private conveyaBce^ that wifli
fhouki be cxpreflcil on the letter, and the
pottage fliould be paid at the office wiien
the letter is entered.
When letters are deftined for Canada
or 14ova- Scotia, between which and the
United States there is a regular commu-
nication by poA, the poilage mutt be
f>aid in advance at the office where thp
ietter it entered, Co far at Burlington,
Vermont, in one inftance, and Brewers,
Maine, in the other inftance.
When letters are lent by pott to be con*
veyed beyond lea, the pottage muft be
Eaid as far as the po(t-office where the
;tters are intended to be fliipped. The
poii.mafter there will forward fuch kt>
ters by the firft conveyance.
The pott-office does not infure money
•r other things- fent by jpoft ; it is alwava
conveyed at the rifle or the perfon who
fends or rcq,uires it to be fent>
No ttage owner, or driver, or common
carrier may carry letters on z> pott-road,
excepting only inch letters as may be
for the owner of fuch conveyance and re-
lating to the fame, or to tlie perfon to
whom any package or bundle in fuch
conveyance is addreffed.
When letters are delivered by a pott-
rider, he is entitled to two cents for each
letter, in addition to the pottage.
FREE LETTERS.
The following perfons have a right to
frank their own letters, and receive thofe
dfre^ed to them free of poitage : The
Prefident and Vice-Prelident of the
United States, Secretary of State, Secre-
tary of the Treafury, Secretary at War»
Pott.Mafter General, Comptroller, Re-
gitter and Auditor of the Treafury of
the United States, Commiffioncr of thr
Revenue, Purveyor, Aeconnptaat of the
War- Office, and Affiftant Poft-Maftcr
General { the Members of the Senat*
and Houfe of Reprefentatives of tk«
United States, and the Secretary of th»
Senate and Clerk of the Houfe of Rehi
preieotatives, during their a£kual at-
tendance on Congrcfs, and twenty dayt
after the dole of the felTioo, when their
letters do not exceed two ounces i»
weight, and the Deputy Poft-Mattera*
when their letters do not exceed half a*
ounce in weight. No perfon may frank
other letters 'than his own. If letters
are inclofed to either of the defcriptioft
of officers above named for a perfon wlw-
haa not the privilege of franking, h«
muft return the letter to the poft-offioct
marking upon the letter the place front
. whence it came, that the poftmafler ma/
chatige pottage thereon.
Thediftances in the Table are tsJceqi
chiefly irdm the informatics 'j^ * ongreft,
and ot Pott-Matters living n <outes|
and it is prefumed that tney 41 . pretty
generally accurate.
ABRAHAM BRADLEY, jum.
Clerk in the General Pott*
Office, Philadelphia.
Novimber z, 1796.
Note. The diftances are calculated
by the pott route on which the mails ai«
ufually carried.
STATEMENT
imv etm- m mmmmmmrmK
■TAtEMENT OF THE CLAIMS UPON
THE GEORGIA WESTERN TERRITORY.
A SUMMARY STATEMENT of the Claims of the State of Georgia,
and of the United States, to the GEORGIA WESTERN TERRI.
TORY ; and of the Arguments adduced by the Purchafcrs of a part of
this Territory, to invalidate thefe claims ; particularly to fuch parts aa
arc covered bv their purchafes ; rollefted and ftated with impartiality
firom various authentic printed manufcript documents.
[TbefoUowii^ U referrtd to at the chfe of the artirle Georgia Weftern Territoryj
'which fee.'\
I. fTPHE State of Georgia fay, that " the unappro]^riated territory," ufually
X conlidered as within the limits of the State of Georgia, or the traft of
country n»w diftinguiftird by the name of the Georgia Weftern 'Territory^ is their
property, and that they have « not only the right of pre-emption, but alio of ex-
celling all territorial rights/* i. Becaufe, by the 2d and 9th articles of the con-
' "■Motion of 1781, the territory within the limits of each of the United States is
cc.:<irmed and guaianteed to each of them refpe^ively. %, Becaufe the bounda-
ries of Georgia, as eftahlilhed by the treaty of Paris, of 1783, and by the conven-
tion of Beaufort of 17S7, include this territory ; and the 6th artirle of the Federal
Conftitution, by the fpirit and meaning of it, confirms thefe limits. And, jdfy,
Becaufe the United States, by accepting a cefllon from N. Carolina, of her Wfffccn
Territory.* T> his claim of Georgia the purchafers accede; upon this ground
thefales were ma > to the refpe^live companies in 1795, and on this ground the
purchaftrs refted rh. validity of their elaim.
But the Slate of Georgia now reclaims that part of her Weftern Territory fold
according to the aft of her kgiflature, of Jan. 7, 1795, alledging that the aft au-
thorifing the fale, is contrary to the 4th article of the Conftitution of the United
States) repugnant to the i6th and t7;h feftions of the firft article of the conftitu-
tion of Georgia, and was moreover obtained by means of " fraud, atrocious
fpeculation, corruption, and collufion." Hence, by an aft pafTed Feb. 13, 1796,
the above aft ot Jan. 7, 1795, was *< declared null and void, and the grants, rights,
ami claims, deduced from it, annulled, and rendered void and of no efteft."f
In aofwer to the above ftated claim of Georgi^i, it is contended by the pur-
chaiers, i. That the repealing law of Georgia is merely void, and leaves the title
of the purchatiers where it found it. If corruption, they fay, did exift in the legif-
hture which made the fale (wliich is however ftrenuouily denied) it is very quef-
tionable whether it can ever be alleged, asa contraft cannot be repealed, like other
a£^« of legiflation } and as the fupreme power of a State, as fuch, cannot be ac-
countable to any other conftituted authority j for that implies a fuperior tribunal.
By this, however, is not meant that the wrong done cannot be individually prole-
cuted for corruption, though the State may be bound by the Tales. If the allega-
tion were, fay they, that the legiAature were deceived by the purchafers, the grant,
like that of an individual, unfairly obtained, would be void on proof of the fraud :
but for a iegiflature to allege its own criminality and corruption, to avoid its own
grant,
* Sueharethe grounds of clnim atledgcd by Georgia to her Weftern Territory, in her K€l
•f Jan. 7th, 1 79$. Othfcr and ftronger ground Teems to have been taken by the ^urcluUrs
•ad Uicir agents, which will he fcen in the fcijuel of this ftiiten.cnt.
f AA of do. Feb. 1^, 1796.
it I
(art of
UtS 33
tiality
ftratit, it tmly novel ; and, in point of principle, there {« no difTerence betwerti dir
fnme and a preceding Irgiilature. But if corruption of this kind can make void-
the grant, at lenft it ought to be provi d } and that too in a court competent to
weigh the evidence, and decide on the faA t in other werdi, it it a judiciary quef-
tion, triable only in a j«idiciary court, and being a queftion of fa6l, muft be tried
by a jury. The iegiflature, therefore, having no authority in thit cafe, thit es«
aminatiun and decifion can be confiJered no othrrvife than at mere uTurpationr
and void. And perhaps in juftice to the purchafers, it ought to be added, that
the depoiitions taken by the committee of the Iegiflature (tlioutfh taken ix partt,
and under a ftrong bias of party) do not contain much clear evidence of fraud.
It is alio faid by the purcliafers that even if there had been fraud, and that fraud
might be alledged to de(troy the title of the original purchufers who were privy w
it } yet that innocent perfons having piirchafed, utterly unacquainted with tlie fafts^
and living in remote parts nf the United States, their title could never be contro-
verted ; that it was enough for them to know that a legiflative aA, granting the
lands, had paflfed ; and that they were ignorant of any fraudulent praAices.
With regard to the allegation in the rep:aling a6t of Georgia, that Tales wer#
•gainft the conftitution of the United States, and that of Georgia, it does nut ap-
pear to have been treated as having any foundation ; it has been called a naked af-
i'ertion without any reafoning to fupport it. It has been faid that ev ry State in
the Union, having unappropriated lands, hasdifpofed of them through themediunt
of legiflative a£^s, and their validity has never been queftioned ^ iuuugh there is no
peculiar diiference in this relpeft between the conftitution of Georglu and thofe of
the other States. In ihort, it feems to be generally agreed amon^ the informed
part of the community, that, whether Georgia had caufe of complaint on account
of unfairnefs in the fales, or not, the repealing law muft be conliercd as a ** con-
travention of the firft principles of natural juflice and policy,"* and void,
II. The claim of the United States deferves more particular attention. Various
grounds have been taken to fupport this. It has been intimated, rtther than af-
H-rted, in a Report of the Committee of the Senate of the United State8,f that bf
the proclamation of the Britifh King, of OSi. 7, 1763, all lands lying weft of the*
he^dsnbf the rivers which fa>ll into the Atlantic Ocean, were taken from the colo-
nies, and fo remained with American Independence, and then became the property
of the aggregate body politic of the United States, as they were not wuhin the
Kmits of any particular States.
This, it is faid by the purchafers, is bold ground, and it oppofed not only to
all the meafures and opinions in Britain and America, while we were colonies, but
alfo to the whole courfe of arrangements fmce our independence. It prove* too
much to prove any thing. The argument deftroys itfelr; for if this be true, all
the lands c.ded to the United States by Carolina, Virginia, and every other Stat«
ceding weftern lands, belonged to the United Scates witliout ceifion. Some of
the beft counties of Virginia now belong to them ; the Conne^icut Referred Land,
is theirs ; the whole States of Kentucky and Tenneffee are theirs 1 The confe-
quences, fay they, are too wild to fuffer the principle to be admitted. Nor do the
words of the proclamation warrant the conftru£lion. The Governors of the coio*
iiies are thereby only forbidden, "Jor the prefent, and until the King's Jmrtbir
pteafure Jbould be knowut to grant warrants of (urvey, or pafs patents for thofe
Jaiid!>."| And the reafbn is given by the Proclamation, viz. That the fevcral
tribes of Indians living under the king^s prote£l:ion, " ihould not be molefted or
difturbed in the poflldion of their himting grounds." Inltead of a permanent al-
luurationof the boundaries of the colonies, a temporary prohibiticm to theGovemora
to grant thoie weftern lands, is alone to he found in the Proclamation { and the
ebjefi, viz. peace with, and juftice towards, the Indians, required no more. And
another fa£l i«:ems to pitt this matter pa(t all dovibt ; the boundaries of the colonies,
as exprefled in the commiflions of the i'everal Governort, were uniformly the fame
after the proclamation as before.
Otberi,
* See " The cafe of the Georgia fales on the Mi(1!i(ipp!» eonfidered" hy Mr.Harges*
And Mr. Hamilton's opinion on thit cafe, printed at the c^ofe of this pamphlet*
f Sec this printed report. | See the proclamation.
•■npHtiHim"
111
r «H 1
OtlMn» in rupport«f the claim of the United Statei, tiare Aitd, tfiat tht eriffinsA
diarter of Georgia did not inrlude the lands lying fouth of a line projeAea due
iweft tram the head of the moft fouthern ftream of the Aiatamaha river t— that thia
ftmuD it the Oakmiilgce river, and that its moft fouthern head ii probably about
^** '33* 30» N. It ii further faid, that no t& of the Britifli government ever enlarged
the colony beyond it« original chartered limits, except the Proclamation of 7th Oa.
S76}| and that this annexes the lands berwcen Aiatamaha and St Mary, no fur-
ther weft than fheir heads }■— therefore it is concluded that the whole weftern coun-
tiy claimed by Georgia, except fo much thereof as lies north of a due weft line fiom
the head of the Oakmulg^e, never was v/ithin the colony of Georgia.
' To this it is anfwercd, by the advocates for the title of Georgia, that thechar-
■* of Carolina, granted in 1662, extended that country as far fouth as the )ift de •
[ceof N. lat. and as far weft as the Wtftern Ocean. That after the diviiion of Caro-
na into two colonies, S, Carolina had the fame fouthern and weftem limits.—
That the furrender of the charter by the proprietors of Carolina, only reftored the
fnpertv to the crown, but did not annihilate the colony, which is evidtnt from a
K>yal Governor being immediately appointed, who, by his commiflion, is made
** Governor of our colony of S. C'trolina," without any fpecific boundaries ; which
ineKnt a trafl of country bounded as under the proprietary government, or it meant
itothinB.->-Thav on the 9th of June, 173a, the colony of Georgia was carved out
•f S. Ourolina) but all lands lielonging to S. Carolina, Aiall continue to belong
there, except that which was contained in the charter of Georgia } and of cuuile
the land lying fouth of the fouth line of Georgia, at, far as the 31ft degree of lat.
ilill belonged to S. Carolina, which is evident from common fenfc, as well as from
the fa£l that the Governor of S. Carolina made grants of lands foutli of the colony
•f Georgia in 1763 ^ which, though highly oifenfive to the boa'-d of trade, wer*
at length admitted to be legitimate. It is further faid, that the Stnte of 3. Caro-
lina, in 1788, by folenin legiflative aft, ceded to Georgia all her right to the lands
in queftion, by ratifying the article!) of the Convention of Beaufurt, agreed upon
"between the States ol S. Carolina and Georgia; and that the lands became thereby
Wiqueftiooably the pi'operty of Georgia.
Other anfwiL'is have Veen made to this ground of claim by the United States ;
ibch as that the true intent and meaning ot the Proclamation of 1763, was to an-
nex the land in queftion to Georgia, and that this v :,9 confidered as the faiSl by the
JBritifli government; and if the communication fronn Mr. George Chalmers, the
certifying officer of the board of trade, to the Attorney-Genera! of the United
States, is to be relied on as an authority, this is true. It has aifo been anfwered,
that the Oakraulgee is not the moll fouthern ftream of the Aiatamaha, but Phen-
halloway's Creek, which heads in lat. 31 nprth ;* fo that the whole of this iand
was ftric)ly within the original chartered limits of Georgia.
Other advocates for the claim of the United States, have faid, that at leaft this
claim it good from the 31(1 degree of lat. as far north as a line projeAcd due eaft
from the confluence of the Miihfippi and Vazoo rivers.
The foundation of this aflertion is tliis. The board of trside, in 1764, repre-
fented to the king, that it was expedient to extend Weft- Florida as far northward
ns the above-mentioned line, and adviud that a proclamation might ilTue for that
purpoie. No fuch proclamation however, was made; but fevers! fubfeqiient corn*
mittions to the Governors of Weft Florida, bounded the colony of Weft Florida,
uonliwanl by that line; and in vhis (late the matter rtfted until the independence
of the United States. Hence it is argued tliat this land, being a part of Wtft-
Florida in 1783, when the bounds of the Unired States were fettled by treaty with
Great>Bri;ain, couKl not belong to Georgia; but being within no particular State*
it became the property of the United States.
To this the purcalers have aniwered. That the proclamation of 7th of Oftrber,
J 763, was a folemn public atl, and eflabliftied the loutheni boundary of Weft.
• It appears by a manuftrlpt mnp, in the office of the Secretary at War, taken under the
authority of the UnitcJ States, th?t i'henhalloway's Creek forks at a fuull cliftance from its
entrance into the Aiatamaha : and th it each ftreiim runs about thii:y miles from its head to
tJTc fork, the head of the lo«the;n ilrcam being about the moft northerly part of the jift
degree of Utitudc.
rrom a
made
Iwliich
t ^^5 3
f Jvfuhi at the t« ft define of lit. ind that the comniiflTton of a Governor/ %king
inferior in folemnity and puMicitv, could not abrogate it.»That tl)c rMiibli
why no proclamation wat mM\e, probably waa, that the luppofeil faft on which thft
cxpiediency of the alterarioD wsh preJic>i(id, tut not knoyt") to exilt) and fbM i«
the coinnulfiona theinfcWet are woitit leading to a belief that it wia confidrred onlir
M a temporary arrangement. The fa^l ia. fay they, that ihia ntatter wat wh<'"y
founded on a grols mifrfprtientationolilia Governor ot Fbrida, who reprclentnl
to the board of trade, and ihey to the kHi|^» that the lift degree of Itt. ttf/Mb
of the town of Mobikle. It la nearly certain that the Britifli govcrttment did mC
confider this at a permuiient aUeratioti (xn the northern boundirv of W. Florida |
for no reafon can be given why, in the p«-ace of 1783, they l^kotkl tcdc tw tJ*
CTnited States, without any equivalent, fofrcat and valuable a part of ,W. FlorklUt
which had never Joined in the t evolution 1 elpecially oonfidering that on the Anft
day on which uurtreaiy wiili Biittin beara date* Ate reded W.Florida, withovf:
txnind*, to Spam ; thuk on the iUmeday ceding the lime territory to two differed
nation!!, if it wa« then a part of W. Florida. i
Other objr-Aiont have been tuged againll the claim of the United St«tee» which
apply to all the grotindi of claim above mentioned. It hat bcnii Tatd by tile pur»
cluiiirs and ihcir agents, th)t the moti lolemn afili of the tbtx-e nations who fiAvt
been imnicdutcly interelted in the qitcfttun, have, for a lon<; courfc of ycarst Nt
eognized the title of Georgia, vz. Britain, Spain, and the United State*.
Britaint as has been mentioned, n^ro^nized this title, bv the peace of i;^]*
The general principle on which ttie boundaries of the Uni;ed Stales were thcneftit«>
'blifht^, was, tliat the former thirteen colonies were to be acknowledged a* Indfe^
pendent States by Britain ; and confequently the bound* ef the colonies were to be
>the bounds of the States. It cannot l>e pretended, thntthe laitd in queftion wa4
within any other .colony th.-rn that of Georgia or South Carolina) and| afe haa
been mentioned, South-Carolina has ceded all her right to Georeia by the conveti*
tion of BcMufort, 1737 ; and it is incredible that Britain Ihoulathen confidcr the
Jnnd as p:irt of Weft-Florida { for then, without motive or realon, (he gave to the
United States the belt part of a colony which had cholen to remain UniicL- her
allegiance.
Spmu has recognized the tit lie of Georgia by tlie late treaty made between heir
«nd die United Siates ; for if the land was, in 1781, a part of Florida, Spain had
an equal right to it with the United State* \ Great- Britain having ceded it t« both
iiation* on the fame day. But Spain has given up all claim to the United Stiitcl
without any equivalent. This was done on the eKplicit repreientation on the pctrt
of our government, Hril by NfelTr^. CarHiichatt Vft^ ihmrtt and afterwards by Mi's
^iHckiteyt under exprefa inftiu^lio.^s from the Supreme Executive of the United
States, toclaint the lanJ as a-pat^t ofGeer^ria ; »nd thefc inftruflions were tlie reittit
ef an' elaborate inquiry by Mr. Jefferfm, tben Secreta: y of btate^ as appears hf
•his report to the Executive on the tubje^L. Indeed, Sp:iin n<^ver claimed the land
as a part of Wift-Florida, but fet up a. frivolous claim by eonqnefi. And it haa
becu addedj that as the ceflion of this country frorin Spain by tliu \»r. treaty, wat
obtained by a repiefentation from the United States* that it wa< a part of Georgia^
Spain is not in honour bound by this article ot the treaty, if the fail was not ib^
if the land did indeed belong to her own province^f Welt-Florida.
The Govermnent of the United States, it is iaid, has fur a long courfe of years
acquiefced in, and by many public a£ls acknowledged the title ot Georgin, fo as
tu bar all claim, even if the title of the United States were otherwili: valid. As a'
|>iinciple to govern in this cafe it ie ftated, that in courts of equity it haa been
cftablilhedj *' that the trui: owner of land (hall be hound by a lale of a ftranger
who has no title, if the owner fuffer the fale to go on by an innocent purch.T'tr,
without giviitg notice of his title when he has it in his power j and that the cate ia
iniuch ftrongei' againft the owner wiieu he has gi^en a colour of title to the ieller,
and thus hel|ied to deceive the purchafer." As f.i£)s falivng within this principle it
has been ftated, i.. That the goveminent of the United States inftru£led their com-
iniHioners for making the peace of 17S3, to claim this land .as belonging to
£ieorgia> and this appears by the Jonrnils of Congrefs, iii the fullett manner.
Kr . ». That
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PhotDgraphic
Sciences
Corporation
33 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80
(716) 872-4503
\'
i
1H, Thit attempts were made by the United 'Statf a to obtain a eeffion ^ tbit lani
fraoiQaorgia, and a confidcration offered (or it, without any intimation that th«
Vniifdfitaflea had a claim. %. That the coivention of Beaufort, by which the
coaAftinf chima of S. Carolina and Grorgia were amicably fettled, waa condu^.
«d under tba aufnices of the United States ; the qneilion having beeq fobmitted to
• MtMrtapipointtd byCongrefs to try it, aecoiding to a provifion in the former
'iOnfadctaiiOTi of the United States. 4. That i» 1789, the government of the
Vlikad States feted to Spain, ilx^tbe gitrand of the claim of the American govern*
MMtt^ithat this territory belonged to Georgia by virtue ot hrr charter and the
vradaMntion «f 1763. 5. That in the negociation which preceded the late treaty
Mtwmi the United States and Spain, Meflir*. CarmkhmasoA Short, American
«MMBiflioHerSj by txpreft inftruftions from the Supreme Executive of the United
'fiatia, aflcrtad tm fa>oe thing as the grouiid of the claim of the American govern-
JMiit { and that even after the exifting fales of this territory, and after the fame
iMd been olSeially communicated by the government of Georgia to the Prefxlert of
the United States, and by him laid before Congrefs, Mr. Pitukniy, our late envo^
fothe court of Spi^n, who nq^ociated the late treaty exprefsly declared, in kis
«ileial cemmnnication, (bat the claim of the United States was founded on the
ftiA, that thit coiintry was a part of Gcbi^ia, and this too purfuant to exprefs
Mfaniftiona iivm the American Executive.
Thcle have been urged as public aAs of the American government, giving ftr ng
eotour of title to Georgia. Others of aconiefcence in her title by the United States
lislrejbeen added. Such as the filence of the general government when, in 1783,
Georgia paflcd a legiflativc aft, declaring her title to this countnr, and taking
meafurea to fettle it. Alfo, when in 17S5, Georgia erefted part of this tenrit^ky
kito a cmmty by the name o( Botuion, and appointed Magiftrates there, and pro*
«|ded for the fbrther lattlement of it } and alio, when, in 1789, Georgia pafled an
ba for the fide of the now controverted lands to certain compianies, who after failed
•f complying with-ttie terms of payment.
It has been faid, by the pnrchalcrs and their agents. That it would be indeli-
catCr at kaft, for the government of the United States to hold fuch language as
this t ** It is true, we repreiented to Great- Britain that this land belonged to
Gcorgiit and obtained a ceffion from her on this ground.— It is true, tluit we
claimed it of Spain on the fiune ground far yeiirs together, and at laft on that ground
•btaintd arelinauilhmcntof her claim \ but we faifified, and they were cheated.^—
It ia true, we ciaiimcd it in behalf of Georgia $ but having obtained it, we will
keep it ourfelvea.—It is true, we declared by many public and folemn afts,- that
tbCthle of Georgia was good, and thereby induced a great number of American
citi3eiia<ropurchaie and rifl- :A\ their property in the enterprizej but we will now
afliart oar claim, Mtd deftroy them for being weak enough to believe ua: and it is
ime, it has long been fettled, that the principles of juiiice forbid individuals from
doinc thus t but we are above the rules of joftice."
'■ The forcffoing is as clear md impartial a view of the confliAing clnms to the
Otargia W^ftm ttrritttry^ as the author could coUeA from the various documents \
in his pofliafion. Thefe documents do not furnilh an anfwer to the foregoing rea-
fiining agamft the claim of the United States; nothing, except what has been aU
Icdged, having appeared on that fide of (he queftion.
FACTS
lit lani
h«tth«
i<h the
ittedto
former
of the
I fa7 1
FACTS AND CALCULATIONS
RBSVECTINO TMl
POPULATION AND TERRITORY
OF THE ,
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
ienvoir
in his
SECTION I.
OF THE POPULATION OF THB VNITBD tTATCt.
IT is well known that, about a century ago, the country which now compofet
the United States of America, contained but a few thoufand civilised inhabi-.
tants ; and that now, the lame country contains four or five millions.
But the caiiles of this vatt increafe of nuoihers feenci not to 'iM equally well
unierftood. It is believed that many perfons ftiil fupjtofe the population of Ailitt>
rica to be chiefly indebted for its growth to emigrations from ocher conntnc* )
and that it mult become ftationary when they cealb to take place. Some fa£ks
and calculations vyill be here let down, to afcertaun the ratio of the natural
increafe of tlie inhabitants of America, and to Aew that the great progrefs of
wealth and population in that coimtry is chiefly .derived from intetiui^ caiil'es, and
of xourfe, lei's liable to interruption from withoi^t.
The higheft eiiimate that is recolle6ied of the number of inhabitants removing
to America in any one year, fuppoie^ the number to be 10,000 (i). If tlw fame
number had removed every year fince the firft fettlemcnt of the country, it would
make the whole about 1,600,000. But it is to be remarked that this cftimate
was made for a p'eridd when emigrations werp unufually numerous^^that during
the many years of war winch have taken place, they have been veiy few ; and
that in former years, wlien the number of emigrants was complained of 4<f ^1*
tvilt it was not reckoned lb high {i). \Ve may therefore fuppofe that 5,000
perfons per annum is a liberal <iliow»nce for the average number ot perlbns remov-
ing to America fince its firll iettlement. This, in the year 1790, would amount
to 800,000 perfons.
At the end of 1790, and beginning of 1791, there were enumerated in the
General Cenfus, the number of 31993141a inhabitants (3). A>. fome places
were not enumerated at all, and fi-om others no return was made, there can be
little doubt but the a61ual mimber then was ibmething more than 4.,ooo,ooo.
Suppofing them to have increafed, fd as to double their numbers onCe in twenty
years— then, in the feveral preceding periods of twenty years, fince the year
1630, the numbers would (land thus :<mm
At the end of 1790
- 1770
1750
»730
1710
■^ 4,000,000
— 2,i000,009
■- 1,000,000
— 500,000
— » 50,000
At the end of 1690 '— — 115,000
1*70 — - 6z,5oo
1650 3it>50
1630 ■ 15,6x5
— -htit as this lall date reaches back to the infancy of the firft fettlements in North
America,' it can hardly be iuppoi'ed that they contained fo many as 1 5,000 inha-
(i) Cooper's Inform.
{z) Duuglas'6 Summary, Vol. II. p. 346.
{3) See theCenfus of 1791. '
R r 1
bitantv.
In
ticmt»k It followst Hiettibrei thu they nraft have doubled tliair mmBera ofttmer
than once in twenty years ; that it, that they mu(t have inereafcd falter thin at
the rate of 5 per cent, compounding the increafe with the principal at the end of
everv twenty ^'^MY.*
To deteitnine how. Far thil ratio of increafe is jnftSfled' by other ft£t«, fome pain*
have been taken to afcertaln and compare the number of inhabitants at four dif-
ferent periods, viz. I75o^ 1774, 1782, and rj^f- The following cftimate has
been formed < f thofe mintieri 9b«uit the year ijsoi.
(i^- 175 If Maflachufetts contained — •— — < soo,ooa''
Cmmefticut, — — — — ■ " ioo,ooa
4«) llhodfc fflandv — »*-r — •«— soiOOO'
New Httmpfliitt, ___ ii ' ' "> ' '■ a4,ooo.
(3) In 1756, one account fays New York contained — > ioo«t}oo
(4.) Another, -i— - ■ " — — — 96,775
In 1750, Aippofe thereibre it contained — — — 90,00*
In 1745, New Jerfey cMitainqd -^— . — — 6i»403
In 1750, fuppofe therefore — — — — — ddtoo*'
Js) In i7lto, inPevtigrlvamatheTaxableswere -*->^ tf,Mj
In 1793, Ditto 9»i»Z7/
By a conjeAural nropwtion, therefore, the number of Tax<f
ibies in 1791 muft nave been about 86,000. Then as 8S,ooo
U to 434*373 (the number of inhabitants in 179O ib is 3 1,^167
to 15^9,945, the number of 17^0, which fubftia^ed from the
Cenfiis of 1 79 1,' gives an increafe of «74,4£8 for thirty years, l
of^hich one-third part, or 91,379 is the mean increafe for ten
years ; but fuppoiing the increafe for the ten years previous to,
1760, to have been but 70,006, there will retrain for the whole
i)umber in 1750, — < — S^t94S,
Delaware. — Suppofe in the fiune proportion to ita prefent
numbers as Pennsylvania, — — ■■ it^ftt^
(;6) 1751, or 175a, in Maryland the Taxables were — 40,pott
Taxables areunderftoodto be all white men above i<6 years
of age, and idl black peribns from 16 to 6o^~fay theii<
that to every
joo white malei above 16, there are.
xoo ditto below ditto, and
soo white.femaies of all ag«— *
. aoo blacks from i C to 60 j and.
too' of all other ages 1
(7) Total !ioo of which 300 are Taxables ; then, a*
300 is to Soo, (o is 4p,00Q to " ■ 106,6166
fiut as in tliofe States the number of blacks is to that of
whites only as. 10 to 11, dedufl tht-refore i-szi' part of
this number — — ■ " » — — 4*i*i
(8) 1750 in Virginia, TytHeables were — — • 100,000
Then by the fame rule as before, as 300 is to 800, ib is
— - a66,666>
~ 1 2^1 11
IW.S45<
IOQ,00O to — r— ■ I
!I>edu& in the Ame proportion as. foil Maryland.
«S+.5*5
Carvied-over 969,259;
(1) Doug. Sum. Vol. II. p. 186 — Smith'^ WXtt of New York, p. %%$.. M Morfe'»
Otog. tap, that in 1748 Rhode Ifland contained 34>i28. (3) Smith, p. 225. (4) Morfc's
Ccog. (OCoxc's View, p. 481. (6) Douftliiii, Vol. li. p. 363, (7) Jcfferfpr,p. 129,
CSWefferfolv'c Kotes, p. i'22.
The.
,0
Brought over
tht numbers of the foUewIiig States muft be fupplial
iQ • gvrat neaCtwe* firoro cmi^Aure i
1 710, In North Carolina, the whole number of
mhabitantB — -i. — — .*.
17 ^, Supu^e oBf .chml of the incrcafe fece tf 90
South CaroVuia. — Suppofe in the fame ratio to ita
prefent numbers a* North Carolina
Georgia. — The fettknient of it th«t» but lately
coanaeiteed: iuppofeithad
•^ 0f>«5f
— tty,Mm
— .^ . mm. Jbjoeo
""• ""• ■ *•• *"**■ W9i0O&
About 1750.— -Total of inhabrtantata the Tbirtecn-CaioiMC* -^^ >>'75b*l9
1790.-— Whole nQiBb«:r IB the Thirteen States — — 4,0O(^e«»
Being about j.^-to times the number of Y750. if this increaic be eomfMMiid m
the manner of Ample hitereA».tt affbrda a ratio of $,^9, or very nearly fiy ser cent,
or in the manner of compound intereft of between three and direc and a naif yier
cent. Any numbec increafed in the compound' ratio of riiree per cent, per an-
num, is doubled in about twenty-three years and a: half,, and' at three ^nd a half
per cent, in about twenty years {. that is, it is e^'al to&ve per «<Dt» fimpltfincrcale
for the fame period.
The next period which will be adverted to^ is the year 1774*
An able and ingenious author (i) who was very thoroughly converfimt iff Cel»>
nial Affairs, fuppofes, that at that time, the whole nmnber of Cokniftst cou^d^ Mt
oxceed s,r4.f ,307. The difference betwee» this number and that of i7'so, gi^ct
a compound increafe of hardLy three per cent, while the fobfeqtKMt rario, Wjf td
^790, is more than four per cent» per annum. Thefs di&reM rate* of tnciiral«>«,
while they confirm the general principles here contended for, nuty lead' Jo a fufpl
cion that Governor Pownal'a calculation is too low), or what pe«telps< is- Aort pco
bable^ that the foregoing tftimate for 1750 is- foniewbat too high.
In 1782, a return was> made to Cmigrefsof the inhabitanta^tn the
fisvei'al States y by which there appearra to be
This return was then believed to be accurate,. £or it was made the
rule for tlie aileflhient of pubUe burthens among the States'. But ut
X784, the accuracy of it wa» attacked by Lord Sheffield, (i^wbo af- <
firmed it was too great. If it was in faA as much too great as he
fuppoled^ then the increafe of numbers from that time to 179P muH
have exceeded all credibility. But allowing it to hare been accurate,,
iiie difference between the number of — Z790 — — 4,000,0001
And this number of — — jyla — — • **ii$i^yt<y
Is — — — .— ,,-. .. ^r. ' — j,6i9»7«o
From this dedu61 for emigrants, viz. '
io,coo. emigrants per annum, for nine years. — > 9e>oo»
Increale of ditto at five per cent, tor four years and
one half — — *f~
ipco-
— >i$Sf>SM
— 20^050
iio,a5»
Natural increafe in nine years .»■ ^. — — > 1,500,4501
Which calculated upon the number of inhabitants returned in, i7Sa, gives the
aftonifliing natui'al tnci-eaf'e of 6.97, or very nearly feven'per cent, per annum.
From tTieTt flatements compared with each other, it appears that in the yeat
T790, tiie a6lual increafe of inhabitants in the United States, beyond the number
ever iniporttd, muft iiave been 3,200 tooo, or after the muCt liberal allowances, at
leaft three millions. That the whole rate of increale upvn the numbers at any>
l^iven period has be.-n more than five percent, and deducing for emisrrations, that
It has been equal to about five per cent, for any twenty ytars Aicctirively, or three
and a half per cent, compound increafe tor any perioil that has yctelaplsj.
(1) Petvnal't ^emorhl, p. 6t, (a) Obfervadons, ftc.p. 139,
^Ut
■ %
' But k mav he expeAed» that no inference as to the future population ofAmcm
rica can be oerived irom thefe fafta» bccaafe as the country hccomes more thickly
ftttled, the increafe will be flower. We have an opportunity of examining what
weight the objeAion poflefles.
The Eaftem States are the moft thickly inhabited. The mater part of the
cnngraiions tram them, have been either to other State* in New England, or to
the'State of New York.
r In 1750, Nevir England and New York together contained 444,000
In 1790, Ditto — — — — — — i,34S,94s
Having more than trebled their numbers in 40 years, and increafed, during all
that period, at the rate of more than five per cent upon their original number i
wid in the compound ratio of nearly three per cent. And as many more perfens
have emigrated from thefe States than have come into them from abroad, all this,
iudfimithing Mtre, is their nutui-al increafe.
In 1750, MafTachufetts contained thirty-two perfons, and in
1790^ about Hxtyperfons to each fquare mile.
, In 1750, Connefticut contained twenty perfons, and in
1790, about fifty perfons to the fqiiare mile.
yfi),, In 1750, Rhode Ifland contained about twenty.tbree, and in
1790, about fifty-two inhabitants per i'quare mile } fo that befides the
numdrous emigrants thefe States have fent forth, they liave more than doubled
their numbers in toity years, and nearly trebled them fince they contained
twenty perfiins to each fquare mile*
, (1) Mr* Jefferfon has taken fome pains to prove that the inhabitants of Virginia
slouble their numbers once in twenty^feven years and a quarter. He aifo proves^
|>y an ingenious calculation, that '
. (a) In 1782, the numbers in Virginia were — ' •— 567,614
In 1790, the fame country (part of which made the State of
Kentucky) contained — __ — »« -^ 8x1,187
Giving an increafe of ^-fy^t or very nearly five per cent, and doubling their
numbers, not in twenty-feven years and a quarter, as Mr. Jefferfon endeavoured ,
to prove, but in lefsthan twenty oiie }'ears.
Virginia (-exclufive of Kentucky) added about i8o,coo to its numbers, be-
tween 1781 and 1790, the period when the numerous emigrations to Kentucky
cauled fo great a drain upon its population.
(]) In 1780, the number or Militia, weft of Blue Ridge, in Virginia, was
11,440, which, multiplied by four, gives for the number of in-
habitants •-i-_i_ — — — — -_ — 45,760
' In 1790, the fame county-contained '— — ■ — — 151,135
Thofe counties having nJore than tiebled their numbers in ten years.
•■- It is to be obferved that thefe fa'^s (and many more of a fimilur tendency might
be adduced) are drawn from the fonner and Itaft prolperous Hate of America,
and front periods which were either abfolutely thofe ot public calamity, or, at
heft, were not thofe of national profperity ; yet,- it is apprehended, they fufli-
ciently prove that the inhabitants of tl-.e United States increafe at leaft as faft as
at the compound ratio of three and a half pvr cent. ; that fliould foixigners cealie
to remove there, i^ ould not prevent more than one-fifteenth, or one-twenttejth of
this in-:reafe ; and tnat there are as yet no fymptoms of this rate of increafe being
at aU diminiihed by the crowded population ct the country. The United 'States
muft contain 18,000,000 of people to equal "he average of New England, and
55,000,000 to equal the rate df population in Maflachufetts and Connt£licut.
The caufes of this great increafe of population, fo peculiar to Ameriica, might
b* readily and fatista^lorily explained, by a review or the ftate of manners, Ib-
ciety, property, and government in that country.<.-The diicufiion would, how*
ever, be too long, and is therefore foreborn.
(1) Jfffcrfoa's Notes, p. 1*3. (l) lb, p. 128. (3) lb. 131.
Caicu!a!iottt
-*•
CakuJations of the frefent Nitmher tf Jnhahitants in thl
United States,
At thecmlof tbeyear 1790 — — — — 4,000,000
Incicafe- 1 yMu: at 3i per cent. — «- •. — i4o,ooo
«79«
IvcvaXc I year at %\ per cent.
— -r — 4,140,009
— — — i4««90«
i79«
Increafe 1 year at 3^ per cent.
— 4»»«4.90o
— »49»97«
1793 _ — _ , — 4}4S4i*7l
Increafe I year 3{ per cent. — — — — 155*110
1794 — — — — . 4,589,981
lacreafe I year 3 f percent. — — — — ' ' f 60,649
1795 — — — — 4*750*630
Increafe I y-ar 3I per cent. — _ — — 166,17ft
1796 — — — — 4,916,80*
Increafe i year 3I per cent. — — — — i7s,oSS
1797 — — — — 5jo88,S9«
SECTION II.
OF THB TERRITORY OF THE UNITED STATES,
TT appears from the ftatements in Sec. I. that the increafe of the inhabitants of
the United States, is in the compound ratio of about three and a. half per cent.
and that at the end of the year 1 797* their number is about — 5,088,890
The territory of the United Ctates has been ui'ually reckoned after
Mr. Hut chins, as equal to a tra£l of one thoufand miles fquare. This
computation, though probably too large, will be followed.
It gives in acres — — — — __ 640,000,000
From which, deduA for water — — — <^ 51,000,000
And there remains of land — —
Of this quantity it is V,x own that about
589,000,000
xio,ooo,ooo
are contained in the tei'rltovy north weft of the river Ohio, and is
nearly all of it uninhabited.- -Of the — — — — 369,000,000
which remain, it is difficult to form any juft eftimate as to the pro-
portion of the inhabited and appropriated parrs, to tiiofe which are
not fo.
It is, however, thought reafonable to fuppofe that, in Ameriea,
whenever any part of the country has acquired a population of
about twenty perfons to the fquare mile, or 1 50 or 100 acres to a
family, that then, the land muft there have acquired nearly the
average price of cultivated land, and the furplus population will
incline to emigrate. AfTuming this as a rule, the lands in the
United States, fo occupied, would in 1796 be •— — i $7,337,664
Remains
aji,66i,3}6
agre^t
'' ■" ' 'fflTBr'iffffU 'i wp i
. I 6li 1 ^
Brought ofrer •— tii,<$i,3}«
Igmtpwtttf wbiclrit» hi faA, InbaMted in fome i^rtM, the
nfniindJr ife &,mtAhy Statet and indtviduaJii and niuch of it not
|b lor Ale*, Add for the north-wefticnkoiy* -* — sio,ooO(Ooo
LintU of alliclndt yet to be fettled .« «. — ' 4-3i>6£«y33(
TiM increafeof the population of the United States, cklculated upon the prin-
^plpdMiiiihed ia Sec. I. will, if applied to the fettlennent of new lands, at the
ttU)(if$ltrtnty pterfonf to cach.fquare mile, or thirty- tvyo^cres each perfon^ occupy
<N'lMMlk of the United States in the proportion, and at the peiibJstoHowtng, viz.
r* *! ' W t ^
Year.
Number of in-
habitants.
Acres of land occu-
pied by the increafe.
I79«
« Y«ar*« jncreal'e
.. •797
iodo*
ito7
•e iio.
«8i7
•edo.
1827
7 do.
About 1834.
4,916,80s
5,08^,890
7»» 78,381
io,i>5,8s4
»4.*83,46i
« 8,406,1 50
5,506,816
66,<63,7fz
94»8«7.85^
> 3 3.0441704
«3*»9»9»a4*
Acres of land toiaain-<
iiig unoccupied.
431,661,336
4»6>»5S»S*?
l l ni l
359»*9»»>«*
•64.973.9S*
1 31, 9x9,148
■ I n
000,000,009
w
SECTION III.
<OT THE VAltTEOF LANDS.
IT has ufually been fuppoftd, that the great rile which bis taken fl|aee in fhe
^rthie of American lands, has been prodnceit by caprice or accident, and ngi |ic-
irived from any fa^A and certain fourccs of profit ; but it r .dllowedj that thii rife
in their value hak been conftant, and very gre;)». -"er ('.ice the firft fettlemefif ofv
the Cdonits, and during periods which were very far rrom being thofe of piiblic
jprofptrity. Without taking advantage, however, of the ptvfent favourable ftate
•of public aifiiirs, it will be attempted to fliew, by fa6ts, and calctilatione drawn
from the former, and leaft profiKrcus ({ate of the coimtry, thnt the great incrrtft
iff the vnhic of lands is derived from fixed and neceflhr)' chufes exiSiqg in the
«oimtry, and is, in a great tneafui'e, lubjcil to fti-tA>calciilatien.
The following calcolation is fouiKled upon thefe principles, viz.
%ft. It is foppoled to be proved in Sec. I. that the inhabitants of the* United
States incr«rfe in the-compoimd ratio of three and a half percent.
sii It appears from the fame ^e^ion, that at the end of the year 1796, the nimi-
bcr of inhabitants in the United States, is about 4,916,801.
3d. It appears fh)m the Itatements in Sec. II. that the quantity of vacant iandi
in the United States is about 431, 662, 336 acres.
4th. Of confe^uence, there are, in the United States, 3439 pcribns to eack
100,000 acres of new lands. . ":'.''"
5th. It is fuppofcd that newkn3a,<oli an average, are Vrorth one dollar per amj
and that iands inhaUted at the rate of twenty perfons to the fquare mile, ar^
woiih fourteen dcdlars, or three guineas per acre.
The fo^owing ftatement, therefore, (hews the increaitng value of any ioo,odd
acres (taken equal to the avei-age) upon the principle .that the increafe of 1139
f>errons may be anplied to the fettlement of it,-and that as much land as they fer-
ine, at I^XSte oi twenty perfbna to the lijiwc oaile, is worth fourteen dollars per
•crei
■Tear
t 63i i
nam-.
w
^Uli.
Increafe
Year.
End of 1796
Increare
Increafe
>797
Numl^er
of iniuibi-
tanta.
LMida Ann.
xkicuttied Iw
th* increafe
of inhabi>
tmta.
Increafe
1798
Increafe
1799
Increafe
1800
1801
Increafe
1802
Increaft
1803
Increafe
1804
Increafe
iJlOf
Increafe
t8o6
1807
x8o8
1809
1810
1815
1820
1825
1830
*M4-
1139
40
«»79
1226
4»
itf.t
44-
1306
46
«35»
47
1399
49
1448
it
H99
S»
»55»
54
1605
55
i66x
1719
»779
184.1
2186
2596
30S3
3661
4*55
Aereh.
1280
131a
»344
14Q8
14.72
150+
1568
1^31
1664
17x8
179*
1856
1920
1984
11,040
13,120
15.584
»8,7»4
19,008
Value of
looioeo Acrw
each year.
Doilari.
100,000
16,640
X 16,640
17,056
133,696
»7f47»
I5i<i68
18,304
» 69,47a
19,136
188,608
;9.55*
208,160
20,384
228,544
ai,2i6
449,760
21,632
a7»»39»
»»,464
295,856
«3»«96
3i7.»5»
341,280
366,240
392,030
535.550
706,110
908,702
1,152,894
1,400,000
Value per
Oot»j
Cri.
1
00
I
s«
1
33
..,'. I
51
■'.' I
69
i
88
%
08
% 28
;*-;-49
* 7»
* 93
•"',3r''*7
3 4<
3 :d6
3 9*
S 35
7 06
9 08
II 52
14 o
ThtjGMiit^^
insemiiy.
1. a. d.
o 4 f
069}
o y 4i
085}
o 10 3
o XI a|
o 12 a^
o 13 s|
o 1^ si
a 17 7I
040
11x9
2 o 8}
"' t' X2 XO
3 30
S»
tt
immmtm
MM
U 4
V'
{■■ «
■■•"■■* .■••■§ iii i-^ ■ :-'^'v ^. %
•r «Nr ftrtkidM^OiA «f land wt|l |« Ulte,«^fM|i|irf^ Iq
lac ft U iiiteiidrd to fkmt that th« liNMaic m tlie v;»lui of AlM^^b%ls ito
' }a Stf oMnrci like tm ^kmfmtiiiimif.0tA tlMi.#mlnf tMlf^liScn^
.^ffill^of^iiteMidaliifl^iSltj^ ^^^^ gi&tl) rile S
' l|iiM)ih|W[ 'if pt y l i iyjwlJi li| jii(fc <fw<Wii'|w y^fc'*-!' ' W0*l iwy fPy ^ o fti Bi Hrf tal ini
af^^l^okiiiMfmm^lttm^ it. AiUm'ilM thtttheiit
iMMms bcjlnff «Hitiff« of arubmctical ^leiilttion, i|re not^ bk difprovcd, ex*
c oo t ¥ f ( IUkt 9^ mm >hm^ Ajipwa^ <o w4iidi tlUy>«re foofi^i^. -
j -ft lUi;!* iiflkWiw «iilule(f» that tlie ftatciMnf !• htirtbened by the HicIhUoii
if •& t^liuyla.in fne Unileu«lat<% and of cowfe, of many mUwmairHifeh an
jiiotwir for ''" '*^*'"" * '-"'*' - --.-.. -- ■
iinttehtbe
]«,' and win not btgiR to bjefettWd fbr imny year*. It iatilercfiMia
lerate, If confidend with ref^cft i« the lands now in market.
4 1|« lofcd itt^eic ^t wkich^ Coagaei's ifclla the lands, t^ offer for fiile at two
;il^llllapdram.
f Tte aftonirainglylow prices of laMds in Amarifa, have hitherto been occafioned
1^ tbii'nint M'^apital to invtift in them. Only a few Euro|^n <ph|Htalifts have
lately vAdlerftood the fubjefl i ami nobody is ifherant of the imrocnie advintaotfa
they have derived from it. The great iihcreiM of papital.itiAinericat together
with the inveftments whi(2h Euroneans are begifitiing to make inlandtf win pro-
iMtbly raife theiV vaUit r above the rate at wnfch it has |iifivafed at ai^ Ibrmer
period. ; .. ,^'
St|$h a conclufion rertihs, not oniraturaUy, from another confideratiGii» which\v
this t*-»The price of any commodiw whatever, may beraifed in twowny8«w««itMi^
by dimiaifiiiDK the quantity for iafe) or by incrcAHnff the dcfnand. But .the.eX'^
^^nfion of fettKmcnts, and the tncrMfe of wealth and popiiiotk)n>/:fierate at oncei^
in both thefe ways, upon Amcricap lands { n6t only a|mi(ii^ins;itbe quahtjty fiu^
fale, but increallng the meapsi and ihe eligibility**! making ^wsr purctmica |in4
F >N I %
»— of IiLANDtinthePACiric Ocmm to front Timyiili^v^fftc^
^^-— of OkORCiA WtiTf RN TiliRiTOi^y «B front (?Mryi« JT/^mi V«rH!lliy ^
•cmrTT- -. r.^fr I, "i i tf n ia t, t- t'^
.HIHi ll U l l
fhc Sixth Editwn, correAcd, and greatly enlarged, with 9 copious Indes*
iui<>ne large Volume 4to. Price zl. zs. in Boardt^ with the M«pi|
, fQtvaxng acomj^tjc AUas, bound feparate, of
i NEW SYSTEM
OF
MODERN GEOGRAPHY;
Geographical, Hiftorkal, and Commercial Grammar ,
AND
PRESENT STATE OF TH&^V£RAL KINGDOMS OF TTHE WORLp.
By WILLIAM GUTHRIE, £SQ.
T^he Aftronomlcal Part
By JAMES FERGUSON, F.R.$.
Printed for C. Dilly, in the Poultry ; and G. G. and J. Robinson, Fa*
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\
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■ ••r-, '\
^_.„^ ii^.. ,,, ', ,.;v./
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UmfBD STATES OF AMERICA.
CONTAINIKO
lif #^(^ion, Qorthmmt, Agricaiturci CMmneree, ']^tilra-
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portwitififcntt which have fuecrcdcJi Biognphical AnccdotM of\
frnimnt Men ) ti^itlra pi|riitttltt D^criMion of
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tt wh'ic
pi|rlitttltt DMcri|«iOfl
KENTVCKY, THE WESTERN TERRITORY, VERMONT^
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■.■ OF THE ' ■ i. . r; ..! .•
HRlTISIf, SPANISBi FRENCH, AND DUTCH DOMINION?
AMERICA AND TffE H^EST INDUSS j
* ALSO or
B0EOf£,J^|IAVAKD AVaiCA, WITH THS NKIT DiaeLaVXftlCff.
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EOiMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY-
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