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Maps, plates, charts, etc., m^y be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included In one exposure are filmed beginning In the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent dtre fllmAs A des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour Atre reprodult en un seul clichA. 11 est filmi A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droits, et de haut en bas, en prenant Ia nombre d'Images n^cessaire. Les dingrammes sulvants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 jl^ REP Y T O A PIECE CALLEDTHE P E E C F^ OF JOSEPH GALLOWAY, Efq; By JOHN DICKINSON. ** Yes, the laft pen for freedom let me draw. When truth ftands trembling on the edge of law. Here, laft of Britons ! let your names be read ; Are none, none living ? Let me praile the deady And FOR THAT CAUSE which mnAe your fat hers IhinC, Fall by the votes of their unhappy line." ' Pope. * PHILADELPHIA Piinted : LONDON, Re-Printed for J. Whiston and B. White, mFhst-fireft, MDCCLXV» ! .V ■. ..| ..i '■> '" .r.. [ iii ] • ( .1 i>iii«i %'•' f ' f CONTENTS. Page I. 3»4 INTRODUCTION General Itate of the cafe Thcfirjl argument /or a change of government, re lating to the time^ confiderpci 5, 6, 7 Second argument relating to the time, conlidered 7, 8, 9, »o Third argument relating to the time, confidered 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 15 Conclufion of the arguments relating to the time 15, 16, 17 A general objedion againft the author's reafoning confidered i7> 18 General obfervations on the manner in which the change is now attempted i8» 19 The frjl objeftion againll the manner, &c. with the anfwer and reply 20,21 The fecond objetStion — with the anfwer and reply 21,22,23,24,25 The third objcflion— with the anfwer and reply 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 Conclufion of the arguments relating to the manner, 8cc. 30, 31 The arguments concerning the powers of reprefenta- tives to change a government, recapitulated 32 The arguments concerning a military eftablifhmenr, recapitulated 33 Perfonal charges againft the author confidered 34 The /^charge with the anfwer 34j35j36,37,38,39 a 2 The Jv C O N T E N t S. The fecctid charge with the anfwcr 39,40,41,42,43 The third charge with the anfwer 43> 44 The feurib charge wUh the anfer 44» 45> 4^' The conclufion ' . 4^ Appendix H AdvcrtUemene ^^ > ., .. . ©ar ■ir :'';f'!V;'.V''T« {\ •■^ . -i i,i.'.t it., lA . ■•!.■ Hi. :);-:*!. ■it J i-ir:!.!' i>i-,VJ. i M ' ' 1'° '• > 1 _ ,^ It >«.^ v^ w,«t M t 4 ^ ,1* 4 t N p .r./ tY/A ' ./. . 1- -f' •yn\i\ r 1/ ' « '^ » t * r a- t^, .' ,i:--;i:'J ,.-, ,^ >., ^ Oft 0, .i tvji'l :il^ I ""hfeft* Ar^tn. ••WO' .'J flint A REPI^y, [ « ] .,r t._^v..*T. .. I '#>■; J" REPLY, &c. TW O reafons induce me to addrefs the pub- lic at prefent. The one is, to clear a few plain arguments, on a matter of the ut- moft confcquence, from the objedions lately made againft them, in a piece called, Tbe Speech ofjofepb Galloway^ Efq-, ^c. The othcf; is, to anfwer the un- juft accufations contained in that piece. * To afb honeftly, and to be traduced, hath been the fate of many men. To bear flanders with tem- per, and to entertain a proper pity or contempt for their weak or wicked authors, has been the lot of few. I'wiil endeavour to imitate their example : and, by propofing it to myfelf, I hope I (hall be able fo far to fupprefs the refentment naturally arifing from a fenle of unprovoked injuries, that my vindication may be prefented not unacceptably, nor ufelefly, to candid minds. *' Could I be convinced, that men of (enfe or vir- tue would be perfuadcd or pleafed by wild declama- xion or illiberal reflexions, I might perhaps be in- ' duCed to defend myfelf, in the fame (battered (lylc and abi^(ivt language, with which I have been at- tacked : but as thefe muft always offend the wife and ^W, whofe approbation only is worth wiftiing B forj [ 2 ] for i to Mr. Galloway T refign the nndifputed glory of excelling in his favorite arts — of writing com fufedly^ and railing infolently. Presumptuous indeed muft I appear, fliould 1 venture into thefe lijis, againft a perfon who wields the weapons of wordy war — the only weapons he dares to wield — with fo peculiar a dexterity in his exer- cife, as to feel no kind of rcftraint either from fenfe or truth ; the regularity of whofe fober difcipline would prove, I prefume, too great a confinement to this advocate of /rf^J^w. " r, \ Wur.N I perceived, that Mr. Galloway was hardy enough to obtrude on the public a pretended fpeecb^ of which he never fpokc one fentence in the Houfe, 1 was not furprifed to find, that a perfon wlio treated his own charafter with fuch licence fnould not be unfparing of others. But — why he fhould engage in this prepojlerotis projedl — why he fiiould fo induftrioufly endeavour to exhibit me as a villain to my country, for fpeaking my fehtiments in that place where my country had commanded me to fpeak them — why he has wantonly wounded a man, who never defigncd or wilhed him an injury j but has always, as far as his power extended, rendered him all the offices of civility-— for what reafons, 1 ,fay, he has thus violated the laws of humanity and decency, his own heart is beft able to decide — The public, with which he endeavours to eflablifh his character by dettroying that of another, may perhaps be able to guefs ^tfecreti caufes, by which he has been tranfported into fuch unjuflifiable excefles pi rage and rancour againft /»^<^ For my part, I ihall avoid an enquiry, that would only lead me, I fear, to a painful difcovcry q{ the depravity^ to which the human mind is fubjO^> i. L ' Leaving [ 3 1 - «?)!.* Leaving then to the impartial world the judg* ment to be. pafled on Mr. Galloway^s conduft — Leaving to him tlie enjoyment oi xhc folid fatisfa£iion^ that muft arife from the meritorious exploit of Hab- bing publicly a reputation which has hitherto efcaped his in/idious atiempts^ I fhall endeavour to perform the taflt impofed on me by his cruelty, and to de- fend myfelf from thofe darts, which with unfriendly hands he has aimed at my heart. . -li When the change of our government, after the adjournment of the aflembly in March laft, came to be the general fubjeft of converlation, the import- ance ofthe meafure filled my mind with the greateft anxiety. A feyere fit of ficknefs had prevented my attendance when the refolves were paft : but I con- Jidered that, at the next meeting ofthe Houfe, the xluties of the poft which my country had adlgned me would call upon me to ad a part of more con- fequence, than perhaps would ever fall to my fhare again, in die whole courfe of my life. Mindful of the truft committed to me, I endeavoured to under- iland a matter on which io much depended. . I SOON perceived, that, if a change too place, there were two things to be wiflied for, which there ap- peared to me no probability of obtaining. The firfl, wasi that the />(?;«/ on which we lately differed with the governor, and fome others which have been earn- eftly urged by former aflemblies, fhould be deter- mined in x)ur favour. The fecond was, that our privileges Jhould be perfectly fecured. But infurmountable obftruftions feemcd to prc- fcnt themfelves, at this time^ againft thefe attempts. *' What reafonable hopes of fuccefs can we enter- *' tain, of having thefe points decided in our favour, ' , B 2 *? while !| !j M '•• [ 4 1 ** while thofe minifters who fo repeatedly and wa|;m- •* ly have approved of the proprietors infifting oa " them arc Hill in power [a] V* Our danger not only is, that thefe points will not be decided for us j but, if the proprietors, tired and incenfed, (hould think proper to furrendcr the government and make their own terms with the crown, is it not highly probable, that they have intereft enough to make the change in fucb a manner as will fix upon us, for ever, thofe demands which appear fo extremely jufl: to the prefent minifters ? Add to this, the " deplor- " able misfortune under which we now labour, of " having incurred the difpleafure of his majefty and ** his minifters." Thefe reflexions induced mc to think and to fay — that this is not the proper time to attempt a change of our government, Mr. Gallo"vay, by way of prelude to his anfwcr to thefe nbfervations, endeavours to Ihew that I have contradidted myfelf : but this fuppofed contradidioh is founded on & fuppofed conceflion, which I never made — of the necefpty of a change. My upproba- tion of a change, if we can enjoy all the advantages we now do, is called, A confeffton that a change is neceffary. But certainly it would have been more ? natural to conftrue it as it was intended, and as the \ fenfe requires — " that, ;/ we are to lofe nothing by " the change, 1 am as willing to be under the im» •' mediate government of the crown, as of the pi^o- "prietors.'\ ' ■-.■-'.•'<, ^ After- this unfuccefsful attempt to raife a contra- didion, Mr. Galloway takes the trouHe of attacking " tl)e inappofite inftance," as he calls it, relating to the duke of Monmouth. This inftance was mcntion-.i^ ed to confirm a preceding obfervation j and Mr. G<?//c«'/y, in: attempting to anfwer it, unluckily fo'^^ \i\ Speech, pag.7. \ ,,, -.■■■^ '' ' himfelfi C 5 D hitnfelf^ points out and enforces the very truth for which it was adduced. He fays, " the duke fail- *• ed i and no wonder; for he landed at a time when •* the king was fupported in the warmeft manner •* by the parliament, and no one circumftance to ** promife him fuccefs." Thus, 1 fay,—" our at- •* tempt is made at a time when the proprietors are " fupported in the warmeft manner by the crown, ** and its minifters ; and.no one circumftance to ** promife us fuccefs.'*— But, fuppofe the duke had waited till the parliament did no longer fupport the King } but, when they and the whole nation, in the iitmoft dread of popery and arbitrary power, were looking round with impatient terror for a deliverer; and when many circumftances promifed that no- bleman fuccefs ; is it evident that he would not then have fucceeded, or that he would have been taken and put to death ? Or, if King PFilliam had made his attempt before the nation was properlv alarmed, is it certain that the revolution would have been ac- complilhed with fuch amazing facility ? Rafhnefs ruined the one : Caution crowned the other. This is all, I intended to prove. t»i.- Mr. Galloway then proceeds, 2iX\(\ fuppofesy that all the determinations or the miniftry were miftakes occafioned by proprietary mifreprefentations. He t\\tn fuppofesy that thefe determinations were folely owing to the influence of two friends of the pro- prietors, lately deceafed : And laftly he fuppofes^ that now there will be a total alteration in minifterial refolutions. I These fuppojitions^ i acknowledge, are as good fecurities as any we have, that the grand points con- troverted between us and the proprietors will, in cafe of a change, be decided in our favour, or that our privileges will be preferyed. But Aiil they - feem [ 6 ] feem to be too fanguine. I^t us remember with u'hat unapffnity the miniftry at different times have exprefltd their refentment of our condufl j and that k is only guefs-work to imagine, their refolutions were dictated by two men. • ■',■' Or one thing we are y«r^— that we are in the «/« tnojl dif credit with the king and his minifters. The late refolvcs prove it. Mr. Galloway however flat- ters himfelf, " that the prejudices againft us are not ** fo incradicably fixed, but they may be eafily over- " come, and tiie province reflored to her former '* credit.'* Happy (hould I be, if I could perceive the leaft profpe^ of fo great a blefling. By what means thele prejudices arc to be overcome, we are not informed; nor can I conceive. Men of great abilities, and of the mod perfe6t acquaintance with otir public affairs, have been employed to remove the force of thefe mifrepreientations, as they are called. Mr. Franklin and Mr. Cbarkst our A^nts« ipent leveral years in combating thefc pr^udices i amd even Mr. GaUoway himfelf, as I hav« been told» - elucidated the juftice of our caufe with his itfualper- fpicuity, in rheams of writing. Yet, after all thefe great labours, his majeAy and his miniHers flill re- tained their former fentiments. Hence, I fear, that any future efforts for this purpo^, " will be fwal- ** kwed $tp^ andfacrififed (as Mr. Galhway moft cle- '* gantly cxprefles it) at ihejhrine of 'proprietary in- " firtiSiionSt and tht meafims sf power [^]." In rfiort, that they wiU be but ideal Jhadows, and chiwertcal fictions '{j;]. . . In confident expedtation of t^efe improhabiJiTies, JMr. Gallowd^ ts willing to ri^ue the perpeJuating 'ij Pretended SpeeA, — P- 77" [cj !^. What Mea c*n te formed of an ideal Jhtuh'wfaiiA Wh^t naaj be tiie meaning >f tbejmw cf th.e tneafitrci of fewer f ...jji thole V C 7 ] thofe demands, which have been conftantly made by the proprietors — at a time, when tve are certain that the crown and its minifters look on theie demands as highly juft and reafonable. One of his arguments for our riding poft in this affair is— " that there are many new colonies to •' be fettled now, and that it would difcourage tbefe *' fettlements, if our privileges were to be taken •* away." •Tis true, it will convince the emigrants, they are not to have fuch privileges as were granted to us ; or, if tftey have, and (hall hereafter petitiou for a changei that they will be taken from them. r; But this information, I imagine, will be no dif- couragemcnt. — There is not the fame [d] reafon to grant, nor to wi(h for privileges now, that exifted in the perfecuting days oi Charles the Second. Grants of land on fmall quit-rents — furnifhing the necef- faries of life for the firft outfet — bounties on labour -—and immunities from taxes for fome years— with the common liberties of other £«f /^ fubjcdts — will do the bufinefs, without the privileges of Penn- fyhatiia. , ft e. 1/ ■ % *t c« Mr. Galkway^ before he quits " this wife policy of fettling the cxtenfive newly-acquired domi- nions [tf],** as he exprcfles himlelf, takes the op- portunity of making an hifiorical flQuriflj — but un- fortunately furnifhes *' irrefragable dcmonftra- •* tions f/]** that he is utterly unacquainted with che fubjefr, on which he fpeaks. [</[ Anmlca was tken h little known, that it v^ thought the /fevereft kind of banilhment to fend people over to the colonies. M Preteiidcd Speech,— p. 68. l/J W- P^ 71* 1 Mr. I [ 8 ] Mr. Franklin read in the Houfe, a fliort ex- traft from Lord Clarendon* s life, relating to Bar- bados. Mr. Galloway catched it as it fell from the learned member, and now confidently aflerts — •* that ** the colony of Barbados had, in the opinion of the •* ablefl: coxinoW^ forfeited her charter privileges — And •* yet upon this policy only, her privileges were prefcrvcd.'" <( n He refers to Lord Clarendon* s life, for this curious anecdote. What then muft a man think of Mr. C«//(7w/zy, who looks into the book, and finds—. that the colony of Barbados did not forfeit any right — that fuch an opinion was never given — and that there is not a word relating to her charter privileges. Yet this is the truth. ^'- The fa£t was this. Charles the Firft granted the ifland of Barbados by patent to the earl of Carlifle-'-m he died— 'his fon leafed it to Lord tViUoughby for twenty-one years -, appointing him governor, and referving a moiety of the profits to himfelf— -the civil war broke out — ended — C/^-^r/fj the Second was reftored — there being eight or nine years of Lord Willotighby* s leafe to come, he prayed the king to give him a commiflion to be governor for that time — But the ifland was now much changed— ^ it was compleatly fettled during the troubles— and chiefly by officers of the king's army — fo that now it was of another confideration and value than it had been — the king's cujioms yearly amounted to a very large fum — The planters were greatly alarmed at the thought of " depending on the earl of Carlifle ** and Lord IVilloughby for the enjoyment of their " eilates, which they had hitherto looked upon as " their own [^]." They applied to the king, •* praying that they might not be oppreft by thofe [g\ Lord C/arenJon'sIAfe — vol. iii. p. 933. *< two " tl colo^ the cc Cl cc cc cc cc <c cc cc (C cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc C 9 ]• . . two lords. They pleaded, that they were th« king's fubjeds j that they had repaired thither as to a defolate place^ and had by their induftry ob- tained a livelihood there, when they cculd not with a good confcience Jiay in England. That, if tliey fhould be now left to thofe lords to ranfom them- felves and compound for their ejlates^ they mujl leave the country ; and the plantation would be dejlroyed, which yielded his majefty fo good a revenue [h]." r " ' • They further " pofitively infifted, that the char- ter granted to the eail of Carlijle was void in point of law \ and prayed that his majefty would give them leave to profecute in his name in the ex- chequer, and at their own charge, to repeal that grant ; by which they fhould be freed from the arbitrary power and oppreffion which would be exer- cifed upon them under the colour of that charter j and his majefty might receive a great ben^t to himfelf by taking the fovereignty into his own hands, to which it belonged — and in that cafe, they offered to make as great an impojition o£ taxes as the plantation would bear ; for the fupport of the king*s governor, and fuch other ufes, as his majefty fliouJd think-fit to direft [/]." Upon this the king " referred the confideration " of the validity and legality of the patent, to his " council at law ; who upon full deliberation, after *' the hearing of all parties, returned their opinion, " that this patent was void, and thai his majejly might " take the fame into his own power [^],'* not that the colony had forfeited their charter privileges. On this report, the determination was formed in the king's council. And what does this cafe prove [^] Lord Clarendon's Life — vol. iii. p. 9^4. [1] Idem, p. 93,7, [i] Idem, p. 938. C —but . i [ lO ] — but that the crown would not deprive thepr^- prietors of Barbados of their charter, though the peo- ple earncftly requefted it — though that people vere faithful fubje<5ls, who had diftinguifhed their loyal- ty by fufFering in the royal caufe — though a very great benefit would accrue to the crown — though a large falary was to be fettled on the king's go- vernor — and laftly, though the patent was abfo- lutely illegal and void. If in fucb a cafe, the needy and unprincipled Charles would not feize upon the intcrefts of the proprietors of Barbados, can it be conceived that his prefent majefty will fnatch from the proprietors of Pennjyhania, without their confent, the charter that was granted in confideration of the fervices per- formed by their brave and loyal anceflor ? I THINK, every man in the province, except Mr. Calloway, will immediately difcover whether the cafe he has quoted will ilrengthen his reafoning or mine. Another of Mr. Galloway's arguments is — that the proprietary eftate is daily increafing, and thus their influence will increafe ; and therefore they will be more likely in future, to oppofe with *' fuccefs any meafures that may be taken againft ** their opprefllon.' (C <( cc » To finifli this argument, he clofes it with an imaginary contradi5lion of mine, in my faying, " This ** is not the proper time for a change,'* and after- wards declaring, " that we are not to cxpedb more *' fuccefs, becaufe the proprietaries will nave more ** dignity, more power, and, as they will think, " more law on their fide." Mk. « «< <4 ■[ I« 1 Mr. Galloway certainly takes delight in miftakcs, or he would never have committed lo grofs an error as he has done here. I faid — it could not be ex- pefbed, that our fuccefs would be greater when our '* opponents become more numerous^ and will have ** more dignity, more power, and, as they will •* think, more law on their fide." This was in- tended to prove, that we might find it more difficult, after a change, to contend, for the prefervation of our privileges, with the crown and the clergy (the opponents here meant) than with the proprietors. But Mr. Galloway, with great addrefs, by changing the word opponents for proprietaries, creates a contra- diction, for his own diver/ton and the deception of his readers. However— let it be fuppofed, " that the pro- *' prietary eftate and influence will greatly increale, •* and that they become the richefl: fubje<4s in Eng- *' land.** I mod finccrely wifh they may, fince the [/] increafe of their wealth muft arife from the increafe of the wealth and profperity of PennfyU vania. Tliefe, I prefume, are not things to be dreaded. Our power and influence muft increafe with their power and influence— and therefore, it [/] Pretended Speech, p. 61,62. Mr. Ga/ioway endeavours to (hew, that the condudl of the pro- prietors has npt been conftantly approved by the crown and mi- niftry, becaufe five of the thirteen afts oppofed by the proprietors were confirmed.— But this oppofition, even by Mr. Ga//<nvay*s acknowledgment, aid not proceed from any private intereft of the proprietors that was affe^ed by diefe Bills. They were oppofed, (ays he, *< as in- *♦ conMent with the royal prerogative •" — And furely fuch an op- pofition could not be much difapproved of by the crown, as the miniilry have declared " that his majefty's royal prerogatives were ** not to be trufted to the feeble hands of private individuals ; who ** were ever ready to facrifife them to their private emolumc..t f ." • Pretended Speech, P..71. f Id, p. 53. C 2 feems. r lii ? t " J • ■ fcems, we fliall always be as able to cope with them, as we are now — efpecially if it be confider- ed, that 2i family is more liable to accidents, than c people. But, granting that the riches of the proprietary family fhall increafe in a greater proportion than the riches of this province — can it be imagined, that they will obtain any undue influence over the crown and it's minifters ? can it be believed, that the king and parliament will fuffcr two or three rubje<5ts to tyrannife over a dependant colony, in whofe wel- fare Great-Brilain is fo much interefted ? to reduce us to the moft abje<ft Hate of (lavery ? . The fuppofition is too monftrous to be admitted — and I fliould be furprized to hear fuch language from any perfon, but one Who thinks and writes in Mr. Galloway's Ihambling way. He \m\ Ihuddcrs ftt my faying " the parliament may perhaps be in- *' duced to place us in the fame ft ate with the royal ^^ governments^^ -^zx^A yet he fuppofes, they will tamely tolerate our being made Jlaves. If our proprietors are to become fuch great and dreadful men — if their influence is to groW fuperior to jullice and reafon — I cannot conceive how the king's appointment of governors can fecure us from them, any more than his approbation, Ie that influence fhall ever be fo exorbitant as it has been defcribed, will it not prevail in the nomi- nation of governors ? or in determining their con- duct ? can even Mr. Gallczvay thinK that the king's appointment will protect us againfl: this influence ? If he does, I will anfwer him in his own words — and, if they do not convince him, furely he will nor {ta] Pretended Speech, p. 70. .4 be r '3 ] be fo iinreafonable as to expedt, that they {hould con* vince airj one elfe. ** Let us but confider that the experience of ages •* fully demonftrates wealth to be the parent of " power, and the tiurfe of influence, and that an in- " creafc of wealth will as naturally beget an increafe " of power and influence, as an increafe of velocity *' in the falling Jlone will produce more certain «* death." * cc cc <( (C C( <c <( cc cc cc cc cc " Let us but take a view of the proprietary eftate, what it was fifty, what twenty years ago, and what it is now, and we mull be convinced that nothing canj)revent their being the richeit fub- je6ts in the Englifh nation : and therefore fubjedls of the great eji influence and power, and more likely in future to oppofe with fuccefs any meafures that may be taken againft their oppreflion. Are we to ex- pe<51: the fame caufe will not produce the fame eflfefb, and that wealth by fome magic charm in future, will, inftead of producing power and in- fluence, bring forth its contraries ? As vain and chimerical as the expe<5lation of a future Mefllah to the deluded Jews [«].'* If there is any force in thefe arguments Mr. Galloway — if property, from natural caufes produces power, and cannot fail of having this effetl: — how vain and ridiculous is it to requeft the crown — to feparate power from property [o] ? Yet this, forfooth ! is all Mr, Galloway, or the aflembly according to his ejcplanation, defires of his majefty. Certainly the meaning cannot be, that the king fhould take away their eftates from the proprietors — this would be too glaringly unjuft. What then [«J Pretended Speech, p. 57. [0] Id. p. 54. — ct alibi. can Hi. [14] can Mr. Galloway mean, when he defires " that tlio •' king rr.ay fcparate power and property," which he declares — and, with prodigious labour, drives to prove '^iufiparaileP If he means any ihing^ I Imagine, I have difcovered his meaning — and, cho* Mr. Galloway has, in his performance, faid many things that hzve/urprized me— yet this is fo fuper- latively extraordinary, chat 1 would not admit the following conftruAion, unlefs his intention was too evident to allow of a^ ' doubt. I did not think him capable of fuch defi^ns. I entertained a better opinion of Wn loyalty. In (hort, he plainly means — > as be has declared it cannot be done any other way-^ that his Majefty fhall turn Magician— and con* trive '* Tome magic Charm, whereby wealth in« " ftead of producing power and influence (hall ♦* bring forth its contraries [/>]" — their contraries I fuppofe it (hould be. This dread of future injuries beine removed-^ or at lead the vanity of attempting their removal, oii ]^r. G/iUowafs own principles, being proved— I return to the prefent lituation of affairs. It is univerfally believed, that the prefent miniflry are dcfirous of vetting the government of this pro- vince advantageoufly in the crown. Mr. Franklin has frequently faid it. If this be the cafe, how fair an opportunity is preifented to the proprietors of gratifying their refentment, if they entertain any againft the province, and fecuring their interefl at the fame time, by entering into a contraft with the crown, and fixing, by an aft of parliament, thofe points, in which the miniftry have conftantly fup- portcd them— «/>o» all fucceeding ages? Many words arc unneccfTary in fo clear a cafe as this is. Mr. Galloway allows, the proprietors have [/] Pretended Speech, p. 57. fome t '5 I fome fenfe, and that they underftand their own int tereft. The fcntimcnta of the miniflry have been declared in their favor. From thence, I think, it may be taken for granted, that the proprietors either will not confent to a change.^or that their confent will be founded on a perfect lecurity given them for their demands, which appear fo juft to the king and miniftry. What may facilitate this meafure is, the propofal of the aflembly— ** that a ••y«// equivalent be made to the proprietors f^],** tipon their parting with the government. How far thefe words may be conftrued to extend, will appear from this conHderation. With the appro- hatidnoftbe crown, the proprietors now infift on cer- tain points which, in their opinion, tend to promote their interefts. This, the authority veiled in them at prefent enables them to do. If they are divefted of this authority, without any Qipuiations for fecur- ing their intcrefts hereafter, as well as they are at this time, it will be faid that a full equivalent is not made for the power they refign. This fecurity will therefore without doubt be required — and that re- quilition may not appear fo unreafonable in Great*^ Britain as it does here. / -} ■ i- 4« . This full equivalent comprehends fomething more than the fettlement of thefe points. The govern- ment of itfelf is very valuable — and furely we (hall not defire the king to pay the equivalent out of his own pocket. If the change therefore is made, I do not queftion but it will be thought highly reafon< able — that we Jhould pay for the bleffing, which wefo earnefih/ requeft. The fituation of our affairs being fuch as has been defcribed, 1 could not perceive any necedity impelling" us to feize this unhappy period, to [f] Pretended Speech, p. 51. .■' ■ plunge m r i6 ] plOnge this province into convulfions, that mighty while (he was thus difordercd, be attended with the word confequences. A gentler remedy appeared to me a properer remedy. But here Mr. Galloway exclaims—" Shall we pa- •• tiently wait until proprietary influence (hall be at " an end ? Shall we fubmit to proprietary de- " mands ?" By no means ! What 1 defire, is, vi- goroufly to oppofe thofe demands ; and to try the force of that influence, without risq,uing too MUCH IN THE CONTEST. I THEREFORE made a propofal to the Houle, of a very moderate nature, which I had the pleafure of finding highly approved by a gentleman [r ], whofe acknowledged integrity, patriotifm, abilities, and experience will always give weight to his fentiments with every impartial perfon. The propofal was — " that we (hould defire his majefl:y's judgment, on, " the point that occafioned the late unhappy dif- •* ference between the two branches of the legifla- •• ture." By taking this ftep, we (hould have dif- covered the fenfe of the miniftry on our late dif- putes — on other important points which have been controverted With our governors — and refpe(fling our privileges. Thus we (hould have known what fuccefs would attend us in any future attempt to eflfed a change — and what method would be mod agreeable to his majefty. But, in the prefent mode of proceeding, \ve have afted with great 'Zeal, I grant — but we are quite ignorant what the event will be, and whe- ther the cenfures bellowed on the proprietors may not.be thought in Great-Britain to be aimed, through tifefftt at the king. In (hort, we embark in an en- [r] The late fpeaker, terprizc C >7 ] ■ ■ tcrprizc of the highefl: importance;. anJ tl^cn look about us to fee how it may be carried on. Indeail of wandring through a llorm in the dark, with lb facred a charge in our cuftody — I thought it would have been better to have waited, 'till the temped was a little abated —or, at lead, to have procured fome light to guide us through the llirrounding dangers. I SHALL now confidcr the manner in which the prefent attempt to change our government is made. Mr. Galloway makes this general obje6lion with great warmth to my arguments, *' that they arc con- " jedtural and fuppofititious." ///j rcfentmcnt was to be expeded. Howabfurd muft the language o^ diffidence appew to one, who never doubted — the force of his own fagacity ! 1 o ■ ■ one who, cadigated, but not convinced, by a dif- covery of his repsaicd errors, ftill dares to decide po- fitively in things he does not underftand — and drives boldly through public affairs^ like a magna- nimous hug [j], througli the blaze that has (o often fcorcht its wings — how contemptible in bis eyes, muft be the man, who modeftly purfues a train of enquiry, on the unformed events of futurity — and, in his refearches after truth, admits a pofRbility of her efcaping him i* { Mr. Galloway, with a fpirit of divination, un- affijled by the common modes of rdTfonin'^ -—■pcnctnizes into the region of ccntingcncics — and lixes with in- fallible confidence the uncertdniics of the times to come.— Far diifercnt was the method, which the humble fubje(5l of his wrath and reproaches found * i'n^ioper to purfue. Filled with anxious fears for pu! [t] ** Yet let me fi.ip this hua with mealy I'.hi^s, b 'OPH. the ■ n '8 J the welfare of his country — hefitat'ing and apprc- henftve — it was liis cndcAvour to form a [/] judg- ment of things that may hereafter happen, from an attentive cunfideration of prefent circumftances and pajl tranfa^ions -^\\\Q c>T\\y methods to be praftifcd by thofc whole difquifitions arc not aided by fnch ** adlivc blood •"«]" as Mr. Galloway's i to whom he- fit.uion appears ridiculous, and r.pprchenfion ab- furd ! And no wonder — for, if any millnke is com- mitted, all the injury that follows, is — only the triliing lofs of the Piuvileges of Pennsylvania. But, though Mr. Gallotvay pierces through fu- turity with fuch fuperior intuition, yethe is fubje(fl to a mere mortal frailty in confidering prefent things. 1 fence he confounds thole arguments I ufed with refpedt to the manner of attempting a change of our government, with the arguments I offered concerning the timet ^^^ ^o^'s not feem fenfible of his millake. Ey way of explanation and introduction to what I faid on the manner of this attempt, it was premifed — that fome event, arifing from the circumftances of the proprietary family, or an a(5t of the crown, might hereafter prefent us with a more happy me- thod of vindicating our rights and privileges than the prefent. Upon this Mr. Gallozvay very gravely runs into a calculation of the lives of the proprie- tors and their families — and proves, to his ownfatif- fatUon^ that their defcendents, even they, and every of [t] It is fomewhat remarkable, that Mr. Ga/Zeiufl)' ftiould with angcT make an objeftion to my arguments, that muft, in the opi- nion of every perfon but himielf, operate with equal force againft his own. Are not his guments " conjeftural and fuppofuitious V what proof is there, that any thing will be determined, according to his prefumptions and guefles ? [«] Pretended Speech, p. 91. them. r '9 1 . ; jhm [zv]y will always be wicked nncf ciinning. One virtue however he mud allow them, to take ofi'the force of my obfcrvation — and tint is — « »;;>/? tnt- common harmony amon^ thewfdves. Yet, after fpend- ing four pages on this curious digrcfllon, Mr. TiV- loway himlclf mull grant — that Ibme a5l of the crown, or a tiinltitude of proprietors (as it happened in Carolina) or a cUJfention between them though few, will be fuch a circumftance, as will produce the conjun(5lure I mentioned. But 1 will waive thefe probabilities. I will indulge Mr. Gallcivny \o far as to fuppofe, tliey are too uncertain or remote to be expedted or regarded. What will this con- cefTion prove .? That none of thofe occurrences will afford a favourable mode of making the attempt. But dots it prove the prefent mode to be a good one } or that any nccclTity is fo urgent as to force us to make ufe of it, though a bad one } By no means ! It I fhould fee a man about to pafs a broad, deep river [x], over which I had reafon to think he could not fvvim, would it be an unwife or an unkind r.fb in me, to advife him to walk along the bank, aind endeavour to find a bridge, or a narrower or flial- lower place — though I had no certainty that there was fuch a bridge or fuch a place } or would this be acknowledging that he v/as under a nccejjily of pnfTing the river ? My advice would at lead have a chance of faving him, and could do him no harm — for, after being difippointcd in his fearch, he might return to the ipot v/here I found him — and wW*:/ be at liberty to (^''own himfclf at lajl, Mr. Galloway mixes all points fo confufedly to- gether, that he not only leads hirnfelf into a variety of [w] Pretended Speech, p. 6i lin, 36. " They and every of *' them," a ftrong and beautiful cxpreflion, frequently occurring in Jacob's Lanu cU^ionary, and in any book oi precedents, errors. IB [a] Pretended Speech, p. 61, D [ 20 ] errors, but renders it very difficult for another, in anlwcring, to reduce into any order what he has fo loofely fcattered about. This I fliall however en- deavour to do. Had he attended to the objet5lions againfl; the mamur of the prclbnt attempt, he might have per- ceived that they were three. The fnrt was — that the circumrtances attending this proceeding might caufr others to attribute it to luch paHions, as are always dilgraceful to pubHc councils and detlruclive to the honor and welfare of a people. It certainly will be admitted, that all reproaches of this kind ought to be carefully guarded againft — eipecially by a dependent cclony, whofe condudl has been fre- quently and feverely reprehended. Mr. Gallozvay however ufurps, in his private room, among his chairs and tables, the abjurd licence of railing at me on this occafion, for fpeaking my fentiments with freedom — though I Ipoke in a pub- lic council — as the reprefcntative cf a free people — on a fubjed: in which their reputation and hap- ^pinefs were intimately concerned. Any man who thinks, will inftantly perceive— that it was my duty to mention every thing that I apprehended would . tend to fecure thefe bleffings. \Vhen the affembly was deliberating on a ftep that Teemed to mc likely to bring difcredit and lo(s upon us, would it have become rne to have fupprefled my opinion? No I But it would have pleafed Mr. G^/Z^jaw and fome others — Great reward for having been a villam! T SAID —"Our meflages to the governor, and our ** refolves would difcover the true caufe'of the pre- •* lent attempt" — Mr. Calloway grants itj and ap- peals t 21 ] peals to thofe refolves for my confufion. How is this charge fupported ? Why, the refolves mention — - "public houfes — commiflions to judges during " pie afore — and the great danger of a military " force in a proprietary government" — as griev- ances. In like manner they mention the point lately controverted. Very well ! The co.ittnts of the refolves are now proved. — But there ftill remains one point flipped over in filence — Why were thele refolves now made? The increafe of public houfes had frequently been complained of before Com- miflions during good behaviour have always been wiflied for.— 1 he efl:abliftiment of a military force has been often attempted in the midft of war, when it was vattly more neceflary than at this time.— But never 'till now has there been an attempt to change the government. More obfervations I tliink un- neceflfary. Impartial perfons, who read the meflTages and refolves — and confider y^;«f other dramfiances generally known — will be able to difcover che true CAUSE of the prefent attempt — and to judge, whe- ther it may be juft:ly a:ttribut:ed to palfion of any kind. If his majefty and his minifl:ers, whofc prefent opinion of us is allowed to be extremely unfavor- able, fliould be induced by our late behaviour, to think us a n fli, turbulent people — it will be a mif- fortune to be deplored by alllovers of their country. The fecond objedion againfl: the manner of pro- ceeding wa§, the hiconfijlency^ in which we fliould be involved. This inconfiftency is twofold. In the firfl: place, our dillention with the governor, and this extraordinary attempt in confequence of it, may be thought by the king and the miniftry to have arifen on a matter already determined by the crown. Ktnce our unwillingnefs to comply with the royal pleafurey figniiied to us on this head, may be called a 'jery improj^er foundation of a requelt " to be more ■ lis ■.;:i| ■ l:! (( imme- ct [ 22 ] immediately fubjedted to the royal pleafure.'* But this objeftion is eafily obviated, byy«/>p^;(g- that the king and miniftry will exadtly agree with the af- icn^'bly in conftruing the controverted ftipulation. I fincerely hope tliey may ; as our conftrudlion ap- pears to me extremely reafonable and equitable. But, of this agreement in fentiments, 1 defired to have fome proof before we proceeded any further. We have frequently been difappointed in our warm- eft expedations. In public as well as in private life, he that never doubts, will often be wrong. .{;. In the fecond place — there appeared to me an inconjijiency, in requefting a change of government from the king — and yet infifting on the prefervation of privileges aerogatory of the royal rights. We certainly prefer in our minds one of thefe things to the other. — Either to continue as we are — or to change, though we lofe our privileges. If his majefty will not accept of the government in the lame ^^te in which it has been held by the pro- prLtors, what ihall be our choice ? I do not ima- gine, that even Mr. Galloway, though he ventures to fay *' we have no caufe to dread a change" if all " my fears Ihould prove realities [>"),** will dare to propofe a direct renunciali'jn of our rights. Tri- fling as he feems to think them — willing as Jb&'is toexpofe them to hazard on guelTes and furmifes — they are yet held in too much veneration by the good people of Pennfylvania — for him to declare his contempt of them. If then his majefty fhall be fo unreafonabk as to infift upon exercifing his autho- rity, in cafe of a change, as fully in this province, as in any other under his immediate government — and wc infift that he (hall not ; the bargain breaks off—.** and the worft co'nfequence is (according to {y] Pretended Si)eech, p. 67. ,.;iu. ' « Mr. f • [ 23 ] *' Mr. Galloway) that we muft then remain (as I ** would have us remain) in our prefent fituation.'* A much worfe confequence in my opinion will fol- low. May we not again be reproached with double dealing zn^ deceit? — The aflembly's petition to the crown draws a high-coloured piflure ot our prefent diftreflcs.— But let me fuppole Mr. Galloway de- puted to plead the public caufe — an office which I have fome reafon to th jk, would, by no means, be difagreeable to him ! — If the royal ear is not deaf—' if it will hear[zY — thefe are the pleafing — the defcriptive — and convincing drains, in which that Ear will be addrefled. (( cc << <c << (C C( cc (C (( cc cc cc ** Most gracious fovereign ! The rights of the people of Pennfylvania — the nwfl fcandalous and corrupt of all your fubjeSIs[a'] — are fading and ex- piring under the baleful influence of proprietary ambition and power [^] — our liberties are dai- ly confuming before them [f]— our privileges are fwallowed up and facrifiled at the fhrine of proprietary inftruclions and the mealures of power [^] — they are now but ideal fliadows and chimerical notions [<?] — indeed pur liberties are loft [/] -- and we Ihall foon be reduced to the fervile condition of the parliament </ Paris j or of the worft of flaves of the moft abfolute mo- narch [£]. — The fever of ambition and arbitrary [z\ A beautiful and ftriking repetition in the Pretended Speech ^ P-5.8- [a] Id. p. 66. — This exprefllon is flriiSUy agreeable to Mr. Galkivay's argument. — For, if the conup:ion of the people in this province is one leafon of his defiring a change, he mull iay, we are more corrupt than his majefry's fubjeds in the rell of his domi- nions ; otherwife we requell a government under which the peo-' pie are as bad as ourfelves j and therefore the change can be of no fcrvice to us. 50, lin. 14. [d] Id. 'p. 88. [e] Id. \£\ id. p. 66 and 76. J)] Pretended Speech, p. V} Id. p. 89. lin. 7. /J Id. p. 66, 6y, 68. 4 i 'I- ■ ; Ml i|| C( power ct cc cc ^ ■ [ 24 ] •* power is raging with unremitting violence in the **■ foul 2iVi^ a£iive blood.^ with many other parts *' of our pohtical infiitution[b], fo that its conduSi and " behaviour is not animated and direSfed^ as they ought to be [<]. I'hc ^^^ thereof has nearly de- ftroyed the powers of l^e and /m»^ motion, and- nature is no longer capable of ftruggling for relief. " We therefore pray your majefty, that you and the " virtuous minifter [k'\ on whom you much rely, ** will make WEAPONS out of the old contra^ between " the crown and our firft proprietor [/]-— out of ** the opinion of fome very great men, your fervants '* — and cut of the quil rents in the lower counties, to *' be ufed for the reftoration of our liberties — un- " der which circumjiances [w], it will be the higheft *■'• prefumption to oppofe the refumption of the no- *' mination of the governor ^/this province, which *' is all the change, we intend you fliall make.— ** Proprietary inftrudlions, with which your majejly is ** well acquainted^ and private infereft,have impofed " thraldom and bondage upon us [«]. " The ftream - " of juftice is not only become turbid but thick, fo '* that it can no longer difcharge its duty. Security ** of life and eftate is become an empty name, and " the fpirit of liberty, dillreft, and worn out by in- " cffedtual efforts for her prefervation, i::, verging faft' " to a dijfolution. Nothing, but a medicine ad- ' " miniftred to this fpirit by your royal hands, can " poffibly revive or reftore her. This medicine we *' now attempt to obtain, before the midnight ' *' GLOOM approaches, and fatal death puts an *' end to our (Iruggles [o]. When his rnajeily (hall be fo happy as to hear this eloquent addrefs, how ■ much muii his pity be excited ! If he uader^lands itj. b] Pretended Speech, p. 91, 92. /■] Jd. 91,92. — Id. p. 74. [/] Ij. p. 54. ^^ Jd. p. 90, 91. [m] Id. p. Qi.lin. 13. //] Id. p. 91. lin. IQ. [0] Id. p. 91 and 92, paffim. and [ 25 ] and (hall be plcafed to exprefs his willingnefs to take us under his ini mediate care and protedion, in the fame manner with the reft of liis fubjedts — how muft he be furprized at our refufing, or even hefitating to accept thiit which we have fo warmly requefted — unlels particular points are granted to us ? How muft he be ajlonijhedi to find that we are more afraid of being placed upon a footing with other Englijh- men under his dominion, than pf the midnight GLOOM and fatal death [/)], which are haftening to overtake us ? ^Vith what juftice may his graci- ous majefty tell us, '• that we have endeavoured to " impofe on him, by reprefenting ourfelvcs as an ** opprefled, miferable people, ftanding on the *' brink of deftrudion ; when, upon his hearing our ** cries for afliftance and fafety, — mercifully ftretch- ** ing out his hand to relieve us, and offering us to ** partake of the fame happinejs enjoyed by the reft " of his fubjeds, we rejed his implored prctedion-^ *' and thereby prove the fallhood and abfurdity of " our pretences?'* ; Thus, by requejiing a chatrge^ wc lay ourfelves un-^i der the inevit^ible necefiity, either of quietly giving up our rights and privileges, in order to maintain a confiftency \n our conduft ; or, of incurring the fe- vere cenfureabovementioned— .unlefs the king will be fo good natured, in confideration of the infinite pains we have taken to recommend ourfelves to his favor — as to be contented with the fame Jloare of power in this province ; which his two fubjeds Thomas and Richard Penn now have. My third objeflion againft the manner of the pre- fent attempt to alter our government was—." that [p] Quaere — What Mr. Gallonvay means by " midnight g'oom" ? and what is a " death not fatal 1" — As he makes a diftinflion be- tween " fatal death" and forae other " 4 aiin" f — ^ t( \t «l [ 26 ] it might be deemed in Great- Britain a furrendcr •* of our Charer — or at lead a fufficient foundation ** for the parliament's proceeding to form a new , V conftitution for us."— No perfon OLnfurrender what he has not. This term, therefore, when applied to the people of Pettft- fyhania, means a giving up of the peculiar rights de- rived to them^ under their charter. They cannot furrender what belongs to others ~.- and therefore their a(51: cannot take away the rights (of the proprietors. But ftiould the proprietors, en- raged at our behaviour and fatigued with difputes, make their own terms with the crown, and give up the royal charter — then xh^ furrender may be faid to be compleated. Mr. Gallozvay fays,— the petitions cannot be thought in any manner to furrender our privileges — becaufe " they requefi the enjoyment of thofe pri- •* vileges." But, if it be confidered, that to pro- cure peace and fafety, is the defign of forming fo- cieties and of eftablifhing governments-— and that thefe petitions exprefly declare " there is no peace f and fafety among us, and that we have no hopes *' of either being reftored but by the change for •« which we pray [^]:** — Certainly, if we are thought to be in our fenfes, it will be concluded that we in- tend X.0 furrender intirely a government, which does hot anfwer the ends of government— even though we fliould be deprived offome agreeable things tacked to it.— .For who but a Bedlamite would fhiver in a thin filkccat, in the midft of winter, only becaufe it Had a fine lace upon it ?— \f\ Pretended Speech, p. 64, 81. et alibi. l7 C V I It may fecm therefore a rcafonable confl:ru6Hon of thcte petiuons to underftand them in this fenfe — ' that the petitioners will be much obliged to his * majefty, if he will be fo good as to put the lace ' on warmer coats for them— .but, if he will not * condefcend to do that, he may keep the lace for * his trouble— provided he will furnilh them with coats of good Englijh broad cloth.** cc Let it however be fuppofed — . that our petitions;, with a refignation of the charter by the proprietors, -^ cannot be called a furrender of our privileges, in ftridnefs of law — and that the matter comes to be fettled by the parliament. Here Mr. Galloway launches out on a flood of words. — Here he overwhelms me with his irrefra- gable demonjirations. — " Will the king, lords, and *' commons (fays he) be the dupes of the mi- ' ** niftry[r] i and, without confideration — without '* the leaft reafon, in an inftant pafs a law— to blaft " our liberties [s] — to take away cur rights [/J, *' and deprive an affe^ionate people of a few privi- " leges [«] ?" Will they ad fo black— fo bafe — fo ** unjuft a part[w] ?" Inconsistency ! that would be aftonilhing in any man, but him who is the author of it ! How can the king and parliament be unjujiy in i^iving us from midnight gloom and fatal death ? How- can they blaft thole liberties which are already loji\ii'\} take away our rights, when fecurity of life and efiate is now become an empty name amoii^ V] Pretended Speech, p. 70. [j] Id. p. 71, >] Id. p. 69. [«] Id. p. 65. ovj Id. p. 72. [x\ Id. p. 66 and 65. .:^v; E 2 , t» us? [ 28 ] tis[y]} or deprive us of our privileges, i»hicb ih-t long Jinc€ /wallowed up and facrififed at the Jhrine of proprietary inftrutHons and the nteafures of power^ and fo turned into ideal fiadows [2] ? ' Cunning and crtiel king! to 7?r/)> thy fub)e<5ls of that which tliey have not. " Look hiftory " through [«],*• it cannot furnifti an inftance of fuch royal craft and unkindnefs, except that re- corded by Sir Richard Blackmore, of an anceftor of Prince Voltiger^ A painted veft: "Prince Vol tiger had on; Which, from a naked PiSfy his grandjire won. I will not purfue this point any further. I will fup- pofe, in Mr. Gal/owii/s favor, that what he calls his rpeech was fo long, and took fo much time in mak- ing, that he forgot, in forming one part, what h? had written in another. (•: To attend him ftill further in his political ram- bles, for fome refpedi is due, to be fure, to " one of " the happy inftruments of relieving his coun- " try [^]," and its " long fupporter [c]" I will grant, out of complaifance to him, in order to give his argument its fulkfi force, that he has told a great many falfJjcods — that we are not in the de- plorable condition he has reprefented us — and that our liberties, rights, and privileges, which he has taken fo much pains to blafl, are Hill frefh and flourifliing. Why then (fays he) it will be unjuft in the king and parliament to deprive us of them j and wc a Pretended Speech, p. 91. [«:]• Id. p. 77. A fine expre^ion in Pretended Speech, p> 55> Hn. 17. Pretended Speech, p. 74. If Id, p. 48. Quiere, If this term is applicable to Mr. Qallonucrf, who is zjbort nan ? 2 have [ 29 ] have '* irrerraf»able proofs [d]** of the juftice of the houfe of commons, becaufe^ in the years 1718 and 1748, they would not pafs an a<ft to give royal in- ftruiflions the force of laws in /^w^nV<?.'* . , .^ Thus he concludes, that, becaufe the houfc of commons would not make the king abfolute me- harcb of North- Jmerica^ which would hnve been in- jurious to the rights of Great- Briinin — therefore ihcy will not allow him to cxercife in one provina that authority, which he exercifcs in every other part of his dominions.— 7y«/y, an uncomnx)n, but not a very fyllogiftical, method of arguing! I^ET Mr. Galloway^ when he (hall be employed in ** fupporting the expiring liberties of his coun- " try," ftep into the fir/V/)2? renatc — and endeavour to convince them of this injuflice. When he has made a fpeech for this purpofc, fuppolSs fome unconverted member (hould thus ad- drefs him — " Sir, we are perfedly fatisfied in what ** rank we are to place your abilities — the proofs " are irrefragable — but as to the point you have in- " fifted on, you do not feem to cxprefs yourfelf w//i& " clearnefs. You fpe.ak of an " impelling neceffity to *' come under the king's immediate government'* — ** and yet you fay it will be " unjuft to bring you " under it, on the fame conditions with his other *' fubjedls." I fhould therefore be glad to have a " fliort, plain anfwer to this queftion — Are the in- " habitants of Pennfyhania more or lefs happy than the •' inhabitants of the royal governments f" How will our deputy extricate himfelf from this dilemma ? If we are more happy, why do we de/ire a change — or why does Mr. Galloway talk of the [/] Pretended Speech, p. 73. ** expinng t> [ 30 ] *• expiring liberties of his country ?" If we are Icfs happy — why do wc dread it ? why are we unwilling to become in every refpeS like thofc who are hap- pier than ourfelves ? or where is the injuftice of placing us in the lame fituation ? Before I quit this point, I muft make one ob- fervation more to (hew, by Mr. Galloway* s contra- cli(5lion of himfelf (though I am almoft tired with taking notice of his contradiftions), that, notwith- ftanding the rage with which he has alTerted the contrary — he really thinks our privileges will be indangered, if the parliament (hould take the change of our government into their confideration. He employs many pages to prove there is no danger^ though the affair ihould come before the parliament — Yet, fpeaking of a change in the cafe of an infant proprietor, he fays—." Is it to be by a " parliamentary enquiry, and an adb of the Britijh le- *' gijlature, in confequence of I'uch enquiry ? If it is, ** the rights of the people may be involved in the «a- " qttiry, which the mode intended by the houfe is cal' ** culated to avoid. Hence it appears, that this period, ** of all others, will be attended with moft difficulty •' to the crown, and danger to our privileges [e]." Thus he acknowledges, that the houfe of aflem- bly, in making the prefent attempt, have endea- voured to avoid a parliamentary enquiry, becaufe the rights of the people would be involved in it to the danger of our privileges. — Upon the whole that has been faid with regard to a change — and the fafety or the danger oi the meafurc — I thus conclude. \e\ Pretended Speech, p. 62 » 6i» If [ 3' ] " 1p it cannot be aca nplilhed — the manner in which it has been attempted will load this province with new difgrace. If it it accompliflicd, we are utterly ignorant how it will be. 1 he tate of our privileges, and the great points controverted be- tween us and the proprietors, are now to be everUft" ingiy determined. Many unhappy circumllanccs Attend us in the enterprise. HERE then I fix the argument. On this poitit I rely. Whatfoever may be the force of the reafonings on either ftde — however probable or improbable the fuccefs may be— .yet, after placing every thing in the ftrongeft light againft myfelf — it mujl be grant- ed — that the event is undoubtedly uncertain — and that the perfons defiring a change know no tnore^ what will be the confcquences — than they know what will be the figure of next year's clouds. A MEASURE in which the happinefs of fo many thoufands is involved, ought not therefore to have l»2en purfued in fo hatty and unguarded a manner. , Precautions ihould have been taken. Securities . fliould have been obtained. This was — this is-— my firm opinion — and Ihould a change be happily ob- tained, without injuring a fingle privilege, or fet- tling a fingle point againft us — fhould the condudl of the aflembly and the people in this affair be in- firely approved by his majefty and his minifters— -I ' fliall always rejoice — that 1 was not concerned in cx- pofing the inejiimable interejts of my country to ha- zard. I PROCEED to other points. Mr. Galloway takes great pains to prove, that the *' reprefentatives of a ** people have a right to change the conftiturion, ** without . 't 31 ] ** without the confcntof the people |/] j" l^ecaufi ** almolt CVC7 government in the civilized world •• has been dunged" -^ by force andinjujl ice: Becaufe ** the revolution was brought about"— «;/'//{> fucb univerfal confent^ that King William was ejiablijhed on the Britijh throne^ withortt fighting a battle : Becaufe ** the firfl: frame of our government was altered" — being found impra£iicable, and that its privileges could fcarcely be exercifedor enjoyed \g'] : Becaufe •* fix parts ** in ieven of the alfembly have a right to alter the ** charter" — by a law with the Governors ajfent : Becaufe he dignifies himfclf and thofe who join with him, with the title of *• long fupportcrs and lovers •* of their country" — and charges, with great tntb^ to be fur e, all who differ in opinion from them^ with be- ing the friends of arbitrary power ? « << <( << ' « 4i << <l • < <C u <( (( [/] " '* *^^" never be thought, that the people intri»ft any re- • piclentatives with their capital privileges, further th.an to ufe their bell (kill to fccure and maintain them. They never Co de- legated or impovvcrcd any men, that tL'jure they could deprive them of that qualification ; and afado ad jus non valet nrgttmen- ttim : For the qncftion is not, what may be done .' /Jut what ought to be done/ Ovcrfeers and ftewards are impowcrcd, not to alienate, but preferve and improve, other mens inheritances. No owners deliver their ftiip and goods into any man's hands to give them away, or run upon a rock ; neither do they coiifi^ their affairs to agents or iad\ors without limitation : All trulis fuppofe fuch a fundamental right iri them that give them, and for whom the trulls are, as is altogether indiflblva'>le by the trullecs. The Mull is, thd liberty and property of the people ; the limita- tion is, that it lliould not be invaded, but be inviolably preferved, according to the law of the land." William Pekn's works, vol. i. p. 6S2. &c. " When Henry the Fourtli of trance and his miniller th:; duke of Sul/y formed the glorious a; d benevolent fchcmc of giving peace and happinefs to Europe by reducing it into a kind of great com- monwealth, which was to be eflfcded hy changing the government of fpvcral Jiates ; fuch was their regard to the nrft principles of jfifiice and the rights of mankind, that it was determined, that no ftcp fhould be taken, nvithout carefully and deliberately confulting the people of the feveral nationsy who would be affe£led by their mcafures." Sully's Memoirs, vol. v. \g\ Pretended Speech, p. 80. In • [ 33 ] In \ht fame flriking method of arp;uing, he attempts to prove — //^<7/ the petitior. tor ;i change ouglit not to alarm a free people, hecaufe^ *' though it calls for *' a military eftablifhmcnt among us," yet this is only (hewing our defire, that a military force may be fixed, which " already is fixed :" or, in other words, ** it is only difcovering our />if^;*/)'^/'/)ro^^//(?;/ ** of a difagrecable meafure* — that " a military fjla" ^' blipmint is already ejlablijbcd\gy^ (to ufe his own words), hecattfe there arcyrw^/oAZ/Vrj in garrifon at our advanced forts — for /^^/t' he certainly means by the *' military cftablifliment already ellabliflied," or nothing— //)«/ a miliury force in a dependent co-. lony, lodged in the hands of the king, is lefs dangerous to liberty, than in the hands oi &.fuhjeB — that it is the ftrongell evidence of the prudence and public fpirit Cii fuch a colony^ to reprefcnt thcmfelves as a fett of ruffians, amongll whom there is no fafety for men of viitue, nor any refpedt for government, but all things are involved in anarchy -• and therefore humbly co pray, that his majcffl:y will be pleafed to fend over fome regiments to ioitrud them in the gentle lejjons of ^«/yand obedience — that this will not furnifh a pretence to fend over mere regiments than are defired— nor to make us pay for thefe blefiings of /words and bayonets^ which we hav^ rcquefied — or, if thefe inconveniences fliould follovy^— /^'«/ they will be greatly overbalanced by the advantages of the civil war that would probably enfue, if thefe troops fliould be employed, as Mr. Galloway would wiih them to be. -;^ These are his arguments and the tendency of them on thefe points. Arguments ! — Yielding fuch ample room for the entertainment of the pub- lic, that I hope fome gentleman, who has more [y&J Pi ecended Speech, p. 87. lin. 17, 18. F leifure h. [ 34 ] leifure than I have, will divert the world with the ftriftures upon them they deferve." I pais on to matters, in which 1 an* more particularly concerned — I mean, to anfAer thofe charges which Mr. Calloway has made again It me. The firft of theie is, ** that my late ronduft has ** been influenced by a reftlefs thirft after promo- " tion 1 a fondnefs to ferve the purpofes of power, »* from an exprclation of being rcv/arded with polls *' of honour and profit." In anfwcring fuch a charge as this, Mr. Galcway might pt rhaps have fome advantage over w^. > \- *Tjs true, T cannot boaft of being a'" long fup-: ** porter of the rights af the people [-6] i" fince it is but lately, that my youth has been fivoured with any public marks of their approbation. I have not heated the min'^.sof men with inflammatory harangues — and while they have been weakly wondering at my public fpirit, found m-jkW rewarded' in goLiy for die breath I have wafted. 1 have not every year, fmce I have beer a reprelcntative, t^^iven myfelf an office of profit — fo f^r from it, that I have not taken even a f ingle farthing for my wages during 'the wl*le time 1 have been in the Aflembiy, nor in my- whole life touched a mite of pubhc money. I have not enriched myfelf with a mcfi Iv.rratvue poft^ torn fiom the old age of \x worthy miOsn, who was grey headed lone: before wiv birth. 1 have.* not, while the Jlio-p \i\ was open for the i:ilc of laws, and good fub- fl'iintial purchafes might h.ive been made — wafted the public wealth, in buying ac an exorbitant price thol'e that would not k(l -i^ twelve month „..\ have not lined my pockets, and the pockets of ail my de- [/j] That is, in Mr. GsilL^j.-iifs ft-nfe of tliis ex{ re0ion. [/] Pretace lo Pretended 6i.cech, p. 4. liai. 37. pen :lents, • ; I 35 1 _ • pende'^.ts, with the fpoils of my country, infamouny plundered in vile jobs ^ while, with unbounded con- fidence, flie trulted her ftores to my faith. I have not bought with the pubHc money commijfwm of judges in all the courts where I pradile, for my moji intimate friends. I have not attempted to abolifh that facred right of EnglijJjrnen., the right q^ tried by a jury. I have not. juggled in dirty cabals^ about the offices of chief jujlice and attorney geyieraf—w\(h com- petent falaries to be annexed to them. I liave not taken raw' councils in taverns^ for regulating the conduc^l: of Pennfyhania. In Ihort, I have nor in all my pub- lic condu^i had an '^ye to my private enwlument — and therefore I have not the confolation to rcfled, that I found this province in credit, and that while I have been drumi/ig — merely for her good, . as I pretended-^ my interefts have advanced [k], as her interefts have declined^ and that 1 am now poil"<;ft by my pbpubrity alone of a confiderable eftate, vvhile fie is funk into difgrace. I CANNOT boafl indeed of fucli exploits as thefe— . and 1 fincerely prny, l;hat my mind may be nerer tainted Vv'ith the bafe ambition cf rifing hy fordid pratVues. No dignities can adorn his charader, who h^s attained them by meannefs. With eqiial fcorn do I behold him, who endea- vours to recommend himfclf, cither to men of poz-jcr. w ' ! i'li ii'llr VM [k] This was the fate of unhappy A/he;!s; which faw her pre- tended patriots thriving in proportion to her misfortunes. ' " Call your eyes, I bifeeeh yoii, upon thofe men, to whom you " owe thele rare monuments of their iidminiRration. Some of " them were raife-i from poverty to .nfflicn^e, others from obfcurity *' to fplendor ; <bme have built magnihcrnt houfes, others nave ** acquired large trafts of vaUnb'e lan^s ; Qi-d the lower the for- ** tune of the llate has fiUcn, the higher has trat of much people . •' rifen." Demosthenes, in the kcontl Cljnthian. F 2 or { 36 ] . or to the ftihUc^ by flattering their pafllons or errors, and by forfeiting his honor and integrity. ' Thk good man, who is guided through life by his confcience and reafon, may, in particular injiancesy offend even hontft and wife men-— but his virtue will naturally produce ^n uniformity in his conduct upon the whole, that will difcover his probity, and . procure him the general approbation of the worthy. These ient'ments perhaps may prove deftrudive - to one, who defigns to ellabliQi his reputation and . felicity on the bafis of a party — fince it is highly * improbable^ that any manwillbe long ejieemedbyaparty, unkfs he is bound to it by prejudices, as well as by PRINCIPLES [/]. ' [/] This fentiment is fo flrongly confirmed by a beautiful paf- fage in Sully's Memoirs, that it is hoped the inferting of it will afford pleafure to every one who reads it. The duke of Sully, beine a Protejlant, was appoipted by his '' mafler, Henry the Fourth o{ France, to piefide in a general aflembly oithcProteJiants, which was called to meet at Chr.ielleraut. — The duke was their faithful friend ihvoxxgh. his whole life, and ftriftly at- tached to them by principle ; but the warmth of their temper led them into many things, in this affemhly^ in which he could not join • with them — without offering violence to his own fentiments — • and integrity. — <:^'''i"'he following is the account he gives of his conduft. ** A com- ^^''^•■'.un prejudice prevails among all forts of religion j a man is never *' fuppoled to be zjincere profejjor of the one he has embraced, un- *' lefs he fu'^ports it ohjlinately, even \v\ fuch points, whore it is moft ** vifibly <vjrottg.^ The fafiie remark may perhaps be found true in all parties. " Upon this footing, I con'efs, the method I was deter- *' mined to purfue, might, from jxvte perfvns, draw upon me thei "epithets m fal/e brdther, deferter, and, if ihey pleafe, traytor: ** However, it was not the approbation of fnch as thofe, that I pro- *« pofed to obtain, b«t of perfons, who, of txhate'ver party or religion " they 'weri, would, in their judgment of ;^ conduff, preferve the *' balance of e^tfity and difmterejicdfiefs. If ever religion admits of- *' the affiftaince of /iij/r(r, it ought to be of a ^oMcy pure, fmple, and - ** upright as if/elf ; any other may indeed appear to ferve it, bul ** does not in reality, and fooner or later ne^ver fails to ruin it." ^.♦♦Having determined to he guided by no other principle in my To /A'-' t 37 1 ■'■-.,' To fupport the attrocious 'charge he has made againll me, Mr. G^Z/ow^^ produces no kind of proof — except my differing in opinion from him be proof. But, if this be admitted, then Mr. Norris, Mr. RicbarJfon, and the two other gentlemen who differed from him, arc villains alfo, influented by the fame views attributed to me. This would be too daring a charge, and more dlfBcult perhaps for Mr. Galloway to fupport, than to cruih, by calumnies and con/piracies, a young man, who has excited more than one pafTion in more than one man's breaft. Had I intended to recommend myfelf to the go- vernment, I certainly might have given the fcnti- ments I delivered in the Houfe, a more courtier-like air than they now bear. Plad I intended this, I fhould not have been one of xh^firjl and warmefi to declare my fixed refolution, not to admit of the go- vernor's conflru«5tion of the ftipulation he cjifputed with us ; nor fliould I have tteadiiy perfifted in this oppofition to the lajh , , •^•' " tranfa6lions with the ajfemlly^ I thought I could not tnc uiisfully " avoid all appearances of aiFcitation or difguife in my condudl ; ** that thofe who were influenced by an imprudent %eal, or adtuated '■ by z./pirit of cobalt might have no hopes of gaimng ovfeducinp '■' me : Therefore, from tiic; beginning, I fliewed myfeltfolicitous to ■' fupport, on this qccafion, that character by which thepui- '■ he was to know hoijo I ^suld aii on enjery other ; that is, of a man *' ncercly attached to the tnje p>\Judp/ts and intereji of the profrji^int < ffligiorit yet incapable of drawing ihcfal^e confequenu's^ which *' many of the protclldnts did, or of approving their irregular pro- *' ccedings: Ict-Jpeech I made at the opening of the aj/ernily, which " jailed half an hour, was whoib/ calculated to produce tbi» effiiif " without troubling myfelf to coiifider, whether it would give plea- " fure or offence to tlie greateft number." Sulm's Memoirs, vo*' IV' i ?j^i lo lanoot. hn& ^iVvWi^ ni Joa .^-3 b '* ... ,,.;.Ai-^^..'sA: u„;i»vv, vi.03bi«a9d oi..fa'?nimm?b saivtHAD 'I i'. C 38 J Had I intended this, I Ihould not have been the only man in the Houfe, who confiantly refufed to aflfent to the fupply bill, becaufe the money emitted by it was made a legal tender in payment of all demands, *' except proprietary rents'* — when that exception might have been fafely extended (as was granted by the mod diftinguiflicd members) to the rents of all other perfons —"fiho would then have been as wellk^ cured as the proprietors, and a diftindlion in their favour alone avoided. One thing more I beg leave to mention, fince M*-. Gallcdmy compels me to fpeak of myfelf. I was appointed l •* -v the bill to the governor the fe- cond time for iflent, after he had once refufed it. This was long bciore the change of government was talked of. On my delivering it, fome converfation arafe between us on the fubjcdt, Mr. Shippen the fe- cretary being prefent. As the pafiage of the bill was of the utmoft importance to his majefty's ferv- ice and the good of the public, I took the liberty, though my acquaintance with the governor was very flight, of mentioning feveral reafons to prove, that the affembly's conftru6lion of the difputed ftipula- tion was extremely equitable ; confident with the eftablifhed rules of explaining a fentence capable of two meanings j and therefore ought to be admitted — and that his honour's condudl in pafling the bill, as it then was framed, would not be difapproved of in England. I further added, that I was perfuaded, his refuial would ih^o\v,,^ver^ tiling into, thp greateft Being Icon after taken ill and confined to my room, fo anxious was I to prevent any difference at that time between the governor and aflembly, that 1 fentfor a gentleman, whom I knew to be inti- mately I ■ "' r 39 ] • mately acquainted with the governor ; and, urging every thing I could think of, to convince him that our bill ought to be pafled as we had formed it, I intreated him to go to the governor, and endeavour to prevail on him to give his afTcnt. I HOPE this cannot be called the condu<fi: ttf i man influenced by ** mifchievous palTions deftrui^live of public liberty." . Another charge brought againft me by Mr. Galloway is, that I negleded my duty of attending in the Houfe, and never fpoke my fentiments til> it was too late. a I Mr. Galkwafs behaviour in making this charge, is a plain proof to what lengths he will proceed in hopes of injuring w<?. The firft time, fince 1 have been a reprefentative of this province, that a change of government was mentioned and dcjbated in the aflTembly, was on Saturday the 2^th day of March laft, on the governor's fending down to them his meflage abfolutely refufing to pafs the fupply bill, unlefs the ttipulation was literally complied with. That day the alTembly's anfwer was compofed and fent — " the frequent motions, with the Iblemn de* " bate" Mr. Galloway talks of, made — the refolves paft— and the Houfe adjourned to the i4tti jdi May. -^r Mr. Galloway muji be confciousy th&t tJiis day, and the day before, I was confined to my cliambery and nioftly to my bed, by a feverc attack of the fibVcr and ague. He knows, that on the Thurfday ht* fore, I was fo ill, that, there not being a fiifiicicnt number of members without me, thofc who W(Jre met, ihtended to come and fit at my houfe ; ..and that, to fave the gentlemen this trouble, I determined 4 to 'MM i! ' :||!i^ t 40 I to wait on them, and was carried up in the late fpeaker's chariot, which he was fo kind as to fend for me, it being a rainy day. This (late of my health at that time being a faft well known to many perfons, and particularly to Mr. Galloway, how cruel and unjujt is it to blame me for not attending, when it was impoffible — and when, if it had been poffible, / had not the leafi fufpicion, that any thing of fuch vaft importance would come into confideratiOn. On the meeting of the Houfe, the 14th day of laft May, according to their adjournment, I con- ftantly attended every day, until this important mat- ter was determined, except on Alonday the 2 id— on which day there was no Houfe, only eighr ^ mem- bers meeting, Mr. Galloway and many otli. s being abifent. The following' days, the petition for a change ■ came in— were read — as other petitions were — lay on the table — and not a word fpoken on the fiibjedt. 'thus bufinefs went on till Wednefday the 23d, when I was prevented /<7r tbefirji time from attending the Houle by a fever— which, as it was very in- jurious to my health, would alfo, if Mr. Gallowafs charitable and humane wiflies could prevail, prove deftrudive to my reputation, ^his day the matter was fiarted. In vain did the fpeaker recom me nd t h e deferring to take any refolutiori, till the Houfe was more full — and the abfent members then in town could attend — He defrred that the affair might be put o&t€Jh£ next day-^in vain' — the debate was be- gun— -quickly determined— a committee appoint- ed to prepare a draught of the petition — that draught made — brought in— prefented — read — -a»-.: ■ .. ; A> The [ 41 ] • . ' The next day, tliough ftill extremely indifpofed, I p.ttended— .and was furprifcd to find fo much bufi- nefs of the tttmojl confequence had been done in fo fliort a time — and though I could have wi(hed that fuch ajlep had not been taken, without allowing me and every other member, ofwhofe attendance there was any probability^ an opportunity of offering our fenti- ments ; yet I comforted myfelf with refledting, that though it had been refolved, " that a petition fhould *' be drawn,'* yet it was not refolved, " that any pe- *' titipn Ihould be prefented -," and that I fhould be at liberty to offer my opinion hereafter. I was de- termined therefore to attend diligently ; and to take the Jirji opportunity y which would be on the fecond reading of the petition, to oppofe it. This I was induced to do, by confidering, that, if I did not fay any thing till the queftion was put for tranfcribing or ftgning in order to be prefented, it would look very odd for me to be filent fo long, and that it would anfwer no purpofe. '^>*^ Accordingly, on the fecond reading of the pe- tition, which was the frji opportunity I ever had, flnce the change of government was attempted, 1 fpoke againft it. The only obje(5lion then made by Mr. Galloway and every other member who fpoke on the occafion was — thatl had offered my fentiments too foon to the Houle — and that I fhould have ftaid for the queflion to tranfcribe ovjign the petitic r That I did not a<5i: with any flupid and ufelefs re- ferve in lying by till this time, was never dreamt of by any member who knew why I had been detained at home, whenever I was detained. G > How ■ • ' [ 42 ] How vain is his attempt who llrives to pleafe all t en? or indeed to pleafe one man at nil times ? Mr. 'iallc'way and others tben faid,' that I fpoke too foon. rie and fome more now lay, 1 fpoke too late. • Why too lat(* ? were not my arguments as well underftood then^ and had they not the fame force, as if they had been i:fed before ? and, if they proved the mcafure to be dan^i'rciis and improper, ought they not, in a matter of fiicb importance to the public, to have been as mucli regarded, as if they were one day older? If this affair had not been fo quickly decided, I ne- ver fliould have been charged with omitting tofpeak in time. But I muft not quit Mr. Galloway, What mult the public think o/a man who dares to abufe them by the groirell deceptions, with the pious in- tention of injuring another ? He fays, *' that, dur- " ing the time of the feveral debates rcfpedting the " change of government, Ifeldom attended, and was ** abfent when the important one came on, which *' iffued in the refolve to adjourn and confult the •* people." Yet the candid Mx.Galloway'knO'fis — that there never was any debate in the aflembly, fince I hive been a member, refpeding the change of govern- ment — until that which iffued in the refolve to ad- journ — und that Twos then ill. Again, he fays, *' at the next meeting (meaning that in May)y^- *' 'veral motions were made to bring this refolution to ** an i/Tue, atd, after great deliberation, it was re- " folved by a majority of 27 to 5, that a com- *' mittee ihould be appointed to bring in the peti- '* tion to his majefty to refumc the powers of go- " vernment. — But at none of thefe debates and re- " folutions was I prefent, though I well knew, or at A *'Jeaft ■ ■••. * |[ 43 ] <* Icaft had great reafon to cxpeSl^ this bufwefs z'jas in " continual agitation.:*,,,^ ..,,,, , ,„ '*!-..• i f?" t: -"^?ri nj Yet the correift Mr. Gallowny knows, that there never was a motion — or debate — or refolution, concerning this matter, upon the meeting of the houfe in May — until Wednefdciy the 23d day of the month, when I was taken lick, as has been men- tioned—and \.\\2Lt I attended as diligently as himfelf till that day, "'\"' This account of the time when every tranfaclion paffed in the lioi'^ —and of my attendance, is taken from the minutes of aflembly, and the book for en- tering the attendance of the members — both which I have carefully looked over in the prefence of Dr. Moore, the clerk, who therefore is perfeiSlly ac- quainted with the truth of every thing I have averred. . l.rf\ , ^^ A Another charge againfl: me is, that " 1 formed ** my thoughts into order, and reduced what I had " to fay, into writing, in an unparliamentary way.'\ I ACKNOWLEDGE myfclf guiIty of taking feme pains to put my thoughts into order, and that my notes were long and exad, that I might thereby be enabled to deliver my fentiments with clearnefs. I regarded this as a duty, upon an occafion where ' fucJi an interefting fubjec^ was to be difcufled — and I was encouraged to ufe this Wf?^/^— becaiife 1 once before had ufed it, and received luch public praifes from the prefent fpeaker, for introducing a method highly commended, and the next day injitated, by him, as afforded me the fmctrefl; pieafure — and I hope will " ferve to confole me, by balancing the " calumny with which I am loaded, becauje i v/ould G 2 " not m <( [ 44 ] not go THROUGH with meafures\jn]" which my confciencc and rcafon commanded me to oppofc. — '• A'itondu(5l! I am determined, whatever moon fhines on me or mtbdraws her beams, upon all occafions, steadly to pursue. —And as its own revjard is fufficient for me, I beg leave to rcftore to the gentleman's brows, from which it once fell [«], the *' laurel'd" wreath, that, unenvied, unfought, and un- uijhcd for by me, he has been pleafed — zvith what deftgn 1 will not prefumc to gucfs — to place upon mine, ioirlv/ ^j^nuny/ ni rj-j •• njifiem* ni bfisi I tYS'-"*!*'^?^ 7"** Mr. Gnlhivay alfo accufes me of having promifcd him a copy of my fpeech, and of not performing my promife. Here he is egregioufly miftaken. I told him he Ihould have the copy that night it was de- livered, ;/ / could get it ready. The houfe "broke up late in the evening. He foon after called upon me. It was not ready. He told me it would be too late^ if he had it not foon. 1 did not then underftand his meaning, as I did not in the leaft apprehend, the mod important matter that ever came before the houfe of afiembly, wns to be decided with lefs deli- beration than is generally bellowed on things of much flighter monnent. Next morning I took the copy to the Houfe in my pocket. No one called for it. 1 did the fame in the afternoon. The like U'C"] Preface to Pretended Speech, p. 'jz. "I would only ad- *•' vile him carefully jto prefeive ihc panegyrics with which" the profnetary fa£lion " have adorned hini': Ih time, they mviy/er've *' to cmi^U hhK\ ly h'alandrg the calumny thfy Jhall load him ivith, f* .^-beft Ije dqes t:'4,go thuough our/i) thftn hi ,all thdr nteafures : .**,^qvviil not probajjly do the one,, and they will then afiuredly do *\ other.- — There are mouths that can blow hot as well as cold, and ■^'blaft on your /ycii-if the bays their hands have placed there.— {>«l£W/*i?rW credg RaltrtOi Let but ti^ maofi of proprietary favour )l{ (wiikdranxt \ti fiine for a moment, and that great number of the *• i->rv?dpa' gentlemen oiPkitadelphia, who applied to you for a ♦« a)p.y of your fpeech, fhall immediately defpife and deftrt you." — ■ ^ f »] Experto Crete Roberto. Preface to Pretended Speech, p. 32. ■r:>-^K;,.- . . ^ , iilence (( <( <c C( «( t 45 ] filence was obrervcd. I did not cliufc to fhcw any forwardncfs in forcing it on thofe who fecmcd will- ing to forget it. Had I afted oiherwife, I fliould have been called impudent and conceited by thofe who arc fond of bellowing epithets. -^noili; i ' 1 ot 3Vr')l ijori i ,m:;^ 'tot Jn*)iofhiJi u \4n>!n-^ Mr. Galhway fays, ** that I attempted to deliver " my objc(5lions againfl: the meafure ore tenus\ but finding every thing 1 offered judicioufly and fenfi- bly refuted by fcvcral members, I was obliged to retreat to my fpeech in writing, which, after a fhort introdudlory apology, I read in a manner not the moll deliberate." o'jfs 7t,'',Tc^\\t»;> ,qM - .Hi ,ri:).'i!)f|l \f(n to yqoD £ mir*- As to the laft part of this whimfical charge, I fhall not pretend to give any anfwer \ becaufe that would be in fome meafure allowing Mr. Galloway capable of judging, what is a " deliberate manner'* of fpcaking. As to the firft part —any man but Mr. Gfilloway would have difcovered why I began to fpcak, with- out recurring to my notes. The refolvcs were paft — and the petition ordered to be drawn in my ab- fence. I never had heard the change fpokc of in the houfe — and did nut know, but by information of others, the reafons by which the members had been influenced. Before I ofl^ered my fentiments, it was therefore neceflfary for me to difcover the argu- ments th^t would be ufed againft me. On the in- formation I had received, 1 had prepared my an- fwer ; but to make this anfwer appear with pro- priety, I thought it requifite to have the arguments of thofe who defired a change repeated before the houfe. I thi»w out general objedions,> and defired to know whav reafons could be thought fufficieht t3 engage the houfe in fo hazardous a meafure .f* Then the "judicious and fenfible members*' Mr. 4 Galloway • .1, [ 46 ]• Galloway mentions, and he among them — for that phrafc, I fuppole, is his way of complimenting him- felf — difcovercd all the arguments on which they relied. —They proved to be the famel cxpe6lcd ; and 1 •* retreated to my fpeech," which was prepared to anfwer them. The laft objfiflion made by Mr. Galloway^ of which I ihall take notice, is, *' that the fpeech, as printed, is different from that delivered— and that the preface fufficiently demonjlrates by whofe '* hands it has been drell up, and with what views •' it has been publilhed/" i( «t »9 Here he is again miftaken. The printed fpeech is exadly the fame with that I pronounced, except the corrections and addition? I made to compleat the fenfe, the evening before it was to be delivered to the members as is abovenrjentioned -— . and except fome flight alterations in a few places. I further de- dare, thiat I have not received the leaft aflidance from any perfon in compofing or correcting it j not even fo much as the addition of a fingle word j and that no man ever faw it, or knew that 1 had written it, except my clerk, who tranfcribed it — until it was delivered in the Ploufe. As to the preface, it makes no demonjlrathns that can affcil mt. Finding that Mr. Galloway and his cmiflaries were traducing me in every company, and mifreprefenting every thing I had faid — I thought thefc afperfions might be removed, by laying before the public the reafons by which 1 had been induced to adt as 1 did. This confideration had the more weight with me, on receiving a letter from Ibme gentlemen in this city, defiring a copy of the fpeech. Thev C 47 ] They being my conftituents-'-and men of the cleared charadicrs, I thought it my duty to comply with their rcqueft. I Tent a copy to them — and they had it printed with fuch a title and in fuch a manner as they thought proper, without ever conJuU- ing me \ which could not conveniently be done as I was out of town For immediately after delivering the copy, I *vas obliged to go into the country for my health. 1 went to ihtjerftys. While I was there, the preface was written and printed. I never faw it. — I never was made acquainted with its contents till it was publilhed. I do not even know at this time who wrote it, but by common report, ^^.^i „ . Every thing I have faid on thefe lad heads is known to be true by my friends; whofe virtue and good opinion I too much revere to appeal to thcni as witneTes, if I was not cot^fcious^of thc^«ivr/;v with which I fpeak. y^jju ?r: ; ; iw* ' !kfXf\t '-■^y Thus have \ faithfully laid before the public niy whole conduft relating to the change of our govern- ment, and the reafons on which it was founded. If fenfiblc and good men approve of my bejiaviour, I quit without regret the applaufes of others, and all the attendant advantages, to thofe who think proper *o court them. >fr Kk»\ r* ^ .- 'Mm^ ''\ TOHN BICKINSO^^ -'0£tJ3l3W2:)hERiTrf«> ■'^^>ti iKil I rbidw ^d ?noifc3-i sdj :>l(duq arfj A P P L N- x I a.i^ a.-i .1 •. i^ ,^':^.7^tW '''•■^^# •M- ■ - . - - I ■H-*-.. ■-■IP'' ■ •■ '■ ' ■"' ' *'" - ■■ ■ - - ;.»*-Ili| a 1,1. t 43 ] APPENDIX U^hatjin of mne could merit fucb a fate ? That all thefhot of dullnefs now mufi be From this /^Blunderbuss difcbarg^donme! _.v- • Pope; WEAKNESS and ignorance, when attended by modefty, are naturally entitled to pardon and to pity. But when they impudently pretend to the characters of wifdom and knowledge — when they aim at power, which they underftand not how to cxercife— and to honours, which they underftand not how to deferve — when they make ufe of their good fortune in life to wound their country— info- lendy to abufe thofe who know and defpife them— . and when, with proud and folemn formality, they demand a refped: by no means due to them — then they become the proper objefts tf contempt and ridi* cukt if not of hatred. -'■*- It is not my intention to trouble myfelf with obfervations on Mr. Galloway's continual breaches of the rules of grammar [<?] ; his utter ignorance of [o] " But, Sir, let me aflc, what ** public good", what fervice to our country can we do, when proprietary inftruilions aud proprie- tary primate intereft zs to enllave our judgment, at. J to rule in our councils ?" Pretended Speech, p. 76. at tJie bottom. " Befides, Sir, I have feen the ofMnioc of ibnie very great aen, his xnajefty's iervrants, and often near his perfon, that the pvwers of government is an intereft that cannot oc transferred or alien- ed."— Pretended Speech, p. 43. Penttjyhania edit. — Cottf£beA, the Edition reprinted at Lmdoitt to '< fowbr of government « it *( «( in n is" &c. H the . » t 50 ] the Englilh language i the pompous obfcurity and fputt^riti^ prclixity r^igniog through every part of his piece-, and his innumerable and feeble tautologies [p], Xhis labow would be too great. I only intend to pre- fent to the public, ftript of that bundle of words in which he has rolled them up, a fmall coUedlion of his rhetorical flowers and figures. Sorry am I to fay It— flowers ^\\.ho\\t fragrance— ztiA figures Wixh- out force. Yet oerhaps their novelty may recom- mend them. ^'"^'^'^H^^4M *H:«V;i^iv<i*^,t.' . ■{^ Some authors nav^e induftrloufly endeavoured in their writings to furprize their readers — and fome readers have thought this a great merit in authors. With gentlemen of this tafle, Mr. Galloway muft be a darling writer— for no man ever poflcft fo^r- prizing a way offurprizwg his readers. A few in- ftances will difcover his excellence in this kind, v^*' Let us but ccnfider, fays he, that the experi- ** ence of ages fully demonftrates ivealth to be the ••^ parent of power, the nurfe of influence : and that " an increafe of wealth will a« naturally beget an in- ** creafe of power and influence, as an increafe of "velocity, in the falling Jom, will pioduce more :^* certain death [ij.'*"'^ oa. iiiaut*(^u '^'%N:'th^tfiii^1ffi^ a^\Hi^milfe,^to/^is the nurfe of influence — but in the fourth, this nurfe is the begetter of influence-^ a tranfition fomewhat fudden ^M odd -^ "but it dbe^ riot ftop here — for, three pages further fr], ^lihegetiing nurfe is turned into mlT'jlu yd lU't IrjiWirtno:) (7ifc ii.ijiriw ,.',>-? [p\ Pretended'Speech-^pafliai--*** gmat^ft^aJjh and moll m- *' vai uable jewels"— " bondage and thraldoni" — " fpending and i^V-w^itii^'-*** &l»itlf^.^a4, ioeffe^pal""^" conduft and beha- *« viour" — " fuch horrid guilt, Tufh heinpu? pffences" — "ground- efs fears and righ((oI ap[prehcnr;on&"-*^'^» &C. &.C. &c. , £y] Pretended Speech, p. 57» [r] Id. p. 60,, lin. 13. ^* V a wea- <-« [ 5" ] a weapon, and put into the hands of its own child, influence; What now coujd a reader expeft, that this wicked cjiild^ ifnproh's M plter [^J; Would do with the w^r/e tliat ^e^af him, .Changed into a Will he cut and deftroy ? No! With that ztJea- pov, he will — what wiU he do ? ^^'En-dreafe [i\ bur " difcredit, and the minifterial difplcafure." What vivacity of invention ? what uncommomefi ia the figure? what/r^«F//5» in the expretTion ? -Aj-^^ But this Is not the only beauty of this curious fimile. What precijion is there in the exprefllon of the falling Jlone? for what would an increafe of velo- city fignify to any thing elfe but -a. jlone? or to an](r other ^ont but the fa ll-ipg Jlone P Befides, how ex- actly has Mr. Galloway provided fome unlucky head for this ftone to fall upon, in order to producfe " more certain death ?" '''*^ -'■'""* Mr. Galloway* s ingenuity,' in forming the extra ordinary weapon abovcmentioncd out of the nurfe, n nothing, when compared with his following feats. Ovid, with his Metamorphojis, was but a type of him. , In fthe ninetieth and ninety . pages of his piece, he makes weapons (as has been hinted) out of the old control} between the crown and ihe iirft proprietor j '* out of an opinion of the king': fer- *' vants i" and out of the " quit-tents in. the lower " counti' J :" For having cppioufly mentioned thefe fcveral .natters,vhc.o&nchjdes» '^ THESE^^re the " WEAPONS, which I am confident will be ufed for ** the reftorattoit r;f our liberties r«T.*')brT"rt<):H i v? [i] Ovid. ;'^^^"-f/J Pretended Si)eedi,|ft6Q.-I^^ the Loudon edit, coireoed to increase. f>rf H"'"* " — "inor? »* [«] Prettnded Spccclr, p. 91; firi; f^, IfCi '^n bas njs'jiebl '» iiiii [ 52 ] If he can make "weapons out oi ficb Jlight fluff , it feems a probable opinion, tliat he can form them—- in his way I mean — out of an " ideal fhadow," or ** a chimerical notion" — or, what isftillnap^cextra- ordinaryi—cVen but of his own rouragei' ^ '-' ^' ,[ Mr. Gatd¥dj^\ '^-txtir fruitful in ufelefi inventions, lias found another way cf eiving^f^//?— and that is, by* ufing the fime word in different fenfes in the fame page of fenten<e. Thus, freaking of our* firft impradticable frame of government and its change, he fays—" if it (njeaning^the chap^e) is valid, then ^** the refolutibn qr thi^Houfe for a change, aflen t- /* ed to by nine tenths of the members met, muft be <' valid alfQiifV^ 1* bap— "/fl^fem ''- SuT the rcfoJution pf the aflembly alone cannot make a change.of tlie government i and therefore he cannot mean, that it is valid in thej^w^ manner with the Hrd; change, which was made with the confent of e'V!ery hta72ch of the legislature. So that by thefe .words, vcUd ^^jipufl; be intended fome other kind , of validity of which no man but Mr. G«/i<w;<ty can form afi idea— unlefs it be, that this valid refolution binds thofe who rilade it, and no body elfe., ,". >. Mr. Galloway feems to be very fond of thefe ab- ftrufe meanings, which has inclined ibme people to , think him addi^cd to t!ie ftudy ;.of tfie <JW/ Jif^ms f^j^jTO^ti fife could 4ncluce14?n to talk of tx] Pretended Speech, p.^i, t^ori^l >,^t-.K -, ,- ,,; o.^^.,-;?' -A^v.'|^3^Tbisi«JpIK>!fi>»WfvA^»ftlitppe«^ wiwiiifynftbJip, ififcheoon- £dered» Uiatl Ml, C?^//"*!^ fp(3ak» ^ dired tei^s q^ " th£ ro-yal J M«PiCMi«i*'ca»oKpf«i5o».u|iJd.T»P^ by (Mkpts inttlv^ocguU kktuxf, witH-v^vm kiftgfii^ l^se fftfonderful frcret* by which dead per- !i<&a)9 :nayti>e r«ft«H}4^i^4'^ * fti'4 ivhait rsndfrs ahq fuppofition jinoMJttftiOrJii^rj^dliedwceftthe matter to a certainty, isr- that Mr. AGai^i^^tiis!^ ^tL^^!^Q&^}xiJ^ Very/ame (kmit,. Pretended Speech, p. 91, .g .q- — rb^^qS '*llqfn93iB.tn3\-?tq ■)ii:*.- diim ■>'■', ,. : .- ■ :.'■ ' . the [ 53 3 " the king* s flaming our governors mih his hands ^^ or of people's reading with the'w meu/hsy and heating with their eyes " We a(k the king, fays he,.to take the j»fww//^» ** of the governor who is to rule his people into •* his royal i&A^</j [?;]"-— and afterward^ rr-*'!9|n we ?* ftop the MpuTus and clofc theEyE&.pf <i//^^- «' land and Aer/Vtf^ or prevail op his majf ijty, or f* the minifters, to bwry in oblivipn what thcy.h^ve, «« ere now^^Co o^(;eftAf ad and hea^ i?ifel:?-,V,mn What a cWrmlng confufion, what a motley mix- ture is here— of " ftoft moutfis**--" plpfcd eyes" — « reading and hearin*g"— -** all kk^and and ** ^merica**^-^^^ majefty" — and miniftry.— ' Who that meets with fuch eipr^nibhs as thefc, and has read EccUJiaJlicus, can forbear admiring the tlU ,'i)i'' II, J«] Pretended Speech, p, 54 and €t^ ^ > - rl . f> , '\ 1 ! r a] Pretended Speechf p-:S^. "But, Sir, fhould we waive lefe things, an4 draw bur petition jn a difl«rent drefs, cain we an- " nihiiate the mefla^s between the governor and afllmWy ? can *< we withdraw the governor's prodantations ? can we hold the *< hands of his maj^/i general, whpfe aid ute wei« obj^cd to ac- « cept, from giving ih^ intcUigenqe .^ cafi W.e.ibp the 0Mur/iv and f clpfe the eyes<X all Ettgland axii j4mrtca, 6i prevail on his nta- ** jefyt or the minifiryi to bury in oblivionwhat they have, ere now, N. B. M£i^t9fiddop9wt ipcIod^:/A<^4'«s:^/»»<^tr» >^^'^ ' Mr. GaUo-way may inde^ iay^ thfyL,th«l cxpreffion of '* refid^^ *♦ with the moutif** ij proper wneh^ iAiA\>;ads afoMJ. I graiot it \inder thatrepi/iitl^^^&iiijaefo^htikh^^f^^^ that all England Ann Americot hnnhistnajejly Atan iYiC miniflry read aloudf Ijke boys in a country fchool. 5,| .rfjj ;■;'>; 3^^' ' /.] Perhaps fom0pet<6$H6 nftay )hiHit< ^ttmitiiBl^^piilitMii^^alla- nuay^ in this part of wktt'He^Ii hip' fpeech, tlban I hiav^yei Ac- knowledged ni)CeIf to jbcy fii^ce hefteind tbUave aimed at an//)!iiar<z- tion of theie tny«xpreffibiMi*-i<>* l%Oiigik 4M fhoiild keep the (e- *< cret, can wefeal up tflM^Up^of tb«l'^f^plri0«>f9? can we Tecall *' our meffages to ^j gOve^Aor ?' eaiv^«linii%Uate 'oitr own yc- '< folves? willinbt4i^^-^willnbt«nyetf^tkertfdiftDver4hs/r»i^tfi>^ *' of the prefent attempt V^ Speech — p. g. / ; - i? '" - ' truth [ 54 ] truth of that verfe, which fays — " The heart of the ^^ foolijh is like a airt-wbeel% ^Si'^h^.thwgpts are like ** a rolling mk'tre^lbV'^ J' tyj^ \m « -.^i — iU.i\yv . ,awoi:> 3iiJ, OJ n3vi^ rSJciia hnR ^\i[ io v ; ; Nothing lefs thari a love of the tfftf«// fiiences^ can give one a true relifh of thefc myftical lucubra- tions, with which Mr, Galhwoj/^s piece abounds. Any perfon may obferve, that bis meaning always ap^ pears like an objedt in a mift, that renders it con- fufed and indidinft ; which kind of deception may caufe perlbns of weak fight fometimes to miftake a lamh for a lion^ or Mr. Galloway for a gentleman* . • How rcn^ote from the plain, common mode of fpeaking Is tl.is fentence, " we have often attcmpt- •' ed to obtain relief from oppreffion from the pro- <* pifictaries, but in vain{r].'* The reader may guefs at the meaning — but the writer leaves it doubtful^ whether application was made to opprejfton againft the proprietors,— * or to the froprietors againft oppreffion*),-. ^<:i>;.>;jiwic.iv . . 'What a beautiful obfcurity is there in this fentence? " If, Sir [d]^ a true reprefentation of the ^» uncommon mifchiefs which anend the liberties of *' a free people, arifing from the very nature of ** proprietary government [tf] — If a true ftate of our ''W ^clcfliftlca's xsxiB. '5. Jit tiilJidw' '%gni3r \d\ Pretended Speech, p. ga, 83., ., , , \[tf] quffire - WTiether the ki/chii/s'Gt 'fih'ertVs^nCe ""trom the *• Very witure 'of pfoprietnl^y gb^cttttttentf** The reader will no doubt takenotice of toe pretty repetitidh of t|iat Uttle word " if/* which Mr. Galtoivay feems to have introduced with no other in- tention, hut to reicue tjie poor monofyllable from the obfcurity, in Which hai'd hearted authors haVe fuffered it to languilh — He has dOn&tt)<;'iarme|ullke in ibvetH places to the ment of that other diminitive word '• OF.*' Jnejifm gr^itia-farviu Virgil. **prefen; C( «i <t Ci E 55 1 " prefcnt confufion, both in and out of our pnblid councils— If ^ jufi account of our prefcnt in- fccurity of life and cftate, given to the crown, be zjuji caufc of terror, then the gentleman's panic njufi. But, Sir, tbefe things^ I conceive, are ra- ther caufes oijoy than fear. *Tis from hence, wc muft hope to be relieved from our prcfent un- ?' happy circumftances.*' v j> m j,. ■-,. - ix ^.m ?:u. Now, what tbif^s can a reader find in this de- fcription, if he is a good man, that are " caufes of *^joy?** Not the puulic misfortunes to be fure.-^ "What then ? Not the " reprcfentatioa" " ftate"and •* account" of calamities, becaufe it is faid, " they ** are true." What then can be a " caufe oijoy /"* Eureka ! Eureka ! This " reprefcntation" " Itatc" and " account" may relieve us from our prefent unhappy circumftances. May they fo ? But, mtil we are fo delivered, if we are the miferable people we have been defcribed, a patriot, in the midlt of prefent misfortunes, would, from an uncertam pro- fpeft of relief, hardly find " caufe of joy," though he might entertain fome hope. A man on the rack would fcarcely feci jcy, though he might have ex- pedtations that he would fome xime or Qthcrube.r©- leafedfi-n- vs-iv sdr m&iji ^oti-lnH ,;)lqoig ^t)rt ;-. .*< • to 3i£f] 3ij'jji;'i'i— r^l jn^/T}nif»vo« ^^nm^inqmn "" This may be called the true " twilight way of ** writing," which, like the ba*- in the feble,ikeeps in the middle bctweeny^»/eand nonfen/e, to the ex- ceeding edification and entertainment of thoib rea- ders who like paragraphs that, ar&, n^fimous and wordy y becaufe they fhew depfh zfi^langmee* Anothsr fentencc, iii which Wr. Oaihioay^Wei the reader a very pretty furprizeyh that» wfoc he fays— ."this colony has fo remarkably flouriihed, .; * . "and [ 56 ] ** and mw takes oflP fuch vaft quantities of Englijh ** manuiiiAures« from n» othtr cat^e but her exte^vc How mw and ftriking'n thia obfervation ? Any other perfon would have ikid, that " the people *' took off fucli vaft quantities by reafon of their '' neceflTides or luxuries." But Mr. Gitlloway fcorns fuch trite notions— «He eftabjifhes a new dogma — *' our extenfive privileges take them off." Broad- SHOULDERED PRIVILEGES [^] indeed ! - • « Perhaps, if he (hould write a comment on his own text, he would lay— that he meant, that the extenfive privileges occafioned the fettlement of this province — and the fettlement occafioned the de- Tnattd for the manufa«Stures — and yo the privileges were caufajine ^ua non[b]. But this argument will not extricate him — fince, if he travels ib far back- wards, the fame. way of arguing will oblige him to go ftiil further— For tho% privileges would not have been granted by fVilliam F«if»— unlefs Charles the Second had Brit made a grant to /&;>»— which would not have been, but for his father* s fervices — and ib, tbefe fervices of old admiral Penn, who died in the laft century, ** now take off fuch vaft quan- •* titles of Englijh manufadures.'* In this extraordinary manner does Mr. Galloway in- duljM himielf in his pohtical reveries. Even the moft fiinple and common obfervations in life, ut« terly lofi; (heir Ibrce in ;hi& language. /] Pretended speech, p. 52. [/] Pretended m 14* p. 61. p5] TKat is, " the c^Qfe without whidi the manufaflnres would ^«ol Uve been taken off*." The "'^^$vfwri ** .1 .. - " C 57 1 tu The myfticalluctthrnton^ among whom i^ may w'hh juftice claim the prefuient's fear, feem tahtfirfh couftns to the authors of the profund (lylc. Cer- tain it is, that they arc governed by the fanie^Ja^'S, and that there is a wonderful refemblance in the! »• produ(5tions. In order to prove this, I (hall beg leave to mention the rules to be oWerred by that numerous and venerable focieiy, as they are tle- fcribed by Mr. Pope^ in i»is learned treatife riEPl BA0OTS. ' ' «( cc (( (i (( tt (( (( <c <c **• I WILL venture to lay it down as the firft maxim and corner- ftone of this our art; that whoever'^ would excel therein rriull IVudioufly avoid, detell,' - aud turn his headi'rom^ all the ideas, ways, and'*^ workings of that pellilent foe to wit, and de- *"' flroyer of tine figures, which is known by the ^^ name of common fenfe. His bufinefs muft be to'^^ contra<5l the truegouf de travers \ and to acquire a: '^^ mod hdippy, uncommon^ unaccountahk way of think- -'S ing. His dcfign ought to be like a labyrihtb^oMt-^* of which no body can get clear but himfelf [?1"^'^-^ Again — "our autho- of this ftyle rhould \kf^ it down as a principle, to fay nothing in the uftml "^ way, but (if pofTible) in the direct contrary; '^ therefore the figures muft be fo turned, as to manifeft that intricate and wonderful caft of h^ad] ., which diftinguiftrcs all authors- of this ki^^d ; ?bf'*i** (as I may fay) to rpprcfef.t exac'llf the wtiU \k'-^'' which they were formed, in alt its imqualitiSi^ca''^'^ vities^ohliquities^odd crannies ^ and dijiortions.'* " It may be obferved, that the world has l>deii^' long weary of natural things. How rau^li,^ibi ^^^ v'j' [/■] Pope's works, vol. vi. p. 172. I (( contrary [ 58. ] " contrary are formed to pleafc, is evident from the ** univerfal applaufe daily given to the admirable ** entertainments of Harlequins and Magicians on ** our ftage. When an audience behold a coach '* turned into a v. heel- barrow, a conjurer into an ** old woman, or a man's head where his heels " fhould be \ how are they ftruck with tranfport "and delight [/tj!" •', Yet wh^^ ^re allthefe, when compared with Mr. Galloway's changing in an inftant awwr/^ into a wea^ pcn^ and putting that weapon into the hand oi its own child ? or, what are they to his forging wea^ pons out of an old parchment^ an opinion^ and arrears of quit-rents? what author of the profund can vie mih, thiJ^Qm^Pcnnfylvanian patriot ? t05i:"' A. ■> ■■ - • <«« y Te little Jiar Si bide your dimini/hed heads. . ;j Not to dwell upon other inftances, how exquifite- ly mcommon, unaccountable^ and unnatural, is his making our privileges take off all the Englifh beer and cloth imported into this province ? and alfo his making the king ftrip us of liberties, of which WC wQii^itript. before ? . , H y n:\rrr ->f won bf'5~.~-'-v -fiu The great poet I have mentioned further ob- fcrves, " that the manner of thefe authors forming , ^•* their thoughts is aided by familiarifing their •' minds to the loweji obje5is \ and exercifing them r'** on the drees of nature/ tunc •W >1 ', Nui^BERLESs inftances in our author's piece prove how much his thoughts have been formed on this |)lat)." I will only mention one, where, to revive and. iir^ . [4J- Poor's worlu, vol. vi. p, 190. Oif Y [/] Id. p. 180, 1-8 1 n i IC^ii' re galf . r 59 ] regale his reader's imagination, he kindly puts him in mind of a certain fweehfinelling place. .» * These, "with many other parts" of this our " political inftitutor," which mull be remarked by any careful perufer, are ** irrefragable proofs" with what diligence and fuccefs he hath ftudicd the afore* faid treatife. = '^ \ '**^n't^^i t«iM ** I NOW proceed to that renowned page, where the \vhole powers of Mr. Galloway's genius arc coliedtcd into one dreadful fimile. ah i&tlw .10 " With great propriety (fays he) a political body " has often been compared to a human conflituthn. ** Let usfuppofe then, that a human eonftitution is at- " tacked by a violent difeafe, the effect whereof ** has nearly dejiroyed tht powers of life, and living mo- **/w»[i»], and nature is no longer capable [n'^ of " ftruggling for relief," — Surely this human tonfti- tution, whofe " vital motion ds well as its pdwers of •* life are nearly deftroyed," is novfjick enough for any fimile in the>vorld — - - , .n ujiij:/. tjna* *' Is not this the time to apply the remedy ? No? ** For it fliould have been applied before — and now •* nature is lo tiiuch exhaufto •, ihay " entirely de- " ftroy" her — which frequently happens, when ** people will venture to take phyfid uom quacks-, j/w ».jab Mt >♦>»•> j^ivj 4^VNmii Oil roj eijriim '■* [w] This is a midake -^ fcnt ii f ? vital** in the original — how • ever it is to he hoped chis error will be excufed, as the words <• vital" and •* living" have nearly the fame meaning. [»] It is to be remarked by the reader, that, though nature is ** no longer capable of itruggling'* at Ae beginning of this iimile, yet this is only to heighten the defeription'—, a licence freq^ueptly taken by Mr. GaUotvay — for, before the fimile is finilhed, {he "can *' and does ftruggle"— and the only dangtfr is, that ** death will " put an end to mem." rr) *» ^ I 2 •., " who [ 6o ] •• who arc a fort o^ gentry, never remarkable, be- '* foiT Mr. (Jalloway made the difcovcry, ** lor ** waitifjg in hopes of feme luc ky crifis'*— Now or " NEVER, is a motto, that fuits all empirics. *'-^ ** The powers of lepiflature truly refemble tbefcuU ** which animates and dircrts" not only ** the coK" ' •* du^l'^ but ** ihc behaviour, of the political injlitu- \ •' tion.^* Yet thrfe " powers of Itgiflature truly re- '^ ^^'frnihlirg the foul ^^ m\t lines afterwards are fo '^' *' checkfd and controlled, that they are almod an- ."^ " NIHILATtD**— poor foul ! ** An upright adminiftration of juftice refembles *♦ the active bloody which, by its pure and uninter- M.ruiitcd rourfe, prcferves and lupports its health '* and vigour." But we have no upright adminillra- ? tion of juiticc in this province, according to our au- '^ thor; and therefore, by his own fimile, no a^ive blood'xn our political injlitution. Yet immediately af- ter, he fays, ** in thcfe /wo vital parts,** to wit, the -^ \o'] pafitve foul and [/)}a(5tive blood " the fever of o " ambition and \q] arbitrary power is and has been - ** raging with unremitting violence." S'»'-^ Perhaps the author of this famous fimile may ,-5 fay, that,, by the f,* vital parts" he means the power .^ -of iegillature, and . the adminiftration of juftice — s^ But ih'> will be a contra^iidiQn of^ himfelf, for he "i^ only allows -' an upright adminiftration of juftice" -b;-to be a vital part \ anu is among us, *' the ftream -j^j ■ - • ■ 'do -;[«] y^^^ '^^^^ " P^^'^^" i? Ji^ferted here — it being fuppofed, that ., it ,WiW-9in>ttC'l by a mlftak^ in the original, as Mr. Ga//«way has 'Vjvcn tiiccpfthet of** aftive" to the blood, in order to diftinguilh ,K from foaie oppofite quality in the foul. [p] Quxre, if phyficians, forgeons or anatomifts reckon the " ** a6livel)lo6d" among the " vital parts?" ■hi 1^] Qua;rej what is the fever oi arbitrary pow. *. « *«of [ 6i ] ■ ** of jullicc is become fo turbid and thicks that it " can no longer difcbarge its dutyy"" this •* vital pan" compofcd of " an upright admipiftration" is wanting. i /-.^v HowEVER, if both thc(c vital parts fhoi^ld be an- nibilatedy Mr. Galloway has allowed the ftver room enough to exert itfelf. " It rages, fays he, in theie " two vital parts, with many <?/i»frj."— ** Well chofen, '* that exprejfton^ and prudently guarded [r]." — It »ages not only in the foul of the leg(/lature^ and the active blxjod of the adminifi ration *-~ hut in manv OTHER VITAL PARTS. Uncxamplcd energy of [s"] PVhen " aSlive Mood** Jhall flow in lifelefs veins, ^'he wondring world fliall fraife thy " turbid"y?r^/>^. Perhaps fome curious critics may be difguftcd at the preference Mr. Galloway gives the legijlative powers over an upright adminiftration ofjujlice^ in com- paring the firft to ** that particle of divine air [/]'* the foul ; and the latter to mere matter — the blood. — But this feems to be too hatty a cenfure, by no means to be adopted — for it is to be obferved, that foon after, in faying " ihefe two vital parts," he places the foul and blood cxadlly on a levels making them both ** vital parts" without the leajt diflin^ion, Befides, Mr. Galloway^ when he ufcs the word " foul'* or " fpirit," does not annex the fame idei to the term, that is always annexed by others— for he talks of a ** fpirit" that may be " worn «»/," and ** dijjblvedy** and to which " reviving medicines may be adminiflred.'* — ** And, if fuch a medicine can be ob- tained, fhail we not even attempt to obtain it, be- t( ' nn:u Ja. y\ Preface to Pretended Speech, p. 31 ^q 1| *'n>:.;y r*^ i] Blanfted. :,fU . : :-oofd ovffti ^» tl Divina fartiiulam auritv'^ •• Horacj^.^o.-j '-"^ « for- [ 62 ] . /. ** fore the midnight gloom approaches, and fatal ** DEATH puts an end to our ftruggles ?" Undoubt- edly ! Difffor-^ and, if it proves a preventive againft thefe dreadful diforders — w/Wwjf ^/ glcmznd fatal death ^Kh&W hereafter entertain a better opinion than I do at prefent, of thofe bold pretenders, who undertake ro ciire all difeafes *« paft, prefent, and to " come,'* by aRpYAL Medicine, or fome other mjirum, with the like pompous title— • llSfiNc- ' ^ H V F I N 1 S, > ... • V ^, , 'J P .'■»> ■.ii:l ,|i^3)itt<j>< •>> 'At. ibt- inll ital ion 'ho to 1 7i \ ■ ^.. ■ / -1 V . - Av , l^i ' ^r:- ii. ^ fl :'■ i ^HE Tamphkt called. The Speech of Jofeph •■ Galloway, Efq; was fublified on Saturday the 1 \th ^ Auguft. — TZv next day I left Town to attend the Courts in the Lower Counties, and did not return till the 26th, — The follow-^ ing Reply was written in the f mall Intervals I could /pare from the Hurry of the Courts at Dover and New-Ccftle, and thefe frequently interrupted,^-^The Court for Chefter County began the 2%th, and held till the 3 \Jl of Auguft; <7«^ Philadelphia County-Court began yejler day, fo that it has been impofjible for me to prepare this Piece for the Public, in the Manner I wijhed to do* I hope the Reader will therefore befo kindy as to excufe any Inaccuracies that may be dfcc* 'vered'y which I Jhould have carefully endea* voured to correB, if my Bufinefs had not pre^ vented me, Philadelphia, '-. Sept. 4, 1764. -