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PRINTED AT THE REPORTER OFFICE, PHOEMX SQUARE. 1847. k 4 ' Wa«|i*MMMt)MflHtM4MMl*MM The Author, Richard M'Farlan, of the Parish of Saint Patrick, Charlotte County, New Brunswick, British North America, entitles this little work. His Studies on River and Buook Fisheries, Slc. Having had the Fishing principle under consideration for nearly twelve years, no pains have been spared in trying to invent im- provements from time to time, in order to have it answer the best purpose; and feeling confident that the principle is a good one, the Author recommends to the Public to put it in practice with as little delay as possible. It is reasonable to try any lawful business where there is a prospect of great success; and by establishing River and Brook Fisheries extensively, with good management, and through the as- sistance of Divine Providence, no doubt great benefit will result thereby. Should the Fishing principle bo conducted agreeably to the ex- planation that is giveia in this Pamphlet, no doubt that by taking the matter fairly into consideration, with few exceptions, the whole Public will feel interested in the welfare of the Fisheries, and the owners thereof will no doubt be well paid for their enterprise, and they may with great propriety be called liberals, in deed, and in practice. .^^WMtiPiiW* " ' "- '■ ""■•^ li ■ ^...«^«,«.j«WJ»li«"-~«— '-■•■* -J***"""'"*"**"^' ■mmmt^rmi ji w mi P" «^ RIVKR AND BROOK FISHKRIES. It is a lamentable fact that many River Fisheries have been des- troyed by bad management. They may be reclaimed; and Fish- eries may likewise be established on small Brooks that are now un- occupied. The fact is, that by establishing and carrying on River and Brook Fisheries properly in countries where the climate ia suitable to Salmon, Siiad, Bass, Alewives, Eels, Stc, it would be the means of a great portion of wealth resulting therefrom. I will now call the attention of the Public to the immense number of spawn that is ia a Herring, and then proceed to show how River and Brook Fisheries may be made productive of large quantities of Fish. A middling sized Herring has about 200,000 spawn. I will suppose an Alewife to have about the same number, and a Salmon likewise to have 200,000. Two hundred thousand full-gro*vn Alwives, or Gasperaux will fill five hundred barrels, allowing 400 Fish to fill a barrel, consequently 10 female Gasperaux will yield 6,000 barrels, providing each spawn would become a full-grown Fish. Small Fish have many enemies, it is therefore necessary to make great allowance. Suppose a River, or a Brook Fishery were to be established where no Salmon nor Alewives resort, that would be intended to yield 5,000 barrels of Alewives in 1850, the same quantity in 1851, and as many in 1852, supposing the Fish to be half male, and half female; in order to make sure of the quantity, in lieu of depositing 20 Fish in the Lake, or pond that is intended for the Fish to spawn in, deposite 4,000 live Fish per year in proper time, in 1847, forty eight, and forty nine. Then allowing that only one Fish for every 200 spawn became full-grown, and return in good condition, the Fishery would yield 5,000 barrels in 1850, the same amount in 1851, and as many in 1852, allowing the Fish to gender when they are three years old. Five hundred Salmon at the same rate in number of spawn if the calculation hold out good, would yield 5,000 barrels, allowing 40 Salmon to fill a barrel; 200 lbs. in each barrel, [I t' It appcara vousoiiiiblc to ino that u Fishcpv nf «l>, • ,u ,.• < at iho outlet oi u JJrook, supposing the Lnko to be about one mile long and about llu-ce nulcs round it, by buildin^r a dun. a the outlet of the Lake, or .n some suitable place to tW^he watt ^rcces ary he.ght on the Lake to make sure of a plentiful supply f vuter n reserve to let down for the aeeommodation of the Fi h w£ H.y arc gomg up, and likewise to give them a necessary upplv on the.r return, to insure them a safe pa.s,,re into the So i fn^ .kewise to have a necessary depth ol^vat =r co tin ally on t e beach round the Lake in order that the Fish may use he sandy beaches as they hke, and not have their spawn ' apprehend that thol IS slaughter waylaying them. The reason why I did not make V ♦».-•-■ ri'igjtmm,-,, ^vppmf ■,-^fte^. .,^^ mmmm0m»-f,tMmm m {Tftte 10 the slaughter pool of my FUli Way inodol lor (lin'.vjiig llio water of!', in, tliiit it would make it incouvciiifrit iu .some rc»pccld while exhibiting it. SupjiosK J Fisliery was to he eslahlialicJ at ilic out-lcl of sonip small Lake of thi-' size bufore iiuineii. calcidatcd lo yield r>,()0() biirn/L^ ol' Salmon [irr ytvdr, and ilio saiTij (luaiitity of Alewives. Suppose tlio rxpfinac of tlio l''i8liery when llio above iiuim.'d amount of Fi-ili arc roady to ho cau^dit, and auliioK hins, ami buildings, i cost 'Js ; yah Ihr calling and repacking a barrel of Aiewives, Is (id ; eatching, siahinjT and ropankinf! a barrel, Is Od ; niiiking a total amount of ;"s per bnrrol when tlie lisli arc ready for market. Siip;K)yo Salmon Id co.st one sliillinK per barrel extra for s>lrippni^% Sci ., When fj.OOO barrels of Alewives arc i-ady Ihr market, make th(» fishery dobtcn" lor tlie same al 5.'; per I)arrel, - - 1,850 Wben 5,000 barrels of Salmon are ready for market, make the Fishery debtor for the same at (is. per barrel, - - - 1,500 Suppose Alewive.s to bo worth 7s (id per barrel — one fourth of 6,000 barrels i.-^ l,yi5U barreks, tliat amount to bo yiven to ', tho public is 408 1 j Suppose Salmon to be worth 25s per bauel — one foorlli ol* 5,000 barrels in l.'^.'iO barrels, tliai amount to be given to tlin Public is To balance duo tho Shareholders, ... floNT.'IA. (.'i:, By 5,000 barrels Alwives at 7s Od per barrel ia jL" 1,875 " 5,000 barrels Salmon at 25s per barrel is 0,250 . 1 ,502 10 - :M3 15 i,'8,125 t) — X*B,125 Should the cost of salt and ban els. Sac, exce«d what is named, add tho ditlerenco to the price of the Fish, or otherwise let the Company he at the loss. Were the above calculations to hold out gi,od, the I'ishory would clear itself wi'' the first year's fishing, providing the above named balance would be sufficient to pay Clerks, kc. No one to be allowed to take beyond a limited number of shares in a Fishery. When Fisheries are about to be established subject to tii-^ new arrangement, where River Fish arc scarce, it will be well to pass a Law ngainfit catching such kinds of Fish as ascend fresh water Rivers for three or four years, or until the fish get plenty. Let Indians, and other colored People receive equal sharers of the Public Fish. liCtMen, Women, and Children take Stock in River and Brook Fisheries. Let Parents advance for their Children, and receive the income until the Children are of age; then let each Child when it is of age receive its share or shares in the Fishery, When Parents are poor, and not able to take Stock for their Children, let any one that may think proper take Stock for them, and recive half the income, and the Children the other half That would give the rich a chance to help the poor, and likewise increase their own fortune. Poor Men and Women that are not able to take Stock might receive help in a way something similar. Let -wtftrf j-Rfet-iiiB,,-' .; l! t ( B ) number „,>eu,,, „,;„ ,„, ,X ,H , ^ " 'T'' ""■ ° "■"•"■'" '"'"'"J poor P,.op!c, ir.hcy .hmk pro ,o . ad^rl '. T' l?°"r'''=«Plo: I't ■!.« and make plenty of mor.evbvrhiK^^^^P^'"'' Tor exportation chants purclmso^VleS ^o^r tt d' iT''- 7^'- ^^^''' ^"dia Merl "•the West Indies, and Sahnon fo^ doll'"'' ^'\ ^"^^"^^ ^^'^ ^-'•'^^ v.duals .0 the West Indies so lot a i'"'" ?^'' '''"•''«'' "nd indi- barrel by the single, and ' d ^at Sat"''/"'' '^^''^^ ^^""--^ P^^ first year's F^Z he/w irSi: A t^ '^"■"t!''"-' '''^^ -'^'^ '^e f^^}^'^i:Z^r^::;^^^ ^« -ecessa^ to from places where they are to bo h^,!' , * "'' '"''^^ ^e brought fitted up for that purposT They rnilht ^'^ '•' ^'^^^^^^^^ '''"'"'"bly place to another along shore in LoH^ f'e conveyed from one suitable in a 'og canoe%r skyStt^dl T' t'f "^^" '^« ^""^ *« necessary number of a..ger holell, Z K . ^'^^ P"'''"^^^" Make a craft to let the water circulate (wl ""''"'' ^"^ ^'^es of the top of the craft with bo'"dt ^r S^^^^^^ the top of the craft with boards, or any'otherZ-MM '^"''•' ,^^'"'' ^^"^ the Fish'in, an!^l when the Ff-h '''''''' ''^^''"^ l>y towinrrthefrnnl"!!?.^./'''^ ?''«.•". cover Tind'thTn^procS b^ti^ing theTran:^". 1'^ '''^'^ are7n;7o;';? or any suitable vessel By man. Ji„ P^^^ """'"^ "''^'^ '^ boat, conveyed safe. When liv^ Fish f e toVi"' ""^ ^'^f ^'^^ "^^^ be purposes as before explained they wM r '""'"^''? '^^ ^and for in watertight vessels with plenty o^vater Jo""' t° ^1 transported able, ayd the water *il| require Z iT^ T^^ '''^'" comfort- preservi the fish alive, and r^^. -^ '^'" ""'" "^"^ '° they are to be deposited ^ condition to the place where «trrat%rptrth'eircl^t:l.rthaTt°^r '^'^ -'-^ '-^^ -ter fght wiers. or dams across By Ch ""T"' *° '^"'^^ ^^«ter- sue', places with large swin.inf^/'ond f ""'j ""' ^''^'' ^^''''ss gates with grates &? nn^i ? ^ ' ood-gates. and other necessary ■ICmHiHP .««•>». JUii WM * ! ! ■WtMHM hares in (h« >rtuin limited ^jple; J«.-t the '■ge. oflering »f" the least irly income, ftho Poor is have plenty ry supply of d those who exportation, India Mer- I per barrel , '»nd indi- dollard per :loliar3 per 'd the same countries, » with the magement q'lantities :essary to J brought 5 suitably from one e wind is Make a es of the over the , leaving in, cover h a boat, I may be ^and for isported comfort- )rder to J where h water water- across cessai'y grates d, the on the kiu tb« ('■») wior hcforo lii^h water, and try to ascrnd l)»e atrenm, then by shutting them in, thoy can bo conveniently taken caro of. Tlu! watertight wior, or dam, Ki.sh \Vay.H, and Hlaiightor pools, and fresh water dam, should all bo built previous to the Fish pass- ing down atroum tiio first season after conunoncing to establish the Fishery, in order that the l''ish will not bo alunneJ on their return to ascend the stream by fnuling now work arranged in the water. Suppose there wore a great Fishery established with a large watertight wior suiliciont to hold 100,01)1) barrels, or a larger quan- tity of livi! Fish, by getting it full only once in one Fishing season, and occasionally half full, it would pay well. After the Fish are sliut in, the owners may manage them to the best advantage. It is particularly necessary to let a suiliciont (juuntity pass up yearly to brood, lot tho Fishery be large or small. I'robably in s!)ine cases when establishing groat Fisheries, it will bo necessary to have several passages of Fish Ways, say a double tier of Fish Ways, and each tier to have three passages, less or more, as tho nature of tho case m;iy require, each passage to bo about ten or twelve feet, more or less apart from f outre to centre, us may seem necessary. The right hand tier, and left hand tier if necessary to have a slaughter pool arranged similar as is shown by the Fish Way model. With such arrangement tho Fish may bo going in tho ono, while the Fishermen arc taking care of what are caught in tho other. My River and Brook fishing principle may be applied in any way that will bo found to answor tho best purpose. No exclusive right should be given, only to inventors, witlout a reasonable remuneration being made in sumo way for the privilege. [ don't intend that my River and Brook fishing principle shall be restricted, if suitable payment will otherwise bo made to me or my Heirs, Stc, for the invention. In order that the invention should do great good with ns little delay as possible, I recommend that the House of Assembly do grant £:)o,000 per year, for four years, making a round sum of £100,000 to be laid out by Government in establishing Fisheries on tho new ',>rin(iple in New Brunswick. Tho arrangement to be, that when individuals for:T! th('i;i.-!elves in Companies to establish Fisheries on tlio principle hero described, and have made any reasonable arrangement for carrying the design into effect, a com- mittee being appointed by the parties to see that nothing is wrong about the premises, then whatever may be the amount of tho Com- pany's stock, an oflicer appointed for the purpose to duHW on the Treasury for money as it may be wanted, to the amount of one tnurth of tho expense of tho Fishery or Fisheries. The Province to own one fourth, and the Companies to own thvee fourths of the »!stablislunciits. Tho Province right to continue to the end of time, but tho Companies right to be limited to 30 years from the first veai's fishing. Tho I'^ishcries then to go into the hands of new owners, by their paying a reasonable price for them, nothing to be . ^'ll^'J ' (10) allowed on account of it beino- a nrnt;f,Kl« k„ • i fi9lu»»g privilege ,s a nublici H.f ^''p f ^[>"«"ies3, because the hundred %r cent, per ye„, wS/l;::i''„" LrS'l'lJey w"!^ v^I proper management, exc usive of the Puhl.V F;«h "' "^%^^"' ^t" of all the Fisheries that may be establidied thereon dence .v;t . ''"'""" ^''^^ ^^^'^^^h the assistance of Divine Prov,- the deei, water below ,Ue dam up ll.eta^k 'Tbe „ol „72. F°V" Way may be six feet long, more or leas a^ the n-, ?,w, „r .1 K.ay require, including the thicknes/of-; dv ,ion nlanl « '""° the dam to be twelve feet high and tl e ivalerT, tl /I'PPosa of freshet to he r. feet in aldit'ion .0 t ."kX ' M ZIL" "Z should he water flow 6 fee, below the da,n figho hap X' C face of the water m the drought of surnne. boir.l 11,. 1 whou . IS at the lowest; that will cause the Fish to ascend Uvalll m passmg f.om the deep- water into the first pool ofthe Fis' W^' By having five pools to the Fish Way and the inclined plane of eadi in ni^ r"'" 'T P'^^P^"^'-"!'^'- and the Fish to ascend two ?ee in passmg from the upper pool into the pond they aet intn tZ i by ascending two feet Trom^he surface':>fl;'Se? ^^ tTm ^r eacn passage they pass through, notwithstanding the Fi Wav F^HU^n may be -de tw^^^^^^ t^^:;^-^^!- or deeper, as the .mture of the nase ,nay require, then to put'I' o t^ p p f( s P t t V s f I {. t < t (11) thick sheet iron plate with a holo twelve inches »quar« in its centre on the upper side of each passage, the plate to be so arranged that the hole will be in the centre, making an eddy on each side of the pass'uge the Fish will have a convenient chance to go snug to the plate and dart through to the next pool. In each division partition there may be a square hole of the be- fore named size perpendicularly over the lower passage, the lower side of the hole to be one foot" above the upper side of the lower passage, aad another passage in like proportion above, making three passoges in each partition for the Fisti to pass through when the water is at the highest. Suppose a Fish Way to De 12 feet wide inside, make the passages in the tirst partition 5 feet from the side of the Fish Way, and ir. the next partition let the passages be five feet from the opposite side of the Fish Way, and in like man- ner through, thus making a good eddy in each pool on both sides of the passaees and the water passes through directly in a range to one side of the passages in the next partitioi: below. The pas- sages for the Fish to pass through into the pond., not to be perpen- dicularly over each other, make them suitable to arrange a gate to each passage. The bottom of the Fish Way may bo on a level when the situa- tion of the place will admit of it, as the deeper the pools are the more Fish they will hold when catching Fish. The rish Way model that I am exhibiting is drafted on the scale of half an inch to the foot, consequently the passages being half an inch square that represent the passages >yr" the Fish Way that ave intended for the Fish to pass through, they will be one foot r^quarc The lower side of the passage for the Fish to pass through into the penstock, or pond will be one foot below the top of the dam. The lower passages are not intended to be open only to let the water pass through for cleaning the pools out after a haul of Fish is c^iught. When catching Fish, let a necessary quantity of water pass throujrh the Fish Ways, and slaughter pools, th» Fish will head the different currents and go into the Fish Ways, and slaughter pools. The heads and guts of Fish must be given to hogs, kc, hauled away to manure land, or otherwise taken care of, they must not be put in the water, as tlie rotten flavour they make will cause the live Fish to leave the premises. The probability is that there will require to be a strong penstock built on the upper side of the dam for the Fish to enter, and holes made in suitable places for the Fish to pass through. By building the penstock, and a permanent block of necessary size at the head of the penstock, both of which to be suitable arranged, and so high that the highest water would not flow to their top, and to be well ballasted, drift stuff' would never enter the Fish Way. Swppose there were to be a I h Way built a /^reat height in limited pnflce to pass a Great Fall. Say there is a good feundation ""^Si m h • (12) to commence building. In order t,^ ?.-.vo o. i**i • . nature of the case will admi T L , ^\"^'' '''^'S'^^ «« the i^r.y,r. I , aomit; I recommend to et the Fisih Wn^ water as before explained. Or should the JerJ. '"T '''' '^'f ^^ the arrangement .suitable for the iTsUo e.rte U-e Fi h W^' '"'^ out great ditficulty. Extend tho F Ih w " ^ ""-^ '''''''- withfn the limhs, tLntutd a ng'p o ^Z iV.'TwSi ''f ""r of the width of the Fish Way. Or otherwise niM f 'r"^'^'* in a right-angle form extending to Ihe ri.^ ^ or o f ^^^ '""^'"'"S. the case may require. Then a?vP fbo F-'i \i^ ' ^*'^ "''^"'^ ""^ l.mi.ed /pace, o.,.o„d li'ti.a'j; i';.:'.,;: ! S /Zf,,.': F ^i"' '^: nassinaEn .♦ ™"' ^''"'"= '" '^' ^"^ ^^-h^" the Fish are ?Sh n thr I' rw ' ^"'- "^'" ^ ""^^ ^^^^'^ '^"^^^ "»««1»«« to guide U e nn« I "'' ^7' ^'^''-^ '""^^ "«t pass down ovor the f"l Is im- possible to prevent them. Circular F sh Wnv« mV , , V iimited space, should it be found ntceJsarV UmrLt- nd'ne ' TrZi W Tr ^''"^ ''"'^''"S Fish Ways' to enable I id o pass" through high dams or pass great falls, to start from the dee watov down stream, an4 inclining up the bank suitably, foz!^ng poo sl^ digging, and with the use of stone and gravel dc cS \Tv;J Way a necessary di.stance, then turn it .uitabi;^ changing its cou se as often as the nature of the case may requiVe, ruiS in a z kr zag direction, and a necessary distance from the uppe>ei d of t^^ Fish Way, make a deep pool, then extend the Fish Way fVom 1 e Fish Ways may be made on small rapid brooks with the use of : X'rs"&c'T h;\"' "'' "'"" '' '^ ^''''''^' '^ ^^ tr^urand suckers, &c., on their passage up stream, use two jrrates ofnerrs sary space between the bars to let small Fish of such size as ;;^: not wanted to be caught, pass through, put a V.ra?e to the^n/'r P^^f oi'them^ev pool that is intended t o c aS the Fi ' ' and the small Fish will pass through and the la 'e ones w o whrnT'F\'"'T' If^- ''':^' ^^''^"^■^" kinds"i,aL to b e^ when the Fish are found in the trap put the other grate in a r,a«' sage below them, then take care of what are caughf, and arrange" to take moi;e in the same way. When E^fs ^%. nn.H 1.!! 1^!^%^"°? *" ^^'"^ ''''"' '"''y- ^'^^^ ^^^^ «re passinc down Btream the large ones may be caught by putting a grate" to the lower passage of the pool ti^at is intended to eatchlhenr n Wi en - v.«--.- „_ |i!TlP^^aM' ight as the 1^'ish Way >oth bottom n the deep Jeep, make Way witli- 7 distance i tlie length s inclining e nature of ther right- lien turn it end of the r the part , until the work pcr- eloar (he Fall. Be 3S, let the i way with ent block, Fish are guide the 10 falls if ! built in b'ind nc- 1 to pass icp water pools by the Fish ts course in a zig- id of the from the e rise of e use of out and f neccs- J as are e upper ^'isli in, will be breed, » a pas- irrange ? down to the When ■WM (13) they are prisoners, put a grate to a passage on the upper side, and mike them welcome by taking them out of the trap. By a similar arrangement the large Eels may be caught in all the F'tUx Ways, and the small Fish may be allowed to pass up through Fish Ways in general by the use of grates similar as before explained. Fish Ways may be made by digging, and with the use of stone, gravel, &c., thereby forming commodious pools, beginning ;;t low water, middle tide or high water, in the tide way ; thence extending acrocis iields, necks of land, or in any direction that is necessary that the prcHiises will admit, thereby connecting it with any water that is intended for the Fish to breed in. Shares in Fisheries to be limited at twenty dollars each, in order that many poor people will have a chance to take Stock. No one person to be allowed to take more than ten shares for a length of time in order that many poor people may be accommodated with shares. Those that are able to take a share, or shares, and refuse to take stock, not to be entitled to receive any of the public Fish. Indians excepted. Indians being the original settlers of New Brunswick, I think.it right that they should be allowed the privilege of receiving part of the public Fish without being restricted to take Stock in the Fisheries. The probability is, that a F'ishery will be in progress three years from the commencement, until it is com- pleted, consequently it will be a very poor person that will not be able to take a share in the Fishery, as the money will only be wanted to be paid suitably to defray expenses. Suppose a man, his wife and children to consist of ten persons, and the man to take ten shares in a Fishery for each person, making one hundred shares in all, that would be Stock to the amount of two thousand dollars, he likewise takes Stock for the poor as before explained, to the amount of two thousasd dollars. Then suppose the Fishery to yield 100 i)er jcent., per year, and the Stockholder to receive only fifty per cent, per year for the Stock taken in behalf of the poor, the poor to receive the other fifty per cent.; in tvvcnty years he would have sixty thousand dollars in re- turn for four thousand. That would be great interest, and suppose that three fourths of the public were shareholders, only one fourth of the public Fish would be paid out, the other three fourths would be the Stockholder's property, consequently it would remain in their own hands. People that own fi -hing privileges not to be allowed any remune- ration for the privilege, as the establishing of Fisheries will increase the value of the property connected with them to a great extent. Many people say that it is of no use to accommodate Fish to pass through dams where there is sawing machinery, as the saw dust destroy tliern. My opinion is that where there arc no Fish Ways to dams of sawing machinery where plenty of Fish resort, by being a great part of the time among great quantities of saw dust, many of them will be :iliiiu by getting saw dust ni their gills, out by I II ( 14 ) . having F.sh Wajs throuoh alJ damg, umkiug an easy passage for tl.e iMsh topa.B through, when they wish to ascend t7their«naur ...g placo hey w.Il soon pass through, and get clear Chelrca rachinL: '7- K^t ?\'' '^^"^"S ireat esta'blishn^ents of sa^vvTng nach.nery^ f ,sh that breed in fresh water are persevering and U s great difficulties that will cause them to retreat from theh' fane lul streams, but when their passage is blockaded by bui dinl dams across they wd leave the streak, or otherwise d^eei^re L h^^ want of a suitable place to deposit their spawn. Some people say that Steam boats will drive fish away that breed in fresh water ofTtho coast, but I cannot believe any sVch renort I believe that their attachment is so great to their /athe s3m that nothing short of blockading it wfll cause them to retrea and seek o her quarters. When they find a Steam boat coming among them, they wi naturally give way, but when she has passed the? care np more for her then they do for a stationary rock that remain^ Sabrrfi^h" °" ^ '''r' --t'"-l'7 covered^vith water Po! bab^ sea fish may be driven off of the coast where a great number ofSteamera are continually passing and re-passing. ^ """''^^'^ Stlt'^Tni^T'^ "" '^'''^ "I'T '\P«''««^ering gentleman in the United States of America, and the President. As the story goes tho gen tleman that agitated the question saw the necessity of^building Vn.i77T I \ 'u*' ^''' ^^^"^ ^ Sre^^ '"^»»s of building New York to the e.vtent that it is. He wrote a letter to the Presiden ^tlZT'li ^?n'^ ^'' 'T'' "" '^'' ^"^J^^^- The President in reply stated, that fifty years hence the Canal might be wanted, but at so ear y a date the project was not recommendable. The gentleman as It appears counted the President's wisdow in that case foolishness f^klLi took stock to a large amount, and persuaded others to vol fl? ' ""''' ^l ^'""f- '^' ^"terprise was completed. There were then so much call for it that it was counted good property and daily increasing in value. Shortly after the Canal was fin shed the gentleman and the President met together, the Canal was brought m question, and tho President acknowledged that at the f::?:he\refiVo;th?Lent:^^ ''' '''-' ''''-' ^-^-^^-lation Should there be fisheries established on the new fishing principle in New Brunswick to the amount of £400,000 New Brunswick currency, and they to yield 100 per cent, in 1851 with one yelrs fishing, and other Countries not to commence establishing fisheries Fish fnPM"''^o" ""'•^. '^'y. ""^'^ •"^^'•'"^•i «f the great production of Fish in New Brunswick, it would then be acknowledged that they were unwise for not commencing the fisheries sooner. Country- ZJlT'^ ■ fy ,^7"trymen, I mean the whole Inhabitants of I woumT'"'' ~'r^'^"''P ^•^"^ >'°" ^^'^ "«t ^^ the delinquents. I would ^be Sony indeed should it turn out to be th« case. I re- ihnt loreigners b« admitted on equal right principles to ^„ — J MHwuiiw (16) nid in establishing fisheries on tho new fishing principle, in order to draw capital into the Country, and despatch business Notwithstanding I recommended a large sum of money to bo granted in aid of establishing fisheries on my new fishing principle, 1 have no expectation that such a course will be resorted to with- out deliberate consideration, I am therefore of the opinion that it would be recommendable to grant a sum of some magnitude to aid in establishing a fishery in some part of New Brunswick, with as little delay as possible, in order to fully test the principle. Were fisheries extensively established on the above named fish- ing principle, and no nets or wiers to be arranged along shore in places where they would materially annoy Fish that breed in fr&sh water Rivers, the Fish would go of their own accord (apprehend- ing no danger) into the Fish Ways, and slaughter pools without fearing the consequences, and the fishermen managing the business prudently, the fisheries would yield abundantly, and the Fish that pass up to breed will never knovv the danger, and will afrer passing down stream into the Sea, return year after year until they are caught. Fishermen catching Fish that breed in fresh water by the use of wiers and set nets, &.c. along shore to be restricted as before explained, and to be subject to heavy penalties for improper nianageraent. Take a view of the Saint John River. By establishing fisheries on its tributaries, and accommodating the Fish to pass and repass the Grand Falls, a great Salmon fishery being established there, and that and the tributary fisheries to be well managed, the Fish would be so plenty that the fisheries in Carleton, in the City of St. John, would probably be worth more than double what they are now, and be subject to the rules as before explained, and only Fish three days in the week. Salmon fisheries ought to be extensively established, aa Salmon are good for home consumption, and pro- fitable for exportation. Salmon will go so far up streams that in extreme drought they will perish for want of nourishment; it is therefore recommendable when establishing fisheries, to obstruct their passage, preventing them from going beyond necesse>'y limits. Ever since I had a knowledge of the amount of the National debt of Great Britain, I felt more or less alarmed at its consequences. Feeling a great desire for the welfare of the British Finpire, I spent much thought in divising ways and ineans to have tho debt paid in a way that all parties, excepting Stockholders, would be satisfied; supposing that Stockholders would not wish to receive the prin- ciple, but would like to bo always sure of the interest. Sup- pose the National debt to be .£St)0,000,000 Sterling, and an i nquiry to bo made, how shall this debt be paid, in that case feelir • onfi- dent of tho good success of my River and Brook fishing principle, Avere it put in practice, I would say in reply to the inquiry, raise a fund to the amount of £25,000,000 Sterling, (f 'Z,600,000 per year **!»''""""■" m (16) would make up tho amount in ten years) lay the monoy out as it i<, CO lected m establishing Rivet- and Brook lisheries on my ie v hshmg principle. Let the yearly nett proceeds go to pay the prin- cip e ot the debt. Suppose that amount were ]aid out in fisher es nuhii. P f''"? f"^-''^'^ 100 per cent, in 1857 exclusive of he publ c Fish, and the income to continue the same, year arter year in .1. years or in the year of our Lord 1889, £800,000,000 would bo paid, exclusive of what tho fisheries might pay pi^vious toTs^T SOO KT^r'^ P:;T"^ ^"" ''^'^ toa^noSiL^'totheitv 000,000 bterlmg and the interest thereon, taking into consid..ratioa to arrangement from first to last, it might be counted a good spe- culation. By t c interest bein, paid yearly, in the usual vvay, ami he princ.pa not to exceed £800,000.000 Sterling, the debt wou be completely annihilmted in 1889. Then in future with good m.rir' ' ""? n '"' ^'''''''''' '^''' l"-^'^' ^he National debt w^ou d p.onably support Government, and aftbrd great quantities of Fish and money to be given yearly to the publfc, and likewise pay all other public demands. What a cbango of times it would make raZiii h it^^'Ti 1' ''T' ''"'■^'" ^"^ ^'•^'-^^' - '-" «' • '" 'g sach thin r n 'r' d»t.es to an enormous rate, there would be no soch thing as taxes and duties, &c., known. It appears to me hat by accomplishing such a design, it would be the means throuff^ the assis ance of Divine Providence, of establishing such a un fn among the subjects to .heir Government as would render it next to an impossibility to break the bonds of friendship, providing, each society had the privilege of only supporting their own clel-gy R.£^ P^'"''!^ fV^""^ ^^'''^}' ^"* ^'"^^ «^ th« Revenue of Great Britam raised ofl;- the poor, which is a wrong saying There are many poor people ; they all eat, drink, and wear clothing, otherwise hey could not exist; some of the articles they consume^re subject o duty, consequently they help the Revenue in that way, should it h ' 1 '^f.' "'"* '^'^ ^'''y "" '^•''^^^ *^^- There is another way whereby they pay a great sum into tho Revenue yearly. I be- leave to explam some of the particulars.-There are'many differenl lrl\f ir-"'"' ''''ir^ °'' extensively in Great BHtain and .nnl-n f ^''/^'^"^^'^•^ t« suppose that the great object is to make money by the business; consequently to accon.plish the de- sign, knowing the great taxes, duties, &c., that thev who carry on have to pay, they have to provide for them, and in' making p/ovi- sion, the wages of the poor working class of people, in many in- stances, are reduced so low that it affords them only a miserable subsistence therefore part of the difference between what they get and what they aught to have to make them comfortable; and as the saying is, lay up for a wet day, goes into the Treasur^^ It appears so reasonable to me that the National debt should be paid tha. should I live a few years longer without hearing of an arranjro- will wonr/">K' for the purpose, and retain rational faculUes' I Mill wonder, with astonighment at the great neglect. Were I one of tho chief Officers of the Rriti.h Government and topwriw— (17) tlrawiuii- a yoarlv pension of ,£iJO,()00 Sterling, and bad as good aa opiiiiutror inv newly inveutc.l fit;hing principle as 1 now haVe, I would recommend to try it in the way before expamed (c;v the pur- pose <,f paying the National debt, and I would likewise freely give Ihrec fourths of mv yearly Pension to aid in the good cause, and recommend to British subjects in high rank to be liberal in the enterprise in order to have the debt paid with as little delay as. possible. Many people will probably say, should this fishing principle bs extensively put in practice, the World will be overrun with Fish. Suppose that in 1857 there were Fish caught on the new fishing principle to the amount of £150,000,000 Sterling, and to continue catching the same quantity yearly, should the population of the world be 1,600,000,000, an equal dividend of the I ish to each indi- vidual would only amount to three shillings Sterling a piece, that additional amount of Fish tax per year would appear trifling, and more especially so should the Fish be principally fat Salmon. 1 am of the opinion that were Fish to be caught on the new principle to the amount of .-£200,000,000 Sterling per year, it would answer better than a less quantity. Should salted Alwiyes. qr C^aspereaux be sold in bulk for two shillings and three pence New Brunswick Currency per hundred, great quantities will be wanted for cattle. The men employed about the fisheries should be principally coop- er., or, say a necessary proportion of them to be coopers in order ZA when they are not working among Fish they may be making barrels, 8cc. Railways are being made in many parts of the Woi^ld to accom- moda e the public, consequently when they are completed Fish nay be sent^n many different directions at pleas»f'-; ^f^J.^f" many Railways are built that are npt; yet, thought of, that will in- crease the circulation of Fish as. yveU as q^he^ gM?,; &c, ,^^^ r Now is the day of improvemept. ^^otwithstanding I made about one dozen modefs on what I suppose J to be P-F "-' ^^^f " P^^^ cinles and failed to gain an operation by any of hem. 1 believe that since I made th! last model I have invented plans that will operate with power. For want of means it is not in my power to tiT them at present. I believe myself now to be a better judge of Perpetual Motion principles than I was when I made the models. f nm in search of a sreat fortune, I am in hopes to obtain it by myCenti's of Ri^e? and Brook Fisheries, Perpetual Motion, &c Should I get the fortune, I intend to expend it as ollows.- A portion thereof not exceeding one-fourth to be equally^ dmded am^ng such of my relations, and connexions as I may think worthy ^receive it. Another fourth to be permanently ^'^"g-f J.^^^^.^^ benefit of the Poor of all denommations, and the balance to,b^;tpr the payment of my debts, other private purpose^?, the Payment ol pv.mimns in Agricultural pursuits, kc... and Je su^|K.rt of the C;. spel, is-c. - u B'' (18) I feel s© anxious about the payment of the National doht of Grent Britain that I cannot help saying a few words more on tho subject Should the fishing business be resorted to without much delay for the purpose of paying the National debt, no doubt should it bo necessary, many good fishing privileges might be got in other OouQtnes on reasonable terms, exclusive of the British Empire. Much has been said in public print about Free Trade Is thero not mistaken notions about it. My opinion is that equal rights mi-ht be spoken of. but to talk of Free Trade until Taxest&cSre aljohshed, judge ye. ' ' ^^^ Having submitted my remarks on my River and Brook fishinff mZtledient""" '"" ""'"" ""'" '" "'' '' "' "">^ ^^^^ '^^' "'^^ '^^^ ih^J^^ '"w^f *° ^^""^ ^""^ ^^'^ Pamphlet printed in time to have them circulated previous to the Legislature being prorogued in order that after tak ng the subject of Fisheries fai?l/i„to inside- ration, a move might have been made, and a sum of money granted to aid m getting a Fishery established in behalf of the public a Company, or an individual, in order that the new fishing princinle might be ested with as little delay as possible. I found however that I could not publish within that time. "owevei I stated that my River and Brook Fishing principle is never to be restricted should there be a prospect of me or my heirs, &u being paid otherwise for the invention. I put mv invent nr^f Perpetual Motion on the same footing. ^ ^ invention of There is something said about granting premiums; should 1 get a fortune to the amount of Four Million Pounds, Ste;iing, the fi?s individual orCompany of people that puts a self-'acting machine on any of^my Perpetual xMotion principles into successful oprrat on ^o the extent of a Fdrty Horse power, is to receive twen'rt^ousand pounds premium; and the first Ten Horse power, to receive five thousand pounds And tlie first Fishery that will be established on my River and Brook Fishing principle that will yield twenty thousand barrels of fish with the first year's fishing, haff the amount of fish to be salmon will be entitled to receive a premium of twenty five thousand pounds; and the premiums will be in the aame nro- portion, let me get a larger or a smaller sum. In my opinion the explanation given of my River and Brook Fishing principle ,s so plain that it can be easily understood without seeing the Fish Way model, but a model is to be exhibited. The most suitable place to establish a Fishery at the Grand Falls on the Saint John River, is in the Cove below the old Porta "e Road ^b^ve thTW:^*^' '' made through from the Cove in to the Kr toZial S":!. " °' "'^^ *'^ ^-^"^^ '''^' -« -- contemplated Having said a few words on the subject of Perpetual Motion I w,H now give a short explanation of one of my PerpetLl Moll^n f i ii (19) principle!" An operation can be gained by the use of a lingle wheel. In my opinion there can be sufficient power got by th« principle to propel great ships on the ocean; but should it Uiil to answer that purpose, it will be sure to coramaDd power to propsl stationary machinery on the land. Let it be remembered that a one horse power, is sufficient to lift 33,000 pounds one foot per minute, and a wheel travelling at the rate of '240 feet per minute, carrying power with it to the amount of 138 lbs., is a one horse power. The wheel is constructed by the use of quadrant buckets, valves, springs, and air tubes, &.c. It operates in a cistern of water; its shaft is through the side of the cistern, the shaft is hollow, the air tubes pass from the buckets through into the hollow of the shaft, thereby giving the air a chance to pass and repass freely, in and out of the buckets. There is a metal valve to each bucket. Lead is the most suitable metal to make the valves of; but the pivots irustbe composition. The arrangement may be such as to have the valve to fall over on the springs immediately after it passes the perpendicular on the upper side of the wheel, the valve falling over opens the mouth of the bucket, and if the water flows over the top of the wheel, the bucket is at once filled with water, consequently the buckets are full of water on the falling side of the wheel, and the water is backed out of part of the buekets on the rising side, by the weight of the valves, and strength of the springs, thereby gaining a powerfuloperation and shutting the mouth of the buckets. When a Perpetual Motion model is made on the principle, different depths of water may be tried on the wheel, in order to ascertain the depth that will answer the best purpose. A wheel 26 feet in diameter may have as many as 20 buckets, and supposing the wheel to be of such width as to admit a lead valve in each bucket, 18 feet in length; the bucket may be of such dimensions as to have the valve to weigh something more than four tons, and admit upwards of two tons and a quarter of water, with the valve, and by having the valves the weight named, the strength of the springs may be equal to three tons, operating on each valve when they are fallen ovier to their resting places. On the seventh page of this Pamphlet there is a period that reads thus:— Suppose Salmon to cost one shilling per barrel extra for strippintT, &,c. The word splitting should be in lieu of the word stripping. In the 8th line of a paragraph on the 8th page, instead of so, read to. This Pamphlet is published in this present month, April, 1847, but I published the Perpetual Motion principle, 3d April, 1843; and previous to that I exhibited Fish Way models, on my fishmg P"""P^' RICHARD m^FARLAW. Saint Patrick, New Brunswick, 184^.