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The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film^s d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film^ d partir de Tangle suju'^'ieur gauche, de gauche 6 droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. by errata ned to lent une pelure, fapon d 12 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 32X HAl^llTOH POBUG ! f^ I y r^\ (7^ Hamilton Public Library Reference Department Shelf T^umher R-^^^ v-\ "o 6:^ y This Boo){ is not to he ta}{en out of the room. C, V> • '•v--^A •. .-. X'^!K..^\X) Ci.A...i.,.®Jl.'|.^ / EXERCISES IN GRAMMAR V BV G. h. HENDERSON Editor oi " The Canadian Teacher,*' GEO. A. ERASER Principal of Pziblic School, Ha^vkesville, CHAS. G. FRASi^f-- Assistant Master Gladstone Avenue School, Toronto. HAMILTC:! FU3LIG L!3R r- PRICK, 15 CENTS THE EDUCATIONAT, PUBIJSHING COMPANY. I^IMITED Toronto, 1897. C '■ / Entered according tc Act of t'ne Farllament of Canada, in the year ono thousand eight hundretl and ninety-eight, by The Educational Pub- lishing Company, al .ue Department of Agricukure. H^MILTOW FUBllG UBBR: I NOV 2 134! PREFACE. The need of a good collection of exercises, to supple- ment those in the regular text-book in grammar, has long been ielt by the teachers and pupils of our Public Schools. To meet this lack the blackboard has been freely called into use, and many precious hours of the teachers time have been used in this work, which at best is a strain on the eyes of the pupils. "Exercises in Grammar" has therefore been prepared with considerable care, and is now placed before the public. The work in each exercise is graded and each part of speech is treated by itself. The outline tables at the beginning of some of the chapters will be found very useful. We trust the little book will be welcomed in its field of work. ; The Authors. V . ,/ #b»' t V . Exercises in Grammar. THE NOUN. Classification : — 1 . As to meaning : (i) Common. Proper. (2) Concrete. Abstract. (3) Gender-Nouns Masculine. Feminine. (4) Collectives. (5) Diminutives. 2. As to Form : (0 Simple. (2) Derived. (3) Compound. Inflections (Declension) :- 1. Number : (i) Singular. (2) Plural. 2. Case : (i) Nominative : Subject Nom. Predicate Nom. Nom. in Apposition. Nom. of Address. Nom. Abs lute. (2) Possessive. (3) Objective : Direct Obj. Indirect Obj. Obj. in Apposition. Cognate Obj. Obj. Predicate Noun. Adverbial Obj. Exercise I. Classify the nouns (co7?imon^ ^tc.)^ giving reasons : — 1. The skirls crowned her queen. [Balmoral. 2. The Queen and the Princess of Wales have gone to 3. The lecturer addressed the audience in the choicest English. [West. ^. In January, President McKinley will start for th^ f^ ' GRAMMAR. 5. Its influence will prove a blessing to every home it enters. 6. The crowd watched the departure of the regiment. 7. The swarm of bees settled upon a flock of she«p. 8. Have you read "The Lamplighter" ? 9. The City of Paris is a fine steamship. 10. Great Britain depends more upon her navy than upon her army, n. The seamstress lives in the Royal City. 12. To the disgust of the judge, the jury brought in a verdict of guilty. 13. The Suez Canal is England's " Key to India." 14. A horde of vultures sat feasting upon the carcase of a horse. [in the world. 15. The Canadian Pacific Railway is the longest railroad 16. A company of the Queen's Own Regiment was des- patched to the scene of the rising. 17. Mr. Spurgeon was a Baptist. 18. The Canadian Order of Foresters met in Peterboro. 19. Some little Hampden, that, with dauntless breast, The little tyrant of his fields withstood ; Some mute inglorious Milton here may rest, Some Cromwell, guiltless of his country's blood. P ri ] re th . th , Exercise a. {a) Write twenty-five words that are names of classes of objects, {b) Write five names of: — I. People. 4. Cities. 7. Townships. 10 Lakes. 11. 13- Oceans. 14. 16. Household pets. 18. Rulers of countries. 2o. Political parties. P( 2. Horses. 5. Towns. 8. Counties. Islands. Railways. 17 3. Cows. 6. Villages. 9. Rivers. 12. Continents, 15. Ships. Particular books. 19. Religious bodies. 21. Secret societies. THE NOUN. it in of d. ad i. set its. Exercise 3. \V7tich nouns arc concrete and which are abstract ? 1. The foundation of the school has been laid. 2. He laid the foundation of his fortune by strict honesty. 3. It was his good fortune to receive news of the ap- proach of the enemy. 4. A prince of Sweden iruirried the daughter of a private gentleman, and willingly sacrificed for love all rights to the throne. 5. "Where is he, my love ?" said Scrooge. 6. Care 's A^ritten on his face. 7. How is all your care, Mrs. Thompson ? 8. Many of the English nobility lay dead upon the field. 9. He was noted for nobility of character. 10. Obeying the voice of duty, she left the court, left her royal lover, left the world of pomp and pageant, assumed the garb of a nursing sister, and took charge of a ward in the great charity hospital at Stockholm. 1 1. What is the duty on these books ? 12. The snake escaped through an opening in the wall. 13. Thursday is the day set for the opening of the new church. 14. Do you believe in the union of Church and State ? 15. After hearing that song, I do not wonder at the power of song. 16. He pays court to my sister, Ellen. 17. The train stopped at the station for ten minutes. 18. He is in a very wretched state. 19. He stands at his station, as strong as a king. 20. He displayed his address in horsemanship. 21. He wrote the address in a bold, round hand. 22. His address lasted only twenty minutes. 23. Hieroglyphics are very queer characters. 24. He was a man of excellent character. 25. Ask John what his weight is. 26. The brass weight has been lost. 27. " Now tread we a measure," said Lochinvar. 28. Where is the yard measure 1 29. He has taken the measure of my foot. 8 GRAMMAR. Exercise 4, Form abstract nou7is corresponding to : — 1. Man, boy, widow, child, friend, leader, infant, agent, regent, colonel, captain, magistrate, fool, tyrant, mayor, sheriff, coward, martyr, heir. 2. Clood, fresh, careful, great, humble, able, sensible, extreme, brief, prosperous, hostile, barbarous, pious, various, anxious, safe, dignified, poor, cruel, simple, sagacious, reciprocal, wide, long, dead, young, broad, merry, high, ignorant, elegant, present, prudent, brilliant, supreme, solitary, grateful, valiant, splendid, candid, pleasant, proud, brave, honorable, virtuous, guilty, grievous, needful, vigorous, v/orthy, commercial, free, heroic, suspicious, cautious. 3. Succeed, exceed, proceed, resist, assist, abound, rely, sustain, maintain, concur, precede, rob, discover, receive, deceive, conceive, pursue, revive, dismiss, approve, re- solve, revolve, absoh e, dissolve, expel, repel, compel, de- stroy, reduce, oblige, cease, reconcile, reveal, ruin, save, decide, conceal, treat, arrange, thieve, weigh, assail, com- plain, steal, grow, offend, expend, know, serve, conquer, sing, love, terrify. Exercise 5. 1. Write 15 abstract nouns that are names of qualities. 2. Ditto, that are names of conditions or states. Ditto, that are names of actions. Make a list of the endings of abstract nouns. Write several abstract nouns having these endings. Exercise 6. Name the prominent quality or qualities of: — Snow, a stone, a lion, a fox, the sky, a lamb, sugar, alum, leathers, fire, mud, the horse, the eagle, the lark, sumitjcr, winter, the donkey, a clock, a miser, a spend- thrift \ :'fr, ink, milk, a deer, glue, rubber, mucilage, ^ '.idy Clare", "The Vilbge Blacksmith", "Tom Brown", "Arthur". THE NOUN. 9 Exercise 7. Give the corresponding feminine gender-noun of: — 1. Boy, brother, king, uncle, man, bachelor (2 ways), bridegroom, earl, father, husband, monk, nephew, ipa, son, swain, youth, wizard, lord, friar, master (a ooy), gentleman, widower, sir, male, sloven, bull, drake, gander, cock, horse, ram, boar, dog. 2. Lion, heir, abbott, baron, duke, master, hero, actor, count, deacon, emperor, adulterer, elector, giant, hunter, Jew, lad, marquis, governor, host, negro, murderer, priest, prince, prophet, peer, shepherd, songster, sorcerer, tiger, viscount, author, school-master. 3. Man-servant, cock-sparrow, landlord, gentleman, merman, he-goat, he-devil, bull-calf, dog-fox, ram-lamb, peacock, guinea-cock, turkey-cock, jackass, tom-cat, billy- goat, buck-rabbit, he-lion, grandson, father-in-law, god- f'ither, step-son, son-in-law. 4. Beau, sir, testator, executor, administrator, heritor, sultan, czar, signor, margrave, landgrave, in:ant (title), dauphin. 5. Alexander, Francis, Julius, Wilhelm, Jesse, George, Louis. 6. Parent, teacher, neighbor, friend, scholar, pupil, student, cattle, child, playmate, keeper, baby, infant, people, folk. Exercise 8. State the gender of these nouns and give the corres- ponding opposite fonti^ where possible : — 1. Parent, aunt, doe, maid, wizard, earl, queen, hart, wife, duck, duke, mistress, cock, master (a boy), horse, priest, lass, abbot, prince, lady, marquis, sorceress, jack- ass, count, deaconess, vixen. 2. Sultana, viscount, empress, ewe-lamb, mother-in- law, sir, companion, prophet, child, son, testatrix, hero, czar, beau, mamma, friar, neighbor, bu 1, lord, mayor, comrade, niece, belle. 3. Administrator, ram, signor, nymph, man-servant, youth, heiress, merman, executor, bullock, sire (animal), m GRAMMAR. las';, female, votan*, sloven, filly, widow, stag, bride, founder, Wilhelm, Alexander, Frances, Jesse, Ju.ius. Exercise 9. Substitute for each gender-noun the name of the opposite sex : — 1. The gander is much larger than the drake. 2. This youth is quite a wizard. 3. I traded a ewe-lamb for a bull-calf. 4. My dear sir, you make an unkind husband. 5. The lion and the tigress watched the he-goat. 6. The actress, who was also a songstress, highly de- lighted the sultana, the czar, the marquis, the viscount and the duchess. [of Lady Lyons. 7. The bachelor will soon win for his bride the niece 8. The founder of the temple was an abbot. 9. The sultana will visit her mother, her uncle, her brother, her mother-in-law and her son. 10. The Queen and the Prince of Wales have gone to Berlin to visit the Emperor of Germany and the Crown Princess of Prussia. [honors. 11. His infant daughter was the inheritress of all his Exercise 10. Distinguish the collectives and diminutives : — 1. Group, fatling, brooklet, committee, family, nestling, lambkin, the army and navy, kitten, signet, Charlie, hillock, a horde of vultures, a swarm of bees, mannikin, a yoke for the oxen, a yoke of oxen, herd, corpuscle, floret, grand jury, duckling, fleet, bunch, eaglet. 2. Flotilla, lobule, council, battalion, Willie, score, cluster, damsel, cygnet, dozen, nursling, the radicle or root, crowd, brigade, jury, a bit and brace, a brace of partridges, coronet, the auricles and ventricles, change ling, a company of soldiers, congregation, noddle, chaplet, locket, mob, pumpkin. 3. Audience, hamlet, lordling, his thrifty wifie, regi- ment, bullock, gosling, Bennie, Canticles or Song of Solomon, drove, grayling, flock, Peterkin, rivulet, darling. I THE NOUN. H ilow'ret, a team of horses, streamlet, parliament, cigar- ette, a j;pan of ponies, goblet, islet, a school of porpoises, nodule,- mantelets, foundling, leatherette, ringlet. Exercise ii. Classify these nouns according to their form : — 1. Summer, evening, English, market-place, reaper, holidays, wild-stag, otter, serf, daughter, settler, skipper, admiral. Christian, untruth, reply, remark, rainbow, wastefulness, cottage, cotter, journeys, berries, kitten, children, staircase, laggard. 2. Dinner, play-room, insects, waggon, country, hay- makers, butternuts, butter, sickle, cobwebs, button, stubble, whistle, blackberries, oxen, possibility, confi- dence, excellence, dozen, grenadier, manufactures, interview, assailant, bridal. 3. Amusement, ripple, shadow, babies, marigold, stockings, ladyslipper, heanh, farmer, shovelful, handle, roadside, content, pillow, penny-royal, afternoon, hand- kerchief, nightingale, forget-me-nots, heaven, charcoal, professor, dastard, youngsters, misfortune, actor. Exercise 12. Give the plurals of these nouns : — 1. Lass, kiss, ignoramus, deaconess, marsh, lash, church, march, arch, box, hoax, fox, topaz. 2. Monarch, patriarch, tetrarch. 3. Two, solo, piano, octavo, canto, quarto, folio, trio, zero, cameo, soprano, tyro, pro, junto, salvo, Hindoo, cuckoo, portfolio, ratio, portico, alto, sirocco, mosquito. 4. Hero, buffalo, negro, domino (2 ways), potato, tor- nado, tomato, volcano, cargo, echo, grotto (2 ways), calico, motto, mulatto, torpedo, flamingo, archipelago. 5. Bay, day, Monday, Sunday, key, valley, journey, alley, storey, chimney, boy, toy, buoy, alloy, guy. 6. Lily, cherry, berry, army, navy, ally, secretary, lady, difficulty, soliloquy, obsequy, piggy, bunny, harpy, obloquy. •, , \i GRAMMAR. 7. Chief, roof, serf, hoof, proof, handkerchief, muf^,' cuff, gulf, safe, fife, cliff, sheriff, bailiff, grief, strife, reef, flag-staff, reproof, fief, whiff, caitiff, puff, rebuff, turf (2 ways), heart-grief. 8. Leaf, sheaf, beef, wharf (2 ways), staff (3 ways), calf, self, thief, knife, wife, half, shelf, life, loaf, wolf. 9. Ox, child, brother. 10. Man, woman, goose, louse, mouse, tooth, foot. 11. German, Roman, Norman, Burman, Turcoman, Ottoman, Mussulman. 12. Englishman, Chinaman, workman, seaman, hus- bandman, Frenchman, brakeman, fisherman. 13. A, B, m, t, i, 5, 7,9, -f, -. 14. Cupful, lapful, mouthful, armful, plateful. 15. Sheep, deer, salmon, fish, species, heathen, couple, dozen, score, hundred, head (cattle), brick, series. 16. Governor general, father-in-law, son-in-law, deputy- reeve, commander-in-chief, knight-templar man-servant, woman-servant, lord-justice, mouse-trap, lieutenant- governor, deputy-minister, forget-me-not, brigadier- general, knight-errant. 17. News mathematics, acoustics, means. 18. Scissors, pincers, pliers, tongs, shears, bellows, pants, trousers, breeches, drawers, goods, thanks, cattle. Exercise 13. IVrife the plurals of the following words : — 1. Beau, batteau, plateau (2 ways). 2. Cherub, seraph, teraph. 3. Axis, basis, oasis, analysis, crisis. 4. Stratum, datum, memorandum, medium. 5. Larva, formula, nebula, vertebra. 6. Index, appendix, vertex, apex, vortex, radix. » 7. Phenomenon, criterion. 8. Radius, terminus, genius, cactus, villus, bronchus, calculus. 9. (ienus. 10. Bandit, virtuoso. 11. Miasma, dogma. 12. Mr., Madam. 13. Chrysalis. tHE NOUN. i3 Hxercise 14. tVnye the plural form of each word^ where possible'. — 1. Two, alley, whiff, solo, Norman, head (cattle), A, deputy-reeve, piano, species, dear, onyx, sheriff, wharf, cargo, colliery, deer, +, wolf, Ottoman, octavo, knight- templar, governor-general, Mr. 2. Ally, soliloquy, cliff, mouse, court-martial, self, obsequy, lord-justice, sheep, aid-de-camp, goose, bailiff, ignoramus, man-set vant, memento, caitiff, money, tornado, hoax, patriarch, lasso, lynx, anarchy, Christmas, gulch. 3. Harpy, woman-servant, German, topaz, staff, flag- staff adz, knight-errant, husbandman, strife, hfeart-grief, Turcoman, mouthful, mathematics, 9, quay, summons, canto, scissors, conch, phlox, waltz, radish, witness, merino. 4. Tomato, mistress, hoof, shelf, Roman, tetrarch, murderess, grotto, reproof, pliers, lily, fief, worry, acous- tics, cony, trousers, chimney, child, a, pharynx, serf, news, reef, armful, mouse-trap, rendezvous. 5. Oasis, beau, stratum, terminus, appendix, radius, madam, crisis, formula, batteau, larva, axis, chrysalis, datum,vertex,l3asis, phenomenon, memorandum, analysis, criterion, miasma, villus, nebula, medium teraph, apex, cactus, bronchus, vertebra. Exercise 15. Give two plural forms for each, and distinguish^ where possible^ in meaning : — ■ Shot, penny, pea, brother, index, cow, cloth, genius, virtuoso, cherub, formula, dogma, die, bandit, seraph, Mary, Miss Brown, Percy, Dr. Smith, Mr. White, Cato, Henry, cannon, staff. Exercise 16. Change the singular to the plural, and vice versa : — A. - "* ■ 1. A black man is called a negro. 2. The monkey is destroying the cuff and the muff. 3. A Mussulman believes in Mohammed. w-*— I \ H 6RAMMAft. 4. The lady sings a solo at the concert 5. The workman has a very smart wife. 6. This Indian tribe has a fierce chief. 7. A deer or a chamois is a gentle animal. 8. That old woman likes her daughter-in-law* 9. The ox knocked my tooth out with its foot. 10. The woman saw a lily and a berry on the shelf. 1 1 . The butcher has bought a calf and a wolf. 12. The little seamstress has a beau. 13. A volcano is a burning mountain. 14. The governor-general is a statesman. 15. Miss Jones will visit the Duchess of St. Albans. 16. A German makes a brave soldier. [York. 17. Dr. Brown will take a post-graduate course in New 1 8. Percy was a very headstrong man. 19. Mr. Smith says it is a wonderful phenomenon. 20. The thief stole a penny and a lamp chimney. B. 1. The secretaries are busy at their offices. 2. Sheriffs or bailiffs are not thieves. [tomatoes. 3. Their cargoes are composed of potatoes and 4. A little boy's heart-griefs soon heal. 5. Mirza, we have heard thy soliloquies. 6. These larvse grow on the cacti. i 7. These books have both indexes and appendices. 8. Their beaux do not understand chemical formulae. 9. Where are the villi and the bronchi found ? 10. They are jotting down memoranda. 1 1. The Knights Templars will march to the oases with their men-servants, and there view the nebulae in the heavens. [to their termini. 12. These railways stretch out, like the radii of a circle, 13. The triangles have bases and vertices, [hold gods. 14. The ancient heathen worshipped teraphimorhouse- 15. The banditti attack the travellers on their journeys. 16. The genii dwell in the cliffs. 17. The Romans took their staves in their hands and went to meet their wives. U THE NOUN. 15 18. The tornadoes compelled the buffaloes to take shelte" in one of the grottoes, where they saved their lives. 19. The Normans after many difficulties got down to the valleys, where they found the leaves of the cherries in great abundance. , If. ns. [York, in New n. matoes. )es and [ices, rmulae. Lses with 2 in the termini, a circle, )ld gods. 3rhouse- ourneys. inds and Exercise 17. Distinguish the different kinds of nominative ase in the following: — A. Subject nominative^ predicate nominative^ or nominative in apposition. I. William is playing. 2. The girls went aw^ay. 3. That is an aster. 4. These are sweet peas. 5. Sarah Brown, my cousin, is a very smart girl. 6. John, the butcher's boy, is a stout httle fellow. 7. The Baltimore oriole is a weaver. 8. The long slender boughs of the willow are the favorite resort of the oriole. [little bird. 9. The nest will prove a safe shelter for the blithe 10. Merry was the glee of the harp-strings. 11. A busy man shall the miller be by the dawning of the day. 12. Livingstone, the celebrated traveller, Settled as a missionary in Mabtosa. 13. Beavers are very timid animals. [city. 14. Paris, the capital of France, is a very beautiful 15. Milton, the poet, wrote Paradise Lost. 16. The violets are deacons. 17. Up rose the British. 18. I'm the chief of Ulva's Isle and this Lord UUin's daughter. 19. 'Tis I, Hamlet the Dane. 20. I, Paul, declare unto you. 21. King Harold was killed at Hastings. 22. Farmer John arrived home this morning. 23. Colonel Seton commanded the regiment, 24. Queen Victoria is loved by her people. s iS Grammar. B. Nominative of address or nominative absolute. I. John, shut the \vin(l(nv. i. lioat man, do not tarry. 3. A storm coming up, the men could not get home. 4. The weather abating somewhat, the farmer was able to get to the mill. 5. Where have you been, my Mary ? 6. The day being rain)-, the picnic proved a failure. 7. Fishermen, have you, have you heard of Ben ? 8. The service done, the mourners stood apart. 9. That done, she turned to the old man with a lovely smile. 10. " Horatius ", quoth the consul, " as thou sayest, so let it be." 1 1. The storm having ceased, we departed. 12. Success being impo,:)sible, they made preparations far a retreat, 13. Listen, my children, and you shall hear of the mid- night ride of Paul Revere. 14. The war being ended, the soldiers returned to their homes. 15. O lonely grave in Moab's land, O dark Bethpeor's hill, speak to these curious hearts of ours, and teacii them. to be still. Miscellaneous, 1. I'll go, my chief, I'm ready. 2. The Emperor Kaoti, a soldier of fortune, marched against the Huns. 3. The principle which gave a peculiar coloring to Isabella's mind was piety. 4. Thomson, the poet, was a contemporary of Hume, the historian. 5. The jolly old miller, how he will laugh ! 6. O Caledonia ! stern and wild, meet nurse for a poetic child. 7. The earth was all rest, and the air was all love. int. NOUN. t7 for a 8. Be a hero in the strife. [the gate. 9. Then out spake brave Horatius, the captain of 10. Their money being- spent, they were soon in want. 1 1. The hyacinth is a beautiful flower. 12. No mercenary bard his homage pays. 13. I'm wearin' awa, John. 14. And canst ihou, mother, for a moment think that we, thy children, when old age shall shed its blanching honors on thy weary head, could horn our best of duties evf shrink * 15. The adventurous knight, Kenneth, arises David, Earl of Huntingdon, Prince Royal of Scotland. Exercise 18. IVrife the possessive forms of the following words^ and then use the words formed in sentences : — 1. Both singular and plural of : — Boy, man, child, lady, secretary. Englishman, sheriff, bird, beau, teacher, woman, father, father in- law, governor-general, bandit, seaman, chief, calf, mon- arch, Roman, bailiff, deer, mouse, dear, sheep, mother- in-law, man-servant. 2. The possessive form of: — Brown and Jones, Charles, James, The Emperor of Germany, Dr. Brown, Thomas, The Prince of Wales, The T. Eaton Co., Veitch and Neal. Exercise 19. State the number of the words in the possessive case : — The child's books. I. 3- 5- 7. 9. II. Curious birds' nests. My parents' love. The girls' dolls. The Teachers' Convention. The father's heart. 2. The secretary's re- port. 4. The boy's sled. 6. 7Mie robin's young. 8. Printers' proofs. 10. The serfs devotion. 12. The Mechanics^ In- stitute. / tl GRAMMAft. 13. The grave's cold brink. 15. The Farmers' Institute. 17. Five pounds' weight. 14. Woman's righti. lO. Twenty years' ap- prenticeship. 18. Children's early words. 20. The ladies'bon . 22. Heaven's justice. The deer's head. Their beaux' hats. 19. Artists' colors for sale. 21. The artist's studio. 22. 23. The princes c-^mpanions. 24. 25. Her uncle's will. 26. 27. Men's and boys' hats for sale here. 28. Shoemakers' or saddlers' work. 29. The Ontdrio Fruit-Cirowers' Association. Exercise ao. Change these sentences., using the possessive form of the noun : — 1. This book belongs to Mary. 2. This is a picture of my brother John. 3. Mary Gilmore owns these apples. 4. The sufferings of the soldiers were pitiful. 5. The work of the children is very neat. 6. The land that belongs, to these farmers is hilly. 7. The story told by the beggar was sad. 8. The clothes that the boys wear are ragged. 9. The work that the women do is hard. 10. The wheat grown by the farmer is plump. 11. The store owned by the merchant is large. 12. The eyes of children are bright. 13. The face of the major changed quickly. 14. The tracks made by the wolves were plainly seen. 15. The medicine for my father is bitter. 16. The yells that the Indians gave startled her. Exercise 21. Which of the italicized words are in the possessive case ? — I. The chiefs eye flashed. 2. The oriole's nest. 3. HannaKs at the v/indow. 4. The pied frog^ or- cneSt.iM. II th| il i| THE NOUN, 19 i. ap- ;arly 1 ice. ad. hats. 5. The wasp s cunning way. wm of seen. ?ssesswe est. o^s' or- 7. 9- II. 15- IVAere's my book? His companion's hand. The schoolmasters smile. Partake oi harvest s joys. Mabel's cheek 6. Boyhood's painless play. 8. 10. 12. 14. When's he coming } Mole. Old Adrian's It's a shame. Slumber^ s chain. 16. /^tf'j-ajolly good fel- low. 17. The wildyf^w^rj' time and place. 18. There's an anthem more dear to me. 19. W4^j the darling little girl .'' Exercise aa. Distinguish the various forms of the objective case in the following sentences : — Object of a verb {^participle or infinitive) or of a preposition. 1. I hurt my foot on a stone. 2. She heard a wolf in the woods. The lion carried the horse into the juugle. They found the boy under the barn. I saw the cattle beneath the bridge. 6. We watched the people across the street. 7. He tried to burn the letter in the furnace. The thief managed to hide the ring. He had never been known to tell a lie in all his life. His mother put Daffy under the care of a school- master. ' II. I saw a man feeding cattle with straw. The boy writing a letter is my son. [over the fire. The allies escaped, leaving their kettles slung Canoes, bearing five Iroquois, approached. They rushed up to pile the canoes blazing against the palisade. 16. On hearing the song, they burst into tears. 17. He makes his living by gathering rags. 3- 4- 5. 8. 9. 10. 12. 13- 14. 15- '^-'"^'* ■tin GRAMMAR. .»/' ' 1 8. From singing comic songs he rose to be a great actor. 19. They planted a row of stakes within their palisades, to form a double fence, ami tilled tlie intervening space with earth and stones to the height of a man, leaving some twenty loop-holes, at each of which they stationed three marksman. B. Direct or indirect object. 1. They gave their mother a fine present. 2. We give you a cordial welcome. 3. He caused his mother much sorrow. 4. Mother made me a fine pair of stockings. 5. My brother sits near me. 6. Mary is very much like her mother. 7. The larger scholars sat next the wall. 8. John hit William a slap on the cheek. 9. He struck me a hard blow. 10. He hit me a rap on the knuckles. 1 1. She told her grandmother a lie. 12. Please do me this favor, 13. Hand John a chair, if you please. 14. The boys asked hiin a question. 15. The foreman paid the men their wages. 16. You must answer me the question. 17. My aunt sent me a fur cape. 18. We forgive our friends their faults. 19. Pay the man a dollar for his work. Ic a Objective in apposition or cognate object. 1. Pharaoh dreamed a dream. 2. I called on Mr. Brown, the new minister. 3. They told Mr. Smith, the butcher's man. 4. Remote from towns he ran his godly race. ^. Take this to Peter, the blind be^jgar. I il il il THE NOUN, 6. I live in Toronto, the capital of Ontario. 7. He smiled a sickly smile. 8. He saw only two occupants, an old man and a little boy. 9. This is John, my brother. 10. She sighed a pitiful sigh. ir. I have fought a good fight. • 12. He read of the quarrels of his brothers with the High Justiciary, Longchamp, liishop of Ely. . . 13. She hath wrought a good work upon me. 14. Let us run with patience the race that is set before V.3. 1$. He laughed a laugh of merry scorn. t6. It was said of his successor, Henry VHI., that he loved to look upon a man. 1 7. We have fought such a fight for a day and a night ns may never be fought again. 1 3 A scornful laugh laughed he. 19. He asked leave of Maisonneuve, the Governor, to lead a party of volunteers against the Iroquois. # D. Impersonal or reflexive object. 1. Now I lay me down to sleep. 2. They struck it rich in the Klondike. 3. He sat him down at the foot of a tree. 4. John has hurt himself on a nail. 5. I will both lay me down in peace and sleep. 6. I have footed it from Buffalo. 7. Come and trip it as you go. 8. They laid them down in a shady dell. 9. I sat it out to the end. 10. I walked it all the way. 11. A bright light makes it seem more cheerful. 12. ** Now yield thee," cried Lars Porsena. 13. Hark thee, — I think I know most of thy thi'hies by heart. ^. He bethought himself of following thern. HAM!LTOi>i i- UDLSu L 22 GRAMMAR. ^- ': \\ $. E. Objective predicate noun or adverbial objective, 1. The Cabinet appointed him Senator. 2. He called me a liar repeatedly. 3. They made Susan queen. 4. The straw weighed a ton. 5. Spring and winter, Hannah's at the window. 6. The soldiers chose him captain. 7. They returned to their homes another way. 8. He trotted a mile in three minutes. 9. We walked all night. 10. He went away last November. 11. The people elected him reeve. 12. The effort cost her her life. 13. This girl is alw'ays a word behind. 14. A mile or so away, on a mound, Napoleon stood. 15. His energy made the concert a success. 16. The boys nicknamed him Shorty. . 17. The Governor-in-Council appointed Mr. Barron judge of Perth. 18. Home they brought her warrior dead. 19. Morning, noon, and night, they prayed in three different tongues. F. Miscellaneous. 1. The boys told the teacher a lie. 2. I heard Professor Drummond, the great scientist. 3. We made Mr. Thompson secretary. 4. I forgave John his first offence. 5. The book cost twenty cents. 6. He called me a drunkard. 7. I sent the book to my brother William, principal of Eatonville school. 8. We gave our parents several presents. 9. We elected Charles chaplain of the society. .0. We arrived last week. II. Fight the good fight of faith, \ MidLlu LlBHf^ THE NOUN. 23 five. JV. stood. « Barron in three ientist. ncipal of 12. Charles sent his sister a watch. 13. Do you know Mr. Biuce, the druggist ? 14. They sang a very jolly song. 15. Evening and morning, the world of light, spreading and kindling, is infinite. 16. I made me great works; I builded me houses; I planted me vineyards. 17. Did you foot it all the way home ? Exercise 23. S/afe the case of the nouns : — I. He is a tall man. 2. 3. They have a fine house. 4. 5. She was a poor seam- 6. stress. 7. They own many cattle. 8. 9. I am a teacher. 10. II. Do you see that work- 12. man .'* 13. Orion is a bright star. 14. I saw some Jerseys. They were Danes. She grew a noble lady. He seems a gentleman. He is a clever work- man. Is it a fierce animal? We love to watch the star. Exercise 24. Write the abbreviations for : — 1. Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, January, February, March, April, August, September, October, December, James, Thomas, Henry, Joseph, George, Charles, Alexander, Alfred, John, William, Edward. 2. Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, British Columbia, United States, Great Britain, West Indies, Newfoundland, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, Maine, Missouri, California, Louisiana, Indiana, Georgia, Illinois, Virginia, South Carolina, North Dakota, District of Columbia. 3. Postmaster, general, colonel, captain, sergeant, lieutenant-colonel, major-general, postscript, pound #4 GRAMMAR. (weight), dollar, pound (money), barrel, barrel*, bushel, quart, gallon, peck, degree, foot, minute, account, example, notice well, the square root of i6. Exercise 25. Wri^e in full the words for which the following abbreviations stand : — 1. Sr. ; Jr. ; Dr. ; Cr. ; Mt. Hood ; Rocky Mts. * Sandwich Ids. ; G. of Mexico ; C. Fear ; B. of Bis' cay ; P.O. order ; 6% ; Vol. III., pp. 14-16 ; fig. 2, p. 26 ; Xmas. ; MS. ; MSS. ; 16" 18' 25" N. Lat. ; 14th inst. : 1 2th ult. ; loth prox. ; D.V. ; e.g. ; from 54 B.C. to 43 A.D. ; L.M. (music) ; CM. ; S.M. : D.C. ; V.R. ; C.Z. ; Y.M.C.A. ; C.O.F. ; A.O.U.W. 2. Mr. and Mrs. Alex. Brown ; M. Faure ; Mme. Bigot ; Bro. White ; Prof. Jones ; Rev. A. Bruce j Fr. Lalement, S.J. ; John Brown, Esq., No. 15 St. Peter St., Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. ; Geo. Paterson, B.A., LL.B. ; J. A. McLellan, LL.D. ; Alexander McLaren, M.P. ; W. H. Bowlby, Q.C. ; John Brown, M.P.P. ; Chas. Bulmer, Sec.-Treas. pro tem. ; Wm. Alexander, I.P.S. ; Rev. T. De Witt Talmage, D.D. ; C. J. McGregor, M.A. 3. E. P. Cornell, L.D.S. ; W. Hamilton, D.D.S. ; Geo. More, M.B. ; W. J. Arnott, M.D., M.C.P.S.O. ; A. Bronson, C.E. ; Alfred Parkman, B. Mus. ; John Ruskin, F.R.S. ; Sir Hyde Parker, K.B. ; Rt. Hon. Sir John A. McDonald, K.C.B. ; Hon. Oliver Mowat, K.C.M.G. ; Marquis of Salisbury, K.G. ; H.R.H. the Prince of Wales ; H.R.H. the Princess Louise ; H.M.S. Agamemnon ; Lieut. Cushing, R.N. ; Col. Denison, Q.O.R. Exercise 26. . Parse the nouns: — 1. The banditti, fierce robbers of Italy, frequently carry off tra\ellers for ransom. 2. There was a baby born to be a brother to the child. relp te, , bushel, account, *Jie following Rocky Mts. * ; B. of Bis- 14-16 ; fig. 2, 5" N. Lat. ; ; e.g. ; from M. ; S.M. : ; A.O.U.W. •'aure ; Mme. . A. Bruce : , No. 15 St. iterson, B.A., der McLaren, vvn, M.P.P. ; n. Alexander, 3.D. ; C. J. ;on, D.D.S. ; M.C.P.S.O. ; Mus. ; John \. ; Rt. Hon. Oliver Mowat, ; H.R.H. the cess Louise .' R.N. : Col IHE NOUN. 25 3. The ^rrfvehs trops are looking grand. 4. I have a troop of little children at my knee, John Brown. [woman's voice. 5. I love the children's early words, and a loving Give Johnny an apple^ Mary. The Duchesses of Albany are very fine ladies. I ha e arrogance, and fawning and deceit. The neighbors being friendly, the workman soon liked his new home. [and daughter. The wolves' howling alarmed the nobleman's wife Woodman, spare that tree. Arthur had a foolish mother, Constance by name. The sheep are eating leaves. The nights being cold, wc light a fire. The sheriff paid the jury their money. They crowned Mary queen. Ladies' handkerchiefs for bale here. Night and morning, Hannah's at the window. He received his Marshal's baton for brave conduct. The Marshal's in the market-place. He hit Mar>' a rap on the fingers. The wind whistles a song for the merry New Year. In the year 1 199, John became king of England. The French king, Philip, refused to acknowledge the right of John to his new dignity. 25. He sings the song, but it pleases not now. 6. 7- 8. 9- 10. II. 12. 13- 14. 15- 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23- 24. ily, frequently IX to the child. •1 V. THE PRONOUN. Classification : — 1. As to Meaning: . (i) Personal. (2) Demonstrative. (3) Interrogative. (4) Relative. (5) Indefinite. 2. As to Form : (i) Simple. (2) Derived. (3) Compound. Inflection (Declension) ; 1, Person : (i) First. (2) Second. (3) Third. 2. Gender : (i) Masculine. (2) Feminine. (3) Neuter. 3. Number : (i) Singular. (2) Plural. 4. Case : (i) Nominative. (See also the noun.) (2) Possessive. (3) Objective. (See also the noun.) ♦1 Exercise 27. (/) Classify the pronouns ; {2) give their person and gender ; (j) state their number and case ; {4) parse them, fully : — A. ' I. I told her. 3. Th's suits him best. 5. I will not leave thee. 7. I hurt myself. 9. He can do it himself. II. Ye shall surely die. 13. Take them away. 15. That is not right. ^7. The fox freed itself. 19. You need not 2. Give it tome. 4. Thou art the man. 6. These are prunes. 8. Do thyself no harm. 10. Those are poor figures. 12. They kept it themselves. 14. She has hurt herself. 16. They saw us. [selves. 18. We have seen it our- tl.'iuk that I like you, 28 \ THE PRONOUN. 27 r: uline. nine. er. BY : liar. 11. inative. 50thenoun.) * issive. tive. >o the noun.) person and man. unes. 3 harm, oor figures, themselves, herself. [selves, een it our- 3U, B. 1. Who said so? 2. Give me some. 3. Do you wish any .? 4. Either will do. 5. This is the boy who stole the meat. 6. He told me what he said to his father. 7. Aught unsavory or unclean hath my insect never seen 8. Either will do. 9. Few think so. 10. Try another, [athing.** 11. Everybody is welcome. 12. Whoever heard of such 13. Whose is it? 14. A lock is a compartment in a canal fitted with scates whereby ships may pass from one level to another. 15. Which will you have ? 16. He has naught to say. 17. I have none. 18. This is all. 19. Whom are you loving? 20. Whatever will he io ? 21. Whoever returns him to me may believe a fair com- pensation he'll surely receive. 22. Somebody has lied. 23. Do not take both. 24. I see nothing. 25. Give each an apple. 26. This is the dog that my father bought. 27. I think you are the one whom he meant. 28. What do you say ? 29. I know neither. 30. Take one. 31. Anyone could do that. 32. He hath raised him up, whereof we all are witnesses. 33. This the book which I bought. [might. 34. Whatever thy hand findeth to do, do it with all thy 35. There is no fireside but has one vacant chair. 36. Whosoever will may 37. I see something. come. 38. Someone has done it. 39. Yours is like mine. 40. The wind bloweth where it listeth and thou hearest the sound thereof. 41. She turned to the old man with a lovely smile upon her face — such, they said, as they had never seen and never could forget. Exercise a8. Classify the pronouns according to their form : — I, you, yourself, this, those, they, them, yourselves, somebody, he, thee, himself, everything, anyone, whatso- ever, her, themselves, whatever, who, whom. 38 fckAMMAft* «9 « I Exercise 29. Jnterrogativcs and relatives. 1. Who is that man who has fallen ? 2. Which will you have ? 3. This is the book which was lost. 4. I saw the man whose daughter died. 5. Whose did you take ? 6. Whom are you loving? 7. This is the man whom we saw last night. 8. What are you talking about ? 9. I asked him what he was talking about. B. Demonstrative and relative ^^that". 1. That is not the man that ran away. 2. I can do the work much better than that. 3. That is what I said. 4. I like that. 5. I have a dog that can perform tricks. 6. Was that m the paper ? 7. That is not the way. 8. This is the horse that I bought. C. Interrogative pronoun and interrogative adjective. Whose is this "i [buy } Which horse did you Which will you have ? Which is the house ? Whose is it ? I. What class are you in ? 2. 3. Whose horse is that? 4. 5. What did you say ? 6. 7. What kind is that ? 8. 9. Whose house was it ? 10. Exercise 30. Are the relative pronouns used definitely (having an antecedent) or indefinitely ? — 1. I saw the man who was robbed last night. 2. You may take just what you like. 3. I know who took it. 4. Hesays what he pleases. 5. I think it is the book which I bought. 6. Toronto, which is the capital of Ontario, contains about 200,000 population. J^afe^ tHE PRONOUN. 20 comes from ou loving ? 3t the way. idjeciive. s? [buy? e did you you have? house ? y (having le pleases. , contains or 7. I heard which was taken. 8. This man, who is a cousin of mine. Muskoka. 9. Take whichever you hke best. 10. I know the man whose house was burned. 1 1. She told me whose it was. 12. Eat whatsoever is set before you for conscience' sake 13. Those are the sheep that I bought. 14. I know what you should do. 15. The man who did it has not been arrested yet. 16. I do not know which you want. 17. My aunt who Hves in London is very sick. i Exercise 31. Do these subordinate adjective clauses limit describe 1 — 1. Who is that man who has fallen? 2. James Brown, who is our teacher, is a cousin of the doctor. 3. Montreal, which is the largest city in Canada, is beautifully situated at the foot of Mount Royal. 4. These boys, whom you will perhaps remember, were at my grandfather's last year. 5. Give it to the first man that asks for it. 6. An honest fellow who stood by gave him this advice. 7. This hall, which is used as a court-room, belongs to the hotel-keeper. 8. My Aunt Mary, who lives in London, is sick. 9. The second miner, who lit the fuse, was to follow with all speed to the top. 10. A trout saw a frog that was sitting on the bank. 1 1 . The frog, who was a lazy fellow, would not catch flies. 12. The book which I bought cost fifty cents. 13 Ethel, who had gone for a whisk, soon brushed the snow off. 14. They saw plainly the white stars, which soon melted, however, in the warm room. 50 GRAMMAR. 1 ' I V Everybody rushed out to sec the horrible death they had escaped. 1 6. My uncle John, whom you used to know, is coming to visit us. 17. Take these cakes to the boy whose mother is sick. 18. These women, whose husbands are rich, dress elegantly. 19. A boy who swears is not a fit companion for my son. 20. The bolls, in which the cotton grows, open when ripe. 21. The cotton-plant, which grows in many countries, is very useful. 22. Have you seen a boy who was dressed in a jacket of gray? 23. The other crows, who had been listening, cried out, " Caw, caw 1 '' Exercise 32. IVri^e the proper forms of the pronouns or pronom- inal adjectives as called for in the following : — ■ t; 1 1 i Class. Person. Gender. Number Case. * ' Demonstrative. 3rd. neuter. sing. possessive. ' Personal. 1st. plu. objective. Personal. 2nd. sing. nominative. Demonstrative, 3rd. plu. objective. Demonstrative. 3rd. masculine. sing. nominative. • ' Personal. 2nd. plu. possessive. «* • Personal. 1st. sing. possessive. Demonstrative. 3rd. feminine. sing. objective. Demonstrative. 3rd. plu. possessive. Personal. 1st. sing. nominative. Demonstrative. 3rd. plu. nominative. i Personal. 2nd. plu. nominative. Demonstrative. 3rd. feminine. sing. possessive. 1 ■ Personal. 2nd. smg. objective. Hi ',. Personal. 1st. plu. nominative. : , ■• Demonstrative. 3rd. masculine. sing. possessive. ■''! Personal. 2nd. sing. possessive. ! » Personal. 2nd. plu. objective. ■ " \ Personal. 1st. sing. objective. e death they w, is coming >ther is sick, rich, dress n for my son. open when ny countries, in a jacket of ig, cried out, or pronom- - m Case. possessive. objective, nominative. objective, nominative, possessive, possessive. objective, possessive, nominative, nominative, nominative, possessive. objective, nominative, possessive, possessive. objective. objective. THE PRONOUN. 31 Exercise 33, Fm in the blanks with suitable pronouns and i>ro- nominal adjectives : — A. Personal. 1. ^ist sing.) hurt (ist sing.) on the ice. 2. (2nd plu.) must pay (ist plu.) the money or (ist plu.) nay have to sue (2nd. plu.). 3. (2nd sing.) art the man. 4. Unto (2nd sing.) do (ist sing.) cry. 5. (2nd plu.) men of Gahlee, why stand (2nd plu.) gazing up into heaven ? 6. (ist sing.) will take care of (2nd plu.). 7. (2nd plu.) cattle are in (ist plu.) corn. 8. We seek (2nd sing.) grace alone. B. Demonstrative, 1. (3rd 3ing. masc.) heard (3rd plu.) speaking, but could not understand what (3rd plu.) said. 2. (3rd sing, fem.) gave (3rd sing, masc.) a smart box on the ear and (3rd sing, neut.) was red for an hour. 3. Give (3rd sing, fem.) books to (3rd plu.) brother. 4. (3rd sing, neut.) mother is (3rd smg. masc.) sister. C. Relative and Interrogative. I. — is that man? 2. — did the man say? 3. . — book did you read ? 4. ■ — son are you ? 5. With — did you come? 6. Say — you please. 7. This IS the man of — I spoke. 8. Where is the book — I bought ? 9. This boy, — mother died last summer, is lonely, 10. John is the boy — did the mischief 11. This IS the pen of — I spoke. :' f THE ADJECTIVE. I II i Classification :— 1. As to Meaning : (i) Qualifying : Proper. (2) Quantifying : Cardinal Numerals. Ordinal Numerals. (3) Pronominal : Possessive. Demonstrative. Interrogative. Relative. Indefinite. (4) The Article : Definite. Indefinite. 2. As to Form : (i) Simple. (2) Derived. (3) Compound. Inflection : — 1. Comparison i (i) Regular. (2) Irregular. Degrees : (i) Positive. (2) Comparative. (3) Superlative. Exercise 34. Are the adjectives qualifying or quantifying! Also state the sub class: — Thirty rows. Twenty-two feet. The eastern side. Roman emperors. A strange language. Heroic deeds. Thirtv-five columns. The first wolf. A strange dull sound. Give me a little milk. The seventh day. On the fifth day. I. Modern nations. 2. 3. Stone columns. 4- 5. A hundred men. 6. 7. Public squares. 8. 9- Ten feet. 10. II. Memorable events. 12. ^3- Two thousand years. 14. 15- A Russian nobleman. 16. 17. A Dutch waggon. 18. 19. A little crooked pole. 20. 21. A famous poem. 22. 23- The funniest trees. 24. 32 »■-• •If' 1 ■1 1 1 k ■ 1 ;o Form: mple. erived. )mpound. )N :— iparison : sgular. regular. )s : 3sitive. Dmparative. aperlative. tifying ? Also iWS. wo feet, ern side, mperors. e language, eeds. e columns, wolf. e dull sound, a little milk. ;nth day. fth day. THE ADJECTIVE. 33' 25. 27. 29. 33. 35- 37- Three dollars. It is fierce and savage. Four varieties. The fish are salty. Two soldiers. The third prize. 26. An African rhinoceros. 28. The Asiatic species. 30. The man was sick. 32. Full military dress. 34. A short stubby horn. 36. The boy is young. Farmer John arrived this morning safe and sound. Exercise 35. State the subclass of each pronominal adjective : — I. 3- 5- 7. 9- II. 13- 15- 19. 21. 22. 23- 24. 25 My father. Yonder post What time is it "t That way. The books are mine. Yon turfen bench. Few people. The other day. It is his book. Every paper. 2. Their mother. 4. These two roads. 6. Which book is yours ? 8. Several species. 10. The hat is yours. 12. lioth boys. 14. The book is his. 16. Any person. 18. This hat is mine. 20. Another way. This is the woman whose husband died last week. I hearci wnich boy was arrested. This farmer is the owner of these cattle. I did not know which way to turn. He showed me what figure to make. 26. Either way is unsatisfactory. 27. Every woman gave each child a present. Exercise 36. Give the class a?td sub-class of the adjectives : — I. A sudden splash. 3. Thirty yards. My rifle. Two men. Its fatal rush. II. The lower jaw. \3. The boy is small. 2. A huge pair of jaws» 4. Every muscle. 6. A half-crowr. 8. The whole body. 10. Three undeniable wit nesses. 12. This book is mine. 14. Whose hat is this ? M GRAMMAR. • 5. Zulu spears, 17. Those apples. 19. One dollar. 21. Is this pen yours.? Many farms. Yonder ivy mantled tower. The other morning. It was her purse. Deadly interest. 23 25 16. Neither way. 18. Few scholars. 20. An old ox. 22. The British forces. 24. This is the second time. 26. Yon stunted larch. 27. 1 he other morning. 28. Either way will do. 29. It was her purse. 30. The PVenc h sentinel. 31. Deadly interest. 32. The (ireek alphabet. 23. Do you know which book the thief took? 34. I know the man whose son was killed. 35. Thy limbs are strong. 36. What book is that ? 37. The ancient capital. 38. P'ive pounds' weight. 39. Central Park. 40. Kight feet square. 41. Chicken souptastesgood. 42. The churchyard cottage. Exercise 37. C/assi/y these adjectives according to their form : — 1. Tender, beautiful, gracious, your, ninth, upright, home-made, his, whose, careful, uni)leasant, des|)erate, larger, finest, splendid, first-class, gray-haired, sunny, sunny-edged, yellow, fifth, little, less, determined, con- fidential, blackeyed, useless. 2. Mountainous, half-grown, shining, saddest, bigger, southern, disorderly, endless, covered, uncovered, drunken, enriched, harsher, occasional, reckless, timely, unconditional, English, religious, interesting, untiu.oiv, recent, active, regular, human, blessed. Exercise 38. Form adjectives corresponding to the follow i?ig, and use them with appropriate nou?is : — 1. Count, end wound, bless, beauty, plenty, glory, religion, boy, chi.d, man, love, lead (v.), remain, health, storm, please, nation, tropic, remark, laugh, trouble, quarrel, sense, horror, absence, presence, pride, disobey. 2. Thought, reck, mercy, hope, hate, truth, injure, THE ADJECTIVE. 31 iiS. 11(1 time. :h. ;lo. incl, ibet. at? ight. c. cottage. m : — upright, sperate, sunny, id, con- bigger, :overed, timely, iitiri.ciiV, ig, and ', Rlory, , health, trouble, disobey, injure, tempest, population, fool, self, knave, sick, live, glisten, * fur, fault, fleece, moss, period, ornament, comfort, ngree, enjoy, terror, meddle, arrogance, ignorance. 3. Picture, deceive, compare, include, luxury, practice, progress, intrude, iniquity, instant, dignity, simplicity, suggest, number, novice, mountain, influence, substance, passion, memory, friendship, pallor, misery, music, deli- cacy, publish, revere, offend. 4. England, Scotland, Canada, Cuba, Russia, China, Asia, Europe, America, Africa, Austria, Ciermany, France, Spain, Ireland, Italy, (ireece, Turkey, Holland, Denmark, Saxony, Great Britain, Normandy. 5. Man (Isle of), Portugal, Norway, Sweden, Switzer- land, Belgium, Alsace, United States, Egypt, Afghanis- tan, Iceland, West Indies, Burmah, North-West, Si;>m, Ceylon, Hesse, Washington, Wales. 6. Angles and Saxons ; France and Prussia ; France and Germany ; England and United States ; Spain and United States ; England and Belgium ; England and Germany ; Austria and Prussia ; China and Japrn ; Russia and Turkey ; Greece and Turkey ; England and France. Exercise 39. Add such prefixes to the following as wil/make them mean the opposite : — 1. Kind, merciful, lawful, clean, reverent, regular, religious, legal, liberal, log* :al, sane, decent, different, famous, temperate, capable, moral, mortal, modest, partial, patient, orderly, equal, rational, legible, direct, probable, perfect. 2. Faithful, grateful, responsible, legitimate, constant, definite, patient, perfect, earthly, agreeable, resolute, healthy, limitable, expensive, pious, finite, personal, fortunate, resistible, even, christian, curable, movable, potent, deniable, graceful, reproachable. 3. Necessary, dehcate, accurate, penetrable, mature, believing, reparable, licit, attentive, covered, moderate, measurable, numerable, competent, enchanted, daunted, ri JO GRAMMAR. exi)rcsscd, certain, obligin^^', revocable, soluble, material, clei)L'ndent, separable, mutable, considerable, familiar, • honorable. Exercise 40. Give the three forms of these adjectives where pos- sible and then state the method of comparison : — 1. Sweet, steady, good, beautiful, fat, torpid, lovely, little (si^e), this, hungry, rich, near, noisy, simple, true, our, Canadian, little (amount), lazy, much, agreeable, cautious, complete. 2. Dainty, young, many, merry, soft, those, far, old, my, English, right, fierce, small, heavy constant, stately, prudent, cool, sensible, tore, high, flat, extraordinary, round, hot, familiar. 3. Inferior, tremulous, French, first, notorious, red, tAv^, obedient, horizontal, bad, few, evil, united, late, li.iiic, whizzing, terrible, pure, undisturbed, easterly, long, pleasant, idle. Exercise 41. State the degree of comparison of each adjective. Which is the adjective in each case ? — 1. Smallest, prettier, latter, eldest, most torpid, pleas- ant, living, more graceful, most terrific, more people, pure, heaviest, fewer, rapid, stupid, slower, more violent, ancient, .fiercest, most curious, worst, steadier, best, proper. 2. American, most people, purer laws, largest, recent, most wonderful, more laborious, huge, smiling plains, weary, nobler, merrier, busiest, first, ill, most ignorant, more superstitious, celebrated, swifter, more indolent, latest, wild. 3. Idle, commonest, stronger, most difficult, more timid, most useful, white, sweeter, hopeless, twent>, upper story, the fore part of the shi[), lovely, uppermost, less difficult, the least remarkable, more uncommon, the least beautiful, the most brilliant, less agreeable. THE ADJECTIVE. n atonal, imiliar, ' re pos- lovely, i, true, reeable, ir, old, stately, rdinary, js, red, d, late, ly, long, djective, , pleas- people, violent, :, best, recent, plains, j^morant, ndolent, t, more twent) , )ermost, ommon, ble. Exercise 42. Supply a suitable noun for each adjective : — 1. Home-made, beautiful, graceful, useless, three-inch, hand-made, ready-made, stem winding, wounded, dis- graceful, warm-hearted long-legged, flat-bottomed, rosy- cheeked, waterproof, uncomfortable, delicious. 2. Delicate, old-fashioned, self-willed, rough-cast, second-hand, second-class, birch bark, new-mown, rustic, drunken, frozen, familiar, adjacent, neighboring, dissipated, benumbing, north-west, veteran. 3. Long-headed, well-bred, perpendicular, ill-manner- ed, three-legged, woe-begotten, fair-haired, admirable, celebrated decisive, curly-headed, handsome, two-foot, splendid, malicious, sweet-voiced, honorable, loyal, heart-rending, enterprising. Exercise 43. Change the number of the nouns and make any other changes necessary : — I. 4- 7- 10. 13. 16. 19. A man. 2. That girl. 5. This house. 8. An uncle. 1 1. An owl. 14. An inkstand. 17. A woman. 20. The boy. An ox. The cow. A pail. The table. This man. An eye. 3. This cherry. 6. A book. 9. That horse. 12. The paper. 15. A chair. 18. That berry. 21. The merchant. Exercise 44. Add " a " or " an " as the case may require : — 1. Air, arm, aster, noster, alphabet, nail, ale, axe, apple, angel, ice-hou >e, nice house, ink-bottle, illness, nimble steed, negro, ibex, knife, ignoramus, imp, ox, oat-field, ostrich, nasty taste, off-hand manner. 2. Eye, eagle, ewe, evening, ewer, eunuch, European, t'g'g^ easel, Egyptian, euchre-player, eruption, ear, euphemism, essay, estate, eulogy, Eurasion, evasion, eustachian tube, evangelist. 3. Honor, host, heiress, humble cabin, heir, honest 38 GRAMMAR. man, house, heirloom, heart, hour, haddock, hair, herb, hero, hermit, honorable action, hymn, humorous story, hostler, hundred, humorist, hyphen. 4. Uncle, union, united effort, ulster, upper story, useful article, upset, ulcer, Ute, unanimous decision, um^ bel, unicorn, university, umbrella, uniform, uncertain answer, unit, Unitarian, underground passage, Univpr- salist, use, usher, urchin, usurper, untimely end, usurer. Exercise 45. Give the relation (attributive^ appositive or pred- icative) of each adjective in the following : — 1. Out spoke the hardy Highland wight. 2. Stuffed birds and fishes dry. 3. He has been a rover free. 4. Striped shirt and jacket blue. 5. The brazen clarion's battle note. 6. This little boy is very fat and lazy. 7. A region of emptiness, howling and drear. 8. Strong hands raised him, voices strong spoke with- in his ears. 9. He became sick. 10. The boy fell dead. 11. Struggling through the snowdrifts stark. 12. Life's fire was burning low. 13. By this the storm grew loud apace. 14. His hair is crisp, and black and long 15. His brow is wet with honest sweat. 16. What does she see so strange and black ? 17. By cool Siloams shady rill how sweet the lily grows ! 18. Like an arrow svift he flew. 19. Their boys are taught what a boy can do. 20. Her eyes grew dim and her locks were gray. 21. The carpenter planed the table smooth. 22. It makes me cross to hear you speak so. 23. Wound on wound had left him worn and weak. 24. The animal's limbs are thick and powerful. 25. The form of the rhinoceros is clumsy and its ap- pearance dull and heavy. 26. It will render me perfectly happy. THE ADJECTIVE. 39 ', herb, story, story, m, urri' icertain Univpr- usurer. ' pred- :e with- l. he lily its ap- Exercise 46. Distinguish the various kinds of predicative re- lation : — I. She is tall. 2. I told him to be quiet. 3. He made me tired. 4. They are polite. 5. They saw the man grow pale. 6. The lightning struck him dead. 7. She is richer than her sister. 8. I consider him contemptible. 9. The miners made the man drunk. 10. The grass is quite green. 1 1 . Make your writing plain. 12. We were discouraged. 13. He washed his face clean. His mother wishes him to look clean. Tell him to be honest and industrious. 14. 15- 16. 18. 20. 22. 24. 26. 27. The soup tastes hot. 17. The snow looks dirty. 19. He holds the reins 21. tight. We bum the wood 23. green. We consider it good. 25. John became red in the face. My mother ironed the shirt smooth. I. 3- 4- 5- 7" 9. II. IS- He rubbed himself dry. The air smells sweet. He made the fence straight. He hewed the timber smooth. The snow becomes hard. Exercise 47. Parse the adjectives fully : — A famous traveller. 2. He resumed his conrse. I am not mad, most noble Festus. Those apples were grown by an English farmer. A handsome boy. A ioolish mother. The otter is cunning. Yon cottage on the mount. Nine brave attempts. The laziest and heaviest and most torpid person. 6. Twelve years old. 8. The pen is mine. 10. The French king. 12. Its silken cobweb clew. 14. That great victory. 40 GRAMMAR. I6. 17- 19 20. 21. 23- 24. 26. 27. 28. 32. 33- 35- 36. 38. 39. 40. 41. 43- She saw her brother Petcrkin roll something large and round. Every famous victory. 18. Seventy breezy miles. Gallant Keeldar's life-blood true. A swaggering, rakish, dissipated London coach. The seventh year. 22. The besc man. Diligence was not a whit more toilsome. He is old and feeble. 25. These apples are rotten. The most miserable fellow in the family. The peaches made him sick. She tries to be good. 29. An everlasting covenant. The utmost diligence. 31. This is utter nonsense. High though his titles, proud his name, boundless his wealth as wish can claim. A better way. 34. Broad are these streams. The angel of the village spire, frost-touched, is bright as gold. Two bodies stark and 37. How glorious to be free. white. The figure of the stranger became exceedingly bright. The rarest and most precious things in the world. This is the most favorable view to take. A lovelier scene. 42. A m.ore adventurous colonist. The outermost row. 44. The inner circle. ng large miles. )ach. re rotten. :ovenant. lonsense. )Oundless streams, iched, is ) be free. ceedingly world. /enturous THE VERB. Classification :— 1. A:ii to Meaning: (i) Transitive. (2) Intransitive. 2. As to Form : (i) Simple. (2) Derived. (3) Compound. Voice : — (i) Active. (2) Passive (phr.). Inflections (Conjuga- tion) : — 1. Mood :— (i) Indicative. (2) Subjunctive. (3) Imperative. 2. Tense : (i) Present. (2) Perfect (phr.). (3) I'ast. (4) Pluperfect (phr.). (5) Future (phr.). (6) Future perfect, 3. Person : (i) First. (2) Second. (3) Third. 4. Number : (i) Singular. (2) Plural. Other Verb Phrases : ^i) Progressive. (2) Emphatic. (3) Potential. (4) Obligative. (5) Conditional. ' (6) Imperative. Exercise 48. Classify the verbs according to their jneanin^ : — A. T. The boys play ball. 2. 3. This boy struck me. 4. The boys play noisily. 6. The farmer ploughed the field this spring. The wax doll pleases her very much. The farmer works in the field until dark. The girl walked slowly along a path to the woods. 41 :' 5- 7. 8. 9- 10. Farmers reap wheat. The red man came. He strolled about. 42 "^RAM^R. II. 12. 13. 14. 15- The mound-builders vanished from the scene. They mined for copper near Lake Superior. From these great works they derive their name. In the plains the bison feeds no more. Thus change the forms of being. B. I. The violets are deacons. 3. They were lilies. 5. The pickle is sour. 7. The birds are robins. 9. What did he say ? 1 1 . Why did you take it ? 13. Whom are you loving ? 2. John is a great tease. 4. The rose is red. 6. We hear the robins. 8. Where are you going ? 10. How is it done ? 12. Which shall I take ? 14. Who took my pen ? 16. Which side won? 15. Who is it? 17. There is a bird sitting on the hedge. 18. There is going to be a wedding to-day. 19. There are several boys on the ice this evening. 20. It is wise to be saving. 21. It is useless to try. 22. It will not do to be slow. 23. It is fool' .1 to fret. C. 1. The money was stolen by the thief. 2. The fires are lighted by the janitor. 3. The cheese was eaten by the mouse. 4. The book is lost. 5. The pitcher is broken. 6. The men are working. 7. The boy is singing a song. 8. The horses are worked from morning to night. 9. The song was sung by the scholars. 10. The merchants are selling at cost. 1 1. The merchants are selling their goods at cost. 12. The goods are sold at cost. 13. The lesson was quickly read. 14. The boy has read the lesson. 15. The cup has been broken. 16. The house will be burned up. 17. We will burn the wood. .1 18. I have spoken the truth. ^' THE VERB. 4d le. ame. Lt tease. :d. robins. lU going ? le? [ take ? ' pen ? on? ling, to try. to fret. broken. ght. :ost. 19. The truth was well told. 20. You may go to the pond. 21. The dishes must be washed. 22. You must wash the dishes. 23. You can read well. 24. It can be read easily. Exercise 49, Complete the predicates so as to form (/) transitive verbs, {2) intransitive verbs: — I. The fire bums — . 2. 3. They build — . 4. 5. The woman sewed — . 6. 7. The teacher writes — . 8. 9. The fanner ploughs — . 10. II. My father smokes — . 12. 13. The hunter shot — . 14. 15. The man is sawing — . 16. She paints — . The boy wrote — . My mother crochets — . The scholars learn — . The boy spoke — . The traveller called — . We thresh — . You may read — . Exercise 50. Fill in the blanks with the proper verbs :- A. Lay or lie, 1. The boy — on the grass all day. 2. My sister — it on the table. * 3. The bird — six eggs in the nest. 4. He — at full length on the floor. 5. Do not — on your back when sleeping. 6. You had better — the book down. 7. She has — there since yesterday. 8. I have — it away in a safe place. 9. She is — her money up for a rainy day. 10. The books are — on the windov.. 11. The knife — on the table all the time. 12. Be sure to — plates for four persons. I. 2. 3- 4. 5. 6. 7V GRAMMAR. B... „ ., jRaise or rise. John, — the window an inch. The wind has — considerably in the night. The men are — a barn this afternoon I am afraid a storm is — . The merchants have — the price of their goods. The man — in his sleep last night. The bread has — finely. 8. — your arm a little, William. 9. The trustees will — the teacher's salary. 10. The water will likely — after this rain, 11. The posts have — out of the ground. 12. The frost has — the posts a foot. 13. He has — to be the Premier of Canada. 14. The work — blisters on his hand. Set or Sit. . . 1. You must — the lamps on the shelf. 2. Do not — very long on the grass 3. — the eggs under tl>e — hen. 4. Do not think of — it on the floor. 5. She has — the eggs under the hen. 6. The hen — on the eggs for three weeks. 7. The children were — on a sofa. 8. The clerk — on a long legged stool. 9. My mother — the bottle on the shelf. 10. The boys will — on the step. 11. You must — upright in your chair. 12. They — up until after midnight. 13. — down and stay awhile. D. Fell or fall. 1. The tree has — across the road. 2. The tree has been — by the wood-cutters. 45 THE VERB. 3. The men have — the maph-trce. 4. The rhinoceros — flat upon the ground. 5. The worshippers — on their faces, 6. The rain is — where they he. 7. My father was — trees this afternoon. 8. The butcher can — an ox at a blow. 9. The blow — him to the ground. 10. The leaves — to the ground. 11. We were — swiftly through the air. 12. The bully — the man with one blow. 13. Can you — trees ? Exercise 51. Classify the verbs according to form : — 1. Look, kneel, underbid, conduct, bring, falter, overthrow, incline, discontinue, surprise, imprison, choose, lose, lengthen, upset, object, obey, abound, de- liver, transplant, patch, prolong, lessen, weigh, unfurl. 2. Reel, subserve, perfume, overlook, understand, warble, outlast, present, unfit, react, overheat, trisect, subscribe, mislead, interpose, pierce, partake, proclaim, withhold, betide, increase, decompose, recollect, terrify, re-collect, acquit. 3. Perform, bisect, notice, undertake, neglect, reckon, prosper, rebound, prove, brighten, a^hor, continue, jest, lament, leach, number, rebel, outgrow, precede, enumer- ate, strike, vanish, overset, subdue, approve, beautify, waylay. Exercise 52. Give fhe principal parts of these verbs and then state whether they are old or new ; strong or weak ; regular or irregular ; or defective : — I. Sweep, guide, think, raise, rise, build, woo, forget, give, will, come, roam, tell, hunt, go, hurt, set, hold, break, lurk, become, yield, may, begin, sell, choose, arise, quicken, bound. L 46 GRAMMAR. 2. Bind, shoe, spend, hear Is, led. fighting, makes, fleeing, slung, flew, flowing, drives, dashing, can, works, knowest, screeched, hadst, bursting, clothed^ shall, learn, shook. 3. Sown, stolen, lend, thought, seek'st, drunken, meet, grows, dwelling, hit, bought, bereave, slidden, derides, crowing, ground, rings, wringing, sank, shining, ought, fearing, must, bears. His back was — his leg. The chair, The vase is — to pieces, and useless, lay in the Is the work — ? Have Exercise 53. In the following blanks use either the past or the perfect participle of the verbs, as the case may re- quire: — Begin. He — to build the house. I have not — it. A work well — is half done. They — their tasks. Blow. The wind has — a gale all day. It — from the west. The ship was — up. He — the ship to pieces. Break. He garret. Do. I have — my questions, you — it? They — it quickly. Drink. I — only water. The boys have — the milk. They that be — are — in the night. Go. Is the train — ? The doctor — to the hospital. Having — to Paris, he knew something of the city. Know. The child — nothing of it. I have — it all along. The name of the thief is not — . Mow. Have the farmers — the hay ? The soldiers — down the enemy. This is new — hay. See. Have you — the man ? Yes, I — him last night. It could not be — . We — it to-day. Take. Was the book — ? The thief — my purse. Have you — it away yet ? Tear. The coat was badly — . He — the paper to pieces. I have — the paper. THE VERB. 47 makes, I, works, ill, learn, Irunken, slidden, shining, t or the may re- 2 not — tasks. — from ship to T pieces. J in the ? Have 1 — the hospital, ity. — it all soldiers lim last J purse. 3aper to Throw. I — it away. The man was — forty feet. It will be — away when it is done. Wear. She — her new bonnet. I have — it for ten years. His coat is badly — . Write. It was — in great haste. I have — ten sheets. I — a letter to my brother last night. Exercise 54. Change from the active voice to the passive : — 1. John loves money. 2. The boys play ball. 3. She washes clothes. 4. They eat apples. 5. We made the picture. 6. They sowed the seed. 7. I gave the books away. 8. He struck me on the cheek. 9. My mother makes coats. 10. The men smoked cigars. 1 1 . They have done the work. 12. I have written a letter. 13. The girl has made a hat. 14. The archers have struck the mark. 15. We had eaten the cake. 16. My mother had broken the cup. 17. The woodmen had chopped the tree down. 18. The man had burned up all the wood. 19. He will kill the snake. 20. The smith will shoe the horses. 21. They will hurt us. 22. You will not cheat me. 23. The men will have finished the work at noono 24. I shall have done the work twice over. 25. I am doing my work. 26. She is ironing shirts. 27. They are sawing wood. 28. You are hurting me. 29. The girl was making hats. 48 r.RAMMAR« 30. She was pinching him. 31. They were eatinj; nuts. 32. You may have your tea now. 33. The dog might bile you. 34. He can chaw pictures. 35. The men could fell trees. 36. They must give the money. 2,7- John ought to love his mother very much. 3S. Vou should write a letter to your mother every week, 39. You would do the work more easily it" you took ni) plan. 40. Let him do the work. 41. Let us lake the book. 42. He struck me a blow. 43. He hit me a rap on the head. 44. I gave John an apple. 45. He told me a lie. 46. I heard him his lesson. 47. He gave me a present. 48. My father paid the workmen their wages. Exercise 55* Change to the active form : — A. 1. The work is done by the men. 2. The fox was killed by the hunter. 3. The pies are made by my sister. 4. The goose was stolen by the thief. 5. He was stung by the bees. 6. The sign was blown down by the wind. 7. We have been ruined by the failure. 8. The work has been spoiled by your neglect. 9. The right method has been adopted by them. 10. Our soldiers have been beaten by the enemy. 11. The snow had been shovelled by the man. 12. The clothes had been washed by the servant. 13. The book will be torn by the baby. 14. I shall be murdered by him. THE VERB. 49 ry week, look mj 15. The work will have been finished by me before noon 16. We shall have been beaten by our opponents. 17. The pears are being^ blown off by the wind. 18. The oats are bein^ trampled down by the cattle. 19. The apples are being pared by tliem. 20. The work was being done by her mother. 21. They were being driven about by the wind. 22. A dress was being made by the seamstress. 23. He may have been caught by the Indians. 24. Could he have been carried off by the robbers ? 25. I may have been swindled by him. 26. She might have been eaten by the crocodile. 27. He must have been hurt by the fall. 28. My mother ought to have been obeyed by me. 29. The question should have been done by him. 30. It would have been carried off by the boys. 31. Let the work be done by Mary or Alice. B. 1. Wheat is exported to Europe. 2. The pitcher is broken. 3. Sugar is imported from Germany. 4. I am ruined. 5. The wood is piled up. 6. The money was stolen. 7. Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo. 8. Not a word was spoken. 9. The hymn was sung. 10. Charles I. was beheaded in 1649. 11. The poem was well read. 12. The money was found here. 13. The dog has been killed. 14. The land has been surveyed. 15. The men have not been paid their wages. 16. The cattle have been sold to the butcher. 17. Ashantec has been conquered. 18. The clothes had been washed. 19. The cattle had been fed. 20. The scholars had been kept in. 50 GRAMMAR. ''T. The baby will be petted. 22. The meat will have been stolen before morning, 23. The bread is being baked. 24. The sap is being boiled. 25. The land is being ploughed. 26. The hay was being mown. 27. He may have been deceived. 28. I was given a book. 29. A question was asked me. 30. I have been told a lie. 31. The truth has not been told me. 32. He was laughed at. 33. The matter was talked over. 34. The log was rolled over. 35. The ball was shot through. 36. It was not looked at. Exercise 56. State the voice of each verb nud then change to the opposite voice : — 1. The Frenchmen saw an old fort and took possession of it. It had been made by the Algonquins during the previous autumn. They slung their kettles on the neigh- boring shore and were soon joined b>' some Hurons and Algonquins. All these hated tho Iroquois, and preparations were made to attack tlie'T foes. 2. John is making a cupboard for Lis mother, while a tidy is being made by rilary for he.- aunt. Mary is fond of crocheting and John likes carpentering. Their work is praised by their mother, for she loves her child- ren. They are always making something for their friends. 3. While the apples were being pared and sliced, the girls were preparing the paste for the pies. They then laid the sliced applet: in their places and put the pies in the oven. The hot fire soon baked the pies, and in fifteen minutes they were taken out sweet and delicious. 4. The chapter has been read and the anthem sung ; we must therefore take our places. We must sing the THE VERB. ting. i;^e to the - :)sscssion Liring the le neigh - Huron s ois, and er, while Mary is . Their er child- or their iced, the hey then le pies in , and in IcHcioLis. 'in sung ; sing the i 51 hymn. The sermon will then be delivered by the min- ister, and when he pronounces the benediction we will vacate our seais. Exercise 57. vVhat is the mood of each verb ? Give reasons : — I. The boiling goes on slowly. 2. Go and buy it. 3. If you go to the circus you will be punished. 4. The excitement begins. 5. Shut the door, 6. If I be killed, you must look after my child. 7. Where shall I go ? 8. What does he say ? 9. The victors found four Frenchmen still breathing. 10. If he were a trustee he would be an energetic one. 1 1. Make a fire. 12. Do stop that noise. 13. The Iroquois got possession of the loop-holes. 14. Who could make me such another? 15. Though hand join in hand he shall not be unpun- ished. 16. Are they here — the dead of other days .? 17. Sweet be thy matin o'er moorland and lea. 18. If that be the case we must change our plans. 19. Oh ! What a fine ship we see ! Whose is it ? It is Captain Peel's ship, the Bee. 20. Though he slay me yet will I trust him. 21. God save the Queen. 22. Cried Joris, "Stay spur." 23. Wilt thou try conclusions with Hubert.? 24. If I were you I would try to keep quiet. 25. " Lot us worship God," he says with solemn air. 26. Do be quiet. 27. W^hat is thy name, yeoman .'' 28. How if I refuse to shoot on s'lch a wager .? 29. Shoot, knave, and shoot thy best, or it shall be the worse for thee. 30. Loving friends, be wise and dry, straightway, every weeping eye. 31. If thine enemy be hungry, give him bread to eat, and, if he be thirsty, give him water to drink. 32. Ye shall not eat it, lest ye die. 33. Sith it be no better, I am content to try my fortune. Sa GRAMMAR. 34. Be that word our sign of parting. 35. Bear it patiently, lest it be intolerable. 36. Long live the king. 37. Thy will be done on earth. 38. If we can explain how this peaty bed has been kept pure from earth, we shall be able to understand how a coal-bed may have been formed. 39. An thou suffer that runagate knave to overcome thee, thou art worthy of the gallows, 40. Supposing I were to go away, what would you do .'* 41. Your heart has not been changed to gold. Were it so your case would be desperate. Exercise 58. State the tense of the verbs : — I. I wrote. 4. She breaks. 7. He began. 10. They give. A. 2. He digs. 5. Thou choosest. 8. You rose. II. She forsook. 3. We found. 6. I am. 9. We see. 12. They fly. 13. The boys know. 14. Herteeth shook. 15. Theysmoteus. 16. The men swore loudly 18. The smith strikes the iron. 20. She speaks the truth. 22. He gets bread and milk. 24. They drive the cows. 26. The beast fought hard. 28. She broke her pencil. 30. We wound the yarn. 32. She sits on the floor. Hens lay eggs. 34 17. We weave cloth. 19. He stood on his head. 21. Thou runnest well. 23. The meat hangs high. 25. He comes in time. 27. They drank water. 29. The wind blows softly. 31. We wound our enemies. 33. He set it down. 35. She lay on the floor. 36. He bound the man with ropes. 37. The Great Lakes bou.id Ontario on the south. ft B. I. Thou hast. 2. He had. 3- He is. 4. I was. 5- If I were. 6. If he be. 7. Thou art. 8. WY' were. 9- I have. 10. Yo- >iad. II. Thou hadst. 12. If he were. on earth. )een kept d how a overcome you do ? Were it THE VERB. "ound. I. see. /fly. r smote us. oth. lis head, well, ings high. time, water. )ws softly. r enemies. n. le floor. 3 south. e IS. he be. lave. he were. I 13- 16. 19. 2'' 25. 28. 31- 34. 37. 40. I. 3- 5- 7. 9. 10. II. 12. 13- 14. 16. 18. 19. '^ I Thev did. She ought. You could. Thou doest. Thou oughtest. I could He has. They might. You must. Thou didst. 14. 17. 20. 23- 26. 29. 32. 35. 38. 41. He does. 15. We will. 18. Thou canst. 21. I must. 24. If thou wert. 27. Thou dost. 30. Thou mightest. 33. He should. 36. Thou wilt. 39. He will. 42. C. 53 I may. I shall. He might. You can. He would. We might. He shall. Thou shalt. They do. Thou wast. Thou fightest well. 2. He sowed his wheat. We have worked it. 4. They praised him. He had dreamed of her. 6. You will not do it. I have come lO tea. 8. He passed the door. Thou hast holpen thy servant, Israel. We shall have finished the work at noon. If thou hadst been here my brother had not died. He maketh me to lie down in green pastures. They will have forgotten by to-morrow. You have won the prize. 15. Thou hast done well. They have finished it. 17. I have written a letter. The Iroquois had wintered on the Ottawa. She will pare the apples. 20. We will go to-night. Thou shalt not steal. 22. We shall have risen. D. 1. The bell is rung by the boys. 2. The fire was made by the teacher. 3. The dishes will be bro. en if the table upsets. 4. The ox was slain by the priests. 5. I will not be deceived by you. 6. She is slighted by her companions. 7. The poor fellow was gored by the bull. 8. The cakes are made by my mother. 9. The bell has been rung by the sexton. 10. The pies had been baked by his sister. 11. The meat will have been eaten by the mice 12. The table had been made by the joiner. 54 GRAMMAR. ^ books have been spoiled by the rain, fence was made by the farmer, room will be swept in good time, syrup was eaten by the children, scissors have been lost by your son. pies are well baked in fifteen minutes, boy was soundly whipped, have been deceived by your mother. Exercise 59. [/se ^^ shalV or ^^ will" properly i7i the blanks : — A. Expressing Juturity or intention, I — write (ride, swim, run). We — write. n- The 14. The IS- The 16. The 17. The 18. The 19. The 20. We Thou — write. He, she, it — write. The boy — write. You — write. They — write. The rnen — write. B. You — smg. They — sing. The women - Expressing determination or a promise, I — sing (work, sweep, rise). We — sing Thou — sing. He, she, it — sing. The girl — sing. C. Questions, — I go (write, sing) 1 — thou go 1 — he go .'' — the boy go ? smg. — we go ? — you go ? — they go ? — the girls go ? Exercise 60. What IS the force of ''shall" and ''wiirt- I. We shall be killed. 2. They shall sing. 3. He will go to Berlin. 4. He shall go home. 2S. ? blanks : — ■rite, vrile. write. 1 — write. mise. ing. ^ing. sing, imen - sing. JO? go? iris go ? nin — sing. ) home. THE VERB. 55 5. 7. 9. II. 13. 14. 16. 17. 19. 21. 23. 25 The pigs will be sold. They shall not stop. What shall we say ? She shall go to-day. He shall not die if I Shall I go at once ? 6. They will not get done. 8. I will write a letter. 10. She will start at once. 12. You will be late, can prevent it. 15. Will he do it? You shall not have any dinner to-day. Shall I send more ? 18. The boy will be tired. I will not do it. 20. Wilt thou try again ? She will learn music. 22. I will start soon. Shall we go to church? J4. He snail do the work. Wilt thou go up to Jerusalem to be judged? 26. WMll you have pie ? 27. Will the boy go? 28. Thou wilt surely die. 29. Thou shalt not kill. 30. What will our mother say about it ? Exercise 61. State the person and number of the verbs^ gi'virg reasons :— A. 2. Thou d St hear. 4. You are whispering. I. We work. 3. He reads well. 5. I spoke to him. 6. They work hard. 7. Some of the Iroquois were for going heme. 8. Three days more wore away in these attacks. 9. An uproar of unearthly yells told of their coming. 10. The Iroquois fell back discomfited. 1 1. The fire of the French, who were under cover, told upon them with deadly effect. 12. Bread and milk is good to eat. 13. The bread and the milk are on the table. 14. Your grace's power may easily strip me. 15. Thou shall shoot in thy turn, Locksley. 16. Fifteen cents is too much tor such a book. 17. The jury have agreed on a verdict. 18. The council has adjourned. 19. The jury is in the box. 20. Three days' wages vj-xs lost. 56 GRAMMAR. I. 2. 4 5- lO. II. 12. In 21. Every man and woman was chccring^. 22. I that speak unto thee am he. B. '■'he saint, the father, and the husband prays. Jread and butter was handed around. What is thy name, yeoman .'* John as well as James was there last night. Neither wine nor beer was drunk. 6. Five miles is only a short walk. 7. He that plays with fire is foolish. 8. Thou that stolest, steal no more. 9. Who's the darling little girl, everybody loves to see? A jubilee of acclamations followed. The council were to meet in the hall. It is neither John nor his brother. Each boy and girl makes a merry pair. 14. Why is dust and ashes proud ? 15. Thou that abhorrest idols, dost thou commit sac- rilege? 16. One of the boys was very small. 17. The three miles was soon covered. 18. The party proceeded on their way. 19. What doth the poor man's son inherit ? 20. The wind bloweth where it listeth and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh or whither it goeth. 21. "These twenty nobles," said Prince John, "are thine own ; we will make them fifty, if thou wilt take service with us." Exercise 62. Distinguish the verb-phrases in the folloiving sen- tences^ and where possible give the voice and tense : — A. Progressive. -.. ?*Ty sister is working algebra. 2. We have been eating maple taffy. i J ravs. nt. >ves to see ? lommit sac- lou hearest t Cometh or John, "are )U wilt take Uowin^ sen- Hii tense: — THE VERB. 3. They will be still praising- Thee. 4. I shall have been working for seventeen hours. 5. The wood was being cut with all haste. 6. The farmers are threshing oats. 7. The work is being very badly done. 8. You were sawing logs in the woods that day. 9. They have been watching him for an hour. 10. They had been playing ball in the yard. 1 1. You are being cheated by tl"ke scoundrel. She will be scrubbing the floor, very likely. The boys were being driven to school. I had been digging in the garden. 57 12. 13- 14. IS- The meat was being roasted. B. Emphatic. I. 3- 5- 7- 9- I do like to study. 2. Do you like to study? 4. She does like to dance. 6. Does he start to-day ? 8. We did tell you. ic. I do not like to study. I did go at last. They did not take it. The boy did not say so. You do look like a fright. C. » Potential. I. I can walk. 2. He might come again. 3. We may have been hit. 4. She may be slee,)ing. 5. It can not be done. 6. He may have told me. 7. We could have been sleeping by this time. 8. I could do it on Friday. 9. He might have told you. 10. He might have been doing his questions. 11. He might be mistaken. 12. They n^ay be killed. 13. I could have done the work yesterday. 14. We do not know what might have been done to us. 15. We may go now. 16. What could he say ? 17. What can he have done with it? 18. What could he have been doing all this timef 19. We might as well be eating our breakfast. r GRAMMAR. D. Obligative. 1. I must write a letter. 2. He must have upset it. 3. The murderer ought to have been hanged. 4. I must be learning to read and to spell. 5. The teacher must be obeyed 6. He ought to do his duty. 7. He ought not to have been copying. 8. She ought to have remained at her post. 9. He must have been sleeping at the time. 10. James must have been mistaken. 1 1. The thief ought to be punished. 12. You ought to be attending to your lessons. E. Conditional, 1. I should go if 'I had time. 2. She would go if she could get a ride. 3. We would take it along if we went by Toronto. 4. If I should Fay so folks might talk. 5. If he would do so he would never regret it. 6. If you would study hard you would soon succeed. 7. If he should be hurt, I would not be surprised. 8. I would have been teaching if I bad not been sick. F. Imperative, I. Let him do it. 2. Let them say so. 3. Let us be driven around the village. A. Let him be taken back to the jail. 5. Let us be washing the dishes when he comes. 6. Let her be ironing while you are sweeping. 7. Be that word our sign of parting. 8. Let her take them. 9. Let tliem be sent away. JO. Be it as you wish then. THF VERB. 59 ironto. It. succeed. Drised. been sick. r SO. )nies. sent away. G. Miscellaneous. I. I am writing a letter. 2. She can not walk. 3. I must be learning my lessons. 4. We do like to hear good music. 5. You ought not to tell a lie. 6. If I should say so, it would be telling a lie. 7. Let us all go into the tree together. [killed. 8. You may go now. 9. You might have been 10. The girls were having a good time on the lawn. 11. They must commence their tasks at once. 12. The farmer will be binding oats all day. 13. He may have lied tome. 14. I tcould be done quickly. 15. Let them be placed on the shelves. 16. We do study, whether you think so or not. 17. I would help you, if I had the time. 18. The soldier ought to do his duty. 19. We have been doing sums all forenoon. 20. They might have given him some money. 21. I must be obeyed. 22. They may have taken it. 23. He was being starved gradually. 24. I am. being injured by your course. 25. You must be whipped at once. 26. He might be upset. 27. Must I go to-day ? 28. Have you been sawing wood all day ? 29. May I draw a picture ? 30. Are you learning your spellings ? 31. W^ere you whispering to John? 32. Can the barrel be moved easily ? 33. Must we but blush } Our fathers bled. 34. Might we not be behind time .? 35. Could you ever do .uch a thing? 36. Was your brother working at the hay ? 37. Must I be carried to the skies on flowery be^is of ease? 38. Am I getting my proper share ? 39. I could have been earning a good livini^. 40. You must be going to my aunt's. ll 60 GRAMMAR. 41. What have you been doing all day ? 42. You can be sued at any time. 43. We do work when we have a chance. 44. I could have been arrested for doing it. Note. Part G. may be used Jor parsing also. Exercise 63. Give the proper forms of the verhs^ as callei for in the following tables : — A. Indicaiii^e Mood. Voice. Tense. Pcrs'n Number. Verbs. Active Active Active Passive Active Active Active Passive Active Active Active Passive present present present present past past past past future future future future 1st 2nd 3rd., 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 3rd 1st plu. sing. plu. sing. plu. sing. plu. sing. sing. plu, sing. plu. eat, drink, tell, try. say, hear, take, see. win, say. freeze, think, find, grieve. l)itP, chide, tell, give, run, shear, slay, meet, smite, know. so. (or in the 'crbs. :lrink. try. icar. sec. say. e, think. grieve. chide. jive. shear. meet. :, know. Class. Trans . Trans . Trans . Trans . Tranf> . Trans . Trans . Trans . Trans . Intrans. Intrans. Trans . Trans . Trans . Trans . Intrans. Trans . Intrans. THE VERR. 6i . u o 'Z3 -i-. u ■5 > pass. ind. Tense. No. {)res. 3 act. ind. .... perf. I pass. ind. .... f. perf. 2 pass. ind. .... pi up. 2 act. ind. .... past 3 act. ind. .... future 2, 3 pass. ind. .... pres. 1, 2 act. sub. .... pi up. '. 3 pass. sub . .... perf. 1,2,3 • . . > sub. .... pres. 2, 3 • • • • sub. ■ • ■ . past I, 2 act. ind. pro. perf. I, 2 pass. ind. pro. past 1,2 3 act. ind. pro. future 2, 3 pass. ind. pro. pres. I, 3 .... ind. em. past I, 2 pass. ind. pot. pres. 2, 3 .... ind. obi. pres. 1,2,3 c o u plu. sing. sing. plu. sing. sing. plu. sing. plu. sing. sing. plu. sing. sing. plu. sing. plu. sing. Verbs. dig, find, fling, bite, freeze, sing, move, sec. strike, see. knit, pay. drive, give, ride, get. drive, take, go, come, be, go. ride, sing, beat, drive, sow, see. bite, hold, love, try. love, drive, run, be. Exercise 64. Parse the following verbs fully : — I. He talks nonsense. 3. She sings solos. 5. My father broke it. 7. She told a lie. 9. I will go at once. II. We shall have snow, A. 2. They took our dinner. 4. These boys sing sweetly, 6. It fell to-day. 8. You spoke too fast. 10. He will cut his finger. 12. You will fall off. $8 GRAMMAR. 13. We ate the randy. 15. The l)oy will die. 17. The girl studies hard 19. Stop your noise. 2r. Make a good fire. 23. If you go I will stay at 24. Though he fail to-day 25. The boys will go if the 26. She has a sore foot. 28. Are you there, Tom ? 14. He plays noisily. 16. Cats catch mice. 18. The farmer ploughed the field. 20. Open the door. 22. Take this away, home. he will try again to-morrow, weather is fine. 27. The man is in the barn. 29. Were you in Gait ? B. 1. She broke the cup. 2. They have drunk the milk. 3. The man stands at the door. 4. I am a teacher. 5. Sam will work hard. 6. It had eaten the cheese. 7. The boy will have finished the work by dark. 8. The cows have gone to the pasture-field. 9. I had split and piled a cord of wood. 10. If you have washed the dishes you may go to play 1 1. Ho 1 Strike away the blocks and bars. 12. Though you forbid it I will do it if I can. 13. Who is that man ? 14. The soup tastes hot. 15. John is loved by all his companions. 16. Mary was punished by her mother. 17. Tea is sold by the pound. 18. The bird was killed. 19. The cows will be fed in the morning. 20. The trees will be blown down by the wind. 21. The plates have been washed. 22. The horses had been driven very hard. 23. The work will have been done by this time. PARTICIPLES AND INFINITIVES. Exercise 65. Name the participles and state their kind and reiaiiun ;— I. You have told a lie. 2. He has bouj^ln a rap. 4. They were working last. 3. She is \vriiinj( a letter. 5. She had lost the dime. 6. The money has been laid away. 7. Stoopinj^ low, he retreated from the bank. 8. A grenadier officer, seeing this, called out "They run !" 9. I sdw a poor worn n bent with age. 10. He raised himself like one aroused from sleep. 11. They mo ed forward, receiving, and paying back with deadly interest, the volleys of the French. 12. The gallant Frenchman, though ruined, was not dismayed. 13. Wrapping a handkerchief around the wound, he hastened from rank to rank, exhorting the men to be steady. 14. They scrambled up, holding by rocks and branches of trees, guided only by the stars shining over the cliff. 15. No mob attacked by regular soldiers was ever more completely routed 16. Appalled by the nearness of the crisis, distrusting his captains, dreading everyone who approached him, dreading to be left alone, he sat gloomily in his tent, haunted, a Greek poet would have said, by the furies of those who had cursed him with their last breath in the Ulack Hole of Calcutta. 17. Opening her eyes at last, she begged that they would kiss her once again. That done, she turned to the old man with a lovely smile. 18. Set the tea a-steeping. 19. I never came a-begging. 20. On he comes, running lightly. 63 64 GRAMMAR. 2r. 22. 23- 25. It goes whirring- along. She sees the Beacon Light a-trembling in the rain. While he lay wounded, he was kih^d by the enemy. Having taught for twenty years, he was skilful. Having been caught, the thief was punished. 26. Being wounded, he was unable to help himself. Exercise 66. Distin^^7(ish the participles and the adjectives in the folloiving : — 1. Oft did he tun a Hsteninfr Q.?iX. 2. Listening for a moment, he started off for the barn. 3. \\ft\% dark-lookini;;^\\(\.\n^\\i: ^. 4. He is a careless little midshipman, idling about in a great city. 5. The otter is cunning and daring. 6. Inch by inch, the drowning •i\\\\i sank low. 7. The man, thus clamoring^ was no officer of ours. 8. Leaping {\o\\\ his stool [ind ^/ving Bob a dig in the waistcoat, he said, " I am about to raise your salary." 9. He was encouraged by their cheering. 10. She was discouraged by her failure. 11. Y QX eschewing books and tasks, Nature answers all he asks. 12. O'er me like a regal tent, cloudy-tibbed^ the sunset bent, fiurple-curtainedy fringed with gold, loopea in manv .a wind-swung fold. 13. It is an emblem of the departed soul. 14. I saw a btoken pane of glass. 15. I went stumbling among the spokes of a wheel. 16. The birds were srn^inii in the neighboring Ucc?,. 17. Moses was learned in the w:sdom of the Egyptians. 18. He is a very learned nv.in. 19. A limb, broken by the wind, was '^{inijlying thnvugh the air. 20. He hates to see people taking their ease. 21. So daring in lo\e and so dauntless in war, have you p'er heard of gallant like young Lochinvar. PARTICIPLES AND INFINITIVES. 65 :he rain, enemy. Iful. 1. »elf. r in the lie barn, ibout in Durs. g in the tiry.'^ wers all e sunset n manv eel. rees. y'ptians. ihnHJgh r, have 22. Whose honesty is not so loose or easy, that a ruff- ling \s\x\(\. can blow 't away, ox }!i littering look it blind. 23. Yarrow folk, who hare l.>een buyinj^^ selling. 24. There's Gala Water, Leader Haughs, both lying right before us. 25. We will leave it ^fr^T.i/'w^. 26. Dryborough, where with chiming Tweed, the lint- whites sing in chorus. 27. Those quivering wings composed. 28. Mount ^/zr/>7;3- warbler. 29. The boy, quivering \\\\.h. excitement, could scarcely keep from speaking out. Exercise 67. Name the infinitives and state the kind : — T. He tried to speak. 2. He is likely to go. 3. It is better for you to stay at home. 4. I will go at once. 5. They must stop work. 6. May 1 go out to play ,'* 7. You ought to work hard. 8. He made me work hard all the time. 9. The scholars did nothing but whisper. 10. The girls saw the man kill the fox. 1 1. He commanded him to be brought before him. 1 2. To see is to be convinced. 13. She was about to die. 14. To tell the truth, I am tired of this kind of life. 15. He can do nothing but praise himself. 16. The prisoners wish to be set free. 17. He comes to set the prisoner frea. 18. She goes to church only to be seen. 19. His sign has " Boats ta hire" on it. 20. The boy is fond of making ships and wagg^ons, 21. He rolls his food together before jjlacing ii in bis mouth. 22. He went to the station to see John. 23. On nearing the city, he became ex-cited. 24. He lives by cleaning chimneys. / 66 GRAMMAR. 25. Eating maple taffy is very pleasant. 26. Driving on the grass is prohibited. 27. He made some boards for ironing shirts on. 28. The poor woman tried bathing in sea-water. Exercise 68. Distinf!;iii5h the gerund (or itifinitive in " itig ^^)from the abstract noun : — I dislike wo > king in the hay. Working is often tiresome. I could see the workings of her face. The foot of the beaver is fitted for swimming. The dawn of the mornine; saw Dermot returning. 6. She caressed her child with a blessing, 7. I am well paid for speaking. He was paid for speaking at the concert. In making shoes he could not be surpassed. By taking the short cut we shall arrive sooner. Taking what is not your own is stealing. You waste your time by learning such silly song He loves good eating. His father lost his life hy fooling w'x^Xi a gun. Oh, blessed be that warning I He employed them in making roads and opening up the country. 17. The opening \ook place on Friday. 18. The water covers the ^/>^«/>»^. 19. They were imprisoned for upholding the old beliefs. 20. The making of the coat cost five dollars. 21. We followed all the windings and turnings of the river. 22. The young king nearly caused a risinghy insisting that his sister should gi\e up hearing mass. 23. Hunting is often \ ery dangerous. 24. He is very fond of /raz/^///n^. 25. The laying of the wolves was distinctly heard. 26. It is a fearful thing to hear their famished howling. I. 2. 3- 4. 5- 8. 9. 10. II. 12. 13- 14. 15- 16. PARTICIPLES AND INFINITIVES. 67 '')/rom rning. ler. y song 1. openim; beliefs, r of the nsisting rd. owling. Exercise 69. Draw two lines under the principal verb in each sentence and one line under the auxiliary. Are the principal verbs participles or infinitives ? — I. 3. 5- 7- II. 12. 13. 14. 15- 16. 17- 18. 19 20. 21. 22. 23- 24. 25. 26. She can read. ! could do it. The birds are singmg. I did sing. 2. You should read slowly. 4. I could have done it. 6. I have sung a song. 8. The birds have been 10. singing. You ought to love her. It has been well sung She has l>een loved. They were driving sheep. The cattle should have been driven to the field. The cattle were being driven to the woods. The boy was bitten by the dog. The money has been lost. I do love history. The books are being torn. You might tear it. I must learn to sew. I must be learning to sew. He might have been more quiet. You may go out. Can he write yet ? Are the pies being baked ? Have you dore the work ? Exercise 70. Give the grammatical value of each word that ends A. /// ^^ ing" 1. He concealed his suffering from his men. 2. The rustling of the trees alarmed the French guard. 3. It was morning before the tidings reached him. 4. They fonned at the foot of the winding path. 5. In burning the paper he scorched his sleeve. ' ': I t I 68 GRAMMAR. 6. The paper burning" in the stove is a Sfar. 7. The boy stood on the burning deck. 8. There is a burning pain in my foot. 9. They came to see the closing of that early grave. 10. The hour for closing has now arrived. 1 1. During the closing hours few members were present. 12. All this comes of leaving the path. 13. I shouldn't have cared for rolling down. 14. Some passing wayfarer might have heard you. 15. The moon is ploughing up a mass of gray cloud. 16. There is still a chance of committing the robbery. 17. It is more for the pleasure of hearing him talk. 18. Live for something good and noble. 19. Sage, beneath the spreading oak, sat the Druid. 20. Messengers came hurrying ' with the news. 21. A golden boy stood pointing towards England. 22. Two of his remaining brothers were by his side. 23. For a moment the advancing columns still pressed on, shivering like pennons in the fatal storm. 24. They increased their pace to a run, rushing; over the dying and the dead, and sweeping the living enemy from their path. 25. One tall, Norman k. light rode before the army on a prancing horse, throwing up his sword and catching it, and singing of the bravery of his countrymen. B. 1. It is not growing like a tree doth make men better be. 2. Blessings on the barefoot boy. 3. There is nothing but toil all the world over. 4. To ;.se in anything -a trirk or sleight. 5. There was mounting 'mong Grammes of the Netherby clan. 6. Let each maiden return to her dwelling. 7. Oh ! sweet is Yarrow's flowing. 8. There was racing and chasing on Cannobie Lee. 9. A being breathing thoughtful breath. 10. Every chink and opening is filled with hay. grave. ; present. yon. cloud, obbery. talk. Druid, ws. rland. 3 side. ,11 pressed <^- over the lemy from army on atching it, nen better PARTICIPLES AND INFINITIVES. 69 11. The luml^ermcn sleep in their clothing-. 12. Thy harp-striking- bards sing aloud with devotion. 13. Shops for re])airing sleighs gather round these. 14. Agriculture in the first place, lumbering- in the second. 15. They left in her stead a changeling. 16. To what can I liken her smiling upon me, her kneeling lover ? 17. I'll give you a shilling- for running the errand. 18. A heritage worth being- poor to hold in fee. 19. Not as the flying come, in silence and in fear. 20. He disowned him for marrying imprudently. 21. Whom neither force nor fawning can unpin from giving a'l his due. 22. For who, to dull Forgetfulness a prey, this pleasing anxious being e'er resigned ? 23. She is sad to miss, morning and night, his — her dead father's — kiss. 24. True worth is in being, not seeming ; In doing each day that goes by Some little good— not in dreaming Of great things to do by and by. 25. Never a sound but the wave's soft plashing, As the boat drifts idly the shore along — And the dashing fireflies, silently flashing, Gkiiin living diaa.undb,— the woods among. er. I Netherby )ie Lee. ay. 1 1 THE ADVERB. 1 Classification:— 1. As to Meaning : (i) Time. (2) Place. (3) Manner. (4) Measure and Degree. (5) Interrogative. (6) Negative. (7) Affirmative. 2. As to Form : (i) Simple. (2) Derived. (3) Compound. Inflection . — 1. Comparison : (i) Regular. (2) Irregular. Degrees : (i) Positive. (2) Comparative. (3) Superlative. Exercise 71. Classify the adverbs according to meaning. Give their relation and also parse fully : — A. I. The water flows slowly. 2. 3. She sings sweetly. 4. 5. I answered readily. 6. 7. He reads fast. 8. 9. The man read Ijadly. 10. II. She stared boldly. 12. 13. He went off to-day. 14. 15. I came yesterday. 16. 17. Come immediately. 18. 19. You may go now. 20. 21. I saw him there. 22. 23. The boy tumbled in. 24. 25. The flower is very beautiful 26. He was particularly talkative. 70 The boy writes neatly. He cried loudly. The boy plays roughly. You play well. Suddenly he fell flat. I enjoyed it greatly. Will he go to-night ? I will do it soon. He will go presently. I am going to-morrow. Here is my pen. My mother is out. THE ADVERB. 71 ion: r. itive. ivc. Uve their neatly. r. roughly. 1 flat, ^atly. light ? n. sently. norrow. lUt. 27. It is exceedingly cold this morning, 28. The man is (|uite sicl< to day. 29. My sister writes very beautifully. 30. You speak loo fast and too loudly. 31. The letter was |)arlicularly badly written. 32. This is more plainly written. 33. The book is most beautifully bound. 34. The work was not so badly done. Nor galloped less steadily Roland a whit. 35 B. 2. He comes often. 4. Possibly, it can be done. 6. }lc rode fast away. 8. It may do perhaps. I. He did it once. 3. It is not ])ossible now. 5. Herode off accordingly. 7. This is just the thing. 9.A train-band captain eke was he. 10. They grow forever and forever. 11. Every soul cried out, " Well done ! " 12. He determined to cut him ofif entirely, and so put ail end to the war. 13. He drums as hard as he can. 14. First, where was it fought ? secondly, why was it fought .-* thirdly, how was it won 1 and fourtldy, what was the result of it } 15. There was once a king called Midas. 16. They threw their gates wide open. 17. Down ran the wine into the road most piteous to be seen. 18. The house was full ten miles off at Ware. 19. Whence do you come, and whither are you going? 20. He could not have got a shot off half so fast. 21. There were some twenty marksmen at the loop- holes. 22. The poor man was nearly dead with thirst. 23. The more he gets the better he is pleased. 24. Let your communication be, Yea, yea, nay, nay. C. I. He is seldom sober. 2. She is always working. 3. That will never do. 4. He got here first. I tr« r 7t GRAMMAR. 5. You must ^ei down. 6. He wondered still more. 7. His reeking head full low. 8. Wherefore didst thou doubt ? 9. I lov^e not Man the less, but Nature more. 10. It was sore aj^siinst his will. 11. The farmer drove up to the market. 12. It was i^reatly above his deserts. 13. The nail ran dee|)ly into the fiesh. 14. He came alonif just at noon. 15. He threw it far past the gate. 16. The bullet went wide of the r^ark. 17. The l)n'. was sent clear over v ; 'iiuoe. 18. Just at the moment a spider d ; ]'f ; 19. I rode right in the path of the ; ist. 20. That is exactly my idea. 21. This workman is only a cobbler. 22. That is just the thing, I thin^-:. 23. He left iust as I arrived. 24. They stood fast by the royal standard. Exercise 72. Classify the adverbs according to their form : — Where, once, accordingly, fourthly, full, wherefore, elsewhere, behind, fast, out, likewise, entirely, how, whence, more, there, j)robably, certainly, again, home- ward, now, up, forward. Exercise 73. Compare the adverbs zvhere possible. State the method and degree of comparison : — Well, badly, grandly, beautifully, heavily, faster, most loudly, more nearly, most certainly, far, coolly, ill, entirely, full, most pileously, oftenest, more seldom, luxuriously, rather, soon, scarcely, immediately, less agreeably, slowly, sadly, sweetly, closely, the least brightly. THE advp:rb. 71 Exercise 74. Which of the WDrds ending in ^^ ly^' are adjectives^ and which adverbs ? — lo A lovely smile. 3. He had a sickly smile. 5. He smiled sadly. 7. A sprightly manner. 9. He spoke thoughtfully. 1 1. Do it immediately. 13. It was doubly dear. 15. A goodly city. 17. He had a kindly smile. 19. The sun shines brightly. 21. He spoke good-nalur- edly. 2. The girl walks slowly. 4. A lively little trout, 6. It is beautifully striped. 8. It is i)leasantly situated. 10. An ungainly figure. 12. It came suddenly. 14. My dearly belov'cvl. 16. Speak kindly. 18. A woolly surface. 20. He leads a goodly life. 22. His iiianiy conduct. THE PREPOSITION. Exercise 75. Name the prepositions and preposition phrases^ their relation. Give the exact grammatical value of the object of the preposition each time : glVtfli^ A. I. 3- 5. He went to Paris. I went for the tea. It is under the stove. Put it in the box. 2. She comes from London 4. It lies upon the desk. 6. I got it at the store. 8. Do it without me. 7. 9, All blessings come from above. 10. She runs about the streets continually. 1 1. He laid it outside the door. 1 2. The boys inside the barn are hiding behind the door. 13. The ship lay right athwart the stream. 14. From what she said, it did not amount to much. 15. She has many trials amid her poverty. 16. In the good days of yore people lived simply. 1 7. After to-morrow we shall have more time. 18. Amidst the storm they sang. 19 It remains in the Southern States throughout the winter. 20. He swims towards his prey. 21. Call the cattle home across the Sands o' Dee. 22. The timber beneath the barn is strong. 23. What did the man come for ? 24. Whom did you speak to .? 25. He is a fine man to work for. 26. It is against my principles. 27. Was never salmon yet that shone so fair among the stakes on Dee. 28. The creeping tide came up along the sand, and o'er and o'er the sand, and round and round the sand. 74 THE PREPOSITION. 75 B. 1. They rowed her in across the rolling^ foam. 2. The woods beyond the river belong to my uncle. 3. Come from under that lounge. 4. He comes from out his winter home. 5. Look the matter over before noon. 6. We'll wander Scotland thorough. 7. What's Yarrow but a river bare that glides the dark hills under? 8. I cannot go till after Monday. 9. He took it out of my pocket. 10. They made a fire because of the cold. 1 1. He got sick on account of the bad food. 12. The boat drifts idly the shore along. 13. The fire-flies gleam the woods among. 14. In spite of the efforts of Bernardo, his father re- mained in prison. 15. Do not go in front of the horse. 16. She will go by way of New York. 17. With regard to this matter, I cannot say much. 18. By taking this path we may arrive earlier. 19. He received three years' imprisonment for stealing cattle. 20. Livingstone remained along with a native teacher on the plain below. 21. The old man had not spoken except to her. 22. The injuries might have proved fatal but fo his tartan jacket. 23. Not a word was spoken save by the young general. 24. And ever the fitful gusts between, a sound came from the land. 25. Hand in hand with her he walks, face to face with her he talks. 26. I've heard bells tolling old Adrian's mole in. 27. His chief beside, smiling, the boy fell dead. 76 CiRAMMAK. Exercise 76. Are the words ii: italics adverbs or prepositions ? — I. Come in, John. 3. It is on the table. 5. He ran dy. 7. Tell liim to conic u/>. 9. Jump o^iii once. II. I K<>t over the fence. 13. Get iiowny Fido. 15. I went a/on^ the jxith. 17. S\m ro.n around. 19. ^[iiri adout noon. 21. i l()')ked across, 23. He sat astride a rail. 25. I will run after. 27. I have seen you before. 29. It is ^^/it/«t/the chair. 31. It shot through the air. 33. Turn round., Mary. 35. Do without supper. 37. Stay outside. 39. Put it inside the house. 41. Go to the woods beyond. 2. 4. 6. 8. 10. 12. 14. 16. 18. 20. 24. 26. 28. 30. 32. 34- 36. 38. 40. 42. He is in the house. Jump on quickly. (io by the post-office. It ran up the tree. 1 fell Ojp^ the horse. Go farther over. She fell down the stairs. Come alongy now. She xdn around \\\Q. room. Do not run about. I went across the street. I I e tossed the hoy astride. Cio ajter dinner. Come before tea. The dog runs behind. The stone went through. I ran round the room. I can do without. It is outside the door. You may go inside. It is beyond the sky. Exercise 77. 6^/z/^ the force of the prepositions ift the following i — A. 1. He ran wildly about the room. 2. The battle commenced about noon. 3. It is lying somewhere about the drawer. 1. My sister is still under vl^q. 2. The merchant sold the liook under cost. 3. The cat ii lying under the stove. THK I'KKI'OSITION. 77 C. 1. The balloon rose above the < loiids. 2. He lives a little above tlK; church. 3- Can you keep your head above water? 4. He thinks \\\\\\^\A{ above the others in the villugK, a 1. We get j,'old and silver /row mines. 2. He went //"<;;« lierlin to Paris. 3. You are goin^ from the mark. 4. I think he is innocent from what I have heard. E. 1. I was walking with my brother. 2. He went out with the tide. 3. He went off 7^/M only one dollar. 4. On one occasion I saw it — with my own eyes shw it, F. 1. The workman went for his dinner. 2. I did not '/o, so he wentybrme- 3. This medicine is for the fever. 4. He said the hook was for y u. 5. We did it more /or mischief than unything else. G. 1. The man sat by mc all evening. 2. By i)ersevering you will win. 3. I judge him bv liis past actions. 4. He pulled the boy around by the hair. 5. We pulled the plants up by the roots. 6. I ran by him without speaking. 7. V'ou must be home by dinner-time. H. 1. The cellar of the house was low. 2. He was a man o/good princij)les. 3. The villain must h e a heart o/"stone. 4. Give me a gla^s of <■ old water. 5. A volunteer does a work 0/ his own accord. 78 GRAMMAR. i 6. This is the city q/ Minneapolis. 7. Within a mile 0/ Eclinbiirj^^h town. 8. Me was forty days tempted i7/"the devil. 9. This man is very proud ofh\s ancestors. 10. The people of Japan are fond * consent. 17. 'I'his is different her sister's. iS. 1 must insist John doing his work. 3- 4- 5- 6. 9- 10. 1 1. 12. 13. 14. '5 York. THE CONJUNCTION. Exercise 80. Classify the conjunctions and give their re hit ion : — A. 1. He went a^'.iy yesenlay, and came back lo-day. 2. He tried the exam nation, but he faileth 3. He tokl a lie, yet he w as not punished. 4. He will go-if he can j^el away. 5. He came before I was ready. 6. Silver and gold have I none. 7. The cattle ^nazc in the fields and in the woods. 8. (iive the money to Mary or Esther. 9. Ask him whether he has seen my pen. 10. You may not go unless you get my consent. 11. He can dance as well as play. 12. lie can read as well as 1 can. 13. They are neiiher bears nor lions. 14. You must wash your face, else you will have to st.iy at liome. 1 5. He went to Toronto in order that his children mij;Iit attend the university. 16. You may go j)r()vided you have money enougli. 17. He neglected his business, consequently he soon failed. 18. He went to the concert notwithstandinLf it was rain- ing. 19. He failed as the times were hanl, 20. He went as the train came in. 21. He said that I was not very honest. B. 1. Be careful lest you fall out. 2. It was getting late, so I went home. 3. He will not only build a barn, but also erect a fine driving-shed. THE CONJUNCTION. 8i 4. He took both watrh and chain. 5. He died that we niij^Hit live. 6. He went by the road, wliereas he should have gone across the fields. 7. He should be set at liberty seeing he is innocent. 8. He cannot go, now he is sic k. 9. You must stay after the rest go. 10. He has left since you arrived. 1 1. You may go since you have received ])crniission. 12. He did it though he knew it was not wise. 13. This paper is thicker than that. 14. Can he read or write ? 15. He can either read or write. 16. He has plenty of money, hence he can fight the matter out in the courts. 17. It will be a difficult matter, sti.ll he may succeed. 18. It never rains but it pours. 19. I can go nowhere but you are at my heels. 20. These pisf.ls, as they are called, have their place in the centre of the fiower, whilst the stamens stand around them. Exercise 81. J soon a fine Use each conjunction in the proper blanks no con- junction to be sed twice : — As, if, and, >ut, how, yet, that, when, where, before, therefore. John said he was going to New York. I know the train left. John put the book he could not find it. I will go I can get a^vay. He tried hard he did not succeed. 6. You were warned you are greatly to blame. 7. £ know the question is worked. 8. The boys were punished they did not behave. 9. The boys quarrelled they returned from school. 10. Try to pay us a visit you go to Boston. XI. He went to the store bought a cap. I. 2. 3- 5- GRAMMAR. Exercise 82. .Ire the ttali^(zed iv-rds pyepysitions or conjunctions'^ Give reasons : — r. I am ^i .;g for come milk. 2. Vou must be careful, for you might get hurt. 3. He was hurt but he did not cry. 4. Ever>body is away but me. 5. You must stay //// the end of the storm. 6. He stayed //// we weie \u\ tired 7. He started off after the storm was over. 8. She ran after the dog. 9. The dog ran before the horses. 10. You must not go before the moon rises. 11. We intend to work unfit ihv. hay is finished. 12. Our friends will stay untit Christmas. 13. I warned him, s/itt he did n<^> give heed. 14. It lies beside the cupboard. 15. He has lost all, vet he does not despair. 16. You are behind lime today. 17. You must not go while it is storming. 18. I heard him crying when 1 was outside. 19. The boy ran around \\\q. I^arn. 20. This man lives beyond \.\\ii river, 21. I eat oysters because I like them. 22. Put the basket beneath the seat. 23. I would like toicnow how it is done. 24. I know where the man went. 25. The water under the bridge is deep. 26. You may go //you finish your work. 27. It !ies just inside the door. 28. Ask him whither he is going. unctions? rt. THE INTERJECTION. Exercise 83. Fob u out the interjections, and where possihle state the emotion or thou^^^ht expressed by each : — 1. Oh ! You hurt me ! 2. Ilur^ih ! Christmas will soon be here. 3. " linivo, bravo 1 " the kin^ cried out. 4. IMiaw I that is not ri^ht at all. 5. All ! Now I have cauj,dit you. 6. Kic ! Would you do such a thinj^ ? 7. Hello 1 Is that you, Alexander .? 8. (live me of your bark, () birch tree ! 9. Hush ! Phi)' quietly, says mamma. 10. Hail, smiling' morn ! 11. Fitz-Stcphen cried, "Woe! woe to mc !" and sank to the bottom. 12. Tush ! That is nonsense. " Eh 1 " cried the l)oy with all his might of wonder. " Ugh ! " cried the paper, as it burst into a flame. Aha ! I have caught you at last. Heigh-ho ! What is the world coming to? 17. Lo ! We have left all and followed thee. 18. Hoi such a one, turn aside, sit down here. 19. Dear, dear ! What can the matter be? 20. *• Why, mother docs, to be sure," said Tommy. ?T. Hark ! Rising to the ignoble call, how answer- each bold Bacchanal. 22. Well, you see, cooks arc awkward things to hang, 23. Dear me I Do you c.dl that being unlucky? 24. Halloo! Froggie. You there still ? 25. Rub-a dub-dub ! Rub-a-dub-dub ! He drums as hard as he can. ^ 26. So, there, bossy I So I 27. The sheep's " Bleat, l)leat I " came over the road. 28. " Ho, ho !" said the crow, " Here's a j)reily boy !" 29. What ! You do not like to work ? 30. Ha 1 ha ! ha ! Life is lovely and sweet. 8j 13- 14. IS 16. MISCELLANEOUS; Exercise 84. In the followinf^ selections^ which 7Vords (i) are names ^ (2) state or assert^ (j) stand instead of names ^ (if.) modify the meaning of other words^ (s) join or show relation^ (6) are used as exclamations ? — A. " Holloa ! " he says in a loud cheerful voice. ** What 1 benighted, younj,'sler ? " *'Oh! is it you, Mr. D ?" says the boy; "no, 1 am not benighted ; or, at any rate, 1 know my way out of the woods. ' The man draws farther back among the shrubs. *' Why, bless the boy, ' he hears the farmer say, " to think of ourmee'ing in this way ! The parson told me he was in hopes of seeing thee some day this week. I'll give thee a lift. Thib is a lone place to be m at this time o' night." B. After several mazy circles I f und my way out, and was hurried along to ihe top of the fall that brought me to your fef:L Farewell ! farewell little flower I Let mc away to my heaven in the sea. (iod tells you to rest here, but to me he gives no rest except in the glorious sea. And so wherever I am, in cloud, or rainbow, or stream, or river, always the one thing I crave for is to get back to the sea. C. "What's the matter.^" sa'cf Grov.l?r to the tabby cat, as she sat moping on the step of tht: ktchen door. 84 MISCELLANKOUS. $$ ** Matter enouj^li," said tlic rat, turning' her licad another way. "Our rook is very fond of talking"- of han^dnj,"^ me. I wish heartily some one would hanj,*^ her" " Why, what is the matter?'' repealed (irowler. "Hasn't she beaten me, and called mc a thief, and threatened to be the denth of me ? " "Dear, dear!" said Growler. "Pray what has brought it about ?" Exercise 85. Give the f^rafumatical values of the words called for in the following : — 7. A. 1. She lives in a beautifHl mansion. 2. Set the tea a-steepin^-. 3. She sees the lieacon Light a-trembling in the rain. 2. After, % 1. You came after me in the carriage. 2. You must have come soon after. 3. She came after 1 left. 4. 1 will run after. J. Above. 1. There were above a dozen jieople. 2. The above sentence is incorrect. 3. ]'lace it above not below. 4. A gentleman is above a mean act. 4. About. 1. You run about, my little maid. 2. I'lay about the linuse, children. 3. This is just about what 1 e.\])ected of hiir. S. AIL 1. All men are mortal. 2. I took all I found. 3. All is lost but honor now. 4. lie sailed all round the world. 86 GRAMMAR. 6. Any. 1. Few, if any, would do it. 2. Have you any money for me to-day ? 3. Are you any better this morning ? 7. As. 1. He took the medicine as a preventive. 2. This is the same boy as I saw yesterday. 3. Tears such as anj^els weep. 4. As a neij^hbor he was well liked. 5. I am very doubtful as to the result. 6. The man lof:k;. as though he were sick. 7. He was as brave as a lion in the fight. 8. You might as well go with the rest. 9. He left as I entered the room. 10. I took it as an insult at once. •I r. As a rule he is quiet in the harness. 12. As you do not like it, I will not offer it to you. 13. She turned to the old man with a lovely smile — such, they sn'd, as they had never seen. 8. Bthw. 1. The newspaper lies below the table. 2. I think you had better go below. 3. This power comes only from below. p. Beside. 1. He sat ])eside me. 2. You shall provide shelter in stall, and food, and field beside. 10. But. 1. But for you I should have been killed. 2. I can but lament the deplorable result. 3. I found no man but he was true to me. 4. None knew thee but to love thee. 5. 'Tis but a little faded flower. MISCKM-ANKOU?^. »7 6. They all went but my sister. 7. I go but to return. 8. Sir, I l)ave but ten. 9. There is no fireside, howsoe'er defended, but has one vacant chair. //. Else. 1. Is anyone else here this evening ? 2. Where else were you since you left ? 3- He must be sick else he would have written to us. 12, Ettotigh. 1. It is good enough for a plain man. 2. We had enough money to take us home. 3. He has enough if he only thought so. 4. We have had enough of that kind of work. 7j. Fast. 1. My horse is a fast trotter. 2. The nail is fast in the plank. 3. Your brother talks too fast. 4. As a politician he plays fast and loose. 5. The child remained fast by his motiier. 14. For, 1. This man works for his living. 2. He pressed on, for he was ambitious. 3. For what we are about to receive make us truly thankful. 15. Full 1. The saucer is full to the brim. 2. The singers had a full house last evening. 3. Fu'l well he knew it would trouble him. 4. Full many a flower is born to blush unseen. 88 GRAMMAR. l6. Hard. '. The castle stood hard by a forest. 2. My fallier lived at Blenheim then, yon little stream hard by. 3. How hard you work, sir! 4. We buy hartl wooil for the winter. 5. The diamond is hard. 6. My father is very hard of hearinj^. //. However. 1. That course, however, he is not inclinetl to take. 2. Death spares none, however powerful. 3. It is a very serious step to take, however, I w-ll do my best to perform my duty. 18. It. 1. It is whispered about that he is not honest. 2. It is goin^*^ to rain before midnight. 3. It is a very fine juicy apple. ig. Like. 1. We ne'er shall see his like again. 2. I like to deal with such a man. 3. John Munro is like his father. 4. This man talks like a fool. 5. My brother John looks like me. 20. More. 1. This carpet cost more than that. 2. This is more beautiful than that. 3. Watch no more, no more, with face against the pane. 4. He is constantly seeking for more. 5. (iive the poor fellow some mere food. 6. I saw no more owing to the fog. 7. I have more money than you. d MISCELLANEOUS. 89 ream do t the 21. Near. 1. Come near, and bless us when wc wake. 2. He shiulderecl at the near approach of winter. 3. 'I'lie hot sLinnncr is near. 4. The man sat near me on a log. 22. Needs. 1. He must needs ^o through Samaria. 2. He needs must think of her once more. 3. My needs are few and small. 4. He needs good food to build him up. 2J. NmV. 1 . You must go on, now you liavc come so far. 2. (io to V'\(S. now, you noisy children. 3. They said, *' Not this man, but Barabbas " ; now Harabbas was a robber. 24. So. 1. So we made the women with the children go. 2. Whether he is a genius or not, he is c onsidered so. 3. David was wise ; Solomon was more bo. 4. There was nothing to see, so I came home. 5. So thought he, so died he this morning. 6. I am not so big as my brother John. 7. If you like the book, say so at once. 25. Since. 1. He has been sick since the picnic. 2. Since you say so, I Ijelieve it. 3. He had dwelt on the earth ever since Adam was driven out of the Ciarden of Eden. 26. That. 1. Do you not see that he is a thief? • • 2. That he did the deed is |)relly certain. 3. Now that you mention it, 1 remember it. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) v.. -^ tf 1.0 I.I 1.25 1:^121 |2.5 - "^ 1 2.2 ii ^ 12.0 ^IM V] V3 // O 7 ■%>> ..^*^l Photogr^hic Sdeiices Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. USSO (716) S72-4S03 iV '^ ^ M ^▼ ^\endent? In what senst co-ordinate ? — 1. The girls were working, but the boys were playing. 2. I went to Gait and returned in the evening. 2. The women are baking pies and the men are reap- ing tlie wheat. 4. It is the sound of wheels, and it rapidly draws near. 5. He cannot draw back, nor can he go forward. 6. Harold broke up the feast and hurried to London. 7. You must do your work, else you will have 10 remain in. 8. These were filled with light brushwood, and the turf was carefully replaced. 9. The English turned to charge them with their lances, and Randolph drew up his men to receive them. 10. He received a good training, therefore he should do better. Exercise 92. Point out the subordinate clauses in the following. State their kind and relation. Also point out thi i>rincipal clauses : — A. 1. The boy who made the noise must come here. 2. This is the man that did the work. 3. The books which I bought have been lost. 4. I am the one whom you saw. 5. This is the boy whose father was killed 99 loo GRAMMAR. 6. * -lese boys whom we see do not po to school. 7. The book belongs to John who bought it. 8. That is the woman whose house was burned. 9. The bottle of ink I bought is used up. 10. The boys we see are playing truant. 1 1. This is the place where I put it. 12. I have forgotten the year when it happened. 13. Do you know the reason why he did it ? B. 1. I .im going where no one can follow. 2. You may play when no one is around. 3. She went home when they sent for her. 4. I found the book where they left it. 5. It could not fly because its wing was broken. 6. If you are honest you will succeed. 7. Unless I was mistaken it was he. 8. It never rains but it pours. 9. He was so weak that he fell. 10. He is so stupid he can not understand. 1 1. He is so wise we must follow him. 12. He died that we might live. 13. Ye shall not touch it lest ye die. 14. The rudder was unshipped in order that the boat might be whirled around without advancing. 15. You must study your lessons now so that you may be intelligent when you are grown up. 16. As yo'i. do so shall you be done by. 17. He cannot write as well as I can. 18. Just as we started the bell began to ring. 19. He should be set at liberty seeing he is innocent. C. 1. I have often heard that he did it. 2. John told me that he was going to town. 3. I think I shall go to Toronto. 4. That I stole the money is a lie. 5. That the game is harmless is doubtful. 6. What he said is not known. CLAUSES. loi he boat ou nuiy )cent. •/■ 8. 9. 10. II. 12. 13- 14. 16. 17. 18. 19. toba. When he went away is unknown. Spend nothin^r but what you eanl. The fact that he said so is sutficient. I judj^e by what I saw myself. From what he said I would ronsider it safe. We cherish the hope that he will succectl. He made it appear thai ho was innocent. Things are not what they seem. This I am sure of, that he stole the money. I said he might go to his seat. I fear the poor woman will die. I should think he whs wealthy from what he says. I was under the impression that you were in Muni- D. Miscellaneous. 1. The story that he has left the country is untrue. 2. From what he earns I should think he ought to be very comfortable. 3. Whatever you do always seems right. 4. How he performed the trick I do not know. 5. She was so sick that she went home. 6. My gold pen is much better than yours. 7. Come near and bless us when we wake, Ere through the world our way we take. 8. It is on the latter that the pollen must fall, in order that the plant may bear seed. 9. " Who is that man who has fallen .'*" Harold asked of one of his captains. 10. A cry went forth among the Normans that Duke William was killed. 11. He had dwelt upon the earth ever since Adam was driven from the Garden of Eden. 12. " Who will catch us?" asked the stranger. 13. This is another brother of his who was bred in France, where he learned the profession of a fiddler. 14. When he became better acquainted with Mr. Toil, he began to think 'that his ways were not so very dis- t02 GRAMMAR. agreeable, and that the old schoolmaster's smile of approbation made his face almost as pleasant as even that of Uaffydowndilly's mother. Exercise 93. jF/V/ in the blanks with suitable clauses : — A. Adjective clauses. 1. The man has been hanged. 2. The sheep has since died. 3. The song is very sweet. 4. Lord Durham, , made a report. 5. The Battle of Bannockburn, , was fought in I3'4- 6. This dog, , belongs to my brother. 7. The ladies are entire strangers to me. 8. The river is very high at present. 9. The newspaper is only an old one. 10. The Globe, , is the chief Reform organ of Ontario. B. Adverb clauses. I. The leaves fall . 3. The boy cried . 5. You must stay . 7. I came at once. 9. She works . 2. The dog barked — 4. Put the money 6. Ring the bell . 8. you must be ished. pun- 10. They went away . C. Noun clauses. I. will never be 2. known. 3. is a He. 5. I know . 7. They said . 9. The boy said " . is a mystiry. 4. IS not true. 6. He told me . 8. They heard -. 10. I asked. 4( l> CLAUSES. 103 J pun- D. Miscellaneous. 1. The boy {adj. cl.) went to bed (, ^dv. cl.). 2. {adv. cl.) he was forced to remain at home. 3. He said {noun cl.) {adj. cl.). 4. ShQ\.o\dn\t {nouncl.) {adv. cl.). 5. He erected a cross on the spot {adj. cl.). 6. The pack turned on their fallen comrades {adj. cl.). 7. It was perfectly clear {noun cl.). 8. He ordered {noun cl.) {adv. cl.). 9. {adv. cl.) he told his mother {noun cl.) {adj. cL). 10. He walked so fast {adv. cl.) {adj. cl.). 11. He was so tired {adv, cl.) {adv. cl.). 12. So sure was he {noun cl.) {adv. cl.). 13. He had outwitted them so often {adif. cl.). 14. {adv. cl.) Douglas threw the casket far ahead of him. Exercise 94. Write sentences containing subordinate clauses as follows : — 1. An adjective clause containing a relative pronoun in the nominative case. 2. An adjective clause containing a relative pronoun in the possessive case. 3. An adjective clause containing a relative pronoun in the objective case. 4. An adjective clause omitting the relative pronoun. An adjective clause commencing with a conjunction. A noun clause used as the subject of a verb. A noun clause used as the object of a verb. A noun clause used as the transposed subject of a 5. 6. 7. 8. verb 9- 10. A noun clause used as the object of a proposition. A noun clause commencing with a relative pronoun 11. An adverb clause denoting time. 12. An adverb clause of measure and degree. 13. An adverb clause giving the cause of a certain action. • •■-p SENTENCES. Classification. According to Form. According to Composition. I. Simple. 2. Compound : — Independent or Co-ordinate I. Declarative. Clauses. 3. Complex : — 2. Interrogative. (i) Principal Clause. (2) Dependent or Subordin- 3- Imperative. ate Clause or Clauses. (i) Adjective Clause, (d) Adverb Clause. (r) Noun Clause. - 4. Compound-Complex. Exercise 95. Classijy the sentences according to their form : — 1. My mother bakes very good bread. 2. The farmers are harvesting these days. 3. How hard do the men work 1 4. Have you written a letter to your mother yet ? 5. Shut the door and open the window. 6. Take thine eyes off the bridge. 7. Now tread we a measure. 8. How hard the men work I 9. God save the king ! 10. Oh, what a fine ship we see ! Whose is it.'' It is Captain Peel's ship, the Bee. 11. Has it been long away? It has been. away foi weeks. 104 SENTENCES. lOj N. ordinate )rdin- luses. ? ? It is A'ay foi 12. They are having a picnic. How prettily they are clad ! 13. What is thy name, yeoman ? 14. How sweet the new-mown hay smells ! 15. Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Exercise 96. Classify the sentences according to their composition : — A. 1. The former target was now removed. 2. The archers were to shoot each three shafts in suc- cession. 3. These wise beavers know that they must have a store of food for the winter. 4. He looks the whole world in the face, for he owes not any man. 5. He goes on Sunday to the church and sits among his boys. 6. Andy did not know much about tracks, but the rails seemed to be wrong somehow. 7. As you have never deceived me you may go and amuse yourself as you like the rest of the day. 8. In the middle of the month of October, in the year 1066, the Normans and the English came front to front. 9. As King Harold sat there at the feast, in the midst of all his company, a stir was heard at the doors. 10. When the little party had reached an open space in the woods, her companions ran about enjoying them- selves ; but Susan sat on the grass, wishing she were at home confessing her fault. 11. When the sunshine at the end of March melts the snow, or just before the roads break up, the teamsters return in long trains, with empty sleighs, to their far-off homes. B. I. Some of the leading boats, conveying the light company of the 78th Highlandeis, had, in the meantime, been carried about two hundred yards lower down by the strength of the tide. to6 dkAMMAfti 2. Those dear, kind birds, the robins, that care so tenderly for their own children, were trying to bring back the warmth to these poor darlings, by covering them up from the autumn winds. 3. The death-blow had been inflicted before the animal sprang upon his assailants. 4. The lion's paw was resting on the back of Living stone's heiid, and, when he turned round to relieve himself of the pressure, he saw the creature's fiery eyes directed to the native teacher, who, at a distance of fifteen yards, was making ready to shoot. 5. The battle commenced with a cannonade, in which the artillery of the Nabob did scarcely any execution, while the few field-pieces of the English produced great effect. 6. With a savage growl the frenzied animal seized him by the shoulder, and shook him as a terrier shakes a rat. 7. So stooping down, as needs he must who cannot sit upright, he grasped the mane with both his hands and eke with all his might. i ANALYSIS. Exercise 97. In these sentences pick out the parts called for : — A. Complete subject and bare subject, 1. The children played about in the wood. 2. This wicked uncle told a lie to his wife. 3. The great yellow violets smile out glad. 4. The sweet lily-bells ring for church. 5. Poor, lone Hannah sits at the window. 6. The old man's hair was turning gray. 7. They chatted to him about London. 8. We saw an old horse grazing in the field. 9. The roar of the lion sounds like thunder. 10. A boy with blue eyes stole the birds away. B. Complete predicate and bare predicate. 1. All these animals watch silently for their prey. 2. The poor old woman plodded wearily along. 3. All the wild passions of his nature h^d burst forth. 4. Grandpapa's eyes are growing dim. 5. Have you eaten your apple ? 6. Are you going to Berlin ? 7. I've a cottage of my own. 8. We're going home to-morrow. C. Object. 1. The dog chased the squirrel. 2. The boys are playing foot -ball. 3. The cat ate the fish yesterday evening. IC7 io8 GRAMMAR. 4. The negroes pick the downy cotton. 5. It has won all good men s praise. 6. I'll help you across, my friend. 7. Hasn't the angry cook beaten me ? 8. Have the boys stolen any apples ? 9. Your father has sold one-half of his farm. D. Copula and predicate noun. I. She is a thief. 2. The violets are deacons. 3. I am a child. 4. The flowers are roses. 5. It was a snake. 6. They were farmers. 7. He seems a gentleman at all times. 8. He became a common drunkard. 9. Lord Ronald is heir of all your lands, And you are not the Lady Clare. E. Copula and predicate adjective, I. The man is sick. 2. The rose is red. 3. The road was long. 4. I am very weak. 5. The boys were tall. 6. We were hungry. 7. The chicken soup tastes very hot. 8. That white lily smells sweet. 9. John always seems gentlemanly. 10. The air smells fresh this morning. F. Object and predicate noun. 1 . I am a farmer. I saw a farmer. 2. They broke the rulers. These are the rulers. 3. He is a doctor. I know the doctor 4. John is a rogue. John caught a rogue. 5. Did you see the teacher ? Are you the teacher? 6. Have you got my book ? Js this the book ? ANALYSIS. 109 eacons. OSes. :rs. Predicate adjective and predicate noun. 1. He is a gentleman. He is gentlemanly. 2. The lion is fierce. The lion is a fierce animal. 3. The rose is a beautiful flower. The rose is beautiful. 4. The ladies are tall. Alary is a tall girl. 5. She was skilful. She was a skilful needlewoman. (>, The apple is a useful fruit. The apple is useful. 7. The air is dry. This is dry weather. Exercise 98. Using the foilowifig subjects^ supply the complete [jredicates consisting of at least : — (i) Bare predicate and object. (2) Copula and predicate noun. (3) Copula and predicate adjective. I. John . 2. The farmer 3- The hunter . 4. My mother 5- The doctor . 6. Horses 7. Tomatoes . 8. Roses 9- Napoleon . 10. Columbus - Exercise 99. ;r? Divide these sentences into complete subject and com- plete predicate. Also underline the bare subject and the bare predicate. Model: — Complete subject — The little girl. Complete predicate — looked at the flame. A. 1. The little girl looked at the flame. 2. The good grandmother smiled sweetly upon her. 3. A vast number of lighted candles hung among the branches. 4. A multitude of variegated pictures met her eyes. 5. His pretty little nephew, Arthur, had the best clairq to the throne. no GRAMMAR. 6. Good James, Lord Douglas, had a very long head. 7. Hubert de Bourg, the warden of the castle, loved him, 8. The dog on the road belongs to me. 9. The path through the fields is covered with grass. 10. The boys playing on the street make a lot of noise. 11. The men, thinking only of their own safety, ran away. .. B. 1. Down by the weaver's croft I stolf . 2. All through life the intrepid missionary bore the marks of this dreadful encounter. 3. With a savage growl, the frenzied animal seized him by the shoulder. 4. In the year 79, A.D., it suddenly burst forth in a violent eruption. 5. In 1843, Livingstone, the celebrated traveller, settled in Mabtosa. 6. Near the city of Naples, in Italy, is situated the volcano, Mount Vesuvius. 7. Here, in the midst of a storm, the bird may sit in its hanging nest, fearing no danger. 8. On the 25th of November, in the year 1120, the whole retinue prepared to embark for home. 9. O'er him fast, through sail and shroud, the wreath- ing fires made way. 10. With fire and sword the country round was wr >ted far and wide. 11. All this gay company, with their servants and the fifty sailors, made three hundred souls aboard the Fair White Ship. Exercise 100. Divide these sentences into bare subject^ modifiers of *.he subject^ and complete predicate : — 1. Sometimes fine green hedges are seen. 2. A number of beautiful roses were in bloom. • head. , loved frass. f noise, ty, ran ANALYSIS. iit ore the :ed him h in a settled ;ed the sit in po, the reath- r ited id the Fair ..