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[No. 5.] 
 
 PROTECTIOH OR FREE TRADE? 
 
 fi 
 
 I^eview of tl^e f latform of Both Political Parties. 
 
 ' /' 
 
 In ordf^r that the attitude of both Coiiflervatives and Reformers, on the 
 trade question may be fully undt-rstood, recent utterRnees of the leaders of 
 the Reform party, and also of Sir John Macdonald, are given below. All 
 those who believ* in the National Policy will do well to contrast both 
 platforms. 
 
 What Sir John Says. 
 
 (E.rfrart from h'la .speech at Conservative CmiA^ienUon, Toronto, Dm. 17(h, IS84.) 
 
 '* 1 therefore say that the National Policy lias not in one 
 single particuhir been a failure. And I nail my eolors to 
 the mast on that point. I am a National Policy man. 
 Those who do not agree ysith me on tliat .subject, though 
 they may support me on others, will fail me on the point 
 which is more essential and more important to the future 
 prosperity of Canada than any subject that can be sub- 
 mitted to the Legislature of a nation.*^ 
 
 What Sir Richard Says. 
 
 (Bhetraet from speech in ITou^e of Commons February S^th, 188S. Vide Eantard.) 
 " But, as far as this Tariff is concerned the fact of the 
 matter is simply this, that with respect to most of the manufac- 
 turers, the Tariff has either directly injured them, or it has left thera 
 exactly where they w^ere. What interest have these manufacturers 
 in seeing that wages are raised, and under this tariff wages 
 
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most he raised all oyer or else the condition of the workingmen 
 musi be Ht^zmibly deteriorated." 
 
 (Extract from tprech in Bouse of Oommont, during Se$sion of 18f^6.) ^ 
 
 *' No more stupid act of folly was ever coniinlttcd than in 
 insisting on imitating tlie protective policy of the ignited 
 States. There never was a counti*y less suited for tliat 
 experiment than this Dominion of Canada. Nuw, sir 
 I say that there have been two very potent causes of mis- 
 chief in bringing about the present state of affairs here, line 
 of these I believe to have been the protective system, 
 and not so much in its direct as in its indirect results. They tend 
 to create a permanent and most corrupt lobby and to foster a great 
 many sinister influences ; tlicy tend directly to make manufacturers 
 careless of their own business, and much more disposed to rely on 
 the political influence which they can bring to bear on the Ministers 
 of the day than in the exercise of their own brains and their own 
 energy in advancing their manufactures." 
 
 7 
 
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 What Hon. Mr. Mackenzie Says. 
 
 (Extracts from Spee^-h in House of Commons, Marclh 7ih, 1882. Vld* Hansard.) 
 Ill f nil _ <' With respect to our policy, as contrasted with policy of 
 hon. gentleman opposite, let me say this ; During the elections of 
 1S78 — I am sure there was no lack of abundant declarations of 
 policy on our part to indicate precisely what is the line we intended 
 to follow- -we declined to aiccept anything looking in the 
 direction of Protection. We said we had a revenue of I7i per 
 cent., which afforded a very large protection to manufacturers. And 
 I knew then, and I know now, that that did afford a sufficient pro- 
 tection to nearly every legitimate interest. . . . We have a firm 
 belief that the Tariff that is in existence now, or any protective 
 Tariiff mast i^ecessarily be ultimately a serious mischief to the 
 country.'*t -N^f* »f, jy^^-rf ■ 
 
 What Hon. David Mills Says. ! 
 
 {Extract frotn speech iii Honut of Commoiis, March 12th, 1885. Vide Hansard.) 
 " Well, the hon. gentleman (Hon. A. W. McLelan) says that he is 
 in favor of a reciprocity treaty, but he wants reciprocity upon fair 
 [51 . 
 
y 
 
 terms, he wishes to have sompthinrr to offer tlie people of the rJtift^d 
 States when the time comes for the nej^'otiation of a reciprocity 
 treaty. Well, the hon. gentleman has his opinions as to tlie best 
 means of securing reciprocity, but I can tell him that wh«^n the 
 <]loverniDeiit adopted a liigh protective tariff, when they 
 abandoned the policy of a I'eveniie tariff, they did that 
 wliich was the very worst tliinis: that <;oiild be done in the 
 interests of the people of this country," < - i r,.f' » • ■■■■ .;»r^^*' 
 
 * What Mr. Charlton Says. VL 
 
 {Extract from speech in House of Commons, March 10th, 1885. Vide JSansnrd.) 
 
 " I wish to ask this question : Did our manufacturing inter- 
 ests, when the Bi^ational Policy was introduced, require 
 additional protection ? I answer that they did not. They 
 had attained a great development under a revenue tariff of 15 per'-^ 
 cent, raised to 17^ per ceni in the last two years (<,.e. of Mr. Mac-^^ 
 kenzie's administration.) izi^u c^^lll e/j , in « _■ ts 'ill 
 
 What Mr. Paterson (Brant) Says. 
 
 (Extract from speech in EmiM of Commons, March 16th, 1882, Vide llatuay.i.) 
 
 . . . ** I stand here to-nij^ht and attack their Tariff and 
 denounce their Tariff and fight against them and their 
 Tariff, because, while it has given exceptional advantages to a 
 certain few industries, it has, in addition to injuring other industries, 
 actually placed some manufacturers in a worse position than tluy 
 were before." 
 
 What Mr. Davies Says. 
 
 {Extract from speech in House of Commons, March IStfi, 1886. Vide Hansard.) 
 "And I think, sir, the wretched nostrum (i.e. the National 
 Policy) offered to the people a few years ago has ! n shown to be 
 tlie invention of a quack : that we will soon have the people com- 
 i ^,' to their senses, and reverting to that policy of a revenue 
 tariff, under which, alone I say, tliis country can become great^ 
 prosperous and happy." 
 
 I 
 
■V 
 
 Necessity for Continuing; Protection. 
 
 The immense strides made towards the (levclopinent of our manu- 
 faoturin<T iudustries since 1S79, sb^ws, not that our National Policy 
 ha* porfonued its work and may 1)0 safely dispensed with, Vut on 
 the contrary, that it is still nof'dcd to perform a most important 
 service. As nn American v rit»'»' aptly says :--" Th^^y (tht> duties) 
 arti^ like tlie levee, wliicli iimsf be lit$;li enoii<;li to resist tiie 
 lii^hc^Ht tides and tlic (KTasioiial iiiuudutioiis/' They defend 
 against the surpluses which lorei^;n nations in times of stress would 
 pour upon our shores to relievt^ tlieir mnrkcts. They also keep out 
 the products of foreign pauper labor and enable our own artizans to 
 obt^iin eniploynient, w):iich under a revenue tariff would be 
 impossible. 
 
 A vote for the National Policy means to demand that 
 the products of foreign p-^uper labor shall be kept out of 
 Canada ; a vote against the National Policy means that 
 these products -^hall come into unreatrictod competition 
 with Canadian labor. 
 
 ruhU.<»hod l»y the Industriul Ijeagiio, for gratuitous distribution. —FaKDERio 
 NlCHOLUS, SiicraiaT^, Toronto, Canada. 
 
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