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O. H. M. 8. 
 
 
 LABORATORY 
 
 ov mi 
 
 INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENT 
 
 OTTAWA, CANADA. 
 
 BTJI^LETIlSr No. 168 
 
 TINCrURE OF OPIUM. 
 
 u 
 
 9787—1 
 
M 
 
 tiii 
 
 m 
 
 LABORATORY 
 
 OP TUK 
 
 INLAND REV ENUE DEPARTMENT 
 
 OITAWA, CAl^ADA. 
 
 BULLETIN No.KJS 
 
 TINCTURE OF OPIUM. 
 
 W. J. Gerald, Esq., 
 
 Deputy Minister of luland Revenue. 
 
 Ottawa, December 16, 1908. 
 
 Sir, — I beg to hand you a report upon 31 samples of Tincture of Opium, (commonly 
 known as laudanum). This is a, very important preparation of Opium, and its ftctivity 
 is due to its content in morphine. Opium may contain anywhere from 6 to 15 percent, 
 of Morphine (.\llen. Commercial Organic Analysis ;-Vol. Ill, part 2, page 333). Thia 
 great variability of the crude drug makes it necessnry that its alcoholic extract should 
 be carefully standardized before beinjr employed in preparing the Tincture. Minute 
 directions are given in the British Pharmacopftia for the valuation of the Extract, and 
 for the manufacture of the Tincture The finished Tincture should contain • 75 gramme 
 of morphine (anhydrous), in each 100 cubic centimetres. Since it is practically 
 imp<Msible to keep an alcoholic tincture at absolutely constant strength, under ordinary 
 conditions of pharmrfty, the B. P. fixes definite limits (maximum and minimum) for 
 this tincture, requiring that it shall not exceefl a morphine strength of 80 nor fall 
 below a morphine strength of 70 gramme per 100 cubic centimetres. 
 
 The Tincture of Opium of the United States Pharmacopeia is standardized with 
 e lunl care ; but is a much stronger tincture than that of the B. P. It contains 1 • 20 to 
 1 :.'5 gramme of crystal lizabie morphine per 100 cubic centimetres, being therefore 
 stronger than the ti. P. Tincture in the ratio of 5 to 3. The average dose of the XJ. S. 
 P. Tincture is fixed at 8 drops ; while that of the B. P. Tincture is stated to be 5 to IS 
 drops for repeated administration, or 20 to 30 drops for a single administration. 
 
 It is obvious that in all the samples now reported, the intention of the manufacturer 
 has been to meet the B. P. standard. 
 
 There is every evidence to show that this very important preparation is of good 
 quality in Canada. Of the 31 samples now reported, 10 are strictly within the limits 
 of B. P. strength, while 6 others are practically within the limits. This int«rpretation 
 of the i-esults of analysis is made necessary from consideration of the fact that duplicate 
 analyses, made with the greatest care, may differ about 020 in terms of morphine 
 
8 
 
 percentage w that (unlew one could t.ke the mean of a number of inde ''* •"•'J'"" 
 
 ot the .ame «mple a condition obviou.ly impo»«.bl„ m th« cl».« o£ ^k) we n.a.t 
 accept a poRHiblo error of 020. and consider percentage* imnA between 0.680 and 
 0^20 an'complying with the B. P. Htan.lanl. Even tho^ oxtreme.t vanatwnj found 
 maximum - 940 morphine, minimum - 636 morphine, r-annot be conaidereda. 
 ^icating any dangerou, deviation from the B. P. »t-mdar.l TheM. c.«« may be due 
 trHome*ca«le«.nL in manufacture, to evap,>ratio„ of the Bolvent through too long 
 keeping in imperfectly closed bottleH. or to addition-, of al<ohol or water. *>»»»» ^^ 
 to making up low duo U. evaporation. A strict .nterpret,, Mon of pharmucopu*! direc 
 tioM would clawify the samplea herein reported as follows - 
 
 HmupUm. 
 
 Within Btandani limits '" 
 
 Above " " ° 
 
 Below " " _|3 
 
 Total '1 
 
 For reaHonn already given I consider that it would l« going too far to describe the 
 15 sample* included under the la.t two c.itegones as mlulterated, although a »tnct 
 interpretation of the results of analysis mi-ht warrant this. »j u„.„*i„„ 
 
 ^he only previous examination of Tincture of Opium made umler the Adulteration 
 Act, is reported in Bulletin No. 60, (January 1899). On that occasion 15 samples were 
 report! !, and found to be as follows :— 
 
 Sample*. 
 
 Morphine content correct 
 
 " " high jf 
 
 <• " low 
 
 Total ^^ 
 
 I beg to recommend the publication of this report as Bulletin No. 168. 
 
 I have the honour to be. Sir, 
 
 Your ob«di<-nt servant. 
 
 A. McGILL. 
 
 Chief Analy it. 
 
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