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 22% 
 
 ' 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
S- CAKAO& 
 
 AZIMUTHS OF 
 
 THE NORTH POLE STAR 
 
 FOR 1899 AND 1900. 
 
 LAT. 48 N. TC LAT. 54 N. 
 
 BY 
 
 S. A. ROBERTS, 
 
 Dominion and Provincial Land Surveyor. 
 
 PRICE $1.00. 
 
 for copies address : 
 
 Room No. 55, Five Sisters' Block, 
 Victoria B. C. 
 

 Azimuths of the North Pole Star. 
 
 For 180Q and lOOO. 
 
 With these tables, aii^ a rel^hle watch, ,a^ true meridian, or any other 
 hne, can be determined, whenever 'the Isff>rtH A)le Star is visible ; prac- 
 tically, at any lioin- froj^. .s^I^set ttr's^iliuise, sui'^irseding the ordinary 
 tedious method of waitiifg for th^V>l()iTgftti?'>fe.- *!,(.. i,jost favorable times 
 are in the early dawn and evening twilight, for the work can always be 
 done more (juickly aii.l aceiuvitely by daylight than in the dark. Should 
 the light be rather strong, and the star not easily seen, its place may be 
 f(mnd, with a transit instrument, as follows : 
 
 After levelling, turn the telescope (by deflection from the magnetic 
 meridian) until it points true north, then direct it upwards at an angle 
 equal to the latitude of the place, and it will point to the North Pole. The 
 star should be somewhere in, or very near the Held of view. The obser- 
 vation can then be made, and the Azinuith having been previously ascer- 
 tained by the rule given below, the direction of the meridian or any other 
 line can be immediately found. 
 
 An error in the time will cause an error in the Azinmth, which will be 
 greatest when the Pole Star is near the meridian; as an example: 
 If the error of the watch is 1 m. * 
 
 When the Pole Star is from the meridian, 0. 1. 2. ,S. 4. 
 
 h 
 5. 
 
 h 
 8. 
 
 Error in Azimuth will be ()-o 
 
 •4 -4 -2 1 
 
 Other errcjrs in the wat(!h will, of course, produce proportional errors 
 in the Azinmth ; and the aimve example' will enable an observer to estim- 
 ate the amount. 
 
 There are various ways of determining the error of a watch ; the fol- 
 lowing is suggested as a simple one: Observe the Pole Star at elongation; 
 and with the Azinmth, lay off a true meridian line, and mark its position! 
 A few hours later observe the star when at transit across this line. Note 
 the exact time, and compare it with the true time of transit; the difference 
 will be the eri-oi' of the watch. 
 
 EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES. 
 
 The Azimuths are given to the nearest tenth part of a minute from 
 liat. 48° to 54* N. ' 
 
 In calculating these Tables, a mean polar distance of 1°. 13'. 3Q", was 
 used. The true polar distance is a va»able quantity ; and, at certain 
 times of the year, the tabulated Azinmths will be slightly in error. A 
 correction will then be necessary. This correction, with the dates, be- 
 tween which it is to be used, will be found in the Auxiliary table, headed. 
 Corrections to Azimuths. 
 
 The culminations of Polaris have been calculated for a meridian 120° or 
 8 h. W. of Greenwicli, as being most convenient for use in British Colum- 
 bia. Note that there are two Culminations on the 12th October:— 
 
 In places to the Eastward, follow the instructions in the note at the 
 foot of the Table. 
 
 Ii 
 
t 
 
 RULE FOR FINDING THE AZIMUTH. 
 
 Find the interval between the time set for Observation, and the pre- 
 ceding Culmination of Polaris. 
 
 In the table opposite this Interval, and under the proper latitude, will 
 be found the Azinmth of the Star, which, when necessary, nmst be modi- 
 fled by the correcticjn. 
 
 If the Interval is less than 11 h. 58 m., the Star's Azinmth is W. ; if 
 greater, the Azimuth is E. 
 
 Long. 8 h. W. of Greenwich. 
 Culminations op thk North Pole Star. 
 
 1899. 
 
 h. m. 
 U 30 
 5 50 
 5 17 
 4 33 
 3 .54 
 3 15 
 2 43 
 2 4 
 1 24 
 41 
 2 
 11 22 
 10 43 
 10 4 
 9 25 
 8 42 
 
 p.m. 
 
 2 
 23 
 
 44 
 
 6 5 
 5 28 
 4 43 
 4 4 
 3 21 
 2 41 
 2 2 
 
 1 23 
 44 
 4 
 
 
 11 50 
 11 21 
 10 38 
 9 58 
 9 19 
 8 40 
 8 
 
 7 21 
 41 
 
 s. 
 20 
 .52 
 23 
 50 
 29 
 
 2 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 43 
 2.3 
 
 5 p.m. 
 
 48 a.m. 
 ■M 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 52 
 43 
 34 
 25 
 17 
 13 
 
 3 
 .5;^ 
 48 
 34 
 20 
 
 5 
 49 
 53 
 57 
 35 
 19 
 58 
 35 
 10 
 44 
 17 
 
 49 p.m. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 Mav 
 
 a.m 
 p.m 
 
 :) 
 
 1 Jan. 
 11 
 21 
 
 IFeb. 
 11 
 21 
 
 1 Mar. 
 11 
 21 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 21 
 
 1 
 11 
 21 
 
 1 Jun. 
 11 
 21 
 
 1 Jul. 
 11 
 21 
 
 1 Aug. 
 11 
 21 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 21 
 
 1 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 21 
 
 1 Nov. 
 11 
 21 
 
 1 Dec. 
 11 
 21 
 31 
 
 1900. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 Oct. 
 
 h. m. 
 
 6 .37 
 5 58 
 
 5 18 
 
 4 .35 
 3 .58 
 
 3 16 
 2 45 
 
 2 5 
 
 1 28 
 42 
 3 
 
 11 24 
 10 45 
 
 10 5 
 9 26 
 8 43 
 
 8 4 
 
 7 25 
 
 6 46 
 
 8 
 
 5 27 
 
 4 44 
 4 5 
 
 3 26 
 
 2 4:^ 
 2 4 
 
 1 24 
 45 
 6 
 2 
 
 11 58 
 11 23 
 
 10 :« 
 
 10 
 
 9 21 
 
 8 41 
 8 2 
 
 7 22 
 
 6 43 
 
 p.m. 
 
 s. 
 .52 
 24 
 54 
 29 
 
 1 
 34 
 
 
 38 
 13 
 55 
 
 38 p.m. 
 20 a.m. 
 
 4 
 50 
 .38 
 32 
 22 
 12 
 
 4 
 
 46 
 42 
 33 
 23 
 16 
 
 4 
 51 
 'S6 
 19 
 24 
 28 
 
 6 
 .50 
 23 
 
 8 
 41 
 15 
 48 
 20 
 
 ca.m. 
 p.m. 
 
 p.m. 
 
 In Long.: 7 h. W. Culmin'n, 10 seconds hiter 
 " 6 h. W. " 20 
 oh. W. " 30 
 4 h. W. " 39 
 
 1(5 
 
 s 
 
 M 
 
 O 
 
 18 
 
 il 
 "S 
 
 > 
 
 sti 
 5 
 
 09 
 
 g 
 
 u 
 
 'Ji 
 
 O) 
 C6 
 
 
 
 4^ 
 
 Op 
 
 o 
 
 s 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 Example in Lat. 50° N. 
 h. m. s. 
 KbRcr'n ( 7 30 a.m. 2 Dec. 1899 
 
 "^^^^ (_8_4(M0p.m.lDec. 
 Interval, 10 49 50 
 
 Azimuth, 0^ .32-8 W. 
 Correction, — -2 (Subtract.) 
 
 g True Azimuth, 0° 32 -O W. 
 
 Example in Lat. 54= N. 
 h. m. s. 
 ?or"ob^ern i 8 45 p.m. 1 July 1900 
 
 Interval, 13 58 56 
 
 True Azimuth, 1° l'-7 E. *"*• *'°.'''"'5 .*"^- 
 
 quired.) 
 
 Auxiliary Table. 
 
 Corr'n to Azimuths 
 
 Jun.July Aug. i89g, Add 
 
 Nov.iSqq to I Apr. iQoo Sub 
 
 Sep. Oct. 1900 Add 
 
 Nov. Dec. 1900 double Add 
 
 Interval 
 
 1 Corr'n 
 
 Interval 
 
 h. m. 
 
 / 
 
 h. m. 
 
 
 
 0-0 
 
 2;^ 50 
 
 1 
 
 •1 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 •3 
 
 22 
 
 3 
 
 •3 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 •4 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 •5 
 
 19 
 
 6 
 
 'i) 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 •5 
 
 17 
 
 8 
 
 •4 
 
 16 
 
 9 
 
 •3 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 •3 
 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 <.i 
 
 13 
 
 11 58 
 
 0-0 
 
 11 58 
 
INTKRVAL 
 SINCE 
 
 Culmination, 
 
 H. 
 
 
 2. 
 
 3. 
 
 3. 
 4- 
 
 4. 
 
 M. 
 
 
 5 
 10 
 15 
 20 
 25 
 30 
 35 
 40 
 45 
 50 
 55 
 
 5 
 10 
 15 
 20 
 25 
 30 
 35 
 40 
 45 
 50 
 55 
 
 5 
 10 
 15 
 20 
 25 
 30 
 35 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 50 
 
 55 
 
 4 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 24 
 
 29 
 
 34 
 
 89 
 
 44 
 
 49 
 
 54 
 
 59 
 9 
 
 19 
 
 29 
 
 39 
 
 49 
 
 59 
 
 19 
 
 39 
 
 59 
 
 Azimuths op thr North Polk Star for 1898 and 1899, 
 49° 
 
 LAT. 
 
 48° N, 
 
 
 
 2-5 
 
 4-9 
 
 7-4 
 
 ')•« 
 
 12-3 
 
 14.7 
 
 17-2 
 
 19-6 
 
 22-0 
 
 2ti 
 
 2({-8 
 
 29-2 
 
 31 •({ 
 
 34 '0 
 
 30-3 
 
 :«-6 
 
 40-9 
 
 431 
 
 45-4 
 
 47-6 
 
 49-8 
 
 52-0 
 
 541 
 
 56-3 
 
 i° 58-4 
 
 " 0-4 
 
 2-5 
 
 4-5 
 
 6-5 
 
 8-4 
 
 10-3 
 
 12-2 
 
 14-0 
 
 15-8 
 
 17-6 
 
 19-3 
 
 20-6 
 
 22-3 
 
 23-0 
 
 25-4 
 
 28-9 
 
 28-4 
 
 29-9 
 
 31-3 
 
 32-6 
 
 33-9 
 
 a51 
 
 36-3 
 
 38-6 
 
 40-6 
 
 42-5 
 
 441 
 
 45-8 
 
 46-9 
 
 48-7 
 
 49-8 
 
 50 
 
 ) 
 2-5 
 5-0 
 7-5 
 10.0 
 12-5 
 150 
 17-5 
 20-0 
 22-5 
 24-9 
 27-4 
 29-8 
 32-2 
 34-7 
 37-0 
 39-4 
 41.7 
 44-0 
 46-3 
 48.6 
 50-8 
 531 
 55-3 
 57-5 
 59-6 
 1-7 
 3-8 
 5-8 
 7-9 
 9-8 
 11-8 
 13-7 
 15-5 
 17-4 
 19-2 
 20-9 
 22-3 
 24-0 
 25 -fi 
 27-2 
 28-7 
 30-2 
 31-7 
 33-2 
 at -5 
 35 8 
 37-1 
 38-3 
 40-6 
 42-7 
 44-6 
 46-2 
 47-7 
 49-0 
 50-9 
 52-0 
 522 
 
 50° 
 
 51' 
 
 ) 
 2-»t 
 5.1 
 7-6 
 10-2 
 12-8 
 15-4 
 17*0 
 20-5 
 2;^-0 
 25.5 
 28-0 
 30-5 
 32-9 
 a'rl 
 37-8 
 40-2 
 42-6 
 45-0 
 47 3 
 49-6 
 .'51 -0 
 54-2 
 56-5 
 ' 58-7 
 ' 0.9 
 3-0 
 51 
 7-2 
 9-3 
 11-3 
 13-3 
 15-2 
 17-1 
 19-0 
 20-8 
 22-6 
 24-0 
 25-7 
 27-4 
 29-0 
 30-6 
 32-1 
 .336 
 .351 
 30-5 
 37-8 
 39-1 
 40-4 
 42-7 
 44-8 
 46-7 
 48-5 
 50-0 
 .51-3 
 53-2 
 51-3 
 54-5 
 
 
 
 
 2-0 
 5-2 
 7-8 
 10-4 
 131 
 15-7 
 18-3 
 20-9 
 23-5 
 28-0 
 28-0 
 31-2 
 .33-8 
 38-2 
 38-7 
 41 1 
 43-6 
 46-0 
 48-4 
 50-7 
 53-1 
 .55-4 
 ■ .57-8 
 ' 0-0 
 2-2 
 4-4 
 8-8 
 8-7 
 10-8 
 12-9 
 14-9 
 16-9 
 
 18-8 
 
 20-7 
 
 22-6 
 
 24-5 
 
 25-8 
 
 27-8 
 
 29-3 
 
 30-0 
 
 32-8 
 
 34 1 
 
 a") -8 
 
 37-1 
 
 38-8 
 
 39-9 
 
 41-3 
 
 42-8 
 
 44-9 
 
 471 
 
 49-0 
 
 50-8 
 
 52-4 
 
 53-7 
 
 55.7 
 
 56-8 
 
 58-9 
 
 52° 
 
 0° 
 1° 
 
 
 
 2-7 
 
 5-4 
 
 8-1 
 
 10-7 
 
 ia4 
 
 16-1 
 18-8 
 21-4 
 24-0 
 26-8 
 29-3 
 31-9 
 at -4 
 37-0 
 »)-6 
 421 
 44-6 
 47-1 
 49-5 
 51-9 
 54-3 
 587 
 59-1 
 1-4 
 3-8 
 5-9 
 8-1 
 10-3 
 12-4 
 14-5 
 16-8 
 18-7 
 20-7 
 22-8 
 24-5 
 28-4 
 27-8 
 29-8 
 .31-3 
 33-0 
 34-7 
 36-3 
 37-8 
 39-3 
 40-8 
 42-2 
 43-8 
 44-9 
 47-3 
 49-5 
 51-8 
 53-3 
 54-9 
 56-3 
 .58-3 
 .■>9-4 
 1° 59-5 
 
 58° 
 
 54° 
 
 
 2-7 
 .55 
 8-3 
 11-0 
 13-7 
 16-5 
 19-2 
 21-9 
 2t8 
 27-3 
 .30-0 
 32-8 
 a5-3 
 37-0 
 40-5 
 43-1 
 45-7 
 48-2 
 50-7 
 53-2 
 55-8 
 0° 58-1 
 P 0-5 
 2-9 
 5-2 
 7-5 
 9-8 
 120 
 14.2 
 18.3 
 18-5 
 20-6 
 22-6 
 24-8 
 28-5 
 28-5 
 29-9 
 31-7 
 .as -5 
 a5-2 
 .38-9 
 38-6 
 40-1 
 41-7 
 43-2 
 44-8 
 48-0 
 47-4 
 49-8 
 52-1 
 51-1 I 
 58-0 i 
 57-6 
 1° .59-0 I 
 1-0 i 
 2'1 1 
 2-3 
 
 2° 
 
 
 
 1° 
 
 2° 
 
 2° 
 
 2° 
 
 
 2-8 
 5-7 
 8-5 
 11-3 
 141 
 18-9 
 19-7 
 22-5 
 25-2 
 28-0 
 30-7 
 a3-4 
 38-2 
 .38-8 
 41-5 
 44-1 
 46-8 
 49-4 
 52-0 
 .54-5 
 57-0 
 ' 59-5 
 ' 2-0 
 4-4 
 8-8 
 9-2 
 11-5 
 13-8 
 18-0 
 18-2 
 20-4 
 22-5 
 2t-8 
 28-7 
 28-7 
 30-6 
 
 a2-i 
 
 34-0 
 a5-8 
 37-6 
 39-3 
 41-0 
 42-6 
 44-2 
 45-7 
 47-2 
 48-6 
 50-0 
 52-5 
 54-8 
 56-9 
 .'58 -8 
 
 0-4 
 
 1-8 
 
 3-9 
 
 50 
 
 5-2 
 
 Interval 
 
 SINOB 
 
 Culmination. 
 
 H. 
 23. 
 
 23. 
 
 22. 
 
 M. 
 56 
 51 
 48 
 41 
 36 
 31 
 26 
 21 
 18 
 11 
 8 
 1 
 .58 
 51 
 48 
 41 
 
 31 
 26 
 21 
 16 
 11 
 6 
 22. 1 
 21. 5fJ 
 51 
 46 
 41 
 .36 
 31 
 26 
 21 
 16 
 11 
 6 
 1 
 56 
 52 
 47 
 42 
 37 
 82 
 27 
 22 
 17 
 12 
 7 
 2 
 .57 
 47 
 37 
 27 
 17 
 7 
 57 
 37 
 17 
 57 
 
 21. 
 
 20. 
 
 20. 
 19. 
 
 19. 
 18. 
 
 18. 
 17. 
 
 Cu 
 
 ■^ 
 
 4 
 
T 
 
 Interval 
 
 BINC'K 
 
 Culmination. 
 
 H 
 
 M. 
 
 
 '£i 
 
 56 
 51 
 W 
 41 
 86 
 31 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 ) 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 16 J^ 
 11 ^ 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 23. 
 
 1 
 
 
 22. 
 
 51 
 46 
 41 
 86 
 81 
 26 
 21 
 16 
 11 
 6 
 
 1 
 j 
 
 22. 
 
 1 
 
 
 21. 
 
 56 
 
 46 ' 
 
 41 
 
 86 
 
 81 
 
 j 
 
 
 26 a 
 21 ^ 
 
 P 
 
 
 16 
 
 ! 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 21. 
 
 1 
 
 
 no. 
 
 56 
 52 
 47 
 42 
 87 
 82 
 27 
 22 
 17 
 
 1 
 
 
 ». 
 
 2 
 
 
 0. 
 
 57 
 
 47 
 
 87 4 
 
 27 
 
 17 
 
 P- 
 
 5. 
 
 7 ,, 
 
 
 8. 
 
 57 ^» 
 
 37 I 
 
 
 «. 
 
 17 1 
 
 
 H. 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 57 
 
 M. 
 50 
 19 
 
 :« 
 
 59 
 9 
 19 
 29 
 39 
 49 
 59 
 4 
 9 
 14 
 19 
 24 
 29 
 34 
 39 
 44 
 49 
 54 
 58 
 3 
 8 
 13 
 18 
 23 
 28 
 33 
 38 
 43 
 48 
 53 
 9 58 
 10 3 
 8 
 13 
 18 
 23 
 28 
 33 
 38 
 43 
 48 
 53 
 
 10 58 
 
 11 3 
 8 
 
 13 
 18 
 23 
 28 
 33 
 38 
 43 
 48 
 53 
 11 58 
 
 Azimuths op thk North Polk Star for 1899 and 1900. 
 
 54° 
 
 LAT. 
 
 48° N. 
 
 49° 
 
 50° 
 
 51° 
 
 52° 
 
 53° 
 
 0° 
 
 50-0 
 49-3 
 47-9 
 45-5 
 441 
 42-5 
 40.0 
 ;S8-0 
 3(J-4 
 34 1 
 32-8 
 31-5 
 30-2 
 28-0 
 27-4 
 25-9 
 24-4 
 22-9 
 21-3 
 19-7 
 18-0 
 16-6 
 14-9 
 13-2 
 11-4 
 9-6 
 7-8 
 5-9 
 40 
 2-1 
 0-1 
 58-1 
 56-1 
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