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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est filmd d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 /7 rf--*' ,*>^ ^ « '** r EMIGRATION. PRACTICAL INFORMATION TO INTENDING EMIGRANTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PROYINCE OF QUEBEC ▲S A FIELD FOR SETTLEMENT. BY cr^ 3^/31 IBS -vsrsz-^-TE, Emi^'ution Commissioner for the Province. GLASGOW: M'COBQUODALE & CO., PRINTE«S, i)6 MAXWELL STREET. I'll 7 3 t% fe^ PRACTICAL INFORMATION TO >«wv ^^J?. .,k INTENDING EMIGRANTS.; t.'i. ■•:!,.,,./:/': :t'%<> THE PROVINCE OF ftUEBEC AS AN EMICHIATION ■ 8, ?!•>»; f PI FIELD. vjt^ i^rjjticdw^nsim » rr i TO THE EDITOR OF THE " GLASGOW HERALD." Sib, I went out to Canada some few years ago for a temporary purpose. I had been bred in this country to agriculture. I had struggled on, barely- able to keep my head above water here. I was so convinced by what I saw in Canada that it was the very place for a man willing to work, that no sooner had I returned from my mission, than I went back with my wife and family, and settled on the wild lands of the Province of Quel)ec, near Lake Megantic. I had a hard, but then it was a hopeful and cheery struggle, though domestic affliction and other accidents pressed me sore enough. I was soon able to see that it was my duty to let the toiling millions whom I had left behind me in the old country know that there, beneath new heavens,; there was a new and different earth from that which at home they were barelyf living on, ttnd crumbling down into again, like successive crops of weeds. I saw that only men and women — and chiefly the men and women of dear old Scotland — were needed, that they might enrich this country, and that this country might enrich them. I applied to Government to enable me to come home and lay the matter before my countrymen and countrywomen, and that is why I now Avish to address them on the subject. { The present remarks are placed before the public, specially, I confess, yet nevertheless impartially, with the view of showing to my fellow-countrymen the advantages of the Province of Quebec as a field where the industrious man cannot fail in doing well, and in securing in a few years a real independence. I wish to cherish or sow no illusions. My first observation and my last shall be, that the key-note to all permanent success, " honest labour," must ever be the watchword in the new country. Labour being in great demand, and weli remunerated, the man who reaches the shores of that beautiful section of country with empty pockets, strong armg, and a willing heart, may con- fidently calculate upon a few years only intervening between his penniless condition and the time when he acquires the satisfying and proud title of " laird." It will be well for all to bear in mind that unless they possess the disposition and ability to make themselves useful, they had better not think of leaving home. " Human drones" find no sympathetic spirits there. The soil itself will not smile but in response to constant, intelligent, and indms- trious application. All who wish immediate and splendid results out of nothing (not even laboor required — everything spontaneous and effortless) would do well to consult the oracles of those attractive advertlseii! ints, . scattered all over the country, inviting them to the glorious "West. I am not authorised to hold out any special inducements to those who may settle in the Province of Quebec. It is satisfactory to know that special inducements are not needed to attract emigration thither. Where there is full scope for the industry of every member of a man's family, however numerous (indeed, the more numerous it is the better), a largo family constitutes a valuable property. Farmers I know in that Province - consider each child equal to 1000 dollars. The Province of Quebec has many attractions and inducements, which only re(iuire to be known to be appreciated. It is singular how so little is known of that fine Province, and how so many thousands pass directly through it every year on their way to Ontario and the Far West. An old reaidenter in Ontario, who has grown with that Province, and travelled exten- sively, and who now occupies a prominent position, visited various parts of the Province of Quebec in company v'ith myself last fall. He could not refrain from expressing his astonishment that so many, year after year, pass through and out of such a splendid Province. He had never seen any Province in America to surpass it. Tlie winter seems to be one of the principal objections which I hear advanced in this country. It is really amusing to observe in many instances the contracted features expressive of dread, when talking of the severity of our winters, as if it were impossible to live! through thstt season. A greater error never existed. True, there are *' snaps" of severe frost ; but, owing to the great dryness of the atmosphere,. it is not felt in the same way as it Avould be in this more humid coimtry. Supposing the thermometer reached 20 degrees beloiv zero there, it v/ould be about equal to 10 aiore it here. Snow is welcomed joyfully there as the friend of all ; it forms a protection and fertiliser to the soil. The thrifty man and his family can be profitably employed all through the winter. I believe there is not a healthier Province than Lower Canada anywhere. The climate of tins Province is altogether one of the healthiest under the,- Sim, as well as one of the most pleasant to live in. Fever and ague— those scourges of the South-Western States — are unknown here, every climatic influence being healthy and pure. Another objection I have heard advanced in this country against the Province of Quebec is the French population. Instead of this being an objection, it ought to constitute an attraction. As neighbour settlers, they are very courteous and kind. It is pleasing to know that the very kindliest feelings exist between the French and Scotch, as if they had not yet forgotten that for centuries their fore- fathers had been allies on many a bloody field. So much is this so, that now they are freely joining hearts as well as hands, and intermarrying with each other with the happiest results — the fruit of such unions supply- ing us with a race so combining the quick impulsive nature of the French with the indomitable endurance and cautious nature of the Scotch that I challenge the Avorld to produce a better class of people. The French farmers consider the Scotch to be the best farmers in the world, and are always very anxious to employ Scotch ploughmen. Considering the natural advantages of the Province, connected with the healthy, vigorous, intelligent class of people that are growing up and taking pos- session of the soil, I predict that a few years more will sutiice to place it in u position second to none in the world. — I am, &c., JAMES WHYTE, Government Commissioner for the Province of Quebec, 24 Oswald Street, Glasgow. THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC AS AN EMIGRATION FIELD. 24 Oswald Street, Glasgow, 2'»th May, 1872. Sin, — I shall select for the purpose of instancing progress a district in Compton County, where, .'iG years ago, a band of English emigrants forced their way into and through the woods, liaving no roads, but simply tracks, or what is there termed blazed paths, which is done by chopping a bit of t)ark off opposite sides of a tree at short distances. This is a safe guide to the experienced woodsman ; and those Englishmen, after penetrating the forest for many miles, leaving civilisation far behind them, fixed on sites, and l)uilt their log huts in a neighbourhood where there is now a large and thriving village. They went to work with a will, under veiy great diffi- culties, having, for about ten years, to drive, and carry their grain to the mill, a distance of twenty-seven miles — actually carrying it oftentimes ou their backs ; and for the next fourteen years were obliged to do the same for 21 miles. Any one can picture to himself the many discouraging draw- backs consequent upon such a state of affairs. Let us now take a step beyond these pioneers, and we iind ourselves in the midst of a Scotch settlemenr, composed of persons who went from the islands of Scotland, and who were subject to the same drawbacks for many years. I had various conversations with one of them last year, who, sixteen years ago, started, with wife and seven of a family, and penetrated 26 miles right into the heart of the forest, carrying all they possessed on their backs, pitched their camp under a large tree, the stump of which still stands as a memorial, until they erected a wooden hut to live in on the borders of Lake Megantie. They had to carry on their backs all their food, seed, &c., until they got other conveyances. That brave old pioneer, William M'Leod, who, though far advanced in life, is still as cheerful and ener- getic as ever, is this year president of St. Andrew's Society, and mayor of that municipality, and is now possessed of a farm well stocked, tjnd sur- rounded by neai'ly 100 Scotch families. A few years ago the old Scotch women used to travel from twenty to thirty miles, with loads of wool on their backs, to a carding mill, going in companies of from six to twelve, knitting stockings by the way, carrying a little bag of oatmeal co sustain them on their journey, while their husbands were busy with the axe in the forest. The result of such adventurous courage and indomitable en- durance is that, instead of the waving forest, as far as the eye can reach, there are now well cleared farms all along that section of country, and large, tasteful, commodious houses, instead of tho ivee log-house. Step Inside, and you will find strong, intelligent sons and daughters as '* blythe and bonny" as auld Scotland can boast of. You may, as a rule, find looms instead of pianofortes, but now, as they are becoming so comfortable, the house-loom is yielding to the power-loom in the manufactory, and we hail with satisfaction the introduction of the pianoforte into many of the Canadian homes. The result of all this is that men of moderate means may now go there and purchase small estates with the money they actually pay in yearly rents here, the entire purchase price per acre not exceeding one year's rent per acre in Scotland. I refer at present to farmers with from 40 to 100 acres cultivated, having dwelling-houses, &c,, already built on them. Those farms, if properly managed, would yield crops equal to, or perhaps exceeding, the produce of farms in Scotland, so you may easily calculate what balance you might have for the bank at the end of each year — no rent to pay, exceedingly light taxes, a reymnsive soil if you apply the labour and manure necessary, and a ready and profitable market for •«very article you may produce. — I am, &c., JAMES WHYTE, Emigration Commissioner for the Province of Quebec. EMIGRATION TO THE PROVINCE OF QTIEBEC. TO THE EDITOR OF THE "NORTH BRITISH DAILY MAIL.'^ Sir, The Province of Quebec comprises a territory of 210,000 miles, or 129 millions ot acres. There remains 102,9()l),7o7 sicres of land still to be surveyed. The last figures indicate the vast territory which still remains for the most part covered with valua])le timber, and which it only requires u sufficient numl)er ot able-bodied men to transform into a fertile and lovely country. There is such a variety of scenery — river, lake, hill, and dale — so comldninfr their varied attractions, that if it were reduced to n similiar state of cultivation as Scotbind or England, it woiild assuredly be difficult to find a more desirable coimtry to live in. I now wish to give an account of the average agricultural produce of the Province of Quebec, prices of the same, and of food, and of the rate of Avages, &c., which will bo of advantage and interest to the many sensible men who are leaving and intend to leave for the Province. Allow me, Sir, to preface these quota- tions with this remark, that the system of farming generally practised there is so continuously exhaustive, that instead of the average produce increas- ing, it really is in most instances decreasing. Were the Scotch system of farming practised on the soil, the system of rotation of crops introduced, and the land thoroughly broken up, drained, and sufficiently fed with manure, there is no risk in overstating the matter when I say that most of the following average produce quotations would be dovibled. I liave known some of them to be doubled on new virgin soil before the Canadian farmer had it in his power to draw from it its vitality. Wheat average 20 bushels per imperial acre. Standard weight 60 lb., price os to 6s per bushel ; barley, 35 bushels, weight 48 lb., price 2s 6d to ^s ; oats, 40 bushels, weight 32 11)., price Is 9d to 2s (id ; Indian corn, 36 bushels, weight 50 lb., 3s Gd to 48 3d. The price of Indian corn has been fluctuating for the last two years. Buckwheat, 45 bushels, weight 48 lb., price 2s. Potatoes, 250 but^hels, weight 60 lb., price. Is 3d to Is 9d. Turnips, Avhere well cultivated, 800 bushels per acre. The following are the average Avages : — Experienced ploughmen, from £30 to £40 sterling for first year, with board ; common labourers, 5s per day; mechanics and skilled artizans, from 6s to 10s and 12s per day. Good board can be had at 10s to 12s weekly. Female servants' pays vary from 16s to £2 per month. Boys' wages are from 16s to 46s per month, with l)oard, according to age and ability. Price of food — 41b. loaf, 5d to 6d ; salt butter, 6d to lOd ])er lb.; meat, 2^d to 5d per lb.; cheese, 4d to 7d per lb.; potatoes. Is 3d to Is 9d per bushel ; Maple sugar, 4d to 5d per lb.; loaf sugar, 6d ; tea, 2s to 3s per lb.; eggs, 6d to 9d per doz. Grog, tobacco, &c., are cheap. With reference to agricultural produce, I have to say that the soil is capable of producing very large crops. Mitch has and is being said about prairie land in the West. Allow me to inform you that I have inspected thousands of acres in the Province of Quebec, the soil of which is composed in many parts of rich vegetable mould to the depth of ten and twelve feet ; and, I am satisfied, will produce heavy crops for ten or twelve years before being exhausted sufficiently as to require any additional manure. Just now, grass is growing on that land to the height of six and seven feet ; only a few elm trees are growing at intervals ; but, do not mistake me, that is not the general features of the country, and it is well that it is not. What .,* A a great boon our majestic and valuable forests aro to us, when we think of the miserable life many are very often compelled to lead on the prairies of the West, where, at times, thoy are forced to burn their irrain for fuel, their being no wood to burn, or with which to build houses, except that obtained at great cost. I grant that this is not always the case, but there are no such trials in Quebec Province, where there is plenty of timber, a profitable and ready market for everything you can produce, and railways now being constructed through every part of it. Permit me to add that the Province generally has hitherto had n poor class o^ servants, conse- quently the ifarmers and employers are generally in the habit of paying lower wages than those paid in some other parts of America ; but I have been assured by them that they are willing to pay men and women high wages if they could obtain a higherclass of servants ; and from what I know of the capacity of the Scotch man and maid servants to meet the re(|uirements of the people of my Province, I do not hesitate conscientiously to say to them, *' Go there and you will be hospitably welcomed and treated handsomely, and the supposition is that in a fcAv years you too will be hiring help to do the work on your own properties." There is one serious mistake which I wish to rectify here, and which has led, and is still leading, many astray ; 1 refer now more particularly to those who possess capital to the amount of from £2 to jEIoOO sterling. In going by railway from South Quebec to Richmond you pass through a miserable looking country, establishing the idea that it would not be ])olicy to settle down in such a Province. At Kichmond you arrive at the Grand Trunk Railway proper. In going to the right you pro- ceed to Montreal on your way to Ontario ; to the left you proceed to Sher- brooke (capital of the Eastern Townships) on your way to the New England States and Portland. No sooner do you enter the cars and proceed from Richmond to the left than you are simply charmed with the grandeur of the scenery. The beautiful St. Francis river Hows alongside the railway for 22 miles, and is for the most part hemmed in on both sides by lovely mountain seeneiy. The valley is generally composed of fertile soil, now dotted with delightful healthy Canadian houses. On arriving at Slier- brooke, a beautifully situated toAvn, you may proceed by either of the main routes — one leading to Stanstead the first English settled portion of Qnebec Province — a very fertile and desirable section to settle in — or you may pro- ceed by way of Cookshire (Avhcre is situated the home of our honourable Minister of Agriculture, Mr. Pope) on all the way to Lake Mcgantic, and all being English settlements, and, without excepticm, beautiful country, with clear, sparkling water everywhere. Fine farms can be liought at very moderate prices. Let me give you one instance of the comparative value of farms in Ontario, and those in Quebec Provinces. Just now 1 know of a gentleman Avho is negotiating for a farm in Ontario, for which he will have to pay £1000. I can furnish him for the modest sum of £400, with a farm in my Province, composed of more acres as good soil, with as convenient markets. So, if farmers wish to slip five and six hundred ])oun(ls into the pockets of Ontario proprietors, for nothing, let them blame themselves. JAMES WnYTE, Emigrating Commissioner. 24 Oswald Street, Glasgow. 8 EMIGRATION TO THE PROVINCE OF aUEBEC. 8lR, A letter appeared in the Reformer of last woek, propoundinpf & number of (juestions, and wishing to know the prospects of success that might flow to a workman of average iutelligenee, energy, and industry. Most gladly do I apply myself to the task of answering the (juestlons, being fully satisfied that u faithful representation of the advantages to be derived from settling in the rrovince of Quebec will dispose my fellow-countrymen to give the subject their careful consideration. 1st. What is the jjrice of forest lands? I may here explain that in the Eastern Townships large tracts of land are in thu ))osse«sion of the Eritish American Land Company, Avho have been paying taxes thereon for a number of years, but who are prepared to dis])ose of it on very reasonable terms. Crown lands, of which there are 102,y(5y,7r)7 acres still to be surveyed in the Province of Quebec, can be bou^At at from -iU to 60 cents per acre. In the Eastern Townships, which are now thoroughly opened up and large tracts under cultivation, the price is 60 cents, or 23 (>d sterling per acre. The Government will accept that price in iivc-yearly instalments oi 6d per acre, thereby making it an easy matter to take possession of a small estate. 2nd. What is the average time required to clear an acre and make it ready for the seed? A short descriptiou of the process of clearing may be interesting and useful here. You do not ask anything about the erection of your log-house, so I take you by the hand, emerging from your snug log- house after finishing a substantial breakfast, and lead you to the trunks of the mighty trees of the forest, with nothing but your axe, the only tool required till your wood is all burned. Ycru then begin chopping in an easy standing posture, leaving a stump about three feet high. You then lop off the branches, get up on the top of the fallen trunk, and cut it into lengths convenient to turn into piles, that they may be burned up out of the way. You proceed in this way all winter, until spring, when the snow departs and the sun dries up your fallen timber, preparing it for conllagra- tion. The next process is to set fire to it, when, in a favourable season, every particle will burn up, leaving nothing but the trunks of the trees. You then proceed to pile these trunks one above the other and set fire to them likewise, when by a little attention you can burn up every particle of them. You may then gather the ashes together, protect them from the rain, and sell them at 10 cents a bushel, farmers coming long distances and taking them off from your forest farm for manure ; or you may spread the ashes over your own land, but virgin soil as a rule does not require them. You then sow your seed, and simply scrape the surface with any sort of harrow or rake, put in your potatoes in hills with a hoe. Nothing more is necessary till the rich and glorious harvest is ready for the sickle. I may state that it is best to sow turnips broadcast on new soil. I never saw better and sounder Swede turnips grow anywhere than on virgin soil in the Province of Quebec, Permit me now to answer your question. I will undertake to cut down, branch, and cut the trunks into convenient lengths for burning one acre (imperial) per week, but will allow a beginner two weeks per acre. In the spring it is customary for three or four men to join together in piling tho trunks of the trees; that number, Avith a yoke of oxen, will pile an acre each day, 3rd Is there any way of turning the wood when cut down into a source of income, or is it bui'nt as formerly? As a rule, it is better for a beginner to cut up as much as possible and burn it right off, thereby securing for his fumily 'he largest eroj) the first season ; but a man, if he prefers, may turn liis wouil into rash in manv wavs. Previous to this vcar the most profitable way was t .» burn it all up ; but in doing so many men made pearl ashes from the hardwood, thereby paying all the cost of elearing; but now the railways are penetrating the forest in every direetion, opening up aviMuies for the pro li table outlet of almost every bit of timber on your farm. Pine is now becoming scarce all over the world. I have seen pine trees in the Province of (Quebec about five feet in diameter. As pine wood is becoming scarce, spruce is coming into requisition for building purposes, and of it there is abundance in the Province. From it they make shingles, which serve for slates, sarkiug, flooring, partition-boards, clap-boards, which are nailed on the outside of houses, overlapj)in';each other about three inches, and even doors and windows. The hemlock is useful in fitting np 8tal)les, byres, &c. These premises generally are included in the one large structure termed barn. Within the wooden walls of this structure yt)u Avill find horses, cattle, hay, wheat, oats, barley, buckwheat, maize, pumpkins, &c. They do not build their grain in stacks as in Scotland, but it could be done to as much advantage there as here. Cedarwood is very useful in making fences, railway ties, or what is termed sleepers here, and shingles. Then you have various kinds of exceedingly useful and valuable hardwood timber, which can be appropriated in many ways. 4th. Is there any employment to be had in the district in the event of its being found necessax-y? My ansv.er to "Intending Emigrant" on this heatl is — T most nnhesitatingly assure him that 10,000 people will find employment in the J' -ovince of Quebec. Letters are constantly being sent tome from rcspons.: o men there stating they cannot ^';et the number of men they require, and that wages arc steadily rising. 5th. AVhat amount of money would it require to maintain (say) a i.van, wife, and four children, from the time he arrives in Quebec until he g 'lers the croj)S from the ground he has cleared ; and will the proceeds of the first harvest maintain nim till the second? Let me inform *' Intending Emigrant," on this head, that I have been veiy particular in coming to conclusions on this sul)ject. A family may live very comfortably, dis- pensing, of course, with all useless indulgences, during winter, while they are chopping and until they get crops off the ground, for £20 sterling; and if the male portion of the family keep steadily at work all winter and spring, the first year's crops will leave a considerable surplus, after main- taining the family, till the second. Gth. Is the Canadian Government px'epared to give any assistance to emigrants, and to wliat extent ? The Government are now prepared to grant assisted passages to all emigrants who make Canada their home, to the extent of 10 dollars or £2 sterling, and on arriving at Quebec ray Government will convey you by rail, free of expense, to the point Avhere you may leave the railway ; and you may have free grants of land by going into the interior of the backwoods. Having now exhausted " Intending Emigrant's " queries, I trust the information given will be satisfactory, and will be glad to give any further information that may be wanted, knoAving that the resources of the magnificent province of Quebec only require to be known to be appreciated. No extra touch is needed to allure you or any other industrious man to go to that Province. Nothing but simple yet substantial facts shall be given by me to my fellow-countrymen. Our great native poet has said, and so do I, that " facts are chiels that winna ding." You may depend upon it that the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, shall be advanced ; let all else perish. It is with great satisfaction I notice the rapid progress they are making in the for- mation of a colony of such a select class of men in Edinburgh; by so JO combining you will secure every possible advantage. The world may boast of its patriotic heroes, acquiring chance ft^me in the heat of passion by the slaughtering of thousands of our poor fellow-creatures, but by uniting as you are doing you are inaugurating a system that contains within itself ther vital germ of the truest and noblest patriotism — a patriotism that proposes to itself the task of establishing independent homes, thereby securing for the objectd of your love and for yourselves a competence and position in that bright healthy country tiiat you cannot attain to in dear old Scotland. I conscientiously reccmmend you to go on with your noble scheme. In executing the task you impose upon yourselves, you are advancing the best interests of your respective families, and the story of your patriotism shall bs told for generations to come. I reconimcnd you to proceed Vt-ith all confidence, for I know it is a peaceful and progressive patriotism ; and do not for one moment suppose that it will be your children only that will reap the full benefit. By such a class of men uniting together, a few years only will suflfice to place you in independent homes, where your industry, year after year, will be recompensed by the richest reward. The more confi- dently do I recommend you to proceed, as I know you will take with you your Bibles, and by giving effect to the commands of that faithful monitor* you will secure for yourselves the approbation and blessing of the sovereign Ruler and Disposer of us all. Let the sentiments of the poet be always yours — " Let thy great deeds be thy pr." I may state, in closing this, that a similar > in Glasgow. — I am, &c., to thy God." iony is proposed to be formed 24 Oswald St'oet, Glasgow. JAMES WKYTE, Emigration Commissioner. EMIGRATION TO THE PROVmCE OF QUEBEC. TO THE EDITOR OF THE "NORTH BRITISH DAILY MAIL." Sir, Having been repeatedly asked, since my arrival here a few weeks ago, to show approximately what it would cost a family to start from Glasgow, proceed to the Province of Quebec, settle down on forest land, and support them till they get the first crops off the virgin soil, I noAV do so with pleasure, knowing that such information will be useful at the present time, when such an interest is being evinced on the subjci^t of emigration; and I trust mj remarks may be insti'umental in pi-eventing the repetition of mistakes that have occurred hitherto, resulting oftentimes in the infiiction of hardships and disappointment, and consequent condemnation of the country and everything that lives and breathes in it, from the kind and hospitable Canadian down to the roaring frog, and never once thinking of attributing any blame to his owu miscalcuhations. Let me suppose a family starts in the autumn, composed of father, mother, and four children — two above and two belcw eight years. The first important yei very necessary business is to secure tickets to go by the " Montreal Ocean Steamship Company," or what is commonly termed the " Allan Line," who, from the discri'uinating and kind manai^er in Glasgow down to the under-stcwards on board the steamers, will treat you with respectful and considerate attention. The amount required to convey the family indicated to Quebec at the usual steerage rate is £.31 lOs. My Government will convey von from South Quebec, where you land, to the point where you leave the railway, free^ i i 11 The Colonisation Societies of the Province v ill then step forward and convey you free of expense to youi' forest land, where kind neighbours are ever ready and willing to welcome you, and in numbers will at once turn out and energetically assist you in erecting your log-house, which can be made as comfortable as any stone house in Scotland. You there unpack your dear old Scotch gear, and distribute them as nicely as possible in your ain new independent bame — nae surly exacting laird to bother you noo. No doubt you will be disposed to heave a deep sigh for bonny Scotland, but intrepid action must be yours every day henceforh. The gudeman and eldest boy must be off to the wood at once, and begin underbrushing before winter sets in. So soon as snow and frost prevail, chopping must be commenced, and vigorously carried on till spring, when, if you have ma})le trees on your farm, which are generally plentiful in the Province of Quel)ec, you may, if you choose, make some sugar for family use, and you may use tbe saj), as I have done during sugar time, infusing your tea in it, without having to add any sugar. So soon as the snow departs, and the bright sun dries up your timber it is set fire to. Then the trr.nks are piled together and biirnt up also ; Avhen you may gather the ashes and sell them at ten cents a bushel, or scatter therp over your land. Sow your seed, sr-rape it over, ])ut in your potatoes in hills with a hoe, and there is nothing more to do till your cropi are ripe. In the interim you may if you choose employ your time working for others, or in chopping down more of the forest for next year's crops, but part of that time must be employed in eretting a lo»^ barn to put your crops, stock, &c., into. From the time you commence operaLions till the time when your own produce will be ready to support your family, ten dols., or £2 sterling a month, will provide for yovir family, so that about £20 sterling will be required. If you settle upon 100 acres the price will be HO dols., or about £12 10s. In all about £70 sterling will be sufficient to take you there, tide yon over the first year, provide you with seed, &c. .If you cannot muster that sum, and promise me to stay in Canada, I will inform you of a cheaper method. Government has decided to assist to the extent of i-educing the passage money to £4 5s instead of £0 fis ; under eight, £2 2s )!d ; infantt under one year, 14s Gd ; so that under this rate £21 os takes the place of £31 10s, and instead of paying your land at once. Government will accept it in five yearly instalments, making h 6d per acre each year, or £2 lOs for five years, and the Colonisation Societies will be glad to supply you witli seed for your first year's crops, you repaying them as you are able ; so that £45, instead of £70, will do under this sys'em. No doubt it will be asked by the prudent guidwife — What things should wc take with us ? Antici- pating this question, I may as well inform you in this letter, in case Mr. Editor may get cross with you asking so nuiny question-, take every rag that's in the house with you. The gudeman's dues will need patches occasionally ; but if the male portion of the family have a tolerable outfit, buy no extra clothes for them here. You can get them a shade easier there. But muslins, prints, and such like gear are considerably dearer there than here, so consult your purse, and lay out your extra pennies as prudently us possible. Pack up all your China dishes and earthenware carefully, for they are very dear there. You cannot go wrong in laying in a stock of teapots for family use if yon enjoy a cup of tea. They charged me a few months ago 50 cents for a plain brown earthenware teapot. Sixty cents was the selling price, but this one had a slight !)lemish somewhere. I took advantage of that circumstance and pocketed the ten cents. You can purchase boots cheaper there than her'\ You cannot err in taking a few pots, pang, goblets, &c., and since you are all but certain to become farmers and lairds there, if you have any steel grapes and forks, hoes, &c., cut off 12 the handles and take them too. They will sell for about one-third of their value here, and will save you a few dollars there. Hoping these hints will be useful, I must close this letter ; but aKow me, Mr. Editor, a few words more in answer to a question that is almost invariably put to ne by parents. •Are there plenty of kirks and gude ministers there ? There are churches in every locality, and zealous ministers Avhom I consider underpaid, but who, in the true spirit of their Master, labour incessantly for the good of their flocks. I know a minister there who, against all my remonstrances, persisted in preaching while suffering severe bodily pain, and who, unable to stand, had to sit down and finish his sermon — that pain incurred by labour and exposure in his Master's service. — I am, &c., 24 Oswald Street. JAMES WHYTE, Emigration' Commissioner. Ix another place I give a list of situations to which I would draw the attention of my fellow-countrymen, assuring them they Avill be safely and judiciouslj' advised in accepting of them and going out to fill them up. Not one complaint has reached me yet from any that have gone to the Province of Quebec acting under my advice. I will also add a few of many farms that are for sale on my books, to show those with some means what they may obtain by going to that very healthy and picturesque part of America, the Province of Quebec ; indeed some loose or broken link must exist in a man's own character, if he fails in succeeding in that fine, rich, Province. Government has an agent, a Scotchman, stationed at Quebec where you land--a gentleman who I am satisfied would rather suffer himself, than cause any of you to suffer, so that in Scotland you have to negotiate with a Scotchman, and on your arrival at Quebec you are placed in the hands of a Scotchman, who will see to your being placed in good homes, at the highest rate of wages, if you are capable of earning such, and all under the patronage and assistance of a very liberal Government, but I most emphatically wish all to remember that the key-note to success there is industry. I also take the liberty of adding to this pamphlet a few letters from gentlemen well known in the Province : — DsAR Sir, Waterville, Jan. 31st., 1872. I rec ved a note from you to-day, wishing me to give you ray views about v it sort of emigrants would be most acceptable in this part of the country. The kind of emigrants that would be most acceptable here would be farmers, either male or female, with capital or without it, as those with capital can make a very good investment in land, or those who have no capital have a very good chance to make it here. I have had a good deal of experience in this country, both in Ontario and Quebec; also, I might say the Western States, as I visited the aforesaid places before I bought land out here in the Eastern Township. I can safely say that I fouuii no place that I could get the same return for the same amount of capital as I could get in the Eastern Townships. Farm servants are very much wanted her«, they will get high wages for their services. I have had 13 j a long experience in this country, some 36 years. I commenced fiirming with a very limited capital. I have raised a family of eight children and I am now ahle to give them all something to commence the world Avith, and have sufficient for'the mother and myself in old age. That is just about an average of those who comniencod like myself. I know a good many who have accumulated more wealth than I have done. But now times are greatly changed — it is easier for the farmer to make two dollars noAV than one in former days. You spoke of coming to see me before starting ; if you can possibly come I would be most happpy to have a conversation with you. Yours most respectfully, JOHN M'lNTOSH. V Eaton, March 5, 1872. James "VVhyte, Esq., Emigration Agent, &c, ; Deau Sib, I am a native of Canada. Have always resided in the Eastern Town- ships of the (now) province of Quebec. 1 know what it is to '''■rough it in the bush." When a boy was not worth a decent pair of shoes to my feet ; but by a persevering course of industry and economy, and abstinence from liquors and tobacco, through the blessing of God"^! have l)een enabled to rear in this county a family of live children, give them all u respectable education, $|10nO each to begin life with, and have a competency for mvself and wife during the remainder of our pilgrimage through this'lifc. Erom my own experience, and from my knowledge of the country of my birth J can safely say that any man who has health and a disposition to work can maintain here a respectable existence, and lay by in store something " for a raivy dajj.'" I am greatly pleased that something is being done in the direction of in- ducing settlers from Britain to locate on the waste lands of this section of country, as well as to induce "men of means" to purchase cultivated farms in the older settlements. Parties from the old country can always find farms ready to their hand, with all the comforts and improvements' of modern civilisation, waiting for a cash customer. We shall hail with satis- faction a mixture of the good Scotch element among us, for wherever the Scotchman goes he carries with him the Bible and the Christian Sabbath the two greatest civilisers of this or any other age. I hope, my Dear Sir, you will be successful in your mission to Scotland and that many of its hardy and moral sons and daughters will be induced to cast their lot among us. We want not only purchasers for our farms but we Avant "men servants" and "maid servants." I shall be hanprto give any information m my power to any parties whom you may send here with a view of locating themselves among us. I am, Dear Sir, Yours truly, S. A. HUHI). u ,,,« * ,5.5,,^ Sawycrville, March 6th, 1872 i# Mr. Jambs Whyte, Emigration Agent for Province of Quebec. ^^ Dear Sir, You ask my opinion of the character of the Eastern Townships as a location for settlers, and fiehl and house servants from Scotland. In answer, I may say that I do not think there is any part of America where, all things considered, greater inducements can be held out for investing capital or labour than in this section of the Province of Quebec. I have travelled extensively in the Province of Ontario, and in eight or ten of the United States, but have not seen in any place greater proof of thrift, and comfort, than in our own Townships. The scenery may be favourably compared with the most beautiful and grand of the whole world. The water power can scarcely be surpassed in any country. The soil is good for most kinds of grain and root crops, and the most hardy kinds of fruit, such as apples, plums, cherries, and all the smaller berries. I am fully of tlie opinion that capital and labour would be well rewarded in these parts of the Province, where dilligence and piudence are practiced. *. No one need be long Avithout the benefit of education or religion. I hope, Sir, you will be abundantly successful in your mission. A ll Yours truly, A. GILLIES. I 15 'Hf TO EMIGRANTS 9 Emigrants are unfortunately labouring under very false impressions before and on their arrival in Canada. They imagine that Lower Canada is not worth inhabiting, and that they must necessarily go further to find employment and the means of acquiring an honest livelilioocl. Such is not the case, however. Lower Canada possesses as many, if not many more advantages than Upper Canada. Let the Emigrant pause for a moment and reflect before proceeding further, and he will probably see and judge better. It is in Lower Canada that the largest City of the whole Dominion is to be found. Montreal is the commercial emporium of Canada. Its population now exceeds 100,000 inhabitants, which is nearly double that of any other City in the Dominion. It is situate at the head of the sea navigation, and at the foot of the river, lake and canal navigation. Thus Montreal, by its position and population, affords advantages of such a striking nature over and above all the other cities and towns of the Dominion, that the Emigrant cannot fail, upon reflection, to perceive that he can have more chances there than anywhere else. This large City is, moreover, surrounded with the finest country where agriculture is very prosperous and remunerative. To give Emigrants an idea of the advantages they may have by directing their steps to the "Province of Quebec " immediately, let them read the list of wants and farms for sale now registered in the books at the officee of the Subscriber. Labourers 400, Farm hands 650, Female Servants 1,400, Carpenters 600, Blacksmiths 170, Engineers and Iron-workers 80, Painters 170, Cabinet- makers and Upholsterers 140, Copper-workers 360, Gardeners 150, Tin- smiths 280, Grooms 200, Shoemakers 700, Tailors 400, Boys 600, Girls 400, Wheelwrights 90, Horse-shoers 275, Harness-makers 140, Locksmiths 60. ORDINARY W^AGES. Farm Servants, per month, with board and lodging,... 49/ to 74/ Female Servants, n » n ...20/6 » 41/ Boys, If n I, ...12/6 ./ 33/ Girls, » w »/ ... 8/3 /' 20/6 Mechanics, per day, 6/2 n 10/6 Labourers, » from 5/2 upwards. J i^. IG ^ - Si " S3 &.■ 3 2' en ^: 3 2 .^ 3 5 r^ G" CO *"*^ 0^ d d d d d ^ -g ^ SSm CD CO I "t-l ^ n CO 1^ ci « M P 3 C « WfN'M r^" o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ■ ft*'' ''« ' *T rr'OOOOOOO lOiO'OOOO'OOOO'OOOO loooooo I '. ', tHtHi— I t-HtHt-Ii— Ii-HtH iHr-ti— liH iM iM fM "O J O 1.-5 --MOO|ri;C''TiOi-ir-(r~(MOoco .0'0ov2 0i-i • '' ' »■' ' ' ' S o 1--; o o O O O O r-l o o 0) <1 r-t o t— ( H p o o H O O O l^ cc iri c c:3 O O O O CO l>. O I- -^ lO O Ci ?0 »H i— i o O O lO o O C (TJ c;5 u : 5 i ? I %mim<>h^' I. O F^3 O ff o o o o ftfifi > m o cj 03 ,1^ ^-^^'O -^ . . . . C +-> 1, t^ c Mfi^h-lOO I>00a3a3(/2;>0 4; l» (h CIS H-1 oa ■V u f I o (-5 M c o 3 o • • • • "y^ •• •••••■•••••••••••••••« _ • •••Ms* ••••••••••••■••••••••• , S 3 Ph +- o 3 «6 -t-> 3 NOTICE TO EMIGRANTS I r.i»M SCOTLAIBto CAIABA. The Steamers of tlie ALLAN LINE -;.iil r<^:ula:']y throughout the Season I'.L 1 WFKN f GLASGOW AND QUEBEC Every TUESDAY from April till November, PASSAaS IdOlTBY. CABIM-TO QUEBEC, £13 13s. TO PORTLAND, BOSTON, or NEW YORK, £14 14s. JNTETIMEDIATE — TO QUEBEC, PORTLAND, > BOSTON, or NEW YORK, . . . ^ £9 9s, STEERAGE— TO aUEBEC P^FTLANl), BOSTON, or MEW YORK, as low as any other First Class Line. to proci I'd f(i Canadn, ius thy art.; luiido'^ontror^ Avi^liiiig to protuiHl lo tlic Wostorn Stato? and Terrii". ''-s \ i ilu; I'nion. and t'» Calit'orfiia, can bpli('a« tiojj to JAMES & ALEXANDER ALLAN. 70 Great Clyde Street, Glasgow. M'CDRQUOOALi: S< C<> GLASGOW It U IMLSTEIIMSHIPS UOOALC & C? GLASSOW & LONDON DISTANCtS Boston. Z7JZ .. I . VmFork I'SPfi .. CIRCASSIAN. POLYNEISIAN. 3ARMATIAN. SCANDINAVIAN PRUSSIAN. AUSTRIAN. NE5T0KIA •. PERUVIAN MORAVIAN HIBCRNIAN NOVA SCQTIAN. NORTH AMERICAN. CASPIAN. 6ERMANY. MANITOBAN. SAINT DAVID. SA'.NT ANDREW SAINT PATRICK. I CORINTHIAN. I SWEDEN. NORWAY. ^^ Agencies c LAS o w, -I ^iJ Allan LIVERPOOL. AlUuiBro'^ Jk C^*' MONTREAL. If &J JIl(UV \ QUEBEC, AUanx Roe &C" ji Lo N D N , . Honi/fummf J^ Cnrn/tomA