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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 amdamparative^ DisMitees froniLHIi SiPlilii-Jofhe lliii HJIiKxifS* OaKL£Y * TOM/VOM L1THA6 Watsh St. Bostom. N /^ -v ^ MlBOYGAN i m ^ PETER BELL LOCATION. ffnnoieA iL^ .f .^ HAMILTON I / ^y ,t«- ..^^i^ gOl IV \ < o N SYLVAN 1 A f r laSKBut- ^i r 1 PETEE BELL IRON COMPANY, LAKE SUPERIOR, ALGOMAII COUNTY, CANADA WEST, BOSTON: S. CHISM, -FRANKLIN PRINTING HOUSE. No. 112 CONOEE38 STEBBT. 1865. mmjmmmumimmm nutM w ,1 1/ II o P T ^ E c ':r u s OK THE PETER BELL IRON COMPANY, LAKE SUrERIOR, NOR'ilt SIIOUE, AUiOMAJr COrXTY, CANADA AVEST. \ It is Avt'll-known that the Iron of I«ik(* Superior, tlioui,'h but recently discovered, is now admitted to be the best in the M'orld. This is shown by the following analysis by I'rof. Johnson, giving the strength per square inch in pounds : Salisbury, Conn, iron 58,000 Swedish (best) 58,1:54 Englisli Cable 5!M(t5 Centre County, Pa r)!),400 . Essex County, New York r)!),()(12 Lancaster County, Pa 76,000 Common English and American ;}0,000 Lake Superior bUJ)^2 The knowledge of its superior quality has stimulated iron masters in all parts of the country to procure it for mixture with inferior ores. The first iron introduced to notice from this region, was from the vicinity of Marquette, on the south shore of the lake. Though the ore was first discovered in 1840, it was not brought into public notice until the comple- tion of the ship canal around the falls of Ste. Marie's river in 1855, during which year fourteen hundred tons of ore were 4 PETER UEIiL IRON COMPANY. sent to market. Tlie supply has increased rapidly since, until, in the year 1864, it amounted to two hundred and thirty-five thousand tons, which was far short of the demand. The introduction of the ^larquette ore to the market involved the necessity of expending several millions of dollars in the construction of a railroad and harbor improvements ; yet the abundance and superior quality of this ore, place these mines among the most remunerative in this country. Through th(; kindness of A. G. Clark, Esq., wo arc per- mitted to publish the following letter of S. P. Ely, Esq., a gentleman of character and high position, who has long been identified with the Marquette iron interest : OrircK Lakk Sui-kkiou Iron Comi-axy, > MAUciUKTTE, Lakk Sitkriou, Mich.,) January 17th, 18(55. A. G. Clark, Esq., Dear Sir: — I give you herewith a few facts rehitive to tlie Iron Ore trade of IMarquette County, and some particuhirs respecting the com- panies engaged in it. This trade commenced in 1858, although a few hundred tons were shipped, experimentally, in 185(.!. Since tliat time it has been steadily increasing in importance, until at the present time Lake Superior ore is the staple consumption of all the furnaces situated on the great bitu- minous coal-fields in Eastern Ohio and ^Vestern Pennsylvania, and of various furnaces built expressly for its use at various points on the lower lakes. Tiie steaily growth of the trade appears from the increase of ore shipments from this place year by year. For the last three years the shipments are as follows : In 1802 115,721 tons. " ]8G;J 185,257 " » 1801 2:55,123 " The shipments of the past year would have been 25,000 to 50,000 tons greater had the supply been equal to the demand ; so largely was the demand in excess of the supply, that the price of ore delivered to vessels here advanced from >j}o 00 a ton, at the opening of navigation, to 88 50 at the close. The principiil portion of the business in ore has been done heretofore by the " Jackson," the " Cleveland," and the " Lake Superior " Com- ! PETER BEI-L IRON COMPANY. paniea, which have reached a high degree of prosperity in the business. The Jackson Company is organized under a special charter (given before the passage of the General Mining Law of :Michigan), Avith 3,000 shares of !?100 00 each. It is understood to have paid to its pro- prietors !?125 00 a share in dividends within the past four years. Th'i market value of its shares is from !?000 00 to ^700 00. Tiie Cleveland and Lake Superior Companies are organized under the CJcneral jNIining Law of Michigan, with a capital of 20,000 shares each, on which !$15 00 a share has been paid in by the proprietors of the Cleveland Company, and §12 50 per share by those of the Lake Superior Company. The Cleveland Comi)any have divided, within the past three years, §17 00 a share among their stockholders, and the Lake Superior Company $7 50 ; the latter Company has a surplus applicable to dividends of §12 00 a share. The stock of the Cleveland Company is held at §75 00 a share, and has sold as high as §100 00 ; and that of the Lake Superior Company at §00 00 a share. The Morgan Iron Company commenced building a furnace in April, 1803, and started it in November of the same year. Tluit company cleared §88,000 (being considerably more than the original investment, which was ^50,000) in the first eight months of its business. I see no reason why the manufacture of charcoal iron in this county should not continue to be profitable for years to come. I am, yours truly, S. P. ELY. EXPLANATION OF LETTER. S. P. ELY, Esq. .Jackson Iron Co.. Cleveland Iron Co, Lake Superior Co, •Slinres. 3,000 •,>o,ooo L'0,000 I'ur. $100 00 15 00 12 50 Ciipitnl. Chnr- tiMi'd. S.-iOO.OOO , 1800 I 300,000 : 18()1 250,000 I 1861 DiviilcmU. $375,000 340,000 300,000 rri'sont \'alue. igOOO 00 75 00 no 00 Tiitnl Viiliio tShilrcrt. $1,800,000 1,500,000 1,200,000 We also append the following statement, compiled at ]\Iar- quett') : Statement of the Business of the Iron Mines now in oiicratiun, for one week luxvious to SeiHemher 8, 1864. Lakp: Supeuiou Iuox Comi-anv. Shipped 3,557 tons iron ore, at cost, at ISIarquette, of |2 50 per ton ; worth at INIarquette, §7 50 ; profit §5 00 per ton ; is net profit per week §17,785 Equal to 11 per cent, a month on §500,000 capital stock. 6 PETER UELI, IRON COMPANY. Jackson Iron Mining Comi-any. Shipped 2,2 18 tons, at cost, at Marquette, $2 oO per ton ; worth at Mar([uetto ^7 50 per ton ; is net profit for one week previous to September 8 !i?ll,2-40 Equal to 15 per cent on capital stock of if:5()(),()00. Cleveland Ikon Mining Company. Shipped 3,296 tons, at cost, at Marquette, $2 50 per ton ; worth at Marquette, $7 50 per ton ; giving net profit for one week previous to Septem])er 8 i510,480 Equal to 13 per cent, per month on capital stock of $500,000. Lake Angeline and Pittsijurgii Ikon Company. (Opened 18GL) Shipped 800 tons, at net profit, at Marquette, |5 00 per ton, S$4,000 Equal to 8 per cent per month on 200,000 capital. Is a private property. Morgan Blast Furnace. Net profit in 8 months $85,000 Original cost of the property, $55,000 ; equal to 18 per cent, per month. Statement, of Slnpmcvts of Iron Ore, hi tons of 2,240 lbs,, for one ur.ck, and the season previous to Sept. 8, 1864. Jackson Iron Company. Shipped this week 2,248 tons. Treviously reported for this season 44,918 tons. 47,106 tons. Cleveland Iron Company. Shipped this week 3,296 tons. Previously reported for tliis season 36,471 tons. Amount shipped to September 8 39,767 tons. Lake Superior Iron Company. Shipped this week 3,557 tons. Previously reported for this season 57,800 tons. Amount shipped this season to Sept. 8. . 61,357 tons. Pittsburgh and Lake Angeline Company. (Commenced 1864.) Shipped this week 800 tons. Previously reported for this season 7,423 tons. 8,223 tons. 3 PETER BELL IRON COMPANY. Over one hundred vessels are constantly employed in the conveyance of the ore from Marquette to the ports of Lake Erie. In the spring of 18G4 Peter Bell, an Indian of the Chip- pewa tribe, and a resident of the north shore of Lake Superior, discovered near Batchewanung Bay, in Algomah County, Canada West, forty-five miles north-west from Sault Ste. Marie's canal, and two and one quarter miles from a deep and commodious harbor, pure magnetic Iron Ore, which had been exposed to view by the uprooting of a tree. Encouraged by this, he made further explorations. The result of his dis- coveries have been made known to scientific men, wliose researches and experiments have demonstrated the fact that this ore is identical with that at ^larquette. In September, 1864, a surveying and exploring expedition, consisting in part of Col. W. W. Duffield, Civil Engineer of the Hudson Eiver Ilailroad ; Prof. Raymond, of the firm of Adelberg & Eaymond, Geologists of New York; Hugh Wilson, Esq., Government Land Sm'veyor of Canada ; A\'^il- liam Ives, Esq., of Gross Isle, Michigan, U. S. Land Surveyor ; Samuel A. Forbes, Civil Engineer of Marquette, and several experienced Cornish miners, after a protracted and thorough investigation, have demonstrated by facts given in detail in the accompanying reports, the superior quality and the inex- haustible quantity of this ore. They report that the location is very favorable for the construction of a railroad, only two and one fourth miles in length, to the place of shipment on the lake shore. Here is a commodious harbor, land-locked and protected by islands and points, affording a safe anchor- age in all weathers, in water from four to six fathoms deep. The Peter Bell location is a bold, precipitous cliff, several hundred feet high on the lake, and thence gradually sloping to the north. Enough has already been uncovered to show that the supply of pure magnetic iron ore in this locality is inexhaustible. The Raymond vein, so-called, of several feet in width, hangs as it were on the face of the bluff. Nothing 8 I'ETER BELL lEON COMPANY. could be easier than to remove the ore from this vein without shafts, galleries, or under-ground Avork of any kind, ■which can be precii)itated to the base, near the railroad. There are also several other heavier deposits on this location. I •* •■A Adelherg & Raymond, Minixg and Assay Offick, ") no Broadway, New York, March 10th, 18G5. y Jas. p. Mansfield, Esq., Boston, Mass, Dear Sir: — In reply to your inquiry concerning the magnetic Iron Ore deposits of Mount Raymond, near Batchewanung Bay, on the northern shore of Lake Superior, we have the honor to submit the following brief statement : The property was carefully examined by us last fall, in company with a large and well-appointed corps of engineers and explorers. Our investigations resulted in the discovery of an iron range, which wo traced the whole length of this mountain, opening the veins at many points. Passing over all questions of geological formation, general top- ographical characteristics, etc., we briefly mention those features of the locality directly connected with its value for mining. We found the iron ore in two distinct veins, called after their dis- coverers, the " Raymond " and " Peter Bell." At the western end of Mt. Raymond, both on the top of the mountain and in its southern bluff, we found extensive outcrops of iron. The Raymond vein hangs, as it were, on the face of the bluff ; and part of the vein has already be?n precipitated into the valley by falling masses of rocks. Nothing could be easier than to take out iron ore from this vein without shafts, galleries, or under- ground work of any kind. • Several feet of it were visible at the point where it was discovered, and we were able to trace it under the bowlders for a hundred feet and more, sufhcient to determine its independent and regular character. It has, with the Peter Bell vein, the general course N. 03° W., but is apparently quite disconnected from the even heavier deposits of the latter. The Peter Bell lode crops out along the top of the mountain. It runs through to the western end, and can be distinctly seen there in the bluff, besides being traceable for some distance farther in the valley. To the eastward of the outcrop first discovered, it was followed for half a mile and then lost in the soil. This vein could also be opened with advantage from the bluff, and, in that case, would yield immense quantities of ore without shafting. It is difficult to say, positively, how wide it is : but the outcrop uncovered by us (which did not appear at all scattered) indicated at least thirty feet. We have no doubt that ni ■> •■VK o,;%.)'^ '■' 1^. ^- *■ t. . ■■.».\\\ • / i-* i. (■-■ h s h. ffP; ••♦- ..Jv'.'Si.' •Iv*^ .un.:t" ^"V. "^W'./.;'^'^' Lv .. .jr> ^•N ■'■.■'■i\ ■-^"•.1' 'i»i h A \' ■'■ "*>.'• \>A -.'i- ■t::^'\.:.^ v%^, v<;.'. other lodes cover. The We took frc as the fjrami As to cliemi This loca Batcliewanu is not over leiice of the to the locati in all favora With this mond, as a ji to remain, Very ,> T >■ \^. i. ■^- i 1 . •-■' k I \ i'\ -^.>'>««'-' .^r..^* PETER BELL IKON COMPANY. other lodes exist in this mountain, wliioh future exniorfttions will dis- '.\*;. I cover. The clmnictor of the ore is the same as that of the Marquette. We took from the Peter Bt'U specimens of pure red hematite, as well as the (granular magnetic ore whicii constitutes the mass of the outcrop. As to chemical character, we refer to the report of Dr. S, P. Dutlicld. This location is the nearest in tlu; whole range to the harbor of Batchewanung Bay. The distance, liy the line of railroad to he built, is not over two and a half miles. This fact, together with the excel- lence of the harbor, and its neighborhood to the Sault Stc. Marie, gives to the location a decided advantage over the Marcjuette mines, which in all favorable points it so closely resembles. With this short description of the essential features of Mount llcay- mond, as a ground for the successful mining of iron, wo have the honor to remain. Very respectfully, your obedient servants, ADELBERG & RAYMOND, Mining Enf/iiicers. 1< i I 11 K V O I i 1 1 '^r OF riiOF. SAMUEL P. DUFFIELT), ON HIS KIUST VISIT TO TIIK NF.WI.V DISCOVKllKI) IRON MOUNTAIN AT BATCIIEWANIJN(J BAY. I.v accordance with instructions received from J. P. Mansfield, Esc]., I started witli him upon tiie Prf>peller Lac La IJelle to the iron moun- tain which is the special subject of this report. We arrived at the Sault, and were detained a day waitinji; for Mr. Wilson, the Ciovern- nient Aj^ent, to ;^et the small ])oat ready which was to convey us to our destination. Friday evening we set out and encamped at a jioint called Point aux Pines. Early next morning, resuming our journey, we arrived at Hatchewanung river just as the sun was setting on Satur- day evening. Three days were spent in exploring the mountain. This wonderful mass towers up to the height of six hundred feet above the level of the lake. I commenced my operiitions immediately on arriving at its base. The distance is about four miles. The mountain was laid bare in several places, and the lodes, with their aggregated veins, exam- ined as well as we could without putting in a blast, which, owing to a deficiency in Air. ^laitland's drills, we could not do. The veins are of magneti'.' iron, interchanging with veins of red por- phyry or jasper : the dip of the vein was eigiity-five degrees to the south, and the courses of the mass of veins ran a little north of east. Occasionally a vein of qua'-tz was found intersecting the iron and por- phyretic veins at right angles : at every point we found the quartz cutting the iron veins, it was always at this angle. The first lode contained iron and porphyry. The second lode was a quartz ore rock. The third lode was iron and porphyry, and fourth lode was quartz ore rock. So the lodes interchanged regularly. Thus rose this mountain lode of iron, seamed with porphyry, piled upon a similar lode until the altitude of six hundred feet above the level of the lake was reached. PETKR MKI, r, IKON COM 1' ANY. II Tlic real chnrnctor of tlio moiintiiin rouM not lie well defined until wc had tniien oft' tlic Hoil on tlie Hiirfiice. Tliese iron veins ran toward the eiist, that in, oast by oast-nortli-east, or ten (U';,'ree« north of east, on the compass. From not bein;; id)li' to ])Mt in a blast,* I was nn- able to iH't (h)wn upon tiie ricli mass of iron, wiiicli, as far as iiuman faliiliility allows nic to form any ftbsolute concluRion«, 1 was almost certain would be found underneath. At first I was miieh astonished at the prcsenec of these jasper veins, and was fearful that my eonelusion of the worth of the mine nu;,dit be false. Mr. Wilson, the (Jovern- inent Agent, at my request, traeed the iron vein to the river, and gave me its course. Upon layinj,' it out upon the map, I found it cut flic .lackson mine, and ran in the same line as that famous vein. At my rerpiest he also traced the couvse of the vein to the lake, my feeble state of health not allowing me to risk so arduous a task. This also (U)nfirme(l my view that it was part of the Manpiette vein. I therefore; .suggested to Mr. Mansfield the propriety of my ^'oing to Maripiette, and looking uj) the vein at the Jackson mine, to cump.nre their cap rocks, and sec whetiier their identification would substantiate my views, or contradict them. Tlic i)reseiiec in the specimens ])efore me of por- l)hyry had depressed me, as 1 did not recollect of having .seen anything of the kind at the Jackson mine. Hence I desired to go and visit the Jackson and Sujierior mines, and see if their surface rocks were the sar. ', and the l)earing of their vein was the same with those out-crop- ping at natchewanuiig mountain. With this rejiort you will find sam- ples from both locations. Those marked J are from .lackson, and those marked H are from Batcliewanung location. You will see that it reijuires no knowledge of mineralogy to call these two of the same formation. At the .lackson mine I found the same features that we have cropping out at the location which thi.-. Company desires to pur- chase. There is a little difference I will call your attention to. While the geological structure is the same with both s[iecimens, the iron of your location is magnetic ; the other is not. I have powders of both for your examination. One deflects the compass needle ; the other does not. So much for the mountain. \V'e go now to the location and IIAR150U. At the base of the mountain, and curving gracefully around it, is a small stream of delicious water, which at certain sea.sons is ipiite swollen, and carries a large body of water down to the river and lake. The *0n Prof. Dufnold's seooncl visit, witli a large corps of scientific gentlemen and Cornisli miners, several lilni-ts were put in, and showed satisfactorily that his judgment was correct, which la verlHed by those who were with him, in the reports. IS I'F.TKU ni:i,I, I HON COMI'ANY. j^nuliiiilly Hlopinjj Hiflos of tliis Rtrcnm would inako ft fine point to run tl»> railroad track from tlio dock to tlio mini'. Tlit' dock should ho cwtftldiHlu'd at tin; point. This point lias Itt'cu fornio current in the l>ay setting out and meotin^j the current of tho larger Hatchowanunj? river, ami th« (iurrent of tiu- lake unih-r a storm setting? in. We meiisured the depth of the water, and fifty feet from th(> shore it had a (U'|)th of twenty teet, increasing aa we went out toward what is now called Hatchewauuug inland. The harbor is a remarkably fine one, well protected from tho storms by the island and points. It looks to the south. The greater Hatch- owanung river ia not very deep. It would float a schooner for about a mile from its mouth; but owing to cros« currents there is (piitc a shal- low place at the mouth, which would prevent the entrance of a larger vessel than ono drawing two or three feet getting into it. TIMBKIl. On tho mountain wo found plenty of timber, the main portion being white cedar, mai)le, birch, etc. The above report is respectfully submitted. SAMUKL r. DUFFIELD, Consulting Chemist and Mineralogist. Detroit, Juli/ 25th, 1864. ANALYSTS OF ORE, KHOM BATCIIKW'ANUNG JJAY, BY rUOF. S. p. DUFKIKLD. DtTKKiKi,D'M Laiioratoiiy, Oct. 10th, 1801. Gextlkmkn : Tn accordancn with instructions received from J. P. Mansfield, Kscj., I have assayed several samples of tht; ore brought down by the last exploring i)arty, with the following result : No. 1 was the poorest slate ore. It yielded in per centagc : Iron, metallic, ;{t!.00 Rock and oxygon, (i l.(K) loo.oo Flux used in crucible, 50 parts ore, 50 parts carbonate lime, 10 parts bottle glass. No. 2 was a medium quality of slate ore. It afforded in 100 parts Iron, metallic, 40.00 Rock and oxygen, .'Jl.OO 100.00 Flux used was 50 grammes ore, 20 grammes carbonate lime, 10 grammes bottle glass. No. 3 best slate ore, selected : Iron, 52.00 Rock and oxygen, 48.00 100.00 Flux used, 50 grammes ore, 40 grammes carbonate lime, 10 grammes bottle glass. 14 PETER HELL IROX COMPANY. Tliia will be superior iron for steel or wire making. It is finer in its grain than the massive magnetite. No. 1 magnetite (massive variety) with jasper veins, yield: Iron, metallic;, jKJ.OO liock and oxygen, 4 l.OO 100.00 Flux used, 30 grammes ore, 50 grammes carbonate lime, 10 grammes bottle glass. No. r> was the best piece of true massive magnetite, selected from the mass without dressing, yield : Iron, metallic, 00.00 Rock and oxygen, 40.00 100.00 No. 6 Analysis. The iron vein was separated from the rock as much as possible ; was assayed with tlie following result : Iron, 70.00 Oxygon rock, etc., W.UO Total, 100.00 This gives a good, gray, malleable iron, or what is commonly known as >.'o. 1 pig. Flux used, .")0 grammes ore, .10 grammes carbonate lime, 10 grammes bottle glass. This is the quantity of the ore. As regards the quality of the ore, the slate ore yields the finest iron, although not such a large per cent- age. The " massive magnetite " yields a first rate No. 1 gray pig and 60 per cent of iron, and can be ranked with any ore yet discovered on Lake Superior. I append to tiiis report an extract from Percy's Met- alurgy. published in England, in order that you may gain a clear idea of the value of this kind of ore (magnetic iron ore). It is (pioted from Sir William Logan's pamphlet on the descriptive catalogue of the min- erals sent to the Interiuitional Exhibition, in London, 1802. Pamphlet was published at Montreal. " Tlie mine commonly called ' The big iron bed of Marmora," Bel- " niont, aj)j)ears to consist of a succession of beds, one measuring one " hundred feet thick. The total breadth of the mass is five hundred " and twenty-eight feet. It belongs to the Laurentian series, lies " between beds of gneiss and crystalline limestone and talcose slate, " associated with diallage rock, serpentine and epidote. This ore con- in its imes rom I PETER BELL inOX COMPANY. 15 tarns from 60 per cent, to 70 per cent, of iron. Iron of superior qual- ity was manufactured, but the distance from a shipping port proved a serious obstacle to the continuance of the blast furnace. At Madoc • IS a fourth bed twenty-five feet thick. This ore contains 70 per cent iron, and is very free from sulphur. It is strongly polar." In the above description, you iiave a perfect pi(;ture of the iron it was my fortun:^ to explore for your company. While that iron now only yields GO per cent., we must remember that we are but three feet below the surface, and can reasonably expect that it will fully reach 70 per cent, when you go deeper. I will be able to furnish you a quantity from the blast furnace soon. Yours very respectfully, vas vn es SAMUEL P. DUFFIELD, Consulting and Mineralojical Chemist. Detroit, Oct. lOth. 1864. R E P O Pv T OF SAMUEL A. FOEBES, civil. ENGIXEEU, MAUQUETTE, About the 20th of September, 1861, Peter White, Esq., Casl)ier First National Bank, Marquette, Michigan, informed me that Mr. J. P. Mansfiekl, of Detroit, had written re(iiiosting him to procure the services of some one acquainted with iron mines, to join liim and party at the Sault Ste. Claris without dehay. I accordingly made some hasty arrangements and took my departure from ^larquette for the Sault Ste. Marie, meeting Mr. Mansfiehl and party there, from whence we proceeded to the newly discovered iron range, on Batchewanung Bay, in Canada West. The party numbered twenty-four persons in all, and embraced every variety of talent neces- sary to perform the work for which it was organized — namely, a thorough exploration of the iron range with reference to its exact geo- graphical position, its geological features, the quantity and quality of the ore, its eligibility and prospective value for mining operations. Nearly three weeks were occupied in examining the range, establish- ing boundary lines, and determining a route for a railroad from Batche- wanung Bay to the iron ledge called the Peter Bell location. This location is on the soutii side of Mount Raymond, not exceeding two and one half miles from the point selected for the docks on Batchewanung Bay. From this iron deposit to the bay a practicable line may be located for a railroad, which can be built with a constantly descending grade, whose maximum will not exceed seventy-five (75) feet per mile, whicli is not objectionable, as the traffic of the line will be wholly in one direction. In speaking of this bay, Col. W. W. Dnffield says, " There is no har- bor of greater capacity, with easier access or better holding-ground, upon the entire chain of our north-western lakes." From soundings in the harbor, I found that fifteen (15) feet of water can be obtained within three hundred QWO) feet of the shore. The evidence as to the quantity of ore is plain and satisfactory. The PETER IJELL IRON COMPANY. 17 ore bed was exposed