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32X

Prin

LETTE R

T O A

NobWLord,

Concerning the Late

EXPEDITION

r O

CANADA

' LQ NT) N,

Printed for e/4- "Baldwin^ near the Oxford-
t/lrms in Warwick-Lane. 171 2*

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My Lord,

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OUR Lord ftiip demands of me Sa-
tisfaftiori in three Points, referring
to the late unfortunate Expedition
to Canada,

^tf

I. Of what Importance the Conqueft of
that Country would have been to the
Crown, and whether it would have
anfwer'd the Expence of the great Ar-
mament that was made againft it.
^ II. Whether the Expedition was well con-
certed? And,
Laftfyy If the ill Succefs of it ought wholly
to be charged on New-England^ as Peo-
ple here are made to believe.

The firfl: of thefe Queftions, as to the Impr-*
tame of the Conquefiy has been difcufs'd in a
Pamphlet publifliM within thefe few Days,
but fo imperfectly, that I have room left to
give your Lordfhip the following Account.

Canada then is a poor Country, and in ft
felf little valuable : Its Situation between for-
fy feven and fifty Degree? of North Latitude,

A J^ and

and its being fubjeO: to Winds that blow from
vaft Lakes above a tlioufand Leagues wefter-
ly make it extremely cold and barren. The
Ice locks up the Rivers, anjdthje^ftowcbvers
the Ground more than lialf the Year, in
•which time confequently very little Bufiners
or Commerce can go on. Yet this Severity
of the Clime ^ould rendei' it more fprviceable
to Gr^(it *'hritmn^ tlmn if it were under a teiti-
'perate Meridian. For where the Gold is fo
extreme, and the' Snow lies fo lohg on tlie
Ground Sheep will hardly live, but never
thrive fo as to majie the Woollen Manu-
faftures praaicablq, which is the only thing
|:hat can make. ^ I?lantation unprofitable to the
Crown. And as C^»^^^^ (had it been re-
duced) iTluft have been furnifhM from hence
yfi'ith Manufaftures for its own Inhabitants,
fo ft would have been a convenient Mart to
yend 'erri tothp numerous and populous Indi-
."//? Nations rOund about 'ejn; whith whom
the VcoiplQ of Canada riow maintain a great
TrafEck, and in Exchange for their European
Conimodities, receive the Skins of Beavers,
Elks, Otters, Deer, Bears, Foxes, wild Cats,
and other Creatures, with which the Woods
pf North (iAmeric(f abound.

This Trade therefore \^ould without
dout)t have made great Returns of Profit to
the Nation, had the Expedition profper'd ;
and yet I muft tell you this was not the only,
nor the main thing ihat piovM Her Majefty

. " f ■' ■, ^ to

from
efter-
The
:6vers
ir, in
ufine^s
jverity
iceable
a teiti-
d is fo
on the
: never
Manu-
y thing
ie to the
leen re-
1 hence
bitants,
Vlart to

whom
a great
European
layers,
|ld Cats,

Woods

ithout
[rofit to
)fperM ;
fie only,

[ajefty
to

, ( 5 )

to enter upon It. Her Majefties principal
View (as Ihewas pleas'd to declare in Her
Royal Inftruftions to the feveral Governours
of the Continent) was to make Her good
Subjefts in that Part of the World eafy and
happy, which they can never be whilft the
French 2iYQ'M2i&tvs of Canada. ^

^ The Situation of that Country gives the
People an Opportunity to invade all the Sri-
tijh Colonies when-ever they pleafe. The Ri-
ver of St. Lawrence lies right oppofite to Neixh
Foundland^ and the Freach Settlement is at
the Head of it, from whence it ftretches along
wefterlyon the BsLck-Gde of New-Hamffiire^
the M(^achufets^ Rhode-Iflandj ConneaicuP^
New-Torky eAlbany^ the Jerfeys, Tenfilvaniay
Maryland^ and Firpnia. And as the French
are on the back of us, fo the Indians are be-
hind them, who with their united Force of-
ten fall on the Englijh, and may be able in
time (if not extirpated) to drive 'em into the
Sea.

The Ravages which they have continually
committed on the Frontiers of New-Englandj
their firing whole Towns and Villages, their
butchering the People in cold Blood, and their
unmanly Cruelties tp the Women and Chil-
dren is too fad, and too long a Story to be
here related. I belieVe your Lordfhip never
met With any thing like it in History, unlefs
you have feen the Accotuit which "Bartholomeo
de las Cafas Biihop of Chiafa in New-S^ain^

has

(6)

iaj given the World of the Spamfi EirbarjV
tki to the poor Indians of Teru and Mexico
But tho' NetkhEngland has been the deepcfk
Sofierer, yet the other Colonies and Faftories
have been fir from efc^ping, ;
'y.YhcHwdJm*s 'Bay Company will tell you
they have had their full Share. In 1682, on^
Monficur de La Chaney with fome other
Merchants of C<f»i?^iJ equip'd feveral Ships
of Forcfc,and entcr'd the Company's Faftory at
Von NelfoUj burnt their Houfes, and Carried
away their Effefts to the Value of 25000 A
In 1684, they made a fecond Invafion, and
plundered to the Amount of 10000/. In
1686, Monfieur De Tr^^y came by Land
fix)m Canada with a confiderable Force, aiid
took thi-ee of the Company's Flftories at the
Bottom of the Bay, murder'd fdme of the
People, and inhumanely turn'd the reft to'Sea-
jjn a rotten Bark with httle ProVifK)n, fothat
moft of 'em perifli'd* This was in fiill Peace^
but a Cruelty fcarce us'd in the fierceft Wan
And this coft the Company $0000 /. In 1 694,
Monfieur 7)^ J^^^fiT/^ from Canada affaulted
Tcrk Fort, took it, and carry'd off 20000/.
And the very laft Month we had/iNews, that
the Governour oi Canada had fent a Party of
Men to attack the Faftory now there, but
were bravely repuls'd. The whole which
that Company has fuflPer'd from Canada i%
(as they have reprefented in feveral Memo-
rials to the Government) upwards of Two

Hun-

npfjiy

■t'

«pefk .
Tories

I you

!, on^
other
Ships
oty *t

arried
[oooA
, and
L In
Land

e, ^^
at the

of the
toSea-
fothat
Peace^

\ War.

a 1694,

aulted

0000/.

, that
arty of
re, but

-which

ada i%
Memo-

f Two
Hun-

(7)

Hundred Thoufand Pounds. ry-^t^^A

N€W*FmndLnd too has felt many Storm^
fVdm this Quarter. It was twice invaded
from thence and deftray'd about fixteen of
twenty Years aea And not long fmce in
the Year lyof, Mon^\tVLT Subercafs marched
from Tlacentia at the Hvtad of 600 Me^
(moft of 'em Canadians) and befiegM Pbrt?
William in NeW'¥(mnMand for five Weeks ;•
but Captain Moody wha coihttJanded the
Fort, did With 4 < -Men mklbVb^ave De-
fence^ and oblige him to retire •;< but tl^e Fort
from its bad Situation b^iig no Way able ea

EroteO: the fown^-of Sn jjw/i?s^ the Bn<toijA
urnt it ais they went off, and the Dam^^
which the Country then^ fuffiirM' was z^m^
ppted to be upwards of Eighty Thc^dfi^S'
Tounds Sterling. About the fewfer* end or the*
li^t Year 1 765, when Mttjerf Lkyd' coMni
mended the Fort, Canada made a- fecond At-^^
tempt with Succefs ; they toefe both the ¥^t^
and Caftle, which with the To*wn they foid^
in Afhes, and carry'd away theGarrifon'Pt^^i.
f6ners (or rather Slaves) to Qnehech The
Lofs which JVl?w-Fo«W/^^ ftiftain^d -by this
fecond Misfortune was computed to be a*
bove a hundred and fifty thoufand Tbunds
Sterlings not reckoning the Fort and Caftle^
which were demolifti'd, nor 48 Pieces oPCa-
nonj and great Quantities of Ammuititioff,
and Stores of War of all forts, which the E*-
nemycarry'd off. Nor did thft Booty cobr

U '' * •■ '■ ^

tent

tent 'em, but they laid the Inhabitants under
Contribution, obliging 'em to pay twenty
thoufand PoUxids for Leave to flay there : One
Harbour paid 7000/: in Bills of Exchange
the laft Yean So that I may venture to lay
the Money and EfFefts which the French
haLVth^idfromNeW'Foundland have amount-
ed .to more thian the Expence which the King
QiFranfe is at to maintain his Garrifons in
TlaceHtia 2ijxd Canada. , >

nJfyour Locdfhip fhould enquire how it
comes to pafe, that a handful of People (com-
p3iratively) ihouldjiftve the Forts of iVh«;..
Fimndmdi ^nAffudfm^s Bay thus at their
Mercy, and befable befides toalapm and di-
jB^f^fe fo many CoUoniesonthe Continent; I
anfwer^ 'Tis by Affiftance of the Indian Na-
tions, who are blindly bigotted to their Su-
pejrftitiQns, and therefore entirely devoted to
their Intereil; which the French A^iXy flreng-
then partly by marrying among 'em^ and 10.
accufloming . themfelves to their wild Man-
ner of Life; but principally by having their
Miffionaries ever w^th 'em, who teach 'em
among other things that the Virgin Mary
was a Fremh^XjaAyy and that her Son the
Saviour of the World was crucify'd by the;
Englijhy and therefore to deflroy 'em is highly
meritorious : Add then a Zeal for afalfe and
bloody Religion to the natural Fiercenefs of
the Savages, and what Wickednefs is fo hig
which th«y won't grafp, or yioIei;ice fo great

-which

one

they

fore

the

For

but!

ply'

andf
what
on he
War.
Vew
venh
mufl

worti

ne& t

Robbe.

been t

earner

forryj

thebe

by fa)

and t^

md Jo

fomeboi

Thefe

that tl

ceedpj

chiefly

inder
/enty
: One
lange
o lay

lount-

King
)ns in

Qyff it
(com-
New<
their,
nd di-
lent; I
m Na-r
sir Su-
ted to

(9;

\^hich they -w^on't commit? And they have
one infiiperable Advantage of their fide as
they live in a vaft Wildernefs, andarethere-
fore tbemfelvej inacceflible, but can fall upon
the En^ifli Towns whenever they pleafe*
For which rcafon there's no difarming them
but by extirpating the Trench^ who both fup-
ply 'em witn Arms and Ammunition, and
pav'em for all the Mifchief they do. I'^^i

Thus> My Lord, You fee what.a reftlefs
and fatal jEnemy Canada is to North ^/tneritOy
what Murders and Depredations ihe commits
on her quiet Neighbours as well in Peace as irt
War. Wehob'd the time was now come when
'We wer6 to nave made Reprifals ; but Hea-^
ven has thought fit to difappoint us, and we
muft be reiign'd. H6Wever I'm fure it was
worthy of Her Maj^y's Juftice and Good*
nefe to do Her part to difperfe this "Band of
Robbersy and to reduce a Place which has
beeii the Source of lb niany Evils to Her good
e4nterican Subjeds. For my part I'ni both
forry and afham'd to hear fome People lelTen
the Defign, nay treat it With open Contempt
by faying it was of no moment in the World ;
and that feeing fo many Meft have been lofty
and fo much Money ffent about it y they hofe
fomebody wiU be made to fay the Reckoning*
Thefe Gentlemen muft excufc me, if I fay
that thefe rafh and intemperate Words pro-
ceed partly from their Ignorance, but perhaps
chiefly from a fettled Refolution not to like

B any

(ie>)

knythin^ the prefent Miniftfy does.' 'Wie'
they f night know (if they pdeisM) 'Hiat the
Late Miniftry came as heartily iiftto it as HhU"^-
and that in their AdminiftratiOn^ fleet under
Vice Admii*al "Baker with Troops on board
conunanded by My Lord Shannon boiind on
tliis Enterprize lay {bitfe Montlis at ^ottp
fnofitbj and had proceeded on it. if the Wind
had favour'd before the Seafon Was too far,
advanced. But as then the Tories reproachM
it for beuig the Projeftion of that SMihijftry;-
ib the otiier fide for a contrary Reafoii- do un-
advifedly exclaim againft it noW. ^ -> f

JP> In fum then to the firfl? Qt^ftioh.; Of
what Importance would the Conque/ii$fG2tn2L(ii[
he to the Crown f I demand of Your Ijordniipj
Would the annexing a large Country «^xtfena-j
ing above a thoufand Leagues towards th^
MiJJaJip^j^iy and tlie Confequence of this, naille-*
ly a vafl: Fur-Trade, and an Exportation of
Our Woollen Manufeftui-es, and other Eur(H
fean Commodities for the Supply of al) that
Territory and the adjacent Indians^ would
this be of any Importance ? Or would the Se-
curity of the Faftories of Hudfon^s^Bay^ ancf
Eleven floui^ifhing Britifti Colonies on the
Continent, be of any moment? Or Laftly,
Is Newfoundland and the Fifhery worth keep-
iag, wliieh gains out of the Sea fiich immenfe
Rieliesi, is io great a Nurfery for Sailors, em-
ploys fonoany Ships,, and makes large Returns
ijome b'y;6^^«, Portugal j and the Straits ij>
V '! "I Pieces

Piec

is tt

fiir^]

ofC

prefi

thefi

that

flbw

cern,

fwcr

to be

. Tl

feftic

concet

Itwa

were

enouj

fure.

daily

may J

cond

necef

Rem<

as the

as th(

were

Artill

Quan

Arm}

the \

Then

hat the
as thii;
t under
n board
lind on
t "Poirtf
LeWind?
too far,
>roachM

tdoun-

ioh' ; Of
Cafiadlf
iordlhipf
>^xttoa-*
ards th^
5, naftle-i
:ation of
er Eur(H
al) that
i would
i the Se-
ia^y ancf
on the
Laftly,
th keep-
mmenfe
)rs, em-
Returns
"aits in;
Pieces^

( n J . '

Pieces of -Eight and Bills of Exchange ; I fay-
is this Fiftiery (which the Prefent Lord Trear
fiir^r inoneof his laft Speeches in the Hoiife
of Commons call'd the Silver-Mine) worth
preftrving? Why then ixuly if any one of
thefe Articled be of Vaiue, it cannot be deriy'd
that the Expedition was well grounded. But
Bbw {(each of thefe Points be of high Con-
cern, and the Reduftion of C^^^^^ would an-
fwer and fecure 'em all, then it muft be own'cl
to be a truly Great and Noble Defign.

The next thing Your Lordfhip defires Satif^
faftion in, is Whether the Escf edit ion was well
concerted^ To which I doubt not to anfwer,
It was. The Troops employed in this Service
were good, and for Number more tliaa
enough, which was certainly a right mea-
fure. For it's good to be always fure, efpc-
cially in Affairs, where if we fail once we
may never have an Opportunity to make a fe-
cond Attempt. Befides a little Superiority is
neceffary in cafe of Accidents, to which no
Remedy can be apply'd 2X fo great a Diftance,
as the Scene of this Aftion was to be. And
as there was a fuperiour Land-Force, fo there
were 14 brave Men of War, -a fine Train of
Artillery, and all Stores of War in fuch a
Quantity, that fo well appointed a Fleet and
Army was never before feen in that part of
the World, and probablv never will again*
Then they were difpatch'd early, and Colo-
ael Nicholfon, feat befare to. get every thing

B z ' \cady";

11^

( I'X)

ready ; for altho' (as I fhall albcrwards ob*
ferve) they might have gone up the River of
St. Lawrence in Septemier^ yet it's good to
take Time by the Foi-etop, and to be rather
too early than too late. In the aext place^
Colonel NtchoJfonh marching by Land with a
gdod Body of Englifh and lndi(i?ts to attack
Mont Reaiy and thereby make a confiderahte
Diverfion was well laid. And all this carried
on with that Secrecy, that even the Lords of
the Almiralty who appointed the Fleet did
not know the Service for which it was
defign'd. But the wifeft Miniftry caa't pre^*
fege Events, nor provide againft all Cafual-
ties and Emergencies which often blaft the
laireft Enterprizes, and have aftually defeats
ed this, from which we expefted to reap fo
inuch Glory and Advantage. Wliich intro^i
duces the laft Article, viz*

Whether the u^ffbrtunate Mifcarrtage (fthU
Expedition is to le imputed to the QovernmenP
mdlPeofle of New-England ?

J am not ignorant. My Lord, of what is
given out, that after New^England had made
carn^ and repeated Applications to the
Throne for this Expedition, and Her Maje-».
fty had gracloufly come into it, at a time too
when She had the moft preffing Qccafions for
Her Men and Money in Flanders j Sfainy and
Tcrtugaij that yet notwithftanding the Coun^
try did every thwgin their Tower to defeat the
$uccefs of ity and that the Misfortune is to hd
- ' wholly

Is ob^
iverof
X)d to
rather
place,
Krith a
attack
lerahio
:arr]ed
ords of
set did
it was
I'tprc-*
CafuaU
taft the
defeat-
reap fo
1 intro^

xrhat IS
dmade
to the

Maje-.
me too
ions for
Wy and
: Coun-
Ifat the
is to hd

wholly

who^y aitrlhffed to the harharom Tr^atmeMt if
tbt Northern Cihmes. Nor am I unacquain-
ted with the fevere Menaces which fome Peo-
ple ufe egainft 'em on this Oocafion, which
y^ rH allow arc juft, and ou^t to be ftriaiy
executed, if this Charge or anyt part of it be
Iruet But let us conuder this Matteir fober-

',.1 have often heard it faid, Tlyat Mmmay
}ie^ Jmt Inter eft will not. And if I know any
thing of Mankind, this is a Rule that never
&Jls» Now that the R^dudion of Canada^
k ^ "the laft Confequence to Ne^nhEn^land
c^P^t be doubted from what has bqen already
faid, unlefs one can believe, that the People
^ern don't like tQ live in Peace and Security
aa NS^cll as the reft of the Worlds I am fure
it has been the Cry of the 'VJfhole Country
ever fince C^M^v^as delivered up to t)^
B^nck, Canada ^^ 4^kmia* They always
look'd upon it as i Cdrtbagi to the Nor^
thern Colonies, which if they dkl liot deftroyi
would in time deftroy theih.

Of this they were fo apprahenfive in the
Year i69q, that they came unanimoufly into
a great and expeafive Undertaking againft it
under Gohimand of Sir William Voips. But
meeting with an unaccountable Train of
Difappointments, returned without doing any
thing. This Enterj^rize coft the fingle Pro-
vince of the Maffac^ufets about fifty thoufand
Poimds, which together with tne Lofs of

Abvn-

( H)

"Abun<!ance of their young chofen Men by a
malignant Fever that reignM in the Canap^
and leveral Difafters that happen'd in their
way home, gave that Province {o deep a
Wound, that it did not recover it felt in
many Years after. ^

I However ibbut five Teal's ago, obferving
their French Neighbours to cncreafe and gvo^
more and more formidable every I^y, they
refolv'd to malce 'em another Vifit ; but not
thinking themfelves ftrong enough to deal
vfith Canada^ they were content to make
only an Attempt onTort-Royal ^ wlii6h was
accordingly done, but moft uiJiappily miP
carry^, . • • , . ■ "^ . :. . : -"x.; K^t
yet for from being diflieartenM by thefe
Misfortunes^ : when her Majefty about three
Years after fignified to that and the othc*
Governments * concerned her gracious Inten-
tions to reduce Candddy and defirM 'em t6
get ready theft- Qpota, it can't be exprefs'd
with what Chearfulnefs they came into it :
They rais'd their Men immediately, cloath'd
'em handibmely, and difciplin'd 'em for the
Service, and had laid up Magazines of Pro^
vifion both for their own and the Queen's
Troops then Ihqrtly expefted ; And tho' the
Court altering th^rMeafures did not proceed
in the Defign, yet the Colonies and particu-
larly NeW'Engiand were at near the fame
Charge as if they had. Well, the next Year
they r;iisM a Body qf Troops, again, which

com*

?r by a

I their
leep a
relf in

irving

grow-
, thejr
lit not
> deal
make
li was

-i

thefef
three;
othe*
Inten-
5m to
)refs'd'
:o It :
Mith'd
)r the
• Pro.
iieen's
o' the
oceed
rticu-
fame
: Year
?7hicli
com-

t H )

cbmfaarided by GoL NicholfoHy and joinM bj^^
500 Auxiliaries -from hence, made another
Attack on Tof^-Roy^/TLndcarry'd it, as every
body knows. Thus that poor Country ex?-
liaufted by many expcnfive and (all but one)
fruitFefs Enterprizes,' befides theOppreffionof
a^ twenty Years Firencb and Indian War that
has lain heavy upon 'erfi, yet did this Suni*
mer paft furnifh more than the Quota affign'd
^m ror this laft fatal Expedition, and ad van-*
ded at the fame time a great Sum for hei?
Majefly's Forces, which it is - not . doubted
the Juftice of the Govemijifent will, order
foon to be paid, or elfe the JPeople there are
utterly ruin'd. » 1 : * *>

( I fnall only add one thing more,' thatover
and above tbefe ex^traoitlinary Articles, i the
ftadding yearly Charge oS the Province of
the M^achufets to maintain their Carrier-
a^ihfl: the Enemy is thirtyvjthoo&nd Pounds^
Comtimmbm ^Amis\ whicn they rwbuld be
eas?d of if <?^»7^2^ weie takem m A^

. And^iiow after ail this to fuggeft, that the
Countiy was not ia ^ood earneft to promote
tb^ Expedition, but c^iirudeditall they oouldy
muft^ppear to every body as abfurd as Mk^But
they teflyou^TA^ Bofton Merchants foundtbeir
a4cc<mnt in a clandefiiheTrade with the'^Tonch^
and no wonder if they would not have theSeat^
of their Commerce broke uf. .And thus the
great Secret is out, and the true Reafbn (a^
you are to beUeve) why the Wheels mov'dr^

t' fit

\]*.
%

■1

(16 )

Ijih^tilv* Well! Suppofe this td be I^fit^
what's this to the General Affeihbly who had
riie ConduQ: of the Expedition ? Would they
{ff) you thijlk) forfeit their Honour with Iieif
Maiefty', and betray their dear native L^^
only to gratify a few fmuggling Traders ?
But th(^ beft on*t is, there's no Truth in this
AUegatidn i The ^o/lm Merchants have mord
Honour and Confcieiice and Love to their
Country V (whatever fomc People may fay
o£ 'em nere, judging them I fuppofe by thdin-*
lelves) than to engage in fo criminal a Couh
merce. Indeed fome Years ago there Were
three Merchants at ®^o», (neither of 'em
of Engli^ Extraftion nor Natives of the
Place^ and two of 'em very new Comers)
who w^re detfOred in a private Trade vtitit
feme cf the FifiencA InMaOis ; Which the Ge-
neral Affembly of the Province referttied fo
highly y Is Aot to fuflfer'em to be tryM by
titfc Afdinary Cfcurts of Juftice, but latthem-^
lelves in Judicature^ and after a full bearing
of the Delinquents, found 'em gi^ty^ ^nd
kid on 'em ftsch heavy Fines, as thev chofb
ritfaer to lid in Prifon than jjay^ liflll)y Ap-
plitration he^e tl^y got the Sentence revers'd*
But the Gtorfemfeh that accufe the Colonies
<;dme to Particulars and alledge, That wblsa
the Troops ar riv'd, there were noTrovificm get
tsgisth^ mr tiny thing in a readinefiy though
Coknel Nicholfon ^as diffatch^d hng be^e
fit that $m^e. To which I inf^r it isf

true
lying
and
but a
tie CO
cially
with
nies,
get It
confta
foils I
Queer
there
before
ver al
Cover
inwar
and a]
gent {
could
and tc
the fa
generc
felves^
Houfe
frefli ]
Stay t
Army
in left
was ti
the R
Admit

«. *.

true

ho had
Id they
'kh he#

^dcrs ?
in this
emort
tbeiif
ay fey
^thdm-»
tCotki^
J yere
of 'em
of the
ottidrs)
t -vc^ith
[le Ge*
jfedlb
^M by.
:them-
teao-ing
y^^nd
r chofe
jy Ap-
vers'd.
Dlonies

mi get
though

jr it isf

true

( 17 ;

true Col. Nicholfon was fent a\(^ay early, but
lying Wi ad-bound two Months in the Weft,
and meeting with a long Paffage, he arriv'd
but a Fortnight before the Fleet ; fo that lit-
tle could be done in fo fliort a time. Efpe-
cially if you confider that 'Bofton is fupply'd
with Provifion from the Neighbouring Colo^
nies, and fome time at leaft is required to
get it thence. To this; I may add, that the
conftant Demands of the Garrifon at oAnna^
folis Royalj and the furnifhing feveral of the
Queen's Ships that had occafionally put in
there from Europe and the Wefi-Indies a little
before had exhaufted the Country. Howe-
ver airthat could be done, was done. The
Government feiz'd all Veflels outward and
inward bound that had Provifions on board,
and appointed feveral Perfons to make dili-
gent Search for all Species of Provifions that
could be found in any part of the Country,
and to fecure 'em for the Service. Whilft at
the fame time the "Bo/iou Gentlemen came
generoufly into an Agreement among them-
felves to live on their own Salt Meat in their
Houfes, left there fhould not be fufficient
frelh Provifions for the Forces during their
Stay there. With this Care the Fleet and
Army were well provided, and ready to fail
in lefs than five Weeks. But they fay this
was too late J atid there was now no going up
the River J and fo the Expedition was lojt*
Admitting this to be true, yet 'tis plain it

C could

( i8 )

could not be belp'd. But I muft on the con-
trary with all SubmifTion aver that fiAugufl
and Seftemher are two very good Months for
the Navigation of that River. For firft, every
body does or may know that the Storefhips
from France which go there every Year; and
are very large Ships always take that time,
and I think this is one pretty good Argument.
In the next place Sir WiWiak Thifs in his Ex-
pedition did not enter the River till the 14th
of Sepemhr^ and it was the beginning of
the next Month before the Wind blew fair at
Eaft to carry him up.

Well^ hut when they were in the River j they
were obliged to cmte away for fear the tohnies
Jhould not fend Vwz a further Sufply^ in which
cafe the Fleet mufi have fi(rrv^d. I only wifh
for the Good of the Crown and the Planta-
tions, that they had made the Experiment.
Por the Event proves that thefe Fears were
groundlefs. The province Galley fail'd from
"Bofton the third of September for Canada with
Provifions, and fo did the Feverjham Man of
War with three Tranfports from New-Tork
tlie 1 8th of the fame Month ; ard (Fm told)
that a Veffel with eleven hundred Barrels of
Prize Pork was going to 'em from Newfonnd^
land at the fame time, fo that they could not
have wanted ; befides the ten Weeks Provifion
they had on board would have kept 'em there
longer than was necelTary to have reduc'd the
Place, and have brought 'em back to Eurofe
orSft/^W. • ^ The

Fleet

Men

their

defer

new

in al

coun

The

of tl

felve

were

they

fpecii

xrf th

or a

Bail

And

was'j

'nevei

Offio

FOPG(

to be
the (
thefe
not
Tl
is, %
Tiht
to fa
expei
vine

he con-

iths for
l", every
)refhips
ar; and
t time,
jument.
his Ex-
he 14th
ning of
V fair at

er^ they
t^ohnies
n which
ly wifh
Planta-
iriment.
rs were
'd from
da with
Man of
ew-Tork
m told)
rrels of

)uld not
rovifion
m there
ic'd the
Europe
The

( 19 )

The next Charge is, That as foon as the
Fleet arrived the Teopk ther? debauched their
Men from the Service^ and conceaPd ^etfi-in
their Houfes. That Seamen and Soldiers will
defert wlienever they have Oppoitunity is do
new thing, and that there mould be found
in all Countries fome few ill People to en-
courage and harbour 'em, is as little ftrange.
The Queftion therefore is. How the Affembly
of the Province then fitting behavM them-
felves on this Occafion. Why as foon as they
were infbrmM that fuch things were done,
they immediately pafs'd an Aft wherein a
fpecial Court was erefted to try all Offenders
ctf this kind ; and a Penalty of fifty Pounds
or a Twelve-months Imprifonment without
Bail or Malnprize enjoin'd for the Offence.
And for the fpeedier Difpatch, the Sheriff
was impower'd to vclurn the Jury, (a thing
never before done in that Province) and all
Officers required to enter any Houfes by
FOPGf where Soldiers or Sailors were fufpefted
to be concealM. To impute a thing then to
the Country in general, which they took
thefe extraordinary Methods to prevent is
not only untrue but highly difingenuous.

The laft Accufation againft New-England
is, That they 'provided the fleet with ignorant
Vilots. In anfwer to whicb it is fufficient
to fay, that they were the ableft and moft
experienc'd Men the Country had, and ha-
ving been often in the River of St. Lawrence

C 2 . couUi

iii^i

could not but know it par*:icularly well. To
what then, or to whom the Difafter that hap-
pened there is to be attributed I don't pretend
to determine, but hope I have made it plain
that the Government People of New-

England are entirely innocent and have in eve-
ry refpeft done their Duty.

I am fure the People there thought fo, as
appears by the Letters from thence, dated
when the Fleet was ready to fail for Canada^
fince which we have received no Advices.
TheGovernour of the Majjachufets writes to
the Agent of that Colony at London thus :
The Fleet is now upon failing, and the
Expedition has proceeded well, we having
in all things gone beyond the Quota her
Majefty affignM us. The Secretary of the
Province thus : " The Expedition (of the
^' laft Importance to thefe. Plantations) has
been brought forward beyond what could
have reafonably bee^ expefted, the Supplies
^' demanded being fo large. The Govern-
^' ment have exerted their utmoft powers to
encourage it with all manner of Intention
and Application, and I hope the General
and Admiral will fa reprefent it in their
Favour. Another Perfon pf Note writes
from "Bofton in tliefe Words : '^ Never any
^' People fell into any matter with greater A-
^^ lacrity and Application than thefe Colonies
** did into this, nor made a braver Difpatch,
«' They h(jartily ai^d inftantjy comply'a with

try

ell. To
lat hap-
pretend
[t plain
New-
in eve-

t fo, as
, dated
Canada ^
id vices,
rites to
t thus :
ind the
having
Ota her
of the
(of the
ns) has
t could
Supplies
iovern-
wrers to
tention
jcneral
n their
writes
^er any
ater A-
olonies
fpatch,
ct with
^ail

( ai )

'' all her Majefty's Directions, and performed
<< even more than fhe demanded.

Methinks this Confcioufnefs of their well-
doing without Fear or Thought of being
blam'd has the Face of Innocence, Guilt being
ever timerous and fufpicious. But I forbear any
further Remarks, having already (as I flatter
my felf) given yourLordftiip full Satisfaftion.

I can't difmifs the Subjeft till I have ex-
prefsM my Hopes that Canada^ which we
mifs'd gaining in War, will be reftor'd to us
at the Peace now in Agitation. And that
eAnnaplis Royal, which we have recovered,
will with the whole Country of Nova Scotia
as far Eaft ward as the Ifland of St. Taul for
ever remain to the Crown of Great-Britain.
They originally belong'd to it in FaH, and
do of Right now. All that Country on both
Sides of the River of St. Lawrence was feiz'd
for the Crown about the Clo^ of the fifteenth
Century by Sir Sebaftian Cabot, Grand Pilot
to Henry the Seventh, and by him fent to
find out fuch Parts of North ^America as
were left undifcoverM by Columbus. The
French pretend indeed to a Difcovery of it
by John Verrazan a Florentine under Francis
tfie Firft of France \ but this was in 1606,
which being of a later Date could give the
French King no Right to it. Kins James
the Firft therefore knowing his Title to be
good did in 162 1 make a Grant of this Coun-
try to Sir William oAkxander (afterwards

Earl

( 3i )

Earl of Sterling) who fettled a Colony there
by the Name of Nova Scotia^ and held pof-
ielfion of it fev^al Years. Yet upon the
Marriage of King Charles the Firft with
the Lady Henrietta Mariay it was by Order
of the King given up to the French. In
1627 and 28 we got it again, and the North*
fide of the River call'd Canada was given to
Sir David KJrk^ who was both Proprietor
and Governour ; and the South-fide (caU'd
by the French ^ccadie) fcil again into the
Hands of Sir WiUam ^Alexander. In 1632
it was given away again ; though the King
(when he found the French had poffefs'd
themfelves of the whole Country) declared
publickly that he had given away only the
Forts, and not tiiie Soil, and therefore attemp-
ted to recover it again but ikil'd. Befides
the King of France oblig'd himfelf to pay iii
Ueu of the Fortj five thoufend Pounds to Sir
73^t;/V//C/rit, wJiTch he never did, but his Fami-
ly was ruined. Cromwell weighing the Premifes
ient Col. Sedgwick in 1654 and retook it, and
when he madepeacewithfr^?»c^ the following
Year, tho' their Ambaffador made preffing In-
fiances for the Reltitution of it, yet he would
not part with it, infifting that it was the
ancient Inheritance of the Crown of Eng-
hndj and did of Right belong to it. Where-
upon Monfieur St. Eftienne Son and Heir to
Monfieur Claude de la Tour a French Refugee,
who bought Nova Scotia of the Earl of Ster--

y there
Id pof-
on the
t with
r Order
:h. In
North-
iven to
)prietor
(caird
ito the
n i6j2
le King
)offefs'd
leclar'd
nly the
ittemp-
Befides
) pay in
s to Sir
s Fami-
remifes
it, and
lowing
Ing Ih-
would
as the
f Eng"
here-
eir to
efugee,
f Ster-

( ^i)

lingy came over into England, and making
out his Title, had it delivered, to him ; ai3
then fold it to Sir Thomas Temfle^ who was
Governour of it till the Reftoration ; foon
after which King Charles delivered it up a^
gain to the French said Canada with it, where
they both refted to the unfpeakableLofsand
Detriment of the Crown and the Planta-
tions, till Col. Nicholfon lately recovered the
former.

From hence it's evident, that both C<^-
nada and Nova Scotia were the ancient Inhe-
ritance of this Crown. The only Queftion
is, Whether the Kings of England had Fowct
to alienate thefe Countries, which being in-
corporated into the Crown were Parts of the
Common-wealth, and defcended to them
from their Anceftors ? The Civilians and all
that have wrote of the Law of Nations efta-
blifh it as a Rule, Non aliennndas ejje Imperii
fartes. They exprefly fay. That a Vrince
can no more aUenate any Tart of his T}omi^
nion^ than the T^o^l^ may renounce their Ohe"
dience. Thus ^ '^aldwin^ Molina^ "Bodinj Mat^
thaus Tarijienjisy Grotius and Tuffendorfy as
may be ktn in the Margin.

And

^ Dominium Rex remittere & abdicar© non poteO, quia ifla
cffet ex propriatio, quae a fupremo Principe fieri Hon poteft,
Baldw. in fralud. feud, colum.S, vtrtic. expedita. Molin.Tom^
J J p. 1 1 70. WK. 99. Prswiia regalia & public? ntiUo modo ab-
alienari poflfunt, uc fit in civitacibus lirmameufium aliquod &
vehici fundamentutn quo publica res nitatur. Quamobrem

bujus

■ i

And for our own Laws, Sir Robert Cotton
in his Treface to the Abridgment of the Rolls
in the Tower obferves, That cur Parliaments
have in all times been careful to refume
Lands alien'd from the Crown, which they
condemned as an undue Practice, and there-
fore reunited them. If then it was wrong
to difpofe of Lands that were the Patrimony
of the Crown, how much more fo muft it
be to give away the Subjeft's Property, and
to alienate part of the Empire to a foreign
Power ? If the former were to be inviolable,
then the latter a fortiori muft be facred and
inalienable. If it be pleaded that thefe Coun-
tries came to the Crown by Acquifition, and
therefore may be difposM of at Pleafure, I re-
ply that they were not acquirM by Charles
theFirft and Second, but came to 'em both by
Hereditary Defcent ; and further, that if Ac-
quifition gives a Right of Alienation, then it
is within the Prerogative to give or fell Ire-
hnd and all the Plantations to any Potentate

hujus regni Principes cum praxlia publjca privatorum fraudi-^
bus obfe^a revocant, illud obteftantur fe juratos ineunte im«
perio publica prxdia nunquam diltrahi palluros. Atque hsec
quidem rebus fspe judicatis confirmata fuere, nee taiitum no-
llris, fed etiam Hifpanorum, Anglonim, Polonorum, & Hun-
garorum legibus ac inditutis. Bod. ie re^uhlka Edit, Francofurt,
f. looo. /. <^. c. 2. Vide Math. Pari/, p. io6^ 508. Grot, de
Jure Belli &* Pacts, 1. 1. c, 5. integrum caput* Puff, de Le^e
Natur. & Gentium^ /. 3. r. J. Sir Robert Cotton'j Pref. i. R.
z. 11.48. T. H. 4. 77. 100. 6.H. 4. w. 29, 52. I. H. 5. c. 9,
18, H. 6% It* 54* l^itb many other Parliament*Rolls,

^ CottoH
le Rolls
iaments
refume
ch they

1 there-
wrong
rimony
muft it
ty, and
foreisn
iolable)
ed and

2 Coun-
on, and
•e, Ire-
Charles
both by
t if Ac-

then it
ell Ire-
)tentate

m fraudi^
eunte ini'
Uque hseo
iijtum no-
, &Hun-
rancofurt.
Grot, de
f. de Le^e
Pref. i.R.
i. 5. r. 9»

( ^5 J

in Eurcfey which I believe no Lawyer in
Great-Britain will give under his Hand for
Law.

Our Title appears equal to both Sides of
the River of St. Lawrence, that is, Canada
on the North, and Nova Scotia or (as the
French call it) eAccadie on the South. But
I muft beg leave to fay, that in Point of In-
tereft the latter is of more Confequence to
the Crown than the formen For when that
is in the French Hands, it's a Bridle to the
Eaftern Parts of New-Englandj where the
tall Pines grow, which are yeari^ brought
home in the Maft-fleet j and inoeed where
there ia.fuch a vaft Quantity of Naval Stores
of all forts, as is not to be found in any part
of the World. I conceive therefore that fee-
ing Naval Stores are gro'^ing fcarce and va-
luable all over Europe, and the Strength and
Glory of our Nation depends upon 'em, and
yet we are at the Pleafure of the Rujs and
the Swede whether we fhall have 'em or no,
and that at their own exceffive Prizes ; fure- -
ly we fhould take Care to fecure what we
have in. oAmerica as an ineftimable Treafure.
Befides if we fhould leave tliis Country to
the French, we fhall be defeated of our Ends
in turning 'em out of Newfoundland. Fdr
they'll find here as goai a Fifliery as they
left thercy and infinitely better Harbours,
and confequently will ftill be able to bring
their Fifh to Europe and damp our Markets

( ?^)

4s fofflcicrly ; and •weftiaai have one fet^l Difi
advaiitisigeittofe by thei^airgaiu, Jii that ^c
remove 'em from an Ifland to the Continent;
wheti^' thte J haVe fttore ^^^^ and

encrcafe tO thfe Tet*or of her Majefty^s 8ub-i
je£ls/ In 6rt€J word then^ if we give up this
iPlace, our Ma:val Stores are gone, cnur Fiflaery
iscxtf^emeW hurt, ^nd Vc lofe the only Op-
j)GrliahHy which v^^ probably ever have

to eftiablifti the P^ace ^nd Security <rf all the
flouriflilhg Colonies on the Continent ; which
I Iiope her" Majefty and her Miniftry will in
fchcif Wif^m Confidefr. > / ^ ?

Thli^, My LoRj^, r have aniwcr'd the
three (Ijueftions relatine to the unhappy Exi-
peditioii to Cam^da ; which I've done fts well
in Obedience to your fcordfliip's Gomiiiands>
lis for other weighty Obligations that itaake
it myDuty. " -■•'- .v^ovi.' • 70 Hii t>i .

I cbncltide with affuririg your Lordfhip,
that I am with the higheft RefpeQ:, /

1 I ' vV

1 ,

Tot^r tjordjhifs j)evoted

mile Servant

hat ^c
itinent;
ad and
f^ Sub-^
Uip this
Fifhery
niy Op-
er have
all the
r which
will itt

irM thfe

as well
liiiands^
t jiiake

Drdlhip,

1 1

si! 5

^ I

'ant

-)\

iJl>J