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Les diegrammoa auivants iiiustrsnt la mAthoda. by errata led to ant me pelure. apon A 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 I I E Prin A LETTE R T O A NobWLord, Concerning the Late EXPEDITION r O CANADA ' LQ NT) N, Printed for e/4- "Baldwin^ near the Oxford- t/lrms in Warwick-Lane. 171 2* ammmitmmmmim :-| h •\ l/ I ^ s a. •n^ .¥v • J", ^ V- . \ • \ 4 » V. >*? > • ■ ■ " i '? T q T • I , w ,;( . »•»* iaOit 'J' M 1, I. ( ti c a n . II. o La/i t( Th( r Pampl but fo give y< Can felflitt jy leve (3, rnoi^'r^j n 4 ..f ; ' » i* .n I t .1 Iv. My Lord, ci »• r; r OUR Lord ftiip demands of me Sa- tisfaftiori in three Points, referring to the late unfortunate Expedition to Canada, u ^tf I. Of what Importance the Conqueft of that Country would have been to the Crown, and whether it would have anfwer'd the Expence of the great Ar- mament that was made againft it. ^ II. Whether the Expedition was well con- certed? And, Laftfyy If the ill Succefs of it ought wholly to be charged on New-England^ as Peo- ple here are made to believe. The firfl: of thefe Queftions, as to the Impr-* tame of the Conquefiy has been difcufs'd in a Pamphlet publifliM within thefe few Days, but fo imperfectly, that I have room left to give your Lordfhip the following Account. Canada then is a poor Country, and in ft felf little valuable : Its Situation between for- fy feven and fifty Degree? of North Latitude, A J^ and t: and its being fubjeO: to Winds that blow from vaft Lakes above a tlioufand Leagues wefter- ly make it extremely cold and barren. The Ice locks up the Rivers, anjdthje^ftowcbvers the Ground more than lialf the Year, in •which time confequently very little Bufiners or Commerce can go on. Yet this Severity of the Clime ^ould rendei' it more fprviceable to Gr^(it *'hritmn^ tlmn if it were under a teiti- 'perate Meridian. For where the Gold is fo extreme, and the' Snow lies fo lohg on tlie Ground Sheep will hardly live, but never thrive fo as to majie the Woollen Manu- faftures praaicablq, which is the only thing |:hat can make. ^ I?lantation unprofitable to the Crown. And as C^»^^^^ (had it been re- duced) iTluft have been furnifhM from hence yfi'ith Manufaftures for its own Inhabitants, fo ft would have been a convenient Mart to yend 'erri tothp numerous and populous Indi- ."//? Nations rOund about 'ejn; whith whom the VcoiplQ of Canada riow maintain a great TrafEck, and in Exchange for their European Conimodities, receive the Skins of Beavers, Elks, Otters, Deer, Bears, Foxes, wild Cats, and other Creatures, with which the Woods pf North (iAmeric(f abound. This Trade therefore \^ould without dout)t have made great Returns of Profit to the Nation, had the Expedition profper'd ; and yet I muft tell you this was not the only, nor the main thing ihat piovM Her Majefty . " f ■' ■, ^ to from efter- The :6vers ir, in ufine^s jverity iceable a teiti- d is fo on the : never Manu- y thing ie to the leen re- 1 hence bitants, Vlart to whom a great European layers, |ld Cats, Woods ithout [rofit to )fperM ; fie only, [ajefty to , ( 5 ) to enter upon It. Her Majefties principal View (as Ihewas pleas'd to declare in Her Royal Inftruftions to the feveral Governours of the Continent) was to make Her good Subjefts in that Part of the World eafy and happy, which they can never be whilft the French 2iYQ'M2i&tvs of Canada. ^ ^ The Situation of that Country gives the People an Opportunity to invade all the Sri- tijh Colonies when-ever they pleafe. The Ri- ver of St. Lawrence lies right oppofite to Neixh Foundland^ and the Freach Settlement is at the Head of it, from whence it ftretches along wefterlyon the BsLck-Gde of New-Hamffiire^ the M(^achufets^ Rhode-Iflandj ConneaicuP^ New-Torky eAlbany^ the Jerfeys, Tenfilvaniay Maryland^ and Firpnia. And as the French are on the back of us, fo the Indians are be- hind them, who with their united Force of- ten fall on the Englijh, and may be able in time (if not extirpated) to drive 'em into the Sea. The Ravages which they have continually committed on the Frontiers of New-Englandj their firing whole Towns and Villages, their butchering the People in cold Blood, and their unmanly Cruelties tp the Women and Chil- dren is too fad, and too long a Story to be here related. I belieVe your Lordfhip never met With any thing like it in History, unlefs you have feen the Accotuit which "Bartholomeo de las Cafas Biihop of Chiafa in New-S^ain^ has (6) iaj given the World of the Spamfi EirbarjV tki to the poor Indians of Teru and Mexico But tho' NetkhEngland has been the deepcfk Sofierer, yet the other Colonies and Faftories have been fir from efc^ping, ; 'y.YhcHwdJm*s 'Bay Company will tell you they have had their full Share. In 1682, on^ Monficur de La Chaney with fome other Merchants of C nJfyour Locdfhip fhould enquire how it comes to pafe, that a handful of People (com- p3iratively) ihouldjiftve the Forts of iVh«;.. Fimndmdi ^nAffudfm^s Bay thus at their Mercy, and befable befides toalapm and di- jB^f^fe fo many CoUoniesonthe Continent; I anfwer^ 'Tis by Affiftance of the Indian Na- tions, who are blindly bigotted to their Su- pejrftitiQns, and therefore entirely devoted to their Intereil; which the French A^iXy flreng- then partly by marrying among 'em^ and 10. accufloming . themfelves to their wild Man- ner of Life; but principally by having their Miffionaries ever w^th 'em, who teach 'em among other things that the Virgin Mary was a Fremh^XjaAyy and that her Son the Saviour of the World was crucify'd by the; Englijhy and therefore to deflroy 'em is highly meritorious : Add then a Zeal for afalfe and bloody Religion to the natural Fiercenefs of the Savages, and what Wickednefs is fo hig which th«y won't grafp, or yioIei;ice fo great -which one they fore the For but! ply' % andf what on he War. Vew venh mufl worti ne& t Robbe. been t earner forryj thebe by fa) and t^ md Jo fomeboi Thefe that tl ceedpj chiefly inder /enty : One lange o lay lount- King )ns in Qyff it (com- New< their, nd di- lent; I m Na-r sir Su- ted to (9; \^hich they -w^on't commit? And they have one infiiperable Advantage of their fide as they live in a vaft Wildernefs, andarethere- fore tbemfelvej inacceflible, but can fall upon the En^ifli Towns whenever they pleafe* For which rcafon there's no difarming them but by extirpating the Trench^ who both fup- ply 'em witn Arms and Ammunition, and pav'em for all the Mifchief they do. I'^^i Thus> My Lord, You fee what.a reftlefs and fatal jEnemy Canada is to North ^/tneritOy what Murders and Depredations ihe commits on her quiet Neighbours as well in Peace as irt War. Wehob'd the time was now come when 'We wer6 to nave made Reprifals ; but Hea-^ ven has thought fit to difappoint us, and we muft be reiign'd. H6Wever I'm fure it was worthy of Her Maj^y's Juftice and Good* nefe to do Her part to difperfe this "Band of Robbersy and to reduce a Place which has beeii the Source of lb niany Evils to Her good e4nterican Subjeds. For my part I'ni both forry and afham'd to hear fome People lelTen the Defign, nay treat it With open Contempt by faying it was of no moment in the World ; and that feeing fo many Meft have been lofty and fo much Money ffent about it y they hofe fomebody wiU be made to fay the Reckoning* Thefe Gentlemen muft excufc me, if I fay that thefe rafh and intemperate Words pro- ceed partly from their Ignorance, but perhaps chiefly from a fettled Refolution not to like B any (ie>) knythin^ the prefent Miniftfy does.' 'Wie' they f night know (if they pdeisM) 'Hiat the Late Miniftry came as heartily iiftto it as HhU"^- and that in their AdminiftratiOn^ fleet under Vice Admii*al "Baker with Troops on board conunanded by My Lord Shannon boiind on tliis Enterprize lay {bitfe Montlis at ^ottp fnofitbj and had proceeded on it. if the Wind had favour'd before the Seafon Was too far, advanced. But as then the Tories reproachM it for beuig the Projeftion of that SMihijftry;- ib the otiier fide for a contrary Reafoii- do un- advifedly exclaim againft it noW. ^ -> f JP> In fum then to the firfl? Qt^ftioh.; Of what Importance would the Conque/ii$fG2tn2L(ii[ he to the Crown f I demand of Your Ijordniipj Would the annexing a large Country «^xtfena-j ing above a thoufand Leagues towards th^ MiJJaJip^j^iy and tlie Confequence of this, naille-* ly a vafl: Fur-Trade, and an Exportation of Our Woollen Manufeftui-es, and other Eur(H fean Commodities for the Supply of al) that Territory and the adjacent Indians^ would this be of any Importance ? Or would the Se- curity of the Faftories of Hudfon^s^Bay^ ancf Eleven floui^ifhing Britifti Colonies on the Continent, be of any moment? Or Laftly, Is Newfoundland and the Fifhery worth keep- iag, wliieh gains out of the Sea fiich immenfe Rieliesi, is io great a Nurfery for Sailors, em- ploys fonoany Ships,, and makes large Returns ijome b'y;6^^«, Portugal j and the Straits ij> V '! "I Pieces Piec is tt fiir^] ofC prefi thefi that flbw cern, fwcr to be . Tl feftic concet Itwa were enouj fure. daily may J cond necef Rem< as the as th( were Artill Quan Arm} the \ Then hat the as thii; t under n board lind on t "Poirtf LeWind? too far, >roachM tdoun- ioh' ; Of Cafiadlf iordlhipf >^xttoa-* ards th^ 5, naftle-i :ation of er Eur(H al) that i would i the Se- ia^y ancf on the Laftly, th keep- mmenfe )rs, em- Returns "aits in; Pieces^ ( n J . ' Pieces of -Eight and Bills of Exchange ; I fay- is this Fiftiery (which the Prefent Lord Trear fiir^r inoneof his laft Speeches in the Hoiife of Commons call'd the Silver-Mine) worth preftrving? Why then ixuly if any one of thefe Articled be of Vaiue, it cannot be deriy'd that the Expedition was well grounded. But Bbw {(each of thefe Points be of high Con- cern, and the Reduftion of C^^^^^ would an- fwer and fecure 'em all, then it muft be own'cl to be a truly Great and Noble Defign. The next thing Your Lordfhip defires Satif^ faftion in, is Whether the Escf edit ion was well concerted^ To which I doubt not to anfwer, It was. The Troops employed in this Service were good, and for Number more tliaa enough, which was certainly a right mea- fure. For it's good to be always fure, efpc- cially in Affairs, where if we fail once we may never have an Opportunity to make a fe- cond Attempt. Befides a little Superiority is neceffary in cafe of Accidents, to which no Remedy can be apply'd 2X fo great a Diftance, as the Scene of this Aftion was to be. And as there was a fuperiour Land-Force, fo there were 14 brave Men of War, -a fine Train of Artillery, and all Stores of War in fuch a Quantity, that fo well appointed a Fleet and Army was never before feen in that part of the World, and probablv never will again* Then they were difpatch'd early, and Colo- ael Nicholfon, feat befare to. get every thing B z ' \cady"; 11^ I I % ( I'X) ready ; for altho' (as I fhall albcrwards ob* ferve) they might have gone up the River of St. Lawrence in Septemier^ yet it's good to take Time by the Foi-etop, and to be rather too early than too late. In the aext place^ Colonel NtchoJfonh marching by Land with a gdod Body of Englifh and lndi(i?ts to attack Mont Reaiy and thereby make a confiderahte Diverfion was well laid. And all this carried on with that Secrecy, that even the Lords of the Almiralty who appointed the Fleet did not know the Service for which it was defign'd. But the wifeft Miniftry caa't pre^* fege Events, nor provide againft all Cafual- ties and Emergencies which often blaft the laireft Enterprizes, and have aftually defeats ed this, from which we expefted to reap fo inuch Glory and Advantage. Wliich intro^i duces the laft Article, viz* Whether the u^ffbrtunate Mifcarrtage (fthU Expedition is to le imputed to the QovernmenP mdlPeofle of New-England ? J am not ignorant. My Lord, of what is given out, that after New^England had made carn^ and repeated Applications to the Throne for this Expedition, and Her Maje-». fty had gracloufly come into it, at a time too when She had the moft preffing Qccafions for Her Men and Money in Flanders j Sfainy and Tcrtugaij that yet notwithftanding the Coun^ try did every thwgin their Tower to defeat the $uccefs of ity and that the Misfortune is to hd - ' wholly Is ob^ iverof X)d to rather place, Krith a attack lerahio :arr]ed ords of set did it was I'tprc-* CafuaU taft the defeat- reap fo 1 intro^ xrhat IS dmade to the Maje-. me too ions for Wy and : Coun- Ifat the is to hd wholly who^y aitrlhffed to the harharom Tr^atmeMt if tbt Northern Cihmes. Nor am I unacquain- ted with the fevere Menaces which fome Peo- ple ufe egainft 'em on this Oocafion, which y^ rH allow arc juft, and ou^t to be ftriaiy executed, if this Charge or anyt part of it be Iruet But let us conuder this Matteir fober- ',.1 have often heard it faid, Tlyat Mmmay }ie^ Jmt Inter eft will not. And if I know any thing of Mankind, this is a Rule that never &Jls» Now that the R^dudion of Canada^ k ^ "the laft Confequence to Ne^nhEn^land c^P^t be doubted from what has bqen already faid, unlefs one can believe, that the People ^ern don't like tQ live in Peace and Security aa NS^cll as the reft of the Worlds I am fure it has been the Cry of the 'VJfhole Country ever fince C^M^v^as delivered up to t)^ B^nck, Canada ^^ 4^kmia* They always look'd upon it as i Cdrtbagi to the Nor^ thern Colonies, which if they dkl liot deftroyi would in time deftroy theih. Of this they were fo apprahenfive in the Year i69q, that they came unanimoufly into a great and expeafive Undertaking againft it under Gohimand of Sir William Voips. But meeting with an unaccountable Train of Difappointments, returned without doing any thing. This Enterj^rize coft the fingle Pro- vince of the Maffac^ufets about fifty thoufand Poimds, which together with tne Lofs of Abvn- ( H) "Abun deal make li was -i thefef three; othe* Inten- 5m to )refs'd' :o It : Mith'd )r the • Pro. iieen's o' the oceed rticu- fame : Year ?7hicli com- t H ) cbmfaarided by GoL NicholfoHy and joinM bj^^ 500 Auxiliaries -from hence, made another Attack on Tof^-Roy^/TLndcarry'd it, as every body knows. Thus that poor Country ex?- liaufted by many expcnfive and (all but one) fruitFefs Enterprizes,' befides theOppreffionof a^ twenty Years Firencb and Indian War that has lain heavy upon 'erfi, yet did this Suni* mer paft furnifh more than the Quota affign'd ^m ror this laft fatal Expedition, and ad van-* ded at the fame time a great Sum for hei? Majefly's Forces, which it is - not . doubted the Juftice of the Govemijifent will, order foon to be paid, or elfe the JPeople there are utterly ruin'd. » 1 : * *> ( I fnall only add one thing more,' thatover and above tbefe ex^traoitlinary Articles, i the ftadding yearly Charge oS the Province of the M^achufets to maintain their Carrier- a^ihfl: the Enemy is thirtyvjthoo&nd Pounds^ Comtimmbm ^Amis\ whicn they rwbuld be eas?d of if / ^ ? Thli^, My LoRj^, r have aniwcr'd the three (Ijueftions relatine to the unhappy Exi- peditioii to Cam^da ; which I've done fts well in Obedience to your fcordfliip's Gomiiiands> lis for other weighty Obligations that itaake it myDuty. " -■•'- .v^ovi.' • 70 Hii t>i . I cbncltide with affuririg your Lordfhip, that I am with the higheft RefpeQ:, / 1 I ' vV 1 , n Tot^r tjordjhifs j)evoted 'o mile Servant in hat ^c itinent; ad and f^ Sub-^ Uip this Fifhery niy Op- er have all the r which will itt irM thfe as well liiiands^ t jiiake Drdlhip, 1 1 si! 5 ^ I 4 'ant -)\ I \x iJl>J I