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Maps, plates, charts, etc.. mav be filmed at different radfjction ratios. Thdsa too large to be entirely included in one expo,\ure are filmed beginning in the upper left hend corner, left to right and top to bottom, aa many framea aa required. The following diagrama illuatrata the method: Lea cartea, planchea, tableaux, ate,, pauvent *tr filmte A des taux d» rMuetion diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Itra reproduit en un seul cliehA, il est filmA i partir da I'angle supAriaur gaueha, d» gauche A droite, et de haut en baa, wi pfntnt la nombf d'imagea nAcaaaaira. Lea diagrammee auivanta ielustrent la mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 I COMPLETE FARRIER OR, HORSE DOCTOR. - A a(jn»> fOB IBB Treatment of Hoises in ail Diseases ■ ID WBKJH THAT NOBLE ANIMAL IS UABLE. BOXO TBB mVLT OT > Fiflj Tduf ExtenwTB Practice of the Author. BY JOHN C. KNOWLSON. , ■ i. Dnniia Bn ura AV BfcwjBH VABiisR or BMH vonnuuurr. ^ • '4 .^1 TiTBiity^Hinth Amiwiwiii SditiAB. \^ OoaAaMi\f the Latest Disooveries in the Gobi or Statdl " -r TORONTO: [ PUBLISHED BY ADAM MILLER, Akd roB Salb bt all Booksbllbbs. 1868. rr* *"5 it tNSBZ TO OOITFBNTB. 3 Baek Sinews, sprain in 46 Bladder, cl|B(«rd«r9 of.... 90 Blood Spayip.. ......91 BoneSpkvin..-. 50 Bote andWorms 11 Broken Wind 22 BmlMBof the Withers &d Oo^ Joint, sprain in 46 Gold, remedy for 3 Colic, or Gripes 7 Colic, Flatulent or Windy ^7 Colic, Billons or Inflammatory... 9 Convnlsions 16 Corb.... ..^.....^.92 Congh and Asthnm 5 Crown Scab, tho ..62 Cap-Bono, lameness in the. ...... .48 Farcy, or Farcin ...37 Farcy, the Water ...41 Feet, hurts hi tho 56 Fevers ". 17 Ferer, a Compound ...19 Fistola, or Bruises of the Withers 58 Founders 42 Oirfh/■■?'■ 1 ounce of Nitre. « ■;; .: .-.-- Boll these together in three pints of water for tei or twelve minutes ; strain the liquor through a cloth ; aud add two ounces of honey to it when you give it to the horse. The following ball, commonly called The Cordial Ball, is one of the best yet found out for coughs or colds. Be care- ful to get your drugs good, for this ball is of great worth in many diseases ; and few things will remove a cough or cold, or clear a horse's wind, sooner or better : Take 4 ounces of Aniseeds Powder. 4 ounces of Fenu^ek. ' 4 ounces of Liquorice Powder. ^ 4 onnces of Elecampane Powder. . ! ■ '.* 4 ounces of Flour of Brimstone. [ 6 ounces of Orains of Paradise, in fine powder. I < 4 ounces of Liquorice, cut smaU, and diJisolved in WUte 'Wine. I 1 ounce of Saffron, pounded smaU. 1 ounce of Oil of Aniseeds. 8 ounces of Olive OIL ;' * 8 ounces of Honey Bray them all well together till they come into paste, and if they should be too dry, add a little more olive oil and honey. The dose is about two ounces, and may be given three or four times a day, if needful. These balls, consist- ing of warm, opening ingredients, are of great use ; and given in small quantities, about the size of a pullet's egg, will encourage a free perspiration ; but in case of a Fever, they should be given with tlie greatest caution. It will be of great use to put scalding-hot bran into the manger, that the horse may hold his head over it, and receive OR, HOB8E DOCTOR. given onsist- and '8 egg, •'ever, |to the 3ceive the steam up his nostrils, which will cause a running from them, and relieve him very much. I have known asarabacca, dried and rubbed to powder, and blown up the nostrils, to cause a discharge ; for when a horse has caught a violent cold, he K often troubled with a pain in his head, which a good discharge at the nose is very likely to cure. For the same purpose the horse should be warmly clothed, especially about the head, neck, and throat, as it has a tenden ^y to pro- mote a running at the nostrils. By this simple method, with proper care, hot m^ones, and warm water, most colds may be cured ; and as 30on as the horse begins to feed heartily, and snorts after coughing, an hour's exercise every day will greatly hasten the cure. If the legs swell, and the horse be full of flesh, rowels are necessary. ..•'•.-". .;x '■'•': v.T\;r,;'; a ..s A Cough, and Asthma. Among all diseases to which this noble creature is sub- ject, none has given more perplexity to Farriers than a settled Cough ; indeed it too often defies all the attempts of art, and the horse frequently becomes Agthmatical, or Broken- toinded. Cacses. — The causes are various. Sometimes it is owing to colds imperfectly cured ; sometimes to pleurisies, or malignant fevers, which have left a taint upon the lungs or other vessels ; sometimes to small eruptions in the glands, which cause the lungs to be much larger than they ought to be, and a quantity of phlegm, and mucilaginous juices, which stuff up the glands and branches of the windpipe ; and some- times to fleshy substances engendered in the large blood vessels ; for all these things hinder a free respiration, and excite a cough. It is of the utmost importance to distin- guish one kind of cough from another, and this makes the disorder so hard to cure : for it can not be cured till the seat of the complaint be found out. If the cough be of long standing, attended with a loss of appetite, wasting of flesh, and weakness, it denotes a Con- sumption ; and that the lungs are full of knotty, hard sub- stances, called tubercles. When a cough proceeds from phlegm, and mucilaginous matter, stuffing up the vessels of the lungs, the flanks have a sudden, quick motion ; the horse breathes quick, but not with his nostrils distended like one that is broken-winded ; his cough is sometimes moist, and sometimes dry and husky ; * before he coughs he wheezes, and sometimes throws out of his nose or mouth large pieces THK OOMPLETE TARRIEB, of white phlegm, especially after drinking, and this dis- charge generally gives very great relief. GnftG. — If the horse be full of flesh, take from him a mode- rate quantity of blood. The next day give him scalded bran, and in the evening the following ball : 1 ounce of Powder of Anineeds. -: i ,: "> 1 ounce of Liquorice Powder. ,.,)» 1 dram of Calomel, 8 drams to an ounce. Work them into a ball with Barbadoes tar. Give this ball the last thing at night, and be careful to keep the horse out of wet, and from cold water the next day. On the second morning give the following purge : 1 ounce of Barbadoes Aloes. 1 ounce of Oastilo Soap. Ml ounce of Powdered Ginger. 1 dram of Oil of Aniseeds. Bray them together in a mortar, with a little syrup of buckthorn to make them into a ball, which is to be given in the morning, and plenty of warm water, and walking exe - cise, till it be wrought off. It will not work the first day. In three days after, give six ounces of the Cordial ball in a little warm ale, fasting, and to fast two hours after. Repeat the Calomel ball, physic, and Cordial ball, six days after, in the same manner as before. Let the horse's hay be sweet, and his manger-meat scalded bran, with a spoonful of honey in each feed : let him have walking exercise in the open air, but be careful of wet, and of cold water. When this course has been pursued two or three times, give two or three ounces of the Cordial ball every morning. The above method will remove most Coughs, but if it fail, try the following : 1 ounce of Oum Ammoniacum, in fine powder. ^ ounce of Crnm Oalbanum, in powder. ^ 2 drams of Saffk^n, brayed. 2 drama of Assafoetida, in powder. , > Work them up with honey, or Barbadoes tar, into one ball ; roll it in liquorice powder, and give it fttsting, and to fiwt two hours after. This ball must oe given every morn- ing, for six or seven times, before it can have a &ir trial. In the cure of this disease, the diet should be very moderate, the usual quantity of hay should be abridged, and sprinkled with water, and the usual allowance of grain and water di- vided into several portions ; for with- these regulations in diet the disease will soon be cured ; and where it is incura- ble, the horse will be so far recovered as to be able to do a great deal of work. <«, ■OMK DOOVOS. It may not be improper here to add tliat «ome Tocng horses are subject to ooAghe when cutting their t^ta. ana Air eyes are also affected from the same cause. In these cases always bleed, and if the cough be obstinate, r^eat it, and give warm maishes, which are often sufficient alone to remove the complaint. When young horses liave a cough that is caused bv worms, as is often the case, such medi- given as are proper to destroy those vermin. cines must be [See Worms.] the e, or The Colic proceeds from various causes; therefbre the method of cure varies ; for otlierwise the medicines intended to cure it may increase it, and perbaps render it fatal. W^' shall, therefore, divide this* disorder liatd three diflfereUt sue-: cies, and endeavor to give such plain directions formatia^mg' each, as can not fail to prove very beneficial. The three species are these :— 1. The Flatulent, o^ Wicidy Colic ; 2. Bilious, or Inflattunatory Colie ; '^^ ]'" . # t 3. The Dry Griped. ^s?^ The Hatnlent, or Windy Colie; t - lying down ,fui4 belly With his hind feet, Symptoms. — The horse is very restless, starting up again. He strikes his belly V stamps with his fore feet, and refiises his meat. When the pain is violent, he has convulsive twitches: his eyes are turned up. and his limbs stretched out, as if dying ; and his ears and feet alternately cold ; he fiills into profit sweats, and then into cold danms ; often tries to stale, and turns jbi,i8 head frequently to his flanks : he then falls down, rolh abouit. and often turns on his back. This last symptom p ">coeds from a stoppage of urine, which generally attends this 8pe> cies of colic, and may be increased by a load of dung press^ ing on the neck of the bladder. ,|,j^^, ^| ^ ,j j ^mmiUim^ ud li . Causes. — This disease often proceeds from eatchiDg cold by drinking cold water when hot, and the perspirable mat* ter is by that means thrown upon the bowels, which causes them to distend violently, and sometimeu brings x>n an inflam* mation in the small intestines, when the body begins to swell, and the cure is despaired of. tig ^1 ji 1 1 «? m tk Mgm^Mf^ CcBE.— The first thing t6 be done Is to empty the stTaigM gut vnth a small hand dipped in oil. This frequently gitAsi room for the wind^ before confined in the bowels, to dischA%e Itself ; and, by taking off the weight that pressed upoO U9 neck of the bladder, the suppression of urine is reifltflMl!) t THX ooifpum rABBixa, upon which the hone immediately stales, and becomes mnch easier. If the horse be young, and fiill of blood, it will be proper to take a sufficient quantity of blocd from the nec^ When these purgative operations have ?>een performed, the following may be given, as it seldom fails to give relief : 4 oimees of Tincture of Seniis,.or Daffy's Elixir. < . -I 6 drams of Tiiietan> of Opium. 1 dram of Oil of Juniper. t3 ounces of Juniper Berries, braised. < ,,i,t, : Put one quart of boiling water on the juniper berries, let them stand a few minutes, strain it off, put all together, and give them to the horse. If he does not find relief soon after taking this doee, both by staling and breaking wind, it is doubtful whether he will receive any benefit from it ; so yo.u must prepare the follow- Log clyster for him as soon as you can : . , . ; . , , Take 4 ounces of Camomile Flowers. ' ' i • 2 ounces e^oli of Aniseeds, I*ennel and Coriander. Boil them in one quart of water, and add 2 ounces of Cas- tile Soap, cut small, while the water is hot, that the soap may dissolve. Give it blood warm. During the fit the horse may be walked about, or trotted a little, but should by no means be harrassed, or driven about till h^^ is jaded. If no better, give the following : n ,. !•; ,..V. 8 drams of Camphor, , . ;. -^ 1 dram of PeUltory of Spain. !i ,v V > r:,< ; t- s ounces of Ginger Powder. 3 gills of Holland Oin. It the hone sweat much at times, and then falls into cold sweats, give fbur ounces of mithridate, in three gills of Hol- land gin, and repeat the clyster. If the disorder continue three or four hours, give one ounce of tincture of opium, in three gills of Holland gin. When the hone begins to reco- ver, he will lie quiet, without starting and trembling ; and if he continues in this quiet state an hour, you may conclude that the daqger is over. Dress him down well, and give him a small quantity of warm water, if he will drink it : bed him down well, cover him to keep him warm, and then leave him to get a little rest You must consider that the disorder Las left a little soreness on him, both within and without ; there- fore, make him a little gruel, with a pint of red wine in it ; and if any skin be knocked cff about his eyes, or his huck- bones, rub it with the wash recommended for bruises. Sometimes the Colic is received into theetomach.and does not act so violently, nor cause the horse's pains to be so dtarong. You may b^^st judge of this by his motions. He OB, HOBBX DOCTOB. 9 will draw his four feet together, lay himself down, stretch out his feet and Load, throw his head back, and often put bis nose to his chest ; after standing a little, he will lie down again as before. When the colic is easier, Le will lie for an hour or more together, with his feet stretched out and his head thrown back, or with his nose upon his ribs. This is caused by bad feed, or bad water, or both : some- times by drinldng hard water when hot, or by a change i'rom Bfft grit water to limestone or iron water, or by the break of a storm. I have had five or six horses under my care in this disorder in one day, at the brea?*' of a frost, by drinking ice or snow water. Sour grains, sour grass, dry meal, dust, bad hay, and many other things cause this disorder. Give the following, which is almost a certain cure in two hours * . ,^ . 1 ounce of Spirits of Swoet Nitre. 1 ounce of Spirits of Nitre •/ 1 ounce of Tincture of Opium. 1 ounce of Sweet OiL All to be given together in a gill of warm ale. Bed the horse well down, and leave him that he may get a little sleep, after which he will get up and feed. This is one of the best medicines that has yet been found out. It has saved hundreds of horses, and will save hundreds more if rightly applied. The BilioTU or Inflammatory Colic. Symptoms. — This kind of Colic, besides most of the symp tom"^ of the former, is attend^^d with a fever, great heat, pant ing, and dryness of the mouth. The horse also generally parts with a little loose dung, aul a little scalding-hot water ; which, when it appears blackish, or reddish, indicates an ap- proaching mortification. Take 3 ounces of Senna. 1 ounce of Salt of Tartar. Infane them In a quart of boiling water an hour— strain, and add 8 ounces of Lenitive Electuanr. 4 ounces of Qluuber'a Salt. Mix when hot. , . If the disorder bo not removed by the above medicine, but, on the contrary, the fever and inflammation continue to increase, attended with a discharge of flesh-colured matter, the event will probably be fatal ; and the only medicine likely to prevent it, is a strong decoction of Jesuit's bark, a pint of which may be given every three hours, mixed with a gill of red port wine ; or you may give one ounce of the powder of bark with the wine. Or, if these can not be got uasUy, give four ounces of tincture of rhubarb in three gills 10 THB COMPllETB TABRIEB, of red port wine. Also give a clyster every two hours, made of two new-laid eggs, well broken, and two ounces of mo- lasses, in one quart of milk. Give it warm. v If the horse recover, it will be pi per to give him a gentle purge or two in a week after. Take 1 onnoe of Rhnbarb, in Powder. Vft ounce of Jalap, do. "Work them up into a ball with syrup of buckthorn, and give it to the horse, with warm water to work it off. * The Dry Gripes. Symptoms. — This disorder mostly proceeds ftom costive- ness, and is discovered by the horse's frequent and fruitless attempts to dung, the blackness and hardness of the dung, the frequent motion of his tail, the high color of his urine, and his great uneasiness. Curb. — The first thing to be done is to draw the dung out of the fundament, with a, small hand, as far as ;, ou can reach, and then give the following : 4 otinces of Castor OiL 4 ounces of Tincture of Senna. Ml ounce of 011 of Juniper. Give them all together, and then the following clyster : Boil in a quart of water a handful each of Camomile Flowers and Marnhmallows. Strain off and add 8 ounces of Linseed Oil, or Pale OiL Tf the horse do not mend, repeat both the drink and the clyster. During this disorder the horse must not have any dry food ; but boiled linseed and scalded bran, with warm water to drink. Gentle walking exercise is a great means to cause the physic to work ; but be careful of cold. From the account that I have given of the different species of the Colic, the reader will be abundantly convinced how necessary it is to be acquainted with each, that he may be able to give proper medicines and to relieve the creature'9 excruciating pains. He should carefully avoid all hot, vio- lent medicines, which always prove hurtful in every species of this disorder, and frequently fetal. Nor is it any wonder that l.orses treated In that manner should die, for such medi- cines stimulate the neck of the bladder, augment the heat of ae blood, before much too great, and inflame the bowels, by which a mortification is Ijrought on, and the horse is lost by the very means used for his recovery. OK, H0B8E DOOTOK. 11 Sharp fits of the Gravel are sometimes taken for the Colic ; but should this happen, the drink recommended for the Colic will also be proper for the Gravel. Worms and Bots. Horses are subject to five sorts of worms, and perhaps to many more, but I shall only describe three, which are the most common. The worst sort to destroy are long, round worms, resembling earth-worms, but smaller at the tail ; they have a seam all the length of their bodies, and are very hard : these are called Round fVorrns. The next are small worms, about the size of a sewing needle ; they have red- dish tlat heads, having nine feet on each side, and are called Ascarides : these are also very troublesome to horses. The third sort are short, thick worms, called Bots : their seat is mostly at the stomach, but when horses get any food that they^ are fond of, they fill themselves so full, that they lose their hold, and come along with the dung to the fundament, and there catch hold and stick to the end gut,, partly out of the horse ; this happens mostly in Spring, when they get the juice of fresh grass. It is well known that horses which have many worms can never thrive, or carry much flesh. If the breeding of these vermin were prevented, it would add much to the strength of the horse ; and it might bo done by giving him a decoc- tion of bitter herbs, such as wormwood, in Spring. It may be boiled, or steeped in hot water, and given two or three times a week. Or a decoction of wormwood, buck-bean, gentian root, and camomile flowers, of each a large handtiil, boiled in a suflBcient quantity of water, and given as above, will answer the end. Symptoms. — The symptoms which indicate worms are vari- ous, as the animals are different, and seated in different parts of the body. When the Bots are seated in the straight gnt, they are never dangerous, but are often thrust out with the dung. They generally come in the months of May and June, and scarcely ever continue in a horse above a fortnight. But when they breed in the stomach, they often cause convi i- «ions, and even death. The Bots that breed in the stomach are about the size of a large maggot, composed of circular i'ings, and have little, nbarp, prickly feet along the sides of their bellies, by means of which they fasten themselves to the part from whence they derive their nourishment, to pre- vent their being loosed from such adhesion before they come to maturity ; and as they drain the coats of the stomach likti 12 THE COMPLEl'K FARUIEK, leeches, it is no wonder that they often throw the horse into convulsions, which terminate in death, unless the cause be removed. The violent agonies of the creature are the only indications of their existence. The other kinds of worms are more troublesome than dangerous, and are discovered by the follovdng signs : There is a white fur on the end of the straight gut ; the horse is lean and jaded ; his coat is rough and staring ; and if you rub your hand backward on the hair, a wnite scurf will rise, as if he had been surfeited ; and though he eats with a remarkable appetite, he does not thrive. He often strikes his hind feet against his belly, and is sometimes griped, but . without the violent pains that attend the colic, or stranguary ; for he never rolls or tum- bles, but is uneasy, often laying himself down quietly on his belly for a little while, and then rising and beginning to feed. But the surest symptom in when the horse voids the worms with his dung. Theway these creatures get into the stomach is curious. While the horse is feeding, the bot-fly lights on his side in a place convenient to the animal's mouth. He then stings the horse and flies away. The horse naturally turns his head and throws his mouth to the place whicn has been i^tung — the eggs adhere to his lips, and in this way are taken into the stomach, where they hatch into worms, which instantly fasten themselves to the coats of the stomach. Keeping a horse well curried and brushed, and keeping him in stable during the fly-bot season, will often prevent the disease. Curb. — Many medicines have been given to destroy these vermin, without knowledge or judgment, and even contrary to common reason. Some give coarse sugar for that pur- pose, but, in my opinion it will rather increase than destroy them ; although a few will All themselves so full as to lose their hold, and come away with the dung. . Take 1 ounce of Socotrine Aloes. 1 dram of Calomel, 8 drams to aa oane«, ■■.'(;v 1 dram of Oil of Aniseeds. 'i,; ' ' ,;j.;:j 2 drams of Powdered Ginger. • •» ,V > . . u; > ! , J ,, ^ ounce of Syrup of Buckthorn. , j i ,i,>f ;.; , . ;,; j • Beat all up together in a mortar till the Aloes are well broken, and the whole is brought into a paste ; which give in thti morning, fasting, and to fast one hour after ; also give warm water, and walking exercise, till wrought off. It will not work the ftrst day. Be caref\il that the horse be open in his body before you give the ball. In grass time you will have nothing more to do than to give it, and to put the horse horse into ' cause be ' the only of worms iscovered le end of is coat is kward on lurfeited ; does not ►elly, and ains that 8 or tum- ily on his ff to feed, le worms I curious. 3 side in m stings urns his las been way are [s. which tomach. Iceoping prevent )y these ontrary tat pur- destroy to lose e well h give 10 give It will pen in u will horse OB, nOBSB POCTOB. 13 where he can get water. This dose is for a pretty strong horse, so you must add or diminish according to size. This dose must be repeated as need requires, but not within seven days. It will destroy most kiad' of worms : but the bard round worms require different ireatmcut, as they are the worst of any to get rid of. To destroy them give the following : .f-U 1 dram of Oalomel, 8 dramri to an ounce. 6 drams of Jalap. 6 drams of Rhubarb, in powder. -r Wrought up into a paste with conserve, or honey ] and two days after give the following : /; ,. . , ... 1 dram of Oalomel, 8 drams to an oonoe. 1 ounce of dried Foxglove Leaves, powdered. \i ounce of Worm Seed, powdered. 1 ounce of Jalap, in powder. iV VllUi. To be given in three gills of malt liquor from the mash- tub. If the above be given every week for three weeks together, you may be sure that most of the vermin will be expelled. If the medicines be given in the house, let the food be light atad opening, and warm water for two days, with walking exercise. I advise all who have horses troubled with worms, to give savin, dried and powdered; before they give the worm phy- sic. If one ounce a day be given for a week before, in a mash of bran, it will be much better. The above ball is good for many disorders besides worms. The Yellows, or Jaundice. This disorder is very common in homes, and sometimes it is either unknown, or overlooked, till it gets much worse to cure. A young horse is easily cured, but an old one is bad to cure. Some people mav say, How can a horse have the Jaundice, tohen he haa no gall-bladder f 1 answer. Though he ha$. no gall-bladder in nght, he haa a large veaael in the liver which anauiera the aame end. We may here observe, the han- diwork of God in placing a horse's gall-bladder differently from those of other animals, when we consider that the horse is the swiftest and most laborious creature in the world ; so that if the gall-bladder had been })laced on the liver, it would always have been exposed to iiyuries. Stmptomb. — The white of the eyes is yellow, also the inside of the mouth, the tongue, and the bars in the mouth, are of a dusky yellow ; the horse is dull, and refuses all kinds of food ; a slow fever is perceived, which iucreases with the 14 TOS OOMPLGTK FAIUUKE, yollowness ; the dung is often hard and dry, and of a pale yellow color ; the urine is commonly of a dark, dirty brown, and when it has settled, somelimes looks like blood: the horse stales with pain and difficulty ; and, if the disorder ia nut checked, becomes in a short time unable to stir about When this disease gets strong hold of a horse before proper medicines are applied, it is often fatal, or it brings on some other disorder as bad, or worse than itself. Cork. — Bleed plentifully, and as this disease is always at- tended by a costive habit of body, it will be proper to give ft clyster or two before you give the physic. A clyster may be m&de of one ounce of camomile flowers, boiled in a quart of water with two ounces of Castile soap. Then give the following ball : 4 drems of Indian RbnbailL > 8 dr«m8 of Saffron. \ ''..., '.: B^' • .' 6 drams of Sncotrine Aloea. i '■ ■ ■.■.,.:••■'. 1 ounce cf Oastile Soap. :V-';i^ ^ A\ i? .->'<. To be brayed in a mortar with a little syrup of buckthorn, and made into two balls : one to be given the last thing at night, and the other the first thing in the morning ; ana give plenty of warm water to work them off. If the disease is obstinate and will not yield to the above, give the follow" ing ball : '" "^ '; ' "' ' 1 dram of Calomel, 8 drams to an onnoe. ';! '''■' 1 onnoe of Barbaiiofls Aloes. 1 ounce of Venice Soap. 1 onnce of Turmeric. 1 dram of Oil of Juniper. All to be brayed in a mortar with a little syrup of buck- thorn, and made into two balls ^ one to be given at night, and the other in the morning, with plenty of warm water, and walking exercise till wiought off. If the horse is better after the first medicine, repeat it, for It is much safer than the last ; but if not, the last may be given, and repeated as need requires ; but be careful not to give it in less than six days distance. If, after giving one dose of the last ball, you give the fol- lowing powders every day in celantine tea. If it can be got, or in warm ale, you will find them very useM in removing the complaint. ''? " ' 8 ouncon of Salts of Tartar. ^^ 1 ounce of .£thiop'8 Mineral . ; .^ < 8 ounces of Turmeric. These powders are proper to be given after either of the former doses. OB, BOBaS DOOIOB. 15 1 of a pale rty brown, ilood: the lisorder ia stir about jre proper 9 oa some ilways at- )er to give yster may in a quart I give the The BtaggfiOL ,^A. luckthom, t thing at ana give disease is le foUow- of buck- at night, water. fat it, for may be il not to the foj- be got, bmoinng of th« This cUsease la caused br the liver making blood so tut that the oavitj of the h^art is overloaded and the blood flies up the neck vein till the head is overloaded too ; and if re- lief can not be obtained, the horse soon dies. Symptoms.— The most common are, drowsiness, waterv and somewhat ftill and inflamed eyes, a disposition to reel, fee- bleness, a bad appetite, the head generally hanging down, or resting on the manger. There is little or no fever, and the dung and urine are veiy little altered. The horse soon begins to reel, and falls down, and sometimes is so outra- geous as to bite every thing in his way. Curb. — In the flrst place, bleed him well as soon as yoa possibly can. by striking the veins in several places at once, and taking away four or five quarts at one time : and, in order to raise up his head and shoulders, support them with plenty of straw. If he survive the flrst fit, out several rowels, give him clysters at night and morning, made of bar- ley-water and a little sweet oil and salt ; and blow up his nostrils a little Cayenne pepper, or white hellebore. Also give him ,, ,, ■ 4 drams of Bark. ■■,■,;•,•,... ;iii. •--•.» '^ '. .- . r.., ,, 16 grains of Turbeth Mineral. ,. j- w : -^i.r.j. , V H ounce of Camphor. Give it in a little warm ale. When ale cannot be con- veniently had, any other beverage to disguise the taste will answer. If the horse be outrageous, give him '/« 7»'.iF. 7 1 ounce of Tincture of Opium. 1 gill of Syrup of Poppies. 1 ounce of Tincture Quaiacum. . Be careful not to let him knock hiw head, for It will in- crease the disorder. If he gets through the first fit, give him two ounces of crocus metalonim every day, to thin his blood for fear of a relapse. It will be proper to give him the following ball once a month for some time after : {; ; i V M 1 ounce of Rhubarb, In powder. , ,.,. Vii ounce of Jalap, "-■'[,' 1 dram of Calomel, 8 drams to the ounce. To be made into a ball with syrup of buckthorn. This ball will be of great use in thinning the blood, and prevent- ing a return of the disorder ; for when a horse has had one fit of it, he is very likely to have another, if care be not taken to prevent it. . m ram ooMPixra vabbikb. Convnlsioiis, or the Stag EviL Of all disorders to which horses are subject, tiiis is the worst, and is scarcely discoverable till the horse falls down raging mad. It seizes him all at once, without any previous warning. He raises his head, with his nose toward the rack, pricks up his ears, and cocks his tail. In this posture he continues, and those who do not understand the disorder never suppose that he ails any thing of consequence. But other symptoms soon convince tiiem of their mistake ; for his neck grows stiff, cramped, and almost immovable ; his jaws are locked, and every tendon in his body becomes stiff. If he can get his mouth open he will bite any thing that comes in his way ; and if he lives a few days in this condition, several knots will arise on the tendinous parts of it Every muscle is so much cramped and extended, that the horse looks as if he were fastened to the place, with his legs stiff, wide, and staggering, and the skin drawn so tight over every part of his body, that it is almost impossible for him to move ; and if you attempt to make him walk, he will be ready to fall at every step, unless hb be well supported. At the same' time his eyes are so fixed by the contraction of the muscles as to give him a dead look. He snorts and sneezes often, pants continually, and his shortness of breath increases till the distemper tal^es a favorable turn, or the horse falls down and dies. ii Cure. — In the first place, bleed plontiftilly, unless the horse be old and low in flesh, or taken tvom some hard duty, and then you must not take so much blood. After bleeding give the following ball, if you can get it in, but the horse is very often jaw-locked till nothing can be got in but by clyster- pipe put between his fore and axle teeth. Vk ounce of Aasofoetida. ^ ounce of Oum Guaiaonm. \i ounce of Oum Camphor. ^1"^ Make them lip into a ball with honey, and give one of these balls every twelve hours, for two days, if you can get them in ; and if not, dissolve them in a little hot beer, and give them with the clyster-pipe. Be careful to powder the Gums. Then make an ointment or lotion of the following : 1 ounce of Oil of Spike. "' ' 1 ounce of Oil of Amber. ■'' ' : f . , ,) 1 ounce of Oil of Bricks. ,i \ . •i,- ...v V; 1 ounce of Spirits of Sal Ammoniac. u J'.» ' Shake them well together, and rub the jaws just below the OK, noBSK Dooros. ir t, tbis is the ) falls down iny previous ^rd the rack, 3 posture he the disorder uence. But listake ; for ovable ; his dy becomes te any thing days in this Dus parts of tended, that ce, with his iwn so tight possible for ^alk, he will supported, contraction snorts and ^s of breath ;um, or the ss the horse 1 duty, and ceding give >vae is very by clyster- ve one of ou can get beer, and owder the lowing : below the oars, where thev lock in the upper chap ; also rub the small of the back well, where the cross bones join the back bone. In this, as in most other disorders, the body should be kept gently open with laxative 'purges and emollient clysters. When the jaws are so locked that yon can Dot get any thing ia, do not open them by force, for that would increase the disorder instead of relieving it Sheep skins, newly taken off, and I id with the flesh side to the horse, will sweat him greatly, and by that means draw a quantity of water from the blood : indeed, there are few things that will relieve a locked jaw more : but if they be laid on the loins, they must not lie above three hours at a time before they are turned with the wool side to the horse. Tou may keep the skins on twecty-four hours if you change sides every two or three hours. If the horse can not take either food or water in at his mouth, he must be supported by clysters, made of barley- water and milk, and given both at the mouth and the fiinda- ment. I once supported a large wagon-horse in this manner for twelve days, and he recovered. Convulsions are caused by different things, but often by bots in the stomach ; for these destructive vermin suck np the juices that should feed the blood, and bring it into a thin, bad state ; indeed they are sure to destioy the horse by one means or other when there are a great number of them in the stomach. When you suspect that these vermin are the oauise of the disorder, give the ball recommended to destroy bots. If the horse get better the first time, be sure to guard against a re- lapse, for he will not be apt to get better a second time. Tapping under the jbws, and at the breast, is sometimes of great service in this disorder, but I am of opinion that sweating' with sheep skins will relieve much sooner. If the stiffhess of the jaws continues after the convulsions have ceased, the following medicine should be given : H •UBoe of Matthews' PilL \^ o«BM ot Assafoetida. it\ )H' Make then* itato a ball, and give it twice, (one day between the doses,) and it wHl give relief. Feverft. iK.\ IM.' J. i,^» N V-v., w4* (' Horses are subjie«t to. few d^rdevs wMeh are not Attended with more or less fever. ,,i ;..;,,, * ,..,, fi . jk., Causbs. — Fevers are often brought on by sudden heats and colds ; by going out of warm stables into cold ones ; by b»> 2 / 18 THE OOMFLEn TABXlh^, ing clothed, and then having the clothes stript off ; and hj being turned out to grass ; for man j people turn their horses oat to grass in tlie morning, and let them lay out, which is quite wrong : for when they are* turned out to gnuis, to be Ibere night and day, it is best to turn them out at night, for ' then they will graze all night ; but if you turn them out in the morning, they will fill themselves in the day-time, anl lie still all idght, which is the way to catch cold. Most fevers are brought on by colds, therefore be careM to keep your horses as much as possible from catching cold. Sthftomb. — The horse is remarkably restless, ranging tcom one end of his rack to the other : his flanks work, his eyes appear red and inflamed, his tongue is parched, and his breath hot and '^f a strong smell. He often smells at the ground, he loses his appetite, and though he will take hay into his mouth, he does not chew it : his whole body ia hot- ter than usual, but not parched : he dungs often, but little at a time, and it is generally hard, and in small pieces ; his urine is high-colored, and he generally stales wiUi pain and difficulty ; he is always craving for water, but drmks very littls at a time ; and ms pulse is much quicker than usual. CuRB.-~Whenever a fever takes place, the first part of a euro is bleeding, and if the horse be strong and in good con- dition, the quantity should be two or three quarts. When this has been done, give him a pint at a time of the fol- lowing inftision, three o. four times a day : *^ ^* "^' 4 oum . of Jnlce of LIqnorice. " ; . ' "' '' 4 onnces of Liq:ioriee Root mi ,, •/',«>. 2 oancea of Salt Petra .; ' v J r- 4 onnces of Salt of Tartar. -. ..j ii,:' i i 6 ooDces r/ Oood RaUina. ...,-; . ."" 3 onneeK of Aniseeds. ^. jm^ . • -^ f! 5'nvii3 of SAllren. t^i5? w''- ■ i-- uMr :.ii.,b'^'-i Boil all these together in six quarts of water, for ten min- utes ; let it Btaiid till cold, and then strain it off. It is one of the best medicines for colds, coughs, hoarseness, or fevers, in either horse or man ; and if it were more known, and more used, it would give greater relief in violent colds than any thing yet found out. It is kind in its operations, open- ing to the lungs, works gently by stool and urine, is free in its passage, and opening in its nature. The horse should scarcely eat any thing but nmshes made of linseed and bran, and given in small quantities. If he refiises them, let him have dry bran sprinkled Vith water, iittd put a little hay into his rack, as a small quantity of it iriU not hurt Mm, and a horse will often eat hay when he >t off ; and by n their horses out, which is grass, to be t at night, for 1 them out in day-time, anl 1 cold. Most ireM to keep cold. ranging from (rork, his eyes ;hed, and his smells at the will take hay B body is hot- n, but little at I pieces ; his rith pain and t drmks very than usual. Srst part of a 1 in good con- iiart». When ae (tf the fol* or ten min- >fr. It is one 88, or fevers, known, and it colds than fttions, open- e, is free in !ashes made ities. If he Vith water, nantity of it ay when ha OS, nOBSX DOCTOB. Id will not eat any thing else. His water should be rather warm, and given often, but in sjaall quantities ; and his clothing moderate, too much heat being pernicious in a fe- ver. If he refUse his meat, do not let it lie before him, but take it away, and clean his rack and manger. If he be able to go about, a little walking exercise in the open air will be very proper, but you must be careflil not to get him wet This method, with good nursing, will often be suflBcient to restore the horse tc ut^alth ; but if he reflise his meat, more blood should be taken from him, ana the drink continued ; and if his dung be bard and knotty, a clyster should be given. .. , .,^y'-r:c:':r Take ManLmallows and ^,^. •" Camomile Flowers, a hancHtal eaeh. Boil one-third away in three qnarts water — strain, and add 4 omicea of Venice Treacle. 1 pint of Pale Bape OiL The above will make three clysters, to be given at four hours distance. If his pulse continue high and quick, give the following : , S oonoes of Nitre. ii ' . ' -■ 2 ounces of Cream of Tartar. ;, , > • 4 ounces of Glauber's Salt. 2 ounces of Lenitive Electuary. " ■" ' Dissolve them in hot water, give one-half, and the other half the day following. If the horse be very open in hia body, you need not give che above j but if dry, be sure to give it him. If he be very open, give him four drams of bark in a gill of red port. By pursuing this method, the horse will begin to recover, and will relish his hay, though his flanks will continue to heave for a fortnight. Nothing more will be requisite to complete the cure than walking him abroad in the air, and giving him plenty of clean litter to rest on in the stable. There is another and much worse kind of fever to which horses are often subject, and which often proves fatal if not properly treated, viz. : A Compound Fever. ' Stmptoms. — The symptoms of this disease are — a slow fe- ver, with great depression ; and sometimes inward heat and outward cold, and at other times heat all over, but not ex- cessive. The horse's eyes are moist and languid ; his mouth is continually moist, so that he is not desirous of drinking, and when he does drink, a very little satisfies him ; he eats very little, and moves his joints in a loose, feeble manner. 20 THK OOMPLETK FABRUB, grating his teeth very disagreeably : his body is generally open, his dung soft and moist, and he stales irregularly, sometimes making little water, and at others a large quan- tity, which is of a pale color, and has very little sediment. Cork. — In the first place, take from the horse a moderate quantity of blood. L^t it not exceed three pints, but repeat the operation according to its strength, if there be any ten- dency to inflammation; after this the nitre drink already described may be given, with the following addition : f^, 1 oonce of Snake Root H' *, 3 drams of Saffiron. 3 drams of Camphor, dissolved in Spirits of Wine. The horse's diet should be scalded bran ; and linseed* boiled, and wrought up with bran. Also give him the best hay by a handful at a time. It is often necessary to feed him by the hand, for sometimes he is not able to lift his head to the rack. In this disease, drinking is absolutely necessary to thin the blood ; and therefore if the horse refiises warm water, he should be indulged with such only as had the cold taken off. This may be done with a hot iron, or by letting it stand in the pail in a warm stable ; and this will be better than forcing warm water on the horse's stomach. If this method does not prove suflBcient, but the fever shall continue to in- crease, the following ball should be given immediately, as the danger augments every hour. 1 ounce of Camphor. «;, v.",:ii ,,^.. >. V4 omice of Gum Myrrh. >" ';'. ' ' • v' ;*r^- >.t;- J ..: . l ounce of Squills. " '^-.n^"*' ' ' ■ '^^ •'•!■•> '"' SiSi-' i*;;;.- /' , ;:i;.'';' 2 drams of Castor. ■;i-j u:-^> - .■ u{ :'i: Make them np into two balls, and give one at night, and. the other in the morning. K no better in a short time, give the following infusion : '*",•"'■ ' 1 ounce of Snake Root. ,4 : ■ ,>i.). :•, .. S ounces of Oentian Root. ' ' ' ' 2 ounces of Lemon PeeL • /''j ? tv! ■? 2 drams of Saffron. Boil these well together in three quarts of water, and give a pint once a day. If the above ball foils of success, give the following : 1 ounce of Camphor, dissolved in Spirits of Wine. ~j- 1 ounce of Sal Ammoniac. '>i 1 pint of good Vinegar. Put them all together, and stir them about till the tame subsides. This is for two doses to be taken at twelve hours' distance, diluted wilb water. There is not perhaps a more ,j.,,. Oa, HOISK DOOrOK. ^ 21 dy is generally lea irregularly, 8 a large quan- ttle sedimeot. >r8e a moderate ints, but repeat re be any ten- drink already .ddition : „:,j,^, Irlte of Wine. ; and linseed* e him the best lessary to feed to lift his head cessary to thin vearm water, he cold taken off. ing it stand in be better than If this method icontinue to in- ounediately, as at night, and. a short time, ater, and give success, give Wlna 'i^'-'i'-t^'X till the Aime twelve hours' »rhap8 a more powerftil and effectual medicine known than camphor in all kinds of putrid fevers, it being active, attenuating, and par-> ticularly calculated to promote urine and perspiration, the two principal outlets by which relief is to be obtained ; and 'if this medicine were more often given than it is, it would be u greater credit to the farrier, and give greater relief to the horse. If the horse be costive, clysters, or an opening drink, should be given ; and should he purge moderately, be care- ful not to suppress it ; but if it continue so long as to en- feeble the horse, give him a little red } ort wine and bark. Also observe to let the animal drink pleni '^llly, for that will greatly promote the operation of the above named medi- cines, as both the disorder and the medicines ^111 cause a thirst^ K the horse can bear walking about, a little open air will be proper, but be careful to keep him well covered. Particular attention should also be paid to his staling, which if it flow in too great quantities, must be repressed by pro- per astringents, and by giving him lime- wat«r ; and, on the other hand, if he stale so litt)« as to occasion a fUllness or swelling in his body and legs, give the following drink : 1 onnce of Nitre. ;,-, • >;ir vii 8 ounces of Castile Soap. - .^.■■■' -^ ■ ;.i.< '.,:,, I 1 ounce of Venice Turpentine, »;;;:;;;, v; . j^ V 2 drama of Oil of Juniper Make them into a ball with liquorice powder, and give them at twice twenty-four hours distance. These balls may be given as occasions may require, and are very proper to convey off the greasy, slimy matter from the passage of the urine, and to settle swelled legs. These are the best methods of management, and will gen' erally prove successful ; but sometimes art will fail, and the horse will discharge a greenish or a reddish gleet from his nostrils, and sneeze very frequently ; he will continue to lose his flesh, become hide-bound, refuse his meat, swell about his joints, and his eyes will appear fixed and dead ; a purging also ensues, and a dark-colored, foetid matter is discharged. When these symptoms appear, the case may be considered desperate, and all attempts to save the horse will be fruitless. In this disorder yon must take care not to let the horse eat too much, for his diet should be light, and in small quan- tities at once, and increased gradually as he may gain strength. When his skin feels kind, his ears and feet con- tinue moderately warm, his eyes look lively, his nose re* mains clean and dry, his appetite mends, he lies down with 22 THX OOHPLSTE FARRIER, ease, and dungs and stales well, you may conclude that tlie ^nger is nearly over, and that nothing more is needful but care to complete the cure. On the contrary, by overfeeding, YOU will run the risk of bringing on a bad surtieit, and the horse may be, according to the old saying, — killed toith keeping. Sometimes the fe^^er returns ; so that every one who has a horse in a fever should be careful of cold for some time after, as his blood is left in a thin, bad state. His legs will probably be subject to swell : and if the swelling leave n dimple when you press your nnger upon it, it is a sign of a dropsy ; in which case it will be advisable to put two rowels on each side of his belly, and to give him half an ounce of the best yellow bark everv day for some time. At other times a fever leaves a runnmg at his nose, of a thin, yellow, glueish matter, and small swellings below his ears and chaps. When you find these symptoms, give one ounce of . crocus metalorum every day in a mash of bran, and rub the swellings with mercurial ointment. Care should be taken to keep the head and throat warmer than common, as the kernels about the latter are swelled ; and also to promote a free perspiration, and to increase the runnirg at the nose, which has the same effect in horses as spitting has in the human species : but never syringe the nose, as is often done, to promote the discharge, for it hati an effect quite contrary, and lessens the quantity of matter instead of increasing it ; and checking the discharge of mat- ter at the nostrils often causes swellings at the glands, and other bad consequences. Let me once for all remind you that all such di^icharges are critical, and thrown by Nature to free herself from the load that oppresses her, and conse- quently should by all means be promoted. A Broken Wind. This disorder may sometimes bo prevented, but can not be cured ; and it has hitherto been as little understood as anv to which a horse is subject. People have had various opinions respecting its cause, and why some horses are more subject to it than others ; but of all the opinions hitherto delivered, that of Mr. Gibson seems the best founded, '^e thinks that it is frequently owing to the hasty or injudicious feeding of young horses for sale ; by which means the growth of the lungs is rapidly increased, and all the con- tents of the chest so much enlarged, that in a few years the cavity of the chest is not sufficient to contain them when include that tie re is needful but . by overfeeding, surfeit, and the ^^e,—kilUd with 5ry one who has d for some time • His legs will (veiling leave n it is a sign of a put two rowels alf an ounce of ime. ^ At other ' a thin, yellow, '' his ears and ' one ounce of bn, and rub the throat warmer f are swelled ; io increase the ct in horses as er syringe the fge, for it has itity of matter iharge of mat- le glands, and 1 remind you vn by Nature er, and oonse- . but can not understood as had various 3 horses are ions hitherto Dunded. '^e injudicious means the all the con- 'w years the them when na, uouaE doctob. they are expande^f, is sufficient at once, and the operation is to be repeated whenever the breath is more than commonly oppressed. We are assured, by dissection, that in a Con- sumption both the glands of the lungs and the mesentery are swelled, and often indurated. The only n edicines that can be depended upon, are mercurial purges and ponderous alteratives. I have already given you examples of the former, and the following is a formula of the latter. lOx 4 ounces of Croons Metalomm. 1 ounce of Oalomel pp. 1 pound of Gam Guaiacnm, finely poTrdered. Give about an ounce every day in a mash of bran and linseed. Iceland liverwort, a handful boiled in a gallon of water, is much better to make mashes up with than water ; for it is a great helper of the blood. But it is to be ob- served that nothing will answer s( good an end as Spring grass ; so that if the horse be afflicted with this disease in Spring time, turn him out to grass as soon as you cslu ; and if the nights be cold, turn him out in the day-time, and take him in at nights. Salt marshes are the most proper places, when they can be met with. When a horse has had this disorder, he can never more bear cold and hard service as before. A Scouring, and Other Disorderi of the Intestines. You should consider well what the Scouring proceeds from, whether it is caused by foul feeding, bad water, hard exercise, sudden heat or cold, an overflowing of bile, or a weakness of the intestines. If it is brought on by foul feeding, or bad water, it should not be stopped, but rathei* bo promoted ; for it should be remembered that Nature by this means thrpws off the seeds of disease, and evacuates the morbid matter which would otherwise be retained to the great disadvantage, and per* OK, BOB8K DOCTOR 27 ■ny other thingg. much by damp aluftble horses, It any air-holes as soon as the aused ihe walls ^aeer.bv which »nsuniptioQ and icipal things to int, or at most operation is to tian commonly hat in a Con- mesentery are icines that can nd ponderous mples of the itter. Mix of bran and I a gallon of : than water : is to be ob- nd aB Spring is disease in •u car, ; and ne, and tako oper places, uis had this d service es Jitestines. proceeds water, hard f bile, or a r, it should should bo the seeds ich would , and per. haps to the destruction, of the animal. The great difficulty therefore consists in knowing when these discharges are critical and salutary, and when detrimental and noxious ; for the former must not be checked, but the aid of medicine must be called in to put a stop to the latter. For instance,— if a healthy horse, upon taking cold, or after hard riding, over feeding, or at the beginning of a slight fever, have a moderate purging, you must be careful not to stop it, but on the contrary to promote it, by an open diet, and plenty of warm gruel. But if this purging con- tinue a long time, with smart gripings, and the inner skin of the bowels come away with the dung, and the horse lose both his flesh and his appetite at the same time, recourse must immediately be had to proper medicines ; among which the following are very eifectual. I do not wish any one to give medicines upon merely hearing the names of the drugs, ut to know first in what manner the drugs will operate. Take 1 onnce of Khuharb, In powder. 2 drams of Myrrh, do. S drama of SafF!ron. Give altogether in warm ale, and warm water for two days after. This dose will not only work gently, but will be of great service to the horse, as it will bring away the slime which lodges in the small intestines, and correct the bile of the stomacn, which is the cause of this disorder. When the disorder continues, and the horse's flesh keeps wasting away, recourse must be had to astringents. Tormentil Root dried, and pounded in a mortar, and put through a seive, is one of the best astringeuts yet found out, though very little known. The dose is from an ounce to an ounce and a half. I believe that this valuable root has done more good in my time, in stopping looseness and bowel complaints, than any thing else. When the purging is attended with fever, a dif- ferent method of practice is necessary. Take Mi ounce of Rhubarb, in powder. 1 ounce of Lonitive Electuary. ^ ounce of Gamphor. 1 ounce of Powdered Qinger. To be given in a pint of old ale. This is a very proper medicine when the horse is troubled with a fever ; but if he have no fever iipon him, give the following : 1 ounce of TormentU Root, in powder. \ Ml ounce of Japan Esko, do. Give these in red wine, or it that be thought too expensive, In oak bark tea. Japan earth is a great healer of the bow- : 98 THE COMPLETE FABKIER, eli. Repeat this last medicine three or four times to allow It a fair trial ; giving the horse at the same time but little exercise, for he can not then bear much. Should this medi- cine fail, and the disorder increase instead of decreasing, which may be linown by his flanks and belly being ftiU and distended, and his appearing to suffer strong griping pains, give the following clyster : Vii oitncn of IftinfirlanR, dissolved in a quart of warm milk. S ounces of Mithridate. Sometimes the flux is so violent as not to be overcome by the preceding medicine, when recourse must be had to the following. Uoil a handful of oak bark in a quart of water, strain it off, and add S ounces of Tormentil Boot, in powder. S ounces of Bole. Give them all together. This should be repeated once a day, for two or three days. The practitioner should carefiilly attend to the symptoms that accompany this disorder ; for if the discharge be at- tended with any acrid mucus, or slime, the griping pains being very severe, there is then a sure indication that the common lining of the bowels is wasted away ; and then it will be necessary frequently to inject the following clyster, warm, in order to prevent the fatal consequences which will otherwise soon ensue : 4 ounces of Starch, dissolved in a quart of water. Half a pint of Sweet Oil. Yollts of three Eggs, well broken. A little Loaf Sugar. This will do for twice, at four hours' distance. In treating this diseane, be exceedingly careful to follow my directions, and to get good drugs, for your success will dep(!nd iipon this, and a cautious watching of the symptom;?. It is also necessary to observe that some horses, from hav- ing weak stomachs and bowels, throw out their aliment un- digested, and their dung is habitually soft, and of a pale coUtr ; they also feed sparingly, and are always low in fiesh. This complaint, which often proves fatal at last, may be removed by tne following medicines : ' 6 drams of Socotorine Aloes. 3 drams of Rhubarb, in powder. 1 dram of Myrrh. 1 dram of Saffron. If Make all np into a ball with syrup of ginger. After the above itomachic purge shall have been given two or three OB, B0R8E DOCTOR. 29 times to allow time but little >uld this medi- of decreasing, being foil and griping paina, rmmllk. overcome by >e had to the lart of water, Bated oace a he symptoma sharge be at- •riping pains ion that the ; and then it ving clyster, s which will to follow iccess will symptoms. , from hay. iliment un- of a palo ys low in t last, may After the or three times, a pint of the following infusion should be given every morning : Take 2 ouncps of Orri« Hoot, A handful each of » Gentian, Columbia Root, ' Winter Bark, Anisci-dR, Orange Peel, Fennel Seeds, and Camomile Flowers. ' Boil all together in a gallon of strong ale, and when cold, clear it off, and add one pint of spirits of wine. If this be thought too strong, two quarts more of ale may be added. This is an excellent cordial both for healing and strengthen- ing the stomach and bowels. These are the best methods of treating the above disorders, to which horses are often subject, and in which they are often lost for want of proper treatment. But before we conclude this chapter, it is necessary to ob- serve that the scourings which succeed long-continued sick- ness, such as the Farcy, Putrid Fevers, or an inflamed state of the blood, where bleeding and other proper evacuations have been neglected, too often terminate fatally ; especially when the creature discharges a foetid slime, and when the same matter gleets from his nose ; for in these cases the blood is dissolved, and the whole mass of the fluids is be' come putrid, and discharges itself by those drains. Disorders of fhe Kidneys and Bladder. Inflammation of the kidneys and bladder are sometimes brought on by other disorders, and often by sprains, hard exercise, catching cold when hot, or from the want of pro- per care. Symptoms op a Hurt in toe Etdnkts. — The horse is very weak in the buck and loins ; he stales with difilculty, is faint, eats very little ; his eyes appear languid and of a dead color ; his urine is foul, thick, and often bloody, especially after a violent strain ; he can not move backwards without great pain, which may be seen at every attempt. It is some- times hard to distinguish an inflammation from a sprain, or what is called, *' tifled in the back." There is no method but observing the gait of the horse. Tf he have got tifled in the back, he will bo hard put to it to keep from coming down behind, and indeed will often come down ; his eyes will look rather red, but his urine the same as before. A tifle lies in the marrow, or pith of the back. Cube. — The principal remedy for a hurt in the kidneys is bleeding, which should be done pretty plentifolly, as by thb 30 THK COMPLETE KABRIKB, ra^ans an inflammation will h^ reason to think thTttu -1 "^ Prevented • nn/i tP the creatuSrK • *^.®*°^ammationi8!ilr«»5^u^^<'» have flammationZSS ° !^^"^^ 'f*® repeated -f J, ^i*^""^** d^ffl- «equencniirb^S*^^'i,*^'^"»™«diate^^^^ in- cipal, it iTnot fiff^^S ^"*' although fclS^^' *^® ^on- «ervice. Put « riwT^^ '«"»edy, fo? rowe^n^ •' ^^^^ ?'"''«- following balls ?JI^^ ''^ f *«^ «de of hisZ "^ '', ''^ ^''^'a* "•arshmallows L^rf* * ^^y' ^^ » Pint of thi^'^""'^ 8^'^« *he o^- hone, drofvKi?^ ^"^^ «^^- -^c^, ^Ta^"^^^^^ Add ' ''^ Caotdoap emollieut cfi^"" ">«« «Pe.t tto bleedi^^*"' ," "» "tinatfto be o°T^' ^ «omeSmMthe .?' ""?«"'» ''"1 CdranMofNitio. ^• Make the whol! tit" 'l'''^"'' "* P^"^-- then the urin« ? ^ ''''''^ ^«' the power n?®*''^?^ ^«^ be well un- en mistaken lown of the •else in very ma;^ happen I, will bring p, heat, rest- I and short- lely greasy, hen cold, is sllow color,, or sediment* 3 extremely d the small The horse obably dia- strength to bound, and mtinue till s not done generally ; with the ind repeat take care • the first lered too be easily time, let ' clysters gate the '' matter. yen, and litre dis- it will Jretions, , if not h of the jvep be petite ; or four mako him stale and perspire plentifully, and at the same time bring down the swelling of his legs. The following is well calculated for the purpose : 6 drams of Socotrine Aloes. 4 ounces of Oam Ouaiacom, in powder. 2 drams of Ginger. 8 drams of Jalap. 2 drams of Oil of Juniper. ■ To be mado into a ball with syrup of buckthorn. By pnr- Buing this method the horse will soon be recovered, for this purge will mend his appetite, and increase his flesh. If it be too weak, add a dram more of aloes. It will bring down his swelled legs, and carry away all the superfluous matter that clogs the blood. When you give the physic, be careful to give plenty of warm water all the time. A Surfeit Some people pronounce every ill-thriven horse surfeited, whether he is so or not. A Surfeit is nothing more than the effects of an ill cured disease, and therefore what is called a Surfeit in horses is very different to the disease which bears that name in the human body ; the latter being the begin- ning of a disease, and the former the remains of one. Symptoms. — The horse's coat will stare, look of a rusty color, and even appear dirty, although the greatest pains have been taken to keep him clean. His skin will be cover- ed with scales and dandruff", which will appear like meal among the hair, and when cleaned 08" will be followed by a succession of the same matter, occasioned by the perspira- tion being obstructed. Some horses will be covered with a kind of scab, sometimes moist, attended with heat and in- flammation, and the humor so very sharp, and causing so violent an itching, that the creature is incessantly riibbing himself, and by that means making himself raw in diiB^rent parts of his body. Some horses have neither scaled, dan- druff', nor scab ; but look dull, sluggish, and lazy. So^e are hidebound, and others afflicted with flying pains and tempo- rary lameness. In short, the symptoms are very various, and almost as numerous as those of the scurvy itself. Causes. — ^The causes are as various as the symptoms. Some horses are surfeited by high feeding and want of proper ex- ercise ; which produce a bad digestion, and generate ill humors. Some are surfeited by unwholesome food ; some by hard riding ; some by drinking cold water vhen thej are hot ; some by bad or improper physic, and some by standing 3 84 TBK OOJiPUTK VAUltEn, in Btables through which the rain drops, or by lying wet. But as many also get surfeited by standing when hot at the doors of public houses, such bad practices should be guarded against. Curb. — If we duly consider the nature of Surfeits, their 'cure will be much more ea.sily performed. All allow that they arise from a bad state of the blood ; but how is this to be remedied ? By bleeding and purging. But this must be done in a very gentle manner. Take about a quart of blood, and the next day give the following ball : . . 1 ounce of Socotrine Aloea. 1 dram of Calomel, pp. 2 drams Oil of Aniseeds. Add as much lenitive electuary as will mak( It into a ball. Give plenty of warm water to work it off. Repeat both bleeding and physic in eight days ; and when the last dose is wrought off. give him six ounces of the cordial balls in a little warm ale. Also give a spoonful of the following pow- ders every day in a mash : - - 4 onnces of Flotir of Brimstone. 4 ounces of Crocus Metalorum. 4 oances of Nitre, in powder. Mix all up well together. By persevering in the above method you may cure the most inveterate Surfeit, and if any scabs or runnings appear in the skin, rub thorn with the following : 4 onnccs of 8nlT»hnr Vivnm. 2 oances of White Copperas, 2 ounces of White Hellebore, in^powder. Mix these powders with churn-milk, rub the places affectod well, and the grievance will soon disappear. Sometimes a Surfeit settle? in the legs, and they swell much, and then break out ar J run very much. When this is the case, two taps put into the lower belly will be of great use. Staling balls should be given every third day, and plenty of warm water to work them off with. Make the staling balls as follows : onnco of White Rosin, drains of Cnstile Soap, drams of ( )il of Juniper, drams of Camphor, drams of Saltpetre. Bray all well together into a paste, in a mortar, and form it into a ball. The above is only for one dose, but you may make as many as you think proper at once, and keep them for use. Give them at night, and they will work off the next by lying wet. len hot at the id be guarded inrfeits, their 11 allow that low is this to this must be lart of blood, It into a ball. Repeat both the last dose al balls in a lowing pow- ^ the above k, and if any !m with the ces affected ometimes a and then i case, two e. Staling y of warm ualls as OK, noiuiE cooroR. 35 and form t yoii may eep them the next da^. These balls are of great service in many of the dia- oraers of horses, and are some of the best staling balls yet found out. By following the foregoing directions, a cure will generally be performed. Som-dtimes in this disorder little knots break out, especially upon the hind partn of the horse, and these knots throw out a little matter. When this is the case, you must rub them with strong mercurial ointment. Sometimes these little tubes, or pustules, have living insects in them : but by rubbing them as 1 have just directed you, they will be destroyed and the cure completed. The Hidebound. This disorder is too often brought on by the horse being worked too hard, and badly kept: although this is not always the case. When the skin of a horse sticks so close to his ribs that it appears immovable, the horse is said to be hidebound. But this is not properly a disease, but rather a symptom, being often caused by previous disorders, such as levers, convulsions, surfeits, worms, or disorders of the kid- neys or lungs. CcKE. — As the hidebound may proceed from various causes, it is necessary to determine the cause, before such medicines can be applied as will remove it. If it owe its origin to hard labor and want of food, rest and plenty will soon remove it. If it be caused by worms, worm medicines must be applied ; or if it be left by any imperfectly-cured disorder, the following drink must be given : .2 ounces of Aniaeedn, in powder. 2 ounces of Ginger, in powder. 1 onnco of Grains of Paradise. 2 ounces of Mustard. 2 ounces of Turmeric. All to be powdered, and to be given in warm ale, fasting, and to fast two hours after. Bleeding, tapping and physic are also necessary, when the hidebound is left by any disorder. The Mange. This disorder is more shameful than dangerous, for you can not go abroad with a scabbed horse without being hissed at, neither is it proper ; for this disease is so infectious that every horse that may come near it will be in danger. The Mange is too well known to need a long description, though some have been mistaken, and have taken a hot itch- ing eruption for i^ i I m THE OOUFIJETB FABBIER, Symptoms. — At first it is confined to the skin, but by long continuance it vitiates and pollutes the blood. The skin is generally thick, and full of wrinkles, especially about the mane, the loins, and the tail ; and the little hair remaining on those parts stands erect. The ears and eyebrows are commonly naked ; and when the limbs are afiected, they have the same appearance : but at the same time the horse is not raw, nor does the skin peel off as in a Surfeit. Causes. — The Mange is generally taken by infection, for it is so very catching, that if a horse be put into a stable where one in the Mauge has stood, before it bd thoroughly cleansed, he will hardly fail being infected. But though infection is the general, it is not the only cause of the Mange. Low feeding, an'i running long abroad in cold, pinching weather, without 8i.fficient provender, will cause a horse to have the Mange. ^.iURB. — ^When the horse has been infected by another, the disorder is not so obstinate as when caused by starvation, for the blood will not be in so bad a state. When you think a horse has got the Mange, apply the following where you think it needfiil, and it will cure it at the beginning without much trouble or expense : -;■ ..i . i'' 4 ounces of Sulphur Vivum. 4 ouncen of White Copperas. ' ''' 4 ounces of White Hellebore Root, In powder. .'f !• Mix all together in two quarts of butter-milk, and rub the places well By this method you can cure most scabs of short duration ; but when once the Mange has got great hold, it will require sharper treatment. Make the following for one horse : 4 ounces of Sulphur Vivum. 2 ounces of White Hellebore Root, In powder. 2 ounces of Blue Stone Vitriol, in powder. , ^ ^ ounce of Verdigrin, in powder. . .i' 4 ounces of Flanders Oil of Bays, 3 gills of Whale OIL Mix all well together, and rub the horse well with it all over — in the sun, if in summer, but before a fire if in the win- ter. In summer you must also turn him out to grass after rubbing, but in winter keep him warm in the house. You must be carefiil to wash your saddles and bridles, cart gears, stands, mangers, racks, «c.. well with quick-lime and cham- ber-ley ; for if you do not clean all that the horse may have used, the infection will remain. You will find the above a certain care, if managed rightly, for I have cured hundreds with it, and I do not remember one instance of its failure. but by lone Tbe skin is 7 about the r remaining '^ebrows are Jected, they the horse la t. Jction, for it table where ly cleansed, infection is mge. Low ig weather, to have the nother, the rvation, for ou think a where you ng without OB, KOItSK DOCTOB. 37 id rub the scabs of got great following ith it all the win- 'ass after Je. You rt gears, il cham- lay have Rbova a undreds ilure. At the same time give freely of flour of sulphur and liver of antimony ; and if you have a number of horses infected, be sure to rub them all togetlier. Some people say that when a horse ia rubbed for the scab he will infect others, but I am of opinion that he will not, neither do I remember an instance of it. 'V The Tarcy, or Faroin. ' There have been many opinions respecting this disease. Some authors reckon five kinds ; but although there are so many different branches, ^et four of them have the same root. The Water Farcy is different from the others, and therefore I shall put it afterwards by itself. There is a scurvy which horses are subject to, and which is often called a Farcy ; but it is no such thing, for there are only the two kinds of Farcy, which I shall here treat upon. Horses are often said to have the Farcy when they have not, for some- times when people do not know the proper name of a disor- der, they call it the Farcy. The true Farcy is a disorder of the blood-vessels, and generally follows the course of the veins, and when inveterate, thickens their coats and integu- ments in such a manner that they become like so many cords. Symptoms. — At the beginning of this disorder a few small knobs or tumors, resembling grapes, are found on the veins, which are so painful to the touch that the creature shows evident marks of uneasiness on their being pressed with the linger. They are at first very hard like unripe grapes, but in a very little time they grow soft, and break and discharge a bloody matter, and become very foul and untoward ulcers. This disease appears in different places on different horses. Some I'lhow i^. first on the head ; some on the external jugu- lar vein ; some on the plate vein, extending from thence downward, on the inside of the fore-leg, towards the knee, or upwards towards the brisket. In some it first appears about the pasterns, on the sides of the large veins, and on the insides of the thighs, extending towards the groin ; in others on the flanks, spreading by degrees towards the lower belly ; and some horses are nearly covered all over the body at once. Curb. — When the Farcy attacks only one part of a horse, and that where the blood-vessels are small, it may be easily cured ; but when the plate vein is aflected and turns corded, and especially when the crural veins, within»ide the thigh, are in that condition, the cure is very difficult, and the crea- ture is rarely fit for any thing but the lowest work after it. ...J^J ^tk.^^ 38 THE COMPLETE rABRISR, Therefore those who depend upon some particular medicine, and flatter themselves with being able to cure every species of the Farcy with it, will find themselves wretchedly mis- taken ; for different medicines are needful, according as the disease is superficial or inveterate. The former is easily cured, for sometimes moderate exercise is sufficient ; but the latter requires knowledge and experience ; and often baffles the most skillful, and defies the whole power of medicine. From the above description of this disease it appears that it is of the inflammatory kind, and that the blood-vessels are affected. Copious bleedings are therefore absolutely neces- sary, especially if the horse be fat and full of blood. This evacuation always checks the progress of the Farcy in its beginning, but its good effects soon vanish, especially if the horse be low in flesh. After bleeding, mix the llllowing : 4 ounces of Cream of Tartar. •.,•'- ..:! ..; 4 ounces of Liver of Antimony. y : . ' i.,, • ; , .;* ':■'. .fi'i.-f 4 ounces of Lenitive Electuary. , ,-. j . V I v,!.,!.'; 4 ounces of Castile Soap. '' _ ' "' ■. ■ 2 drams of Calomel, 8 drams to an onnce. Make these into balls, and give two oiinces a day for some time. WDile giving these balls, dissolve a little nitre in the water given to the horse to drink. These medicines will keep his bodv open, and allay the inflammatory heat of his blood, which is the principal cause of the disease ; and while they are given inwardly to remove the cause, let the tumors be rubbed twice a day with the following ointment : 4 ounces cf Elder Ointment. I'" 4 ounces of Flanders Oil of Bays. 2 ounces of White Vitriol 1 ounce of Red Precipitate. •,?.'' 2 ounces of Sugar of Lead. Beat all well together into an ointment, and keep it for use. This ointment will soon disperse the tumors, which will leave small bald spots on the skin, but the hair will grow again in time. If the tumors break, and run a thick, well digested matter, it is a sign that the disease is conquered, and the horse will soon be well ; but it will be necessary to give him two ounces of liver of antimony every day Ibr a fort- night, and two ounces every other day for a fortnight after, In order to sweeten his blood, and disperse the small bunches that remain. This method never fails when the small veins only are affected : and a short time will complete the cure. But when the Parcv affects the large blood-vessels, the cure is far more dlfflcult. Let the practitioner always attempt it at the beginning of the disease, as he then will have fewer OR, BOBSB DOOTOB. 39 ' Wedicine, 5ry species ledly mis- ling as the is easily t ; but the ten baffles idicine. pears that essels are ely neces- od. This rcy in its tlly if the wring ; for some re in the ines will it of his Qd while tumors for use. 1 leave ?ain in igested Dd the o give a fort- t after, inches veins lure. s. the tempt fewer difficulties to encounter ; for delay renders that almost im- possible to be overcome which at first might have been easily conquered. Therefore, when the plate or crural veins are corded, lose no time, but bleed immediately on the opposite side, and apply to the distempered vein the following mix- ture, which is proper to dress the wdunds with, but not be- fore they are broken out : .,,, 1 dram of Corrosive Snblimate. 1 ouace of Spirits of Salt Powder the sublimate, and put it into a bottle, and put the spirits of salt upon it to dissolve it ; then add two ounces of vmegar, by degrees. This is a very proper mixture to dress ihe ulcers with ; but if it can not be easily got, take !>; 6 ounces of Oil of TnrpRntine. ,.,j ,. ,.;( . ' ,• . 3 ounces of Oil of Vitriol. Put the pot in water with the turpentine in it, and pour the oil of vitriol in, a little at a time, and keep stirring it till it shall have subsided. If the Farcy be situated in the loose and fleshy parts, such as the flanks and belly, the mixture should consist of equal parts of oil of turpentine and oil of vitriol ; but when the seat of the disease is in the parts which are less fleshy, the proportions above are best calculated to perform a cure. The medicine must be used in the follow^ ihg manner. Rub the parts affected with a woolen cloth, and then apply some of the compound oil to every h^A and tumor. Continue this method twice a day, and at the same time give, cooling physic every other day. The balls and nitrous draughts before mentioned will answer the intention. By this treatment the tumors will be digested, and the curds dissolved ; but it will be necessary to give liver of antimony to complete the cure, lind to prevent a relapse ; and also to dress the sores, when well digested, with a mixture of bees' wax and oil, which will heal them, and smooth the skin. Sometimes the disease will not yield to this treatment, especially when situated near the flanks or the lower belly. In that case it will be necessary to bathe the parts with the compound oil. as far as the centre of the belly ; and at the same time to give a course of antiraonial medicines. The following composition is stronger than the last, and on that account is often used when the disetise is obstinate : 4 oitncos of Sntrlti of Wine. 2 ouiicos of Oil of Tui'pentine. 4 ounoo" of Oil of Vitriol 5 ounowH of Vinegar. Mix all together, with the caution before directed. When 40 THK OOMPLKTB FARB^^X, >.'■■ ^- - this method fails, and the disorder becomes inveterate, try the following, which ie recommended by an eminent prac- titioner : i-j- 'Hi';' [■*'.,:'•:: ;:i.^'.h-- \4 pint of Linseed on. : > > Ji't./ 3 ounces of Oil of Turpentines w ■ , •., ,> 3 ounces of Oil of Peter. ^ 7,' 8 ounces of Oil of Bays. ' . '•'■' ^ Vtt ounce of Oil of Origannm. '■ ^ ounce of Strong Aquafortis. 2 ounces of Barbadoes Tar. 2 drams of Tincture of Euphorbinm. Mix all together with caution, as before directed. This medicine must be rubbed on the tumors and corded veins once in two or three days, observing that if the mouths of the ulcers are choked up, or so thick as to conflne the mat- ter, to open a passage with a small hot iron ; '^nd also to destroy fiie proud flesh, which may be kept dowu by touch* ing it occasionally with oil of vitriol, aquafortis or butter of antimony. In this disorder, these are the best ways of proceeding that have yet been discovered ; but it is to be considered f*s an obstinate one, and is sometimes very bad to cure. It has hitherto bafiBed many an able practitioner, and it is to be feared will baffle many more ; for when the blood has got into such a corrupted state, it bids defiance to medicines. The ingenious Dr. Brackden recommends the strong mer* ouiAal ointment for rubbing ^he cords and tumors with be- fore they break ; and in order to disperse them when they are broken, to dress the sores with a mixture composed of equal parts of Venice turpentine and quicksilver. If the moutii becomes sore by this means, a gentle purge should be given to prevent salivation. This is doubtless a verv good method, and if care be taken, will often prove effectual. He also recommends the following alterative ball : 1 ounce of Liver of Antimony. i / ' •, -•,■?---; 1 ounce of Bezoar MineraL ; '• , 4 ounces of Cordial Ball. Beat all well together, and give about the size of a wal- nut every day fur some time, fasting, and to fast two or three hours after. I have given you the best prescriptions that I am able to {(ive, and such as will not fail to cure if properly applied, f the horse be not incurable. I have been more particular in treating of this disease, because it is common among horses, and very often managed improperly by those who J>retend to cure it. Such, therefore, as have valuable horses n this disease, would do well to be careful whom they em- OB, BOB8B DOCTCB. 41 ploy, and assiduous in observing the methods they make use of to cure it, if they do not think proper to attempt a cure themselves. In my opinion they may do it better themselves by following these directions, than by trusting to farriers. The Water Farcy. This disease varies very much from the last, and would more properly be called a Dropsy than a Farcy. There are two kinds of this disorder, but they are nearly of the same nature. One of them is produced by indisposition termi- nating in the skin, as is often the case in epidemical colds ; the other is a true dropsy, where the water is not confined to the belly and. limbs, but is found in different parts of the body, and a great number of soft swellinga appear. When you press the finger pretty hard upon any of the swelled parts, or under the horse's belly, or on any part of the body, you may take it for granted that he has got the Dropsy, or what is called the Water Farcy. This disorder mostly proceeds from foul feeding, or - con- tinuance of very wet weather iu the end of summer. Cure. — Whenever the swellings appear, make scariGca- tione, that is, holes through the skin. This may be done by a short fleam ; and if you have not one short enough, put a collar made of a piece of leather on it. If the swelling be under the belly, strike a good many holes in at a time, but be careful to avoid the veins. liy this means a great quan- tity of water will run out. Taps in the brisket are also often of great service. I have fleamed horses four or five times before I could get the swelling to subside. When the watier has subsided, the blood is left in a bad state, to remedy which, a gentle purjje should be given two or three times, eight days distance, to recover the crasis of the blood, and brace up th<) relaxed fibres of the whole body. Lime water is very proper, with a little nitre in it, and \et the horse's food be warm mashes of bran, with a little malt in it. His keep must be increased by def.rees. The disorder mostly happens t() young horses that have not been used to high keep. You must give one of the following balls every day, omitting the time when the physic is working : ,•"'■■■■1 •■' ''''■■. 2 ownces of Squills, i'i'iVl'';.!. "-i-^-' ' '•■-«>.■. „ .. i.jk syfi 1 ounce of Camphor. ; ?,;'■ s , ' 'ii,,, :: 1 ounce of Castile Soap. ..., , >/■ - Ml ounce of Turpentine. ■ ,, ■ ' 4 ounces of Yellow Rcsln. ^ '; i"^^-^'-: Make these into a ball wUh honey, and give one ounce at a time. These balls will work the water ott' by urine. When 4tt THS COIIPLETB FABKIKR, tbe home has been treated in this manner till the water is evacuated, and he begins to recover, give him a pint of tbe following infusion every day for a fortnight, fasting, and let blm fuHt one hour after each dose : 4 onncca of Oentian Boot. 4 ounces of Black Hellebore t. ...'.; ■ i 8 ounces of Jesuit's Bark. ,,-. ..' : ' 4 ounces of Camomile Flowers. 1 Handful of Centaury. Boll all together in six quarts of water, for ten minutes, let ft stand till cool, and then strain it through a cloth. This strengthening drink will brace the fibres, cause the fluids to circulate quicker, and complete the cure. Founders. ft,-,. The Chest Founder is produced by violent exercise on a fUU stomach, and drinking large quantities of cold branch water ; by the use of mouldy bran, corn, or oats, or by eating largo quantities of green food, such as oats, wheat, peas, &c., while performing Lard labor. The ^eat of the disease is in the lungs; tbe heart and liver are also considerably en- larged, insomuch that there is not room for them to perform their office with ease. The liver, lungs, diaphragm, and sur- rounding parts, are all covered with largo brown spots, and are much inflamea. Symptoms.— A horse that is chest foundered, will straddle or stake with his fore legs, showing an unwillingness to bring his feet together : and if they are placed near each other, he will not permit tnem to remain so for a minute. Indeed, they are frequently twelve or eighteen inches apart, which is caused by a fullness and continual uneasiness about the cliOHt : the cavity being too small to contain the lungs, &c., ill their enlarged situation, with ease. The hind legs are free from the palsied appearance of those before, and it is not diinoiilt to distinguish it from a common founder, as it is Wiititing in all its symptoms, except the stiff and numbed aj)r)earanco of the legs. , iwarge bleedings, and half an ounce of aloes given inter- nally in a ball, have sometimes ailorded momentary relief. A horse laboring under this disease, is worth but little more tbun his board, as he is unable to bear fatigue, or undergo severe service. The (/ommon Founder is caused by riding the horse until much heated and fatigued, and then allowing him to cool suddenly, by drinking freely of cold water, or standing in an exposed situation, or in a cold stable without covering ; or, OR, BOBSS DOCTOK. 43 h^.:1 until cool in an or, xv'ithont sudden cooling, it may be produced by too bounti- ful feeding, and hit) swallowing his food greedily, while very- warm and hungry. Under such unfavorable circumstances, the poor animal, after resting, instead of being refreshed, is stiff and sore ; his rest, food, and drink, being more destruc- tive to health than constant action and abstinence. On the contrary, had he been allowed to cool gradually, and fed sparingly, he would have escaped injury. Cure. — Take from the neck vein a gallon of blood, and give as a drink, in a quart of strong sassafras tea, a table- spoonful of saltpetre, and a quarter of an ounce of assa- foetida ; withholding any drink for six hours ; at the end of which, sifould he not be better, take half the quantity of blood, repeat the drink, offering him bran or oats' scalded with sassafras tea, his drink being mixed with tea. His feet should be well cleaned, and filled with cow dung. . ^^ . ,y Other Remedies. — As soon as your horse is foundered, bleed him in the neck in proportion to the severity of the case. In extreme cases, bleed him as long as he can stand. Then draw his head up, and, with a spoon, lay salt back on his tongue, till he has swallowed one pint. Let him drink only moderately. Anoint his feet with spirits of turpentine, and he will soon be well. The founder pervades every part of the system. Bleeding arrests it in the blood, and the salt in the stomach and bowels. Attend to it immediately atler the injury. TIte Prairie Fanner recommends, as a simple and certain cure, to bleed the horse freely in the neck, as soon as tbe founder is discovered, and as soon as practicable, place him in water about up to his belly — the colder the better — and let him stand two-thirds of a day ; or, if badly foundered, longer. This drives the founder from his feet and legs, and prevents its settling there. PoU Evn. This disease in the horrio proceeds sometimes from striking the poll of bis head against any hard substance, or from bruising the part with the halter, which causes it to swell. First abate tbe inflammation by blooding, physic, and the ap- plication of cold lotions to the part. Tliis will sometimes disperse the swelling. If it matters, hasten !ts formation with warm fomoutations. poultices, or stimulating embroca- tions ; then open the swelling so that the whole of the matter should run oit, and continue to do so. This is done by a setou Keep It clean with warm water. A piece of the skin 44 THX CX>1IPLKTK FABBIXR, of old bacon rubbed on with a hot iron, is a good applica- tion. Poll Evil has been cured by the following mixture (apparently at least by it in some instances.) Take finely pulverized fiint glass three spoonsful, put into urine, one pint m a bottle, and bury it in the ground for three or four days : after which take one spoonful or more of the mixture, well shaken up, and put that much into each ear, once a day fov three, four or five days. d .>..v5 k> A Sprain in the Back, y f -, All kinds of Sprains resemble each other. They are ? relaxation of the tendinous fibres, from the muscular partis being overstretched. Sprains in the back are mostly caused by overtfeighting the horse, or by his losing his hind feet on the side of a hill ^ and sometimes by putting him back too quickly. There is much difference between a Sprain in the back, and what is called tified in the back. Sometimes a horse catches cold in his loins by having his clothes or his saddle taken off when he is hot, and being turned out of doors ; and some horses are subject to Rheumatics, which make them lame in many places, and are generally taken for Sprains. To cure a sprain in the back, first bleed pretty freely, and then give the follov/ing drink : 1 ounce of Tincture of Gualacum. 1 ounce of Balsam CapivL 1 ounce of Oil of Juniper. To be put into a quart of strong parsley-root tea ; half to be given at night, half in the mornmg, and plenty of warm T'ater to work them off. Also, lay a sheep's skin with the flesh side to his loins for six or eight hours, if he can bear it ; and then turn the wool side to him, and let it stay on a day ; and when you take it off, sheet him well for fear of catching cold. Also, make a plaster of the following : • I •-• . : i.'\''_ 2 onncefi of Oxycroseum. , ,. . ;■ ' :-,,-• 2 ounces of ParacelliB, "■ 2 ounces ot Red Dominion. ' ■ • ■ 2 ounces of Burgundy Pitch. Melt all together, and lay them on pretty warm, and put a little wool, clipped short, on the charge while hot, and then pour on a little cold water to fasten the whole together. These are the best methods I am acquainted with, and if properly pursued, and the mixtures carefUlly made, there will be prompt relief! ; vt;r!.-7; i. • / OR, HOBSE DOCTOIU 45 I applica- ? mixture ake finely ». one pint Dur days : ture, well a day fot ley are » lar partN ly caused d feet on back too lin in the etimes a es or his i out of !8, which aken for ely, and A Sprain in the Shoulder. '/ half to f warm ►ins for le wool take it uake a pat a I then ether. ^Dd if there When the shoulder of a horse is sprained, he does not put out the leg like the other, but in order to ease it sets the sound foot firmly on the ground. When trotted in hand he forms a kind of circle with his lame leg, instead of putting it forward, and when he stands in the stable that leg is ad- vanced before the other. There is what is called a Shoulder-slip, which is worse than a Sprain. When this happens, the horse can neither lift his leg nor put it forward. You may know this by the shoulder-blade standing higher than the other ; but to dis- cern that, you must make him stand on the lame leg, for the leg he stands on will always appear a little higher than he other. The flesh will also shortly waste away from the shoul- der-blade, which is a sure sign of a Shoulder-slip. When this accident has taken place, put a tap in the lame side of the animal's breast, and blow the shoulder full of wind with a pipe. When you have rinded the skin to put the tap in, hold the skin fast to the pipe, and blow the part that you have rinded full, and let some one draw the wind up into the shoulder with ihe edge of his hand as far as the top of the shoulder-blade, and then put in the tap. or rowel, and stop the hole up well with tow and salve Give warm water for three days, and then open the place, stir the tap round, and rub the shoulder all over with the following linmient : 2 ounces of Spirits of Wiue. , i 2 ounces of Sweet OIL 2 ounces of Spirits of Sal Ammoniac. Shake them well together, rub the shoulder well with the mixture every third day for some time, and if the horse do not get better Avlth three or four times rubbing, use the following : 2 ounces of Oil of Turpentine. 1 ounce of Oil of Origanum. 1 ounce of Oil of BricliB. Shake these up together, rub all on at a time, and walk the horse about a little afterwards. When near the sea, swimming in the salt water is very proper, and I have known swimming in fresh water to be of great ul e, particularly in clear running streams. A sprain in the shoulder point requires nearly the same treatment as a slip, but you need not blow it. When it is attended by inflammation, cooling mixtures, such as extract of lead and water, must be used. But when a swelling or an inflammation takes place, it is mostly caused by a hurt, 46 THE COMFLETK FARRIER, or by a stroke from another horse. If there be no swelling, rub the shoulder point well with the following mixture every third day: 1 onnce of OH of Peter. '■'-," ■"' 1 ounce of Oil of Amber. ' • ' ; /.i^jf f: '-f.., 1 ounce of OH of Spike. • 1 t .1.^ ^jf., i^lj: i ti: -^^'.liffY.*! ounce of Oil of Bricks. ' ■:,;.,, ^i ,;■ ^ Shake these well together, and rub the shoulder point evey other day. If the horse be not better, take 1 ounce of OH of Turpentine. '..' '.',"' 1 ounce of Oil of Ori(^.^aum. • ' 1 ounce of Oil of Swallows. 1 ounce of Oil of Amber. Shake these together, and rub the shoulder point well with them every third day ; and if the horse continue lame, re> course must be had to blistering. i J : : ^ Sprain in the Coffin Joint. This is often a grievous disease, and it is difficult to dis- cover where the lameness is. It is often neglected till the point grows stiff, and then the horse pitches upon nis toe, and IS afraid of bearing any weight upon his foot. If you press with your thumb in the hole in the horse's heel, and upon the cornet of his foot, you will soon discover whether the hurt is in the Cotfin Joint. When people can not tell the cause of a horse's lameness, they often say that he has got sprained in the coffin. In my opinion it is better not to doctor a horse than to apply stuff to you know not what. If people would have a little pa- tience, most lamenesses would soon show themselves, espe- cially a Sprain in the Coftin Joint, for it would raise a ring round the corner of the foot, not much unlike a King-bone, but closer to the foot. The first thing to be done is to draw a little blood f^om the spurn vein, then mix an equal quantity of oil of bays, or oil of origanum, beat well together, and rub well all round, just above the hoof. Apply this for three or four days together, and if no better, you must have recourse to re- peated blistering. ; „ ,, A Sprain in the Baok Sinews. This kind of Sprain is more frequent among horses than any other, and is so common i^aat I need not describe it, but only inform you how to cure it. u it be recent, bathe the leg with a little hot vinegar, or veijoice, with a little saltpetre dissolved in it, and put round OB, BOnaX DOGTOK. it a proper bandage ; or, curriers' shavings, wetted with a composition made of vinegar, spirits of wine, and a little tar, and laid on the swelling with a pretty tight bandagp round them, will be of great use. Take it olf once a day, and soak the shavings again, or get fresh. Ii^uries of this kind must not be expected to bo removed immediately. Rest is absolutely necessary, and turning the horse out to grass would be of great service as soon as the swellng dis- appears, bnt not before. If these methods fail, the next thing is to blister ; for I have known blistering succeed when all the former have failed. The last thing to have recourse to, is firing ; and this must be done carefully, and by some experienced person. ■, a*^; y.tA -v *• I « ;,i/.f ■ '■■-rl.^.c •> . Sprains of the Knees and Pasterns. The knees are liable to many misfortunes besides sprains. The Speedy Cut ia done by striking one foot against the other leg. juat below the knee, and is frequently done by a horse that trots high. Sometimes it swells very much, and is taken for a sprain. Sometimes horses get kicked by others, or meet with some other accident which causes a swelled knee, which is sometimes bad to remove. A poultice, made as follows, and carefully applied to the part injured, will have a great tendency to remove the swelling : Take 4 ounces of Tar. 4 ounces of Spirits of Wine. 3 ounces of liogs' Lard. 'o.a Melt these together over a slow fire, and be careful not to set fire to them, and put in as much linseed-meal as will make them of a proper consistence. This is a very good poultice for many other kinds of swellings, and although but little known hitherto, 1 hope that it will he found of great service. If any substance be left which will not give way to this method, you must lay on a little blistering ointment. Lameness in the Stifle. The Stifle Is the tenderest part of a horse, except the eye. How many horses have lost their lives by misfortunes in thig part, and how many have been left lame by not being pro- perly cured ! A horse that is lame in the stifle generally treads on his toe, and can not set his heel to the ground without great pain and diffloulty. When you find this is the case, bathe the part well with warm vinegar ; and if a puny swelling appear, foment it well with a woolen cloth wrung out of hot vinegar, wormwood and rosemary, having 48 THK OOMl'LVTE rARRISB, added half a pint of spirits of wine to a quart of the decoc- tion. Let this operation be continued till the swelling is nearly gone. Owners of horses should watch closely for this lameness. They cannot be too careful of the feet of their animals. You should examine the feet of your horses frequently, and with much minuteness. When a horse has got a stroke and cut by the heel of his shoe, great care must be taken to keep out the cold air, and to keep him from drinking cold water, especially in winter time : for if the horse take cold, and an inflammation come on, tnere is reason to fear that death will follow. When you perceive that a horse has got a stroke and is cut through the skin, bathe it well with the following mixture : 2 onnces of Spirits ofWino. 1 ounce of Spirits of Sal Ammoniac. 1 ounco of Oil of Amber. Shake all well together, bathe the place well with it, and lay on a diachylon plaster with gum, in order to ep out the cold. If the horse grow very lame, and the i swell much, foment with the following : Take a handful each of "Wormwood, ' Elder Leaves, Camomile Flowers, Juniper Berries, Marsh mallow Leaves. f^ Boil in 3 gallons of Chamber-ley. ' ' If the above can not all be got, take double the quantity of juniper berries and camomile flowers, and foment for some time, as before directed ; and when you leave off fo- menting, nib with the above mixture. Be careful to wrap the part up warm, and as soon as it comes to matter, dress it with basilicon ointment. If any brown lee appear, syringe tincture of Benjamin, or balm drops, into the wound. When a callous substance, or proud flesh appea.j, eat it off witii red precipitate. These are the best ways of curing a horse that has got lamed in the stifle. Lameness in the Gup-Bone, or Whirlebone. A lameness in this part of the hip is discovered by the horse's dragging his leg after him, and dropping backwards on his heel when he trots. If the muscles of the hips only are injured, the lameness may be soon cured ; but if the lig- aments of the cup are affected, or relaxed, the cure is often very tedious ; and when the cup is full of glueish liquor, the cure is doubtfUl. I have known the ligament which holds the hip bone in the cup to be broken, and then the hip bone OR, HOBM DOurOI. 49 the [ards only lig- )ftea |, the Voids )one baa come loose ; but this seldom happens, and when it does, nothing can be done to relieve it when a horse is lame in tiie cup-bone, rub him wtU with the following mixture : .. ^..». v> ■ .' I onnce of Oil of Amber. ^ f ■ '■■^i ■.>;«'.•.„. 1 ounce of Oil of Briclcs. ' ' .... - l ^!)iVi> ht ounce of Oil of Origannm. 1 ounce of Oil of Torpentine. Shake these well up, mb one hlilf on the cnp, and the other half the third day. I have known this mixture remove the complaint when of long standing ; but if it fidl, you must try what blistering will do. The last thing to be tried is (firing. I have fired horses that have been lame above a year, and cured them by it It is very easy to fire a horse in this part Take the iron and make a circle, eight inches in diamete**, like a cart-wheel, with scores about an inch asunder. Cut neai;)y through the skin ; and if you do cut through in some places, it will be no worse. Then lay on the following c arge : 2 oonees of Oxycroneum. 2 ounces of Paracellia. 2 ounces of Red Dominion. 2 ounces of Burgundy Pitch. in !r'J Lt: . "f '^ ■* Melt these all together, lay them on pretty hot, lay a little wool, clipped short, on before it cools, and then a Utue water on to fasten all together. Sprains in the Fetlock, or anywhere in the limbs, may be treated in the same manner, and if the oils will not remove the substances, blisters will ; therefore I shall give you a recipe for a blister which is not only suitable for tiiose com» plaints, but for others where a blister is wanted. Take ^ onnce of Qnickiiilyer. ^ ounce of Venice Turpentine. '.* 7- 2 ounces of Flanders Oil of Bayh, .■:■ M Vk ounce of Onm Euphorbhun. ■■.•iltli' i^ 1 ounce of Spanish Flies. /t^My' 2 drams of OQ of Origanonib Rub the Venice turpentine and quicksilver well in a mor^ tar for some time, and then put in the oil of bays and mb for some time longer, till the quicksilver is quite billed. Powder, the gum and flies well, and mix them all together. When yon lay the blister on, rub it well against the hair to- get it to the bottom ; lay it on with a broad pointed knife, and cover it with a cloth, or the horse will get his mouth to it Tlds blis- ter will answer any purpose you want a blister for, bnt you must observe that there must be fifteen days between the times of laying it on. i ■—..»-.. J-. .^sU-,-- .«o THX COMPLSTK FABSIES, » .- , « 1 4- The Bone-SpavixL Although this is a common disorder among horses, jet it is little understood by either breeders or farriers. The Lone- spavin is a bony excrescence, or hard swelling, on the inside of the hock of a horse's leg, and sometimes owes its origin to kicks and blows, and sometimes to natural causes ; but in the former case it is much more easily cured than in the lat- ter ; and those that grow spontaneously on colts, or young horses, are not so bad as those that appear in horses that have arrived at their full strength and maturity. In old horses they are generally incurable. Sometimes the horse is very lame when the Spavin is first coming out, and when it has come out is better for some time, and then grows lamer again as tb<* bone hardens. I would advise you to apply a blister as soon as you have any suspi- cion that a horse is likely to put out a spavin, and to con- tinue blistering, every fortnight, for some time, by which means you may stop a Spavin in a young horse. Cuke. — Mild medicines should be used if the horse is young, as they will in a short time wear the tumor down by degrees, which is much better than trying to remove it at once by severer methods, which often have a very bad ef- fect, and produce wojse consequences than those they were intended to remove. But in fiill-grown horses other treat- ment is accessary. The following ointment is probably the best that can be used : 2 ounces of Cantharidea. 4 ounces of Mercurial Ointment . jA... :•'.!.; :^ . ' 3 ounces of Tincture of Iodine. ' .: 4 ounces of Turpentine. 3 drams of Corrosive Sublimateu Mix with 2 pounds of Lard. Cut off the hair flrom the part affected, and grease tho- roughly with the ointment thus made, rubbing it in well with the naked hand. Let it remain two davs, then grease the part with lard. In two days more wash it off with soap and water, and then apply the ointment again. Continue this till a cure is effected. By these means Bone-spavin may often be cured ; but when they fail, recourse must be had to firing. Before you fire a horse for the Bone-spavin, be careftil to take the vein out of the way, for it generally lies over the Spavin, and you can not fire deep enough to come at the cal- lous substance without its removal. In order to destroy the vein, cut a nick through the skin upon it, just below the Spavin, and another just above it, and put a crooked needle OB, HORSE DOCrOK SI thi3 may lad to I to pr the lie cal- )y the the Leedle under the vein, and tie both ends : then cnt the vein across between the tyings, both above and below, and you may either draw the piece of the vein out or leave it in. Let the iron you fire with be pretty sharp 5 cut four or five nicks upon the bone, and let the iron take hold of the superfluous bone, in order that it may waste away by mattering ; and when you have done, lay on some white pitch, pretty hot, and put a cloth round it to keep it on. In three days open the place and dress it with yellow basilicon. The Blood-Spavin, or Bog^-SpaviiL 1 Many farriers and horse-dealers divide this disease into ■ two heads, and give them diflferent names ; but to my certain knowledge they are both .one, fur I have proved it in many ways. A Blood-spavin does not come by breeding from spavined mares, nor by being got by spavined horses, as the Bone-spavin does ; but you may safely breed out of a Blood- spavined mare, or have the foals got by a Blood-spavined horse. In my opinion Blood-spavins are generally brought on either by Sprains, or hard labor when the horse is young, and sometimes when he is full-grown. The Blood-spavin, or Bog-spavin, is a dilation of the vein that runs along the inside of the hock, and forms a small soft swelling in the hollow part, which in time renders the creature lame, but seldom till the gelatinous matter becomes ropy, like melted glue in a bag, and ie situate on the inside of the hough. Sometimes it goes through the back part of the joint, and then it is called a thorough-pin. CuRR. — Soon as you discover the vein puffed up, or form- ing a bag, lay on some blistering ointment, and in four days after bathe the swelling well with hot vinegar, with a little saltpetre dissolved in it. Also put a bandage round it to disperse the swelling as much a s you can. If this method do not succeed, you must make two incisions in the skin lengthwise, as the vein nins, one just above, and the other just below the joint, and lay the vein bare : then put the end of a buck's horn under it, raise it up, and fasten it in both places with waxed thread : then cut the vein in two at both places, withii. the tyings, and if you think proper, draw the vein out. This method of proceeding will cure most Bog- spavins at the beginning. The Blood-spavin may also be cured by applying the same ointment uded in Bone-spavin, only it should be applied once in six days instead of once in four. This spavin ointment is very powerftil, and when properly used is the best ever invented. 1^ ^ THE CX>MrLirTE FARRIGC, r A Corb. This is a soft swelling that risss out of the joint on the back part of the hind-leg, just below the hock, and mostly lames the horse, besides being unpleasant to the eye. To cure it, strike a few holes into it with a pricker, made so as just to go through the tkin, then rub well with oil of origa- num, and blister as often as needful. If this will not answer, use the Spavin ointment once in six days. ^-'^ A Bingf Bone. <' This is so well known that I need not describe it, but only point out the remedy ; yet I must observe that a Sprain in tiie Coffin is sometimes taken for a Ring-bone, when it causes a rim to rise just above the foot. Ring-bones come out from the pastern, between the fetlock and the foot ; but if the pas- tern is long, they are nearer the foot. They will generally yield to the same method of cure as a Corb, especially if just coming out, but if not, use the Spavin ointment in same man- ner as in Bone-spavin, only do not apply it so often. Once in six days is often enough. Mallenders and SaUenders. The first is on the fore-leg, at the bend of the kned, and the last on the hind-leg, at the bend of the hough. They crack and throw out a thin brown matter, and sometimes, a hard scurf, or scab, which prevents the horse from bending the limbs which are afl'