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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichi, il est film6 d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 SELECTIONS w FROM THE PUBLIC DOCUMENTS OF THE PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA. iUTHLlSlIEl) UNDER A EESOLUTION OF THE IIOJSE OF ASSEMBLY PASSED MAKCII 15, 18G5. EDITED BY THOMAS B. AKINS, D. C. h., COMMISSIONEU OF PUBLIC HKCORDS. THK TUANSLATIONS FROM THE FRENCH BY BENJ. CURREN, D.C.L. HALIFAX, N. S., CHARLES ANNAND, PUBLISHER. 18 69. 2^50 CO ^,1 S/1Z4 PREFACE. The House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, on the 30th April, 1857, on the motion of the Honorable Joseph Howe, adopted the following resolution : " That His Excellency the Governor be respectfully request- " ed to cause the ancient records and documents illustrative " of the history and progress of society in this province, to " be examined, preserved and arranged, either " for reference " or ; -ublication, as the legislature may hereafter determine, " and that this house will provide for the same." In the following j'ear the Lieutenant Governor was author- ized by the Assembly to " procure from the state paper office, " in England, as recommended in the report of the Commis- " sioner of Records, copies of any dispatches or documents *' that may be found necessary to complete our files." In 1859, 4th April, by anoth )r vote of the house, he was em- powered to procure from the government of Canada, copies of such papers in the archives of Quebec as related to the early history of Acadia. In 1864 the work was so far advanced that upwards of 200 volumes of manuscripts had been selected, arranged, catalogued and bound, — comprehending copious selections from \he colo- nial documents in the state paper office in London, and from those at Quebec, orginally obtained from the archives of Paris. In 1865 the Assembly referred the annual report of the Commissioner of Records to the Honorable S. L. Shannon, J. Bourinot, and A. G. Archibald. This committee recom- mended the publication of a " volume of public documents! " to be selected by the Commissioner of Records, provided " the selections be contained in a single octavo volume of \: n PREFACE. " moderate Bhe"a,i\d " that such publication be proceeded ■" with without diBmy." This report was adopted by tlie house on the 15th March, 1866. In preparing this Volume, I have selected, as the portions of our archives which possess the greatest historicalvalue : — the documents relating to the Acadian French inhabitants and their removal from Nova Scotia, — to the encroachments of the French authorities of Canada on the territories of Nova Scotia, — to the siege of Fort Beausejour in 1755, and the war on this continent, which terminated in tha downfall of the French power in America, — the papers connef'ted with the settlement of Halifax in 1749, and the first British colonization of the province, — and, lastly, the oflBcial correspondence preparatory "to the establishmept of a Representative Government, in the year 1758. The expulsion of the French Acadians from Nova Scotia is an important event in the history of British America, and has lately derived peculiar interest from the frequent re- ference made to it by modern writers. Although much has been written on the subject, yet, until lately, it has under- gone little actual investigation, and in consequence, the neces- sity for their removal has not been clearly perceived, and the motives which led to its enforcement have been often misun- derstood. I have, therefore, carefully selected all documents in possession of the government of this province that could in any way throw light on the history and conduct of the French inhabitants of Nova Scotia, from their first coming under British rule, until their final removal from the country. The exact spelling of original letters and papers has been preserved as far as possible. I have appended a few biographical notes which may be found useful. There are yet many documents of value and interest among our archives worthy of publication. T. B. A. January, 1869. a^° e proceeded >}' the house ) poriions of value :— the its and their 'the French Scotia, — to ^^ar on this the French settlement ion of the •reparatory eut, in the 3va Scotia lerica, and Jquent re- much has las under- tho noces- d, and the en niisun- ocuments bat could ct of the t coming country, las heen PAPERS HELATIXO TO THE ACADIAN FRENCH. 1714-1755. may be t among B. A. r ''^. i\OVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Instructions for Mr. Peter Capooii, (Jomissy. and Engn. Thomcis Button, to jjrodaim His Mdjesti/ King George, att ye several ports of Mines, Shekenecto, Hive; St. Johns, Pasniacoih/, Penopscot, in the CoUo)i// of Nova Scotia or L'Accadie. [copy.] Wliorcafl l»y Lcttors from the most lionblo. his Majesties Privy CoiuumII, the Iionble. ye Lords Cominiss. of Trade and plantations, and ye Right honblc. Henry, Earlo of Bolling-broko, Seery. of State, and liis ExcUy. Genii. Nicholson, directing that his most Sacred Majesty, George, King of Great Britain, Prance, and Ireland, &c., be proclaimed in all the proper parts of this Govemtt. and, accordingly, that the same be done with all ye speed possible to the end, an acct. thereof may bo retni-ned them. You are hereby directed, Avith ye Sloop Caulfield, to proceed on the said service, the charge of which is to be born by ye Crown of Great Britain ; and you nre, at the Ports of Mines, Shekenecto, River St. Johns, Pasmacody, Penobscot, in ye Collony, to proclaim his ]\Iajesty King George in ye best manner You can ; allsoe, ye proclamation for con- tinuing oflicers in post. You are likewise to tender the oaths of Allegiance to ye french Inhabitants, with such English as you shall find, and administer ye same to such as are willing to take tliem in ye form prescribed, and will be Loyall and Good Subjects to his most Sacred Majesty, George, King of Great Britain, &c. You are to take care and inform ye selfe, at all those plases, liow ye Inhabitants stand affected to ye English Govemtt. ; ye nature of tlieire trade and the Reasons why they do not as usuall come into these parts and vend their commodities. As alsoe you are to make strict enquiry for and buy up what pork and other ])rovitions you can meet Avith (except corn), if you shuld think ye same fitt ye service in victualing this Garrison, which you are to send soe soon as possible by the speediest and most convenient opportunity. NOVA aCOTIA DOCUMENTS. In tlio Gxocution of iil) wliich you aro to procoiid without delay to inako quickowt dispatch, and rotuni iinituMliatoly when the servico Ih liiiinhed. Given at Tlis Majostie'H Garrison of Annai)olis Uoyal, this day of Jan., 1714-5, in tho first year of llis Majestie's Reign. Copy of a Letter from Mona. de Pontchartrainf Mimater of Marine at Paris, to Mom. D'lherviUe. (From a translation in the State Paper Offlcc, London. ) November 7th, 1714. Monsieur Soubras, Commissary, (At L'Islo Royalo, formerly called Cape Britono) Informs mo by his Letter of 22nd Sep- tember last, That upon his arrival he found that tho Sicurs de la Hondo and Captain de Pensens had been sent to Accadie, in two different Vessels — the first by Mons. I'lTermito, and the other by Mons. de St. Ouvide — upon occasion of tho com- plaints of the French inhabitants of Accadie, in order to obtain from the Governor, Mr. Nicholson, a free liberty to retire with their cattle and corn to Cape Briton. Mons. Pensens has leturned, and has sent over an account of his negotiations, by which it appears, That by Colonel Nicholson's permission, They assembled the people together, to know their intentions ; that upon requiring the term of one year, according to the 14 Artie, of the Treaty of Utrecht, to remain without molestation upon their Estates, They have been referred to the Court at London, As has also their desire of Transporting, during that time, their corn and cattle, of building Vessels, carrying off their effects, and of receiving from the French tackle and other necessaries, for such as shall build at Port Royal and elsewhere. Upon the demand of having an ordinance published for permitting the French to sell their Habitations, and leave letters of Attorney for that purpose, It was answered. It is referred to the Queen and to Her letter, which is an undoubted Guarantee. As Mr. Nicholson has promised expedition in all these matters, The King, who is informed thereof, Desires you would take such measures as you would Judge fit, to press the execution thereof, in such manner, That the King of England give with- out delay the necessary orders therein. I desire you would acquaint me with what has been done, that I may inform his. Majesty. ACADIAN FRENCH. (hpy of Letter from Lord Townshend to the Board of IVadc. Whitehall, 15th Novr., 1714. My Lords and Gentlemen, — Tlio EncloHccl Copy of a letter from Mons. Pontoliartrain to M. (l'll)orvillo, having hocii hiid b(3foro the Kinj;', It in His Majesty's pleasure, you should consider the contents thereof, and ro{)()rt your opinion, what may be proper to he dono therein ; Whereupon Ilia Majesty will give his further directions. I am, My Lords and Gentlemen, Your most humble Servant, TOWNSHEND. The Board of Trade, v Copij of Letter from Colonel Vetch to the Bight Ho nil Lords of Trade. The London, Novr. 2-±ih, 1714. My Lords, — In answer to Your Lordships Queries, delivered to me by Mr. iL\ jretary Popple npon the 23d of this instant, my most humble opinion is as follows : As to the number of familys of French Inhabitants in the countrys of L'Accady and Nova Scotia, by the best account I ever could get during the space of three years and more I had the honor to command there, they were computed to be about five hundred family's at the rate of five persons to a family; which makes two thousand five hundred souls. As to the next how many of them it is supposed will remove ; by the 'ast advices from thence, they had obliged themselves under their hands all to remove save two family's viz one Mr. Allen and one Mr. Gourday both of which had liv'd in New England formerly. As to the 3d Querie, how many family's may be upon Cape Breton is what I can't pretend to be so exact in. But accord- ing to the best advices, I could learn they are said to be now about five hundred familys besides the Garrison, Avhich I consider, consists of 7 companys already. The French King to encourage them to settle the place gives them eighte<^n months provisions, and assists them with ships, and salt, to carry on the Fishery : 'HI 6 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. As to the 4th what may be the conscqiienco of the French moving from Nova Scotia to Cape Brotton ; They are evi- dently tliese, First their leaving that country intircly desti- tute of inhabitants: There being none but French, and In- dians (excepting the Garrison) settled in those parts ; and as they have intermarried, with the Indians, by which and their being of one Religion, they have a mighty influence upon them. So it is not to be doubted, but they will carry along with them to Capo Brotton both the Indians and their trade, Which is very considerable. And as the accession of such a number of Inhabitants to Cape Bretton. will make it at once a very populous Colony ; (in which the strength of all the Country's consists) So it is to be considered, that one hundred of the French, who Avere born upon that continent, and are perfectly known in the woods ; can march upon snow shoes; and understand the use of Birch Canoes are of more value and service than five times their number of raw men, newly come from Europe. So their skill in the Fishery, as well as the cultivating of the soil, must inevitably make that Island, by such an accession of people, and French, at once the most T)owerful colony, the French have in America. And of the greatest danger and damage to all the British Colony's as well as the universal trade of Great Britain. ^' '■'' ■•^' * * As to the next question, which relates to the time of the French's removing from Nova Scotia, Avitli their effects : I am informed, several of them, who have no very great substance, are already removed thither, this summer ; and that the rest design to do so next summer, as 30on as their harvest is over, and grain got in ; As to the number of cattle, they may carry away, (if permitted) and what will be the consequences of the same, I have been informed when upon the place, that there may be about five thousand black Cattle, besides a great number of Sheep, and Hoggs, in all tliat country, the greater part of all which, no doubt they will carry off if permitted. The consequences of which are evidently these : First, It will Intirely strip that Colony, of the above cattle of all sorts, and reduce it to its primitive state ; To replenish Avhich at the same rate (it now is from New England the nearest Colony to it, which is one hundred and ten leagues) at a moderate computation of freight, only for the transportation of such a number of Black Cattle, and a proportionable number of Sheep and Hoggs, will cost above Forty thousand pounds ; besides the long time, it will require to stock that country. ****** ACADIAN FRENCH. As to the last Querie, That comes under my cognizancOy yiz., The consequence of allowing the French to sell their lands in those parts, First, as it would entirely disappoint the settlement of that valuable country, Because it is never to be supposed, that any person will go to buy land in a ncAV country, when in all His Majesty's plantations abroad, there is such encouragement, of land gratis, to such as will come to settle in them. 2ndly. It would bo a breach of the Public faith, contained in Her Majesty's Royal instructions, when the reduction of that place was undertaken, By which the lands are promised away to the Captors, for their encouragement to reduce the same. Nor is there any article in the trcfity of peace ; that entitles the French to any such privileges. Nay moreover, I am of opinion that by the treaty, the French inhabitants, are alloAved either to remove if they designed it, or at least to make a demand of the same, in a year's time after the ratifica- tion of the treaty, neither of which vras done. Nor would the inhabitants have offered to goo, had tliey not been not only importuned but threatened by the French oflTicers, in the French Kings name, to be treated as Rebels if tliey did not remove, AVhich how far that is consistent with the Treaty, is with the foregoing particulars most humbly submitted to Your Lordships consummate AVisdcm by May it please Your Lordships Your Lordships most humbly To Devoted Servant The Right Honorable The Lords of Trade, &c. SiR,- Lt. Govr. Caulfield to Secretary of State. (Govrs. Lett. Book.) Annapolis Royal, May ye 3rd. 1715. I hope by this time that mine of tlie 24th of Bembr. last is come safe to hand with ye account of my proclaiming his Most Sacred Majesty King Geo. Here inclosed are the trans- actions of Messrs. Button and Capoon, Gentlemen I sent on that occation to ye several ports and harbors in a sloop which ye season of ye year would not permit to go with my first, Save some few places to ye Eastward which have o'leady declared for ye french King, by which you will find that ye Inhabitants of this country, being most of them french refuse 8 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. '! the oaths, having as I am informed refused to quit this collonj intirely and to settell under ye french Govrmt. and I humblie desire to be informed how I shall behave to them ; The unhappy circumstances of this place obliges me to acquaint you that if some other methods be not taken than what lately have been, it will be impossible for this place to subsist the ensuing winter. The french who always main- tained this Garrison with corn are most of them quitting the Collony, especially atL Minos* the only grain plantation, So that in all probability we have noe prospect on their side, And as I am intirely destitute of any farther Credite at Boston in New England, occasioned by Genl. Nicholson, which may at this time prove detrimental to his Majesty's Service — having always endeavored upon my own creditt to serve ye Garrison to the utmost of my power, for I doe assure you that I have complyed with Genii. Nicholson's orders in all respects. Inclosed is the Commisserys return of quantity and sort of provitions and to what time each specie will bring the Gar- rison. I am now obliged to send a vessel to ye Gov'mcnt of New England to soUicito for provitions, therefore beg you will not take itt amiss that I apprise you of the difficulties wee labour under, that in case (which God forbid) any misfor- tune should happen I may not suffer, I am Sir '^ with all respect-^ Yr most obedt. humble Servant XTEOS, CAULPIELD. To ye Sectry. of State, ) James Stanhope, &c. ) Lt. Govt. Gaulfield to Board of Trade and Plantations. (Govs. Lett. Book.) Annapolis Eoyall, Novr. ye Ist, 1715. My Lords, — ***** 4f 4f I am now to lay before Your Lopps. my opinion in relation to ye french Inhabitants of this Collony, Avch. if they continue in this country, will be of great consequence for ye better improvement thereof; for as you will observe their numbers are considerable and in case they quitt us will still strengthen * Horton, in Kings county. X Tliomas Caulfield was Lt. Governor of the Fort of Annapolis Royal, under General Nicholson, from 1714 to 1717. ACADIAN FRENCH. d our enemies when occasion serves, by so much ; and tho' we may not expect much benefitt from, them, yet their children in process of time may bo brought to our constitution. And whorf as there are several well meaning people among them, We may always guard ourselves from any injury they can be able, if willing, to do us. I have always observed since my comeing here their forwardness to serve us when occasion offered And if some English Inhabitants were sent over, especially industrious labourers, tarr and pitch makers, car- penters and smiths it would be of great advantage to this Colony ; but in case ye frenoh quit us we shall never be able to maintaine or protect our English family's from ye insults of ye Indians, yo worst of enemies, wch. ye french by their staying will in a great measure ward olT, for their own sakes. Your Lopps will see by ye Stocks of Cattell they have at this time, that in tAvo or three years with due encouragement, we may be furnished with everything within ourselves. The Indians of Pennobscott, St. Johns'^*, and Cape Sables, trade chiefly on ye several coasts with furrs and feathers, who never come here but when necessity obliges them and ye reasons they assign arc that there is noe Kings Magazine here for them, as was in ye time of ye french, or as there is now at Cape Breton, v.cli : if there was they w^ould bring in all their peltcry to us and I believe would prove a great advantage, both in respect of trade, and as well ye. jchief means to bring them over to our Interest, by kindly using of them, on wch. foundation tlioir friendship is wholly founded, and great advantages would accrue thereby to ye Crown in particular and country in general. I herewith transmitt Your Lopps. ye. copy of a letter, I received from ye. Savages of Pennobscott, and St. Johns, wrote by their Priests and trans- lated in English with my answer to ye same. * * * I am now to inform your Lopps. that upon ye arrival of General Nicholson our late Govr. in these parts, I received several letters from him dated at Boston containing his request of my opinion relating to ye. Garrison and Country wch. I punctually answered. * • -sf * * At his arrival here the following Augt. he assured ye. Gar- rison of his favour and Interest tlio' at ye same time he stopt our pay att Home, injured our creditt att Boston by his ordrs obliged some of ye ffrench Inhabitants to quit yo. country, shutt ye gates of the Garrison against those that remained and declared them traytors, tho' he was convinced wee must i * River St. John. T m 10 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. subsi&t that Winter by them or perish ; for b)'- ye methods ho took when ho returned to Boston left us intirely unprovided in all respects. My Lords were I to relate the means and methods he took when here^ itt would bo too troublesome, there never having been anything proposed by him for either the service of country or Garrison, but a continued Scene of unpresidented methods taken to ruine Mr. Yetch or any other person who. interposed on that head. I must own 'tis with ye greatest reluctancy immaginablc that I am obliged to acquaint your Lopps. of ye frequent mis- behaviour of Capt. xlrmstrong of this (Jarrison towards several inhabitants here and by my next shall transmitt your Lopps^ the several complaints in behalf of ye said inhabitants. I shall endeavour from time to time to transmitt your Lopps.. the best accounts I may be able to procure relating to this Province and as well their proceediugs at Cape Bx'eton and am with great respect My Lords Your Lordsliips most obedient most obliged Immble Servt. T. CAULFIELD. To the Honrble the Lords Comrs. of Trade &c. Lt. Govr. Caulfeld io Board of Trade and Plantations. (Governor's Letter Book.) Annapolis IIoyal, May yo. IGth, 171G. My Lobds, — •i\- -;;■ •?.- * * ■?:- * The Island of St. Johns which tlio ifronch of this Collony seemed to like in case they were obliged to quit us, is intirely abandoned by those inhabitants who went there out of this Governmt. I reed, a letter from ye People of Minis of their resolution to continue in this Governmt. and are making all preparations for emprovement, as formerly, and they seem impatient to hear what is determined on their behalfs. I cannot omitt informing Your Lordshipps that there are no Courts of Judicature here established to decide any dispute that may happen amongst the Inhabitants wch. I formerly endeavored to accommodate to the satisfaction of W ACADIAN FRENCH. 11 botli party's, untill Genl. Nicholson* when hero irdered that I might exhibit my commission, that authori.ajd me to do Justice in Civil Alfairs, to wh. 1 aiiswered that as I had ye Honor to command in ye absence of ye Governor I should always endeavor to cultivate as good an understanding amongst ye people as possible believing the same essential for his Majtics Service, and tho' I had no Comn. for that effect Yett I held myself blamable to suffer Injustice to be done before me without taking notice thereof, having never inter- posed farther than by ye, consent of botli partys, and I huml)lio desire Your Lordshipps will direct some thing on that head. * * _ ^- -^ * * Your Lordships most obdt. most humble and oblioed Servt. 'O" TIIOS. CAULFIELD. To yo Rt. Honble. the Lords Comrs. \ of Trade and Plantations. j Lt. Govr. Cauljield to Secretary of War. (Governor's Letter Book.) Xbr. 24, 1716. Rt. Honble. Sr. ■^ "'^ * As to ye. number of the ftrencli Inhabitants, they are in ye. scvl. parts of the Colonic, according to our * Francis Js'icliolson was the first British Governor -f Nova Seotia. He received the appointment of Lieut. Governor of Nev Enfjhind, under Sir Edmund Andros, in ilie year 1(588. He was Governor of New Yorlc in IG^'J. and in llie 3'car following Lt. Governor of Virginia, in 1()92 lie was transferred to the government ot Maryland, and in 1098 sent hack to Virginia as Governor-in- Chief, at which time he held the rank of e(donel in the army. He was in command of the expedition against Canada, which encamped at Lake Cham- jjlain in the year 1700, and afterwards! proceeded to England to give an account of the failure of that enterprize. He returned to Boston in the following year, and was appointed to the command of the expedition against Port lioyal (now Annapolis Koyal), wiiich terminated in the surrender of that post to him by Suhercase, tiie French commander, on 2d Octr., 1710. His forces coujisted chiefly of four regiments of provincial troops, raised in New England, under Cols. Hobby, Whiting, and Walters. He returned to Boston after the capture of Port IJoyal, leaving a garrison there under (Jul. Vetch. He again proceeded to England to urge on Government tiie necessity of another attem])t upon Canada. Ho carried with him on this occasion five chiefs of the Iroquoi.s Nations, who wore presented to Queen Anne. He organized the second expedi- tion against Canada in 1711, which terminated so disastrously in the loss of Admiral Walker's fleet at the month of the River St. Lawrence, and had tho command of the forces then collected at Lake George, destined to attack Montreal simultaneously with those under General Hill, which were to proceed up the River against Quebec. He became eventually Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in America, and a Lieutenant General. fl! U! 12 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS* l!i! best information about 900 or 1000 able men, of wliicli fiaving upon ye. receipt of ye. letter, again summoned those of this Slace to take ye. oaths*, and declare theire sentiments and ispositions to his majties Governmt, I herewth send you theire answers to me on yt. head, and shall enquire as soon as ye. season of ye. Year will permitt into ye. dispositions of those in ye. remoter parts. And at present presume to inform you that my sentiment of them is very much altered from my former believe yt. they are all of one opinion and that from theire trifling argumtt there is but little dependence on their friendship, tho', at the same time I am persuaded it will be wth. reluctancy they leave the Country, most of those wlio had formerly gone being again returned, but for ye. better improve- ment of ye. country p]nglish Inhabitants are absolutely neces- sary. * * * * * * Rt. Honble Sir Yr. most Obdt. Servt, &c ' • To ye. Rt. Honble. ) T. CAULFIELD. Secretary of War. f Lieut. Governor Doucette to Secretary of State. (Got. Lett. Book.) Annapolis Royal Novr. ye 5, 1717. Sir,— Soon after my arrival here which was on the 28tli day of the last month, I was informed that the French Inhabitants had never own'd his Majesty as Possessor of this his conti- nent of Nova Scotia and L'Acadie.f General Nicholson appears to have possessed much influence with the In- dians of the Five Nations, with whom he had frequent intercourse durinj;? the frontier wars. His Indian name was Annadiigarriax. General Nicholson con- tinued to hold the post of Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Nova Scotia from 20th Octr,, 1712, to August, 1717, when he was succeeded by Governor Philipps. He revisited Nova Scotia in 1714, but did not remain long in the country. In his absence the command devolved on Cols. Hobby, Vetch, and Mr. Caulfield, successively as Lt. Governors of the Fort. — N. S. Documents ; N. York Col. Doc, vols. 6 and 9; Murdoch's N. S., vol. 1; Garneau's Hist. Canada, 2d vol. * See Govr. Mascarene's letter to Govr. Shirley, fith April, 1748. t By the fifth article of the capitulation of Port Royal to General Nicholson in 1710, it was declared that " the inhabitants within a cannon shot of Port Royal ** should remain upon their estates, with their corn, cattle, and furniture, dur- " ing two years, in case they should not be desirous to go before — they takingf ♦* the oatl',8 of allegiance and fidelity to her sacred Majesty of Great Britain." This was declared by the General to extend three English miles around the Fort. Queen Anne's letter of 1718 extended the right to all the inhabitants of Acadia without limitation of time. ACADIAN FRENCH. 13 I therefore sent a summons to the people that were in this neighborhood to signe one of the papers inclosed, Avhich if they complied with, I promised them they should have the same Protection and Liberty as the otlier of his Majesty's sub- jects had liere, if not I could by no means lett their vessels pass this Fort, to trade or fisli on the coast, upon which they drew uj) the other paper enclosed which I could have been glad to have sent you in a cleaner manner, but the ship that brought the provisions being ready to sail, I had not time to get another signed, I find abundance inclinable to sign rather than lose the profitt they make in the fishing season, and I do veryly believe all would become subjects to His Majesty were it not for the Priests that are amongst them, who have, from the misserry that I and our poor Soldiers have been reduced to for want of money and all sorts of necessary's, and seeing tlie Fort so much run to ruin, for the same reasons they have taken it as a means to inculcate a notion amongst the fronch inhabitants, that the Pretender will be soon settled in England and that this country will again fall into the hands of the french King ; which sentiments they not dareing to own, they turn their disobedience to His Majesty to a dread of the Indians which is impossible, for the Indians here are intirely ruled by the french, and are used by them in no other manner but like slaves, so that with submission Sir, if orders could be procured to be sent from France to the Governors of Canada and Cape Breton to and severely punish any Indians or others, the french who shall insult the people of Nova Scotia or Lacadie who live under the protection of his majesty, and that a copy of such order be sent to this Garrison and others dispersed amongst the french Inhabitants, that now live in Nova Scotia and Lacadie, it would certainly be a mean's for the inhabitants to become Subjects to his Majesty, and convince them of one error amongst the millions their Priests dayly lead them into, after which we might hope that the country about us which has been neglected (ever since the reduction of this Place) would be again improved 80 far that we might not longer want grain, cattle and other necessarys as wee do at present. * * * * Your honors Most obedient and most : humble servant to command, *J. DOUCETTE. * John Doucette succeeded Thos. Cauifield as Lt. Governor of the Fort of Annapolig, under Nicholson, in 1717, and continued to hold office under his successor, General Philipps, until the year 1726. On the 2l8t. September of. ^- 14 JIOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. ^i i i i i Go;py of the Declaration sent to the French Acadians for Signd^ ture, inclosed in the foregoing Letter to the Secretary of State and War. Weo tho french Inliabitants whoso names arc unclor written now dwelling in Annapolis lloyal and tho adjacent parts ot' Nova Scotia or Lacadie formerly subjects to the late french King who by tlio Peace concluded att Utrecht did by '•Articles therein deliver up the whole country of Nova Scotia and Lacadie to the late Queen of Great Britain, weo doe hereby for the aforesaid reason and for tho protection of us and our Familys that sliall reside in Annapolis Royall or the adjacent parts of Nova Scotia or Lacadie, now in possession of his most saored Majesty George, by tho Grace of God King of Great Britain, and doe declare that we acknowledge him to be the Sole King of the said Country and of Nova Scotia and Lacadio and all the Islands depending thereon and we likewise doe declare and most solemnly swear before God to own him as our Sovereign King and to obey him as his true and Lawfull subjects in Witness whereof we sett our hands in the Pre- that year his name appears on the Council Books under that of Lawrence Armstrong, then appointed Lt. Governor of the Trovince. Tlie last meeting ,of the Council which he attended was on the 10th November fo'lowing. * The 12th article of the treaty, made at Utrecht between Anne, the Queen of Great Britain, and Louis the 14th, King ot l^rance, is as follows : " Tlie most Christian King shall cause to be delivered to the Queen of Great Britain, on the same day on which the ratifications of this treaty shall be exchanged, solemn and authentic letters or instruments, by virtue wliereof 'it shall appear that the island of St. Christopher is to be possessed hereafter iby Britisli subjects only; likewise that all Nova Scotia or Acadie, compre- hen(Jed within its ancient boundaries ; as also the city of Port Itoyal, now tailed Annapolis Royal, and all other things in these parts which depend on the said lands and Islands, together with the dominion, property and posses- sion of the 6uid islands, lands and places, and all riglit whatever by treaties, or any other way attained, whicli the most Christian King, tlie Crown of France, or any tke subjects thereof, have hitherto had to the said islands, lands and places, and to the inhabitants of the same, are yielded and made over to the Queen of Great Britain, and to her crown for ever; as the most christian King doth now yield and make over all the said premises, and that in such ample n.anner and form that the subjects of the most christian King shall hereafter be excluded from all kind of fishing in the seas, bays, and other places on the coasts of Nova Scotia, that is to say, on those coasts which lie towards the East, within thirty leagues, beginning from the island commonly called Sable., inclusively, and thence etretching along towards the South West.' 14th Article.—" It "is expres«ly provided that in all the said places and colo- nies to be yielded and restored by the most Christian King in pursuance ol this treaty, the subjects of the said King may have liberty to remove themselves, within a year to any other place, as they shall think fit, together with all their iisnDvablc effeet8< But those who axe wiUing to remain there, and to be subject ARABIAN FRIONCH. 15 9cnce of John Doucctt his Majesty's Lieut. Governor of Anna- poHs JRoyal this day Lord 17i7. of in the year of Our Copy of the answer to the above Declaration, sent to the Secre- tary of State. [Translated from the French.] We the undersigned inhabitants of Acadie, according ""o tlic orders which the Lieutenant Governor lias been pleased to cause to be published on the part of King George viz. that we have fully to declare ourselves regarding the oath of fidelity which is demanded of us in the said orders, humbly entreat Mr. John Doucette our Governor, to be pleased to consider, that we constitute but a small number of the inhabi- tants. We therefore respectfully request him to assemble the deputies of the other colonics of Minas, Beaubassin and Cobe- quid, with ourselves, in order that we may answer the demands that have been made on us, as we are instructed that they are now made for the last time. to the Kinftdom of Great Britain, are to enjoy the free exercise of their reli- gion according to the usage of the Church of Rome as far as the laws of Great Britain do allow the same." Treaty signed 11 April 1713. (31 March, Old style.) I-ETTER OF QUEEN ANNE. Anne R. Trusty and well beloved, we greet you well. "Whereas our good brother, the most christian King, hath, at our desire, released from imprisonment on board his galleys, such of his subjects as were detained there on account of their professing the Protestant religion. We being willing to show by some mark of our favour towards his subjects how kind we take his compliance therein, have therefore thouglit fit hereby to signify our will and pleasure to you, that you permit such of them as have any lands or tenements in the places under our government in Accadie and Newfoundland, that have been or are to be yielded to us by virtue of the late treaty of peace, and are willing to -continue our subjects, to retain and enjoy their said lands and tenements without any molestation, as fully and freely as other our subjects do or may possess their lands or estates, or to sell the same, if they shall rather choose to remove elsewhere. And for so doing, this shall be your warrant, and so we bid you heartily farewell. Given at our court at Kensington, the 23rd day of June, 1713, and in the 12th year of our retgn. By her majesty's command, (Signed) DARTMOUTH, •Superscribed, To our trusty and well beloved Francis Nicholson, esquire, governor of our province of Nova Scotia or Accadia, and general and com- mander-in-chief of our forces, in our said province and in New- foundlaud in America. !fj!' , M Ml'' iiil !|lH, 'M I rm 16 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. For the present, wo can only answer, that wo shall be ready to carry into effect the demand proposed to us, as soon as his Majesty shall have done us the favor of providing some means of sheltering us from the savage tribes, who are always ready to do all kinds of mischief, proofs of which have been afforded on many occasions since the peace, thoy having killed and robbed several persons, as well English as French. Wherefore we pray his Excellency to consider tliis, and to represent to his Majesty the condition in which we are. That unless we are protected from these savages, we cannot take the oath demanded of us witliout exposing ourselves to have our throats cut in our houses ut any time, which they have already threatened to do. In case other means cannot be found, wo are ready to take an oath, that we will take up arms neither against his Britannic Majesty, nor against France, nor against any of their subjects or allies. Such, Sir, is the final opinion which the inhabitants take the liberty of presenting to your Excellency, as they are not able to act otherwise at present. Signed by all the inhabitants in this neighborhood. Governor PhUipps to Board of Trade. (Gov. Letter Book.) Boston N England Jan. 3d 1719. * * # My Lords,— * * I am gladd to heare that some of your Lordships have been ut the Court of France to settle the affaires of these Countryes, which was absolutely necessary for the peace and safety thereof and could not be managed by better hands : and yet , after all that your Lordships may have done, there will ever remaine a great obstruction to our happiness, whilst the Priests and Jesuits are among us : for it is not to be imagined with what application they incourage the ff'rench and Indians against submitting to his Majesty's Government, and even their Sermons are constant invectives against the English Nation, to render it odious to the Natives. Among this Tribe! are Fere Vincent and Felix who distinguish themselves fori most inveterate Enemyes to the Brittish Interest, and precidel in the quallity of Governors over Minas and Chignecto, two! most considerable settlements in Nova Scotia. The people! ! ^^ ACADIAN FRENCH. 17 pay them a willing obedience and are growne so insolento, as to say they will ncitlier swearo allegiance, nor leave the Country. This I can affirme to your Lodspps. to be tlie pre- sent state of these Settlements, hoAV far they may cliange their sentiments at my arrival among them is unccrtaine. I shall not fail to publisli the King's gracious intentions towards them, and, endeavour to convince them, they are acting against their own Interest, but the best argument will bee a reinforcement of Troops, for they are not ignorant that the Garrison of Annapolis consisting of but five Compos upon a low Establisliment Avill not admit of a considerable detachment to be sent against them ; and tho' force need not be made use of but as the last remedy, it is my liumlfc opinion, tliat I should luive orders to move three Compauy-i fortlnvith from Placentia, whicli are not wanted- there, tha remaining part being sufficient to carry on tho small work entended there, and at the same time the Engineer have direction sent him to rase a fortifycation to contain two Compsmys, Avitli a few Cannon in a convenient scituation for keeping those neigh- bouring settlements in obedience for they are computed at above four hundred familys, and tis observed they multiply exceedingly, and likely in a few years, to become a numerous people, and therefore (with submission) this is the time to take care of them. # * * * * I must farther acquaint your Lodsps that the ffrench from Cape Breton have continued their ffishing last season at Cansoe, under a guard of soldiers, intending that for their chief settlement, if their pretended right could be made out. It is by all accounts the best and most convenient fishery in any part of tho King's dominion, the People from the West of England have found great satisfaction in the place, and will return Avith many ships in the spring. * -;<- * ■» ■» Your Lordspps Z" , most humble and most ■ obedt servant ^- 11. PIIJLIPPS. To the Rt llonble the Lords Commissrs for Trade &c. * General Richard Philipps, Governor of Nova Scotia, was born in the year 16G1. When a young man he is said to have been employed in distributing the manifestos of the Prince of Orange (William III.) among the troops «ncamped at Hounslow, for which service he was made captain. He served at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690, became Lt. Col. of foot m 1712, and received the appointment of Governor of Nova Scotia, by commission from King George •SlwraiWI 18 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTO. To the Right Honorable the Lord Carieretf Hia Majesty^a Prin- cipal Secy, of State. The aituation and atate of Hia Majeatifa province of Nova Scotic ia humbly repreaented. # # * # * Upon the Isthnma which joins the East and West parts of the Province, and is in breadth in some places Six, and in others Ton or Twelve Leagues, most of the French inhabi- tants have their settlements. Those are divided into Four Colonies, in number about 500 Families, besides another settle- ment of 100 Families about Annapolis Royal. The Fort of AnnapoHs Royal stands upon a river flowing into the Bay of Fundy from the Eastward, twenty leagues below the Isthmus, and thirty from Cape Sables but has no communication by land with those settlements tho' not diffi- cult to be opened when it may be more convenient then at present. The Garrison there consists of five companies amounting in the whole to 200 men, exclusive of commissioned officers. There are (besides the aforementioned French set- tlement) about ten or twelve families of English, who live together in a small Fauxbourg, under cover of the Fort. * * * The French who are settled on the Isthmus, and the River .of Annapolis Royal (as before related) are the old inhabitants li ! ! I ' 'IM; Ist, dated 17th August, 1717, and afterwards the Government of Placentia, in Newfoundland. He arrived at Annapolis in the year 1720, and returned to England in 1722. He again visited Nova Scotia, and after inducing the Aca- dian French of Annapolis River to take the oath of allegiance to the British Government, he finally returned to England ahout 1731, leaving Mr. Doucette in command of the Fort. From his correspondence with the Government authorities, and other documents among the archives of the Province, he appears to have been in the early pari of his career a very active and intelli- gent Governor. During the latter part of his life, which was spent in England, ,he apparently took very little interest in the affairs of the Province; and the regiment quartered at Annapolis and Canso, of which he was colonel, became ,Rt last 80 destitute of clothing, that his lieutenant colonel, Mr. Armstrong, wa» compelled at his own charge to furnish them with necessary supplies. — .(Armstrong's .letter to Secretary of State.) Governof Cornwallis, on his arrival in 1749, found the companies of thi» regiment reduced to about thirty men each, and supplies furnished for twenty^ six men only in each company ; and there were batten or twelve great coat» .in the whole corps, which in winter were exchanged by the men on relieving guard. Cornwallis observes, in his letter to the Secretary of State, that " no regiment in any service was ever reduced to the condition in which he found this unfortunate battalion," and that the General should be censured for his conduct regarding it. Philipps, in his memorial to the Secretary of State jregarding the appointment of a Lt. Governor during bis absence from the ACADIAN PIIENCH. 19 greatly multiplied since the surrender of the Province to the Crown of Great Britain, at which time it was stipulated in their behalf, to have their choice either to remain in the Province, if they would transfer their allegiance, or in case of the alternative, to dispose of their Estates and EiFccts to the best advantage ; to determine which, one year's time was allowed thorn ; luit at the expiration thereof, finding their now masters in no condition to oblige them to the observance of one or the other, they have remained upon their possessions in contempt of the Government, waiting the opportunity of a rupture between the two Crowns to re-establish their former Government, and in the mean time are daily in secret, inciting the Indians to robbery and murder, to the destruction of trade and hindoranco of settling the country. They are seated on a fertile soil, and raise great store of corn, and cattle, with which and their furs, they traffic at pleasure with the neigh- bouring French Colonies at Cape Kreton, and Island St. John's ; * and have refused supplies to the Garrisons in the greatest necessity. ***** R. PHILIPPS. province, mentions his having Imd command of one of the oldest regiments in the service, which he had purchased for 7,000 guineas, and his having been induced at the request of the ministry in 1718 to exchange it for the Govern- ment of Nova Scotia with tlie salary of £1,000 per annum, and the colonelcy of the new regiment then lately raised and stationed in Nova Scotia ; and as an excuse for his parsimony, he mentions that his agent or paymaster had become a defaulter to the extent of £10,000, which he had been compelled to make good. On his return to England in 1731, he recommended Lt. Colonel Armstrong to be appointed Lt, Governor of the Province, and during his absence to receive half the salary. On the death of Armstrong, in order that no further deduction should be made from his pay, he requested that the office of Lt. Gover- nor should not bo continued, but that the Lt. Governors of the Fort should admin- ister the Government of the Province, which they ever after were compellbd to do without any additional pay — the General being permitted to remain in England and receive the whole salary of Governor until 1749. He was then succeeded by Governor Cornwallis, and was given the 38th Regiment, late Dalzell's, in exchange for that stationed in Nova Scotia, to the command of which Cornwallis was appointed. This regiment had been stationed for more than 30 years in the Province. It was formed in 1717 or 1718 from the Arueri- can independent companies, and had never been in England. Gen. Philippg died in 1751, at the age of 90 years. He was the grandson of Sir John Fhilipps, of Pictou Castle, in Wales, who was created a Baronet in 1621. Govr. Fhilipps left one son by his first wife, Captain Cosby Philipps, some time Secre- tary at Annapolis. — Governor's Letters, N. S.. Archives ; Murdoch's Hist. N, 8. vol. 1, p. 361 ; New ITork Colonial Documents^ Burke's Peerage and Baronetage. * Now Prince Edward Island. 3S I i I ■! !' ii; 20 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. At a Council held at the Honble. Lieut. Governor's House in His Majesty's Garrison of Annapolis Royal upon Friday the 29th April 1720. Pkesent His Excellency the General, The Honble. Lieut. Governor, Major Lawrence Armstrong, Major Paul Mascarenc, Th(3 Revd. John Harrison Esqr., Cyprian Southack Esq., Arthur Savage Esq., John Adams Esq., Hibbert Newton* Esq., William Skene Esq., William Shirreflf Esq., Peter Boudre Esq. His Excellency read that part of his instructions relating to the French inhabitants of this Province taking tlieir Oaths to his sacred Majesty King George, and a copy of the former Oaths and subscriptions of the French inhabitants of this Pro- vince to Queen Anne at the time the late Sr Charles Hobbey was Lieut. Governor of this Garrison was also read, advised and ordered, That His Excellency be desired to send up an order to the French inabitants of this river to choose six persons to repre- sent the whole body of the Inhabitants ; and to act . in behalf of the whole and that the said order be drawn up by a com- mittee of Council to be laid before this Board at their next sitting in order for His Excellency's approbation and signing; that Paul Mascarene, John Harrison, Cyprian Southack, and Hibbert Newtcn Esq., be the said Committee. ^>. PHHJPPS. Advised and ordered. That a Committee be appointed to inspect tlie papers of the late Governor Caulfield relating to the French inhabitants, That the Honble Lieut. Governor, Lawrence Armstrong P^sq., John Adams Esq., and William Shirou Esq., be the said com- mittee, and that they lay before this Board at their next sitting all such papers as they shall think for the service of this Government, and particularly those relating to the Oaths of the French inhabitants of this Province formerly taken by any of them. ^ PHHJPPS. At a Council held at the Honble. Lieut. Governor's house in His Majesty's garrison of Annapolis Royal upon Saturday Ihe 30th April 1720 a. m. * Hibbert Newton was Collector of the Customs at Annapolis and Canso. lie was a native of Massachusetts — the only son of Mr. Thomas Newton who came out to America from England in 1G88, and was some time Attorney General and Comptroller of the Customs at Boston. Hibbert Newton was father of Mr. Henry Newton, Collector at Halifax, and a Member of Council in 17G1. ACADIAN FRENCH. 21 avornor, Present His Excellency the General, the Honble. Lieut. Governor, Major Lawrence Armstrong, Major Paul Mascarene, The Revd. Jolm Harrison, Esq., Cyprian Southack, Esq., Arthur Savage, Esq., John Adams, Esq., Hibbert Newton, Esq., William Skene, Esq, William Sheriif,Esq, Peter Boudre,Esq. A report of the Committee appointed to draw up an order to the French inhabitants of this river vizt that they had drawn up said order which was delivered in read and appro- ved of. Advised and Ordered, That the said order be translated into French and sent up the river to said inhabitants ; to choose six persons to repre- sent the whole body of the French inhabitants of this river. R. PHILIPPS. A letter from His Excellency the General to Father Justinian Durands (a Popish Priest) was read and approved of to be sent up the river Avith the aforesaid order. A report of the Committee appointed to inspect the papers of tliis Government relating to the French in]ial)itants vizt. that they had found several papers relating to the French inhabitants particularly the Oatlis they had taken to Her late Majesty Queen Anne which were delivered in read and advised on. [COPY.] To the Inhahitants of Menis and Places Adjacerd. I do now hereby send his Majesty my masters commands to you in the inclosed Proclamation, by which you may see the great good will he bears towards you, by granting in the same to those who shall become subjects, tlie free exercise of their Religion, with their estates ensured to them and posterity and all their Civel Rights. And as their is so strickt, and inviolable friendship between the two Crowns, 1 think it a duty incumbent upon mo to exhort and invite you to take hold of this opportunity of ansAvering his ^Majesty's just demands in takeing your Oaths of Allegiance and lidelity to his sacred Person, under Avhose Gvornmcnt you live.. Likewise since he has so graciously condescended to let you injoy what you seem to think most precious, your Religion, and upon your so doing I do further assure you of my pro- tection and friendship. m ;'l !H 92 NOVA SCOTIA D0CTJMENT8. I expect your answer at Annapolir: by Father Felix and four of the Inhabitants chosen from amongst you, whorae you may direct to represent what you have further to say, and in case you shall not agree in your choice, I do hereby name Alexander Bourg, James Leblang, Paul Mallenson and Peter Brow to bo the persons, and order you to have this Proclama- tion together with this letter read publickly, and in the hearing of as many of the Inhabitants as can be gathered together, and of Capt: Blin and the rest of the English in your parts. I am your friend ready to serve you RICH'D PHILIPPS. Annapolis Royal Apll 28th 1720. [copy.] To the Inhabitants of OJiegnecto*. [The same as above, with this paragraph added.] And to shew my reaclyness to serve you, have permitted the Bearer hereof to transport from Menis, 'e King my Master, who thinking it high time to provide ft- . li- welfare and security of these his dominions, has com- ACADIAN FRENCH. 27 manded me to declare his Eoyal will and pleasure, to the frencli Inhabitants thereof, wch I have done by proclamation, a copy of which I have the honour to enclose to you, with the intent only that you may be acquainted witli his Majesty's great goodness and gracious indulgence to these people as therein expressed. And as nothing less might reasonablj' be expected from them than a quiet submission to the terms prescribed as being grounded upon Solemn Treaties acknov/ledged and ratifyed by his Most Christian Majesty, and agreable both to reason & justice, it will be very surpriseing to his Majesty to hear that instead thereof, they are indeavoureing at this time to disturb the peace of this Government, by practiseing with the Savages to assemble together upon this occasion, to assert their native rights to this country, in opposition to that of his ^lajesty which I am inform'd they intend to do in a disorderly manner, the fatal consequences thereof, in case hostilitys should begin, must inevitably tend to tlie confusion of the contrivers. That the french Inhabitants are these very persons is too plaine from several expressions they have drop'd to that purpose, as that they wish we may part friends &c. also from some marks of contempt they have lately shewn to my authority and that which gives me a greater suspicion of some rash and evil design is the abrupt departure of Pere Justinian their Missionary who never was known before to absent himself without the knowledge & permission of the Governor. As for my parte I have given them as many proofs of kind- ness k the lenity of my Government as opp.os have offered within the little time I have been among them, but as they have been alwayes taught by their Priests to look upon themselves as subjects of France, and to observe the direction & Council of the Isle Royalle*, they have now asked my consent to send their deputy's thither for your advice in this matter, which they think to be of the last consequence to them, to which I have the more readily condisended, as not in the least doubting but that you are perfectly acquainted with the intentions of the most Christian King, to preserve inviolably the strict alliance offensive & defensive betwixt the two Crownes, and therefore will make no other use of the power & influence you have with these people, than to persuade to take such measures as may tend to their own good, and at the same time to preserve the peace & tranquillity of these Countrys, and I cannot help thinking that whatever happens * Cape Breton. m H 28 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. in this affair, whither good or evil will naturall}'- bo construed the effect and consequence of your Council. 1 have nothing further to add but to assure Monsr. St. Ovido of my perfect esteem & that I shall always make it my business to cultivate a good understanding with him - sent lour Ships this Sununer, with two hunchoil lainilioH with provisions stores and niatoriiils for the ereeting' a fort and makiu}:; a st tthnnent on the Ishuid St. Johns*, which lies in the Bay of Vertt^, ])art of the (Julph of St. liawrence, part of wiiich Island (which is nmir fifty leagues long) is but at throe or four leagues distance from the main, an(i six in all from Chignecto. When this settlement is made by the French, they will from thence conunand all the Trade antl carry a greater sway, over all the J3ay of Fnndy, than the English, who are the undoubted ownera but have only the name of possessors of it, till such measures are taken as are here huml)ly |)roposed. For it is to be reiiKMubered, that each of these placi;s have a French Pojiish Missionary, who is the real chief Connnander of his Hock, and receives and ttikes his connuands from his superiors at Cape Breton. Tlie lesser settlements on this J^ay, and other ])arts of this Government shall be referred to ant)ther opportunity and at this thue, the most material of all shall only be touched upon vi/, Cansoe is an Island with several other leas ones adjoining, lying at a small distance from tlie Main, and at South Fast and North West from the Passage which boars the same name and se|)arates the Island of Cape Breton from the main Conti- nent. This place has been K)und so convenient and advan- tageous for catching and cureing Cod Fish that of late it has been the resort of numbers of English, as it was of French before the seizure made by Captain Smart in His Majesty's Ship Squirell. This stroke was so grevious to the French, who were concerned in this loss, amongst which were some of the principal Ofiicers of Cape Breton, that seeing they could not obtain the satisfaction thev demanded, they have been all at work all this Spring, and incited the Indians to assemble at Canso and to surprise the English who were securely fishing there, (and did not expect such treatment) and having killed and wounded some and drove olf the rest to Sea. By moans of this hurry and confusion whilst the Indiana wore plundering the dry good the French wore robbing the liah and transporting of it; a' , till the English having re- covered themselves sent a^ e them, and seized several of their shallops and shareways, laden with English fish and other plunder, and made the robbers prisoners, and pursued * r. £. Island. ACADIAN FnENCII. 49 of con- Ho by ir, with •iiilH for iiuid St. \i\\)\\ of o niiiin, is imido Tnulo [y, than ,vo ou!y ;,akon aw •od, that iry, wlio IV OS and I. ^ of this y and at lod upon d joining, ith East no nanio in Conti- i advan- it lias Fronch lajesty'a Fronch, sonio of oy could been all oniblo at y firthiug ng killed Indiana (bing the Lving re- jvcral of fish and pursued tho retreating Indians and took two of thoin also prisoners. Had it not beiMi for this crnption twenty tliousand QuintalH of dry cod lish this season woidd have been ox])ortod out of this phice, and the returns arising tliereby, very consi(U'rabh) to Great Britain. This is suHieient to sliow the necessity o\ supporting the British suhjecls, whom the advantiige of the; Kisliery will draw every year, and indnci^ to settle in this j)lace, if they can bo secured from the like insults by a Ship or armed Sloop coun- tenancing them in sununer, and a Fort and (Jjirrison protect- ing them in wint(>r. This if enconruged is very lik' Icnown, which I earnestly beg Your Grace will please to send me with directions how to proceed as well in regard to them as the other Inhabitants whom the Council has thought tit to debar from Pishing, pursuant to his late Majesty's instructions, Art. 13, and from Navigating otherwise than according to law. Pursuant to the order of His Majesty's most Honble. Privy. Council and tiie directions of the Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations, to proclaim His Majesty in all tho proper parts of tho (government, I have chartered a vessel for that voyage for .£100 Sterling, and have put on board a Com- missioned Oflicer with a command of Soldiers, who after a long and uncomfortable Voyage is now returned. I cannot say but the gentleman has acted very well as far as the pro- claiming of His Majesty, but in tendering the Oaths he has fallen into very great errors by making some unwarrantable concessions whicli I have refused to ratify, but the Council has thought meet to transmit home a Copy No. G, of his whole proceedings for Your Graces perusal, that His Majesty may see the presumption and unparallclled impudence of those people. 1 have within these few days received advice by an express sent me by the Lieut. Governor of New England of some murders and other hostilities committed on His Majes- ty's subjects by some Indians within 15 leagues of Canso, and by a letter from Monsieur 8t. Ovide, of their having seized a Sloop and Cargo at Port le Basque in Newlbundland. * * * * Notwithstanding the French Governor's apolo- gy I am convinced that the French are at tho Bottom con- cerned in order to disturb and discourage our Fishery. * * * The Military Officers, who are the only subjects His Majesty has luM'c who arc any ways qualified for that service, (Coun- cillors) will think it hard to be subjected to others, since His Majesty has not three faithful subjects in the place besides themselves and the Troops they command. Your obt. servant, L. ARMSTRONG. Governor Armstrong to the Duke of NewcaMle. Annapolis Royal July 9th 1728. My Lord, — * * * * I beg leave further to observe to Your Grace that the great lenity of the Government is in some measure the cause of the pooplo'a disobedience, for 1 82 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. l:\ have no warrant nor Authority by His Majesties Royal Com- mission and Instructions to Governor Philipps to proceed further against them that refuse the oaths, than only to debar them from Fishing during His Majesties pleasure, which restraint many of them are willing to bear with in hopes of «ome speedy revolution or change of Government which they are encouraged by their Priests and neighbouring French Governors to look for very soon ; however I can hardly think that when matters are brought to the push, either to swear or go that they will persist in their disobedience, so far as to quit their plantations and improvements to settle new Colonies tho' they want neither invitations or promises from the Islands of Cape Breton and St. Johns, for that purpose. I acquainted Your Grace in my last of several Murders and robberies committed by the Indians in this Province and Newfoundland last fall, which manifestly appear to have been done through the instigations, if not by the assistance of tho French ; I am since advised that a great body of those people made an appearance near Canso last winter, as if they intended to attempt some mischief, but at last retired Avithout com- mitting any Hostilities. ****** I am &c. L. ARMSTRONG. His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State. Extract from a Letter of Oovr. Armstrong to the Lords of Trade. Annapolis Royal 23 Juno 1729. The first person I shall take notice of for his notorious insolence is Monsieur Bresley the Popish Priest of this river, who having for some time past endeavoured to withdraw the people from their dependance on H. M. Government by assuming to himself the authority of a Judge in Civil affairs and Employing his Spiritual Censures to force them to a submission. His insolence and tyranny growing at last insup- portable I sent the Adjutant to him to his house which stands a little way from the Fort to desire to speak with him, but his intelligence proved so good tho' nobody was acquainted there- with but Major Cosby that before the Adjutant could reach his house he was gone off, and has ever since absconded some ACADIAN FRENCH. 83 where in the Woods about this River among the Indians pursuing his former practices of obstructing H. M. service and exciting the savages to mischief. To prevent which 1 thought proper by an order, published at the Mass House to command him to be gone out of the province in a month's time. Governor PhUipps to the Duke of Netvcastle.* Annapolis Royal January 3rd 1729. My Lord Duke, — *****! have appointed the next week for the receiving the submission of the French Inhabit- ants of this River, and am assured that those of Minas and the other settlements at the head of the Groat Bay of Fundi are resolved to follow their example, but the winter being set in, anKi:xK TciiKti^iis. ^ N Win. mi; IT I h'^l)rali!mi y. ("omiiiaii liaric ;;iiillel>aufl [^ Itixaiidn' ruhiclian >t !,»• Ill ii'(|ii(' lie i\\ ruiicc /< (Jranp^or M'-'aiKlc X Dnj^as [ ''larlcs X Hoy '^lailo oiilioii ]>(' iiiai(|iii- tjxaiK^ois -y. Basilic Acijiii' ^ Bortrau puis X lUl^Ms en- X Ouillo [x'n' >< Onuif'er :iarl('s x BolTivan iJiclii^l X iMdidrot jJiirlcs X Mi'IaiisoM jTiarlL's X I)iij>;iis if-lit'll X l*i}.,nit)tt ?t.'iv X l>(;llivaii [>al(> lioiidi'ot r<.- iiian|ii.- h'un X Hi'llivaux 'crr X Hidulrot |i<'i|iu' X LivoniH :»S('p|| (]l)Ueut \i • iii;iri|iif /i.-(iue X Alicliell laudi,' X lifindrv iiirl«!s X Siinoil tM*t' X Doucet [t'l-u X Surett l>t*epli X Landrv. A W ()' Ti Gi Er .lo Kh Ar Kid Lf murqi Fraiii^dis x Baptist X W riero X H(»lt Aiidn.' X Siii Picrt' X Don Pi(M-e X Mici .K'aii IVvjean !<(' iiiiin|iii •'osopli X Ri Cliarlc's X Sil Paul X Blaiit •ToHii X Lor Aiithidiie •< ' C'lodo riln'aiKJ inicliol rihoauj I A' iniirijii); F^auiel x (Jai (Maud X Dou Michel 'y. Doi Joseph X Jjri Vincent x Bi Michel richan, I.o marque Alexr. X Com Joseph richar in (Jovkhnoh run iitn khom hik rion.i: u liiii''li;n-il \ '' liltill iv ^ Kiil'isliiiii j» lliiiii.'liiiiN 1. • III ir.|iii' ■^. I,.'l.>lnl|r ||i!i • Li'vrciii H • filll'lrtl !' I /' 3'ili-!;lli>i)|i -< .Ml'llllxMll 1^. / r>"iii'::- )i:i-' X I'.'trc ' ililiiiMt •■. .M^'laii^iiii •< l'll;j',i> ■ >■ Ii''l!iv.iii ^ M ■l;iii>.iii !'•> y. l»r||iv;UI |l"i!l> I'iil-liiT ' iii:ir(|ii,' pill X l)r||iv;m i''- /. (iillid |r«iis' y .M.-lnii-iDri x l{*iliisli;iii .T«^ Prrini«'t> Klaiicois limlriif rnnlfiit rul.icli.niN N ir«;('|i|i liiitii'iicnis ;^iiilliimiif li|iiii'-liitrinii< All>'ii 1 .1' III iri|iit' KiMiit;Mi> y. |{.»l>is!iaM .If 111 y. l/iliilcio Ui-ni Si. Srciiii- |)i''rri' f. inlri I .<■ II I! I| II' .I(l,('|l!l y l)iiU<('t' (JIaii'l y M ila^dii • Inllll y IJlti^t L Ui'lii.T Chnnli- y li luliii'i' liU-iiii Tiiur I .'- Ill ii'i|iii' Cll.l-I.'- y |».. II, Till Alrlli'W y Svill HI Klall •iii> y |{|\ IIIHl I < 'liarl"'-. l>;-lli\t'aux Clinrlt' .Mclciisiiii I .!■ Ill iri|iii' ( "li ir!cs y. Ms'lriisDii .1 luir. .hn'i|iii- y Ft'iirctt Ali-X. y lliblti'lf I'ifTL' y. Kiiliiivl Mi.-!u-ll y Uirfr.ird .loan i|oiii-,'t (i. lioiirut'ois iniclicl richiird I.I- in;ir<|ii<- .Jacqiu' y. (iimar Cli.irl('> y. Liuulre, Francois y. Corjxtroii Piorc X HautboU t'f .III!-.' SincfTfiiKMit tMi Kni ili> Ciirrtifi! .|ii.' .1.- -i-rai iiiticnn it» >i'<'(i||il. i|l|i .Ic I'l'inlilioj piilil !,(■ Si'lUiaill Niiii\i'l|i' Ivn^^i', Aiii»i hi •11 II IMi'lri' MJssiiiiiiiain' nui' li'iiM>iii 1,1' nil I i|ii' ('liarlr< y l/i«^ .laci|ll<' y I/m| Aliialiain Mmiru (Iltllilf I'l.lllU' |i I.i' lli:iri|ili' if ■ l'isr|i'| y Udlll'jr , U'Mlf y h.iUi'ctt CIciiiMit y iSaliinnI (ttTliniii y |)iill('i'tt .Iai-i|llc y. Milrlit'll Claililr h.iUi'ft I,'' mil <|i|i' r'iillf> y n.tlircll PiiTf y Priji'iii .la"'|lli' y I'liil-'MI , Irtii'iMis i|ii^i-i !.<■ Ill II i|iii- .li»-.'|t'i y. Aiiiiran ' <'li||-|c, X Mils,' M itt'i'W y l>iiU"'-lt li 111! y Til... INi'li- y (Jiri'oii ji I'ii'i'' y ii'or l{i'ny pctitiit i|it St. Sct-nn' K -in' ill- jorii'tt !(j ('liirlr« iieliivnaiix 1^ I, ■ III irij'lc i' I'irn- y (J.i.lctt I!' .Iosi'|)h y. U il.islian f .lean y. Uifaii ll'i||^ 1,1' III ii'i|iii' Al.-X. y IN-llrrill MattliiW y Kiir.'tt .Vnti.in y iiniii ('land y. ISiMiM picrrc lirjiaid Krartiis Uirhard I.I' iii.ii'i|iii- .\n,ti'ii>tin y ('i.iin. < iciiiiaiii y S.ivoir Cub'tl I'anI y Sa\iiir .\li'xi«i y hi'iifftt <'liai-l''< y .Martin ( 'liarli's I'rijfan I.I' III II i|ii>- .lean y Kent'' y Kicliard .lanii" .M is-Nicr I. ' lll:tl'i|lli' .Iran y. Sivoir AinUn.isi' y Uri* m \,y ili;ir<|i|f riori,' y ('i.nnncau •lean y. IJrnssaf .lfa,|iii' X Hi.nni' \'ii' .Milcli(dl y. Uiidiard dif lii't-.u .Viiti.iinj KraiKjt.is y iMU'cIt l''ran(;iti Al'jxr. y. (iirnar .f<*an X iirun Rt'cnaril jiMii >iii I..' Ktii'iiii" Alrxr. . Cliarlr^ LiHiis X t)(>an X .IlKCpIl .Iaf(|iic rirlV X U.-li ■ X ('land ^ .li'aii y I'i.-iv X l>l'l|l' X ("iiarl.'H Ali-xr. ; (iillraill Cliailr I .li'ili \\, riciv y I'iiTC X Kran •i.i Antlii.iii .lean Ui IJcrnan Jt^aii X .l(.si>|)!i KHOM niK Tkoi'Ij: liivKii. in mi. Wimi.ii i.i 1730. <• •'<■ *i'ii\iiii!i Sfi'^iniii- ^". .\iii Suii i-h Ai'l''. Cnb'tl 1{|< 11 \\ Ml-, rlrl;; . NN'ii.i. Ski m. 'l'ciiiMi;;ii^. Will. I \M W'lNMMT i Vi. ji-iiii >iniiiii IcM MIC I .>' Ill I I'ljilr Ktii'iiii' X Mill I ill Alr\r. ^ Uiili;ilii l/i'iii> X < lii'icir .It'iiii >< (lii[iui-. .fiKfpIl X li'lllllllll .liin|>iii Ui'll • y. |{|:il|i'!i;ir(| <'liniil -y. |{niir;^i'iii-i .li'.iii X Ii t -inMi'lic I'icr.- X r» i-i;iiai-lic IJt'iii' y M iriiii «lii 15 irii iWc ("liirlt's X (lir'cvir Ali'M-. X llil.lirrt (lilltMMiii ' y laiic||,ii(| I'itTc X |iiii>sar Kran '.uis x (Jiioar Alltlioiiii' lila!i''!iii| •Jrili |{a|itst. I'l'lldiii Bcnianl u'li'lft Lt' iii.ti(|iii' Jean X If jiriiirc J(»st'|)'i X I'rijcaii il X Ami rail I ,.• iii;IH|i|i' Ai'ialiaiii X ( '.iimiiaii ♦ 'ImiIi' ;:iiillcl>aiul A!i\aiiilii' iitliicliail l.< III iii|ii(' liiiw ri'iii-c X (trail;;!'!* Claihli' X Ihi^'as Clnilc- X Uiis (Mi;iric iiiilinii I.I iii.ii(|iii Kiiiiu;i>i- X l>a.->niii' •111 'iliir X Hertraii lidiii- X l>i«|ii< I'iric X (Jllilld I'll ii' X (!raii;X''i' Cliiili'- X Mt'llivaii M . 'i I X Uiiinlrot ( 'Il iric- X Mclaiisiiii ("liailf- X IhiiiMs Mi.'lii'll X I'i.u-iiult l*i( i( X llcllivau 4'l! lie l.iiiidrot I. Ill I '"|U • .liiii X |{c|livaii\ I'iiiT X UiiihIimI .laci|ii(' X Lavcnit* .l('-i'|»!i douv't't 1. ■ iiririi'ii' Jjn-i|iH' X Miclicll (!|aii(l(' X l/uulrv Cliarli's X Siinoii I'irn- X DiMU'tjt I'ii'ii- X Si'ri'tt .Idscpli X IjaiKiry. T. Ii|nl'ni>. .\l,i:,\l;. (*o,->in , lai'iii. (iii\r. r. .M s>( \|{i:m \\\S. ('ul'K nnid llwiii/ro.N TllnMAS H\(!T(t\ (•K. r»\Ki:i{ Ki>\\. A.Miirii.-^T .InllN III; MtSTItKKT l']u.\s. .Ias. Till 1,1 imn Ai{( III'. Kkv.mi: Hl< IIAKI" 111!. I, .i.Vd. II.V.NDIIHLI), 1.1' in u'ljiii' Fvalu^uis X Mlisi- l)a.|)ti.>t X UayiiuiMil INcn- X IJnhislian Audri' X SiiiKiii I'itMf X I)ii||ci'tl I'inv X Mich.'ll • li'aii Pi'yjcaii I.I' iiiii iipii' .)(i.ir Paul X Hlaiirlianl .'fail 'x LiM' .Aiitliimii' X 'I'ilMtil.i CIimIi' rilicaiiilcaii luiclicl n'lx'audcaii.x \a' iiiiiri|iii' Diiiii'l X (Jaricaii ('land X hniicrtt .N'iirlud X I>unc('tt .liisfph X iJniii VinccHit X Hnin Micliol ricluii'd I.o iii;ir(|ii(.> Alt'xr. X (^>nio Joseph ricliard Iji' iiiiirqui- IiOui«; FoiitaiiH' 1. 1' iiiaii|iU' •ii'>('|pii X niipiiit I'it'li' X Collin Miclicll X B(nirp»i)» •'"•x'pli X (Jaricau Charles X Diipnis lioiiiv X llililicrf I'i'Mc X KiM'crt Claude x J)ii;ias liaptistc iacay l.t' niiiii|M(' .'('Sfpli X P»clliviiu • lean X li( ;^'cr • lacipic X licoroii llaptisi X Lcuroii IlitiKirc X Pryfcaii ciitoiiic tilM)d(» I.f iiiarqiic .lean liapts. x I'otre I'icrc X 'J'il»(»d(» l.c niiir()ui> Miclicll X Martin Jean i>aj)tihit x Tibodo V] <^ /a /a 'c*l % »> '/ /A IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1^ IM 12.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 Photographic Sciences Corporation 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" — ► L1>' \ « :\ \ ff ^^^\ <> 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. M.'iSO (716) 872-4503 ^^ Qr ^ 6^ "a i M M Jl< ACADIAl^ FRENCH. 85 ambiguity so as to convince the people upon occasion that they are not under any obligatioi; to be faithful to Hia Majesty, which might have been avoided, if the Oath had run in the following terms " Je Promets et jure sincerement en foy de ^'Chiestieu que je serois entierement fidelle a Sa Majeste le ^' Roy George le second que je reconnais pour le Souverain " seigneur de la nouvelle Ecosse et de L'acadie e\, que je lui ■" obeiraia vraymont. Ainsi Dieu me Soit en Aide." I am, Sir, Your must humble servant, To Colonel Philipps. A. POPPLE. Lords of Trade to Governor Philipps. Whitehall, 20th Mav, 1730. Sir,— * * * * ^3 to the French Inhabitants who shall take the Oaths, it must be esteemed by them as a mark of His Ma- jesty's goodness that they have not long since been obliged to quit their settlements in Nova Scotia, according to the ternjs of the treaty of Utreclit, not having till now taken the Oaths of Allegiance to His Majesty ; it is to be feared we cannot much depend upon them in case of a rupture, notwith- standing this compliance, and therefore though it might not be amiss that they should take new Grants of their resj)octive Plantations, there seems to be no reason why they should not in that case pay the same quit Rents with the rest of His Majesty's subjects. So we bid you heartily farewell and are Your very loving friends and humble servants, WESTMORELAND, P. DOEMINIQUE, M. BLADIN, 0. BRIDGEMAN, J. BRUDENELL, A. CROFT. To Colonel Philipps. 86 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMfiNTS. iu' •F;' ■ (31 ■t\' r rt* Govt, Philippa to the Duke of Neivcastle. (Letter Book.) Canso, Sept. 2nd 1730 My Lord Duke, — * * * * I hr.ve done myself the honor by every oppor- tunity since my return to this Government of acquainting your Grace with the state and posture of affairs therein as far as they occurred to me. By my last from Annapolis Royal, dated January 3d, your Grace may liave perceived that I applied myself particularly to bringing our French Inhabitants to submit themselves to the Crown of Great Britain by swearing allegiance to His Majesty, a work which became daily more necessary in regard to the great increase of those people, who are at this day a formidable body and like Noah's progeny spreading them- selves over the face of the Province. Your Grace is not un- acquainted that for twenty years past, they have continued stubborn and refractory upon all summons of this kind ; but having essayed the difference of Government in my absence, they signified their readiness to comply with what I should require of them at my return, for which reason I judged no time so proper to set about it as at ray first arrival among them, beginning with the settlements in this River of Annapolis Royal, and how well I succeeded there. Your Grace has seen by the Parchment transmitted, which was a Duplicate of what every man from sixteen years of age to sixty has sworn and signed to. I acquainted your Grace at the same time of my purpose to proceed up the Bay of Fundy (as soon as the winter broke up) where the gross of the Inhabitants are settled to finish the work so well begun which I have the satisfaction to have seen fully completed, and have now the honour to congratu- late your Grace on the entire submission of all those so long obstinate people, and His Majesty on the acquisition of so many subjects ; a duplicate of the instrument to which they 'have sworn and signed* goes herewith and is Exclusive of the other transmitted from Annapolis ; they are all married and may be computed at five in a family one with another by which * No copy of the Oath here referred to is to be found among the Nova Scotia .documents. ACADIAN FRENCH. 87 your Grace will fiud tho number of those people at this day, adding to the number about Fifty stragling families who wait my return to Annapolis. The greatest obstruction that I apprehended to meet with in the course of this affair was from the Indians who I had notice given me had taken the alarm, and were assembled in boddies to know what was upon the Anvil, but by good man- agement plain reasoning and presents which I had prepared for them they were brought into so good temper that instead of giving any disturbance they made their own submission to the English Government in their manner, and with dancing and Hizzas parted with great satisfaction. Thus far the peace of the Country is settled with a pros- pect of continuance at least so long as the union subsists be- twixt the two Crowns, but to be secure in all events requires further precautions, for its certain that all the safety of this Province depends absolutely upon the Continuance of that union, when that ceases the Country becomes an Easy pray to our neighbours. ***** with &c &c R. PHILIPPS. To His Grace the Duke of Newcastle. Govr. Philipps to the Lords of Trade. Annapolis Royal November 26th 1730. My Lords, — * * * * Being now much indisposed and fatigued with voyaging from almost one end of the Province to t'other and the vessels herein being in haste to get home tis almost as much as I am able to do to prepare duplicates of what papers were sent from Canso, from which place, I had the honor of writing to Your Lor-dships, and I. am to acquaint you, that this duplicate of the Inhabitants up the Bay's sub- mission contains the additional names (marked therein) of those who I mentioned not to be come in at that time, so that there remains now not more than five or six scattering fami- lies on the Eastern coast to complete the submission of tb"* whole Province, whom I shall call upon in the spring. I am sorry to find Your Lordships think the Oath which the Inhabitants of this River have taken not to bo well worded, I used my best understanding in the forming of it • i 88 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. ii m m ' 't '? -Vil' and thought I had made it stronger then the original English, by adding the words, '■^ en foi de Chretien'' and '^ que je recon^ nois" &c., the word fidele is the only one I could find in the dictionary to express allegiance and am told by French men that both it and obeir govern a dative case, and the conjunction, et, between makes both of them to refer to the Person of the King, according as I have learned grammar, and I humbly conceive that the Jesuits wonld as easily explain away the strongest oaths that could be possibly framed as not binding on papists to what they call a Heretic. Your Lordships will observe the oath that has been afterwards given to the body of the Inhabitants up the Bay of Fundy, to be varied ; it was apon occasion of their thinking the other too strong. I believe Your Lordships will think this not liable to the san a objection as the other, and not at all weakened in the altera- tion. * * * t * * I am &c The Right Honble. The Lords Commissiors For Trade & Plantation. JR. PHILIPPS. r. Armstrong to the Fn ach Deputies. (Letter Book.) '/ Gentlemen, — Though I arrivall here, I doubt not you have heard of my Return and have nevertheless judged proper to Signify it to you myself by this opportunity and to acquaint you that as I have nothing more in view than your particular Interests, and the Welfare of this His Majesty's province in general, So I hope for and Expect Your Concurrance and ready comply- ance with what may be proposed for the promotion of Both, To Either of Which you shall always find me to contribute while undistinguished and by you noways prefer'd to his Majesty's Service, by which you'l allow that as I am enjoyn'd to administer impartially to all, that I may therefore not only expect But Even Require a Suiteable Behaviour from all to which I flatter myself there will be amongst you but few if any objections. His Majesty having appointed mo to succeed Governor Philipps, who is ordered to Return to Great Britain, I Recom- glii. ;||. ACADIAN FRENCH. 89 mend to your care the Inclosed proclamation, which he left here to be published, and hope vou will have a due Regard to the Same, and the Sooner you i,;ome, in obedience thereunto, it will be for your own advantage, and I shall only tell you that due attendance Shall bo given to do Each of you Ju.^tice, as your Case may appear. Hearing that there is an Appear- ance of Scarcity of Grain, The Messenger I have Therefore sent Express to know the truth of these Reports, and to bo inform'd what quantity of Wheat and pease you can Supply me with, for the Support of His Majesty's Garrison, and at the same time to put you in mind of the necessitys of Several Inhabitants in this River. Pray treat the Messenger Candidly and Dispatch him with as Certain and particular advice as possible, that I may noways bo put to the Necessity of Want. The quantity I require for the Garrison is two hundred Quin- teals of Biskett and Sixty Hogsheads of pease, for which, according to the Information you may send me, shall order you payment, by Messrs. Bissett Donald and Blin, with which I hope you'l make no Difficulty ; and as I have Also, at the Request of the Gentlemen here Agreed with Nigan Robichaux to go and purchass Sheep and Black Cattle amongst you, and to bring them hither, I shall by the said merchants likewise order you payment and I hope you'l Encourage what may prove of so Great advantage to yourselves & therefore I conclude Gentlemen Your most humble Servt. L. ARMSTRONG. Ili- Annapolis Royall 30 August 1731. A true Record by His Honours Command, W. SHIRREFF, Secty. Governor Armstrong to Alexander Bourg, Notary. (Lett. Book.) Annapolis Royal 18 Deo. 1731. Sir, — * * 4fr * * * # # I might have expected from you, not only as you are one of the Deputys, But by the Office you Bear in the Govern- ment (by Governor Philipps's Appointment) an Immediate andjStrict Complyance with all its orders, as also, advise of 90 NOVA iCOTIA DOCUMENTS. all those, who at any time may either Contemn, or not Comply therewith, with their Reasons for So doing, But your Disres- pect to me in not answering my said letters, tho' in answer to one, I acknowledged the Receipt of from you, makes me almost think, that the Spirit of Disobedience is So Rooted Amongst you, that the true loyalty you owe to my Master, His Britannick Majesty Your Sovereign, can Scarcely be Expected, which I must believe till You Give more Convincing proofs of your obedience, which as I would be Glad to See, I shall always Encourage, and having now also wrote to the Deputys, I desire you will assemble them, and that you will Give me an account of all proceedings with the Inhabitants, to whom I Desire my Said letters may be published, and that you and the other Deputys will Signify to me, whether they will or will not Comply with these orders already sent you. I aaa Sir Your humble Servt t L. ARMSTRONG 30th December 1731 - W. Shirreff Secry [COPY.] Goo. A^^mstrong to the Deputies of Pisiquid. (Letter Book.) . Gentlemen, — . Having wrote to you the 30th of August last, Signifying to you my arrival, and therewith Sent you Governor Philipps's proclamation, and having since sent you the Sentiments of His Majesty's Council, in Relation to the Surveying of your Es- tates, for the Better preventing Disputes, and the other Dif- ferences that daily arise amongst the Inhabitants, I am sur- prized to find you So very Disrespectfull as to give me no manner of Answer to Either, there being nothing there Re- quired, but what is Equitable and advantageous to your Selves. I shall be sorry of any occasion of Charging you with Con- tempt to his Majesty's Government under which you have, and still may Enjoy So many priviledges, and therefore let me advise you to consider your own Interests, which Depend so much upon your DutifuU Behaviour, and fail not to send me a Distinct and particular Answer to these letters already sent you, as to which I have also again wrote to Mr. Bourg and the ACADIAN FRENCH. 91 Deputys of Menis Requiring them to publish tho same to the Inhabitants, and desire you will do the Same amongst those in your District of Cobuquit who I hope will also Contribute in Assisting me with some Supplys of Grain to be sent me Early in the Spring for the Support of his Majestys Garrison, as to which I have sent Mr. Samuel Cottenham to treat with you for such things as are needfull, and do hereby Confirm what he may do in that Respect, and shall Accordingly order you punctual payment and am, Gentlemen Your most hum. servt L. ARMSTRONG. Annapolis Royall, 18 Decembr. 1731. 30 xber 1731. W. Shirreff, Secy. [copy.] Governor Armstrong to Lords of Trade. Annapolis Royal 5th October 1731 My Lords, — ***** Your Lordships in Your afore recited letter, have a just notion of our French Inhabitants, but as they have taken the Oath of Fidelity, and thereby admitted to the privileges and liberty of subjects, I beg Your Lordships to inform me how far they or their Seigniors are entitled to lands abandoned ever since the reduction of this place, and other waste and uncultivated lands to which espe- cially since their taking the oath they lay claim, and plead the Treaty of Utrecht, tho' for these many Years noways cultivated or improven, which if they are to enjoy without a limitation of certain conditions, the Country will in a great measure remain a wilderness, and there will be scarce one acre left, especially in this place, to be granted to protestant subjects, who are much desired, and for whom room might be found here, if these Seigniors did not thus pretend a right to the greatest part, if not the whole Province, without comply- ing with such conditions as may be naturally conjectured, that first moved his most Christian Majesty to make such conces- sions, which if not remedied, will render this part of the Province a continual expence, and of no advantage to his Majesty, for whose use, there is not an inhabitant that pays a farthing rent towards the defraying of such necessary charges NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. 17 "i that attends all governmonts, as to which the gentlemen of the Council, who are daily employed and harrassed with their affairs (there being no other Court of Judicature) do and that not without reason complain, in whoso behalf I humbly recom- mend to Your Lordships, to send us a table of fees, both in that respect, and the giving of grants, for wax and other kind of stationary ware here, is very dear and expensive, and its hoped that an annual supply thereof may bo ordered us from Britain. I must also beg leave to recommend to Your Lordships the necessity of liavnig the French Inhabitants estates surveyed and measured, because otherwise it will be impossible ever to lay beibre Your Lordships any just plan of this Country, for its said that some, if not all, of them possess and claim greater tracts, than they are any ways entitled to, and in case you approve thereof, I desire you will signify the same, and who is to be at the expense in so doing, and whether it is not necessary, as they refuse to renew and take grants from the Government, that their French irnants should be recorded. They are a very ungovernable people and growing very numerous, and the method of treating with them upon any subject, is by their deputies, of whom with the Council &c. till supplied with more proper members if their might be a small Assembly constituted they in time may be perhaps brought through their own free and voluntary acts to pay a greater obedience to the Government, and contribute to its support, and as Civil Magistrates are much wanted, I entreat Your Lordships directions for appointing at least some justices of the Peace, and other inferior Officers amongst them, to act in things especially that may relate to themselves, with such decorum as may oljlige them still further to depsnd upon the Government by giving us information of the behaviour and clandestine proceedings of the rest. I have signified to Your Lordships, that there's several people who have petitioned for grants ; some of them are for small plots, in and adjacent to this Town for Houses and Gardens, and others for tracts fit for Farms, at Mines, but especially by several Young people who have settled them- selves, some years ago, at a place called Chippody in the Bay, not far from Chickenectua, where, if upon the surveyors report there is no Woods proper for masting, I presume grants may be made out for the same, without being interpreted a breach of any Article of the Instructions, tho' not laid out exactly in the same form as there directed, which I shall ACADIAN FRENCH, recomniond to tho Surveyor to do, as noar aa circnm- stancioa will permit. Tlict^o peoples petitions were rocom- tnended by Governor Philipps boibro bis departure, to the consideration of tho Council, who finding some dis- putes were amongst them, deferred the same till these diiferonces wore accommodated, and for that purpose Gover- nor Phib'pps by proclamation signified it to them, and appoint* ed them by the 10th of April next, to appear to make out their respective claims. I am so far, my Lords, of opinion, that if grants be given to these new planters, that the others may be thereby induced to renew their old Grants and hold immediately of His Majesty, and not of these Seigniors, who in my opinion have forleited their rights, through Non-perform- ance of the conditions, but if in this I differ from Your Lord- ships, I still think it necessary, that these Seigniors, should at least renew their grants, and pay the appointed quit rent ''l1 1 1 i hi;; ;f 104 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. method to bring these Indians to reason and restitution would be to send a Priest, which was the reason of proposing it to His Honour ; a priest being also much wanted at their village to Baptize and administer the Sacrament. The Board having taken their behaviour and comportment into consideration, camo unanimously to this resolution, that they should be dismissed, and ordered to retire to the Pres- bytere, and there to remain till an opportunity offered to send them out of the Province. Agreed that they the said two Priests should be again sent for, to hear the opinion and deter- mination of the Board, that they may prepare to be gone whenever an opportunity offered. Whereupon the said two Priests appearing before the Board,, and the sentence being read, they resumed their former inso- lence, calling for chairs to sit down, saying that they did not appear as criminals, and that they had no business with things temporal, and further expressed themselves in these • words — " Que nous n'avons point d'ordres u recevoir ici," and as their whole behaviour and discourse to the Governor was as above recited, and tending to a jurisdiction of their own, indepen- dant of His Majesty's authority, and the civil power of this His Government, they were ordered to depart immediately to the Presbytere, and there to remain as aforesaid ; and also ordered that the 14tli article of the treaty of Utrecht should be sent them. . . Governor Armstrong io Secretaire of State. (Gov. Letter Book.) , ,. May IT Please Your Grace, — . I did myself the Honour to acquaint your Grace in my last with ray Reasons for sending away the two Priests Monsr. de St. Poncy & Monsr. Chevereaux out of the Province, by and with advice of the Council: The Sequell shews how just my Remarks were of their Disregard to this Goverment, which I am no longer surprised at, since I find them so Vigor- ously Supported in that principle by Mons. St. Ovide de Bruil- lan the ffrench Governor of Cape Bretton. One of the Priests Monsr. Chevereaux stopt at Cape Sables to serve the Indian Tribes in these parts as their Missionary. Your Grace will perceive by the said Governors letters that he approves his Conduct. The other Priest Mr. de St. Ponoy, lah has sent back again to this place. The minutes of Council will shew ACADIAN FBBNCH. 105 you how wo have received him, by forbidding him to Exercise his ministerial function & to depart by the first convenient opportunity. The Inhabitants have Petitioned strongly for his Officiating this Winter, I have not given them yet any answer nor can I yet inform Your Grace of the Council's resolution the afifair being still before them, I have sent home all the papers & Letters on this Subject, that your Grace may have a full in« sight into this matter, which I thought proper because I am assured that the French Court will make some stir therein. No. 1 is Mr St Ovide's first letter after Mr St Poncy's arrival at Lewisburg ; No 2 is my answer ; No 3 is his Reply : No 4 is Mr St Poncy's Declaration in Council ; No 5 are the minutes of Council ; and No 6 is the Petition of the Inhabitants signed by one hundred m !!'■!■ r ■it If ^;f 1! ' 'O:! - iS' if m 108 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. receive tho said St. Poncy or any other missionary Priest, without first applying to this Government and obtaining loavo for one^ ##*##* P. MASCARENE * Extract as pr. Record of Minutes W. Shirrepp Secretary. Governor Mascarene to Secretary of State. i .: ' . Annapolis Royal, 15 Nov. 1740. May it please Your Grace, — * * * * The increase of the French Inhabitants calls for some fresh instructions how to dispose of them. They have divided and subdivided amongst their children the lands they were in possession of, and which his Majesty was graciously pleased to allow to them on their taking the oaths of allegiance, and now they apply for new grants, which the Governor and late Lieutenant Governor did not think them- selves authorized to favor them with, as His Majesty's instruc- tions on that head prescribe the grant of unappropriated * Paul Mascarene was born at Castras, in the South of France, in the year 1684. Ills parents were Jeaik Mascarene and Margaret deSalavy. His father, who was a Huguenot, having been compelled to fly from France at the revoca- tion of the Edict of Nantes, young Mascarene fell to the charge of his grand- mother. At the age of twelve he made his way to Geneva, where he was educated, and afterwards went to England, where he was naturalized in 1706. Two years after he received the appointment of second lieutenant in Lord Montague's regiment, then doing duty at Portsmouth. In 1710 he obtained his commission as captain from Queen Anne, and was ordered by the Secretary of War to proceed to America, where he joined the regiment raised in New England for the taking of Port Royal. He there commanded the Grenadiers of Col. Walter's regiment, and was the officer who took formal possession of the fort in mounting the first guard. Shortly after he received tlie rank of brevet major from General Nicholson, the commander-in-chief of tho expedition.— {Mascarene's Letter to Duke of Bedford, 1740 ; also New England Gen. ani Hist. Regr., ix., 229, quoted by Editor New York Colonial Documents.') He for some time commanded the garrison stationed at Placentia, in New- foundland. On the death of Colonel Armstrong in 1739, he was appointed regimental major, and on the death of Colonel Cosby he became lieut.-colonel of Philipps' regiment. Colonel Mascarene was nominated third on the list of Councillors at the first establishment of that board under Governor Philipps in 1720, and was for many years senior Councillor. In 1740 he was appointed Lieut. Governor of Annapolis, and became Administrator of the Government (Philipps, the Governor, residing in England), which offices he held until the arrival of Governor Cornwallis in 1749, when he came down to Chebucto, with several members of the Council, to meet the new Governor, and was ACADIAN Fn£NCR. 109 lands to Protestant subjects only. This delay lias occasioned several of these Inhabitants to settle thoinsolvos on sorno of the skirts of this Province, pretty far distant from this place, notwithstanding proclamations and orders to the contrary have been often repeated, and it has not been thought advisa- ble hitherto to dispossess them by force, for the reasons, I presume set down in the above article. If they are debarred from new possessions they must live here miserably and con- sequently be troublesome, or else they will continue to possess themselves of new tracts contrary to orders, or they must bo made to witlidraw to the neighbouring French Colonies of Capo Breton or Canada. Since I have had the honor to preside here, my study has been to make these French Inhabitants sensible of the differ- ence there is between the British and French Government, by administering impartial justice to them and in all other resr . -ts treating them with lenity and humanity, without yielL. iig anything wherein His Majesty's honor or interest were concerned. The neighboring French at Cape Breton will naturally watch all opportunities of disturbing the peace of this Pro- vince, especially at this juncture and in case of a war with France, and if occasion of disgust was given to these people sworn in senior Councillor on board the Beaufort, transport, in Chebucto harbor, 14th July, 1749. About the year 1720 he transmitted to the Plantation OflSce and the Board of Ordnance a complete description of the Province, with suggestions regarding its settlement and defence. In 1744 he defended Annapolis, and beat off the French force under Du Vivier. He was engaged on the part of the Province of Nova Scotia in conjunction with Governors Dummer and Wentworth, of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, in nego- tiations with the New England Indians, which resulted in the treaty of 1725. He proceeded to New England for the same purpose in 1751, under the direc- tions of Governor Cornwallis, wliere he was occupied for some time in con- ciliating the Indian chiefs. He soon after obtained leave to retire from active service in consequenct of his advanced age. In 1758 he was gazetted major general, and resided in Boston until his death, which took place on 22nd January, 17G0. He married Elizabeth Perry, a native of Boston, and left a son and daughter. — {Hi$t, and Gen. Regr. N. S. Documents.) The late Judge Foster Hutchinson of Halifax and the late Deputy Commis- sary General W. Handfield Snelling were his grandsons. Governor Mascarene in his letters to the Secretary of State, &c., complains of the very small remu- neration which he received for his long and arduous duties in sustaining British authority in Acadia ; never having received any allowance from Gene- ral Philipps, the Governor, for his services during the long period he admin- istered the Government ; though, after the death of Governor Armstrong, an ofier of remuneration had been made him by i'liilipps, which was afterwards withdrawn. He mentions having to subsist, in his old days, wholly on the half pay of his lieut.-coloneloy> — {Mtiscarene's Letters] Nova Scotia Doqu- ments.) I II: ;!. I '■1 ■ ' » ; ."i t^ ii^ '■ .(:"■■ ' 1 ; 'i ■ ■ t 'k 'K ':i 110 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. here they would soon make an advantage of it, and by the numbers of these French Inhabitants at least ten to one English they would soon distress this Garrison by cutting off the supply of the necessaries of life, keeping it in a continual alarm, if not by taking the Fort itself which indeed is in a very ruinous condition. The Garrison at Canso is still in more danger, as it is not any way defcTisible and is but two leagues from the Island of Cape Breton whore the French are very powerful. I am «fec P. MASCARENE. Governor Mascarene to Lords of Trade. Annapolis Royal Right Honorable * * * * There being also a necessity for some one to be appointed in each settlement to draw writings bearing some mark of authenticity, a person was accordingly appointed, and it so continued under the name of Notary, who is to be accountable for the Kings dues in all sales and aliena- tions of lands passed between the Inhabitants, and is commonly the receiver of the annual rents eschewing to His Majesty as Seigneur or Lord of ^^o Manor. A Messenger also under the name of Constable, is appointed as an assistant, who when any directions or orders are sent from the Governor or Commander in Chief in consequence of minutes of Council to the deputies of the Settlaments or to the notary as receiver of the King's dues, is to assist in the execution of them. No farther hitherto has been proceeded in regulations for the administration of Civil affairs in this Province, except at Canso, where by the resort of English subjects in the Fishing season, justices of the Peace have been appointed to settle the difVerences that may arise ; but in winter that place is reduced to three or four families, except what belongs to the Troops residing there. It is a matter of no small concern that in the space of these thirty years past, in which this Province has been regained to the possession of the Crown of Great Britain, the British interest has not been established in a better manner by peopling some part of it by British Protestant subjects, which might in time balance the number of the present ones of a different religion ; and springing from a rival nation in regard to her neighbouring Plantations, Trade ACADIAN FRENCH. Ill and other points which m most humbly referred to considera^ tion. I shall transmit as often as opportunity will permit, an account of mine and the Councils proceedings. I am &c., P. MASCARENE. The Lords Commissioners of Trade & Plantations. This letter is not dated; the original in the State Paper Office, in London, xa marked ^^ received 19 JVbi?. 1740." h;:' Governor Mascarene to M. Des Enclaves,^ (Gov's Letter Book.) Monsieur, — " . The other Point of your letter on which I could not ans- wer in my last is that in which you mention ye Spiritual to be so connected with the temporal as sometimes not to be able to be divided. This Proposition requires some Explanation as it is what may much contribute to the well or ill being of the Inhabitai ts. Under pretence of this connection the Mission- arys have often usurp'd the power tj make themselves the Sovereign judges & arbitrators of all causes amongst tho People ; for example, a Parishioner complains to the Priest that his Neighbour owes him or detains such a thing from him, the Priest Examines the Neighbour in the way of Confession. The man denies his owing or detain'g such a thing unjustly. The Priest doth not stop where he should but calls ^ I It m !iH''' . •■ * J iiiii ■' I ^0 120 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. matter of settling themselves on the unappropriated lands, which irregularity arises from the great increase of their Families. " The inclosed papers contain Minutes of Council on the declaration of a Master of a small vessel, who was plundered at the upper end of our Bay by some of the roving Indians. These minutes and the letters thereunto annexed, will show the good disposition of the French Tnhabitants and even of most of the Indians to maintain the Peace and obviate these disorders. " The extract of letters expresses the confusion occasioned by the disorderly settlement of some families up this Bay, and what remedy our present circumstances allow us to afford thereto. And the latter part of the said extract shews that the Romanish Missionary Priests are brought to a better behaviour." li* ili Governor Mascarene to the Deputies cf Chignecto. " ' " (Order Book.) Annapolis RoYALLE, 12 July 1742. Messieurs, — I received your letter of the 4 July N. S. by the Sieur Bergereau & read it to ye Council the Marks of yr Submis- sion & the sentiments you express in Regard to your past ill Conduct will not be unacceptable provided you do not stop at words only but will shew by your iuture behaviour that you are sincere in what you have expressed therein. Your sc long persisting in slighting the Orders relating to Monsr. St Poncys withdrawing and many amongst you Settling them- selves on the unappropriated lands notwithstanding the many repeated orders to the Contrary have left impressions not at all in your favour, & which behoves you to endeavour to wipe off by Conforming for ye future your actions to the regula- tions & orders made for the peace & good order of this Provco. As I have endeavourd to make you sensible of ye ease you enjoy under His Majesty's Government so I have not faild often to remind you of the Danger you may throw yourselves in if by continuing in your Disobedience ^ • Messieurs, yr. friend (■■ f.M P. MASCARENE. To the Deputy's of Chiconecto to be communicated to the Inhabitants. W. Shirreff, Secy. :|i ■f: Letter from the Bishop of Quebec addressed to Monsieur Mascarene Annapolis Royal, I - (Translated from the French.) As Mr. De la Goudalie informs me that he is unable alone to perform the duties of Grand Vicar in Acadie, and as it appears to me important that the people whom you protect should have all the assistance they ask for as subjects of his Britannic Majesty, I send you the Abbe Miniac a gentleman of ii :|0i sli ',( ,f? 122 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. birth, talent, and cxporionco, wlio has been for a long time Grand Vicar and Archdeacon. I sliall for my own part be particularly grateful for any kindness you may show him, after having made his acquain- tance. I am with profound respect, Your very humble and obedient servant, J. TRIN, Registered by command Bishop of Quebec, of his honor the president W. Shirrefp, Secy. Sept. 16, 1742. Governor Mascarene to the Bishop of Q\>cbec. [Translated from the French.] Sir,— I have received the letter which you have done me the honor to write to me. Some of the missionaries of the Romish Church who have come into this Government have caused a great deal of trouble by endeavoring to establish a power which is not recognized in the dominions of the King of Great Britain and which is repugnant to our laws. This government has been obliged therefore to make regulations in order to restrain them within necessary limits. These regulations are based on the fourteenth article of the peace of Utrecht which (while it grants the free exercise of their religion to the inhabitants of this province, who by taking the oath of allegiance would become subjects of the King of Great Britain, and would bo entitled to the possession of their property) contains the following restricting clause — " So far as the laws of Great Britain permit." Therefore those who < orae into this government and who presume to exercise any ecclesiastical power of the Romish Church, act thereby in opposition to the laws of Great Britain, which neither recognise nor permit the exercise of that power. It has also been considered necessary by this Gov- ernment to declare that no missionary priests shall come into this province until they shall have been appointed according to the regulations made for that purpose, and that when they shall have been thus appointed, they shall conform to the prescribed regulations, the design of which is not to restrain the people in their public worship but to prevent the coming of a greater number of missionaries than that already granted ACADIAN FRENCH. m to the inliuhitants by tho indiilgonco of tliis govornmoiit or than tliat Huttled in tho country when it was rochicod under the power of the Crown of Great l^ritain and at the same tiino to restrain those missionaries within tho limits of their duty towards this government, wlioso permission they liavo to discharge the dntios of their office. Tfiose regulations Sir are contained in ; ubstance in tho enclosed paper in order that you may become acquainted with them and thereby prevent tho trouble which those missionaries will cause, who shall come or be sent in opposition to the terms therein expressed — an instance of which we have in the case of Messrs Miniac and Girard as you may observe by tho minuto of Council which is also enclosed. These even who shall be nominated in conformity to those regulations may look forward to tho certainty of being ordered to leave tho Province if they do not act as they ought — by giving to the people a good example of obedience to this government. I hope Sir that the distinguished reputation you enjoy in your Church, will induce you to prevent the desolation and ruin which the improper conduct of certain missionaries has nearly brought upon the poor inhabitants of this province. Any other liberty Sir, that you desire to procure for your missionaries must bo obtained at the court of G. Britain I am obliged to act here according to our law and the instruc- tions of our court — In everything conformable to these laws and these instructions, I shall do my best to show that I have the honour to be. With profound respect > your very humble and obt. servant P. MASCARENE Annapolis Royal Dec. 2nd 1742 To the Bishop of Quebec By his honor's command Wm Shirreff Secy. Gov. Mascarene to Lords of Trade. Annapolis Royal 24th September, 1742. Right Honourable Having in all my representations mentioned the difficul- ties this Government labors under for want of knowing how i I 1 imm wim !«: t mm. 124 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. mf: to dispose of the increase of the French Inhabitants ; and as these Inhabitants are not qualified to constitute a lower house^ whereby to form a general Court or Assembly, all transactions with them are managed hitherto by messages and letters directed to some of them, chosen in the several districts to act for the whole. I can therefore not inform your Lordships better, than by enclosing the extracts of letters and answers, of the means used to maintain his Majesty's rights and authority and prevent the growing disorder, as much as the situation we are in can allow of, till new instructions on that head can be obtained, which in all my representations for these two years and a half past, I have most humbly applied for. ****** I am, &c., The Lords Commissioners ) of Trade, &c. &c. &c. j P. MASCARENE. (Order Book.) ' Collection of Orders Rules or Regulations in Relation to The Missionary Romish Priests in his Britannick Majesty's Province of Nova Scotia Extracted from the Council Books and Ordered to be here Recorded as by Minute of Council on Tuesday the first of March, 174 § : Whereas The said Priests have of their own accord Resorted hither without acknowledging his Majesty's Sovereignty and Jurisdiction in and over this his said Province or paying the Least Respect or Obedience to this His Majesty's Government and have been Guilty of Sedition and Treachery as in Parti cular Charlemaine, Ignace r:i. Extracted . , • W. Shirreff, Secey. ' •• ' ' '■ ' Governor Mascarene to Secretary of State, . ' -'A . Annapolis Royal , . , 3rd December 1Y42 My Lord,— I have missed no proper* opportunity to acquaint Youf Grace with the transactions here and lately on the 24th Sep' tember and 2nd October last, since which I have received a letter from the Bishop of Quebec with others from two other Priests he has sent into this Province, which, with the answers thereunto, and the minute of Council thereon are here enclosed. That Bishop pretends to the poWer of sending at pleasure his missionaries into this Government, as pre- Burning it a part of his diocese and would dignify one or more of those with the title of grand Vicars for this Province. As this has never been allowed, and would be of bad conse- quence, I endeavour in my answer to his letter to mak© bim urn ■ \V ,- ■ m:!\ 126 NOYA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. sensible he hag no right to it, and m consequence of the minute of Council, I have ordered the two priests he sent to depart the Province. I can not answer whether they will obev, and how far in such a case, it will be in the power of the Government to force them to it. The representations already made of the nature and incli- nations of the Inhabitants, and of the power we have over them will show the dijBSculty this Government labors under to enforce the orders given in such cases; but as the yielding to that Bishop the power of throwing his Missionaries here at pleasure, will be a bar ever to bring these French Inhabitants to a due obedience to His Majesty's Government, I have made it my constant study to prevent any new Missionaries coming, and to keep those I found had been indulged by the former Governors and Commanders in Chief into a due regard to the Government, and for these twelve months past I have met with pretty good success. The letters enclosed are in the French language in which they were writ, and have been answered, not only as this being the last opportunity there is here to write this Winter, no time was allowed for translating them and hardly enough for transcribing but as it shews I am obliged to make use of that language in what Concerns the loliabitants here who understand as yet no other. I am &c. P. MASCARENE Oovr. Mascarene to Alexander Bourg. (Order Book.) Annapolis Royal, Octobr. 21st 1743. Sir, — Upon the flying Reports of the Savages Behaviour and Intention of Causeing Disturbance in the Country, I have in Council Advised upon Such means & methods of maintaining peace in this Province as I hope will prove effectual, Not- withstanding the Troubles that may be Elsewhere. And I have sent you the Result of these Consultations Included in the Proclamation Herewith sent You which you are to See may be Publickly Read in the Severall Districts Within the Extent of your Commission after which you are to place the sd. Proclamation amongst the Other Records of Your Office Concei ACADIAN FRENCH. 127 that Recourse thereunto may be Had as the case at any time may Require, So that if the Inhabitants will live in peace and have Regard to their True Interest, I doubt not but by Duely observeing and Executing the Orders Recommended to them that peace will be thereby maintained amongst us Because when once the Savages are made Truely sensible that their Depredations will Infallibly cause the Inhabitants Ruin they will be thereby Restraint For I beleive that which Contri- butes most to the promoting of these their unwarrantable En- terprises is that they think they do thereby Service to the In- habitants seeing they find the Inhabitants so much Inclin'd to Receive and Take of their unjust Spoils, which is monstrous. We have no News Since I wrote you Last. Gautier is Dayly Expected. It will be proper to Signify to the Savages that in case war may Ever at any time be Proclaimed Be- tween the two Crowns That I shall When it so Happens make it Publickly known which when done is not a deciareing war in thin Country Either against the Inhabitants or Savages who if they are wise m-^y live in peace in Regard to us, Notwith- standing any such Distant Troubles which is what you ought to make Both the Inhabitants and Savages fully Comprehend for altho' we have not as yet any News of a War Being Pro- claimed Between Great Britain & franco Still it is Necessary to prepare peoples minds in case any such thing should so Happen. I am Sir ^ Your friend and Servt. .. P. MASCARENE. To Alexr. Bourg Notary &c. at Minas. • By his Hour, the Presidts Command. / W. SmRRErF, Secy. Ml Gov. Maacarene to M. Goudalie, Priest. Sir,— • . I am Well satisfyed with the assurances you Give me on your Side as well as those of the other Missionary's to Act in Concert in maintaining the Inhabitants of this Province in peace and Tranquility and in their duty towards the GoviDr- ment as the Oath They Have Taken Obliges them to, Mr. Laboret is the only one I have a Bad Opinion of and With whom I perceive I shall be Obliged to Proceed in sudb a i.'> ^miWi I! ■;'''■ !i ■'ill] ill.".: 4'!* mm : : - J- ii III I fl^ If!!; m 128 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. manner as to make him Sensible his Behaviour is no ways Agreeable here. What a happiness is it for these Inhabitants to have it in their power to Enjoy the Sweets of peace Whilst So many others are Afflicted with the scourge of War, and how will those answer in this world or in the World to Come who by Inciting these Inhabitants into disorder will naturally draw on them the Punishment Due to Rebellious People ! My duty to his Majesty in the Post which 1 am in Obliges mo to let his Subjects feel the Mildness of his Goverment whilst they Render themselves worthy of it besides my Inclinations naturally lead me to it wherefore if every one aims at the same End we may prevent trouble from approaching Us. I called the small Books You sent me Mercurys But find they are called Hisstorick Nouvells for the present age which I would be glad to have as I already desired the favour of you, 1 shall satisfy Mr. Morrell The Cost he is at Through Your hands or by any other means You Think Proper and if he will be so good as to Joyn the Mercury Gallaunt to them I shall be Under a great obligation to him and You for Your Good- ness in procuring them. I send you the list of the prisoners i ¥ pi ■;^l^ '■ .V Govr. Mascarene to Lords of Trade. Annapolis Royal, 20th Sept. 1744. Right Honorable, — As it is my Duty, so I humbly think I have never fail'd laying before your Lordships his Grace the Duke of Newcastle & the Secy at war, the true state of this his Majesty's Province and Garrison ■ i ' 184 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. dians against iDdians ; for tho' our men out do them in Bra- very yet being unacquainted with their sculking way of fight- ing nii)olled them to do this. With respect to those who have actually taken up arms, whether inhabitants or strangers, the first, being guilty of rebellion have no excuse ; and the others must leave the country before tranquillity can be restored. For if we shall be obliged to send to your neighborhood to drive these strangers away, as well as to call to account those who will not come and clear themselves from the just suspicions that are entertained con- cerning them, thoso who have done their duty, and for whom we have great consideration, must unavoidably share in the trouble that military people generally bring with them, and which I should like to prevent as much as possible. I have not received any deputation from the people of Cobequid, but you may inform them of what has been required of you, in order that they shall conform to it. As to the people of Chicauecto, they are like criminals against whom sentence is about to be pronounced ; and, if they have any valid excuse to offer, -why such sentence should ■I : 1 I' 'ill ;«i:i i M I His I , f SlJfl 111 ! ' 1* l;r I >! . Lis 138 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. bo arrested, they would do well to offer it as soon as possible, by their deputies. You may make this known to them. I send you enclosed a proclamation passed by the council ; also a resolution passed by the same with regard to trade, which you will have read in public in order that every one shall comply with it. It is absolutely necessary for you, in the present condition of affairs, to inform me frequently of the state of your departments, as too long a delay might prove hurtful to you. There are comers and goers enough ; but should no opportunity of that kind present itself, you might join with the other departments and send an express. My feelings towards you are always the same ; and so long as you behave with fidelity towards the King of Great Britain our lawful sovereign, and with obedience to his government, you will always have in me. Gentlemen a good friend and servant P. MASCARENE. To the deputies of Mines, Piziquid and the river Canard. Governor Mascarene to deputies of Chicanedo. (Letter Book.) (Translated from the Franch.) Annapolis Royal Oct. 26. 1744. Gentlemen, — I send you these lines to inform you that I am in a position to execute what I have so often said would happen to you, if you failed in the allegiance which you owe to his Britannic Majesty. If you wish therefore to avoid the danger which threatens you, do as the other departments have done — send your '^puties, give an account of your conduct, and show the .mission to which your oath of allegiance to the governm( o of the King of Great Britain binds you. In that case you shall still have in me a friend and servant. P. MASCARENE. The deputies of Chicanecto. . iJij:; ACADIAN FRENCH. 139 Extract from a letter of Gov. Mascarene to the Deputies of Chicanecto. (Letter Book.) (Translated from the French.) Before closing I must inform you, that in the petition which you have presented to me, you make use of terms which require explanation ; for, therein you say " that you will adhere to the promise that you have made to take up arms neither for nor against the King of Great Britain." I must repeat what I have so often told you, that the King of Great Britain is your lawful sovereign, by the cession which his most Christian Majesty made to him, of the country and of the irhabitants who chose to remain here — rendering them- selves the subjects of his Britannic Majesty in taking the oath of allegiance to him, whereby they were to enjoy their pro- perty, and the free exercise of their religion. If in taking this oath of allegiance, the government was kind enough to say to you, that it would not compel you to take up arms, it was out of pure deference, and more than had been stipulated for you. In consequence of your oath you owe every obedience and every assistance to the King your Sovereign ; and you ought to take it as a great favour that he does not compel you to take up arms. But you owe no assistance, no obedience to any authority that does not emanate from his Britannic Majesty ; and you have the strongest reason for abstaining from giving any assistance to his enemies. Reflect well upon this, and upon what I have pointed out to you in my preceding letters, in order that you may rectify your conduct in those particulars in which you have erred. Be assured, that, if you do this, and behave yourselves as faithful subjects of the King of Great Britain, you shall have in me. Gentlemen, A friend and Servant. PAUL MASCARENE. Annapolis Royal, Nov. 16, 1744. To the deputies of the department of Chicanecto, to be read in public. i:: «! ! ■U t ; 140 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. (hi \'U /J m ml'] i 1 m i [:■ U| Governor Mascarene to Governor Shirley. Annapolis Royall Deer 1744. Sir, — I have in the course of this Summer given You an acct. of the different states this Garrison has been in butt as I was oblig'd to write always in haste, from the nature of our busi- ness and the dispatch necessary to be given to the Vessells ; I could not give you a right UDtion of our Circumstances. The Enemy being now att last withdrawn there is time for recollection and therefore I shall give you a larger detail of the several Enterprises made against this Place and how they have been baffled and att last ended to our advantage. On the 18th of May I found a sudde' annick had seiz'd the whole lower Town where several v.. liticers and Soldiers familys were quarter'd, every body removing their goods to the Fort. Upon enquiry I found a rumour had spread that one Morpiu a famous commander of a privateer in the last Warr, was up our River with five hundred French and Indians. Whatever inquiry I could make I could not find the author of this report, and tho' We were assur'd the next day that this piece of news was false, the impression it had made would not however be taken off from most peoples minds. The Massachusetts Galley arriv'd soon after with the Chief Engeneer and brought us an acct. that by a printed paper seen in Boston it appear'd Warr was declar'd against France tho' the Government there had no orders as yet from Home to proclame it. This made several officers take the resolution to send their familys to New England and the Galley took accord- ingly as many as she would conveniently carry and a little while after two Vessells more were freighted with part of those remaining and yet we had within this little while above seventy women and children left and quarter'd within the Compass of the Fort. Our Fort as to its Ramparts and Parapets was in a ruinous condition, the few materiels we had proper to repair them h-id been iraploy'd in patching the most dangerous Places, upon the first notice I had by the Circular letter of their Excellcys. the Lords of the Regency. The orders for rebuilding the Fort with masonary having made the Old to be for several years totally neglected. The Chief Engeneer therefore, till he could procure proper materials to repair the old went on with the project of the new building, for which stones, Bricks . ! ACAWAN FRENCH. 141 & lime liad been In part procur'd : butt the news of the taking of Canso, and the orders for proclaiming Warr with France^ made me urge the Engeneer to putt by the project of rebuild- ing, and to go in good earnest to the repairs necessary for our deffence. The French Inhabitants show'd themselves ready^ not only to gett the timber necessary for that kind of work, butt to be employ'd in the Repairs, and we had gone on in some parts of it when on the 1st of July, the first party of Indians consisting of about three hundred came to interrupt us. They were no sooner known to be att the upper end of the River, butt all the french Inhabitants left us and withdrew to their Habitations. I had then not a hundred men of tlie five Companys, Officera Included, fitt for duty. The Artificers brouglit from Old and New England tho' most, especially the first, have prov'd ready on occasion and behav'd with courage and resolution, yet could not be expected to bo under command in the same manner as regular Troops, and some of those from New Eng- land declaring they came to Work and not to fight, caus'd a backwardness and dispiritedness amongst their fellows. In this first onsett of the Indians, we had two men kill'd, who contrary to my orders had gone out in some of the gar- dens ; and some officers with a number of men who with too little precaution went out early in the morning to pull down a house in the Governor's grounds according to the orders I had given the night before, had like to have been cutt oft'. They all gott in however without hurt. The Enemy encourag'd with this success came under cover of some Stables and barns to the foot of the Glacis and kept a con- tinual fire of small arms, 'till dislodg'd by our Cannon. They then went towards the lower town, the extremity whereof is above a quarter of a mile from the Fort, and sett fire to the houses, which soon gain'd near the Rlock liou-se situated in the middle of the street, butt which by being surrounded with garden fences was not without danger of having a share in the conflagration. The Sergeant who was with a small guard in that Block house att sight of the fire about him sent me Avord of it and desir'd leave to withdraw. As from the Fort we were sensible of his danger and I had no immediate means to relieve him, I sent him word he might withdraw; Rut upon the proposal of the Engineer to send Mr, How on board the Ordnance Tender with some of the Artificers to strengthen Her Crew and fall down opposite to the Town and scour the street, I sent a detachment under the command of a Captain lU 142 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. m\ J; ■ who supported by the cannon of the Tender and Joyn'd by Mr. How and the Artificers, replac'd the Guard in the Block house, putt the Indians to flight, pulPd up the garden fences and sett fire to some houses still remaining too near the block- house and thereby afibrding a cover to the Enemy. I had the evening before caus'd to be pull'd down a parcel of hovells which by the allowance of former Governrs had been built in A hollow of our Glacis reaching almost to the Parapet of our cover way, a dangerous place which long ago I had wanted to have fiU'd up as being from thence the Enemy in former times had annoy'd us. The officers and volunteers amongst whom the Fort Major and Mr. How returning with the party from the lower town propos'd to me to level the Barns and Stables within half musquett shot from the Garrison, from whence in the morning the Enemy had kept a continual fire and where it was expected he would come again and find a constant shelter. This Party was in high spirits, I would not baulk them and there was no time to call the officers together for their opinion and consent. I only desir'd they would spare a house on which Captain Daniel had thrown a good deal of expence, and which was without musquet shott of the Fort, butt this has not avail'd much as the Ennemy has since rifled it aiid our cannon in order to dislodge the Ennemy has pierc'd and shatter'd it in many Places. The Enemy finding it not easy to aproach our Fort kept about a mile distance, and gave us no great trouble except in stealing some of our Sheep and Cattle. The arrival of the Massachusetts Galley with Seventy auxiliaries and a Captain & Ensign made this Party of Indians leave us and go up the River from whence they proceeded to Manis, one of our French Inhabitant Settlements about twenty leagues from this? Place, where they stay'd till the grand Project hatching att Lewisburg would be brought to effect. The same Gaily soon after returning brought us forty men more with a proportion of officers to form with those come be- fore, three Companys. These auxiliaries augmented our num- bers butt could not be of immediate service, as they came for the most part unprovided with arms. Our own had been on tryall found for the most part deffective and were putt into the hands of the smith for repair. To supply this want I ordered out of the Ordnance stores all that could be gott fitt for service. With these and our own Arms as they could be repair'd I made a shift to arm our own men and our Auxiliaries, ACADIAN FRENCH. 143 which was hardly effected, and they lodg'd in the Fort, in Barracks fitted up with all the dispatch consistent with the other Repairs necessary for our Defence when I was inform'd that a Detachment of officers and men from Lewisburg with a larger Body of Indians than had come before, amounting in all to Six or Seven hundred men were up our River within three leagues of us. I made the necessary disposition to receive them. After they had rested two days up the River, their Journey by Land from Chignecto, where they landed from Lewisburg, and from Manis through which they pass'd, having been much fatiguing, they march'd down and shew'd themselves on the brow of the hill a little more than a mile from the Fort, and then pitch'd their Hntts under cover of it. The next morning when they march'd down to us under the cover of some hedges and fences, with Colours flying, a Gunn was pointed att their Colours, and graz'd as we have heard since between Monsr. Duvivier their Commander and his Bro- ther a Lieutenant. They did not then think fitt to proceed further, butt soon return'd to their Camp beyond the Mill, and choose to come in the night when they could not be much ex- posed to our artillery. They came accordingly about the Fort keeping a continual fire att our parapets and approaching under the cover of the hollow, I mention'd, to the edge of the Parapet of our cover'd way which is low and has yet no Pal- lisadoes round it. This kind of attack kept the whole garrison in allarm all night, none being able to sleep when there were so many places of our Ramparts of easy access and as the whole is revested with firr timber not very hard to be sett on fire. It was after several such attacks that Monsr. Duvivier sent his Brother with a flagg of truce to deliver me a letter, where- in ho intimated that he expected a Seventy, a Sixty and a Fourty gunns Shipps, mann'd one third above their compli- ment, with a Transport with two hundred and fifty men more of regular Troops with Cannon, mortars and other implements of warr ; that as he knew we could not resist that Force and must then surrender we could expect no other terms than to he made prisonners of Warr, butt that out of the esteem and regard he had for us if I would enter into articles, in which he offer'd all that could be desir'd he would ensure they should stand, tho' nothing should be concluded, till the Fleet was in the Bassin, and we were sure it was of the strength and pro- vided with every thing he mention'd, and that in the mean time if our succors arriv'd the whole should go for nothing, ii 'Li 144 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. l!'T^' M adding that as things were he had even a sufficient strength with him to take the Fort having one hundred and fifty lad* tJers ready made, with comhustible matters &c. to force us by assault, conchiding with a desire that what should pass be- tween hira and I should go no further till concluded att the arrival of the french Shipps. After having read the letter by myself, I dismissal the officer civilly and told him I would send my answer the next morning before twelve o'clock, and having detain'd the officers whom I call'd together att the reception of the flagg of truce, I communicated Mons. Duvivier's letter to them, and the next morning my answer to it, containing in substance that we were not reduc'd to such straights as to talk of a surrender, and that when his fleet should be in our Basin we should consi- der what we were to do. The same Officer return'd to fetch the answer which I gave to him in presence of the officers and dismissed him a la fran^oise with my compliments to his commander. My answer not suiting with his views ho sent his brother again to desire to see some officer of his acquain* tance, proposing in the mean time a truce. This last was desir'd on our side to give rest to the officers and men who for several nights past had been continually on duty, in which I had taken my share, walking our Ramparts most part of the night. The officer went and att his return, in presence of all the officers of the Garrison he told that Mons. Duvivier appear'd in his discourse to have no other design, in what he proposed, than what would be allow'd to be for the advantage of the Garrison, and that, he said, as nothing was to be con- cluded before we were thoroughly sensible of it, we ran no risque in accepting of his proposal and that in the mean time no hostilities should be committed on either side. I found all the officers except three or lour very ready to accept of the proposal, the dread of being made prisoners of warr having no small influence with most. Some things were spoke in regard to the condition of the Fort, the temper of our men, the little support or even intelligence we had from home with other such as gave me a great deal of uneasiness, and as I saw I could not withstand the torrent Avithout endan- gering the safety of the Place I gf.vo way to it, reserving to my self not to sign any articles without extremity brought mo to it. Three officers were chosen out of the whole number present to hear Mons. Duvivier on the purport of his letter, butt not to mention anything butt as preliminaries, and before I could be brought to give them power to go I desir'd tho Jl: ACADIAN FRENCH. 145 Lge ;oiv no line ere of rom ess, Ian- to iglit [ter, fore thQ Officers to sign a representation of the state of the Garrison each giving the part that related to the Branch under his charge which was accordingly done and the representation sign'd by all the Officers of the Garrison. The three officers then went and brought a Draught of Capitulation from the French commander containing every thing we could expect or demand with the restrictions above, that is, not to be made good 'till the arrival of their sea force as mention'd before, and to go for nothing if our succours first arriv'd. I was desir'd and pretty much press'd to sign it, butt I absolutely refusM it, and all I could be brought to was to allow the commissioners to sign it as preliminaries if they thought proper. Butt this not being to the purposa of the , French Commander, he told the three commissioners that he had gone further than he ought, and the Capitulation must be signed to him absolutely, and that his intention was that the whole transaction should have been carried on between him and me only and that therefore he could go on no further unless we would come to his terms, upon which he produc'd another Draught of Capitulation which the three officers absolutely refus'd to bring to me. They then parted and agreed that the Truce should continue no longer than the next day att twelve o'clock unless I would send to him. This being reportted to me, all the officers being present, I shew'd them the French officer appeared to have no other intention than to entrapp us by sowing division amongst us and after further discourse on that head it was unanimously resolv'd to break all parley with him and to beginn hostilities att twelve o'clock, which was accordingly done on our side by firing two gunns att some men drawing too near the Garrison. Upon some intimation being given to me that the men were uneasy and threatened to seize their officers for parleying too long with the Enemy, I was heartily glad to see this spirit reviv'd which some officers had told me was entirely depress'd in our men. I immediately sent the Fort Major to acquaint them with what was past and that all parley being broke off, hostilities were agoing to heginn again, to which they ex- press'd their assent by three chearfull Huzzas to my great satisfaction. The Enemy went on with their nightly attacks and daily skirmishes as usual, and became more and more contemptible to the Garrison, as we found little more harm accruing to us than the disturbance in the night, which I endeavour'd to make up for, by keeping as few men as I oould for the day it ii! .!■■ ' ■ li 10 xu i. A— I [■^^^nnp/^ff ffl^HHIfbllttl ■aff^BiMilrKtA:': |h|' ' i ^S^B '^r 1 146 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. ml'^'i imi service, tho' we went on with the works proper for our def- fence aa opportunity offer'd. We had been above three weeks in this scituation when an arm'd Brigantine and a Sloop bringing fifty Indians or Rang- ers of woods arriv'd from Boston, butt as those before mostly without arms. As I could not lodge thera in the Garrison there being no barracks fitted up, I was oblig'd to borrow arms from amongst our men, there being none in store fitt for service, with which I sent them to fetch some fire wood ready cutt in the Bassin. Whilst the Rangers supported by the Brigantine were on this service and a good many of our men unnarm'd on that acct. a wild Indian come with the Rangers and left behind, straggled out too farr, was seiz'd and carried oflf by the Ennemy. I sent a party out in hopes to rescue him. This bronght on a skirmish in which we had a sergeant kill'd and a private man wounded, and had some reason to believe we had done some Pammage to the Ennemy. I recall'd the Party's I had sent out, as a good part of our force in that way of fighting and a good part of our arms was down in the Bassin. But as in presence of the Avild Indian that was taken^ I had express'd the day before that as soon as the Rangers were come from the Bassin I would pay a visit to Mens. Duvi- vier in his Camp, I suppose Mons. Duvivier did not care to stay for it, for ho decampt the next morning in very rainy weather marching towards Manis, to which Place he had a very wett and fatiguing Journey. The People who were gone for wood being return'd I found the Brigantine had some arms to spare. I caus'd the Engeneer and Storekeeper to buy them on the office of ordnance's acct. and thereby arm'd these new commers. The Brigantine return'd to Boston and carried the Chief Engeneer who had a call to New Hampshire to assist that Province in Putting itself in a posture of Defence. I was sorry att parting with him, as he and his assistant Mr. Combrune lodging under my roof were constant company for me, and otherwise very assisting to me. The sequel in my next. J am, &c. (Dupplicate.) This letter is in the haQdirriting of Gprernor Mascarene. Oovr. Mascarene to Annapolis Royall, Deer. 1744. Sir, — I promised you the Sequel of the French attempts upon us and of our transactions here, which is as foUows — i ACADIAN FRENCH. As soon as the French nn,? t j- . ^f. "^ ^^'^ i>eputies of the TnhnKv . Indians had left oiir p- ?>» with ofBcersat hat Pil''^ '? ''"^P °«« lm„,TredV„J'?ft " from it and oblig-dLrto T ^e tt^'""^. ""^^ *« hZ Iwa/a^St^d'rW.'^rheT --oner dispatch'* than Inhabitants that*e had been th?r"'"£ "^^ "'"' "^ he Lnch' bj a party of french and carrvtl "'^.'l' '^l^™ «••* of his bed fahipp, which he suppos'd to h5 f ,'" ""^ ^^^sm on board f without teff; hrwav7r :!'^? "■«■» -''h "he .•nfolftil'^'' Afw sta;a:iX7^ h^sx ^^"^ ' ■" '^« -tt™' «.e Garnson; hot I.wa, ta^eruT' f^^ ^^^.^X 'i Ui 1 'n 148 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. m ^ \i after the Departure of the French, by the arrival of the Massachusetts Galley, Brigantine and Sloop,- convoying a Schooner loaded with our Provisions. The tryall between them and the French if they had Stay'd would have been hard, as the Enneiny had a much superior Force, tho' I am sure their Commanaer could neither in conduct or Courage have equall'd ours. They had notice att Boston of the French sea Armament, butt not a just notion of their Force. Gover- nor Shirley who has so vigourously imploy'd himself for our relief and to whose indefatiguable endeavours this Place in a great measure owes it preservation, had sent this Armament not only to Convey our Provisions ; butt also to assist in the means of driving the French wholly out of this Province, judging, on what I wrote to his Excellency, that they might take their winter Quarters att Mania. As by this time I was certain they had remov'd from that Place and gone to Chig- nicto, it was thought advisable considering the lateness of ' the Season (November) and the difficulty of navigation for such Shipping in that part of the Bay, to postpone the Expe- dition, and in the meantime to send a Small Shalloup with my letter to the Inhabitants thereby to know their temper and the situation of the Ennemy, whilst the Shipping Stay'd in our Bassin to give countenance to my proceedings. Before they left us I had the satisfaction to acquaint the Commander Captain Tyng, that I had certain information the French were gone from that Place back to Lewisbourg, and a few days after the Deputies of Chignicto came with a very Submissive letter, representing their case pretty near in the same manner as those of Manis, having resisted the entreaties and threats Monsr. Duvivier made them to oblige them to take up arms, and having by their Representations contributed to make him and his party depart from them. Thus were the French with their Clanns of Indians oblig'd to leave us att last for this year after making three several attempts in which tho' their measures had been well consorted att first, yet were baffled att last ; for we have heard since that the men of Warr mention'd by Monsr. Duvivier had every thing ready to come to reduce us, butt that on some intelli- gence of an English Squadron bound to these Northern parts they drop't their Enterprise and sent the Shipping above mention'd. To the Breaking the French measures ; the timely Succours receiv'd from the Governor of Massachusetts, and our French Inhabitants refusing to take up arms against us, we awe our ACADIAN FRENCH. 149 preservation. The first had prepared such a Force as in the opinion of all, considering the ill condition of this Fort, we should not have been able to resist : By the second our men were eas'd in the constant Duty the many ruious places in our Ramparts roquir'd to attend : and if the Inhabitants had taken up arms they might have l)rought three or four thou- sand men against us who would have kept us still on harder Duty, and by keeping the Enemy for a longer time about us, made it impracticable to repair our Breaches or to gett our firewood and other things of absolute necessity. Another concern of no small importance and under which I still labour, is my being oblig'd to supply with the Provi- sions laid in for tho five Companys, all the Auxiliaries and other additional People for whom Provisions are not laid in store, such as Artificers belonging to the office of ordnance and others. These have found means since to supply them- selves tho' what has been advanc'd to some of them is not yet made good to the Stores, by the misfortune happen'd to the Vessell which brought it, being one of the two taken in our Bassin by the french Shipping. As for the Auxiliaries they came victuall'd only for three months so that from the first of October most have had provisions from our Stores and all the rest att different periods since. As the Government of Massachusetts, who have otherwise been att a great Expense for our Relief, may not think themselves oblig'd to answer this, nor clothing which it is absolutely necessary to provide for their men ; I may find myself oblig'd to engage in that Expence, and to answer it give Bills on the Treasury. I hope in that case the Governor and you will not be wanting in representing the absolute necessity which forces me to. such a step. The Company of Indians or wood Rangers come last from Boston have prov'd of great service to this Place, they fell Boon after their arrival on a family of Indians, kill'd some and scatter'd the rest and by their excursions they have kept off the Indian Ennemy who in small partys rov'd continually about us, which hindred the Inhabitants from supplying of us with fire wood, materials and other necessarys we wanted. As our regular Troops are not us'd to that way of annoying the Enemy, it would be a great advantage to this Place if such a Company could be establish'd here in time of Warr, and therefore I desire the Governor may Joyn his Sollicita- tion to what may be represented from hence and from the Government of Massachusetts for the Establishment of such a. Company for the service of this Province, I! ff FT ' ''1 I'll !■ ■*!) m I ft: ■ ■■( ■ifc l!;i:;i! HI5 i III 150 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Our Rogimoiital clothin):^ {^ not vot arriv'd and our men on acct. of tl»o extraordinary I'litlj^uo in rogard to attending our llopairH and othor nocossary Dutva arc very bare, atn aro most of our AuxiliarioH, whicli has oblig'd nio to allow the nion as the cohl season canio on to wrapp theuiaelvcs up in ono of their Blankotts as they stand Sentry. Wo impatiently expect^ tlio' the season is farr advanc'd, some vessells from Boston in which I hope will corae with the clothing for our men, also some and provisions for tho auxiliarys, and some letters from Groat Brittain, for I have butt ono dated the 2 1st of August last acquainting mo with my being appointed Lieut. Governor of this Garrison. This letter is niso in the handwriting of Governor Mascarcnc Oovr. Mascarcnc to SlR,- Annapolis Royal, 15th March, 1744-5. Tho foregoing was concbided tho latter end of November^ and a few days after I Imd tho pleasure to see three vessels arrive from Boston with Provisions for six months and cloth- ing for our auxiliaries, butt none of tho latter for our men. To make up for that defficiency tho Captains had agreed to send for DuffiUs with which were made seven or eight watch- coats for each Company to serve the men for a covering whilst on Duty, a thing absolutely necessary considering our winters here and the ragged condition of our men. I had also prevail'd with the Deputies of the Inhabitants of this River to furnish the Engeneer the materials requisite for our Repairs att the stated price, which they seem'd to undertfike and perform chearfuUy, and tho' the season was farr advanc'd when the Eunemy totally left us, two Bastions have almost entirely been revested before the winter satt in, which the old revestments being entirely decay'd and the Soil with which they are rais'd a meer Sand, would in a little while longer have tumbled rlown and left us all winter naked to the Enemy. The uiateiiain brought in since by the River, being contra^' .f»at gene- rally happens, left open since the latter en ^anuary, w enable us to revest a Curtain and two flank emaining still very bad, and to pallissadoe our Cover'd way, which s Still all -open; and the tilling up tho hollows and esplanading the Glacis if the Enemy will allow time for it, will put me in a better condition to receivo him, than I was in last year. ACADIAN PRENCn. 151 You'll 800 by tho last dato above that this is carried to the middle of March, Tho winter liaw provo•'• P. MASCARENE. • From a letter of Messrs. DeBeauharnois and Ilocquart to Cow, J JDeMaurepaSi dated at Quebec, I2th September, 1745. , iV. York Col. Documents, Vol. x. . As regards the disposition of the inhabitants towards us, all, with the excep tion of a rery small portion, are desirous of returning under the French Dominion. Sieur Marin and the officers of his detachment as well as the Missionaries have assured us of this; they will not hesitate to take up arms as soon as they are themselves at liberty to do so; that is, as soon as we shall become masters of Port Royal, or they have powder, and other munitions of war, and will bo backed by some sedentary troops for their protection against the resentment of the English. If, not- withstanding this preliminary, any settlers should still be found to hesi- tate declaring themselves, all difficulties would be overcome by the employment of menaces and force. The reduction of Louisburg has, meanwhile, discon- certed them. M. Marin has reported to us that the day he left Port Royal all the inhabitants were overpowered with grief; this arose only from the appre- hension of remaining at the disposition of the enemy ; of losing their property, •nd of being deprived of their missionaries. The English might probably have recourse to such policy, or at least adopt measures to keep them in a strict and severe subjection. * * « * We have just explained the conduct the English will probably observe towards the Acadians. We cannot imagine that they could entertain 1- i ■ rM l\\^ r'l J-H k^-li l-: "i I J. 158 NOVA SCOTIA DOCtlMENTS. Extract from a Letter of Governor Paul Mascarenc io Governor Shirley. Annapolis Royal, 6th April 1748. At the reduction of this fort, no capitulation was made but for the Garrison and the inhabitants of the Banlieue (a league round the fort) ; these had leave to withdraw with their effects, and to dispose of those they could not carry with them, for the space of two years. The rest of the inhabitants all over the Province made terms that winter with the then governor Vetch, who received them on their submission, but no oath was required of them, except of the inhabitants of the banlieue, for the time of the capitulation. In 1714, Mr. Nicholson came over governor and commander-in-chief over the Province, and proposed to the French inhabitants the terms agreed on for them at the treaty of Utrecht, which were to keep their possessions, and enjoy the free exercise of their religion, as far as the laws of Great Britain do allow, on their becoming subjects to the crown, or to dispose of them, if they choose to withdraw, within the space of a twelvemonth. They, to a man, chose the last, having great promises made to them by two officers, sent here for that purpose from Cape Breton, then beginning to be settled by the French. But these not sending vessels to fetch away the inhabitants, they remained, and though often required to take the oaths of fidelity, they constantly refused it. Extract from a Letter of Governor Mascarene to Govr. Shirley, April, 1748. Governor Philipps having formed the council, issued r proclamation, summoning the French inhabitants to take the the idea of removing those people, in order to substitute Englishmen in their stead, unless the desertion of the Indians would embolden them to adopt such a course, utterly inhuman as it may be. The Acadians have not extended their plantations since they have come under English dominion ; their houses are wretched wooden boxes, without conveniences, and without ornaments, and scarcely containing the most necessary furniture ; but they are extremely covet* ous of specie. Since the settlement of He Royale they have drawn from Louis* burg by means of their trade in cattle, and all the other provisions, almost all the specie the King annually sent out ; it never makes its appearance again, they are particularly careful to conceal it. What object can they have, except to secure for themselves a resource for an evil day ? Already many of them have caused inquiries to be made whether they could find lands here to settle on, and whether they would be admitted to enter on them. We hare avoided all answer. ACADIAN FREKCH. 159 oath of allegiance on the same terms offered them as before, though the time prescribed had so long ago been elapsed. But these inhabitants in general still refused it, alledging that they had been detained contrary to their desire, which indeed was partly true, as General Nicholson had declared that they should not depart in vessels being built on English ground, or English bottoms, and that it belonged to the French to come and fetch them in their own. Governor Philipps wrote home for fresh instructions how to act in this emergency applying for more forces to prevent the French inhabitants from going away in a tumultuous or disorderly manner, or for bringing them into a due subjection ; for which he desired if I remem' bar right, two regiments besides the four Companies of his own, then at Annapolis Royal, with proportionable shipping to transport these troops as occasion should require, and this in a time of profound peace, and Avhen these inhabitants were not above a third of the number they are now increased to. In answer ho was directed not to use any violent measures, but to endeavour to keep the people easy till, at a proper time, it might be resolved how to proceed in this case. The Governor went homo in 1722, and things remained in this situation, under the administration of Mr. Doucett, lieu- tenant governor of Annapolis Royal, and President for the time being over the province, till Mr. Armstrong, having been made lieutenant governor over the whole Province, returned in 1725, and found means to bring the inhabitants to take the Oath to the Government ; but on governor Philipps returning some years after, these inhabitants complaining that this oath had been extorted by undue means, his Excellency brought them at last to take it willingly, and the same was tendered, and taken, in general, by ail the men of competent age, in all the settlements of this Province ; the tenor of this Oath is inserted in the papers inclosed. The word true being inter- preted AdUe has made it to be called the oath of fidelity. The French inhabitants intending to have a clause, not to be obliged to take up arms against the French, which, though not inserted, they have always stood was promised to them ; and I have heard it owned by those who were at Minas when the oath was administered at that place, that such a promise was given. Their plea with the French, who pressed them to take up arms, was their oath, their living easy under the government, and their having no complaint to make against it. To keep up some form of government among the French i \ ■t-^¥- 160 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. m^u ' l^r 1&;. - inhabitants, governor Philipps ordered them to choose a cer- tain number amongst them, under the name of deputies, to act in behalf of the people, in publishing his orders, and making applications when their occasions should require ; which was accordingly obeyed. This river, divided into eight districts or hamlets, has eight deputies ; the other settlements, mostly, four each; in all I reckon twenty-four. They are every year newly chosen on the tenth of October, the anni- versary of the King's coronation, and of the taking of this fort. They are invested with no judiciary power, but are appointed often as arbitrators in small cases, where, if any of the par- ties are not satisfied, appeal is made to the governor or Com- mander-in-chief and council. At a Council held at the place aforesaid, on Friday October 25th 1745. His Honor proposed, that it would be advantageous to this Government, if means could be found to suppress the inhabit- ants from having any intercourse with the enemy, by supply- ing them with goods or provisions in lieu of their furs, in , order to effect which, proposed that it might in some measure be done by restricting the inhabitants from purchasing more goods than is requisite for their own proper and immediate use ; and also prohibit the buying and selling of all furs or skins, but such as have either been purchased before the war, or are killed by the inhabitants, which they should be obliged to declare upon Oath before the Deputy Collector, before they should dispose of the furs in way of truck or otherways ; and that these two clauses should be inserted in the intended proclamations ; which upon debate was found for several reasons not necessary at this time ; but endeavour to prevent as much as possible that no powder, ball, strouds or blancoat- ing be dis^. :^sed of to the French inhabitants, and to enforce former orders prohibiting all trade with the enemy. P. MASCARENE. Chvr. Mascarene to Deputies of Mines. (Letter Book.) Annapolis Royal, 28th Oct., 1745. Gentlemen,— Being inform'd by several people lately arriv'd from yor. parts that abt. 11 or 12 Indians had the Boldness to stop them ACADIAN FRENCH. 161 & the Live Stock they were bringing hither which is no small matter of surprize considering yor. force & numbers ; how can you expect any assistance or supply of yor. wants from hence when you so shamefully permit such thmga to be committed amongst you ? Take care you be not ye means of Depriving yor. selves of all manner of succour from hence, & Draw In- evitable Ruin upon yor. selves : for your pretended Cloak of fear will not, you may assure yorselves, hold you always Inex- cusable ; but rather in such Cases as this witness against you, for yor. passive Obedience to the Enemy will appear an actual Disrespect to His Britannick Majesty's Governmt. to .which you have Sworn Allegiance. You all know I have frequently forewarned you of the Evil yor. Disobedience may Draw upon you & yor. families, which, if you would avoid, remember to do your Duty as faithful! Subjects, & Despise holding any Correspondence with Mr. Delutre & ye Indians who have Declared themselves Enemys to the Crown uvo for that purpose. Given at Chebucto the 14th Jn\y 1749. ED. CORNWALLIS. Countersigned by order of his Excellency II. DAVIDSON. *'! H I': ' i At a Council holden on board the Beaufort Transport, or friday the 14. July 1749. Present His Excellency The Governor Paul Mascarcno Esqr * Edward How Esqr John Goreliam Esqr Benjamin Green Esqr John Salisbury Esqr Hugh Davidson Esqr, His Excellency opend - bucto with Governor Mascarene, and took his place next to him mi tlie ('ouncil. He was frequently employed in difficult and important negotiations with tlio Indians and the French authorities. Ho was treacherously And barbarously murdered at the instigation of LeLutrc, the priest, near BeauUasin in 1751. — See letter from Louisburg and one from Capt. Cotierell in sxihseqnent pages. Captain How left a widow, who afterwards made a claim on Government for A large sum of money advanced by her husband for the public service. Captain Richard U. How, late of the 8l8t Regt., formerly of Halifax, was odo of ills deflcendaotfl. f '^- ■ ACADIAN FRENCH. 167 Col. MaKcarcno road tlio Oath tlio French Inhabitaiita have hitherto taken, Copy of whicli he delivered to His Excellency Subscribed by the French Inhabitants ; "Je promets & Jure sincerement, en foi de Chretien, que Je serai entierement fidele & oberai vraiment Sa MajcHte Lo Roi George le Second que Jo reconnois pour Le Souverain Seigneur de I'Acadic ou nouvello Ecokho Ainsi Dion me Soit en Aide." Col. Mascarene informed tlic Council that tho French pre- tended that when they took this Oath it was upon Condition, that it shoud bo understood that they shoud always bo exempted from bearing Arms, therefore it was moved to add to the Oath this Clause, tt Co Serment Je prcns sans reserve. But the Council was of opinion, that as no Conditions appear in the Oath they have hitherto taken & subscribed, Avliich Oath is as strong as any Oath of Allegiance can be, it woud only be necessary to let the French know that they must take the Oath, without any Conditional Clauses und(irsto(»d or any reservation whatever Accordingly three French Dcputys, viz Jean Melancon, from Canard River Claude LelJlanc, from Le Grand Pre Phillipc Melancon from Pizic^uid who were come to wait upon iiis Kxcelloncy were called in, . ■■■ rl At a Council held ou board the Beaufort on Wednesday the 6th of Sept. 1749. Present His Excellency the Governor John Horseman John Salusbury \ Charles Lawrence Hugh Davidson >• Esqrs. Benj. Green Wm. Steele ) ■ Deputies from the French districts presented the following letter from the French inhabitants signed by one thousand persons. (Translated from the French.') ' To his Excellency Edward Cornwallis, Captain General, Governor in Chief, and vice Admiral in the King's Province of Nova Scotia or Acadie, Colonel in tho His Majesty, and Gentleman of his service of chamber. We cannot sufficiently tliank your Excellency, for all tlio kindness you were good enough to show us on your arrival, whether in the gracious reception you gave our deputies, or in the term of three months which you have given us, to con- sider the course Ave are to pursue, with respect to tho oath wm . ACADIAN PIIENCH. 173 which His Majesty requires of us. Wo are very contrite, Sir, when we consider the privileges which were granted to us by General Pliilipps, after we had taken the oath of allegiance to his Majesty ; which said Mr. Philipps secured to us the full enjoyment of our property, and the free exercise of our reli- gion, in giving us as many priests as wo required. Two years ago also, His Majesty was pleased to grant ua letters, in which ho grants us the enjoyment of our property. We have received all these promises as coming from his Majesty. Wo have encouragmgly relied upon them ; and have rendered service to the Government of his Majesty, never having had the wish to violate our oath. We believe, Your Excellency, that if His Majesty had been informed of our conduct towards His Majesty's government, he Avould not propose to us an oath which, if taken, would at any moment expose our lives to great peril from the savage nations, who have reproached us in a strange manner, as to the oath we have taken to His Majesty. This one binding us still more strictly, we should assuredly become the victims of their bar- barous cruelty. The inhabitants in general, Sir, over the whole extent of this country, have resolved not to take the oath which Your Excellency requires of us ; but if Your Excellency will grant U3 our old oath which was given at Mines to Mr. Richard Philipps, with an exemption for ourselves and for our heirs from taking up arms, we will accept it. But if Your Elxcellency is not disposed to grant us what we take the liberty of asking, we are resolved, every one of uS; to leave the country. Wo take the liberty. Sir, one and all, to beg Your Excellency to tell us whether or not His Majesty has annulled tho oath given by us to General Philipps. VVhat causes us all very great pain, is tho fact that the English wish to live amongst us. This is the general sentiment of the undersigned inhabi- tants. Thereupon, we hope. Sir, that you will take notice of our humble supplications, and that Your Excellency will allow yourself to bo moved by our miseries, and we, on our part, will exert ourselves to the utmost in praying to God for the preservation of your person. This letter having been read and considered in Council, His Excellency made them the following answer. t t' 'I: i t Pi 1''. 1^ I -■.{ I'i.t i 174 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS, (Translated from the French.) Gentlemen, — Wo have cause to be much astonished at your conduct. This is the third time that you have come here from your departments, and you do notliing; but repeat the same story without the least change. To-day you present us a letter signed by a thousand persons, in which you declare openly that you will be the subjects of His Britannic Majesty, only on such and such conditions. It appears to me that you think yourselves independent of any government ; and you wish to treat with the King as if you wore so. But you ought to know, that, from the end of the year stipulated in the treaty of Utrecht for the evacuation of the country", those who chose to remain in the province became at once the subjects of the King of Great Britain. The treaty declares them such The King of France declares, in the treaty, that all the French Avho shall remain in those provinces, sluill be the subjects of His Majesty. It would be contrary to common sense, also, to suppose that one can remain in a province, and possess houses and lands there, without being subject to the Sovereign of that province. Therefore, Gentlemen, you deceive yourselves if you think that you are at liberty to choose whether you will bo subject to the King or no. From the year 1714, that no longer depended upon you. From that moment, you became subject to the laws of Great Britain, and were placed precisely upon the same footing as the other Catholic subjects of His Mmesty. Being then undoubtedly the subjects of his Britannic Majesty, you ought to have taken the oath of Allegiance to }rour king the moment you were required to do so. You lavo always refused. Gentlemen, to take this oath without an unexpressed reservation. You tell me that General Philipps granted you the reservation which you demand; and I tell you, Gentlemen, that the General who granted you such reserva* tions, did not do his duty. I tell you further. Gentlemen, that this oath has never in the slightest degree lessened your obligations to act always and in all circumstances, as a subject ought to act, according to the laws of God and of your King. Gentlemen, you allow yourselves to be led away by people who find it to their interest to lead you astray. They have made you imagine it is only your oath which binds you to r ACADIAN PSENCH. 175 tho English. Thoy deceive j'ou. It is not the oath which a King administers to his subjects that makes them subjects. Tho oath supposes tliat they are so already. The oath is nothing but a very sacred bond of the fidelity of those who take it. It is only out of pity to your situation, and to your inexperience in the affairs of government, that we condescend to reason with you; otherwise, Gentlemen, the question would not bo reasoning, but commanding and being obeyed. Ilia Majesty himself, in his printed declaration, has guaranteed to you your possessions and your religion. Just think of what you are doing on your part. You talk a great deal of the services you havo rendered to the government since my arrival in the province. What proofs have you given of your attachment and your zeal for your king. I should be delighted to be able to say to his majesty that you are acting as good subjects, and that you havo done all m your power to assist this colony. If, instead of your fre- quent consultations — your messages to the French governors — vour letters signed by a thousand persons, you had sent me a nundred of your inhabitants to work in the service of his majesty, you would have done much better, and would havo found it very much to your advantage. Gentlemen, you have been for more than thirty-four years past, the subjects of tho king of Great Britain, and you have had the full enjoyment of your possessions and your religion. Show now that you are grateful for these favors, and ready to serve your king when your services are required. On your return you will find a detachment of his Britannic majesty's troops at Mines. I have sent them for your protection. When I hear from them, I hope to hear that you have aided and assisted them as much as you could. I havo ordered them to pay for everything in ready money, or in certificates which I shall cash immediately at sight. Manage to let me have here in ten days, fifty of your inha- bitants whom I shall employ in assisting the poor to build their houses, to shelter them from the bad weather. They shall be paid in ready money, and fed on tho king's provisions. Extract from a letter of Oov. Cornwallis to the Board of Trade, dated Chebucto, \lth Sept., 1749. * * * * The french deputies have been here with us this week ; they came as they said with their final answer j '.! ■: ii 176 NOVA SCOTIA D0CUMENT3. ill Ml' 'id' 'it: '^ ; i ji 1 i !' , i J HI i ?" i t; i hi if. 1.1 V ■ I I til' St. your Lordships will soo from the onclosod Copy of their Let- ter which was signed by a thousand Inhabitants, tliat they are, or say they are, resolved to retire, rather than take the Oath of Allegiance. As I am sure they will not leave their Habitations this season, when the letter was road to the Coun* cil in their presence, 1 made them answer without changing any thing of my former Declaration, or saying one word about it. My view is to make them as useful as possible to His Ma- jesty while they do stay. If, afterwards, they are still obsti- nate, and refuse the Oath, I shall receive in Spring His Majes- ty's further Instructions from your Lordships. As they stayed to have copies of my answer in writing, 1 saw them in the afternoon by myself, and exerted them to be faithful to His Majesty, to renounce all connection with France, and give all the assistance in their power to this Colony, as what must turn out greatly for their interest. They went home in good humour promising great things. At a Council held in the Governor's Apartment on Sunday Octr 22. 1749— Present His Excellency The Governor John Horseman John Salusbury Charles Lawrance " ~ Benj. Green His Excellency informed Hugh Davidson Will. Steel Esqra the Council that the French Deputys were come to acquaint him of the Election of new Deputya for the ensuing Year & to present them for hi? Approbation, d and assisted the Indians, and have never givep the least Intelligence to the Government, forgetting * Louis Joseph De la Loutre was sent to Canada, by the Society of Foreign Missions at Paris, in the year 1737. We find him acting as Missionary to the Micmac Indians in Nova Scotia, as early as 1740-1, — Governor Mascarene having addressed a letter to him in January of that year. He was a most deterrvined enemy of British Authority in Acadia, and continued to act In con- junction with Father Germain and others, as emissary and correspondent of the Trench Governors at Quebec, until his departure from the country in 1755. lie appears to have been constantly engaged in instigating the Savages to acts of hostility against Mr. Mascarene's Government. In 1743-4, he headed a body ,of Abenaqui Indians in an attack on the fort cf Annapolis Royal, •' treachery .ously surprising and killing all the English whom he caught without the fort, destroying tlieir cattle, and burning their houses," until prevented by the arri- val of a reinforcement to the relief of the Garrison. — Mascarene's letter io Secretary of State. He went to Canada in the summer of 1745 and returned to liis mission in Sep- tember, having first visited the River St. John to incite the Indians there to hostilities. About this time lie received directions from the Government of Canada, to commuuicate with the French fleet, then off the coast of Ccadia, by signals furnished him. Despatches from the commander of the fleet were on that occasion entrusted to his care. Large sums of money, fire arms, am- munition, and other supplies were frequently furnished him by the French Go- vernment, for distribution among the Indians and Acadian French Inhabitants. His principal residence was at Missiquash, near Fort Lawrence, in Cumber- land, from which he was in the habit of proceeding down the Bay, and by the river Shubenacadie to Chebucto, where he communicated with Due D'Anville's fleet which to:K refuge thare in 1746. — N. V. Paris Doc. In March, 174G, by means of his Indians, he intercepted the letters of the Governor of Louisburg to Governor Mascarene at Aniiapolis, and sent them to Quebec; aad, in July following, he assisted tho officers of a French Frigate, 'I. JLCADIAN FRENCH. 179 m every duty they owe theii* Sovereign; You "^re hereby ordered to seize and secure as many of the Inhabitants as you can, or in case they quit their houses upon your approach, you are to seize and secure as many of their Wives and Children as you think proper, and dehver them to the first English Fort you shall come to, to remain as Hostages of their better beha- viour. You will likewise search their Houses, and the House of the Priest Le Loutre for papers, arms or amunition and Warlike Stores of any kind, which you will take or destroy ; and for so doing and executinfr everything contained in these orders, this shall be to you and all others concerned, a suffi- cient warrant. Given under my Hand & Seal at Halifax the 13th of January 1749. By His Excellency's Command, Hugh Davidson. ED: CORNWALLIS. At a Council held at the Governor's on Monday the 5th of March 1749-50. then on the coast of Acadia, in the capture of several small vessels laden with supplies and provisions for the British forces. The same summer he devised a- plan for laying siege to Annapolis Royal, and we find him conferring with De llamezay and others on that subject. He held the office of Vicar General of Acadia, under the Bishop of Quebec,, a copy of whose letter, remonstrating with him on Ins departure from hi« sacred functions, is still extant. By means of his oflBce, he contrived to obtain an influence over Daudin, Germain, Manach, (or Miniac) and other priests, who- became his agents in reducing tlie Acadians and Indians to the most, abject, submission ; and even over the French Canadian commanders at Beausejour, River St. John, &c., he is said to have exercised a controlling influence. The support which he received in his evil practices from Yaudreuil and GAlissoniere, Governors of Canada, enabled him to hold his position, and carry on his machinations, in disregard of his clerical superiors and the remonstrances of the British authorities ; and he appears to have had the confidence and support of the latter nobleman, not only while Governor of Canada, but after his re- turn to France. By means of the large sums of money which he frequently received from France for the support of his mission, he was enabled to con- struct an aboiteau at Cumberland, whereby a considerable tract of land was re- claimed from the sea. — Collections Hist. Sac, Quebec, vol. 1833; French Does, relating to Acadia, N. S. Archives. On the establishment of the British Colony at Chebucto in 1749, he became a most active disturber of the new settlement, by intercepting dispatches, and encouraging Jean Baptists Cope, the Indian Chief of Shubenacadie River, and his Micraacs, in their attacks upon stragglers and those who ventured beyond the limits of the fortifications to procure firewood. He was also the means of capturing a number of prisoners, some of whom the Government at Halifax were compelled to ransoni with large sums of money. — Governor Cornwallis's letter to Secretary of State. He formed the project of seducing the French inhabitants to leave the coun- ■.;■■ ^ .#, A 1^1 I i'f ''' i'vi.i' lu 180 nova scotia documenta^, Present — ' His Excellency the Governor, John Horseman John Salusbnry Charles Lawrence Hugh Davidson Benjamin Green William Steel. M. Girard Priest & the four Deputies of Cobequid, viz. Jean Hebert, Jean Bourg, Joseph Robichaux & Pierre Gaudrot, were brought before the Council & examined with regard to Pierre Aucoinh being stop'd when he was sent by the Governor with Letters, & Loutres being there in Winter, & the Deputies not: coming to Halifax to make their Submission as usual — Their Examinations were ordered to be kept on File — Jean Bourg having answerd plainly & honesrly & to the Satisfaction of the Council, & having come voluntarily instead of a Deputy that was Sick. He was immediately set at liberty. The three Deputies were to be recommitted to Custody during His Excellency's Pleasure. The Council were of Opinion that Girard should remain .here till the Courier be sent back by Loutre. ED: CORNWALLIS. try for Canada ; and threatened theni yrith an Indian massacre unless they obeyed his injunctions. He is said to have caused the death of Edward IIow, one of Cornwallis's Council, by the most horrible treachery. Having deceived that gentleman by protestations of friendship, he clothed in a French officer's uniform John Cope, the Indian Chief before mentioned, and laying an ambuscade of Indians near the English fort at the Isthmus, he sent Cope to it, carrying a white handker- . chief, which was the usual token for a conference. Captain How, supposing . him to be a French ofBcer, came out, when tlie Indians from the bush imme- I diately fired a volley and shot him through the back. His object in perpetrating this bloody deed, is supposed to have been jealousy of How's influence with the French and Indians. — See Capt.CottereU's letters to Capt. Murray; Letter from Louishvrg in svhseqvtnt pages; French Doc. relating to Acadia, N. S. Archives. He at length became so obnoxious to the British authorities^ that a reward of £100 was offered by Governor Cornwallis for his head.— Z^^^ers to Board of .Trade. An article in the Collections ol tlje Historical Society of Quebec says : "Pride and vanity were his predominant failings. After mining the Acadian French by his unwise counsels, he abandoned them in the moment of their distress. For fear of falling into the hands of the British, he left Fort Bcausojour in disguise, before it surrendered to Monckton— crossed to the River St. John, and went thence to Quebec, where, instead of a welcome, he received bitter ■ reproaches from his Bishop," He embarked for France the following August j but on the passage the ship was captured by the British, and the Abbe de la Loutre was taken prisoner, and sent to Elizabeth Castle, in Jersey, where he remained eight years in confinement. He returned to France at the conclusion • vf the peace in 1763, and probably died in obscurity, as nothing farther is known of him. — Proceedings of the Hist. Society of Quebec ; Knox's Journal, tTol.ilj/p. 144, quotedby Dr, O'Oailaghan in his notes to the JV. ¥. Col. Doc. To G 1 to Pi2 prope best { securi who tc for the to his viour. ACADIAN FRENCH. (Order Book.) 181 By His BxceUency Edward Cornwallis, Captain General & Governor in Chief in and over hia Majesty's Province of Nova Scotia or Accadie. To CaptaiTi John Gorham, — You are to march with your company on Monday morning to Piziquid, * to establish yourself there, you are to take the properest post you can to Dispose of your company to the best advantage, till you can erect a Block house, fc)uncillor of Massachusetts in 1722, and Lieut. Governor in 1733, and continued to hold that office until his death in 1757. — Williamson's Hist. Maine, Vol. 2, page 161, note. Mind's Hist. Mass., Vol. 1. m :i?l^ r m 194 NOVA SCriTA DOCUMENTS. \m IIP m I \y rv .: . r mi) ih ri H a . 5. That tho Courier I sent to the priest, was carried away by some of tho rebel French to Chinecto. I liavo likewise mtellfg'cnco that may be depended on, that tho Frencli have actually niised some kind of Fort at Chinecto upon^ the River Tintamar. Your Grace will be more and more convinced of the neces- sity of securing that Isthmus, by a Fortress, and a strong garrison. It would have been happy for this Province, if it had been done last Summer. I shall follow His Majesty's Instructions, with regard to the Inhabitants taking the Oath of Allegiance ; but I propose tO' defer pressing them upon that head, till we see what can be done at Chinecto, aixl what settlers came from England ; by that time, I hope to have a good blockhouse at Piziquid ; then I will demand a peremptory answer. If the French Inhabitants remain in this Province, I shall desire, above all things, that some method may be found of supplying them with Priests from Germany or Italy. The French missionaries, paid by France, will do every thing in their power, to alienate the minds of the People. * * I am , when he was invited by the Government to settle at Halifax, and to use his influence to quiet the Micmacs, for which service he received an annual? stipend. Though in early life he united with the other priests in opposing British authority, he afterwards became a strenuous supporter of the Government under which he lived, and was much respected at Halifax, where he lived on terms of friend- »hip and intimacy with the principal inhabitants, particularly with the Kev. Thomas Wood, assistant minister of St. Paul's, to whom he imparted a knav- , 6 ACADIAN FRENCH* 185 At a Council hold at tho Governor'rt on Thursday tho 19th of April, 1750. His Excellency being indisposed oc.,'Vol. x. Ill ! -'^ II:, ^ . i !«'. 186 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. their sovereign, and of their nation to lead you to your ruin. You know that certain officers and missionaries, who came from Canada to Cliinocto last autumn, have been the cause of all our troubles during the winter. Their entrance into this province and their stay here are directly contrary to the treaties which exist between the tAvo crowns. Their conduct has been horrible, without honor, probity, or conscience, and such as they dare not acknowledge themselves. Tliey are doing every thing by underhand dealings, and by means of the savages, whom they will disown in the end. It was these, Gentlemen, who induced the savages of the river St. John to unite with the Micmacs, the day after a solemn treaty. They induced the Micmacs to commence their outrages, and furnished them with every thing necessary for their war. Finally, since the peace they have been engaged in intrigues and enterprises for Avhicli an honest man Avould have blushed even during the war. These same Gentlemen are doing their best to cause you to leave the country, and to transfer your- selves to French territory. They have endeavoured to give you very false ideas which you will not fail to declare to us. Their aim is to embroil you with the goverrmient. They have told you that you will always have the privilege of the year stipulated by tlie treaty of Utrecht for the evacuation of the country. Perhaps they have made you believe that you would have the liberty of selling your effects or of carrying them with you. You do not expect that we are to reply to all their insolence. Before commmunicating my sentiments to you with reference to your request, I must inform you of my astonishment that french officers and missionaries have had the audacity to med- dle with the affairs of this province. I will not believe ihat they are authorized to do so by the Court of France, that being quite contrary to the good faith and the friendship es- tablished between the two crowns. And you understand very well that Kings and States, as well as private persons, are to regulate themselves by the laws of honor, and the dictates of conscience. But I am still more surprised that inhabitants like you have been weak enough to listen to the speeches and messages of those persons, and that you have allowed yourselves to be led astray by their counsels. It is not for subaltern officers and missionaries to explain the treaties of Kings, and to meddle with the politics and the affairs of government. If their counsels and the propositions ACADIAN FRENCH. 187 whicl". they make to you proceed from the Frencli governors, why do tlioy not themselves appear in all that. It is true that they would bo acting very badly to interiQoddlo at all with the affairs of this province, or with the subjects of his majesty settled here. If we do anything contrary to the treaties they have only to complain of it to the two courts. I represented some time ago to the king my master, all these intrigues of which I speak, and I do not doubt that you will see that the court of France will disavow them, and will issue an order on the subject for the future. We have grod reason to complain of your having recourse to the counsels of the French governors their officers and missionaries. If you had grievances, it was to us and to the council that you should have applied for the remedy, and after us to his majesty himself. For once more my friends, you are the subjects of the king of Great Britain, and not of France. It is true that you refused to take the oath of allegiance to our king last autumn after the declaration which I published by the king's com- mand ; I informed you then that neither your situation nor your duties as subjects were at all changed by that act. It was at that time that you were indebted to us for not having made you leave the country even during winter. But after having passed the winter in the province and com- menced to prepare the lands in the spring, it is ridiculous to come and tell mo that you will not sow having resolved to withdraw. My friends, you must go and sow your lands in order that they may be left in that condition in which they ought to be at this season. Without that you will have no right to expect the least favor from the government. When you have done your duty in this respect, I will give you a more precise reply to your request. In the mean time as it is my determination to act always in good faith with you and not to flatter you with vain hopes, I will now let you know my sentiments on two important articles. I declare to you frankly that according to our laws nobody can possess lands or houses in the province, who shall refuse to take the oath of allegiance to his king when required to do so. As to those who shall leave the province, the order of no government permits them to take with them their effects. All their goods are confiscated to the king. I have just issued my orders to the effect that all shall be arrested and brought back who are found carrying off such effects. V' V'" If :.'}■ « if I,i !.l' J i' *; 1^ languages, by means of which he was enabled to afford valuable service to his . I employers at Quebec. — Nova Scotia Documents. N. Y. Colonial Documents. * The French offlcers denied this statement, and charged [the crime on Le.- I Loutre the priest. t French Documents relating to Acadia, among N. S. Archires. ; vii chief in his hand, which was the usual sign for the admittance of the French into the English Fort, having affairs with the commander of the Post. The major of the Fort, a worthy man, and greatly beloved by all the French ofiicers, taking Cope for a French officer, came out with his usual politeness to receive him. But he no sooner appeared than the Indians in ambush fired at him and killed him. All the French had the greatest horror and indignation at Loutre's barbarous actions ; and I dare say, if the Court of France had known them, they would have been very far from approving them ; But he had so ingratiated himself with the Marquis de la Galissoniere, that it became a crime to write against him. It is needless to explain further Abbe Loutre's execrable conduct. Cruelty and inhumanity has ever been sacerdotal from all ages. The English Garrison at length, exasperated, and losing patience, after a long series of such priestly scenes, "besieged Beausejour, which, being very weakly defended, they took it in the spring of the year 1755. It would have been, nevertheless, more conformable to equit*^ and justice, if the English had endeavoured to catch Abbe J outre and hang him as the sole author and actor of these abominations. Extract from a Letter of the Lords of Trade to Governor Cormoallis, dated March 22d 1750-1. You judged very right in refusing Leave to the French Inhabitants of the district of Menis and Annapolis to withdiawj upon their Application to you for that purpose ; We arel extreamly glad to hear, that so few of the better sort of tliosej Inhabitants have withdrawn themselves, and have no doubtj but that if you shall be able to prevent their abandoninjj their Settlements just at this time, when the ffrench are pari ticularly industrious to dravr them off from their Allegiance! to the Crown of Great Britain, and the Province ^*s contendinf against all the Disadvantages to which a New aid disputed settlement can be exposed. You will be able hereafter byj ■good Correspondence with them and making them feel ttj Advantages of the Settlement to remove their Prejudic* :and firmly unite them to the British Interest. Extrac as earli to tend article i Mr. C difficult upon tl believe Chignec conditio! retire fn them tha As the been, anc become J in the Sp on this h( Mr. Coi necessary without : to put in how obst. been offei Extract f^ You arl %ht with! tion of thf to be take, goods but) the Inhabf ^is MajeJ redress ycj * IVreginc, ""' Cornwall t ACADIAN FRENCH. 197 Extract from a letter of Governor Hopson* to Lords of Trade, dated Halifax, \(Hh December, 1752. -I should be glad to have your Lordships opinion as early in the Spring as possible, concerning the Oaths I am to tender to the French Inhabitants as directed by the 68th article of my Instructions. Mr. Cornwallis can thoroughly inform your Lordships how difficult, if not impossible, it may be, to force such a thing upon them, and what ill consequences may attend it. I believe he can likewise acquaint you that the inhabitants of Chignecto (who had taken them before with General Phiiipp's conditions) made it a pretence to quit their Allegiance and retire from their lands, tho' it was not otherwise offered to them than by issuing the Kings Proclamation to that effect. As they appear to be much better disposed than they have been, and I hope will still amend and in a long course of time become less scrupulous, I beg to know from your Lordships in the Spring how far Ilis Majesty would approve my silence on this head till a more convenient opportunity. Mr. Cornwallis can inform your Lordships how useful and necessary these people are to us, how impossible it is to do without them, or to replace them even if we had other settlers to put in their places and at the same time will acquaint you how obstinate they have always been when the Oaths have been offered. ' /,:' (Order Book.) Extract from Instructions to the Officers Commanding the Fort at Vieux Logis f and Fort Edioard. % You are to look on the French Inhabitants in the same light with the rest of His Majesty's Subjects, as to the protec- tion of the Laws habitants who havo abandoned their habitations, and to all tie others who have taken the oath of allegiance to his Britp/nnic Majesty, that their oath continues in force as it has ai .v^ays done, and that nobody can annul it without the permission of the king of England, and that, if they be taken in arras against his Britannic Majesty in any place whatever, they shall be treated and punished as criminals. This document, which it does not suit my pur- pose just now to discuss, having come to the knowledge of onr savages, this Baptiste Cope, another mikmak who speaks French, and Toubick, chiefs of the Medootek savages of tho river St. John, undertook on Sunday last, after high mass, to AOADIiN FRENCH. 217 inform all thop ) rofugeos, tliat, if any i)f tliom bLouKI be bold enough to return to the habitations which arc now under Englisu rule, they, the savagcn, speaking in the naino of the whole nation would look upon them us enemies, and would treat them as such. To day, Monday, all these different savages aesembled and bold a council. This, Sir, is the result, and what they request me to cora- municate to you. Primo : They have determined to continue in peace, and to commit no act of hostility against the subjects of Great Britain, until the reply which you. Sir, and council are to givo them on what they propose to you in writing, shall roach them. Secundo : They agree to give i^o insult to those of the English whom they shall moot travelling on the high way ; but that those, who shall depart from it, for the purpose of going into the woods, as the detachment did which came lately to Chigabenakady, which they consider an infraction, shall be treated as enemies. Tertio: That in order to arrive at a solid and durable peace, there shall be ceded to them a certain space of terri- tory which they only shall enjoy, suitable for liunting and fishing, and for the establishment of a village and a mission as a parish. Quarto : That this space of territory shall extend from the south of Bay Verte, comprising Fort Lawrence and lands de- pending on it, to the entrance of Mines, thence ascending into Cobequid as far as and comprising Chigabenakady, and leav- ing this latter place, formerly my mission, in ascending and descending afterwards as far as the river Mouskedaboveck ; and from this place which is on the coast of the east to about eight leagues from Halifax, passing by the bay of all islands, Saint Mary's bay, and Moukoudome as far as Canceau, and from Canceau by the passage of Fronaac to the said Bay Verte.* Quinto : That within this space of territor}", to which they restrict themselves, and which they consider very moderate and very limited in view of the immensity of land they did possess, and of the amount at present in their possession, the enjoyment of which they demand for themselves alone, with all possible tranquillity, there shall exist neither fort nor fortress belonging to the French or the English. * These limits would comprise the whole Eastern half of the Province. ^18 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. m- ■H ih' 'm Sexto : They most earnestly request, that the replies or decisions concerning the above articles be given to them be- tween St. Michael and All Saints, that is to say in the course of the month of October next. I do not doubt, Sir, that you and the counsel will find the proposals of these Savages susceptible of diminution; but if you consider the actual state of a whole nation, compelled for a long time to change too frequently their suitable places of abode, and knowing no longer where to make choice of places in which to live with any sort of stability, besides driven to extremities by a too pressing misery, which they foresee will be still further augmented, you will find in them nothing but what is just. The lands which they leave you are immense in proportion ; whereas these people, living only by hunting and fishing, would still require a much larger extent of terri- tory. It was not for me Sir, to induce any of their chiefs to betake themselves to Halifax in order there to propose the above articles. Their course will depend upon the reply that shall bo made there ; and if there is any likelihood that what they propose will be accepted, you Sir, and the council can send here some one with whom we can treat, and arrange at least the preliminary conditions. They beg me to add Sir, that if their proposals aie accepted, which they do not doubt, the treaty which will be made in consequence, shall bo communicated to their allies, by whom they will have it signed and approved, as well as by them and their missionaries in order to invest it with ever^'^ necessary formality, and to render it mere authentic, so that it may be the more solid and durable. As to myself. Sir, I shall omit nothing on my part to have this very important business crowned with the desired suc- cess. I shall make it my especial duty to contribute to it. I have the honor to be with the most perfect consideration your very humble and obedient Servant, (Signed) P. LeLOUTRE, ptre. g. v. Beausdjour, August 27th, 1754. To Mr. Lawrence, Commander in chief at Halifax. Which being road and considered, the Contents appeared too insolent and absurd to be answered through the Author =1^ ACADIAN FRENCH, 219: nevertheless, It was Resolved that the Commanding Officer of His Majesty's Fort at Chignecto be wrote to, to acquaint the Indians that if they have any serious Thoughts of making Peace, that they may, as they have been already informed, repair to Halifax, where they will be Treated with on reason- able Conditions.* CHAS. LAWRENCE. Jno. Duport, Sec. Cone, ' By Charles Lawrence Esqr. President of the Council, and Commander in Chief for the time being, of His Majesty^s Province of Nova Scotia, or Accadie, Lieutenant Gover- nors of Annapolis Royal, and Lieutenant Colonel of one of His Majesty^s Regiments of Foot. A PROCLAMATION. ' Whereas it has been represented to me and His Majesty's Council, that the Exportation of Corn from this Province, is not only oi the greatest ill Consequence to the Inhabitants thereof, but that such Corn is frequently carried to foreign Markets. I do hereby, by and with the Advice and Consent of His Majesty's Council, strictly forbid any Masters of Vessels trading to this Province, to Ship on board their Vessels any Corn, without a Permission in Writing signed b}'^ myself, under the penalty of Fifty Pounds Sterling, and a forfeiture of the Corn so shipped, One half to the Informer the other to the use and Support of His Majesty's Government in this Province. And I do hereby require and enjoin all Officers, Civil and Military, to use their utmost Endeavours to prevent any Frauds that may be attempted contrary to the Intent and meaning of this Proclamation. And I do hereby impower any of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace eitJier upon Informa- tion or on their own certain Knowledge, to Seize such Corn, and to levy the said Penalty of Fifty Pounds, upon the Goods and Chattels of the Offender, by Distress, unless the said Offender shall give good and Sufficient Security to take his Tryal before His Majesty's Council, and comply with such * See letter from GoTernor Lawrence to Captain Hussey, Nov. 8th, 1734. UH m 220 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMEaJTS. Determination as shall be given, according to tbo Tenor of this rroolamation. Given at Halifax, this 17th of Soptr 1754, in the 28th Year of His Majesty's Reigu. CHAS. LAWRENCE. By Order of the Commander in Chief. God save the King. Jno Duport Sec. Con. Sec letter from Governor Lawrence to Captain Hussey in a subsequent page. Explanation of tlie Corn Act so far as relates to the French Inhabitants. (Commission and Order Book of 1754, p. 63, second part.) The two principal and important reasons for passing this law were, firstly, to prevent the Supplying Corn to the Indians and their Abettors, who residing on the north side of the Bay of Fundy, do commit Hostilities upon His Majesty's Subjects which they cannot so conveniently do, that supply being cut off; and, secondly, for the Bettor supplying of the Halifax Market which has hitherto been obliged to furnish itself from other Colonies, notwithstanding the great Quantities of Grain that are produced at Mines, Piziquid & Canard, and whicli has been hitherto transported to Beausejour & St. John's Iliver. This Law (like all others) is general and does not bind the French Inhabitants more or less than all the rest of His Majesty's Subjects in the Province, The Inhabitants are not constrained to sell their Corn to any Particular person or at any fixed Price ; all that is insisted upon is their supplying the Halifax Market before they think of sending Corn any where else. Their desiring to sell their Grain to Mr. Dyson &, refusing it to Mr. Mauger for the same money appears very extraordinary. , Their complaint of not being able to supply the Inhabitants of Canard and their other Neighbours with Seed corn is a false pretence, because the Roads are very good for Carriages & there is no law or Ordinance against carrying Corn by Land. The French Inhabitants must be very sensible that every possible Indulgence has been shown them, and surely they cannot be ignorant that it is the Practice of every Nation to ACADIAN t^RENCH. 221 hinder the Exportation of Corn nntill the whole of that Nation Is siipplyed ; and they may assure themselves that the Govern- ment will not suffer corn to be carried as usual to Beausejour & St. John's, but are determined to prevent it at any rate, by the most rigorous Execution of the Penal Laws that are or toay be made on that occasion. Letter from Secretary Cotterell to Capt. Murray. (Letter Book.) . ._ Secretary's Office, 23 September 1754. Dear Sir.. — I am favoured with yours of the 20 instant. The Colonel desires you Would keep an Eye upon Daudin, and if you have any Certainty of his meddling in affairs that are not purely Ecclesiastical you are desired to send us information of it. You must tibciolutely refuse ])asse8 to those inhabitants that Want to go to Beaubassin, and acquaint them that they are to pay not the least regard to any Declaration or order whatsoever Irom Mr. Lo Loutre or any person Civil, Military or Ecclesias- tical, except such as go forth from his Majesty's Government Under which they live, and that we know of no right nor au- thority that either Mr. Leloutre or his master, can have to the Lands in any of the Districts of Chiguecto ; and further, that if the Inhabitants within the Peninsula attempt to go thither on any Summons whatever, they must expect to forfeit their Lands within the Peninsula. I am ld me that he was come to let me know 224 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. I )); '."• mmU ■ 'is i. 'A three hundred Indians were come to the Country with no good Intention, that they wore resolved to kill any body I should send Courier, and as both he and the Inhabitants had a great personal regard for me, intreated I would take care of myself. I asked him if they had such a regard for me, why they had taken such a Step as they had done, and disobeyed my Orders ; as for that he said he could not answer, as he was ignorant of the Representation till Monday morning, but that I had taken a very wrong Step in not consulting him before I acquainted You with it, which if I had, he would have brought the Inhabitants in a very submissive manner to me, but in- stead of that, I had sent a Detachment to Colonel Lawrence who was a man the Inhabitants personally hated, and disliked his Government so much, they could never be easy under it, he having treated them so harshly when amongst them. I asked i 'in re all the Inhabitants were that few or none came to the f ort as usual. Sir says he, they are assembled togelb rr and consulting Mischief against the English, they are three Thcr^ >nd ! . .umber, and tho' they have not all Arras yet they have Hatchets, they are so irritated against Colonel Lawrence and the Government, their Grievances being so great, that God knows what they may do. I asked them what these were, he said they ought to have been contracted with for the Wood, and not to have treated a People who were free, as Slaves by forcing them to provide it, they were likewise refused Passports to go to Beaubassin, and a liberty to carry the Corn where they pleased. , I ordered him to go away and mind his ecclesiastical charge only. All this you may depend on, for as the Priest speaks so fast I did not care to trust to my own knowledge of the French Language therefore had Mr. Deschamps to interpret betwixt us and the Officers pres- ent, lest he should deny any thing that past. I{ the Couriers do not go down this Week you may depend on it, it is by his means they are prevented, as all tho Affair of the Indians or the Inhabitants taking up Arms is false, for Mr. Deschamps told me this morning that in Conversation with some of them, he told them what the Priest had said, they were astonished and declared they had no Intention ever to take up Arms, for if at the Return of the Party from Hali* fax they were ordered to bring in the Fuel notwithstanding their Representation, they were resolved to obey." (Signed) • A. Murray, Jno. DupobT) Sec. Cone. CHAS. LAWRENCE* ACADIAN FRENCH. 225 Extract from Minutes of a Council holden at the Governor's Souse inHalifax on Wednesday the 2nd day of October Xl^^* Present — Chas. Lawrence Esqr. President. ; '-' Benj. Green, Jno. Collier, Willm. Cotterell, -Councls. i t Robt. Monckton, *John Rous, * * * # Wliilst the Council were sitting Captain Cox arrived with a Detachment from Pisiquid and brought tho President the following Letter. "Sir,— _ ' • " I received your Orders by Captain Cox last Fryday be- tween the hours of Twelve and One at noon, and immediately sent for the Priest, and told him in presence of the Officers that it was your Orders he 'should forthwith set out for Hali- fax, he pretended he was sick, tho' able to walk to the Fort when sent for. I told him your Orders would admit of no delay or Excuse. ♦ Captain John Rous had been master of a Boston Privateer. He was sent with two ships of 14 guns each, in the summer of 1744 to the Northern coast of Newfoundland, where he attacked tlie Port of Fishot, defended by a French fleet of five large armed vessels, all of which he took ; ho als» took another ship at St. Julian's, of 1(> guns, and ten vessels on the Banks. He retook a British sLip, burned all the fishing establishments in seven different Harbors, and destroyed upwards of eight hundred fishing vessels — all within the short space of one month. — Otis Little's " State of Trade,'' p. 79. He was next en- gaged in the expedition against Cape Breton in 1745. He commanded the Shirley Galley, 24 guns, one of the fleet fitted out at Boston for that service, and was appointed second in command, under Capt. Tyng. After the capture of Louisburg, he was despatched by Governor Shirley to England, with news of the victory ; and as a reward for his gallant services, he was made a Captain in the Royal Navy on* the 24th Sept., 1745. He returned to Louisburg in com- mand of the Shirley; and in 1749 was doing duty at Annapolis and in the Bay of Fundy. In 1755 he commanded the little squadron wliich conveyed the Ex- pedition under Monckton against Beausejour and the other French forts at th& Isthmus, after which he sailed tO' the River St. Johns, where he destroyed all the French fortifications and settlements. In 1756, he was with the unsuccess- ful expedition against Cope Breton, under Lord Loudon ; and while in eom> mand of the Winchil8eay20'guns, he captured a French ship of 1(j guns. The next year he was in command of the Sutherland, 50 guns, at the secoiul siege and capture of Louisburg, and in 1759 at the siege of Quebec. It was from his ship that General Wolfe issued his last order, before storming th« heiglits. Capt. Rous settled at Halifax. He waa sworn in member of Council 1st Octr.» 1754, and died in 1760. His daughter nmrried the Hon. Richd. Bulkeley, tho provincial Secretary.— iV. K Documents, vol.x. Murdoch's Hist. N. S., voia^ p. 392. Council Book* iV. S. HtUchinson's Mass. vol. 2.. IS III ! •■ •H 226 NOVA SCOTIA DQCtTHENtg. " I likewise sent for Claud Brosaart, Charles Lo Blanc, Kap' tiste Galeruo, Jacquo Porret^ and Joseph Herbert, who all came excepting Forret, who is really ill having fallen from a Barn. I also gave them the same Orders before the Officers,, which they very insolently disputed, desiring me to produce my Authority for so doing b}' shewing them your Orders to' me, and were so impudent I was obliged to push them out of my Room. " Yesterday I found Daudin's sickness was nothing but a Sham as he was able to say Mass. I also learned that the four others in place of getting ready to go to Halifax were employed in drawing Petitions and holding seditious As- semblies, so sent for them and put them Prisoners, and after- wards brought Daudin in and confined him to the Fort. Cap- tain Cox, Lieut. Mercer and Ensign Peach with a strong Party escorts them down, the two last being present at the Con- fcroijce I had with the Priest, an Account of which I wrote you by Doctor Steele. Inclosed i§ a Copy of my last Orders given to the Inhabitants, but I have not as yet heard they are disposed to obey them. " Captain Cox will inform you of any thing omitted here. I am with the greatest Respect Sir Your most obedt. humble Servt, (Signed) A. MURRAY." Fort Edward 30th Sept. 1754. Ordered that Mr. Daudin be taken into the Custody of tho SheriiGf, that the four Frenchmen be confined^ and that the Council meet again at five o'clock in the Evening, in order to Examine into the Conduct of the Priest Daudin and the French Inhabitants. At five o'clock in the Evening the Council reassembled and began with the Examination of the French Inhabitants. At a Council holden at the Governor's House in Halifax on Thursday the 3rd Oct., 1764. Present — Chas. Lawrence, Esq., President. Benjn. Green, Jno. Collier, Willm. Cotterell, |-Counc8, Bobt, Monckton, Jno. Rous, At a Co Wednesda the the to thef on ACADIAN FRENCH. 227 Tho Council being aasomblod Mr. Daudin and the Trench Inhabitants were called in and Mr. Daudin presented the paper which he called his Defence : The same having been read and fully considered and nothing appearing therein material towards the Justification of his conduct and behaviour, but on the contrary, everything clearly and evidently proved against him, with which ho had been charged by Captain Murray ; and moreover, it having been observed to him that whilst he was at Annapolis, he had created much un- easiness and discontent amongst the Inhabitants there, also that the Inhabitants of Pisiquid who were very quiet and obedient in his Absence, grew immediately refractory and disobedient upon his return to them. The Council came to a Resolution, with which he was acquainted in tho following words. " You have been ordered to this Place upon a Complaint of ^' the Commanding Officer at Pisiquid, of your havijig behaved ^' in an unbecoming and insolent manner there, and upon Exam- "' ination, it has been fully proved that you have in an impu- " dent and threatening manner before the said Commanding: " Officer and other of His Majesty's Subjects, uttered Words "highly reflecting upon His Majesty's Government; also that " your behaviour amongst the Inhabitants has been such as haa "a Tendency to promote Seditious and undutiful behaviour " towards his Majesty's Government which are Crimes of a " very high nature and for which you might justly expect " severe punishment, but in regard of your Function, The *' Council have omitted your deserved punishment therefor, " and only have resolved to remove you out of the Country, as "they are determined that no Priest shall remain in the Pro- " vince who shall dare to intermeddle with the Affairs of His . *' Majesty's Government." The Inhabitants were then severely reprimanded and ex- horted to return and immediately bring in the Wood as had; been ordered, which Duty if they neglected any longer to. perform they would certainly suffer military Execution. , 1 i 1 ' . Jno. Ddport, Secy, Cone. CHAS. LAWRENCE. At a Council holden at the Governor's House in Halifax on ^ Wednesday the 9th day of Oct., 1754. 228 NOVA SCOtIA DOCCMENtS'^ ■ i f ■ .i '■ Present Chas. Lawrence, Esq., President. Jno. Collier, Willm. Cotterell, Robt. Monckton, Jno. Rous, Conncs. The President acquainted the Council that six French Fami' lies, consisting of Twenty-eight Persons, who had dcaortcd their Lands in this Province were arrived at Halifax, and desired to be permitted to return to their said Lands. Tho Heads of the said Families being called in and asked the Reason of their quitting their Lands, They declared that upon the first Settling of the English at Halifax, they were so terri- fied by the Threats that Mr. Le Leutre had used and his declaring tho great distresses they would be reduced to if they remained under the Dominion of the English, That thoy, on that account, had retired and were set down on the Island of Cape Breton, where they had remained ever since ; but that the Land there being so very bad they were utterly inca- pable of subsisting their Families, and had applied to the Governor of Louisbourg for leave to return to their former Habitations, to which he had consented. Tliey further de- clared that if the Council Avould permit them to enjoy their former Lands, that they were willing to take tho Oatli of Allegiance to His Majesty, and that their future Behaviour . should be unexceptionable. The Council being of Opinion that tho return of these People might have a good Effect, not only on the German Settlers, many of whom had formerly deserted to the French, but also on the other French Inhabitants, by voluntarily taking the Oath of Allegiance to His Majesty, unqualified by any reservation. And it appearing that they were in very great distress being intirely destitute of all necessaries, It was Resolved that they should be permitted to return to their former Possessions, and that Twenty -four of them being the most necessitous, should be allowed Provisions during tho Winter, and that the other four should have a Week's Provi- sions given them to Subsist them till they returned to their former Habitations at Pisiquid where they would be assisted by their Friends and Relations. The said Inliabitants then very chearfully took tho Oath of Allegiance to his Majesty, appointed to be taken by the french Inhabitants. ****** Jno, Dupoet, Secy. CHAS : LAWRENCE. ACADIAN FRENCH. 229 Thomas Pichon* to Captain Scott. •(Translated from the French.) ,r . October 14th 1754. Sir and very dear friend, — I belie vo I rei)lied to the letter witli wliich you honored me two months ago. I expected to receive one from you since, and because I am tired of waiting for the pleasure of hearing from you, T am now going to tell you all that I know, for the purpose of inducing you to write. Daudin's affair is causing a good deal of noise. We heard of it in the evening of the 7th by a man of the iiame of Jacob Michel from Port Royal, who was to bring papers from that priest to Moses, which would have been found, no doubt, had a strict search been made in arresting him. The next day — Sunday — Moses preached a most violent sermon, in which he singularly accommodated the British nation, and concluded by saying offensive things to the refugees, whose crimes are, in his opinion, the sole cause of the detention of a holy man. He afterwards represented to them what they — the refugees — had to expect from the English. That when they return to the other side, they will have neither priests nor sacraments, * Thomas Pichon (alias Thomas Signis Tyrrell) was a native of France, brought up at Marseilles, and in early life a medical student. He possessed considerable classical attainments ; and having been employed as tutor in the family of a nobleman, obtained through his interest an appointment of inspector of hospitals in Bohemia in 1743. While in that country he became acquainted with Count Uaymond. When the Count was made Governor at Louisburg, in the Isle Koyale (now Cape Breton), Pichon went with him as his secretary, and held that situation from 1751 to 1753. Ho was then transferred to Fort Beausejour (Chignecto), as a Commissary of Stores. Having become known to Captain Scott, the commandant of the English fort on the Isthmus, he entered into a secret correspondence with Scott, Hussey, &c., the British officers in charge of the English forts, and furnished them with all possible information as to the movements of Le Loutre, the state of the garrison of Beausejour, &c., until the capture of the forts in 1755. Pichon was made (ostensibly) a prisoner with the rest of the garrison. He was brought first to Pisiquid (Windsor), and then to Halifax. There he was apparently a prisoner on parole, and under the surveillance of Mr. Archibald Hinshelwood, one of the officers of Government. Pichon, while in Halifax, made intim "oy with French prisoners of rank detained there, and reported their plans a r^ conver- sations to the Halifax Government. He received money and articles oi' dress, &c., which he requested from the English commandants in exchange for his information. In 1758 he went to London, where he resided until his death in 1781. He wrote a book on Cape Breton and St. John island (P. E Island), containing accurate descriptions of the Indians, and other valuable information. This work was published anonymously, m English and in French, in London. 1760, and in Paris in 1761. He claimed the name of Tyrrell, as that of his. mother's family.— iVS. vol. entitled " Tyrrell Papers," JVl S. Archives; Mur- doch's History of Nova Scotia, vol. 2, pp. 2G1, 272; Sfc. '^i»'^ 230 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. iu bnt will (lio like miscrablo wretches. Tho voliomencc, or ratlior tlio potulanoo, with which ho preached, exhausted him to such an extent that ho was obliged to go at it twice, fie thon told these poor refugees to appear, after mass, at tho commandant's who had a letter from tho general of C.'anada for them. The refngoes did not come, however. Monsieur do Vergor* sent a sergeant twice, to summon them ; a score of them arrived in the fort. As they seemed in no hurry to enter. tho impatient commander went to his door and called the himself, and in order to induce them to enter more rapidly, lio threatened to put them in irons, and spoke to them in tho harshest manner. After they had got in, M. Do Vorgor's clerk read to thcra tho letter, which is in terms more polite. Its tendency is to urge them to stay Avith the French and to establish themselves. It promises them various assistance. This letter, as you can well imagine, had been prepared at tho instance of Mosesf himself. Tlicse poor people retired with- out compliment. Moses was present and played the part of Aaron. lie was tho spokesman. M. De Vergor stutters. This same Moses 1ms since sent some emissaries to tho priest Chauvreux, who report that Daudin had been trans- ferred to Halifax,' and yesterday, Sunday, ho preached not Ic^ violently than on the preceding Sunday, concerning the p seciited Daudin ; but he added that he was going to be sem, to England. Workmen have just been ordored to finish tho fort, and to repair the road to Bay Verte, which is almost im- practicable for carriages. You will have known that on tho 2l8t of last month, 83 of the refugees sent two of their depu- ties to carry their jjotition to the general of Canada, asking for authority to return to their old possessions, since we can- not give them on our side land suitable for cultivation ; and stating that those which are offered them are in places dis- ,puted by the English — that they are not released from the * M. DuchHmbon de Vergor, commandnnt at Beausejour, was son of M. Du- • chambon, who surrendered Louisburg to Pepperell in 1745. He was pronioteil to this post by Bigot, Intendant of Canada, who liad served at Louisburg under his father. He had relations in Acadia — his mother being a member of the iLaTour family. — Murdoch's Hist. N. S., vol. 2, p. 234. M. Vergor made but ,a feeble defence of Beausejour. He is represented to have been under the influence of M. Le Loutre, who commanded his Indian allies. He was be- trayed by Thomas Pichon, his commissary of stores, and abandoned by Le IfOUtre, who fled on the approach of the enemy. — Tyrrell papers, iV". S. iDocuments. ■ t M. Pichon, throughout his letters, in speaking of the Priest Le Loutre, . calls him Moses. ACADIAN I-TlENCn. 231 oatli wlncli thoy have taken to the king of Groat Britain ; and that, if taken among the French, thoy arc threatened with being nunislied as criminals. These are the motives. Moses, ever vigilant and active, having had communication through M. De Vorgor, has made tiie finest observations on tiiis petition ; and 1 have assisted him in manufacturing some very long letters, in the form of dissertations for the General, the I'ishop, and the Intendant. These deputies are expected about the end of the month ; perhaps I shall »ee the replies which thoy will bring, and yon shall then see what the politicians and casuists will have decided upoiu In tho mean time, Moses declared at the altar to those refu- gees who signed tho request, that if they did not come to his house and retract what they had done, and efface their marks with their spittle, they should have no paradise to look for- ward to, nor sacrameiits to ^o to. There art several who have not dared to refuse acquies- ence in such strong and powerful reasons, *■***?* Yesterday the fourteenth, Moses came and took me to his house to road the analysis of his letters from the mo4ith of January, which I have made for him. He showed me several letters, and a journal of the Abbe Daudin, which we read. He liad just received the whole by some express which he had sent on hearing of his detention, ^o his (Daudin's) papers were not seized at the time of his arrest. People would have seen some strange things in them. He complains to Moses that the English know what is going ou here. Ohauvreux said tne same thing some time ago. I am still with the most inviolable attachment, Omjiino Deditus, i&c. Petition of tlie Inhabitants of Cohequid to the InhaJbitants of the Parish of Beaubassin. (Tyrrell's papers.) (Translated from die rrencli.) Brothers, — While we were tranquil, and thought we were in the enjoyment of peace, Mr. Joseph Gorora * came with sixty * Joseph Gorhain was a native of New England, and brother to Colonel John Oorhani. He was a Lieutenant of Ranfcers in the service of this Province under Gov. Cornwallis in 1749. He attained tho rank of Major in the Ameri- «an Rangers. 2nd August, 1760, and that of Lieut.-Colonel in 1771. On the 20th December, 17G6, Mr. Gorliam tooik the oaths and his acat as Ji member o . .i-TJi^^ R n WJ 232 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. isf' hi. lif 1 i I i't men to John Roberts'. Mr. Gorom came stealthily and at night, and carried off our pastor and our four deputies. He read his instructions, by which he is ordered to seize upon all the guns found in our houses, and consequently to reduce us to a condition similar to that of the Irish. Mr. Gorom has returned to John Roberts'. He has pitched his camp there, and expects his brother with a hundred men. He is preparing to e8taV)lish there a block-house and a small fort, in order to obstruct the roads and prevent the departure of the inhabitants. There is no doubt that the English, early in spring, will place vessels to guard the passage of the en- trance. Thus we see ourselves on the very brink of ruin, exposed to be carried off, and transported to the English islands, and to lose our religion. Under these unhappy circumstances, we have recourse to your charity; and we earnestly ask you to assist us in getting out of the hands of the English, and in withdrawing ourselves to French territory, where we can enjoy the exercise of our religion. We ask you to strike a blow ; and after we have driven Mr. Gorom from our parish, we will all go for our brothers at Pigiguitz, at Grand Pre, and at Port Royal, who will join us for the purpose of delivering themselves from the slavery with which they are threatened. We do not seek to make Avar. If the country belongs to the English, wo will give it up to them ; but as we are the masters of our own persons, we wish absolutely to leave it. It is your brothers who ask you for help ; and we think that the charity, religion, and union that have always existed betAveen us, Avill constrain you to come and rescue us. Wo are AA^aiting for you : you know that the time is hurry- ing on ; and Ave beg you to send us a prompt reply. This is what I have been requested to Avrite to you, Gentlemen, in faith of Avhich I have signed the present petition. J. L. Lb LOUTRE, Missionary Priest. His Mjyesty's Council. '« held for many years the appointment of Lieut. Governor of the Militr ost of Placentia in Newfuunilland, having succeeded Capt. 0th Hamilton .iiat command about the year 1770. His seat in Coun- cil was declared vacan. in June, 1772. It does not appear that he permanently resided at Placentia, as we find him despatched to Cumberland with his com- pany of Hangers, on service, in 1776. Col. Gorhain took a great interest in Indian affairs, and possessed much influence over the Chiefs of the Micniac Tribe. The service of the Church of England, in the Micmac language, was occasionally read to the Indians, at his house in Halifax, by the Kev. Tliumas Wood of St. Paurs, during the year 1770.— iVi S. Documents ; N. S. Council Books ; Repoiis S. P. Q. ; Attny Lists. ACADIAN FRENCH. 233 The Tintamarea ask the opinion of the parish as to their rendering assistance to the Inhabitants, who implore help. Indorsed — Request of the Inhabitants of Coboquit. The InhahUants of Acadia to the French King. (Tyrrell's Papers.) (Translated from the French.) Sire,— The French Acadians, catholics, implore your majesty's powerful protection. The peninsula, which they inhabit, has been ceded to the crown of England by the treaty of Utrecht, confirmed, it is said, by that of Aix la Chapelle. By the former treaty, they are to enjoy the free exercise of their religion, in case they remain in this province; and they have the liberty for a year, of leaving it, with all their personal property. Far from limiting these conditions, the English government has appeared to grant them still n)ore favorable ones. First, in not demanding from them any oath, or any engage- ment during the twelve years that have followed the peace of Utrecht ; but still more, by the clauses that the government itself inserted in 1727, in the oath which it demanded. These clauses cannot be separated from the oath ; and, both the in- habitants in accepting them, and the government in granting them, in the name of King George the Second, have done nothing but what was a natural consequence of the treaty of Utrecht, and at the same time conformable to the laws of Great Britain, where acts, proposed by the people, acquire, when they are approved by Royal authority, a force which the king himself cannot take away from them. Mr. Cornwallis, the new governor of Acadie, intends, howevei', to oblige all the inhabitants to take a new oath without conditions, and announces to them by the same order a course quite contrary to that of his predecessors, to which the petitioners liave declared that they could not submit. 1 ° As to the article concerning religion, it appears that the English governor, wishing to undertake the providing of priests, and not being willing even that these new mission- aries should recognize the authority of the Bishop of Quebec, has sought only the means of entirely depriving the people of them. 2 ® By the obligation to make war, which he wishes to 234 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. »r :!;• impose upon them, and hy tlie other declarations wliich he has made, it seems that he wishes to compel them to take up arms against the savages ; which is not only against all justice, since the savages have always lived on good terms with them, but it is beyond their power. 3 ® By declaring, that the year granted to the inhabitants of Acadie, to withdraw with their personal property, expired in 1714, there appears a design formed for the purpose of ruining those inhabitants who have been lulled to sleep from that time by the tranquillity in which they were allowed to remain up to 1727, and by the conditions appended to the oath, Avhich they have been made to take since. Wherefore the said inhabitants beg His Majesty (not only / his pater- nal kindness for the french name, and his attadment to reli- gion, but by the right which he has to see the conditions of the treaty of Utrecht executed) to induce the King of Great Britain to revoke? the new orders of Mr. Cornwallis, and to maintain the said inhabitants in the free exercise of the catho- lic religion, and consequently in the right of having French missionaries sent by the Bishop of Quebec, who should obtain, as heretofore, the permission of the English governor to per- form their ministrations. 4 ° To exempt them from the obligations to take up arms. 5 ® As they can not doubt, that the intention of the new English government is to embarrass them in their conscience, and as several of them have already been proscribed without any form of justice, they ask that the year for withdrawing with their personal property, shall commence only from the day of the publication of the new treaty that shall intervene, or from the decree which they hope His Britannic Majesty, will issue on this subject. Finally, not being able to know what effect their representations will have, they place entire confidence in the charity of the King, and they ask that he will be kindl}'- pleased to order, that they be furnished with grants of French territory joining Acadia, with the same ftivours that His majesty granted to the inhabitants of Islo Royale. Mr. Cotterell to Capt. Murray. (Letter Book.) Secretary's Office, 21 October 1754. Dr. Sir, — I received your favour, the Inhabitants have given in a ACADIAN FRENCH. 235 very submissive Memorial for Daudin, be himself is extremely humble and upon promises of future good behaviour on all Bides he is permitted to return. Antoine Henry who came with a Petition from Cobequid in behalf of those people whose names you transmitted, has taken the oathy and is permitted to return to his Lands and if others appear before you & take the oath which I now send you for that purpose they will have the same liberty.* * To Captain Murray Piziquid. I am &c. W. COTTERELL. Commanding Extract from a Letter of Lords of Trade & Plantations to Govr. Lawrence.-f Whitehall, Octr. 29, 1754. Having mentioned to you our Apprehensions of an Indian War, and pointed out to you in general the Measures neces- sary to be pursued in case such an Event takes place, it leads us to take notice of what you say concerning the State of the Province Avith respect to the French Inhabitants, a circum- Btance which has hitherto Cooperated witli Indian Hostilities, as an obstruction to its Settlement, which you rightly observe will continue to obstruct it while the French remain possessed of Forts and Settlements at Beau Sejour, Bay Verte and St. Johns, and tho' we cannot form a proper Judgement or give a final Opinion of what Measures may be necessary to be * At a Council held the same day " upon consideration that the Inhabitants had returned to their Duty, and Mr. Daudin had made the higliest submissions, recanted liis former Beliaviour, and promised to comport liimself, for the future dutifully to the Government, were of Opinion that as the Inhabitants could not |{et another Priest this Winter Mr. Daudin be permitted to return." t Charles Lawrence was Major in Warburton's ReRiment of foot, which formed part of the garrison of Louisburg under Govr. Hopson. He came up with the army to Halifax, in July 1749, and was soon after appointed by Gov. Cornwallis one of his Council. During the years 1750 and 1761, he was en- gaged in driving the French from their encroachments at Beaubassin aud Chig- necto. In 1752, he proceeded with the Gorman settlers to Mulagash Bay, and assisted in founding the town of Lunenburg. He attained the rank of Colonel In the army in 1757. Lawrence administered the government of the Trovince on the retirement of Hopson, and was appointed Lt. Governor in 1754, and Governor in chief in 1756. During his administration, ihe forcible removal of the Acadian Frencn from the Province, took place, and was conducted under his directions; after their departure, it was through his exertions that the Western and Middle counties were settled by emigrants from the Old Colonies. .,1 236 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. :i.t^ I K^ f '■ vv ''fti' li- P ^ ^Hlii hmh 1 r'HP ;T I ■^'^'^' r-F '-!! taken with regard to those Inhabitants, until We have laid the whole State of the Case before His Maiesty and received his Directions upon it, yet it may not be altogether useless to point at some Provisional Measures which it may be proper to enter upon untill His Majesty's Pleasure can bo known. We were in hopes that the Lenity which had been shewn to those People by indulging them in the free Exercise of their Religion, and the quiet Possession of their Lands, would by degrees have gained their Friendship and Assistance and Weaned their Affections from the French ; but We are sorry to find that this Lenity has had so little Effect, that they still hold the same Conduct, with respect to them and Us, that they did before the Settlement of the Pro- vince, furnishing them with Labour, Provisions and Intelli- gence and concealing their Designs from Us. The Proclamation you issued for recalling those of the Districts of Minas and Piziquid, who went to work at the Dyke the French are making at Beau Sejour, and the proposal you made to employ them at Halifax, was certainly a proper and prudent step, and We should have been glad to have found that it had the desired Effect, but this is a Circum- stance which in the present state of the Province is not to be hoped for. It is certain that by the Treaty of Utrecht their becoming subjects to Great Britain (which We Apprehend they cannot be but by taking the Oaths required of Subjects) is made an express Condition of their continuance, after the Expiration of a Year, and therefore it may be a question well worth con- sidering, how far they can be treated as Subjects without Governor Lawrence was appointed to the command of a Brigade by General Amherst, at the second siege of Louisburg in 1758. During his adminitstration, the first Legislative Assembly was convened at Halifax, under his authority, and met on 2nd Octr., 1768. He died at Halifax, on Sunday, 19th Octr., 1760, after eight days' illness, in the prime of life, of inflammation of the lungs, said to have been caused by a cold, taken At a Ball at Government House. He was unmarried. The Legislature voted a monument to his memory to be erected in St. Paul's Church, Halifax, " From a grateful sense of the many important services which the Province had received from him during a continued course of zealous and indefatigable endeavours for the public good, and a wise, up- right, and disinterested administration." This monument is not to be found among those which now adorn the walls of St. Paul's Church. Tlie expense of his funeral was defrayed out of the public chest. — Journals of N. S. Legis- lature. Manuscript Documents N. 8. " He was a man inflexible in his purposes, and held control in no feeble hands. Earnest and resolute, he pursued the object of establishing and con- flnning British authority here with marked suooess." — Murdoch's Uxst. N- S., vol. 2. ACADIAN FRENCH. 237 taking such Oaths, and whether their refusal to take them, will not operate to invalidate the Titles to their Lands ; it is a question, however, which We will not take upon ourselves absolutely to determine, but could wish that you would con- sult the Chief Justice upon this Point, and take his Opinion, which may serve as a foundation for any future measure it may be thought advisable to pursue with regard to the Inha- bitants in general. As to those of the District of Cliignecto, who are actually gone over to the French at Beau Sejour, if the Chief Justice should be of opinion that by refusing to take the Oaths without a reserve, or by deserting their Settle- ments to join the French, they have forfeited their Title to their Lands, We could wish that proper Measures were pur- sued for carrying such Forfeiture into Execution by legal Process, to the end that you might be enabled to grant them to any persons desirous of settling there, where We appre- hend a Settlement would be of great utility, if it could, in the present situation of things, be effected ; and as Mr. Shirley has hinted in a Letter to the Earl of Halifax that there is a probability of getting a considerable number of People from New England to settle there, you would do well to consult him upon it ; but it appears to Us that every Idea of an English Settlement at this place would be absurd but upon a supposition that the French Forts at Beau Sejour, Bay Verte , or for the protection of our children, and of ourselves. " Any inhabitant who may have his oxen in the woods, and who may need them for purposes of labour, would not dare to expose himself in going for them without being prepared to defend himself. " It is certain, Sir, that since the savages have ceased fre- quenting our parts, the wild beasts have greatly increased, and that our cattle are devoured by them almost every day. Besides, the arms which have been taken from us are but a feeble guarantee of our fidelity. It is not the gun which an inhabitant possesses, that will induce him to revolt, nor the privation of the same gun that will make him more faithful ; but his conscience alone must induce him to maintain his oath. An order has appeared in your Excellency's name, I *J) «f ACADIAN FRENCH, 249 given at Fort Edward Juno 4th; 1755, and in the 28th year of his Majesty's reign, by which we are commanded to carry guns, pistols etc. to Fort Edward. It appears to us, Sir, that it would be dangerous for us to execute triat order, before re- presenting to you the danger to which this order exposes us. The savages may come and threaten and plunder us, reproach- ing us for having furnished arms to kill them. We hope. Sir, that you will be pleased, on the contrary, to order that those taken from us be restored to us. By so doing, you will afford us the means of preserving both ourselves and our cattle. In the last place, we are grieved, Sir, at seeing ourselves de- clared guilty without being aware of having disobeyed. One of our inhabitants of the river Canard, named Piere Melan^on, was seized and arrested in charge of his boat, before having heard any order forbidding tiiat sort of transport. Wc beg Yonr Excellency, on tliis subject, to have the goodness to make known to us your good pleasure before confiscating our pro- perty and considering us in fiiult. This is the favour we ex- pect from your Excellency's kindness, and we hope that you will do us the justice to believe that very far from violating our promises, we will maintain them, assuring you that we are very respectfully. Sir, Your very humble and obt. servants,'^ Signed by twenty-five of the said inhabitants. " Mines, June 24, 1755. " To his Excellency Charles Lawrence, Esq., Governor of the province of Nova Scotia or Acadie. Sir,— "All the inhabitan*^' of Mines, Pisiquid and the river Canard, beg your Excelie. y to believe that if, in the petition which they have had the honor to present to your Excellency,, there shall be found any error or any want of respect towards the government, it is intirely contrary to their intention ; and that in this case, the inhabitants who have signed it, are not more guilty than the others. " If, sometimes, the inhabitants become embarrassed in your Excellency's presence, they humbly beg you to excuse their timidity ; and if, contrary to our expectation, there is anything hard in the said petition, we bog your Excellency to do us the favour of allowing us to explain our intention. I' f in 250 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. We hope that your Excellency will be pleased to grant us this favour, begging you to believe that we are very respects fuUy, Sir, Your very humble and very obedient servants," Signed by forty-four of the said inhabitants in the name of the whole. The Lieutenant Governor at the same time acquainted the Council that Capt. Murray had informed him that for some time before the delivery of the first of the said memorials the French Inhabitants in general had behavcsd with greater Submission and Obedience to the Orders of the Uovernment than usual, and had already delivered into him a considerable number of their Fire Arms, but that at the delivery of the said Memorial they treated him with great Indecency and Insolence, which gave him strong Suspicions, that they had obtained some Intelligence which we were then ignorant of, and which tht Lieutenant Governor conceived might most probably be a Report that had been about that time spread amongst them of a French Fleet being then in the Bay of Fundy, it being very notorious that the said French Inhabi- tants have always discovered an insolent and inimical Dispo- sition towards Hi^ Majesty's Government when they have had the least hopes of assistance from France. The Lieutenant Governor likewise acquainted the Council that upon his receipt of the first Memorial, he had wrote to Captain Murray to order all those who had Signed the same, to repair forthwith to Halifax to attend him and the Council thereon, and that they were accordingly arrived and then in waiting without. The Council having then taken the Contents of the said Memorials into Consideration, were unanimously of Opinion That the Memorial of the 10th of June is highly arrogant and insidious, an Insult upon His Majesty's Authority and Government, and deserved the highest Resentment, and that if the Memorialists had not submitted themselves by their sub- sequent Memorial, they ought to have been severely punish- ed for their Presumption. The Deputies were then called in and the Names of the ■Subscribers to the Memorial read over, and such of them as ■were present, ordered to Answer to their Names, which thev did to the number of fifteen, the others being Sick, after which the Memorial itself was again road, and they were severely jreprimanded for their Audacity in Subscribing and Presenting so im and I Matt( a sub forth selves tance, treat 1 as we mi ACADIAN FRENCH. 251 80 impertinent a Paper, but in Compassion to their Weakness and Ignorance of the Nature of our Constitution, especially in Matters of Government, and as the Memorialists had presented a subsequent one, and had shewn an Appearance of Concern for their past behaviour therein, and had then presented them- selves before the Council with great Submission and Repen- tance, The Council informed them they were still ready to treat them with Lenity, and in order to shew them the falsity as well as Impudence of the Contents of their Memorial, it was ordered to be read Paragraph by Paragraph, and the Truth of the several Allegations minutely discussed, and Remarks made by the Lieutenant Governor on each Para- graph, to the following Effect, vizt. It was observed in Answer to this Paragraph of their Memo- rial of the 10th of June " That they were affected with the Proceedings " of the Government towards them." That they had been always treated by the Govermont with the greatest Lenity and Tenderness. That they had enjoyed more Privileges than English Subjects, and had been indulged in the free Excercise of their Religion. That they had at all times full Liberty to consult their Priests, and had been pro- tected in their Trade and Fishery, and had been for many Years permitted to possess their Lands (part of the best Soil of the Province) tho' they had not complied with the Terms, on which tho Lands were granted, by Taking tho Oath of Allegiance to the Crown. They were then asked whether they could produce an Instance that any Privilege was denied to them, or that any hardships, were ever imposed upon them by the Govern- ment. They acknowledged the Justice and Lenity of the Govern- ment. Upon the Paragraph where " They desire their past Conduct might be con- " sidered." It was remarked to them that their past Conduct was con- sidered, and that the Government were sorry to have occasion to say that their Conduct had been undutifull and very ungrate- full for tho Lenity shown to them. That they had no Returns of Loyalty to the Crown, or Respect to His Majesty's Govern- ment in the Province. That they had discovered a constant 252 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENT?. disposition to Assist His Majesty's Enemies, and to distress In"» Subjects. That they had not only furnished the Enemy with. Provisions and Ammunition, but liad refused to supply the Inhabitants, or Government, with Provisions, and when they did Supply^ they have exacted three times the Price for which they were sold at other Markets. Tliat tliey had been indolent and Idle on their Lands, had neglected Husbandry,, and the Cultivation of the Soil, and had been of no use to the Province either in Husbandry,. Trade or Fishery, but had been rather au Obstruction to the King's Intentions in the Settlement. They were thon. apkv^d whether they could mention a single Instance of Servico to i^.he Government. To which they were incapable of making any Reply. Upon reading this Paragraph, '^ It seems that your Excellency is doubtfuU of " the Sincerity of those who have promised fidelity, " That they had been so far from breaking their " Oath, that they had kept it in spight of terrifying " Menaces from another Power '' They were asked What gave them Occasion to suppose that the Government was doubtfuU of their Sincerity ? and were told, that it argued a Consciousness in them of insincerity and want of Attachment to the Interests of His Majesty and hk Government. That as to taking their Arras, They had often urged that the Indians would annoy them if they did not Assist them, and that by taking their Arms by Act of Govern- ment, it was put out of the Power of the Indians to threaten or force them to their Assistance. That they had assisted the King's Enemies, and appeared too ready to Join with another Power, contrary to the Allegiance they were bound by their Oath to yield to His Majesty. In Answer to this Paragraph, " We are now in the same disposition, the purest " and sincorest,. to prove in every Circumstanco " Fidelity to His Majesty in the same manner as wo " have done. Provided that His Majesty will leave " us the same Liberties which he has granted us " They -wore told that it was hoped, they would hereafter give Proofs of more sincere and pure dispositions of Mind, in the Practice of Fidelity to His Majesty, and that they would for- bear to Act in the manner they have done, in obstructing th« X'CATOAl? ti-HENCH. 25S iSettlement of the Province, by Assisting the Indians and French to the distress and Annoyance of many of His Majesty's Subjects, and to the Loss of the Lives of several of the Enghsh Inhabitants. That it was not the Language of British Sub- jects to talk of Terms with the Crown, to Capitulate about their Fidelity and Allegiance, and that it was insolent to insert a Proviso, that they would prove their Fideh'ty Pi'OVided that His Majesty would give them Liberties. All His Majesty's Subjects are protected in the Enjoyment of every Liberty, while they contmuo Loyal and faithfuU to the Crown, and when they become false and disloyal they forfeit that Protection. That they in particular, tho they had acted so insiTicerely on every Opportunity, had been left in the full Enjoyment of their Religion, Liberty and Properties, with an Indulgence beyond what would have been allowed to any British Subject, who could presume, as they have done, to join in the Measures of another Power. They were told in answer to tho Paragraph where, " They desire their Canoes for carrying their " Provisions from one River to another and for " their Fishery " That they wanted their Canoes for carrying Provisions to the Enemy, and not for their own use or the Fishery, That by a Law of this Province, All Persons are restrained from carry- ing Provisions from one Port to another, and every Vessel, Canoe or Bark found with Provisions is forfeited, and a Penalty is inflicted on tho Owners. They were also told in Answer to the following Paragraph, "They Petition for their Guns as part of their " Goods, that they may be restored to defend their ^' Cattle from the Wild Beasts, and to preserve " themselves and their Children, That since the " Indians have quitted their Quarters, the Wild " Beasts arc greatly increased " That Guns are no part of their Goods, as they have no Right to keep Arms. By the Laws of England, All Roman Catno- licks are restrained from having Arms, and they are Subject to Penalties if Arms are found in their Houses. That upon the Order from Captain Murray many of tho Inhabitants voluntarily brought in their Aims, and none ot them pretended that they wanted them for defence of their |i B« '0 254 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Cattle against Wild Beasts, and that the Wild Beasts had not increased since their Arms were surrendered. That they had acme secret Inducement, at that time, for presuming to demand their Arms as part of their Goods and their Right, and that they had flattered themselves of being supported in their Insolence to the Government, on a Report that some freneh Ships of War were in the Bay of Fundy. That this daring Attempt plainly discovered the falsehood of their Professions of Fidelity to the King, and their readiness has been visible upon every Intimation of force or Assistance from France, to insult His Majesty's Government, and to join with his Enemies, contrary to their Oath of Fidelity. Upon reading this Paragraph, " Besides the Arms we carry are a feeble Surety " for our Fidelity. It is not the Gun that an In- ■" habitant possesses, which will lead him to Revolt, " nor the depriving him of that Gun that will make •" him more faithful, but his Conscience alone ought " to engage him to maintain his Oath." They were asked, what Excuse they could make for their Presumption in this Paragraph, and treating the Government with such Indignity and Contempt as to Expound to them the nature of Fidelity, and to prescribe what would be the Se- curity proper to be relied on by the Government for their Sincerity. That their Consciences ought indeed to engage them to Fidelity from their Oath of Allegiance to the King, and that if they were sincere in their Duty to the Crown, they would not be so anxious for their Arms, when it was the pleasure of the King's Government to demand them for His Majesty's Service. They were then informed that a very fair Opportunity now presented itself to them to Manifest the reality of their Obedience to the Government by imme- diately taking the C -th of Allegiance in the Common Form before the Council. Their Reply to this Proposal was, That they were not come prepared to resolve the Council on that head. They were then to!d that they very well knew for these Six Years past, the same thing had been often proposed to them and had been as often evaded under various frivolous pretences, that they had often been informed that sometime ■or other it would be required of them and must be done, and tl^t the Council did not doubt but they knew the Sentiments of the Inhabitants . m general, and had fully coaaidered and determined this point with .regard to themselves before now, ACADIAN FRENCH. 256 ■i {'■'''it as they had been already indulged with Six Years to form a Resolution thereon. They then desired they might return home and consult the Body of the People upon this subject as tt ay could not do otherwise than the Generality of the Inhabi- tants should determine, for that they were desirous of either refusing or accepting the Oath in a Body, and could not pos- sibly determine, till they knew the Sentiments of their Consti- tuents. Upon this so extraordinary a Reply they were informed they would not be permitted to Return for any such purpose, but that it was expected from them to declare on the Spot, for their own particular, as they might very well be expected to do after having had so long a time to consider upon that point. They then desired leave to retire to consult among themselves, which they were permitted to do, wnen after near an hour's Recess, They returned with the same Answer, That they could not consent to take the Oath as prescribed without con- sulting the General Body, but that they were ready to take it as they had done before, to which they were answered, That His Majesty had disapproved of the manner of their taking the Oath before. That it was not consistent with his Honour to make any conditions, nor could the Council accept their taking the Oath in any other way than as all other His Majesty's Subjects were obliged by Law to do when called upon, and that it was now expected they should do so, which they still declining, they were allowed till the next Morning at Ten of the Clock to come to a Resolution. To which Time the Council then adjourned. CHAS. LAWRENCE. Jno. Duport, Sec. Con. At a Council holden at the Governor's House in Halifax on Fryday the 4th July 1755. Present — The Lieutenant Governor. Benj. Green, « *Jno. Collier, Willm. Cotterell, Jon". Belcher, * The Hon. John Collier was a retired officer of the armj. He eame out with the first British settlwrs in 1719, and was soon after his arrival appointed^ by Governor Cornwallis a justice of the peace for the new settlemeot.. Her- ' Councs. (' 256 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. The ■CourKjil being met according to Adionrnment, tha french Deputies who were Yesterday Ordered to Attend the Council, were brought in, and, upon being asked what Reso- lution they were como to in regard to the Oath, They de- clared they could not consent to Take the Oath in the Form re^ quired without consulting the Body. They were tlien in- formed that as they had now for their own particulars, refused to Take the Oath as directed by Law, and thereby sufficiently evinced the Sincerity of their Inclination towards the Govern- ment, The Council could no longer look on them as Subjects to Ilia Britannick Majesty, but as Subjects of the King of Franco, and as such they must hereafter be Treated ; and thoy were Ordered to withdraw. The Council after Consideration, were of Opinion That di- rections should be given to Captain Murray to order tho French Inhabitants forthwith to Choose and send to Halifax, new Deputies with the General Resolution of the said Inhabi- tants in regard to taking the Oath, and that none of them should for tho future be admitted to Take it after having once refused so to do, but that effectual Measures ought to be taken to remove all such Recusants out of the Province. The Deputies were then called in again, and having been informed of this Resolution, and finding they could no longer avail themselves of the Disposition of the Goveritment to in- gage them to a DutifuU Behaviour by Lenity and perswasion, Oftered to take the Oath, but were informed that as there was no reason to hope their proposed Compliance proceeded from an honest Mind, and could be esteemed only the Effect of Compulsion and Force, and is contrary to a clause in an Act of Parliament, I. Geo. 2. c 13. whereby Persons who have once refused to Take the Oaths cannot be afterwards permitted to Take them, but are considered as Popish Recusants ; There- fore thoy would not now be indulged with such Permission, And they were thereupon ordered into Confinement. At a Council holden at the Governor's House in Halifax on Monday the 14th July 1755. ^ — ..^ * was also a captain of militia. One of the divisions of the town of Halifax i bears his name. These divisions were named after the captains of the five companies of militia into which the settlers were formed. Mr. Collier was appointed a member of Council on 27th January, 1762. Ue died at Halifax in i7({0. His wife accompanied him from England. It is uncertain whpther ithere are any of his descendants now In Nova Scotia. — Council Booht^ N. 8. J)ociuntni$. A€ADTAN FRENCH. 257 PnESENT — The Lieutenant Governor. Benj. Green, Jno. Collier, Willm. (>otterell, Jon". Belcher. Councs. T^he Lieutenant Governor acquainted the Council that ho was instructed by Hia Majesty to Consult the Commander in Chief of the Fleet, upon any Emergency that might Concern the Security of the Province, and that he intended to send the following Letter to Vice Admiral Boscawen and Rear Ad- miral Mostyn. <'Sir" " His Majesty's Council being appointed to meet " at my House to Morrow at Eleven o'Clock in the " forenoon, to Consider what Steps it may be proper *' to Take for the Security of the Province against " any Attempt that may be made to Annoy us from " Canada or Louiabourg in Case of a Rupture, or " any violent Measures the French may take by " way of resenting the Check that has lately been " given to their encroachments." " I am to acq\iaint You that it is both agreeable " to the Instructions I have received from His Ma- " jesty, and at the earnest Request of his Council " for this Province, that I beg the honour of your " Company and Assistance at our Consultation." (Signed) CHAS. LAWRENCE." "HalifaxUth July 1755." " Vice Admiral Boscawen" A Letter of the same Tenor and Date to Rear Admiral Mostyn. The Council returned His Excellency Thanks, and were very desirous that the Admirals might be Consulted. CHAS. LAWRENCE. Jno. Ddport, Sec. Con. IT 258 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Hi f At. a Council lioldon at the Governor's Houao in ITalifax, on Tuesday the 15tli July 1755. Present — The Lieutenant Governor. Benj. Green, ] Jno. Collier, n.„^„„ Willm. Cotteroll, \ ^^""^«- Jon". Belcher, J The Honble. Vice Admiral Boscawen and Roar Admiral MoHtyn being also present in Consequence of the Lieutenant Governor's Letter. The Lieutenant Governor laid before the Admirals the late Proceedings of the Council in regard to the French Inhabi- tants, and desired their Opinion and Advice thereon. Both the said Admirals approved of tho said Proccedinj^s, and gave it as their Opinion, That it was now the proporest Time to oblige the said Inhabitants to Take the Oath of Alle- giance to His Majesty, or to quit the Country. Tlie Lieutenant Governor then communicated to the Coun- cil, a Letter by him received from Capt. Rous, informing liim that tho French at the River St. Johns had, upon his Appear- ance with His Majesty's Ships under his Command before tho Fort there, Retreated therefrom after having first rcmdercd the Cannon useless, and destroyed by Fire, all the Wood Work thereof 260 JfOYA SCOtIA IWyctffiENTIT. n: as possible, to evade it, and at last desired to return home^ and consult the rest of the Inliabitants, that they might either accept or refuse the Oath in a body ', but they were informed that we expected every iTian upon this occasion to answer for himself, and as we would not use any compulsion or surprise, WG gave thnra twenty fonr Irours time to deliver in their answer ; and, if they should then refuse, they must expect to bo driven out of the country ', and, tlio' they should af^erv^ards repent of their refusal, they would not be permitted to take the oath. The next morning, they appeared and refused to take the oath without the old reserve of not being obliged to bear arms, upon which, they were acquainted, that as they refused to become English subjects, we' could no longer look upon them in that light ; that we should send them to France by the first opportunity, and till then, they were" ordered to be kept prisoners at George's Island, whero they were imme- diately conducted. They have since earnestly desired to be admitted to take the oath, buc have not been admitted, nor will any answer be given them until we see liow t\\e rest of the Inhabitants are disposed. I have ordered new Deputies to be elected, and sent hither immediately, and am determined to bring the Inhabitants to a compliance, or rid the province of such perfidious subjects. Your Lordships will see our proceedings in this case at large, as soon as it is possible to prepare the minutes of Council. * * * * * * I am, &c.f CHAS. LAWRENCE. The Lords Commrs. for Trade & Plantations. Mosi befbi recei At a Council holden at the Governor's house in Halifax on friday July 25th 1755. Present — The Lieutenant Governor. - ■ Councs. ' ¥"'■"'" '< Benj. Green, Jno. Collier. Willm. Cotterell, Jno. Rous, Jon'n. Belcher. '.The Honble. Vice Admiral Boscawen and Bear Admiral I \ ACADIAN FRENCH. 261 Mostyn being also present. The Lieutenant Governor laid before the council the following Memorial which he had received from the French Inhabitants of Annapolis river. (Translated from the French.) "To his Excellency the Honble. Charles Lawrence, Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief of His Pritannic Majesty's province of Nova Scotia and Colonel of one of his regiments of infantry give timely Intelligence when they hwx] it in their Power, and might have saved the Lives of many of His Majesty's Subjects, but that they had always secretly aided the Indians, and many of thorn had even appeared openly in Arms against His Ma- jesty. They were then told that they must now resolve either to Take the Oath without any Reserve or else to quit their Lands, for that Affairs were now at such a Crisis in America tiuxt no delay could be admitted, that the French had obliged us to Take up Arms in our Defence against their En- croachments, and it was uuknown what Steps they miglit take, further, for which Reason if they (the Iniiabitants) would not become Subjects to all Intents and purposes, they could luit be suH'ered to remain in the Country. Upon which they said they were determined One and All, rather to (juit their Landfi than to Take any other Oath than what they had done before. The Council then told them that thev ouu^ht verv seriouslv to consider the Consequences of their Refusal, That if they onco. refused the Oiith, they would never after be permitted to Takt^ it, but would infallibly loose their Possessions ; That the Ct)un- cil were unwilling to hurry them into a Determination upon an Affair of so much Consequence to them, and therefore thoy should he allowed till next Monday at Ten of the Clock in tlu^ forenoon to reconsider the matter and form their Resolution ; when their iinal Answer would be expected. And the Council then Adjourned to that Time. CHAS. LAWRENCE. DUPORT, Secv. A Mon TlK being The doputi ''ivi'ive' Cone, ■iX Sir,— '•■ Th< Mr. lAf, the sai( appear made honor re take th( oath of stances by Mr. province for a nu ing to t always and its « voice, to * On the tiy tiic flctii <'iol of the I'enmining ACADIAN FRENCH. 263 At a Council holden at tlio Governor's house in Halifax on Monday tlie 28th July 1755. Present The Lieutenant Governor. Bon]. Green, ] Jno. Collier, } AVillni. Cotterell, }- Councs. Jno. Rous, Jon". Belcher, Tlio Hon. Vice Admiral Boscawcn and Rear Admiral Mostyn being also present. The Lieutenant Governor acquainted the Council that the deputies from Pisiquid, Menis and the river Canard were arrived and had delivered the following memorials. (Translated from the French.) ■'^To the Honorable Ckarles Lawrence, President of the King's Council, Commander in Ciiief of Nova Scotia, Lieutenant Governor of Annapolis Royal, Lieutenant Colonel of a regiment of infantrv. Sir,— '•' The inhabitants of our districts, having been informed by Mr. Murray, Commanding Fort Edward at Pisiquid, that we, the said Inhabitants, are required to send cin'tain persons to appear before the ^-overnor at Halifax, to answer the demand made upon "s, by virtue of an oatii, which we are assured, his honor requires of us, the inhabitants of our districts in general, take the liberty of rei)resenting, that after having taken the oath of fidelity to His Britannic Majesty, with all the cirrnm- fltances and reservation granted to us, in the name of the King, by Mr. Richard Philipps, Commander in Chief in the said province, which allegiance we have observed as fur as possible, for a number of years, enjoying ])eaceably our riglits accord- ing to the terms of our oath in all its tenor and n^serve ; and always having relied on our oath of lidelity, both as to its tenor and its observance, we arc all resolved, with one coiisent and , voice, to take no other oath.* \Vo have taken the oath ol *0n the reduction of Port Uoyal hyvi: e if they shall rather choose to remove elsewhere." No immtion is made, either in the Treaty or tiie Queen's letter, of a tpialifled allegiance. It is therefore clearly obvious that those who chose to remain, thereby became subjects of Great Britain, niid ACADIAN FRENCH. 265 " Inasmuch as a report is in circulation among us, the French inhabitants of this province, that His Excellency the Governor demands of up an oath of obedience conformable, in some manner, to th^.l of natural subjects of His Majesty King George the Second, and as, in consequence, wo are morally certain that several of our inhabitants are detained and put to inconvenience at Halifax for that object ; if the above are his intentions with respect to us, wo all take the liberty of repre- senting to His Excellency, and to all the inhabitants, that we and our fathers, having taken an oath of fidelity, which lias been approved of several times in the name of the King, and under the privileges of which wo have lived faithful and obe- dient, and protected by his Majesty the King of Great Britain, according to the letters and proclamation of his Excellency Governor Shirley, dated IGth of September 1746, and 2l8t of October 1747, we will never prove so fickle as to take an oath which changes, ever so little, the conditions and the privileges obtained for us by our sovereigns jind our fathers in the past. " And as we are well aware that the king, our master, loves and protects only constant, faitliful, and free subjects, and as it is only by virtue of his kindness, and of the fidelity which were bound to take the Oath of allegiance to the Sovereign, when lawfully required. Uovcrnor Nicholson came to Annapolis in 1714, and then proposed to the Frenc)i inliahitiinvS of tiie whole province, the terms agreed on for them, which were, to keep their lands and have free exercise of the iionmn Catholic Religion, on their becoming subjects of tlie British Crown, or to dispose of their property and withdraw from the country, if they chose, within one year. Tiiey all chose the latter, and prepared to leave the country ; but the vessels promised them from Capo Breton, for the purpose of their removal, not being sent, thi-y were compelled to remain. They, iiowever, continued to refuse the Oatii, alle- ging tliat they iiad been detained contrary to thoir desire, which, says Gov. Miiscarene, " was partly true, as Gov. Nicholson had declared tliey should not depart in English vessels, and tliat the French from Cape Breton might come and fetch them in their ow i, which they would not do ;" otherwise, it is probable, most of them would have retired to Isle lloyal and the Island of St. John. See Mascarene's Letter at page 158. On the arrival of Gov. I'hilipps in 1720, proclamations, calling upon the people to take the Oath of Allegiance, with a promise of the free exercise of their religion and enjoyment of property, &c., were sent thioughout the country ; and in these proclamations, the oaths us taken afier the capitulation, in tiie time of Sir Charles Hobby and Gov. Vetch were referred to, a^id no terms of neutrality offtred; hut they continued obstinately to refuse all solicitations Ui take the oath, as may ho seen on reference to the letters of Governor Philipps to the plantation office about this time. This is confirmed by the assertion of the priest and his party who waited on the Governor in ITlW, and stated tliat the people in Governor Nichcdson's time, hud set their hands unanimously to an obligation of continuing subjects of France, and retiring to Cape Breton. Philippa returned to England in 1722, leaving Armstrong in command, who, in the year 1725, obtained from the people of the Annapolis river, an oath of uncon- 266 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. :|1: ■II 6'r » if. ■ i't-y WO havo always preserved towards his majesty, that he has granted to us, and that lie still continues to grant to ua, tlie entire possession of our property and the free and piibHc exercise of the Roman Catholic religion, we desire to continue, to the utmost of our power, to be faitliful and dutiful in the same manner that wo were allowed to be by His Excellency Mr. Richard Philipps. " Charity for our detained inhabitants, and their innocence, oblige us to beg your Excellency, to allow yourself to be touched by their miseries, and to restore to them that liberty which wo ask for them, with all possible submission and the most profound respect." Signed by two hundred and throe of the said inhabitants of Menis and the River Canard. The said deputies were then called in, and peremptorily refused to take the oath of allegiance to His Majesty. The Deputies of Annapolis also appeared and refused the Oath. Whereupon they were all ordered into Confinement. As it had been before determined to send all the French ditinna) nllc^innce ; but on the return of Philipps in 1730, the puople representcJ to hiiii tlint this Oiith had been extorteil from them unfairly. Uptr)tliis period, no oath whatever had been taken by the inhabitants of Acndia, except that by the people in the neighborliood of Port IJoyal, which was one of uni-onditi.nal alle(;iance. In September 1726, it appears that Gov. Armstronpr administered the OiUh of Allegiance to some of the inhabitants at the Fort of Annapolis, and permitted a condition that they should not be called on to boar arms, to be inserted in the margin, to satisfy the French deputies ; but he received a severe reprimand from England for so doing. In 1727, on the accession of King George II., Fnsign VVroth was despatched to Minas, Grand Pre, and Chignecto to administer the Oath of Allegiance to the inhabitants of these settlements, none of whom had, to this time, so far as it can be d' »covercd, taken any oath wliatevcr to the British Govcnment. Having permitted the people to take the oath, qualified by a clause exempting thum from bearing arms in defence of the country, he was, on his return to Annapolis to report Ids proceedings, brotiiiht before the Council and reprimanded for the course he had pursued ; and it was then resolved in Council that the " articles and concessions" granted by him "were unwarrantable and dishonorable to II. M.Government and authority, and consequently null and void." (We have no copy of this oath.) But Mr. Wroth defended himself by declaring that he could not obtain any better terms from tlic people, and that he thought, under the circumstances, it was the best course he could pursue for the peace of tiie country. These proceeding* were the origin of tlie claim of Neutrality, afterwards so repeatedly urged on the part of the Acadians. Governor Philipps, on his return to Annapolis in 1730, brought the people, at last, to lake an unconditional Oath willingly ; and, says Mr. Mascerene, it was tendered to and taken by all the males of competent age throughout the pro- vince. Ho also says — the word fidele, used in the oath, maile it to be called by ttie Acadians the Oath of Fidelity. (Sec copy of this Oath at page 84. M Bubscribed by the people of the Annapolis Valley.) ACADIAN FRENCH. 267 Inhabitants out of the Province if they refused to Take tho Oaths, notliiuf? uou* remained to be considered but wliat mea- sures sliouM be taken to send them away, and wiiere they should be sent to.-^ After mature Consideration, it was unanimously Agreed That, to prevent as much as possible their Attemi)ting to re- turn and molest the Settlers that mav bo set down on their Lands^ it would be most proper to send them to be distributed amongst the several Colonies on the Continent, and that a sufficient Number of Vessels should be hired with all possible Expedition for that purpose. CHAS. LAWRENCE. Jno. Dltout, Sec. Cone. Governor Lawrence to Col. Moncldon. Halifax, 31 July, 1755. * * * The DejHities of the French inhabitants of the districts of Annapolis, Mines and Piziquid, have been called before the Council, and have refused to take the oath of allegiance to His Majesty, and have also declared this to bo the sentiments of On tliis occasion, tlio inhabitants of the interior desired to have a clause inserted, not to he o))li<;e(l to take up arms against the Frencli, wiiicii was not introf?uced, tliougli thiy declared that it was promised tliem. whicii promise is said to have been nwule at Minas by the persona sent to adniiiuster tlie Oatli, thou(;)i they did not venture to put it on paper. (See (inv. Mtisairene's letter., p. 151).) In Ajiril IT.'O. Gov, Philipps announced to tlie Council the unqualified submission of the .nhiiliitiints of the whole province, with the exception ot'sevcn- teen families at Clii},nu'ct<), and about nineteen families somewhere on the sea coast. It is therefore apparent that no qualified oath of alleffiance to the British Crown hiul ivi r l)ien (jivcn either by Nicholson, Vetch, Hobbyj or Philipps, or wi\s any such o;ith authorized or recognized by the liritish (iovern- mcnt — and as Mr. Munloch justly oliaorves. no blunderin;; or temporizing on the part of subordmatos, could vary the posuion of these people as subjects, thouKh they mijj;lit, to some extent, palliate their errors, and partially account for iJK'ir discontent iim! disatlection. The teruj -'Neutral French" having been so frequently apiilicd to the Acadiana in public docunietits — tlnir constant denial cf an unciualiih-d oath ever having be?n taken by tluiu, and ihe reiterated assertions of their priests that they understood the oaths taken from time to time, in a qu;rlirted sense, (by draw- ing a disiinclion between an Oath of fidelity and one of alle;;iance,) led the Governors at Halifax, in 174!). and at subsequent periods, erroneously to sup- pose that no unconditional Oath of Allegiance had ever been taken by the people of Acadia to the British Crown.— Ed. * See Letters from Govr. Lawrence to Secty. Tlobinson, 1 Angt., \lTt\ ; Lords of Trade to Govr. Lawrence, Oct. 2S), I7.H; Lawrence to Sir T. Robinson, SO Novr., 17.')5; also Lords of Trade to Govr. Lawrence, March 25, 175C. 268 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. w 'ii \h % : It Hi m the whole people, whereupon the Council advised and it h accordingly determined that they shall be removed out of tlio Country as soon as possible, and as to those about the Isthmus who wore in arms and therefore entitled to no favour from the gov- ernment it is determined to begin with them first; and fortius purpose orders are given for a sufficient number of Transports to bo sent up the Bay with all possible dispatch for taking them on board, by whom you will receive particular instruc- tions as to the manner of their being disposed of, the places of their destination, and every other thing necessary for that purpose. In the mean time, it will bo necessary to keep this measure as secret as possible, as well to prevent their attempting to escape, as to carry off their cattle 1 I f5 L' 1 F •, 'fl thorn you hIkvII hear further, and have piulicular Iiistructloni^ U9 to the manner of Hhipping them, and the places of their destination. I am hopeful that you will, in the mean time have accom- pllHhcd the directions you had in my la.st with rc/j;urd to the inhabitants. As there may bo a deal of didictilty in securinp; them, you will, to prevent this as much as possibU', destroy all the villages on the North and North West side of the Isthmus that ly at any distance from the Fort of neausejour, and uso every other method to distress, as much aw can be, tijose who may attempt to conceal themselves in the woods. IJut I would have all care taken to save the stttck, and the harvest upon the ground, which can be gathered in witii any safety to the men ; and prevent as much as possible the French fugi- tives tfe Indians from carrying off or destroying the cattle. When the Fnnich inhabitants are removed, you will give orders that no ])erson presume to take possession of any of the lands, until a plan of the whole has been laid belbre mo, and terms of encourageiuent to English Settlers dolil)erately formed and made publick. 1 hope you paid due regard to the directions you had in my last, for the seizing and securing all the French Vessels, and destroying tiie Villages about Tatmagouche and the French Vessels there. As we cannot use too much caution for preventing the French from rising or joining together in any kind of body to our annoyance, 1 would have you give f)articular orders for entirely destroying and demolishing the Villages of Jediacke, Ilamsach ttc, and every thing they find abut these quarters, from which any sort of support or assiatan' y can be had by an enemy. Indorsed — Scroll to Col. Monckton, per Capt. Gorliam who murchcd 9 Augt, 1756. ''••f f nrf ACADIAN niENCn. 2T1 ITalipax, ) Inatruciiona for Lieut. Colonel Wixslow*, 11 til Augt, 1755. 1 commanduKj his Majcstifs Troojjs at 3/ine8, Or in his Absence for Captain Alexander MuRiiAY, commundimf his Majesti/s Troops at Pizifjuid, in relation to the transjiortation of the Inhabitants of the I)istrictn of Mines, Piziquid, Jtiver of Canard, Cobcquid, dec., out of the Province of Nova Scotia. Sir,— ' Ilavinj^ in my letter of tlio Slst of July last acquiiiiitod Captain Murray with the reasons which induced his Alujesty's Council to oonio to the resolution of sending away the French inhahitants, and clearing the whole country of such bad sub- jects (whicli letter he will coiriniunicato to you togctlun' with the Instructions I have since that sent hiui): it only remains for me to give you the necessary orders and instructions for putting in practice what has been so solemnly determined. That the inhabitants may not have it in their power to return to this Province, nor to join in strengthening the French of Cano,da or Louisbourg: it is resolved that thoy shall be dispers'd among his Majesty's Colonics u[)on the Conti- nent of America. For this purpose Transports are sent up the Hay to shi|) oflF those at Chignecto and Colonel Moncton will »)r(ler those ho cannot fill there into Mines Bason to carry ofl' some part of the ♦ Coloni'l John Winslow was a native of Now England, son of luaac Winslow, of Mar.slifli'ld in Massacliusott8, and great grandson ot Kdward Winslow, one of tliu first Plynioutii settlors. He was a ("iiptain of Provinoiala in tlio tinfor- tunuto oxpoditton to Cuba in 1740, and afterwards an uliiL-or in tlio liritish Army and u Major junoral of Militia. Ilu served as eoniinanik'r of IVovincial troops in the expeditions to the Konnebcek and Crown I'oint. and was selected by Governor Sliirh^y to command the troops raised in Massaelmsetts for service in Nova Scotia in 1755. This force consisted of two haltalions, under Lieut. Colonels Scott and Winslow — Governor Shirley himself Iieing Colonel in (Jhicf. Colonel Winslow served under General Monekton at the i;aptnre of iho Forts at the Islhnms, and m'hs afterwards employed in the removal of the Acadian French from Grand I're. These Massachusetts troops were afterwards sta- tioned at Fort Ueausejour in Cumberland, and claimed to he sent home at the expiration of one year's service, on an alleged understanding with Winshiw; their request being denied, thty fell into a state of insubordination, thereby causing much trouble to Governor Lawrence. Mr. Winslow died nt Marshfield in 1774, aged 71. He was a Councillor of Massachusetts, and so great was his popularity, says Minot, that he raised for the Expedition under Munckton 2000 men in the short space of two months. Ilu left two sons, Pelham and Isaac, both attached to the Uoyal Cau'^e in the Ame- rican Revolt. Winslow's Letter Book and Journal, while engaged in the remo- val of' the Acadians, arc in the possession of the Massachusetts llistoricnl Society at Boston. — Belknap's American Biography. MinoVa Ifistorij Ma»»4 217, 18, Thatcher's lh»t. Plymouth, p. 142. J/aliburton's Hist. K S., Tol. 1. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ^ m 2.2 2.0 1.8 11 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^ f," - ► fliotographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STRd WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 #^ ,\ :\ A^ \ ters their sailing orders in writing to proceed accord- ing to the above destination and upon their arrival imme- diately to wait upon the Governors or Commander i in Chief of the provinces to which they are bound with the said letters and to make all possible dispatch in debarking their passen- gers and obtaining certificates thereof agreeable to the form aforesaid. And you will in these orders, make it a particular injunction to the said .nisters to be as careful and watchful as possible during the whole course of the passage, to prevent the passengers from making any attempt to seize upon the Vessel, by allowing only a small number to bo upon the decks at a time and using all other necessary precautions to prevent the bad consequences of such attempts ; and that they be particularly careful that the inhabitants have carry'd no arms or other offensive weapons on board with them at their em- barkation "as also that they see the provisions regularly issued to the people agreeable to the allowance proportioned in Mr. George Saul's Instructions. As Captain Murray is well acquainted with the people and with the country I would have you to consult with him upon all occasions and particularly with relation to the means neces- sary for collecting the people together so as to get them on board, and if you find that fair means will not do with them, you must proceed by the most vigorous measures possible not only in compelling them to embark but in depriving those who shall escape of all means of shelter or support by burning their houses, and by destroying every thing that may afford them the means of subsistence in the Country. You will receive herewith a Copy of the Charter party, , which the Masters of the transport Vessels, taken up here, have entered into with the Governmt. for your information, as to the terms ; those from Boston will be nearly the same ; and as you see they are hired by the month, you will use all possible dispatch to save expence to the publick. If it is not very inconvenient I would have you send the Sloop Dove to Annapolis to take on board pai t of the inhabi- tants there destined for Connecticut to which place that vessel belongs. When you have executed the business of shipping off all that can be collected of ^Ue inhabitants in. the districts about: 18 274 NOVA- tiCOTU DOCtJMENTS* UlL ;!:;1 m 1 ,■: 'd Mines Bason yon will march yourself or send a strong Detrtcli' inent to Annapolis Royal to assist Major Handfield in shipping off those of that River, and you will so order it as all the stragglers that may be met with by the way may be taken up and carried to Annapolis in order to their being shipped with the rest. As soon as the Transports have received their people on board and are ready +o sail you are to acquaint the Comman- der of his Majesty's Ship therewith that he may take them under convoy and put to sea without loss of time. Indorsed— 'Colonel Winslov'a In'structiotiis, Augast 11, 1765» Halifax, > Instructions for Major John Handfield,* 11th Augt, 1755. y commanding his Majesty^ s Garrison of Anna-' polis Royal in relation to the transportation of the Inhabitants of the Districts of ^Annapo- lis River and the other French Inhabitants out of the Province of Nova Scotia. Sir,— Having in my letter of the Slst of July last, made you acquainted with the reasons which induced his Majesty's Council to come to the Resolution of sending away the French inhabitants, and clearing the whole country of such bad sub- jects, it only remains for me to give you the necessary orders for the putting in practice what has been so solemnly deter- mined. That the inhabitants may not have it in their power to re- turn to this Province, nor to join in strengthening the French of Canada or Louisbourg : It is resolved that they shall be dis- persed among his Majesty's Colonies upon the Continent of America. For this purpose, transports are ordered to be sent from Boston to Annapolis to ship on board one thousand persons, reckoning two persons to a tonj and for Chignecto Transports have been taken up here to carry off the Inhabitants of that place : and for those of the districts round Mines Bason * John Handfield was an officer in General Philipps'a liegt., stationed at An- napolis. He was appointed a member of Council by Govr. Arnrntrong in 1736. ,He remained at Annapolis with his regiment after tlie establishment of the Go- vernment at Halifax, ard eventually became a Lt. Col. He was serving in . America as Lt. Col. of the 40th Regt. in 1759. It is probable that he died about 17G3, as his name docs not appear in the Army List af^r that year. ■ There are several descendants of Col. Handfield in Nova Scotift.-^iV. S\ Coun' .rdl Books. Army List 1759 and 1763. i ACADlAlI li'RENCH. 275 tVansports are ordered from Boston. As Annapolis is the place where the last of the Transports will depart from, any of the Vessels that may not receive their full complement up the Bay, will be ordered there ; and Colonel Winslow with his de- tachment will follow by land and bring np what stragglers he may meet with to ship on board at your place. Upon the arrival of the Vessels from Boston in the Bason of Annapolis, as many of the inhabitants of Annapolis Dis- trict as fian be collected by any means, particularly the heads of Families and Young men, are to be shipped on board of them at the above rate of two persons to a ton, or as near it as possible. The tonnage of the Vessel to be ascer- tained by thB Charter Parties, which the masters will furnish you with an account of. And to give you all the ease possible respecting the Vic- tualling of these transports, I have appointed Mr. George Saul to act as Agent Victualler upon this occasion, and have given him particular instructions for that purpose, with a copy of which he will furnish you upon his arrival at Anna- polis Royal from Chignocto, with the Provisions for victualling the whole transports. But in case you should have shipped any of the inhabitants before his arrival, you will order five pounds of flout and one pound of pork to be delivered to tjach person so shipped, to last for seven days, and so on till Mr. Saul's arrival, and it will be repilaced by him into the stores from what he has on board the provision vessels for that purpose. The Destination of the Inhahitanis of An- napolis River, and of the transports ordered to Annapolis Bason, To be sent to Philadelphia, Such a immber of vessels as will transport three hundred persons. To be sent to New York, Such a number of Vessels as will transport two hundred persons. To be sent to Connecticut, Such a number of Vessels (whereof the Sloop Dove Samuel Forbes master to be one) as will transport three hundred persons, & To be sent to Boston, Such a number of Vessels as will transport two hundred persons, or rather more in proportion to the Province of Connecticut, should the number to be ship- ped off exceed one thousand persons. When the people are embarked you will please to give the toaster of eacli vessel one of the Letters (of which you will 276 NOVA SCOTIA D0CUMENT3. ;< . i, i|j?' receive a number signed by rae) which you will address to the Governour of the Province, or the Commander in Chief for the time being, where they are to be put on shore, and endorse therein the printed form of the Certificate to be granted to the masters of the vessels, to entitle them to their hire as agreed upon by Charter Party : And with these you will give each of the masters their sailing orders in writing to proceed according to the above destination, and upon their anuval im- mediately to wait upon the Governors or Commanders in Chief of the Provinces to which they are bound, with the said letters, and to make all possible dispatch in debarking their passengers and obtaining Certificates thereof agreeable to the foi m aforesaid : and you will in these orders, make it a parti- cular injunction to the said masters to be as careful and watchful as possible during the whole course of the Passage, to prevent the passengers making any attempt to seize upon the Vessels, by allowing only a small number to l>o upon the decks at a time, and using all other necessary precautions to prevent the bad consequences of such attempts ', and that they be particularly careful that the Inhabitants carry no arms nor other offensive weapons on board with them at their Em- barkation, as also that they see the provisions regularly issued to the people agreeable to the allowance proportioned in Mr. George Saul's Instructions. You will use all the means proper and necessary for collect- ing the people together so as to get tl am on board : If you find that fair means will not do with tij .*m, you must proceed by the most vigorous measures possible, not only in compel- ling them to embark, but in depriving those who shall escape of all means of shelter or support, by burning their houses and destroying every thing that may afford them the means of subsistence in the Country ; and if you have not force sufficient to perform this service. Colonel Winslow at Mines or the com- manding officer there will upon your application send you a proper reinforcemeet. You will see by the Charter Partys of the Vessels taken up at Boston, that they are hired by the month, wherefore I am to desire that you will use all possible dispatch to save ex- pence to the publick. As soon as the people are shipped and the transports are ready, you will acquaint the Commander of His Majesty's ship therewith, that he may take them under his Convoy and put to sea without loss of time. Jndorted—ScroU. Jtltyor Handfield's loatruclioas, Uth August, 1755. ACADIAN FRENCH. 277 Circular Letter from Governor Laiurence to the Governors on _ the Continent. Halifax, 11 Augt. 1755. Sir, — The success that has attended his Majesty's arms in driv- ing the French from the Encroachments they had made in this province, furnished me with a favorable opportunity of reduc- ing the French inhabitants of this Colony to a proper obedi- ence to his Majesty's Government, or forcing them to quit the country. These Inhabitants were permitted to remain in quiet possession of their lands upon condition they should take the Oath of allegiance to the King within one year after the Treaty of Utrecht by which this province was ceded to Great Britain ; with this condition they have ever refused to comply, without having at the same time from the Governor an assurance in writing that they should not be called upon to bear arms in the defence of the province ; and with this General Philipps did comply, of which step his Majesty disap- proved and the inhabitants pretending therefrom to be in a state of Neutrality between his Majesty and his enemies have continually furnished the French Sailing Orders and Instructions to Saml. Barron Master of the Transport Sloop Providence. Halifax, 3 Oct. 1755. Sir, — You are to receive on Board your Sloop from George's Island a number of French Inhabitants a list whereof you will receive from the Commanding Officer there and you are to proceed therewith to the province of North Carolina and upon your arrival you are to deliver the Letter you have herewith as addressed and use 3^our utmost diligence to get the people put on shore and will obtain a certificate of their being so landed. You will take care to see the allowance of pro/isions pro- perly served during the voyage agreeable to the following proportion viz 1 lb. Beef 2 lb. of Bread and five pounds of Flour each person per week, and you are to be accountable for what shall remain of the provisions after the people are landed and for what arms you have received from His Majesty's Stores for your defence. C. LAWRENCE. To Samuel Barron, Master of the Sloop Providence. !; ACADIAN FRENCH. 281 m Governor Lawrence to Board of Trade. Halifax, 18tli Oct. 1755. My Lords, — Since the last letter I had the honor to write your Lord- ships of the 18th of July, the French deputys of the different districts have appeared before the Council to give a final answer to the proposal made them, of taking the Oath of Alle- giance to his Majesty which they persisted in positively refusing ; and tho' every means was used to point out to them theii true interest, and sufficient time given them to deliberate maturely upon the step they were about to take, nothing would induce them to acquiesce in any measures that were consistent with his Majesty's honor or the security of his Province. Upon this behaviour the Council came to a reso- lution to oblige them to quit the Colony, and immediately took into consideration what might be the speediest, cheapest and easiest method of giving this necessary resolution its intended effect. We easily foresaw that driving them out by force ot Arms to Canada or Louisbourg, would be attended with great difficulty, and if it had succeeded would have reinforced those settlements with a very considerable body of men, who were ever universally the most inveterate enemies to our religion and Government, and now highly enraged at the loss of their possessions. The only safe means that appeared to us of preventing their return or their collecting themselves again into a large body, was distributing them among the Colonies from Georgia to New England. Accci'dingly the Vessels were hired at the cheapest rates : the embarkation is now in great forwardness, and I am in hopes some of them are already sailed, and that there will not be one remaining by the end of the next month. Herewith I transmit your Lordships a Copy of the Records of Council which contain a very particular account of this whole transaction. I have taken all the care in my power to lessen the expense of the Transportation of the inhabitants, the vessels that have been taken up for that purpose, were most of them bound to the places where the inhabitants were destined, and by that means are hired greatly cheaper than the ordinary price. They have hitherto been victualled with their own provisions and will be supplied for the passage with the provisions that were taken ni the French Forts at Chignecto as far as they will go. i-i '\ • ■ ! 282 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. In ovdor to savo as many of tlio Fron(^h cattlo aa possible, 1 have given some of tliom among sucli of the Settlors us havo the means of feeding them in the winter. As soon as tl>o French are gone I shall use my best endeavours to encourage People to come from the continent to settle their lands, aiid if t suoeeod in this point wo shall soon oo in a condition of supplying ourselves with provisions, and I hope in time to be able to strike otf the great expense of the Victualling the Troops. This was one of the happy effects I proposed to myself from driving the French off the Isthmus and the additional circuin- stance of the Inhabitants evacuating tho Country will I flatter myself greatly hasten this event as it furnishes us with a largo quantity of good land ready for immediate cultivation, rentiers it difficult for the Indians who cannot as formerly be sup|)lio(l with provisions and intelligence, to make incursions upon our settlers, and I believe the French will not now be so sanguine in their hopes of possessing a province that they have hitherto looked upon as ready peopled for them the moment they would get the better of the English. I think it my duty to acquaint yoir Lordships that it will be highly necessary for the securitj' of the province to fortify the Isthmus of Chignecto as early in the Spring as pos?ible. The French Forts at Beausejour and upon the Bay Vcrte are put into the best repair that the time would permit, but they are neither strong enough nor will they contain a sufficient number of men to resist any considerable tbrce. It is also of the highest importance that there should be a Fort of some strength at St. John's River to prevent tlie French resettling there, as well as to awe the Indians of that district. I am very sensible the making these Fortifications will create a very considerable expense and therefore cannot be undertaken without orders, but if your Lordships should think it necessary to be done you may depend upon its being set about with the greatest economy. * * - As the Three French Priests, Messrs. Chauvreulx, Daudin & Le Maire were of no further use in this Province after the removal of the French Inhabitants, Admiral Boscawen has been so good as to take them on board his fleet & if? to give them a passage to England. I omitted in the paragraph about the French Inhabitants to mention to your Lordships my hav- ing wrote a circular letter to the Governors of the provinces to which they were destined, &, directed one to be given to the master of each transport. In this Letter I have set forth the reasons which obliged us to take the measures we have done, and I enclose a copy of it for your Lordship's perusal. A04DIAN FRENCH. 2S3 I am in hopes the provinces will make no (lifficultioa about receiving them as they may in a short time become useful pn month, 10 8 £3 9 4 4 11 4 7 14 2 1 6 8 ^ 17 1 G £139 16 6 Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock, Dr. To Provisions supplyed the French Inhabitants, To 8 1 22 Flour, at 16a. 8d. £7 9 6 3 6... 21s. 4d. 752 306 lbs. beef, at 32s. p. Barrell, 2 9 £16 6 5 1755. Messrs. Apthorp ! n;"' t) li > Messrs. Apthorp • ' [4- fa kSMt Governor Lawrence to Governor Shirley. Halifax, 18th February, 175^. Sir, — Tho I wrote so fully upon many imi>ortaiit Points in my last of the 24 January to your Excellency, the bad success of our Officers in their Recruiting upon the Continent, obliges me to trouble you again upon the Subject of the Troops : We liave as many Officers upon that Service as can possibly be iCADIAN FRENCH. 297 spared, yot It will iippoar by the Roturns how littlo progress has been made. The Now Enghind Troops of tho IJattalion that \a horo press mucli to bo discluirgcd, indeed so ournoatly, that 1 am iiicbiied to tlnnk tlioy aro put upon it by some of tlieir principal OlTiccrH, and should their dismission take place before tho Augmentation of tho Regiments is completed, it will not only be impossible for mo to preserve tho Acquisi- tions that wore made last year on tho North side of the IJay of Fundi but for want of a sufficient body of men upon our Frontiers, the whole Province will bo continually subject to insults, incursions Sc Encroachments. I am credibly informed that a Body of French ch do for we had all rather die here than go to any ACADIAN FRENCH. 307 French Dominions to live. We beg that your Excellency will send us word what we shall do as soon as you can and we will do it as soon as you send, and if it be our hard fat«^ to come away from here we will obey your Excellency and come though it would be to us like departing out of this world. Dear Sirs, Do for us what lays in your power to settle us here and we will be your faithful subjects till death. JOSEPH LANDRY. The foregoing is what I received from the mouths of Joseph Landrey and Charles Dantermong, two of the principal men of Cape Sables and I am in donbt of a punctual compliance of the Contents. MARK HASKELL. Province Massachusetts Bay. At a Council held at the Province House in Boston upon Monday, December 4th, 1758 His Excellency having communicated to the Board an ap- plication which he yesterday received from Joseph L'Andree dated Cape Sables September 15th, 1758 in behalf of himself and about forty French families settled there — praying that they may be quieted in their possessions there, as they are willing to take the Oaths to the Government, and to help maintain the War against the French King. Or if that may not be, that they may be permitted to come and settle in this Government. His Excellency also having acquainted the Board that he had communicated the same to General Amherst, who was willing to transport them hither at the Charge of the Crown. Advised, that his Excellency send a copy of said applica- tion to Governor Lawrence, and at the same time advise him that the Council could not be of opinion to receive those peo- ple into the province even although they should I j indemni- fied as to all charge that might arise by means of their coming hither. Extract from Letter of Governor Lawrence to The Lords of Trade, dated Halifax, Septr. '2S)th, 1759. Since that time my Lords, the Indians & scattered neutrals particularly the latter, notwithstanding the success of the campaign 1758, against Louisbourg and the measures taken both then and since to put a stop to their incursions upoiix itii i ,_. i ^-'^ 308 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. this provinco, havo infested us more tlian ever, and indeed In a manner, to which they never attempted before. Your Lordships will be surprised when I assure you that these land ruffians, turned Pirates, have had the hardiness to fit out Shallops to cruise on our coast, and that sixteen or seventeen vessels some of them very valuable have already fallen into their hands. I have represented this to Adl. Saunders who I presume will take proper measures for putting a speedy and effectual stop to such depredations, but your Lordships will perceive from such strokes as these, how onterprizing these people must be, 'T ■ it- der of them to come with their Effects in those Vessels to Bay Verto, as soon in the Spring as the Navigation opened, when they should know Your Excellency's pleasure concern- ing them." " They likewise seem'd well Satisfied, & promised to come according to Order if possible, but were afraid (as those Ves- sels were all drove ashore by the late terrible Storm) they should not be able to get them all off, but would use their utmost endeavour to do it, and would bring all they could." " The Affair being thus determined, they (on the 20th) took their departure, since which, there has arrived at this Place from Petcoudiack, of Men, Women, . Junc- ture, when for tho Safety and Security of tho Settlers of King's County, it is found indispensably necessary to March one hundred and thirty of the Aeadians under a Guard of tho Militiaof that County into this Town, not only revives in their Minds those considerations with regard to tho said Aeadians, but impresses it with double weight, and they apprehend calls on them for an exertion of the most effectual ujians to prevent any ill Eflects that might arise from them, more especially when they consider tho behaviour of tho said Aea- dians upon the present occasion, which is remarkably insolent and exulting, insomuch that it is absolutely necessary to cause them to be close confined, under a Strong Guard of the Militia of the Town of Halifax, to tho great Inconvonien'"> and Dis- tress of the said Inhabitants, near a fourth part ( cm being called on for that Duty daily ; that there is suffic eason to believe some lato Threats and Insults of numerous l3odies of tho Indians, assembled in various parts of the Province to the Terror of His Majesty's Subjects in the new Settlements, has been occasioned by the Stimulations and artful Insinuations of the said Aeadians. That they apprehend there cannot be any hopes of a sincere Submission of the said Indians to His Ma- jesty's Government while the said Aeadians arc suffered to continue in this Province, they being connected by Intermar- riages with them, and thereby maintain a considerable Influ- ence over them at all times. That it has lately been dis- covered that the said Aeadians had c*ollected and concealed in Secret Places in King's County in this Province^ a consider- able Quantity of Ammunition lor Small Arms. That at this Time the necessity of drawing all the Troops together at Halifax, had stripped the new Settlements so effectually of Protection, that, except the very small Garrisons at Anna- polis, St John's River, and Fort Cumberland, not amounting ACADIAN FUKNCH, 325 in tlio wlioli^ to ono Imndrod Mon, tluM'o was no Protootiou to nny of Ww, Scttlcniciits. tlic Inl(MM(ir juirt of tho Countiv Vn-ing intirc'ly (lcHt,itut<' of iiny, imd tho (Jiirrisoii at Fort Edward v/liolly occupied by tlio Militia of that ('ounty, to tho great dotrinicnt of the IidiahitantM, who arc forced to nop;Ie(^t their Ilnshaiidry ; and so much to their Terror tliat not oidy ono hundred and iifty of thc^ Sctth?rs have on tliis Alarm (juitted ono of the new Towns in the (.'Onntry, hut others are prepar- ing from other parts to follow them. For all which Ueasonft the CouiumI are of Opinion that in this Time of danger, it is absolutely necessary innnediately to Trans{)ort tho said Aca- dians out of this Province, as their continuing longer in it may be attended with tho worst Conscquencos to tho pro- jected now Settlements in particular, as well as to tho General Hafoty of tho Province. The Council do likewise observe that in case of an attack on the Town of Halifax bv iho Enemy, the placing a, sufticient Guard on tho said Acadians would become very inconvenient and weaken tho Forces, more especially as there is no Stronghold or Placo to secure them in; and that during any Attack they might take tho Opportunity of Sotting Fire to the Town and Joining tho Enemy. And therefore tho Council do unanimously Advise and recommend, in the most arnest manner, for the Safety and Security of this Province and its new Settlements, that tho Lieutenant Governor would bo pleased to take tho speediest method to collect and Transport the said Acadians out of this Province ; and do further Advise that as the Province of the Massachusetts is nearest ailjacont to this Province, that tho Lieutenant Governor would be pleased to cause them to bo transported to that Province with all convenient dispatch. Jno. Duport, Sec. Con. At a Council liolden at Halifax on Thursday tho 5th August 1762. Present — The Honble. the Lieutenant Governor. The Honble. Jno. Collier, Chas. Morris, Richd. JUilkeley, Edmd. Crawley, Hen. Newton, Michl. Francklin. Tho Lieutenant Governor desired the Council would give - Councs. ( f 1!^ m 326 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. % Hit m bim their Opinion and Advice, Whether, upon the Arrival of the Acadian Prisoners at Boston, they should be discharged and set at liberty, or Whether they should be continued in Custody, to be disposed of as General Amherst should think proper : And for this purpose the Lientenant Governor laid before the Council, the whole Correspondence between hi.-n and the General, relative to the Acadians m this Province, the same being contained in the following Letters, which were read and ordered to be Entered, vizt., SlR,- «New York, 22d March 1761. " Your Dispatch of the 25tli February reached my Hands last Night ; I have nothing more at heart than the Advantage and Security of the Province of Nova Scotia ; If the removal of the Acadians still remaining within the same could add to either, I should be the first to advise their Expulsion f but as under tiie new Circumstances of that valuable and flourishing Province, I do not see that it can have any thing to fear or apprehend from those Acadians, but on the contrary that groat Advantages might be reapt in employing them properly : I must own I should incline towards letting them remain in the Province under proper Kegulations & Restrictions. *' Another motive that induces me to lean on that side is, that their Transportation to England must be a heavy burthen on the Publick, and their Maintenance when there, a still greater ; I would therefore recommend it to you, prior to taking any further Steps hereupon, to represent these, and any other Considerations that shall occur to you to His Majesty's Ministers, and to wait the King's pleasure thereupon. " I am much obliged to You for Mr. Morris' Map of the Pen- insula of your Province ; it is not yet come to my Hands, Mr. Hancock having thought it too bulkey to send it by Post ; but acquaints me that helbrwarded it in a Vessel bound to this Port. I am with great regard Sir Your most obedient humble servant Mr. President Belcher. (Signed) JEFF. AMHERST." ACADIAN FRENCH. 327 Lieid. Govt. Belcher to General Amherst. " Halifax, Nova Scotia, 15th April, 1761. « Sib,— " By this Opportunity I don't doubt that Colonel Forster has laid before Your Excellency, the Informations he has received relating to the hostile Designs of the numerous Body of Acadians at Ristigouch, and the neighboring parts ; in fitting out Piratical Vessels to Cruize on His Majesty's Sub- jects, and that the Lord Colvill is now taking the most effec- tual methods to frustrate their Designs. But I think it my indispensable Duty to represent to Your Excellency, my Appre- hensions for the Settlements which are to be established this Summer in the District of Chignecto. " The Acadians have at all times shewn a readiness to attempt any thing against the present Establishment of this Province, and I think in this new Instance, they have given a fresh proof of this Disposition, joined with a high degree of Obstinacy ; for notwithstanding the Conquest of Canada, and the mild Treatment and Indulgencies shewn to those who have surrendered themselves, they have not onl}'' used means to prevent the Indians in their Neighbourhood from making Peace, but are now forming desperate Designs, which cannot be imputed to a necessity of procuring Provisions, as they know that on their Submission, they would receive Supplies of that sort. And I beg leave further to remark to Your Excel- lency that none of the Acadians have ever made voluntary Submission, but on the contrary, their wants and Terrors only have reduced them to it, of which there's an Instance from some of them remaining at the Village St. Ann's on St. John's River, to the amount of Forty, who have yet made no Offers of Surrender, as they are subsisted through the means of the Indians there, and whom, according to some well grounded IntelHgences I have lately received, not long since, they have been exciting to mischievous, tho' vain Attempts. '•' Besides the reasons I have already offered to you, Sir, why Attempts from these People arc to be fear'd, there yet remains one of some weight, which is that there are many amongst the Acadians at Restigouch, who were formerly in possession of some of those Lands in the District of Chignecto, and as they have not yet lost hopes of regaining them, through Notions which they have received from Priests and Frenchmen, I think it at least probable that they will disturb the beginning of these Settlements, in which case, the loss of two or three m 328 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. I is j. ili.-. 11 r .(» Lives, will strike such Terror as may not only intimidate and drive away the People of Three Townships, but may also greatly obstruct the Settlements in other parts. The late Governor was so sensible of the necessity of receiving the new People in perfect Security, that he postponed the Estab- lishment of these Settlements last year, until a Time of Safety might offer. " I have made Representations to the Ministry of what relates to the Acadians, and as it is a matter of great Impor- tance to that Share of His Majesty's Service which falls under my care, I apply, Sir, to you for such means as may be suffi- cient to ward off any threatening danger, and think myself happy in making this Application where there is so much Zeal for the Public Good, and for the Welfare of this Province in particular. " 1 have the Honor to be with t j greatest Respect Sir Your Excellency's most obedient ' and most devoted Servant, (Signed) JONATH : BELCHER." His Excellency Major ) - - ' b. f General Amherst. Major General Sir Jeff. Amherst to Governor Belcher. " New YonK, 28th. April, 1761. * * I have sent your Despatches to Captain Tonge who takes Manac the Priest with him when he sails from hence. *•;*■*** " I can't say I am under any Apprehensions for the Settle- ments which are to be established this Summer in the District of Chignecto ; the number of Regular Troops with the Rang- ing Companies still remaining in the Province of Nova Scotia, can certainly furnish whatever may be wanted for the Protec- tion of those Settlements. " The Acadians may not be so thoroughly well disposed, as I could wish, but I expect a different behaviour from them, than what has yet appeared, for they have never been in the Scituation they are now in, and they can hardly be mad enough to attempt any thing against the Establishment of the Province at this Time. If they are, they must be made to isuffer for it as they deserve. n. .••;hso''«w /« ,i ACADIAN FRENCH. 329 " The Settlements in the beginning must not be permitted to be disturbed, but must bo protected with great Care, that no Terror may creep in amongst them, and frigliten the People from their Townships. " Colonel Forster shall have my directions to have a particu- lar regard to the Quiet and Safety of the new Settlers, in furnishing any Troops that may be wanted for that purpose. I am with great regard, Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant, (Signed) JEFF. AMHERST." Honourable Mr. President Belcher. ' * * The Lieutenant Governor also informed the Council that in consequence of General Amherst's first Letter, dated the 22d March 1761, he had wrote to their Lordships of the Board of Trade on the Subject of the removal of the Acadians out of this Province, in answer to which they had informed him that it appeared to them to be a very untoward Circumstance, in the present State of the Province, but that as the Subject was in the Department of His Majesty's Secretary of State, their Lordships referred the Lieutenent Governor for direc- tions from the Secretary of State, to whom Copies were trans- mitted by their Lordships of such of the Lieutenant Gover- nor's Letters, and the Papers received with them, as related to that Subject. The Council having taken the same into Consideration and having referred to the Minutes of Council of the 20th Feb- ruary 1761, the 22d March 1762, and the 17th May 1762, relative to the said Acadians in this Province, Avere unani- mously of Opinion, that the said Acadian Prisoners, upon their Arrival at Boston, should be still detained in Custody, to be disposed of as General Amherst should think proper to direct. Jno. Duport, Sec : Con : ' SlR,- Sir Jeffery Amherst to Governor Belcher. New York, 30th August, 1762. By an Express from Boston I was last night favored with your Letter of the 12th Instant, and its several enclosures ; And at the same time learn from Mr. Hancock that Five Transports, with Accadians, were arrived at that place. "" K Ti c^SHr-. 330 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. m Altho' I can't help thinking that these People might have been kept in proper subjection while the Troops remained in Nova Scotia, yet I must own I am glad you have taken the measures for removing them, as they might have become troublesome when the Province was drained of the forces, which I have been obliged to employ on a very essential service : I doubt not but you have wrote to Governor Bernard concerning them, but I shall by the return of the Express, desire he be pleased to dispose of the Acadians in such a manner as he judges best, in the Province of the Massachusetts Bay, where they must remain for the present, taking care to seperate them as much as possible, to prevent their doing any mischief, as well as Returning to their Old Habitations. I could have wished that those who inhabited the back parts of tlie Province, had been sent to Canada, agreeable to Govr. Murrays request, by which means you would not only have saved the expense of l)ringing them down the country at this time, but have been eased of any dread from that quarter. I am persuaded that neither the Accadians, Canadians or Indians, had any knowledge of the intentions of the Enemy who have been landed at Newfoundland: how far their success at St. John's might have tempted them to establish a Correspondence with the neighbouring Indians dians as Prisoners of War, I flatter mysolf^ that fJis Excellen- cy will not object to the payment of their transportation, in the Military method, by Bills and Certificates on the Navy Board, to save the trouble of any applications to ParliamcnL # I have the honor e resignation of Mr. £1118, who had been appointed l)ut never assumed tlie government of tlie I'ro- vince. Mr. Wilmot became Lieut. Colonel in the Army in April, 1755. and served for a short time under Governor Lawrence who sent him with a party of 400 men to Fort Cumberland in 176(5. In 1758 he was in command of Warhur- ton's Kegiment of foot (the 4oth). Governor Wilmot died at ilalifax on lilird May, 17ti6. N. S. Council Books ; Army Lists. m ACADIAN FHENCn. 341 nnmorourt pooplo, and in tUo l»ij;lioHt dof^roo bipjottod to Franco and tlio Olinrcli of Rome. Tlu^y lioUl a stronj^ confodoracv with iUii Indians and in proportion to thuHO attucliuiontM iiuur Antipathy to tlH5 Kn^lisii in \ovy hiph. This placo of SottU'niont wonid bo V(;ry advanta^oous for thoni to ])ursu("i every scheme whicdi conid be immediately, or hereafter benelicial to France, and to the detrinient of 1 1 is Majesty's Subjects ; I'or 1 conceive^, My liords, that the French King wouhl find these [)eopU) a numerous, active, /eaK)Us, and steady body of Subjects, for the emph)yn»ent of whom on futiire enterpri/es, it would be very easy to lodge considerable Quantities of Military Stores, and clfectually conceal them, n thctrts of the Province, had been sent to Canada agreeaUe to Governor Muri'aifs reqieest, by which means you ivould not only have saved the expence of bringing them doivn the country, at this time, but have been cased of any dreod from that quarto', which is the lirst time I am informed, that he made any mention of this measure, his whole attention being pcrliaps employed on the important matters of Marti- neco. the Ilavannah, and Newfoundland ; ho had not leisure to roilect that no movement could have been made of any of these people, without his express orders sent here for that ])urpose. This is all the information which I can gain as to this point, and as I could not set forth the reasons on which the execution of this measure was laid aside, I have endeavoured to show your Ixn'dships liow perhaps it failed. The number of these people is very considerable as your Lordships will observe from the enclosed return, which shews the difterent parts of the Province in which they are at this time. The chief means of their support is from the provisions they receive on the Military list, in proportion to their age and number in each family ; and they supply themselves Avith clothing by the wages they get for their work ; but they are far from being an industrious or laboiious people. The price they demand for their labour is high, and in the work of a day, they fall short of the Settlers, even when they exert them- selves ; so that few persons can aiford to employ them. I have already represented in my letter to your Lordships of 10th Deer., that they are most inflexibly devoted to France and the Romish Religion, and being much connected with the Indians by intermarriages, their power and disposition to be mischievous is more to be dreaded. And as they flatter them- selves with some favourable revolution from another War, I conceive they would never sincerely submit themselves to His Majesty's Government, The perhaps, they might preserve ACADIAN FRENCH. 345 to Irvo appearances, until some event might offer, which would invito them to exert tliemselvcs. I humbly offer these arguments to your Ijordship8 aa having weight in the present condition of the Colony, when a few mischievous efforts, secretly supported, might have a very fatal influence. For was tho Country filled with people well established, tho Acadians judiciously divided and distributed, might be kept in subjection by tho ordinary attention of Government. After Avhat I have already said, I hope it A^ill clearly appear to your Lordship, that we cannot form any intentions in respect of those people, only in consequence of his Majesty's pleasure ; for it has always been the opinion of this Govern ment, and is at this time, that the Settlement of them in this Province is inconsistent with tho safety of it, which has been at different times set forth to Flis Majesty's Ministers, and the measure of transporting them into another Country, witliout immediate necessity, cannot I apprehend be undertaken without your Lordships directions. As to tho degree of safety and of satisfaction to themselves, from settling them in any other Province, than that of Canada, I believe. My Lord, that both would be considerably greater, provided that in respect of the former, they were not settled in any of tho Neighbouring Colonies of New England ; for I conceive. My Lord, tliat their vicinity to Nova Scotia would on all occasions strongly induce them to be active in disturbing the Province, from the facility of returning into it, and the hopes that their assistance might be successful, in regaining them the possession of it. Of the probability of this, there was a strong proof after their expulsion in tho year 1755, when several of them, from so considerable a distance as South Carolina, and many from the intermediate Provinces, returned ; and not only opposed but had the audacity to attack the King's Troops more than once. This My Lord, among many instances which might be given is I hope sufficient to shew of what they are capable ; and that the further they are distant, the greater our safety. As to what might be most satisfactory to tliem- selves, I do not believe that Canada would by any means be so, for some of them who went there in the lato War, to assist the french, were not only treated with the utmost neglect, but also with contempt and dislike by the Canadians ; and as Canada borders on this province, I don't apprehend that it would be either safe for us or satisfactory to them, that their settlement should be in that Country. It is on account of all these considerations, that I have in mW' 346 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS, ray two former letters oflforod to your Lordship tlio measure of transporting them to some of the West India Islands. There cut off from the Continent, and from all hopes by the difficulty of returning (which was the most powerful influence and temptation employed on them by the french) thoy would content themselves with a settlement, especially if thoy wore placed amongst those who were formerly french subjects, and who perhaps being contented with their Condition, would set them an example of cheerful obedience and submission. Your Lordship may be assured that I shall be strictly atten- tive to obviate any means which may be offered to seduce them from His Majesty's Government; but, I trust His Majesty's Ships employed in cruising in these coasts, will suraciently overawe any such attempts, as well as effec- tually suppress illicit and contraband Trade. I must en- treat that your Lordship's future dispatches to me, may bo directed to the care of the Governor or Commander in Chief of New York ; for by the negligence of the Post Masters, the public letters are suffered to lye in their Offices until many of them have been discovered by mere accident, which has hap- pened to your Lordships last letter, and has prevented the receipt and answer of it for Six weeks at least. I have, &c.. The Right Honble. M. WILMOT. The Earl of Halifax, »fec., &c., &c. iff (Memorandum.) Halifax, Nova Scotia, 22nd March, 1764. The number of Families of French Acadians still remaining in the different parts of this Province, FamiUea. No. of Pcraoiis. At Halifax and the Environs, 232 1056 King's County, Fort Edward, 77 227 Annapolis Royal, 23 91 Fort Cumberland, 73 388 405 1762 In addition to the above, there are 300 on the Island of St. John, who have lately, in a solemn maimer, declared the same intentions as those above mentioned to the officer there in command. ACADIAN FRENCH. 347 (Translated from the French.) At Halifax, May 12th, 1764. To His Excellency The Governor at Halifax, — The Acadian french prisoners had the honor, on the 29th of April last, to represent to His Excellency, that, acknow- ledging no other sovereign than the King of Prance, the sup- pliants most earnestly requested the government to provide vessels and provisions necessary for their transportation. Maintaining still the same sentiments, in every respect, they beg His Excellency to listen to their petition, and to grant them the j ust demands which they have already made in this case, since peace is made, and sinco all prisoners, from what- ever place they may be, are given up; and particularly as the Acadians who were in England, are now in France, and those of Carolina, at French Cape. In this case, the Govern- ment will not refuse vessels to convey them to France, in order that the suppliants may prove to their prince how de- voted they are to his service, and how ready they are to sacrifice, not only their own lives, but the lives of their women and children, to testify their zeal and love for their country. Besides, the religion which the}' profess causes them to persist earnestly in the matter, even at the peril of their lives, and of their property, if they had any, which they have already proved to the Government. Thus, His Excellency, seeing the unanimous sentiment of the Acadians, as good citizens of the King of France, will deign to order that vessels and provisions be provided for the purpose of removing them to some French place, should the government be unwilling to convey them to France. Doing this, the suppliants will never cease to address their prayers to heaven for your preservation and prosperity. BELONIS ROY, And 75 more heads ot families. r Sir,— Lord Halifax to Governor Wilmot. St. James's, 9 June, 1764. Your Letters of the 10th December and 18th of January last have been received and laid before The King. 348 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Your Approlicnsions of the Miachiofs A. Duiif^ors whu.-h might ariso from tho sottliiig tho Aoadiiuia in u oolloctivc! Body ill any Part of your Provinco, aro certainly woll fountlod ; and I agroo with Yon in Opinion tiiat tho safest Method of disposing of them woukl be to disperse them in small Numbers among the Settlements within Your (Jovern- mcnt. And this, indeed, seems to bo the only praetioahlo Method of disposing of them, for tho Removal of those I'eoplo into tho (lovernnicnt of Quebec does not appear to me to be an eligible Measure, neither, as I am inform'd, would it bo agreeable to themselves, and Your rropc>sal of settling them in one of tho ceded Islands, can by no means take place, as His Majesty has determined to dispose of all Lands beUmgiiig to Him in those Islands by publick Sale. With regard to the Information you have received of the Acadians having applied to the Court of France to be removed out of His Majesty's Dominions, there is great Keason to believe that such Application (if it should bo made) would not meet with any Encouragement, as His Mo?t Christian Majes- ty's Ministers assured me, in Answer to my Remonstrances occasioned by some Intelligence of the same iSort received from Boston in September last, that His Court had no IntLMi- tions of Interfering with respect to tho Removal of tho Acadians. His Majesty considers the French Acadians in tho same Light with tho rest of Ilis Roman Catholic Subjects in Ame- rica. If they shall be willing to take tho Oaths of Allegiance, and to become good Subjects and usefull Inhabitants, it will bo Your Care to settle them in such Parts of Your Govern- ment as may bo agreeable to themselves, and at the same Time consistent with the publick Peace and Security. If, on the contrary, they cannot be prevailed on so to settle, in good Humour and for good pur})oses, the Liberty of removing Themt >'ves out of tho Province, or out of His Majesty's Do- minions, cannot be denied to them as Subjects. But you will never suffer them to be carried away by the open Attempts or secret Practises of any foreign Power. I am with great Truth and Regard Sir. Your most Obedient humble Servant DUNK HALIFAX. ACADIAN FIlENCir. 349 Extract from a letter of Oovr. Wtlmot to the Earl of Jfali/ax, Bated Hal {fax, N S., 29 !' 35'. NOVA SCOTIA norl'MKNTH. Stn.— Oovci'twr U'llmol to Cn/ifnin U'ilHonis, (I.oitcr lluok.) II.\i.M.'AX, 2n(l !>(HM-., W)!'}, (\>1oi)ol Ili\l(liintiui1 having tippliod (o inn for Lciivi* to tiiUo tho Aoi'iidiuiM m« St. .IoIim'k IhIuikI to Mcllln tliciii on lii.^ IjiuuIs ill tlio I'rovinco of CivmihIh, I V(»rv roiidily p,ivo my con- Moiil Tor so pM)tl n |iur|ios(», mh iiikIim' liis ( iro uiiil iiisprctiuii tluM'o's jjjroiit Kcasoii to hopo timt tlu^v will hoom Ims l»rou^;lit, oviM' to tluMT (Inty «V- Allop;inn(M». Coloiud lliililiinai)nld lik(Mvis(» I'tM'ommend that yon would be pleased to allow the use oi'a liroloek with some powd(>rand shot to l*]a(;li Family, that thev be the bettor eMal)led to subsist tluMusidvos during: the Winter, it' there are any spare arms at Fort Amherst. .JSl [*' '•■ To Capt. Williams, I am. Sir. ttc A'e Al. WILMOT (.\)mmandin};' Fort AmluM'st at St. Johirs Ishuid. L^xtrad from DispaicJi — fjord Jlilhhorouyh to Lieut. Goui', FraiickHii.'^' WniTKilALi,, 2Gth Febry., 1708. ITis Maiestv was well pleased to tind by your Letter No. 3 that the Aeadians haye at len«i,th seen that their true interests lies in a due Submisj*ion to His Goyorninent, and have ^;iven * Michael Fnincklin wus n nrtlive of the South of Enghiml. He ciiiiic to lltilifax about the year 1752 and wu8 enguKetl for many years in niereiintilo pursuits. He was elected a member of tlie House of Assembly in ITo'.t, and appointed to His Majesty's Council on Urd May, 17(52. In 17G(> he received tiie appointment of Lt. Governor of Nova Scotia, whicii he lield until superseded by Admiral .\rbuthnot on 27th Feb., 1770. when he again took his seat at tho Council board. In this and the foUowinj? year he was occupied in organizing tlie militia of t!»e province and received the rank of Lt. Colonel. For several years before his death Mr. Francklin w.as Commissioner of Indian affairs for Xova Scotia. His exertions in support of British authority while administer- ACADIAN FIlENCff. 853 mikOi nnipln f(^HJiin()ny <»f tlK^ir vvIhIi t(» jxiriuMpain in tlioldiil'y of it; llin MiijiiMty tliiiil<»4 tliiit (Imh iliM|i(iHiii()ii oii^lit tu l>n uncoil i'ii^;(i< I Ity lioliliii^ rH with 'rondoriioHK and Attontion, tlio Situation ot tlioHo who havo inado HotthttiiontH in ('apn Krotoii uikKm' tho Pnit(M'tion (d* toiiiporary LicMUiHttH IVoin tlm Oovorn' nuuit of Nova S(!otia, and Caro will ho taknn that whatcivnr I'lan HhaJI Ix; adoplod lur tho DiHtrihiition of liaiidH in that iBJand, a duo HojL^ard bu had tu thuir JiiiprovoiiiontH. Lieut. Governor Francklin to Isaac DcschanqtH. * (TiOttcr Hook.) ITampax, iHt Juno, 1708. It it) with groat pluaHUro I find by your lottor of tho '{O May so many of tho Aocadianw ronidont in King's ('(jiinty and tho DiHtriot of VVindHor. aro at length corno to a hodho of" their duty to tho King, by takinj^ tho OatliH of Allegiance, and I have it in Coiimiand from IIih Majowty to give them the fullcHt AsHuranceH of Ifin Itoyal Favor and proteetion. And you may also give them from me the fulIcHt asHuranceB that I totally disclaim and disavow any Intentions to make uso ill}; the Government wns greatly instrumcntnl in prcBurving tho tranquillity of Nova Scotia during tlie porio«l of tiie American revolt. In liis letters to En- gland ho frequently coniplainR of unfair treatment hy Mr. liOgg, who for several years hold the appointment of Governor in Chief. (Jovr. Frnncklin married a daughter of Josepli Boutenoau, of Boston, who was a grand daughter of Mr. Peter Faneuil of that city. lie had several children; the late James li. Francklin, for forty years Clerk of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, waa his eldest son, whose only daughter married the Itevd. It. F. Uniackc, Hector of St. Georgo's, Halifax. Governor Francklin died at Halifax on 8th Nov., 1782. N. S. MS. Doc. ; Council Books ; MurdoclCs N. S., 2 vol., 418, 4G1, 004, CC4, 6G8, 671, C91 ; Nova Scotia Almanacs. * Isaac Deschamps was of Swiss extraction. He came to Nova Scotia early in life. He was at Fort Edward CWindsor) in 1754, as Clerk to Mr. Joshua I |i rf ' If w- 354 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMEKTS. of them as Forces to bo employed out of tliis Province, and that such report could only have risen from weak or evil- minded People, and you may still further assure them, that they will bo treated at all times with the same degree of Indulgence and protection with His Majesty's other Subjects. And to this you may also add that the Government has not the least Design Either to molest or disturb them on account of their Religion. I am with regard Sir Isaac t)e8champ8, Esq., or in his absence to WincV worth Tongue, Esq., Windsor. Yours MICHL. PRANCKLIN. Lt Oovr. Francklin to Colonel H. D. Denson. (Letter Book.) Halifax, 4 July, 1768. Sia,— Somo of the Accadians who reside in Kings County and at Windsor, Avho have lately taken the oaths of allegiance to His Majesty, have informed mo that they have been warned to Train with the other Militia, which they conceived as u hardship being unprovided with arms, and unable to purchase them immediately, were they to be bought. I am tlierefore to desire that you do Exempt them from Mustering or training, until you have Crdors to tlio Contrary Mauger, nnci nssisted Capt. Murray in suppressing the turbulent proceedings of the Acadian French at IMsiquid tluvt year. He was elected a niemlicr of Assembly for West Falinoutli in July 17(il, and the same year was appc/inted one of tile J'tstices of the Court of Common I'lcas for Kings Co., (Ilantd and Kings tlicn being comprised in one County). In 17()8 h(> was appointed by Lt. Governor Francklm Judge of the Island of St. John (P. E. Island), and inl770 Assistant Justice of the Supreme Court of Nova S lotia in the place of Mr. Dnport, appointed to St. John's. On the death of Chit f Justice Finucanc in 1785, he became Chief Justice of the Province. Hu was Acting Clerk . of the ilouse Assembly in 1772. Judge Deschamps was appointed to His Majesty's Council 6th Oct., 1783. Ho died on 11th August, 1801, in the 79th year of his ngc. His son, George Deschamps, received the appointment of Judge of Probate for Hants County on the death of his father. iV. S. MS. Doc; N. 8. Almanac; Murdoch's li. S., 24a, 404, 40G, 479, 493. ACADIAN FRENCH. 855 from tlio Governor or Commandor in Chiof for the time being— and I am further to Signify to you, that it is the King's Intention, and I do Expect, tiiey be treated by the Officers of Government with all Possible Mildness and Ten- derness upon every occasion to the End that they may not have the least cause to repent of their having submitted in so ample a manner to his Majesty's Government. I am. Sir, Yours, t«r< mm SfiC NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. I U. Oovernor Francklin to Governor Carldon, (Letter Book.) Nova Scotia, Halifax, 18 AtiguHt, 1708. Sin,— I Imd tlio honor to receive your Kxcolloncy's Lottor to Lord William Cfunpboll of the 5th of Auf^ust, 1707, by A[r. iJailly the Priest, wlioso Condti^tims been hitherto irroproach* abk> and to all Appearance bidvH fair to be of j^reate iuMJodt to this Province, by quieting the minds of the Indians who began to bo very uneasy — and his Mission has this further pood tendency of reconciling the conscienciea of the Acca dians who liiM'o lati'ly taken the Oatha of Allegiance to Ills Majesty's Gov ornment. Wy this Gentlemen 1 am Informed that the Vvro l.onavcn- ture Missionary at the Bay do Chaleurs, lies under some censures of the Church of Quebec, and that among other articles he is (Miarged witl» having used his endeavours ii alienate the minds of the Indians from this Government, and as Justice is due to every man, I think it necessary to acquaint our Excellency that whatever his other faults may be, wo lave nothing of that sort to lay to his Charge, but on t' < x oj.* trary (^apt. Oean of the Mermaid has repeatedly assUitd v.m that he was of great use in preventing dilferences between tlie lV()[)le wl;o Fished thereabouts and the Indians, and had particularly refused his Functions to Suc^h of them as Shewed an Inclination in 17G5 to commit Ilostilitys against us. It is necessary at the same time I should accpjaint your Excellency that there are certain Canadians and Inliubitants of Kamouraska and its Neighbourhood who conu! evi>ry Sj)ring to Hunt in the lliver St. John io the great detriment of the Indians of that lliver by destroying their Heaver and at the sauui time they shall fill their Heads with news o\' their own Invention, which has a tendency to keej) up the Idea of the Power (\^ France. If this could be prevented as well as the Traders of Canada from coming into this Government, it would bo doing this Province great service, as I am apprehensive of th'jir forming a kind of an Asylum for the IJanditti of Hoth Governments. I Lave the Honor ttc. MICH. FRANCKLIN. To His Excellency Guy Carleton, Esq., Governor of the Province of Quebec, cfeca. ACADIAN FBENCn. 357 If Secretary Bulkdey to John Anderson and Francis Pcahody. (Letter Book.) Secrktauy'b Office, Halifax, 20tli August, 1708. Gentlemen, — The Liout. Governor dosirca tlisit you will givo notice to all the AccadirtUH, except aluiut Six Families whom Mr. Hailly shall name, to remove tliomsolves from St. John's River, it not being the Intention of the Government that they shouhl settle there, hut to acquaint them that on their application hero they shall have lanJs in other parts of the Province. * # # ♦ # • # • I am, &c., Itn. niJI^ELEY. To John Anderson Sc Frs. Peabody, Esqrs. Justices of the IVmvco for the County of nmbury, Kivor St. John. • In .Tuly of this year a warrant of Survey wng issued to 44 Acsitlian families for lands at St. Mary's, in the County of Annapolis. They were from Windsor and Annapolis. m tA H ■ # 1 ■ ! m •.r.i ill III. PAPERS RELATING TO TUB FRENCH ENCBOACHMENTS IN NOVA SCOTIA 1749-1754, AND THE WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761. m r f •»• !i NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. f . ' t . .1 ■I! Lords of Trade to Gfovernor Cornwallia. Whitehall, Ist August, 1749. Sir,— Wo have lately received letters from Mr. Shirley, His Majesty's Governor of the Massachusetts Bay, and Mr. Mas- carene as the Commander in Chief of Nova Scotia, transmitting copies of a letter from Monsieur Galissonniero Governor of Canada, to Mr. Mascarono, and their answers relative to seve- ral demands made by the Governor of Canada, which greatly aflfect the right of the Crown of Great Britain in those parts and in particular in the Province of Nova Scotia; and as not only that right, but also the safety and security of the Infant Settlement may be greatly interested therein. We have thought it proper to send you the enclosed copies of the said letters. You will easily perceive from the information you have already had with respect to His Majesty's right to Nova iScotia, the extravagance of M. Galissonniere's demands, and what little foundation there is for them, but as that which relates to the Abenaqui, or St. John's Indians, (tho' under that general name of the Abenaqui Indians the French include the Penobscot and other Tribes of Indians in those parts) may if the least encouraged, have a dangerous ten- dency to weaken His Majesty's right to that part of His provmcc ; We shall give you the best information in this matter that we are able to collect relative to the said Indians, to tho end that you may be enabled to assert and maintain His Majesty's just right in this point. This nation or tribe of Indians have constantly resided upon the river St. John's in the heart of Nova Scotia, and did in the year 1726 acknowledge His Majesty to be rightful pos- sessor of this Province according to its ancient boundaries^ and submitted to him as such, in as ample a manner as they had formerly done to the French King, as will evidently appear to you from the enclosed cop}' of the ratification of a treaty made at Boston in 1725, between their Delegates and ■I 362 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. those of the neighbouring nations on the one part, and Mr. Mascarono in behalf of itis Majesty on the other part ; there- fore, should M. Galissonniero's demand bo compHod with, it might be construed to imply a giving up His Majesty's right to the Northern part of the Province, and as there appears to us to be an absolute necessity of compelling those Indians to renew their submission to His Majesty before they can bo admitted to terms of peace, we earnestly recommend to you to take such measures for that purpose as shall appear to you most likely to prevail. And as there is great reason to apprehend that the French may dispute the right of the Crown of Great Britain to these territories, we further earnestly recommend to you to have a watchful eye to the security thereof and upon the proceedings of the French. So we bid you heartily farewell, are ' Youre very loving Friends, &c., DUNK HALIFAX, J. PITT, J. GRENVILLB, T. ROBINSON, DUPPLIN, C. TOWNSHEND. ' The Honble. Colonel Cornwallis, Governor of Nova Scotia. Count de la GalisaonnUre, Chvernor of Canada, to Governor Mascarene. (Translated from the French.) SlB,- QuEBEC, 15th January, 1749. of the of As soon as I became aware ot the suspension ot arms, concluded on the 30th April last, I ordered a cessation of hostilities throughout the whole extent of my government. I recalled the detachments that I had sent to the war, although I might have caused the one at Beaubassin and Bay Verte to remain there, until I had ascertained the conditions of the peace, which I had not yet learned. M. Marin who commanded that detachment has set at liberty the prisoners taken by him at Louisbourg. Tranquillity has at length, been re-established on my part, FRENCH ENCROACHMENTS IN NOVA SCOTIA. 363 &s if there had been no war ; but on the part of the savages, this was effected with diflSculty, for they objected to me, with a good deal of reason, that I was greatly exposing them, in preventing them from continuing hostilities against you ; whilst I c(mld not assure them, that you would observe the suspensior. of hostilities with respect to them. Aftei all these attentions, which you could not be ignorant of, I have cause, it seems to me, to be astonished at, and to complain of several acts that you have committed this autumn. The first is — the expulsion from Mines, of the missionary who was there. This act of violence appears to me quite out of place. You w^ould have had to wait only a few months, to ascertain whether you would remain in possession of Mines or not; and, supposing that district remained to you, you would then have had time enough to require that missionary to be changed, according to tlie practice of the preceding peace. Nor was the burning of the houses of Amand Bugeaude and La Maigre at Mines a very decent act ; for, if the new treaty were to restore Mines to us, you would be obliged to rebuild these houses, that act having been done after the suspension of hostilities had been published. The second is the exaction of new submission from the inhabitants of Beau- bassin and Bay Verte, wliich appears to me equally premature and useless, until you and I know the regulations of the new treaty. But the third exploit ot Mr. Gorham is still more extraor- dinary than the others. This consisted, in having attempted to exact submission from the inhabitants of the River St. John, a river situated in the continent of Canada, and far this side of the Quenibec, where the boundary of New England was settled by common consent. What took place between Mr. Gorham and the Abenaquis, with respect to this River St. John, is not more regular, and is hardly prudent on his part, Mr. Gorham liaving sent them word, that if they wished to be included in the peace, it would be necessary for them to make their submission to you at Port Royal. This shocked them so much (and reasonably so) that the whole nation is entreating me, to permit them to renew the war. Mr. Gorham has afforded them new cause for this, by retaining two of those savages, who had gone on board of his ship in search of their missionary ; whicli is manifestly so contrary to the law of nations, that I cannot for a moment doubt, that you have immediately sent them back. i ^t- m. 364 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. M m I'f. ,• Judging from what I Imve been told, it is very donbtfu!, whether the English of Mr. Gorham's vessel who were killed, came to their death by the Abenaquis ; but even if that were the case, it would not be less certain, that those, who went on board in search of their missionary, and who wont there relying on the public faith pledged by Mr. Oorham, could not bo arrested. I demand of you sir, in the first place, to have the two savages sot at liberty. Secondly — To bo kind enough to make no change in the matter of religion and its ministers in Acadia. Thirdly---To forbid Mr. Gorham and all others, from solicit- ing or threatening the inhabitants of the river St. John, or any othor dependency of the Government of Canada, for the purpose of binding them to submissions, contrary to the fidelity they owe to tho King of France, who is their master as well as mine, and who has not ceded that territory by any treaty. Fourthly — I bog you to have tho goodness to inform mo, whether you intend to include the Abenaquis in the peace ; and, in that case, I entreat you again to have the goodness to induce Mr. Shirley to allow thorn to settle again in their villages, and to leave their missionaries undisturbed there, as they were before tho war. They engaged in it only as our allies ; and, it ought to be ended for them, as for us. Should you think differently in New England, I could not help assist- ing them ; it not being just, that I should leave them exposed to your vengeance, after having been pleased with their pervices. You must know tho savages well enough, to understand, that it is important for the safety and the tran- quillity of the frontiers of tho Province of Massachusetts, tiiat I have a prompt and positive reply ; for, they are continually soliciting me, to allow them to continue the war. I consider that I have been particularly fortunate, in being able to restrain them up to the present time ; especially, since they have heard of the acts and threats of Mr. Gorham ; and notwithstanding the trouble I have taken to quiet them, I should not be surprised, if they resorted to some act of violence. It would be easy for you, I should think, to forward me your reply by the missionaries on tho River St. John or neighborhood. It is through them also, that I address you this letter, which I send in duplicate. FllENCn ENCnOACHMENTS IN NOVA SCOTIA. 3G5 It is also proper, that the missionaries bo informed of your liccision ; that will assist them in restraining the savages. I have the honor to be with perfect consideration Sir, Your very humble and obedient servant, LA GALISSONNIERE. {True Copy.) P. MascareNe. Copy (signed) W. Shirley. Governor Mascarene to Count De la Galisaonniere.* l\, to 1 tran- that lually being Isinco and 3t of me kn or /hich Sir,— Annapolis Royal, 25th April, 1749. I have received on the 18th Inst, April the honour of Your Letter dated at Quebec the 15th January new stilo, in which you first acquaint mo that as soon as you heard of the suspension of Arras you had recalled the parties you had sent to War. As all the Troops which have been under my Cummand during tho Course of tho war, have only acted within His Majesty's Territories to defend them from Invasion, 1 had not the same reason to recall them but ordered them not to act offensively unless provoked and obliged to it by any violence offered to them. Your parties had left this Province long before the preliminary Articles were signed, and I don't knoAV they had any right to enter it after suspension of Arms, by ♦ Koland Michel Barrin Count de la Galissonniere is represented as being one of the ablest men of his time. He was appointed Governor ot Canada in 1747, to act until the arrival of the Marquis de La Jonquiere, who liad been nominated Governor General. He returned to France in 1 740, and wa.4 the sanio year appointed one of the Commissioners, on tiie part of the French Government, for settling tho boundaries of Acadia — Govr. Sliirley of Massa- chusetts, beioj^ the Commissioner on tho part of the British. In 1751 he pub- lished a memoir of the French Colonics in America. His scicntiflc acquire- ments obtained for him the place of head of the department of nautical charts at Paris. In 176G he commanded the French Heet of 13 ships of the line, in the affair off Menorca, wliere the unfortunate Admiral Byns was defeated. He died at Nemours in October of the same year, aged C3, deeply regretted by King Louis XV., with whom he was in great favour. He is represented as being diminutive in stature, with a deformed person, but possessed of a power- ful intellect and great energy and determination. He was a strenuous sup- porter of the Abbe De la Loutre, and, atter his return to France, is said to have furnisiied him with money and supplies for his work in Acadia. — Biog : Universal, quoted in N. Y. Col. Doc, Tol. 6, p. 632; MS. Doc. N. S. ; Tab : Jliit: Canaditnnes, par JUibaud, 1861; Tyrrell papers, ^.S. Documents. ,%.. .o-^ <>. §> ^^o. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3} ^- 1.0 I.I 1.25 liilllS 112.5 li' B 122 12.0 U 11.6 S Hiotegraphic Sciences Corpomtion c^ \ ^, v \\ ' he carried. with him several soldiers who had deserted from this Garrison. As I have reckoned this Province and all the Inhabitants seated in it as belonging to the Crown of Great Britain, not- withstanding your Troops have had sometimes a footing there- in, I have never refrained from making His Majesty's authority to be acknowledged and due regard paid to it whenever it has been in my power. It is in consequence of it that I sent to Manis and Chignecto and other parts to establish good order and call to an account those who had acted contrary to the Fidelity they owed to the King of Great Britain, their Sove- reign. The Missionaries who have been allowed from this place to resid-j in this province, have by an order of the government been obliged to come to this place and obtain pennission of their so doing, and to remain in the place allotted to them and when they have been found to labour to alienate the Peoples affection from His Majesty and their fidelity and duty from the Government or otherwise misbehaved, they have been ordered out of His Majesty's Territories, and those who have avoided those faults have been suffered to remain, and have not been any way molested. Those ot the Inhabitants who have suffered in their per- sons or tlieir estates have undergone those penalties for having acted in treasonable and rebellious practices contrary to their Oath of Fidelity and as subjects by which they are bound to the Crown of Great Britain. What you are pleased to name the new submissions required of His Majesty's french subjects, were to give them an opportunity of clearing them- gelves from having, been concerned in such rebellious prac- tice« that they might still continue in favour and protection of His Majesty's Government. It is many years ago that the French families seated on the river St. Johns, came to take the oaths of fidelity to the Crown of Great Britain, and have been reckoned as all the rest of the French Inhabitants to be His Majesty's subjects and under his protection and have been assisted and dealt with as such — when Mr. Gorham went there, in the same manner as he had been in other places of this Province, he mk FRENCH ENCROACHMENTS IN NO / "i 3C0TIA. 367 tho' 3ver- veral tliis ards, erted itants 1, not- there- hority it lias ent to order to the ■ Sove- )lace to rnment 5sion of lem and jPeoples Ly from e been \\o have id have eir per- ties fot contrary ,hey are pleased s french ig them- is prac- jction of on the to the all the Isubjecta Ind dealt Ihe same }ince, he had orders not to commit any Hostilities except provoked or obliged to it by any violence offered to him or those who were under his Command — his boats and some men who were ashore were fired upon tho' those who had committed this outrage were called upon by our people in a friendly manner, aud at the time that Mr. Gorliam had sent up the River to speak with the French inhabitants. His taking two of the Indians with him was to bring the Indians to clear themselves of hav- ing had a share in that outrage, and to bring to light the offenders. These two Ir^iians were treated here with all humanity and so little guarded that they got away, one of them got home, and the other being recovered went to Bos- ton, where as I have heard he is not kept like a prisoner, but with all tlie good treatment he can desire. As for the Indians of St. John's River being told that if they would have peace with us they must come to this place to make their proposals I think Sir there is nothing contrary to what bars been prac- ticed heretofore by these people. Tlie last peace with them was made in the Territorys of New England and at this place, I have the original of the Articles by me. Those very In- dians sent a deputation to me about five years ago to desire ulive in peace with the subjects of Great Brittain tho' the two Crowns should be at war, which I assured them they might if they would and sent them honourably back again but they soon altered their opinion tho' no reason was given on our side for it. The first of your demands Sir is answered already by my teUing you that neither of the two Indians you mentioned are in my possession. As for the second, in regard to the religion of the French In- habitants of this Province, I have and shall continue to follow the Treaty of Utrecht, and what commands I shall receive from tlie King my Master if there is to be any alteration. The third relating to the French Inhabitants of the River St. John's, I have reckoned them as subjects of Great Britain: and seated in Territorys belonging to that Crown, and cannot alter my opinion till by the boundaries being settled between the Government of Nova Scotia and Canada or by orders from the Court of Great Brittain, I am obliged to think otherwise. I shall comply with your fourth demand by sending your letter to Govr. Shirley, with whom I am obliged to consult in what relates to the British Interest in those parts of the World, and I can do it with the more speed as I am to des-- patch a vessel to Boston within three or four days. Ill m^i 368 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS* After having answered the material points of the letter yott have done me the honor to write to me, I am to acquaint you Sir, that by a vessel arrived Yesterday from Boston we have the confirmation of the signing the definite Treaty of Peace between all the powers at war on the i'^ October last the rati- fications whereof have been since exchanged, with which the King of Great Brittain has acquainted his Parliament in his speech, and the addresses of both Houses of Parliament thereupon with His Majesty's speech are come to my hands which I take the freedom to enclose to you. I expect every day the Articles of peace which have been alreacly printed, and ordered to proclaim the peace in this Province. This great work is happily completed and it doth not soera proper for us in these parts of the world to trouble the friend- ship which is reestablished betwixt our two Nations by start- ing difficulties which are already or will soon be decided at home for our future direction. It shall be my care to give no occasion for any breach of the good understanding which is to be the Fruits of Peace, tho' it is not my intention whilst I have the honor to command over the Province of Nova Scotia to relinquish any of the rights I am persuaded the King my master has, till I have His Majesty's orders for it. I have &o. P. MASCARENE. 31. de la Galissonn^iro &c. &c. &c. Governor of Canada. '! i fl 1^ s Governor Shirley to Count Be la GaUssonnUre. Boston, May 9th, 1749. Sir, — Two days ago I received from Mr. Mascafene a Copy of your letter to him, dated at Quebec 15th January wherein, (among other Demands) you call upon him to acquaint you, whether he intends to comprehend the abenaqui Indians in the Peace, without requiring any kind of Submission from 'em ; and desire that in such case he would engage me to let 'em resettle in their Village, and their Missionaries remain there wth 'em unmolested as they did before the War observ- ing to him that those Indians onter'd into the War, only as your Allies, and therefore when the War was finished with FRENCH ENCROACHMENTS IN NOVA SCOTIA. 369 it yott ji you 5 have Peace le rati- cli the in his ot seem e friend- by start- cidt;l at » give no which is )n -whilst of Nova ladefl the for it. yoii it ought to be so with regard to them, and you proceed to say, Sir, that if they thought otherwise in New England you shall be oblig'd to assist those Indians, intimating that it 18 of importance to the safety and tranquillity of the Frontiers of the Massachusetts Bay, that you should have a speedy and Positive answer, and that you shall not be surprized if the Indians shou'd proceed to acts of Violence. To this Sir wch is the fourth Demand in your letter, Mr Mascarene having referr'd you to me upon it, I shall comply with your request in giving as speedy and Positive an answer as may be. The Village of the Abenaqui Indians, by wch. I at present understand only those who are seated on St. John's River, has been ever deem'd by the English to be situated within the heart of Nova Scotia, and consequently that tribe of Indians together with the French Inhabitants upon the same River to be resident within his Majesty's Territories; and accordingly. Sir, the latter have acknowledged themselves ever since the Treaty of Utrecht to be Subjects of the Crown of Great Britain by taking the Oaths of Fidelity and Alle- giance to it ; and have had the protection of His Majesty's Governmt in common with his other Subjects in that Pro- vince. This being the case, these Indians when the advice of a Rupture between His Majesty and the King your Master was hourly expected, under the pretext of sending a Deputa- tion to Mr Mascarene to desire that they might remain in Peace and Amity wth the English, notwithstanding War 8hou'd\ happen between the two Crowns, gaia'd Admission into Anna-- polis Royal for some of their Tribe who were in Reality (as . it afterwards prov'd) Spies, and having obtain'd Mr Masca- rene's agreement to what they pretended to propose in behalf of their Tribe, and being honourably treated and dismissed by him return'd in three Weeks after, among others of their Tribe with their Missionary de'Loutre at their head, Sur- prized and Killed as many of the English at Annapolis Royal as they caught without the Fort, destroy'd their Cattle,. Burnt their Houses, and continued their acts of Hostility against the Garrison till the Arrival of two of the four first Companies I sent from New England for the Reinforcemt of " it : such was the entrance of these Indiana, Sir, into the War with us, and their Alliance with you. For this Perfidious Behaviour I oaus'd war to be declared in his Majesty's name agst. these Indians at Boston in Novem- ber 1744 and so far as it depends upon me, they shall not be^ 34 370 NOVA SCOTIA DOCVUmtS. '■! ^li admitted, Sir, to Terms of Peace 'till they have made it proper Submission for their Treachery^ unless they shou'd be already Comprehended in the Definitive Treaty of Peace and Friendship lately concluded at Aix la Cliapelle^ well I shall on my part strictly observe in every point. As to what you have thought fit, Sir, to declare in your letter concerning your intentions to support the Indians in acts of Hostility against us unless we give 'em peace upon the terms there prescribed by you, and the danger the Fron- tiers of the Massachusetts Bay in particular may bo in, unless you have a speedy & Positive answer upon this head ; what I have to say in answer is, that I shall be sorry for a new Rupture between us, and am very desirous to have perfect tranquillity restor'd to the Province under my Government;^ but if the latter is not to be the case, and you think fit to onake yourself a party in an Indian War, agt. us, I doubt not l)ut his Majestys Subjects upon this Continent will be able to )make just Reprisals upon Canada when it shall be his Majesty's Pleasure to liavo 'em do it. I can't avoid now,^ Sir, expressing great surprize at the •other parts of your letter whereby you take upon you to call Mr. Mascarene to Account for expelling the Missionary from ■Minas for being guilty of such treasonable Practices within liis Majesty's Government as merited a much severer punish- ment than that of expulsion from the Province. The Right you claim, Sir, of sending Missionaries from France to reside among his Majesty's Subjects of Nova Scotia as their Priests, and, in consequence of that, your forbidding his Majesty's Governour to make any alteration in the State of Religion and its ministors there, is still more extraordinary : and I must not omit upon this occasion to remark to you that I think the letter wch. the Bishop of Quebec lately wrote to Mr Mascarene concerning his intended Visitation of his Majesty's Subjects in that Government in Such Terms as shew'd he looks upon 'em as part of his Cure of Souls and within his Jurisdiction was likewise an extraordinary attempt, and can't be admitted. Your interfering, Sir, in his majesty'? Punishment of his Subjects in Nova Scotia inflicted for Rebellious and Treason- able Practices against his Crown, and his requiring others of 'em to renew their Oaths of Fidelity: and in one word your treating the Subjects of the Crown of Great Britain in that Province as if you looked upon 'em as Subjects of his most Christian Majesty, and being under his allegiance, is, if possi- l^llEilcn E>«CnOACHMENtS IN NOVA SCOTIA. 371 from Scotia Idding ;ate of inary : lately ion of ms aa Is and ompt, lof his leason- liers of your H that most possi- \Aq still more surprizing : and as these attempts are Manifest Invasions of the undoubted Right ^"oh. every Prince has ov^r his Subjects^ I can't but look upon 'em as Insults upon his Majesty's GovGrnme«t wch. require no lurtiier answer. After these attempts, Sir, upon his Majesty's Right of Go- vernment ov«r his Subjects in Nova Scotia, I am loss sur- prized at your encroaclimts upon the limits of his Province, wch. you are pleased to call in your letter Dependencies of the Government of Canada. As to your Demand for the Release of tho two Indians ■carry'd off by Captn. Gorham, I can't allow, Sir, that you have a right to interpose m that affair, and Mr, Gorham has satisfied me that he committed no breach of Publick faith in doing it. I can't conclude without making use of this opportunity to acquaint you. Sir, that we look upon Fort St. Frederic at Crown Point as an Encroachment upon his Majesty's Terri- tories, and in case you proceed to settle the Country round it, shall esteem those Settlements so too, unless that tract has been <;eded to you by tho late Definitive treaty at Aix la Chapelle. I am sorry. Sir, that the first fruits of the Peace on your part have so unpromising an aspect and beg you will be per- suaded that notiiing shall be wanting in me to preserve that right unders anding wch. subsisted between us during the war, having the honour to be wth. the most perfect Regard, Sir, Your most humble & most Obedient Servant, Marquis La Galissonniere, W, SHIRLEY, €opy. W.Shirley. ' Indorsed— Reed. 11 Jv\y 17 19, Entered per Vojp^ qf Letter yrom Governor ComwaUis i^ Captain JioitSf . Commander of His Majesty^s Ship Albany. Sir,— , ^ , I have received inforraaiion by letters from Governor Shirley and Colonel Mascarene to Govr. Hopson, copies of both which he sent me, that the French are erecting a Fort oir Forts at the mouth of St. John's River ; information likewise that tire French are endeavouring to make a settlement at Port Mouton, on Cape Sable Coiist. As this is a direct violar tion of Treaty, St. Johns River being undoubtedly within th^ limits of Nova Scotia j As a French Fort there might be of 372 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. dangerous consoquence to this Province and the other Bri- tish Colonies in North America, I am of opinion that it will bo for His Majesty's service, that you proceed with the Albany Sloop now under your command, to St, John's River, there to inspect yourself what works are carrying on, and demand by what authority such Forts are erecting, assert His Brittahnic Majesty's Right to that Coast as a part of Nova Scotia, and prevent their making further progress therein, or' demolish them as your own prudence shall direct you. You will also visit Port Mouton in your way, and if you find any appearance of a settlement there, you will use all possible endeavours to ■ prevent it. You will receive herewith a declaration which you will deliver to the Commander ol St John's Fort, (if any one has dared to assume that title) asserting the undoubted rights of the King of Great Britain ; and in His Majesty's name re- quiring him to abandon his design. If land forces are wanting, vou have likewise our order to the Commander of Annapolis .Royal, to give you what Troops you may have occasion for. I am &c. ED. CORNWALLIS, f1 Ml M. La JonquUre * to Governor CornwaUis, ,(^T«a6\A\»A from the French.) Quebec, 25th Oct., 1749. ■SiB,-r, I beg to tender you my very sincere thanks for the obliging letter you did me the honour to write to me on the 15tli of August last. It would have been highly gratifying to me had I antici- pated your politeness by assuring you ol the pleasure I shall always experience in corresponding with you for the welfare atid tiie advantage of those subjects, whose government has been entrubted to us. I* Jacques Pierre de Taffanel, Marquis de la Jonquiere, succeeded M. Galis- konniere intlie GoTernment of Canada in August 1749. He was Rear Admiral .i^nd third in. Command of the great fleet under Due D'Anville, intended to • destroy the British Settlements in Acadia; which, after having been dispersed by repeated gales of wind, put into Chebucto in distress in 1746. Admiral i^oqqniere was afterwards placed in command of another expedition in 1747, destined for Canada and Acadia. The British Fleet Uiider Anson and Warren fell in with him on 3rd May, and after a well fought engagement the French , jitruckitheir colours.. Six of his vessels of war aiid all the East India ships FRENCH ENCROACHMENTS IN NOVA SCOTIA. 373 It is not to day that your merit has become known to me ; during my stay in England I was witness of the many praises bestowed upon it by every body. I shall be quite willing, for my own part, to give you proofs of this on all occasions. The general peace which has just been concluded must naturally draw the people of our two governments into a mutual friendship. Such are the sentiments I inspire all my Canadians with ; and I am persuaded that they themselves are disposed to enjoy the tranquillity which they have for a long time desired. I am very glad that you, on your part, en- courage the same feelings amongst your subjects. The Marquis de la Galissonniere has not at all acted badly towards Mr. Mascarene. I have seen the copies of the letters which he has written to him, and if you will kindly give the matter your attention, you will see that the representations he has made to him are just, and that it is solely Mr. Mas- carene who is blamable, in having put himself in a position to receive the complaints of M. De la Galissonniere. That gen- eral has, besides, taken great care of your prisoners, and has granted them in this government, entire liberty. He has, even through pure sentiments of humanity, sent away more than three hundred of the said prisoners to New York and Boston, a large part of whom were ransomed from the savages with much diflSculty, and at a great expense ; whilst, with reluctance on the part of the governors of those two cities, have they been prevailed upon to procure the same advantage to a very small number of our people. On my arrival in this country, I wrote to Mr. Clinton by an English prisoner, and sent him an oflBcer to agree upon a respective exchange. That officer's mission was not attended with the success that I anticipated from it ; he returned with the said Englishman without any of my people. Since that deputation Mr. Clinton has sent me one of his officers to remove his prisoners. Although he ought to have, b}' the same means, sent me my prisoners without excep- tion; and although his mistrust was rather out of place, yet to lessen every difficulty, and to accelerate the good under liis convoy were captured, and between 4000 and 5000 French taken prisoners, among whom was La Jonquiere himself. He died at Quebec on 17th May, 1752, in the 67th year of his age, and was succeeded in tlie govern- ment, by the Marquis du Quesne de Mannetiville. M. Jonquiere appears to have made the acquaintance of Govr. Cornwallis while residing in England as a prisoner of war. Collections Hist. Soc. Quebec ; Oaitieav's Canada ; Holmes American Annals; Universal Hist ; N. York Documents ; Cornwallis' Letters, N. S. MS. Documents. I- 'fK 374 NOVA SCOTIA DoctrMEjrra. fortune of these poor people in general, I was ready to send away at a moment's notice all the English and tlio Anniors wlio remain in my government. But a groat obstacle at first presented itself to my good wishes, in the opposition which the chiefs of the Abenakis of the village of St. Francis made to the release of your pri- soners, on the ground that twenty six Abenaquis had been carried off. and that they were detained about Boston. J loft nothing unsaid to appease these savages ; they strongly per- sisted in their opposition and toM me, even openly, that if their brotliers did not immediately recover their liberty, they would take up the hatchet. I was then obliged to give way to the entreaties of these savages — their nation having always been faithful to the king my master. I wrote, in consequence, to Messrs. Clinton and Shirly, Governors of New York and Boston, and sent them the inter- preter of the said savages to demand from them the discharge of the prisoners. I agreed with the English deputy as to the spot where the respective exchange should take place ; and as soon as I shall have information that the prisoners of my government have been conveyed thither, I shall send away all the English and the Anniers to the same place. You see. Sir, that I am doing my best, that the subjects of the Kings our masters, may enjoy that tranquillity which the general peace gives them the right to lay claim to. With respect to the river St. John, the Marquis de la Ga- lissonniere has done quite right in sending there a good detachment. You must be well aware that I have sent one into the settlements of Delkekondiack, Memerancougs and Chipudy. The officers who. command at those stations have orders to maintain their position, and to prevent the forma- tion, by you, of any establishment there, until the true limits of Acadia and New France have been regulated by the two crowns ; and until then, I am quite right in observing to you. Sir, that you cannot maintain with so much precision, that the coast of the river St. John belongs to the King of Great Britain. I might give you proofs of the contrary j but as I have just had the honor to observe to you, this question is to be decided by the two crowns. I can not offer any obstruction to the orders of the bishop of Quebec, who, as a good pastor should take care of those entrusted to him ; and on this subject I have the honor to call your attention to the Articles granted to the inhabitants of Acadie in 1727. FRENCH ENCROACHMENTS IN NOVA SCOTIA. 375 By the second article, thoy'are permitterl to withdraw thera- selvos whenever they shall think proper to do so. And by the third article, they are also permitted the free exercise of their religion, and to have priests, Catholic, Apostolic, and Roman. Now, according to the law which you yourselves have made, these iuliabitants are to exercise then' religion without difficulty, and you know that no priest can administer the sacraments without the approval of his bishop. It is this, positively, which gives occasion for the orders of our prelate. I have no other savages tlian four Anniers : all the others were sent away by my predecessor ; the said four Anniers are not at ru\ under restraint and have every gratification they can desire. I will send them back to Mr. Clinton with all the other prisoners when we make the exchange. I have, in the moan time, made enquiries concerning the five savages you do me the honor to speak about. I am told that there were three who had embraced the Catholic, Apos* tolic, and Roman religion, and that our savage nations had adopted them ; the two others died — one here, the other at Lorette. I have the honor to bo with all possible esteem and consideration Sir, complain of mistrust, as you were the first to send an officer to treat concerning the exchange. It seems to me that it was your place to show confidence, and to send back with him, all the prisoners. I am very much surprised to find that you not only approve r 376 NOYA SCOTIA D0CUMENT8. of Ihe conduct of M. do la Galissonni^re in reference to the river St John, but that you yourself have sent dotachinonts into that province, as far as Selkikoudiac, Memorancours and Chippodie. It is to your letter that I am indebted for the first information of this, which causes mo to hope that your detachments have not yet arrived the^e, and that you will give orders to prevent their arrival, as I cannot possibly imagine any thing more contrary to the good faith and confidence which subsist between the two crowns, or more opposed to the law of nations. It is true that I have become aware, since my arrival here, that their Britannic and most Christian majesties have agreed to name Commissioners, to settle the limits. Does it follow from that, that I am to send detachments through the whole of Canada, or you through Nova Scotia? Sir, notwithstanding the proofs which you think you can give to the contrary, I am quite right in maintaining, that, until the two crowns have agreed otherwise, the whole coast of St. John and those places into which you write to me that you are sending detachments, are comprised in Nova Scotia. As to the places about which there could be any difficulty, you can not bo ignorant that the rule is, " There shall be no change at all, nor shall any establishment be made there, nor shall any troops bo sent there." I have forwarded this letter by an express courier, in order to communicate my sentiments to you, and to warn you that I shall give notice of the same to his Britannic Majesty ; and while awaiting his orders I shall do what I consider my duty. I have the honor to be With all possible respect, Sir &c. &c. resent for want of land to put the deserted inhabi- tants upon who they are now obliged chiefly to maintain at the Kings Charge, and for want of a free navigation in the Bay of Fundy they are put to such streights for Provisions that they dare not collect the Indians in Bodies near them for fear so great a Consumption should cause a general famine and oblige them to quit the Country. Thi? I say Sir is my first and principal inducement, strongly corroborated by the great desire I have to shew a proper resentment to their en- croachments upon this Colony in particular and their viola- tion of treaties all over His Majesty's dominions on the Con- tinent of America, and these considerations must undoubtedly be of the greatest weight with a person of your Excellency's known zeal for His Majesty's interest and the publick welfare. But I. must still mention some few things that come properly under your notice in your particular charge of the Massachu- sets as your Excellency was the first mover of the undertak- ing the settlement of this province by way of a Barrier to the Eastern Parts of N. E. you may well conceive how little it can answer that design while the French possess Beausejour and St John River as they have by that means a short and easy communication (by way of Bay of Verto) from Louisbourg to St. John, I think only five days march, as well as the oppor- tunity of annoying the shipping of Your Excellency's Go- vernment from the North side of the Bay in time of War. Neither do I imagine that this Colony can answer any pur- pose until the French are driven away from our neigliborhood, as they are continually using every means in their power to draw our French Inhabitants from their duty and allegiance by threats, promises and forgeries that they propogate amongst them by means of their missionaries as well as the annoyance they give his Majesty's Subjects by the Indians who they are for ever setting on to perpetrate mischief and to discourage any attempt that may be made to cultivate the land and ex- tend our settlements. I am sensible I have already taken up too much of your Excys. time by enlarging upon a subject you are much better versed in than myself. I shall now pro- ceed to inform you that I have already taken the precaution of sending two armed vessels into the Bay with positive orders to prevent any corn being carried to the French from Pisiquid, Mines or Annapolis Royal, for which purpose the Council of this province have passed an Act laying a very w FRENCH ENCROACHMENTS IN NOVA SCOTIA. 879 heavy penalty on the exportation of Grain without a permit from me. I wish we could as easily prevent their being sup- plied from the Continent, but that I fear we cannot so effec- tually hinder, tho' nothing in my power shall be wanting towards it. The next thing to be considered is the security of this Town against any revenge the French may attempt by ship- ping, we have on this station a Twenty Gun Ship and a Sloop and the twenty gun Ship and Sloop from Carolina are ordered to be here in the Spring .and I have by this opportunity wrote pressingl}'^ to Capt. Legg to come as early as possible. I pro- pose also if your Excellency has no objection to apply to the Captain of the Station Ship at Boston for his assistance but I apprehend it will be time enough to do that after I had heard from vou. I propose that the bearer Col. Monckton shall conduct this expedition he being a person every way qualified, as well by his rank and ability as his knowledge of the place. The officers of the troops to be raised I leave entirely to your Ex- cellency, begging the favor of you to appoint under your commission such persons as you shall think most proper. For the better execution of this design I have given Col. Monckton an unlimited credit upon Messrs. Apthorp and Hancock and I must desire the favour of your Excellency before this is communicated to them to engage them to the profoundest secrecy for upon that every thing depends. As every step to be taken here must depend upon the pos- sibility of raising the men and the progress made therein, I shall impatiently expect the honor of hearing from your Ex- cellency by the very first opportunity. Col. Monckton's powers and instructions are made out as you will perceive Sir in tho most general terms in order to obviate any difficulties that might be incurred by confining them too much to particulars, in the fullest persuasion that this most necessary and useful enterprise will meet with your Excellency's hearty concurrence. I beg leave to assure you that I am with the greatest respect & esteem, Sir Yr. Excellency's s:; you will take such ejffectual Tiieasures as will frustrate the designs of the French and will procure an essential Benefit to your own Government. I am, &c., T. ROBINSON. (A True Copy) W. SmRLEY. Extract from a Letter of Governor Shirley to Sir Thomas JRohinaon, dated Novr. 11, 1754. About a week ago I had the Honour to receive your letter dated the 5th of July, acquainting me that it was his Majesty's pleasure that I should concert the properest measures with Col. Lawrence Lt. Governor of Nova Scotia for taking all possible advantage in that Province of the supposed absence of the Indians inhabiting it in case he had force enough to attack the French Forts erected in those parts, without ex- posing the English Settlemts. there : and that if I had not already entered into such a concert with Colonel Lawrence I should immediately proceed thereupon. This supposed absence of the Indians p/oving to be a mistake, the advantage proposed from it could not be taken. But as it seems to be the spirit and intent of his Majesty's Commands that Colo. Lawrence and I should act in concert for taking any proper advantage for attacking the French forts erected in Nova Scotia, without leaving the English Settlemts. there exposed: I have acquainted him with my construction of those orders, and that if he construes them in the same sense and will let me know whether he wants any and what assistance to enable him to execute them, and com- municate to me such plan as he shall think most proper for the Service, I would endeavour to send him the assistance from this Province in time and readily Co-operate with him in such measures as shall be judg'd best by us for effecting the proposed Service. It Colonel Lawrence had a sufficient force to attack the French forts and keep the field against the revolted inhabi- tants of Schiegnecto now drawn off to them, and tl ; Collected strength of the other French Settlements scatter'd up and down in those parts which openly avow the interest of Canada and disclaim all obedience to his Majesty's Governmt. I believe he would make no great accot. of the Indians oi Nova ■1|v ^«<4-4 FRENCH ENCBOACHMENTS IN NOVA SCOTIA. 385 I be a taken. osty's oncert rencli inglish ith my lem in its any corn- ier for .stance him in g the Ick the jinhabi- lUected ip and Canada imt. I Nova Scotia : Though they when join'd with the other Eastern Indians., and some French of Canada might have been a formi- dable enemy to the New England Forces in their late inarch to the head of the River Kennebeck &c. thro' a wilderness Country, a service of itself extremely fatiguing and in wch. the expertness of the Indians in Bushfighting gives them a great superiority over the best troops who are not accustom'd to it, yet a large body of them in an open Country would give Regulars or even the New England Militia but small inter- ruption, and small parties of them are more to be dreaded in Ambushes from whence they may instantly escape into the woods, than ten times their force in an open field where they can't attack by surprize : and never will venture against an equal force. It is universally agreed by every English Officer of Nova Scotia, with whom I liave convers'd here as a thing certain that the principal French fort at Beau Sejour m&y be easily cutt off from their water which it is said they are obliged to fetch at half a miles distance from the Fort as they might likewise from supplies of Provisions or Stores all which they must receive from Louisbourg eitlier through the Bay Vcrte or the Bay of Funda, so that in case it should prove difficult to reduce them by the force of Artillery, yet it seems very practicable to starve the Garrison into a surrender provided' we have a sea force superior or equal to that of the French in those two Bays to prevent their being supported from Louis- bourg with Recruits or Provisions. As far as I can learn from conversation with the same Gen- tlemen it is not doubted but that the Regular troops wch. Colonel Lawrence could spare to attack the French Forts on the Isthmus and the lower fort on St Johns River reinforc'd with 1000 men from New England would be a sufficient force to secure the success of that Service and drive the French of Canada out of the Province. What Ships of War might be requisite over and above what are now employ'd for the protection of Nova Scotia and might be drawn thither from the New England, New York, and Vir- ginia Stations in order to dislodge the French from the lower fort on St John's River and to cutt off their Garrison upon the Isthmus from receiving Supplies or Reinforcemts. by the way of Bay Vert, or thro' the Bay of Funda, I can't presume to say — its v/ell known that the French have had a 36 Gun Ship almost constantly since the conclusion of the late Peace in the Bay of Funda and it is said they have generally one 99 I : 1 'i! 11^,1 386 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. 50 Gnu Ship at least cruizing or station'd near Bay Vert; whother his Majesty hath any of that force in those parts I don't know. As to the most advantageous opportunity for attacking the French Forts, Sir, I woulcl with great submission observe that their Incroachmts. upon the Ohio seem at present to require all the forces they can spare out of Canada to support them^ wch. seems a considerable circumstance in our fiivour. Another advantage is by the defection of the Inhabitants of Schiegnecto to the Frenclt. that district wch. hath a greater quantity of rich Arable land than any other part of Nova Scotia is now left vacant^ so that there is room for 500 or per- haps 1000 families to be settled there, wch. if done with persons of Industry and Sobriety and acquainted with Hus- bandry whose iidelitv and attachment to His Majesty's Govt, may be depended upon, such I call settlers Either from Great Britain,. New England or the North of Ireland would by its Neighbourhood to the King's Garrison there greatly strengthen it — upon occasion be an exceeding good barrier to the Peninsula by securing the Isthmus and a curb to the French Inhabitants of Minas aiul Annapolis River by a Con- tinual Inspection of their behavioui with them. I beg leave, Sir, furtl>er to observe that the longer this service is put olF, the more difficult it grows on every acct. It is certain that it might have been much more easily effected than it can now,, if the small party wch. was at first sent to St. John's River under an Ensigns Command had been imme- diately remov'd and the Party wch. first appear'd under the Command of Monsieur de la Corn in Schiegnecto without any sort of Cannon to defend them had been drove out of the Province before the one and the other had strengthened them- selves so much as they have done. And it seems eq'ially cer- tain that the longer it is delay'd the French works will grow still stronger, and France part with them with greater reluc- tance : and if an open Rupture should happen between the two Crowns before the French are dislodg'd, whoever con- siders the superior strength of their Fort on the Isthmus to those of tlie English, and the superior number of inliabitunts there who are in the French Interest to those whose attach- ipent to the English interest can be depended upon will not be at a loss to determine wch. nation would be most likely to stand their ground longest in the Province : The English indeed have at present much the greatest number of Regular Troops in it but its well known how expeditious the Frencli ^ \ ■ -\A.l>. FRENCH ENCROACHMENTS IN NOVA SCOTIA. 387 are in bringing Troops into a Country wch. they would win : what opportunities they liave of doing that into Nova Scotia by surprize and how sudden and fatal a blow they gave to Canao and the King's Garrison there with an armament fitted out from Louisbourg immediately after the declaration of the last war. I think it my duty, Sir, further to observe that if Nova Scotia should be lost by any sudden blow the Eastern parts of tlie Province of Massachusetts Bay, and the whole Province of Ntjw flampshire (within wch. Tracts of Territory are included tlie Woods from whence the Royal Navy is now supply'd with Masts, Yards and Bowsprits) together with the Rivers of St. John's, Pcntagoet and Konnebeck, and all the Sea coast as far as Merrimack River Avith the whole fishery to the Westward of Newfoundland must soon fall into the possession of the French most likely in the same Spring and if they should hold these acquisitions together with Canada and Louisbourg that they would then have it in their power to assemble and support a very large body of Regular Troops in these parts (wch. they cant possibly do long at present) and by the Situation of their New Sea Coast abounding with most Commodious Harbours for the largest ships of war, perhaps be able to dispute the mastery of the Eastern part of the Atlantick Ocean wth. the British Navy : How far. Sir,, such an event might go towards determining the fate of the Colonies seems easy to conceive. It would certainly be extremely difficult to retrieve such a loss by force of arms and it is probable that France must be greatly exhausted and reduced to as feeble a state as she was in at the time of making the Treaty of Utrecht, before she could be brought to make another Cession of Nova Scotia to the Crown ot Great Britain: How great an Object this Country is. Sir, in the Eyes of the French seems to appear from the risque they run in the destination of much the greatest part of their naval force under the Command of the Duke D'Anville during the late War to the Coast of Nova Scotia at a time when Great Britain was in possession of Cape Breton with a strong squadron lying in the Harbour of Louisbourg and the arrival of a Stronger under the Command of Admiral Lestock was daily expected at the same place : And the manifest incroach- ments they have made upon it since the conclusion of the present Peace even whilst the negotiations of Commissaries wch. botii Crowns liad very lately agreed to in a solemn manner for settling the disputed limits was actually holding , Mi .1 111 III it 38g NOVA SCOTIA DOCtTMEJrra. 'if't. f!-^ U'l at Paris, seem to shew that the Bent of their Councils is still the same — whether if they shonhl be siilTer'd to go on strengthening themselves in their incroachmts. Tintil they should be in a condition to become masters of the whole province, they may not be tempted to find some pretence for declaring war in order to avail themselves of such an oppor- tunity : or whether the wresting of those holds out of their hands before they arrive to such a pitch of strength, and curbing them with a lino of forts near the Borders of Canada would not tend to make the present Peace more lasting and solid are matters wch. tho' they do not lie within the Compass of my Knowledge in publick affairs to determine yet I thought not improper for me to mention for your consideration. I should have mention'd it among the advantages of driving the French of Canada out of Nova Scotia now that it would give New England and particularly the Province of the Mas- sachusetts Bay a most grateful sense of His Majesty's Pater- nal care of his Colonies and animate them to Exert them- selves in the Common cause at this critical Conjuncture. Tho' I have mentioned, Sir, that the opinion of several Officers of Nova Scotia is that tho addition of 1000 New Eng- land men to tho Regular Troops wch. could be spared to attack the French Forts would be sufficient, yet I would not be un- 'derstood to say either that that would be a sufficient force, or that so great an one would be necessary, that is a matter wch. is wholly with Colonel Lawrence to determine : I am apt to think however that as it will be a very essential part of tho service that the French should be dislodg'd from the Fort near the mouth of the River St. John's, and it should be done at the same time that the French forts on the Isthmus are attacked, he may be of opinion that it may be advisable for him to be assisted from New England with some Troops in that part of the Enterprise. It is not practicable for us to have a consultation together by letter before the latest Vessells wch. are employ'd in the English Trade from hence will take their departure this sea- son, but we shall be able to agree upon measures in a very few weeks for the reduction of the French Forts early in next year in case it should be his Majesty's pleasure to have that done. These orders should arrive here by the latter end of March • or first week in April to bo in time for beginning the opera- tions early in the year, and if they were sent in a 50 Gun Ship instead of one of his Majesty's Sloops, tliat might be FRENCH ENCROACHMENTS IN NOVA SCOTIA. 389 sufficient for tlie service together with the throe Sliipa now upon the Boston, New York and Virginia stations, all wch. should have express orders to assist in it. The first London Ships belonging to the New England Trade usually sail for Boston in the middle of February. If you would be pleas'd to send, 6ir, a Copy of his Majesty's orders to Mr. Bollan agent for this province ho would take care to transmit them to me, wch. might possibly save time : If Letters are trans- mitted under Cover to me for the Captains upon the New York and Virginia Stations I could forward them by an express by Land. Governor Shirhy to Governor Lawrence. Boston Dec. 14th 1754. Sib,— I had the honour of your packets by Lt. Col. Moncton, containing your proposals for driving the French of Canada out of Nova Scotia according to the Scheme lay'd down in your letters to me and Instructions to Colonel Moncton, I view'd this plan most justly calculated by your Honour for his Majesty's Service with great pleasure and did not hesi- tate to send you the assistance you desir'd of me for carrying it into Execution, as soon as I had perused it. Two days after this I received news from England that his majy. had been pleas'd to order mine and Sir William Pep- perell's Rcgimts. to be forthwith reviv'd, and two Brisli. Regimts. to imbark for Virginia upon an Expedition to be commanded by Major General Braddock : and since that I have receiv'd my packets from the Secretary at Warr, Sir Thomas Robinson, and Lord Halifax, upon the affair of my Regiment. As the orders I receivd in them seem'd at first sight to me to clash witli the designed ?]xpedition agt. the French in Nova Scotia this Spring, I was greatly embarrassed, but soon came to a determination to co-operate with you in the most vigorous manner, for effecting the important Service within your own Governmt. wch. your Honour may depend upon my prosecuting to the utmost of my power. As I have had for several days an inevitable load of business upon my hands, part of wch. consisted in sending the neces- sary Dispatches to England, to let the Ministry Know my resolution of co-operating with you, pi^d what part it was requisite for them to act, in order to enable us to enter into. i ^• V l! 390 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. tlio propos'd Sorvico in Nova Scotia, I bogg'd tlio favour of Colonel Moncton to atMiaint your Flonour very particularly with what I had detormin'd in coiioort with him to do : 80 must dosiro to roforr you to his letter wch. gooH in this Vossell, wch. I have detained three or four day«' till I could dispatcli hiui, and have prouus'd him to ac(iuaint you with it, yt. your Honour may make the master some consideration for it. I send you by him your publick packets from England, among wch. your Honour will find two letters from the Lords of Admiralty, one to Captn. Rous the other to (/ai)tn. KinRoy, containing orders for them both to repair forthwith to Virginia, and put themselves under the conmiand of Connnodore Keppel, wch. Orders Captn. Shirley, hath likewise received upon this •Station, as I doubt not the Captns. upon the New York and Oarolino Stations, either have or soon will: I have already wrote to Sir Thomas llobinson and Lord Halifax, pressing for orders to countermand this, as I shall to Commodore Keppel upon the same affair, and hope your Honour will prevail upon Captn. Rous and Kinsoy as I have done upon Captn. Shirley, not to proceed to Virginia, untill I can have an answer at least from Commodore Keppel : and yt. you will bo pleas'd to write yourself both to him and the Ministry as I nave done : for otherwise the P]xpedition in the Bay of Funda cannot proceed, nor indeed in any other part of it, to Effect. It is now near Eleven at nigh<", and I have been writing hard ever since Seven in the morning to dispatch a London ship waiting for my letters, and can scarce hold my pen in my hand. I hope your Honour will find the Acct. given you in Colonel Moncton's letter satisfactory to you. I am with very great hopes of finding you eflbctual assis- tance seasonably, and the most perfect esteem and regard, Dear Sir, Your Honours most faithfull and Honble. Lt. Govr. Lawrence. most obedient Servant, W. SHIRLEY. * ' Indorsed,— "RecA. by Jones, Dec. 27. ■T^ SIEUE OK BKAUHEJOIIR. 391 * Jnstructwm to the lion. Lt, (hi, Moncklon. (Scroll.) With thoHO iiiHtnictions you will ronoivo a lottor for Governor Shirley which at your nrrival at HoMton you aro to xloliver to him and to connnlt with rum how two thousaiid men may be raised with the greatest ])rivai^y and doHpatch for the service of this Province who are early in the Sprinj; to bo cmploy'd under your command (or the reduction of tlui Fort the French have contrary to M'reaty set up in his Majesty's undoubted Territory's at a place on the Jiasin of (yhignectu by them called lieausejour as well as to remove them IVom any Encroachments they have made on his Majesty's dominions in the Province. If you Jind there in a great probability of your procuring the above mentioned nuud)er of men to be in readiness to take the Field in the beginning of March you are to provide upon the bet conditions in your Power 12 Kighteen pound guns with piu'tenances and 100 rounds of Ammunition wch. will be al)0tit 150 barrels of Powder, Tents, Small Arms, Anununi- tion Flints and other things necossarv for the Troops, Harness for 50 horses, 200 Bill hooks, 500 Pickaxes, 500 Iron Shod Sho veils, 50 Wheel barrows. And that you may be the better enabled to carry on this Service you have herewith a letter of unlimited (Jredit upon Messrs. Apthorp and Hancock Merchts. in Boston, if tho Cannon and other materials above mentioned cannot bo pro- cured at Boston you must apply to the Governor of Now York for his assistance in getting wdiat may be wanting. You are to correspond with mo as often as opportunity * The Honorable llobert Monckton was the second son of John, first Viseount Galway, an Irisli peer by liis wife, Lady Elizabeth Manners, youngest daughter of the second Duke of Uuthind l)y his Duchess Catlierine, daughter of the celebrated Willian\ Lord Kussetl, beheaded in IG83. Robert Monckton began his military career in Flanders in 1742, was upon the King's Guard at the Bat- tle of Dettingen, and was present in several other engagements. In 1753 he was stationed at Halifax, and was sent from thence in command of a body of Regular troops to suppress the riots which took place that year among the Ger- mans at Lunenburg. In 1754 he received the appointment of Govr. of the fort of Annapolis Royal. In June, 1755, he commanded at the rediiction of Fort Beau- sejour and the other French furts at the Isthmus, and in the following year he was appointed Lt. Governor of Nova Scotia under Lawrence. In 1757 he obtained the appointment of Lt. Col. of the 4th Batt. of the 60th Itegt. called Royal Ameri- cans, and was attached to the army of Lord Loudun. In the following year he commanded a Battalion at the siege of Louisbourg under General Amherst, and in 1759 he served as Brigadier General under Wolfe at the capture of Quebec, where he received a wound in the lungs. The only immediate reward <^'.:;- ■■-.-! I ;i!'i- 392 JfOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. i,i^ri|:.|iii olVor?, lettinp^ me know liow you go on, tuking care to send your lottery by the safest eonvoyanco and in the most private manlier, and yon are to conduct yonrHolf according to those luHtructions or such otiions a» you may hereafter receive. lh\t if it rtliould so hap|)en tliat yon do not hear from me before the beginning of Mnrch, yon are in tlnit case as soon as von think the weather will ponnit yon to take the Field to hire a suificient number of Vessels to transport yonr Troops and Haggjige and Warlike Stores and to proceed to Chignecto and there to use your Kndeavonrs to take the French Fort at Beausejour as that is the principal place they liave, and it you Huccecd in taking it you are to accept of such Capitulations from the French officer as you shall esteem most for his Majesty's honour and the Good of the Service. a vessel to acquaint nie with your doings thereir*. You are then to send a Detachment such as you shall deem suflficient to summon to surrender a small Fort the French have built at a place called Gaspinniu on the Bay Verte, and if the Ollicer connnanding there shall refuse to surrender the Detachmt. be ordered to use force to bring him to a Com- pliance. After which you are to wait in the most Convenient place till you receive further Orders from nie. During your Stay in Boston you are in all things to Consult his Excellency Gov. Shirley and Conduct your.-^o'f according to his advice and such instructions as you now have or may hereafter receive from me. Given at Halifax tin's Seventh day of November, 1754. By Comd. of the Lieut. Govr. Wm. Cotterell, Secy. C r L : which he roceiTed fi>r these aervici's was tlte Calonelcy i>f the 17th Kogt. of Joof In 1761 lie was brevetted a Major General^ and siiortly after appointed Governor of New York. H(* was soon removed from this governroent by being Appointed to the conimand of the Expedition against Martineco, witere he is said to have expended £600 from his private purse in furnisliing to the sub- altern oflkers of his army those necessaries and conilorts wliich, from the small- ness of their p.ay, they were unable to procure for ttiemselves He returned to New York after the capture of Martineco, and then proceeded to England. Soon utter his return he was tried by a Court Martial, on charges of oppi'essH)n, Ac, preferred by a Major Campbell, but was honorably acquitted. He received the military appointment of Governor of Berwick in 176G, and was a Lieut, General in 1770. He was afterwards recommended by the East India Company as Commander in Chief of the Army of India, but did not receive the appoint- ment. In 1778 he was Governor of Portsmouth, and represented that Borough in the British Parlinment until his death, which occurred in 1782. — iV. S. SIS. Doc ; Army Li$t ; Burht'$ Peerage; New Y(yrk Colonial Documents, vol. 8, 260. w ^.v^v ', ',11 >i SIGOE OP BEAUSfiJOUR. 393 iw'' Governor Shirley to Governor Lawrence. Boston, January 6, 1755. I have the lionotir of your lottor of tlio 12th of hwi Do- cembor. I am perfectly convinc'd (your Honour's lottor and opinion in the matter oireotually did that, before T talk'd with Colonel Moncton) tliat a thouaand men Ih not a HufHciont reinforeomont to the RcgularH that you can Hpare for the proposed service: and I HJiall exert my best Endeavourw for raising two thou- sand, in time to be landed at Hchiegnecto by the firHt of April atfurthoHt: I believe the season of the year, as the general run of tlie weather is in this Climate, will scarcely p(3rmit taking the Held before : and I hope, that will be early enough to take the French unpropar'd at Land, and before the arrival of their Ships of Warr at Louisbourg: Tho forces employed by mo in the Expedition agt. Cap Breton could not land, thro' the Severity of the season, upon tho Island, before the 31 st day of Aprill. If the season should prove moderate this year nnd is practicable to get the men, stores oin : and that it wan your JndiHponHablo Duty to procM^od aH you did : Hut I think a failure of huocohh on^ht not to bo thoufj^ht of in tho caHo : you niUHt Hiicooed if the Levies aro raiwod, and arrivo at tho plaoo of their doHtination in SeaHon. I shall join, Sir, with Colonel Monokton in every frugal expedient for lightening tho oxnenco : Hut it will iiuwitably bo a very considerable one : 'JIm; nature of the Horvico, which your Honour is a much bettor jtidgo of than I am, will not sufler it to be otherwise. Tho terms of Iidistint. Avhicjji will raise tho men, must be that they shall receive the Kings pay, full oloathing, a blanket, iiOs. sterlg. liounty money, and bo diacliarged at tho end of tiu^ exp(;dition or within Twolvo months time from tho day of tlu;ir Krdistmt. In all tho levies wch. 1 liavo made hero ibr his Majesty's service these liavo ever been tho terms, except limiting the expedition to a y(3ar'H time at the furthest. In the late expedition upon Kennebec the Assembly allowed the men 15 old Tenour being tho value of 3()s. Stcrlg. bounty thd tho enlisting was only for tho term of three months, 20 old Tenour or 20s. Sterlg. por montli consisting of four weeks (wch. is considerably better thai), tho Kings pay and cloathing) besides their provisions, and a blanket, your Honour will therefore judge how impracti- cable it is to raise them for tho present service, which will carry them out of New England with a certain prospect of coming to action, upon lower terms, than what I have above proposed. Colonel Monokton at first proposed having the men rais'd for six months only, as thinking that would save half their cloathing, and yt. thoy would enlist for less bounty money : but to have ofllered them half cloathing in tiio terms of their Inlistmt. would not have rais'd them, and to have given thom but half cloathing after they wore inlisted (without letting them know it before) would have occasioned great discontent ; and as to the Bounty money, they will enlist avS soon for a year as Bix of the summer months, for the same bounty : I have therefore advised him to have them inlisted for a year, they may be disbanded at pleasure, when the service is over. But should it require a longer time to execute it, than the term of their Inlistmt. detaining them beyond it might have been daii- gerous: Discontents and mutinous behaviour might have f 398 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. I it i, arose : I experienced the inconvenience of it at Louisbourg : Besides, Sir, it seems to me, that your Honour will very probably want the service of some of them for the whole year : It is an essential part of the expedition that the French should be dislodged from their lower fort at least upon St. Jolm's river, and all their settleints. broke up there : If they are BufFer'd to remain there they will soon be very strong and preserve their communication between Canada and the Bay of Funda thr6 that river, deprive the English of the Purr trade upon it, wch, is valuable and be masters of the sea coast between that and the River Pentagoet or Penobscott, and maintain an absolute influence over the Indians of both Rivers : To leave them one post in the Bay of Funda would be of mischievous consequence : Now it may require some of the Irregulars to take possession of it and garrison it until your Honour can spare Regulars to do it : There ought indeed to be a new fort built there : both English and French ever kept a garrison there, as they had alternate possession of the river until K. William the thirds reign. As Colonel Monckton hath not in your Honour's Instructions to him any particular directions concerning his acting in this River, he would, I believe, be glad, if you would be pleas'd to send him what orders your Honour shall think proper upon this head, particularly in case this fort is attacked, whether you would have it done by a detachmt. of the forces at the same time, that the operations upon the Isthmus are cariying on, wch. would divide their strength, or have the French first dislodg'd from the Isthmus, and the fort as St. John's River etc. to be afterwards attacked : It is possible likewise that there may be occasion for detain- ing some of the Irregulars longer than the bare service of the expedition is over, on other accts. I need not mention to your Honour that it is necessary the officers should have the King's pay as well as the men. Only one thing more remains to be mention'd to your Honour upon this head : Mr. Winslow at first proposed to me to give him a Colonel's commission yt. he might have the Benefit of cloathing his Regimt. as in ordinary cases. I told him this was an extraordinary case, in which no perquisites were to be expected, and besides it would not be proper upon other accts. Ho thereupon reminded me that his taking the command I had thought of for him would prevent his going to England this spring, where he had some affairs depending that would suffer by his absence, and besides, that it might in other respects be SIEGE OP BEAUSEJOUR. 399 for his advantage to be there at this conjnnctnre, tliat hia fitting of himself out for the expedition would be an expence, and upon the whole his bare Lioutent. Colonel's pay, for the few months ho should receive it, would scarcely compensate for what he should be out of pocket, besides his being a sufferer on several other accts. As he is an officer that will be very necessary for me to employ in this expedition, and without whom I might find difficulties in raising the men in time, I have talked over the affair with Colonel Moncton, who is of opinion that it is reasonable (as I am too) that Mr. Wins- low should have an allowance or present of 600 Sterg. over and above his pay, for his service, in some shape or other : He thinks that the saving upon the cloathing of each Regi- ment out of the two-pences would amount to abt. 1300 Sterg., and therefore propos'd that the 600 should be rais'd out of the fund for bounty money supposing 35 or 36 shillings be allow'd instead of SOs. per man : wch. is agreed between us, and Mr. Winslow acquiesces in it. Your Honour hath, 1 perceive, given Colonel Moncton un- limited credit upon Messrs. Apthorp and Hancock, and he looks upon himself confin'd by that to those Gentlemen for every article to be provided for in this expedition : I have a friendship for both of them and have been instrumental in introducing them, particularly Mr. Apthorp into the Business of the Board of Ordnance and as merchant factors for vour Honour's Governmt. wch. I think stands upon no appointmt. nor order of the Board of Trade, but purely upon the plea sure of the Govrs. of Nova Scotia from time to time : My kindness still remains for them, and we are upon exceedingly good terms ; But as I have a Daughter lately marry'd to a mercht. here, who is a Young Gentleman of extreme good character, and for whose fidelity and honour in his dealings I can be answerable, of some Capital, and Eldest son to a mercht. of the largest fortune of any one in Boston I think I shall not do anything unreasonable by Mr. Apthorp and Han cock, if I request the favour of your Honour to let my son in Law Mr. John Erving be join'd with them in furnishing money and stores for this Expedition upon the same terms they do : Not only this particular occasion upon wch. I ask it makes it in many respects reasonable in regard to Messrs. Apthorp & Hancock, but the part I have had in succouring the province of Nova Scotia when in extreme danger of being lost during the late warr, would make it reasonable for me to extend my request that Mr. Erving might upon future occasions likewise 1 t III t I. '^f i 400 KOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. bo let into one third part of tlio benefit of the merchant agent or factor's business for the province of Nova Scotia, bo that what it will : I mean, Sir, reasonable with regard to tliem. The granting of the request with respect to your Honour I shall esteem altogether a favour, and reckon myself under an obligation to you for it: I don't think it would be disagree- able to Lord Halifax, and I believe Mr. Kilby would not have it in his power to embarrass any accots. upon this particular occasion : Besides, he would be very loath to disoblige, I believe either Mr. Erving or his father. If there will be the least inconvenience in your doing this, Sir, as I have taken the liberty to make the request, so I beg leave to assure )ou that I would not in such case desire it and you will give me as much satisfaction in declining it in that case, as in granting the request if there is no incoiiveni- ence in your doing it. I am with the most real esteem and regard, Dear Sir Your most faithful and most obedient servant, W. SHIRLEY. Hon. Lt. Gov. Lawrence. Indorsed — Becd. per Cap. 'Wimblo, ye 17th. Governor Lawrence to Lords of Trade. My Lords, — Halifax, 12th January, 1755. * » * * * When I laid before your Lordship, in my letter of the 1st of August, 1754, the propriety of building a Fort in Chibbeu Accadie River, I intended thereby to forward the settlement of the Country about Halifax, by covering the Inhabitants, as much as possible from the annoyance of the Indians, which I thought the best temporary remedy for our present circum- stances, and the only step I could take towards acquirmg some internal strength ; as I had not sufficient force to act offensively against those French, who had encroached on his Majesty's uncioubted Territories. But I soon discovered that no measure I could take for the security of the Province, would have the desired effect, until the Fort at Beauaejour, and every French Establishment on the North side of the Bay ^^wl) m ^!^1 SIEGE OF BEAUSEJOUn. 401 the Eastward of the Bay of Fundy & the Isthmus of C'hignecto, its distance from Halifax by land going by Piziquid and Mines 18 about 160 miles. It has a very good Bason and Harbour for Jiis Majesty's Ships where they may ride at anchor in greaf> BIEGE OF BEAU8EJ0UR. 405 fenfety, But it would take 1000 niLMi to defond tlio work3 if attack2d. Fo7'is on the Isthmus of Chignedo. 1. Fort CusinERLAND (called by tlio French whilst in their possession Beau Sejour) is a regular earthwork consisting of iivo Bastions faced with Timber, has a ditch & Covered way and is suflicient for containing a Garrison of six hundred or 800 men. Sin< ■ the Bemoval of the French there have been some considerable additions & repairs made to the works which are ordered to be compleatcd this season. It is situated on a high i)oint of land between the small rivers Mepsaguash our batteries. Our loss upon this occasion, is very inconsideral)le, not above twenty killed, and as many wounded. Major Preble, of the Irregulars, is slightly wound- ed in the shoulder ; Ensign Tonge, of Major General Warbur- ton's Regiment, acting as Sub-Engineer, received a shot in bis thigh, as he was takii>g a Survey of the Grounds lor the trenches and the batteries to be raised against the Fort; and Ensign Ilay, of Colonel Ilopson's, Avho had been taken pri- soner by the Indians, in going alone from our Fort to the Camp, was killed by one of our Shells in the French Fort, which fell through a sort of casement, and also killed three French OtKcers, and wounded two more. At Colonel Monckton's lirst arrival, the French had a large number of Inliabitants and Indians, four hundred and fitly of which,, were posted at a Blockhouse which they had on their side of the River Messaguach, to defend the pass of tiiat River. Here they had thrown up a strong Breastwork of Timber, for covering their men, and had Cannon Mounted in the Blockhouse. At this place they made a stand for about an hour, but were forced by our troops with some loss, leaving their Blockhouse and the pass of the river clear for our people, who marched without further interruption, to the ground intended for their encampment ; as we had not Men enough to invest the Fort entirely, several got away, and, when the Fort surrendered, there remained one hundred and fifty regulars, and about three hundred Inhabitants, several of which, with their Officers were wounded. We do not yet SIEGE OP BEAUSEJOTTB. 400 many vowiul- 'arbur- shot. in 'or tlio and till pri- o the Fort, three , largc^ iiivy of their that ork of ited in about "leaving (people, Iground 3nongh jicn the [d fifty leral of iot yet )f exactly know tho numbers that were killed in the Fort ; but we believe their loss has not been triflinf^, as several lay half buried upon the Parade. Colonel Monckton has new named the Fort, and called it Fort Cumberland ; he gives tho Troops under his command, great praise for their good behaviour, and the spirit and resolution with which they acted, upon this occasion. I have now given the Colonel orders for jjroceeding to tho Fort at St. John's River, which I flatter myself will give him very little trouble, as their main strength, which was Bcau- sejour, is gone. He has likewise my orders to leave a Garri- son in that Fort as it is an infinitely better one than ours, as well for situation as strength. Tho deserted French Inhabi- tants are delivering up their Anus, I have given him orders to drive them out of the Country at all events, tho' if he wants their assistance, in putting the Troops under Cover, (as the Barracks in the French Fort Avere demolished) he may first make them do all the service in their power. Our possession of the Istlnnus, it is to be hoped, will bring over the Mickniack Indians to our interest. Tho expedition has cost much more tlian was expected, but there Avill remain stores to a very considerable value, which may be hereafter sold for the public account, or kept for the future service of the Province. ***** I am, &c., CIIAS. LAWRENCE. The Lords Comms. for ' Trade & Plantations. Governor Pliips* to Governor Lawrence. Sm,— - Our hopes of a more favorable account of tho late action near tho Ohio are now at an end, the last post liaving brought us the particular circumstances of tliat most deplorable affair. I transmit you herewith copies of several letters and papers that have come to my hands relating to it. This is un- doubtedly an heavier stroke than ever the English upon this Continent have met with before. I wish the Etfcct of it may be not only to raise the spirit and resentment of the several Colonies against the French, but also to caution the several, armies not to trust too much to any uncertain accounts of the * See page 183. 410 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. strciigtli and circumstances of tlio enemy. After sucli mis- fortunes it behoves ua to look forward and to take the best inoasures for liis Majesty's service which tlie prcsciit state of affairs will admit of. The forces employed in the Crown Point expedition are actually upon their march thither, and his Excellency Goverr. Shirley on the twenty eighth day of last month was at Schenectady on his way to Oswego where all but the last division of his Forces had marched before him. What effect this news may have on the Expedition to Niagara I cannot determine. I am well assured his Excel- lency's Zeal for the Service will be accompanied with great prudence and discretion. I doubt not that your Honour will now think it more necessary than ever that the Forces in Nova Scotia should be so employed as not only to secure the acquisitions already made, but also to obtain such furthor advantages as they shall bo sufhcient for, and that Admiral Boscawen Avill have the same sentiments with respect to hi8 Majesty's ships under his Command. I must on this occasion also propose to your Consideration whether the danger with which his Majesty's Interest is now threatened will not re- move any scruples which mav heretofore have subsisted with regard to the French Neutrals as they arc termed and render it both just and necessarv that thev should be removed unless some more effectual security can bo given for their fidelity than the common obligation of an oath for by the principles of their Religion this may easily be dispensed with and although they expose themselves to be treated as Rebels, yet what con- fidence can ever bo placed in Subjects who are inclined to revolt whenever they can do it with safety? The Assembly of this Province is to meet the sixth Instant. I hope to pre- vail on the members to make further provision for strengthen- ing the Crown Point expedition. Had the same Zeal been shown by the Southern Colonies as has appeared in this Pro- vince and the other Governments of New England together with New York and the Jersies, affairs would probably have been in a much better situation than they are at present. I am, Sir your most obedient Humble Servant S. PHIPS. Li. Governor Lawrence. Endorsed. — Lieut. Governor Pliips without date, but by the circumstances must be about the 28 or 29 of July 1755. Reed, by Mr. Green Junr. 18th August 1755. WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-17G1. 411 Governor Phips to Governor Lawrence. Sir,— JJosTON, 28 July, 1755. On tlio 23 Tnstt. I forwarded to you t]»e advicoa rood, by express from the Govrs. of the Soutluirii Colonies, relating to the Forces under the innnediate commniand of Major CJenoral Braddock. Such full credit was given to the most unlia})py Circumstances of this Melancholy News, by the Gentlemen of Maryland and Pensilvania, who are nearest to the Place of Action that in conformity to their desire, I thought it proper iramcdiately to transmit the same to you. I have since reed, further advices wch. have something of a more favourable aspect, and Avhich I think it equally necessary to forward ; and as this is an affair wch. very nearly concerns us I shall from time to time Communicate all material Circumstances relating to it as they shall come to my knowledge, and the rather as the whole Continent seems to be filled with uncertain reports, some of which may probably reach you. I am, Sir, Your most obedient Humble Servant, Honble. Charles Lawrence, Esq. S. PillPS. Endorsed — Enclosing Copies from Mr. Delancey, Peters & Trent. Kecd. Aug. 5, p. Lot H.all. Answered Aug. (ith & 8th by way of IJIiode Island pr. Cap. . Relating to the defeat of Genl : Braddock. < n mm |l been Is Pro- Ijvether have [PS. histanccs inr. 18th SlR,- Governor Delancey to Governor Phips. Nkw York, 21 July 1755, in the Evening. According to my conjecture, things are not so bad as represented by Colo. Innes. I have just now received from Philadelphia tlie accounts I enclose. I hope the General may stiH be able to recover the Cannon with the assistance of that part of his Army which was left behind under Colo. Dunbar. I am, Sir, Your most humble & most obedient servant Lt. Govr. Phips. JAMES UeLANCEY. Copy Attest : Thos. Clarke, Deputy Secy. 412 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. William Trent to Governor Hunter 3Ior7'is. Mouth ob^ Conicochig, Wednesday, 16 July, 1755. May it please Your Honour, — Being inform'd that you wore on your journey for the array but stopped at Shippingsburg on acot. of the news brought by the Waggoners who run off at the beginning of the engagement makes me take tliis opportunity of acquainting your Honor That by a young man just come here from the Camp we are inform'd that our army is beat and the Artillery taken, but that the General with the rest of the army are making a good retreat. As the person who brings this report is a sober young man come from Fort Cumberland since an Express .arrived from the Army I think this acct. the best to be depended upon, and I imagine there will be no great dau^'> ■ ^oing to the fort where I intend to set out for this I am Your Honours most obedt. humble Servant, Wn.LIAM TRENT. To the Honble. Robert Hunter Morris Esq. Governor of Pensilvania at Shippingsburg. ; Copy attest : Tiios. Clarke, Depty. Secry. Bichard Peter's to Governor Delancey. Philadelphia, 19 July, 1755. Sir,— Since mine of Yesterday we have received accounts that the defeat is not general ; that the Army was in two divisions. in the first of which marched the General having with him 1300 men, 4 howitzers, 4 twelve pounders and 13 Artillery wag- gons. The second was commanded by Colo. Dunbar and had not marched further than 2 miles West of the Great Meadows, distant from Fort Duquesne 60 miles having with him the heavy baggage. Ordinance Stores, the Provisions and greatest part of the Waggons. WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761. 413 for tlic he news nning of [uainting from the Artillery \rmy are lis report since an e best to no great t for tliifl The General was advanced within 5 miles of Fort Duqnosne, and marching in a narrow way on the 8th or 9th Instant when he was attacked by a large nnmber of French and Indians and l3eat but not killed as was said, and was making a (ine retreat to Colo. Dunbar's part of the Army. The first Accounts were given by some frightened wag- goners, but the latest is from Capt Trent to our Covernour, in a Letter of the IGtli Instant from the mouth of Conocochig on the Potowmac distant 60 miles from Fort Cumberland, Avhich is copied and sent herewith, and I believe may be best depended upon as the man who gave him the Intelligence, heard at the Fort what the Express Irom the army said and reported it to Capt Trent. I shall add that all accounts are hitherto confused, and ap- pear to be uncertain, so that we have reason to think matters will not turn out so bad as they have been represented. I am Your Honour's most Obdt. Servt. RICHARD PETERS. Honble James De Lancey Esq. Copy Attest : Thos. Clarke, Dy. Secty. , , Extract of a Letter from Major Rutherford. Sir,— Before you receive this you will have heard of the most shocking blow that the British Troops ever received. Gene- ral Braddock march'd within 7 miles of Fort DuQuesne with 1500 men well equipp'd, and a very fine Train of Artillery, leaving Colonel Dunbar, with whom I was, with almost half the Troops behind, with Orders to bring up the Waggons whose horses tired, and to stop until the horses recruited a little, he was attacked by not more, by the best accots. than 300 Indians and Canadians, Avho intirely defeated him with the loss of Sir Peter Halket and most of his best officers, moat of his men and all his artillery, provision, baggage and Am- munition, and ruined all our hopes and schemes. Wo are now on our Retreat, and very little strengthened by the remains of the first Division, the General dangerously wounded, as is Sir John St. Clair and most of thos© who have joined us. ill 414 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Extract of a letter from an Officer in the Army ivith Colo. Dunhar. I am sorry to tell you our Army, at least that part wliich the General went out with being picked men arc intirely defeated. The General arrived at the Rear Party dangerously wounded, as is also Sir John St. Clair and many otlior Officers : The dead uncertain as to numbers I think is near 1000. This with the taking our train of Artillery and all the Baggage is a loss not to be retrieved. They set otf the 12 inst. lor Wills Creek wlioro they expect to be in eight day?. They were obliged to leave and destroy every thing they were marching with except two 6 pounders and Provisions sufficient for their retreat. The Common men bcliaveJ extreamly in the Engagement, the Officers extreamly well but to no effect for the men were so surprised and thrown into Confusion, (tho its imagined the Enemy were very few) that they were obliged to run aM'ay and leave the baggage and every thing else in their possession and but very few arrived safe here. Mr. Soumein is dead in the engagement. Governor Delancey to Governor Phlps. New York, 27 July, 1755. Sir,— I inclose you a copy of a Letter I receiv'd from Capt. Robert Orme, Aide-de-Camp to the late General Braddock, which gives an undoubted account of the late defeat. I have also received from him a list of the Officers killed and wounded, and the return of the men, by which it appears that besiderf the General who died of his Wounds there were 25 officers killed, 37 wounded and 22 unhurt, and that according to the most exact return that could be then gotten, there Avere about 600 men killed and wounded. This disaster will make the French insolent, embolden their Indians, and dishearten ours. I have called the Assembly to meet next week, when I shall propose to them to raise more men to reinforce or sustain the Provincial Troops. We must exert ourselves and do some- thing to Counterbalance our late Loss : bo pleased to write me what may be expected from your Government as soon as you can form a judgement about it. I have not time to write to Governor Wentworth to acquaint him with what I write. am, Sir, Lt. Gov. Phips. Your lionours most obedient. Humble Servant, JAMES DeLANCEY. WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761. Major Robert Orme to Governor Hunter 3forris. 415 Fort Cumberlanp, July 18, 1755. Sir, — I am so extveemly ill in bed with the wonnd I have received in my thigh, that I am under the necessity of em- ploying my friend Capt. Dobson to write for me. I conclude you have had some account of the Action near the banks of the Monongahela, about 7 miles from the French Fort ; As the reports spread are very imperfect, what you have heard must consequently be so too. You sliould have had more early accounts of it, but every officer whose business it was to have informed you, was either killed or wounded, and our distressful situation put it out of our power to attend to it so much as we would otherwise have done. The 9th Instant we passed and repassed the Monongahela, by advancing first a party of 300 men which was immediately followed by another 200 : the General with the Cokunn of Artilleiy, Baggage and the main Body of the Army passed the River the last time about one o'clock. As soon as the whole had got over the Fort side of the Monongahela, we heard a very heavy and quick fire in our front, we immedi- ately advanced in order to sustain them ; but the detachment of the 200 and 300 men gave way, and fell back upon us, which caused such Confusion, and struck so great a panick among our men, that afterwards no military expedient could be made use of that had any effect upon them. The men were so extreamly deaf to the exhortations of the General and the Officers, that they fired away in the most irregular manner all their Ammunition and then run ofT, leaving to the enemy the Artillery, Ammunition, Provisions, and Baggage, nor could they be persuaded to stop till they got so far as Gist's Plantation, nor there only in part, many of them proceeding as far as Colo. Dunbar's party, who lay six miles on this side. The Officers were absolutely sacrificed, by their unparalel'd good behaviour, advancing sometimes in bodies, and some- times separately, hoping by such example to engage the soldiers to follow them, but to no purpose. The General had five horses killed under him, and at last received a wound thro his right arm into his lungs of which he died the 13th Instant : Poor Shirley was shot through the head : Capt. Morris wounded, Mr. Washington* had two horses * Afterwards General Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the American Bevolutionary Army, and first President of the United States. m 41G NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. shot under him, and his deaths sliot through in several places, l)ehaving the whole time with great courage and reso* lution, Sir Peter Halkert was killed upon the spot, Colo. Burton and Sir John St. Clair wounded. I have sent you a list of the killed and wounded according to as exact account as we are yet able to get. Upon our proceeding with the whole convoy to the little meadows it was found impracticable to advance in tlmt manner ; the General therefore advanced with 1200 men, with the necessary Artillery, Ammunition, and Provision, leaving the main body of the convoy under the Command of Colo. Dunbar, with orders to join him as soon as possible. In this manner we proceeded with safety and expedition, 'till the fatal day I have just related ; and happy it was that this disposition was made otherwise the whole must have starved or fallen into into the hands of the Enemy, as numbers would have been of no service to us and our Provision was all lost. As our number of horses wore so much reduced, and those extreamly weak, and many carriages being wanted for the wounded men, occasioned our destroying the Ammunition and superfluous part of the Provision, left in Colo. Dunbar's convoy, to prevent its falling into the hands of the Enemy. As the whole of the Artillery is lost and tho Troops are so extreamly weakened by deaths, wounds and sickness it was judged impossible to make any further attempts, therefore Colo. Dunbar is returning to fort Cumberland with every thing he is able to bring up with him. I propose remaining here 'till my wound will suffer me to remove to Philadelphia, from thence I shall proceed to England; whatsoever commands you may have for me you will do me the favour to direct to me here. By the particular disposition of the French and Indians, it was impossible to judge of the numbers they had that day in the field. I am Dear Sir Your most obedient and most hble. Servant, Governor Morris. Province of the Massa Bay, ROBERT ORME. Copy attest : Tho8. Claeke, Depy. Secry. ■0 ^ah in north a"merica, 1754-1 7G1. 417 vl list of the Officers who were present, and of those Killed and Wounded in the action on the banks qf Monongahela the Qth Day of Jxdy, 1755. Staff. His Excellenc}' Edward Braddock, Esq., General and Conv mander in Chief of all liis Majesty's Forces in North America, -died of his wounds. Kobert Ormo Esq. \ Wounded Roger Morris Esq. > iides de Camp. . . , . Wounded George Washington Esq. ) William Shirley Esq. ^"ccrotary Killed Sir John St. Clair, Deputy Qr. Master General. .Wounded Matthew Lessley, Gentn. Asst. to the Qr.Mr.Genl,Woundcd Francis Halket Esq. Major of Brigade, 44th Reojiment. Sir Peter Halket, Colonel Kill'd Lieut. Colo. Page Slightly Avounded Capt Tatton Kill'd Capt Hobson ...,,. Capt Beckworlh "Capt Gethings Killed Lieut Falconer Lieut Litler Wounded Lieut Bayley Lieut Dunbar , . Wounded Lieut Pattinger Lieut Freeby Wounded Lieut Allen Killed Lieut Halket Kill'd Lieut Simpson , Wounded Lieut Lock Wounded Disney Wounded Kenedy Wounded Townsend..... KilPd Preston . Nartlow kill'd Pennington Wounded 48th Regiment. Lieut t!olo. Burton Wounded Major Sparks Slightly Wounded Capt Dobson .... ..,»...» 87 •:!^ 1' f 418 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMEITTS. Capt Cholmloy Killed Capt Bowyer Wouiulod Capt R088 Wounded Capt Lieu. Morris Barbnt. Wounded Walsham Wounded Crimble Kill'd Widomaii Kill'd Hansard ...Kill'd Gladwin Wou' ' ^ Hathorn Edmeston Wounded Copo Breroton Kill'd Hart Kill'd Montreaeur Wounded Dunbar , . . . . Harrison Cowhart McMullen Wounded Crow Wounded Sterling Wounded Artillery. Capt Ord . . . . Capt Lieut Smith , ' Lieut Buchanuon Wounaed Lieut McLeod Wounded Lieut McCuller Wounded Engineers. Peter McKeller Esq Wounded Robert Gordon Esq Wounded Williamson Esq Wounded Detachment of Sailors. Lieut Spendelou Kill'd Mr Haynes, Midshipman Mr Talbot, Midshipman • Kill'd Capt Stone of Genl. Lascell's Regiment Kill'd Capt Floyer of Genl. Warburton's Regiment. . .Wounded Independant Companies op New York. Capt Gates Wounded - Lieut Soumien , . . , .Kill'd WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-17G1. 419 Lieut Miller Lieut Ilowiu'th of dipt Domeri's Iiitlopenflt. Ooiupy Wounded Lieut Gray of the Same Company Wounded ViROiNiA Titoopa. Capt Stephens Wounded Capt Waft-pouner Capt Poison Kill'd Capt Poronie Kill'd Capt Stewart Hamilton Kill'd Woodward Wright Kill'd ■ SplitdorfT Kill'd Stuart Wounded Waggonner Kill'd McNealo According to the most exact Return wo can as yet get about 600 men killed and wounded. Governor Phips to Governor Lawrence. Boston, 7 November, 1755. The enclosed vote of the General Assembly of this Pro- vince will explain to your Excellency the occasion of my now writing to you. If any such measures as is suppos'd have been taken to oblige the troops which went from this Pro- vince to Nova Scotia in the spring of the year to enlist into his Majesty's service I am persuaded that your Excellency will strictly prohibit all such unjustifiable practices : and I cannot doubt but that your Excellency will give orders that the terms of their Enlistment be complied with and that they be furnished with every thing needful for their comfortable support. In the mean time I am with much respect, Sir Your Excellency's most obedient and most humble servant, His Excellency Governor Lawrence. Indorsed— ^QQ^. per Homer, SOth. S. PHIPS. H ..' 420 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. !| The House of Representatives, Octr. olst, 1755, Whereas it has been represented to this Court that the' Forces raised within this Government for his Majesty's service at Nova Scotia are much exposed by being lodged in tents, and very poorly cloathed, by m'eans whereof they must greatly suffer by the cold as the winter advances, to prevent which some of them have been induced to enlist into the Regiments upon the Establishment in order to obtain cloath- ing and more comfortable lodgings in Barracks, and others for the like reasons are under strong temptations to the same, which circumstances very much disappointment the expecta- tions of this Court who were prevailed upon to countenance^ and encourage so large a number of the inhabitants to leave the Province by the assurances given that they should be dis- 'Charged and at liberty to return upon the expiration of 12 months from their enlistment; and whereas it maybe of ex- treme bad consequence to his Majesty's service at this critical juncture, if the terra of enlistment either according to tlie letter or the true Intent and spirit thereof should not be com- plied with : Therefore voted that his Honour the Lt. Gover- fiour be desired to write to His Excellency Governour Law^ rence and to acquaint him with the trust and dependance placed by this Court on his effectual care that the aforesaid term of Enlistment be complied with and that none of the soldiers that have gone from this Province be left to suffer tlu'ough cold or any unusual and unnecessary hardships, and that in case there be not a suflBcient supply of Cloathing to be >obtained in the Government of Nova Scotia, that upon advice thereof it shall be furnished by this Court and transported thither and delivered to the men at first cost, providetl such cost may be stopped from each mans wages respectively when due, and reimbursed to the Province. Sent up ior> concurrence. J, Hubbard, Spkr. In Council J smbor 1st 1755. Read and concurred. Thos. Clarke, Dpty. Sccty, VAB IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761. 421 Governor Shirley to Governor Lawrence. Boston, Febry. 1756. 1 was favour'd at Now York with your letter dated the 19th of October by Mr. Clapham, whom upon your Recommenda- tion, I shall be glad to serve when a proper opportunity offers ; {and since my arrival here with your Packett dated 4th of January) : I am oblig'd to you, Sir, for the favourable Senti- ments you express in it of my Conduct in the public Services : The season was so far advanc'd before the preparations for that part of it, which was under my immediate Command in the last year's Campaigne, could be begun ; my forces so weak, and the arrival of them and a proper quantity of Pro- visio. s at Oswego so late, that nothing further could be done the last Fall than securing that place agt. the attempts of the French and erecting the necessary works and buildings . . . . . and for covering the men in the works. I hope to have it in my power to open the Campaigne in good time this year, and to act with a force more adequate to the service propos'd : What that is, you will in part see b}'^ the inclos'd copy of the Minute of a Council of War held at New York. In your Letter of the 4th of Janry. you mention two points for my consideration, vizt. " the repeopling the land lately evacuated in Nova Scotia, by the Removal of what are call'd the neutral French, with good Protestant Subjects from the continent" (I suppose you mean of North America) and ''the fortifying St. John's River in the Bay of Funda." The first seems to me very difficult to be effected in the present State of Hostilities in North America especially as to Schiegnecto, wch. is so remote from Halifax, & exposed toi Sudden attacks from Canada, the Islands of St. John's and Cape Breton : The present constitution of the Government in the Province I believe will be an obstacle at all . , . . their being settled wth. good Protestant Subjects from this Continent, especially the Ciiarter Govern- ments of New England, whose Inhabitants are fond, not only of being govern'd by general assemblies, consisting of a Go- vernor, Council and House of Representatives, but likewise of Charters. All that occurs to me at present, wch. can be done for draw-- ing settlers from this Continent to the evacuated lands ia. Nova Scotia, is a publication of the terras upon wch. they 1 :i . pi 1 < ft ■f ■> ■ - - ■ : M 422 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. may be enconragod to sottlo tlioro ; and tlio protection from an Indian and French Encrn}', tiiey may oxpoct in the District whore they are to vsit down. As to the second point, I look upon dispossessing the French of St John's River and fortifying it, to bo necessary for securing the Bay of Funda, and the PeninsuUi agt. at- tempts from Canada: You may remember. Sir, that last winter I mention'd it to you as an essential part of the plan we were then concerting for removing their Incroachmcnta look upon that service to be but half finished, if tlie French were left in possession of that river : in which you concurr'd with me, & propos'd it should be done, as soon as the reduction of the French forts on the Isthmus should bo effected : If I am " ^htly inform'd nothing hath been yet done towards it, excep making a Visit up the River as far as the lower Fort near the mouth of it, upon wch. the French abandon'd it having first destroy'd the Stores and burst the Cannon, and there still remain t'lo Set- tlemts. they had above that Fort, by moans of which they keep the Indians inhabiting it in a dependence upon them, and have a passage from that part of the River across a car- rying place into the River Patcotyeak which carries them into the head of the Bay above the Isthmus whereby a communi- cation may be maintained between St John's River and Capo Breton across the Gulf of St Lawrence. From the copy of your letter, Sir, to the late General Brad- dock dated the 6th of August, I perceive the leaving this part of the service, wch. was propos'd to bo eflectod tho last summer, undone, is to bo attributed to tho immediate neces- sity, you found yourself under, of removing tlie Neutral French from tho Peninsula: wch. must have been left undone if you had employ'd any part of the Regular or New England troops in dislodging tho French from St John's River that year : I am persuaded that nothing but an urgent necessity would have prevented an attempt's being made the last sum- mer to clear that River of the French. As to any assistance at present from this Province towards doing that service, I have the strongest reasons to apprehend, from the Engagements they are under to raise their largo Quota of Troops for an attempt against Crown Point this Spring, the number of their Countrymen still remaining in Nova Scotia and the Disgust they have taken at the enlisting of some of them into the Regiments of Regulars before the Term of their enlistments into tho New p]ngland Regiment •TO' -^w-? WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-17C1. 423 jssity sum- vards leiul, argo this sting tho ment was expir'd, there is no room to hope for it: I should bo extremely glad, if it was in my power to induce tho Assembly to give you any. As the last mention'd circumstance hath given a general uneasiness to the Government I could wish that tho Soldiers of the New. England Regiment had not been sufTer'd to inlist into those upon the establishment : and I am sorry, Sir, to find by your letter that it appears to you in so different a light from that in which it does to me : You say there, it was not in your power to discountenance the practice ; on the contrary it appears to mo to be irregular, & expressly agst. the Articles of mirr: I suppose you don't doubt, Sir, but that a soldier's inlisting out of one of the King's Regiments into another without a regular discharge from the regiment in which he and made punishable both in the officer who knowingly receives and enter- tains him, notwithstanding tiie King should have given orders to augment the Regiment, into wch. the Soldier inlisted: What the regular discharge mention'd in that article of War is, seems very clear in another: it must be given before the inlistment, and by a Field Officer of the Regiment, in which the Soldier last served, not by one of the Regiment into wch. the Soldier inlisted : Now both these parts of the King's Order are broke through in the inclos'd paper: wch. was deliver'd to me as the form of the Discharges given by Colonel Moncton : and I am inform'd that the New England officers from whoso Battailions the Soldiers inlisted, were so far from consenting to the Inlistments that they openly oppos'd it. I don't think. Sir, tho the New England Regt. should be deem'd a Provincial one that that will be the case : by the last Clause in the Act of punishing Mutiny and Desertion the Soldiers and Officers of such regiments, when join'd with his Majesty's reguhir Forces, are liable to Martial law and discipline in the same manner wth. those of the regulars. Upon looking into the inclos'd copy of Sir Thomas Robin- son's Letter to me dated 10th of Feby 1755, you will find, Sir, that I rais'd the New England Regiment by the King's ex- press Command ; that the 2000 men it consisted of, were to be exclusive of the augmentation of the several regiments to 1000 men each consequently not to be apply'd to compleat them ; and that I who rais'd those troops was forbid by hia Majesty to dispose of them to any other use than what th« Ij t: SHffE' ■fWlf -, '-rm 42t NaVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS^ late General Braddock should particularly direct : The Gone- ral ordered them^ as you know^ Sir, to be sent to you in the condition, wch. I rais'd them in vizt. Regimented, and. I don't conceive that you have power to discharge them from his Ma- jesty's .... in that Regiment, in order to compleat the Regiments of Nova Scotia : especially as the Articles of "War seem so expressly to forbid it : besides, you seem, yourself, from the copy of your Letter to General Braddock, to be of opinion that he, and consequently his successor,, had power to have recall'd tlie New England Regiment before the terms ot their Inlistments were expir'd, and employ'd in any other i)art of his Majesty's Service as doubtless wo both had. I have enter'd into so particular an examination of this matter, to shew the reasons, upon which I have foujided my opinion, that there was not the least necessity of going into the measures you have,, for completing the Nova Scotia Regi- ments, and that there is no occasion for other Instructions to forbid your persisting in them, than what his Majesty hath given in his Articles of War^ which seem to me plainly to forbid it. I was in hopes the heart burnings occasion'd in the Province by this affair were allay'd untill I reed, a few days ago an address full of discontent from the Assembly upon it, as you will see by the inclos'd extract, and upon my not immediately answering it, I found their raising new Levies for an attempt agst. Crown Poiut this Spring labour'd much in the House of Represenitativos ; to satisfy them therefore, I was oblig'd to send them tho inclos'd answer : by which you will see, Sir, I have moderated their demands for the discharge of such men, as have enlisted out of the New England Regi- ment before the expiration of the terms of their former inlistments, and confin'd it to those, who have Parents, Children, or near Rehitives in the Province of the Massachu- setts Bay. As to the others who may have inlisted, there will, I believe, no ill consequences arise from your retaining them : but the Umbrage it will give to this Province, from whence Nova Scotia hath so often drawn considerable and most timely succours and may possibly, upon future occasioiis, stand in need of thoir help again, to have the former retain'd against their Inclinations, will I am persuaded, liurt the Kings Service infinitely more, than their number towards compleating the Regiment, into wch. they have inlisted, will do good : I would therefore have them return'd to the several Companies ia tho^ WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754^-1761. 425 New England Rogt., to Avliich they respectively belong'd, if tliey choose it; and must desire you would give the proper Orders to have them notlfy'd of it. As to ray *•' entering previously into an Engagement with " the House of Representatives, that the two Battallions, to a "man should be punctually returned to New England," Colonel Winslow must be under a mistake about that matter, if he understands it so : You will see by their Address to mo, they make no such claim : All they desire is that I would make good to the Soldiers the terms of their Enlistments, one part of which is that they shall be discharged at the End of the Year for wch. they inlisted (or sooner if the Service should be over) and sent back to New England ; nor did I to the best of my remembrance enter into any Engagements whatsoever with the House of Representatives, other than what may result from tliat made with the Soldiers : wch. is among other things, that they shall be discharg'd at the expiration of their enlistments, and sent back to New England : and must, without doubt, be punctually perform'd, if they desire it, but can't be understood to preclude them from entering into any regiment after they are regularly discharg'd from the Service, into which they were inlisted. Mr. Hancock informs me, that no Yessells can be fitted at Halifax for transporting the New England Soldiers back hither, and that ho and company have a considerable Quantity of plat- forms .n across the Bay of Funda by means of a portage fr ae river F John's to the river Patcotyeak, which peu ates into thu head of the said Bay, and to make the Indians ji:liab ing the former of those rivers, who have frequently infest >.d Nova Scotia dependent upon the English. WAH IN NORTH AMKRICA, 1754-1761. 433 ler g As to Halifax, Sir, the danger to bo approhended in that yjuarter must bo from an armament fitted out against it from old Prance in wiiich case tliere is the strongest reason to depend upon the French's being disappointed in such an attempt by an armament from Great Britain. The proper Knd of the Isthmus for the French to erect their principal Fortress upon was certainly that next tjjo Bay of Funda from whence they were most expos'd to attacks from the English, & where they accordingly built one at Bean Sejouf: The vicinity likewise of this fort to their settle- ments upon St John's River with which it was material for them to keep a constant communication across the Bay of Funda, by which channel they had a quick correspondonco with Quebec, was another reason for erecting their grand for- tress where they did: as to the End next Bay vert, thro which they drew their support, both from Qoelwc down the river St Lawrence and from liouisbourg across the Gulf, their small fortified magazine whicli they built near the Bay for receiving the necessary supplies of Stores and provisions for their grand fort, and transporting them to it by land, thro a practicable road of about sixteen miles, was sufficient there. On the contrary the end of the Isthmus next Bay Vert on which side tho peninsula lies most expos'd to tho danger of Buddcn attacks and descents from Quobcc thro the river St. Lawrence, and from Louisburg across the Gulf, seems, for the like reason, to bo the proper place for the English to build their principal Fort upon, in order to maintain their possession t)f the Isthmus and the whole of Bay Vert : Besides this a proper fortification built there would enable them to cutt off the present Intercourse, wch. the French of Louisbourg havo with the Canada Indians, and to molest the navigation between Capo Breton and the river St. Lawrence which might distress the inhabitants of that island, as well as those of Canada, by leaving them no place but Franco to supply them with pro* visions and other necessaries: It would likewise prevent the French from making any considerable settlements upon St. John's Island, from whonce farther danger might arise in time to the peninsula, and from carrying on any fishery tliere : and most ell'ectually preclude them from having any settlement.s Upon the coast of Bay Vert. The fort at the other end of the Isthmus next *'"'0 Bay of Funda, now Fort Cumberland, would serve for a place of retreat in case of any sudden emergency, and for a maga- zine of ammunition, Stores, and provisions for the principal m 434 NOYA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS, Fort, all wch. would be constantly supplied thr6 tlio bay of Funda. TIio Fort next Bay Vert should be very strong, and capable of holding a largo number of men, wch. in cnse of any extra- ordinary attack, it might be supported with from the Now England Colonies thro the Bay of Punda : 500 men might be sufficient for the present Garrison, and of 100 for that Jicxt the Bay of Funda: The Fort should bo situated so as to protect the TJarbour of Bay Vert, if that can bo done. I know not, Sir, what particular directions you may have received for fortifying the Peninsula, or for the expenditure of the i510,000 transmitted to you for that branch of the service : But if the scheme 1 have mention'd for securing the Isthmus should not be inconsistent wh. those directions, and be thought a proper one, it would be a pity that any considerable sums should bo lay'd out in additional works either to Fort Cumberland, the Fort at Gasporeau near Bay- Vert, or Fort Lawrence, the two latter of wch. might, upon the erecting of the propos'd large Fort at Bay Vert, be dropp'd. Before I quit this side of the Peninsula I would propose for y(»ur consideration, whether taking possession of the Har- bour at Tatamagoucho, and erecting a small Fort there to be garrison'd with 150 men may not bo necessary, and some light work proper to be erected at Coboquid, capable of hold- ing about 30 men. As to the other principal object of attention, which I have before mention'd, vizt., the taking possession of, and fortifying St. John's River, I think dislodging the French from their Settlemts. upon it, and taking possession of their upper Fort, wch. from tiio accounts given by some of the Eastern Indians, and New England Traders to those parts, it seems probable they have built about 90 miles up the river, and six below tiie old Indian Town, an essential Service : and as the Business the French have n-ture, may still put it into their power to make an early atte. jt for removmg the French from their Settlements on St. John's River. That force as I compute it from your returns will consist of 1703 rank and rile regulars, 651 New England Irregulars and^ your Company of one hundred rangers, in tho whole 2,454 ;. If one thousand of those will be sufficient for the proposr^dl attempt in conjunction with such vessels as shall be employed in it: and 500 a sufficient guard for the Isthmus during thO' time of making it, find the 114 which is the present garrisoai of Annapolis, is a sufficient force for the defence of that: as I should think they would be for the short absence of tho- t^'i' I 438 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. forces sent to St. John's river, there would then remain 500 for Halifax, wliich I should think would, with the protection of the ships under Captain Spry's Command, be a sufficient defence against any attempts from Canada, whilst that pro- posed against St. John's River was making : and 340 to be distributed at Fort Edward, Lunenburg, Sackvillo & Lawrence Town during the same time. I think from the very late confirmation I have had of the several accounts, I have constantly received these last three years, of the state of St. John's River, it may be depended upon that it is navigable upon the top of the tide over the first falls by Vessels of 150 Ton and as high as the ifrench Settlements and their own Fort which are thirty leagues up the river from the Falls by boats or Vessels of 80 or 90 Tun ; that the shoal water begins there, at about two leagues below the old Indian Town call'd Naducteek, which is situated at or near the Portage between the rivers St. John's and Patcot- yeak ; that as the river is in many places very wide and abounds with islands and creeks, it is necessary for persons not well acquainted with the Navigation to have a pilot : and that the Fort Avhich it is said the French have must be attacked with Cannon. As vessels ^vould be discovered in coming up the river at such a distance as to give the firench settlers timely notice to abandon or destroy their houses and retire into the Woods with their cattle and effects : Whaleboats which might come upon them by surprize would be more" proper to transport the troops employed in the 'ittempt, and vessels might follow with Artillery, Ordnance stores, provisions uld not lis war. hat the inferior gement. return Ian hun- re very tide in his Le ftppoint- llitary ser- jvcd of his Lnada, as a ist was re- Ithey were, Tiis succes- -ilay, 1776, Ition to the lencral and I the means |at bis seat, [■Chalmer'* Lol.7,W4. Aa to an Embargo, I resolved to keep clear of any unless the Service absolutely required it, and from the beat informa- tion I could get it would have had a different effect than what is wished for when an Embargo is laid, besides disobliging the Country in general, whom I would keep in a good humour if I could. I hope your new purchase of the armed brig, will effectually replace to you the loss of the Ulysses, as 'tis within the Estimation I can't but like her the better, for money is scarce; but she shall be paid for whenever you please to send me the account. My dispatches to Louiaburg being so retarded puts a stop to promotions entirely, I don't care to provide for any Major till I have an account from Ijouisburg whether or not M. Murray will purchase, I can get no answer from him, and so can do nothing in Forbes's Regiment, and Major Darl)y thinks it hard and Colonol Morris is waiting (sontrary to his inclitiationa. I have received a letter from 13r. Wolfe of the 6th of March on board the Neptune the time that Admiral Saunders dis- patched the Lizard to this place, he is sea sick as usual but hopes to be early at Louisburg. 1 am glad Lt. Stuart of Anstruther's has got a company as I think him a very good man, Colonel Howe has sent me his recommendations by a letter to Col. Townshond and I have granted the Commission accordingly. Ens: Warburton suc- ceeds Stuart. Volunteer "Webber succeeds Warburton, and Lt. Grant is Quartermaster, 1 send the Coramissious to Col. Howe by Capt. Leland. I have likewise filled up the Capt. Lieutcy. in the R. Ameri- cans by Donald Campbell succeeding Capt. Maclean, Lauch- land Forbes succeeds Donald Campbell, P. Duperson, is Ensign in the room of Forbes, and Lt. William Baillie (by recommendation of Col. Young) is Quartermaster in the room of Donald Campbell. I am sorry to see so bad an affair in any corps as that you have laid before me of Lt. Thomas Campbell, it would be hard that Robertson from his good intentions should suffer, I have desired Br. Monckton and him to try how they can make it out, and I hope to finish that affair yet before Br. Monckton goes, though he setts out tomorrow morning. As you tell me your Warrant from the King for assembling General Courts Martial is expired, I enclose a Warrant to you ' as Commanding the Forces in Nova Scotia and blank Deputa- tions for a Judge Advocate. 44B NOtA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Br. Monckton will acquaint you of my ordora to him to proceed from Halifax to Louisburg with the troops that are to embark at Halifax, ar.d that I have directed that GOOO Tuns of Transport Vessels shall directly sail from hence for Halifax so soon as they arrive here and can be ready to go. ]}'•. Monckton will acquaint you of all the news stirring hero, so that I will take up no more of your time at present than to assure you that I over am with the greatest truth and esteem Dear Sir Your most humble and most obedient Servant, JEFF. AMHERST. Br. General Lawrence. Ucud. by Brigr. Monckton, 22n(L General Amherst to Governor Lavor6nc6. Albany, May 29th, 1759. Deau Sir,— Since my arrival here I have been favoured with thrco letters from you of the I5th, 23th & 27th of Aprill, which came to hand on the same day by an express from Boston. I am obliged to you for your care in sending my dispatches to Br. Genl : Whitmore which from a letter I have now received from him I find arrived in due time so that 1 hope every thing will be ready for Mr. Wolfe there, and I have tlio pleasure of hearing from Br. General Wliitmoro tliat his Garri* son is in good health. I have not as yet heard anything ot the Officer and men of the Artillery that you have relieved from St. John's River but I sent immediately a march route for them to joyn this Army, which I imagiii > will be at Boston long before thoy arrive there so that the Ofticer will be at no difficulties how he is to proceed. I have acquainted you with the number of rations to be allowed, the distress I am in for want of money has forced mo to march all the regiments leaving tiie ration and baggage money unpaid, three days since Mr. Mortier is come up from New York with the very small remains of what vas sent over from England as my first care has been to supply Mr. Wolfo who writes me word he has not a Dollar, and this moment l have not a shilling, but that shall not by any means hinder hie Mjyesty's Service iia far as I can carry it on. "^^,^ wm\ WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-17G1. 449 Tfhe Now Yorkers have been in groat alarms For Mr. Bomparrt Squadron at present all quiet and lie is gone back to Mai^ tinique, I can't say I imagine ho will visit this Coast, ho may make great confusion if ho does, but if we take no more or less notice of it than we should do I tlunk it would not stop the operations of tho Campaign and he in all probability would lose his fleet in tho attempt. Captain Gorham nmst certainly have been too late for the business I had projected for him, I wished to have it exe- ■cuted as I have a pleasure in interesting myself for every thing that tends to the good of your Government, I therefore rejoycc at the appearances you have of the rebels being rooted out and I shall have a great satisfaction in hearing wme industrious farmers are established there in their places. Major Morris sent me the particulars of the scouting i)arty and 1 gave a commission of Captain to Lieiit. fiazzon as I thought he deserved it, I am sorry to say what I have since heard of that affair has sullied his merit with me as I shall always disapprove of killing women and helpless children, poor McCurdy is a loss he was a good man in his post. 1 see by your letter of tho 23rd that you have granted a warrant for tho forage money l /a e3 0%, ^'> '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation ^ ip ^ :\ \ ^ %^ '"^^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 S ^ z?. 460 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. lOtli August P. S. 1759 To Morrow I begin writing to you again. Mr Roberts is well, he's with his liegi- ment under Br. Murray. Mukins of Am- herst's hii), either on that Subject or any other, since I made him that request. Idoiibt not but he Avill fulfil his promise to you, as it will remove all dilliculties, with regard either to freight or irsnrancc; and 1 have accordi!ij^]y caused the same to be notified to the Contractors Agents here. In relation to the Cloathing left at Halifax last Fall for tho Regiments at Quebec, I imagined it might have been for- warded by some of tho Ships, or Frigates under his Lordships Command; but he certainly must be tho best judge, and since he says he can give you no other assistance therein, than by taking under his convoy any vessels it may be shipped on board of, I must own, I think that in default of armed vessels, 3^ou could not have a more secure conveyance, nor should I have scrupled, rather than deprive these Regiments of their cloathing any longer than needs must, to have hired the necessary vessels, and to have accepted of his Lordship's Convoy, as the Insurance in such case, if any insurance Avas necessary, Avould be so much less, and whatever you did for yourself, the other Colonels could not but approv of for them. This measure seems tho more necessary, as the armed vessell which I had wrote for from Boston, and which you mention, had been discharged the servic-o by Capt: Pryce, without mj 472 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Knowledge ; aiul that there is no man of War in this Port^ nor, that I know of, likely to be soon, unless Lord Colvill should be able to send mo one, agreeable to my request of the 4th ultimo ,• If his Lordship does not, the only chance that remains, is a Man of War coming from England, that I may order for that service. Nothing can exceed the pleasure I feel at the favotirable prospect 3'ou have before you of the success of your unwea- ried Zeal for the prosperity of the Province over which you preside ; and 1 sincerely pray and hope you will not fall short of your Expectations, as such a transmigration, conducted with that experience and knowledge, of which you have given so many proofs during the course of your administvation, cannot certainly fail to prove of the highest national impor- tance and public utility. You do me justice, Sir, in your Sentiments of my friendship towards the Province of Nova Scotia, which no one desires more than myself to see flourish and encrease, and I could wish to have it in my power to contribute towards it, in grant- ing your request ; not that I think, it can have any thing to fear from the handful of Neutrals and Indians, that still remain scattered, but that one good regiment, I am confident, would clear and settle more land, in the same space of time, tlian all the settlers you expect ; and therefore I could wish them wit'n you, to be aiding and assisting in the Executive part of this great design ; but where to get them is the question. I have already weakened myself in these parts of the best of two regiments, which I have sent to Carolina, to punish the por- fidiousness of the Cherokee Indians ; and so far from ofifering to diminish the Garrison of Louisbourg, Governor Whitmore has applied to me for a reinforcement ; tlio in my opinion, I think him, under the present circumstances, sufficiently strong. I cannot determine any thing in relation to the quantities of Provisions, which Mr. Chauncey Townsend, notwithstanding your remonstrances to the Contrary, continues forwarding to Halifax, for Victualling the 40th Regiment ; but I will transmit that paragraph of your Letter relative thereto, to the Lords of the Treasury, and desire their Lordships to send the"r direc- tions thereupon. I must not omit my most grateful acknowledgements for your very kind and civil invitation of me to your house in case I should go up the River St. Lawrence ; if I do, and I am obliged to call in at Halifax, I shall, notwithstanding the inconvenience it must put you to, accept of your polite and friendly offer. !F^ WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-1761. 4*73 1 shall very readily permit Ensign Soars to purchase when an opportunity offers, and no senior officer should be so dis- posed ; and I shall bo very glad of an occasion to oblige you and Lord Cornwallis, in providing for Lieut. Hore ; Your Friend Sutherland, by the promotion of Captain Walters to the Majority of the 1st Battn. Royal Americans, in the room of Major Tulleken exchanged to the 45th, is now the next Oars in that Corps, and I think him so deserving, that I am hopeful to have it in my power to do something for him. Before I conclude, I must also acknowledge your letter of the 6th February, delivered to me by Mr. William Miller, Master of the Sloop Hannah and Martha, who I have directed to remain here for some days, that I may confront him with Lt. Colonel Fletcher, who is au fait of the occasion that gives rise to his claim, Avhich I have some no I" ion, is altogether not very favorable for Mr. Miller; but his case shall bo enquired into witli the strictest justice, and he shall have reparation done him, if due. I enclose you a list of Commissions I have granted, which you probably will not have heard of. I am, with the greatest regard, Sir, Your most obedient humble servant. JEFFR : AMHERST. P. S. — Since writing the above, I have received a letter from Lord Colvill, Informing me that he could not send me any man of War, and of the rea- sons that prevented him, with which I am very well satisfied. J. A. His Excellency Govr. Lawrence. Indorsed — Rcc'd. 2d May. General Amherd to Governor Lawrence. .,, New York, 17th April, 1760. Sir, — The bearer hereof, Mr. Nutt, arrived hero last night from New London, with a letter to me from Govr. Pownall, setting forth, your having wrote to him, that as you supposed some part of the New England levies would be sent to Nova Scotia, if they should, and I would agree in the measure, that those persons 474 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. engaged as settlers might act as tlioso troops, You desired him to give Mr. Nutt Beating orders for that purpose : "Where- upon Govr. Pownall desires my sentiments. Before I proceed to give you them, I am to observe, that upon receipt of the note of the Court, for the relieving of the Massachusetts Forces in Nova Scotia & Cape Breton, I immediately wrote to the Governor, that that must not be, and gave him my reasons for the same, which you will find in the enclosed extract of my letter of the 6th inst. From them, and the extract of my letter of this day, to Govr. Pownall in answer to your proposal, you will not only see, why I cannot acquiesce therewith; but that I persist in my demand of the Massachusetts Forces continuing where they are, and you will be so good as to compel them thereto, if they should be weak enougTi to offer the Contrary; With these Forces and the two Companies of Rangers on your Establishment, you certainly will have strength sufhcicnt to protect and defend the Settlers, which Mr. Nutt himself seems well convinced of Enclosed you have the Duplicate of my letter of the 5th Instant, I am, with great regard, Sir, Your most Obedient Humble Servant, JEFF AMHERST. His Excellency Govr. Lawrence. Endorsed — Reed, to Govr. Pownall. 1st June. Enclosing Extracts of Genl. Amhersts Letters Extract from a letter of Genl. Amherst to Governor Foivnall, dated New York, 6th April, 1760. There is nothing in my power, that I would not do to oblige the people of the Massachusetts Bay, but at the same time I cannot help saying, that the note of the Court Enclosed in yours, distresses me greatly; as I know not how readily to comply with it; first, I have always understood that those of your people, who, during the last Campaign served to the East- ward, had, in consideration of the Bounty granted them by the Assembly, all re-enlisted again. Next I know not what num- WAR IN NORTH AMERICA, 1754-17G1. 475 ber of these troops will decline re-enlisting, which I ought to know, because they must be replaced out of tlieso new Levies ; and last of all, before this necessary information can be ob- tnined, & the men sent to relieve those, that decline continu- ing in Nova Scotia & Louisbourg, can got to those resi)cctivo places, half the Campaign will be elapsed, and a numl>er of these men's Services be no Avay^ of the use tlioy are in- tended for ; 1 should therefore be glad, tliey were all pre- vailed on to stay where they arc ; I must conclude, they will do so ; this is certainly the last Campaign in this Country, and most likely will bo but a short one, and by their con- tinuing to the end, they will acquire an additional Honour & good repute. (Extract.) General Amherst to Governor Pownall. New York, 17th April, 17G0. Sir,— Last night arrived ]\[r. Nutt, with your two letters of the 12th, and at the same time I likewise received by Express, one of the preceding day from Lt. Covr. Hutchinson accom- panying Extracts of Letters from Lt. Colo. Arbuthnot to you, and a copy of the Lt. Govrs. answers thereto, which is a very proper one, and will, I am hopeful be productive of bringing the Provincial Troops in Nova Scotia to reason and to a better sense of their duty ; for as I observed to you in mine of the Gth Instant, which I again repeat here, nothing would distress me more, than to be obliged to relieve them at present ; in the first place, I could not answer to myself to spare one man from those destined for the operations in these parts, which, as they are to be vigorous and decisive, would rather require an augmentation of Force than a diminution ; in the next place half the Campaign would be over, before they could be relieved; and last of all, ps the Campaign will, most likely bo short, those of your troops who do continue to the end of it, will acquire additional honour and repute. And as I know full well, how much tho}^ have this honour and their Country at heart ; 1 conclude, that at your representation, added to that already gone from the Lt. Govr. they will one and all chearfuUy remain where they are, and continue to do their duty as before. From what precedes, it is unnecessary for me to add that I v I 476 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. cannot acquiesce to Govr. Lawrence's proposal ; he applied to me some time ago for a Regiment, but I then, not only told him, I had it not in my power to grant his request, but that I really thought ho had no occasion for it, as a force (tho I think they would be of great use to him as settlers,) and in- deed I think the troops of your province in Nova Scotia, added to two Companies of Rangers on that Establish- ment, sufficient to protect and defend all the settlers within the same. Mr. Nutt therefore returns to you with this Answer in his way to ITaliftix, and he likewise takes a letter from mo to Govr. Lawrence, acquainting him, Avith my dissenting from his proposal, & signifying to him my request to you, in reh- tion to the Massachusetts Forces continuing in Nova Scotia. His Excellency Govr. Pownall. JEFF: AMHERST. General Amherst to Governor Laiorence. New York, 30th April, 1760, Sir,— I have received, from Mr. Secretary Pitt, the King's Orders, to demolish and raze the Fortifications of the Town and Harbor of Louisbourg; which, when cc:n pleated, I shall only leave such a force, on the Island of Cape Breton, as may be sufficient, to assert and maintain the possession of tho said Island, which his Majesty does not mean to abandon. On this I have wrote to Governor Whitmore, and desired him, to give me his opinion of what numbers ho would cimse to keep on the Island, that I may order all those, who are not wanted for maintaining the possession of the Island of Cape Breton, to Halifax, where you have room for them ; and I shall leave them, to protect and assist you in the Settlement of Nova Scotia, unless my numbers here, should be so small, that I should really want men, for pursuing the operations of the Campaign. By this, the troops of the Massachusetts Govern- ment, may be relieved and return to their homes, for which the whole Province seems to bo very anxious. I have acquainted Governor Whitmore, that all the artillery, ammunition, carriages, utencils, plank, and all ordnance stores whatever ; as well as Provision ; and also all Bedding, medi- cines and Hospital stores, are to be taken due care of, and transported to Halifax. It is the King's intention, that none s War in north America, 1754-17G1. ill of tlio Houses of Louisburg slio.ild bo deatroyod, unless, necessarily, to compleot the rn»:i of the works: and I have desired Governor Whitmore, that in abolishing the works, nothing may be destroyed, that may be thouglit useful at Halifax, but bo saved and conv 1^\ 486 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. On the 25th & 26th Ulto. arrived hero his Majesty's Ships Fame, Achilles, ,1^ 502 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. oath or oaths as are usually given for the due execution and performance of oflScos and places and for the clearing of truth in Judicial Causes. And We do hereby give and Grant unto you full power & Authority where you shall see cause or shall Judge any oflfender or oflFenders in Criminal matters or for any fines or forfeitures due unto us, fit objects of our mercy to pardon all such offenders and to remitt all such Offences Fines & Forfei- tures, Treason & willfuU murder only excepted ; in which cases you shall likewise have power upon extraordinary occa- sions to Grant Reprieves to the offenders untill & to the intent our Royal Pleasure may be known therein. We do by these presents Authorise and empower you to collate any Person or Persons to any Churches, Chapels or other Ecclesiastical Benefices within our said Province as often as any of them shall happen to be void. Ana We do hereby give & grant unto you the said Edward Cornwallis by yourself or by your Captains 1 i ■1 1 } ! '' f 'S' 504 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Provyded nevertheless that all disorders & misdemeanors, committed on shore by any Captain, Commander, Lieutenant, master, officer, seaman, soldier or other person whatsoever belonging to any of our ships of War or other Yessels acting by Immediate Commission or Warrant from our said Com- missioners for executing the office of High Admiral or from our High Admiral of Great Britain for the time being under the Seal of Our Admiralty, maybe tried & punished according to the Laws of the Place where any such disorders, offences and misdemeanors shall be committed on shore, notwithstand- ing such offender be in our actual service, & borne in our pay, on board any such our ships of war or other vessels acting by immediate Commission or warrant from our said Commissioners for executing the office of High Admiral or our High Admiral of Great Britain for the time being as aforesaid so as he shall not receive anj'' protection for the avoiding of Justice for such offences committed on shore from any pretence of his being employed in our service at Sea. And our further will and pleasure is that all publick money raised or which shall be raised by any Act hereafter to be made within our said province be issued out by Warrant from you by & with the advice and consent of the Council & dis- posed of by you for the support of the Governmeni and not otherwise. And we do likewise give & grant unto you full power and authority by & with the advice and consent of our said Council to settle and agree with the Inhabitants of our Pro- vince for such Lands, Tenements, & hereditaments as now are or hereafter shall be in our po'ver to dispose of and them to grant to any Person or Persons upon such terms and under such moderate Quit Rents services and acknowledgements to be thereupon reserved unto us as you by & with the advice aforesaid shall think fit. Which said grants are to pass & be sealed by our seal of Nova Scotia and being entered upon Record by such officer or officers as shall be appointed there- unto, shall bo good & effectual in Law against us our heirs & successors. And We do hereby give you the said Edward Cornwallis full power to order and appoint Fairs, Marts & Markets as also such & so many Ports, Harbours, Bays, Havens and other places for convenience & security of shipping & for the bet- ter Loading & unloading of Goods & merchandizes as by you with the advice & consent of the said Council sliall be thought fit & necessary. IV- ^"^ iK ^ HALIFAX. 505 And We do hereby require & Command all officers & minis- ters Civil & Military and all other Inhabitants of our said Pro- vince, to be obedient, aiding and assisting unto you the said Edward Cornwallis in the Execution of this our Commission and of the powers & authorities herein contained, and in case of your death or abscence out of Our said province to be obedient, aiding ^ >^'J- ■^ c P. n ■p-H CO • p-H .o t-l d H o O O r-f i a ^ei .n .P-l «4-4 e8 i» _ ^ -F-l •!-! a^-5?33 ■4^ w ■ FN o a 43 O O m O OS pq wr^w HALIFAX. 507 O o If" o 1-i © s g o - o W Wfi M ?^ C^ lOCO CM tHi— lTH(M(Mi-HrHU5C0 ?Oi-l O 0) c f-< J^ Q c3 c3 p r^ M ■.2-d gSog«gg§HgWf£ll^ a O !=^ H Cj •l-H O O a 00 cQ f ■;j « 1 'i ^' '''>- i ■ , 1 i ' .^{, * i 1 ■ . 'i ^ ■ :■ ^1 ■ ■ i - u ■1 ,f 1 .^?^RI J . ^ -t».' .jlM^^M 508 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. 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OQ 8 cd ••^ ■tia '^ »— 1 n3 » ^ O Oh o 02 S o f\ CO ?Dt-(MCO^OCCOr-ICOTjH • l-H CLh OJ S) n ?! J <^ c © T3 03 ■^ © a t» rG 5 o o : T3 G c3 G o 03 G T3 G 03 03 to G CQ W o '&!& BrOTA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. fi o o ••^K > ft a> CO CO n C eS 't^i S^ o N -M ^ fl 03 0) S-a 1^ PhO o o 0) 05 ® is O t^ P Sot 6 <=• > QQ O O 03 CQ S3 o s o i ^w 4X! o (0 >A ^ U ^ 00 tt Hj >• ft i-q •moi 1-H CO tH CO rj^^ C»^ 1:2 5S^ S5e3 CO a a s • « CO g CO ^ O o ^ (D .-n F, ' <=> a -I V. Oh S^ S <5^ •ST O 9 fl OQ 'FH FiJ "^ fh CS -♦J C3 a o 03 t, ?< 5. §.2 o *- O ai 0) a « S rt 0) rjQ "-^ e5 f y • FN 13 n3 e ee o ce ® TI- o cS ^ .2 g a s ^ .-< i^ e^ O cS „ a o -^ ^ cS . ® fP 1^ o & > ^ >-, « i-H "**< . »- 2 o d . ® -S OH d S .S hc-^ -^ 13 -^ a, Jo's •- descs^csdSd g> 3j cSaddddcSSaL^'^'i^ h »< >-. CO t^ x u .© c2^ d c3 © d o -i a © d ^ C3 -1-3 d c a d e3 © s ^ d c3 O a d'^ -73 d c3 ♦3 © d d © fe'S^ a T3 ;» «8 ee d <-i no O Jt5 © tcrd c3 _,d © -•J o J2; o o e3 ©-- 55-2 © .© d eS OQ t4 C3 oJ .2 G"a s a-^:© © a d 2 •TJ • <-^ Wl J3 13 c© 0) pd . f:.: :■ ii Hi 'J 111 518 KOVi SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. & nw»oi I ■saittmaf ■eainjt ■saiBinsf a DQ a a o • B 00 >^ (D 1=1 O B CO I' o o C S^ 1> O pLH h:^ <1 pq Ph •F-t G^Ui^H d sS .. a M sS 50 n3 , GO •r" CO ft 't-i a a o o ^ 73 a c3 . o c '"'C i ""i CO CO tJ C ^ ©IS a o P d . 9 ^ o ^tS do C ^ O jg C i^ O i.?' * -d bo O bo . bCl Im CO ^1 . o o o a n3 d d O O) CO rj d a CO O a-ts t-aP4 ^3 c2 d e3 n3 -73 O d 03 •+-> ,fl^ ;_i (Si d a M D (^ £ -^ n d .5 <» T3 o s- d^-5 HALIFAX, 519 o s. o QU ^ a> o ;-< 0) ^M > a .?° o ^ S O} O (3 1. :« o o t>o « o CS O k O t» O »- o-a <" OB I THMrt)eOi-l(nCNOC1 o , CD d tt> a o "^ d d '" d * f- d ^ S2 c3 13 o d oM;=i d'^ • ^1 a o 13 05 S ff! 'D CO 0) o) td Jai 2 H ;^ a ^ m C ^ J Tt 0) £hPU •13 d d 3 0) •^ o ^ d o - ._2 n3 d o ce ^ -d -s a .2 d rt ° s d ^ ^3 13 d d « a d 2if'S ca •— "^ .(^^ T3 ^ s "2 — a 03 rd K»^ c !> dr§ a a .ly ^ 03 O W^ o S eii c a c^ fc, .2 frt t< >-i M eS C c9 rt ee Ct ooJ^OoiOoHo^^W^mSJi^SW c2 S 1*^ « 'O >3 03 rx> ±2 -e O S 00 OS ^ ■S2c-.£®ct-c tTJ ©154< >^t? S^ W pq o w tC j^ M « i^ a a .TJ . ^T3 s ^ •j^'s^'t; ,js 2 a ^ --- a © © e3«p«J3 ©'"^f^ O -d a e* © S ® a o o 03 •-a a ■geq ® a (§1 es O O T3 ar^TS^-aCQ O w a M O "3; I -^ 53 is .2X5 a © s a- ce ^ o o I* "^ ^ 2 a a a .. . - s-i-i-^ •TSTS © pa^ rj ^S-d ^■«4 ^ 2 ■n M § CO •4J «J ■4^ O ( © • s -4J HALIFAX. 521 i i I o i S 09 s ^ C^iHi--(THr-H e a a> ^, © 03 St} d FQ © i> .o .© -d d o d © d T3 d 08 • fM d 03 d 08 ' ! J_^ 522 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. a a •M >^ • ^' t^ ce a ^^^. HALIFAX. 523 fv Id (33 W h5 Pm CO hJ Ph O fi. P ^ o s o 02 m S o m ^ (^* O) o h . o fa C14 •- 1 .J^- "* lymo aptai «> S -J;^ ^ CL, q »H Ph P^ pq ;^ hS CZi C« PhO (D -•1 ^ • . 4) - -M u 1 fl ;h r-li— IrHrHi-Ht-Hi— lrH(M(MT— l-^r-lMTH(MrHT-(rHT-Hi-H»— li— ( o ^"^ C -=:. ,_3 .9 fli G O . o .0 ^ C3 -t-3 O o r3 ^(^fS^Sw^Pl d a d so cc . 0) > > n n a j; c) « 1-5 [d o ^£IPP 0) ;:2 H ^ CO ^ a Ond CO cc ■- :i f- fl^ r-H rs -^ C3 J ! 524 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. DQ •moju s -BSinmaji •i»l«K 1 ■83I«ni3J •88IBK i Jo O S -4-3 .a ^^ m o t-i M O , >H V* Pi V O O CQ *; p fl d ca c8 C8 iS CS t^ M ^ ^ -S *j .2 « ^^ «S ^ w m O i ~ . ■ a^ t^ ^^ ^ * ' — ' **< «i rj ^ a CUr-i Hi Pm (M rH :; • -1 ,0 d^ ©«2 bo . u m O O © J3 OH © d a o • • • * • « • « u Pi p © © ( a d r •c (h 'I ^ ce e ^ ;^ > a o CD A li d -^ ^^ S-d g d d *5*^S •^^^ © ce P p;phO HALtfAX, 625 (i ■i . o ' ^ a St* " 1 o o .^ CO sa 0) fen 9 be «e 2 'a ;-. 9 «5 QCPQ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • « • • • • • • • u u b> » 01 a) 3 fl »fM IM >-« M cS 03 ff! ^:^ :s a PTH o •a)^ CO c3 » &4 p "le S3 tfO ,Hr-(fHfHi-HG<|(>lT-lrH(Nt-<(ntHC^rH,»HT- JA N U eS 2 ^Pm • tJ p -M • p^ (I ^ > o ed «p.«^Sfe-C^-^H(3C 13 15 c =* Ml i .0) •f-H a C3 CO C ^ S-c c oa c a (^ (-> > (h ^ © OJ coO ^ c c "7^ f^^ «4^ 13 C 03 ^ c:e >- C 0) c a S ^^ M Eh CA. - c d*^ cs-^ o =0 " o ee d r 0,1- • pd HALIFAX. 527 Kent. Oxford rH 1-^ • • • • 4) a C e c fx N s* • . -c _0D mberland. orpion Slo rmouth. nee. land. ea. ompa d. ing P tion. ess. 0) § sista nder own. igles o .^ p o J^ fr- tn rf >H H u a .S." « j3 W« Q CC >H k3 ^ CC O <1 pH H^q 1-3 pq (X! < Sh M J m a> - S B ) .M • .rf im W4 }P-> • • ^ •••••••• *• ..■«••••■••••• >-.c8 ^ 2"S o ii ; '-^ © OJ Cuts ® iB J^^ © SB CO a li^ ■fi . _i«ii!. 528 KOVA SCOWA DOCUMENTS. e o "C > o •mot ■«9I«m3i 1-H i-< tH C^ r-" rH •■atfllf 'sapnttsf •B9|«K a a^ © 03 a> a a »4 »x 5;.9S o.fl. ft^ ((W ;^ ^ v*w ^w ■ r^ c ce 8)§l ^ D) s I 1 g (A PL4 C t> 0) OS .2 C C9 ' 03 S B «* 09 .03 • • -^S C3 Ji c3 ^ 03 o J3 09 rM o o o * ■ c2"i ^•^ _\ c 'O 5 is >^ t, s OR': •♦^ T^ S» o >^S a a m -S-o 2 o o -fl »^H,H Halifax. m a> > o P ^45 k -»j ■*» Cfl PJ ^ bS o o 'TS sj B a a) .S c3 ce ^ ^ ^H P^W X •>. JJ .1 •T3 O iJ S J SO :8 ^ feCs "So "5) V to 0) std §«' 0) ID o i bo It; »-ICOT! o h'^ fl a a a • • • s , J« »H C3 t, p © g • • • a • • a S • « a I • CO o > o c 1^ ago «3 03 j3 o .)■ .<» .0) ■-3 C n3 . p . 111 ?^ ^ '^ m cam -M 03 tn >^«2 O OS P 2U5 PL, pel H pR ►^ W ^ H a;^ =P o ^^ tiig" . .*-**J 530 NOVA SCOTIA ©0CUMEJ1T3. ^ 'S 9 M o o a) CO O O CO c a rt 09 s P>H # -J3 g CO > ^ CO feco ex's •WOX »jO(M c2 C e8 CO a 2 fl -S o Ph o o ^ ' o • 1-4 a CS CO o Oi^-'Q «r^ C o CO o o S3 o ®t3-« O as C f§J: <0 (S> H So i ^:2Sl a ce s o s HALIFAX. 531 )''o ■4 lM © fl 'cd bC 3 • 5:=: ^ o eS>T3 ^> If f> * u. -=3 C *^ ?r <* © '^W ,.f .V © ~ oD : rs -^ _j . • bt OStw'-'t-ir^CO O « J3 '^ ^ "^ 2J j3 O O 5* -{f s a.2 X . — • „ o o a o a c'^ a .— 5 <-" 532 SOVA SCOTIA DOCUMBKTS, •prjox 'nitnnaj ■OTBIt •BOlBUI^j; •BDintt I 6 O m 03 CS o Kim O ^"^ a • fc ® b 5) 'TS opq r:! :Tt I^ >^ 's! r^ rC: rr! c • c3 • s t>* Ti o 0^ r-4 ,£5 13 ro 3 l-l C8 '«tiH .T3 • a teo o a S3 g o ui o - J^ ft Q • u 0/ « cS ^ ^ « n3 a Orfl O^ Sato- O -w V3 «2 a -22 is e .2 ^ J c eS S w <» ,^ ""-< ' ^ C £3 o o HALIFAX. 633 I O a O o a B ! S5 efl 2 « fl 5C c8 CG PQ tt cc o bo o o o >, Cli— lrH(M»— lTHTt<-< c O o '^ ."S (*• t?- -, -^ =8 « o O "^ ™ "^^ ^ 01 (1 be CO (U U o ^ c s o '^ rf ^>1 lifF-*" 534 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. o t3 •< H pq •mt>i ■8ainni3j[ •Bapin •gaimnaj ■BaiTiK I 00 l4 0) 'Si ^ C «s \s\ cS fl .2 « Of*H • e -4-^ 6 ^ S >» o .iS.2 ;3 o 05 oo O t- . rince G igolsbj' enl. S. < ord Tor awlett's o S l53 ^ao^^ W U5. Ih C3 3 • • • ' Jh • ® (U O (D S S > > t> > "^ s K^pL,c»MWS^!i:pL,pqpLHSMP^PHp4fXH:»^. »H (D G o ^ a t3 i-sW 5 c3 u cS 'C A* a c3 _fl '^ a .2 ^^cS t3 q -^ §^a S T3 ^ CO CS 'T3 d CS o >^ ~ •— CO IS ^[^ c • fh k; -iJ ■ 'T -^ r^ *^ K DC W<1 S <= ce ce I O m j o ce j3 a-- ■Si Q f oh5h HALIFAX. 535 Is O a m • 3 • cJ n 2 c» C cS P .^ i *^ '-' r^ O ^ g »: o -5.2 a^. Id &4 o 34 « o «i ^ 2 ^ ^J o s o o o p w _o P WC5 00 CO i-H ■<* rl r-l C<1 0) s a n-i ; a : Garden* Smith . . Smith . . Glover. Private. xrpent idship .2 O J3 Husban Ser^ean Mariner o sS > irpent irpent ^ > 03 ■73 O _P Xl 03 7i p • PH tH J3 armor usban lasier O ;^ ;^ ;^ I^Ph OoJ^ 1^^ Ph 1^ ^W ;^swo •^c2 ^ ?: P p O CO -^ a o eS -73 P c3 > t2 >g^ 2 fl p P -P,I3 o o 1-5 H, O fcJD O S3 PO :3 O to P.5 S 2 t2 • ;^ CO ^ >.^ J? *- tn Ci «e ©cc ^ • t" 03 o o ; Cl4 -CO 8 e3 w • H oT o (4-1 o • 1-4 o ee a u 'S u. 0) c3 S m P4 Cq ^ ■ft • jS' OB o bo B| .SP 9 Jt5 5 0) ft •rnoi ir-r-lTH(Mi-(r-lrHTf*rtt o d • i-H • pH f :*^ P C 0) d :s o ^ o d o CO ©-■^ d d "S ^1 d o d d d a^ ^" "d o-d a> e8 isS c © -d -je o o 1— l»OrHi— tT-trHC^THrH • tJH J2 C8 O -d o ^» . tJO . . . 03 »- _M M CO O 0-3 o o jg o c8J=-d HOPhHEh HALIFAX. 637 >f5 © CO o s o H < O O I— I n o *3 •C g -2 a d o d 03 S ^6 03 bo o C3 CO (Mi-(: -^ bo ce d 0) . d d ce ^,^;S:S.ao 638 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. ■Baintnaj ■83l«H "3 ■83[«in3£ •saiBW TH(;D!N o 02 S o o (2:ii d c t-5 Hj pq Hj Eh (^ o c Co r— 1 o -*^ ® e a o fl . 0) .S ^ fH O • CO s pq i^ e o3 • ^ 03 a -^.2 o o I 'Is O s • CS a ' »» Oi a o •FH o >• ^ (U (1) 00 fco > TS »H ;« ;s? HALIFAX. 539 • ,0 ^ i 1 P3 f ■4J O . a >» O >» • m 0) »H o QJ »- o o m ^ ^^ PQ o c — . o 2 > -«1 44 O Tt<'»* a o ^ 13 p S QQ }-> o ' O -M . 4) O > a, ^^ pj u a ^ \ ^ a J3 0) t O -M (!.• ■ fm fc. c5 Jj 53 :!5 O S c/j ^ Ph (M Ci es a a. u u (U O) tJ SCO §tq o o «J o ^ *- - — o ee 3 S S • • • s ^ "TJ TS g o o 9i a « ^ ^ rt t:! Im ^ u Ol nS be tq «►? ». c d -c ^^ n E-ii-sH, 5 o Ih o o rt p:^ p^ ^ H ^^ H^ W ctt 540 NOVA BCOTIA DOCUMENTS. I 4$ e O TS w • to T) ta > a s d) 13 iX! 1^ W2 0) o •IBV)I CO (M i-HrHC^i-lr-ii-HrHi-H«OCi«n]3^ •goi«K y; t3 eS m P eS (M 03 tJ ^ 03 gee's "^ moo o a CO fl fl :^ o o 03 O E-iHji-st-s HALIFA2C. 511 s I o a •t3 ;2 M I n3 a a O I- n Si eO»-lr-tCOrHiO rJH i-H»-H-^CO-^C^ : d ce a a d cc 03 a : ^ 3 o d o g 'E ^ -2^-2 e « d 6 <4 !-(•— «•_'-'••-' CO "i cs s. d • pM ^ v^ • ^^ rfj *^ s;qw;^;^fi?w?^;5^p:so . • ^ a, (■- cS o O ;j !/.' o ;-• c: q ■4^ -»-> > d o <1) o r/2 t3 d OS (0 ►^ . si eg ^ n3 d d o- s jlS-S o t>. OnP (I Bo d a> , ^ pH •^i^ dl 9 ^^ d^ ^<1 t3 d d d W d -^ t-3 d cS d 03 CD d c2«S ^ ^ 'T3 d CO :/: sill d «c • « 2 o fee . . TS . d •c d « o o .S ^« .2 a u. o -d-d sd A »>*? fH o r t: O C C « '/; tc-r -r T3 -" tT ^ s-" fc« :t ■ « ! 1 • MH • • a.'^'^ : ■ '^^-^ -^ " =^ S "5 C S C St- m V- £ -5 =8 O •- O S OD Walla . IIoll . And Perra «.M. f 'ffl lb o w > 1-H rj( • • • • H .«^ 1 • • • • • • • ! c 3 • •♦i a • • e e . . ; H ! I n • ' I ■H . t-' • -• -. iJ • '^ r :: - 0) r. :'T3 -1 ^ 2 ^ 2 CC c ?Of fi .a> ^ n-; 1> 'sj/ c8 m 2 s x 'p -4-1 ■r^ O HALIFAX. 643 V. I I O o © o 13 'o "-^ 9 5 SOS -M -M .;2 ^ «^,« ., S* - S iJOS-H O "73 D O •— .« -^ S u K ^ C M Ui &q >^ . > o to CO o j- SS O use c ,rt a to a o > a c cn o p C3 o a J^ a> cs ^ « o ei f-H (M rH (M in tM (M (M ■*+< 1-1 r-l «-! (M (M ,-( r-l CO t- 0) ^ « « mmmM c ^^ r^ .£: < o II 544 KOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. } •m"! ■8ai«ni9j nai«W -oaiiimaji 2 S^ fl O *- OD ►S T3 -^ « ^"^ « « O .i-TS *• o o 4 O i- s N O 2 «e © ►*■ ^ ^ a, © i' o ^ ITS '^i-H X (^ ChO s •^>2'r' -* T" C ® C 05 - p^ h:: J 5 J2 ^ J3 « ^<= c" ? ^^ J2 ^tS t2 ^ -iJ : ^ ^ p: -< "^ • r- »- S "— ' c c a-a'> c c a =: ,£ 5 ^ _S .^ ^ ,:3 c cc;^ o c o o >-) eft W 1-5 "^ H-5 t-5 ^ ?: S C -. C8 c3 ilJ Ml © C 2 © 43 _ a a s o If t3 O H cn © 'il is': ^ o HALIFAX. 545 4 :c5 o o 2 tsj -1 "* e3 ^^V tc f o o N CS d-«*»-<,-irH«OrHC1t-^rH(MC<|(M^r-i«OT-lr-(C1COi— "i-lCSlMfMrH Ci CO (M G^ s Is •- p. m : «: . a • eS tn O S 3 ^^ CO a *r "^ H-i *-S r^ i-H c a o r hi tn S O o ■ s = ,11 o (M S S u S o to C3 rt 5 _, K^ Tl C c« (- «>—4 e u w 03 ;^ in H c; a 01 s CO rt OD^^ bo c c2 B ,1) •- ^^ 13 CI - T O « - « m 9i o u a a a §-c . '-S »-S O Hj B o 0) cs^.flj o s r3 Sfi ■^ 5 !; o O a a IS Qk3 o o 5' a eS ' o 'u. £ ^ s C8 tcrtoi:^ 5:^ 5 CI c o c a a.^ P^ ^2 o > HP o .- C « O ^ s t 33 I ,M ? ^r IH 546P VOTA SCOTIA DOCUMEBmf* •prjol ■fafBoie^ ••oi«M ■ioi6nx>f •■3l«K Ei » 75 rH OrH(M(MeOC1(MT-HT-( rH h O Q O .2.9.S 'E *n *E ee c; s S is I3P <*^ »^ r«^ . C • 6 « 3 o c a 4) .= re 1^ I— < tJD 'E o . . • c . • ^ CS fc< t- (D S C 3 2 = g § £ J C3 s ■i-t C3 3 CS ^ Ih ^ V< 1 •!— t ••I • — C^ V fc, ^ U fc- ~ rr Cv rt !S CC 3 rt in si 5J • ^ 3 rt CI s s to 25 o o o PkpH t> e8 g «^ 3 *" 3 !" o »: ^ o ce rt © •ri 3 C3 u c o a •-3 UJ .® 3 cS o 7) o 3 . tfi ■ iS-^ 3 3 .^ 3 :5 "• iS 0) 2 o 3 3 tq -3 r/J ■ « -3 O c3 O 2 &3w ■ 2 > CS -^ ^ a a u o S . bC^ 3 •;£ " re T? .1) ■" o I- o) a J. ^ ja -M 3 o .s ca H^ 3 t:.>H >-.'yj «.^ o^ S «-• • ^- Tn <« 3 "^ rt ~ o £1 .3 I ' ■— > 548 NOVA SCOTIA DOCCTHENTS, a SZ! O O n to •I«loi j ■nivnraj ■nnrn o ■i3|«m9i •«81«N 1 O ^ S §1 a CO 0) © to o o o 52; 02 u tnO _cS _w 'w o c^<^^l-HcoG<^(^^<^^^-H^-ler51-t1-llA^T^^«o^Jr5Tt^1-(<^^ (M o • a a^ (-1 . . . a a *± ^ ^ c a a g' C C 2 2 2 a a a ^SIS^ccoSI^KIllWftl^t^ C9 a > a ^ ■ o £3 Qj aj S <= C -^ {3 C3 CS ■•-" ?! Ih ,® aj eS;^ 0) c c P ce a o l(g: .0 3 o oo a c2 a p a =: ^ o ''O >^.^ ^ a 5^:^02 ^.t>^ " ^ b^ S I a H, (^ H, a p h, pq 1^ a es cup -M a> ^ ^ c2 fi ^ c g ci ^ js tCKT 0) . t a a S .0 r3 P a =2 HALIFAX. 549 "* rH G^ • • • d . . • • • • • 2 " S» TTn 00 ac j3 ie X3 d fiO O a £ o 3 tf o o 0'0i5,*,S>^ a o ■<-> OS 03 W) »- _: O O Q G3 00 • bO 00 00 o ee a> CO 00^^ O o •- -O «*5 -M a o C^r-(C^(Mi-li-lrH(M(MeOcCi-tTj g-^ g^-r; rt_> ce o ■iis 550 KOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. CD M O -M o bo OQ o o F 2 rt > o >- c • JV CO i- O a-i j3 ght. Sloop Servi © af adnou mpus chant • a • apshir a wall' do. 22 S s§ pO^cqpQ tQc^ •IKJOX i-Ii-I»-»©^C *^ .••• is .2.-'- *^ «- »- «8^^ »- >-i >- t-i «-•-; t-.^.^ ^ .CO (^^cscscecasja^scscacscog cc ^,1^53 S pL, c« ?^ g S g O'hJ ^qJ^SJs^SScAiSP-P-ico SQ c s •-:i ^ a 11 ^ c8 =3 c8 OS bo o 01 •T3 cS .© ce ,0 ^•^ ^ a C3 O o o ^3 <0 t>c. o © =^ t o o cecc -d tc ^ © ::3 -i3 o a -C CO 's o p:5w^H5ptpH © 0) cer3 © _: U O OH 13 a © C a © bo is © © © ea bo ca H © -(-a © a-s-s © CO i o •"< '"^ _S O kT^ Co O ,£} HALIFAX. 551 t ♦a O o u o w o o u QD O t> Ih 0) cs o jaa 'flO a o *>1 ft. ^ t5 IS "TS 00 S:. v/J P a) QJ 13 ^ '^ ^ iH'^rHrHCOrHCO'OrHC^i-t'^^rHT-lt^OI,— ((MtHi-ICOtHi— leiCOeC (M eo -^ I ^:« ei: a " eo (^ tt o c 50 a « cei Ct3 CD 'o t- •'-' i-i 9 2 ^ ii» CO w CO c C o^^^^^ji-;^ «- cs « o o A< &4 Ph O U li L< ii cs © fl e p fj S S ti SS 5 * © ^ wi > CO O o ^2 '73 O rC C S^ c-^ q =3 S ^T .© ^'^'^ Cn3 tc CC P2 rr «« >-4 "rr 03 ^ C t^ t-i ei ea S- CD -:? 0) P .S « >-. f P Oh .0 C3 C O .<» cs ^ rt2 rs eS »* 0) — . T3 fcJC —' p N « c9 ^a ss-^ S o ^ T 552 NOVA SCOTIA D0C7UHENTS. ,.-^- HALIFAX. 553 to o s ^ !i »« O to o u a I 02 !« 4) «0 CO Ob-'«*<(M«0«5e(0C0»-"H u ca « 0) - hi u ^ u. 0) ■" -- .S c-.S.SpS-^ o .s .s ^ o > rr o s S.S i ce CO j=^ = J2 v^ -^ r_-i ..»- ^ rh TS s g .« .2 ^ ^ is c2 hi .O e a a o o C 7.^> '^>, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 IIM 131 in i:^ IM 2.2 2.0 1= 14. Ill 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation « V ^ ^9> V « ^1? O^ <1? ^« '^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSbO (716) 872-4503 A i^.r % ^ TT" 554 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. 4 I •l«10i ■edi^ins^ •«91«K ^^J ■saiemsf •S3I0KI tn o at as O O g3 O w a (O 02^0 09 o GO ta o o o O S o o 0) O o M ^ CO ^ ^ (^ Q (Mt-:> CS u cS t3 53 S3 d d • t:: : 03 • L »-' d «> y lid o -"^ ^^ a o a- d cS d • eS u. '^ be 03 o 0"» "TS a ^3 t-r 03 c8 ^ ^■^ ■^^ E -- J? ea rr 03 rd 03 d 03 CO 73 =5 S is >^ c» is o o a Sxi'Z _c J3 tT 03 q.S d -4-3 o ^ Pn 03 d 03 a 03 ,03 03 -Tins d d cS cS d o 03 03 ^- rd .22 ^ o . d 2S g 2 d.S -d --5 Ja °^ HAili^LlX. 555 bo m X O) ,_(T-(rHi— lr-*rHT-i(McOi-li— It— lr-lT-((MTH(M (N (MlO?Or-t(M^C cC o «8 (u^sS^JS a o m^^SWPhW^WSoph fiiOc^'^ml^^H^ " i L i. ^ u^ K rK ,7', «-:< ^^ t— • c3 • ^ • p • cd • a ^ cSJ " h • f-4 , 13 0) o ^ is •n •n3 J p o c 03 O d c3 -tJ 3 4 c^ C a: c >— ± c a: .o ^ c-' TJ cS ■-:? O) (3 13 C O o ee h w. O i> . c« . Ph . " O > 4< o .55 O hi: '^ > ^ n3 C3 fl - (-< QJ C6 c8 pqHj 6« tn cfiO rt s; ^ >. o g © a ss c o o Ph .H ^ a re 3 jHi— j'fH f3 a) ' ;^ >-< CO o > 1i a '^ .'^ m~i 556 NOVA 8C0TU DOCUMENTS. •moj, -< ^ d CS u. o s § « i C S W ee J= d d a^-2 d d S_2 « d !^ a> o -.S.2 r^53 03 h:3 d -TSS o ^ d d ^ o o £ 2 d ■** 1^ W _, CO ^ Is "t: CQ TO O o Ih ^ n3 d c3 d © t> d ?• 'Tl ^ o M h d d j3 ra -M n ^^ ^ < d -d • a. - d a> Ills ©3 d M C « onspq HALIFAX. 657 §) -2 . . ao tee >%o^ fi b ?? S3 •■-< -S 1h EhOHJP^ • ^ ■*^ o o '4^ -i SJ o Ph W • (M ....... . >^ ■ ' I ! ! .' I I '. ! *. ; ; ! '. ^3 QM.IS CS'.Ch. Z^ .03 • . •• • • 03 d .CO '^ = 33!ac3cea3.2*j35!=i5se3c3 53 t* o — 1-H M (M (M O «C> M CJ * • • • • • '!t< Q O O m » © cq • • • « • « <:0 • • • ® . ^ a o ^ C3 (J) c3 S M CO o o C3 (t tH c a a c5 O H ■ o c3 e o ft .M ;-i .© ^3 a a =« c3 a iJ a rs ra -d b P fl rf o o M CD a 2 0.5 -dpd'o d:z: d c ^ ••- j3 tt 0;d o ^ oo'p^fi.oa •p > d a o 13 o 5 d .2 ^^ S ^ d pd o - a ^ W . CO ^ B o3 « o _:: .2 - a o (-1 S3 O a o d 02 TJ ;j ilH a ■1 ?,■: «: *« «s -kj o o c« a > o ;zj tM o Ih c a ;-i o > o '< -i-' C5 ' !^! #i,« >: rfl if) : as > »» d u< o , I-: O d > cS O o K ii r;«i| 558 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Notes referred to in foregoing list — (a) John Creighton was the son of a gentleman in the South of England. He entered the army early in life, and was at the battle of Fontenoy. He was nmong the officers discharged at the peace of Aix la Chappelle, in 1748, and was placed on the half-pay of Col. Warburton's Regt. of Foot. Mr. Creighton was sent to Malagash with the Germans in 1762, and took a leading part in the settle- ment of Lunenburg, where he continued to reside until his death in 1807. He was appointed Lt. Col. of Militia, a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and, on 6th May, 1776, a member of H. M. Council, which office he afterwards resigned. Mr. Creighton was father of the late Col. Joseph Creighton of Halifax, and grandfather of Hon. John Creighton of Lunenburg, now a member of tlie Legis- lative Council of Nova Scotia. JV. S. MS. Doc: Murdoch's N. S., vols. 2. 3. (6) Otis Little had been Captain of one of thc^ independent Companies raised in New England for Colonial Service. He was the author of a pamphlet or the resources of Nova Scotia, published in London in 1748. Being in England when the Colony at Chebucto was projected, he joined the Expedition under Cornwallis, and came out with the settlers in the Canning Frigate. For some time after liis arrival he acted as Commissary of Stores ; but was dismissed by Gov. Cornwallis for suffering irregularities to exist in the issuing of sup- plies. He was probably a lawyer by profession, having held the office of Attorney General of the Colony for several years. Capt. Little left a daughter, who died unmarried, at Halifax. Govs. Letters ; N. S. Council Minnies. (c) J. Baptiste Moreau had been a Roman Catholic Priest, and Prior of the Abbey of S. Matthew, at Brest. He afterwards became a Clergyman of the Church of England, and officiated to his Countrymen and the German Settlers at Lunenburg for many years. His son, Cornwallis Moreau, was the first male child born in Halifax. He was living, in 1848, in the County of Lunenburg, and received, that year, pecuniary aid from the ^ova Scotia Philanthropic Society. Hawkins Missions of Church, 856 — Ed. (d) Archibald Ilinchelwood served in the Secretary's office for many years- He was elected a Member of the House of Assem' ly, for Lunenburg, in April 1759. He was a Justice of the Peace in 1761, and I'-as again elected, for Lui.r>n- burg in 1765. Lord William Campbell nominated aim to a seat in the Coi'^-cll ii: 1773, but he died that autumn, before taking his seat. He left property in Argyle St.. opposite the Grand Parade, which fell to a nephew, an officer in the army, who left 3 sons, Archibald, Paisley, and Charles, who all died unmarried. N. S. Doc. ; 3furdoch's Hist. N. Scotia. (c) William Nesbitt accompanied Govr. Cornwallis to Nova Scotia in 1749. as one of the Government Clerks, and appears to have performed, in con- junction with Archibald Hinchelwood, the duties of the Secretary's office for several years. Ho afterwards practised as an Attorney and Solicitor at Halifax, where many of the early conveyances of land appear in his handwriting. He succeeded Mr. Little as Attorney General of the Colony, which office he held for nearly twenty- five years. On the establishment of a Representative Govern- ment, he was elected a Member of Assembly ; and was made Speaker on the 4th Deer., 1759. He continued in the Chair of the House, with the intermission of the session of 1774, (while sick), liirtil 1783, when he retired on a pension of £100 per annum. He died the following year. In 1763, Mr. Nesbitt declined the offer of a seat in the Council, preferring the offices which he then held. During the period of his Speakership, the house sat fourteen years without a dissolution — this was called the Long parliament of Nova Scotia. Mr. Nesbitt's residence was in Grafton Street. His old house situate in Block E, Collier's division, on the upper side of the street, still remains, though now much altered from its original appearance. He is supposed to have left no male heirs in this country ; his daugliter Mrs. Swan died in the old house in Grafton Street at an advanced age, about 85 years ago. The Portraits of Speaker Nesbitt and his wife are in the Library of King's College, Wfndsor. iV. S. MS, Doc. ; Journals of House of Assembly, N. S. HALIFAX. 559 Governor CornwaUia * to Duke of Bedford. (copy.) Chebucto, 22nd June, 1749. -My Lord Duke, — I arrived here yesterday, — this morning a Sloop arrived from Mr. Hopson, wliich I am obliged to send to Boston in case any ship should be going thence to England. I would not neglect an opportunity of writing to your Grace. I met the " Fair Lady " storeship at sea the eleventh, after we had been from England four weeks, who told me the Transports arrived at Spithead the day before he sailed, and were to sail in three days after him, we were then olf the island of Sable^ and except the first eight days had met with contrary winds all the passage, besides we had steered our course for Cape Race but was forced off the banks by a gale of wind from the North West so that I had reason to think the Transports might be soon at Chebucto — we had nobody on board that knew anything of the Coasts, nor of the Bay of Fundy, so were to cruize off the Coasts till we met with a pilot, we made the Coast of Acadie the 14th but met with no pilot till the 20th, when we met with a Sloop from Boston to Louis- burgh, with two pilots on board, for the use of the Governor, — the wind not serving for the Bay of Fundy and the officers assuring me in case of foggy weather (not unusual upon these coasts) we might be a fortnight getting to Anapolis. The wind was fair for Chebucto, so I thought it advisable to go in there rather than risk the being some weeks perhaps after the settlers arrived. I could save the Garrison of Louis- burgh, the bad and long navigation to Anapolis so I sent to Governor Hopson that I was going for Chebucto and desired him to transport the Garrison thither, imagining he had transports ready : by his Sloop that came in this day I find him in great perplexity, the French arrived, and he no trans- * The Honourable Edward Cornwallis, was fifth son of Charles, third Baron Cornwallis, by Lady Charlotte Butler, daughter of Richard, Earl of Arran, and uncle to the celebrated Duke of Ormonde. He was born 22 Feby, 1712-13. He was Member of Parliament for the borough of Eye in 1749, and in 1753, shortly after his return from Plalifax, he was elected for the city of Westmin- ater. He married, the same year, a daughter of the late Lord Townshend, but left no family. In 1759 he was made a Major General, and was afterwards Governor of Gibraltar. General Cornwallis was twin brother of Dr. Frederick Cornwallis, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, and uncle to the Lord Corn- wallis who defeated General Gates at Camden, South Carolina, in 1780, and afterwards surrendered at Yorktown, to the Revolutionary General Lincoln.— Collins' and DebreWs Peerage», ■%^ .■I itmmt\ I I raiwi 660 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. ports. — The Council of War it seems were of opinion that the orders from the Secretary at War did not empower him to hire Transports, but to wait my arrival and that I was to send the Transports that brought the settlers here. As I cannot know when the Transports will arrive, in what condi- tion, nor how many I can spare, I. think it absolutely necessary for the service to send the sloop to Boston with orders to Apthorp, and Hancock, who Mr. Hopson has recommended as the persons that have been always employed on the part of the Government to hire vessels with all expedition for the Transportation of these Troops from Louisburgh to Chebucto. I send a letter by the same sloop to Colonel Mascarene in case he should meet at sea any vessel going to Anapolis. I likewise send a Frenchman that knows the Country over Land, by Minas to Anapolis. I have ordered Colonel Masca- rene to come here with a Quorum of the Council, as soon as possible, that I may open my Commission, take the Oaths and appoint another Council according to his Majesty's Instructions. I can give your Grace little information as yet as to this Country — the Coasts are as rich as ever tliey have been repre- sented. We caught fish every day since we came within fifty leagues of the coast, the harbour itself is full of fish of all kinds all the officers agree the harbour is the finest they have ever seen — the Country is one continual Wood, no clear spot to be seen or heard of. I have been ashore in several places — the underwood is only young trees so that with difficulty one might walk thro' any of them ; D'Anvilles fleet have only cut wood for present use but cleared no ground, they en- camped their men upon the Beach. — I have seen but few ■ Brooks nor have as yet found the navigable river that has been talked of- -there are a few French families on each side of the Bay about 3 leagues oif; some have been on board: As to the disposition of the French or Indians I can give your Grace no account till I see Colonel Mascarene when I shall write more fully and continue from time to time to ac- quaint your Grace of our proceedings. I wish the French may not be uneasy at waiting so long on board for the evacua- tion of Louisburgh as it may be some time before Mr. Hop- son will get Transports — it will I fear retard the settlement. I am &c. ED. CORNWALLIS. P. S. — I expect the Transports daily. His Grace the Duke of Bedford. HALIFAX. 561 (From the Duplicate.) Wo came to anclior in Men'guiche Bti}' where I was* tokl there was a French settlement. I sent ashore to see the Houses and maimer of living of the Inhahitantj^ — there are l)ut a few Families with tolerabh* wooden Houses covered with Bark, a good many Cattle and clear ground more than serves themselves — they s(Hun to be very f.eaceable, stiy they always looked upon themselves as English yubjects, have their Grants from Colonel Mascarone the Covornor of Annapolis, and showed an unfeigned joy to hear of the new Settlenient. They assure us the Indians are quite })eaceable and not at all to be feared — there are none liereabouts. ' , I have, (fee, ED. CORNWALLIS. (From the Duplicate.) This Frenchman will be there in three or four days — tis 25 leagues from hence to Minas and the French have made a path for driving their Cattle over here. I'M Governor Cornwallis to Duke of Bedford.* Chebucto, July 23rd, 1749. My Lord, — My last to your Grace was of June 22d., a duplicate of which is enclosed, — the 27th the Transports appeared off the Harbour and in a few days most of them got in. As their passage had been extremely good and none of them had in the least suffered, I found they would be ready to sail the moment the settlers should be put ashore. I despatched a Sloop to Boston to countermand the order I had given, and eent to Mr. Hopson to let him know I would send in a few days Transports to bring away his Garrison. Mr. Hopson had wrote me that he had agreed with Desherbier the French Commiasary to make use of the French Transports upon condition that in case the English Ships should arrive beforo thoy were all on board he .should be at liberty to disembark them. I sent him one the let of July, and four more the largest * John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, was appointed secretary of state in 1747-8 and re8it,ned the office in 1751. He was afterwards minister plenipo> tentiary to France. He died in 1771.— CoZ/i/is' Peerage. '^ 562 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. of tlie Fleet the 5tli. I own I was miicli disappointod in finding Mr. Hopson unprovided with Transports as I never had the least intimation that he was to wait for the ships thvt fihonhl hring the Settlers, I have an account from Boston of July 3rd. that my second order got there soon enough to pre- vent all but one from sailing, but as they were all hired this will cause some expense, they write me it will not be much. tfuly 8 I received from Mr. flopson copies of letters from Governor Shirley aw] Colonel Mascarene giving an account of the French having begun a settlement and a Fort at the mouth of St. John's River. As my Instructions direct me to prevent all au'iii encroachments and particularly mention tint River as of the greatest consequence, I ne.xt day sent Captn. Rous of tho Albany with a small Sloop to attenpointment of Town Major of Quebec, which he held when that place surrendered to the British forces in 1759. Ho was one of the officers who signed the capitulation, for which he was blamed by Vaudreuil, the Governor of Canada, who thought he should have held out a little longer.— iV. r. Col. Z?oc.,vaI. x.; N. S. MS. Dqc. HALIFAX. 569 Scotia, They were summoned to attend His Excellency on friday the 14 July 1749 on board The Beaufort Transport, where being met His Excellency ordered them to take their places in the following order. '♦ " ' Present — His Excellency the Governor. Paul Mascarene Esqr. '^ Edward Howe, Esqr. John Goreham, Esqr. Benjamin Green, Esqr. f John Salisbury, Ii]sqr. Hugh Davidson, Esqr. His Excellency administered to each of the Members the Oaths mentioned in Act passed the iirst year of His late Ma- jesty's Reign, intituled an Act for the further security of His Majesty's Person & Government & the succession of the Crown in the Heirs of the late Princess Sophia being Protest- ants, & for extinguishing the Hopes of the pretended Prince of Wales & his open & secret Abettors. They also took & subscribed the Declaration mentioned in Act of Parliament passed in the 25th year of the Reign of King Charles the 2d, intituled an Act for preventing dangers Avhich may hap- pen from Popish Recusants. His Excellencv likewise subscribed the said Oaths & Decla- * See notices of Messrs. Mascarene, IIo\r, and Gorham, in previous pages. t Benjamin Green was a native of the Province of Massachusetts — Ixjrn in 1713; the yonngest son of the l{ev. Joseph Green, Rector of Salem village; and a graduate of Harvard. Ho was brought up as a merchant under his cider brother Joseph, in Boston; and in November, 17?<7, married Jlurgaret, daughter of the Hon. Joseph Pierce, of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Ho accompanied General Pepperell to Louisbourg, in 1745, as Sccretarj- to tlie expedition ; and ti.ter the capture of that place, remained there as Government Secretary, until Cape Breton was rest; .ed to the French in 1740, when ho removed with his family to Halifax, and was appointed one of Governor Cornwallis' Council. He was afterwards Treasurer of the Province; and on the death of Governor Wilmot, in 1700, being then senior Councillor, he was appointed Administrator of the Government. He died at Halifax in 1772. His eldest son, Benjamin Groen, succeeded him as Provincial Treasurer, and was a member of Assembly. Benjamin Green, .Junior, was father of the lato Lieutenant William V. Green, R. N., and of Joseph and Henry Green, late of Lawreneetown, near Halifax. The second son of the Hon. Bonj. Green was Sheriff of Halifax. The late Stephen Binney, of Halifax, married a daughter of Sheriff Green. — iV. S. MS. Doc. ; Pamphlet entitled " Fragments from Remarks of Twenty-five Years in Every Quarter of the Crlobe," by Lieutenant W, P. Green, Ji. >. . i' 570 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. ration, & then administered to the members an Oatli for the duo Execution of their Place as Councillors. His Excellency having suramonecl the Council on board the Beaufort Monday tho 17tli of July at ten a clock, was pleased to nominate William Steele Esq. one of His Majestys Council for this Province & administered to him the same Oaths for- merly taken by the other members. Then Mr Steel took his seat at the Council Board. Present — His Excellency The Governor. Paul Mascarene, Esqr. Benjamin Green, Esqr. " . John Salisbury, Esqr.* Hugh Davidson, Esqr. f William Steel, Esqr. His Excellency read to the Council a Proclamation with regard to The Settlers quitting the Colony without permis- sion, which was approved & ordered to be published in tho Camp the same Evening. A Proclamation against tlie retail- ing of Spirituous Liquors without a Licence was likewise read tfe approved of & ordered to be published in tlie Camp. Hugh Davidson, Sec. ED: CORNWALLIS. * John Salusbury accompanied Governor Cornwallis to Nova Scotia as one of his suite. Lord Halifax was liis friend and patron. He was of a Welsh family — brother to Doctor Thomas Saiusbury, an eminent civil lawyer in London. He married a Miss Cotton, who brought him a fortune of £10,000, which he spent in extravagance and dissipation. He does not appear to have taken an active part in forwarding the settlement. He returned to England in the spring of 1753, at the request of his wife's brotlier, and died near Offley, the country seat of his relative, Sir Thomas Salusbury, in Hertfordshire, in December, 1762, leaving a daughter, Mrs. Thrale, afterwards Mrs. Piozzi, well known in tho literary world as the friend and correspondent of Dr. Johnson. — Mem. of Mrs. Piozzi, quoied hy Murdoch in his Hist, of y. S. t Hugh Davidson also came out with Cornwallis, and held the appointment of Secretary of the Province and Member of Council for the first year of the settlement. Ho returned to England in 1750, to answer before the lioard of Trade to charges made against him for irregular and improper conduct in the administration of his office. He was accused of trading in the stores and sup- plies for the settlers. Governor Cornwallis thought him innocent of several of the charges under which he laboured. — See Governor's Letters. HALIFAX. 571 for tho < oard the ? pleased ; Council atlis for- took his ion with permis- )d in tho lie rotail- iviso read P- .LLIS. otia as one )f a Welsh lawyer in »f £10,000, ar to have England in lear Offloy, •rdshire, in rs. Piozzi, jnt of Dr. V. S. )intinent of ear of the ' IJoard of luct in the IS and 8up- of several At a Council held on board the Beaufort, on Tuesday the 18th of July, 1749, Present — His Excellency tho Governor Paul Mascareue, Esqr. , Benjamin Green, Esqr. John Salisbury, Esqr. Hugh Davidson, Esqr. William Steel, Esqr. His Excellency was pleased to appoint the following Gen- tlemen Justices of the Peace for the Township of Halifax, viz. : John Brewso, Esqr. : ■ Robert Ewer, Esqr. • • John Collier, Esqr. John Duport, Esqr. The said Gentlemen took the Oaths appointed by Act of Parliament to be administered to all persons in office & sub- scribed the Declaration. They likewise took an Oath for the impartial administration of Justice. Ordered a Proclamation, That all the Settlers should assemble to-morrow morning in separate Companys with their respec- tive Overseers, MW .JNflJippWilll.l HALIFAX. 573 At a Council liekl on board the Beaufort on raontlay tho 14th of August 1749. •1 Pkesent — His Excellency The Governor & the whole Council. The Indian Deputys being brought before the Council, His Excellency bid them welcome to Chcbucto & asked them what was their View in coming from St. John's. Indian — Capt. Howe told us that Your I^xcellency ordered us to come & we came in obedi'^nce to your orders. "a. Governor — I liave Instructions from His Majest} ^ ' maintain Amity '^ians — Yes. i! I 674 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Governor — Then tis necessary that the Treaty bo read. Accordingly it was read in French & inter- preted from French into tlieir Language by Martin the Indian & Andri the Inter- preter from Minas. Do you agree to renew every Article of the Treaty now read to you ? Indians — Yes. . Governor — Then I shall order a Parchment to be ready for you to sign tomorrow, & Captain How shall carry it to St. Johns to be ratifyd. Indian — Agreed. Governor-^^o you know what became of five of Capt Gor- * ham's Indians that were taken at Goat Island ? Indians — Marin carried them to Quebec. Governor — Do you know where diesis is, Capt. Sam's Brother ? Indians — At the Trois Rivieres near Quebec. Governor — Do you know who killd Capt Gorhams men at the River St Johns. Indians — Three of Passamaquady & one of the Penobscot Indians, who knew nothing of the Cessation of Arms. ED: CORNWALLIS. Hugh Davidson. (copy.) . Govr, Cornioallis to Lords of Trade. Chebucto, 20th August, 1749. M/ Lords,— My last to your Lordships, duplicate of Avhich is enclosed was by the " Everley." The " Alexander" was ready to sail next day, and in a few days more I should have been able to have discharged almost all the rest, but such an infinite quan- tity of Stores came fromLouisbourg that I was under an absolute necessity of keeping them all for some time, as there was not any storehouse nor even a shed to cover anything, I thought it was better to put the Stores on board the English than to keep the French Transports, so I employed all the hands I could get, and all boats to discliarge the French Ships, this has greatly retarded our principal work and obliges me to build a great many more storehouses than otherwise .would have been necessary. There are more provisions come frbip HALIFAX. 575 Louisbourg than all Mr. Townshend has sent. As tho Council of War has found it absolutely necessary to continue Warhur- ton's Regiment at least for tliis Winter upon the same footing it was upon at Louisbourg, they shall be supplied out of those Stores of Mr. Baker till I receive further instructiouH. I have sent one ship with Ordnance Stores to Annapolis, and I am building storehouses as ftist as possil>le for tho I'est. These things My Lords not only delay our main work but will mako a great addition to the expenses of this year, whe- ther it is all to be reckoned to the charge of the Colony I leave to your Lordships consideration. I have contracted for Frames, materials for Barracks and Oflicers Lodgings from Boston. The great drought this season has raised tho price of boards, planks, and shingles and the demand from this has made it higher than ever. I have got no boards under £4 the 1000 feet. I shall be obliged to furnish a vast number to help the people to get under cover, indeed they reckon boards &c. among the materials they have a right to demand. That tho people of New England may not take the advan- tage of our necessity, I have sent an Officer on purjiose to Boston to see into the prices of, buy up what may bo suffi- cient. Since my last a great many acres have been cleared — The Town has been marked out, lots drawn and now every one knows where to build his House, a great many houses are begun, and many Huts, Loghouses &c already up, for above half a mile on each side of tiie Town — But I need not trouble your Lordships with particulars, as Colonel Hopson will give a more full and exact account of every thing. From Mr. Browses Plan enclosed which I should have sent by my last, your Lordships will see what disposition I have made for the security of tho Town, the extent of it and tho manner of distributing the lots. A good many people from Louisbourg have settled here and several from New PJngland and they tell mo that above 1000 more desire to come down before Winter. I have ordered all Vessels in the Government's service to give them their pas- sage. Mr. How who went with Captain Rous to St. John's River, returned last Saturday and brought with him deputies from the St. John's Indians who have renewed their submis- sion to His Majesty, and signed articles of Agreement, the same as in their last treaty in 1726 ; they return by sea this afternoon with Captain How who goes to have the Treaty ratified, and carries presents to the Chiefs and to the Tribes. 570 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. They were some time in tlio River St. John before thoV saw either French or Indian, till a Schooner arrived with pro* visions, and informed them that the French were further up the Country with the Indians. Captain Rous took possession of the schooner and j)romised to release it upon condition the master would go and bring- down to him the French Ollicer. Accordingly next day tv/o French Officers with a party of 30 Men and 150 Indians appeared on the shore and planted French Colours Avithin Musket shot of the Albany. Captain Rous made them strike their Colours directly, delivered my letter and received an answer, copy of which is enclosed. He showed them his Instructions from M. do la Gallissoniere, but could not be prevailed on to give copies, his first orders were to make a settlement and fortity themselves, his last instruc- tions were only to prevent the English from settling there till further orders. Deputies from all the French districts came here the day I had appointed. In a letter they gave me as containing the sentiments of the Inhabitants) they demand the free and pub- lic exercise of their religion with Missionaries as heretofore, and an entire exemption from Arms, Copy of the declaration I gave in answer to this letter is enclosed for your Lordships perusal. Colonel Mascarene sails to-morrow for Annapolis Royal — upon his arrival he is to dispatch 100 Men to Minas with a Blockhouse and provisions for the Winter. It is not easy to know the designs of these French, but one may see what kind of subjects they are, from their aversion to swear allegiance to His Majesty, and from their sending to consult the French Governors, as I am informed they have done. A French Merchant has been here with a proposal from some French Protestants at Martinico, to come here and settle with their families and eflects. I have promised them all en- couragement and protection, he assures me they are ready to come, and that I may expect them before Winter. He makes their fortunes exceed .£50,000 Sterling. A Jew has likewise been with me with proposals, he goes to London, and I have reterred him to your Lordships, I send enclosed a list of the Civil officers I have appointed. I must submit their Salary to your Lordships. I am &c, ED. CORNWALLIS. The Right Honble. The Lords for Trade & Plantations. ^AUTPAX, 577 %^">^^,~ ^"™''^™. 20th A.,g,«t, 1749 jJowever Mv T i t i '^ «*" tins Y««r Grace will seo f 1.7 ^"^'"<^ers is enclosed V 9 i ^".^^ the extent 0}/^^ ^ i«anner the SettlerV 1 ,-^' '^^'^^^^ trouble Ynnr P settlement for tL i.rn . V r ^^"P« i» MisdoBa^,'*;/,""^, P-W'" exercise ^of teir reit""' "'^>' »nassacre them a 1 w ^^ ^<^serve-^That tb« T. • " "^*^3^ '«d under tho same oblij^aC Tdto" "'" '^""^ ''""'■^a ^ « 10 aelend one another when m NOVA SCCTIA DOCmiENTS. attackod, for at present above ten thousand people arc awed by two hundred savages so that no assistance could be expected from them in the greatest difficulties — Copy of the Declaration 1 gave them in answer to their letter is enclosed No. 3. Colonel Mascarene has been detained here longer than I expected — It is impossible to send Troops to Minaa before ho' gets to Annapolis — I believe he will sail to-morrow. Mr. Ifowe who went in the Albany to be assisting to Captn. Rous returned Saturday last having come over Land, and brought with him thirteen Indians, three deputies from the tribes at St. John's, the Chief of the Chiuecto Indians and nine of their tribes — They came with Instructions from their nations to renew their submissions and articles of Agreement according the last Treaty made in the year 1720—1 nave mot them several times before the Coxuicil, they have renewed the Treaty in behalf of their Tribes, n:nd this afternoon they return by Sea to St. John's with Capt. Howe who carries Presents for the Chiefs - Esqfa. Benjamin Green, Wm. Steel, ) Capt. Jo. Rous, Commander of His Mys. Sloop Albany. His Excellency read two Letters from Minas, one froiu Capt. Jo. Handtield, another from Lieut. Glazier, informing him of two vessels having been attacked by the Indians at Chinecto — belonging to Messrs. Donnol & Winniet— that three' Englishmen were killer. Jj seven Indians — As it was known that Leutre the Priest had been some time with the Indians,- & it being highly probable that he is there on purpose to excite them to War, It Avas the Unanimous Opinion of the Council that a Letter be sent to M. Desherbiers, Govr. of Cap Breton to recall Le Leutre, & to tell him that if any French subject enter this Province without permission & join the In- dians, It must be looked upon as a breach of faith & Priend- • ship, of which His Britannic Majesty should be informed. It was the Unanimous Opinion of the Council tha tno dispc sition could be made of the Troops to greater advantage than what they are in at present, & That it AVouId be very im- proper to arm all the Settlers. — But it was resolved that the Ordnance Artificers, with those from New Ewgland, & snch of the Settlers as have been in the army be armed. Orderd, That the Naval Officer take bonds of every Master ■ of a Vessel of X50 »t. for every Settler they shall carry out oib •the Colony without the Governop's Licence. ED: CORNWALLIS-, JIuoH Davii^on. HALIFAX. 581 At a Council held on board the Beaufort on Sunday the 1st of Oct., 1749, Present — His Excellency the Governor, John Horseman, John Gorham, Charles Lawrence, Edward How, Ben : Green, Jo. Salusbury, Hugh Davidson. The Council assembled to take into consideration the late Hostilitys committed by Indians of this Province at Canso, Chinecto, & yesterday at the Sawmill upon this Harbour. They were of opinion that to declare War against them would be in some sort to own them a free people, whereas they ought to be looked on as Rebels to His Majesty's Government, or as so many Banditti Ruffians — & treated accordingly. — They therefore came unanimously to the following resolutions : That His Excellency give orders to the Commanding Officers at Annapolis Royal, Minas ^ CORNWALLIS. A Proclamation. By His Excellency Edward Cornwallts Esqr. Captain General & Governor in Chief in and over the Pro- vince of Nova Scotia or Accadie. Whereas, notwith.standing the gracious offers of friendship 582 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. and protection made in Lis Majesty's name by Us to the In- dians inliabiting this" Province, the Mic-macks have of late in a most treacherous manner taken 20 of his Majesty's subjects prisoners at Canso, and carried oft' a Sloop belonging to Bos- ton, and a Boat from this Settlement, and at Chinecto basely and under pretence of friendship and commerce attempted to seize two English Sloops and murder their crews, and actually killed several, and on Saturday the 30th of September a body of these savages fell upon sr^me men cutting wood and Avith- out Arms near the Saw Mill, and barbarously killed four and carried away one. For these causes we, by and with the advice and consent of his Majesty's Council, do hereby authorize and command all Oflficers Civil and Military, and all His Majesty's Subjects or others to annoy, distress, take or destroy the savages com- monly called Mic-macks wherever they are found, and all such as are aiding and assisting them ; and we further by and with the consent and advico of His Majesty's Council do promise a reward of Ten Guineas for every Indian, Mic-mack, taken or killed to be paid upon producing such savage taken or his scalp (as is the custom of America) if killed, to the Officers commanding at Halifax, Annapolis Royal or Minas. Given at Halifax, the second day of October, one thousand seven hundred and forty nine and in the twenty third year of His Majesty's Reign. God save the King. At a Council held in Tlie Governors Apartment at Halifax on Saturday the 14th of Octr., 1749, Present — His Excellency the Governor, John Horseman, John Salusbur}", Charles Lawrence, Hugb Davidson, Benj : Green, Wm. Steel. Orderd, a Proclamation to be published, with a promise of ten pounds st. reward to whoever shall discover the person -or persons that assaulted Roger Sowdcn the Constable, OCtJMENTS. dians pretend tliey did this because a New England man who had ransomed his Vessel of them for XlOO and left his son hostage never returned to them tho' Colonel Hopson advanced him the money. I have wrote to Boston to have this exam- ined and have the Master one Ellingwood taken iip. The french are certainly doing every thing in their power to ex- cite the Indians to molest us. Not one Indian has appeared in this Bay for some weeks by past. I heard to'ther day from an Officer (a settler) at Minas that they are- all colleagued with Leutre who is sent with the French presents. Tis firnnly my opinion, my Lords, that if the Indians do begin wo ouglit never to make peace with them again. It will be ve^ry practicable with an addition of force by sea and land to root them out entirely ; this would have aTM)ther effect entirely con- sequence, It Avould take from the French Inliabitants the only pretext they have for refusing to be quite upon the same foot- ing with the English — could wo once depend on their fidelity I take it this would bo the strongest Colony His Majesty jwssesses. The fi*onch doputios have been with us this week, they came as they said witli their final answer, your Ltordships Avill see from the enclosed Copy of their Letter which was signed by a thousand Inhabitants, that they are, or say they are,, resolved to i-etiro, rather than take the Oath of Allegiance. As I am sure they will not leave their Habitations this. Season^ when the letter was road to tlte Council in their presence I made them answer without changing any thing of my former Declaration or saying one word about it. My view is to make them as useful as possible to His Majesty while they do stay. If afterwards they aro still obstinate and refuse tho Oath I shall receive in Spring His Majesty^s further Instructions from your Lordships. As tliey stayed to have copies of my ans^ver in writing I saw them in the afternoon by myself and exhorted them to be faithful to His Majesty, to renounce all connection with France, and give all the assis- tance in their power to this Colony, as what must turn out greatly for their interest, they went home in good humour promising great things. This day I reckon the DetachKnent from Annapolis wil! arrive at Minas, tho' Colonel Mascareno was there the 24th of August they could not march sooner — the management in that Regiment has been so shameful that 'tis almost incredible — there never was such another in any service ; it is my business, to make it better and rectify past errors — I liave ordered a Company to come overland to Chebucto. HALIFAX. 585 ,nce. tliia [their g of IvioAV iivhile- fuse- ther have hiooifc \y, ^> »ssis- out biour will Itli of that ble— lincss. This day Captain Gorham with his Company is gone to establish himself at the head of the Bay in order to keep open in all events the commnnication with Minas, and command the Bay, I have sent an armed vessel to assist him and materials of all kinds for Barracks, &c. The ship from Liverpool arrived the 30th of August with 116 settlers, they have already cleared a spot for their Houses, two streets being added for them. There were victualled last week 1574 Settlors, hitherto my Lords every thing goes on very well indeed, much bettor than could have been expected, the settlers of late behave very decently. I send your Lordships an account of the trial of Peter Cartcel for murder, we endeavoured to follow as near ar pos- sible the English Laws and Customs, we may have failo ' in form, but the substance and design of the laws was certainly observed. I must urge it with j'our Lordships to have some Sloops of Force sent here as early as possible without which it will bo absolutely impossible to hinder the intercourse with the Set- tlements of French and the exportation of provisions, live Stock, or what they please. I am, &c., The Right Honble. The Lords Commissioners for Trade & Plantations. ED. CORNWALLIS, (copy.) Governor (Jormvallis to DuJce of Bedford. My ToRn- Chebucto, 11 September, 1749. My last of August 20th would be delivered by Colonel Hopson who would give your Grace a particular account of our proceedings to that time. Since he sailed The Troops have been constantly emploj^ed in carrying on the line of Pallisades round the Town — One of the Square Forts, that upon the Hill, is finished ; they like- wise clear a space 30 feet Avide without the line, and throw up the Trees by way of barricade — When this work is finished I shall reckon the town secure against all attempts the Indiana can make. I have intelligence from all parts of this province & from C. Breton that the Indians of Acadie t^ St, Johns 586 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. I i l! given Island, headed by Leiitre design to molest us this winter — Tlie french do every thing in their power to excite them to it — The Settlers dont seem at all alarmed. All precautions that can bo thought of are taken for their security. Those that build their houses without the Town have arms them, and their Houses are mostly Loghouses musket proof I have likewise armed such of the Settlers as I can trust with arms, within the town. Lamps are ordered from Boston to light the Streets the winter nights. Captain Gor- ham is gone with his Company to the head of the Bay to remain there all winter — He carried with him his materials of all kinds for Barracks — I have ordered one of the armed Sloops to assist him — There he will command the whole Bay and secure the communication with Minas — The Detachment ordered from Annapolis is not yet arrived there, tho' Colonel Mascareno got to Annapolis the 24tli of August. My Lord, tljoso Companies are as prepared for service as a Regiment raised yesterday. The whole management in this Province both with regard to the Inhabitants and these Companies has been such that tis scandalous the Crown should be so served. It has been called an English Province these thirty four years and I don't believe tliat the King had one true subject without the Fort of Annapolis. I cannot trace the least glimpse of an English Government. I cannot help saying that General Phillips deserved the highest punishment for what he did here — his allowing a reserve to the Oath of Alle- giance his receiving money for public works without disburs- ing one penny particularly for Canso where private Men at their own charges were obliged to provide Magazines for the stores, his never allowing the Regiment half their clothing, I am told not one of them ever had a knapsack or Haversack. I will not tire your Grace with further particulars but will endeavour to rectify past errors — The Lieut. Coll. was in fault to suflFer so many abuses that he himself complains of, but is worn out and has been himself abused by every Officer in the Fort from the Captain to the Ensign — I have ordered a Company to come over land to Chebucto, and were it not for the difficulty of getting them under cover before winter I would send for one or two more — I reckon 200 men sufficient for that Fort at present. Allow me to tell your Grace tliat in ray opinion, the only way to make this Colony sure and stable is to send more force both by sea & land. It is such an eye sore to the French that your Grace may be assured they will use all endeavours to prevent it. ALTPAX. 587 inter — liem to autions Those 3 given proof- i I can od from ain Gor- ) Bay to^ icriab of armed ■hole -Bay taebment y Colonel My Lord, Beginient Province :)anicH lias 80 served. ,birty four uo subject the least elp saymg ibment for .th of Alle- it disburs- ,,te Men at [les for the clothing, I liversack. ,rs but will loll, was in implains ot, -ery Officer ordered a it not for .■e winter I ^n sufficient race that in B and stable fuch an eye ',d they will The French Deputies have been here a tliird time. A Council was called to receive their final answer and resolution — Tliey delivered me a letter signed by one thousand Inhabi- tants copy of wliich your Grace will receive enclosed, with the answer I made them in Council — I saw them afterwards by myself and talked much to tliem to convince them it was their interest to be entirely P^nglisli, the}' went away promis- ing great tilings. If they keep their words I shall have the pleasure of informing Your Grace by the next Ship — In case they should continue obstinate I shall desire to have further Instructions how to behave towards them. ****** A general Court was held the 31st of August in one of the Storehouses, for the trial of one Peter Cartel for murder, the Saturday before he had stabbed the Boatswain's Mate of the Beaufort who died upon the spot, and wounded two men that endeavoured to seize him. I en- close an account of the Trial, having endeavoured to keep as near to the English Customs as possible. The Ship from Liverpool arrived 30 August after a passage ot nine weeks with 116 Settlors there was not one person sick on board — Two streets were immediately added for them. Of late the Settlers in general behave very well, the Jus- tices and Overseers do their duty and I hear of no complaints of riots, mutiny or disobedience. I am (fee. His Grace the Duke of Bedford. ED. CORNWALLIS. Lords of Trade and Flantatioris to Governor CornwalUs. Sm,- Whitehall, 16th October, 1749. We have received your several letters to us dated the 22nd June, the 24 of July, the 20th of August, and the 1 1th of September last, and as this is the first day of our meeting together after a very long adjournment, so it is the first oppor- tunity M'o have had of answering them. Your putting into Chebucto and not sailing for Annapolis Royal as your Instructions directed, was a very happy circum- stance, as it prevented many ill consequences which must necessarily have happened had the Settlers arrived in the Harbour before you. Your conduct herein as well as in sending to Boston for transports to bring the Garrison from I i 688 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Lonisbourg was ver}^ much to be coramencled, altho' it gave lis great pleasure to find that tlie safe arrival of the Transports from England 8o soon after, made this measure (which would have been attended with great expencc) unnecessary ; It likewise was great satisfaction to us that the Transports had so short a Passage and arrived in so good condition. The irregularity and indolent disposition of great part of the Settlers which you complained of, upon their arrival, was indeed in some degree to be expected, but Ave are well pleased that you have at length brought them to a decent behaviour and your conduct herein as well as in the manner 3'^ou pursued to prevent desertion, we cannot but greatly approve. We entirely agree with you in opinion that a mixture of Foreign Protestants would by their industrious and exem- plary dispositions greatly promote and forward the settlement in its infancy and we shall endeavour to fall upon some mea- sure of sending over a considerable body the next year. With your letters we have likewise received the plan of the Harbour and of the Town of Halifax, the situatio \nd dispo- sition of which we greatly approve, the object' i to Sand- wich Point being strong ones, notwithstanding i»ie advantages which at first appeared, and as by the manner in which the Town is laid out the settlers will be kept together in a body, it will be a great security to them against any attempts of the Indians, and we are satisfied that the making another settle- ment or settlements in any other place this year, would have been very difficult and would have exposed the people to great dangers from the Indians. The form of opening your Commission and appointing your Council as well as the persons appointed, have our entire approbation, and we shall in due time recommend them to His Majesty for his confirmation ; We likewise approve the list you have sent us of the Civil Officers and their salaries, and have sent a copy thereof to the Lords of the Treasury, as we must necessarily do so in whatever regards the expence of the Settlement, and as they are the proper judges of what expences are regularly to be charged to tlie account of the Settlement ; We have also sent to their Lordships the part of your letter of the 20th of August, which relates to the provi- sion you have made of Boards, but my Lords this is not all proposed, you aro to extend all your settlements and make Nova Scotia your own, this without greater force will be a length of time (if at all effected) with it but short,— with two Regts. more, I will venture to make Nova Scotia in four years His Majesty's to all intents and purposes great and more flourishing than any part of North America ; as it stands at present naked and exposed in its Very infancy I will call it more valuable than Cape Breton, ten times more ; give it the Walls and Forts that a thirty years work established without them in two years I will defio the power of France as to the Town of Halifax, but more, much more, might be done to make Nova Scotia joms. I have now done my duty in laying before you ray thoughts, you will follow what seems to you/ Lord ships and the ministry most advisable. Expence will attend it« without which nothing is to be done : the only consideration is whether it will repay and answer the ends proposed. There are now three hundred Houses covered in at Halifax Which I hope will be tolerably comfortable for the winter, that got over what may not be expected from another summer, when this has been effected in three months time. Let me beseech you therefore to consider the importance of the undertaking, and HALIFAX. 593 not let it drop for want of a sufficient supply and force to pro- tect it both by Sea and Land. Consider it not (as too many will do) as an airy project — You have nothing to look fjr, you are in possession of a valuable treasure, that nothing but superior force can take from you. The accounts oi' disbursements as far as they have hitherto gone will bo sent you, they will I fear appear great, greater than I could wish, but be assured my Lords nothing has been idly thrown away, nothing embezzled nor no part perverted to private use or indirect purposes, bur lulvl out as well as my understanding would direct mo for public and national 8crvic<3. I am, &c., The Right Honble. The Lords Commissioners tor Trade & Plantations. [ have Lorda Iments force lort, — " tia in ,t and tanda [call it it the lithout the make eforo ships pd it« ion is 'here lich I over is liaa yoii , and (copy.) Governor (Jornwallis to Duke of Bedford. My Lord — Halifax, 17th October, 1749. The French have begun their usual game — their Mis- sionary to the Lulians De Leutre, the same that led them be- fore Annapolis Royal, has once more persuaded them to begin hostilities. In my last I informed Your Grace that they had taken 20 Englishmen prisoners at Canso — Septr. 8 at Chinecto they attempted to seize two Sloops, having gone on board with their Furs as if to traffic as usual, and pretending peace and great friendship with the English — Septr. 30 they killed 4 men that were cutting wood near Major Gilman's Sawmill, and carried off one, I summoned the Council next day, Avho came unanimously to the following resolutions. That in their opinion to declare War against them would be in a manner to own them a free and independent people, whereas they ought to be treated as so many bandit Ruffians or rebels to His Majesty's Government. That in order to secure the Province from further attempts from the Indians some effectual method should be taken to pursue them to their Haunts and show them that after such actions they shall not bo secure within the Province. That a Company of Volunteers not exceeding fifty men be immediately raised in the Settlement to scour the Woods all round the Town. 38 594 NOVA SCOTIA D0CTTMENT9. That a Company of ono hundred men he raised ui New England to join with Gorham's during the Winter and go over the whole province. That a further present of 1000 Bushels of Corn be sent to the St Johns Indiana to confirm them in their good disposi- tions towards the English — That a reward of ten guineas be granted for every Indian taken or killed. In consequence to these resolutions, instead of a Declara- tion of War, the enclosed Proclamation was published hero, at Annapolis and Minas. Captn. Claphara raised in three days 70 volunteers, out of whom he has chosen fifty and has begun to scour the Woods about the Town, while Gorham sends out Detachments all round the Bay. Major Gilman is gone to Piscataqua to raise a Company of 100 men, and has engaged to return before December. I have ordered the Corn to be bought at Minas. Mr. Howe is to carry it to St Johns, and has instructions to try to bring over some of their tribe to go against the Micmaca. These My Lord, are the steps taken for the security of the Province for the present — I have wrote my sentiments fully to the Lords of Trade with regard to the further settlement of this Province and its future defence, which as it will ma- turely come before your Grace, I shall not trouble you with a repetition. I must mention one thing to Your Grace and desire your Instructions about it — Captn. Gorham has brought two Schooners hero hired by Governor Shirley during the War to be under the direction of the Man of War stationed upon the Coast, and in their absence of the Commander in Chief of the Province. They are at a most extravagant hire one being £94 the other X91 per month besides above £dO a year for Whale Boata. I am told that the bills for the payment of these Schooners have been protested. As soon as I knew upon what footing they were I told Captn. Gorham that I would not meddle with them upon any account. I beg leave to refer Your Grace to Governor Shirley for further particulars. Enclosed is copy of my letter to M. Desherbiers with regard to the English Sloop carried into Cape Breton and De Leutres being in this Province without permission, and Copy of a letter ftom the Micmacs of Capo Breton probably dic- tated by their Missioi'ary. As to the Settlement every thing goes on well, about 300 Honses are covered. Two of the Forts are finished; and the HALIFAX. 595 New over nt to sposi- jas bo jclara- liore, out of Woods iits all >aiiy ot . Howe bring r of the ta fully tlement ivill ma- witli a barricade carried all round the Town. The Posts of the head of the Bay and Minas are made secure. I have ordered a Detachment of General Philips to remain in the former that Gorham with his Company may scour the Country. About thirty of the French inhabitants have been em- ployed in the works here for some weeks — some of them have likewise cut a road Irom the Head of the Bay to the Town. I am <&c. His Grace ED, CORNWALLIS. the Duke of Bedford, - COENWALUS. At a Council held at the Governors on Sunday the 7th ol Jan.r 1749-50. Present — His Excellency the Governor. Capt John Rous, Chas. Lawrence, Hugh Davidson, Benj. Green, William Steel. John Salusbury, His Excellency read to the Council a petition from some of the Inhabitants, desiring that the Martial Law may be put in Execu- tion for some time till the danger from the Indians shall be over. The Petition being taken into consideration, It appeard to the Council that the Danger is not great enough nor the In- vasion so certain as to make it necessary to Exercise the Law Martial — & that altho' it were certain that the Indians de- signed to attack us, yet if the Settlers woud only work a few days to throw up some necessary Works & keep a Guard HALIFAX. 599 every night in every Quarter, the Town would be secure against any number of Indians. The Council therefore de- sire that His Excellency would be pleased to appoint officers to each Quarter and to the Artificers, and appoint such Guarda as he should think proper. Resolved Nem. Con. That every Captain of Militia have a power to send any person to Jail that shall disobey his orders, either to mount Guard in his Turn or to work at any work necessary for the Defence of the Town, there to remain 24 hours ' I e secure, but that all Personal Estates should be liable ior jast Debts wheresoever contracted. It being agreed in the Debate that it is absolutely neces- sary that their Persons & Lots bo free from former Debts, they being sent here on purpose to people the Province & cultivate the spots of Land allotted them, & as it may be infinite advan- tage to a Debtor to be allowed some time at least to exercise his Profession without Interruption by Law suits, His Excel- lency proposed to follow tlie custom of the other Colonys for a certain time limited, till his Majesty's Pleasure should be known. Which being unanimously approved of, It was resolved, That from this day to the second of February 1750-51 No Debts contracted in England or in any of the Colony^, prior to the Establishment of this Settlement, or to the Debtors arrival here as a Settler shall be pleadable in any Court of Judicature in this Province, except for Goods imported or orderd to be imported into the Province. That this Resolution be sent to the Clerk of the County Court & orderd to read at the first meeting of the Justices & enterd in their Books. The Master of a Vessel in the Harbour, having petitioned for liberty to ship five men belonging to the Settlement, in order to proceed in his voyage to Carolina a ,-j^-R^jjJauu— HALIFAX, 605 ith tlicrn that ho rria, Sur- }d to give ;he whole vernment ,ny incon- ild wharfs That as a cy hinted )mo years ely neces- 'ermission nder such lessarv, & lie Wharls ich a Key Benefit to lild Wharfs ons. ect to be )eing. rery thing )in time to Majestys Ic Keys or do where be made they have )use upon rf, without & Seal of |me being, le Key or [allis. Governor Cornwallis io Lords of Trade and Plantations. ***** The first thing I set about after tho departure of tho Charleton was to establish the Courts of Judicature, and tho forms of proceeding in them your Lord- ships will find that wo have nearly followed the Courts of Virginia. — Tho resolutions of the Council are entered at length in the Minutes, copy of which is sent your Lordships by this conveyance. By the iJetsy Schooner I sent His Grace the Duke of Bedford the letters 1 had from Lieut: Governor Phips with intelligence from Canada of great preparations against this Settlement. The same accounts being repeated and confirmed in every letter from Boston filled the minds of people with apprehen- sions and those most Avho are best acquainted with tho savages. Tho' I myself gave little credit to them, yet I resolved to take all sorts of precautions when I could not prevail on tho settlers to fell the Trees for some hundred yards round the Town, I was obliged to employ all the Hands I could get to raise the Barricade and to continue it to the water side. It has been always impossible to get any of them to work without great wages. Some of the Inhabitants petitioned that tho settlers might be made subject to Martial Law while the alarm continued, but the Council was of opinion that our circumstances were not urgent enough to make such a step necessary. All the Settlers able to bear arms, were formed into ten Companies, two from each Division, a Captain and two Sub- alterns appointed to each Company. The artificers formed one Company by themselves. The whole Militia amounted to about 840 men. A Captain and fifty men mounted every night near the Parade, a Lieutenant and twenty men in each division of the Town. The penalty f^r- neglect or refusal of duty was 24 hours imprisonment aii>l ^ fine of 5 shillings. The Ofiicers behaved well ; I cannot commend the behaviour of the men in general notwithstanding the danger they im- agined threatened them. The french Inhabitants seemed assured that the Indiana would make an attempt upon the Town in the beginning of February. Several of them gave me all the intelligence they could get, being well paid. .,.,Aii.i» 606 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. i! n About tlio miclcllo of January all that wore here at work left us to a man, a proof thoy certainly expected the Indians. Reports increased the number of Indiana to some thousands. I did indeed imagine that if the Indians had kept toge- ther 80 long at Chincto, cither they designed to make a push to take one of the outports or the whole was only a blind to cover somewhat the Frtnch are carrying on in those parts. But all communication from Chig* '^"to and Cobequid to Minas being stopped no certain intolli o could be had of their numbers or designs. It has all along been my resolu- tion not to risk the settlement upon any account, nor to lot the savages gain any advantages over us by our sending out small parlies. If I could have spared three hundred men I should have sent and attacked them at Chinecto. Had Major Oilman come down with his company at the time ho promised something might have been done. His conduct has been extremely absurd notwithstanding he knew his company was purely for the winter months, notwithstanding of repeated orders and frequent opportunities of sending men he only sent part of his company the 7th instant. * * * I have not come to any resolution with regard to the distri- bution of Land to the Settlers, nor where t'^ set down those that may come in Spring. What I at present think of is, to distr this Peninsula the Town stands upon in small Lots for garaens and meadow grounds ; there is not more than 3000 Acres. The Town and suburbs standi on eight hundred Acres and there must be a common of at least 150 Acres. I believe a settlement on the opposite side of the Harbor would be preferable to one at a Distance : It would greatly add to the defence and strength of the Harbour the situation would be good especially for the fishery ; it will be under the eye of the government, easily helped, easily supplied and protected. While there is any danger from the Indians the more compact we are the better. As the principal fishery will be here, the more Inhabitants, the more men there will be for labour the more children that will take to the Fishery, the more people to employ all kinds of hands, every thing will go on with more spirit. When once this Harbour is secure, well peopled, a certain fishery established, people will come from all parts without any expense to the public, and it will be easy to extend to other parts of the Province. Nothing will give mo greater pleasure than to hear that HALIFAX. 607 your Lordships havo fallen upon 8omo means of sorKlInp: over Germans and other foreign Protestants. TIio winter has passed Avitliout complaints of any kind, our numbers augmenting by almost every vessel ; every thing wanted was provided them, to get them tolerably covered against the season. Your Lordships will bo glad to hear what fine winter weather wo havo had, very few extreme bad days, no snow storms as at Louisbourg ; the navigation never stop- ped, the riarljour never froze uj) so as to hinder vessels from coming in and going out. Vessels come in every month, almost every week. I talk of the winter as passed, because we have had fine warm days, and thaw, and the fishing schooners began last week to go upon the banks. Captn. Rous who has wintered hero assures me the Fleet of England may ride here all Winter Avithout the least danger. I have desired him to write fully to the Admiralty upon that head. The earth has been covered with snow since the middle of January, about three foot deep in the Woods. I now employ all the Artificers to raise storehouses, and have begun to un- load the Transports : they shall bo discharged as soon as possible. A frame is put up for a Hospital to receive the sick ; there has never been above 25 in the Hospital ship at the same time. Another house is erecting for a public school, where I pro- pose to put all Orphans, that they may be taken care till they are fit for going Prentices to Fishermen. I have employed a number of the French Inhabitants to square timber for Blockhouses, this will be ready to be ship- ped with any ])arty of Soldiers that may be sent to protect another settlement, or to raise any Fortification. I expect the Frame of the Church will be here next month from New England, the plan is the same with that of Mary- bone Chapel. I have thousand Sotllors from tho (\>lonii!s. I^ots in llalil'ax aro now worth 5()(Juinoas; ifthoru was no public monoy circulating;, Lots would bo j:;ivon tor a («allon ol Uuiu. Tho monoy is laid out in buildinu,- IA)rts, IJarracks, Storehouses, Hospitals, Ohurch, Wharf, Public) AWu'ks, all that soom absolutely necessary. Tho discroilit my Hills havo lidlen into ji;ivos mo groat uneasiness. So far as 1 can learn, thoso bills brought moro monev than any (Governments Hills over did before, not excepting those of tho Drdnanco. Not ono Hill was sold at IJoston under 1100 for 100, now nobody will take them. K vessel that waited at Hoston to bring mo monoy comes away without a Dollar. Merchants that owe thoir ibrtunos to tho public money, have refused to advance an olHcor em|)loyGd by me .£100 stg. upon my letter of credit. Unless tho credit of mv Hills is restoroil .£1:0,000 will not go further now than i::iO,000 tlid last year. Acct)rding to your Lordships directions, 1 this day dis* charged the two Apothecaries, Merry and Hooves^ and shall discharge some of tho Surgeons A- ]\lates that may bo spared. As for the Saw Mill, wo never had ono board from it. It has boon my constant plague from tho beginning, thirty men have been constantly kept there ever since tho allair ot the Indians. Gilman has behaved so ill that I shall entirely dis- miss him all service, lie has taken up .£900 St. in New EnghP'd without any Orders whatever from mo. 1 I ! laid in a quantity of Lumber in tho King's Yard this Spr , at a reasonable price ; for want of a Stock I have been sometimes obliged to pav X5 per m ; tho settlers havo paid X6. I have got them lately at £'S 10, X3 0, «fe 55 sh. No more boards are given to Settlers upon any account. As to the ai-ticle of Rum & Molasses, that chargo was in consequence of tho resolution of the Council of War. You mm^mm lUMFAX. cm ons, .750. l>iMuvry. ; not. a ut iny no Sot* Imi tUo m-od it, I'old or So It lo 1-8 luiiu'ivs; to }i;ivcn i;- KortH, ■ Public 10 g'voat ••ht nioro ore, not lk 8ol«l at luMu. S- lOH away s to tlio niployotl 10 croiUt ow than [lay (lis* s|)aro(l. 11 it. It li'ty nion oi the lely (lis- lin Now lird this ^'0 boon ivo paid 55 sh. It. was in You havo only to blnnn^ tlio bad I'rtMMMhMitH of l.oiUHbonr^ ; llio Hnni(< ullowiinro ^ivon there? wuh ('(mtiiMKMl \\i'n\ jo till Mm M'roops within tho Trovinco, and to Artidooin and oi'ton to liabourorM. What wan }>;iv(',n to tho Sotthii-H dnrinj^ tho Winter niontliH, Your liordslii)) will him? JVoni tho (.'onipiiny'H VoucIkmh which f>|iiUl b(\ m\\\l you. That iillovvfim-o w;ih out oW nonio liiuc! a^^o and will noviM' bo nMiowiid ; llu? (iniintity of A1(jI;ihmos in tho Oontraot wjim loo hu\s\\\ to answor any piirpoHo. Tho Kin}:;'H BrowhoUHo Ixmuj:; now rcioly, I propones to lot it to a p(Mson that will oblige- hiinsi'lC to lurnish \)cv.r to tho Sottlotnont, Mild to Holl it, to tho Settlors at no higher a rato than -d. per gallon, and for tho ns(i ol' tho houso tfeo. to [lay tli(i Public; ,C M) ])(;r annum. Tho (MK'IoscmI aC(;ount of oharp;(iH in iirniin;^ the, York Sloop, ('. ('obb, 1 Hond for your liordnhipH inspoelion, it being of h vory oxtraordiniiry naturo. It gave ino the, greitt<5.st conoorn to HOC HO Hjunh money thrown away HO rid iculously. *' * * I am, «feo., Tho fiords (^ommrs. Kl>. (JOJiNVVALLIS. i'or Trade it JMantationH. Minutes of Council at Halifax. At a Council held at tho (jovornorw on monday the 20th of May 1750. PllKSKNT — ITiH Kxcellcncy the Oovcrnor. John Horseman, John Salusbiiry, John (lorhain, Hugh Davidson, Benjamin Green, William Steel. His V]xcellency reprencnted to the Council that a grfiat many Persons had not built upon their Lots in town- -that Home of these Lots he hat and the paper* HALIFAX. 611 tnatce? er of lat a» \ hiia c(l iii bio to id im- at the len ho iomcnt 1 nem. he has the lot 10 shall 1750. ado and in Spnr- rd hia ired by n-dships ner you untry- soon a:? IILL. 1750. Ihe 19tb papov» therowitli transmitted whicli cnmo oxpross by the now Casco Sloop, your dispatching of which upon ho important an occa- sion is inucli to 1)0 connnondod. As tlio matters contained in this letter and the papers whicli accompanied it appcarcat he shall send two hundred and eighty and that half of them are already on board, and he gives us some hopea that he shall send over another ship this year. We shall write fully to you by the Nancy upon all other points that shall occur to us from your last letter or the pres- ent situation of the Province. So we bid you heartily fare- well and are Your very loving Friends &c. DUNK HALIFAX, J. GRENVILLK, C, TOWNSHEND. The Hon : Edwd. Corawallis, Gov. of Nova Scotia. Lords of Trade to Govr. CornwaUis, Whitehall, 14th June, 1750. * * ♦ * ^g -^e have as yet nothing positive to inform you of with regard to the resolutions of the Governmeat upon the present state of your Province, which however we hope BOOH to be enabled to do, we shall coufiiio ourselves in this HALIFAX. 613 11750. inform it upon re hope m thi9 letter to rucIi particulars as regards the general circumstanced unci condition of the settlement. When wo received your letter of the 19th of Marcli last we were very much surprised and disappointed upon not finding any accounts transmitted witli it of the great sums whicli have been expended in your Government as you assure us in your letter ot the 17th of October that they should be sent, we can im})ute our not having received them to no other cause than the neglect of your Secretary. ***** wtq inipute our not having the information we had a right to expect in many particulars very essential to our management of the affairs of Your Province nor any accounts with authentic vouchers, to the negligence of Mr. Davidson ; which circumstance alone would be sufficient to give us an ill opinion of his conduct were we not furnished with a variety of other strong reasons which it is our duty to mention to you at large. In our letter of the Second of April last we took notice to you of the insult offered by him to the Board by ordering Medicines for the Settlement from his private correspondent without consulting us. We told you we had been informed that he was engaged in Trade, pointing out at the same time what extreme inconveniencies would arise if any man in public office, especially one entrusted with public money, should be permitted to trade, and we hoi)e that upon this intimation you will directly put a stop to this practice, for the fact has been lately confirmed to us with many aggravating circum- stances. ****** Yfjl; 130 ^Y^Q j^g ^YQ iiave heard it is that the Publicans, numerous as they are, pay each a Guinea a Month for a License to Sell liquors we hope it has been done by your directions, and consequently doubt not but that the sum arising from this duty will be brought to account in alleviation of the general expenses. We take this opportunity of recommending to you in the most serious manner to discourage by every method in your power the immoderate use of Rum and other Spirituous Liquors so destructive of Health, Industry and Morals. Not having received any exact account of the state of the provisions we cannot judge whether there remains with yon a sufficient quan<^ity for the settlers now going. It appears by the return^ that there were victualled in November, 1895 settlers and 366 labourers at whole allowance which are equal to 549 settlers and make in all 2,444. We have no returns w 614 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. I later than November but we are informed that tlie number must be increased, because many have come to the settlement since that time and all settlers whatever are victualled at the public expense. It appears that the laborers have been victualled at the public charge tho' by your representation their wages have been very great. We find also that every settler whatever has been victualled, tho' your instructions expressly confine the benefit of Provisions to persons sent by His Maiosty's Order to the settlement, and it was not originally intended to include voluntary settlers, and we imagine you found this necessary, tho' for what reasons we are not yet informed. Mr. Townshend's Agent tolls us that Mr. Townshend has sent 130,000 pound weight of Bread and that you have bought 112,000 pound weight in all 242,000 pound weight, tliat yon did not begin to use Mr. Townshend's provisions till the 27tb of August and yet that this quantity of bread was to last only to the middle of April. The quantiiiy of Bread according to the contract sufficient for 3000 persons for the whole your is 160,000 pound weight, so that in eight months as much Bread within 18,000 pound weight has been consumed as ought to have served 3000 persons a whole year, tho' tho number victualled has been only from 1500 to 2450. As we have not yet had any satisfactory account of the Provisions, we desire to be informed what quantity of those shipped last year on board the Transports remained after the voyage ? How long they lasted? In what manner they were issued? When you began upon Mr. Townshonds contract? IIow his provisions have been issued and what remains of them? We should also know what quantity of Mr. Bakers provisions have come to vour liands and what has been done with them ? for we are apprehensive that some demand on this head will at last be made upon us. We have been informed that part of Mr. Townshend's provisions has been issued to the Sloops of War ; If this be true proper certificates should have been sent homo to him that he might have demriuded a like quantity from the victualling office, and replaced it to tho settlers. We have been informed that Mr. Davidson has forbidden the regular storekee-per to issue the Rum and Molasses, and that they are given out by another person under his direction ; and indeed we cannot help observing to you that the quantity of Rum charged in the imperfect Abstract of the expenses sent to Mr. :Kilbv appears to us to be very great. We must observe to you that Rum to tho value of X500 HALIFAX. C15 sterling cliarged in that account to have been sent to Annapo- lis where tliere are only a few officers and the Garrison (and they had just been indulged with an additional four j)cnce which the}^ never had before) seems to have been an immode- rate allowance : Surely the officers at least might have bought Rum out of their pay ; but admitting they could not 3000 Gallons will still seem a very excessive allowance for the small number of officers you have. The same may be said of the 15,000 Gallons of Molasses and the 10,000 of Rum consumed by the Settlers between July and December which surely seems more than could be wanted for the use of the number you had, all this Rum being over and above what thev are entitled to from the Contractor. We cannot agree with you in your proposal for making a settlement on the other side of Bedford Buy at the public expense for tliere is reason to expect that the public should be at no further charge in settling people at Halifax to which ns you inform us numbers are voluntarily resorting, and where there are sufficient inducements to draw them, trade being now open and the Fishery begun. * * *> * Your very loving friends, &c., DUNK HALIFAX, J. GRENVH.LK, C. TOWNSHEND. The Hon : Edwd. Cornwallis, Governor of Nova Scotia. Lords of Trade to Governor Cornwallis. . . Whitehall, ^j^_ . ' 26th June, 1750. We have received a letter from Mr. Dick dated the 27th June N. S., acquainting us that the Ship Ann, John Spurrier, Master, has sailed from Helvoetshiys with 312 foreign Protes- tants on board, a list wliereof we herewith enclose to you, together with a copy of Mr. Dick's instructions to the master of the ship. Mr. Dick in his letter acquaints us that there is a German gentleman on board, John Eberhard Klages, who is a man of Fortune and Figure in his own Country, that he has paid the passage of Sixteen people and a boy on condition that they are to give him their fifty acres of land each and to continue with him and cultivate it i ! 616 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. We recommend this gentleman to your particular counte- nance and regard, as you must be senHible tliat his favorable representation of his reception and the state of the settlement to his countrymen will bo a great inducement to others to resort to the Province and when the settlers who have engaged to convey their fifty acres to him shall have cultivated them according to their engagement Avith him we see no reason Avhy you should not make fresh grants to them. We dont doubt but you will receive all these foreign Pro- testants in general in the kindest manner as our procuring a large number next year will depend upon the accounts they send home. We find that Mr. Dick has desired Mr. Davidson to take upon him the management of his concerns and we desire that you will take care that affairs shall be so managed tliat Mr. Dick may not be a sufferer witli respect to the money which he has advanced for tliose who were not able to pay their own passage, as there may not be among the old settlers a sufficient number of Persons able and willing to take off such a number of Servants upon the terras of paying for their passage ; you may possibly contrive to lay down the money upon their engaging to work it out in the Public Avorks, and that you may even make use of this opportunity to reduce the exorbi- tant price of Labour. We cannot make any objection to Mr. Davidson's taking the 5 per cent wliich Mr. Dick offers him^ as this is in some degree a private transaction between them, but at the same time we must observe that in a public light it might be an encouragement to Mr. Dick who has acted in this affair with great diligence and spirit, if the Secretary was directed to transact this business as part of the duty of his office without Commission^ so we bid you hearty farewell, and are Your verv loving friends, DUNK HALIFAX. DUPPLTN, J. GRENVlIJiE. The Hon : Edwd. CornwalHs^ Gov. of Nova Scotia. Governs OM'^iwallis to LmxIs of Trade. ,, r Halifax, 10 July, 1750. My Lords, — f jf I am honored with your Lordship's letter of 2nd of April, iw^i^rsmmmm HALIFAX. G17 with Copies of your letter to His Grace the Duke of Botlford, and liis answer. I have likewise an account of the whole charft-es of tliis Colony last year, as laid before Parlianieut, amounting in all to £76,476 3s. lOd., of which £21,496 2s. 7d. was given mo in cash or paid by tho Agent for Bills drawn by me or m}'' order. Your Lordships also inform mo that the Parliament had voted £36,000 to pay tho exceedings, and a further Grant of £40,000 for the present year. A full and particular account of the money expended here shall be transmitted your Lordships at tho time you direct, and henceforth regularly twice a year. Li the meantime I send enclosed a general abstract of the sums paid here in every month since my arrival, and likewise a particular account of all money received, and of all Bills drawn on Mr. Kilby, with the savings upon the exchange on each particular Bill. I have begun to clear George's Island ; I propose to have some Block Houses upon it, and a good Battery. The Church which is now setting up will cost £1000 by the Estimate sent me from Boston. The barricade made last winter was only a temporary thing, there not being time in the fall to run the palisades. It is now removed, and the palisades carrying round tho Town. According to the Plan sent your Lordsiiips last year, this is a much better defence, and the barricade being composed of Logs and Brushwood was subject to take fire, and had once endangered the town. I enclose a daily return of Overseers, Artificers and Labour- ers employed in the several works, with their wages, their wages are intolerably dear, but no means hitherto tried to lower them has succeeded, and private men pay still greater. The Saw Mill has hitherto been rendered ineffectual, partly by the Indians, partly by Mr. Gilman's bad management. I have let it to one Mr. Clapham and hope at last to reap some benefit from it, biit by no means to answer the demands thero will be for some time for Boards and Planks &c. ; nobody hero has begun to make Clap Boards and Shingles. I know that great quantities of lumber and other materials were made away with in Winter, notwithstanding every pre- caution that could be taken, and till lately that the King's Yard was ready to receive them, it could not be expected that any Storekeeper could be accountable for them. Thirty thousand Bricks have n-oen burnt hero that prove 618 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. very good, but groat search lias been made in the Bay and Harbour for Limestones, without success ; these will continue this j'car a considerable article of expense, no less than 6 Hhds. of lime are daily expended at present, this a ^lerchant who has a groat stock in tho Fishery, has engaged to furnish at 25s. per Ilhd. Tho question then is, my Lords, whether to stop and re- nounce carrying on these Works and others equally necossary. (a Mooting for Dissenters, a Court House and Prison, and a powder Magazine) or if they are to be carried on how I shall raise the money necossary. Tho German, the French Protestants, and three hundred English of the better sort, that your Lordships propose to send this summer, will be a valuable a<;quisition to tho Colony. H your Lordships had not given directions not to mix tho french Protestants with the Inhabitants, I should have been apt to consider it in another light, and looking upon tho Refu- gees as trusty men have thought of mixing them with the French Inhabitants, in order to remove their prejudices in favour of a french Government and tho llomish faitli. I am, m taken into the Kings Works at tlio rate of 2s. pr. Day for arti- ficers and 12(1. pr. Dnyfor Labourers till tlioir freights be paid to the Government, that in the mean time the freight of the whole be paid to Mr. Dick, as the Board of Trade directs. Ordered, that the Commissary of Stores bo directed to give in Ecturns of the provisions in store, and likewise a list of the persons victualled. Resolved that the allowance of provisions be taken olf from all such as arc under no necessity — That ail such as refuse to Avork at the Kings price be struck off the Books. That all arrears due to Labourers in the King's Works be paid off. ED: CORNWALLIS. il At a Council held at the Governours on Tuesday the 11th ♦Sept. 1750, Present — His Excellency the Governour, John Horseman, Esq. Sir Danvcrs Osborne, Bart., Benj. Green, John Salisbury, Hugh Davidson, t William Steel. J Esqrs. Resolved, That a Proclamation be issued that Whereas the Years provisions promised by his Majesty to the Settlers sent from England to this Colon}' have been served, and there are Directions from the Ijords Commissioners of Trade and Plan- tations to discontinue the said allowance of provisions to such as came lust year, and there being no provision made for con- tinuing the said allowance — the Commissary of Stores 2, and the same year was acting A. I). C. to Genl. Alonckton in the Kxpedition against Martinique. He was afterwards hitter knct'wn as a General in the - American Uevolutionary Army. Sir li. Walpole, in a letter bearing date 1778, says tiiat Mr. Gates was the son of a Housekeeper of tiie Duke of Leeds, who married a young husband when old. Sir Robert was his godfatlier. — N. S. MS. Doc ; Murdoch's N. S. ; 2d voL, note p. 624 ; N. York Col. Doc. fSic. Cthey?J 628 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. your Lordshipa I neither intend to defend or protect liira furtlier tluin justice — I send him home to answer for his con- duct — he desires it indeed, but luvd lie not, your hist hitter concerning him wouhi liave convinced me of the necessity of it, he carries your Lordships the accounts to tho lOtli of thia month witli their proper vouchers, which I hope will provo satisfactory. I dont doubt but your Fiordships will approve of my sending him hence, though it is inconvenient to me, I had rather submit to it than that any body shoidd have it to say that I protected him, for if what is contained in your Lordships letter is proved against him it would have the appearance of protecting one of the greatest rascals living. My J jordt? I am no way attached to him nor desire he should stay one lour in his employ if ho docs not clearly satisfy your Lordships as to his behaviour, and beg you will dismiss him if proved guilty of any one of the facts alleged, on the other hand if he clears himself to your Lordships' satisfaction I hope you will establish him, as in justice I must say there is not a person I know more capable of executing the olHce he is in, and when I see the accusations against him most of which I know to be false, I have reason to hope all will provo so. There is one thing more, his haughty insolent behaviour to the people, since I have been here ; there is not a person from tho highest to the lowest has not had free access to me, at all times, wonderful that not one in all this time should have com- plained to me of his insolence. To the other part of your Lordships letter Captain Oilman has been dismissed some time, as I in a former letter acquainted the Board, and Captain Clapham manages the Saw Mill, the command of the Rangers given to Captain Bartelo a good olKcer and one I can conlide in he has both prudence activity and courage. Gorham has my leave to go home as he represents to me great sums are due to him lor raising and keeping up that Company before I came here, he has the King's Connnission though I think him no officer I can dismiss him. It gives mo great satisfaction to find your Lordships approve the manner in which the Courts of Judicature have been established and tho due administration of justice pursued. The Council were of opinion a Clerk of the Market would be necessary at least for a time till markets were settled. Your Lordships will consi- der how Clerks of tho Markets have been detrimental in the Military Governments: you mention if the Board thinks it not necessary he should be dismissed ; during tho time he acts particular care shall be taken to prevent abuse or undue pre- ierenco or partiality with respect to any person whatever. HALIFAX. 629 The only uneasiness your letter has created in me is that any person under me should have given even susi)icion of maipractise to your Lordships. Your writing to me so fully upon that head I take as a fresh instance of Friendship and regard you have always shewn mo and which I shall always acknowledge with the utmost gratitude. I am, &c., The Lordfl Commrs. ED. CORNWALLIS. for Trade & Plantations. Proclamation for Regulating the Market. (copy.) By his Excellency from tho Conse(]Uen(^es of it, it would perhaps be dangerous to under- take at an improper time, but which from the great Exponco of it ought not to be delayed a moment longer than is abso- lutely necessary. The great and happy Progress of the Fishery which Wo impute in a great measiire to your Diligence, and to tho Satislaction and I'hicouragement which the People lind inder your (Jovernment will ceitainly be a great means boih of fixing the Settlers you have and inducing others to come over to yon ; it will also bo no inconsiderable step towards opening a Trade betwixt Great Britain r.nd Nova Scotia by providing something within the Province to bo given in Exchange for the Manufactures it may n^ceive from hence ; but We must ftlso exhort you, without meaning to lessen the Utility of tho Fishery, to divide out the Lots of Land to Settlers as fast aa you can, and imploy tlnun in clearing their Lands, that every man may fall into a way of subsisting himself and his Fann'ly with the produce of his own Industry, Corn and Provisions bo raised in the Province, the Conununication extended, and some Advances made towards turning the soil and the Natural nrodiu't of the Country to the Advantage of the Colony itself, ilis Majesty's West India Settlements and the Mother Country. # # # # As the number of your People increases and the Settlement extends itself, you will do well as you enlarge your Police to keep strictly to the Principal and model of civil 038 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Govorment described in your Inatructions ; and great Satisfac* tion has already been expres!«ed liore in the Temper and Frame of that civil Government whicli yon have already Established. The illicit Trade which is now carried on between the North- ern Colony 8 and the ffrench, and the IForeign Settlements, which as you have experienced draws a great part of the money out of your Province, has been under the Consideration of this Board, and is now before Parliament; and Wo hope that it will be eflectually regulated by some future Act of the Legislature. * * # * Upon the whole Wo are in every Respect ex- tremely pleased with the Assiduity, Prudence, Firmness, Zeal, and ability with which you have surmounted the Difficultys, obviated the dangers and discharged the Dutys of your Situa- tion ; WIS it necessary Wo would exhort you to <• Mtinue the same Conduct for your own honour and tlu> Ii .(.Tost of the Province. Wo heartily wish you Success in your measures for securing the Province, for reconciling the minds of the neutral ffrench to the British Interest for bringing the Indians to a bettor agreement with you the Advancement oi iho Fishery and the Settlement of the Peninsula; but above all things. Wo earnestly recommend it to you as an Essential Point, without which all other Schemes for the fiM?' Success of your Undertaking are as nothing. Strictly and m^;" >bly to keep within the Grant of Parliament. Pul)lic Woikt; in an infant Colony are, AVe are sensible, very necessary for the convenience of the people, the officers of Government and for common security. We Avish all such Public Works done in Nova Scotia as fast as they can be prudently and consistently with the main service; but We are agaiyst all Such as can not be brought within the supply of the Year ; for neither publick buildings nor any other Work whatever can be so necessary for the future support of the (Colony, as the pre- serving the Kindness of Parliament for it, wliicih caiuiot bo preHt'r\'d, but i)y kee[)ing the Expences of it witliin what Parliament judges it convenient, prudent and proper for the Public to give. So We bid you heartily farewell and aro Your very Loving Friends and humble Servants, DUNK HAFdFAX, J. GRENVILLE, DUPPLTN, CflARLES TOWNSriEND, FRAN. FANE. Hon. Col. Cornwnllis Govr. of Nova Scotia. HALIFAX. 639 this Extracts from Minutes of Council. Halifax 1750-1. At a Council holden at the Governour's House on Monday Jnnuary 14th, 1750-1. It was ordered, that the Town and Suburbs of Halifax be divided into Eight Wards, and the Inhabitants be impowerd annually to choose the following Oflicers for managing such prudential affairs of the Town as shall be committed to their Care bv the Governour and Council, vizt: — Eight Town Overseers, One Town Clerk, Sixteen Constables, Eight Scavengers. B. Green, Sec : Cone : ED : CORNWALLIS. At a Council holden at the Governour's House on Saturday February 16th, 1750-1. Stephen Adams and Thomas Keys were cxamin'd before the Council, and found guily of having rep(jrted false news to the prejudice of this Settlement, and scandalous Lies of hia Excellency the Govr. — Ordered that sd. Adams and Keys be whipt each Twenty stripes, when his Exceily shall order the same to be inflicted. ED: CORNWALLIS. B. Green, Sec : Cone : |D, At a Council holden at the Court Chamber at Halifax, May 3rd, 1751. Present — Ilis Excellency (lie Governour, John Horsman, John Gorliam, Bonj : Green, John Salusbury, Wni. Steel, - Esqrs., Councrs. The following persona were examin'd \ipon the presentment of the Grand Jury, for selling spiritous Liijuors by retail with- out Licence, vizt. : ; ( 640 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Benin. Storer, who was convicted and ordcrd to pay to the Inforraer five pounds, the Council luiving thought fit for some Reasons to remit the other part of tlio punishment. Mary Unick, who confessd and was orderd to pay the penalty of Ten pounds, the whipping being remitted. Sarah Dale, who confessd, and was orderd to pay the penalty of Ten pounds, the whipping being remitted. John Potty, who confessd, and was orderd to pay the penalty of Ten Pounds, the Whipping remitted. James Follin, who confessd, and was sentencd to pay the penalty of Ten Pounds, and to be whipt. Skinner, who informed against himself, was orderd to pay Ten Pounds, one half to be to himself, as Informer, and to bo whipt. ED : CORNWALLIS. Benj. Green, Sec : Cone : At a Council holden at the Governour's House at Halifax on Monday May 27th, 1751. Present — His Excellency The Govr. Jno. Horseman, Jno. G or ham, Benj. Green, 1-Councrs. Jno. Salusbury, Wm. Steele, Advis'd that his Excellency issue the following Proclama- tion, vint., Whereas Complaint has been made to me, that some persons within this Settlement, make a practice of demanding an ex- orbitant price for fresh fimi by them exposed for sale — I have thought tit with the advice of his Majesty's Council to issue this proclamation hereby forbidding all persons to demand or receive for any fresh fish by them exposed to Sale within this Settlement, any greater sum than Six pence for every such fish of thirty inches long and in the same proportion for auv larger, or less, upon the penalty of Ten shiligs for such oftcnce, to be paid to the Informer upon conviction by the In- former's Oath before any Justice of the peace. ED : CORNWALLIS: Which proclamation was published accordingly. HALIFAX. 641 llama- jrsons in ex- have issue lud or \\ this such ■ auy sucn lie In* IS: Gov. Cornwallis to Lords of Trade and Plantations. (copy.) Halifax, 24 June, 1751. My Lords, — I am honoured with your Letter of tlio 22nd of Marcli. I shall endeavour to follow your Lordship's example by an- swering each article and finish by giving your Lordships as clear and as distinct an account of our situation as possible. The not being able to send home the accounts in so regular a manner as I hoped for gave me the utmost concern ; this was occasioned by Mr. Davidson's not having double vouchors ; this I was not aware of when I wrote your Lordsliips vouchers should be sent, and T did not care to detain him as I might not have had an opportunity cf '■vjnding him by tlio +ime you pressed for the accounts--! could not part with the vouchers and I thought it less necessary as the Council had examined them and pointed out the failures — this disappointment deter- mined me to fall upon the method now followed, that it might not happen again, and I am glad it meets your Lordships ap- probation — No man living has felt more anxiety and jmin upon account of the great oxceedings upon the votes of Par- liament; but upon my word My Lords the service is so great and extensive so different from what could be thought of at first setting out, that I dont wonder but am greatly concerned at it — At firrit setting out it was said what has he to contend with 3 or 400 Indians only, it is peace and no otlier enemy to fear, had this turned out to have been the case I should have been ashamed und confounded to have made such exceodings, 1 should have been ashamed not to have given you an account of the iiitire establishment of this Province ere this, and that every sottler was well employed cither in the Fishery, some clearinj^ their Lands, others ploughing and sowing in as good lan«l as there '.;s in Europe, but how far different has been the case your Lordships well know ; the French have not only set on the Indians but have acted in conjunction with them they have entered and took possession of part of the Province drove off the Inhabitants forced them to swear allegiance to the French King and in short acted with as much vigour and done as much harm to us as they could iiave done in open War ; this being the case the expense is not to bo wondered at but however My Lords I shall always pay just and due regard to your remonstrances. I shall desist from furthc;r works tho' with regret as I am not conscious of one man being employed 41 642 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. thit is not oBBential. The taking possession at Cobeqnid I must postpone, carrying further works on at Cliigncoto, and will ondoavonr to retrench in every particniar. 1 could have wished I had known your Lordships' pleasure sooner as I am afraid I have already gone too far : when I come to relate the situation of the Province I am persuaded you will think it impossible to save upon the Military unless it arises irom what I am sorry to inform your Lordships of uncomploteness of the Rangers — I had officers all winter in New England and could not got twenty men. I am endeavouring to got a Com- pany from Now England but that wont exceed the entimate, as if I luckily got them it will not amount to the number allowed : the next thing is as to Lime Stone that there may be and I believe certainly is Lime Stone in parts of the Pro- vince but at such a distance it will not save much and the number of Lidians in the Province makes it difticult and dan- gerous to go without parties of Soldiers, and I have none to spare — however I give strict attention to every hint your Lordships give and will make what trial I can. I acquainted you before I had tried all places near and ofl'oroil a reward of Fifty pounds. The next is as to foreign i)rotestant8; 1 wish to God tli<.»y come in time, it will bo impracticable to settle thorn at Chignecto for reasons I shall give your Lordships when I come to the state of the Province at Minas. I believe I may and that is my intention nono that have received materials upon change to a ditlerent part of the Province sliall receive again as they may dispose of them or mjike an Exchange. I am pleased with the Contract you make with the Swiss it may be a means of still lowering the price of labour a circum- stance I attend much to. The next is as to victualling, — you may depend upon my putting as few as possible upon the Books. As to the Military 1 hope jmd believe the Officers will be satisfied to part with their allowance of Provision tho' they had it at Louisburgh and fire allowed them ; this I have hitherto staved off hero both for Officers and Men ; at tho other Forts necessity obliged it; now I am upon this article I must observe to your Ijordships what will surprise yon and what I should be loth to relate if every body Irm'o could not attest tho' we are surrounded with Wood the Lihabitants pay from fourteen to sixteen shillings a cord for firewood which is amazing ; this I fear must be allowed if the other emolument ceases. # # # # # I am &c. ED: CORNWALLIS. HALIFAX. 643 dl and lave nra the .k it trom ness I and Corn- mate y mber ) may , Tro- d the I dan- )no to , your aintod rard of vish to e them ivhen I may to rials ocoive It may lircum- you on the )«icev8 on tho' I have at the article u and fild not is pay hich is uraent LIS. At a Council holden at tho Governour's House at nalifaz on Thursday July 11th, 1751. Present — His Excellency tho Governour. Col. Horsman, Col. Gorham, B. Green, J. Saluabury, W. Steele. Esqrs., Counclrs. His Excellency the Govr. acquainted the Council that appli- cation had boon mado to him for Liberty to erect a Di.stilling house, on tho Lot of Mr. Fairbanks within this Town ; and desir'd their Opinion whether it might be convenient to suffer such house to be erected in that place. Tlie Comicil liaving taken it into Consideration, and con- sulted the Laws of the other Colonies, relating to the erecting such houses within Towns &c., wore unanimously of opinion, that it will be dangerous and inconvenient to suffer any Dis- tilling house to bo erected upon the said Lot, or in any place within the picketted Lines of tho Town of Halifax. His Excellency communicated to tho Council a proclamation which he |)roposed to issue, to oblige persons havg Lots in this Fown and the Suburbs thereof, to build upon and improve the same, within a limited time, upon penalty of forfeiture thereof, wh. tho Council unanimously approved of. '^is Excelly. informed tho Council of the arrival yesterday of a number of palatine Settlers, and desird their opinion of the best method of disposing of them, Tho Council were of opinion That it would be most convenient to land them for the present at Dartmouth, and employ them in picketing in the back of the sd. Town. ED: CORNWALLIS. Governor Cornwallis to Lords of Trade and Plantations. Halifax, 4th September, 1751. My Lords, — * * * * As tlioro is to be a conference at Georges in New England with the Indians, I have taken that oppor- tunity to try if an accommodation could bo brought about, and bavo empowered Colonel Masoarene to act in behalf ol 644 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. this Provinco ; by tlio behaviour of the Indians lately, I have some glimmering of hopes. The St. Johns have already ac- copted a bolt of Wampum, which is a token of accommoda- tion, this I am obliged to do by way of Now England, as there is no coming at them from this Provinco, there is a visible alteration in the behaviour of the French at Minus and Pizi- quid ; thoy have this year cultivated well their land, and have great crops, a quantity of Corn to dispose of over ' \\ y .V^^ k v^^ 4^ ^ ;v c?. .

i3 |it any ' may li any |)U loot lusc at halifa::l 649 or near Cape Sambrough, (wliorel;/, besides the advantages before mcntiond,) a consider rble nuinber of Settlers will be usefully employd for some time, and a great & lasting Benefit to the province bo gaind, by a voluntary Tax upon those persons (amongst others) who at present contributed nothing towards the Expence of the Government, Avluse pro- tection & favour they enjoy. Scheme of a Lottery for Raising £450 towards building a Light-house at or near Cape Samborough: — The number of Tickets to bo 1000 at £3 each, .£3000. The number of Benefit Tickets to be 200, vizt. .* 1 Prize of .£500 £500 1 Ditto of 300 300 2 Ditto of 100 each 200 5 Ditto of 50 each 250 10 Ditto of 30 each 300 40 Ditto of 10 each 400 140 Ditto of 7 each 980 1 The first drawn 70 200 prizes. £3000 Fifteen per cent to be deducted from the fortunate Tickets, and the remainder to be ])aid, without any other Deduction, to ye possessors of the s(h Tickets, as soon as the drawing shall be over — To be drawn publickly in the Town House, at Hali- fax under the Direction of managers to be appointed by his Excelly. the Govr. as soon as all the Tickets shall be disposed of. and in case the said Tickets shall not be all disposed of, before ye 31st Augt. next, the money reed, for any sold to 1)0 repaid to the possessors thereof on Demand. ED: CORNWALLIS. a public |)iini)r of ]yoiirs to Sunset, l\!ave been ivho now 1-i 1 1 1 Females 1 3 2 6 5 1 6 9 . . . . 9 2 2 5 6 10 4 2 6 6 10 HALIFAX. North Suburrs - -- ( Continued.) 651 Heads of Families. CD ,_• pH r^ to 2! I-H U s: i ■§ o 13 :3 •g tn 5 tn I ■« ?. ^ 1 Joliii Toiig'uc Sannu!l 'J'iinner Saiiiuol Chandlur George f^fuulers John ('Iiristian Miillillie . . Ernst Prci)or Cliristoj)lier Flarness Charles liohiiis Ezekial Wildman Walter ^[otlev Charles Christ Peter Schahlan Peter Mozar John lloilens Peter Wayte Tlioinas I fay Jacob Cheney John Jones Mary liirin Charles King John Porter Joseph Pratt Daniel IJrewcr William Ifunstable Benjamin Storcr Jasi)er Battel Ulrich Dithoo Hars. Ceo. Kohl Josejih Chadwick Christoj)her AVarner Jolni Christoi)her Rodoph. Jolin Jiiirger Erad John A. Le Aland Ludovick Sc-hnerr 3 o H 2 1 1 • • • 2 1 1 . • • ( 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 o 1 2 3 1 3 1 i 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 . . . . 1 1 it 6 1 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 G 1 3 1 .... 4 1 2 2 1 139 75 42 63 4 4 3 6 8 4 6 4 5 4 7 2 10 5 3 3 6 3 5 5 7 3 3 8 7 4 2 4 3 3 1 7 8 6 309 5i ■i' C52 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Swiss and Germans in the North SunuRiJS. n' Heads of ramllics. Clis. Ludk. llagelsieb John Petor Taliii Michael Brior Laiiveiiz IJiicgler. , . , Leoiihard Urich Jacob ('rat't AVcndal Rainjcr George Sturch Peter Klattenlnirgor . Michael Cloiiser Michael Morash Jacob Schmidt Joseph Ley Jiurthel IJans Jacob Moser Conrad Hall Jacob Hall Joseph Hley Michael Ley Elizabeth Werner . . . Magdalen Orell JiJenediet .^^ayho^cr . . Andreas Kalb Adam Hnndl Ulrich Seeger Daniel Schumaker. . . John Jacob Schmidt, Adam Luty Conrad Mncher GodiVied Kontz Peter Lawner GodlVied Torpel . . . . Jacob Tanner Johannus Bnhofer . . , George Nagel d '-D 7-t to o u Q> o U -3 > ^ CJ a O ^ •a 3 cs c s ■£ a B to to 2 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 o o 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 ^ 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 o 2 1 I 3 1 i 1 1 4 1 1 2 3 o H 5 4 4 12 3 3 4 3 5 3 5 3 3 7 8 3 5 5 3 3 2 7 1 3 2 2 6 5 5 6 2 3 IIALIPAX, North Suburbs ~ ( Continued,) 653 m^ 'O rH t^ U '3 a 3 V rS S 3 V o !^ H 2 5 1 4 1 4 3 12 1 3 • • • • 3 1 4 . . . . 3 1 5 . . . . 3 1 5 3 . . . . 3 > • • • 7 4 8 1 3 5 1 5 .... 3 o o w u 9 . • • . ^ • - 3 3 2 4 7 1 3 2 2 i 6 • • • * 5 5 2 6 2 ... 3 ilciids of Families. Ollllg- Rudoljili Pcnso Adam Wanibolt Potor AVamboIt Rnchart Schiip Micliael lTa<^-g- Michael Gimbc Adatu Bulilei Androa.s \ i>eriiio-or Caspei- IJickman Hon rick Oxnor Jean .Mango Casper Loiirj- Peter E.stnianii Jolianiius Ljiius Loiii Eon ton. Casper Ti'iDian' Aiigu.stin \Yo\i' Anton JJalttr. . Matthias Na^-el Fran ci ska Sdinido Liidwig Kooni'r. Nicholas Wolf'^. [ Johannes Schroedcr Joiiannes Loostcn Utrick Klett . Maria ^Schlittor. . Johannns Miller. Johannes Hoaif George v^)glcr Jacob Paul us. Conrad.' Werner Mat he us Finer.. Andres 8ronnagei Jacob IT('ish.. ■.•■V ::i ;'^il 1> ■I ■if- i 'I 654 • NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. North Suburbs — ( Continued.) Heads of Families. 1 tn 0^* ■/t I' 1 to if r-l 9 1 1 1 Gcoi s2'c Pollcber 1 1 5 3 1 2 2 6 4 2 1 1 5 2 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 o 1 2 3 1 ') 2 2 I .... '3 1 2 ?, Chi'istiiin Finis 5 Gtitloil) Si'IiennullGr 8 Adiuii Scluiiidt 7 Christian Porl'ek 4 Christian Efnst . 8 Frederick Aureiigburg 2 2 8 Nicholas E<;'gly HetP'ick Knhn 7 6 Ulriek Sehenekill , 2 1 .... 8 Jacob Shall'houscr 9. tTohannes Siniou 5 Asnuis Did 7 Jacob Soorrv , ' r "i 1 4 Adam J uiiii; , 7 Joliaiiu JuiJg 7 Gl 41 13 '2(\ 141 South Suburbs. Marv l?ancG 1 1 1 1 1 1 '3 1 2 ' ' * ' 3 Thomas Ijatham 3 11 1 4 3 4 1 5 4 Jonathan Prcscott * ] 1 1 r 1 •1 1 1 "2" 13 Joseph Kent Ednuuid Crawlev + 3 7 John Wiiiiton William Trefoy 5 .5 Darby Cavanaugh Edward Lush 7 7 Alice TwvH}'^ 9, James Ridder 4 2 4 John Ci'ooks 1 2 . . . 5 ♦ Fatlicr of the lute Hon. Cliarlcs Proscott. t Afterwards member of Council. 2 a 5 1 8 2 7 4 3 2 8 7 6 1 8 2 1 5 7 4 1 7 1 7 i 20 141 3 4 13 3 1 7 1 5 5 2 7 7 2 4 5 HALIFAX. South Suburbs — ( Continued.) Heads of Farailieg. James Hickoiis Janios Pierpont John Shippey Peter, a negro John Call.. Ruth Wheeler Joseph [farris Richard Peirie Francis Coburne . . . . Charles Terlaven Darby Sullivan John Jackson Greg'or}' Ives Samuel Sellon Isaac Uiiderdunk. . . George Featherstone Maurice Welsh Andrew Shepperd. . . William Mallus Phillip Ilannnond. . . , Soh)mon Reed Joseph E\*ans John Walker Thomas Nunan George Knox Joseph Gullison Jason Chapman Rebecca Baldwin... Richard Manning. . . James Cane Dennis HiiTernon. . . William Wickham. . . John Rider Josiali Marshall Joseph Pierce .,'i^' fj '^ i-i u o k .c 3 o rt § 9 •§ S s a & .Toliii Stool 4 o o • > 3 o 2 2 4 12 3 3 o 7 Jkliil;t';liv Suitor 1 *rf 8 i/ Cliui'los Ivjinior 3 Jei'omiiili Ivuii'ors 1 7 *'Potoi-, Miininis D'Conti Sc Gruviuii. . Saumol (.'lovi>laii(l 2 1 o '> o IG 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 r 1 2 1 1 1 1 o o 1 4 Richard (Iniliaiu 4 William Nosbitt 7 Isaac Knott o 1 "\ 1 o . 1 1 3 ■■3" 3 2 2 4 .... 9 ami 1 i 1 1 1 1 ') "1' 1 1 1 •> 3 1 1 r 2 31 Daiiiol Tappuoii . , llaiinah lltitcliinsuu 4 9, Isaac IJassot 8 Thomas Chu'ko 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 2 5 4 Rolicrt Davis 4 AVilliam Lawson 5 John I'jUstaco . ^ John Millor 5 Jamos G'rimos John Griflin Josej)h ^loliany 4 G 5 Jusiali Cloveland Folix MoMohan 5 4 Josiali Nottaj.!;o G Malhow MuUons lIiMii'v For^'usoii 10 J(Vin Gam|)boll 4 E/^okiah Av(M'il O 1 8 Thomas Ilardin Thomas i\Iag'^'GO 7 Robert Bi'(.)oks 2 Jamos Jordan 4 John Poor Thomas Latiib 5 6 o H * \ Siciliiin Nobleman, wlio camo wkli a niinilifr of Settlers from the West Indies—llo was afterwiuds a Lieutonant of oiiu of the Companies of Hangers. HAT-trAX. C57 ^ODTit Sununns — ( Continued.) i o H O 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o ■J 1 o • ) 1 1 1 O 7 8 3 7 2 9 4 7 31 4 o O 4 4 5 o ^ 5 4 G 5 o 4 6 6 10 4 8 •* o 7 2 4 5 6 j)m the West lot' Hangers. Ucu()s of fiMiiilici. Tlionias Tollicnt. Johi; liarrv. . . . iMiiuiico Driscall JoliaMornllov... Jicnjainin Cliild . William Wallace Jciliii ^rurphy. . . , Ileurv Riai»y . . . , Will lam I'et on David C arm or . . Patrick Mahoiiy. Samuel Fulton . . eimivS Sullivan, D Stephen Wisdoms. . . . llicliard Bartholomew Calalian Cornelius Crowley. . , . Nathaniel »Millett. . . > . Peter Wallace •John 81ayter ]\rartin Ludovif^ John Wiisdom George (yhcshire Georg'o Featherstone . Richard v^parks Jacob Ilurd William Williams Jedidiah Harris Abraham Slaytcr Richard Winter John Arbuckle Perfect Miller Mary Miller Samuel Greenfield. . . Moses Clarke 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 I 1 1 3 1 2 3 3 2 3 1 1 3 I <6 ^ u r^ ■3 4 s i 3 a B i ii •) •> 1 1 3 1 3 2 3 3 7 3 2 r> 2 3 2 3 3 8 3 3 6 3 1 I 1 3 4 3 3 3 5 r> 5 3 8 4 2 2 3 42 05ft NOVA SrOTFA DOCl.^MRJrm fcfoLJ'i'ii SuuuuHS — (Continual.) t ilmdi* of IfanilHes. ■Willi "Will mil iaiii lioiiias I); uiic 1 Kicliiird Daniel T- James F Niithatiii Aaron P Jaeolms William JosliuaC ias Oi El ]{i Diuii CI eliar<| larles JonatliiU AVilsoii I I'a trick Aaron (' Jaines ^ Samuel ' AVilliani Ann We Joseph J 31ieliael Joseuli ennis in D Jol 3Irs. Til ;Micliael Peter ^ John G Nichola vis 1 .Matili(!\vs 1 ( 'hi'istopher 1 Walker ] Tills 4 Williams 1 '^irrel T) ullerton 1 A ^Mason 1 orter 4 Derkindrekin 1 S-(!\\'ar(l ,') )i'ne (; rott a AN oilman >hatlonl 1 Ileiiflerson i) 11 Harris ') lackson 1 (^imbell 8 loveland 1 ^[oiik •l Crafts. . 7 lliissel 05 Mimaii in orph Palmer in the Naddow .... Ill house hospital • • * • 21 1 Gorrish 27 ^lehanev . . 1 onway 1 Lvlor Lawlor T [nrpil 1 allaiit 1 17 s Xa"2;ler 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 «s <6 V oi U If 5 £ i 1 1 a M *« iS & 1 1 2 4 11 I 4 5 2 8 4 1 4 2 G 6 5 3 4 G 3 5 5 8 6G 19 22 1 28 2 6 1 2 3 21 5- HALIFAX. C50 J^ouTii Sununns — Conthmcd. 3 4 5 2 8 4 1 4 2 G G 5 3 4 G 8 6G 11 1 10 09. 28 G 21 Within the Town of ITalivax. <6 * f-H i6 d pm > r-l ^ lU'iuls of Kiinillic», a > 1 1 "2 3 c S s 1 .t* 1 <;^ R f*i "^ (m 1 Swiss 1 1 1 o 1 J-osiah Bracket •i Thomas J'ower 11 14 o •> n t 8 2 O 2 1 1 1 1 1 h' 2 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 in Joshua Clanger William Stoolo, Esquire liouiamin (^ovrish 20 4 4 Xlol)oi't Cowoy Abiaail Ward 1 1 ' r 1 • 1 • • 1 1 .... 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 11 William Austin 1 1 1 1 1 3 *j 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 5 8 3 Thomas ^lattorson 3 FrodiM'ick IJeeker 3 William Scliwartz Isaac Peschamps 4 Madam D'Pacquct John JJrowu 5 LewMs Pierce 4 Thomas Fidford 2 Thomas Grenoak 2 G Leonard Lockman * 9 William Ford 4 John Johnstone 1 I 1 1 1 3 4 Thomas Luke 4 Leonard Cotton 10 William cfe Edward Nichols 3 * Leonard Lockman was a German. In early life he practised medicine. He afterwards held the rank of Major in the Army, whicl. he received for services rcntlered to the British Government. He came out with the Settlors in 1749, and eventually settled in the North Suburbs. lie died at Halifax, and was buried beneath the old German Church in Brunswick St. where his monument. «till remains. Lockman St. wa« named after him. CGO NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENrg. Within the Town — (Continued.) Ilewls of Families.- .2 •3 & a 5 o James Brenock, Thomas Oakcs . . Mr. Whevlancl.. John WcHonoii (Welleiior?) Thomas Prico Vcnion Moroliehl Joliii J>i-own Allen Usher Jeremiah Fitzsimons Daniel McClyatcr. . . John Panier Peter Anchote lolni Aul )ony, David Loyd Thomas ^anl .... Alexander Keddy Jane KiiiLrht .... iJ William i>rew • John Marlow Jacob Cono George Twelve's wife. John William IlolVnian Mr. Surget , James Fitzgerald o^ James Stewson latnes Red Call man, )e(' Alexander Aborcrombie John Baxter Giles Harris William Pierce Edward Luky . James PatHeld . Widow Clerk. ., William Davis . . 1 1 1 1 3 i 3 2 2 2 7 1 10 1 1 1 2 o 2 1 1 I 1 3 1 1 1 o 1 1 ') 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 o I 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 9. o 1 1 2 1 o 1 2 . 1 '4 3 5 3 5 7 2 6 7 3 4 10 2 11 3 2 o O 2 5 3 3 3 2 2 1 5 1 4 6 5 3 2 1 3 HALIFAX. 6C1 Within the Town — (Continued.) t iS 1 4 2 3 5 3 5 7 2 6 1 7 3 4 10 2 ... 11 a 2 s ... 2 1 5 2 3 S 1 3 2 2 1 5 1 1 4 1 6 5 3 2 1 3 Heads of Fiunilies. Melony John Hteinford OeorgG Suckling Alexander Allen .... Widow Henry , Thomas Frost Ephraini Cook by Mr. Brown James Colvill Thomas Moore Jose])li ^Maseen , Edward Potter \ China IJrownjohn. . . , Francis Lock Daniel Stewart Richard Bowers .... Robert Grant John Stockly Edward ^larguin . . . George Greenwood James Smith John Collier, esq. . . . William Piggott. . . . William l^e.st William Henderson,. Anne Woodside John Conner Richard Barry William Heyslup. . . . John I'etr. De IJrace John Kaet John Mnndy Richard Stritton. . . . Jose))h Churchill. . . . Laurance Collins. . . . o V o h •a t- (U a o ■5 s ■s s a 3 m T a J? e S 1 12 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 o 1 1 o 7 G 3 2 3 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 1 o 1 2 '> Ad 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 o 1 4 1 1 1 1 o 1 1 1 o 4 1 1 3 3 2 2 2 16 6 5 O 4 3 4 8 3 6 5 5 3 5 4 15 11 5 5 4 G 7 4 2 6 4 2 3 60)2 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Within the Town — (Continued.) A 'ti Heads of ramilics.. d s a 1 d rt 'f "a a d 3 to 1-4 U V, 5 i 1 Joliii Ilumplircys 1 1 6 1 1 7 3 4 2 1 1 3 4 2 2 1 1 4 1 «j 3 1 5 1 1 1 o 1 1 5 O 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 Jos(3i)]i Cooisliton 7 Ebouczor Pottev fi Robert Bowdcn 9, Thomas Nowinaii 2 11 William GrifFm 3 Jainos Eustoii 4 Thomas JTagaii Thomas ^rannen •" .... 2 3 Edward ]>utlor John Grant . 5 Edward Orpin ... John Vintcnon 5 9 Thomas IJranhani ?. llenrv Wilkinson o 1 1 *^ 1 4 William Wrio-ht 5 Honrv AVvnn Paul Pritchard 4 Alexander Forbes '2 William White r> John JFall 5 Thomas Wilder 5 Thomas Greensword 2 Georijfe Nelson 2 Robert Parl'eet , . . . . William McCarty 3 John Ewes 1 .... 1 2 James Airth 3 James Fallon William Johnson 8 3 Thomas Cam[)i)ell 1 '2' 3 3 James I'orter William Vanlelson 1 i 1 3 James Ford 3 7 RobiM't Fnu^man 7 HALIFAX. €G3 Within the To\Yyi — (Continued.) ! H 8 7 ) 6 2 i 11 3 4 2 3 2 5 5 2 , 2 4 5 1 6 1 4 2 2 6 5 5 2 2 3 3 8 3 3 I 1 G .! 3 1 ) , 7 ) 7 Il.'ads of Familieg. John V* oodon. William Roacock , Peter Parkman . . Matthew IT()])kins . , James Douglass John Meeds Mary Robertson Mary AVilliams Nathan Nathans George Taylor Patrick Furlong. . . . . John Slayter John Ker John Clcwley Garret Mead Charles Mason Matthcsy ^IcNemara George Frank John Webb Robert Ewer Peter ISrartin ]\Iichael Mullineaux. , Thomas Reeye John Bohanan Ray , Euste. Butter , Thomas Golden William Williams .. . , Edward Lee James jiannerman . . , Richard Bulkoley . . . John Franks Christopher Cooke. . Robert Dickie , Joseph Waketiold . . . o o (-( r-* o . ■^ t— 1 »~" o "5 ■d y •§ S s 73 '13 7S ■3 S o u ■D *^ '■^ ''• fM 1 1 1 5 5 o O 2 1 o 8 2 3 o 1 1 14 1 1 1 1 1 o w 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 •> o 2 1 2 9 1 4 O 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 o O 5 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 i 1 2 1 1 3 7 4 2 6 1 3 3 5 4 3 .5 2 10 4 5 5 4 1 15 5 G 2 5 3 3 4 2 7 3 5 4 G G 4 'i;.il'ji ^■P |!j CG4 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Within the Town — ( Continued.) hii: ileaJs of itiiniUes. Tliomas Bryunt . . . Edward LH.'nis . . . Lawrence lion . . . . John Fenly William Walker... Mr. Jiruco Thomas Rundal . . . Wig-ol IMark Cullymore, . . Nathaniel Gostbrd John Naymors . . . . Bavis Townscnd . , John Cleary John Kent AYiliiam Crafts Rosana Scott .... Patrick IJritt AVilliam IJoarsto""' Josoi)h Ford. ... William Eaton . . . James Tate Samuel S[)ra}::;no . Stephen McKine . » to »..* rH «t O 5 •3 o a o ;a a ^ 5 a 5 •3 a it 1 & 1 a 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 o Am 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 S 1 1 1 1 1 3 9 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 1 9 1 1 3 9 2 3 3 2 T 5 1 3 2 2 4 3 4 8 4 4 5 7 5 5 6 7 3 1 6 Within the Pickets f of Halifax. James Vickars 1 1 1 1 1 1 a Joel Waterman 1 1 4 Catherine Austin 1 Andrew Maxwell 4 1 6 * Ciiptiiin in the army. + Between Buckingham street anil tho present Blowers street. HALIFAX. WiTiriN THE I'lCKET^-fConimued. 665 3 o 2 T 5 1 5 2 2 4 a 4 8 4 4 5 1 7 5. 5 6 7 S 3 1 1 6 2 1 4 • >. • 1 1 6 ; llcuds of Families, John Gaffer Liiko Sliippoy Henry Sweetland Jolmatliaii Markham Francis Porter. , Mattliow Corker. ..'.""' * I . Tliomas Landerkin Griffin Jenkins Mary Hollowell Edward Castle. Mrs. Whitehand John Crowley Philip Knaut Storkor Xelsoii John Lowry .... Joseph Scott . . ." Israel Abrahams Thomas Ames Thomas Dame . . J^enjamin Lee Mary Cooper. . Michael Sexton George Popplewell John Beswick John South ,. Richard ITollis Mr. Reynolds . . James 'Whellon 'V^/illiam Giles. Frederick Barley Ezekial Budd Josiah ITardv. JohnEdmundson. James Thompson Marv Webb ! 'r Jill rw GGQ NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Within the Pickets — (Continued.) Heads of Vainiliea. !4 ■3 5 S Timotliy Cane James Bavnlield James ]]abrig Isaac Solomon James Thorp , Samuel Bluckden Elizabeth Gunnel Eleanor Cannon Thomas AValker , Charles .Nlorris Josiah ^lillckin John Cod man Lewis IJays William Moore Williaii) Cannon Samuel McClure Henry Fielding Patrick Kennedy , John Walker Benjamin Fogg Wiliium Foye Otis Little Hugh Vans Lewis Triquct Joseph Antunis Benjamin Green, esqr. H. J. Obrien Bartholomew Kneeland Joseph Fairbanks James Fillis John lions Joseph Rous John Greensword William Fury Debters in gaol ■11^ I II laiiii ■!■■ ■ !■— ■? Till II mil ■!»■■! 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 5 o 2 2 4 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 4 3 4 o •) o o o ^ 9 1 2 4 17 3 19 1 1 2 1 1 o 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 o 1 2 4 o l" 2 2 2 1 1 "4" 2 4 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 > • I 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 3 3 5 3 3 9 3 2 5 8 3 2 5 5 2 5 3 5 5 5 G 8 4 5 5 9 7 3 10 2 9 7 21 6 19 HALIFAX. 6(J7 Within the Pickets — (Continued.) 1 1 s ^ 1 3 3 .... 5 1 3 1 3 4 9 2 3 1 2 1 5 1 8 3 2 5 5 2 1 5 1 3 1 5 5 1 5 6 1 8 4 5 1 5 1 9 2 T 3 .. 10 2 2 9 ... 7 . 21 1 6 19 Heads of Families. d ?— I fO o »-+ 1-) 4> c Ih > 1 (A a CO a» Ul :^ 1 s P>t a a Criminals William Falkner , 8 1 i3 5 8 2 On Several Islands and Harbours Employed in the Fishery. On Corniuallh Island. Capt. Joseph Rouse 4 7 5 IG 32 10 6 3 Capt. Alaiiger .... . . . . Capt. Cook Bradsliaw 1 .... At Ketch Earhour. John Grace , 1 2 1 Capt. Gill Brown 2 1 At Samhro Island. Capt. !Mattcr«on 19 21 1 4 1 X 2 .... Thomas Youngston 1 1 At St. MargarcVs Bay. Benjaraiu Frog 22 10 13 1 5 2 1 1 2 1 James Ford Adam Clown 1 1 Allen At Cross Island. ^Vy. Randal S. Crawley 29 3G 2 1 1 1 Tl 668 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Labourers Employed in His Majesty's Works on George's Island. Heads of Families. > a 1 i rH 0) -§ 3 (A rH U en C 1 3 llicliard Reeve 1 1 1 1 a Tlioniiis Leak 3 Patrick Hamilton ■L 1 1 9, Coriieliua Larig'an 2 Lal)onrcrH 11 .... . . . .... 11 At the Block House & the Isthmus. Adam Scliafiicr 2 1 "l B Jacob Soloer 1 1 3 Jolianiies Frederick Petor ^loeser 2 2 Kicliard Yolekcr 1 Adolpli rionokel 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 1 fi Philip Kropsf Casper Meisner 4 Johaiinus Hoars 1 Henrich Hiltz Ilenrick j\[ertz 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . . . 1 4 2 Joliaiina Mao'dalena Girtler "2' 1 1 2 1 3 ]MarG;ai-otta Hoars 5 Philip Spanna^-el 4 4 Iilichaol Westhoefer 3 Wilhelm Wensell 2 5 Johannes Forrokncr 2 Ferdinand Shultz . . . 1 1 1 3 Christian Schmidt Johannus Schnok 3 3 C]iristoi)lior Schafner. 2 Lorentz Conrat 2 1 8 Jacob Brande, 2 Philip Winter Johannus Ivnaut 2 . . . . 2 HALIFAX. 669 George's At the Block House uo 1 ll 1 (ft u ;ki Wcnel Wu.st George Evalt Adam Lelinhart Conrad Graff Jacob Berger Philip Siglor Frederick Heison Hcnrick Lelin Joliannas Barget Johannes Henrick Lank , Andrew Walter Henrick Minok Wilhelm Knveller Adam Fileoh Andrew Sauer Eva Gibhart Peter Kranner Jacob Secly Philip Wagner Johannes Beller Adam Boettinger Caspar Ditrich Christian Gothart Johannes Schmidt John Sebastian Nicholas Ditrich Klauter Ludovig Feller Leonard Anton Treber. . Laurenz Lahn Andreas Volocker Ludovig Schnoer Philip Hirchmau Anna Luse Caspar Zenok Philip Rotehauser 1 1 1 4 • • "2' .... . , . . • 4 • . 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 .... 1 2 .... 2 2 1 2 1 .... 1 2 1 2 t & 4 1 5 2 2 1 5 2 4 5 4 6 G 2 1 7 5 5 5 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 5 5 6 3 2 5 6 w W' I 1 G70 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. At TiiK Block House & the Isthmus — (Continued.) Iloadu of Families. id IH m 1 1 1 i '/J 1 ^ Conrad IV^elo 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 5 IMicliiicl ^Mirokol 1 Gcoi'L''o (Jriiul 1 Parte 1 Iloarso 5 1 . . . . 8 Aloii i )stertiiv 1 1 a Males above 16. S u H H Within the rickets of ILilifax . . 408 846 G22 270 285 2032 Within tlie North Siil)nrbs IGi) 317 205 105 138 765 Within the South Suburbs 151 420 IGO 115 105 818 Witbiii tlie town of Dartmouth.. 53 81 47 20 38 193 On several ishmds & luirbours, ) cmijloved in the fishery, ttca. j 1G8 13 18 3 202 On the isthmus and the penin- ) suhi of Ihdifax ^ G5 73 GG 38 30 216 90G 1014 1122 J)84 G08 4249 1014 1122 OOG families. 1014 males over IG. 1122 females over IG. 584 boys under 16. G08 girls under 16. 702 excess of males over females (over 16.) The forcgoinji is copiotl from a Book in the Crown Land office, having been in the Surveyor General'-s office apparently since 17th May, 177'J, as tiie blank leaves contain memoranda of different warrants of survey from tliat date to June, 17SL Copied Uh Deer., 18G2. IIALIPAX. C71 Council Minutes, Halifax. At a Council liohloM at the Govornour's House, on Thuraday Sept. Utli, 1752, Present — ITis Kxcolloncy tho Governor, The Ilonble. Charles Lawrence, Boiij. Green, John kSahisbury, Wm. Steele, John Collier, * Geo. T'^otheringham. * His Excellency the late Govr. being also present. His Excellency the Oovernour acquainted tho Council that one of the ^lickmack Indians, who calld himself one of their Chiefs, was come in, with j)roposals of renewing a |)oacc &c., who was sent for before the Council, and being told he wss welcome was desired to sit — Then the Governour desired ho Would acquaint tho Council what proposals he had to make, who rei)lyed that he was come in upon the Iilncouragoment given him in a letter from Govr. Cornwallis, and that his pro- posals were — That tho Indians should be paid for the land the English had settled upon in this Country. lie Was asked if he was one of the Chiefs, who replyd. That he was chief of that part of the Nation that lived in these parts of the province and had about forty men under him. He was then askd why no more of them came in with him? who replyd That tho}^ had enqiowerd him to treat in behalf of them all. He was also asked. How he proposed to bring the other tribes of the Mickmack Nation to a Conference here — who replyd That he would return to his own people and inform them what he had done liere, and then would go to the other Chiefs, and propose to them to renew the peace, and that ho thought he should be able to perform it in a month, and would bring some of them with him if he could, and if not would bring their answer. Then his Excellency informed him that he should have an answer to-morrow, and ordered proper refreshments for him. P. T. HOPSON.f * Messrs. Collier and Fotlieringham were Captains in tlie Army. t Peregrine Thomas Hopson was Commander-in-Chief at TiOuisbourg when that place was restored to the French under* the treaty nf \ix la Chapclle. lie came up with the army to Chcbucto ia July 174D, ami M'as sworn in Senior Coun« M '|[ if ■m 672 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMRNTS. At a Council Hept. 15, 1852, Present as yc last. The answer i)rci)are(l for the Tntliat. Chief was read to him, and being aj)pr(jved of by liini as satisfactory, It was orderd tliat the same shouhl be fairly drawn on parcinnent, in French and Knglish in order to be ratified tfe exchanged on tlio morrow. P. T. IIOPSON. At a Council holden at the Governour'3 IIouso at Halifax on Saturday, .Sept. IGth, 1752, PUKSENT — His Excellency the Govcrnour, The llonblo. Cha. Lawrence, Henj. Green, John Salusbury, Wni. Steele, Jno. Collier, Geo. Fotheringham. His Excellency the late Govr. being also present. The following answer to the proposal of the Indian Chief Was interchangeably signed & scald; after which he took his Leave, and embarkd on board the vessel that brought him, and saild the same day. The answer of his Excellency Peregrine Thos. Ilopson Es(|, Capt General and Govcrnour in Chief [li.s.] in and over his Majesty's province of Nova Scotia or Accadie, Vice Admiral of the same, and Col. of one of his ^lajesty's Regiments of Foot, &c. and hi3 cillor, taking precedence of Govr. Mascarenc in conscqnencc of his seniority as a military officer. He received tlie appointment of (iovernor of Nova Scotia on tlie resignation of Cornwallis, and was sworn into office on M August, 1752. lie went to England in November 1753. Govr. llopsoa obtained the rank of Major-Genoral, 10th Feby., 1757, tiie day previous to the date of Gov. Corn* wallis' Commission of Major-General. In November 1758, he was placed^in command of the land forces for tlie reduction of the French Caribbee Island. After an iinsHCcessful attempt to take Martinique the fleet arrived before Guadaloupe on 23d Jany., 1759. Genl. Ilopson died on 27th, before the Island was captured, and was succeeded in the command of the expedition by Genl. Barrington. — Army Lists; N. S> MS> Boct ; iV. S> Council Books { Wynn's America, vol. ^, 152. nAT.irAX. I to lilm, 4 or (lord French on tho PSON. , Halifax nt. Idian Clnet took Ilia t liiin, and line Thos. Ir in Chief Scotia or lol of one and his Ihis seniority iNova Scotia \ugust, 1752. 1 tiie rank of J Gov. Corn* las placed.in Ibboe Island. Hvcil before before the Ixpedition by ncil Books t Miijosty's Council, for the sil. provini^c. To tlio proposals of poiico and fricndsliip niado Uy .foim Tuiptistc Cope Mujor, (or liinisclf A' liirt 'l'rii)0 Mud to his olfci-s aiid lM),u;».i;"cnu'nts to onflcavonv to i)rin": licru tlio other MicuKu-k 'I'l'lben t(j I'fuuw Vo ixnice I riiMu It is with ])lcusnro that ^\ e soo thcMOicro to counnuno with us toHcIiino- the lMiryiMi>" of th(> llatclict hctvvctMi tho British ChiMron nl liis piiissnnt Majesty K\{\'^ (u>or^-o and his Children thi* Miekniacks of this Country. Wi^ do assure you that h(> has (h^darod i\nto us, tliat you are his ChiMren. ?ind that you liavo aidciiowh^lj^-'d him for your jjjrt^at Chief and Father, lie has orderd us lo treat you as ihwr Ih'clhren, and Wo did not connneneo any now ]")isputo with you upon our arrival liere---1»ut wiiat is passed shall he buried in ()l)livii)U, and for the time to come we .shall he ])leasil A", ciiaruu 1 toli vc toii'c^thcr as V rionds d,. AVo will not sutler that you be hinderd from Hunting', or Fishino" in this Country, as you have been us(m1 to do, and if yo ti;dl think lit to settle your Wives tV.' Children u[)on tho .River ,"^liil»enareadie, no ])erson shall hinder it, nor shall nuMldle with the lands where you are, and the (Jovernour will put uj) a 'I'ruck house of Merchandise there, where yi)u may have ovorythiuix you stand in need of at a )-(»asouai)le price, and where shall be given unto you to the full value for the peltries, Feathers, or other Things which you shall have to sell. We api)rovc of your Engagement to go and inform your ])co]>le of this our answer and then the other 'j'ribes, with the promise of your endeavours to bring them to a Ivcnewal of ye peace. When you return hero (as a mark of our good Will) we will give you handsome presents of stich Things whereot you have the most neech and each one of us will put our Names to the Agreement that shall be made between us. And Wo hope to brighten the Chain in our Hearts and to conlirm our Friendship every }'ear ; and tor this purpose we shall expect to FCC here some of your Chiefs to receive annual presents whilst you behave yourselves as good, and faithfull •children to our great King — and you shall be I'urnished with provisions for you and your Families every year. Wo wish vou an happv Return to vour Friends ani:xj. Gh'KEX, Jno. CdELiKi;, John Salusbury, Geo. .FoT!iEi!ixoiiA:\r, I ^lajor Jean l>a])tiste Cope do accejit sincerely, and with a true Heart, tlie eonditi(;ns of tliis answer of his Excelly. the Gox'ernour.and his Majesty's Council ibr myself and ni}^ people, and 1 (Mi!^'a|j,v to bring- them here with me to siv.n ami ratify tiic Treaty of ])eace u[)on the above said Conditions, in a ^huitli, oi' as soon as possible, and I promise and engage to do iiiy utmost Endeavours to bring hero the other Tribes of Mic- niaeks to make a peace. (Jiven under my hand and seal, in presence of tlse said Governour S: CouiK.-il in the Council Chamber at ITalifax, this Mxteenth Day of Sept., 1752, and the 20 year of hi.-, ^Majesty's R eiu'n. Tl le marJc Jean Baptiste ^Fajor Cope. P. T. iiorsoN, (copy.) ]My Lords Governor Hojjson to Lords of T'rade, Halifax, IGth October, 1752. 7 ^ I do myself the honour to acquaint your Lordships, that 1 arrived here the 2r)th of July, and landed the 27th. Tlie 3rcl cf August 1 cahed together the Members of His ^laiesty's Council in this J'ruvince, caused my Commission to be read, took "the proper Oaths and administered those to each ^fember of the Council, which are directed in my Tnstructfons from His Majesty, and took upon me the Goveiannent of the Province. U[)on my examining into the state of afTairs of the Province^ I found Mr. CornwalHs extremely distressed, by having on his hands in and about this place, all the foreign Setthu's who arrived in the year 1750 and 1751, whom ho had not boon. HALIFAX. /> "^ ,'' ['SON. I with rt illy, the ■ people, (1 viitity us, in IV n-e to do fof 'Siic- the r^akl litUx, this Mujority'* of CorE. Il )>. 1752. that 1 The 3vcl Majesty's be read, Ih Member lions tVoiu lit of the Province, Laving on Ittlers who not been nhlo to send out from hence to make any settlement at a distane(! this ncjt unlv tlirouLi'h tlie want of Provisions, Arms, Tools, Implements for clearine about three hundred of the Foreiii-n .^et- Ib had tiers that ari'ived this year, and ^\•as under the same dil(Miima t. tl 10 "with regai'd to them, and since 1 took the (jlovernmen rest lieing arrived fwhicli I must sav I think Mr. Dick con- trived to be vcrv late in tl le season lor tlie ]iur[)(tse i ntended ■ I imagine your rjordshi[)S cannot but tliiidc I must also be under (ho utmost dinicnities to know how to dispose of them, the sending them out being imin'acticable for this season, and t]iereh)re all I could do was to build boanled Barracks tor them in the best and chea])est maimer, yet so as chat they might b',.' well covered and sheltered from the severity of the winter. This is done, and in order to their being subsisted (the money which your Lordships were pleased to send irom England, designcMl for paying them their threepences in lieu of provisions not Jirriving till so late as the 14th of .'September,) I found myself obliged to take the follo\ving metluKl. vizt. 1 laid tiie affair before the Council ibr their o[iinion thereon, and heiH.'with transmit to your Lordships the minutes of the resolutions we came to, as also those relating to other matters, all which I Ik pe may meet with your Lordships approbation, as being what myself and the Council (^Ir. Cornwallis being present) in consiileration how matters were circumstancecl, thought were the best methods that could be taken. I must observe to your Jiordships that there was no possi- bility of sending out the Foreign Settlers this year to any places distant from Halifax, there being no jirovision for that purpose in store, lor as the season is so far advanced T could not do it without sending with them nine months I'rovisions at the sanu> time, and it is my sincere f)pinit)n that whenever they are sent out, so far from nine months provisi(Uis being BulUeient for the purpose till they get rightly settled and liuvo m G7G NOVA SCOTIA D0CU5IEXTS. I.* raised sometliinft' of tlieir own to l)o able to sulisii^t npon, fliat n, furtlior su])))!}' ol' liltooii uiontlis irioi-o will 1)0 ahsolutoly iiocessavy to l)i; allowed them. TJiis I should tliiiik they cannot possiltly do without, tor as most of them are j)oor wretches that have scarce a farthin_^• of money amoni;* them, it is to be feared little [)rovisi(.)ns or other necessaries v\-ouId 1)0 carried to them from any of t!io neighbouring Colonics, wherefore they must inevitably starve. I made enquiry about what quantity of Provision there was in st(U"e that had been laid in upon ^Ir. 'J'ov^'jxliemrs Contract for furnisliing the K'(^tilers. and the augmentation of lay Ucgimcnt, but could in(H;t \vith no ssitisliudory answer from Mr. (Jerrish, his agent, as will ap[)ear 1»y the ?diinites of the C\)uncil upon that head Aviiich 1 ti-aiismit to your Tiordslnps. As }^lv. ('ornwidlis ta.kes home with him my (b"sj)atch(.'s, and your Lordships will have so good an o])portunity of being tlioi'onglily well ae((uainted with tlie ))i'esent siluntion of the ali'airs of the I'l'ovince I'rom him, and more to your satisfaction than 1 can possibly ti'ansmit to your JJoard, he being so Avell versed in the whole ; under whose direction everytliing frorii th<; beginning of the Settlement has been cari-ied on, ! shall beg leave to refei' your Lordships to him ibr the selling e\'ery- thing relating to the Colony in a just light, as 1 am I'ully satislied he will do, from whence 1 Hatter myself tliitt my proceedings hitlii'rto may not bc^ disap[)rt)ved by youi' Lord- ships, which if so, will give me infinite satisfaction, a- I have nothing mort? at la^irt than to do all in my power tor t\\o good of that service which his Majesty has been pleas(Ml to send me ni)on, and therefo)'e, shall at all times, as near as circum- stances will admit endeavour to kecq) up to ;i sti'ict obsci'vancc of all orders and directions I may iVom time to timt; liuve the hontuir to receive from your TAji'dslii|is. 1 cannot omit acijuainting youi' Lordshii)s that tlie i)eoplo in u'enei'al who were sent over this vear bv Mv. Dick, complain of his having |)ersuaded them at their emb;uking to sell olf everything, eveit the little JJedding they had, by v.hicli means they have lain on the bar(.> decks and IMatibiras during their voyage, and are still destitute of all kind of IJedding. '^Phis has caused the death of many, Itoth on the {tassagc and Iku'o {ishore since they wei'(.' laisdiMl ; what Mr. Dick cotdd mean l)y jjcrsuading these j)oor wretches to dis[)ose of all their Ledding, and little necessaries in the maniun- as they have rej)i'esentcd to me, I really cannot say, but to me it looks as if it was done to give room ibr crowding in a greater numl)er of peopla HALIFAX. C77 into tlio Sliips that brong-lit tliom, wliic-li T asssuro your Lorcl- sliips. l)y tlio reports u'liicli wore luiule to mo, with reg-ard to tliat ad'air was done to a groat degree, and thereby great sickness was occasioned, of which so many dio(h 1 must further mention its being notoricnis to everybody hero, that anumg tlie number of these settlers whicli Mr. Dick has sent tliis voar, there were many, verv manv nonr c)ld decre|)id creatures, b(tth men and women, who were olijects fitter to liave been kept in Ahnshouses than to be scuit over here as ."^ettlers to work for their liread. .Several that are dead were reported to me by tlie person tliat attended them, to have been ui)wards of eiii'htv ve irs or aire And 1 have at this instant a repiu't before mo from one of our Surgeons, of two Swiss that came this voar wlio are dying with old age. 1Mie 2{\ih of last month, the last of tl leso ,'ttl ers were landed, when tliere were above thirty of them that ciudd not stir off th(> Jjoach, eight of them Orphans who inuncdiatoly liad the best care taken of them, notwithstanding which two of them died after being carried to the Hospital, within about 12 days time there were fourteen Orjjhans b(doi\ging to these Settlers that wore taken into the ()i-i)han Hon so tl 10 so arc things Vv'hich 1. do not doubt but your jjurdshijis must tliiidc are very shocking. 1 can assure you my Lords that 1 lind tlunn so who am here on the spot, for no mortal that has the least, humanity can do othorways than feel to the very heart at the siglit of such a scene of misery as it is. and the ])ros- pect tiior(> is of its being a mnch moi'o (h^plorable one before- the severity of the Winti^r, v/hit'li now (b'aws nigh, is got (jver. I'his Mr. Cornwallis can assure your Lordships of as he has lieeu an ov(! witness of these kind of scenes durinir his time, as we )f that we have no w F roiii Yiv. ('t.ii'uwallis's not having' had it in his l^ower to send out these peojile that came fir.-t here to Ix^ settled sit a distance iVdm Immico ui)on cleared land, which he was very well inclined to have done had matters Immui so circumstanced as to admit of it. I ilatter myself your Lordshijjs will ho of I o unre pinion that it has not been in my ]>owor to do it liave taken the (.Jovornmont of the I'l-ovince tipon me, the season o I tl; year tionu far advanced and there being no Hullic.Moncy oi provisions or other necessaries in store to givo tl lem. I must now acquaint your Lordship^', that these foreign Settlors ari; become so \o\-y uneasy and discoi\tented, that many of them have gone olf from this place to the Lsland of GTS NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. St. .Tolin's. as wo liavo L^Toat r(!ason to Ix'liox'o and except some iiu'tliod can iu' ralien \\\)ou to pros'L-nt a rurtlicr desertion, Avliicli will \)v, very dilHcult to do, 1 apprehend that many more Avill I'oHow. 'I'his desertion does not only disg-race and weaken our Set- tliMucnt, Imt at the same tiin(> will strengthen our neigld^onrs which are things 1 should l)e glad to prevent was it in my power. 1 am earnestly to entreat your Fjordslnps. that yon nia\' not suffer any nmre el' these foreign Settiei's to ho sent ovei-, tor nothing (.'an jH;ssihly distress lis najre than these already have done, and besides, n)any other evils and ineonveniences we Inel lV(im Ihem. hy working for thoii* passage in such nnmhers they almosi: deprivi; oui' other inhal>itants t)f the lueans of suiisistanee. I hope likewise that I may not he dii'eeted to send out those we have to settle any whore among the Fi'ehi'li Inhahitants, for 1 have sullleient reason to la; assured '>\as that to lie done the latter Avould inunediateiy s that in the absli'aet of l"]stimati.'S loi' I'roxdsions, St(n'es,t*cc., tliori' is nothing' but what I really thiidc is absolutidy m'oossaiy for carrying on the .Serviee projiused ; and I ^vill further bog, 1 may take the liliei'ty to declare to your Lorilshi[is my ^incere opinion in tiie affair which is, that it we dt; not send out the foreign Settlers in .May next, and they have not the allowance of 15 months provisioiis from that time, together \^•ith the otlier noet'ssaries and materials, they cannot jiossibly subsist as I ha'\e l»el'ore obsor\'ed to your Fjordshijis. In this I doubt not but Mv. (\)rnwallis will be of the saim; opinion. ■" •■" '■' ■'■ ■"■ ••' 1 must ol)sorve to your Lordshijis that the rejiaii'iug tlie Forts and Harracks is a thing so necessary to be set about and linished before \\\v winter comes on, tliat if it is not, the tormer will be in a most ruinous coialitioii, and the latter will be so l)ad that the 'J'roops iini>t luany of them j)erish by the severity of the season, for at present the}' are so open that the}' keep out no weather \vhatsoe\er. HALIFAX. 079 As to tlie additional Barrjicks Avliicli are estimated it is no less n(;cessary that they should be built as soon as jiossible. ■^^ ••■ '^ ••' " "^" I beg leave to mention (tho' out ot" place) "which I intended to have done in a hirmer jiaragraph, when I Avas writing a1>out tho inconveniences that attend the foreign Settlers being obliged to i)ay their passage by their labour, that they are de|)i'ived thereby of all means of getting anything towards ])roviding themselves with necessaries, and of laying up wherewithall to enable them to stock their Farms when they get them, besides the discontent it gives them to be obliged to do it, which these Avho came this year allege thost; ^vho came the lirst were not obliged to do, and further, that they were drawn in to sign to such an agreement. 1 must likewise observe to your TiOrdships, that the demand for ?toi'es which is the last cohnnn in .Mr. .Teirray's Return of Stores that liavc' been issucMl, is what we as near as can lie ju here early in the Spi'ing or at least the greatest part of them, such as may be ^vanting to issue to the Settlers when they are sent out, and to liave some of ever}' kind remaining in Stoi'e after- Avards. Your Lordships I lio[)e will be of o[)inion, that it is not possible to come to an absolute exactness in such compu- tations, could it be 1 should certainly do it. Your Tjords]ii])s ha\e a Co\)y id' Ca[)tain Bromos lettei' of the 2lst ol" Sc])t(Mnbei', mentioning the want of a jilace l»y way ol" Laboi'atory for small Stores, and lilling Carti'iiiges, "whicli is vt'ry necessaiw both for the reason he mentions iind the danger our W(K)dhouses may be in, should any accident hai)[)en ; his demand of curi'ent stores foi' the sei'vice you have likewise — this I have kei)t se[)arate from the other l*]sti- mates as I suppose your Lordships will think [)roi)er these .should be sent by the ]>oard of Ordnance. 1 send to your Lordships a Vh\\\ and description of ^Nfusquo- doboit, tV'c, a jiLu.'e about four hiagues distant from hence, to the l']astward, that being o!ie of the places j)ro[)osed for send- ing sonu,' of the Settlers to, in the Sj)ring: these ai'o Surveyve intend to sc'ud some UKji'e, but have no ])lan of that to transmit to your Lordships. 1 am, Sec, V. T. iiorsox. '.riie Loi'ds (\unmrs. fi)]' Trade it IMantations. w^ 680 \0\"A SCOTIA DOCUMEXTS. I Governor Ilopson to Lords of Trade Mv LoiiDS, irALlFAX, IGth October, 1752. Siiu'o mv nn-ival T luivo liad tlio Ik oiionr of recoivinft- a letter troin your Lordsliips ol" tlie iird of .hiiie last. 1 ilia tliereu|)()U to aeituiiiut your Lordships that it shall be my study to keep U}) a most strict observance of my Instruc- tions and not to deviate iVom tlieui in any ])oint biit upon evident necessity justified by the ]iarticular circumstance of the case, and whenever that happens, shall forthwith transmit to your Lordships in the fullest and mcist (Wplicit nj:u)ner my reasons for such deviation, and shall i"il)piy for previous (h'rec- tions from Kni^land in ;tll eases when the occasion Avill admit of such a delay. "••' N o expense ni carry on tlie AS"orks on Geori>'e'*s Island lias been incurred this year, except l)y the labour of the Foreign Settlers, and what will be further uecessaiy will appear to the Hoard in the l']s(imato on tliat head. I rider your Lordslii[)s to tlie Uocords of Council transmitted lierewith Jis to three ])ences not being paid to the Foi'cigii Settlers in lieu of })rovisions, ami as te) the a ssemoun bli them in a ])roper manner to instruct theui in the usi> of Anns and ]Milit;u-v I'xercise to the end that an useful ^Militia might be foriiU'd as soon as possible, that has not been |,)rai ticable, a* they were landed so lately and in so Iiada condition, and even the habitations designed lor them for the winter not being yet (piit(.' linisiied, and but few, very few arms in store as your Lo I'd ships will see l)y ihe St orc^ eciKM' s Ret 111 I am not able to inform }'*»ir Lordsliips that I have heard of any ])artii'ulai" exploit worth remarking being done by llie Kangers, and indeed the natures of their service, being irre- gulars, scareelv admits of it, bu.t tliov ha\'e most assuredly )eon ol great utility sue h as i)roteeting t Me o lit se ttl ors» ranging llie Country, and marching u[)on serviees the regulars could not be spareMl for. 1 Wiis iidbrnied by 3Ir. Coi'invallis on my arrival, tliat he had reducdl three of the Companies, vizt.,. John Gorham's, Cla])ham"s,tV: Proctor's, so that there only now suljsists one hundred Rangers under the command of Captain Josej)!; (Jorham with six subalterns which 1 propose to co tinue till further orders from your Lordshijj n- 1 am, A'l The iiortls Coinmn F. T. IIOFSON. lO r TraAJe A: Flautatious: HALIFAX. G81 Governor Ilopson to Lords of Trade. J\[y Lord? Halifax, 28t]i Mnrcli; 17r)3. In my last I acfinuintod your Lordsliips of a coiiij-laint against the Justices uftlu' (Quarter Sessions, and tlie .Justices of the Coniinou Plea>;, which myself anarty sct^ns to arise chiefly from the idle- ness of too many of tlie Lihabitants, I make no doubt but in time as things coiik.^ to be niort' j)i'()])erlv arrangeil, industry will make it subside, in tlie meanwhile 1 \ise my utmost endeavours to keep it ([uiet by the most moderate measures, and carrying myself as equally as possible on I)oth sides. The' I had some reason to think this a })arty alfair, from the beginning, yet I found it most advisable to give it a public hearing as 1 would not be thought to jjrejudge any thing especially as I had been so little a time here, r '■'■' '■' "-^ *•' Colonel Monckton who commands at Chignecto ac(|uaints me that two of our Soldiers were lately found scalped in the woods, and that lie is credibly informed that the ^lickiiiack Lidians who live thereabouts have since waited on the l*'rench Commandant at ]]eausejour, and earnestly requested him to write a letter in their names to the ICnglish Commandant to disavow this jiroceediiig, which nev(U"tlieless the French Com- mandant has not complied with. The Lulians on this side C82 NOVA f^COTIA DOCUMENTS. remain quiet, and I liave lately received a k't((n' from the Chiefs of some of the otliei- tril»es, ^vliu say the}' will como liere and make [)eace iu the H})ring". I am itc. r. T. IIOPSON. The Lords Connnrs. f(jr Tjiide tt JMantations. Governor Ilopson to Lords of Trade. ITalifax, ir.th April, 1753. ]My Loirns,— Si nee I closed my letter of Saturday last, two men belon,u'in,^' to this place arrived liere in an Indian Canoe, with six Indian Seal[)S. 1 enclose your Lordships their Deposition, I have taken security for their a])pearance at the next (Jencral Court in case any com[)laint should come a,^'ainst them from the Imlians, Mr. Salusluii-y an'Iio will be the ln'arer of this, Avas })rescnt at their exaiiiination — What turn this ma}' take I can as yet form no Judgment. I am &c. r. T. iTors^'N. The [jords Ctjunurs. i'or Trade tt I'lantations. Jlinidcs of Council (d Halifax. At a Council holden at tiie (!overn(.)r's House on Vrednesday the ll^nd day of Nov., 1752. PlJESEXT — His Lxcellenc}' the Governor. The lIonMe. Chas. Lawrence, "| .Lenj : (Jreen, | Jno. Salushurv. I- Councrs. Wilhn. SteeleJ ' Jno. Collier. Tin? following- Treaty of reace was Signed, Ixatifyed and Exchanged with the ^lick Mack Tribe of Indians, Inhabiting the Eastern Parts of this Province. And it was resolved that HALIFAX. G8; oni tlio 11 como SON. 1753. inon witli wo 100, ■ pDsition, General leiii from f of this, miiv take P>'"t \ LM Incsday Ifvod and l)itin.2; ilia Ivcd that Mr. Sanl shduld ho ordered to Issue Provisions according" to the allowance of the Troojjs, for Six ]\[onths, lor Ninety of tlu' said Indians, being' the computed number of that Tribe. '' Treaty or Articles of Peace and ''Friendship Renewed " between '' ITis Excellency Peregrine Thoinas ITopson Esquire Ca])tain '• General and (Jrovernor in Ghief in and over His ^fajesty's "' Province of Nova Scotia or Accadie. A'ice Admiral oi' the '* same k Cohjiiel of one of His ^hijesty's lleginu'iits vi' Foot, '' and His Majesty's Council on behalf of His ]\btjesty." and •'•' ^fajor Jean Paptisto Cojio, chief Sachem of the Tribe of '' 3Iiek .Mack Insty\s PetA'iments of Foot, liei'eby Promises on the Part of His Majesty, that the said Indians shall upon the lirst day of ()ctobt>r Yearly, so len,^' as they diall Continue in Friendshi[), Peceive Piesents of Blankets, Tobacco, and some i'owder A: Shot : and the sai( I Indiani! '•' promise once every Year, upon the lirst of October to come " by themselves or their T)elep,'ates and P(M'eive the said " Pix^sents and Renew their Friendship and Submissions. 7'. '• That tlu^ Indians shall use their best Endeavours to ave the lives and g'oods of any Peo])le ^Shipwrecked on this Coast, where they resort, and shall Conduct the People saved to Halifax with their (loods. A: a Peward adequate to the Salvadffo, shall be uiven tlicn a rr •)D^> That all Disputes whatsoever tliat may hap[)cu to ItAMFAX. G86 [\)\vor, iind ^; to rMtily liiivc now liiivo such ir J.) I'll' 11 cc, ,ns sliiill not >n;^' A' Fisli- Truckliouso KM' ])Uico o\' iiroixM" M(3r- r wliiit the J moan time 'X for Siilo to vinco, Skins, lall liuve to eveof to the otlior Trovi- Fainilys, and uns, sliall bo |ui(l llio same shall hci'c- 1 the Terms nal C\)rros- nnneiit, llis aiitain (xcu- \-s Province !i(> same A: uH)i, licruby said Indians ouix as they )( lUaiikets, nid Indians Lilior to come vc the said issioiis. ideavonrs to ckod on this the People adeqnate to y happen to "'arise between the Indians now at Peace, and of hers Ilia ''^fajesty's Subjects in this Province shall be ti'yed in Ilia "Majesty's Courts of Civil .Judicature, wdiore the Indians shall '• hav(} the same benelit, Ailvantago and Priviledj^'os, as any '' others of Ilis ^liijesty's Subjects. •'.In I'^iith and '^^restimony whereof, the Great Seal of tho "' I'rovincc! is hereunto Appended, and th(3 jiarty's to these '•'presents have hereunto, interchiin!^(}al»ly Set their Hands in " tlie Council Cliaml>er at Halifax this 'I'lnd day of Nov. 1752, •' in the Twenty sixth year of His Majesty's Keign. P. T. Tfoisox, (.'hah. Lawijkxck, IJkx. Gkkkx, Jno. Salushl'ry Wii.LM. Stkki.i:, Jxo. Colli KF?. P. T. JIOPSON. At a Council holden at the Governor's house on Fryday tho '24th day of Novr. 1752, Present — His Kxcellency the Governor, The IIoiil)le. Chas. liawrence, Jno. Salusbnrv, ^ iir.,, J., , • ' .'- Councra, U illm. Steele, | Jno. Collier. J ■Jf ^J «■ * -^ -Jr •Jr 'J'heii the Council came to a Resolution to Issue tho follow- ing' Proclamation. ]')}■ His Excellency Peregrine 1'homas Ifoi^son Escir. Captain General and Governor in Chief, in and over His Majesty's Province of Nova Scotia or Accadie Vice Admiral of the same and Colonel of one of His Majesty's Regiments of Foot Ax. A Proclamation, Whereas the Treaty or Articles of Peace and Friendship hath been Rmiewed on the 22d Just, between this Govern* ment and ^lajor Jean Raptiste Cope, Chief Sachem of the Cliibenaccadie Tribe of ^lick Mack Indians, Inhabiting the 080 NOVA SCOTIA nocUMKNTS. EivHtoni r'on^t nC tliis I*roviiico, nnd tlio l^clc^'iiles of llio siild 'I'rilic I'lilly ciiipowcri'il lur thai purposi.'. Ami Wlici'iMs It is |)r(tvi(l(,'(l Ity the said Trotity tliut all i\u^ Transactions ol the lat(; ^Val• sliDnld cm both sid(\s bo biiriod in OliJivion with the llatcln't, and that tlio said Indians slionid lia\(' all lavoiir, Fi"ii.'ndsjii|) and I'rotc'ftion shewn tlu'in IVom this His Majosty's flovornmont and also all llu; IJcnofits, Advantap,x's and I'l'iviledi^cs in J I is .Majosiy's Courts of Civil Jndiralui'L', iMpial with all others His Majesty's Suhjeets. I have therefore thon.i;'lit lit by and with tho Advieo and Consent of His Majesty's Couneil, In Ifis Majesty's Name to Publish and iiiala])tist(! Cope, or His Ti'ibe ol Chibc.'uaeeadie Mick ]\laL'k Indians from and after the day of the date of these presents, as tlu'N' shall answer the eonli'ai'v at their IVM'il. Done in tlio Couneil Chamber at llidifax this 24th day of Xovr. 1752, and In the 2(!tli ^"ear of His ^Majesty's lieign. r. T. iiorsoN. Cod Save the Ivi ni Whicli Proclamation was published accordingly P. T. IIOPSON. Jno. Dupoirr, Sec. Cone. HALIFAX. G87 Mcmoramhi from (he Bwird <>f Trade counevled wUh Ihc Kvpeiiscs of ihc (Mony of Nova Scotia heficccn IT')! aid/, \~ ')'.>. In the l"]stiiniito of" Kxccetliiigs fVoin Xovoml) 1st, 17')l,to Dccc'iiilicr lilMt, 17')li, allowod by I'arliiiiiieiit, tlierc uro tlie Iblluwiiiij,' ArticloH, vi/t. : Pollais iiii'l half pence sent Gover- nor llopsoii i:[r)(\2 10 To (lovci'iior llopson lor Vi(;tiialiiig the Si'ttK'rs — Snhsistiii-:,' a Com- pany ol" l{an,!j;ers — Ifii-c, Waj>-cs tt Hcpairs of Sloops S: ArinM Vessels— |)ayinont of Ollieers Sc Artilieers it liahonrers anil other Contin^'ent Kxpenees between the lirst of An;^aistanf.1 thirty-first 5543 r> r ( Q o -i December, 1752 10 10;') ir, 4 The (} rant of Parliament for 1753 was 47 1(J7 G G £57272 li) 10 Whicli sums liavo been appropriated to the following Bervi- ces, vizt,, Appropriated for payment of Provi- sions for the Troo])s for 1753. . XU1G5 10 For payment of twelve months i)ro- visions for 1955 .Settlers for the year 1753 9G62 19 10 Dollars and Half pence sent over last year 45G2 10 £28390 10 8 To be dra^yn for by the Governor towards defraying the Expences of the Colony from August Ist^ 1752 to December 31st, 1753... 28882 9 2 57272 19 10 Of which sum of. 28882 i There has already been drawn for as follows, vizt. ; 'If Mil K)88 • KOVA SCOTIA 1)0CUMEXT3. Broiio-lit forwiird .... .£-28882 2 Tn I'livui' of Aiitliorp & TTniirock ibr sni)[)lies X.'iOOO uf wcli has boon money XI 2000 Tn ihvonr of Delancy & Watts on arrount of Provisions 2000 Tn tiivoni-oi' Daniel Dwson Ibr wood Ibr rin'gnecto . . . '. o41 IG In favonr of Joslma Manger and lOpliraini (Atok for nio'.osse^. . . . 11G2 Jvi Tavoiir ol" Richard Calhcrwood for ('loathing ibr the Rangers.. 1G4 1 8 [n I'aN'our Hundi'}' Persons for T'rcj- \isi(»ns ])ni'('hased at Halifax.. . . 1400 8 10 Tn favour Willi!\!u RakiM- for Cash (br tiie works at Annapolis it Chigneeto 300 In favour of Ditto for Cash sn[)[)Iied the Treasury at Halifax bv iMr. .Saul ' ! . . . . 2800 20,377 G Dallanee now remaining to be drawn ibr £8505 2 8 The (Jovornor has likewise to draw for the lurther ^ urn of 3221 he having [uirehased pi'ovisions for nine nuHi.iis from August 1st, 1752, ibr 2400 persons agreeable to an I']stiniate ti'ansniitted last year; whieh nine months includes four months of the year 1753, for whieh yeard })rovisionB the sum of J:0GG2 II) 10 was" granted. Total reniiiining to be drawn for upon account of thi> ordinary Expencos of the C^olonv.... 1 172G 2 8 Tiy lis iH^iii- a calculation aa the nature S: ])resent state of the currant account will admit there i»l)pears to be necessary to com- jileat the payment for the ordi- n;iry (ixpences of the Ctilonv to Deer. 3,1. 1753, vizt. : For Civil OUicers salaries, l?angers, Vessels in the J^ervice, Hos[)ital, Orj)han house and small Coutin* HALIFAX. C89 <) iJ I G ■2 8 Brouglit forward gonoics (most of tlicir pay since tiaiiv. last bcina: vet duo cxcoT)t the pay of Kaiip;crs and wages of the mariners) al)out For tlie pul)lic works and fuel, Kum and Molosscs allanco due to Delancy So Watts on account of the Provi- sions furnished by them, about. . £15000 From whicli deduct tlic sum remain- ing to be drawn for 1172(3 2 9000 GOOO . X1172G 2 S 500 8 There remains an exceeding of 3773 17 -4 To this may be added what may be due to Ap- tlioi'ptt IFancoek on account of supplies which are nut yet completrted. This 'tis su})j)Osed may be i2000. Total cxceedings on the ordinary services of the Colony — occasion'd as is mentioned in the an- nexed Letter ct inclosed Explanation, about. . X. 1>. J>(isides the before mentioned Exceed- ings, the Governor is to ft)rm a Separate ac- count of the extraordinary Expences that may be necessarily incurred — in particular what re- lates to the foreign ^^ettlers and the Indians, and to draw for the same, the amount whereof cannot be at present ascertained. ])ef(.)re the Governor knew that all Extra Expences must be kept in a se]iarate account, some part of the Ex[)ence rela- ting to the Indians was paid and included in the Accounts of the Year 1752 which have been transmitted, "^he Governor has drawn tor ffreight of Provi- sions, furnished by contract for the year 1753 the following Dills which the Contractor must repay vi/i., In favor of Timothy Fitch ffreight of provisions from Cork in the Brigantine Al)igail <£12G In favor of William Condy lor Ditto in the schoo- ner Prospect from Philadelphia 73 13 5 ~£19JriT~5 The provisions purchased by the Governor being at an 44 11 690 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. }n,!j,'licr rate tlian the Contract made for the year 1753 — ancF being Ibr 2400 persons, the cost of tliem has considerably exceeded the sum of X3'221, which tcjgether with the Cost of provisions purcliased to rephice those damaged will come under the head of unavoidable exceedings. Among the other Contingencies un))rovided for, there is Forty Pounds per annum for a Parsouiige Flouse, also stationary for the Ollices which has been purchased here since August 1752. Estimate of the Charr/c/i of supportinrj and maintaining the Sdllcment of His Majesty's Colony of Nova Scotia for the Year 1754. To Victualling 1955 settlers for 12 months after the rate of ?>\d. per person jier diem £96G2 19 10 ''.Po 4d. per man ])er diem to the non commissioned ollicers k private men in Colo. Warburtons and (\)lo. ITo[)sons i-egiments of foot consist- ing of 15G2 men to replace to them a Deduction of so much made from their Pay tor Provisions 9502 3 4 To Victualling Colo. I^ascells's Regiment of Foot consisting of 404 comniissionetl and non com- mission'd oOicers and private men, and a com- pany of Royal Regiment of Artillery consist- ing of 107 men at (>d. per man per diem 46G2 17 6 To the pay, victualling, cloathing, recruiting and other contingent exjtences attending one com- j)uiiy of Rangers consisting of 117 connnissioned and non conunissioned oHicors and private men 2786 15 10^. To the Soamen's Wages, Stores, Provisions, Re- pairs and incident;U Expences of four armed Vessels & a Pilot schooner employed in the Service of the Province ". 281] 19 4^ To Salarv of Civil ollicers, 2 surgeons. 4 mates & a midwife ' 3G91 13 T(.) repairing and ct)mpleat(ng the public Works and ]5nildings and erecting such new ones as lire innnediately necessary for the Security and Convenience of the Settlement 5934 2 2J To Stores, Materials and Tools for the Settlers the Wages of Artificers and Laborers, and other incidental expences attending the service of the settlement 8002 4 1^ X47054 13 5 HALIFAX. 691 ■^'^ -^cmi-ni of the particuUr ^ "^1 v„ Estimate. To victnallinR 1955 Settlers ^forlJ months £%G2 19 10 Sums Disallowed. Contingencies. •••' £2000 ^ " ^1 "5 -» i ■-( *? o i £ci y ) t^ort Sac'Icville .' <^lmrcl. ,,t Luncnl.,,r,r;;"" Battery on KastornShorV.'.;" Oontingencius i Barracks ^.,^0, ,^ , r Cliurcli.. •^'-^•^^ l'^ 1 ' G<'vt.Hou's"eV::;'" ^jj j^ « Court House.. ,t^ ^« » S^ork House .V g.^? ,| f .^o7 7 11 )■ > j Stone .Jail at Lunen- 2:i 3 i ^ 0^1 B^aS^^ '^'^"^ 1447 1 6 J)0 ^ 375 12 4"o" k; (;i 2000 iJN8 7 8 188 7 282 10 i^OSa 17 loJ 690 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. hi}j,licr rate than tlie Contract made for tlie year 1753 — and being for 2400 persons, the cost of them has considerably exeeeded the snni of £3221, which together with tlie Cost of provisions purchased to replace those damaged will come nuder the head of unavoidable exceediiigs. Among the other Contingeno ' ' "^ " ~^* -- '^•' — ■^- Ponnds per annum for a Parse the Oilices which has been pu ':?■ Estimate of the Charges of . Settlement of His Majesty Y ear 1754. To Victuallinii- 1955 settlers tl 10 ra te of ,j\([. per person To 4d. per man ])er diem to th oiHccrs A: jirivate men in and Colo. Ifopsons I'cgime iiig of 15G2 men to replace ■ of so much made from tliei To A^ictualling Ct)lo. Lascells' consistinu" of 404 commiss d oil I missiond olucers and priv T)anv of Roval Peiriment iiig of 107 men at Gd. per loat To tin; [)ay, victual ng, c other eoiilingcnt ex])ence V lanvol ivaii^'ers con? diiij 1 oili and lion commissioiiet To the yoamen's Wages, St pairs and incidentid l']xp Vessels tt a Pilot school Serviee of the Province. To Salary of Civil olHcors, i a midwife To rei)aii-ing and eomplcating the public Works and J5uildiiigs and erecting such new ones as are immediately necessary for the Security and Convenience of the Settlement 5934 2 2| To Stores, ]\[aterials and Tools for the Settlers the Wages of Artilicers and Laborers, and other ineideiital expences attending the service of tl le settleme Hit 8002 4 n £47054 13 5 HALIFAX. 691 4 n 13 Stores, &c £8202 2 1 J Contingencies . £2000 Sums Disallowed. An Account of the paiiicvlar Sums estimated for the Service of Nova Scotia /ojk the Year 1754, stating what Articles have been disallowed in the Estimate transmitted from the Province. Estimate. To victuallinp; 1955 Settlers for 12 months £9CG2 19 10 To the fouriK'nces to Wjirbur- ton's Hejiiinont, & antl to the victvialiinji Lascelles's Kegi- mcnt, & the Artillery Com- pany 141G5 19 To the Pay. Victualling, &c. & other Kxpences ol the Com- pany of IJangers 278G 15 10^ 10 5 r. Orphan House 273 Hospital 345 Contingenoies G30 Lunenburg 7G8 ;> Livestock 1000 Kum & Molasses 3105 15 Firewood 1487 1 G Oil 70 10 Hay & Corn... 143 Stores 300 8202 (> 0^ H To the Expenco of Four armed vessels and a Pilot Schooner £281 1 19 4^ Public Works ^ . . • (Grenadier fort Fort Luttereli Fort Cornwallis Horsi'uiiin's fort Orphan House Chignecto Pisiquid Minas Cavalier on George's Island. New Barrai'ks Pier & Fishliouse Wharf Fort Sackville.. Church at Lunenl)urg Battery on Eastern Shore... Engineers, Labourers, &c... Contingencies s 3G91 13 5933 17 m £15 18 3 1 15 10 17 G G5 19 71 287 10 2!»0 182 15 10 25 19 23 3 7\ 39 5 0^ GG 3 90 470 IG GA 2000 2148 7 8 188 7 £5033 17 10.^ £G1 Barracks £2031 17 1 Church 818 11 Govt. House 49 IG 8 Court House 95 3 8 Work House 295 13 4 New Wharf. 237 7 11 Stone Jail at Lunen- burg 282 10 George's Island 1447 1 G Battery 375 12 ■■'Ml r,92 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Minutes of Council Halifax. At a Council lioltloii at tlio Govcrnor'B TTouso at Halifax on tliu ')tU clay oi' March 1753, rincsEXT — iris Excelloncv tlio (ilovernor. The IJonl • 10, Chas. Liiwroncc, T)cnj, (Ji-con, Jno. Halushniy, Willni. Stcelo, Councrs. I no. Coll r ler * Wilhn. Cottcrcll. His Excolloncy was this day ])loaso(l to nominate anct ap])oint Charles Mt)i'ris, James ^[onk, John Diiport, l^^hert Ewer, Joseph f^cott, William Bourn, ^^chastian Zouberbnhler Es(|rs. to be Justices of the Peace and Quorum, and Joseph Gerrish, John Crei^hton and Edmund Crawley, Esqrs. Justices of the Peace for the Town and County of Halifax in this r. u\N •, and idso Charles ^lorris, James Monk, John Duport, Robert Ewer, Joseph Scott, William JJourn, Sebastian Zouber- buhler, Joseph Gerrish, . John Crei^'hton and Edmund Crawley^ ]"sip- k) 1 and ap])ear witli at such Rendezvous as shall bo by Proclamation Apjiointed at any time on or after the "I'ld day of ihiy next in the year of Our Lcrd 17o3 At whicli time the said I'lantei's and Inhabitants to b(.^ account- able for themselves and Servants. And in Del'ault of such Ap[)earance and Provision aforesaid, they will be lialjle to the Penalty of Forty SliilHugs to be levied on the Goods and Chattels of such (^Ifender or Olfenders by Warrant of Distress and Sale under the Hand and Seal of any one or more of His ^lajestv's Justices of the Peace for the Town and Cnuntv of Halifax, and for want of sulKcient Distress such Olfender or Ollenders to suiter One ^[onths Imprisonment and hard Labour. Such Warrant to be Granted upon Information of 69^ NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. 'i.'. such O/Ticer or OfTicers as shall be appointed to muster the Persons required to appear as aforesaid. Done in the Council Chamber at Halifax this 22d day of March, in the year of (bir Tjord 175i>, and in the 2Gtli year of His Majesty's Reign, (Signed) P. T. IIOPSON. By His Excellency's Command by and Avith the Advice and Con- sent of His Majesty's Council. (Signed) Wm. Cottkrell, Sec,y. God Save the King. Resolved that an Act be forthwith prepared for the Regu- lation of the said jMilitia. P. T. IIOPSON. "• Jno. Duport, Sec. Cone. At a Council holden at the (Tovernor's House in Halifax on Monday the IGth of April 1753. Present — ITis Excellency the Governor. The Honble Chas. Lawrence, "] J]enj : Green, j Jno. Sahisbtiry, Willm. Steele, Jno. Collier, j Willm. Cottercll. J John Conner and .Tames Grace who arrived yesterday in this Harbour in an Indian Canoe and brought witii them six Councrs. * .lolin l)ui)()rt Wiis an Attorney. He came out with tlie settlers in June, 174i), unci ill July f'olloviiiij was appointed a Justice of tiie I'eace. In February, IT.l^, he was matlo Judge of tlie Inferior Court of Conmiou Pleas. He performed the duties of Secretary of Counc'il for many years. In 177(i he j)rep!ired an edition of the Laws of the I'rovince whii^ii was printed by iiichard Fletcher, Kinji's iirinter at Halifax. Mr. Duport was appointed Second Assis-tant Judge of the iSuprenie (Jourt of the Island of St. JoJm's (P. E. Island), and in 1770 was elevated to be Ciiief Justice of that Island. His daughter married the late P. Sliey, Es(jr., of Falmouth, N. S., and was mother of the late Wm. II. Sliey, Esqr. , many years mem!)er of Assembly for that township, and Custos of the County of Hants. Judge Duport was the grandfather of Koliert I)ui)ort, Esqr., formerly of this city. — A'. S. Council Books; Journals of House of Assembly, N. S. ; N. S. MS. Doc. id the Ini. II. Gustos [uport, r f . 174i), \- , ] 7r.2, ■ formed ■•■ -oil an ?-■ ■teller, 1' J 11(1^0 *'. 1 1770 HALIFAX. Indian Scalps. Appeared liefore the Council an( lowinp; account of tlieinsolves. That tlioy the said Conner and Grace with ^Lii and John Poor sailed in the Schooner Dunk Fel)ruary from this J'ort i)ound alon<;' shore to and j^'ot to Jedore that night, and I'roni thence to a IMaco near Owls Head and from thence Islands, and alon^i^ the Coast till they came to a Place hetween C(juntry IFariiotir and Tcirhay whei'o they arrived ahout the 21st of Feliruary, That the next morninjj; a C;a!ioe with four Indians came olf ana!l at them. That 1 •near the Shore and the Wind Southerly the Vessel could not get o'i^ hut drove towards the shore., and two Canoes with Six Indians came on board, that the said Cornier and his Com- panion submitted tluMnselves, and that there was another Canoe with three Indians ashoi'o, 'J'hat they gave the Indians Victuals and I))'ink. That they Ordered them to hoist the •Sails and the Indians steered and run the Vessel into a Creek. That the Indians then sent them ashore and came ashore themselves in about four hours, That they then sent them into the Woods to cut Wt)od, and upon tiieir Iicturn the Indians sent two of them in company with tiux'C Indians towards the Water. I'hat the said Conner and Grace saw the Indians knock Michael Ilag;trthy and John Poor in the Head witli their Axes and killed and Scalped tluun, ^J'hat the next morning they carried the said Conner and Gi'ace about Ten miles into the Countrv where thev continued Prisoners till the 8Hi day of this month. That about the sixth day of the .montli S()me of the Indians separated from the rest and left Conner and Grace with lour Indians, a Woman and a ]>oy. That on the 8tli dav of the month, being Sundav, Thev caine down to the Sea Shore whore the Vessel lay olf upon a.n Island about a miles distant, That the four Indians v.-ent to the Vessel for a ('ag of IJeer and as they had ireijuent discourse with the Indians, two of the Indians told them that the others designed to kill them, and being ahnost famished for want of Provisions and iii danger of Starving, They took this Opp(»r- tunity to endeavour, by destroying the Indians, to make their Escape; That accordingly they iirst killed the Woman and Boy and then secured the Arms and Amunition of the Indians and waited for their Return, when they rushed upon them ■and killed them with Guns and Axes at their Landing, and iheui having taken one of their Canoes and takiim' Pork and coo NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMFNTS. J>ccr out (iftliolr Sclioonor tlioy avrivod at rialifax YostcrdaVy lieing tlio l.jtli lust: The said Cuiiiior and (Jrnce i'tirtluT declared that tlic Iiidians cut the mast of their Vessel and al'terwai'ds cut (Knvn her Side. Ordei'ed that .John Conner and James Graoo (h) give Security lor their Ai)i)earance at the next General Court mi case any Complaint should bo brought against them by the Indians. r. T. iiorsox. Jxo. Dltokt, See: Cone: The most remarhihle Circumstances of tlie Deposition of An- tJionf/ Casiecl from the time of his bciinj token Prisoner by the Indians till his return to JlaliJ'ax. On the IGth oi" ^fay 1753, ho wilh ^Fr. IJannorman, ^Mr, Ch ave land. an( 1 F our liaru'emen, sai led on Hoard a snia dl Sloo[) to convey three Ind'ians to Isidere, a lew leagues to the Eastward of llalilax, where they arrived next day, and M'as civilly t 'eated by the Indians: .Major Ccipc telling tlieiu ho Avould write to his Tirother the G(.vernor. 'J'hat when they had near h'nished the Busin \\\i'\- were sent u])on, !Mr .IJaniH'rman with Foui' Jfands went ashore in the lloat and was Surprist'd and taken I'risoner with his People. I'hat the Indians innnediatelv afterwards came on l)oard tho Slooi) after lirii •evera I s]u)t at them and seize d ^Ir. Cleave- ];uid ami him ■whom thev carried ashore and after a h)na: con su Itat ion amom tl lemselve •ee( 1 t o save Ins nie he (•alliiu himself a Frenchman tlu^ othei's they innnediatelv killed ^vith their hati'iiets and tool; off Ihiir scalps: Major Cope bi'agging ]uuch of iiis beiim- a miod Soldiei" in conductiuLi' this enterprizo, and other\va\'s distressinu' the KnLilis!i. That thev travelled I'rom then ce i)\' the 1 livei" Sliubenaccadie to Cobecpiid wheiH' they made a signal to tlie Inhal)itants, and coming to a Frenchman's liouse where Cope had lv)dg'd the f Peace, they demanded ])rovisions, which tho ar ticl i>s o d 1 renchman would nave excused Jnmsc Ih df 1 rom u'lvinu; lemanc 1- ing their oi'ders, on which th(3 Indians pnMluced a Papei signed Dehiusett, (a French Ollicer connnanding at Fort baspa ro,) winch he was lesirei 1 tl r(>ad. It was addresse 1 to tho French Inhabitants, wherever this ])arty should go. and dated ^hu' tho 5th or Gth ; the substance as near as lio can rec(. ille cl was as foil OW; HALIFAX. G97 "Tin's is to commanfl all French Ii)l\!»l»itant!^ '' whorevor this Dutaclmioiit passes, to I'ui'iiish "them with anuiiunitioii and jjvovisions or " any otlier necessaries, they heing- upon tho " King's duty going to Chebucto. pr. mo, Delausett. The ])rovision.s having been received tho Deponent l>y t)rdei of tho Indians wrote out a Certificate for the French- man lor Six Pounds o^' Powder and one hundred and lifty balls, which they had received in passing and ibr one Pullock one barrel of Hour baked into bread, and twelve or fourteen pounds of tobacc:/. Ifere they called lor tho Articles of Peace, which the Deponent having begun to read to tlu^n, they snatched them out of his hands and afterwards threw them into tho fire, telling him that was tho way they made Peace with the English. From this ])lace they marched to Tagmagouche, and from thence to Ivimshe([ue, wliero the signal was again made: here the Pcponent met an old lame Indian who told him that two Englishmen, who killed two Indian men, three women and two children had lieen shipwrecked and stai'ving on tho Coast, and two of their peo])le drowned, that the Indians had taken great care of them, promising to return them to their Friends, and treated them with great (Vinfidenco, till tlicy traitrously took tho advantage when tho Indians were asleep to destroy them. That tho Indians never had been used to kill chihlren; but that they would be avenLi'od and for the future would not even s[)aro the ("liild in the Mother's AVomb. This relation the l)e[)onoiit had afterwards couHi'mod to him by Joseph JMoi'ris at Louisbourg. That being joined there by a numl)er of Indians they sot out and arrived at Pay Verte, at a French Ifort called (Jasparo where the French OfHcer com]>lainod much of the English especially for tho Childs being kilKl without na[)tism : Hero tho Deponent was examined by the Priest, what Countryman he was, to which he answered, he was a F.i -ichman, and several other questions to sound him, and ilie Officer was very iiujuisitivo to know if tho Germans that had deserted Avere returned, adding that tho Count do Raymond was very angry they had been sent back as they came not under the Cartel. lie likewise enquired if the Settlement was made at Merligash, what strength they had tlicvii '-'d ^ ow they wero COS NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMKNTS. j ' fortified: Wliiil troops there was at Halifax, how many and what camion was in the forts. That th(^ Indians then (.'arried him to their C^imp, wlici'e lie thinks there were; ahont Five; Ilnndrecl of them assi-mlded, liere the ('hiefs held a (/oiisultalion in a eirclo he kneelin,:^ ill th»! center, and his ransom was lixed at three hnndred Livros, which he was instantly to jiay, or he scalped: I'ut one Jac(|nes Morris, a French Inhabitant, p,-eneronsly paid down the money for his ransom, and told him he wonld do everv thill!:;' ill his power for the i'ln^'lish. n'as 'J'liat being sent for again to the Fort and examine ordered to go to L(jnisl>oiirg to {\\v Connt de Hayinou.i and a Vessel being tluMi ready to sail embarked and arrived thero upon the IGth .Inne N. S. That he was very jiarticnlarly examined by the Oovetnor, to whom he related the manner of his being tak'eii and pointed out his march \\\{\\ tlu! Indians on a map the (Jover- iior had then lying before him: Ifis l']xcellency insisted iiineli on the r)e[)onents being a native and subject to the King of France, and that lie ought to bo detained: Jle then eiapiired A\diat troops there was at ifaliiax, if the ►Settlement was made at Merligash and who comiiiiinded there. 'J'hat being remitted for I'urther Examination to Mr. Loutre the Priest, that gentU'iniin treated him with very al)nsivo language and inveiu'hed bitterly against ^Ir. Cornw , and ht to ;, and rj" said that the I'iiiglish (lovernor if he wanted a i'eacc write to him and iu)i treat with the Tail of ve Indi seeinM desirous that the Deponent shon'd tell the (Jovernor so: That he knew Mr. llopson, and if he would write to him he was not afraid to come to Halifax, if not, the l']iig!isli might build as many forts as they ])lcased ; bnt he wou'd take care tliev shou'd not not come out of them, tor he was resolved to torment tliei n w itli his Indians, and desired that the Governor might declare War accordingly: That as he this Deponent \vas ransom'd before his arrival he had lea\o to de[)art, but that the (irst lOiiglishman who came in his ^vay he was resolved to detain, till he had full satisfaction both for himself and his Indians. That the De[)onent again waited upon the Governor, who gave him his Pass, and at the same time desired him to tell Governor ITopsoii, lie would be willing to liv(,> with him in a iFriendly manner, and that if Mr. llopson would send him directions concerning the Annai»(.>lis kSchooner taken by the Indians, he would be glad to servo him. s^'i'^m HALIFAX. C9U Treat;/ of Pence and Frloulihip cotcludcd ?>// tlio rTonoriihle tJoNATiiAX J»i:i.('m:it Ks(/nirc President of His Majcstfs i'oune'd and Coniniandcr in Chiif in and, over His Majis ii/'s Province of Nova, Scotia or Acadia d-c (('•(• rf'c with JosKi'ii Shauhcfiolouiost of the Meriniirhi TrU>e utraj4C shall haj)|)en to bo connnitted by any of my Tribe, Satisi'action A: J{estitution shall bo miide to the ]ierson or persons Injured. That neither 1 nor my Tribe shall in any marnier entice any of his said Majesty's Troops or .'-oldiers to desert, nor in any manner assist in convoying- them away ; but on the contrary will do our utmost endeavours to brin^' them back to their Com- [tany i{e.u'imont Fort or Carrison to M'hich they shall belong-. That if any (^uarrell or Misunderstandins;' shall hapi)en betwixt myself and the English, ov between th(;m and any of my Tribe neither I nor they shall take any private Satisfac- tion or Revenge but we will apply for lledress according to the Laws established in His ^lajestys Donn'nions. I'hat all English prisoners made l)y myself or my Tribe shall be set at libertv; and that we will use our utmost (uulea- vours to ])revail on the other Ti-ibes to do the same, if any prisoners shall hap{)en to bo in their hands. And I do fui'tiior ])roinise for mysidf and my Tribe that we will not either directly or indirectly assist any of the ]<]nemies of His most Sacred Majesty King George the third his JFeirs or Successors, nor hold any manner of Commerce Trallick nor intercourse with tliem, but on the contrary will as much as may be in our power discover and make known to ITis Majesty's Governor, any ill designs which may be formed or contrived against Ilis Majesty's Subjects. And I do further Engage that avo will not Traflick, J3arter, or Exchange any 700 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Commodities in any manner, Lnt witli siicli person or tlio Mana,ti'ors of such Truckliouses as sliall be appointed or establisluMl by Tlis ^rajesty's Governor at Fort Cumberland or e]se\vh(3re in Nova Scotia. And for the more efl'ectual Security of the due performance of this Treaty and every part thereof, I do ))romise and engaj^'c that a certain number of persons of my Tribt; wliich shall not be less in number than Two persons shall on or before tlie Twenty iirst day of September next reside as Ilostag'os at Fort Cumberland or at place or places in this Province of Nova Scotia or Acadia shall be ap])ointed for that ])ur[)oso l)y Ilis Majesty's Governor of said I'rovince, ^vhich IIosta,!4'es shall be exchanged for a like number of my Tribe when re(piested. And all these foregoing Articles and every one of them made with H ^-■j I •1 I do promise for myself and in l.)ehalf of my Tribe, that we ■will most strictly keep and observe in the inost solemn maimer. In Witness Avhereof 1 have hereunto put my ^hirk and Seal at Halifax in Nova Scotia this Twenty-lifth d.iy of June One thousand Seven hundred and Sixty one and in the First year of His Majest^^'s lleigii. his JOSEPH SAlJEdlOLOUCT. :\hix (F(ir l.ii'iit. (iovornor Bolclier, 11th Jany. 17(!l'.) An (iccoinif 0/' t/ie Lands called ihe Comnons near f/ie Town of Jfali/a.f, draiuii up bij Order of the Llet.denant Governor Conunander In, Chief. The State of the Connnons as near as I can remember was thus — In th(^ year IT-'jO the new SettlcM's applied to Governor Connvallis for land on the Peninsula of iraliflvx, who ordered me to Survey the Same and to rejxu't what numbcM- of acres, there Avere on 1' Peninsula exclusive of the Town and Suburbs, to be gra I, which was accortlingly done. 1 then lentioned to the Goveriu)r of my own accord that I ai»j)rehenikMl it would be convenient and neci'ssary to resei've a ((uantity of Lands in Connnt)n between tiio Town and Sul)urbs, and tiie lands [)roposed to be granted (it being at that time covered with woods) for the beneiit of the HAIJPAX. 701 Iiiliiibitrtiits and Soldiers to prevent a trespass or contention that ini^lit arise by cutting wood on lots wliicli would become private ])ro])crty, observing at the same time that if the Town sliould ever be fortitied the lands would riMuain Avithout any incumbrance. That as tliese lands alter th(>y were cleared ol' its wood would naturally bo stocked with grass they might hereafter serve for a conunon pasture for the Inhabitants all which was approved by tiie Governoi', and I ^vas ordcriul to form a plan accordingly, which being laid before the Governor and Council was ap})roved of, and a. plan representing the said land reserved in connnon together with the Town Suburbs, and all the Lots laid out on the Peninsula was soon aft c!r transmitted to the Board of Trade. That the lands so denoted Common were reservcrnor Law- rence for part of those lands, which was granted in cas;e the said lands should not be wanted for Fortification, and ^[r. Woiunan an inhabitant obtained a grant of pai't, that Mr. Bulkeley having a lot granted him not of these reserved lands but next adjoining, intending to enclose the same Avith a stone wall, ^fhe Engineers informed him that according to their plan of Fortifying, the front of his lot would be wanted, and therefore Governor Lawrence desired that the front of his Lot should be left out, and an equal (piantity granted from the reserved lands- -all the other Lots are on the declivity of the Ilill and will be comprehended within the l>ody of tho Works if the Town be fortified and are only ini}»roved by verbal leave or conditioned to be resigned. That no Officer in the Government to my knowledge was ever possessed of one foot of the said reserved lands except the lands given to ^[r. Bulkeley in exchange lor lands left out bv him for the lines. (Signed) CIIAS. MOB K IS, Chief Surveyor. 702 KOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. At a Cmincil of War held at the Governors house in Hall' fax on Saturday the 10th. July 17G2. Present — The Houble Jona. Belcher, Esqr., Lieut. Govr. of Xova Scotia, The riij,lit Ilonble lord Colvill as commander in Chief of His JMajestys Ships in North America, Colonl. Ivichard Bulkeley of the Halifax Militia, JNIajor Genl. Bastide, Coio. Wm. Forster, Lt. Colo. Hamilton, Lt. Colo. Winslow. The Council having taken into consideration the several AfTidavitts nifide and iiitellig'oncc recc jd with regard to five men of War of the enemy's Fleet having landed a JJody of troops in the Bay of ]>ulls in Newfoundland and demol- ished the stores and fishery there and also that they had got ])ossession of the port of St. John's upon that Island, and being ai)i)rehensive that tlie enemy might make some attempts on this town and Harbour, Came to the following resolutions for the Speedy and nu)re etfectual deffence of the same. 1. That the small Island called Thrum Cap be a[)plo}ed with his Vessel to bring in any french Neutrals that may be out a fishing upon the Coast or in the Harbors to the Eastward, together with their boats and shallops, that a small party be allowed him ; tt that he bo properly rewarded for the same as a Jklilitary Service. i .•i^- HALIFAX. 703 C. It having been proposed to the board tliat a battery or batteries should be erected at Doint Pleasant, the same was agreed to, and resolved that ISFajor Genl. Bastide should give such directions therein as he may judge the most ex])edient, and also that the ground near the Dock yard be viewed by the Engineers, that such Works or Batteries as may tend to its security, tfe as shall be approven of by the Commander in Chief of His ^fajcstys Ships, be as soon as possil)lo Carried into Execution, and that the Damage done to private property by such Works be ascertained that the same may be made good. 7. Tiiat Three or more Guns be added to the Three Gun or South Battery. 8. That the State of the Island IJatteries having been considered, resolved that the same be put into such a posture of deffence as has been pointed out in the Engineers report, who visited The same with Colonel Forster, as far as may be found ])racticablc with our present numbers. 9. That the walls of the Eastern Redoubt be repaired as soon as possible, and that it remain in that Situation till further orders. Jonathan Brlcher, J. 11. Bastide. CoLviLL, Wm. Forster, FuEDK. Hamilton. Job Winslow. At a Council of War, held at the Governors House in Hali- fax on Monday 12th July 17G2. (In continuation.) Present — The Honble. Jonathan Belcher, Esq., Lieut. Governor of Nova Scotia, The Right Honble. Lord Colvill as Commander in Chief of Ilia Majestys Ships in North America. jNIajor Genl. Bastide, Coionel Wm. Forster, Lt. Colo. Hamilton, Lt. Colo. Winslow. The Council having read over and approved the Minutes of the lOth Instant, the same were signed. Resolved that the Island Battery be Reinforced with an Officer and a Detachment to make the whole command forty men, Hi lOt NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Tiiat tlio Party at tlie Eastern Battery bo coinpleatcd to Thirty. Tliat a Dotacliinont of a Captain, Throe Subaltorns, four Sergeants, four Corporals S: a ITundred Privates of the Pro- vineials be ordered and ^AFareli to ^forrow Morning, and en- cam]) at Pleasant point on the spot that shall bo directed by the Engineers attending; in order to erect a Battery of Ten Nine pounders agreeable to the Pesolution of the 10th Instant. That an Anned Vessel and a Party be stationed in the most comnuxb'ous place in the k^outh East passage, for preventing any Boats, Shallops, or other Vessels from going out or coming in by that channell without a pass[)ort. That the French Neutrals who are at work for the Inhabi- tants in Kings County and County of Annapolis bo ordered to Halifax as soon as possible. That as there is occasion for all the Forces that can be got upon the present Emergency, such !Men as have (led I'rora Newlbnndland may be enlisted to servo as Provincial Troops for a Time to be agreed on, and that they have pay from this Government and Provisions from the Kings Store as they are at pres(;nt in great Avant and distress. That if His Excellency Generl. Amherst should hereafter disa])rove of issuing provisions from the Kings Stores to these peo])le or to any Troops that may bo entertained, whetlior Militia or others doing Bnty, then that the Tiicjut. Governor take jiroper measures to have such Provisions as shall bo so issued or the Value thereof rei)]ace(l. That Colonel Denson be desired to make a Draught of One IlundrcMl i^ron of the ^lilitia of Kings County, and ^farch them to Halifax in the mainnn' he shall jndge the most pi'oper and Expeditious, and that this Detachment tlo serve as Giuird for escorting the french Neutrals that are employed in Kings County to this place. Jonathan Belcher, COLVILL, J. IT. Bastide, \V,A[. FORSTEll, FuEDK. Hamilton, Job. Winslow. HALIFAX. 705 At a Council of War, lield at the Governor's TTonse in Tlalifax ou 'riiursday loth July 1702. (In continuation.) Prksent — The ITon1>lo. Jonathan Bolchor, Esqr., Lieutenant Governor .f N ova ►Scot la, TIic liiulit llonble. Lord Colvill, as Commander in Cliief of iliri ^liijci^ty's Shij)s In Nortli America, ^Ia)\)r Gonei'al jjastidc, Colonel Forster, J A. (\)loni>l Hamilton, Lt. Colonel Winslow. Lord Colvill acquainted the Council of War iiMvi'iting that ho had })laced the Northumberland, the only Kinu's Shi|) with him, about half a ]\Iile above the Narrow pass of Man;2,ers beach, nearly in the j\Iid Chaiuiel, that ho thinks this ]iosition the best for Essential kSerN'ice, untill there sliall be I>atteries Constructed with which Her Guns may Co-operate ; and ho also acquainted the board that if a more Kb\i;-il)le Situation is pointed out the Ship may be Moved immediately — That ho is flaking' a IJoom of Timber and Iron Cliains of one hundred and twenty fathom long- to Hun across the North West arm — That he lias prepared a Sett of Signals for giving Notice of the Enemies api)roach and that he has Wrote Orders for tho Master of the Sloop Appointed to lye in the South East Pas- sage ; all which he Submitted to the Opinion of the Council. Which re})ort and papers having been Read over and con- sidered were unanimously Ap[)roved of. Kesolved that to Support it [)rotect the Iloom in the North- west arm two Sloops of the Largest Size that can be found, bo immediately taken into the Service and properly maimed and Armed. That arms and ammunition be delivered out of tho Stores to such of the Newfoundland Voluntiers as may enter into tho Service ami, For tlic better (lisci[)Iining the ^Militia of Halifax, that orders be given for their Encanq)ing on such Ground as shall be thought the most convenient as soon as tho proper materials and Camp E(piipage can bo provided. Jonathan Bklciieii, J. H. Bastide, Colvill, Wm. Forstkr, Fredk. Hamilton, Job Wjnslow. 4S 706 KOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. At a Council of \Ynr held at tlic Governor's House in Halifax on Friday the 23d July, 17G2. (In continuation.) Present — The TTon1)lo. Jonathan Belcher, Lieut. Governor of Nova Scotia, The Ki,iilit Konble. Lord Colvill as Comr. in Chief of His ^lajesty'tj Ships in North America, Colo. Richd. Bulkeley, Major Genl. Hastide, Colo. Wni. Forster, Lt. Colo. Hamilton, j\Iaj\)r Fat. Sutherland, # i'c * it * * •;> Major General Bastide gave in the following Report in writing, vixt. : Halifax, 23d July, 1762. "Major General Bastide acquaints the Council that in pur- suance of their resolution of the 10th instant for erecting: a Battery or Batteries at point pleasant, Two have been made and the Guns mounted on them, vi/t., Ten Nino poundcM's on the liarbette Battery, to defend, with the armed Slooj) within the boom, the entrance of the North- West Ai'm ; and Fight 24 pounders on the breast work Battery towanls the entrance Letwoeu this point and that of Cornwallis's Island; and that the Bai'bette Battery of three 24 ]K)unders at the South End of this Town has been enlarged and four 24 ])ounders added." " He further accjuaints this Board, that a detachment of Two Hundred men of the Provincial Regiment, went over two days ago, to bogin clearing the Brush and underwood at the point of Cornwallis's Island, whereon a post and Battcny has been proposed (if our numbers will admit of a sullicient de- tachment to occupy it) and that he hopes to be able to spare about a hundred and fifty men more fnmi jioint pleasant tomorrow for Cornwallis's Island to hasten the Clearing of that Ground, which is greatly encumbered with Roots and Loggs of decayed Trees as well as underwood ; as soon as that is done it will be carefully measured and a Report made to this Board in what manner such a Post and Battery must necessarily be constructed and what n'.nnber of men will be wanted to man the Battery, and defend it at the same time." Jonathan Belciieu, J. H. Bastide, Colvill, Wm. Fokster, Richd. Bulkeley, J. Hoai?, Fkedk. Hamilton, Pat. Sutherland. V. P A P E Pv S RELATING TO THE FIRST ESTABLISHMENT OF A REPRESENTATIVE ASSEMBLY IN m)YA SCOTIA, 1755-1761. »Ji ■ 1 , -J If^SH NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Extract from a letter of Governor Lawrence to the Lords of Trade d' Plantations. Jany. 12th, 1755. I {ic(|uaintcd 3'our Lordships in a former Letter tliat Mr. l^ownall liad, as from your Lordships ex|)ressed to tlio Chief Justice some doubts about the Leji-ishitive authority of the Council, 1 now transmit your Lordships liis opinion tlieroon it is a case I am by no moans a compcitent judge of but that power has hitherto passed uiKpiestioned in this (colony, and I I doubt not but your Lordships are well satisfied by both the Governors that have gone home, how impossible it is in our present circumstances, to call an assembly, and what number- less inconveniences would attend the collecting* a set of people, such as are to bo found in this Province, in that shape, until wo are better prepared for it, or it is in their power to grant money towards defraying the public expenco. Extract from a Letter of the Lords of Trade and Plantations to Governor Lawrence, dated Whitehall, May 7th, 1755. Lnmediately upon the receipt of your Letter, We took into Consideration the observations made by the Chief Justice upon the jiower of the Covernor k Council of Nova Scotia, to pass Laws without an assembly, and as it appeared to us to be a matter of very great consequence. Wo transmitted those observations together with such parts of His Majesty's Com- mission and Listructions iis related to the passing of Laws to His Majesty's Attorney & Sollicitor Genl. for their opinion upon this point and having received their Report, we herewitli inclose to you a copy of it for your Guidance and Direction, and though the calling an Asseml)ly may in the present cir- cumstances of the Colony be didicult and attended with somo s?. 710 NOVA SCOTIA D0CUMENT3. Tncoiivcni(Mi('ios, yotfistlio Attorney and Sollicltor Ocnoralaro of opinion tluii tlu; (3(jvurn()r and Connt-il liiivo no power to enact Laws we cannot see how the Ouvcrniucnt can be pro- perly carried on without such an Assembly ; We desiro therefore you will immediately consult with his Majesty's Chief Justices in what manner an Assembly can be most properly convened, ol" what number of members it shall consist, how those members shall be elected, and what Rules and methods of Proceeding it may bo necessary to pn^scribo for them, transmitting to us as soon Jis possible Your (.)[)inion and Report thereui)on, in as full and explicit a manner as possible, to the end We may lay this matter beibre His Majesty for His Majesty's further Directions therein. As the \'ali('ity however of the Laws enacted by th(} Gover- nor and Conned or the authority of those acting under them do not api)ear to have been hitherto (questioned, It is of the greatest consequence to the Peace and Welfare of the Pro- vince that the opinion of ITis ^[ajesty's Attorney tfe Sollicitor General shoidd not be made ])ublie nntill an Assembly can be convened and an Indemnilication jiassed for such Acts as have been tVi:o under Laws enacted without any proper authoi'ity. To the lii'jM ITonhlc. the Lords Commissioners for Trade and Flantatlons : May it Please Your Lordships, — Pursuant to your Lordships' desiro Signilled to Us by Mr. Hill in his Letter of the .'Ust of ^larch last setting forth, That a doubt having arisen whether the Governor and (\)uncil of llis ^Iajest}''s Province of Nova Scotia have a Power of enacting Laws within the said Province and Jonathan Relclier Esqr. having transmitted to Your Lordships his observations thereupon inclosing to LTs a Copy of the said Observations together with Copys of several clauses in the Connnission and Listructions of the said Governor of that Province referred to (all which are herewith returned) and desiring our opinion, whether the said Governor and Council have or have not a Power to enact Laws for the public Peace, Welfare and good Goverrnnent of the said Province and the People and the Iidiabitants thereof. We have taken the said Observations and clauses into Our Consideration and are humbly of opinion that the Governor nousE or assembly. 711 and r'oiiiR'il alono arc not iiutliorixed by His Majesty to nuiko Laws till tlujre can bo an Assembly. His Majesty has ordered the Government of the Infant Colony to be ])nrsnant to his Commission and liistrnetions and such fiuther Directions as He shoidd give under his Si{j;n Manual or by Order in Council. All which is humbly subnutted to Your Lordships Con- Bidcration. (Signed) WM. MURRAY. mClID. LLOYD. April 29th, 1755. Governor Lawrence to Lords of Trade (f- Plantations. Halifax, 8th December, 1755. My LoiiDS, — 1 liave the honor by tin's opportunity to transmit to }'our Lordships the ojiinion of the Chief .Justice upon the manner of convening an Assembly in this Province. Tho' this is a matter, that in niuny of its parts, I urn by no means (pialiiied to judge of, yet I think it my duty to lay before your Lord- shi])s such rellections as have occurred to mo upon so im])ortant a subject. The general necessity of convening an assemldy upon account of the i)resent invaliditv of the laws, l)eing altogether 1 %/ inn a point ot law, I can say no moi'o upon that head than that tho Laws are chielly such, as it appeared indispensably necessary to make, for the good regulation of tho Town of ITalifax and the encouragement of its commerce, they wei'c mostly made at the request of the Merchants, or the people whom they concerned, who have been perfectly satisfied therewith and have noN'cr made; tho least question of their validity that ever I heard, I have been avcII informed that at the first establishment of the Colony of Virginia, Laws were enacted in the same manner and continued in force until an Assembly could be easily convened for their confirmation. The enchxsed opinion seems to be founded upon the neces- sity of performing a promise miule to the first Settlers of their having an Assembly. I believe from the first settlement of the rrovince to the present time the Governor has been required by the 8Gth Instruction to call an Assembly, by causing two ^rombers to be elected for each Townshi|), but as the Town of Halifax is the only place qualified to elect ■M •% ii 71; NOVA RCOTIA DOCUM FONTS. two niiMiiIuTs, tlicy alone would not lie sulliriciit to (orni an Asscnilily, lIiiTclnre 1 liuiiilily apprclK'nd sni'li a prdniisc, cannot in ai^- wiso l)o said to liavo Ix.mmi brokt^ tlMc»iiy,Ii, but n") itH |»orroi'nian('c not yet hcconio [jossiltk^, by tbo (•ii'(,'nni.staiiL'os ot" till' I'l'ovinfu'. As to tlio niannor proposed by tlio Cliicf Justice lor eonveiiiiiL;' an Assi'Mibly at present, by eleetin;j; 12 jNIouiliers Inr the I'rovinee in the foi'ni of a County Election if it is to be any prooodent lor I'uturt! elections, it will bo attended \\ith;i N'erv ^reat incnn\eniene(3. As it is to beheld at Nalilax, wiiich most likely will imt be the residenci,' of the landed ])t'o]ile, but of the Mei'chants, the Ibrnier whose well being is mueh more connected willi the secui'ity of the I'ro- vince, will be niostlv excluded and the AssembK- cliicdlv c(tniposed orI( DiHi- culties Avliii'h will iiiiso in ciinTiiif^ this or Miiy other plan for an Assciiihly into KxiH-ution in tho present state of the pro- vince and that many of the Inconveniences ))ointe(l ont iii vonr Ijetter must noeossarilv attend it, yet Wo cannot but bo of Opinion, that the want of a prop(T authoi'ity in the (iovor- nor and ("ouncil to enact such Laws as must he absolutely nccessaiy in tlu" Administration of Civil (jovernment, is an Ineonvonienco and I'^vil still g-i-eater than all these ; and altho' His Abijesty's subjects may have hitherto accpiiesced in and submitted to the Ordinances of the (Governor and Coun- cil, N'et we can \\y no nu'ans think, that that or any other reason can juslifv the continuam-e of the Ivvereise, of an illei^al authority: what you say with I'e^ard to the Council of Viri^inia's ))!issin,[i,' laws in the iirst iid'ancy of that Colony is veiT tiue; but then they d(;rived tln^ Power of doinjj,' it from their (4)mmission, which was also the case of many other of tlio Colonies at their iirst settlement, tho' it was a J'o\ver of very shoit Duration, and in later times since tho Constitution of this Country has been restored to its true })rinci[)K's has never been thou^^'lit advisable to bo executed. Whether the nu'asure pi'oposod by tho Chief Justice is or is not a proper one de|)ends upon a |)rociso knowled.^e of a variety of Facts whicdi we at this distance cannot be com- petent Jud^-es of; l>ut Avhether that or any otli(>r [)lan is tel- lowed it will only be a t(imj)orary I'lan and in no degree a precedent for future Assomblys when tho circumstances of thi; Province will ailmit of other Kegulntions. The iirst Assembly Convened be it in what l\irm it Avill, must necessarily consist of Persons of J'ro})erty in Trade, because tli(M'e is no Person who can be truly said to hav(^ auv considerab|(> landed Interest, until the (.'uuntry is cleared and the Lands laid out, yet it may be proi)er and it will be neces- sary to take care, that a certain landed ]>roperty, bo it ever so small, be the Qualilication as wndl ol' the Electors as tho Elected, because the Connuission direi;ts that the Assembly shall be chosen by tho nr.ijority of the Freeholders. The Election of twelve Persons or of any greater or lessor number to represent tho whole Province considered as one County, may bo a proper method as far as appears to us, Imt this nnist lie left to your Discretion, who, by being u])on tho xSpot will be better able to determine upon this ])oint, pcM'liaps a Division of tho Province into Districts or Townships may be tho more eligible method, for altho' IJalilax is at present I ''.V. «s?s^ 714 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. tlie only Town in wliicli tlicro arc any Inlinbitanls qnnlilicM] to 1)0 Electors or Klectcd, yot as it is not i)ro[)os(;(l lliat actual Kesidenro slionld bo I'cquired in order to (]nality a IVm-sou to act in oitlior one or otln'r of tlio ('i)))acitys, tliu niidnly throw out ibi- your ('onsi(i(M'atioii and desire it may bo undei'stood, that this point is Iclr tn your discretion under the Powers given you by your <.'onnnission. I'liis IxM'ng settleil. Tlu^ next C'onsitlcralion will he the form of the \\'rit oi' Summons, the manner of e.xeculin;^' it and the |)revious ))oints to be settled bel'ore the Asseml)ly pi'(ice(;ds ujjon Ibisint'ss, so far as regards the l']lectioii ol a >i)eaker anil the liulos to be observed with respect Id I>iss(»lutions, I'rorogations and Adjtiurnments : as to all wliit-h I'oiiits, We must refer you to the inck)sed Co|)y (•!' the form of a Writ madi.' use of in the Province cf Xi'W llam|ishirr, which aj)- j)ears to us (regard being had to the differc'iit circumstances of the two J'rovinces) the best adapted to the iuirpose,and to the enclosed (\)|)ies of the Jnstructii)ns lately given to the GoN'crnor of (Jcorgia and to the mcmbi>rs of tic Council of that Province, showing the manner in wliii-h tlit>s(^ Instruc- tions wcri! cai-ried into execution. Tht're is one part of the Chief Justices pro|)os;il liowever which we can by no moans approve of, and which must be partii'idiirly guarded against, and that is the continnant'o of the lirst Assembly for ."> years which might be and probahly W(juld he altendi'd with gn-at inconveniiMiccs. for, altlio' We have no doubt but that the lii'st Assembly \\ill In- constituted of jM'opi'r Persons and Persons well disposal to promote tho Pii' lie Sei'vice. yer it may liap|>(Mi either li'om soni" Dideet in the lirst formation of the Assemlily or from their irregular aiul im[)roper Proceedings, that tlie (Jovi'riior may lind it necessary ibr the gooil of tlu' service to dissolve them and as it would be highly impropiM' that his hands should, in such case be tied up, We thought it neee.>ssary to say thus much U[)on this Point, as it ap|)ears to us of great conse(pienee. Another inconvenienet> neci'ssary to be guarded against is long Sessions, which will not only be attendeon this important question, and it only remains for us to (h'siro that you will take* tlie earliest o|)portunity alter the first 8essi(.>n of the Assembly to ac(piaiiit us in the t'tillest and most partieuliir laamier of all the ste])s you have t.dven in this matter, of tlu^ ell'ect and oj)eration of this measure with I'e- gard to the Public Service, pointing out to us at the same time the Conveniences and Inconveniences of it, how far the Plan on which yon ]»roceeded is defective, the cause of those Defects, and in what maimer you would projiose to have them remedyed to the end that we may lay the whole matter before His Majesty and the Plan ibr luture Assemblys ascertained by- proper Instructions to you. Extrad from Letter of Lorch of Trade to Governor Lawrence. WiUTEnxLL, July ye 8th, 17')G. We have in our Letter to you dated the l2.")th of !March last, given you our Sentiments at large upon the Propriety and mi'tliod iA' Summoning an Asseinlily, and as AVe are fully convinceil t)l' the ex|>ediency of t!iis measure and are satisHod that until it lie done, this Infant Colony cannot be truly suid to be upon a ])ermanent and lasting Establishment. Wo hope you will have thoroughly considered this matter and carrietl our directions into Kxecution. We have no doul't but that all His Majesty's Subjects in Xova Scotia enjoy tlieir Kights and iiil)ertys to (he full extent under (he ]»i'esent foriri of («i)vernment, Iiut until an Assembly is establishcil, nialexo lent and ill designing men will take occasion to complain and misre[)resent things to th" jirejiidice of the Colony, and even the best disposed (jf Jlis ^hij(}sty's Subjects there, will l)0 uneasy undei' (he present form of (Jovernment, a, I'etition setting f(U-(h the Inconveiu'ency i-esultiug from the want of an Assembly, having already bccji tj'ansinitted. 716 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Extract from a letter of Gov. Lawrence to the Lords of Trade and Plantations. Haltfax. Ird November, 17')G. In iiiv letter to your Lordsliipy of tlio 14tli of Octol)or last, Aviiich was forwarded by way of Jjostoii, I had the lioiior to aefiuaint you ol" iny intentions to wait on my Lord Loudoun at New York, and that u|)on my return, the business of a house of rc])resentatives recunnnen(h;(l l)y your Lordships, "whieli from the absenec of the Chief Justice u|»i'ii the Conti- nent for sonuj time past, eould not be sixmer attended to, irih(ndd be set abcuit with all convenient dili,i;enee. JJut sineo tlie receipt ot your rjordshii)s last letter, and of one IVom the Secretary ot State, J have laid aside my desi^-n of visitin^t; my Ijord Loudoun at letist for the present, and as the Chief Justice is now arrived, 1 shall as soon as the business oi' the Supremo (!!()urt, in a\ hich he is now deei)1y enica^cd is over, j)roceed to the consideration of ^\•llat your Ijordships have ))i'opi)sed in that respect, and in the mean tinu.' 1 take the liberty to (uiclosi- to your Ijordships some remai.'ks upon the expediency o( tin"-; measure, luiinlin.u nut the difi'erent objec- tions A' the difliculties ^\■e at present kJioui' under in order to )ave the way Ibr carr\in"' it into execulinn S: wliii'h vnur iorOship.- look ujKUi as M) essentially necessary to the ])eiMua- lishment ol this Infant Coloiiv, which iient and lastin^ii,- I'stab remarks when your Loi'dsIii|)s shall have mature!}' considered, 1 Jiatter myself you will a,L;'r(H> with me in oiu'nion that in our ])resent critical situation it will be no easy matter to oliviate the many difliculties which naturally arise in Wie makin,Li' such alterations in the pi-esent foian of (Joveriunent as youi' Lord- ships liave now ]»ropose( 1. J an with L-reat truth assure your liordships that 1 know not of (uu; instiuico wherein his .Majestys subjects in Nova Scotia lia\t' bi.-cn in tiie least mo- lested in the enjoyniciit of their ri^LLhls ;ind libeiiics to the full extent, nmh'r the jji'cscnt form of Covernmeiit and that since 1 have had the honor io be entriislcd with the manage- luent of the l'i't)vinc(> afl'uirs, I liaNc done mv utmost eixlea- vours to li'ivc satisl'iict iiiu to esery j' n in it. Uut in\' Lordt it is impossilde for me to redress |)retcude(l _!;i'iovances that I luive never been iufni'ined of nor can I indeejec- )r(ler to rh youv prnuii- :, wliiob •tillered, t in our (,!iviate W'j: snrh ii- Lord- ire your •in his a>t nio- 1o the 11(1 that Inianajjje- It eiideii- iv Lords Is that I lire \vlia.t litioncrs liiu'onve- Ih I oer- lunily know, that those very persons w!io wore so forward in pushing this niiitter durini;- Mr. CornwalHs's (loverninent seem now to be entirely ol' opinion that a House of Re[)resentatives in the present [xisture of alfairs, instead of obviating- tlie incon- veniences cornphiined of wouhl serve only to creates heats, ani- mosities and disunions amongst the [)eo[)le at a time when the enemy is as I may say at our doors, and when the whole should join together as one man for their mutual safety and defence. That tliere are malevolent and ill designing men who will take occasion to rnisrei)resent things to the jtiH'jndice of the Colony and that there are S' ne such in this [ilaee 1 ha\e some reason to conclude. Tiiei^e mv Lords will be alwavs the same under any (jrovernment, not from any particular regard for their Country, or to the advantage and prosperity of the Colony but iVom \-iews and motives of a very dilVerent and })erhaps not so disinterested a nature. But that the well disposed [)art of His Majesty's subjects here should be in the least uneasy under the [)resent form of (Jovernment, I have not the least reason to surmise, because they have never signilied any thing of it to me ; and I dare say, if any of them have joined in tlie Petition your Lordships make mention of, they have been led into it througli inadvertency and the specious pretences of the i)(M"soiis I have been just describing. IJut whatever might be their inducement at that time I have the most just grounds to bo satisfied that they arc now of a quite dillerent way of thinking. At a Council holden at the Governors House in Halifax on Friday the 3d Deer. 175(), Present — His Excellency the Governor, The Lieutenant Governor, J>enj. Green," Jno. Collier, Robt. Grant, Chas. Morris. Jonathan llelcher Esip-. took the Oaths as a Member of His Majesty's Council of this Province, and his Heat at the J>oard. 1 1 is ExceIl(Micy then communicated to the Council some Proposals which Mr. Chief Justice Ikdcher had laid before liim the last Year for Calling a House of Representatives, and which ho had at tliat time transmitted to their Lordships Councs. 718 NCVA SCOTIA DOCUMESTS, oftlic Board of Trade for their consideration. His Excellency also communicated Extracts from two letters which he had received from their Lordsln'pa on that head, wherein they had directed him to take sucii measures as he should think most proper for calling- such a House, wherefore he desired the Council would give him their opinion and advice thereon. The Council then proceeded to consider what measures ■would be most proper to he taken for convening- the Assembly, but not comiuf; to any resolution thereon, they adjourned the further consideration thereof to Monday next at Ten of the Clock in the forenoon. T r. nr.,.on. « p.,.o CIIAS. LAWREXCE. Jno. Duport, bee. Cone. At a Council holden at the Governors House in Halifax on Monday the 3rd Jany. 1757. Present — The Lieutenant Governor. Jonn. Belcher,] TBenj. Green, Jno. Collier, > Councs. < Chas. Morris, j ( Ilobt. Grant. His Excellency the Governor together with His ^^ajestys Council having had under mature consideration the necessary and most expedient mensures for carrying into Execution those parts of His Majesty's Commission and Instriictiou?; which relate tu the calling General Assemblies within Province, came to t'le I'ollowing Resolutions thereon, viz. That a House of Repr"^ason and River of Anna])()lis under the same Limits East and West, and to extend Southerlv till One hundred Thousand Acres be comprehended. That the Township of Cumberland in the District of Chig- necto, comprehend all the Lands lying bijtween the B ison formerly called Beaubassin, now calKMl Cumberland IJ.ison, and the J>ay Verte, and all those lands lying within Seven Miles of the Southwestward and Xorthwestward of the Road leading frt)m said Bason to said Bay. That when Twenty five Qualified Eh'ctors shall be si-ltled at Pisi(iuid, Minas, Cobe(piid, or any other Townships which may hereafter be erected, each of the said Townsliips so settlctl, shall for their encouragement be entitled to send one Representative of the General Asseiribly, and shall liki'wisc have a Right of voting in the Election of Representatives for the Province at large. 720 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. m .1 ' t's That tho ITonso sliull always consist of at least Sixteen members present,, besides the Speaker, before they enter upon Business. Tliat no person sliall be eliosen as a member of tlic said House, or shall have a liiji-lit of Votin"- in the Election of any Member of the said ILnisc, who shall be a Popish Recusant, or shall be under the Ai::e of Twenty One years, or who shall not at tho tiuie of such Election, bo possessed in his own Right of a Frc'ohold Estate within tho District for which ho shall bo EliHited, or shall so Vote, nor shall any Elector have more than One Vote for each Member to be chosen for tho Province at large, or f)r any Township ; and that each Free- liolder ])rcsent at sucli Election, and giving his Vote for one member 'or the Province at large shall be obliged to Vote also for t!je other Eleven. That respecting Freeholds which may liave been con- voyed by the Sheriff, by virtue of an Execution, the Right of Voting shall remain and be in the Persons from whom the same were taken in Execution, until the time of Redemption be elapsed. That no Xon-Commissioned OfTicnr or Private Soldier in actual v^ervice shall have a Right of Voting, by virtue of any Dwelling built upon SuHerance, nor any Possession of Free- hold, u! less the same be registered to him. That all the lOlectors shall, if so required at the time of the Election take the usual State Oaths appointed by Law, and declare and subscribe the Test. That any Voter shall at the request of any Candidate bo obliged to take the following Oath, which Oath together with tho State Oaths, the Returning Officer is hereby empowered to administer. '• I, A. B. do swear that I am a Freeholder in the Town- " ship of in the Province of Nova Scotiii. and '' have Freehold Lands or irereditainonts lying or being at •* Avithin the said Township, and that such Froe- " hold Estate hath not been made or granted to me fraudu- " lently on purj)ose to qualify me to give my vote, and that I " have not receiv(!d or had by myself, or any person whatso- '^ ever in Trust for me, or for my use and benelit, directly " or indii-ectly, any sum or smns of nu)ney, oflice, place or " employment, gift or reward, or any promise or security for '' any money, ufficj, employment or gift, in order to give *' my vote at this Election, and that I have not before been " Polled at this Election^ and that tho Place of my abode "is at u ttOUSfi OP ASSEMBLY* T»,' 721 ixteen r upon 10 said of a-ny cusavit, lo shall is own hich ho )V have for tho h Frec- for one to Vote on con- Right of liom the U^mption )hlicr in c of any of Free- lie of the jaAV, and lidate bo [her with Ipowered ie Town- ktiii. and Ibeing at Icli Free- frundu- id that I I) whatso- directly Iplace or lurity for to give )re been ly abode That «i precept be issued bv ITis !<^xccllency tho Governor lo tlie Provost 3i[arshal or Sheriff of the Province requiring In'm by himself or his Depntys to summon the Proeholders of tlie Province to meet withni their respective Districts, at some convenient place and time, to be by tlie said Provost Jthirshal or one of his Dopnties appointed, and of which ho or they shall give Twenty days Notice then and there to elect ^(agreeable to the Regulations hereby prescribed) such a nnn> ber of Ilcpvesentatives, as shall in the said precept be ex'^ J)ressed, agreeable to the ])veceding detail. That on account of the present rigorous season, the precept for Convening tho first Assembly be made returnable in Sixty ■days from the date thereof, at which time the Assembly shall ineet at such place as His Excellency the (governor shall "appoint in the Precc])t. That the Provost Marshal or his Deputy shall be tho return- ing officer at' the Elections, to be held by him with the Assis- tance of three of the Freeholders present, to be appointed and sworn by the returning officer for that purpose, and in case a scrutiny shall be demanded, tho same shall be made by tl.em, tfc in case of further contest the same to be determined by the House, The Poll for each Township to be closed at the expi- ration of Forty-eight hours from the time of its being opened^ and for the Province at large the Poll, after four days from the time of its being opened for the Election, shall be sealed up by the returning officer for each Township, and transmitted to the Provost Marshal by the first opportunity, that seasonable •notice may be given to the persons who vshall upon examination appear to have been chosen by tlio greatest number of the said votes. Provided nevertheless that if the votes in the Town- ships of Annapolis Royal and Cumberland for the first mem- bers for the province at large, shall not be returned Eight days before the expiration of tin; tinie limitted foi" returning the Pre- «ept, the Provost Marshal shall, in such case, proceed to declare who arc tho persons elected, from the other votes in his hands. That the Provost Marshal or his Deputy, shall appoint for each I andidate, such one Person as shall be nominated to him by each candidate, to be Inspectors of the returning officer «nd his Assistants. That no Person shall be deemed duly Elected who shall not have the vote of a majority oi the Electors present. That the names of all persons voted for together with Karnes of the Voters, shall at tho time of Voting bo pub- 46 722 KOrA SCOTIA DOt'CrXfKffTg. Pi lickly declared and entered on n Book kept for that ptn pose. That in case of the Absence of any of the Moinbcrs from- tlic Province, for the term of Tn'o months, it sliall and may be lawful for the Governor, Lieittenant Governor, or Commander- in-Chief (if he slr9ue hid Precept for the choice of others in tlieir stead. Thnt the Returning OfKcor shall cause the foregoing Roso-- lution ta be pviblicly rcail at tlie opening of each meeting for the Elections, and to govcrit the said Meetings agrceablo- thereto. CHAS. LAWRENCE. JnO'. Dui'ORT^ Hec. Cone. JUxtract from letter of Lords of Trade to Govr. Lawrence^ Whitehall, March 10th, 1757. W^e entirely agree in opinion witb you that in the present Situation of things and vexed and harrasscd as the Province- is by the llostilitioi of the French and Indians it will be in vain to attempt to induce hardy and industrious people to leave Possessions, which perhaps^ they muy enjoy 'm peace in- other Colonies, to come and settle in a Country whore tliey must be exposed to every distress and Calamity which the- most inveterate Enemy living in the Country and knowing' every Pass and Corner of it can subject them to, and there-- fore we do not desire, nor mean to press tliis measure upon you further than the Circumstances of the Province & of the times will admit of. It does not however appear to us that the same reasons da altogether, tlio' they may in part, operate against the calhng an Assembl}^ concerning which We have given our Oj)inion so fully and We hope so- explicitly in a for- mer Lette. titat no other difli-culties can remain tlran those which arise from tlie obstruction and Embarrassment which such a meusure may give to^ His Majesty's Service in time of War and which is a consideration that will liowever more or less weigh according to the maimer in -which the measure is carried into Execution, for whicli reason We thouglrt it proper after pointing' out to yon as clearly as We were able, the gene- ral light in which this matter appeared to Us, to Ictive it 1k> your Discretion to do it in such manner as you should think most proper, lest by prescribing any peculiar method We^ HOUSE OP ASSEMBLY. 723 ptll from ay be ludor- •ecopt Roso-- ng* for ccivblc bIioiiM lay yon uncler Difllciilties which onr Ignoranco of par- ticular facts would not permit us to foresee, and in this as well as in every other Direction contained in our Letter upon this subject the principal Point We had in view was to avoid ©very things that might give you unnecessary Trouble or Em- barrassment in the Execution of a measure which our unpre- judiced judgment suggested to us as absolutely necessary for the Peace, Welfare and Credit of the Colony, being one of the fundamental Principles upon which it Avas lirst established. lorcnce^ Extract from a letter of Govr, Lawrence to Lords of Trade & Plantations. Halifax, 9th November 1757. As the calling an Assembly is doubtless a point of great importance to the wolfiire , as served to obstruct tho well peopling and settling the evacuated and other valuable Lands within it. That those reasons and obstructions did heretofore, and dt) still subsist was the opinion not only of your liordships and myself but also of the most knowing of the most substantial and of the truest well wishers to the Colony's welfare, that are to bo found amongst its inhabitants. Of tho same opinion were the people of New England whose notions of liberty and of CJovernment your Lordships are too well acquainted with to need any account thereof from me, for when I Avas amongst them last winter I took every occasion of discovering their sentiments on this subject in order to be well satisfied whether there was any truth in tho reports that had been industriously propagated by some evilly disposed persons amongst us, that to the want of a House of Representatives it was principally owing that the evacuated lands were not already settled, the more I enquired into the truth of such reports the better I became convinced that they were without the least foundation. And I am further to- 724 NOVA SCOiTA DOCrMENTa. obsorvo to your Lordslilpa that no por.'^on wluvtovor witfr whom I liJivo convorscMl {iiid on whoHo jud^mont and advico I couhl tlio least rely, have of hito coiisiderod tho incasuro of calh'ri}^ an aHsombly ol the people, situated and circutnstarjced as th(;y are at present, and in a state of hostilities with so so danj:,vrous and near a neighbour, otherwise than as Chimeri- cal. I have said above that the most substantial of our own Inhabitants have o[)posed it, and that they have done so may a|)pear by their own memorials begging it might not take place whilst the Province continued in a state of War, knowing of how little use it could be, and of what disservice it possibly might be, those who have urged it, have done so, to inllame the minds of the peof)le, who they have much deceived and misled to deprive me of their confidence and r(.'gard. and in short to embarrass the affairs of (Jovernment, without any other views than those of private advantage, and from no other motives than those of resentment for disa|)pointmcnts in places and employments with which it wsis not in my power to gratify them. As the uneasiness that has been given on thi.s head has proceeded from scarcely any person that has pro- perty in the Province or that has even applied to me for the possession of an Acre of land within it, I shall pass over the Cahunnies that have been s[)read, without troubling your Lordships further than just to observe, that had we l)een infinitely lietter prepared for such a measure than Ave truly are, my being called by the Karl of Loudoun to Boston last winter, my being ordered on the expedition against Louis- bourg this summer, my going to Cliignccto when that expe- dition was dropped and the multiplicity of nn'litary affairs in which tlie safety and the very being of the (^olony have con- stantly engaged my attention, have rendered the accomplish- ment of such a measure utterly impracticable for these twelve months y)ast. For these reasons I hope your Lordships cannot be displeased that it has not been already carried iiHo execu- tion, nor even that if it be deferred till some happy change in the face of American affairs promises more success in an undertaking of so much moment, nevertheless if it should be still your Lordships ex[)ress pleasure that at all hazards and events an assembly shall absolutely be called without waiting for a favorable alteration in our cii'cumstnnces, I beg leave ta assure your Lordships that I shall without a moments delay after receiving your Lordships commands execute the plan that I formed last winter for that purpose, by tho advice and assistance of His Majcstys Councih H HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY. 725 Extract from Letter of Lords of Trade to Governor Lawrence. WHiTiorrALL, Foby. 7, 1758. "We have fully considered that part of your Lett(5r, wliich relates to the calliti- Councs. -| Robt. Grant, Montague Willmot, ) ( Chas. Morris. ^ ^<- * i'- -y- * jiij. Excellency having communicated to the Council an Extract of a Letter to him from their Lord- ships of the Board of Trade dated February 7th 1758, re- lative to the Plan framed by the Governor & Council on the TIOtfSE OF ASSEMBLY. 7*27 3-id ilaj of .Tiinnury 1757, and tmiismitted to tlieir Lordsliips by tlio Governor, for carrying into Execution Ilis Majesty's Instructions upon calling (Jeneral Assenihlie?? witliin the Province, Hignifyin^ their Lordships^ Ai)pr(*l>ation of the same iin General, with some few alterations, which beinjj; Considered the Council came to the following Resolution thereon, vizt., That the said Plan with the aniendinents proposed by their Lordships shall bo forthwith carried into Execution and Pub- lished in Form as follows vi/-t. His Excellency the Governor, together with His Majesty's Council having halnps can be more particularly "described, the Limits thereof shall be deemed to be us follows vizt.. That the Townshi[» of Halifax comprehend all the lands l^'ing Southerly ot a Line extending from the Westermost Head of IJedford Basin across to the Northeasterly Head of iit. Margaret's I?ay, with all the Islands nearest to said lands, together with the islands called Cornwallis's, Webbs, & llous's Ishinds. That the Townshij* of Lunenburg coKipreheninp Clausps tlio satoc as thiwc contained ia tlie Minutes cf Coaneil" of 3nl .lanuary 17.")!. Extract from letter of Govr. Lawrence to Loras •>/ Trade^ TT.MJFAX, 2G Sopteuiber, t758. As tlie day (ixed r(»r tliC- unH'tiiii;' cii the Assemhiy draws iii^ih, 1 h()))e ! n)ay he ahK> to dispatch such hnsiiiess with them as may he necessary lor the present, \\ ithunt too iimch Ifiss of time in I'ejoinin^' the Arn»y as (Hrected by the Oenerah The pi'incipal point whi(^h I appri'hcMid will l>o necessary (after tlie Forms re(|nisite to i>e attemU'd to vipou their liist coming to;j,eth('r) is that of a saix'tion l)ein,Li' jiiven to what the (Jover- iiors K\ith the ('oiii)cil ha\e hitherto done here in a i(\uisln,tive way, and tlvcHi a|)pointin,i:;a rommittei^ ol" Loth Ifouscs to pre- pare drafts of snch laws as mnv he neeessarv for the I'litnre I: */ j;(M)d rj(U'(M'nment of the l*roviiice, to li<> pa,ssev\\ the inost ren»ark- iihle for promoting;' unity or oheili(Mice to If is Majesty'^ (h)- vtMMunent here, or, indeeii thi'it hav(^ the most natural tvttaeh nients to the Province. Extract from it letter of Govr. Lawrence to Lorih of J*radc dated Halifax. 'JH PcM-emher, 1758. I Tiuvo no\v the honoi to acijuaint your r>ordshi[)s, that tho nssemhiy met according;' to appointn.eiit on tln' "ind of Octoher^ and passed a uuiuhei' of laws, a list of vvhii-h an en( losi- ptod tim(\ and witU loss ultereatiou than (from the seeming disposition uf.thc poo- HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY. 729 plo) T was lioretofove apprelionsivo of. Whenever tlic. session is closed I sliiill take particnilar care that your Lordships liavo fair copies of the hiws at larg-e, under the Seal o( the Pro- vince as directed by His Majesty's Instructions to^-ether with transcripts oi' the Journal and Proceedings of the Council and Assembly during their session. VOTES OF THE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY. PnaviNCK OK Nova Scotia. Joseph Oerrish,"'^ l?nb('i't .Siinderson, Henry Newton, William Fovc, William Nesbitt, Joseph llmidel, Jonathan Ijiuney,! ireui'V Ferguson, (reorge Suckling, John J>urbi(lge,|. Halifax, Monday, October 2nd, 1758. 1 •n Robert Cainpl'dl, William l*antrce, Jost'ph Fairbanks,;:^ Philip Haiimiond, John Fillis. Tjumbert Folkers, INiilip Knaut, William Kest, Alexander Ivedie, o I. S * .I()si')tli (iiTrisli was Naval Stori-ki'cpi'r at Halifax. lU' wa* appoinlcil n (■oniu'illor, Aiiiiii>t !(!. 17.">!t. and was ^iuspcndoil tVimi liis scat in tlic ('onncil in 17(IL*. Ik'diiMJ lit Halifax, in Jinu\ 1774. His iirotlu'r, Ik'n.iandii (imisli, was Ajii'nt tor Italian afl'.iirs in 17< ronnciilur ln'ars date l.'7tli .Iiiin-, I7(!S. The ticni^lus wcrr pro- i)alilv froin Now Ijiylaml; tlio natno is Irciiuontly nii't with lluTf. — Aliut/ock'n I/isi. X. S., 'J vol. X. S. Council JiooK-\ t.Tonatli.m Hinncy was u nativi of Hull, ii small villai;o niMr Boston. 1[(^ was I'li'ctvd a mi'inliLT of tlii' lloiisi- of Assonilily for tin- town of Halifax, in July I7(il,and was appointed to the Couneil liy Uovernor Wilinot in Nov. I7il4. In tlie yi-ar l7iai\il. He «ent lo IJifj- liind in I77i>, to relint eharijes made aijainst him hy Governor I.ejJi,'. ro- gardlnii his conduct as Collector, whi<'li lu- afterwards com]detely refuted. Mr. Uinney marritd Hannah, ilaiifjliter of Hon. Henry Newton, and was father of the late Hon. Hihliert N. IJinnev and Stephen 15innev, Iv-(|.. of this city.— X .V. MS. Doc: Mm dock's X. .S'.. vtd. 'J. X Col. Hurhidgo ufterwiirds Settled in King's County. § Great Cnolo of the Intu Hon. .John Fnirhanks. the late Hon. .Iiidpe Fair- banks, uiid W. 11. Fairbanks and Sanii. V. Fairbanks, Fsquires, of Halifax. 730 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Met at tlio Court ITouso pursuant to a sunnnons from tlio Provost .Marsliall ai-tjuaintiii^ tliein that tliey were duly elect- ed, and c^iiose William Niisbctt, Ileiirv Newton, and .losoph Rundall to wait on the Oovcrnor with a messji;j,e that they were assembled at the Court House and were ready to enter on iJusiness. And they were answered that he would send down two members of the (N)uneil to swear them ; aecorilin;^"ly The Honorable Henjamin Crecn, and Charhvs .Morris, Es^rs., came (o tlu! Court House and administered the Oaths to the iiforcnniiied, and th(\v all made and subscribed the Declaration, after which tiic Housi' i-cceiveda Messan'e that His Kxccllcncy ^vould uii'et the Assenddy at his own House, ])ursuant (o which they waited on His I'iXcellency, who was then in Council, when lie directed tliein to proceed to the choice of a Speaker, iii>ou which they went down and chose Koliert Sanderson. I]-' lor their Speaker, and reluiiied to acquaint His Kxcelleni y iherc- M'ith. who approvc(l of the choice they made, and was pleased to make the following speech — 'MJcntlfuien of tlu' Council and Ifouse of Kcpresentatives : '' iris Majesty having been most graciously pleased by His " ]?"yal Instructions to his (rovernors ol' this province todi'.ct the calling an asseml»ly ol the Freeholders to act in nv juiii'hdn with his (JovciMiors and Council as the Legislative Aulhority when such a measure should be found essential to his service. '' I am to assure yon tliat it is with particular ])leasure T now meet yon Convene oation. (I '' (ii'ntlemen of tiie House of Representatives: T entertain the most sanguine hojH's that you are eonu' together unani- mously disposed to promote the service* of the Crown, or in other Words, the real welfare and pros|ierity ol" the peo[)le wh(»in you havt! the Iloni»r to represent, in evinw point to the utmost of your auth(U*ity and (Capacity. This I j»resumo you will conceive is justly to be expi'cted not only from the inuueiliati^ regard due to the Civil Rights and Interests of your constituents, but like\vise trom the unspi.'akable oliliga- tions )uu are under to demonstrate in their behalf yonv dutiful sense oi His Majest\'s p^iternal concern for the HOUSE OP ASSEMBLY. 731 ' proi^pority and security of those Ilis Subjects in tlioso dis- ' tinp,uisliin>:^ marks of His Koyal favour and protection which ' we have from time to time so happily experienced in the ' Fh^ets I'ud Armies sent out for our immediate preservation ' when we were under the most imminent dan,ii;er of l)eing 'swallowed up hy a ^lerciless Enemy alst) in the ample ' supi)lies of Money for so many years annually ;j,-ranted lor 'thesup))ort ;ind encourag'ement of this infant Colony, and 'moreover still in the continuance of Ffis Majesty's Hoyal ' J>i)unty for tiiat purpose, when Irom the seemin;:; inulinatiou 'of the Inhabitants to have an Assend)ly convi.MUMl some time ' since, it mij;-ht have been |)resuine(l, and indeed by an 'artiele ol" Ilis Mi)jest3''s Insti'uctions (which 1 shall order to 'belaid belbrc; you) it has been jud;^ed that the Colony was ' become ca})al)le of ])rovidin^ ibr the necessary su|>])ort of ' Govennnent liei'(^ as has been usual in all His Majesty's other ' American Dominions. • Gkxtle.mkx of hoth IIorsF.s, — " As my ^lilitary occu|>ation requires my attend,.iice as ' early as j)ossib'o ujh»u the Connnan(h'r in Chief of the ' Forces to the Westward and as the I^ieutenant (Jovernor is ' now necessarily emi>loyed anle (.iovoru- ment of this ])eople. " You may depend upiui it Gentlemen on my return to the Governnu'nt you will find me pei'fectly disposeil to concur with you in cuiactin;; such I'urther laws, making such amend- ments to the present on«'s, and establishing such other Kegu- lutions as shall ap|)ear ujxin more mature dtdiberation to be consistent with tlu^ Honour and Dignity of the Cniwn and condui-ive to the li;sting Happiness of His Majesty's sub- jects where 1 have the Honour to presiile. " CllAS. L.vwiacNCE." ii hi 732 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. Tlio TTonso went yal JJounty for "that purpose, but also for the Jbi|)piness and piosfxo'ity '' wiiich wo conceive will Avith the lUessing of the Almighty '' How from His ^hijesty's Koyal Favour to this lidant (,'olony " in directing the calling a (!enerid AssiMnbly within tla; sarno " Irom nnnds dee|)ly impressed with u sense of the greatest " Loyalty and (iratitude to the best of Kings, every thing may "justly bo expected to answer his Ahijesty's Koyal intt-ntions " ill directing tho culling of a General Assembly in this pro* 734 NOVA SCOTJA DOCUMENTS. *' vincc wlilcli tlic present low circiiinstances of tlie Colo\iy "' uikI our uutliority unci capacity arc able to proviflo. " W(i b'og- leave to assure your Excellency in particular ** that it is a jjjreat concern to us that your ^Military occnpatiuu " rcciuires your atteiidanco so soon upon the Conniiander in " Chief to the Westward, as the Lieutenant Governor is "necessarily absent in a distant part oi" this [)rovince : we are "lull}' sensible of the ;:,reat necessity of a due consideration "of such acts or Kesolutions of a Le;:;islative nature as the " Governors and Council undiM' His Majesty's Rtiyal Instruc- "tions have found expedient before the forniing an assembly. " The wi)rk is j^reat and will of course take uj) niueh time "to dij^est into due method to answer your Kxcelloncy's " intentions in recommending the same to our speedy consid- " eration, but in the mean Avhile we shall as well in that as in every thinii: (dse that may recpiire our considei'ation (with your Excellency's assistance) disinterestedly entleaxour to "promote the welfare and j)eaceable Government of His Ma- " jesty's people in this ])rovince and the iuture ease and assis- " tance of vour Execdlencv, and we doubt not on vour ICxcel- a li " leney's return to your Government, we shall lind you per- " fectly disposed to concur with us in enacting such further " Laws, ami establisliing such other regulations as shall appear (I u poi 1 more matcire deliberation to be consistent with the '• Honour and Dignity ol the Crown and conducive to the "last ha[)piness of Mis Majesty's Subjects of this [)rovincc. " IlODT. Sanpiohsox, Speaker." After which II is lOxcellency a('(piaint(.Ml the House that he wouM return his answer to-morrow morninir. Then adjourned till tomorrow morning Ten o'clock. TIIK SI'X'OXI) SKSSION. WicnNKSDAV, August 1st, 17')0. A (Quorum of the House hiiving met agreeable to theii- pro- rogation, the (Merk of the Council attended with a message from 1 1 is Excellency that He was in the Chair and directed the att(Midane<^ n\' the House, who attending accoi'djngly, Ho was pleased to direct them to proceetl to the elioiee of a Spe.»k(M-, which they did and chose William Nesbitt. Esquire, and immediately attended His Excellency Avith their Speaker HOUSE OP ASSFJfBLV. 735 wlio l)cinp^ presented was appvovod of by Uis Excelleiioy who Was pleased to make the following spoeeh. " Gi:ntlkmi:\ of thk Council axp HorsE of KKPnESENTATivEs; '' Your reiTiarkaMc zeal and attention to tlie true interest " ahd prosperity of the ])rovinec in the IJiisiiuhss of tin* last "long .Session, give nie the strongest assui'ances of your coin- " ing together again with dispositions that cannot fail to " afford the jmblick and me the highest satisfaction. " In tlie course of that Session you got through almost " every thing essentially necessary of a Fjcgislative nature "and of (;onse(iuence there can ho but little remaining to be " done at this season, when your private avocations but ill '• admit of your attendance upon the pnblick service. " TIh^ most material points that seem to call for your con* " sideration under the present circumstances of the province "are a provision for maintaining tlie Light House erecting on " Cape Sambro, and tlu^ establishing such Rules and regida- " tions as may lu' necessary in conducting and managing the "all'airs of the Work House. "And as overseers are appointed for taking care of the " pooj-, 1 conceive in order to rcMider them of any use in their " otlii'e, some provision should bo thought of for enabling them " to give I'elief and assistance to such objects of compassion "as must perish without it : Ifow far the state of our Finances "may encourage the consideration of a measure so laudable "and expedient, it is not (;asy to form any toleralde conjecture, " unless it could be ascertained what demands will probal)ly "be made on the Treasury under the promises of the ptd»lick " for exciting Labour and Industrvl but I f(>ar tlaM'o is too " much reason t(j apprehend from the inconsiderabh! amount " of the sinns collecti'd np(»n the dill'crcnt Duties sin<'e October "last, that if the bounties ui)on Industry be (lemanasea ** daily in wealth and nnnihers: very extertsivo Tracts of the " v.ic ited lands on tlu; IJinks of the Hay of Fundy have hoci; *litely i;ranted away to industrious and sul)stantial Farmers, ''applications lor more are crowding; in u|)on me faster than " 1 can pre|>are the Grants, and I make no do\il)t but that the '' well jieopling of the whole will keep jiace with t)ur warmest "and most rapid wishes. The establishment of a Yard in this "(•xcellent Harbour is a matt(M" of the hio-lu'st advantage and "importance to us, and if llis Majesty's arms in North *' America be IJlessed with that success this sumincM' which " all appearances an; big' with at present, the [)roj;ress made *' in the province of Nova .Scotia during one year will exceed " the growth of half a century in the most boasted t)f Ilia " Majesty's American Dominions, '' lict me intreat vou therefore Gentlemen of the House of " Itepresentatives to make disjjatch in the IJusiness before "you, to ct)uduct it with mildness and unanimity and to " lv(UM)rd nothing in your Journals wdiich can serve only to "tarnish the credit ot your [)roceedings. " If anything for advancing the happiness of the people " should present itself to your consideration wdiich has escaped " my notice, you may be assured of my ready concurrence " with you in the ]»rosecution of it, that I shall adhere strictly " to every proposal and join Heartily in every measure to "promote the publick welfare and in that the lasting Honour "and iieputation of the Ijegislaturc;." Resolved, That a Connnittoe be appointed to answ^cr Ilia Excellency's Speech. Resolved, Tliat for the future the Assembly meet at the Court ITouse. Then adjourned till tomorrow morning Ten o'clock. HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY. |37 :o no lUlick , now ^is for StiltC. of the [• Uoeu rinors, T than liVt tlio arnicst ill this !2(i aiul ' Nortli which s made oxoocd of Hirf llouse of lie fore and to only to people |f;s. l<]sqr. .lohn Newton, Es(|r. Winekworlh Ton^t;. I']s(p-. Capt. Simon Slocomb Col. J(tse|)h Fry John JJiiston, Es(|r. A Qnornm of tin* ITonse being- mot, a Comniitte(> waited on His Excellency the (Jovernor (o acquaint him therewith, and that they were ready to jiroceed on IJnsiness. The Com- mittee liavint;- returned, ac(|iiainted the Mcuubers that His Excellencv desired they would attcuid him at the Council Chamber to hv. (inalilied, which being" done His Excelhiiicy signilieil to the IJonsc? that tliey should proceed to the choii-e of a Speaker, the Mumbtud then returned ch(»se William Nesbitt Esqr., and presented him to His Excellency wlio approved of their choice. Mr. Speaker then j)rayed His Excellency, that the MemlxMs of tlu' Assembly might have their usual |)rivileges, to which His Excellency ansxvered that he would allow the House all such privileges as His Majesty's instructions would [u'linit. '^I'hen His Excellency was j)leased to make the following Speech : * Mr. Salter wus u iifitivo of Now Kiit;l;iiiil. lie w;is »xtiii!r streets, formerly tiie resi- dence of the late Hon. William Lawson, was built by Mr. Sailer. t Afterwards a Member of ('ouneil. 47 738 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. '^ Geiitlenieii of the Council and House of Keprcsontativoa,— '* 1 einbmcc this pleasing oitpoi^^'-iiity of our first meeting " to congratuhite you on the universal success with whicli it " has pleased the Almighty to Bless His Majesty's Arms by •' ►Sea and Land, in this year of His most Glorious Reign : But '* as we are more immediately interested in the events of the " Conquests that have been made in the Northern Countrya "of this Continent, 1 would more especially rejoice with you *' upon the Victory of that ever memorable day which (by " Divine jiormission) through the wise perseverance and " active Vigor ol" His Majesty's Admirals and Generals seconded "by the Matchless Intrepidity of their followers, justly " rebuked the pride of France and put His Majesty in posses- " sion of that barbarous ^[etropolis Irom whence His good " i^ubjects of this province and of tin* King's other American " Dominions have groaned under such continual and nnpar- " donable wrongs. It is not to be doubted but that this Blow '• will soon be I'endereil so latal to the insolence of Canada by '' th(; unwearied Zeal, Vigilenc(^ and Activity of our first " Deliverer General Amherst, as will put a finid ])eriod to " those interruptions the Enemv have too succossfullv thrown '• m the way of our progress in every part of this province as '• well as to the monstrous ci'uelties they have hitherto " »'xercised with imijunity over the Jiritish American Empire '* in peace and in war without distinction. " This (Jentlemen is the important change we have all long '' looU'd and wislicd Inr, and for which I am persuaded our " Spirited and Xoblc minded Countrymen by Sea and Land, " Regulars und Provincials who performed the work will have "our latest and sincerest acknowledgement with the jirayers " of our Children's Children : This 1 say is the Crisis we have "eagerly but justly panted after, and which thank Heaven " our most Gracious and August Sovereign has outlived his " labours to be hap[)y in. " Under these circumstances and with the enlivening pros- " pect that is bel'ore us of introducing so many Hundretls of "useful Settlers into the Colony as are now preparing to " Establish the vacated and otiuir Lands, we may form to our- " selves the strongest assurance that if we Kightly improve " the opportunity, we cannot fail to be as much an object of "envy as \vc were before! of coni|»assion. i persuade myself " Gentlemen, that on your jjarts nothing will be wanting that " may contribute towards it, on my own, I can only renew tivoa,— nieotiug vhicli it \nna by gn : But :s of the ^.'ountrys vitli you licli (by ICO and leconded i, justly 11 ])0!ises- list {^ood Uncricau d unpar- his Blow anada by our first leriod to y thrown )vin(;e as hitherto 11 Knipire all long ded our (1 Land, ill have prayors we have Heaven lived his ng pros- dreds of ing to n to our- Iniprove bject of e myself ting that Iv renew HOVRR OF ASSEMnLY. 789 " thoso engagements which 1 entor'd into with many of you as *' Members of these Houses before. " In the mean time Crontlemen of the House of Koproscn' ^' tatives as I see more reason than ever for doing it 1 must " here repeat my Recommendation of the Bill for laying a " Duty on Spirituous Lifpuirs retailed in any quantities under " fifteen Gallons, it was rejected by the late assembly upon " considerations I will not here enter into : but as I Hatter '' myself no such motives will influence the Conduct of the " present assembly, 1 make no doubt of your seeing it in a " very ditterent Light and passing it ; because it cannot but bo "of Publick utility. " I must likewise recommend to your Consideration the " framing some amenduKMits to the second and third clauses " of the act concerning marriages and Divorce the Incon- " veniency of them as they now stand arc too obvious to need " being pointed out ; and I am of opinion likewise that upon " perusal of the first clause of the act for establishing Religi- " ous Publick Worship you will ])erceive its insuflicicncy for '' effectually answering the end of su(di an act. " These gentlemen are the matters that have occurred to " me as necessary to be laid before you ; any Hills you shall " prepare you may de[)end upon it will have their due weight " with me, for I can have no other sta,ndard for the regulation " of my conduct than the Duty I owe t > my sovereign in my " ambition to see you a very happy people a very flourishing " and a very considerable people."' The House then went down to the assembly room. Tlie oaths of allegiance were taken by the House and the members present subscribed the Dec' vration. Resolved that the oflico of Clerk to the assciebly be exe- cuted by a Member or Members of the House. Voted, that Mr. Hinshelwood and Mr. Deschani})3 be joint Clerks to the House. V^oted, that John Calbeck be messenger and Doorkeeper to the House. Resolved, That a Committee, vi/t., William Nesbitt, Esqr., Mr. Hinshelwood and Henry Newton, Es((., Malachy Salter, Esq., and Mr. Francklin, do ))repare an address in answer to His Excellency's Speech by to-nujrrow morning. Then adjourned till to-morrow morning Ten o'clock. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V /. / V V fA 1.0 I.I 1.25 IIIM 111125 iitt 1116 IIIM m U III 1.6 ^1 y. ^ /}. o el e e. % a /. <^ /A / / %. o> Photographic Sciences Corporation iV ^9) V 9^ :\ \ 6^ €s % ^^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY 14580 (716) 872-4503 f\^ w- W.r (/a 740 NOVA SCOTIA DOCUMENTS. I Wkdxrsdav, the 5th of December, 1759. The Committee appointed to prepare an address in answer to His Mxccllency'i Speech, reported to the House that they had prepared tlie same, which being- read was approved of. A message was sent by a committee to acquaint His Excel- lency tliat the House is ready to attend him with their address ; to wliich His Kxcellency answered, that He was ready to re- ceive them, which 1)eing Reported the House accordingly waited on His Mxcelieucy with an address which was read by .Mr. Hpeaker as follows — TO HIS KXCKLLEN'CY Charlies Ti.\wi?i:NCE, Ks, 58. AssiMiibly, iiddivtrs ol', n'specting their reinovai, Slo. Anns, tiiey tiilco up, and cotniiiit dep^ rediitiniis, .'i21. Baillv, AI. (Priest), good conduct of, 35(). Bciinbiirisin, ordered to return (Voni, 212 ; refused passes to go to, 221. Boausejour, tukeii in arms at, 243, 244,408. Board of Trado Imvc doubts of the l)ropriety of their removal ul this time, ;J.j7. Bonavcnture, Pcr(>, (Priest), 350. Boston, to bo detained in, 329 ; arri^ val of five transports at, 329 ; trans- ports to return to Xova Seotia, 332. Crosley, INF., Priest at Annapolis, med- dles witli eivil afliiirs, 82. Canso, join Indians in robbing fislier- in(>n at Canso, -,' ■{ ; tlioso at, leave for Island of St. Peter, 349. Cape Breton, to bo protected iu their settlenient.s in, 3'53. Ca))e Sable, inhabitant.? of brought to llalifa.x-, 30;5, 307, 308. Character of, by Go\ v.-por Mascarcne, 41. Chebiicto, settlement at, 500. Cheverenil, M. (Priest), 192,230 ; his coniluot before tho Council, 103 ; ordered to Halifax, 170 ; to be sent to Hngland, 282. Chigneeto, tliey deceit their lands at, 205, 20G ; petition to be allowed to i-ctiiru to their lands at, remain neuter and be exempt from bearhig arms, 211. Circular to Governoi-s on the Conti- nent to prevent return of, 30;]. Colonies, to be distributed among the, 281. Condition of, in the year 1731, 102. Continuation of, in the province recommended, 314. Corn, procliunatiou against their ex- porting 219. Corn Act, explanation of, 220. Couneil's opinion re«pocting their re- moval, 318. 48 Acadian FitKsni (coniinued). Cotu'ier of (Jovernor Cornwallis in- tereeiited by, 184. Dandin", Ablie, 202, 210, 221, 229, 239 ; ordeied to Halifax witli live of th(^ prini'ipal inlial)itants of PLsi- quid, 223 ; insolence of, i/iid ; con- fined in fort, 220 ; brougiit l)eforo C'ouneilat Halifax, 227 ; submission ot,235 ; to lie sent to J';nghuul,2S2, Declaration of (lovernor Doneette to, 14 ; answer, 14 ; of Governor Corn- wallis to, lt)5, 171 ; their answera, 108, 170, 172. Dei)uti<'s, attend before Council at Annapolis, 24, GO, 155 ; refusal of inhabitants of Aiuiapol's to choose, 25 ; submission of inhabitants of Annapolis, 35 ; of ^Minas i)roniisB to as.sembl(, inhabitants to take tho oath, 08 ; letter of Governor Arm- fstrong to .Minas and Pisi(iuirl, 73, 89, 90 ; refuse oath, 77, 250, 200, 267, 281 ; .sent to jjrison, 78 ; letter of Govr. Masearene to, 105 ; brought before Council at Halifax, 150, 167, 168, 170, 172, 170, 250, 250. 259, 201, 20G ; of Cobequid scMit to pri- son, 180 ; address to, b^- Governor Cornwallis, 172, 185 ; answer of Governor Cornwallis to those from Amiapolis, Catiard Uiver, Pisitjuici, Minas, and (irand Pre, 174, 189 ; memorial of, from iliniis and Pisi- quid, 247 ; from IVtieodiac and Memr.mii'ook, arrive at Fort (Cum- berland, 311 ; ordeiH'd' to attend at Halifax, 504 ; attend bofon^ tJcjvr. at Halifax, 570, 577, 584, 587. Desonclaves, .lean, 1U(>., 112. 113. 211, 305 ; Miograpbical notice of, HI ; ordered lo ILililax, 170. Deserted French inhabitants, expla- nation of that term, 283. Desirous of returning under French dominion, 157. Destitutio- ei'ai>hieal notice ol', ',',19. .Girard, M. (I'ri(.st), 180, 183, 188 ; or- (U red to llalHiix, 170. ;Godalie, iM., (I'ricsl), !)G, 11,0 ; letter I'rom (iovernor Armstrong' to, 9') ; letter Ironi Governor iShiscarcnu to, 118. ,Govei'nment Tiot able to enlbrce obe- dienc(! of, i3S, ;jl). Grants IVom Col. Mascnrene, 5G1. (inides, or pilots, nnwillinff to lui iii-sh, bJ2. Habits, manm^rs, and places ol' abode, of, ■ll,4(j, 157. Halifax, to be bronght to, 702, 701. Hostility of, ;J28, 381. Indians, |)i-etendcd dread of, 13, oCA ; joined by them to attack I auso, Ol ; aid, in robbing Mr. Alden's hlooii, 51, 52, 00 ; nnile with, 404. Indecision of, 35, 36. Lands, allowed lo sell them, 7 I Seig- nenrial rights. 01 ; claim more than they are cntilli'd to, 92 ; six fami- lies from C'ap(^ Breton allowed to retnrn to Ihcii- lands, 228 ; dispnK; possession of, on St. John'.s riser, ■with Knglish settlers, 338 ; war- rants issned to forly-fonr families for, at .St. JNIary's, 357 ; lo be set- tled, 421 ; cultivating their, 044. ■ I-ieave the province, not allowed to. Oil. 1a' Abiin-, M. (Priest), 282. Leltcf of j-enionstrance from, 172 ; letti''r to St. Ovide, reijne.-ting bis adviii^ with regard to oath, 25. Liberty and jiroteuliun promised them, 13. liitigions de la, 152, 178, 179, 183, 208, 210, 214, 221, 228, 229, 230, 232, 237, 239, 309, 580, 583, ^'580. 591,018; IJiograplacal u'JUce AcADtAN- FiiKNCir {conlinue.ll.) of, 178 ; letter of, to M. P.igot, 1!T3 ; charged with murder lA' t apliiiii How, 194, 195, 210: assembles In dians at Hay N'erte, 19!) ; letter of, to (io\ernor liawrence, 215 ; letter of, to King of l'"ranc.e, 233 ; letter from IJisliop (if (Quebec! to, 240 ; jicrsuade.s Indiany to begin ho.stili lie.«, 593. !Mai!lard, .Abbe, pi'rt of a letter to Girard Iron), 184 ; liiograjihieal no- tice of, ill id. Malagash bay, 501 ; settlement al, ibid. Menach, Abbe, 328, 340 ; h;t ; to rolaiii caimt's aiitl anus, 247, 211) ; IVoiii iiilial>ilaiits ol' Aniia|iolis livcr, 201 ; from l'isi(nii(l, Minus, and riviT Canard, 200, 20-1 ; to (JoNcrnor -and t;()un<:il of Pennsylvania, 278 ; Uy (iovornor of jMassai'linsi'lts, to bo allowed to settle in tliat pro- vince, IjOO ; to French lt, from George's Island, 280 ; accounts contracted for, 28.5, 293 ; apiirovcd by His Majesty, 298 ; from Cape Sable, 299 ; removal of remainder, 320. lieturn to the province, 302 ; two hun- dred inliabitants of St. John's river return to tliat place, 309. Roads opened by them without the authority of Government, 33. Settlements, to be jirovided with pro- per places for, 339. St. John's river, abandon and blow up fort at, 2o9 ; those of, permitted to settle in Canada, 352 ; notilied to remove from, 357 ; tliose at, con- sidered British subjects, 366, 367, 369. St. I'oncy, M. do, (I'liest), conduct of before Council, 103, 104 ; ordered to leave the province, 107, 118. Trade with Louisburg, 137. Vincent, I'ere, (Priest), enmity of, to British tiovernment, 16. Work, (uigaged to square timber for blockhouses, 60.7. Acadic River, propriety of building a fort on, 400. .\dvertiscment of proposed settlement of Nova Scotia, 495. Adams, John, 20, 21, 57 ; Biographical notice of, 70. Adams, Stephen, ordered to bo whipped, 039. Adlain, Cai)t., ordered to destroy all ves- sels, boatsand canoes of Acadian French, 480. Alden, J dm, 51, 52, 60. Aldrige, Christian, 75. Amherst, Kdward, 552 ; Biogrnphical no- tice of, 107. Andiers, Sir J<'llery, letters of, to Govr. Belcher, 320, 328, 329, 489 ; to (iovi-. J.anrence, 441,444, 448, 451, 400, 407, 409, 471, 473, 476, 479, 480, 487 ; to roccedings ol' Council relative to, 717, 718 ; nuniU;r of mem 74G i\i)i:\'. b.-'rH of, for jn-nvinpc, 71 S ; iiiimbiT of iiiciiiIm'in of, lui' lowMsliip-i, iVnV/ ; (|iml- iruMition of lui'itihcrt iiiiil flccfois, 720 ; lli'ccssiil'y fol' the |M'ilC(^ ol' t\u'. colony, 722 ; iiiislnictioiis to ciill, 72'3 ; lime lor ri'tiini ol writs Cor, 72() ; iir.imn'r of ciilliiiij; first lioiisc, 727 ; iis to iiicclin^ of, iiiid liiws |>ass('(l l)_v, 728 ; votiw of, 720 ; SjK'iikcr cIkwcii, 7'iO ; (Jovcriior'N Hpcccli to, i'AjV/,' olliccrs of, 7''i2 ; i>ro- rvx'diw^* iA\ i/iiil ; iiiiswcr of, to (.iov- friior's s|i('('cli, 7'i'J ; second session of, Jind Spciikcr clioscn, Jill ; IJovcnior's HlX'ccil to, 7'>') ; first session of second house, /.'i7 ; ( ioNci'nor's siieecli to, 7''JS ; ftiwwer of, lo tiovernor's speeuli, 7 10. B. Rnilly, M. (Priest), good conduct of, .'SoO. Barron, Ca))l. Sjiiniii'i, sailing orders to, 280. BtiHtidc, M!ijor-(;enl.,702, 70.3, 701, 70,j, 700. Bnnulmssin, 1'), ;!r.2, .'JG;}. Bav of I''undy, ij;arrisons fo Ix) relieved, ■iGl, 40.5. Bay Verte, .302, -ICJ : necessity of a fori on the Istlnnns, t.'J.'}. Biianhaniois, iSlessrs. de, and Tfoecniarl, U'XU'V of, to (,'oinit de Maurepas, slating desire of Acadian I'rencli to return luider [•''rencli dominion, l.)7, note. Beansejonr, Kivneli fort, 10!), 200, i;!.'} ; proposed attack on, .'iS.j ; slate of fori luid garrison at, lO'i, iOl, -10.5 ; surren- der of, 2i:}, 28;i, 40S, 12(). Bedford, Duke of, Oil : letters from Govr. Cornwallis to, .501, 577, -jHo. Belcher, lion. Jonathan, IU3, .'iM ; (Jov- ornor, IJl;; ; lJiogra))hical nolice of, il). ,• letter, to C'olonel iMirstcr, .'ilO ; letters, to Secretary of State, ;521, .'JIM ; letters to (ieul, Amherst, ;J27, ool ; letter to Lords of Trade, oo'). Bonn(>tt, .rosejih, ('ouncillor, 71 ; journal of, laid before Comieil, i/iid. Bernard, I'^rancis, (iovernor vl' Massachu- •setts, o.'i2 ; refuses to allow Acadians to lanil, .'5;i:i. Best, William. 720. Bigot, M., lutendant at Quebec, 018. Biuuey, Jonathan, 737 ; Itiographical no- tice of, 720. BiOGUAi'iiK'AT. Notices. Adams, John, 70. Amliei-st, Edward, 107. Amlierst, liord, 444, Armstrong, Lawrence, 64. Bedfor.l, Duke of, r,r,l. Belcher, Jonatlian, .'!1.5, Diiniey, Jonathan, 720. r.rouiilau. Si, Oviile (h-, 2!). Bulkelev, Wichard, .'JOO. Cobb, Siivanus, 182. CoMier, .Jiilui, '2')'>. ' 'ornwallis, Ifoii. I'Mward, <5.j1T, Colt.'rell, Wiiliani. 203. (■reighlon, flohn, o'lH. Davidson, Hugh, .570. Denson, lleniy Demiy, ,15.5. ])eschan»ps, Isaac, .'j.j.'j. Desenelaves, ,>ean Ihiiitiste, 111, Douci'ttc, .John, 1.'5. DupoiL .loliu, 004. I'raneklin, .Micba.'l, .3o2. (ialis-.ionniere, C!ount do hi, ,3C;5. (Jates, Iloralio, 027. (rerrisli. .Joseph and I'enjamin, 72fJ, (ieruiain, (Jharles, olO. (lihson, ..fames, 4.52. (xorham, .John, 108. (■>orhain, Joseph, 2 il. Green, lienjainin, ,500. Halifax, l':a'rl of, ;500. Hamilton, Olho, 77. jHandtiehl, .John, 274. llindielwood, Archibald, 558. IFopson, I'eregriiK^ 'I'homa.s, 671- IIow, Kdward, 100. Jontpiierc, Marquis (It- la, 372. Lawrence, ( 'liarles, 2')5. Le Gorn, Chevalier I'ierre, 194. Little, Otis, ,5,58. Lochman, Leonard, 050, Jjoutre, Louis ,Jose))h de In, 178. Maillaril, .Vittoine Simon, 184. Mascarene, I'aid, 108. Aleauger, Joshua, 046. Miniae (or Menach), Abbe, 319. jNIonckton, Hon. Kobt.. ,391. 3Ioreau, J. Ihiptiste, 358. ISIorris, Charles, 29.3. NesDitt, William, 5,58. Newcastle, Dnk(! of, 83. Newton, [libbert, 20. Newton, Ilemy, ,323. Nic-holson, P'raucis, 11. Gsborn(>, Sir Danvers, 621, riiilipps, IJichard, 17. riiips, Spencer, 183. I'icbou, 'I'liomas, 229. I'ownail, Tliomas, 304. llamcsav, Jean Jiaptisle Nicholas Koclii' de, 568. Rous, .John, 225. Salisl)urv, John, 570. Sailer, Slalachv, 7.37. Shirh'y, William, 380. Verger, M. l)u(;liamhon de, 230, Winslow, John, 271. WiUuot, Montague, 340. INDEX. •47 Dlin, Mr.,2S. JJlowcr, (Jii|itJiiii Jolin, incinlx-r of Cinm- cil, 72. lloiinl ofl'mdc, (See I.orils (ifrritib'.) lloislicrtici't^ M., I'^rciicli mid Jinliuiiscom- TiiiiikIimI I)y, l-'ifi. IJiiiiiivt'iilurc, IVtc, (Missioiuiry), cmuluct <>r, ;i.5(5. lJ()S('iiwonndari('s of Nova Scotia, ."fil, tiO.'J, ;)()7, aot), ;)7l, "M, .'i7(5. ISondrc, I'ctcr, Conncillor, 20, 21. Uoni'j,', AloxandiT, coinjilaint a;.;uiiist, 72 ; letter I'roni (iovr. Annslronj; to, 89; h'ttcrs from (iovr. ^Mascarcnc to, 120, 11)0; snspcndcd Ironi ollicc, 152 ; ncg- li^ilciK'c in odicc, 151. JSonrn, William, Jnsticci, 002. liniddock, Maior-( Jcnl., |)ro)ioscd expe- dition of, ;i8!), 400 : defeat of, 109, 111, 412, 4i;j, 414, 415 ; list ol'ollicers killed and \vonnd(!d, 417. Hrailstreet, Jolm, 25, 52, O:). Urcslev, M., i)riest at Annapolis niocIdlcH witli civil atlairs, 82. Brew.sc, Jolm, .571 ; liis plan of Halifax, 575. IJrouilian, St. Ovide de, Governor of Ish; Koyale, 4, 25, 20, ;J8, 02, O.'i, 05, 81, 90, 105 ; liis letl(!r to (iovr. Armstron;^^, (io: lJio;;rapliieal notice of, 25. UulkcK^V, Hon. Uicliard, l}io,i;rn|diieal no- tic(M)f, .'509 ; letter to Joslniii Win^low, o.'iS ; letter to. John Andcr.-ion and Fran- cis l*cabod3', 357. Button, Tlionr.is, insf ructions to, to itn)- claini Gcoiijc I,, ',i. C^iinada, letters from Governor oi", .')01, ;J02, 372. Cainiibell, Itobort, 729. <^'!inard river, letter to inhabitants of, from Govr. Ma.scarene, 137. tJanadian French, six tlionsand take oath of allcjiiancc, 470. Canso, 17, 4S, 129. Cap(! Hreton, 5, 17, 32, 34, 30, 37, 38, 47, 50,51,05, 393, 441,476. Cape Dore, 45. Capooii, I'ctcr, instructions to, to proclaim (Jcorge I., 3. Carlton, Govr., letters to, from Govr. Francklin, 355, 350. Carteel, I'eler, to be tried for ninrder, 57!», 585, 587. Casteel, Antlionv, deposition of, relativo to his capti\ ily amonj^ tiie Indians, (!!)(!. Caullield, (iovi'., letter to Secretary ol Stall", 7 ; letters to Lords of 'i'radc, 8 ; notice of, 8 ; letter lo .Scci-ctar}- of War, 11. Chevcrcanx, M (I'l-iesf), 192, 230 ; lii.s condnct lielore the Council, 103 ; to be sent to I':n,:;laiid, 282. Chcbneto, 49, 57, 102. 500 ; arrival of set- tlers at, 559 ; arrival of transports at, 5(il : arrival of Col. .Mascarene and tivo t)l' the Coimeil at, 502 ; description of, 5(1.3 ; jilacc for town, i/iiil ; descri|itioii of sellleis and plans of defence, see Halifax. Cliiblienacadic river, propriety of build- ing a fort at, 400. Chiynccto, 10, 19, 32, 47,74, 114,380,403, 4.'i9 ; report of ollicei-s on retnrii from, 79 ; (iovr. Mascarenc's letter lo depu- ties of, 120, 139 ; forts on the isthmus of, 405 ; works at, snsponded, 042. Clapham, Ca))t. William, 581, 594, 017. Cobb, Capt. Silvanns, 208 ; ordered lo arrest LcLoutre, 178 ; Iiio;{rai)liicuI no- tice f.f, 182. Cobe(|nid, 15, 47, 042 : petition from in- habitants of, 103 ; letter of submis.sion from inhabitants, 151. Collier, John, Conncillor, 203 ; IJioyraj)!!- ical notice ol', 255 ; Jnstico, 071. Common of Halila.v, an aeconnt of, 700. Commission to (iovr. C'oriiwallis, 497. Connor, John, and .James (iraci-, an ae- connt of their escaiie I'rom Indians, 095. Connor, .Fohn, a|ipoiatcd f( rrymaii at Dartnionth, 048, note. Corn Act. Scr Acadian I'"rcnch. Corne, Chevalier Pierre La, 183, 191,380 ; notice! of, 19 1. Corne, l^ither la, 319. Cornwallis, (iovr., 201, 372 ; declarations to Acadian French, 105, 171 ; letters to Lords of Trade from, 175, 504, 574, 583, 501, 005, OOS, 010, 018, (525,030,011, 013, 045, 040; to Sccretarv of Slate, 181, 194, 559. 501, 507, 57/", 585, 593 ; .sends Capt. (iorliain to sei;.^*' rebellions inhabitanis at Pisiipiid, 177 ; order to C-'apt. Cobb lo arrest L(>Lontr(\ 178 ; onier of, lo Cajit. .John Gorhain, to pro- ceed to I'isiqnid, and seize, houses of those who took u]) arms, 181 ; ordeiM Capt. Kons to St. .John river, 371 ; let- ter to M. LeJoiHiuicre, 375 ; commis- sion of, 497 : biojiraphical notice of, 559 ; his arrival at Chcbneto, ibiil ; opens his commission and talrcs tmth, 502 ; requests to bo allowed to re.siyn, 045. 748 INDKX. I Cornwiilli-i Nliind, scUIims <>ii, CtCu. (■(•Itcivll, 'VillMiii, -JOl, (i!)-J ; IcKcr to Ciipl. Scd.l Iruiii, 'iOS ; to ('ii|il. Iliiiiiil- Ion, '210; to('ii|il. I'loytT, //,/V,- lol'ol. Siitlicrlainl, 211 ; to dipt. iMiirniv, 221, 2:m. C'()]i(', Miijor TIcnry, ('oimcillor, 07 : i'<'- ports l''rciicli 1111(1 IiiiliiuiM olistnii't crcc- lion ofl'oit !it .Minus, //;/(/. Cope, .loliii liiiplistc, nil fndiim cliiif, ticiU'lifrv of, lit ( 'lii;4ii('rto, V.t'), 210; ; si^^iis trciily ol' pciicr, (iS.!. ( Council lit .\iiiiiipoii-i, miniiic-; o), 2(1, 21, 21, 2.",, 2!», :>'>, (;<;, (17, (is, 71, 72, T->, 7 1, , 7'<, 7(i, 77, 7S, 07, OS, 00, 107, IHI, l')2, lij'!, lo"), l')(), KiO ; on lumrd the IJciiu- fori, lit lliilifux, !(;(). ids, 170, 172, oOS, .'370, o71, •J72,.J7;i, o70, ;JS(), .381 ; (iov- crniiiciit House, lluiifa.v, 17(i, ISO, 18S, 102, 201, 20;i, 211, 21">, 221,22.!, 22.5, | 22(>, 227, 2 17, 2.3.5, 2.50, 2.5S, 2(10, 2(i:i, 2o;i, ;iO!t, :iio, ;ii2, 2i;{, ;{ii,;iio, ;J22, ;;2:i, ;{2;3, ;3;!1, ;i:iS, .3S2, .30,5, .30(i, .50S, .300, (iOll, (iOO, filO, ()2(), 021,022, ()2.;, (J21, (i:{0, 010, ()i;i, 018, ()71,072, 082, 08;5, 002, 001, 717. 71S, 72(). Council fornKHl nl lliilifux, ;jG2 ; lofjislii- liv(! imtliority of, 700, 710. Councillois, immes of (ir.st, iit lliilirix, .502, ;500. (Jomicil of war, 702, 701, 70.5, 700. Cosily, .Miijor, 70 ; Liciil.-CioviM'iior of fort lit Aiinn]iolis, 70. (.Moults of Jii(liciitiir(< o.stiibli.slif'il at llali- I'.i.x, 00,5. CJtiurt, inferior court of Coiiiiiioii J'lcas est ilili-iliod, 002. Cox, Captain, 22.5. (vi'iiwlev, ImIiuuikI, ,'>2o, ().3I. Cieij;litoii, Jolm, ,500, 002 ; bioyrapiiical notice of, 5,5S. C-'rown Point, ^71, -100, 110 : stirrcndiu- of, 4.51. (Jross Island, scttliMs on, 007. Cuiiiliciland, Fort, ,'jlo, .'!1 1, 487 : j^arii- son of, 4 12 ; to be finislied, 41i5 : pro- vincial troops threaten to leave, 470. Daudin, Abbe. 202, 210. 222, 22;), 220, 227, 220, 2;i.5, 2;J0, 282. Sre Acadian l''rencli. D'Auville, Duke, French fleet under his coniniaiid, o(iO. Dartnioulh, jiicketted in, 402 ; fioverii- inenl saw-mills, 402, 008 : survey of, ordered, 021 ; settlers to be sent to, ' Ol.'J ; ferry ostal)li»ihed at, G48 ; town- • ship of, 718. j Daviilsoii, lliij;h, 502 ; Biographical no- tice of, ,570 ; complaint nf,'iiin.sf, C25 , Mcnt to Kii;,'!aiid, O.Jl. Ueb's, rc;;iii:ili(in respecting', 000. U'Coiiii »'<; (Jraviiia, I'eter, Marcpii.s, mo lice ol', 0.50. DeliHticy, (lovr., letters from, to (iovr I'liips, inl'oriniii;^ him of iiradilock'.-.. defeat and deiitli, 411, 414. Del.aiiey and Watts, (ilO, 020. I)e la iionde, Siriir, 1. Dciisoii, Ileun Denny, letter from (Jovr. I'ranckiiii lo.ixempliii;^' .\ciidiaii j'rench of Kiii'j;-' ( 'oiiiily iiml of Wind-or from Mditi.i duty, .'i.5l ; iiio^rajiideal iiolicn of, .';.5.5. l)e I'oiiteliartrain. Mons., ]Mi, lister of Ma- line at Palis, ieller froi'l, to M. tie ll);'rviiie, respeetin;;' removal of Acadian I'reiii.h in 1714, 4. De IJoiiville, .M., 20. I)e|)ulies, .\cadian I'ri'iieh. Sec Acadian I'lciieh. Diserted T'l'i'iieli iiihali., explanation of term, 2S:i. Drscliaiiips, Isaac, 22.'! ; J)ioL,nap]iical no- lire of, .'i,3:i ; elcrlc of asscmblv, 7.'iO. DeMUclaves, .Jean, 111, 112,' 11.), 211. Sci' .\cain;;iMpliiciil notice of, 10, (Ki. Duiaiid, .fu!>liiii;iii, 21, 2'), 27. Sec Ac.'a- diaii l'"rciicli. Durell, .\dniiral, 44,5. Dujiort, ,)..hn, 20.), ;)12, ,571, (502 ; liio- ;^'raphic!il notice of, 004. Dii \'ivicr, ^I., intends attacking; Anna poiis, 1:12 : Older of, to iiihabitaiit.s of (innid Pit. Minus, &c., l.')4 ; atlaclw ,\nnapolis, l')!), 141), 144. E. l';ilisoii, Kobei-t, iiotici^ of, 170, 572. IvNlienses of I'olony of Xo\a Scotia, be t wecM 17-51 and 17'5.'),G87 ; estimate for, 17.54, 000, 001. F. I'airbaiiks, Jo-iepli, meinlwr of a.sscmblv, 720. I'elix, Fatli(-r, 10, 00. i'er^iison, llenrv, 720. I'islieries. 48, 40, -50, 01, 04, ,500, 567, 032, 044. Fillis, -John, 720. INDFA*. 749 I'lovor, ('iii)t. Mtitlliow, iiiHtrnctioiw to, in ilisiniiiitliii;^ I'di't lit Minn.'-, 'Jl'J. I'nit riilwalil, IliH ; ilihtl'ilctioiH to colll- iimiKiin;^ olUccr, 1!)7. J'oil l''ic(l(ii<'lv, St. .loliirs, IS? ; M. 'roii;;c''s it'iiort on, ■IHH. I'oyc, Williiin, 7'J!I. Im>sI. I'otiicrin^'lmin, (ii'orj^i'. (i71. I'liiiiclJin, Hon. .Micliiicl, ;;'2'! ; l5io;.^i'apli- ic'iil notice ol', o.j'J ; let tor of, to hillK! J)('S(linni|).>i, ;;,);» ; letter of, to il. I). Denson, iJiJl ; letleiN of, to Lieut. -(Jov. < 'iiiiton, .'i.'i'i, llii(» ; inenilicr of A*sein- til.v, 7'!7. J'rencli lleet, aliove (,|ii('l)ee, 170 ; five? of, eii-il iiwiiy, ('/(( /. I'"rencli trou|is tit lleiuil):is-;in, liny of Vorie, ;;(;•-'. l''rencli, iniileihiniil |iriieli(is ol', 'Jli'J ; se- (Inein;; away Aemlian I'l'ench, .')12 ; in- tervention of, oil lielialf of Aeadinn Froneli, ihiil ; acKnowledf^e rii.jiit of JJriti^li ( iovernnient to (lis|ios(? of A<'a- (liiin l''i'(ncli, ibiil ; no intention of in- torfeiin^', .'!1S ; eoniiilain of Indian al- lies lii'in;,' delaine.il as piisoners, .'j71 ; desi^n.-i on ( 'lii;;neeto, ■'>~() ; dejie.id on Indians, ;i77 ; advanta;4'e in jiosse.ssinj; the Isthmus and St. .John river, JiS'J ; (•I ii''i' ed eneroiielunenl of, o8'J, 100 ; (letermineil to bei^in an olfen.siv(^ war, .'iOl; desij,'n attaekiii;,' I'orl Halifax »]])on the Kennebec, ihiil, ; intend mak- in;.; tliemsehi's masters of the Uay of Finidy, 101 ; lleet reported oil' Loiiis- l)iir<^, 107 : to attaei; Anna|)()li-;, }.'j(i ; Admiral IJonipar's s(jiiadron, 41!) ; they jibiUKlon I'ort 'riconderoLja, tol ; sur- render Crown I'oint, Hnd ; surrendc^r Nia;:?ara fort, lo'J ; (>xcit(; Indians, iJSl, .;8(), .391 ; bej^in hostilities, o'j;}, (100 ; imder LeCornc, i;o to l?ay \>rte, ;397 ; threats of, (ill ; conduct of, ibid ; iu- viide Xewfoundland, 70'J. i'l'yo. Colonel, extract of letter from, yiv- in;; an accouni ol the destituti^ slate of inhabitants of I'elicodia(! and Metno- lamcook, JHl : in conmiand at Fort ; complies wilh pi'tition, l.'iO. (iaspei'r'aux, fort at, .'ii)2, 40i3 ; surrendt-r of, 408. (Jates, (.apt. Ilonitio, IJiofjraphlcal notieo of, (1'27. (jaulin, IVre, (Priest). Sci' .Vcailian French, (iautrol, llonore, oath of, rcHpeeliny m habitants nf I'isiiiuid, 177. (ieor;;e's Island. lOJ, (117, 080, 7():i. (ieorf^e I., jiroelaimed, ;i. (i(>rri'h, .loseph, liOi), (11)'2 ; H!o;.;niphii;ul notice of, ~'1\). (ierrish, Col., ISO. tiei'r'ish, llcnjamin, member of .\ssembly, 7.)7. (iemiain, i'alher Cliailes, 30!) ; ISiognipli ical notice of, 'Jli*. (iermans at linneni)urji, I'Jo. (iibson, lames, letler of, to (io\r. Law rence,4.?' "iograpliical notice t\\:, ibiil. *iilman, Majoi, ^ud conduct of, (lOd, (108, (il7. (lirard, M., ^Vlisionary, 170, ISO, 18.'], 188. iS'cc .\e"lian French, (iodali' .1., MisMonary, '<3, 00, 11.'!, 118. Sec /veadian I'l'eu' !■. (iorliani, .Jo^epl ^ 449, 477, o85, .380, 595 ; iJiograpliieal i.'lice of, 231. (iorhan;, .John, lo'i, 1(1(1 ; 1 J io;j:i'a pineal notice of, 1(}S ; ordered to I'i-icjiiid to bnild a bloekh- ; •-, IHl. (irace, J:imes, nn acco'.ml of his escapo from the Indians, 094. Grant, Ale>;under, 314. (Jreen. IJenJatnin, l(i(i, 428, 5G2, 590, 730 ;. liioi^raphical notice of, 509. (ireen, Henry, 338. (iuntcr, Mr.,'031. llaldeman. Col., offers to settle Acadiiiii I'reneh in Canaila, 352. Halifax, t(. wn of, 379, 402, 433, 439, 442, 470, 503, 500, 597, G08, (517 : sends re- lief to Boston for sulVerers from tire, 482 : troojis to be sent to, 485 ; fortili- cations to be erected at, 490 ; a ij;eneral court to be h(4d in, ibid; ]iroclamution a.i^ainst leaving settlement, and penalty, 5(15 : Justices of the I'tiace appoirited for, 571 ; defences of, 57'2, 577, 583, 585^. 705, 700 ; arrival of stores fi-om LoniM- burj^, 574, 577 ; town marked out and many loj? houses up, 375 ; settli'rs from New l-^nj^land and L(niisl)ui'}f arrive at,, ibid ; plan of, by Mr. Brewse, 577 ; low drawn, and town put in a state of de- fence, ibid; procluniatiou respecting. 750 INDEX. 1- sain of li(|iior, /)79 ; f)rdpi' i'os])cctiiig liiiriiil of the (lend, ilS:! ; tliresitdiicd ;it- tiu'k of l\v Iiidiiiii.-* under Loiilrc, jiir/ ,• miinlii'r of sctlk'iv viftiudlcd, o8.5, OVA ; luoic scttkrsiiiTivcil iil, o8,j, (il8, 020 ; ai'ttlcr.s iiniiod, 58'! ; Ihroo liuiidrcd houses covercMl i;, 092 ; vohiiiUH'r.s ndsed in, by C':i])t. Claiiliiiiii, 591 ; tv.o forts fiiiislied iiiid barrieades c'oin])leted, ihid ; I'oad cut from liead ol bay to, 59.3 ; militia at, ;59G, (iOJ ; Froiie]) dc- .sijiiiH against, ;397 ; a eourt to ue hcdd at, for trial of jii'Isoiici-s, .■;98 ; lioiisc- ko('per.-i ordiHT'd to report deatlis within their hor.ses, ibiil ; luiniber of liquor shops, (iOo; punishment foi'sellin,:; liquor williout license, i/iid ; )>erinission grant- 09 ; lots to be built on within a certain time, Glii : ferry from, to Dart- mouth, established, 018 : scheme of a lotlei'v to build light-hou.se at entrance of harbour, 019 ; list of settlers, in 17i3'), 0.30 : arrival of two men with six Indian scalps, 082 ; trciity with MicuwK^ Indiiuis Signed at, 08-} ; treaty with ^Miraunchi Indians ."igned at, ()99 ; an account of the common of, 700 ; militia of, to Ix' encamped, 70.3. Ilalil'ax, l-"ort, on till! Kemi' bcc, .')9 I. Halifax, J:larl of, liicigrajihical notice oj', 590. Hamilton, Otho, Secretary of (.,'onncil. Biographical notico of, 77 : member of Council, 97 ; interview with Loiitre at Fort Lawrence, 215. Ilamiltun, Lieut. -Col., 702. 1 lannniind, I'hilip, 729. Ilaudlicld, Joim, 177, 181, .380. .381 ; Coun- cillor, 107 ; inslructions to, for removal ofAc.idi.m l''rcnch, 271; Diograjihical not ice of, ihiil. Ilai'rison, liev. John, ILuskell, :Mark, ;i07 for corresponding ;J05. Ifav, Ensign, 108. Ilazen, Capl., 119. Ilcnsliaw, Ml'., 50. Ilerinite, Mons. 1', 1. Hill, (.encral, 01. Hill, Tliumas, letter to Govr. Cornwalli.-s, 010. 20, 21 ; to 1 with , 21, 29. le pros.'cutcil the eiu'mv. Ilinchelwood, Archibald, 552, 7.'J7 ; Bio grajihical notice of, 558; memlM>r of Assemblv, 7o7 : Clerk of As.scmblv, 739. Hobby, Col. Sir Charles, 11, 12. Hopson, I'f'rcgrine Thomas, 500,501,502, 071, 072, 08IJ ; Councillor, and notice ol, 170 ; letters ol', to Lords of Trade, 197, 198, 071, 080, 081, 082 ; letter.* from l-'rench Acadians to, 201, 203 ; Commander-in-chiel at Lomshni-g, 559 ; Biograiibical notice of, 071 ; arrives at Halifax and ;;.'-sumcs the gov(M'nment of \\u' i'rovincc, 071. Hore, I.,ieut., -17.'), 7.')7. Horseman, John, 170. 572. How, J'^dward, IJiographical nr.tice of, 100 ; nundered at Ohigneclo, 191, 210, .'il'l ; sent to ratify treaty with St. Joh.n Indians, 575, 578. Hu0. 581, 58^, 585, 591, 594, 597, 043, 071, 072, 094: I'cnobscot and Cape Sal)le. their trade, 9 ; surprise and plunder lishei'Ujini at Canso, 18 ; jiluuder .Mr. .Mden's sloop, 51 ; excited to war by the I'lcnch, 5.'i ; pi'csents to, 01 ; treachery ol', i/)ii/. ■ threaten to attack Canso, l':;!. 141 : let- tor frtnn (iovr. Ainistroug to. 75 ; seize catlle, 100 ; attack fort at Grand I'rc. 177; nuu'der Capt. Hov,-, 195 : number's ot in Xo\ a Scotia, 199 ; their answ(M' to jjroposals of peace, 215 ; not jii'rmir- ted by l'"reuch to make jieace wilh I'hijj- lisli, 2 U) ; aid l'"rench in capt\uing sev- enteen vc.-'s'jIs, ;;08 ; agi'cc to sign a treaty, 572 ; dialogue with, 573 ; kill four men at .-a w-nnlls, 59.) ; sign treaties at Halifax, 574, 073, 08.J, 0!i!). Indian town. St. .lolm river, 431; called Naducteck, 4.'i8. Islclloyale, 4,27, 23. J. JoiKiniere, M.. la, li'tter of, to (iovr. Corn- wallis, .'172 ; IJiographieal notice f>f, j/;. ; death of. 373 ; lettei' from (icur. Corn- walli.1) to, 375 ; nionlion of, 597. /<;- ^"3?^, II ,7 9^b tnale, jcii :)t sloop, I, Oi'i ; Irt- ; soi7.(! I I'lT, uibors nswcM' ci'mit- ; sev- : kill (Milled . Coni- >i\ ill. ; . L'orn- INDEX. 751 Kedic, Alexander, member ol" Assembly, 729. Kilbyi Christopher, 400, 617, 627, 631. Kennebec river, jiroposed lUtack on Freiuh fort, ;j82. Keteh Harbor, settlers at, 067. Keys, Tliomas, ordiired to be whipped, G30. Kliiges, Jolm J']., G15. Knaut, Philip, member of Assembly, 729, 737. L. T/Acadle, 30. f ^a Conic, I'icrrc, 194. Lallavc, 2o, o7. Lands iit Minas and other places, fertility ol', ol. Sec Acadian i-'rcncb. Laws, eoniniittee on, appointed, 59G. Lawrence, (iovenior, apixMiited Couneil- lor, 170 ; President, 211 : JjioyraphicMl nolieeol', 2;M ; liUters toLords of Tradf, 212, 2.39, 2.S1, 302, 307, 100, 408, 709, 711, 71(>, 723, 728 : letters to .Seeretiiry of .Stiite, 243, 283, 308 ; letter to Ciipt. Ilussey. 237 : leller to Ciipt. Murray, 241 ; letters loCol. Monekton, 2(i7,2G9 ; eireubirs to tiovernors on tlu^ eontinent, 277, 303 ; letters to (iovr. Shirley, 29G, 299, ,370 ; imy of as Bri^-adier,' 488 ; warrant to, to hold eonrts nKirtIal,417 ; ppeeeli at the opening of the lirst Lej;is- lative Asseiiil)iy at llidifa.x, 730 ; an- swer of llu^ iVssenihh' to his .speeeh, 733 ; liis speech on the openin;.; of the second session, 73o ; also on tla^ open- in;; of tlu> second Assembly, 737 ; rcjily of Assembly, 740. I.awreucctowii, eonnly of llalitax, 402, 4;)8. La\vrcnce, fort, 40;;. rmnificaiiou for expenses incurred in sup]iort of Acadian French, 294 ; (iovr. Sliirh.'v's reply to, 295 ; letters of (iovr. of Massachusetts to (iovr. Lawrence, respecting .Vcadian I''r(Mich, 301, 302 ; refuse t.. receive Acadian Fi'cnch, 307, 332, 3.')3, 3.J5 ; to raise mure troojis for Nova Scotia, .■)93, 481 ; resolution I'c- speeling troops raised for Nova Scotia, 420 ; troops threaten to f av(! Nova Scotia, 479 ; troops desert Fort Frcid- crick, 482, 484 ; troops to Ite sent to Loui-burgand Halifax, 484, 490 ; troop." to be sent to St. John river, 485. Manger, Joshua, Ijiogrnpbical notice ol, G4G ; charges agamst, il/id. McNutt, Mr., 473. Mclaneon, Jean, 1C8. 752 1XI»KX. Jloniidi, Abbe, 328, ,'{40 ; lettrr of iiitro- (hu'.lioii to CJovcrnor Miisearonc, 121 ; ill bcliiivioiir ot, oU) ; ni(i;;rii|)bieiil no- lico of, i//i(l. Scv Aciiiliau f'l'oncb. Mt'ft'cr, .laiiiCH Fv.. nit'inbcr of Council. 170, ,072. Mcs'sii;;nai!ili livcr, I'rcncli dofcaU'il iit, by iMoiickton, lOS. Militia, .3%, (W'j, Cm, 702, 701. AlituiH, l(i, 1.3, KJ, ,11, (iO, i:Jl, 208, .5(!1, o'.)5 : i("-oliilions of inbaliilanls of, 10, 15 ; inlialnlantH of rt'fii.si' to take outli <»f ullcffiancc, 7-5 ; report of olliccrs on tlioir retniii lVoni,"t) ; lotlcr from inbabitanl.s to Captain (iann, l.'i.) ; lottor to inlial)i- tanti5 of, from (iovornor JMascarcnc, lo7 ; I'Xpiil.sion of Missionary from, oGo ; liousrs hnrnt at, ifiid. Missionaries, iij;lil of I'rancc; to yL-nd, de- nied, '170. jMonk, James, ((92. Moneklon, Robert, 207, 20P, 377, oO.'5, .30;), ;!!)(), -1(11, 113, 111, 418 ; Conneillor, 201 ; insi ructions to, to raise uhmi in IJoston, 301 ; l!iof,frapbi''al notices ot, ilii(/. ; Meanst jour surrenders to, 108 ; wounded at C2"t'bi'C, 4(52 ; letter to tJini. AV'hitmore, 1()3. iloi-eau, J. Ba[)tislo, 510 : Biograpliical notie(! of, Ot>8. Morris, Hon. Cbarlrs, 440, (504, 002, 717, 730 ; iJi();4ra)ibieal notice (jf, 203 ; his ri>porl on tlie Connnon, 701. Morris, llunli'r, (ioviMiior of iVnnsvlva- nia, 407, 412, 41.3. Mostyn, Adndral, 2;37, 2.38, 2G0, 203. Murray, Capt. .\., letters, to (iovernor Lawrence, 222,223, 22.3 ; letter to, from Mr. Cotterell, 231 : dii'ectious to arrest French desertiM-s, 212; directions to order inliiibitaiits to send deputies lo Halifax, 2,3(). Murray, (ieneral, dcl'eat of, 4S-3. iMus(inodobuit ILubor, 402, 07!'. N. .\esbitt,A\'iniani,;3.32, 024, 7.37 ; IJioKra])!!- ieal notice of. .3.38 : Sjieaker of As.-jem- bly, 7.34. New Kn-land forces, .307, 100, 410, 428, 420,437, 430, 441, 41.3, 440, 470, 482, 484, 100, 1S.3. Neweasile, Duke ol, nioyrajihical notice of, S.3. .Newfoundland, 31. 332. Newton, lit \iv\, 323, 720, 737 : notice of, 323. Newton, lliblHMt, 20, 21, 24, 20, .37, fi2 : l{io;;rapliiral notico i)f, 20. Newton, Joini, 737. Now Yorlc, in groat fear of Bompar's Kqmulron, 449. Niagara, o.Npcdition against French fort at, 400, 410 ; .surrender of fo't, 4f32. Nicholson, Governor, 4, 8, 0, 12, ,36, 38 ; Ulographical notice of, 11. Nova Scotia, 377, 370, 391, 303, 410. 424, 400 ; situation and state, of, in 1720, 18 ; description of, by Govornoi- Mascarene, 30 ; state of the forces in, 208, 4.37 ; ad- dress of Ifouse of Iteprcscntative.s of, to Ciovernor, to remove I'rpncli inhabi- tants, 315 ; French claim northern part of, .301, 3G3, 3(57, 309, 374 ; cominis.sion- er.s to .settle boundariw of, 370 ; assist- ance to be sonl I'rom .Massachusett.s to drive French out of, 380, .308 ; pro]iosed campaign against French in, 384, 389, 393, 421, 432, 438 : loss of would aftecl the lal(! of the other colonies, 387 ; two thousand men lobii raised in Ma.ssachn- setts for sei'vice in, .393 : forces in, 402 ; re-settling lands evacuated by I'^rcnch, andfortifyingSt. John's river, 421; forces in, to join e.Tpedition against (inebec, 412 ; (likes injured by slorm, 468 ; pros- jx'rity of the province, 472 ; i)rovincial troo))s, 475 ; Massachusells forces to re- t\u'n home. 470 ; advertisement of pro- posal to settle, 49.3 : list of settlers, 50G ; jjrojiosal of a French mrrchant to bring settler.s to, 570, 579 ; bad management, in, 580 : steps taken foi- security of, 594 ; e.xpenscs of colony, ()17, 0S7 : linancial affairs, 033 ; list of families settled in, 650 ; condition of settlers and settle- ment, 074 ; estimate for the year 1751, (iOO ; number of members of a.s.seinblv, 718, 727. o. Oath of allegiance and lidelitv, taken by Acadian French, 21, 80, 91, 167, 188, 203, .309, 353, 354 ; taken by inhabi- tant.s of Annaiiolis river, 09, 84, 121 , taken bv .\(Mdian French on reduction of I'ort'Koyal, 203, 204, 205, 200, 207 ; iTipiired by I>oar P. I'anticc, Williain, 729. I'urdonne, const ruction of the word, 278, 28:5. I'assiiiimquoddy harbor, vessel captured l)_y Indians in, -130. PatcotyeaU, 4:18. I'eabody, Francis, 357. Pensons, Captain, 4. I'ctcrs, Kichai'd, letter of, to (iovernor l)cLaney, announcing (ien. JJraddock's defeat, 412. Pliilipps, IficliarJ, Governor, 20, 37, 4.3, 53, 58, 84, 85 ; letters of, to IJoard of Trade, !(!, 53, ('1, 87, 102 : ISioj^raphical notice ol', 17 ; letters to .Secretary of .State, 18, 31, 35, 40, 52, oo, 83, 8() ;' let- ters to and from inliai)itant.s of ^liiias, &e., 21, 28, 30 ; letters, to ii.lial.itants ofCliij^neeto and Annapolis river, 22 ; lettei-, to Father Duiiind, 2'> : to (j<)v- ornor of Cape liveton, 20, 38 : to Hoard of Ordnance, 58 ; to William Winnict, 59, Pliilipps, Fra^mus, 571, 737 : sent to Mi- nas to tender oalli of allegiance to French inhabitants, (i8, 107. Pliijjs, .Spencer, Lieut. -tiovei'noi' of !Mas- saebusetts, 182 ; Jiiof^raphical notice of, 1S3 ; letters, to CjJo\ernor Lawrence, 293, 301,302, 409, 411, 419. Pichon, 'l'lK.nias, (see Tyrell,) 229. Pis'.quid, (Windsor,) Govr. Armstrong's letter to dcjinties of, 90 : Govr. Masca- ri'ne's letter to deimties of, 137 : fort at, 403 ; troojis to bo sent to, 442 ; .Swiss sent to, (i'i2. Pliicentia, in Newfoundland, 29, 38, 51. I'oint. I'leasanl, Halifax, batteries lo be erected at, 703,704. Port Roval, terms of capitidation of, 12, 158, 203. Pownall, Thomas, Governor of Massa- chusetls, letters of, to (iovernor l>aw- rence, 301, 4 H), 411, 481, 482, 483 ; Bio- yrapbical notice of, 304. Pownell, John, 49(;. I'rehle, Major, 299 ; instrnctions to re- move Acadian l'"rench from Cape Sable, 300 ; wounded at iJeausijour, 108. Prescott, .Jiinatban, (554. Priests, F(4i\ and N'incent, 1(> ; tin priest at Atmajiolis river visits (iovernor at the head ol' one hundred and fifty young men, .31 ; absents himself to avoid at- tending bi4'(}re the Council, 32 ; iisseiii- ble at Slinas, 35 ; their inlluence ill Ca|i(! Preton, 50 ; intinudute A<^adians with false stateuicnts, 30 ; their junver over the inhabitants, 58 ; conduct of, 04, 99, 101, 103, 106, 115, 118, 198 ; act judi- ciidly. 111 ; government regulations relative to, 124 ; Descinclaves, Chev- reuil, and (Jerard ordered to Halifax, 170 ; suflicient number to be allowed to the inhabitants, 202 : right of Franco to send missionaries, denied, 370. Sec, also, Acadian French. Prisoners taken by I'rench at LouLsburg, released, 3(i2, 373, 375. Pr(K4auiations, 505, 571, ()22, 029,040 : to .Acadian Frcuich, 22, 105, 171, 177 ; against exjiorting corn, 219 ; olfering ten guineas for an Indian scal|i, 582 ; of treaty of peace with Miemacs, 0h5 : for forming a militia, 093. Products of Acadia, 40. Provincial troops, 259, 297, 420, 442, 445, 440, 449, 403, 404, 405, 40(i, 474, 475, 477, 479, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 490. Q. (Juebce, Pisho]) of, 125, 370 ; letter to, from (iovernor Armstrong, 99 ; letter to (iovernor Mascarene, 121; letter to AL le Loutre, 240. Quebec, expedition ag.ainst, 441, 442, 449 : (iibson's account of the seigo of, 452 : lower town burnt, 459 ; battle of the windmill, 4(50 ; fall of, 402, 403 ; death of .Montcalm and Wolf, litV/ ,• number killed anil woinided, i/ii:/. ; aiiny to re- main all winter at, 403 : new defences of, 470 ; £20,000 sent to the giiriison, 471 : reinforcements sent to, 480. Queen Amu-, letter of, 12, 15, 29. R. Kamesay, M. dc, 508 : Hiogniphieal notie-<_^*^ X* ] i- 754 INDEX. s. Saolvvillc, Fort, nt hciul of Chcbucto Ba- sin, 402, 4;J8. Siiiiil Johii'.s lAand, 10, 19, 54. Saint John, NcwromiiUtiiKl, Ibrt at, d3i>. Siiint Joim's Uivcr, 98, IS.j. XiS, oO.'J, ;J71, ;i7i2, .'i7i, ;J7<>, '.if>.'j, ;J98, 421, 434, 437, 412, 4(kS, f)i)'2 ; Frcneli scttlLnicnt at, (17-J2,) 9.5 ; l''i'ench rctiro I'roiii fort, 2;58 ; had condiu.-t of Ciinadiun P'roncli, ']')(') ; cnci-oacliincnt oi' FrcMich, 5GS ; Capt. lions' alliiir at, 576, 578. Saint I'oncy, INI. do, 99, I.JO, 107, US. Sec Acadian Fivneh. Salisl)Mry, John, KJG, 5G2 ; liiograpliieal nolico of. 570. .Suitor, !Malachy, nicniher of Assembly, 7.37 ; ljio;4raiiiii(,'al nolico of, i/jid. Sanderson, Robert, fiixt Sjieaker of As- sembly, 730. Sainiders, Admiral, letter of, to (jovernor Wliilniore, 4(i3. Sanl, 'I'lionias, Councillor, 309,477. Savaye, Arlhu;-, Conneillor, 20, 21, 24, 29. Sawmills, Dartmonlh, 402, 008, 017. Scott, Captain, 390,427, 4.39 ; letter from Tiios. I'ichon to, 22!). Scott, Josc).!), 002, 737. .'Secretary of State, letters of, to Governor Lawri'iiee, 27'S, .383 ; to (Jovernor \Vil- mot, 3.38, 342, 347 ; to (Jovernor Franek- lin, 352 ; to (Jovernor Shirley, 382. Settlements iii Acadia in 1720, 40. Settlers, at Halifax, list of, 500 : more arrive, 585, 018, 020 ; (Jermans arrive, 021 : Swiss arrive, 044 : list of families of, 050 ; foi'eiL;n settlers diseontenled, 077; obli:;'e(l to ]>ay their iiassii;L;o by labor, (i79 ; contention amon^', 081. Shirley, NN'iHiam, (Jovernor of Massachu- s(>tts, reply to address of Assembly of ■Massachusi'lts, nsjicetiny Acadian I'reneh sent then-, 295 ; letter of, to Coimt de la (jJalissiomiien", 308 ; letters to(Jovei'nor Lawrence, .380, 381, 383, .393, 421, 428, 437 : Bioi;rai.liical notice; of, 3S0 ; letters, to Secretary of .Stale, .382, .38 I. Sherriir, William, CounciUor, 20, 21, 24, 29, 57, (Hi. Shubenacadie river, 183. Skene, William, Conneillor, 20, 21,24,29, 57 ; notice of, 7(). .Slocomb, Capt. .Simon, 737. Smart, C apt., 48, 49. ,Sonl)ras, M,, 4. Sontiiaek, Cyprian, Councillor, 20, 21. 24, 29. Spry, Connnander, 439. Steele, William, Conneillor, 170 ; notice of, 5()2, 572. Ktobo, Captain, at (2uebcc, 450. Sncklinff, George, 729. Sutherland, Colonel, connnanding at Lu- uenbui'g, 214. T. Talamagonelie. 434. Thrnmp Caj), si;|nal st.ition at, 702. Ticonderoya, taken, 451. Tongo, Capt., 328, 354. Tonye, Winkwortli, 737. Tou^e, iMisigu, 408. Townshend, Lord, hitter of, to Board of Trade, enclosing letti'r fiom De Pon- ehartraine respecting the removal of Acadians (1714), 5. Townsiiend, Chauncey, contracts of, 024, 045. Townshijjs, 718 ; number of representa- tives foi', 718, 727 ; Iionndaries of, 719, 727 ; approval of phm of, 725. 'J'rade of Acadia, with Cape Breton, 48 ; with the enemy, KJO. Trade, illicit, of Colonics with Frencli, 038. Traders np the Bay, cliai-gcd with insti- gating inhabitants to ojijiose the autho- rities at Annapolis, 79. Treaty of Peace between (Jreat Britain atid France, 308 ; of Utrecht, see Utrecht. Treaties willi Indians, 574, 073, GS3, G99. Trin, J., Bishop of (Quebec, letter of, to Govern r Masciirene, 121 ; Governor ^lascarene's answer, 122. Trin'o, 47. Tvrrell, Tliomas Signis («//rt.s Pichon), "229, 233, 238, 240 ;' Biograi>hical notice of, 229. u. Utrecht, Treat v of, Mtli article of 4, 12 I2tli article of, 14 ; note of, 204, 280. V. Vaudroiil, !Mons., 409, 471. \'ergor, >I. Duchambon de. Biographical notice of, 230 ; eonunandant at Boausc- joui', 239. V(;rte, Bay ol', 48, 199 ; fort Gaspereau."c at, 200. Vetch, Governor, 10, 12 ; letter of, to Lords of Trade on the state of Acailia in 1714, 5. INDEX. 755 Jiiig at Lu. , 702. to Board of 111 De Pon- removal ol" icl8 oi; 024, rcprc«c)it!i- ['•■■•^ oi; 7iy, 5. 'reton, IS ; Ii Froiicli, 'vith insti- llio auUio- rocht, see r>S3, GOi). tier of, to Governor Piclioii), -ill iiotiet; if. 1, 12 i, 280. ;i'iil)liini(l poreaux V of, to Acadia V'ici'.x, ho'^k, fort at, instructions to ofifi- tteis of, to Jiords of Trade, ;j40 ; to Lord Ilalifax 341, 343, 349, 3J0 ; to Cajit. Williams' 352 ; I3iogfai)liical notice of, 340. ' ^Vmmctt, William, 74 ; letter from Govr. PMilipps to, 59 ; member of Coiincil 97 WinsicMv, Col. .Jolm, of Mai-slificld 39r." 398,437, 439. 702,703, 704. 705 ; in! structions to, for removal of Acadian French, 271; Biogrupliical notice of ibtd. ' Wolf, General, 442, 447, 448, 449, 459 • extract from orders of, -100. Wroth, Ensign liohert, repiimanded by Governor and Council fur his conduct in administering a (inalified oath of »]. li'gi.inee to French iiilmhiianls, 78 ; dif- fienlly with Acadian Frencli on uceounl ol the oath administered bv, 203. z. Zoubcrbuhler, Sebastian, 092, 737. ERRATA. Pngo GO, for Josepli Doucette, read John Doucctte. 140, for Gov. Mascarene to Gov. Shirley, read Gov. Mascarene to " 175, in note, for Ccadia, read Acadia. 182, in note, for in Chebucto, read at Chcbucto. 537, for Hochampton, read Roehampton. I' 538, for .ship JJeaufort, at the top of page, read Roehampton. 538, for Lockman, read Lochman, 543, for Laiiceston, read Launceston. 552, add (e) after the name William ^"esbett. G27, in note, for of the country, read up the country. 058, for Wemnani, read Wcnman. 059, for Lockman, read Lochman. *' 664, note, captain in the army, an error. " 700, for Acadia shall, in 11th line, read Acadia as shall. " 700, for his max-, read his mark. ;. / " for n^onman, read Wenman. T^^ , ^^.^^v'^ .^^^ a.'f^ T'^e./^^isf iAe. k/7'e(n/iu %J/i£u/ /c^> t-i. ;■. / d y^ if ^Uy C^As^r ty/Y^^^ r/ nfnc/ia^nj y/ui^ //?aAju fl^//^ uypc^^ ^/^ r/t^ ^ o-f^ i/cH^€^c^/t ^^^K jtiz/o' &eorge . ^/n^^^^zou^c^/zimo V/-?^ ^ / J r: ■y^f'^^ (; '//^/^/^ /f/^/yM'A ma^k A //tm/L^u^ilA Q^lua I ' P. ^ L ^/yf/f/a^^/^y^f^^r^: .J{(/7((a./utjyi -- 4t, %yjca/l- ;? ^.- ,/, /u.^ y^ \.r ^ ii^M \ n^x^^cavc/iJ : CV^ Ui ;^< ^:>>/m?^C^'^ ^/^/^r^/^/ J? TTLorH. / r^ a l^l. hta^ 'n J^tttyAi^ ^^^na^l 7 -< ^^^^2^^:^^rii^ t ^/ ^€^ ^' ^K v_ V <^?e://>; p 4^ /WV n^ /^' rt ^n.e6o>'''~. 2^^^ ?^ ^^'My