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'B?o>' 
 
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 ^^gE£S3C£Mm^- 
 
 REPORT 
 
 ON A PROPOSED 
 
 
 ar^ag^ 
 
 FOK 
 
 ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND, 
 
 BY 
 
 RUDOLPH HERING, 
 
 CIVIL AND SANITARY ENGINEER, M. Am. S(X„ C. E., M. I. C. E. 
 ACX^OMPANIED BY REPORT ON THE" SAME, BY 
 
 CHAS. J. HARVEY, TOWN ENGINEER. 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 Plumbing AND House Drainage 
 
 REGULATIONS, 
 
 TO BE ADOPTED. 
 
 PRINTED BY' ORDER OF 
 
 The St. John's Municipal Council. 
 
 MERCURY PRINT. 18Wt. 
 
 aaP'KJk' 
 
 "O, 
 
 _i?w - ' 
 
 ^WV^-T" 
 
V -^ f -*',>. ?, 
 
!■■■ 
 
 Rhll'OIIT ON A l»lI()l'()SKI) SYSTEM OF SEWKllACK FOR 
 
 TIIK CITY OF ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND, BY 
 
 RUDOLPH 1IER[NG, M. Am. S.kj, (J.F., M.LC.E. 
 
 -— 5-5-^=C' 
 
 TlIK MUNICII'.M Coi'XCII, OF THE 
 
 City ol" St. .lolui's, Nuvvrumullimd 
 
 Nku' York, March, 1S89. 
 
 Genti.kmk.v, — 
 
 The luUowiiiu report iijk)!! a system of sewcirago Jur the oily of 
 St, JoiHr.s is resi)eetl'ully presented : — 
 
 Yo(ir City Engineer, Mr. Chas. J. Harvey, before iiis arrival in 
 this city, had well pre|)ared himself with the necessary preliminary 
 information in the way of topographical maps, profiles and other data 
 upon which a i-ecommendation foi- a [)lan of sewerage, caii he based. 
 Reing thoroughly familiar with the local conditions' he could readily 
 answer all pertinent questions, and being well posted in the litera- 
 ture of the subject and in the designs elsewhere ado[)ted and carried 
 out, he was well able to thoroughly understaml the |)rinciple features 
 and the details of the work herein proposed. 1 have therefore everv 
 reason to believe that the snb.seiinent recoinuieiidations and tlie luail- 
 ner in which Mr. Harvey ujay carry them uiit, are and will be snb- 
 Hlantially the same, as tjioiigli I had myself \isitedyour city and made 
 a [)er,sunal examination of the local coiiditioiis. 
 
 Inasiiuich as \vi' have tlun'onglily talked over the vaiions matters 
 pertaining to tlie design and conslnicliou of the W(ji'k, it will only be 
 necessary m the following i)ages to state the general i)oints of most 
 interest to xonr.sehes. 
 
 The hrsi (jneslion which it was necssary to ;.ettle, referred tu 
 the general character of the .system best suitable Ibr your locality. 
 
 As tlu! i;ii\ is built upon .somewhat stee,. iiidine.s. slo[)ing on one 
 Hid(! towards the harbor, and on the oth(;r towards a brook 'leading 
 into Qnidividi Lake, ilu- rainwater can be mo.st directly and economr- 
 cally disposed of into these two bodies of water at tiie neare.st pointB). 
 
 The sewiiiie. however, when constit iiting the waste waters fro ui 
 ap(»p(dation oftiD.oiiii p,..r.soii,s. which luimber'it is considered [)rndent 
 to proxide lor, shoiibl be (Ii,s<-Ii:i,rn(-(I ii.Miher into the h;irbor nor into 
 the l;ik.': it loii-i ibcrrtUiT !.,• i ii I .mvi,! ,..! from i i s ol bcrwi.^e iialnral 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 
coiMMO ami Ciiiriml lo a poiiil Avlu'if it iiiav propt'ilv 1r' deposited. 
 {Such a point \h to bu lomid at Chain Kock. Here, at the luuTowu.st 
 j)oint ot the bay the tichil current will be .stronf^est and a thorough 
 dilution o\' the sewajic will be obtained, making' any artificial 
 method ol' ])urification entirely unneceHHary Such artificial purifica- 
 tion, whether it 18 secured chemically, by precipitating the suHpended 
 and dissolved organic nuitti r, oi' mechanically, by a process oriiltratiou 
 through soil or other material, would not meet with permanent suc- 
 cess and favor. The t'ormei- method re(|uires large tanks and ma- 
 chinery foi' jtreiiariiig and mixing the added ingi'cdients with the 
 sewage, ])ressing the sludge, and ])erliaps also for j)umping. The 
 manurial value of the sludge is slight, and the net annual expense for 
 conducting this pi'ocess would therefore not be inconsiderable. Puri- 
 fication by filtration through natural soil is impracticable because no 
 suitable territor\ exists, and filtration through artificial filters would 
 be (luile costh . 
 
 Adopting therefore the scheme of disiutsing the sewage in its 
 crude state at Chain Rock, and of discharging the storm water practically 
 where it flows at present, it becomes a (juestion whether sewage and 
 etormwater had best be kept entirely separate, or first be allowed to 
 enter the same sewers and then be separated by an intercepting sewer 
 large enough to carry only the sewage to Chain Rock, the excessive 
 flow due to rains escaping into the harbor and brooks. If you had no 
 sewers at present and were troubled with flooding by stormwater, and 
 if your streets were all paved, this question might have some weight, 
 but as the rain water does not trocble you to any great extent, since 
 a large number of channels are already provided ior its removal, and 
 as the streets are not paved, which necessarily allows a good deal of 
 silt to wash into any underground sewers, 1 consider it unquestion- 
 ably better to keep the sewage and road water in dift'ereut channels. 
 The flat grades that are necessary to take the sewage frouj the western 
 part of the city to the outfall by gravity will cause rather a slight 
 velocity, and if road silt were mixed with the sewage, there would be 
 a considerable deposit of filthy matter besides an increased ditlieulty 
 of keeping the sewers clean. 
 
 1 therefore reconnnend to you the so-called "separate system" 
 and shall hereafter refer only to the sewers for foul and sewage water, 
 leaving the (|uesti(jn of street water removal tnitouched. As to the 
 j)articular kind of separate system, T prefer that which is modelled 
 after the principles laid down by Sir Robert Rawlinson, C.B., late 
 Chief Engineer of the Local Government Board, England, and not 
 alter those adopted by Col. G. E. Waring, Jr., in several cities of the 
 U. S. The reas(jns 1 have, are the same wliich are contained in sun- 
 dry articles of a late discussion in the Engineering and Building Re- 
 cord and in Engineering News of this city, and of w liich Mr. Harvey 
 has copies. 
 
For tlio follow iiij;' rciisoiis, I .idvi.-" you to |)id|M)r( i(»ii iIk; n nvui'is 
 of a sunk'ient ni/e to receive, be.side.s the hcwii^c, iilsowoiiKM-ain v. iter. 
 It iM a great convenience to proi)erty holdera to take the roof v. iter 
 into their driiiim, and it furthermore an,siHt.s in thishin<^ then, while 
 the sinuiltaiieous entrance of thin water all over th(* .system causes 
 the main sewers likewise to get a good Hushing — a Ixitter one than 
 can he obtained in an artificial way. 
 
 from the data in the ijosses.siou of Mr. Harvey, I concluded that 
 it would be projK'r to allow for 0.7") cu. ft. per sjc. per acre of roof 
 surface to reach the sewers at one time, and for 20 percent, of the area 
 along the business streets and 10 per cent, of the remaining area to })e 
 covered with roofs. The intercepting .sewor was calculatecl to receive 
 only as nuich rain water r.s the m;ixinnnn (luantity of sewage. This 
 was assumed at 12.-") cu. ft. per sec. for 60,000 per,sons, on a basis of 
 a water supply of 7o Imp. galls, per head per day. 
 
 The smallest .size for a sewer 1 usually advi.se as 8" diameter. 
 But as you can more conveniently purchase 9" pipe from Eugland, it 
 is better to use this larger size. 
 
 There is no difficulty in your city of obtaining good grades for all 
 of the sewers, excepting the one along Water Street. For this I have 
 suggested a fall of 1:1,000. a.s a mininunn. The depth of the sewers 
 below the street surface should, as a rule, be sufficient to allow of the 
 cellars being drained. The courses of the sewers, which a careful in- 
 vestigation has shown to be the best, are marked upon the map. As 
 before mentioned, the outfall is placed at Chain Rock. To it leads 
 the circular main outfall sewer from Temperance Hill, ^ ft. ins. in 
 diameter, receiving at this point the sewage from '.] main sewers; one 
 coming from Circular Road, 24 ins. diauieter or its ecjuivalent egg- 
 shaped form if built of brick ; another from Military RosmI, 12" in 
 diameter; and a third, from Water Street. The latter is the inter- 
 ce])ting sewer, collecting ull the .sewage whicii would, otherwi.se enter 
 the harbour. It is egg-shaped, with a rather large radius for t\u, in- 
 vert, and decreasing in size from 2' f" by o'tj" to l2" near Flower Hill 
 and New Gower Street. Near Cathedral Hill it receives the sewage 
 from a nuiin .sewer coming down Long's Hill. 
 
 The assumed min. grade for tfie intercepting .sevver does notallow 
 it to drain property further West than (^iieen Street. Th 
 
 e area lying 
 
 beycmd, between Water Street West. Hamilton Avenue and New 
 (jower Street cannot be drained to the proposed outfall by gravity on 
 any grades that will give a satisfactory flow. This area will therefore 
 either have to be drained into the head of the harbor, or its sewage 
 will have to be pumped into the intercepting sewer at Queen Street. 
 I believe that for .some time there will be so small an amount of sew- 
 age from this district that a di.scharge into the harbor will not be ob- 
 jectionable, if an outfall [)ipe is carried to the head of the pier at 
 Spring-dale Street to deej) water. Fiafer. a steam pump. Shone ejector, 
 

 
 or (tlluM' lllnlul', will liiivc 111 !»(• used to till I his scwM'.' IiiId Hm} lii<'ll- 
 k»Vt)| scwrl- ;it. (^IU!('ll Slrc'-I. 
 
 Ill n'^iilii(ii!ij; t'it» liniisf (lriiiii!i'_''' nt' tliis In'v, level tlistrict. it will 
 lie Well to limit tlie iiiiioiint of root' w.iter enteiinr llie sewer iis iiiueli 
 a' priU'tieiiMe, touvoifl the expense of |)iiiii|)iiit>' the siiiiie. 
 
 The alignment of the sewers should he eiirefiilly made on the 
 IJiiwIinson |>riii('iitle of rii;lit lines hetween imin-hoies, ciiivinif .-n- 
 tiix'ly within the liilter, in order to allow of a completer inspeetioii of 
 the entire system nt anytime. The pi|K!s should he laid perfectlv 
 straight to lines and g -ades, so that a light held at one man-hole inav 
 he seen tVom the next one. The curve's should he made even and 
 smooth, so as to prevent all deposit. The hriek sewer.s, which are 
 large enough to enter, slionid he curved on larger radii. 
 
 As the main sewers are calculated to carry a good deal more' rain 
 water than the ini 'icep'ing sewer, overllows or relict's are iiciM'ssarv 
 o[)p()site or near tluir inttMsection. Where thesi? can he so arranged 
 that the old sewers can t.ike this snrplns wat(M'. it should, ol' course, he 
 dom; : otherwise, new ovei'llow sewers must he hiiilt. The point at 
 which the overllow hegin.'-' slioidd he at least •,' of the height ahove the 
 invert. The rising water ihiiing a fain, first tlushes most of the (ill liy 
 wulor ahead to out-fall, and the How that conu's after, is consideraldy 
 more diluted than ordinary stnvage, and can tem[)orailly lie allowed to 
 escaped into the liarhoi' generally without heing noticed. 
 
 The overllow .sewer proposed at the foot «)t' 'lemperance Hill, 
 should he carried to the head of the pier, where i' can 1k^ iisimI as ihe 
 out-fall of the entire system for a iiumhcr ol years, saving for such a 
 time the e\i)eiise of 1 he out-fall sewer to (Jliain Kock. As soon as it is 
 found that the (piamity of sewage delivered, is too great to safely 
 (low out so near the > ity, then the more distant out-fall must he i'(>- 
 .sorted to. The proposed grades will admit ol such an extension witli- 
 oiit dilliciilty. 
 
 It has already been iiKTK'ated how the s\ st( m can he inspected 
 and (ixamined. It remains to state liow it can he cleaned. It will 
 hardl_\ ever he n.'cessai'y to clean it otherwise than l>y Hushing. 1 1" 
 so. howe\-er. hrushes and scrapers can In- pidled or pushed from iiian- 
 h(de to man-hole. Flushing ol' the hraiich sewers is (lo\ie hy huildinii 
 suitable hasiiis. like inan-lioles. al the heads, and provi<ling them 
 either with automatic llush tanks, as supplied hv the trade, or with 
 llap \'al\cs which can he drawn \ty hand alter the hasin has been 
 filled with watei' from a water cait or a ho-e. Unless there is an 
 abumlance of water at your disposal. I t' ik flushing by hand will 
 he t(uite as satisfactory, if not more so, as it re<piires mucii less water. 
 
 The interc,ei)ting sewers and the larger of the main sewers should 
 he provided with |>en-stocks, placed once in about *2,00(> feet, which 
 can st(tre n[> the .sewage when desired, and by a sudden opening cause 
 the penned-up water to Hush the .sewer b(jth "above and heUnv it. 
 

 Al ■^.'v.'iiil |H.iii|,s II ispoM.sil.lc fn iiiiik,. iiniiii-jt'iii.'iitM to admit 
 the wiit.T In.m l.ionksim.l tliiin to tcn.poniriiy iiu'jyiiMi' tlin ,llovv .uij.l. . , 
 to cmiM.' !i lliish. For ii.stiinn., M,,. l,i^|, |c.v..| m,m/hi' niii in'. ||„J,hJ in' 
 tins mmi.HT with wnt.'i- IVoi.i th.. hn.ok -M ihrU'rn Ifill;' nil(r the' hiw- 
 h'vol srw.T (•.•111 hv tlu.shc.i by th.' hrooks IVoiii MourUVn ' Pond and 
 at S|)nn,ir(hih' Stm't, the hitter Ihi.shiiiir the t.'m|.(,mrv oiith-t. 
 
 The yentihitioii of the siMvers is of <^r('-M imi.ortanee hoth to 
 hieihtiite rhr ia|Md (hliitioii iiiid removal of sewer-iiir, and to prevent 
 III." drawiii,!: or hh.wiiif. out of the tra|)s, coimected with the Hvstem 
 The air III the sewer must, therefore, have a free comminiieation witli 
 the atmosphere. Tsiially this is obtained by pertbratiiifr the mai)di(do 
 eovers. II, whicli ea.se a dirt box must be siispendtvl hejiouth theJii ' 
 wliere the .sewers have steej) onuh's as in voin-eitv. 1 think it will 
 l)e a.:vi8able also to have special vent pi|)es carrieii from the hi'^hest 
 points or (h'ad ends of the sewers ..p to the roof of the near biiihfin"s ' 
 liie arrani-ement of the streets makes it possible to coiuiect the hi.dfer 
 endsof a ninnber of branch sewers with a main .sewer eros.sin.r i^a ' 
 (hrectioii, aiid thus to .seeiire a beiter cirenlatioii )f air and al.so a liiisti ';" 
 fri'in the main .sewer when desiriMJ. ' ' ' ■ ' nitn]r> 
 
 These nu^thodsof ventilation are the most common i.nl tli" leiiAt""' 
 expeiLsive, Mid if the sewers, -ire well lln.shed, they do not, -.ivo anv ' 
 cause lor complaint. •' '^ i .'.ir* •<! 
 
 To ^et the .greatest possible beiielit from a svstein of .sewers it is'""' 
 nece.ssa,ry to give a careful attention al.s., to tl. draimf^- of h(Mi.se.s'' ''' 
 llegnlatKms governing tlio arrangements shoini bo estai)li.shed and ' 
 tlie m.sp.M'tion of the piiimbing [.laced in the hands of the eno-ineei- 
 nig department. Such regulations an.l rules are adopted iii a lar-e '' 
 uunioerot cities with great advantages to the communities So far'' ' 
 as the street .sewers are concerned, it is necessary to re.iuire tint the ' ' 
 house drains, when built of gla/.ed terra-cot ta "pipe, shall l)e 'laid"r) ' ' ' 
 niches in diaineter from the outside of tlii> h(.use to the sewer They ' ''' 
 may be I inches in diameter if of cast iron All pipes inside of tjie ' '' 
 walls oi the hoii.se should be of iron or lead and never of terra-cotta 
 
 in a .systeir- of sewers there are numerous details to be consider- 
 ed both m the design and in ^he construction It is of th" <mnte.st 
 importam^e to give tiiem all the attention pnicti.'alile, because a sys- 
 tem may partially fail of its true ()urpo,se for want of such a,ttention ' ' 
 
 The materials used should be of the be.st to .secure permanency ' 
 ol the works and the labor should be faithfd throu'^hout, not only to 
 secure strength, but al.so to .secure a s-nuoth interior surface a--iinst ' 
 which the sewage is to run. and regular curves within, chance for '" 
 dcp<.sits at junctions or wherever the sew.-r chaii'^vs direct i,,n 
 
 \'ery rt'spect fully, 
 
 RrnoLPH HEniXG. 
 
i:V'I'n;:T ON A IMIOI'OSKD SV>ri:M OK SViWHHAOr, FOU 
 
 '"•;; CITV nV SIV .IOIIN •< NKWKOlNDiiAND, BY 
 
 OilAKLES .! HA1{VKN ! rv Kncinkkii. 
 
 ■^ iMiix's N.F., April ITtli, IBS'.). 
 
 Cliai tonn mul Mnnturs '' lln Min.hijul ('mim !/ nf St. Ji'/di's: 
 
 The '.iillowin}; <m tin; tpi sii ,,i m ii new Hewora^jff^ HVHtom foi- the 
 •.VII off'* J )bji'8 IM r<'S|tHt'tf'iill\ - iiii'tiMl Cor V(»iir coiisKU'riitioii. 
 ^'voi : '•■ "''strucfioi'".' (•(-•.' >,•.! !f()m tiic Omiu'il, 1 ciin'iiul out 
 . pnilivtiiiiiiVN ' ". >>i tlu' t.•M^ ii u r St NV(M'!i;r»! piirpoMos. Hejj;imiin<^ 
 on tli<j iwciitii ' "i Nuv«smli«-i ia. i . "((tM'utions were confined prin- 
 I'ipiillv to jxirtioi'-- pnviuii><ly iiii-<.it\ cvimI iind to taking levifls in all 
 tiiij stret ,H rfo as '. i'sruiTiUii iic.<!nratt.'iy tln^ j^radeH and otlitn- nee .-;- 
 Hai'v inlonnation. vVork (Huvscd nw ihi.s ;snrvey on the tliirty-lirst jf 
 DeonmluM'. Wit' ;':. lid of Vli OWU'ara I then prepared tiu' plan, 
 profiles iind otlici li.i'.a li'tpiisitc foi di-icM'niining tht; bust niodeol sowagi; 
 (li.si>oHid adapttni to die iwi-iis ,)f ihis town. In compliance with a 
 resolution nnnnimously iiilopfed bs the Council on the loth of Fe'oruary, 
 r left hero for New York, to consult an engineer on this iniportiint 
 (inestion. I had previously cttiiespouded with Mr. Rudolph llering 
 and ascti'tained that he was at leisure and willing to act in the mat- 
 ter as <"onsidting eujjineer. Leaving St. .It>hn's on the nineteenth of 
 Kid-.ruavv last Irearhed New York on the twenty-sixth. Owing to 
 Ml . Ilerinu'.s abseme from tin; city I did not see him until the lirst of 
 ^Jirch. Alter tliat dau; I sptmt t!onsid('ral)le tiuie with him, and went 
 thorouglilv into t!i. whole nnittcr of the dis|)osiil of the sewage and 
 the details ot an ctlnii'ut .system of sewerage which it would be neces- 
 sii.r\' ro adopt Mf. ll'iinu,' appi o\ i-s (d' wimt is (lalled the " sepiii'ate 
 system" on the ^iUsrlish or ■ IJ.: wiiii.-..n " principle, which was the 
 one I recommendi'd io you !a:>! lali 'luting the discussion which wiis 
 held o»i thi.-s ujattm' at the ti.iir ■■! i-oiuuK'Ucing the survey. 
 
 As r.hert' apiiears to be an in.. Iicld Uy sonu; of the citizens that 
 i! is unnsuid to consult an I'xpeii on tiius,.' matters, I think it advisable 
 to refer to some rec'iil cxainidc- ' i -how that it is a common cus- 
 tom for a City < 'oinicil to eal! !> . .,1-ulting engineers to deterunne 
 qucrftioiis eoniifcted with ^cwcr-.-r kc. A very recent case is that of 
 Toronto, whure tii.;ri' is a, larg.' .uid af)le staff of engineers connected 
 with the w ate r- work ■; and scwcraut- departments. Yet when the 
 quesri.:);i .J' improving lh.;iv vvaier {^lipiilv and sewerage came up, the 
 
Cifv ('«mii( li ciiilt'tl ill r.vo Aiiii'iic III tMijc';'"*' •• t.. «oiV(» the )»roliW'tn, 
 who weru paiu four tlioiisaii'l doll.ir*' (•nrli iur tiicir h^tviiiis. ()i if 
 tlu'so jrciitUniK'ii WHS Mr. |[;iiii^f. who I \\■\\'^> no Ih^nitiitioii 'm miNlij; 
 Htiinds as one of tin; forfiii hI siiniturx- on'^'iiim-rH of tlii; pri'Hciit (lay. 
 Kiiightoii,.Iiuii I'uja. is unothor city, wln-n' the (jonncil 'Miip'.uyeil t\v'» 
 <!oiis(iltiiisf on;^iiioitrs on \\h> Mi'wcra.!'' i|iii'stioii. iiinl maiiy towiiH oonM 
 be 1 rthtM' ^itrd l)oth in Kiijrland iikI V'tiMicM. which ha v^i* pnrHUod, 
 a simihir course, such as (JnicaLio. I'jiilad 'Ipliia. VV'.iterlxiry, Coventry, 
 Croydon, &c. 
 
 I'Uol'OSKM SVSTIM o^ .tlvVKrtACi.. 
 
 There is no ikm'iI hiTc to eniei into i he oM < onivoversy of *'sepi- 
 rato" versus "oomhined" systems Sutfice it to say that the " sopa- 
 rate" system Inis so iniic^h to (N)iirn'*n I it here hoth on .icct)U)it of h)cal 
 topogiaphieal tV'atures anil on rhf score of ecoiioniy that there can Ik> 
 no hesitation in (h'(;iding to >nl>>|)t it. 
 
 < nT-i'.\i.i,s 
 
 Mr. Ileriug a^rei's with tli. <'inj;iiiinMh.who previou.-siy icported .> 
 this (|iie.stion. in seh-'etini; (yh lin II >ck as a suitable phice where llie 
 out-fall .^evver r.iay discharir'' Tin* hu'i^er portion of the sewage 
 can be dischar<fed l>y i^ravitatioii fn W;ifer Ktreet at its junction uitli 
 Temperance Hill, whence it will Ik- h-d nway by the circular oiU-fall 
 sewer huilt of brick and foi-ry-iwo inches in diameter. The distance 
 from Temperance Hill to CIimiu I'ock is about tlivee thousand feet, 
 while the fjrade will })c one font in thousand. The invert isii.t hij^h 
 water mark at Temperance Ilill. while at Chain Rock it w'll be six 
 inches above low water mark. The cost of this out-fall sewer will he 
 very heavy as the whole of it has to be constructed tlirough svdid 
 rock (part of it in tunnel) I csfimitc the cost of it at not les.? than 
 thirty-six- thousand dollars, i^'Ki.ODO. liut as the i{uantity of ;ewiigi? 
 is such, that it is unlikely to cnuse iniy nuisance if discharged tem- 
 ])orarily at the Railway wbail. as nieutioned iu'lbre, a temporary out- 
 fall may beconstrncied there, which vvould answcu' the requirements lot 
 many years, leavin<jj the (sostly ont-lall sewer to (^hain Rock to be 
 constn.ov.^d at souk; future tine' wlien il is f,)U!id necessary. Another 
 temiiorary ont-fall will l)e nec^^ssaiy at Tt ssier's tjove to discharge the 
 sewage of that portion of the t<»wn wIikjIi lifs too low t<» be drained 
 by the intercepting sewer in Water Stie«^t East, '['his out-fall could 
 be dispensed with in future in' pntiing in a pnuining engine or other 
 lifting apparatus to raise tin- sewai^e to the level of the interce]iti.ug 
 sewer at Queen Street. It will be noticed tliat chemii'iu treatment of 
 sewage is not considered nc''''-s;nv at ;i,ll, and is also very (.»bjection- 
 able on the ground of e-xpen.-i 
 
 AKF, ;."- A.X.. MM -VS. 
 
 The plan now submitted u.> yo\w notice r^hows the various mains, 
 interce[<ting and lateral sew<'i.s vviib t'le sizes and grad«,t-\ 
 
10 
 
 Tlif town iii.iy be tliviiletl iiilo livo iroits [nr si'Wciiii^c pinposcs. 
 
 7s/ Art, I. —T'iie |)oiti()ii of tlic town hoiitidcil hy Wiitor Slroi'l 
 West (111 the 8()iill. by Iliiniiltoii Avuiiiit!, jiiul Xi!w (iowcr Sircct on 
 the North, (^lueii Street on tljo Ka.-t, iind extending West its fur as 
 the city liuiilH. This iirea, us mentioned before, eunnot be (h'ui)ied by 
 grnvitiition to the eastern en(.l of the harbor owing to the eontigiira- 
 tion of the gronnd. Tlie main sewer in this Arra, is a pipe sewer in 
 Water Street West, ol twenty- l"onr inches diumeter at Springdule 
 Street, thence diminishing to I J indies at Patrick's Street, and to \) 
 inches at the junction of the Topsail and May ol IJtdls Kouds. 
 
 l^itd Area. — TU'iti includes the portion ol the town lying north and 
 east, of No. 1, bounded on tlie Nortli by the smnmit of the ridge 
 separating the Harbor and the lliver valley in rear of the town, and 
 on the eii,st by Fresh Water Utjad. I.ong.s Hill, Cathedral Jlill and 
 Markri House Hill Theic are two mains in this a.rea. One in Water 
 Street, an egg-sha|)ed brick sewer varying in size from i'-lO" x 2'-l)" 
 to 'S (I" X o'-U". The othei' is a pipe sewer twelve inches diameter to 
 be liuddown Longs Hill. Ciithedral Hill and Market House Hill to the 
 junction with Water Street. All lateral sewers in this and the (irst 
 urea are liine inch pipes, 
 
 3rd Ana.. This adjoins No. 2, extending from the siuumit of the 
 ridge above mentioned to Water Street, and bounded on the east by 
 the Railway and Temperance Hill. The i)rincipal main in this area 
 IS the egg shaped brick sewer in Water Street, from Market House 
 Hill to Temperance Hill, vaiying from 2' x :V to ^'-4" x o'-O". An- 
 other main is a twelve inch p"ipe u, be laid from PrJscott StreetaU.n-^ 
 Diiekworth Street, and down Gainbier Street to Water St. The third 
 main is a twelve inch pipe in Military Uoad beginning ;it Carew 
 Sreet, thence to Duckworth Street, and along the hitter to Temper- 
 ance Hill. '' '■ 
 
 dti Jm/.— This occupies the northern slope of the ridge l)etween 
 the Harbor and the valley of the river lb. wing into Quidi \'idi Lake 
 extending from (lie City Limits in the West tiMhe Church of hnnlami 
 Cemetery ^jii tli.- Ivist. The main in this area is a twelve inch pi'^.e in 
 Circular lload commencing at .\llandale Road, t hen; <• alonii' the luniier 
 to Rennie's.Mili KN.ad : thence alon;- Uennie's Mill Rond':. sl„...t ,i;._ 
 tance to the Railway 
 is an egg-sha[).'d biit 
 way Track to Temi.erance Hill 
 
 olh ^m^,.— This lies on the Western slope of Si-nal Hill. iiicliidinH- 
 Signal Hill Road. (Juidi Vidi Road, and part of Feivst K.Dad. This 
 area and the balance of the other areas where the laterals are laid will 
 be drained by nine inch pipes. 
 
 leiice along Uennie's .Mill Wa^^wv a sliort (ii«- 
 lack. \\r\\^ it cliaiiues in si/e and sha|)e and 
 '-'ewer I'-S" x 2"-()" following near the Rail- 
 
 IMM'TH AT WHICH SKWKliS Wll.l. |;K I, AMI. 
 
 . lie depth variesowiiig i*» t he lupugraphieal feai iii-es o!' 
 but a.-i a rule the inverts will Ik- laid at a .Ir 
 
 T!, 
 
 rpl 
 
 1 III iillie lee 
 
 grninid, 
 
 lilU |||,< 
 
11 
 
 will 
 
 ■j 
 
 fiiirfiicp of tlio .ttifcts. H) ns to iri vc ji good grado to the lioij.so-tlrains 
 ami drain tlio deepest cellars. This however eaiinot be done in Water 
 Street in those i)laces where the elevation of the street is so sli«rht 
 uhove sea-level. On the other hand in the eastern portion of Water 
 Street tlie dei)tli will he considerable, varying from twenty to twenty- 
 eight feet. If roek occurs at snch depths tnnnolling will probably be 
 cheai)er than open trenches. 
 
 ALIGNMKNT. 
 
 The brick sewers. where large enough to be entered, may becurvad 
 round the sti-eet corners or bends, but the smaller brick and the pipe 
 sewers will be laid in perfectly straight lines from man-hole to man- 
 hole. All vertical or horizontal changes of direction in the sewers 
 will be made in the man-holes. Junctions of two or more sewers will 
 also be made in the man-holes with a curved groove in the Hoor to 
 facilitate the flow. Junction Blocks will be inserted in the brick 
 sewers and pipe j'lnctions in the pipe sewers for each house, so that no 
 troid)le will arise in future when it is necessary to connect a house- 
 drain with a public sewer. 
 
 SIZE. 
 
 The question of the size of the sewers is an important element 
 in the cost of a sewerage systeu). ]5y reducing the size of the sewers 
 it naturally follows that there is a reduction in cost. The minimum 
 size of sewers has often been discussed, but it is out of the question 
 to reproduce the arguments pro. and con, in this report. I shall simp- 
 ly and briefly show the actual results of experience with pipe sewers 
 in other cities. Mr. llering holds the opinion ot niost engineers of the 
 present day, namely, that no pipe sewer in a street should have a less 
 diameter than eight inches. While it is true that many of our streets 
 could be drained by pipes of six inches diameter, as far as house-drain- 
 age alone is concerned, yet this size has not been found to work satis- 
 factorily in the ex|)erience of other cities. Here 1 may mention that 
 there is a certain variety of the '' separate" system, known in Ameri- 
 ca as the •' Waring" from the name of the engineer. Col. (Jleo. E. 
 Waring who took out patents for it. 1'lie features oj' this system 
 are, small ])ipe sewers, omission or scarcity of manholes, shallow 
 depths I'or tin? sewers, and the total exclusion of the rainfall. The 
 experience of M.tuphis, Tenn., whert' this system was adoptt'd nine 
 years !'go, proves that it is open tt» veiy grave objections. Kroui the 
 report oi" the engineer in charge of the sewers there it appears that 
 there were '1'1\) stojipages in two years, costing for removal $2,-jOI).()(J, 
 all of the sto])])ages but two occurring in the six inch pipes. Owing 
 to the very sliallow depth at whi(!h the street smvei's were laid the 
 bouse-diaiiis ha\'e not sufficient grade to keep clean and fidly 2,01)1) 
 stopjhiLic:-- look plat-e in tlidii ill unc Vi-.ir. I'^ortv-Cdiir manholes Itavi- 
 
 iiad 1(1 lie ('(instrucli'd as they we a roiiiKl i ndispeiisal)le owing to tin. 
 
12 
 
 frp(|HPnf necessity for fXiiininiiig iiud cleiiiiiiig tliu pipe Hcwcr.s. I 
 quote the following from this report : 
 
 " The general o^lis^5i(;n of inunholes in the original system was a 
 mis ake which we are now correcting. Time has fully " s'.iowii that 
 direct means of access to the sewers, l)oth uiain and lateral, are reipii- 
 sites; aud such means are ouly supplied by uiauholes. It is suggest- 
 ed that these be built at every intersection throughout the older svs- 
 teni as rapidly as ])ossible, aud be so foruied that they l)ecome no 
 obstacle to the flow. lu (Extension of our system we shall rid our- 
 selves of another defect, tlmt lying in changes of gradient ami align- 
 ment, by uiakiug all chauges of directiou at manholes, connecting 
 then) only hy liues that shall be straight and smooth * * * If 
 we have beeu taught aiiytliiug by our experieuce it is the fact that 
 mere liues of pipiug do not coustitute a systeui of sewerage." This 
 is the earnest huiguage of an eugiiu'er (Mr. [J. F. Flartfird) who has 
 had charge ol the sewers of Meuiphis for souu' considerable tiuie. 
 
 The following is tptoted from Sir Robert Ritwlinsou's criticisui on 
 the rei)ort by Col. (ieo. E. Waring, Jr.. ou the proposed system of 
 sewerage for Kingston, -Jamaica. l)oth gentleuieu being cousidted bv 
 the authority of the Maxor and CouuciTof thiit City. It will be see'n 
 that Sir Robert Hawlinson. the foremost authority in England, con- 
 demns ill tnto the system of Waring in any jioiuts where it dill'ers from 
 the best usual English and American practice. 
 
 " In the city of Mem[)his (Jol Waring for f/ic sake of cronom// took 
 a bold step in attempting to reduce the cost of main sewering to a 
 minimum, and I honor him for the attempt, but I do not a[)prove of 
 his practice for several reasons. 
 
 Because he adopted a diameter too sumll for street sewers, which 
 1 consider should never be less than nine inches, in place of six. 
 
 Because he dispensed with man-holes and lamp-holes as used in 
 England as bein.g unnecessary, and for Memphis, too costly. 
 
 1 d() not approve of limiting tributary (or house) diaius to four 
 iuclies diiuneter. 
 
 I object altogether to the shutting out of roof water and smiace 
 water from the precincts of houses, both of which 1 woultl take in. 
 
 I consider that his sewers would be under-ventilated if the main 
 sewers are without ni; '-holes and lamp-holes * * « * 
 
 "And here 1 may again state that I would not go below nine 
 iuches in diameter with side-branches to iiousos of six inches di;imeter 
 and house junctions of four inches. All the sewers to be right lines 
 .•ind to havi' true gradients with m,ui-holes and lauip-holes iilternatfdy. 
 each having a movable cover to suit the road aud street pavement."' 
 
13 
 
 I ((iiotc tlioMH.! to sliow'liow Vii I (III l)l(! it is to liavir tilt! ht'iic'lit of 
 till! cxporicMice of otliri' cities in srwcriii^e matters as aiiv decMsitui 
 V(»!i(;lie(l is so tlioroii^lily borne ont l)y tacts. In connection with 
 Mempliis I may .sity tliat I IdmI a letter from Mr. Hartford in wirc'i lie 
 states tliat it has become nuciwsary to tal\(> np portions of the six: incjli 
 pipes and re-place tliem with larger. 
 
 The town of (Iroydon, in lOngland, had amore nnfortunate experi- 
 ence in the matter of small pipe sewers than even that of .Memphis, 
 which is fidly described in Baldwin Latham's Book on Sanitary Kngi- 
 necring. 
 
 CATCU liASIXK on STHK1':T GULLIKS. 
 
 These should be i)nilt at street intersections to catch the rainwater 
 Mowing down the surfa« drains and lead it into the undergroinid 
 channels provided for it. Many of the old sewers, if properly repair- 
 ed or reconstructed, will answer for the conveyance ot this s'lrfaee 
 water, though not at all adapted for sewage. It cannot be too clearly 
 remembered that the street gullies are very necessary to catch the 
 solid materials, road detritus, t&c., washed d(»wn in rainfalls, li is the 
 wr.!it of these which has led and is still leading to so many serious 
 stoppages in the old sewers and to their being in such a filthy con- 
 dition. These catch-basins should he built of brick of such sizes as 
 are necessary according to locality. If of brick they will (Mist about 
 %'M) each, but if .some of Doulton's earthenware street gullies were im- 
 ported they would only <H)st about $1S. The latter, however, are too 
 small to be placetl anywhere but on fiat grades. It is prol)able, con- 
 crete gullies could be l)uilt chea[)er than brick. 
 
 LOCATION' snn'KV. 
 
 A location survey is now needed to li.x exactly the position of 
 each sewer that may be reciuired to l)e built, to show its uriul's, the 
 depth of cut, number of manholes and the design ibr each, ascertain 
 the miture of soil and all other infoi'mation necessary for construction 
 in order to carry it out siic(!essfully. Ileference marks will need to 
 be put in and phudcs or other means of fixing centres and grades. 
 Such survey is absolut(dv essential befort^ anything can be done in 
 the way of (Construction, and I would advise that a number of the 
 sewers be first located Ix^lore l)(\Liinnii!g any building so as to giv(i 
 time for prop(U' inspection and superintendance when actual work is 
 coiiuiKMKx'd, as it will l)e dillicult to afTord time for survey work a,fl(>r 
 that. 
 
 COXSTIU'CTloN'. 
 
 To make a sewerage system suc(X^ssful it is absolutelv necessary 
 tliiit none but the best materials should be used. As a. large projxn'- 
 tion of the materials will h;iye to be imported, it follows th.at the 
 freight and expenses of liandling i'. the case of inferior articles is 
 
II 
 
 .list 11.0 sum. as „, U.o onso oni,,. |„.st. < s(.q,„.Mfly „.> ocnomv 
 
 vvha ovev.Hohtn.ne, l>y importing Ih. Iu.-umm-. IMuMvf ,ve „m r t 
 the beHt hnr.l-hnn,o,I and rogi.larly shaped hriHc shonl.l he^.s" wl h 
 ho cement shonhl he the best Portland' to n.ake a strH^lZ^^ 
 hie of setting hard to withstan.l the erosion caused In^o a n n 
 n.ng water Invert blocks of stoneware are very nnu-h t T e( m 
 mended. They are hard and smooth, wear well.an.l ,' ve a fre^ 
 easy flow tor he water, as the number of joints is so bu-.'lv el u -e 
 rhey also tac.htate construction and there'by ccononuze time esS: 
 ly 111 wet ground. "•"<^, e.'^lRt i,u- 
 
 TI.e |)ipes should be the best vitrified sewer pipes and vvMI be 
 .lomted with Casket and Portland cement. 
 
 The trenches in the case of earth excavation should not be onene.l 
 mcngths exceeding two hundred feet. In rock-work not less' Un 
 hlty feet shouhl be opened at a time. Open trenches will be un.K a 
 a n. e except in case of a deep rock cut where tunnelling, ...r,;^ 
 c eaper. lliese trenches will be timbered and shored o prevent 
 
 may "gi^.!"' '""" ^'" ^^""''^'^' ''•^'^ -''-'' ''-^ -><i ^-de 
 
 strnc!ionr\T/'' ''''^' ^^' T''"''' f^'"''^^"f?''lv ^'^an and to rcniov. ob- 
 strnctions it is necessary to provide means of tlushin- them Tbi. 
 
 ^ted^vX:''?^'"'/" "^"T* ^'y^- ^•— tainman-ho^ca, : 
 fitted with a stop-valve on the outlet and a tap to draw water from 
 so as tr, nearly fill ,hem with water. On suddenly ope in . tl le o 
 e t le water rushes away ami scours the sewer b<^<^" e 7n i^ e" 
 At dead emls automatic flush tanks such as Field's, Mif<- leir , 
 lu sewa er s can be used with good eHhct. hi Water S ree tl e '.ue 
 •in be f ushed with water drawn from streams such as Mond- ' ,' i 
 
 ( ' •; i h^r II n "' "'"I" 1^^'"-^''"''^^ ^*> '•""> M'^^ ^vater ba.k t 
 
 ^^ - ' '^^ On raising the p.n-sto.k the pent up water rushes 
 
 "'tough, cleaning the sower above ami brlow th.- p.M.-.tock 
 
 KSTIMATK or COST 
 
 Tl 
 
 .Iil>.-K K. arrs,. wl,,,'.!, „wv r. ,,. ,„■ onlian.-e t .„st .i,l, .'u u 
 
 :;:'";""■'■"' "'"-'■'"'■^ •■ ' '■.■f.intv as .„ how ,. ,• .1 : ;. V ,i, 
 
i; 
 
 V(> oh- 
 This 
 iJiii be 
 • tVom 
 e oiit- 
 -luilo. 
 s. or 
 
 I'oiitl 
 Top. 
 
 The fol lowing j^'iccs ;irc Iciscd on hids lor iichiiil woik done in 
 sonic Americim cities with some iiilow;nie(! for locjij ('ontlitions luid are 
 fiiven per rnnning loot : 
 
 T^.W) lint'iil ft, of pxciiviitioit nihl Ipiick-lilliii--. iii .in (ciils per linnil foot . . .t:!n.")0 
 ■J'""*' ■' " ■■ ■■ " ill *I.(H> |.(i' liru';iM(p(it ^'^.4(10 
 
 ■-•""' ■■ " ■■ " •• ,it *").<iip ■• •• 10 ,")()(» 
 
 (iti.diMi Mii.'mI fi'ct uf !Hii. |ii|»" rniiiislichiiMl 1,'iiil. Mt :!ii(is is'ooo 
 
 ^••■''" •■ •• 1- ill ■• ■• ;il (iiicl- '"." :t\i-> 
 
 '•'""• ■• ■• II i'l " ■• •■ ill Sucls s'lHIO 
 
 ^'•" '■ ■• l''^ III •• •• '• ill!«l.:!ncls I m-i 
 
 "'•• " ■■ -I III •• ■• ■• ill 1*1. rods 1 OS!) 
 
 -■'""• •■ •• -I ill •■ •■ " ill i?;:.>.o() .j.ooi) 
 
 r.lilf'K SKWKIS. 
 
 JOO lini'iil fci't. I'-lo" \ ■>■-!(". Ml *;'..o<) |iiT liiicMl I'lM't o 100 
 
 l.HII) •■ •• >''-<••■ X :!'-()•■. at .*:i.'.'u •• ■• V is,) 
 
 l.x'io •• •■ -r- '.'•• X :!•-:!■■. ill *:i..-,,, ■• •• (j";.,,!, 
 
 I.">i«i •• •• •.'■--(■■ X ;!"-li". at .■*;!. 7(1 •• •• ,-,',",(, 
 
 i.i'iii •■ •■ r- s- X •.'•-(!". at .*■,'.. s. •• •• ;; .■''.;,■.■,■.■.■ n;.(,so 
 
 '.'."lO Maii-liolfs. at *(i(i.(M) each M 000 
 
 ."lO riiisli 'I'anks. at A-'in.oo cacli "J ."lOO 
 
 10 ( »\fr-lliiws Mini •.' 'r('iii|ic)iin-v ( )iii-riill> 7.000 
 
 IiH|)rii\eiiiciit of (lid scwcf.s. ciilvci'ls. iVc 40 ()()(> 
 
 Sii|ii'rinlfii(liiiic('. stoi'il^i'. itc :i."i!'>00 
 
 I )iit-liill scwfi- to ( 'liiiin li'oik .!(l'oO(t 
 
 !j;i7,Ms:j 
 SKWKK VF.XTIT.ATrox. 
 
 Many devices hnva hoon invented for seeiirinu: sewiM- ventilutinn, 
 but the simple system of ventiliiting through the perforated covers of 
 the manholes is found in practice to he the most e(!e(!tive, and if the 
 sewers are efficiently flushed need never cniise any ollence. Manholes 
 will f)e hnilt at every change of alignment and" grade and at every 
 street inter-section. This will give a siiHiciont niiinl)er to thoroughly 
 ventilate the sewers. The ventilation of sewtM-s is a. very importaiifc 
 point in a system, and every cure should l)e taken to have it as nearly 
 perfect as possil)le. The hest authorities agree that it is not desirable 
 to ventilate sewers through honsc-(lr;iin.s, lnU that a di.sconnticting trap 
 should be placed on the honse-drain l)etween the siMver and the house- 
 wall. Any exceptions to this rule should oidy lie mado under th<i 
 most favourable conditions and where the m!it(!ri;ds and workmanship 
 of the public sewer and house-drain are of the most [lerfcct kind and 
 tlie whole system subject to constant inspiM'tioii 
 
 ('(iXTIiACT-^. 
 
 T am fully convinced that the work can be most .sntisfactorilv and 
 cheaply i'ai'ried out on the contntel systiun. Th<; Council however 
 should purchase and sup|)ly mII materials su<-h iis, Itriek, Portland 
 <'ement, sand, sewer pipes, gasket, mnu-liole (iovers. ;iiid so lorlh, while 
 tin; labor of excavation and hack-lilliiig. hiying brickwork in sew(>rs 
 and man-holes, timl)ering trenches and all other Incidental lal)or with 
 the eyception of laying and jointing the pipe-sewers should \h\ put 
 out to contract. The latter wcu'kof laying and jointing pipes, [ would 
 
Hi 
 
 rv.'fer to have ,|,,nr Kv men cn-a-r.l csiuTia II v H.r tl,.. iMirp.w in,,!,.,- 
 
 • ""Vn"' "',''r' ■, ''''"■ •^f'-'-i '■"■■•" i""^ •^l'«"iM' l.<- .•M.vrullv ,h,Hvn ..„ 
 
 nml the avI.oIo work s,il,,,,.t (..li-i,! ii.s|,..,.ti„n .ind upproval l)v tin' 
 '^ity hnnino.Tor |„. I),>,,„tv hclun- 1,..!,,- Mm-i.t,.,! I,\ th.- Council 
 l.MHlerscoul,! h.- .•i.lv,.rtis,Mi lur in I,,..,,! a,..! lonM-n naiuTs so as to 
 wciire i^ood ('oiii]H"titioii in the hids, 
 
 TKSTINC CKMI-XT. 
 
 The 0(>nu'iit slioi.l.l he caivtullv ti'stcl for tcnsil.. stivn.-tli (ine- 
 ness sottino-, wei-ht. expausi-.n or ..ontnirtion. All th.'se pointM 
 wonl( hcdc.sijvnate.i ,n the sprcilication. and the .vnuM.t sho.dd eomo 
 up iMlIv t.) the standard therein nM,nired. A eareinl record of the 
 rc.nent tests shonhl he kept, an,! no.( less than one harrelin Hvesho.dd 
 he selected lor testm.u' helore usini;- 
 
 IXSI'KCTIoN. 
 
 An oxporioneed mason ..r l.rickiaver will he needed on the work 
 
 the.r delivery, reeord house eonneet.ons. se.,' that th.; masons kept 
 jM-oper line and ,rade. and otherwise supervise tin. work to prev m 
 Irand heing practised, or had workmanship in tlx' c.mstructi(m. 
 
 SToliACK. 
 
 Tt will he necessary that th.' Connril should have a store in which 
 n,a erials and snpplu-s could he kepi. and a ynr.l or shed to «tow hricks 
 and pipes .Such s.ore should he on a prcm.ises where there is a w h a f 
 so that materials could he stored as soon as lan.le.i and only remove 
 when needed ,n actual work, thus saving- n, cost oC transportation 
 
 WATKIi sn-n.V AM) UorSK DKAINACK. 
 
 Tn cm.clnsion. let me ur-e upon the Council and the rate-pavers 
 genern ly, that the sn.^cess of a sewera^,- systen. depends very llrire K^ 
 pon the condition ol the houses, the a.m)unt of water suppli,:^! to 
 them and the quality ot the phunhin,. I, .-annot he too clear v ke 
 in view that the most skillully designed and huilt system of sewe'.lv 
 tails ,n Its ohjectand .s powerless against disease'if filth and ovei. 
 crowding or plumhing ,lelective in n.aterials and workmanship -.re 
 prevalent m a c.tv. That these conditions prevail largely i' ti 
 town .n many localn.esjs well known to everv one who L'-n J ^n 
 the matter the shghtest thon.uht. I would therefore advise in t^^ tr ' 
 that as soon as a sewer ,s huilt in a street and house connections read v' 
 a serv,ce-p,pe shouhl he hud on to every house in that street not alreadv' 
 snppl-1 with w.ter and an ellicient s^ sten, of plumhin.^ todispose of 
 lu.use wastes slH.nld also he connected prop,.rlv with the sewer. I "water 
 oonh not he conveniently laid on to a Inmse, a trapped yard gnley 
 should he placed in the hack-yard where house slops might he emmied 
 the g.dley hein- properly connected with the street sower I Mn, 
 «ware that there will necessarily he son.e trouhle in extendi.,- ij 
 
 
 i 
 
•SI' iiiidtT 
 Irnwii lip, 
 1 1 by tlio 
 
 <'(iiiiicil. 
 
 so JIS tu 
 
 J,tli, (liie- 
 I* |)()iiitH 
 iild (Munc 
 <l of the 
 'e hIioiiM 
 
 lio woik 
 Ls. clitH'k 
 >ns kopt 
 l)rt'V(Mit 
 
 II wliich 
 w bricks 
 awhiirf 
 einoved 
 tioii. 
 
 '-piiyerw 
 
 largely 
 
 plied to 
 
 ly kept 
 
 weraui! 
 
 d over- 
 
 bip !i,re 
 
 ill this 
 
 >» givoii 
 
 t'litiiro 
 
 ready, 
 
 d ready 
 
 jxjse of 
 
 r water 
 
 gidley 
 
 nptied, 
 
 ! am 
 
 iiy tlie 
 
 17 
 
 w.itcr supply owiiin- tn llu- inrnc wnste oC wiittM' now iioini: on iiiiclieck- 
 ed, hut I am sure Mr. MiP'tiii eaii i'lilly ndviseyou on this matter and 
 devise means for rediiciiiir ibis to a urmiiiiniii. A capable ])luml>in,u,' 
 Iiispe(;tor should be appointed to superintend the house drainajre and 
 )duml)in,i>' both for sewerane juid wuter supply. The present condition 
 of the plumbing in many bouses is such thai 1 wmild ad\-ise that this 
 inspectoi- shonhj mtke a tboroiigb examination of the various fixtures 
 throughout the town. re|)ort on the same and point out the alterations 
 or substitutions which are neces.sary to place these fixtures and th i 
 plumbing generally in a safe sanitary state. This would ])lace these 
 houses ont of (hinger as far as (•omuMiion with the (;ld sewers is con- 
 cerned. It is clear that the old .sewers will have to be used in inauv 
 places till replaced by newer and more I'llicient ones. New houses, of 
 (!ourse. should be served with water and sewerage connections in con- 
 formity with the new regulations which i now ])i'opose sliould be en- 
 forced to control plumbing and house drainage in the future. The 
 insi)ector wouhl i.sstie the permits for making connections with sewers 
 and inspect all the work before it was covered in, making such tests 
 as he deemed necessary. These rules are substantially the same as 
 tliose ado])ted in all American cities where there i.s a IJoard of Health 
 whose duty it is to regulate honse-draiiiagi! and plumbing, l^'orms of 
 application and permits siioiild be drawn up and printed ready for the 
 use of the Inspector and the boiistdi jlders. I*iuml)ers should be 
 licensed and give bonds to perform fiithful work in accordance with 
 the said regulations. Said license and bond to be filled in according 
 to printed fcn-ms provided to aeeompany these legulations. 1 will 
 further say that in a work of this kind it must naturally be ex|)ected 
 that many unforeseen dilHculties will arise causing trouble, delay and 
 expense. JJut the urgency of the needed reform in the sewerage of 
 the town will justify every elfortput forward to im[)rove its sanitary 
 condition. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 CllAHLRS .1. HARVEY. 
 
IS 
 
 OUDINXNCK KOi; I'hlM III NC AND IIOl'SK DWAIN ACK HKnU- 
 LATIONS FOi; TIIK (MTY OF ST. .l()lIN>i. 
 
 -;<>■. 
 
 l_Kvcrv iHTsoii (Mi2i.','."(l ill the l)ii/iiK's.H(.r a muster :iih1 lorc- 
 i.mn plmnlKM-'in tlu" .'ilv of St. .I..l.irs shall apin-ar m i.erson at the 
 office of The M.ii.i.i|.:.l Council and iv-ister his name, resHlunce, and 
 place of hnsi.R.ss. ini.l in .'Mse ..f rei.iuval to make change m saul 
 register accordingly. 
 
 '> -Hefore anv portion of the plmnhing and drainage system u( 
 nnvhnildinu-.shairhe constructed there shall he tiled m the olhce ot 
 the MunicipaKVuncil a plan thereof, signel hy the owner, showing 
 the said plnml.in--- and drainage system entire, from its connection 
 with the sewer, cesspool or vault throughout the entire huildmg, to- 
 octher with the location of all lixture.s. traps, ventilating pipes .^cc 
 Said plan mu.st he approved and the name of the plumber attached 
 thereto before anv p..ition ol the work shall be executed. IJeloreany 
 chan«^esare made" in the direction of pipes or locatum ot i.xtures tuey 
 imist^first be approved, and said changes ma.le on the original plan, on 
 file This regulation also applies to any extension or alterations o 
 existing systems, with tlie addition that in such cases a plan of the old 
 system as well as a plan ..f the proi^sed changes, must he hied in he 
 office of the Municipal Council. Drawings and descriptions ot tlie 
 idumbing and drainaue of buildings erected prior to the passage ot this 
 regulation may be phice<l on lile in the office of the Municipal Council. 
 •] -Wheii the i)lan of anv plumbing and drainage system is tiled 
 in the office of the .Municipal Council, a fee of Two D.Uars will be 
 char-vd to defray the expnises of iusi.ecting the phuis, ot hliiig and 
 superintending tln^ testing of tlie work as pn.vided m Section 41). 
 
 4— The riuinbiie. Inspector sh.dl he notified promptly by the 
 plumber when the plViml.ing and drainage work of any building, or 
 unv portion tlierof. is complete.l and ready for inspection and testing. 
 All inspections and testings shall be made as soon as possible after 
 «iich notification. Anv su.4. system put in and <-overed without due 
 notice to the IMumhing lnsp.'ct..r must be uiic..vered lor exaininalioii 
 at the direction of said IMuinbing Inspector. 
 
 ■ ■'•'■' 5— No buildiip. or premises will be allowed to be connected with 
 any sewer, cesspool or vault without a i.ermit first obtained Irom the 
 Town Engineer.yand it is further re-iuired that permits shal be kept 
 on hand ilurinu' the p.ogressof the work to which they relate, and 
 that they shall l)e exhibited whenever re^piiied ny ilie proper au- 
 thorities. 
 
 I 
 
HKr.r- 
 
 lihI I'orc- 
 
 )ii at tlie 
 
 lice, ami 
 
 ill said 
 
 lystcMii of 
 ollioo of 
 show i 111!; 
 )niioction 
 Idiiig, to- 
 pi pes, &c. 
 attached 
 ;elbre any 
 lives they 
 1 phiii, on 
 rations of 
 of the ohl 
 led in the 
 MS of the 
 igeof this 
 1 (Jonncih 
 
 in is tiled 
 s will be 
 liliii^ and 
 )n 4U. 
 
 y by the 
 lildiiig, or 
 id testing, 
 si.lde after 
 ithout due 
 amiiialitni 
 
 ected with 
 I from the 
 nil be kept 
 relate, and 
 proper an- 
 
 # 
 
 t 
 
 19 
 
 The conditions of this permit nnisf he strictly cmnplb'd wiili. 
 'I'his ivgiihi'ion iipplics to all sc\v<'is, wlietlier on private propertv 
 or ill piibru! streets or alleys. Hetbre laving the drain from ilie build- 
 ing to the sewer, cesspool or vault, and after the trench is Lmuled. tin? 
 bottom of the tnmch must be carefiillv rammed to avoid iine(|mil 
 .settling ot the drain. After the pipe is laid, as the trench is tilled 
 the earth nnist In; tigiitly rammed as near as [HLssible to its original 
 compactness. Tunnelling is prohibited. 
 
 ("..—When the ground is made or filled in, the drain extendin-- 
 from the sewer, cesspool or vault to the foundntion wall, must be (i7 
 extra heavy cast iron pipes, of such diameter as mav be approved. 
 Siiclijnpes should be laid witli the joints properly caulked with lead. 
 
 7.— -When the .soil (jonsists of a nntnral bed of loam, sand or rock, 
 xhi) drain may be *f hard salt glazed and cylindrical,!) inch earthen- 
 ware pipe, laid on a smooth bottom, free from all projections of ro(>k. 
 Each .section must be whetted before applying the cement, and the 
 space between each hub and the small end of the next, section must be 
 completely and imilbrmly filled with the best hydraulic cement. (Ian; 
 nnist be taken to prevent any ceiiUMit being forced into the drain to 
 become an olistriictioii. No tempered np cement shall be n.sed. A 
 straight edge must be iis(-d in.^ide the pipe, and the difTerent sections 
 mii.st be laid in perl'<-ct line on the bottom and sides. The joint must 
 lift first made by caulking with gasket. 
 
 >;.— When a buildinu' is to be connected with the .«<ewer, cesspool 
 or vault, it must be connected by a drain not less than six inches in 
 diameter, having a fall not less tiiaii [ inch to the foot. Old drains 
 can he used for new houses only when found by an inspector of tin; 
 Mmiicii)a.l (/oiincil to coiil()riii in all ■■espects to the foregoinn' regula- 
 tions governing new drains. 
 
 '.).— When there is no sewer in the street on which a l)uilding 
 faces, and it is necessai}- to construct a i)rivate sewer to connect witJi 
 a sewer on an adjacent street or av. niie it must be laid outside of the 
 curl) under the roadway of the street, and not through vards or under 
 houses, without a special permit Irom tlu' Town Kiigineer. 
 
 10. — Pipe sewers iiiiist not be cut, boii.se drain connections with pipe 
 sewers must In; made with V braficlies. Where connection is ma(l«' 
 with brick sewers, a tei-ra-cotta junction Idoek must be used. 
 
 11. — All horizontal drains within and to a distance of six feet 
 jx-yond the walls of bnildings shall be of cast iron, with caulked leaden 
 joints, or wrought iron screwed j<mits, and shall be so located as to be 
 readily accessible lor iiis[)ection. The house-drain within buildings 
 shall be s"- irely hung on the cellar-w.ll or properly su.spended from 
 the celhi! 'iiig. unless this is impracticable, in whicli ea.-e it must be 
 laid in a ;reiicli, cut at a iinitbrm grade, the bottom of which must be 
 covered with hydraulic concn'te, and wa,lled up on the sides with 
 brick, laid in hydraulic (vmeiit; said trench must also be provided 
 with moveiible covers. 'IMie house drain shall have a fall of at least [ 
 
•_'0 
 
 <»l iM. iml, tu the r.M.t, iu„l nmiv if pussihl... VM,..,. m piu,, pMss.-s 
 iilKli'l-tlio wall<,r,i l,i,il,lin- thoiv sliMll Ik- ;,, ivl|..vi„,.. ,„vl, tu piv- 
 voMt tlH'pip,. |„.,„.ri„-„k.,n l.yHc' ::ifrorth.'r..ii„,|,.,tinM. Sni.l .In.in.s 
 s lull Ik" pn,vi<l<.,l with opcnin-H (or ch-iuun- piiip,,s..s. the ,si,,n.. to ho 
 <-lo.so(l hy sm-w phi-H. Any .U'vintion r..>:,i this .Imus- nii. oiilv ho 
 iiindo hy .spceml jMMiiiit. 
 
 rj.— A niimiiii,^ or oik- h.-ilfS tnip must he phuvd „i, the hoiiso 
 •I'Miii at ail accessihh' |.oi„t near th.; house wall. 'I'his tr.ip must l»« 
 l"niishe<l with a hand h.de lor coiiveiiieiM-e in eU-ansin-, the n.v.M- of 
 wliic I must he properly (Itt.'d, and made -as and air ti-ht, with some 
 siiitaldi' cement, pKipciJy iipplied. 
 
 .1 ^5~f'^^'V''">' '"•'•"''' '''''■'•" '^''"" ^'1^''' '1" '"1^'t Tor fresh air, n<.t less 
 han (our inches di.un.'ter, enterin- ..n the house side of the trai. iind 
 leaUiiig to the outer i.ir, openin^r .,t some place sh-n-ii on th.e approved 
 l)l;uis, not less thm. K) feel from tlie nearest window. No cold air 
 Im'X lor a iirnaee shall he place,! ..„ that it can hy aiiv possihilit\ draw 
 :iir lidin this inlet jiipe. ■ ■ i 
 
 1I.--A11 ciist or wron-ht ir,m pipes must he sound, iV.v (Von 
 holes, and when hud under -rouml .h,dl hnv,. a uniform thickness ..f 
 <'••'• (juarterot an inch. When the huildinu is over sixtv feet hh-h 
 
 alu.ye tlM> curl, pipes of the foUowiii- weights sh.-ill I s.'-d. with e'v- 
 
 tr.i lieavy Httiims : — 
 
 His. per lineal foot. 
 
 2 iur]\. 
 
 
 
 ];] 
 
 17 
 20 
 
 
 a 
 
 u 
 a 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 1-.'.— All dram, soil, waste, vent and sujiply pipes shall he as 
 <liroct and concentrated as possihle, protect<'d from frost andivialilv 
 accessil. e (or ins|)ection and convenience in repiiirinir. WIkmi neces- 
 ■s-uily phiced within partitions or in recesses in walls, soil and wnste 
 pipes must never he .covered except with woodwork, to he s.. fislene.l 
 Willi screws (never nails) as to he readily re!,„,ved. 
 
 l(l.-Kveiy vertical seal and main waste pip.-, must 1... ,,r,..,si ,,r 
 wr(,.i-ht iron, and when it receiv.-s tlie discha.-v of (ixturesoii two or 
 •"">••' ll"..rs It must ext.Mid at le;.st two fc't nhove tj.e hi-hest part of 
 tlieroo( orcopin-. e.x..epl in the case of Ihit loof lenem.^nl houses in 
 Winch .as,. .1 ,-h..dl extend nt least six feet ahov,- M.e rour. and s:,i,l 
 pil)e shall la e a diameter ahove the roof at, least one inch ..re-Uer 
 tlian that ol the pipe propm', hut in no case shall it he h'ss than lour 
 iiu'lies III <liameter ahove tl.o roof No cap or cowl shall he allixed 
 to the top o( such ventilation pipe, hut in tenement houses a stnm-- 
 wire haskct shall ho provided and securely fastened thereto Each 
 length s in I !«. securely fastened, and in the case of each line of soil 
 pilje It shall rest at its foot on a pier or foundation to i)revent seltliii<'' 
 All joints in cast iron drains, soil or wast.^ pipes must h.! so (ill,, 1 with 
 oakum and lead and hand caulked as to make them gas ti-ht and the 
 
21 
 
 nmoiii.t of ]vm\ use) sIimH uo\ h,- l,..ss lliaii 12 ounces to each inch 
 Uiainclt'r ol tlit> jiijic mo cniiiifcd'd. 
 
 17. — lluii/uiiiiil snil ;mi(I Wiislu pipfs lire proliiliilfd. 
 ^ 18.— Thore .sli.ill he no lriip.s placed on vertical .soil and ^va^^te- 
 
 pl|>C'8. ^ 
 
 in - All cl.an-cH in diieclion in east or wron,M|it non pipes mIii,1I 
 he mad- wiih .-nrved pip.-s and all eonnec(i„n,s with V hranchcH and 
 OIK! .sixU'ciilh or one (ijnhtli licnds if po,s.sil)le. 
 
 *Jn^^ Soil waste and vent pipes in mi extension nnist he extended 
 iiljovr the rnol ..! ihe main hiiilding when otherwise they would o.x-n 
 within (iltreii leel ufthe windows ofthe main house, or the adjoining 
 
 lion 
 
 lil.— The least diameter of soil pipe permitted is funr inches \ 
 vertical v.i.ste pip., into whieh a line of kit.nen sinks di.sehar-es iiuist 
 he at least three iiiclies in diameter, if recei viii;,' the vviiste of live or 
 more Miiks, and shall have two inch hraiiclies. 
 
 lili.— Where I. 'ad pipe is used to connect lixtiires with vertical 
 soil or waste pipt-s, „r to connect traps with vertical vent i)ii.es it must 
 not he lighter than the followlii<r weights: — 
 
 I inch in diaiiKiter pounds per yard. 
 
 u 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 ■J 
 
 
 Ol 
 
 
 "i 
 
 
 Ft 
 
 
 i> 
 
 
 ■\ 
 
 
 
 f— 
 
 / 
 
 U 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 10.'. 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 i;;l 
 
 ik 
 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 4, 
 
 
 
 Air-pipes mav' he ol' standard wroiijrht iron with steam liuinus 
 Sheet metal will not htr allowed. ^ " 
 
 2:5.— All coiiiicctions ol" h-iid with iron pipes must hu made with 
 a hrass sleeve or fernile of the .saiih' size as the lead pipe, put in lle- 
 hnh of the hraiich ol" the iron pi[>e and caulked with lead.' The lead 
 l>ipe must he attached to the lerruje h_v a wiped or over-cast joint 
 All coimeelions of lead, waste and vent pipes shall he made hy I'ucanii 
 ol wiped joints. 
 
 24.— Kvery water closest, urinal, sink, hasiii. wash trav, hath and 
 every tuhor .set of tuh.s. must he .s.'paratelv and eU'ectively trapped 
 except wh ec a >iiik and wash tnh i iimcdiatelv adjoin each other iii 
 which case the waste pipe is not recpiired to he .separatelv trapped 
 llnnal platlorms if coniie<-ted to dram pipe, iiuist also he property 
 lrap])ed, and a supply of wafer s(, arran-'ed as to alwavs maintain thV 
 seal of said traps. In no case shall the waste from "a hath, tnh, or 
 olher (ixtiire he cniinccted with a water closet trap. 
 
 L!-). Traps iniisi he placed as near the Hxtiirc^s as practicahle, and 
 111 no case shall a trap he more than two feet from tiie lixtiire. Kaeli 
 aiid every tr:ii- -lia!! !h' ventilated cilher hv a .special vent pi-, e of 
 smtahle si/.e exteixliii- ai leas! two feel aiu.ve the hi-hesl part of the 
 
22 
 
 nuiritf llu" lioii.sf (tji iiilo ii ^iiociiil pipi' I'Hii'ti'd lot' vciililiiliii;-' |>iir- 
 |M»Hi!H (III) V. in wliicli riiSL' the aifji ol llif ,s|n'(i,il Vcilt must In; ilici't'ilH- 
 t'd IIS it |nif<.st'M ll|iWiirii Mt> IIS lo citiTosp 111(1 111 llio comliJiM'tl ;il(';l ol iiU 
 linmcli M'lilrt |mM!«i:i}j; into it ) or l»y a vcni |ti|)e coniiLM'tcd into the 
 hoil jiipe iiIm»vu tilt' JiiiilK'st li.Miiri', or hy »oino approvi-d iiiitoiiiiitic 
 vont. Ap[)rovt'(l nifclmnii.'al tnips iiiuy l)c siibstiLiitcjd wIilmu it in 
 nt'iifKSiiry or advisaldf, IhU only on spt'i;ial pcnnit iVoin tliu Town 
 Knjiini'cr 
 
 'JO. — The vonl pipe for cinli wiilisr elose' tiiip >liiil' ■ at K'unt 
 two inches in diaineler. and lor traps under other li\ti. n<»t le^M 
 than one and one hall iiiehes. In all cases verlieal vent pipes must 
 he of ciisl «tr widiiiihl iron. 
 
 Ii7. — Special vent pipes mii.si hee.\tended two feet ahove tht liiirh- 
 est part of the rctol' oi copinji. the c.vti-nsion t(» lie not lessthan 1 inches 
 in diiunettM', to avoid oh.sinici ion from iVost. These vent-pipes must 
 iilvviiys have a continiious slope, to avoid eolleetiiitr water hy condrnsa- 
 tion. 
 
 28. — No trap vt-nt |»ipe shall he used as a waste oi .-"til p.pu. 
 
 2'.).— Over-llow pipi's IVom li.xtnres must, in each ease, he coii- 
 nt!cted on the inlet side ol' the lia[) of the same (Ixturc. 
 
 .'](>. — Waste |)ipes from safi's under lixtures shall not he c(tniK'cted 
 i.ireetly with a s(m1 pipe oi' sewer, hut shall he run to ac^l as a tell-tale 
 ending over a sink or to the open air over a gulley. The wasii' pipe 
 from refrigerators .shall not he connected with a soil, drain or waste 
 j)ipo, hut shall terminate over a sink ur open tray the (jn let from 
 whieii has a ventilated trap. 
 
 ol. — Tlie sediment pi[»e from kitchen hoilers nuisl he eunnecled 
 on the inlet side of the triqt of the same li.\tiire. 
 
 '62 — Water closets nnist inner he placed in an iinventilaled room 
 or compartment. In evei'V case the coni[);utment nuisl he ojien t(^ the 
 outer air, or he ventilated hy means ol' a shaft or aii-duct. 
 
 oo. — All water closets within the house nuist he sup[»lied with 
 water from se[)arate tanks or cisterns, the water of which is used for 
 no othej- i)ur[iose. A giouj) of closets on the same llooi' may he su[)- 
 jdied from one tank. Pan closets and hollow plunger closets are [)ro- 
 iiihited. 
 
 ol.— Over-How [)i[)es from water closet cisterns must discharge 
 into an o[)en sink, or wiiere its discharge will attract attention and 
 indicat'j that waste of water is occurring ; hut not into the howl of a 
 water closet, nor directly into a soil or waste pipe, nor into a drain or 
 Hovver. 
 
 o5. — Water closets, when placed in the yard, must he so arrunged 
 as to he conveniently and ade(pia,tely Hushed, a.i!d their water siip[)ly 
 pipes and lra[)S uuisi, he })rot(Jcted iVoui free/ing. The com[»iirtment 
 of such water closets must he ventilated hy means <»f slatted openings 
 in the roof. 
 

 irgu 
 
 :'.»'(. — All WiisU', ovcillnw or vciil |»i|u's rHlnill !•<• I'l' KmiI, cist or 
 vvi(nijj;lit. iron. 
 
 ;>7. — Ruin wiitor K.Mik'r.'i. wlioii |)liu.vtl inMiiJu of uny buil«lii>^', 
 iiiiiHl huot'riist iron. \"itli Iculi-tl joints. wn)n;ilit iron scruwud joints, 
 or ol" copju-M-, with soldi-ri'tl joints. Wlii-n onLtidc of tiu' Iniildin^ 
 iind con ni'ct I'll willi llir ilruiii it nnisl. il of slicnt niutiil with Hli|) 
 joints, Ik" irin»[)i'(l henciith th' "•oiind orjn.st insido of the wall, the 
 tnip hoing lUTiui.ii'tnl suns to , ■.■v»-nl iVuczing. In every cuhl* where 
 a lender opens neiir m window .»r m li-ht shai't it must he properly 
 tr!ip|(ed !it its base. The joint W.-Lwecii a e.i.st in)n leader iiiid the 
 rooC must l)e made ;.;as and water liiiht hy means of a hra.ss I'errnle 
 and li-ad oi coppi-r pipe, |)roperly eonnt'eted. 
 
 :}jj.__l[ain water leaders nnist never he nsed as soil, waHte or 
 vent-pipes, nor shall any soil, waste or vent-i)ipe he nsed a.s a leader 
 
 :;<).__>[j, stfani-i'xiiaiist. hlosv-idl Or drip pipe from a steam boiler, 
 shall eonneet withtlu- scwer or with any drain, soil-[>ipe or waste- 
 pipe. Such |)ipes mnst disehariiv into a tank or eondenser from wliieh 
 a .snitahle ontlet to llir drain may \h- provideil. 
 
 10. — Kvery new plundanj: syslom, including tho.ie altered or e.s:- 
 tended. mnst be tested by th^ p'!,i:nl)er, i)y the air, water or pei)per- 
 niint test in the [)re.scnee of the IMiiiubing Inspeetor ; all 'det'eetive 
 joints mnst l)e made ti;zht, and other openings made imperviou.s to 
 gases. Defeetivo [)i|)e nnist lie rem>)Ved and replaced by sonnd pipe. 
 
 11.— Cellar and louiulation walls must be rendered impervions to 
 dampness, and the i.se of as|)haltnm or coal-tar pilch in addition to 
 hydraulic cement is recomn>ended for t lie [)ur[i((se. 
 
 ]•_> _(JL.n;tv,s anil areas may be eonnecled with a house drain by 
 the use of trapi»ed giilleys. All sul)soil drains must be connected by 
 the same kiml of gidley. 
 
 io. — Yards and open light courts nui^^t al\*'iiys be i)roperly graded 
 and drained. When cemented, ilagged or i»aved they may be connect- 
 ed with a house-drain by means uf a trapped gnlky. When nnpaved 
 they may be eonneeved with a rain water channel, surface drain, or 
 old sewer. 
 
 -li. — Ni) pei'son shall conduct, or cause, or sull'er to be conducted, 
 anv sewer uiidei- ground into any street where there is a i)ubliesewei, 
 without having the same projjcrly connected with such [jidjlic sewer. 
 
 4.3 — Any i)ersou injuring, breaking or removing any portion of 
 any catch-basin, covering-stones, man-hole or lam[)-liole cover, or any 
 part of any i)ul)lic sewer, or obstructing the openings to any caLeh- 
 \y "•'.; and any [lerson [ihu-ing. throwing oi' de[)ositing an}o[i'al, g' -.b- 
 M,"".i, dead animals, l)rine or filih of any kind, in any man-hole, ^•'' ill 
 forfeit and pay a [)enalty of not less than ten dollars, nor more than 
 one huiidi'od ilollars, ['ov each and every oll'ence. 
 
 P5»»'is 
 
24 
 
 40, — Evory wntci-cork. liihb. tnp ov livdrnnt. nttadipd to !inv 
 wator or scrvici'-pi j)i-, coiiiiccli'il willi Mini snpplicil rroiii tin! wiitur 
 ■works Hysfcm of (lie town oC St. .Inlin's, isliall liiiv:- li-^iMy st;mi|)(Ml 
 thori'on, in a coiisi)i<-uoiis place, tlii' iiaiiu' of tlio i)liim!)C'r, a.tta,('liiiig 
 the same to tlio pipes or service as aforesaid. 
 
 47.— Tlu! Tiispi'ctor must be satislied that all wator-{)ipeH are laid 
 Avith due re!i;ard to IVee(loiii from dantier ol' free/,iiig, and every ser- 
 vice-pipe must he provided with a stop and waste cock for each eoii- 
 snn)er, easily at'cessihle, placed so as nut to he einlangei'ed hy frost, 
 and HO situated that the water can he eonvenieully shut oil' and drained 
 I'roni tie,' pipes. 
 
 IS. — For water-works pressure no leail pipe shall w<'igh less than 
 the Ibl lowing : 
 
 s in. Internal Diametei 
 
 I a It 
 
 1 
 
 Ills, per liiu^al yard. 
 
 (( 
 
 {\ 
 
 a 
 
 s 
 
 a 
 
 10 
 
 i- 
 
 i;; 
 
 a 
 (I 
 
 41). — Every master pluiisher who shall himself or hy his appren- 
 tices, iigents, or employees unike any extension of, or alteration to, or 
 shall remove any tra]), i)ipe or other li.xtures attached to the pipes of 
 the water works, siiall on the last day in the month in which such 
 extension, alteration or removal is maih.', report the nature and extent 
 of the same in writing' to the Engineer of the Water Works Depart- 
 ment n[)()n ])riiite(l forms to he supplied hy said De|)ai'tment, the cor- 
 rectness of which report shall he attested liy a statutory declaration 
 to he made hy the master pliimlier iiiakiiiu' such report. 
 
 50. — No ])luml)er siiall lie allowt-d. without having (irst ohiained 
 a ])ermit fi'om the department, to open or .shut olf the street sto|)-c,o(;k 
 connected with the si-rvice supplying any jiremises or huildings, un- 
 less in case of urgent ne(;essity to prevent loss or damage from Hood- 
 ing, or to mak(! mcessary repairs, or to test their work, ami shall in 
 evei'y such casi- leave the stop-cock open or closed as they may lind 
 the same; provided always tiial any plumhei' who sh-'leommii any 
 damage or injury to said sto[)-cock or the servici'-pipes of the de|)ai't- 
 iiicnt in so doinir shall he. responsihle for the amount of such daina<''e. 
 
 51. — Urinals with slop-cocks to !k' turned \*y hand, unless self- 
 closing, will not he pi-rmitted to iie attached or connected with the 
 Water Works system of the Town of St. .loliiTs. 
 
 52. — Water Closets must he filled to he; operateil hy tlu; regular 
 water-closet vaJvi's of the dill'ereiif m ikes. The use of ordinary draw- 
 ct)cks ill connection therewith will not Ik; permitted. 
 
 5.3. — No arrangenienl shall he made for siippKiiig water-closelsor 
 
 urinals hy cominon stop-( ks ; and no arrangements shall hi' made for 
 
 cleanin.g water-closets or pii\y \aiilts h. waste-i)ip(»s from w\'ish-hasins 
 
25 
 
 or sinks, or by luiy other iiiciiiis of evasion ; hut they shiUl he fitted 
 up with the fixtures and appurtenniiecs heh)n,i;ing to theiri resp(^ctive!y. 
 
 OL — No [)himher shiili Ijc i)eruiit.te(l to (!ouue(;t any two or more 
 (listiuet premises, tcneuieuts or houses, with one service unless sepa- 
 rate and (listiuet st()p-('<)<'ks shall he pliu^cd o'ltsiih? ejieh of sueh sepa- 
 rate premises in the i)ulilie alle\' or on the sidewalk ojjposite the 
 same. 
 
 55 — Noeesspool, privy v;iull, cistei-n or open tiutter, shall he (!on- 
 nected directly with a pidilic sewi-r. 
 
 5G. — Any person or persons or corponition oRendini;; ai^ainst or 
 violatiiiii; any of the provisions of this ordinance shall, on conviction 
 thereof, pa V ii penalty not less than $10.00, or more than one hun- 
 dred Dollars. 
 
 PLUMBER'S BOND. 
 
 Know all mkx uv rincsK i'|{Ksk.nis. dial we 
 
 in lilt' Town ut SI. Jolm's. N.F.. as |iiinci|ial ami ami , as 
 
 suiotifs, aif held an. I liniilv iniuiitl unto lIu'Sl. .l(JinV Miini(i|pal t onnril, in tin- penal sum of 
 ])(,||;irs."to he |iaiil to tiif said Municiiial Cciuncii of to its ccitain attorney, 
 siU't'eHKors or assifiiu'. 
 
 For whieh pav nient. well and tiill> to lie made, we iiiiid oMis.hes and oui lii'iis, exei-ii- 
 tor:Hiind adniinislra'tors joiiilK and si'M'iallv. lirndy li> lln' c picsi^nls. 
 
 Se.ded tills day of in tlie M'ai <>l oio' Lord, One 'I'liousand, ['',i).;lit 
 
 lluniireil and 
 
 Wliel-eas. the said c if I lie liisl pall lia^. liiadi' appliealioli to lie lieelUied 
 
 to en.L;a'j,i' in llie linsiiiessor eonneetin;; pii\ air drains uilli llic piilili<' severs ol the said T.nMi 
 uliicii Llei-iise has heeii granted, eomliti.med upon I h.' ixeiiilioii ol ihis hond. as provided liy 
 ( rdiuanec. No of the Mnnieipal i 'oinii il of said 'rown. passed 
 
 Now, therefore, the eondition of this olilit;alioii is such. Thai if the saiil 
 
 of the lirsl part shall well and failliliillv and in a udiktnanlike inamier, perform the work of 
 i-oiineelini; such drains, and shall sa\e iind iiidi'iniul> Ihe St. .lohii's .Mnnieipal of the neeolid 
 part of and from all eosts. ilama,n-es and expenses arisiii'; from makiiiiv sneh eonnectioiiH, or 
 
 theneKlii;vnee or earlessness of the said of the lirsl part, hisa^'nts. sei viuits, 
 
 or emplcivees. in makin.i; the same, lln-n l\\\^ iihli,!j,ali<iii to he \oid, otlurwi ,(■ to rnnain in full 
 tone and \ irtue. 
 
 Sim led and dili\ ried In I hr piesellre of 
 

 
 2G 
 
 PLUMBER'S LICENSE. 
 
 'I'.iWN h'.NiilNKKirs OKlMl K. Si, .luhirs. Nil, I.. 
 
 N«> iss . 
 
 Iicicl]\ iiccii^,i-,| 1,1 .jo riiiiiiliiiii.' ami la\ limisi- diaiii^- iii i-oii- 
 
 niMliiiii u illi I III I ]| 11 srvMi-. in I hi:, low n m aciin-.jaiiir w itii ! he pc-r inih-^iini ul an •■ I )i(|iiiaiici' 
 
 N.I Ii.\iii>; ami I. ■••II la I ins; the ii;,c ..I m'u.ts I,\ privalr lii<li\ Idiials in iht- I'nwn i.f St. 
 
 John :.. X. F. 
 
 'I'l.wii I'^ii'/ iui^cr 
 
 OWNER'S APPLICATIUN. 
 
 Fill; i'Kli.MlT T(i CnNNi:! r WITH I'l Ml.lc S|-.\\K|{. 
 
 '/'(( ///( Tiiii'ii l\ii(ii III I r ni- /in- iliilhiir'i;, ,1 /),,,iili/ : 
 
 J'ii'iisr .lcli\ ri |i. |icrirnl lur a in. h <i.iinr(li(iii w illi tin- 
 
 «fWi'»'<ii» Siicrl. lor |,iiiMi.-,r> Ni, . Siicti. I aulhi.ii/f him to 
 
 sifH li>l' iin- -:iiili an a|,pluali<.n lui Ihc ^,alnc• a:, ir. rvi|inivii l.\ llii' ift'iilaliuiu, i.l said l)<-|.att 
 
 ini-nl. 
 
 1S.S 
 
 . < hvncr. 
 
 APPI.ICATIUN FOR PLUMBING. 
 
 y'o t/ii Tiiii'ii Enqiihii' : 
 No 
 
 , Iss 
 
 Till' iilKicr-iiiilicil ajijiin-- lor |iriiiii>-^ioii in ronncii |ii-c-niisc> N Street 
 
 w itii till' |iiililir sewer ill Miei.|. and lo do the ncccssarv jpliiinliiim. and I 
 
 hcrehy (leMi-e a pciniil lo he issued i,. ;, r,.e|||arly .intlio'ri/ed and 'lieenseij 
 
 llllllnhl'r lo ■■oll>Irilet --llell. 
 
 I hereliv sii|iiilale and ,i,uii'e thai i In w oi k on -.aid >i'\\ei -.hall lie I'xeeiited in strict I'oii- 
 f. iiniily with tli^ |iro\ ision- 'it an Ordinaiiie li\iii-. .md le-idatiiii; the use of sewers h\' private 
 indi\ iiiiials ill the 'I'own ol SI. John's. N.I''., and tin- plan- and speeilicMtioiis iippro\ed h\ the 
 'I'ow 1L I'lnjAineer ami now in roi<-e In the Town ol Si. .loliii -. .\',|-'. .And the iindersi'^ncd' liir 
 llier a.urees that all elaiiii.-- a'^ainst Ihi^ Mnni, ipai i 'oiineil Im d.inia^^es oecasioni'd in anv man 
 nei liy llie pnlliii'j in ol -,iid drain --li.ill In waisid ■.ii\:{ held null aii'l \oid. 
 
 ( >n nei. 
 
 PERMIT TO CONSTRUCT SEWER. 
 
 No 
 
 .ISS 
 
 Ail hoi It \ 1-. Iiereli\ '.'iv en lo 
 tor 
 
 plll'.ltlOil . 
 
 to e.xeeiili the Work 
 
 npoii the o rm- and .on.lilioii; sp,.rilii-d in aliove ,iji 
 
Slivrt 
 iin.l I 
 
 '^'--*' 
 
 I'l Cdll- 
 
 l)V llu- 
 mI liii- 
 
 Will k