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MATHER,^ #, %m ejed his dejtri, » oj the knoW' f, concerning '^ . /' . ic with a Vi- Hy dtfcovered re ;' I fuppofe might give of iguity J that t h(td any knoim- \ht cime t$ att D^fire, and to rtoyed myfclf . putting toge- and profane, »le, if not cer- efofe rfie njn-, vcfy^nciinl tl and fatisfac- tht and Plea^ ; and learned^ )d Acquaint- Care and La- ces in Know-* ) and am, ie Servant, MATHER^ i.s ) L 41 A N ATTEMPT TO SHEW, That AMERICA most be Known to the ANCIENTS} Af ADE ATTHBRBgjrB8T,ANDTOGRATIFrTHBCURI0aiTY,Or AnInquisitiveGentleIman; TOWHICHISADDED An APPENDIX, Concerning the AMERICAN COLONIESj A « D ■ O HI B MODERN MANAGEMENTSaoainst them. ; , , t • • •• ByanAMERICANENGLlSHMAN, Pastor oy a Chvrck in BC^TON, NEW-ENGLAND. By. SAlAueiMAfiicy. BD. Nefcio quoinodo p]crique errare tnalunt ; Eamque Sententiam^ (|tuni adamaverunt, pugnaciflim^ defendere, qu^m fine Pertinacia, quid conftantitrime dicaturt exqutrere. Cics&ON. Ac*4fmie. ^,eft. lib. z, Sed nee preteritis hxc res incognita Seclij. Ct KVDi AS. De Bella Getico^ |<)ihil tam difficile quin quserendo inveftigari poHit. TitLBKi. in Heautov. Aff^. Seeiif i. y BOSTON NEfT^ENG LAND: frintedby J. Knebland, in Milk-Street« for T. liKVumt* aftd HJ|Cn ox^onjhiR,, j^v,«fCc m^ %-c. ^^fl '<0i tii^iii^ .?>' ■■VS 'it 1\ i i ■>'b \iv' •i. An Attempt to ftiew. That the Jncients muft have the Know- ledge of the Wefiern World^ or America^ IT !s well known, that, in the Year of our Lord 1493, Cbriftipbtr Columhit, of Genea^ difcovered the lOanda oi HifpauitUit Cuba and Jamaica \ and that Amtricus Vefputius of fhriaee, under th« DireAion and Encouragement of Emanutlt King of Pcr/ugalt in the Year 1497* difcovered the Continent of jtmtrica, which has been fo called from that Timt after his Name. Now many have imagined, and even fome of the liearned among them» that this Wiftem IVorli was never known before thefe Difcoveties of the Gtnoilt and FlartiUini Commanders.— Thus the learned Pan- tiroll in particular fees fit to reckon the New H^wld^ or Americat among the Thingp, which were uKkxovm ta the Andeots. (a) Amerkus Vefputiut too, in his Epiftle to Rmatus, King of Jtrufalm and Skihf„ and Duke of Lorram and Bane, writes, as follows, f^e beUeve, that, as eur Aneefiersmake no mention 0/ tbeljlands and firm Landf §f America ; /a the Ancients themfelves bad n§ hum" ledge ef tbem.^^And the Publilher of this Epiftl^ to- gjECher with a Number of Tra^ wrote by andene f*J PaaciioUoi, Da Novo Orb*. Ub. a. Tit, 1. # ill ^1 1 ''-*''--***-*fiiK?^' I [ 6 ] Vbyagcn, Siba/liM Mun/ler, obferves, that CM/hphtp Ctlumbus and Alberieus [for fo he writes it] Vejpuiiui were the firft of Mortals, who found out America^ and other unkrtown Landii However, the teamed Keckerman, having well con- lidered, whether Amerka was known to the Ancients or no, and weighed the mod probable Arguments on both Sides of this Qy fome Fi/bermtn cf tbi j/la»d «/ Friedand, wba wtrt driven by a Tempefi to tbtfi Sberes : 7 bis, being of old viewed and obferved, about ibis lear^ that is tb« Tear vf our LORD 1340, Nic- olas and Antony Zenus, Brttbrtn, noMi VenecianSt under tbe Aufpicet «/Zichmi, ealUd King 0/ Friefland, again recognized and brongbt to Knowlidge. And Jobtt Skoluo, a Folonian, in 1456, failed to this Country. If any fliould aflc, what Place this Efiotiiand is P I can only anfwer, that fome Geographers take it to be NeW' foundland, or Cape Breton : But others think it to be Ifew BritaiUt and the Land of Labrador. However it is agreed by all, that it was • Part of America, But, inftcad of taking up Time about thefe or any more modern Relation^ we iball go back to more aneient Times and Tbings, which have Relation to tbis mjkr^ fForld. vlt is lamarked by a learned Spanifh Writer, Villal' pawduSt that bis FeUow-Ciiizen ot Conbtba, L* Ann^u Sems0» who was Nephew to that famous Seneca^ the Tutor frf the Brute Nero t wbeu tbe Form of tbe World did not yet appear /# be knowut yet foretold^ tbat emtbm^ fVorldflaouk be found out : (b) It n true tbia i,. Amiious Seuefat in one of Ms Dramatic Pieces, fays, that in late Team Ages fbaH coma, in wbicb Ocean fbalt loofe tbe Bonds ofJbings^ and tbe migbty Eartb/ballbi laid open, and Tli^pli^ Ibali Mftover new Worlds, (c) Buc ' W fVI^M' Do ^a QiHtittlcib 14b. t . cap. 4. p. f. tiekf0/irlfi fMat OegiuKt ^ ftttmt TtUtu % ThjrpkifqM m&m " ShHgit Orhi ' * >l9 tmt0 Ifadtatf f ^ 1 I ii I V ! I But ilthoagh UtiieM*% TownfnMn hence affirmi^ ilufl htfmfU siutbtr IVftd /htutd ht ftmnd m/ i we need noc be (o unreifonablf creduloui at Co believe* chat, when he wrote in fhia Manner, he waa injfirU with tbi Spirit §f Prcpbecy ; No I For nothing of thia Sort apoeari. It ia much more lilceljr, that, either from fome raincApprehenfion of the StruAure of the Ttrraquenu GMt^ or from fome trtHtianal yfeecunls 9ft be Grtatntft of tbi Sdrtb, and of anHbtr fVtrli befidei their old one, he might write after thia /tmpi- ingfy Propbitieal Manner.— But, if any think, that what he has thua written (hould be taken onlf for PMtieai Fiai§n, or fanciful Prophecy, we fliall be coo* tented : For we do noc build much upon it* But there is an Hiftorical PaflTase handed to na by Pmponius Mela, who lived in the Emperour CAie- dius'% Time, about the Year of our Lord 93 1 which. at it ii remarkable, ia deferving both of a particular Recital and an attentire Conuderation : It ia as fol- lows t— When MtttUus Olir, who by the Way waft called Celer for his Quicknefs in preparing to celebrate the Funeral Ohfequiet of hia Father, waa Protenjul a- mong tbe Gauls, he received as a Prefent certain /»- elians (d) from the King of the Smviaiu i who, being foatched away by the Force of Storms from tbe Indian Sborest at lengtb tame out to the Shores of Germany,'^ Thete are the Words of the Hiftorian : And thia Hiftory, as Vadianus the Commentator on PompeniM obferves, fairly indicates, *tbat tbere is a Sea wbich may be navigated in tbe moft difiant traBs,{e) ■ Now, from this Hiftoticat Account, it (ceni prob^ blc, that thefe Indians might be carried away from the Coaft of Neafaundlaml, or Labrador, or fome other PUce to the Morthwaid» by a violent Gale of Wnd of tong Continuance with them, until at length thejr arriyc^ (J) Pmpnr. MiU. Lib. 1. (tj FmHm, Nouii^/M^.p. ||) - J| i H« »i WJ W >n >i . •ffirmi^ClHll mj tut t we Cobeiieve» WM h/pired noching of that, either udure of the nal Aeetunts fUtbtrWtrU er this /tmh ' think, that ten onlf for I fliall be con- nit* ded to iM bf nperour CAie- I 93 t which, f a particttlar 3 It if u fol* the Way was ig to celebrate I Pr9€9njul%' nc ttrtaiuln^ I who, being om tbt Indian of Gtmuurf,"-* in : And ihia on Ptmptnins s Sia wUtk feemiprobH tway from the r Mine other hie of Wind t koffh they arriveo [ > 1 irrived on tbtCirman Ctdfi, and got a Shore ihere.-^ And Che coming of thefe Indians might very well con- vince and fatiine both the King of tbt Sutviaw* with his People \ and the Rtman Proeonjul^ and from him the voboU Roman Empirtt that there was snotbtr iVorld, befides Jbat Inhabited by themfeltres. There was alfo in moft ancient TtmeS repeated Mention mtde of two Iflands Called AtUntidts^ which weta faid to hate been about lo.ooo Stadia diftanc from Ubyu : Tbtri mttt tbt Ehffian Fields and tbi Dwil/ingi ef tbeBliffed, mentioned by Homtr^ Htracu and other Poets. I hefe lOands feem to be called by PUwf the He/piHdts : For he reckons two in the jlt- Untie Sea : and tbejtt as he fays, beyond tbe Gorgens in a Navigation for 40 Days beyond tbt Atlantis.'^ Now the learned Geographer OrteHus fuppofes it pro- bable, that tbi ft might be the Iflands of Hifpaniola and ta^A— But Diedtrns Sienins tells us, that tbt Atlan^ tidtSt or the Ptople of thofe Iflands, as we bavt rt^ ctivedt dr4 inbabitinj^ Piaets near to tbt Oitan^ and iftry bappy indted. (f) And in Troth, if we fuppofe^ ' with Or/tliuSt thefs Iflands to be the fame with Hifpa-> Hitla and Cuba, they mud be ntar tbt Ocean indeedy as Diedtrnt fays : For they are furrounded with it. But Plato, who lived about 40O Years before our Saviour's Time, has given us the moft parifcular and " tuH Account of tbt Atldntie IJland, as it Is called hf him,' in one and another of* bis Compofitions i And we fhall endeavour, in td clear and condfe a Mancer as we can, to give his Account from the Edition of his Works puDliflitd by Serranks.^\n one of his Di- alogues, he fays, that Ntptnnt had by Loc tbi At* lantie jfiand, and placed the Children he had by i mortal Woman in a certun Place of that Ifland.— -Ic receif ed^ he fiiyi, iu Naone from its firf^ King and DMn^, SM. Da fabtldS« Aatf^oeraaS grittl. f, s6i, -WnWiiWWtfiM** m4 m. ii my £ lo ] t*ord, e«ea fraiti Jiias % and further «dds, that thd extreme Fart of this (/Utuk n hkh be had for his Loti was at HtrtuUs*% PUlars.ig)-^ Aa^^ in another of h'u Writings, (g) the following Paffages taty be found a In thofe firft Times tbe AtUHik tlfss a Hofi iroad fffand I tad tJaae wett txuQS mpft ppwerful Kings in it i whO| with joint Forces, appointed to occupy 4/Im and Enr^i i And To a moft grkvous War was carried on : In HiYkh iii Atkei^m% with the commoit Confent nX tbe Gneitt oj^poCed themfelves t and thejr became tbe Coa<|tteron.— But that jftiaiUk J/taitd bf a Flood and Earthquake was indeed fuddenly deftroy* ed I and fo that Sort of warlike Men was ahforped. N. B. Thefe Things feem !• be related with Hifloricitf Truth.— And he writes further jpidtdf and eKpteQy, chat Tist AtUuUU J^lmid, Mm m Tnlib vtiitwbilmi mtb tbi ff^MHt tf 4be 8ta, alfege$b»r difafptsnd i And buM fbgt Sea is Mffifnii to be faffed \ iwafmeb MS eepivm Cl4^ yet nmmHtd fttm 4be ROifuis §f that Ifland.— Moreovei, he fays* MMI 9dds, that tba had for tus Lot^ aaocher of his nay be found i a nto$ kroad ppwerful Kings nted CO occupy evotti War was ith the commoit (Ives I and chef kiuk IfitHi bf iddenly deftroy^ was afaforped. withHiftoffical r and esFMvfly, ^th MetwMmtd difapptMnd i tffti \ iwafmtch RtUgues •/ that t JflMdt in ^t S9 iJnft Strgits \ snd that Ifiand and Afia \ frtm $9 •ther^fiandsj^ unem, xttbicb it Karratton i For inentbned this u «/. »ld in tbi tH Iftand tf tbt ]|y coiijtf^itd, ts. andC(m§rk»t "V*r*?TTT7*'-'5^?*^.'*T. "^'^'T ■ mil ■ r f 11 ^ >««'■>- ^ they are called i And, that fhift were IbnnM, anif icrosin, out of the ReHques of it, BemM thought i and he believed, as ht fays, that it might be lengthily idemonftrated. ^k) Hognum has truly obferved, that the AlUniis of Pia(9 is CO many jlmtrit» ; A|kI the learned Baehdri (/> topeara to have bten of the lame Mind. And indeed* if this IQand was larger than Uhf^ ^ 4fi^ ** ^^^ 1^ acqoaidted us, itiooks as if it wet« really Jmerica^ isr reaching fi> fiar u to be clbfdy conneacd with it. There ieeas alfo Rcafen to think, thai there muft have been ui anctest Times fotpe Knowlege of the 4mritan Regions : Becaufe we have credible Accouniv •r the PaOsge* of VeOels through thi Jthmlk Qtu9 both oae Way and the other.;— We fhall not infift 00 P9mfntt$f MeW% Acootunc tif one En4tiinu% wha iays. «» I** D«yi' •/ owf Gnuu^atbers, [and, as w noted before, he lived in the Time of the Emperor CUmdiini\iafMbtM from tbiKHig «/ AU^tanM^ Istyrns, bf wtnifmb Jrm tb* Arabic Gulph tbi^ $^3 £M,as Nipfs affirom Gadit nfom pirvtBus tfi^ «nd wasearriedeveiitt>^Ca^|.(l*) Nor (hsU we urgk the ProfaabHUT'ef it, that he tsight kc, if not ih« jffufitan (h) BitmM. !«». laW. c j. (mj ff^ifm «Ws. wh. }• f- iyi,«»M«toi#yi*a«iv '4 I [ «* ] Lexicon at the Word ifir«0«.— It hai not be^a the Lo| of thfs prefenc Writer to meet wiih this Feriplunn yet | and therefore jie can make none of his own Obferva- tions upon it.<— But Cfslius Rbediginus has given U| this more exprefs and particular Information of th« Certbaginiaa's Voyage; (hat ^Ntfrn^, («) departiog from Herculeft Pillars^ that is, from the Streights m Qihaltar, Into the Ocean, leaving JJiya to the left, jailed out ^o Vayj^ feeking tbt fVtftfrn Parts : Bifi (Ltiertoards^ turmtig to tbe South, be met with mttnf Jmpedimentf.—fiovt if Hanno^ leavingZi^i?, or yifrica^ to tbe left, failed Jeeking for 30 Djjjr/ thefVefteru Parts | ir is moft probable, that he found' fome of the American jfiands, if not fome Pare of the JVeftern Continent xi" feif. Columbus, as appears from bis own Account; iaiied with his Squadi'on but tbirty Days to the Wefl^ when he beheld f^/tffM ^di^i : And, coming nearer to them, he found the Number of them ioht ^tty whereof /«;0 were larger ones : But /tmerieus, after vfailing mneteeH Days from the Cape de Verd Iflands, found a certain hew Land, which he ttiought to be firm : But it proved an Jfiand. But we niay add, to this Account of ^<2M0, the Teftimony of Diodtru^ Siculus, who lets us know, that (ertain J^bfaiciaHs werf taft OH a mofi fertile I/land oppoCite t6^sca :— We A>ay note here, that, if it was oppofit^o 4f^i(a, ic muft be an American JJlaHd.r-^^aA he further fells us, that the PbdMcians left no Stone unturned, that tbi^ Region migbf remain unknown to tie Europeans. (^} iH^re theretore we ifee one Reafon, why tbe fFeftern H^crtdwn kept (ecrec froin i^i Europeans by the Pbtenicians t ll was Regard to their ownConmer^t and Interejiy thittlrd them without Doubt to conceal the new Haces, at. which the]f tradeo. Moreover ) mt may recite from y£/f4«, who lived and wrote after the Emperor Adrian*s Time, aboi^t '■'the («) Cal. RMigini Le6litnet aAtiqaB. le be^n the Lo| Ifripluai yet | 9wa Obferva- has given U| matioQ oftht [«) deparnog Streightt 3 ] \ht Year of our Lord 136, the Account, which he gives of a Colloquy between Midas of Pbrygia and Siltnus : In which Colloquy, arnong other Things, Silenus ga»e Information to Midas\ that Eitroftt Afim and Libya are Iflands, and furrounded with the Ocean & and that ont Continent exifts without this florid ) and be afHrmed, that its Magnitude was immenfe and in- finite, (p) Now if this one Continent exiftiog away from the old World, and of fuch ^li immenfe and infi^ pife Magnitude^ was not intended ai^d mfcaoc of this mfiern fi^orld i we ihould be giad, that any one would be fo kind as to let us know, what Place or Country is intenjded and meaa^ by it. We have thus produced dutborities, and offered fiiafoHs fufficient to render it mbft highly probable, that thisWeJiern World muff he known to the Anciently But here it may be demanded, if this CondiuSat WM k;lown in ancient Timet, was it inhabited in thofe Times } and w^ra wasitfirn inhaHtedt and hj vbomP And we (hall endeavour to give fome fuitable AnCwer |o the proper Enquiries, Noif it oughi in ^11 Jleafon to be thought, thjic, M America,, upon the more molern Difcoverics of it «ii4 Acquaintance with it, was found to be well peopled, and even floeked with Inhabitants, probably as much #s Afia^ Africa and Earopt i furely it mult haVe been inhabited, not merely above/v« hundredycvn but a- bove one, two, three and oven four thonfnd years ago^ And indeed it was probably inhabiied not long a^t«r ihe Difperfion of theft nnmore^ Famlies, who were fe- parated inCoafequeace of the unhappy Affair at Babelf The learned Crotins conceived, that t^e jfymieanM (dime out of EuropOt palling from Nervoeo into Iceland | cbeoce by Brielland into Greenland 5 and (6 into ESfo- tiland^ (>; ^A'M. Vjudar. Hifteriar. Lib; 3. Caf. 83 • « ■•^ I 'If I H 1 $ikMdt mhki \t probibly a P«rt oF the fFeaim Cont^ pmi. {fX And we moft ackne»iege« that the pafljng out of Muroft into jimerua bf this Houtte is poffible sind not umietural : However it does oot «ppnr lb fiMy, that 4iii«rica was, firft pf d^ fettled in thii Itfaoner; But we are rather moft incfiocd to think» tiut tht ffimtaj AmtrieMis were the Defceodants of Magog trom Japbet. And, wheo we fay the friifwy Amm- f0»s, we mean afitr the Fhed : For there is Rrf fon to believe, that the People, whareOded iatbe^#ji«ni 0^frU, as well as the other Continent, were fwept a- way from the Face of tKeBaith t becaoie «// FUJb Mi»rmfti4 t!mr nr^. Both j^pfipk /leas and A»t9ity HiTfers acquaint U9, that they foMod ibk Mh mio^ *f»* FioM pteftrved tmoogihe lidians of Ma and Meeboatban and Nicaragua : And Coraca •fill M, that, among tb9 ftmvUmf^ there w« a Tra- dMoA, that aU tbtir Lan^ wn phagtd mi iaid bU fatbiWattrs^^MxAH^ n^fkakenot, ail the EvW deaota in tbt nataral JVoflit which arc commoiify brought on the other Side of the Water to prove^hc ^enpral Imtudatint over that Continent, may be fairly ^oduoed to prove the genera! Frevafeaa of it ovf r miComineot. *''',' ■ . ■ Bat, as wii we iiow ircMing of the piimary MaU- ffMMf if Amniem after the Flood 1 fo we fsy, thai Tb^ appear «o have defcendcd from Japbtu Ai 6oi>, de EkMiM, as it b in the Mivw Te», f.«. the ^h^ftmming Omst w ^« fnttfffii^s by Oatb, had pro* inifed lo.^iafgi fffbtt^^ in wbieh Fromife tbeie iira SKho AUuAob to ^la^NaoM, as Indeed there la a Mif ;:IluOoa to JV0Mr«f very frequently to be found in the lloly Scriptniesi jfo tl& Promifrwasineft remarkably fulfilled : For th^ feR to Japbet*t Shares not.ooly all l^i^t, tb fuH of People, and 4'^« fhl*fi a«d HA^ I' j p ■ "SMfmm n n W W.i' 4.. > tljl II i»i I i«t the paffing itte is poffiblt lot appear fii fettled in tbii link^tiut th$ ntt of Mag^ here is Rrffoff «ii\» fFtJhn vere fwepc a- raufe «// FiSr>l 4f^M and fowKllAiJMW he liditns df : And Qaractt re was a Tra- imiUid U all the Ev| ii« commohff r to prove ^hc may . be fairljr ice of it Off p rMMry MaU' we fay, thai 7tf/*#/. As Ta»» i.«. the 3tfli6, bad pro- tMfe tb«fe ii a there laa fiM e found in the oft remarkablf ire^ not.ooly aR «4 S^ ■# And Part oF AmmiM and l^tfrla and ^4»jfc i ^ aj<|i all chofe vtf^ Nortbtrw Rigia^, inhabited «iioe hy iSsm Sa, that as dieve%ere tbret SnufSaiiii » fo ofotpmmm^b^wkok Mm^ toas ovtrffrtai or fcMhr^ Mbr is there any Reafoa to doubt, hut that tbitf Scattcriili|4r« aeeotdufg to^tbe direAiola of I99Mk, and lvoaB>al>iviqe Wwrauf given litm for thia purpofe > So then the Fofterity of Japbitt hf l^tg^icxsM^vagya^M WilDof^Heavea^taok (h« TDnmacy Fofieflloo wihisaMv<^«iU.* Andii^w^M^ jr, MMr aoMsioiilyi wu J^tt iifkrgtd hf this wdk Ac^uifilkiB? But, after tbhJirA di/ptr/!$n to tbe JFifttm H^orU, ive readily grant, chat there naight be vdrims Mmmtgk to it from various Nadons i ^or lifter i^ Sty^iimi^ fMrtars, were fettfed here % the Nerwtgiaiu and ki* latidm might coo» i and ib might iome of ihe StMtn^ /hmtkomtbteBtSt, But ibmc f)cfba|H may lay ibere, Jiid it§tifHtniiHbtji to ibis fifsrati Wiridf To which we anfiKr, that there was lie need at aU>«faN^ JUMjj^ilifiibrit: Far ^ k 4i apprehended by mm%}^MiQmkr$bms ^ats tf Afia mSUjtiniH Atneriea^i ^If ehw he diwidal at alW k muft be by a very narfow Ghaanel. wbkh may be pi^ over eafi^ in Boati trCaaoei t mpmafu at k is froieo over for ji ^jnUt, Ptft «f tbe Tm» wtf 9i|hc hfire a giai^ ttam M'f iMb Xim iuj^efl k ffloft t «6 1 6ioft prdblble, thaC k wu by the 5/rdi// 0/Ah!ari,ih"«CMW'.',i'')l*T""" ut of AfiA intd chat, from the' be an eafy paf- ters of a Ye^t' *ti of Aoiericif } and the In- ve both to the lafion requirecH. that the Inhabl- Land: Which M>me from- the fuppofed ihem be difficult to ly for This, but Plato reprc- ogether, might \trican Ifltnds^ ilbwance, Htf' ▼ed about th^ >e remarked^of that, as Strakof which were for- (o we nnay. juft* ir Parts of Seas, (/) Thus it hat liciout Perfou^ to Ftanct^ anf ^' now, tbatth6)r EC of SKai bis- tweetti TtllM rrti. ■orph* tib* I5'» t «7 ] K^Mn them.—And it feems not at all improbable, thift jfmmca might formerly be conjoined with Europi and jtfiot if not to IndU^ by vaft TraAs of Lahd t which, from the Prevalence of Eirtbtjnakei^ have f6nk into the mighty Abyfi^ And thus fias this fTegirti Worli been difunited and feparated from them.— Nor is it at all improbable, but that the great Atlantic Iftand of Plato \ whereof one extreme Part uas at HereuU^n Pillars, and bordering on Spain % and the other extend- ed near to the Ameriean Continent^ might in general fink % and the American J^ailds, if not thofe on the Coafl of /ffrica, ri)ight remain vui of (he RUinsof it. W.; have no Reaf6n to thhlc, that^ In an6ierit Times, there were iriy Removed from Afrita to America : For h is faid, afccording ip the ingenious Dr. Greto^ that kU over America Here drt ilo Blaeki^ but oitly at ^k^- tflM.w-And, if indeed there are any thkrt % perhaps they are not .originally from Africa }but ffoni fomi Country in China under the Torrid Zonei Where the People are of a Hack Complexion, J Sojoe have thought and fuggeflted, bdt we think !if- ludicioufly, as Jthn Lerius and others; that the Aiki- ricani wei;e originally Cawtanitei^ defcended.from Ham^ . the Soh of Noah i and th6 Defcendantf of thofi»; w6om Jbfitlid drove from thiir Seats in Canadk $. whd, being conftrained to feek out new Regions, at length catAe iiod Hit down on this Continent. Here we fhall rejidily allow, that the Phinieianit who were mriginally Canaakitet, in the Days not mucti iiter than mofts^%, dkl fail into Spain i And, as Pare of tjiefedifpoflefied Cqnaamtes fled thither, fo a Pare of them went into Baotia, and another Part iota Af- rica : And Proeopius informs as of the Pillar to t^ fMn about TiMtfirr, which had infcribed on it, that they were of the Pofierity of thofe^ who fled froin the Faie ^ Joflnii the Son of Nun, the Rebhit, And it is not C «i * -•■- —■.»*• ■ I t8 } at all improbable, tlMC, m thde P^SMiciam, or Cdmum, itis, migbc mingle wMi Japbtft Poilenty in £ttr9fn ia fome of chem aagiA in ProcsA of Tune come to Jmiriea by the Wty of the Sea Mid fettle here : For Iher weic the PbamtioMS \ers0ft^MM' b recei««d ic i P/irajr acquiinli lie Seas among , (olbucydiiUs rft amoog the avtSi Carinis nattt round the ntion*d : And in Navigation. tbt Pbceniciant Nor yet ^ ic ' might fail to itity, that Am- t fettled I waA Wyiient, that tbtre were Regions and great 'ones beyond thofe, that were known to thein in AJiat Africa and Europe, Not tl mention again the ancient Prophecy concern*^ ing tboEa^gement 0/Japhet \ nor to recite the Prophe- cy cOnceihing Abrabantt that in. bis Seed, the Meffiah. all tboNaticns oftbe Eartb, and hence the moft remote Pofterity of ^gog^Jbonld be bieffed\ nor thf poOdve «nd peremptory Engagement to the Meffiah Hitnlielf» b Pftl. ». 8. Chat tie uttermoA Parts % or, as it is in the Hebrevf, tbe Ends of tbs Eartb^fbould be big Pojfefion .*— It is ablblutely promifed to the Meffiah, that* after his Humiliation, at in Pfal. xxil »;, yftf tbi Ends oftbe World fbtU remember and turn i§ tb^ JAfd f and all tbe Kindreds of tbe Nations fiiaU wor* ' fdp brfere tbui or, as we may ^ve the Verfe more inftly acoordiiag CO the Hr^itvb M tbe Ends of tb§ StrlkSM rmmHr and be eemiertti t§ Jehovah % Ca Mi [ ao ] iliii^ utt thi Famittts of tbt Ntttiontjball incline, px boi|| down, thm/eivej to (hy Face, i. e. to tbo Mtffiab, ex; hibitinK the Face of Jehovah.— Should any one here fuggeft, thai7^» may mean, that not only thcHtirewu but tho Naiiont around them, Ibould k*l**vi ttnd turn to tbt Urd find ifor/bip Him xh and by the Mefliah x We rfply. that, although Ihit may be f ar( of the J prophetical Meaning \ yet the Sepfe of the Prophecy eem« to be much more extenfive i— /f// titt Ends oC tbt tVorldandall tbt Famiiies of tbt Nations .— Thefe Expreflioni mull certainly figniBe the human Race wrhereirer difperfed, and eVen to tbt rtmottfi Parts of tbtUrraoueoMs Oiobt : And, to Tbt/t, teottbk and deVout Nlinds might well ftretched \ yhen thia Ur^ phecy waa read by them with religious Care, Atten- tion and Confideration. — And it it engaged, in Pfalm) Ixvii. r, 5. 7. Toiknow tby IVay {n tbk Esrtb andtb) SaH;at$on, or thy Jefut, in all Nations \ i. e. not only kndMn, but unknown.— L// tbiPtopitt or the People ihall, eonfefs to 7btt^ Elohim v to Tbtt Itt, or fhall; 4// tbt P^opit tbifhjtlvts eonfefs -^Anttall tbt Ends of tbt Earth Ihall fiar ^m.— Surely neither tbt utmojt Exttnt of Judta, nor tbt EtttrtmitUs of tbt tbrtt great Divifions ot the old >yorld, and tbt Ptopltn thereon ^ill comprehend in them all tbt Ptoplt ot the World, 4nd al^ tbt Ends of tbt Earth.-rlt ia foretold, aa if it i»e*e ilreidy iccornplilhed, in ffalm xcviii. 3. M tbt Ends of tbt Eartb bavtfitn tbt SatyatioMt or thy Jefua, oiir Eiobi.^So it is preciiAei^, in Pfarm cxHi. «. from tbt Ri/ing of tbt Sun to tbt going down of tbt famt, tbtLOfiD's Namt is to bt prJftd.-^^giAn, there is a Prophfetkral Call, ib Ifa. xlii. io. tojlng a ntw Song to Jehovah j bis P^ai/t from tbfE^trtmity cftbtEartb% jtftbat go down toxd the Sea and all that is tKertin i the Itles ahcl Jbe Inhabitants thereof :— And it is ihd Call of Prophecy, iii IlTa. xlv. 22. Lookyt to mt, and bejMvedt all the Ends of the Earth, &c— So it is fdre^ t6kl. at thtferjdking endpunijbing the Jews for their . ' - loiqUlliiH any one here y theHthrews^ \ive and turn cbe Mefllah : w V.u% of the the Propheqr HitbtEmboi. «■»«;— Thefe human Race \at0 Parts cf feD(!ble and rhcn thia Utor I Care, Atren- ged, in Pfaln^ Eaubandth) \. e. noc only or Che People t Ittt or fhall; atl tbe Ends •/ Iter tbt utm00 tbtibrtigit^t Pfcplti, chereon ot (he World, >retold, u \t it xcviii. 3. jlit hatitM, or thy Pfarai'cxm. a. ^ down cf/be —Again, there f pfihtEitrtbi \K ia tKeran 1 And it ia thd :je tomit and —So it ia fdre^ Tewa for their # [ «• 1 fnlquitira, in Ifa. lix. 19. J bey fiali ftar from the VVcft ibi Namt Jebexmbt and from the Eaft of the Sun bis Ghry : — Which ia a Prophecy, that not only from tbt txtremijl Partof theEafiM^frmtbilVifitru H^ftdt Jehovah, or ihe MefTiah, (hould be acknow- leged and glorified in a religioua Manner.— But, that fvt may noc be too cedioua \ we fhall only add further Ihe Propneey of Malatbi \ in which, after tbe GOD ff IJratlYi%d fbewed hia Diflike of the Ijrattiti/b Na- tion for their irrellgioua and profane ConduA, and hia Pufpoie CO caft chem off for anocher and larger Peo- ple ( He faya, aa in Malach. i. 1 1. Far, from tbe ri' /tag $f tbt Sua even to bis fetting^ great /ball be my Pfame among ^be Nations^ &c. Could any of the Jews Or jewifft Pro/elyteSt who lived, or converfed for a Seafon, on the Wefiern Borders of Arabia or Africa^ ^xA Jaw tbt Jetting £«», help imagining, front thia Prophecy, that fherp were,tf/ tbe Jetting Sun, Nations CO be brov^hi to right Worfhip and Religion \ Na- tk>na» that iiVM vaftly beyond the okl World, of which they were the Inhabitants. Upon the whole t If thefe Paflagea, aa well as many othera amoonting to the fame Purpofe, be duly con* fidered, it will in fome Meafure appear, that the Nd- ti^MSt Ptoplt and Families of tbis ff^eSern florid are cioo^rned in them.— But, if any think otberwife, it Ihall be owned aa a Favour, if they will tell ua, in wbdt mortfutt and exfreffivt fiords tb^ Spirit (f Propbeey KomU wtU Sfeivtr the divine Intencion and Purpofe, tbett tbe/t W^^tm Regions of tbt Eartb, as well aa the 6tber Par; of the Work), /honld be brougbt to tbt K %^Ugtt VMIbXf and Strviet of che true OOD, om- HifeftiogHimfdf in and by theMeffiah.— And we have, no Doubc, that the more penetrating and judkious, if not among tbt Jtws, who were of more narrow an^ ^ont^iftied Minda, yet among the jtwiOt Projefytes, ^idfrftood the Meaning of theie Pfopbeciea to reaeb 1ft «■;■ t [ " ] Vf#W 0ki tU iTtrU, which they inhabited, /# th fFtrU then aft itntralfy ktuwit, and the Naiioni and People inhabiting the fame. But ac length the ertat Light cfthi ff^trU fcm t» vifit it I tp give Light t» thm^ thtt lit in Darknt^s mnd the Shadow $f Dtath^ and guidt thiir Fat in the Way cf Ptact : And, when He had been fihtditnt to Diatht tvtn the Death of the Creft \ and had not only been delivered Jar eur Offentest but i^i/ed again fw awt Ju/Hfieati$n i He then declared to hit A potties, that all Power in Heaven and Earth was eemmitted to Him : And hence, in Virtue ot hie Ddvim Power and Authoritjt He commiflioned hti Apolltee to go into all the iVortd^ and preaeh the Go/pel to every buira Creature : And, without Queftion, they tulfille<.1 tlieir ComroiflTion according to the Intent and Meaniitg of it. It is very difficult for uti,at this Time, to Ihew tht Pregre/s of the Apefiles, But there is Reafoo to th'u)k« that, according to the Mind and Will of thdr Lord made known to them, they agreed among themfelves, $0 which Parts of the Earth eath of aAms ftonid go \ and how they (hould each o^ (hem employ themjeivu within the Lim, ihat was laid out fo« tliem. Some have told ui, that Philip went away to the Mpptr 4/faf and even to Scythia : And Nieephores tt- ktci, that the Apoftle Andrem b believed bv fome toi have been fent to Cappadocii, Gaia^iot Bitijffiia, and the fFifltm Parts, (ti) But we place but very little Dependance on any fuchAccounia as there :.«7>Aitboug)i we allow, .that there are fome £videoces> that Tkemu carried the Gofpel taEaffern-lndia^ Some of the ancient Fathers &^;. 'a ftr'uig, in Favour of it, that /^.^ :3!bc fbhngiont the fVerld by, thte A; (o) Niitfh/, m^ Lib. 8. Cap. 6. full and ■yi gar, our Uefled lAfd« labked, /« th» h« NmIom and . fit in Darknt/s tiir Feel i» tke een »kedien$ to id had not only %ijed dgiun fir h'n A pottles, ss eewmdtted to vim Paner Md fltet CO g9 into § -every huira x ty tulBlled tlieir 1 Meanti>g of ic. ne, to ihew tU Kcafoo CO think, 1 of thdr Lord long Chetnfelvei, hem fteuii ge % wpiey tbemjetve* cliem. tnc away co the id Nkepberes re- ived bv fome ca I, Bitfyda, Mud t- b«.c very liccle I'te :.«7-Aiicboiig|i MPS, ihttfhmst r m V^e full aed frl "tfort- 4 to. our bkfled tiifd* [ ^3 1 . Lord.— |rM''«ii }■ hit Epidlr co the PtilMhfpbfsM^ (avKChatf/ was ^.'■^Ttrtnlli^n ob!<^ve«, that tbePiseet ^ Britain, w^iVifr iv#rv tnauffhle ^ tht Pomant, lay 9ftn te CAf/2/5f.— And we ma)r wril afk, w ^ might HOC cKher diflanc Placet, ai ^ even chctc tpmotc Regiona do fo too ?— JSe/iNWe/ (hewa ui hit Opittior/, loat the DeOrine ef Sslvstien vtt ty the divine Penoer .w^ Ce»9fera$ien CMfried into sll the IVortd, Julius Firmt- tut Matnrnittt i»fho lived aheve 1400 Tu) iff, af- £rnu,chat there »st tuNstien eMirrff«cvra,Ea/^. Werth or South, unto whom the Sun ef the G^jf>*lhad ^ ihined. And Gregory Nyffen fayi, that the jolpel hn / heen fpread net enly in the whole Continent^ knt in every l/land alfe. And, in lAter Timet, feveral Writert have afleried to the fame Purpofe. Thut OJiande writing of FilagagnOt and hit plancing at Brsfitt writes pofitively and cunfidenrty, nrithowt Denht theft Pec pie reeeived the Gejpri of CHRIST hy the Preaehing of the Apotllet tffio Tears Jtnee, But, when we have better Proofs than merely human I, ic muft certaioly be fit end right to give thejS the Preference. Now the Evangelift M^rk infermtot, in Chap, xvt to. that TLeyt the Apoftict, toent forth and preached every where, the LORD working with them, Uc. i. e. They went, and performed, according to the Divine DireiiUon. And the Apoftle Paul afluret us, in Golof, i. «|. The Gofpel ye have heard^ which wms preached to every Creature, which it under Heaven, &c. And aa He leu ut know, in Rom. i. t. that the Faith of ihe^Romtiti was pnhiilbed in all the Workl 1 fo He sells the Colofiam mofl plainly and expreAy, as inCoL i. 6. thM the IVord ofTruthjhe Go/pelt was come nto0 only to them, hut in all the World, amd bringeth forth Frmt, &c. And our Apoftle telh us, in Rom. x. 1 8. that, according to the ancient Prophecy of them, i. e* the ApolUes, their Smud mmt inta all the Earth, and their ■^ '^..5°?*^ '^y^'i *'' t i4 I M«> Words to the Ends of the World. Ao'd indeed; if one Apoftle/r0m Jerufalem and round about even ti illyricum, fully treached the Gofpel of CHRIST, 6r /illed up tke Gofpel of CHRIST j lo that all the Places between Jerufaltm and Illyricum^ and round about ihem, were fully gofpeliztd by Him, as in Rom. xv. 19 t we may reafonably think, that the reft of tbi Apofiles with the Sevinty Difciplesi being alike indu^' rious and faithful in the Work oi the Lord. rciu(t fully preach the Gofpel even throughout the whole World. But, if we think further with Eufebius, that, befides the Twelve Apo Sties, and the Seventy Difcipies ; there were more ApoSfles and Difcipies : Which he gathers from that Paifage of the Apotlle Paul, in 1 Corinth. kv. 6. After that, he was feen of above five hund- red Brethren at once \ of whom the greater Part re^^ main unto this pre fent \ but fome are fallen afleep : (w) Then there mud be above two hundred and fifty Brc' tbren, befides the twelve Apoftles and the Seventy Dif- ciples, who bad feen CHRIST, and could atteft to the Truth and Certainty of his Refurre^ion, and fo to th6 Divinity of his Religion : And a confidcrable Nuoibef of tbefe might come to our WeSfLm World. An4 fo Amertca muft have been filled up with the Gol^l, according to ouir A][)oftle*s ExprelHon . Some indeed have infifted on it,that thePaflages con- cerning the. Gofpers coming inalttbi: World, andgoin^ ii:to all tbeEartb,za6 the like,on1y intend and mean thi RomanEmpire, But if they will wreft thefePaffages to t.his vSeniis t it feem$ hard to force that Paflfage m the Epiftle to the Coloffians, above-cited, to that Mearjng that the Gofpel was preached to every Creature, thaf b, to "^very Miin «»i^«r Heaven, We do not now therefore concern ourfelves fomuch U^bo were tbi bringirf of the Cofpd to''tbis American Woria i (va) Eufth. Eccitf. Hift. Lib. i. Cap. 13'. Id. An'd indeed; md about even ti of CHRIST, 6r that all the Places nd round about . , as in Rom. xv. t the rest of the Htng alike indufi- I Lord* muft fully le whiole World. hius^ that, befides Difciples \ there Vhich he gathers «/, in 1 Corinth, ibove five hund- greacer Part r#- f alien afleep : (w) red and fifty Bre- d the Seventy Dip- ould atteft to the oit and fo to the iGderable Nuoibef mrld. An4 fo with the Gol^l, 9. It thePaflages con- ff^orldt andgoin^ itend and mean thi ft tbefePaffages to lat Paflfage in the , to that Meagng ery Creatutet thaf lourfelvesfomuch f to'this American World } Cap. 13'. [ «5 ] World : But we think, that there is Reafon to affirm from Oivine Authority, that it was brought here by one or more of the Apoftlesand Difciples an J many Brethff ?n,aW produecd Fruit, And therefore this Con- tinent tnuft be certainly known to thcfe firil Preachers cfth. Gtfpel in it r And from them, without Doubt the Faith «of the Americans was publifhed in all the other World. TJjcre is then, alas I too much Reaftn tobeHeve,that this Wenemmrld finned away the Gofpel : And why Ihould this be thought ftrange and incredible with us \ ^hcnAfrica, which for feveral Hundreds of Years after our Saviour*s Time, was enlighined with the Gofpel ahd filled with Chriftian Societies, is now involved gen- erally in Mahometan Glooms or Pagan Darkneffes. But however we have good Grounds for hoping; I'^i* H'^J^'^ff^ '^n^ Religion of JefusmW recover their loft PoflTcffion, and gain a more wide and extenfive Spreading, than has yet been knpwn in the later Ages and Generations i For it is foretold by the Spirit of Prophecy, in Habak. ii. 14. which we thus read ac- cording CO the Original Hebrew, The Eatth /ball be fitted to know the Glory, JEHOVAH, as the fVatm /ball eover upon the Sea* Now the LORD GOD ALMIGHTY grants that tbts whole Continent, as well as the Old World, may find the fulleft and moft perfeft Accomplifhment of this good Word, on which He caufes the Hearts of his People /• hope and reft : And may all the People of ih9 World unite in laying, AMEN. \ ^. t 26 ] I An a P P E N D I Xj Concerning THE AMERICAN COLONIES, AND I O M e LATE MANAGEMENTS acSaiust thei^. 'Regna^ cum SceUfe, omnibus 5»«/ Exilus graviota. Sewbca, in TbtP, Aa. 4. — iViiw ubi mores deteriores increbefcunt in dies \^ Vbiqutt Jmici qui itifideUs M* nequeas pernofctre } Vbique eripiatur animo tuo, quod pUaat maxime % Jbi quidem,fi Regnum detur, turn eflcupita Civitas. Plautvs in Msrtator. AS 5. Seene t* IT may be proper and ad»ifetble to add a few Things here, by Way of Appendix, which couid oo( be fe properly and conveniently introduced in the foregoing Ejfoj. And indeed, as Divine Pro- vidence, without my fceking for it, has furniflied an Oc- $afion for niieolioning fome fit and right Things, with regard to ihcfe American Colonies, and fome late Tranf- aBiont toibw Difadvantage and Wrong j I cannot but Ibink it nS Doty to improve it % hoping, that none Will be troubled or offended with mc for fo doing. For why (houW any one be lo, for taking a fair Opportu- nity to (hew my^Affeffien to m Country, as well as my Good Will and Regard to the Reft of the Colonies f Some hav^ noted, and it is worthy of Obferration, That Colonies, from the Beginning of Thing^ after the VkMdr to thii Day, have been almoft coaOmtfy fed m ■I'^r^.^iw^^f^i^^ ) I Xj COLONIES, mST THEl^. t fbtb, A&. 4* iuntin dies x"^ tas pernofare i \ceat nuutime \ cupita Civitai^ . ylff 5. 5f«M u le to add < few dixt which couid tly introduced id J, as Diww Pro- s furni(hed an Or- {hc Things, with d feme late TranC' )ngi I cannot hot ing, that none Will r fo doing. For g a fm- Opporttf- tryt as well as my \tbeC0l9mtsf y of ObfervBtion, I Thing*, after the oft conftantfy led " ' for* [ 27 1 forth frm the Eaff to the ff^eff, and not in the contra- ry DireAion. And the mentioning of This brings to Memoiy a Remark, that was made by the worthy Mr. 'hremy White but a little while before he made his Ex- it out of the World, When he was alked, What be thought oftbefe American Regions ? After a little Paufc he afked theEnquirer, Whence the wi/e Men came^ wht repaired to Judea, in order to /tew their Refpeff and pay their Homage to the glorious King of the World ? To which QueUion it was anfwered by the Gentleman, at whofe Houfe he then' was. Why, Sir, from the Eafi : Whereupon Mr. White remarked, And let me tell You^ $irt They have been travelling Weft ward everftnce t And then he went on and gave it as his Judgment, that this Part of the World feemed to him to be referved in Providence for the great Seat of Empire and Religi- on and the Theatre of confiderable Events before the End of the World. In t' e publilhed Account, concerning the Ufool this le..>ned and pibus Gentleman, it is related, that, al- though he lived to be near 80 Years of Age, He nei- ther furvived his Reafon, bis Cbearfulnefs, bis Memory, nor bis Honour : And we may fitly add here, that the Remark above mentioned, made by him towards the Clofe of his Lite, Qiewed not only the Penetration ef bis Mind, but the So^ndnfs of bit Judgment alfo : And, as Cieero fays, Dies—Nature Judicia confirmat \ which we may render, 7ime confirm^ the Judgments ofNatwre% or the jud£|ments formed from tht; Obfervation ^f Nature.' And novf Things are tending apace towards the Completion of Mr. Whit(^% Sentiments and Expeftad- ona } and, as we apprehend, to the Fulfilment of fun- dry I^rediftiona in the morefure Word of Prophecy con- ceiiring the Prevalence of the Redeemn's Kingdom in tbi We!t and to the Goings down of the Sun^ and iht fUinil of the Whole Earth with bit Glor^. MH ' 'jpc?*r -f.T>*w»rtT*?«w»'« m\ [ 28 ] Theft Pam of the World feem to have been defigned of Heaven for an ylfylum, a Place of Reft and Refrclli- ment, to thofe, who have been oppreffcd and groaning under the Tyranny of Political ani Ecftefia/lical Poxier t And at Thoufaads and Thoulaods cA Tbefe, have al- ready elcaped out of the Clutches of iheir mercilcfs anc\ cruel Oppreflbrs 1 and found Refpite, Eafe and Com- fort in theft fertile and wholefome Regions ; fo it may be rcafonably expefted, that many tboufands more will voluntarily and chearfully relort here with the fame Views and Inienuons and to good ^ffe^ \ notwiih- ftanding all the Lett and Impediments, which may be thrown in their Way by oppreffive, and ihtieforc wealq and fooliih, Pelitician{ and Pritftf^ But there have been fome Methods uftd, not only of low Art, but of rajb Force and Violence in later Times, to abridge tke Freedoms, and cramp the Im- provements of thefp Colonies ; So that, was the 014 X-aiin Poet Ennius now living, he would wrir^ as h^ did in his own Day, , ^ollitur ( me(Uo Sapientia : Vi gmtur Rn : jWhich may be thus tranflated for the Englifh Reader, ^ Wifdom is taken from if*f^ u/ual Courje : ^kings novf are mana(d by Uiigratcrul Force. The Contrivers and Projecutors of theft Methods of treating /r« Pec fie, .who are entitled to «// the Privir ledges of Britons, ai much as Britons themfelves \ and who, if 1 know them, will, at all Hazards, furely teco^ker and retain theft, maugre all the Counftls and Attempts againft them } the Contrivers and Prcjeeur Ms of theft Mcthcds, w«i fay,jdik>vcr moft egreffi- ous Igrorance of their American Bretfwtn andrtkir Aigbts : And, if 7 bis were all; it might ealily be piti- ed and overlccked. But there kcmi «i the lame Tiine been defign ec] :i and Retrelii- i and groaning afiifal Power i be/Ct have al- r mercilefs anc\ Lafe and Com- >ns I fo it may (ands more wilt with the fame "eft i notwith- which may be ihcieforc weal^ jred, not onljr iolence in latef cramp tbe Im- t was the OI4 i4ld wrir^ as h^ '\$Ur Ra : !ngli(h Header, wje: :erul force, lefe Methods of > itll the Privif IS tbemftlves \ iazards, furely le Counfcls and s and Pr9jeeMr er mod egregi- krtU attdrtk^UT' It eafily be ptti- \ the i^une XvBM [ 29 ] lc aiid . ignominious both to them and their American Brethren t 7> them, that they deprive us of the Rights and Liber- |i^ juilly belonging (q us j and to \SaxaAmm(an Bn^ ~ .- -_ - (hrrn. u.^ i ii.m J J i( W ^ [ 3° 1 thren, who have dearly purchafed them, and never have yet forfeited thrm i but have rather deferved an Addition to them by our Exertioni. And yet tbe Majority of a certain great Aflembly have peremptorily refolved, that Tbey bavt yiuthtrity to mah Laws binding on the Colonies in all Cafes what- foever : So then They thus aflert their Authority, a* mong other Things, to tax us when, and bow, and as pfttn and as mueb as ibty pleafe. Upon which, if it (hould be enquired. By wbat Ah- tbority tbey thus rtfolvtd f And wbo gavt tbem that Autbority ? It is probable, that thev could give ho tp.Sicient and fatisfaftory Anfwer. Certainly the Ame- ricans never gave them fuch Authority } and the Peo- ple of Britain never could give them fuch Authority i For they never had it to give. But it deferves fome particular Notice here, that they were fo cautious and referved as not to fay, that tbey bad tbe Rigbt, or rigbtful Autbority^ to make Jutb Laws : And hence it may very fitly be prefomed, that they kp^ in tbeir own Souis^ tbat tbey bad no fucb Rigbtt or rigbtful Autbority % and therefore th^y would not declare, that ic belonged to them. Many judicious Perfons here are of the Mind, and have often expreifed it, that it would have been beirer if the Majority had not boafled of their abjolute Au- fbority, nor indeed refolved <*ny Tbing at all about it : For, in Truth, the Siting and Re/olving, that tbey bave Jutb Autbority^ is no Proof at all of their being in the rightful Poffeflion of it.*^And the Metbods^ which have been taken for fupporang tbeir afferted Autbority, have no Tendency to produce any Approbation of it, pr real Regard to it. Bm, ikitbe Claim of fuch an Authority by a Briti^ Senate muft be deemed abfurd f^d wrong by the moft Mpderftanding Britons tbenh fehei I -ssiift* n, and never r deferved vn eac Aflembly avt Au$b§rity ill Cares what- Authority* h- d bow. Mild St By what Au' me tbem /bat Duld give ho linly the Ame- and the Peo- h Authority i ice here, that Dt to fay, that ri'/y, to make |r be prefumed, r tbey bad na therefore th^y :hem. the Mind, and ive been betrer ir ahjotute An- t all about \t : ) that tbey bavt eir being in the tetbodst which rted Autbority, robation of, it, tim offuch aa deeoned abfurd J^rifom tbem/T Jehei I '^'^i^ ^ ■*"''dPi'"*i(r***^'*^ I ■ ate ; ^s^a^m t 3' 1 fihti t To tbi rough Managmtnts to fuppoit itiA e* ftablifh it are judged, by tbt Amtritans in general, to be contrary Co Reafon, Right and Equity.— And all ibe Military Force^ which can be fent for its Support^ will only ferve co confirm and eftablifli thefe Colonies in their real Apprehenfions, that wroMg and anrigbti- OMSt as well as weak atidfooli/b, M^afures are ufed with them \ and ^beje, as they think, from fuch ilUberai Atottves, as wife Men will find it very difficult to jufti- fie, or even to palliate* Although it has been readily and cheerfully granted. Chat the Britiftt Houje of Commons have the undoubted Right andjole Power and Authority of tating the Peo- ple, their Brethren, at Home i yet we conceive it to be a mod unreafonable and unrighteous Stretch of the Autborityt which is claimed by them, to exerci/e it iu taxing the People of America : — For it is moft fure and certain, that the Ametieaus have ne^er chofen theni for their Reprefentatives } and it is reafonable to think, that they never will ebu/e them as fuch : Becaufe they . cannot well be accountable to them for their public Conduft and Managements } nor can they well be treated by them according to their good or evil De* fervings from chem. The Americans confider it as i;ery di/higenuous to treat them in fuch an unfit and fevere Manner, by i«/- qmtous Laws and rigorous Executions of tbem \ when Theyt efpecially of New England, have at their own Expence fettled a great Continent^ fo much to. the Advantage of Britain, and to our Lofs, in the Way oi Trade atid Commerce \ and by means of which Greai Britain is made ftf wealthy at Hohie, and fp mucti re- fpefted and efteemed by her furroundingNeighbobrs.-^ Nor have they oa\y fettled this vaft Continent^o a coif- fiderable Degiree \ out, by the Expence of much Tred" fure and much Blood, they have muntained the Pof- fiiflioa to the Emolument of Britons i And ^by i It ;>.«l • li I 3^ ] Was all for the fake of enjoying tbofe Rights md PriviUgeSt which are now fcandaloufly begrutched to them, and infirjiQufly and wronglully wrefted froai them. The Cohnifis alfo think, that the Managements • gainft them are impolitic Md imprudent, as well ai dif- mgenuous and unfair : For, if New England alone^ by Divine Providence favouring their Expedition agaioft Louijlurgb in the Year 1745, gave ProteiJion to Great Britain and Peace to Europe i is it not highly proba- ble, that tbeyi with the other Colonies, both may and will be gre^iJy fc^riri^eable in future to their Mother Country, unlefs t$ey be difcouraged and hindred from being To by unkind and injurious Treatment ? And mult it not therefore be foe the Jnterefi of Great Bri- Uin to lighten them of the heavy Burdens put upon them, and not to leave fo much ' as one on them r— • Certainly then it muft be their Wijdom to do this for them. Bcfides, The Americani (incerely think, that the Im- pofitiou and Continuance of fuch Burdens on them is a' direft ard continued Breach of the public Faith : For the Americans, efpecially of the Charter Governments, voere folmnly promijed, that they and their Pofitritf forever fliould enjoy all the Rights and J^rivileges of Engliflmen \ upon Condition, that, at "^^ their own Ex- pence, they v^ould fettle and improve fuch and fuch Territories, as fbould be purchafed by them xnAmerica, Now it is beyond all Dilpute, that the Americans have fulfilled their Part of the Contract : And therefore the depriving of them of the ftipulated Rights and Liberties, and even the Abridgment of thefe, (hould not b^ me- ditated, and much lefs refolved on and execoted, by Chr^fiianized Britons : For even Turks and Pagans would be afhamed to perpetrate ftjth a fham^l Breach tf public Faith : And therefore it may be well and |ta(bDably expcA^, that, wherein theit has been am fuib m 1^ - t Rij^bts mid begrutched to wrefted from JMgements • as well ai dif- land aiontf by 'dttion againft taioit ti Great highly proba- lotb may and their Mothtf hindred from itment ? And of Great Bri- ens put upon on them r— to do this for c, that the tm- ' on them is a ' 'c Faith : For ' Gnernmentt^ heir Pofteritf 'privileges of heir own Ex- fuch and fuch !m xnAmeriea, imerieans have . J therefore the and Liberties, d not bf me- I executed, ty f and Pagans lameful Breach ' be well and ; hat been m [ 33 ] fiuh Thing, or an Appearand •fit, there fliould be kn honeft and manly Refolution not to abide by ic : For fuch a Refolution, inftead of diftioncuring any B idy of Men, would render them more amiable, excellent and ^ufkrious in the Eftimation of the whole World. Moreover » The Colonifts judge, that the Britilb Commont have dealt with them, in their modern Ma- nagements, not accordina to the goUtn Rule of Equity : For certainly the Britifi Commons, were fhey in our SUnathn ikd CirenmJIanees, and We in theirs, wouid tut think^itjujl and right fvr themselves to receive fuch TredtnunJ from us, as they judge proper to givto unco US4 The Akerieani therefore* upon fuch Con(lderation>; is have been mentioned, are ready to exclaim with regard to tiie unfit, unkind and injurious Dealings to- wards them by their Brethren : Oh I the times! Oh! the Manners ! For they think it wrong, that any Men ifaould exert, if they have it, fuch an undue Influence a8/# remove the aneientLandmarks ofEngliftiFreedom, as well as of Truth and Rkhteoufoefs : And they look on ic as anaccountable Wk aftoniOiing, that any fuch Things fliould be aaed, or tamely fuffered, by Great Britain. Yea the CohMfis fcruple not to fpeak (Wt the La4g«|p;e of the tragic Poet in Che ChrfftiaH Hero i 01 ts it not, that Tyranny prevails. And the true End of Government is lofi I that thofe, whojbonld dtfend each in his RighL Betrof their trufi, and/eize upon the fThile I this, this is to rebel againfi that Poveer, By which Kings reign j and turns the Arms of Againft itfeify [Heaveit '^hoa a few Thing*, ol tio fmall Importancr, have vm •H?f«4 by Way of Apohgj for the Americans i D - And ■ :• f^ *S«"Vf^'5^fiWt:WV*Tii(w™r' ! iS«? . ' jjl^g^W I W '^4 ).:»: um] i nJ f 34 ] And where ii the Hurt, tr Inproprkcy, of my oVa^ ing this ApvUgy for their Rights ind Libertlet i way more chan in 7«>f<» MtftyX TtrtMiliaifh AthiM^§' ras\ and other Writeri in the primitive Church, ten- dering tbfir Apclcgies for their Chriftian Brethren to the HmaM Empirtrt and Stnates f And, if (bis At' ttmpt, in Conjun^ion wiih thofe of gtbtrSt Ihould mccf witn Acceptaace » and my Country, with the other Colonies, (hould fare in any MeaTure the better for it, it will he a great Comfort to me at the Sitting of nrf Ufi^ and caufe me to quit the Stage with more Com- pofure and Satiafaaion t becaufe dnt ^rtidm is rst- Jtcrtd to America, and there is a emfertakU Projpea of its de/ceHdsng tp our lattft Pofterity. But, if notwithftanding all, that has been fo clearl? and fully, fo rationally and judiciouayv*rgoed ngjainft Che late Innovations, by particular Per fens of variout Order^ jnd by fuch refpeftable Bodies of Men ^ Councils and Kiprefentatives, Might mud be ftill ex- ercired for fubverting and over fowet ing American Right I We think, and are fuily perfuaded, that the gentrous and brave Amicans w'JI be di/pofed and rtr jphea to defend ihemfelfes and ihdr Rights, and prir 'fare in the beft Manner tfiey c.r for doiiig fo : Andt St Things, from un^dvifcd and rafts Nledures ftill ufed, muft be brought to a defperate CHll, the^ CokniMi will make their Appeal to HIM, wheiis higher IMm the ^igheA or fupremeft, on the Earth i whp. « H« aluiajs judges rsjghteoufly^ always ko*th B^gfteoufneft and batetb OpprMon and all Manner of loiqaiiy : And they wUfi^fl ^ndtrua in Hm,asth^aikflJM» Slid Hgbtjtt^ and fucteidip I tor^USftt^ RIGHT ^HIL ' - Intbe mean while owy an EngUfit Amenean^ fajf»- bly so hii Profeifioo and pdblic futineft, be altoWfl«;to cali upon aU hii Amerieau Brithrtn, while wdeavpttiiM /• do that Duty tt their qOD dud their ttng, « wdl I *i of my oVsi^ jberciet i Mf Church, ten- 1 Brethren to 1, if»Mi At- r, (hould mecf rith Che other ; better for it, I Sitthi of my th more Com- Vee49m is rf- tabU Projpta wen fodetrl? rgiiM ng^inR fnu of VAriou» (g of Men 1^ Aft be ftiU ex- ing AmtricM latted, that the ifpofed and rtr ghit, aod^«- Diog fo : /ind, kfuStftiHufed, I, the OhtiiMt uki^ber mm \\ whio, u He ^* t{igbuoufiufs ImqMlif : And m BRIGHT fmericaih ruiiip I, be aUow«4co leeodeavoun^l kr tingt Mien •I W [ 35 ] pi tbmfihtt mid tMr Omitn, m all RefpeAi aod fa? ftiDcci, /« ^«7 cnUlMUly MdmiO buwibfy Mdtmm^ ly to the gracious Partnt and fUritvs iprd ^ thi Uwiz wrfi I Tb9u mod Jitfrmt Icvtr und ttirn*! Dht §f JRigbtt andAvtngtr iffFrongs : Sbimjortb, stidsrijtt imd/tir tip ibyStringtb^Md ecmi (^/ave m : MtmUdm fwrCmife ugaiua tbrn^ tbst would JhdvttBitb us : Takt h$U ofSbnid and BnekUr, and flaM^for our Htip ; fvr tur fiilp Js in tboNamo of/bi LORDt *bo modi Hioviu muk,Eartb : Wbirtftrt bilp us, O our CODk andfave ni;tutording to tb^Mtfrey \ and Jay unto us, I am thy Saltation : For we trtfjft in tby Pvwr an4 Mtrey tbiopgb tbttufy Mtdiat9r,owr SirengtbandRt' ^umr : To mlmu bo Qkry tbroiigbouf all jigtt i F„_i,.„:>j ,1 s. '*»-.., , -S'.^'?r"-'"'S-'-:--^?ji f ~^' y ^mmmm