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P» iiy^ jj. 
 
 LAST CENTURY IDENTIFIED AS A 
 BOSTON MAN. 
 
 PHILANTHROPIST 
 
 OF THE 
 
 BY 
 
 ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL 
 
 
f( 
 
 It-! 
 
</ 
 
 I 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 ^ VV 
 
M 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 A PHILANTHHOPIST (IF THE LAST (lENTFRY 
 IDENTIFIED AS A m)ST()N MAN. 
 
 It is iilwuys inte-n'stinj.' to Idok Imck td the Itciritminjis oi 
 thiiiirs, iiiul ill! tliosc who iirt' intcmstrd in the I'diicatioii of 
 the nt'iif-}Ui(l-I)uni)) iiatiiraily desire to know . onu'tliing 
 of the oiiuiii of tiie art in America; and to hiok back to 
 those i)hilantliroi)ists who first ur^ed tlie eduea<:ioii of th(^ 
 deaf in this eountrv, and jjruve us information eonccrning 
 what was <h>ne in earlier times in Europe. Now, the euri- 
 ous fact is found that these earlv phihmthropists ajjpeared 
 anonvmousiy. The results of tiieir efforts have heen very 
 irreat. Today, we have under iiistruetion, in Ameriean 
 Sehools for the Deaf, more than ten thousand deaf ehil- 
 <h'en, who, a few yt^ar-! a<ro, would have been ternu'd 
 " Deaf-Mutes," or " Deaf-and-DumI)." They are no longer 
 deaf-and-dumb, for more than sixty-one jjcr eent. are now 
 taught to speak. 
 
 The first to urge the educatioji of the Deaf in this coun- 
 try, was a wj'iter whose articles appeared in the Boston 
 newspa])ers, I'^nder the pseudonym I*h{lo(Mj)hoK — the 
 friend of the Deaf-and-Duml> — he published in the Xmi' 
 En(ihind Palladium, in 1H()3 (June 14), a card — "To the 
 Reverend the Clergy (of every |)er.suasion and denomina- 
 tion) of the State of Massachusetts" — asking for details 
 concerning the Dejif-and-Dumb within their knowledge, 
 for the puri)ose of obtaining statistics to show that there 
 were in this country a suliicient number of Deaf-Mutes to 
 warrant the estublislmieut of an American School for the 
 
4 
 
 Dfiil. Duriiij; tlio course, of the year 1H0;{, ii iiimilier ol 
 roininimications iroiu this wntcr iippciuvd in the PiilUi- 
 
 il 1 11)11. 
 
 Ill the same year (\m:\) tiie l^ilhidhiia piil.lished a 
 series of jtapers upon tiie De I/Kpee luetliod of instruct- 
 inir tiie Deaf-and-Duinh, uihUm- the tith' : " Kxtraets 
 from letters of tlie ('eleltrated Altl»e De l/Kix'e, writ- 
 ten in 17715, transhited l»y Kraniis (ireen, Ks«|., of 
 Medford." 
 
 On tiie first of XovemI.er (IXOiJ) a sliort note appeared 
 in tlie PoUddiatii, wliieh attatked the aceuraey of tlie 
 statements ma«h- l)y Friineis (Ireen, hy statin<r tliat " the 
 iiH'tliod of instriietin,ir tlie I )eaf-and-l)uml> ascribed to the 
 Al»l)e De I/Epee is now said to liave b'-eii invented hy M. 
 rern^ire, a Spaniard." Wiicrenpon tiie anonymous writer 
 Philocophos wrote a h'tt-r to tlie editors (puhlisiicd \m'A, 
 November 11), in whicli lie defeiicU'd the stut^'Uient made 
 hv Francis (Ireen, and gave a one-column lecture upon 
 the art of instructinjr the Deaf-and-Dunilt. This remark- 
 a!)le h'tter showed that PhUocophaH was a master of his 
 subject: and in it — for the first time in America — was 
 brought together, by title and by specific reference, nearly 
 the complete literature of the world relating to tlu' educa- 
 tion of the Deaf-and-Dumb. I say " for the first time in 
 America," be«'ause a very similar list had appeared at an 
 earlier date (1H(U) in a liook published in London, Kng- 
 Ijind,— to which, however, P/tilomp/ios did not refer. He 
 made no mention of the liook, although it was — and still 
 
 is a standard work, from which instructors of the deaf, in 
 
 Hnglish speaking countries, obtiiin their knowledge of the 
 De 1/Kpee method of instruction, and of the early works 
 relating to the education of the Deaf-and-Dumb. This 
 book — like the letter of PhUomphon — vf&ii published 
 anonvmously. It was an English translation of a work by 
 De i/Eiiee, entitled :—" The method of educating the 
 Deaf-and-Dumb : confirmed by long experience. By the 
 
 i^S^Vil jv.r5PiJi^i^^'-\'^P"?^'.'^'^^fti^ 
 
ft 
 
 xVblie l)c I/Ki^oc, trmisiiitcd fi-oin the Fr<'Mcl» iiiid liiitiii, 
 
 Tlic triinsliiti(»ii was icpriiitcd in Kn<rliiii(l l>,v Arrow- 
 smith in lHl!t'; uiid in Aiiu'iicii. I>v tli« Aiiien'nni Annalx 
 nf the JJmf, ill iKt'.O (Vol. XII., pp. 1-1 ;{-^). 
 
 Tlu' anoiiyinous truiishitor, in liis pivfiico, bnhijrlit 
 (((•M'tlu'i- tlio titlos of nnirly nil tlic curlier !»ooks and 
 articles rolatinjr to the cd neat ion of the Dcaf-and-Dnnih ; 
 ,i,„l vet — liUo riiHontphos — he oniittod from his list an 
 earlier and well known hook. Tins work was entitled :— 
 "Vox ()«-nlis Sid)joeta; — A Dissertation on the most 
 curious and important Art (»f Impartinj.' Speech and tlu- 
 Knowledjre of Lanjruaire to the natm-allv Deaf and (<'on- 
 se<|uenUy) Dumb: With a particular Account of the 
 Academy of Messieurs Hraidwood of Hdiid»ur<;h : and a 
 Proposal to perpetuate and extend the henelits tlu^reof. 
 Written by a Parent. London, 17S;{." 
 
 To this book the world is larirely indebted for its 
 knowledjje of the celebrated academy of Messrs. Thomas 
 and .lohn Braidwood, of Hdinburjrh, opened in 17(50, 
 where Deaf-Mutes were successfully tau<,dit to spc ak and 
 to understand speech by watchinjr the mouths of others. 
 It also irives us our chief information of the early Kn<>lish 
 writers upcm the subject; and, indeed, to the author we 
 are indeJ)ted for the preservation of nuuh that had been 
 written in Knjfland in the seventeenth century ; for he 
 (Uioted voluminously from the early writers. 
 
 To Dr. Joseph V. (fordon. Superintendent of the Illinois 
 Institution for the Deaf-and-Dumb, we are indebted for 
 the discovery that the Translator's Preface of the De L'Epee 
 translation of 1«()1, contains internal evidence that it was 
 written by the author of "Vox Oeulis Subjecta"; and t«. 
 Dr. Samuel A. Green, l..i))rarian of the Massachusetts 
 
 ' See " The Art of iiiBtiuctiiiK the Uifaiit <leaf & iliitnl) " by .lohii I'auneefort Ar- 
 rowBinith, Loiulon, 1H19. To whi.h in annexf.l the " metho.l of e.hiciitint; mutes of 
 a in..re mature age which has l.eeu i.ractise.l with so much success on the con- 
 tinent by the Abbe de I'Epee." 
 
 ■*;'V 
 
 "^i 
 
llistoiinil SdcicJv, we iir«' iiidclitcd loi" the intonn.itinn 
 tlmt " Vox Ociilis SuhjtTtH" \va> written It.v liis kiiisiimii, — 
 Kniiicis (Jn-cii. ol Mcdtnid. Miissiicliiisctts (tlic siuiif who 
 piililiNlicd triiiisliitioiis troiii Dc I/K|k'(' in llic New Kn-rlund 
 l\illiiil!ii,ii, in ISO)')). — iind tliiit Francis (iiwii wiis uUo 
 tlic nnon\ iiions writer I'hllntophos. 
 
 Dr. (irt'cn also iniidf known tlic tiict tliat Kriincis 
 (irccn left nil iinloltioiiiiipiiv, wiiicli still exists in the 
 l»oss«'ssion ot u ^'riuidson, ('oiniiiiin<ler Knincis M. (JreiMi, 
 of tlic I'liited States Navy. Tisis nnimhlislied auto- 
 l»io<rrai»liy, in the handwiitin^' ot Francis (iroon himself 
 
 (\vi-itt«'ii in l«»»tl) — conliriMs and verifies the conchisioii 
 
 that Francis (Jreeii, — /'/u'hxo/i/tos — the author of the De 
 I/Hpce translation of ISOI — and the author of "Vox Oculis 
 Suhjccta," ' were one and the siinie |»eisoii. 
 
 Francis (Jreeii was horn ill Ilostoii in \li'2. In 171"), 
 hisfiither (lienjainiii) accoinpanied Sir William Pepperroll, 
 as his pri.ate secretarv, to Cape Hreton, and after the fall 
 of L(niisl)ur<r he remained in that city, holdin«; official 
 positions, and later he received a ^■ovornment appointment 
 at Halifax, N. S., where he settled iiermanently with \m 
 fainilv. Francis, however, spent a portion of his school 
 days in Hoston. He was a i>upil in Mr. Lovell's school, 
 and at the a«ic of fourteen years entered Harvard Collo<>e. 
 The followin|L>- year, 17')7, his father havin;>- provi(msly 
 purchased for him an Hnsipi's commission in the British 
 ariiiv, he was ordered to his rcifimeiit, where he served for 
 some time. He received his dejiree at Harvai'd in 17(J(), 
 and in 17l>('> sold his «-()mniission in the army, returned 
 t(» Boston, married his cousin, Susanna (dau,i»hter of 
 the well-kiiow'ii patriot Joseph (iieeii), and cstnhlished 
 himself as a meirhant in that <'ity. Ho was an importer of 
 t>-eneral merchandise. He owned a vessel " The Susanna," 
 
 I A I'oi'.v "t " Vox Oi'iiUs Sul>jeitii," .iHitaiuliiK iiiaiiy notes in the Imnilwritln); 
 of rniiicis (im!i!, may bo fountl in tlie Volta Hiireaii for Mm IncrcaKC and IJllTuslon 
 of Knowledge relttUng V the Ue-f, ;i5th and U Streets, Washington, D.C. 
 
\vlii<'li \)\m\ \n'twcvn Boston ivml LoikIoii, iiii«l liis Imsiiicss 
 «'xt«'iuhMl to sovcnil of the N«'\v Kn^'liuul coloiiitvs. He liud 
 tivt^ cliildn^i : two died in iufant-y. Hv ii second niiiriia;j:f 
 lie hud si\ children. Tho youngest of these, Mathews 
 Wvily (ireen, was the father of Coniumnder Francis M. 
 (Jreen Ix-fore mentioiu'd. As his political prejndices wen^ 
 not in strict ac«'oi'd with those of .lohn llancc.ck, Samuel 
 Adams, an<l otluTs, hut wt'ic more in sympathy with the 
 loyalist party, he removed fnnii Boston when (ien. Howe 
 evacuated the town, and for several years he appears to 
 hav(^ been somewhat of a wanderer, llis wife died in 
 177,'>. In 177»i he was in Halifax, N. S. In 1777 Ih^ 
 was in New York. Here he lost one, of his little boys Ity 
 accident; the child was shockin<rly burned and died in a 
 few hours. In 177S Francis (ireen was proscribi'd and 
 banished, and in 17H0 he went to Kufrland. His oidy 
 living son, ('harles (ire(Mi, was deaf and dumb; and in 
 February, 17«(), when about ei<;ht years of ajre, he was 
 l)laced under the instruction <tf the celebrated Thomas and 
 John Hraidwood, in Kdinbur<,di, Scotland. The Braiciwood 
 Academy had then been established for about twenty years, 
 and had become famous all over the world for its successfid 
 instruction of the deaf and dumb. In May, 17H1, Franc 
 (rreen paid a visit to Ediid»ur<;h to see his son ; and tlu 
 little boy, anxious to exhibit liii accomplishments, eajrerly 
 advanced and ad(hessed him by word of mouth : — " How 
 do you do, dear Papa 1 " We may imajrine the father's 
 sur|)rise and delifrht. " It exceeds the power of words," 
 says Francis Green, " to eonv(^y any idea of the sensations 
 experienced at this interview." He remained in Edinbur«.di 
 for about six weeks and was every day at the Academy. 
 He wrote a letter from London to his friend, Mr. Richaid 
 Bagley, of New York, describing his visit and the im- 
 pression made upon his mind by what he saw . This letter, 
 although written in 1781, was not published until 1804— 
 tw<?nty-three years after its date — when it appeared in a 
 
 ;. 'II 
 
 v: V' 
 
 -M 
 
8 
 
 t" 
 
 iiio<li«'al jouriml (Imt witliout the writer's iiiinie), as an 
 article "On tea(lii'i*r tlie Deaf to uiiderstaiKl Iian<ruaf«e aiul 
 tile Diuni) to Speal\." ' Tliis arti»'lc, ultimately, after 
 many years, had an infliience on the foundation of the New 
 York Institution for the Deaf and Dunilt. 
 
 !n 17H2 Francis (ireen ajriiin visited his son at the Hraid- 
 wood School, and was •rroatly surprised and gratified by 
 (he progi'ess he had mnO •. During his visits to Kdinhurgh 
 Francis (Jreen had become aware of the faet that large 
 numbers of deaf children had lu'cn denied admitt'Uice to 
 the school because their i)arents were unable to pay foi' 
 their instruction ; and he soon conceived the idea of 
 establishing a ('haritalde Institution which should furnish 
 free instruction for the deaf. This was the motive that led 
 him, in 178/5, to publish his book, "Vox Oculis Subjecta," 
 in which he developed his plan for a |)id»lic institution in 
 London to be supported by subscrijjtion. IIc^ was aware 
 of the fact that schools for the education of the deaf had 
 arisen in various countries during the preceding centuries, 
 and tliat these schools had perished when their founders 
 died ; and he was disturbed by the thought that the Hraid- 
 woods, "the j)reseiit professors of this art, like !>!l other 
 men ' wlK)se breath is in their nostrils,' may be suddenly 
 taken away before any successors are duly iiualiticd." 
 
 "To render this art universally successful," he says, " it 
 is necessary that some ingenious young mi^i should i)e 
 instructed and (|ualiHed to assist and succeed the present 
 professors, and that a fund should be established under 
 the direction of proper nmnagers, to be ai)plied to the 
 l)ui'pose of educating those whose parents are altogether 
 unable to defray such expense, and to assist others who 
 <'an afford a part but not the whole, by whiv-h means all 
 the deaf, however scattered, might be collected and taught, 
 
 ' See "Tlie Medical Uepository, & Keview of Aiiierican I'ulilicaiionK in Medicine, 
 Hniuery, and the Anxlliary Biiindies of ,S<!lence." N. V., lWt4, Vol. II. (for May, 
 •lime & .Inly), pp. T.'l-Tr>, The article haH lieen icpuliliMhed in the Aumiviiition 
 ttviieir, Mt. Airy, fhiUulelphiu, Feb., lautt, Vol. U., pp. tiU-»8. 
 
 A 
 
 » * W-l ' Wg!»<l'lVii»* il^ H *' M I«^ '* ' '' ' ' ' '' l ll 
 
9 
 
 M wMi onwriMYTi«i-r>^ 
 
 line), as an 
 miruajic aiul 
 atoiy, after 
 of tlic Now 
 
 it tlu' Braid- 
 gratitiod l»v 
 ) Kdinhuriili 
 
 tliat large 
 linitt'UU'o to 
 
 to pay foi' 
 tlio idea (»t 
 )u!d furnisli 
 tivo that !(>d 
 s Sultjecta," 
 istitution ill 
 ^ was aware 
 lie deaf had 
 ig conturifs, 
 'h' founders 
 it the BraicU 
 ke ;•!! other 
 he suddenly 
 liHcd." 
 he says, " it 
 1 should \}o 
 the present 
 islied under 
 |)lied to the 
 e altogether 
 
 others who 
 h means all 
 . and taught, 
 
 ioiiH in Medicine, 
 
 ol. II. (for Miiy, 
 
 the jHnmiiilloii 
 
 
 and consequently rescued from certain ignorance, from 
 idleness, and from want, as well as e\ery defect in speech 
 (however inconvenient and violent) rectified." — Vox 
 Orith's SuhjeHu. 
 
 To the great disai)i)ointinent of Francis (Jreen, the 
 Braidwoods did not take kindly to his well-meant plan for 
 the perpetuation and extension of their system, and j)re- 
 ferred to <'-o about it in their ovii wav. They moved their 
 private school from Hdinlmrgh to Hackney, near London 
 (17S3); and succeeded in creating a family monopoly of 
 the whole art of instructing the deaf in (Jreat Britain, 
 which lasted at least until the year IHl"). Teachers were 
 even placed under heavy Iionds to keep the methods of in- 
 struction secret. The Braidwoods piil)lislH'd nothing, and 
 indeed, as Francis Green remarks, "so far from allowing 
 ^iie world at large the knowledge of their advances or the 
 benefit of their improvements, have rather, like Perrcire 
 and IIeini«'ke, been (bsirous of keeping them in obscvirity 
 and mystery ; and (to borrow the comparison of a recent 
 writer upon an occasion not very dissimilar) ' like the 
 Jewish Talmudists, who tlealt in secret writings, of allow- 
 ing no i)ersons to lie pi'ofessed praHtcaJ miijurers but the 
 Saidiedrim themselves.'" — De V Epee, traitslaHon of 
 
 1801. 
 
 Francis Green was wofully disappointed witii the liraid- 
 woodfannly: ami in 1 7H4 he returned to America and 
 took up his residence near Halifax, X. S. He retired t«> 
 his farm at Cole Harbor and became Higii Sheriff of the 
 Countv of Halifax. Here his <leaf son, Charles, joined 
 him, after complcsting his education al tlu^ Braidwood 
 School. He did noc long, however, enjoy the pleasure of 
 his son's society, for, in less than a year after !iis returr, 
 the young man was accidentully drowned at Cole Harbor 
 while engaged in shooting. His death occurred in 17«7 
 (August -i!*)- I" November following, his father resigned 
 the otHce of high sheriff, and for several years afterwards 
 
10 
 
 wo Iiiivp no (lofiiiit*^ infonnation corn'OVMinj; him. In 1790 
 tiiid 1791 we find him in Piiriis, Franoe, whore he was a 
 fre<|upnt visitor at the Do L' Epeii School for tlio Deaf and 
 Dumb, whicii was then earried on by the Abbe Sicard, De 
 L' Kpee liavinjr died in 17H9. 
 
 Tile Abbe Do I/Kpee had l)oen a philanthropist after his 
 own lioart^ — a man wlio Iiad devoted his life and his fortmie 
 to the unfortunate Deaf-and-Dumb — a m:in who refused 
 payment for his services, allowing the wealthy to e<lu('ate 
 their own children by othei' teachers, and devoted himself 
 to the poor, without emolument. Althoujjh the inventor 
 of the system of instruction whicli bears his name, charac- 
 terized by the use of a conventional lan<rua<;e of sijrns, 
 De L'Epee was not wedded to anything; save the good of 
 his pujjils. He tau<!:ht them to speak, and to read speech 
 fvoni the inou.ths of others, as well as to conmuuticate by 
 finjror-spelling and si<;ns ; — But the Abbe Sicard had <riven 
 uj) teaching them uttei'anco, conducting their education 
 so'ely by silent methods of instruction, a plan which 
 grieved the kind heart of Francis Green, who had tender 
 recollections of the success attuined in this direction with 
 his own son. 
 
 Returning to Lonvlon, after his visit to Paris in 1790 
 aJid 1791, he became again >mbued with tlu^ idea of estul)- 
 lishing a charitHbUv institution in London for tiie free 
 instruction of the deaf, lie at once set about the under- 
 tiiking, and then found that a few gentlemen had already 
 begun to take steps upon a similar enterprise. Without 
 intpiiring as to how far they were indebte(! to him for their 
 first ideas upon the subject, thi'ough his publication of 
 " V^ox Oculis Sul>jectH" in 17SH, he at once abandoned his 
 own plans, and united with them to bring about the practi- 
 cal execution of their ideas. These efforts were successful, 
 and in 1792, there Avas established in Bermondsey, near 
 London, under the patro.'.age of the Marr|uis of Bucking- 
 ham, the first charitable institution for the education of 
 
a 
 
 \ 
 
 n 
 
 the Deaf-juid-Dunil) ever opened in Enorlisli speakin<r 
 countries. The school stili exists as the OUl Kent Koad 
 Institution in London. Francis (ireen's name does not 
 seem to have been luihlicly »s.sociated with it in any wav. 
 His phihmthropy, however, was of so I)road and <;enerous 
 a character, that he was satisfied with tlie fact of the 
 existence of tlie scliool, without chiiinini; that i)ers()nal 
 recojrnition which was his due. He evidently, how<^ver, 
 was proud of tliis aciiievenient ; for nearly all tiie co))ies 
 of "Vox Oculis Subjecta " which exist in this country, 
 contain a note, in the handwritin<r of Francis (Ireen, 
 facinij the title-pajre, to the foUowinir effect : — 
 
 "P. S. Since the publication of the followinjf a public 
 charitable institution lias been hanpily effected in Kn<>fland 
 under the patronage of the Duke of Buckin<rhani, and 
 other l>enevoleMt chamcters." 
 
 In 1793, we find him a<rain in his Nova Scotia home, 
 and in December of that year, he became First Joint 
 Treasurer f'pro temjwrej oi the Province of No\a Scotia; 
 and in January, 17J)4, he was a))poiiited a Justice of the 
 (lourt of Pleas. In 17}t(5, his lands and buildin<«:s at 
 Preston, Cole Harbor and Dartmouth were i)iu"cliased in 
 order to make a settlement for six hundred Maroons, who 
 had arrived from JamrJca, and now he (h'ternn'ned to 
 return to the 'and of his nativity and to the city of his 
 birth. In June, 1797, he settled in Medford, near Boston, 
 which remained his home until the day of his death. lie 
 visited Kuropc a<rain about the be<;inninff of the present 
 century, and was p'ieved to find that Dc L'Kjwe, the «;reat 
 philanthro))ist, was almost forjrotten, even in his own 
 country, France, althou<;h only a i ',w years had elapsed 
 since he passed away. 
 
 Fmneis Green at this time seems to h.ive formed the 
 resolution of i-eseuinjr from oblivion the writings of 
 De L'Epee. He translated his latest work into English, 
 and published it in London in 1801 ; and after his return 
 
 LofC. 
 
It 
 
 to America ho coiitinucd his hibors of h)ve, by translutin*r 
 iiiid puhliishii)";, thnuijrh the «'<)hinni.s of the New Enffhind 
 Pafladi'um, in ISOii, extracts from the earlier writiiifrs of 
 De L'Kpee, \vhi<-h had not bven reprochiced in tlie former 
 worii. At the same tinie, nnder the pseu(h)n,vm P/n'lo- 
 rnpfios, he nrjred the estal)Iisiimeiit of a school for the 
 Deaf in Ameri«'a. >" 
 
 Duriiifr three years, 1H(»;?, 1804 and 180r>, he continued 
 his pul#lic appeals for an American School for the Deaf; 
 and in 1H(»") he (»ffered to donate for this i)nrpose the 
 protits of a hook he had ti'anslated (Tasso's .Jerusalem 
 Delivered). 
 
 "But" he savs "the phUaulhntpif and clianfi/ of the 
 preserit lera seem to he elhowed off from the sta<re by the 
 predomiiiant speculations of the hankiuij duuiIu, and the 
 universal hisf of lucre. Neither Coiupassinn, IfmiKint'ft/ 
 nor Tasfe nw likely to avail. 'Crencif niiior nuuimi, t/mnif. 
 ipse pecitnid cresci'f/ The lust of Lucre keeps pace with 
 the increase of IVIf.' ' O Tewponi .' O Moves r Oh the 
 Times! Oh the Manners!" — ( Autohio-rraphy, IHOC), 
 
 These seem to have been his lastwio'ds u])on the subject. 
 lie die<l in Medtord, Massachusetts, on the 21st of April, 
 ISOit, without havinjr accomplished the object he had so 
 much at heart. 
 
 In rej^ard to his claims to recoj^nition^ I may sav that 
 Krancis (ireen was the unknown translator of De L'Kpee ; 
 and the anonymous author of " V^ox Oeulis Subjecta : a 
 Dissertation on the most Curious and Lnportant Art of 
 impartinjf Speech and the Knowledge of Lanjjuafre to the 
 naturally Deaf and (conseciuently) Dumb." He was the 
 first to collate the literatiue of this art ; tlie earliest Ameri- 
 can wi'iter ujjon the subject ; the first to lu-ge the education 
 of the Deaf in this country ; the pioneer promoter of free 
 
 ' Cresclt iimor luiiuiui Quantum iiwa |iecunia erevlt. Jurenal, Sat. xlv., 139. 
 
 »Tlii» sui'i'luct statement of liis claims to recognition was prepared conjointly 
 li.v Itr. .liiMepli C, (ionion unil A. Oraliam Hell. See AHsiivititioii Herleir, Vol. 11., 
 pi 61. 
 
« 
 
 13 
 
 schools for the Dent — itoth in En<>;hiii(l and Aiucrica ; the 
 first piuvnt of a deaf thild to plead for the ethieutioii of all 
 deaf ehildreti. 
 
 It inav l»e interestiiijr to know, in this eonneetion, that a 
 tablet has been erected to his nienjory " By the Parents of 
 DtMif ('hildren in his native City," in the porch of the 
 Horace Mann School for the Deaf, ITS Xewlmry Street, 
 Boston, Mas.-sachusetts. ' 
 
 ' Kor fiiitluT details CKmeriiinit Kraiipis ({reen, liiri iiiiblicutiimH, anil luliors for 
 the Deaf , 8ee Tin .tssitviiilinn R<riiw,iin eiliicatiiiiial iiiatraziiie |iiilili.slie<l by the 
 American Assoeiatlon to I'rotniHe the Teacliinn i>f Speech to the Deaf, eilileil by 
 Frank W. Booth, Mount Airy, niilailelphia I'enn., Vol. 11., pp. M-OS; Itn-l.'ti. 
 
 
 
 I 
 
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