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Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film6 d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en ba;i, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cess<iire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. errata to pelure, m d n 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ,>i> \ d r i I I 1 t 'X . -i^ '■■*>.■ JM ^' V 0-^^^®^/^;^,^ OF OA.isrA.r) A. HAND=BOOK MONTREAI. MEETING 1891 -* tm» «- J ■' 18ftl i 1S\ «r E •>. •• •• *M •> -*« •♦^ ^» '» *« >. '« ^. ». ». V »> ». V.>>, «il ---y- ., i, .. ., .. , S/l^ ^i^u ? 'fi.' r< \' " w- mr^m^^m .w .. t. = , s' \ fK-: ^ -/^ ■-r ^ Royal SociEiy of Canada / MONTREAL MEETING, 1891. HAND=BOOK FOR THK USK OF MKMBKRS Ax\D VISITORS GIVING THE RULES OF THE SOCIETY, ITS HISTORY, AND A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF MONTREAL WITH PLACES OF INTEREST IN ITS VICINITY. 27TH NIAV, 1801. COMPILKD BY THK lyOCAL Co.^IMITTEK. " 1091. PREFACE. Tlie ruiyal Suc'ety of Ciinii<la was fuuiKli'd by (lie Mar<jiiis ot'Lonio ill 1882. llithorto itsamuiul iiioetiiiLCs Irivoli^Tii huM ill ( )tt:iwa. Last year the Natural Hist«»ry So-icty of Montreal invited the Society to moot in tliis city, and tlie invifati<»ii hav- ing been accepted, citizens' committees were api'ointed to make the iieccssai'y preparations for the reception and enteitiiiitnciit of the Society. It was tliought well that a Manna] of the Uoyal Society, giviiiu' the main i'act- as to it> origin, objects and operations, should be comj)iled and printeil, and to this end a sub-committee, c msisting of Dr. Bourinot, C.M.<i.. lion. Secretary of the Society; Pr.»f. PenhaHow, H.Sc., and Mr. John lleade, was constitutxl at a meeting of the General Committee, in December. The Printing and Publisji- ing Committee also undertook to prei»are a historical and descriptive sketch of Montreal, for the benefit of the visitor.-, the t isk being entrusted to Mr. 11. AV. MeL icldan. Tlie two- fold result is the i»re>ent Utile volume, whieli, it is lioped. will prove acceptable to tho^e for wliom. it is intenled. CONTHNTS. Pack I'hc Koyiil Sticit^'ty of Caiiaila : — Foiuided by tlif Man|uis of Loiiio... ............ 5 The Provisional Council Iiiaiigiiratioii - First Meetin<; - o '^ < . ^ Recognized l.y ihc Queen .nd Catiadian Parliament Id Act of Incorporation ^ Iq Regulations j^. Afliliated Societies .)(j Tlie Society's Work ;.^l Recognition by Learned Foreign Societies 33 Circulation of the Transactions 35 Precedents in England and Australia 3(j Relation to the State ;^g Officers of tlie Society and Sections l.'^82-0l 40 Membership by Sections in 1882 43 Deatli of Members, 1882-1891 ] 4,3 List of Members, 1890-91 .,.. 4«] Retired Mem bers -^^ List of Presidents /^^ Officers for 1890-91 ...*...".'..'.*.*.".'. 51 Transactions, 1882-91 , Contents of 52 Montreal, Historical Sketch of 79 Public Libraries in Montreal 88 Societies in Montreal affiliated to the Royal Society of Canada yi Art in Montreal 95 Historic Buildings in Montreal , , 97 The Towers, poem by the late Mrs. Leprohon 9 a A 6 C0N7ENTS, <^'iiMteau.le Haniozav. . . . Bonsecour.s Church .'...*' .' • lOO '"^f- Gabriel Strecf Church '"1 Xelson's MoMuuic.K I02 'nic McTavish MoMuu,(-nV.V.V. If»2 i^nvafoHuu.es oftho()MRrM.n,;e : ^''^^ ^ ^^t-Con(p,ost House,< . " 1 0,3 Educational Institutiohl 103 Places of Historic fntore^t'" 105 [^^olocryofMontroMlan.lVieiniu' ^^^ 'x'funy of Montreal .. Ilfi Entertainments an.l Excur^ion^ ^^1 Citizens' Conmiiitees,... 129 I:u THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA is\fc|[^^-^^^ ^'^*y'^^^ Society of Canada owes its exist- I eiice to the thoiighilnl incerest of Lord ■ ^^.^^...^ Lome in the intellectua u oi^Tess of Canada Ihe movement out of which its organization arose was inaugurated in LS8L Ah'eady its enlightened founder hal established a Canadian Academy of Arts for the encouragement of design as applied to painting' sculi»tilre, architecture, engraving and the industrial arts,' and the promotion and support of art education. The' success which had attended the formation and early pro- ceedings of this institution led his Lordship to believe that a national organization which would be to science and literature what the academ\' was to art would be of real service to the cause of the higher intellectual culture I! THE ROYAL SOCIE'IY OF CANADA in tlie Duininioii. After consulting with the holding men of science unci letters, hoth French and English, his Lordship invited the gentlemen whom he had designated as provisional officers of the pro})Osed organization to meet in Montreal. The meeting accordingly took place on the 29th and 30th of December, 1881, and thereat a memorandum from Lord Lorne on the subject was read and considered. A provisional basis was then agreed uj^on for the con- stitution of the new society, the hrst mec^ting of which took place at Ottawa on the 25th of May, 1882. The Governoi" General (Lord Lorne) had invited the mem- bers of the ])rovisioual council to Government House for the settlement of the procedure, and the arrangements proved entirely satisfactory. The Council consisted of Principal (now Sir) J. W. Dawson, (J.M.G., LL.D., F.R.S., President; the Hon. P. J. 0. Chauveau, LL.D., Docteur es Lettres, Vice-President ; and the Presidents and Vice-Presidents of sections : J. M. Le Moine, Esq., and Eaucher de Saint Maurice, Esq., first section ; Dr. (now Sir) Daniel Wilson, E.E.8. E., and Goldwin Smith, Esq., D.O.L., second section ; Dr. T. Sterry Hunt, F. U.S., and CliJirles Car[)inael, Es(p, third section, and Dr. A. P. C. Selwyn, F.P.S., and Dr. George Lawson, Ph.D., fourth section ; J. G. Bourinot, Es(j., F.S.S., Honorary Secre- tary. All these members of Council were present except Dr. Goldwin Smith, then absent in England- \ i I HAND-BOOK, hi s At the general business meeting, held in the railway committee room, Parliament Building, Ottawa, on the morning of the 25th of May, the Honorary Seei-etary read the Couneil's report, the recommendations of wliich w(U'e afterwards embodied in the cliart(U' and constitution of the Society. The public inauguration of the Society took ])lace in the Senate Chamboi", at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. The members of the Society hjiving been for- mally presented to the noble Founder, His Excellency set forth the aims of the Society, and expressed the hope that its creation would promote the intellectual devel- opment of the Dominion in the higher ranges of thought, letters and research. '* Imperfections," said his Lord- ship, " there must necessarily be at first in its constitu- tion — omissions in its membership and organization there may be. Such faults may be hereafter avoided. Our countrymen will recognize that in a body of gentle- men diawn from all our ])rovinces and (ionspicuous for their ability there will be a centre around which to rally. They will see that the welftire and strength of growth of this association shall be impeded hy no small jealousies, no carping spirit of detraction, but shall be nourished by a noble motive common to the citizens of the republic of letters and to the students of the free world of nature, namely, the desire to ])rove that their land is not insen- sible to the glory which s[)rings from numbering among its sons those whose success will become the heritage of mankind." 1 8 7 HE R YA L SOCIETY OF CA NA DA The President, in liis address, mentioned some of the reasons which, in his ojnnion, justiticd the institution of siicli a body in Canada. If the idea had been broached in the past, it liad be(?n abandoned owing to obvious difficulties. ]>ut it liad at last presented itself under happier conditions which gave fair ho})es of success. It was fitting that the representative of a Sovereign, whosti rule had been so favorable to culture and research in the United Kingdom, should show himself the patron of letters and science in the new world. Tht; time, moreover, was auspicious. l*olitic(d consolidation had been draw- ino' nearer to each other the once scattered and isolated scientific workers of the North American provinces. Such a society would be to them a bond of union and sympathy, and by the interchange of ideas would sup- ply a needed stimulus to men of kindred pursuits. It would, by the j^'blicition of its Transactions, be of incalculable beueiit to Canadian naturalists, hitherto so largely dependent on foreign aid for placing the results of their labours, in a wortby form, before the world. As a centre of literarv and scientific effoi-t, it would, with- out interfering with the claims of older local societies, be of very real help to them. Comparing Canada with other countries, the President thought it was rather matter for surprise that so many })ersons amongst us had won dis- tinction in the paths of research and of letters than that there were not more. Finally he spoke of the great HAND BOOK. lespoiisiliility of tlic inciiibcis, and lie IuijxmI that by rariH'.'^t and iiiiiti d ef'tnit tbcv would ]»r(>V(* tlieins(dve.s deserving- of tlie name to wliieli they as])ire(l. The Vice- President M3t loith in Fiiiuli, willi liis cnst( unary urace of styh', tlic inttdh'Ctnal ]»roL:V('S8 that Canada had already aehicved, dw(dlin,Li- esjiecially on its literary, as J)i'. DaAvson h;id d\V(dt on its scientific asjiects. He trusted that the Koval Societv would ])r(»\'e a connnon nieetin^ i>i'ound not onlv i'or scientific and literary woikcrs, hut alsf> for the culture of tlu; two on-at races wliose lot was cast together in this broad I)oniini(»n. The Society then sc] aratcil into sections. Fifty-six ])a]iers, endiracing nearly all the de})artnients of research, were either read or jii'i'sented at the fiist meeting, and of these thirty-three were jmblished in tlu^ Transactions, de- ferring a year later t(< the general results of the meeting t^ir William Dawson was able to express a high degree of satisfaction at what had sofar l)eeriacconn)lishe(l. " We have occasion," he said, " to congratulate ourselves on the rece]jtion which our inaugural nu'cting met with at the hands of the public and the newspa]»er press. Kvery- whei'e the institution (»f the Society was recognized as wise and beneficial, arid if any doubts were exi)ress(Ml with referiuice to it, they wt^'e baseil not on hostility to the Society, but on a very natural ditlidence as to tlie ca[)acity of Canada, in its present state of ihnelopment, to sustiiin a body coinparal)le with the great national trz^ 10 7///-; A'OV.IA SOCIETY 01' CANADA societies of other countries. The amount of orimnal work produced at our first meeting was evidently an agiTunihle surprise to many ; and while there was some friendly criticism by which we may hope to profit, on tlie whole our debut was recjarded witli that feeling at once kindly, considerate and ])atriotic which becomes all true Canadians in witnessing any effort, however feeble, to sustain and exalt the greatness of our country." Meanwhile th(i Socii^tv had obtained the recosrnition of the Queen and of the Canadian Parliament. A letter from Lord Kimberley, Secretary of State for the Colonies, dated the .22nd of August, 1882, to the Marquis of Lome, gave the pleasing information that Her Majesty had graciously permitted the Society to be styled "The Koyal Society of Canada." On the 1st of March, 1883, a Bill to incorporate the Society was introduced in the House of Conunons by Mr. Tasse. It was read a second time on the 19th of the same month, and on the 6th of April it was considered in committee, read a third time and passed. It received the royal assent on the 25th of May. The following is the ACT OF INCORPORATION. (46 VICTORIA, CHAPTER 46.) Whereas the ])ersons hereinafter mentioned have, by their petition, represented that a Society called, with the sanction of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen? HAND-BOOK. n u r\ The Itoyal Society uf Canada," has Immmi foiindL'd iti Canada by His Kxctdluiicy the Kit^lit, lloiioiirahlc the, AIai(|iiis of Loriiu, ( rovernor-iieneral of (Janada ; that tliij said Society has been maintained for some months by the petitioners and otliers, and that the objects of the said Society are : first, to encourage studies and investigations in Hterature aud science; secondly, lo ; publish Transactions annually or semi-annually, contain- I ing the minutes of proceedings at meetings, records of the work performed, original ])a[)(3rs and memoii's of merit, and such other documents as may be deemed worthy of publication ; tliirdly, to olfer ])rizes or other I inducements for valuable i)apers on subjects relating to . Canada, and to aid researches already begun, andcariied so far as to render their ultimate value probable; fourth- ly, to assist in the collection of specimens, with a view to the formation of a Canadian museum of archives, ethnology, archaeology and natural history ; and whereas the said petitioners have prayed that, for the better attainment of the said objects, the Society may be incor- porated by Act of the Parliament of Canada, and it is expedient to grant the prayer of the said jjetition : There- fore, Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows : — 1. J. W. Daw^son, C.M.G.,LL.l)., F.U.S., President ; the Honorable P. J. 0. Chauveau, LL.D., Docteur es 12 'I HE ROYAL socir/rv (^f can a da Letlics, Vicc-Pivsident ; J. M. LeMoine, Kscpiire, J)anii3l Wilson, LL.I).. F.U.S.i:., T. Stuiiv Hunt, LL.l)., F.K.S., A. ]{. v. Sulwyii, l.L.l)., F.Ii.S., riv.^sident.s of Sections; Fauchei' d(j St. Maurice, Esquire, Charles C arpnuu '1, M.A., (Jeoi'oc Lawson, rii.J)., TJ..JJ., Vicc- Presidents of Sections; J. (J. liourinot, F.SS., H ary Secretary J. A. (hant, M.D., F.(,i.S., H onoi oiioi y Treasurer; Goldwin Smith, JJ.(AL.:the licvcirend Ahbe Begin, D.D. ; the KeVL'rend Ahhe liois, Na.[)()K'()n Bour- rassa, Fs(|uire, the llevereiid Al)be Casgrain, Doct(Mir es LettreSj Paul DeCazes, Es(iuire, Oscar Dunn, Es- ([uii'c, the Honourable Hector Fabre, Louis H. Frechette, LL.JJ., Na].oleon Leger,dre, Esquire, Fanqdiile LeMay, Esquire, the Honourable E.G. Marehand, dose[»h Mar- mette, Esqinre, the Ilonuurable ]\Ir. Justice liouthier, Docteiir es Lettres, J^enjannn Suite, Es([uire, the Eev- ereiid Abl)e Tanguay, Josei>h Tasse, Es([uire, the Ilev. Abbe Verreau, J3octeur es Lettres, K. Maurice, l>ucke, M.I),, the Reverend ^Eneas ]\[cDonell Dawson, Lieute- naut-CoL)nel G. T. Denison, B.C.L., the Very Reverend G. M. Grant, \).\).^ William Kirby, Es([uire, John Les])erance, Esquire, Charles Lindsey, 'Esquire, the Eeverend W. Lyall, LL.D., George Murray, R.A., the Eev. J. Clark Murrjiy, LL.D., Evan McCoU, E^^icpiire, John lleade, Es(iriire, Charles Sangster, Esquire, George Stewart (the younger), Esquire, Al[)heus Todd, C.M.G., LL.D., J. WatfcOD, M.A., LL.D., G. Paxton Young, HAND-BOOK. U ■V, :e, ;e- 10 re, JO' M.A., C. l)Mill;irnv, (\K., HcrlHTt A. l>;iyiR', Estpiiro, K. J. Chapman, IMi.D., LL.J)., J. W. Chcninian, M.A., E. Dcville, C.K., N. F. Dupuis, M.A., F.K.S.K., Sandford Floiuing, C.M.Cr., C.E., W Fortiii, M.1), G. P. ( lirdwood, MJ)., F. N. (Jisbonic, M. Iiisi. (j.K., K. Haaiud, rh.D., tlui Very KevcieiKrr. E. Ilaniel, M.A., li. J. Har- rington, B.A., Ph.D., (1. C. Ilolfinan, F. I.C., A. John- son, LL.D., J. T. Loudon, M. A., T. Macfarlane, Af. E., J. G. McGregor, M.A., D.Sc., F.K.S.K., L. W. liaih'v, M.A., IMi.l)., Ptobert Bell, MA)., (J.E., F.iJ.S., G. M, Dawson, I). Sc, A.P.S.M., F.G.S., Edwin Gil])in, M.A., F.G.S., J. Bernard Gilpin, MA).. M.R.C.S., the Jleverend D. Honey man, J).C.L., J. M. dones, F. 1^.8., the Kev- erend Professor J. C. K. LatiamuK^., D.I)., J. Maconn, M.A., F.L.S., G. F. Matthew, M. A., Alexander Murray, C.M.G., F.G.S., W. Osier, M.D., W. Saunders, Esijuire, D.N. St. Cyr, Esquire, J. F. Whit eaves, F.G.S., and E. Pamsay Wright, M.A., B.Sc., together with such other persons as now or may hereafter hecomt; members of the Society, to be lu^reljy incorporated un<ler the pro- visions of this Act and the by-laws made under the iiiithority thereof, and th(ur successors shall be and .are hereby constituted a body jtolitic and cor[)()rat(^ by the name of '' The Poyal Society of Canada," lau'einafter called the Societv, and mav, bv anv lei^al title, acciuire, liold and enjoy, foi' the use of the Society, any pro})erty whatever, real or personal, and may alienate, sell and 14 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OE CANADA (lis]))S5 of the same, or any part thereof, from time to time, and as occasion may re(|uire, and other ])roperty, real or personal, may acquire instead thereof; Provided always, tliat the annual value of the real estate held at any one time for the actual use of the Society shall not exceed four thousand dollars. 2. The Society shall not hold any property except as aforesaid, and such as shall be derived from the following sources, that is to say : the life, annual and other sub- scriptions of members, donations, bequests, or legacies made to the Society, and such other moneys or property as may be acquired by and from the ordinary trans- actions of the Society, or may now belong to the existing Society, and the moneys arising from fines and forfeitures lawfully imposed by their by-laws : Provided always, that the Society shall sell and convey any real estate acquired by them under the provisions of this section, within ten years after they shall have acquired the same unless the same be required for the actual use of the Society under the provisions of the next preceding sec- tion. 3. The affairs and business of the Society shall be managed by such officers and committees, and under such restrictions, touching the powers and duties of such officers and committees, as by by-law in that behalf the Society may from time to time ordain ; and the Society may assign to any of such officers such remuneration as they deem requisite. HANDBOOK, 16 4. The Society may make such by-laws, not contrary to law, as they shall deem expedient for the administra- tion and government of the Society, and may rejieal, amend or re-enact the same from time to time, observ- ing always, however, such formalities as by such by- laws, or by the by-laws now in force, may be prescribed to that end, and generally shall have all the corporate powers necessary for the purposes of this Act. 5. The present by-laws of the existing Society, not being contrary to law, shall be the by-laws of the Society hereby constituted, until they shall be repealed or altered as aforesaid. 6. Until others shall be elected according to the by- laws of the Society, the present officers of the existing Society shall be those of the Society. 7. All subscriptions and all penalties due to the Soci- ety imder any by-law may be recovered by suit in the name of the Society ; but any member may withdraw therefrom at any time, on payment of all amounts by him due to the Society, inclusive of his subscription for the year then current, and shall, upon such withdrawal and payment of amounts due, cease to be a member of the Society. 8. No person otherwise competent to be a witness in any suit or prosecution, in which the Society may be engaged, shall be deemed incompetent to be such wit- ness by reason of his being or having been a member or officer of the Society. Il . I 1^ 7 HE ROYAL ::-OCIETY OF CANADA 9. Th(» Society sliall iiiakf? annual reports to tlie Governor-General aiul to both Mouses of I*arlianient, containing a general statenientof the affairs of the Soci- ety, which said reports shall he jnesented within the first twenty days of every session of Parliament. rl As adopted at the opening meeting, and subsecpunitly modified from time to time, the following are the Regu- lations of the Societv : — KF.GULATIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OP CANADA- ^ 1. — Object H of the Society. The objects of the Society are set forth in the pre- amble of the Act of Incorporation, as follows : first, to encourage studies and investigations in literature and science ; secondly, to publish Transactions annually or semi-annually, containing the minutes of proceedings at meetings, records of the work performed, origirial papers and memoirs of merit, and such other documents as may be deemed worthy of publication ; thirdly, to offer IfAND-BOOK. 17 ])rizes or otliov iiulucemeiits foi- valuable papers on subjects relating tu Canada, and to aid researches al- ready begun and carried so far as to render their ultimate value probable ; fourthly, to assist in the col- lection of specimens witli a view to the formation of a Canadian museum of archives, ethnology, archiWogy and natuial history. 2. — Name, By the gracious permission of Her Majesty the Queen, the Society will bear the name of the Koyal Society of Canada, and the members shall be entitled " Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada." 3. — Honorary President and Patron, His Excellency the Governor-General shall be the Honorary President and Patron of the Society. 4. — Division into Sections. The Society shall consist of the four following sec- tions : — 1. French Literature, with History, Archaeology and allied subjects. 2. English Literature, with History, Archaeology and allied subjects. 3. Mathematical, Chemical and Physical Sciences. 18 IHE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 4. Geological and Biological Sciences. The sections may meet separately for the reading and discussion of pajjers, and for business, at such times and places as may be fixed by the sections under the control of the Council. 5. — Officers. The officers of the Society shall be a President and Vice-President, with an Honorary Secretary and a Treasurer, to be elected by the whole Society, besides a President, Vice-President and Secretary of each sec- tion, to be elected by the section. The elections shall be annual. The Council of the Society shall consist of the officers so elected, and of ex-presidents, during three years from the date of their retirement from the office of president, and of such ex- members of the Council, not exceeding four in number, as may be selected by the Council itself. The ex-members, so elected, shall con- tinue in office for three years, and afterwards until successors are appointed. 6. — Members. The Fellows shall be persons resident in the Dom- inion of Canada, or in Newfoundland, who have pub- lished original works or memoirs of merit, or have rendered eminent services to Literature or to Science. HAND-BOOK. 19 ng aud les and control It and and a )esides h sec- shall )fficei\s years Roe of il, not )y the I con- until )oni- pub- have The number of menabers in each Section shall be in general limited to twenty, but may be increased if any section should so desire, in the manner hereinafter indicated. Nominations to fill vacancies in anv Section may be made at any time in writing by any ^hree members of that section, and the nomination papers shall be lodged with the Honorary Secretary, who shall make a record of them. When the vacancy occurs, the Honorary Secretary shall notify the members of the section in which it has taken place, and transmit to each a printed list of the caiididates nominated, together with the reasons in writing for such nomination, at least four months before the annual or any general meeting of the Society. Each member may then place a mark (X) opposite the name of the candidate for whom he votes, and return the voting paper to the Honorary^ Secretary, who shall report to the Council at a meeting, to be held at least two months befori the annual meet- ing, the number of votes obtained by each candidate. Should any of these have obtained two-thirds of the votes of the whole section, the Council shall so report to the Society. Should this result not be attained, then the Council may select one or more of the candidates obtaining the highest number of votes of the section, and cause the members of the Society to be advised of the names of the candidates so selected, at least one month previous to the date of the annnal meeting, 36. i ! 20 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA i ' 1 III ! when the election may take place by vote of the mem- bers present, or the matter be referred back to the section concerned. In any year, when no vacancy occurs in the member- ship of a section, the section shall have power to in- crease its number by electing one new member from among those who have preseated papers at its meetings, which have been subsequently printed in the Trans- actions of the Society. The proposal to elect an additional member shall be made by nominations in the usual manner, but each member of the section shall have the opportunity of voting against the election of an additional member absolutely ; and if the majority of votes be against the election of an additional member, then no such member ^ shall be elected for that year. This clause shall cease to operate as soon as the total number in any section shall have reached twenty-five. 7. — Duties of Members. Members shall sign the regulations of the Society, shall be })resented by the President to the Society at a general meeting of the same, shall attend its stated meetings, or send reasons of absence to the Honorary Secretary, and shall pay an annual subscription of S2.00, or the sum ot $20.00 in one payment, in commutation of the same for life inembership. These payments shall SI t ti t HAND-BOOK. 21 entitle members to receive the Transactions of the Society. Any member may withdraw from the Society, an<l the Society may, by resolution in general session on the recommendation of the Council, L»rant to such member the privilege of retaining Ids title, and his name shall thenceforward be entered on the lists as a retired member retaining title. Any member failing to attend three years in suc- cession, without presenting a paper, or assigning reasons in writing satisfactory to the Society, shall be con- sidered to have resigned. 8 . — Co TTes^^onding Memhe rs. The Society may elect by ballot on proposal by three members, or on recommendation of the Council, persons not resident in Canada as corresponding members. Such persons must be eminent in Literature or Science, and evidence to that effect must be presented to the Society at the time of their proposal or reconnnend- ation. The number of corresponding members shall be limited to sixteen. That in acting under Eule 8 of the Constitution, four of the corres])on(ling members shall l)e elected for each Section ; and the name or names ])r()posed, the names of tlie proposers, and the reasons in writing, shall be announced to the Society through the Honorary Sec- 22 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA retaiy, at least one day before the balloting for any such corresponding member. (Kesolution of May, 1884.) 9. — Meetings. The Society shall hold an annual meeting in such city of the Dominion as it may deterraine from time to time. It may at any annual meeting appoint other meetings to be held in the course of the yeai. The time of holding the annual meeting shall be on a day or days to be determined at the next previous meeting, or, ftiiling tliis, l^y the Council. The offices of the Society shall be in the city of Ottawa, and its meetings shall be held in that city, unless otherwise determined. 10. — Pilfers. The title of any Paper, Memoir or other production, by a member, intended to be read at a meeting of the Society, shall be submitted, together with an abstract of its contents, to the Council, through the Secretary, previous to the meeting at which it is to be read. On its approval, each such communication shall be assigned to the section to which it belonos, and having been there- in read aud discussed, shall be submitted to a committee of the section, and on report of said committee, may be recommended to the Council for publication, either entire or in abstract, in the Transactions of the Society -; HAND-BOOK, 23 • any such 1884.) % in such n time to int other iai . The on a day meeting, 5S of the meetings ermined. eduction, g of the abstract cretary, d. On issigned n there- umittee may be either Society Communications by persons not members of the Society may be submitted by members on the same conditions as their own productions. ' ] 1. — Associated Societies. Every scientific or literary society in the Dominion, which may be selected by vote of the Society, shall be invited by circular of the Honorary Secretary, to elect annually one of its members as a delegate to the meet- ings of the Society, such delegate to have, during his term of office, the privilege of taking part in all general or sectional meetings for the reading and discussion of papers, and to be empowered to communicate a short j statement of original work done and papers published during the year by his Society, and to report on any matters in which the Eoyal Society may usefully aid in publication or otherwise. 12. — Circidatio n of Ti 'ansactions . Copies of the Transactions of the Society shall be sent to the following : — All members who have paid their subscriptions. All Associated Societies. Such foreign Societies as may be selected by the Council. The Lieutenant-Governors of the Provinces of tlie Dominion and Newfoundland. ir 24 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA The niombors of the Privy Council of Canada. The Chief Justice and Judges of the Supreme Court of Canada. The Speakers of the Senate and House of (Commons. The Chief Justice of each Province. The Premier of each Province. The Speakers of the Legislatures of each Province. The Minister or Superintendent of Education in each Province. The Universities, the Library of Parliament and the Libraries of Provincial Legislatures. 13. — Duties of Council. The Council shall manage all the affairs of the Society in the intervals of its meetings, and shall make arrangements for the meetings. It shall meet at the call of the President, Tliree members shall be a quorum. The Council shall report its proceedings at each meet- ing of the Society for sanction. The Council shall have the custody and disposal of rxU moneys, collections and other property of the So- ciety, subject to sanction of its proceedings as above. In the absence of the President and Vice-President, the Council may appoint a temporary chairman, and in the case of vacancy of the office of Honorary Secretary HAND-BOOK. 26 11. eme Court )iiimoiJS. vince. ►n in each it and the rs of the hall make leet at tlie lall be a sach meet- is posal of f the So- above. .-^resident, n, and in Secretary or Ti'easurer may appoint a tempoi'avy Secretary or Treas- urer to hold ottice till the next meeting of the Society. 14. — Duties of the Honorary Secretary. The Honoiary Secretary shall keep the minutes of the Society and Council, and shall conduct their cor- respondence, shall receive and attend to all nominations for members and otiicers of sections, shall keep the lists aud records of the Society, and, under advice of the President, shall attend to any business that may arise in the intervals of meetings. He may, with consent of the Council, delegate any part of his duties to a paid assistant appointed by the Council. 15. — Duties of the Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have the custody of all moneys of the Society, shall keep account of the same, and sub- mit these to the Council at its meetings, and shall receive subscriptions, grants and donations, and make disbursements as shall be ordered by the Council. IG. — Addresses and Special Reports. It shall be the duty of the President, or, in event of his being unable to do so, of the Vice-President, to })repare an address for each annual meeting. It shall be the duty of the President of each section, or, in event of his being unable to do so, of tlie Vice- 26 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 111 I ' ! President, to prepare an address, having reference to the special objects of the section, for each annual meeting. The Society in general session, or any of the sections, with consent of the Society, may ap[)oint committees to prepare reports on any special literary or scientific matters, or on the progress of literature and science, or on works published in Canada, and to suggest such honorary notice as may seem desirable in the case of meritorious works or researches. The ordinary committee of the section shall be limited to three in number, and consist of the officers of the section, or any members that the section may select to make np the number. i;'| 17. — Reading of Fwpern. I. — The representatives of each section in the Council shall be the judges of the papers to be accepted or re- jected. No paper shall be read in any section, at any general meeting of the Society, unless it has been pre- sented, either in full or in abstract, at least three weeks before tlie first day of the meeting, and formally ac- cepted by the Council, in accordance with Rule X of the Society, except by special permission of the Coun- cil. The publication of any paper not so accepted, as having been read before or presented to it, may be dis- avowed by the Society. NAND'/KWK. 27 e to the neetina. lections, tLees to oientific 3iice, or it .such case of limited of the ilect to Diincil or re- t any I pre- v^eeks Y ac- X of oun- ci, as dis- II. — No paper already published shall be accepted by the Society, except in cases where it shall have been entirely recast. III. — A pro,f,'ramme containing th<^. titles of papers to be read shall be printed, and sent to the members of the Society at least one week before the time of meet- ing. IV. — It shall be the duty of the Secretaries of each section to prepare before each day's meeting a list of the papers to be presented to each section, with the names of the authors and the time demanded for their reading. These lists shall be printed and made public each niorninsf before the time fixed for the meeting. 18. — Puhlication of Papers. I. — The anthor shall revise his MS. after reading, to prepare it for the press. II. — The first proof in galley shall be sent to the anthor, and also a revise in galley. III. — The matter shall then be put into page, and a proof sent to the Secretary of the section to which it belongs, who will sign the proof when he has corrected it. Should the author demand it, he may see a proof in page. IV. — The chairman of the Printing Committee or his deputy will sign the final revise, and will see that con- formity in headings and in type is observed. 28 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA ill V. — If the authors of pajun's are to be absent in places not accessible without delay, they shall indicate some person by whom the proofs shall be read; failing which, the Secretary of the section shall be responsible for their reading and correction. VI. — If, from the absence of the autlior, the proof of a paper cannot be read by him, and he has named no representative, and if the Secretary will not read it, the Printing Committee shall not delay the volume for the author's return, but shall omit the paper. V1I.~- All matter in tlie French language shall be read for literal errors by a French proof-reader skilled in tlie typographic art, and familiar with the present usage in France. Rule 11, regarding the affiliation of local literary and scientific societies tliroughout the Dominion, has proved most fruitful in concentrating and developing the intel- lectual efforts of all the provinces of the Dominion. In 1883, twelve societies responded to the Hon. Secretary's invitation by sending delegates. This number has in- creased from year to year, until now there are altogether twenty -four literary, scientific, i)hilosophical, and historical societies represented in the Transactions. The full reports of their proceedings submitted by these orsjanizations of kindred aim are extremelv valuable, as indicating the work that Canada is doing in the various fields of scientific research, historical investigation and HAND-BOOK. litcrjiiy ci'uutioii ur criticism. Some of tlie delegates have contributed records covering the wliole period of their Society's existence — records of undoubted interest and vahie to the future historian of our intelhMjtual progress. The following is a list, in the order of tlieir seniority, of these AFFILIATED SOCIETIES. Literary and Historical Society of Quebec 1824 Natural History Society of Montr(%'il 1827 (Incorporated, 18.*>-,) Institut Canadien, Quebec 184G Canadian Institute, Toronto 1851 Institut Canadien, Ottawa 18.32 Hamilton Association, Hamilton 18.5G Societe Historique, Montreal 1858 Nova Scotia Inst. Natural Science. 1862 Natural History Society, New Brunswick 1862 Numismatic and Antiquarian Society, Montreal. 1862 Entomological Society of Ontario 1863 Ottawa Literary and Scientific Society 1869 Miirchison Scientifi'i Society, Belleville 1873 Nova Scotia Historical Society 1878 Ottawa Field and Nattiralists' Club 1879 Geographical Society of Quebec 1879 Historical and Scientific Society of Manitoba 1879 Society for Historical Studies, Montreal 1885 II ;'i;i; 30 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Corcle Litteraire Francais, Moutrual 1885 Cerclu A. B. C. (Philosophical), Ottawa 1880 Canadian So'jicjtv of Civil En<»ineeis 1888 Wentwoi'th Historical Society, Hamilton 1888 Society of Canadian Literature 1889 Natural History Society of British Columbia, Victoria 1889 Every one of these societies has its special place in the advance t'uardof Canadian enlightenment. Some of the older historical societies, especially those of Halifax, of Quebec, of Toronto, and of Montreal, have [)ub- lished valuable documents, and have materially contributed to the promotion of historical enquiry and the preservation of the ])rovineial and national archives. The younger societies, led by that of Winnipeg, have used their time to like good advantage. The writiugs of Prof. Bryce, of Mr. (j. N. Bell, of Mr. Gerald E. Hart, of Mr. W. D. Lighthall, of Mrs. S. A. Curzon, of Mr. W. J. White, of Mr. Ernest Cruikshank and others, have added to the store of knowledge already amassed by the Earibaults, Murdochs, Scaddings, Le Moines, Vigers, Croftons, Stewarts, Archibalds, Hannays, Verreaus and Babys of the older organizations. In all the branches of science, admirable work has been done by these local societies, and several of them have, through a common membership, enriched the Transactions of the Royal -■■ 'i — iiiim i UM 1 1 1 )1 HANDBOOK, HI .. 1885 .. \)^M') .. 1888 .. 1888 .. 1889 Ll, .. 1889 e in thti e of the luliffix, e pub- tei'iiilly ry and chives. , have ritings . Hart, >f Mr. i, have ^y the ^igers, Society. Their membership inchule.s representatives of every branch of science from pure raatheniatics to the latest application of electricity ; astronomy and meteor- ology; pliysics, mechanics, engineering; geology and mineralogy, chemistry and microscopy, biology in all its departments, botany, zoohjgy, ichthyology, ornithology, entomology, medicine in its various signilicanct^ includ- ing hygiene ; economics, sociology, and that borderland of research where science and literatui'e meet on ec^ual terms. Though the work of the sections can hardly be said to have been fairly divided, some members contributing much more than others, while of a certain number the names have been conspicuous by their absence from the yearly programmes ; it may, on the whole, be said that the promise of the opening session has been fultilled in the successive meetings of the last eight years. In their chosen branches of study and research, all the four sec- tions have added not a little to the sum of the world's knowledge, and if this total be enlarged by the aggregate of work done by the affiliated societies, the whole makes an intellectual product of which the Dominion has no reason to be ashamed. The points most criticized in the constitution of the Society were the combination of science and literature and its bi-lingual character. As to the former, the first president took occasion, in the address already quoted 32 TFIE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA from, to show that, instead of being a drawback, it was an advantai>e. After indicalinof the close relations be- tween the two departments of intellectnal effort, he thus expressed his satisfaction at tlie Society's comprehensive- ness : — " For these reasons I rejoice that our Society em- braces both science and letters, and I am profoundly con- vinced that it is for the highest interest of Canada that her scientific men shall be men of culture, and that her literary men shall be thoroughly imbuerl with scientific know- ledge and scientific habits of thought." In a paper read before the Society on the relation of such bodies to the State, the late Dr. Todd showed that New South Wales had anticipated Canada by forming a Royal Society on the like broad basis, its avowed objeijt being " the en- couragement of studies and investigations in science, art, literature and philosophy." Lord Lansdovvne also ex- pressed his satisfaction at its two-fold division, which, he said, greatly enhanced the interest and value of the Transactions. As to the other point which was the subject of discus- sion — the union of French and English speaking mem- bers, so far from proving an obstacle to the Society's usefulness, has been one of its most fruitful features. The French and English sections have, by their harmony and goodwill, set an example wliich the whole Dominion might follow with advantage. Differences of race and creed have been revealed only by mutual courtesy and I k, it was tions be- , he thus hensive- iety em- dly con- that her literary 3 know- per read s to the I Wales ;iety on he en- ce, art, Iso ex- ich, he of the iscus- mem- eiety's tares, nioiiy linion e and y and HAND-BOOK. 33 willing co-operation in the grand ^\m% of the Society. From the rule of kindliness and deference there has been, from the opening of the first to the closing of the last meeting, no instance of departure. It is also noteworthy that the Society has been the means of renewing relations between the two branches of the French race in the new world — that of Canada and Acadia, and that of Louisiana — the Atkenie Louisianais, of New Orleans, being one of the first of foreign organizations to respond to the invitation of the Honorary Secretary. In the list of corresponding members, moreover, eminent sons of the French race have their places along with distinguishe d Anglo-Saxons of both hemispheres. Had the Society effected nothino: else than these exchano:es of cordial sympathy it would not have lived altogether in vain. The letters from eminent foreign societies which greeted the entrance of Canada into their exalted sisterhood were most gratifying. M. Camille Doucet, perpetual S'' ;retary of the French Academy, in acknow- ledging the Hon. Secretary's invitation to the Institute of Fi'avcc to send a delegate to the meeting at Ottawa, >aid thit Dv. Bourinot's lettc. nad been received with the most cordial sympathy by each of the five Academies that constitute that great centre of universal learning. =^ *A private lettt'i.- U(JI(b« ss(m{ ^^s Mr. Doucet to the late Hori. Mr. Chauveau, whicii wv,-- oired oy Mr. TaMsf' in his ailnurablo speecli in moving the .second rep.Sng A' the Incorporation Act, i.s no per- tinent as evidence v.t we ijontiuients vhich the formation of the I 84 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA M. Xavier Marmier, an old and much prized friend of Canada, would gladly have responded to the call, had not an untimely illness stood in the way. The Belgian Academy, through its Secretary, Mr. Liagre ; the British Association, through Professor T. G. Bonney, whom Montrealers have not forgotten ; the National Academy of Sciences, of Washington, through Mr. A. Hall ; the New York Academy of Sciences, through Dr. Albert Leeds ; the American Academy of Arts « nd Sciences, through Mr. Josiah P. Cooke ; the Asso. fati >n Frnncaise new Society awakened in Canada's ancient motherland that i^ is a pity not to reproduce it. " I am in receipt," writes Mr. Cr.mille Doucet, *' with the letter which you did me the honour of writing to me on the .Srd of this month, of the report which it contains of the inaugural meeting of the Royal Society of Canada, and I hastened to lay it in its entirety before the Academy at its last assembly. In organizing, as vou say, in imitation of our French Institute ^nd of the Royal Society of England, the Canadian Academy ha'5 ^ -. to friendly nations a testimony of goodwill and atlectionate teem. The Academy thank« you for having informed it of you^ i,\iA > ization, and for having done so with so much cordiality, aii<i 1.. language so elevated, so piu-e, so French. The old Acadeuiy of France delights to extend tlie right hand of fellowship to the new- born Royal Society of Canada, and wishing that it may, after three hundred years of existence, be as flourishing as its elder sister has the happiness to be to-day. The addresses delivered at the second session have been greatly appreciated by iny fellow members, who all applauded their eloquence. Particu^i 'v mi« pressed with the sympathy which your illustrious patron, desires to show for France, the Academy wishes yju to convey to His Excellency the expression of its respectful ^rntiiude.'' i ui w K 11 4 HAND-BOOK, 35 zed friend e cal], had le Belgian he British 'y, whom Academy Hall; the )r. Albert Sciences, Fi'ancaise tt.at if is a ^r Or^mille fvvritingto ^-ms of the ^ hastened ernbly. In titute wnrl ha'5^;", s;, te tetui. 'Jj flii''-. lit ^ ^adeiny of ' the new- ay, after its elder livered at fellow 5 ilea ires pour I'avancenient des Sciences, through Mr. Dubuisson ; the New Orleans AthSn^e Louinianais (already men- tioned), through Mr. A. Mercier — these and others of the world's centres of science and learning sent heartiest greetings. The circulation of the Transactions has done much to make Canada better known at the chief seats of enlight- enment in the Old World. " Not a week passes," says the report of the Council for 1887, " without some evidence being furnished of the attention that the papers are receiving in cultivated circles abroad, and requests for the volumes are constantly at hand from various centres of intelligence to which they have not hitherto been sent. Only a fortnight ago, for instance, the Hon. Secre- tary received some very interesting volumes from the Imperial University of Japan, at Tokio, with an expres- sion of the wish that the Transactions should be regularly sent to that institution.'* More than six hundred copies are thus distributed every year, and that they do not lie unread on dusty shelves is shown by the best of evidence — the extent to which they- are quoted in works dealing with the themes of which thev treat. Apart from its relations to the centres of learning and research in other lands, and its attractive potency on the ^•attered circles of local intellectual effort in the Domi- nion, the Koyal Society can play a not unimportant role in connection with the State. This phase of its usefulness 1. '■ 36 T//£ ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA (vvliicli hns hardly yet, perhaps, been allotted due signifi- cance) was very clearly illustrated in a paper read ])y the late Dr. Alpheus Todd, C.M.G., before the Society not long before his death. Citing the example of New South Wales, which was the first of the Biitish colonies t<) establish a Royal Society, he commended the states- men of that great country for availing themselves of the co-operation of learned and capable advisers to advance the pL bV* welfare in matters that lay distinctly apart from the '^nain of party politics. In so doing, however, they weie simply following the precedent of the mother- land, which had long assigned to the Royal Society of London certain duties of a scientific nature which it was peculiarly (jualified to discharge. The application of the same principle in Canada was a logical sequel of the formation of such a body. The same subject was very appositely though indirectly treated by the first presi- dent in his second address (1883), wherein he outlined the progress already achieved mainly through the Geolo- gical and Natural History Survey and the provisions for science teaching in the Universities. A perceptible stimulus was given to the scientific movement in Canada, both in its practical and scientific aspect, by the departure of the British Association from its narrower early traditions in conseiiting to hold a meeting in Montreal. In that meeting (1884) member3 of Canada's Royal Society took an active part, and among the sub- ft'! HANDBOOK. 37 e signifi- read by Society of New colonies states - s of the d Vance y apart •wever, nother- iety of it was of tlie of the 3 very jects wliich they chose for their papers there were seve- ral which had a distinct relation to the State — such as those on Standard Time, on Tidal Observations in Cana- dian Waters, on our Mineral Eesources, on various branches and details of economic science, and on ques- tions pertaining to our native races. But, in reality, it is not occasionally but always that the Royal Society is, in sympathy, aspiration and the sphere of its labours, in close relation to the State and tlie needs of the country at large. Such relation arises necessarily from the fact that the membership of the Scientific sections is so largely composed of officers of the scientific departments of the Government. The head of the Geological Survey and the principal members of his staff, the Surveyor-General, the director of the Experi- mental Farms, the chief Analyst, the head of the Meteorological Service, the director of State Telegi'a[)hs, the Goverument Entomologist, more than one emeriiiis otticial of high standing, and several members of corres- ]>onding services in the provinces — these, with represen- tatives of the universities occasionally employed in public functions, form a sort of State Council on the whole range of important questions in which scientific know- ledge and experience are essential to the general welfare. An examination of the contents of the Transactions for any and every year will, in fine, furnish convincing })roof of the alliance between the Roya Society and the 2 38 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA State, aud of thebenetits which the former renders to the latter. Nor is it the scientific sections alone that stand in this beneficial relation to the State. In seconding Mr. Tasse's motion for the second reading of the Act of Incorporation, Mr. Ross, of Middlesex (the present able Minister of Education for Ontario), pointed out very clearly the services which such a Society might render in the field of historical research. He reminded his hearers uf the passages in our annals that were still shadowed by ob- sc^. . .cy — such as the great struggle of 18 12 and the boun- dary treaties that left behind them such deplorable con- fusiun. Nor did he withhold his sympathy from the attempt to encourage Canadian literature, and to make it. as far as possible, characteristic of the life, the thought and the aspirations of the people. '* As I have the honour," said Mr. Tasse, in discussinti this same feature of the Society's allotted task, "of sitting beside three gentlemen who bear the poetic names of Homer, Shakespeare and Burns, it will suffice for me to remark that the three great poets from whom, I hope, these gentlemen are lineally descended have done more to immortahze Greece, England r nd Scotland than the most eminent statesmen and distinguished warriors. x\nd in so far as the lloyal Society devotes itself to the cultivation of what is highesf; in thought and sentiment, to the study of tho beautiful and the pursuit of the -mi* WHWWW Wi HAND-BOOK, 39 true, its mibsioii is a noble and onlightene<l onn, wliidi merits the support of all patriotic Canadians." Since its formation in 1882, the membership of the Society has been considerably modified. The original composition of the Council has been already mentioned. The followir^ tabulated statement shows at a glance tlie changes that it has undergone from yea* to year to the present : — .It'll f;! cc CO rH I CI QO 00 0) s I •^3 i r/. C3 Qj wp-w c8 O bC o osO 2 := '^ o Js • 2 • OOP — C Q^ • • PP fe i ■*-' J • ~ (/y Pcc < p <! O C H w O o CO o p^ w Ph O m Ph W O »— I O CO CO I CM oo OD c o I a. ^^ en o o OJ c3 03 C3 O rC Ph . H ;: o tl WP P3, S fe ;>-3 O ^ OrC :: . • • ,•-5 C O tn t3 c c3 -<^ P cc pH S Oi c3 ;-< S3 I •5 "^ •-a 05 oO rz; 1-5 »-. K- t, fc: ■ P <3^ P -t; p W pq K p:? 6 P3 t^P.5i - -=5 1: O • - 03 P^ ^ .J:: o o/ c«00 ^ C r* g^ O H »H «. •« o-rr O) OS c ^ "^ ""s P5^ p J<1 § 5 £ ,^ ^ Oi a* . ^Oi-i > — J- o ^ ojP' PPI^ • P fe .- . r- r^ a< ffi £.-« "Z oS P5 5p^ ^Ph o p <v a: .9, o a; OO •— ' P ^ "3 c3 p S b^ o OQ P^ « .1-1 I m Qu O) 2; a> « o PL<>'0Q o CO p J^ ^ r3iPH ^ a> u o p • a; • o -^i O u, P ^H Jh o -^Ph^ OK 6 f^ 0) o S t->i— ^ P^>QQ .P M. ;^ 0) P P PPh? Pc« oO • • Po o O o , C 03 C f-i TO p . «^ t--iCZ2 ^ P a* cfj Ih 03 o a.' a» ;-! P P o o WW •— f// I C3 •*• ^ ^ 2 ■/J 1 JD O G • 3^ • • •^ 2 f-^ 3j :3 "7. • > '-5 '/2 • Q Dr. T. S. E. Devil G. C. Ho . . I-' Dr. Bou Sir .1. A 1^ I o •i o ^^ O • »-H CS .*^ s H-1 o Ii 2 nor Hai Law son 1 i is -r tn . c:^'S ^ ""^ C3 ■xo M;^0 ^.s^ r^^ o sl; :i . • ;- ._• ^^ SQ ^;iHt- Q?=Q H X 6 O t- c ■■' QV2 oo I o oo GO o O r/j C3 T3 c3 4J (/J 1- to c: u (XI c> Of cS ^0 G <v tc 3 a> G OD O-J WPh<1 c .2 '-2 o C/2 Oi a. ■»J (D S 5-1 -4-1 o o o ! 'a! 0* Ji^ I -. C3 O ^ G ^ ^ G S ,c3 O C3 C CD (U Lh a> o o c o o ai CO Vj r* Oi ^^ = ^ C3 ~ 53 ►^ car' OHO m<^ c ■73 a: "73 ^^ "'-' CC O) »-, "* a> o u P-i>-CQ c • a; 'TS 7; 0) >, ;h ;-< P^ ■4^ 1 Oi 4> »-l W o •F- 1 (11 t>c« O J- O ^ Qx >- p. • • o o WW <yi -/J <v 33 :/3 o o a -i ^ 5 Jz u >^ 1) c3 ^ :^-^ a» .2 o o i-.S.' blQ . o . o i: c: c ^ r" •% -v •- — <^ C ^u^S ■^^ 5 .O S-i <D <D Ji 3 -^ QO ii) -- i rt ^ V2 >— ' Tr ^6 ^ Cl Oh CO _5> O 2Q to . O) '^ i^ fl 03^ c3 '^'^ ^i C ^ F. o/ .:; fcO h-3 O i-s^^l C3 bug C ;r " c3 <Xi f^ cv O o SC"-H C/3 ^ cO r/j -•-1 2 Q JT' 2J ^5i c3' >M ^ P^O Q?^t-i Z;0 of- 2 c cq QP 0) QD ao ^ 00 v^ oo o GO r-i fn be (3 <1> (K e3 .Si UXi p<1 «* r! oi =«f^.Bf 1^ CU vO) rXJ -3 42^ •73 QD -+-3 O t-l tH Ph<J<«1 h^PP <D bC ^ c o GO :::-p > £CQ Oi <u PS^ t^.9 e ^ 0, (» c« j6 Ol c3 c3 a MPS fc< e? o ^ cO t^ ^ '-' S<1 Pi t- .^ PPh^ Pc/3 oJ O; O^ tn o a> .i: -^ • • • 4 • • • • • 4 • • • • • ' • • *-» 1 , -4^ kvH -fcj • K. • r^ . ^— ( . ^-H • c t^ • • 53 » 1— t , QJ > t-~t • c; »-H o c a; OI >■> 9."^^ ^^^ ^3 ^1 ••::; ^ii a> ^1 <!• O O (-1 •■-« O) « <1> Jh <D O o OJ aj <i> t~i (V <:3 O p^>. P-l>CQ PkP>02 fl,>cQ b '^^ C3 cc 0) t- CU o o O) pLnt^OQ >» a; 0) a> oqH o o WW HAND-BOOK, 4;{ Tlit^ iiK;inbt'i-,sliii) of tho sei^tious was thus composed in 1882 :— Section F. — French Literature, History, Archaeology and kiu(b"e(l subjects.— The Uev. Abb^ Begin, D.D., Laval University, (^)uebec; The llev. Abbe Bois, Maski- nonge, P.Q. ; Napoleon Bourassa, Esq., Montreal; the Rev. Abbe H. R. Casgrain, Riviere Quelle, P.Q. ; the Hon. R. J. 0. Chauveau, LL.D., etc., Montreal; Paul De Cazos, Esq., (Quebec ; Oscar Dunn, Esq., Quebec ; the Hon. Hector Fabre, Paris ; N. Faucher de Saint Mau- rice, Escj., Quel)ec ; Louis P'rechette, Esq., Laur(5at de I'Acad^niie Franoaise, Montreal ; Napoleon Legendre, Esq., Quebec ; Painphile LeMay, Esq., Quebec ; J. M. LeMoine, P]sq., Spencer Grange, Quebec; the Hon. P\ G. Marchand, St. Johns, P.Q. ; Joseph Marinette, P^sq., Quebec ; the Hon. Judge Routhier, Quebec ; B. Suite, P'sq., Ottawa; the Rev. Cy prion Tanguay, Ottawa; Joseph Tasse, Esq., Ottawa; the Rev. Abbe H. Verreau, Montreal. Section XL — English Literature, History, Archaeology and kindred subjects. — John George Bourinot, Esq., F.S.S., Ottawa; Dr. R. M. lucke, London, Ont. ; Rev. /Eueas Macdonell Dawson, Ottawa; Lieut.-Col. G. T. Denison, Toronto; the Very Rev.G. M. Grant, D.D., Princi[)al of Queen's College, Kingston; William Kirby, Esq., Niagar.i, Ont. ; John Talon Lesperance, Esq., Montreal ; Charles Lindsey, Esq., Toronto j the Rev. 44 7//A ROYAL SOCIE'I y OF CANADA VV. Lyall, LL. I)., D.illiouHic (Jollei^v, Halifax ; Gt-ori^e Murray, Ks^,, Muiur.ial ; tli<; liev. J. Clark Murray, MdJill (J(jllt'<^^e, Moutn^al ; Kv.iii McColl, Escj., lviu«^^sU)U, Out.; »I(>lni ilead<i, Esr^ , Mouti'eNil ; Charles Saugster, \\ iSfj. Cltawa,; Dr. GoMwiu Suiilh, Tor* ..>; (leoroe SU'wart, jr., Ks(]., (»)u(^bi3c; ; Al|»lieus Tcxhl, Ks(|., (.\M.G , Ottawa; Dr. J. Watsou, Queen's College, Kingston, Out.; Dr. Daniel VV^ilsuu, Prcisideut of the University of Toronto ; Dr. O. Paxton Vouuu, M.A., Uuivi-rsitv Coll (r,> I'L^t o •) Toronto. Section III. — Mathematical, Physical and Chemical Sciences. — C. Paillar^t^, Esq., C.Pl, Quebec ; Herbert A. liayue, Es(|., lioyal Military College, Ki' stou, Out. ; C. H. Carjmiael, Esq., Superintendent ^^, orologic.il Service^ Tonuito; Prof. E.J. (^hapnuin, University College, Toronto ; Prof. d. B. Cherriman, Superinteu- dent of Insuranci!, Otta\Na : E. Deville. Es(p, Chief In- spector of Surveys, Ottawa ; N. E. Dupuis, Esq., E.K. S.E., Queen's Colleue, Kinn'ston, Out.: Sandfovd Eleni- 'r>^> ing, Esq., C.E, C.M.G., Ottawa; Dr. P. Fortin, M.P., Montreal: Dr. G. P. Gird wood, McGill College, Mont- O"*' real; E. VV. Gisborne, Esq., C.E., M.PT.E.E., Oitawit ; Prof. E. Haanel, Victoria College, Cobourg ; B. J. Har- O J rington, Esq., IMi.D., VlqKWW College, Montreal ; G. C. liotfmann, Esq., E. Inst. Cheni., Giiological Survey, Ottawa; T. Sterry Hunt, Esq., LL.D., Cantab., E.R.S., Montreal j A. Johnson, LL.D. (Dublin), McGill College, IIANn t'OOK. 45 Moiitrciil; J. T. Loudon, Kscj.. riiivciNity ('<>ll<*u;o, Toronto; T. M.i('f;irliin(\ M. Imil,^, Actonvali, V ^} ; •! • C. McGregor, J).Sc, F.R.S.K., Dalliousiu Cnllcgc, Halifax. Section IV. — Geological and Biological Sciences. — T,. W. l>ailey, P^scj., IMi.I) , University of New Brunswick. Fredericton, X.B.: George liarnston, Ks(|., M(aitrea,l ; Dr. Kobert Bell, C.K., F.G-S , Assist. Director (Joological Survey, Ottawji; Dr. G. M. Dawson, D.Su*., F.G.S., A.R.S.M., Assist. Director Geological Survey, (Ottawa ; Dr. J. W. Dawson, C.M.G., F.K.S., Principal McGill University, Montreal; Fdwin Gilpin, Es(i., F.(f.8., In- spector of Mines, Halifax ; J. Bx'rnard Gilpin, Fscp, M.D., Halifax; Dr. J. A. Grant, F.G.S., Ottawa; the Be v. Dr. Honeyman, Museum, Halifjix ; J. M. clones, Fsip, F.L.S., Halifax ; the Kev. Prof. Latlanune, Laval Uni- versity, Quebec; Prof. G. I^awson, LL.D., Dalliousie ('oUege, Halifax ; J. Macoun, Esq., F\L.S., Albert University, Belleville ; Alex. Murray, F'.sq., C.M.G., F.G S., Director of the Geological Survey of Newfound- land ; Dr. William Osier, McGill College, Mositreal ; W. Saunders, F^sq., London, Ont. ; Dr. A. Li. 0. Selwyn, LL.D.,F.R.S., F.G.S., Director of the Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa; D. N. St. Cyr, F^sq., Quebec; J. F\ Whiteaves, Esq., F\G.S., Geological Survey, Ottawa; Prof. K. Kamsay Wright, M.A., B.Sc, University Col- lege, Toronto. 40 T///^ ROV.IL SOCIRTY OF ^A^fADA Twelve members of the Society liave been removed by death ;— Mr. George Barnston, Dr. Todd, Mr. Mur- ray, C.M.G., Director of the Geological Survey of New- foundland, and for years Sir William Logan's assistant; llev. Dr. Honeyman, of Halifax; Mr. J. C. Dent, the historian; Dr. Fortin, M.P. ; Mr. Herbert A. Bayne, of the Royal Military College, Kingston; Mr Oscar Dunn, Prof. George Paxton Young, Toronto ; the Abbe Bois, the Hon. P. J. 0. Chauveau, and John Les[>eiance. Others have, for various reasons, withdi'awn from the Society, and others have left the country. The actual membeishi]) is as follows : — THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA. LLST OK MEM15KRS 1890-1)1. L— FRENCH LTTEKATUilE, HISTORY, ARCif.E()LO(;Y, ETC. Begin, S. G. Mgr. L. N., Bishop of Chicoiitimi. Cawgmiii, I'Abbe H. R., LL.D., Quebec. Cuoq, I'Abbe, Montreal, David L. 0., Montreal. DeCazes, Paul, Quebec DeCellea, A. D., Ottawa. Fabre, Hector, Paris, France- Faucherde Saint-Maurice, N., Quebec. Frechette, Louisi LL.D., Montreal. HAND-BOOK. 47 Jjegendre, Napoleon, Quebec. LeMay, Parnphile, Quebec. IjeMoine, .j, M., Quebec, Lusignan; A., Ottawa- >[archan(l, Hon. F. G., St. Johns, P.Q . Marinette, Joseph, Ottawa. Rontliier, A. B , LL.D , Quebec. Suite, Benjamin, Ottawa- Tanguay, Mgr. Cyprien, Jj.D., Ottawa. Tasne, Joseph, Montreal. Verrcau, l'x\bbe Hospice, LL.D., Montreal. ■ H n.— ENGLISH LITERATURE, HISTORY, AliOHMOUXiY I^TC. Boiirinot. John George, CMG-, LL.D, D.C-L., Ottawa. Bucke, R. Maurice, M.D., London, 0. Dawson, Very Rev. ^neas Macdonell, LL.D., Ottawa- Denison,Lt.-Col. G. T-, B.CL., Toronto. Grant, Very Rev. G-M., D.D., Principal of Queen's University, King s ton - Hale, Horatio, Clinton- Kingsford, William, LL.D-, Ottawa- Kirby, William, Niagara. Mair, Charles, Prince Albert, N. W. T- Murray, George, B.A., High School, Montreal. Murray, Rev. J. Clark, LL.D., McGill University, Montreal. M(;Coll, Evan. Patterson, Rev. George, D.D., New Ghugow. Reade, John, Montreal. Roberts, Cliarles, King's Colkge, Windsor, NS. Stewart, George, jun., D.C.L., D.L., F.R.G.S., Quebec. Watsorj, J., M.A., LL.D., Queen's University, Kingston. Wilson, Sir Daniel, LL.D., F.R.S.E., President of UniverHity of Toronto, Toronto (ex- President). Withrow, Rev W. H , D.D., Toronto. 48 THE POYAL SOCIETY OF C.LVADA TIT.— MATUKMATICAI., PHYSICAJ. AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES. Haillai-^'r, C, C.E., QacUc Bovoy H. T., M.A., C.E., Mc(jlill riiiveisily, Montmil. Carpmael, C, M.A., SupcrintoiKkMit of Meteorolu«i;ical Service, Tonnito. ('iiapinaii, E. J., Pli.D., I.L.i)., University ui'Turoiitu, Toronto. Deville, E., Surveyor General, Oftaw l)iil)uis, N. F., M.A., E.R.S.E., (^iieeD's University, Klii(jst<ni. Eleiniug, SatulfonI, C.M.di., LL.D., C.E., Ottawa (ex-Pre!-*i(ieiit). (irinlwood, (>. P., M.I)., MeCrill Univer.sity, Montreal. (Jirtborne, F. N., xM.I.T.E.E., C.F., Oftium, Ilaiiiel, McMisigiior, M.A., Laval University, Qaebcr (ex-l're- SK lent). iIarrin<rton, B. .1., B.A., iMi.L\, M<;(jrill Universitv, Montreal ? ' Tlottniann, G. (■., F. Inst. Cliein., Geological Survey, Ottawa. Hunt, T. Sterry, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., Wasliinijton, DJJ. (ex- President). .Johnson, A., LL.I)., McGill University, Montreal. ijoudon, J. T., M.A., University of Toronto, Toronto. Macfarlane, T-, M.E., Ottawa. MacGre^^or, J. (L, M.A., D.Sc, F.U.S.E., Dalhousie University, llallj ax. IV.— GEOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES. Jiailey, L. W., M.A., T'ii.I)., University of New Brunswick, Fredtricton. Bell, Uol.ert, M.D., C.lv, F.G.S., Geological Survey, Ottawa, Burgess, T. J. W., M.D., Mont real. Dawson, G.M., D.Sc, LL.D. A.H.S.M., F.G.S., Geologicrd Survey, Ottawa. Dawson, Sir J. William, (\M.(L, LL.D., F.H.S., Principal of McGill University, Montreal i<'\'VYi\m\^\\{). HAND BOOK, 49 Fletcher, James, the Governineiit Eritoinulogist, Ottawa. (Tilj>in, Edwin, M.A., F.G.S., Inspector of Mines, H(tUfa.r. (Irunt, Sir J. A., K.C.M.G., M.D., F.G.8., Ottawa. LaHanime, Abbe J. C. K., D.D., M.A., Laval University, Qtiehec. Lawson, G., Pli D., LL.D-, Dalhousie University, HaUfax (ex- President). Macoun, J., M.A., F.L.S-, Geological Survey, Ottaioa. xMatthevv, G. F., M.A., St. John, N.B. MacKay, A. H., B.A., B.Sc, Higli School, Hall/ax, N.S. Mills, f . Wesley. M.A., MM)., McGill University, Montreal Penhallow, 1). P., B.Sc, McGill University, Montreal. Provancher, Abbe, Cap Rowje, Quebec. Saunders, W., Director of the Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Sehvyn, A. R. C, C.M.G., LL.D., FR.S., F.G.S., Director of the Geological Survey, Ottawa. VVhiteaves, J. P., F.G.S., Geological Survey, Ottawa. Wright, R. Ramsay, M.A., B.Sc, University of 'J'oronto, Toronto. CORRESPONDING MExMBERS. The Marquis of Lorne. Bonney, T. G., D.Sc, LL.D , F.RS., London, England. Djucet, Camille, secretaire perpetuel de TAcademie Fran(,-aise, Paris, France. Le Roy, Alphonse, professeur de philosophic a I'Universite de Liege, et membrede I'Academie Royale de Belgique, Lihge, Belgium. Marmier, Xavier, de I'Academie Fran<;aisp, Paris, France. Parkman, Francis, LL.D., Boston, Mass. Ram(!au de Saint Pere, Edme, Adon, Lolrei, France. Winsor, Justin, LL.D., Librarian of Harvard ITniversity, Cuin- hridge, Mass. 1 '.t 50 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CA'NADA RETIRED MEMBERS. (See Rule 7.) Bourassa, Napoleon, Montehello. Gilpin, J. Bernard, M.D., M.R.C.S., Halifax. Osier, W., M.D., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. Cherrinian, J. B., M.A., Ryde, Isle of VViobt. Haanel, E-, Ph.D., Syracuse University, Syracusey N. Y. LIST OP PRESIDENTS. 1882-'83 Sir J. W.Dawson. 1883-'84 Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau. 1884-'85 Dr. T. Sterry Hunt. 1885-'8G Sir Daniel Wilson. 188(;-'87 Monsignor Hamel. 1887-'88 Dr. G. Lawson. lS88-'89 Sandford Fleming, CM.G. 1889-'90 Abbe Casgrain. 1890-'91 Verv Rev. Dr. G. M. Grant. HAND-BOOK. r.i THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Founder : THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE MARQUIS OF LOIIXE OFFICERS FOR 1890-91. HONORARY PRBRIDENT AND PATRON : HIS EXCELLENCY THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THK LORD STANLKV OF PRESTON, G.C.B. President Very Rev. Goo. M. Gmnt, D.D. Vice-President 1/Abbe J. C K. Lariaininc, \).\). EX-PRESIDENTS. G. Lawson, Ph.D., LL-D. Saiidtbrd Fleming, CM.G.J.L.D. Abl '3 H. R. Casgrain, LL.D. Sir William Dawson (Addi tional Member of Council.) JFFICERS OF SECTIONS. SKC. L— French Literature, History and Allied Suhjccfs. Presiden t Napoleon Leg' 'ndre. Vice- President Mv-nsignor Tangnay . Secretary A. D . Decelles. SEC. II.— English Literature History, and Allied Snhjcrfs. L'residevt Geo. Stewart, jun., D-C. L , LL.D- Vice-President ....Rev. G. Patterson, D.I). Secretary Rt'v- J. Clark Murray. r JM il 52 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OE CANADA StJC 111. — Matlitmaiical, rhysicdl, and Chemirul Srhiucs. President Monsignor Hamel. Vice-President J. G. McGregor, D.Sc. Secretary G. C. HofFniann, F. Inst. Ulu'iti. SEC. TV. — Geological a7id Biological Sciences . President W. Saunders. Vice-President G. F. Matthew, M.A. Secretary J. F. Whiteaven, F.G.S. Honorary Secretary .J. G, Bourinot, C.M.G., LL.D., D.CL. Honorary Treasurer .k. R. C. Selwyn, C.M.G., LLD. The Council for 1890-91 comprises tlie President and Vice- President of the Society, the Presidents, Vice-Presidents and Secretaries of Sections, the Honorary Secretary and the Honor ?iry Treasurer, besides ex-Presidents of the Society (Rule 7) dur- ing three years from the date of their retirement, and any four members of the Society,- who have fornierly served on the Council, if the Council should elect tiiem every year. thp: teansactions. Subjoined are the titles of papers read before the Society and published in the Transactions from 1882 to 1890, arranged according to sections : SECTION I. 1882. Nos quatre historiens inodernes, Bibaud, Garneaii, Fer- land, Faillon, par J. M. LeMoine. Discours d'inauguration, par Faucher de Saint-Manrice. Quelques scenes d^ine com^die in^dite, par F. G. Marchand. n.ix/) nooA'. Families canadiennes, par I'Abbe Taiiguay. Les interpr^tes du temps de ChamjJain, par B. Suite. Le bien pour le mal (poesie), par I\ LeMay. Etude sur les commencements de la poesie francaise au Canada, par P. J. 0. Chauveau. Xotre passe litteraire et nos deux historiens, par VAblx' Casgrain. Vive la France (poesie), par L. H, Frechette. 1883. Les archives du Canada, par J. M. LcMoine. Louis Turcotte, par I'Abb^ Tanguay. Ktude sur les noms, par TAbb^ Tanguay. Notre histoire— kla memoiro de F. X. Garneau (poesie), parL. H. Frechette. Los premiers seigneurs du (Canada, ])ar B. Suite, lln bonheur en attire un autre — coniedie en un acte, par F. G. Marchand. 1884. Deux points d'histoire — (1) Quatrieme voyage de Jacques-Cartier ; (2) Expedition du Marquis de la Koche, par Paul de Cazes. Etude sur une famille canadienne — Famille de Cata- logue, par I'Abbe Tanguay. La province de Quebec et la langue francaise, par Na])o- leon Legend re. Les races indigenes de I'Amerique devant I'histoire, jar Napoleon Legendre. 54 'IHE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Pouti'incouit (ill Acadie, 1G04-1G23, pir I>. Suite. i^cs (jUiinuite dernieres auiioes — Lu Cuiiudii di*]»uis I'Unioii do 1841, par John Charles Deiit. Etude critique, par I'Abb^ Casgrain. Les comuieucements de FEglise du Canada, par TAbbd Verreau. Une promenade dans Paris — Impressions et souvenirs, par Joseph Marmette. Les aborigenes de I'Am^rique — Leurs rites mortuaires, par tJ. M, LeMoine. Le Sacre-Cceur (poesie), par P. J. 0. Chauveau. Au Iwrd de la Creuse, par L. H. Frechette. L'Espagne, par Louis Frechette. Trois Episodes de la Conquete, par L. PL Frechette : L Fors riionneur ! II. Les dernieres cartouches. III. Le drapeau fantome. Les travel's du siecle, par F. G. Marchand. 1885. Les premieres pages de notre histoire, par Louis Fre- chette. Preteudues origines des Canadiens-Francais, par B. Suite. Lettre d'un volontaire du 9ieme Voltigeurs campe a Calgary, par A. B. Routhier. Un des oublies de notre histoire — Le capitaine de vais- seau Vauguelain, par Faucher de Saint Maurice. HAND-BOOK. 55 Ktude 1' TAbbd Lcs derniers seront les premiers — Homiiiage ^ son Hon- Deur Rodrigue Massoii, lieutenant-goiiverneur de la province de Quebec, par Pamphile LeMay. JJiographie de Gerin-Lajoie — Fragment, par TAblje Casgrain. La race francaise en Amerique, par Napoleon Legendre. L'Angleterre et le clerge francais, refugie pendant la Revolution, par I'Abbe Bois. La frontiere nord de la province de Quebec, par P. de Gazes. Epitre k M. Prendergast, apr^s avoir lu son " Un soir d'automne." pjv P. J. 0. Chauveau. L'element etranger aux Etats-Unis, par Fauclier de Saint-Maurice. Autrefois et maintenant, par Napoleon Legendre. L'anatomie des mots, par Napoleon Legendre. Le dernier boulet — Nouvelle historique, par J. Mar- mette. L'aigle et la marmotte — Fable, par F. G. Marchand. A travers les r^gistres, par I'Abb^ Tanguay. 1886. Le pionnier, par Louis Frechette. Le Oolfe Saint Laurent (1600-1625), par B. Suite. In peleriuage au pays d'Evangeline, par rAl)be Cas- grani. (.)scar Dunn, par A. 1). Decelles. Les pages soinbres de I'histoire, par J. M. LeMoine. 66 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OE CAN A J) A 1887. La cloclie, par Napoleon Legeiidre. Les Acadieiis apres leur dispersion, i)ar 1' Abbe Casgraiii. Un vieiix fort francais, par P. J. U. Baudry. La fileuse, par Napoleon Legendre. La noce au village, par Napoleon Legendre. La langue que nous parlous, par Paul de Cazes. La langue que nous parlous, par Napoleon Legendre. In foinia pauperis, par Kenii Treniblay. Des conimencenients de Montreal, par I'Abbti Verreau. La crise du regime parleinentaire, par A. D. Decelles. Hosanna, par Paniphile LeMay. 1888. La fin de la domination franeaise et I'historien Parkman, par Hector Fabre. Par droit chemin, par Pamphile LeMay. Les souffrants, | ar Pamphile LeMay. Eclaircissements sur la question acadieune, par I'Abbe Casgrain. Sainte Anne d'Auray et ses environs, par Louis Fre- chette. Le General Frederic Haldimand a Quebec, 1778-1784, par J. M. LeMoine. Trois mois k Londres — Souvenirs de Ft xposition coloniale — Fragments, par J. Marinette. HAND-BOOK. 57 1889. M( 11110111111 \)i{\\\\. par lui-ineiiH* d'apie.s (his ])iec«j.s innlites, par TAblu! C^asj^rain, \a\ (rolfe Saint Laurent ( IGjJo-lGol:!), par 1>. Suite. Parallele liistorique entre le Cointe de la ( lalissoni^re (1747-1749) et le C«»nite de Dutferin (1872-1878), par J. M. LeMoiiie. iAIa iniilien, voyageur, ecrivain, criti([ue d'jirt, poete, mariii, obsevvateur, philosophe, bibliophile et elire- tien, par Faucher de Saint Maurice. SECTION II. 1882. Inaugural Address', by Daniel Wilson. On the Establishment of Free Tublie Libraries in Canada, by Alpheus Todd. Language and Conquest — a Retrospect and a Forecast, by John Reade. 1883. Pie-Ar3^an American Men, by Daniel Wilson. Some Old Forts by the Sea, by J. G. Bourinot. The Literature of French Canada, by John Lesperance. A Problem of Visual Perception, by J. Clark Murray. The Nomenclature of the Laws of Association, by J. Clark Murray. k.\\ Addition to the Logical Square of Opposition, by Clark Murray. T 68 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA I 1884. The Making of Canada, by John Read(3. Tho Literary Faculty of the Native Races of America, by John lieade. The Poets of Canada, by John Lesperance, A Plea for a Canadian Camden Society, by (r. Bryce. The Huron-Iroquois of CanacUi, a typical race of Ameri- can Aborigines, by D. Wilson. 1885. The Half-breed, by John Reade. Vita sine Literis, by John Reade. Sources of Early Canadian History, by Geo rge ^^tc wart, jr. The Adventures of Isaac Jogues. S. J , by Rev. W. H. Withrow. The Annals of an Old Society, by John M. Harper. The Artistic Faculty in Aboriginal Races, by Daniel Wilson. Pahe^lithic Dexterity, by Daniel Wilson. The Five Forts of Winnipeg, by Rev. G. Bryce. 1886. The Right Hand and Left-handedne D. Wi' on. Local Government in Canada '- an I lorical Study, by J. G Bourinot. Historical Record of St. Maurice Forges, the Oldest Active Blast Furnace on the Continent of America, by F. C. Wurtele. JTAND BOOK, T)!) liiinf Outlines of tlu* Most FaTnousJournovs in an<l abont IliijK'it's Laii;l, by Ren'. (J. P»iyc(\ TIiL' Lost Atlantis, by Daniel Wilson. 1887. Soiiu; VVal)anaki Songs, by »I(>lin lieado. Aboi'i,i»inal American Poetry, by John Jleade. The Eskimo, by Franz Boas. First Siege and Capture of Louisburg, by Sir Adams Ar- chibald. The Analytical Study of Canadian History, by John Lesperance. Notes and Observations on the Kwakiool People of the Northern part of Vancouver Island and adjacen coasts, made during the Summer of 1885, with a Vocabulary of about seven hundred words, by G. M Dawson. On the Indians and Eskimo of the Ungava District Labrador, by Lucien M. Turner. Jacques Cartier's First Voyage, by W. F. Ganong. 1888. The Eomance of the History of Canada, by John Les- perance. Tlie Last Decade of French Rule in America, 1749- 1759, by J. M. LeMoine. The Basques in North America, by John Reade. Some Indoor and Outdoor Games of the Wabanaki In- dians, by Mrs. W. W- Brown. fiO rriR ROY A J. SOCIETY OF CANADA liilia 'i The Indians of British Colunibiii, hy Franz Boas. A Grammar of tlie Kwagiiitl Language, hy the Hev. Alfred J. IlalL 1>89. The Studv of Political Science in Conadian Universiticvs, by »1. G. Bourinot. The Cartogra})liy of the Gulf of St. Lawrence from C.'ai. tier to Ohamplain, by W. F. Ganong. Trade and Commerce of the Stone A<_>e, bv Sir D. Wil son. Expedition to the Pacific, with a l)rief reference to the voyages of discovery in seas contiguous to Canada in connection witii a Western passage fr.>m Kui'(>})(' to Asia, l)y Sandford Fleming. SECTION II r. 1882. The Relations of the Natural Sciences. Inaugural Address, by T. Sterry Hunt. On the Line of Facility of Error, etc., by Charles Carp- mael. On an Application of a Special Determinant, Iw J. B. Cherriman. The Motion of a Chain on a Fixed Plane Curve, by d B. Cherrinum. Note on the Bishc p's Move in Chess, by J. B. Cherri man. HAND- BOOK. (il |0n the Mciisureinent of the Ke.si.sUiiicc uf Electrolytes, by J. G. McGregor. [Xoie on Molecular Contraction in Xatural Sulphids, by E. J, Chapman. Sviiinietrical Investigation of the Curvature of Surfaces, bv A. Johnson. 4/ Note on Zinc Sulphid, l)y Tlios. Macfarlane. 1883. On the Keduction of Sulphate of Soda })y Carbon, by Thos. Macfarlane. Oil some Experiments showing that the Electromotive Force in Polarization is independent of the diffe- rence of Potential of tlie Electrodes, by J. G. Mc- Gregor. Xote on Spectroscopic Scales, by E. J. Chapman. On Cryptomorphism in its relation to Classification and Mineral Types, by E. J. Chapman. Sur la mesure des distances terrestres [)ar des observa- tions astrononii(|Ues, par E. Deville. Oil the Application of Hydriodic Acid as a, lUowpipe Keagent (witli four plates), by E. Haanel. On the Mechanical Means of makiuLi" a Sidereal Clock show Mean Time, by N. E. Dupuis. Oil some Minerals n(^w to Canada, bv P>. J. Harrinuton. Kcjtoi'Ls on the Transit of Venus of Decemlxu' 6, 1882, as follows : The Preparations at Montreal, by Alex. Johnsou. i1 62 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA General Report, by Charles Carpniael. Observations at Winnipeg, by Prof. McLeod. Observations at Kingston, by Prof. Williamson. Observations at Cobourg, l)y A. II. Bain. Observations at Ottawa, by F, L. Blake. On tlie Transition Resistance of the Electric Ciiricur, etc., V)y J. G. McGregor. 1884. The Origin of Crystalline Rocks, by T. Sterry Hunt. On the Density and Tiiernial Expansion of Solutions ol Copper Sulphate, by J. G. McGregor. Blowpipe Reactions on Plaster of Paris Tablets, by K. Haanel. A Particular Case of Hydraulic Ranior Water Hamui t, by C. Baillarge. Notes sur un fixit m(^teorologi(|ue particulier a Queb'c, par TAbbe Laflauime. Essaie sur la constitution atoniique de la inatiere, ]);ii I'Abbe Haniel. 1885. Presidential Address, by Alexander Johnson. Blowpipe Reactions on Plaster of Paris Tablets, by K. Haanel. On some Iron Ores of (^'entral Ontario, by E. J. (Chap- man. On the Density of Weak Aqueous Solutions of certain Salts, by J. G. McGregor. .-/ HAND-BOOK, 63 Jii. I*- C(irj\}iir, Hunt. )huioiis ot lets, ])y K, Maill!!! M, A Qiiob'c, tie re, jm [on the Analysis of Silk — Quantitative Estimation of Silk in a Mixed Texture, by H. A. Bayne. |0n a Natural System in Mineralogy, with a Classification of Native Silicates, by T. Sterry Hunt. I'iulal Observations in Canadian Waters, by Alexander Johnson. On the Determination in terms of a Definite Integral of the value of an Algebraical Expression, the series to be continued only as long as the quantity raised to power, m + n, is positive, n being a positive integer, and m a positive integer, zero, or a negative integer numerically less than n ; and on the deduction therefrom of approximate values in certain cases, by Charles Carpmael. The Longitude of McGill College Observatory, by W. A. Kogers and C. H. McLeod. 1886. Presidential Address, by Charles Carpmael. Tlu! Generic History of Crystalline Rocks, by T. Sterry Hunt. On the Colouring Matter of Black Tourmalines, by E. J. Chapman. Time lieckoning for the Twentieth Century, by Sandford Fleming. Du choix d'une projection pour la carte du Canada, par E. Deville. 64 THE ROYAL i^OCJETY OE CANADA i ; Supplunuiiit to *' A Nutural Sy.stein in Minoralony, t'lc.., ' by T. Sterry lliiiil. Oil soinc (Jaiiadijin MiiKjials, l>y J>. J. JlaiTiiii;tun. On some Points in Iielorence to Ico riicnonieiia, by Kobert liell. Abel's Forms of the Koots of the Solvable Equation dt the Fifth Degree, by G. Paxton Young. A Meteorite ii'oni the North- West, l)y A. P. Coleman. 1887. Presidential Address, by Thomas Maefarlane. On a S|iecinien of Canadian Native Platinum from l>ri- tisli Columbia, by G. (J. Hoffmann. Notes on the Analysis of Coffee, by Anthony McGill, Jlemarks on the Use of Asbestos in Milk Analvsis, by Thomas Macfarlane. The Analysis of Milk, by W. H. Ellis. On the Sap of the Ash-leaved Maple (Negundo aee- roides), by B. J. Harrington. Microscopie Petrogra[)hy of the Drift of (Jentral Ontario, by A. P. Coleman. The Digestibility of Certain Varieties of Bread : an Ex- perimental Study of the Alum Question, by Dr. P. F. Iluttan. An Investigation as to the Maximum Bending Moments at the points of support of Continuous Girders of n Spans, by Henry T. Bovey. m //AA'V-liOOA'. 1888. (15 .V Tiible of the Ciil)ical Expansion of Solids, by J. (I. McGregor. Occultations of Fixed Stars by the Moon: Prediction for a given place by a graphical method, by W. F. King. Determination of Time by Transits across the Vertical of Polaris, by E. Deville. The Longitude of Toronto Observatory, by Charles Carpmael and C. H. McLeod (with Appendix on the Longitude of Cobourg, Ontario, by C. H. Mc- Leod and G. W. Chandler). ABSTKACTS. The Classification and Nomenclature of Metalline Miner- als, by T. Sterry Hunt. Revision des El^m^nts de Geomt^trie d'Euclide, par C. P)ailla.rge. 1889. Tl c Maximum Shear and Bending Moment produced by a Live Load at different points of Horizontal Girder A B of Span 1, by H. T. Bovey. Notes on Mathematical Physics, by J. Loudon. A National Standard of Pitch, by J. Loudon 66 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Notes on some Unexplained Anomalies in the; Flame ileactions of certain Minerals and Chemical Bodies, by K. J. Chapman. Cruces Mathematicae, by N. F. Diipuis. On the Variation of Density, with the Concentralioii ol weak Aqueous Solutions of certain Sales, by J. G. McGregor. A Problem in Political Science, by Sandford Fleming. On the Hydroscopicity of certain Canadian Fossil Fuels, by G. C. Hoft'mann. Computation of Occultation and Eclipses for a given locality by Graphic Construction, by N. F. Dupuis. Annotated List of Minerals occurring m Canada, by G. C. Hoffmann. III SECTION IV. 1882. On the Quebec Group in Geology (with woodcut), by A. II. C. Selwyn. On the Cretaceous and Tertiary Floras of P>ritisli Columbia and the North- West Territories (with eight plates), by J. W. Dawson. On the Importance of Economizing and Preserving our Forests, by W. Saunders. On a General Section from the Laurentian Axis to the Rocky Mountains (with a woodcut), by G. M. Dawson. HAND-BOOK. 67 Xotes on the Distribution of Northern, Soutliern and Saline Plants in Canada, by John Macoun. Xotes on the Birds of Hudson's Bay, by K. Bell. On the Glaciation of Newfoundland, by Alex. Murray. On the Introduction and Dissemination of Noxious Insects, by W. Saunders. On the Lower Cretaceous Rocks of British Columbia, by J. F. Whiteaves. Illustrations of the Fauna of the St. John Group (with two plates), by G. F. Matthew. On some supposed AnneUcl Tracks from the Gas[)e Sandstone (with two plates), by J. F. Whiteaves. On the Classification of Crinoids, by E. fl. Chapman. 1883. On the Geology of Lake Superior, by A. R. C. Selwyn. On the Influence of Sex upon the Hybrids among Fruits, by W. Saunders. On the Flora of the Gaspe Peninsula, by John Macoun. On the Folding of the Carboniferous in the Maritime Provinces of Canada, by E. Gilpin, jr. On the Triassic of the Rocky Mountains and British Columbia, by G. M. Dawson. On a Method of Distin^'iishing Lucustrine from Marine Deposits, by G. F. Matthew. Notes on Canadian Polypetala, by John Macoun. Causes of the Fertility of th(; Lind in the Canadian North- West by R. Bell. M m TUK ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA i Nutu sur la guologie du Lac Saint Jean, par TAbbt; Laflamme. The Geological History of Serpentines, including Notes on Fre-Cainbrian Rocks, by T. Starry Hunt. A Historical Account of the Taconic Question in Geology, with a discussion of the relations of the Taconian Series to the older Crvstalline and to the Canibiiaii Rocks, Part I., by T. S terry Hunt. Hlustrations of the Fauna of the St. John Group (sup- plement), by G. F. Matthew. NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. (.)n the Physical and Geological History of the St. John River, N.B., by L, N. Bailey. On some Ferruginous Concretions, by D. Honeyman. On Erosion from Coast Ice and Floating Ice in tluj Baie des Chaleurs, by R. Chalmers. On a Specimen of the Inferior Maxilla of Ph<»ca Groen- landica, by J. A. Grant. 1884. On some Relations of Geolos^ical Work in Canada and in the Old World, by Sir J. W. Dawson. Notes on the Manganese Ores of Nova Scotia, by Kdwiii Gilpin. Revision of the Canadian Ranunculacea?, by Ge('r Lawson. <!<-' HAND-BOOK, G9 Oil ( Jeulouical Crmtrt ^ts.'ind Ancient Kvosiun in Southern and Centi';»l New Brunswick, by L. W. Bjiiley. Illiistrationo uf the Fauna of the St. John (Irouj) (con- tinued) : On th(i Corocoryphea. with iurth<'i' remarks on Pjuadoxides, bv G. F. Matthew. A Historical Accouii of the Taconic Question in (Jeology, with a discussion of the relations of the Taconian ►Series to the older Crystalline and to the Cambrian Itocks, Part 11., by T. Sterry Hunt. On some Deposits of Titaniferous Iron(.)re in the Conn- ties of Haliburton and Hastings, Ontario, liy E.J, Chapman. On Mimetism in Inorganic Nature, by E. J. Cliapman. Canadian Filicinijx?, l)y J. Macoun and T. J. W. lUirgess. Notes sur certains depots auriferes de la Beauce, par I'Abbe Laflamme. X(jtes sur un gisement d' emeraude nu Saguenay, par TAbbe Laflamme. Xotes on the Occurrence of Certain Butterflies in Can- ada, by W. Saunders. Xote on a Decapod Crustacean from the Upper Cre- taceous of High wood River, Alberta, N.W.T., by J. F. Whiteaves. Description of a new species of Ammonite from the Cretaceous Rocks of Fort St. John, on the Peace River, by J. F. Whiteaves. 3 70 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OE CANADA ABSTIIACTS. The Geology and Economic; Minerals of Hudson Bay and Noithern Canada, by 11. Bell. Notes on Observations, 1883, on the Geology of the North Shore of Lake Superior, by A. li. C. Selwyu. 1885. On the Mesozoic Floras of the Eocky Mountain Kegion of Canada, by Sir J. W. Dawson. On the Wallbridge Hematite Mine, as illustrating the stock-formed mode of occurrence in certain ore deposits, by E. J. Chapman. Geology of Cornwallis or McNab's Island, Halifax Harbour, by Eev. D. Honey man. Illustrations of the Fauna of the St. John Group (con- tinued) : No. ill. — Descriptions of New Genera and Species .(including a description of a new Species of Selenopleura, by »!. F. Whiteaves), by G. F. Matthew. Catalogue of Canadian Butterflies, with notes on their distribution, by W. Saunders. On the Skull and Auditory Organ of the Siluroid Hy- pophthalmus, by B. Kamsay Wright. 1886. Presidential Address : Some points in which American Geological Science is indebted to Canada, by Sir J. W. Dawson. HAND-BOOK. 71 Recent Additions fo Canadian Filicincw, witli \w.\s stations for some of the species previously reported, by T. J. VV. Burgess. ( )n the Fossil Plants of the Laramie Formation of Can- ada, by Sir J. W. Dawson. On the Silurian System of Northern Maine, New Bruns- wick and Quebec, by L. W. Bailey. Note sur le contact des formations ])al(!ozoi((Ues (^t arch^ennes, de la province de Quebec, par TAbbcj Jiallamme. Mechanism of Movement in (Jucurbitn, Vitis and Robinia, by I). P. Penliallow. < )n Certain Borinj:;s in Manitoba and the Noi'th-West Territory, by G. W. Dawson. Illustrations of the Fossil Fishes of the Devonian Ro(;k's of Canada (Part I.), by J. F. Whiteaves. On some Marine Invertebrata, dredged or otherwise collected by Dr. G. M. Dawson, in 1885, in the Noithern part of the Strait of Georgia, in Dis- covery Passage. Johnstone Strait, and Queen Charlotte and Quatsino Sounds, Britisli (Jolumbia, with a Supplementary List of a few Land and Freshwater Shells, Fi-hes, P»irds, etc., from the same region, by J. F. Whiteaves. On the Glaciation and Pleistocene Subsidence of Northern New^ Bninswick and South Eastern Quebec, by R. Chalmers. 72 THE JWYAL SOCIFIY or CANADA f On tlic Ciiinbiian Faunas of Cape Breton and New- foundland, by G. F. Matthews. Notes on tlie Limestones of East Kiver, Pietou, N.S., by Edwin CJib)in, jr. Preliminary Peport of some Graptolites fron^ the Lower Palaeozoic Koeks on the South side of the St. Lawrence, from Cape l^)sier to Tartigo liiver, from the North Shore of the Island of Orleans one mile al)ove Cap liouge, and from the Cave Fields, Cjuebee, by Charles Lapworth. 1887. Michel Sarrazin : materiaux pour servir a I'histoire de la science en Canada, par I'Abbe Laflamme. The Faults and Foldings of the Pietou Coal Field, by Fdwin Gil])in, jr. Note on Fossil Woods and other Plant Remains from the Cretaceous and Laramie Formations of the Western Territories of Canada, by Sir William Dawson. Notes on the Physiography and Geology of Aroostook County, Maine, by L. W. Bailey. A Peview of Canadian Botany from the First Settlement of New France to the Nineteenth Century, Part L, )»y ]). P. Penlialluw. The Correlation of the Aniniikic and Huronian Pocks of Lake Superi(»r, by Peter McKellar. The Geogia[)hy and Geology of Baffin Land, by Franz Boas. HAND-BOOK. 7H The Physical and Zoological Character of the Ungava District, Labrador, by Liicieu M. Turner. Do any Canadian Bats Migrate ? P^idence in the Attirmative, by Dr. C. Hart Merriam. (dacial Erosion in Norway and in High Latitudes, by J. W. Spencer. On the Theory of Glacial Motion, b}' J. W. Spencer. The Petroleum Field of Ontario, by R. P»ell. Illustrations of the Fauna of the St. John Group : No. IV, Part L — Description of a new species of Pa- radoxides (paradox ides regina). Part 11. — The Smaller Trilobites with Eyes (Ptychoparidae and Ellipsocephalidic), by G. F. Matthew. Marine Algoe of New Brunswick, by George U. Hay (with an Appendix containing a list of the Marine Algae of the Maritime Provinces of the Dominion of Canada, with Notes, by G. U. Hay and A. H. Mackay). Squirrels : their Habits and Intelligence, with special reference to Feigning, by Dr. T. Wesley Mills (with an Appendix upon the Chickaree, or Red Squirrel, by Dr. R. Bell). Arctic Plants Growing in New Brunswick, with Notes on their Distribution, by the Rev. James Fowler. Remarks on the Flora of the Northern Shores of America, with Tabulated Observations made by F. F. Paine on the Seasonal Develojjment of Plants at Cape n THE ROYAL SOCIETY OE CANADA V mice n f Wales, Hudson Strait, durinir 1880, ])v (jleorue Lavvsoii, 1888. Presidential Address: Tlie[^Hnrunian System of Caiiadii, by Dr. K,. Bell. \a\ gaz nature] dans la, province dc Quebec, par rAl)lH' [.idli unnie ( )n Neniatophyton a,iid allied forms from the Devonian (Krian) of ()as])e and Baie des (Jbaleurs, by I). P. l*eidiallovv (with Introductory Notes, by Sir William Dawson). On some remarkable Orgjuiisms of the Silurian and De- vonian Jtocks in Southern New Brunswick, bv (J. K. ]\ratthew. Notes on the Nova Scotia (iold Veins, l)y E. (iilpin, jr. On Cretaceous Plants from Port McNeill, Vancouver Island, bv Sir Williaui Dawson and Dr. G. M. D; iwson. Observations on Early Ripening/ Cereals, by William Saunders. Illustrations oi'the Fossil Fishes of the Devonian liocks of Canada, Part II., by d. F. Whiteaves. On the Nymjihti'aceR^j by George Lawson. 1889. Presidential Address : On tlie Proijjress of Geoloj^ical Investigation in New Brunswick, by L. W. Bailey. HAND-BOOK, 75 Xotes on Devonian Plants, by]). V. Ponhallow. On New Species of Fossil Sponges from the Siluio- Cambrian at Little Metis on the Lower St. Law- rence, by Sir William Dawson (including Notes on the Specimens, by G. J. Hindej. <)n some lielations between the (Jeology of Eastern Maine and that of New Brunswick, by L. W. Bailey. on Fossil Plants collected by Mr. P. A. McConnell on Mackenzie Piver, and by Mr. T. C. Weston on Bow Piver, by Sir William iJawson. Descriptions of Eight New S])ecies of Fossils from the Cambro Silurian Pocks of Manitoba, by J. F. Whiteaves. Fresh-water Sponges of Canada a,nd Newfoundland, by A. H. Mackay. Note^ on the Geography and Geology of the Pig Bend of the Columbia, by A. P. Coleman. Tht Yield of Spring Wheat, Barley and Oats, grow;n as single Plants, by W. Saunders. Some Pemarks on the Classification of Trilobites, as in- fluenced by Stratigraphical Pelations, with outline of a new grouping of these forms, by E. J. Chaj)- man. The Iroquois Beach : a cha))ter in the Geogra[>hical History of Lake Ontfirio, by F. W. Spencer. On Cambrian Organisms in Acadia., by G. F. Matthew, ^i^'js 76 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OE CANADA i !* I The following are the contents of Volume VIII. SECTIOX I. Kc'alistes et Deca'lents, pa?* N. Legendre. La Fenune dans la Socii'te Moderne, par N". Legendre. Les Points Obscurs des Voyages de Jacques ' artier, par Paul de Cazes. Nos gros chagrins et nos pel its malheurs, par F. G. Mar- chand. Les Scandinaves en Amerique, par Alphonse Gagnon. Chez Victor Hugo, par Louis Frechette. Le Premier Gouverneur Anglais de Quebec, par T M. LeMoine. La Famille de Callieres, par Benjamin Suite. Jacques Cartier, Questions de Oalendrier Civil et Eccle- siastique, par I'Abbe Hospice Verreau. SECTION IL Canadian Studies in Comparative Politics, by John George Bourinot. The American Bison — Its habits, methods of capture and economic use in the North- West, with reference to its extinction and possible preservation, by Charles Mair. The Vinland of the Northmen, by Sir Daniel Wilson. The Portuguese on the North-east coast of America and the first attempt at colonization there. A lost chapter in American history, by George Patterson. HAND BOOK, 77 H) hll )ure !nce by SECTION III. Presidential Address : Unit Measure of Time, bv Sand- ford Fleming. Milk Analysis by the Asbestos Method, by Frank F. Shutt. Drift Eocks of Central Ontario, by A. P, Coleman. On the Density of Weak A(|ueoiis Solutions of Certain Sulphates, by J. G. MacGregor. On a peculiar form of Metallic Iron found in Huronian Quartzite, on the north shore of St. Joseph Island, Lake Huron, Ontario, by G. Christian Hoffmann. Sun Spots Observed at McGill Observatory, by C. H. McLeod. (^n a Test of Ewinoj and McGregor's Method of Measur- ing the Electric Resistance of Electrolytes, by J. G. McGregor. Tidal Observations in Canada, by Alexander Johnson. Notes and Specimens of Nephrit(3s from British Colum- bia, by B. J. Harrington. SECTION IV. Presidential Address : On the later Physiographical Geology of the Rocky Mountain Region in Canada, with special reference to (changes in Pllevation and to the History of the ( Hacifd Period, by George W. Dawson. 7H THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA On Fossil Plautsjfrom tlio Siniilkainecn Valley and other places inllu^ soutliern interior of British Columbia, by Sir J. William Dawson. I)es(!rij)tions of some new or jawiously unrecorded species of Fossils from the Devonian Rocks of Manitoba, by J. F. Wliiteaves. Forannnifera and Radiolaria from the Cretaceous of Manitoba, by Joseph B. Tyrrell. The (nddence of a Nova Scotia Carboniferous Conglo- merate, by E. (Jilpin. Sr. Ilhistrations of i lie Fauna, of the St. John Group, by C. F. Matthew. I HAND-BOOK. 7^ HLSTOKIOAL SKETCH OK MUNTJIKAL. In traciriii: the liist(H'v oi' niaiiy of tlic inorti itiiiKn'tant cities of the New World «as well as of the Old, wr find their origin dating l)ack to prehistoric times, shewing that the pioneer races, uncivilizetlas they wiae, werc^ not slow to reco<j:nize the heautv and natural advantaues of these sites. Thus in this connection it has heen said : '' Stadacone and liochelaga, (^)ue})ecand Montreal in the sixteenth century as well as in the idnettMMith Wi^rc the centres of Canadian population." It was to this Hoche- laga that Jacques Cartier, in ISoo, directed his cours«', after leaving his larger vessels at Stadacone. He found it a thriving centre of jKipidation, sunh as weie the Indian towns of the time, surrounded with fields ot Indian corn. From the delightful view as ^MiM\ from th(^ top of the mountain, he called it Mount Royal, and this name has supplanted the Indian original, and II<jchelaga is now only the name of th(' most eastin'n ward and the farthes': removed in the city from tlu^ primitive site. He describes the place as well fortified and of a circular form, and from the similarity of the dwellings to the • lescriptions given in the Jesuit delations as ja'eyailing ■1 80 THE ROY A I. SOCIETY OE CANADA ill Huron and Iiucjuois towns, tliere is little donht thai the inhabitants belonged to the Huron- lro([Uuis t'aniily. Traditions among the Mohawks point to the banks of the St. Lawrence as their old home. Another tradition relates that a Seneca maiden who was rejected by her iiance at tlie command of his father, a ciiief of the same tribe, refused to marry any brave until he had sworn t(» avenge her of the insult. A Huron chief acce[)ted hei' under this condition, and his slaying the Seneca chiuf brought the enmity of that tribe upon his own. In the war that ensued, the Hurons were at first successful, probably destroying Hochelaga in one of their attacks, but this success was deai'ly bought, for it resulted at length in the extermiu-ition of the tribe in the succeed- ing century. In 1611, Champlain ascended the St. Lawrence, and disembarking at Hochelaga, near the spot afterward known as Point a Calliere (the present site of the Custom Hoi'Se), he put up some buildings, and built a wall of bricks made from local clay deposits. He pr'riiounced the site one on which a large aiul im- portant city should at some time be built, l)ut he found no trace of the Indian town. The movement had begun among the Indian tribes resulting in the final supremac \ of the Iroquois, which tirst drove them from their flourishing settlements on the banks of the St. Ltiw- rence. HAND-BOOK SI Tlie iiicmnvy of the |»l;i(U' Imd rt^iiiiiiUMl loi't^ottiMi lor thrnti hundred yiuirs^ until, ITerculjinnuni-lik^', it was (li,scov(M'i'd hymen excaviitinn' for frumdations. First, a sl\'(deton was found in a sitting ])osturo, then other skide- tons. Tluui 8i)eciniens of [)ottery. On a more careful scareh l)eing made by hx'al anti([uarians, the rul)hish h(^*i]> of tlie town was discovered. This consisted of hroken pottery and pipes, with bones (jf the animals used its food, besides the fra|L»nients of other items in their bill of fare. Much of the habits of the old townsp(M)ple was i^^athered from these researches. But the whole work was <hiSultory, l>!'iuL»' left to the ca})rice of individuals. l[;i,d a more CiU'tiful survey been madc^, W(^ would pos- sibly have known the extent of the town anil its true shape. So far only the western border was touclied upon — that by the brook which, running- through McGill College grounds, passed down by Metc.dfe Street. The place is now covered with buildings, and further 0})portunity for research is gone. Thi particular s})ot was chopen ba- cause of its warm sandy soil, suitable f the cultivation (tf the Indian corn. \\\\ chi'd' fo > 1 pro liict of the ])eople. After Champlaiii's visit, the place I'emained unheedi^d, except that it wa^' (?,omm;Mited upon in the J(!suits' .rela- tions as a favorable spot for settlement, until Jerome le Royer de l;i Dauversiere, as is related, received a revelation to found an ot'dei' of Hospital Nuns at Mont- treal. About the same time, Jean J accrues Olier, a ^2 THE ROYAL SOCIErV OF CANADA }>iicsi, afterwards founder of the Seminary of St. Sulpicr, in Palis, was filled with inner promptings to found a socicity of ])riests and establish them at Montreal. These two enthusiasts met and talked of their scheme : they were joined by others, some with means, and the Associates of Notre Dame de Montreal were banded togeilier for the settlement of a community in the wilder- ness. Tlie seigniory, which included the whole island of ^lontreal, was purchased from the Hundred Associates. In IGil, the plans of the Society, who now numbered forty live, including Mademoiselle Mance, were so matured that the expedition was ready to sail. The command was given to Paul de Chomedy, Sieur de Maisonneuve, who as much of an enthusiast as the originators of the scheme was in every way qualified for the arduous task. He arrived at Quebec too late in tlie season to proceed farther up the river, and had to winter there amid trials and difficulties thrown in his way. The time was spent preparing for the voyage up the river, which was commenced as soon as spring opened. It was not therefore until the 18th of May, 1()42, that the little company of settlers, numbering fewer than lifiy, landed and took possession of Villemarie de Montreal. Thus next year, when all America will be celebrating the four hundredth anniversary of the landing of Columbus, Montreal will, on the 18th of May, cele- bnite tlui 250th anniversary of its foundation. HAND-BOOK, 83 The first sermon or address on landing given by their pastor, Father Viraont, seemed prophetic : ^' You are f(nv, but your work is the work of God. His smile is on you, and your children shall fill all the land." Pitching their tents in this wilderness thev laid them- selves down to sleep by their bivouac fires, and dreamed no doubt of the greatness of a city filled with a de- vout and God-loving people such as the Old World with all its evils could not produce. The little colony con- tinued on in that pioneer settlement, threatened now with hunger and then with the ever- watchful Iroquois, and hampered with the jealousy of Quebec. It seems a wonder that the new community continued to exist through all these evils. The first of the two projected institutions, that of the Hospital Nuns, was founded with Mademoiselle Mance as the director. In 1647, the Abbe de Quelus and three other priests were sent out by Olier to found a branch of the Seminary of Saint Sulpice in Montreal. About this time the settlement was joined l)y another of those who devoted their lives to the good work in founding this city — Mademoiselle Marguerite Bourgeoys. She became the founder of the Congregational Xunnery here. Thus these three flourishing institutions of to-day date back to the inception of the city. The fur trade tended to Montreal as the most convenient place, soon intercepting much that had formerly proceeded to Three Rivers and Quebec, It at length became the 84 77/ A" ROYAL SOCIEIY OF CAXADA entre]K)t of the tmilic. In 1660, there was a determintMl raid made iijhui tlie town by the liuquois. The warrior^ covered the ishmd, ready to capture or kill any thai should leave the cover of tlie fortifications. In 1722. the fortifications were built, and these 01 walls end 1808. A osing the wi.ole town were not removed until remnant continued until the demolition of the Quebec Gate Barracks in 1881. A citadel was built on a hi<di mound near tlie eastern limits of the city. In the centre of the citadel stood a large windmill, where tlic grain brought in from the country was uround. When Earl Dalliousie was made (Tovernor (Jeniu'al he causiMl the mound to be removed, and his name was uiven t the Scjuare now occupying its place. o HAND-BOOK, 85 Tluj town coutimied slowly to make progress until the Conquest, when, invested by the two armies from the North and South, it ca})itulated in September, 1760. A medal awarded by Sir William Jolmson to the Indian chiefs who went with him to Montreal gives a very old but conventional view of the town. With this change came a time of ])eace, the first respite from a state of warfare or of exf>e(^tancy of war ever enjoyed by Montreal. A new lace came, too, inspir- inu' fresh enerov and a revival of the old-tinK^ love of enterprise in the citizens. And these two races have continued to emulate and stimulate each other with a liarmony hardly elsewhere to be found. When the colonies to the South revolted, althoudi there were some restless spirits in. the city, the people remained firm t') tht rule which they found to be such iUi improvement on the carnival of extravagance and fraud that had prevailed in the years preceding the (Jonquest. Although the invading army utider Mont- gomery, with Franklin as its mouthpiece, used all its jtersuasive powers to induce the citizens to throw in tlieir lot with the Thirteen Colonies, these citizens could not forget the old feuds; so, with the defeat of the invaders at Quebec and the advance of succour, Montreal soon leturned to her British alleiiiance, with whi(;h nothin<' lias since hai)jiened to interfere. Tlui fur trade now began t<» centre more and more in the town, the Hudson Bay Company diverting much of IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) « /. W^ 1.0 I.I -" Ilia ~ 2.0 1.8 i 1.25 1.4 1.6 ; -^ 6" — ► ^i <^ /} 7 "c^l e: ci % /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4S03 .•V iV n>' \\ % .V % 6^ m w^ m 86 THE RO\AL SOCIETY OF CANADA its business to the St. Lawrence route, while anew com- petition in the shape of the Northwest Company was organized. This grew out of tlie wrecks of the old Frencli trade. The chief promoters of this company were enoi- getic Scotchmen, who, seeming to have caught the spirit of the old voyageurs, made their company prosperous ami famous. Among these voyageurs, French and Scotch. was organized a club, in which social intercourse was enjoyed in recounting during the long winter evenings their summer adventures in the Western wilds. Many prominent names in the city's history were enrolled as its members. It was the first organization of the kind in the city, and, although mainly social in its character, was the forerunner of those literary and scientific institu- tions that have helped so much to stimulate the study of literature and science throughout Canada. The war of 1812 stimulated tlje patriotism of the citi- zens to its utmost, while the capture of Fort Detroit and the bringing of General Hull to Montreal inspired unbounded enthusiasm. The proximity of the city to the border and its defenceless condition kept it in constant alarm whenever a rumor of an invading army was approaching. On the close of the war the citizens returned to their avocations, and quiet reigned until the years preceding the memorable days of 18:37. The agitaiion for respon- sible government which pervaded the whole Province r^AND-BOOK. 87 new com- pany Was W French ''ere enoi- fche spirit erous and d Scotch ►urse was eveni n,i,^s Many led as its ' kind ill iter, was institu- study of the citi- foifc and nspired ' to the instant ly was cuhuinated in that year in open strife, it could not be called warfare. The centre of the movement was in Montreal, but the attempts at independence, notwith- standing the sympathy from the United States, soon proved abortive. Yet the main point in the dispute was secured, for responsible government was granted. But shortly aftcjr- ward, on a bill passing the Legislature indemnifying all who had sustained loss in the rebellion, a riot ensued in which the Parliament House was burnt. This caused the removal of the seat of government permanently from Montreal, although the most convenient centre. The greatest loss of the occasion was the burning of the par- liamentary library, rich in Canadian archives and works on Canadian history. Since then, although there have been times of dull- ness and depression, the city has continued to a<ivance in material wealth. Science and literature have not been neglected. Many of our citizens have made them- selves famous in all departments. While such is the scientific reputation of our students, coupled with private munificence, that the two foremost Scientific Associations of the English-speaking world, the British Association and the American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science, have held meetings in Montreal, an honour that no other city has enjoyed. 88 IIIR ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA PUBLIC LIliKAUlES. ti .^'4 Little is recorded regarding the facilities enjoyed Ijy the reading public in Montreal in the olden time. Most of the early attempts to found Public Libraries seem in the long run to have proved faihires. Of the first insti- tution of the kind in the city, known as the " Montreal Library," we learn that it was founded in 1796, that it was owned by a joint stock company, and that it con- tinued to exist in various habitations until 1844, when the books, 2,980 in number, were purchased by tlio Mercantile Library Association. In 1811, a Library Association was established under the ausi)ices of Governor Craig, known as the " Craii; Library," but it seems never to have grown beyond a small beginning. The Mercantile Library Association was oi'ganized in 1840, and continued with varying success until 18G4, when a lot was purchased on Bona venture Street (nuw St. James), and a suitable building erected thereon. Although the new move was entered upon with much enthusiasm and a large liieinborship roll secured, the interest began to Hag, and, after a time, active work was given up, when, in 1886, the books, numbering less than 5,000, became the first instalment placed ou tlie shelves of the newly organized Fraser Institute. The Institut Canadien was founded in 1844 and in- corporated in 1852. In 1854 a building was erected, HAND-BOOK. Mild, for a time, the Institute was a successful factor in the education of tfie peo])hi. A valuable donation of books, most beautifully illustrated, was presented V)y Prince Napoleon, The library, by this time, had in- creased to 7,500 volumes ; but the institution falling at length into financial difficulties, the building was sold atid the books handed over to the Fraser Institute. This Institute was founded by Hugh Fraser, Esq., who, by his will, left the bulk of his estate, valued at S500,.)00, to found a free public library to be known by his name. A prolonged litigation prevented for many years the executors from carrying out the provisions of the will. After a final judgment in favour of the Insti- tute, it was organized with the books from the Mercantile Library Association and Institut Canadien, together with the private library of the Hon. Justice Mackay. Additions have from time to time been made, bringing the total number to 30,000 volumes. Thus the Fraser Institute is a linerJ descendant of the Montreal Library of 1796, the first organized in the city. The Mechanics* Institute, founded in 1828 and in- corporated in 1845, is the only one of the old public libraries that has retained its corporate existence until now. It still continues to occupy its original building, erected over forty years ago, and has proved highly ))eneficial in the city as an educator of young men. It has a library aggregating over 5,000 volumes. The other Libraries are : — ^ 90 rilE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA McGill College, about 30,000 vohniKs McGill College (Medicjil) " 7,000 Advocates' Library " 16,000 Union Catholique, " 20,000 St. Mar/s College, " 10,000 Presbyterian College, " 10,000 Congregational College '' 4,000 Young Men's Christian Association, " 8,000 " Cabinet de lecture, " 5,000 Seminary, Notre Dame street, about... 25,000 " College, Sherbrooke St., " ...40,000 Jacques Cartier Normal School ) , , r 15 000 " and Societe Historique, " J ^' HAND- HOOK. 01 AFKILIATEI) SOCIKTIKS. NATL'HAL IIISTOUY SUCIETY. This Society was founded ou the 16th of May, 1827. On August 20th of the same year the Montreal Gazette leaves an account of the Society, placing the member- ship at fifty-three, with encouraging prospects. The (tfficers were : — President, S. Sewell, Esq. ; Vice-Presi- dents, Cols. Hill and Mackay and Dr. Wm. Caldwell ; Secretaries, T. S. McCord, Esq., and Dr. A. F, Holmes ; Librarian and Cabinet Keeper, Mr. H. H. Cunningham ; Committee men, Kev. H. Esson, Dr. J. Stephenson, and Mr. J. M. Cairns. In 1832, the Museum had so grown that an Act of Incorporation was secured, and later, the Rev. James Sommerville bequeathed a sum of money to found a course of free public lectures. Since then the Sommer- ville Lectures have been an annual feature of the Society's work. In 1858 a permanent building was secured and the Museum so arranged as to be made a more avail- able factor for scientific education in the city. The Canadian Naturalist and Geologists commenced in 1857 by Mr. E. Billings, was in the following year mi 92 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA made the organ of the Society. In 1884 the name of the publication was changed to the Canadian Record of Science. In all, over twenty volumes have been published, replete with articles bearing on Canadian Science. SOClfel/i: HISTORIQUE. The Soci^te Historique of Montreal, founded in 1 8 57, was regularly incorporated in 1858 under the presidency of Mr. Commander Viger. It has published, under the title of MemoircH et Documents relatifs d Vhistoire du Canada, the following eight volumes : — 1st. De I'esclavage en Canada. 2nd. La famille de Lauson^t les vice-Rois et Lieu- tenants Gdn^raux des Rois de France en Amerique. 3rd. Ordonnances de M. de Maisonneuve, Gouverneur de Montrt^al. 4th. Histoire du Montreal, 1640-1672, par M. DoUier de Casson. 5th. R6gne Militaire en Canada. 6th. Vovage de MM. Dollier et Gallinee. 7th. Voyage de Kalm en Amerique. 8th. Les v^ritables motifs des Messieurs et Dames de la Socidte de Notre Dame de Montreal. Hi ■si' NUMFSMATIC AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. This Society was founded in December, 1862, by a few gentlemen interested in the study of Numismatics, IIAND'JWOK. 93 under the name of " The Numismatic Society of Mont- real." In 1866, the name was changed ; and in 1870, \\\\ act of incorporation was secured. Early in the history i»f the Society a work was commenced describing the coins of Canada, but, as one of the committee died and iiiiother removed from the city, the work was dropped. Another committee took it up and brought the work to completion. In 1872, the publication of the Canadian Antiqua- dan was commenced, and so far fourteen volumes have appeared with articles on the antiquarian and numis- matic history of the Dominion. . In 1877, the fourth centenary of Caxton was held under the auspices of the Society, at which the wealth of our public and private libraries in early printing, editions de luxe and rare and valuable works. The twenty -fifth anniversary of the Society was ce- lebrated two years ago, with an exliibition of portraits of persons celebrated in Canadian history. =^ THE SOCIETY FOR HISTORICAL STUDIES was the outcome of a movement among a few young men of Montreal, specially interested in the study of Canadian History. Towards the close of 1885, work was commenced, and a room secured in the Fraser * Copies of the Historical Portrait Catalogue can be had from any of the officers of the Society. 94 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Institute, where fortnightly meetings were held. In ;ill some thirty-six papers have been read, each devoted to a special period in our history. A number of these havt* been published in Caiiadiana, the organ of the Society. Two of the papers have appeared in book form, meeting with a large sale, and receiving favorable notice from literary critics. (JEKCLK LITTfcR/VIRE FRANgAIS. This Society, organized in 1885, has for its object the cultivation of n literary taste among its members. Many original papers have befen^read at its meetings, a num- ber of which liavc been published. ..;*"' THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. This Society was organized and incorporated in 1887 for the furtherance of a more extended knowledge of prac- tical science among its members. Its membership, in- cluding associates, now numbers considerably over five hundred. A hall with reading-room has been secured at 112 Mansfield Street, where the library of the Society, already very complete on the subjects relating to the science, may be consulted. Meetings are held twice a month, at whijh papers are read and discussed. These papers appear in the Society's Proceedings, published semiannually. HAND'IWOh\ 96 SOCIETV OK CANADIAN LITEUATl^iE. This Society was organized January 27th, 1889, for "the acquirement and diffusion of a knowledge of our best poetry, romance, historic works and other writings, the provision ot a centre for local literary life and for the encouragement of all proper literary woiks and movements throughout the country." A number of papers read before the Society liave been published. ART. The Art Association of Montreal was instituted in 1860. Annual exhibitions were held of such works of art as were produced or brought into the city during the year. This was almost the only means available to educate the citizens in the love of the higher art until the death of Mr. Benaiah Gibb, in 1877. He bequeathed his valuable collection of ninety paintings, a lot of land and $8,000 in money to found an Art Gallery. Many paintings, especially by Canadian artists, have since been added. The annual exhibition of the Royal Canadian Academy are re-exhibited in the Gallery, which, with local exhibits, art classes and lectures, has created an atmosphere of higher art in the city that had heretofore been wanbiii'. 96 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA There are a number of private collections in the city, some of them far exceeding that of the Association in value, and in containing representatives of the different schools of the present as well as of the past. HAND-BOOK. 97 HISTORIC BUILDINGS. Very little remains of old Montreal. The necessities of (joinmerce have carried most of it away, and what little remains seems dc. ined soon to disappear. It was only the other day that the old building occupied by the Fabrique was tc ■ i down. THE SEMINARY. Part of the old building next to Notre Dame Church, built by Abb^ Qu(5'.us in 1657 for the Seminary, is stiii standing, apparently as strong as ever. The strength of these walls to-day attest the thoroughness of the work performed by the first builders of Montreal. The stones were not hewn like those of to-day from the quar- ries, but were such boulders as were scattered over the ground belonging to the boulder clay period. They were in fact quarried from the old Laurentide mountains by frost and transported hither by ice. Thus was the first work of our first building performed without hand ages ago. The clock in this building still strikes the hours and quaiters, telling the time to the citizens of Montreal at the close of the nineteenth century as well as it did in the seventeenth. ii^B^ ;H ^m i 98 TffE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA THE TOWERS. The '^ old fort de la niontagne," as it was wont to be called, erected as a bulwark against the inroads of the Indians, was flanked by two towers, which towers were allowed to remain when the new college on Sherbrooke street was erected. Mrs. Leprohon, in a beautiful poem, has so graphically gi ven thehistory of the place, thai it may be well to quote it here in full. THE Ol.DTOWKRS OF MOUNT ROYAL OR VJLLE MAfilK. j^ M t On proud Mount Royal's eaHtern side, In view of St. Lawrence's silver tide. Are two stone towers of masonry rude. With massive doors of timedarken'd wood : Traces of loopholes are in the walls. While softly across them the sunlight falls ; Around broad meadows, quiet and green. With grazing cattle— a pastoral scene. Those towers tell of a time long past, When the red man roamed o'er regions vast. And the settlers — men of bold heart and brow- Had to use the sword as well as the plough ; When women (no lovelier now than then) Had to do the deeds of undaunted men, And when higher aims engrossed the heart Than study of fashions and toilet's art. HAND-BOOK. 99 A hardy race from beyond tiki' sea Were those ancient founders of Ville Marie ! The treacherous Sioux and Iroquois bold Gathered round them as wolves that beset a fold, Yet they sought their rest free from coward fears ; Though war-whoops often reached their oars, Or battle's red light their slumbers dispel, — They knew God could guard and protect them well. Look we back nigh two hundred years ago : Softly St. Lawrence bright waters tiow, Shines the glad sun on each purple hill, Rougemont, St. Hilary, Boucherville, Kissing the fairy-like isle of St. Paul's, Where, hushed and holy, the twilight falls Or St. Helen's, amid the green wave's spray, All lovely and calm as it is to-day. No villas with porticos handsome, wide, Then dotted our queenly mountain's side; No busy and populous city nigh Raised steeples and domes to the clear blue sky ; Uncleared, unsettled our forests hoar ; IJnbridged our river, unwharved each shore : While over the waves of emerald hue Glided, lightly, the Indian's bark canoe. ft was in those towers — the Southern one — Sister Margaret Bourgeoys, that sainted nun, Sat patiently teaching, day after day. How to find to Jesus the blessed way, 'Mid the daughters swarth of the forest dell, Who first from her lips of a God heard tell, And learned the virtues that woman should gruce, Whatever might be her rank or race. 100 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA s , "i Here, too, in tlie cliapel-tower buried deep, An Indian brave, and lii« gran<l-c;liild Hleep. True model of womanly virtuew — she — Acquired at Margaret Bourgeoys' knee ; He, won to Clr ist from liis own dark creed, B'ronj the trammels fierce of his cldldliood freed, Lowly humbled his savage Huron pride, And amid pale-faces lived and died. W ith each added year grows our city fair. The steepled church, and spacious square; Villas and mansions of stately pride Embellish it now on everv side; Buildings — old landmarks — vanish each day, For stately successors to make way ; But from change like that may time leave free The ancient towers of Ville Marie ! CHATEAU DE RAMEZAY, Opposite the City Hall on Notre Dame street, was known as " le vieux chateau," and then as the old Govern- ment house. It was built by Claud de Ramezay shortly after his appointment as Governor of Montreal in 1704. In 1745 it was purchased from his heirs by the " Com- pagnie des Indes," and thus became the chef-lieu of the fur trade. Shortly after the Conquest it was purchased by the Government, and was made an official residence of the Governors. During the American War and occu- pancy of 1775-1776 it was the headquarters of Gen- erals Wooster and Arnold. Since then it has been put to various uses, as Government offices, Normal School, HAND-BOOK. 101 Laval Law School and Court House. On several occa- sions its destruction has been threatened for permanent improvements. Should not the Government make the hi 'Iding over to the city with the proviso that it should be retained as a specimen of Old Montreal ? A museum could be collected of objects bearing on the history of the city. A goodly collection of these things could yet 1)6 got together which may soon be lost. BONSECOURS CHURCH, St. Paul street. Until a few years ago this church, with its cluster of small stores along the side next the Bon- sooours market, was an object of much historical interest. The foundations were laid by Margaret Bour- i^eoys in 1658, but the building was not completed until 1(375. In 1754 it was destroyed by fire and remained a ruin until 1771. It was re-dedicated in 1773, a century lifter its first dedication. Some years ago an intention was expressed that it should be removed, but the lovers of the antique in the city interfered and it was spared. But they might have saved themselves the trouble. Masons were set to work not to restore but to veneer the venerable pile, and it has been so modernized that, nothing appears but the design of a modern architect. Still on the water front the old sacristy remains, and is well worthy a visit. 102 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA n i Iv.' ST. GABRIEL STREET CHUKCII, Next the Champ- de-Mar3, was the first Protestant place of worship in the city. A Presbyterian congregation had been formed shortly after the Conquest, and throiioli the kindness of the Kecollet Fathers were aftorded a place of public worship in the Eecollet church until such time as they should be able to secure a building for themselv'vs. In 1792, this building was erected, and in it have worshipped many of those energetic Scots- men who made Montieal famous in the early days of the new regime. A few years ago the building was purchased by the Government, and its removal has ever since been threatened. nelson's monument Jacques Cartier Square, was erected in 1809. When the news of Nelson's death reached Montreal towards the close of the year 1805, a meeting of the citizens was called and a committee appointed to raise subscriptions and arrange for the erection of a monument worthy the memory of the great admiral. At the cost of five thousand dollars, the Doric column, surmounted by the figure of Nelson, was raised, reaching to a height of seventy feet. This, with the exception of the Queen's statue on Victoria Square, is the only thing of the kind to be found in any of the public places in the city. All the old citizens famous in the annals of Montreal remained uuhonored. HAND-BOOK, 103 THE MCTAVISH MONUMENT. About the beginning of the century, Simon McTavish commenced the erection of a residence on the slopes of Mount Royal, far surpassing in grandeur anything standing at that time in Montreal. Before its com- pletion he died, and the building, afterwards known as the ^'haunted house," remained standing unfinished until twenty years ago. The obelisk erected to his memory in rear of the house may be seen close to the wt3stern wall of the Allan property, PRIVATE HOUSES OF THE OLD REGIME. Very little remains of the better class of residences (luring this period. Most of them have been destroyed by fire, or removed, or altered to make way for the inroads of commerce. One of the best specimens extant may be seen in St. Nicholas Street, nearly opposite the Lovell Printing offices. There the vaulted ceiling carried to the second floor may be seen, POST CONQUEST HOUSES. Perhaps the best specimen of this period in Montreal architecture may be found at the corntJ i . Notre Dame and St. Peter streets. The great fire of 1765 had swept away everything from St, Peter street to the western wall, now McGill street, so everything iu 104 THE ROYAL S0CIE7'Y OF CANADA that part of the city may be classed as modern. Tn 1767 this building was erected by Fortier, a wealthy merchant, and much of the richness of its internal fittings remained up to a few years ago. W I'' HAND-BOOK. 105 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. THE UNIVEUSllY OF MCGILL COLLEGE. In 1813, James McGill, a merchant who had done ])nsiness for many years in Montreal, died, leaving the bulk of his fortune to the recently established Koyal Institution for the Advancement of Learning, to found a college to be known by his name. A prolonged litiga- tion prevented the institution from carrying out the details of the will until 1821. A Koyal Charter was then obtained, but it was not until 1833 that the first degree (M.D.) was granted. The college continued to struggle on, hampered for lack of means, until 1856, when it was reorganized and a large addition made to the endowment funds. Since then the munificence of the citizens has contributed to the effectiveness of the institution, until its landed pro- perty and invested funds has grown from the original gift of $120,000 from James McGill, to over one million dollars. 106 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA The different faculties are : — Arts — Granting the degrees, B.A., M.A. and LL.D. Applied Science — Granting degrees of Bachelor of Applied Science, Master of Applied Science, and Mas- ter of Engineering. Medicine — Leading to degree of M.D., CM. Lavj — With degree of B.C.L. and D.C.L. Faculty of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Surgery — With degree D.V.S. Theology — Is represented by four affiliated Colleges, representing four different denominations; most of these have the power to grant the degrees of B.D. and D.D. The Donalda College, or the Faculty of Arts for Women, has lately been amply endowed, and a building will soon be erected for its accommodation. The new building and provision for securing all the latest appliances in Mechanical, Electrical, and Mining Engineering brings the College abreast with the first schools of learning on the Continent. The library is especially rich in Medicine and History. The Canadian Department is also worthy of mention. McGill Normal School, connected with the College, trains most of the teachers for the Protestant Schools in the Province. HAND-BOOK. 107 SEMINAKY OF ST. SULPICE. This institution dates back to the founding of Montreal. The Seminary in Paris was organized by ()lier, with the intention of extending its operations to Montreal. In 1647, Abbe de Qui^lus came out and soon secured }»ossession of the Seigneury of Montreal from the Associates of Notre Dame de Montreal. A school for the priests was organized, and since then it has continued to educate most of the cur^s for the district. A department in Philosophy, known as Montreal College, was organized in 1767, in which the training is similar to that given in the High School. UNIVERSITY OF LAVAL. A branch of this University, which has its head cjuarters at Quebec, was established here a few years iigo, and seems likely to outshine the parent institution • iu the number of its students. It has in operation here, Faculties of Arts, Law, Medicine, and Science. ST. maky's college. St. Mary's College, under the management of the Jesuit Fathers, was founded in 1848. In 1855 the large building on Bleury Street was erected, with accommodation for about four hundred students. 108 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA n i^\ l'\ bishop's college. Tlie University of Bishop's College, Lennoxville, has its Medical Faculty in Montreal. Its building is on Ontario street, corner of Maiice. There are at present eighteen professors and about forty students connected with the Faculty. .JACQUES CARTIER NORMAL SCHOOL. This school, at which the teachers of most of the French Schools in the district are prepared, is under the Management of the Superintendent of Public Instruction. %'f HAND-BOOK. 109 PLACES OF HISTORICAL INTEREST IN THE VICINITV^ OF MONTREAL. LACIIINE. Th?s name was given, accordini,' to Abbe Faillon, in derision of LaSalle's "visionary" projects of discovery, and of his cx])octation of finding the ])assage to China. In 1666, a large i)art of the parish was granted to La- Salle, on which he built a fort and a dweUing. The latter is still standing. This place is memorable, too, for the terrible massacre in 16b9 by the Indians. A force of 1,500 Iroquois surrounded the village, and killed or captured nearly all its inhabitants. On the river bank is the last of the windmills still in operation. This was the subject of a memorable litigation. The Seminary owned all the water power on the island, and erected the mill at the head of the rapids now in ruins. When the windmill was erected, they claimed that their grant covered wind power also, but in this claim they were not sustained by the courts. W: 110 7///S ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA CAUGHNAWAOA. Opposite Lachine is the Indian village of Caughnii- waga, where the converts made among the Iroquois were brought and settled by the Jesuits. Here, removed fnuii the influence of their pagan surroundings, the J(\snits believed they could retain them as converts. By tlic English they were known as the praying Indians. Tin- old church, the antique appearance of the buildings, with the utter want of order in laying out, is well worthy • a visit. Gl ? ST. ANNS. This place is the scene of Moore's Canadian Eoat Song. An old fort was built here by LeBers of Senneville, HAND BOOK. Ill who, deciding to return to France after the Conquest, sailed in 1761, in the Augusta, and perished when the ship was wrecked. The ruins of the old fort may still be seen on the Abbott farm. • LAPRAIRIE. This was a flourishing town in the old times, as all trade between Montreal and the South had to be trans- ferred here, and the old batteau men made it famous. Although the place has a decayed appearance, the ruins of an old fort are there, and the houses mostly be- long to the past, for the inroads of nineteenth century architecture have made little impression on the place. LONGUEUIL. The Seigniory of Longueuil, by patent of Louis XIV., was erected into a barony in 1700, and Charles LeMoine, for his own bravery and that of his father, made a Baron. The Baron of Longueuil is the only one of the old Canadian titles continuing until to-day. The old fort and manor house was removed some years ago to make way for the new church. ST. Helen's island. This name was given in honour of Champlain's wife. It formed part of the Seigniory of Longueuil, and Charles LeMoine's second son received his name from the Island. 112 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Sir s w Although it hag boen made a public park, the northern end is retained as the only fortified point in the vicinity of Montreal. Part of the old fort can be seen when coming up the river. There is an old block house on the highest point of the island. MAISONNEIUVE. This suburb below the city was the place of landing and capture of Ethan Allan, one of the American leaders in the war of 1776-80. He was retained a prisoner in England for several years. VARENNES. The old fort in this place was a scene of a brave defence by two women, Madame de Vercheres and her daughter. The fort was attacked by the Iroquois when the men were at work in the fields, and so steadv was their aim that the Indians retired, leaving these tw(^ women as victors. Part of the ruined fort can be s«^en on the point near the steamboat landing. iL.M CIIAMBLY. The Richelieu river was the highway traversed by the Iroquois in their raids on Canada. Consequently n. series of forts were erected from its mouth to the liead of Lake Ghamplain. Of these forts, Ohambly is the most interesting. It was first built in 1665, but, falling "%• HAND-BOOK. 113 ^rtherii fcinity when ^se oil into ruinfi, it was rebuilt in 1711. During the stormy times of the old regime, it was well garrisoned. In the war of 1812 and during the Kebellion, Chambly was considered an important point, but since then the fort has been neglected and allowed to fall into decay. It was for a time used as a quarry by the inhabitants, but a few years ago antic^uarians came to the rescue, and the fort has been re:;tored. A beautiful statue of De Sala- berry, the Hero of Chateauguay, has lately been erected in Chambly. SAULT AU RECOLLET. When the Island of Montreal was granted to the Associates of Notre Dame de Montreal, a stipulation was made that no fort should be erected. In the mean- time the Isle Jesu was granted to the Seminary of Quebec. The branch of the Ottawa called Riviere des Prairies was the channel chosen by Indians who made the Ottawa River their highway. A post was planted liere to intercept the trade and a fort built only ten years after the founding of Montreal ; but the place, not being a suitable centre of population, never grew to one of any importance. LACHINE RAPIDS. A trap dyke running out from Mount Royal crosses the liver below Lachine, causing the obstruction known 114 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA W\ If as Lachine liapids. And from the days of Cham plain, "who was the first white man to chute them, the Rapids have always been an attractive feature to those visiting the city ; although now the feat, while still exciting, may be performed by steamer without danger, BELOEIL was one of those numerous openings in the great belt of the Utica period. It has suffered less from denudation, and is consequently higher than Mount Eoyal. The crater, which is about half a mile across, is filled up by a lake of clear water, from which flows a stream suffi- cient in volume to drive a mill. From it a beautiful view of the surrounding country can be had, and fifty years ago a pilgrimage to the summit was founded; but the large cross then erected was soon blown down, and the chapel has fallen to pieces. ST. BRUNO. Here midway between Mount Royal and Beloeil occur a series of hills known as Boucherville Mountain. These are the result of the same belt of volcanic action as other elevations in the district. There seems to have been no single craier continuing throughout the volcanic excitement of the period, but a series of openings active for a shorter or longer time. The sites of these small craters are now occupied by seven beautiful lakes that HAND-BOOK. 115 Iting tliig, add a cliariu to the scene. One of tlio most successful field days of the Natural History Society was held here. RIGAUD. On the top of a hillock to the east of the village is a rectangular barren patch of boulders surrounded by higher land covered by vegetation. The area of this patch is about 100 by 200 yards, and shows a series of ridges as furrowed by an immense plough, and is known as le guevet. These ridges are about eighteen to twuity-four inches deep and three or four feet apart; they are composed of well-rounded ])oulders froTu three to twelve inches in diameter. These boulders lie thickly piled to a considerabh^ depth (ovc^r fifteen feet of excavation shewed no diminution Oi' the boulders), amoug which the trickling of a bi'ook may be heard running below. Boulders of the same kind cover the surface of thc^ country for some distance round. L16 THE ROYAL SOCIE'IY Oh CAI^ADA THE GEOLOGY OF MONTIIEAL AND VICINITY. While scientific study was stimulated in no small degree by the Natural History Society, organized in 1827, geological research may be said not to have made any great advance in Montreal until tlie advent of Sir William Logan. It was through his instrumentality that the Provincial Geological Survey was established, and Montreal made its headquarters. Ahhougli since removed to Ottawa, the Geological Museum thus formed became an educator of the people, and geological study has been carried on in McGill LTniversity, and in the Peter Eedpath Museum connected with it, which has the best geological collection in Canada for educational purposes. The rocks in the vicinity of Montreal belong mainly to the Cambrian and Silurian periods, overlaid in most places by the Pleistocene. The di lie rent formations appear as sea margins, skirting the shores of the original Laurentian Continent stretching away to the North. This Continent having been gradually pushed up, en- larged its borders with each successive era. HAAD'BOOK, 117 1> > snjail 2ed in made of 8ii itality shed, niicd tudv tJie Iia.s ^iial I. Potsdam. — A bed of this rock crops out at St. Anns, in which the most characteristic fossil is Scolithus Canadensis^ Billings, now well ascertained to be worm burrows. Similar beds are found at Beauharnois, on which the tracks of crustaceans appear with rain drops and ripple marks. Some of these beds occur of a thick- ness suitable for pavements, and they have been to a limited extent worked for that purpose. II. Calciferous. — Overlying the Potsdam at St. Anns, an outcrop of this formation occurs in which species of Murchisonia, Pleurotoniaria and OjMleta are the most prominent fossils. As the stone seems un- suitable for economic purpose, it has not been quarried. III. Chazy. — ]kds of this formation occur about two miles to the North of Montreal. It is a deeper sea deposit than the two former, in wliich Brach'uqyoils are the prevailing fossils, with Rkynckonella ijiemi and several species of Orthis as the most abundant foruis. (Quarries were in early years opened in these beds, but the stone weathers to a brownish colour. These quarries are, therefore, now worked for foundation stone and rock-faced masonry. IV. Black Eivek — There is a fine exposure of tliese rocks at Point Claire near the station. Fossils are very abundant, and much more varied than in the chazy. Tetradium Jihratum is everywhere present, occuriing 118 THE KOVAL SOCIETY OF CANADA r ' I ill lartje masses. Much of the stone used in buildin<:f the piers of the Victoria Bridge was quarried from this place. V. Trenton. — Montreal owes much of the beauty ami solidity of its buildings to this formation. Although covered by the Pleistocene, it is mainly the formation on which the city is built. Quarries have been openiMJ out at different points from which the bulk of the build- ing stone used in the city is obtained. This stone, before coal came into general use, retained its fresli appearance for a long. time, which freshness strangers visiting the city were not slow to note. The quarries at the Mile Enil aff()rd a hue field for the ujeoWist as the rocks are rich in fossils. Corals, sncli as various species of the fjxmily Monticidiporidce, are most abniid- ant. with Crinon/s, /irachiopods, Cephalopods and Trilobites in great vaiiety. Vr. Utica. — This is a black shale found on Moffat's Island and along the banks of the river opposite the city. It cracks in every direction, and falls to pieces if exposed to frost when saturated with moisture! In some beds Gvaptolites and small Urthocerat/deh occur, but other fossils are rare. The eruptive mass com- posing Mount Royal dates from about this time, but volcanic action continued till the close of the Silurian, as also were the eruptive rocks at Rigaud, St. Bruno, HAND-BOOK. 119 Beloeil, Mount Johnson and Yam a ska. The cone of Mount lioyal must have been raised to a considerable height, with its base extending beyond St. Helen's Island. Horizontal sheets and vertical dikes alter- nating with the shale may be seen on Moffat's Island, and St. Helen's Island opposite the city. Fissures were opened up in the Trenton limestone and filled with lava radiating towards all points from the mountain» while the limestone close to these dikes and to the mountain is altered into a lighter coloured and more crystalline rock, with joints in different directions, and from which nearly all the fossils are obliter- ated. On St. Helen's Island large masses of breccia are exposed, composed of stones thrown by the volcano from the different formations through which it passed. Quarries have been opened up in some of the eruptive rocks near the city by the Corporation, where much of the material used in macadamizing the streets is now obtained. VII. Lower Helderberg. — A few small patches of this formation occur on the south shore of St. Helen's Island, in which many of the fossils usual to the period are found. As these patches are traversed by dikes it may be inferred that Mount Royal was still an active volcano. We have no trace of any of the intervening periods until the Pleistocene. During the Devonian, Carboniferous and Mesozoic a grand continental period THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA continued, all traces of which have been removed by denudation. n t\ VIII. Boulder Clay. — When foundations are dug in the lower part of the city and along the first ridge above Craioj Street, the Boulder Ciav is struck, indicatin<' glacial deposit. The rocks when uncovered at the quarries show by their striae the marks of ice action. IX. Leda Clay.^-TMs overlies the Boulder Clay in the upper portions of the city. Many recent shells now inhabiting the Arctic seas are found in the beds, espe- cially in the upper layers. It is from this clay that most of our bricks are made. X. Saxicava Sand. — This is named from its most characteristic fossil, which around the quarries is so abundant that the soil thrown out from excavations in this deposit is nearly white. This sand was formerly used for building purposes. Deposits containing recent fresh water shells are found in excavating different parts of the city, shewing that marsh land abounded here in former times. «D HAhD-FOOK. 121 THE BOTANY OF MONTREAL. Montreal has been more or less intimately identified with the progress of botanical science in Canada from a very early period in the history of the country. From the latter part of the seventeenth century, it has been a centre about which there have gradually gathered many features of interest, which cannot fail to attract the atten- tion of students from other localities. This has resulted in part from occurrences which are historical; in part from the peculiar situation and physical characteristics of the island itself, and also in large part from the advances which have been made in Canadian botany at this point, within the last few decades, under the direct patronage of the large and influential educational institutions gathered here. From the first settlements until near the close of the seventeenth century, the seat of government being almost exclusively at Quebec tended to concentrate learning at that point, which is permanently associated with the names of Sarrasin and Gauthier, and with the names of many others who have left a well-defined impression upon the development of Canadian botany. 122 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA L \ |»!r 'S t. \\ K. Ti The peculiar situation of Montreal and its natuml advantages, and consequent upon these conditions \\w gradual formation here of a separate governing body, soon led to its becoming the focus upon which were concen- trated the efforts of men who gave a decided impulse tu the study of the surrounding ilora, and permanently con- nected Montreal with the future growth of the then infant science. The Franciscan Hennepin was probably the first to give a somewhat connected though not always relialjlc account of the plants of this district. His narrative, covering the period from 1679 to 1682, was followed about forty years later by the more reliable and exten- sive and well-known records of the Jesuit Charlevoix. This zealous missionary gave the first authentic account of the manufacture of maple sugar as prepared by the Indians. In addition to noting the distinction of our native species, he shrewdly observed several also be- longing to the Old World flora ; though he made the rather serious mistake of confounding squashes and pumpkins, as grown by the Indians, with the musk and water melons of Europe — an error which was repeated by later and even more distinguished naturalists. The discovery of ginseng in this vicinity by the Jesuit Lafitau in 1716 gave an important impulse to the com- merce of Montreal for a number of years, the roots of this plant being exported in lai'ge quantities. HAND-BOOK. 123 111 1749, the S'vedish botanist, Peter Kalin, a student of Linnteus, stayed for some time at Montreal, and made it his base of operations for more extended explorations into the interior and down the St. Lawrence. The record of liis work liere is of very considerable impor- tance as bearing ui)on the local flora and upon introduced species, several of which he noted at that early date as becoming well established. He also observed a num- ber of indigenous plants which have since become extinct in this neighborhood. A little more than forty years later, Michaux visited Montreal, and afterwards penetrated east and north ward to Hudson's Bay, making discoveries of very consider- able botanical interest. Witliin the [)resent century, the German botanist Pursh took up his residence at Montreal, making it the point of departure for his well-known expeditions throughout the country. After a residence of several years, he died here, and his remains were interred in the old cemetery on Papineau road, where they suffered much neglect for many years. Through the efforts of the late Dr. Barnston and the Botanical Society of Montreal, they were finally moved to a more fitting resting place in Mount Royal Cemetery, where a monument was erected to the memory of him who had done much to advance the science in the cause of which he laid down his life. A n account of the life and work of Pursh may 124 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA be found in the Canadian Naturalist, New Series, vol. IX., p. 184. Prominent amont; the botanists of this century who have given Montreal more than local interest should be mentioned the late Dr. A. F. Holmes, who was the first occupant of the chair of Botany in the Medical Faculty of McGill University. He was a most diligent and enthusiastic collector, and his Herbarium, which now constitutes a very important part of the Herbarium of McGill University, is a very valuable one. It embraces more than one thousand species collected chieHy in the immediate vicinity of Montreal between the years 1820 and 1826. Particular interest attaches to these plants from the fact that the greater number were obtained from localities which have long since become occupied by factories and dwellings, many of them in places where the heart of the city stands to-day. Tlie collection alsu contains many introduced sj)ecies. At the present time, interest in botanical studies is centered in our v. u'ious educational institutions, some of which possess i-iuportant collections, and are more or less thoroughly e(][uipped for the prosecution of advanced work in this branch of Natural Science. The resources thus placed at the disposal of the student have received an important addition in the recent establishment of a Botanic Garden by McGill University. The rapid mul- tiplication of private conservatories within the past few yearf tural HA^D'BOOK. 125 years, and the valuable work of the Montreal Horticul- tural Society, have done much to stimulate an interest in plants, both as to their cultivation and scientific study. The Island of Montreal is situated in about 45^ 31' of N. latitude. It presents a great diversity of soil and exposure, particularly in the immediate vicinity of the city. This has the effect of concentrating within nar- row limits a somewhat wide range of species, which in other parts of Canada are widely scattered, and the Island as a whole may, therefore, be regarded as an epitome of the various botanical conditions dI the whole central region of Canada. The verv diversified character of the fiora about Mont- real is one of the first things to impress itself upon the student and attract the attention of strangers, and it is this fact among many others which has lent such a peculiar charm to the beautiful mountain upon whose side the city rests. An additional feature of importance is also to be found in the presence of Old World species which have escaped from cultivation, and, becoming spontaneous, have spread rapidly, often to the serious disadvantage of the farmer. Others, brought hither as seeds in refuse, or with the seeds of other plants, have gained but a precarious hold, and are to be found only in isolated localities, to which they cling with great tenacity, but beyond which they appear incapable of 120 rilE KOYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA jxtcndiiig. Numerous instances of this kind occur in the vicinity of Montreal, of Avhich one or two of the more conspicuous will serve as an illus- tration. Tlie orange hawkwecd (Bierachiru aurandia' cwiu) is not infrequent along roadsides, and has been obsencd extending iar into the Eastern Townsliiis along the United States boundary. The daphne (Daphne mezercuru) of Great Britain has for some years occupied a small and isolated station on Mount lioyal, beyond which it appears to be incapable of extending. A few years since an isolated case of the dwarf elder {Sam- buciiti ebuius) was brought to my notice as occurring at Cote St. Antoine, where it had established itself ujioii a heap of rubbish for several years. Thai the climate of Montreal is not too severe for the growth of many plants from other parts of the world, and even from more southern latitudes, is evi- dent from the fact that there are now established heie tine iind thrifty specimens of the salisburia (GhigJxo biioba) from Japan, and of the katsura {Circidiphyllunit jwj[)on'ku'L%) from the same place; as well as the ca- talpa (Cataljja speciosa) from the Middle United States. The flora of this district has undergone, and is still undei'going, changes which have greatly modified its cliaracter since the time of Charlevoix and Lafitau — changes of considerable importance to the student of I HAND-BOOK. 127 botanv who is concerned in trar^ing the influence of man upon the distribution of species, and the relation of such dispersion to climatic conditions. No systematic study of the botany of the Island of Montreal has been made since Dr. Holmes collected in 1820. Were such a work to be undertaken at the present time, it would, for many reasons, prove of very considerable value. The earliest spring flowers are to be found on the east- ern slope of Mount Royal, where the bold face of the mountain overhangs the I'oad leading past the upper reservoir. A mucli greater variety, and many of them quite as early, may be found by taking the path which leads from the incline railway station to the Protestant Cemetery. A little more than one hundred yards after leaving the Park road, one turns from the main path to the left, following what is known as Friar's Walk. The path shortly leads between the slope of the mountain and a low hill on the right. Here are to be found a rrre-v variety of ferns, and in their season, some of the riost charming of spring flowers, sucli as the spring u<kauty, the great tri Ilium and the golden yellow bell wort. From this point intot^^ ^ower lands towards Outremont, or along the slopes past the Protestant and on towards the Catholic Cemetery, one may find a variety of expo- sures and 3oii conditions which afford a great diversity of species. The literat.Te bearing directly upon the flora of Mont- real is u<;t ;*^r/ extensive. One of the most complete I 128 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA publications is a '* Catalogue of Canadian Plants in the H olmes Herbarium in the Cabinet of the University ut McGill College." This list was prepared by the late Dr. James Barnston, and appeared in the Canadian Natural- ist forl859. This latter publication a'jo contains scat- tered papers bearing more or less directly upon the botany of this district. Apart from the larger works, such as Hooker's Flora Boreali Americana, Macoun's Catalogue of Canadian Plants, and the w^orks ci Michaux and Pursh, the Manuals of Canadian b(jt uiy, oy tl e Abbe Moyen and the Abbe Provancher, will be fovind most useful guides, though Gray's Manual comprise ;^ nearly if not quite all the indigenous species liivoly tobj found in tliis vicinity. HAND-BOOK. 121) EECEPTION. The Keception and Invitation Committee will receive the Eoyal Society and Associate Members in the William Molson Hall,'^ McGill College, on Wednesday, May 27th at 10 a.m. ENTERTAINMENTS AND EXCURSIONS. The Committee on Entertainments and Excursions will do all in their power to provide for the leisure moments of the distinguished guests attending the annual meeting in this city. Montreal and its immediate vicinity has many points of interest, not only to the tourist on pleasure bent, but also to the scientist seeking for information. It is almost impossible, so early in advance, to precise a list of entertainments and excursions, and the Committee therefore can only indicate in a general manner what they intend doing. Carriages will be provided to convey the members and associates to the summit of Mount Royal Park, whence, after enjoying a view of the city and surrounding coun- Koom No. 1 on diagram. 130 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA try, they will continue their drive around the second mountain, and by Notre Dame de Grace hack to the city. To many, a trip to Lachine and down the far-famed rapids will be an interesting novelty. The town of Caughnawaga, where live in peace and prosperity the descendants of the Iroquois tribe of In- d'^ns, will furnish an opportunity of studying the care ta: . ' y the Federal Government in securing the com- fort aa(! happiness of its Indian wards. If possible, the Committee will arrange for a trip either to Rigaud, where " Le% GtuMts " can be seen, or to Beloeil, St. Bruno, Chambly or St. Anns. As all these points of interest are near Montreal, and are easy of access by rail or by boat, they will prove an agreeable relaxation from the more serious and important features of the meeting. Garden parties will also be tendered the guests by some of the leading citizens of Montreal ; the Natural History Society will hold a reception at McGill Univer- sity, and a conversazione will be held in the Art Gallery of Montreal. HOTELS AND LODGINGS. The City of Montreal has gained an enviable reputa- tion, not only for the excellence of its hotels and lodging houses, but also for the hospitality of her citizens. HAND-BOOK. 131 In this age of ease and luxury, no city can oft'er a better recommendation to intending visitors than the assurance of good accommodation. The Committee on Hotels and Lodgings, realizing the importance of the work assigned to it, are fully determined that nothing shall be left undone on their part that will in any way contribute to the comfort of members of the Koyal Society, or those of its friends, who may attend at the approaching meeting as our guests. Arrangements are being made to enable those who may so desire to secure comfortable quarters at reason- able prices either at hotels or lodging houses convenient to the places of meeting. It is also proposed to keep a Directory wherein the names and addresses of all those attending the meet- ing will be registered, and thus members and associates will be enabled to communicate one with another without delay. To facilitate the work of the Committee in this direction, intending visitors are respectfully requested to send their names and addresses to this Com- mittee at as early a date as possible. All communications to the Committee on Hotels and Lodgings should be addressed to its Secretary, Dr. Lovejoy, 2428 St. Cathe- rine St., Montreal. CONVEYANCE. Arrangements have been made by which ladies and gdatlviLUju from a distaacj, desiring to atteuii the maet- 132 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA ings of the Society, can obtain fares from the various Railways at the following rates : Intercolonial Mailway, — Return tickets will be granted on this Road at a single fare to its terminus at Levis, to which will be added the proportion charged to Montreal by either the Grand Trunk or Canadian Pacific Railways. The Grand Trunk, Canadian Pacific and the prin- cipal American Railways will convey intending visitors a' .1 fare and one third for the return trip. Associate members p.nd delegates must purchase first- l'^ss iuU fare ticket one way, and obtain a receipt on standard certificate for the purchase of ticket from Agent at starting points. These receipts will be certified by the Honorary Secretary of the Society, and on pre- sentation to the Ticket Agent in Montreal, ticket for return fare will be issued at one-third the usual rate. Visitors from Europe can obtain return tickets at the following rates : Allan Line, from Liverpool, at £ 20 to £ 30 Dominion " '' " *' £ 16 " £ 30 Beaver " *' « " £ 16 " £ 18 Rates by each of the above lines vary according to position of berth and number in the Stateroom, but all have equal privileges in Saloon. HAND-BOOK. \X\ ASSIGNMENT OF KOOAIS, McGiLL College. Office of Honorary Secretary Kooiii No. 5 Offices of Local Committee " <« q Telephone, Telegraph, Post Office, etc " '< Ladies' Eoom <« « jq Gentlemen's Lavatory «♦ «< 3 Smoking Eoom , «< « ^ Eooms, Committee , « « 2 General Sessions and Eeception Eoom (in William Molson Hall) «« *< 1 Section I. — French Literature, History and allied subjects ^< << 7 Section 11. — English Literature, History and allied subjects «< '< 3 Section IIL — Mathematical, Physical and Chemical Sciences « «» 9 Section IV. — Geological and Biological Sciences (in Eedpath Museum) " <' H The President's address and other evenincr lectures will be delivered in the Queen's Hall, corner of St. Catherine and University Streets. A Conversazione will be held in the Art Gallery, corner of St, Catherine street and Philips' Square. 6 ^.? 4^ t' . 134 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA CITIZENS' COMMITTEES. T Preddent. Sir Donald A. Smith, K.C.M.G., M.P. Vice- P res idents. Hon. Ed. Mui'phy, Senator; J. L. Leprohon, Esq., M.D. ; B. J. Harrington, Esq., B.A., Ph.D., F.G.S. Honorary Secretaries. J. A. IT. Beaudry, Esq., C.E., D.L.S., and Rev. W. J. Smyth, B.A., B.Sc, Ph.D. Honorary Treasurer, F. Wolferstan Thomas, Esq. General Secretary. Eugene Beaudry. RECEPTION AND INVITATION. John S. Shearer, Esq., Chairman, Hon. Mr. Justice Loranger, Vice-Chairman. W, D. Lighthall, Esq., B.C.L., Secretary. Executive : Messrs. Hon. Senator A. Lacoste, Q.C., LL.D. ; Hon. Justice Wtirtele ; Geo. Sumner ; The Very Eeverend Dean Carnichael and D. A. P. Watt. Hon. Senator J. J. 0. Abbott, Q.C., D.C.L. ; Andrew Allan ; R. B. Angus; Hon. Mr. Justice Baby; Rev. W. M. Barbour, D.D. ; Rev. Jas. Barclay, M.A. ; Hon. Ls. HAND-BOOK. 135 Beiiubien ; R. Belleniare ; Lor Bishop W, B. Bond, LL.l). ; Hon. J. A. Chapleau, Q. ., LTi.T)., M.B. ; Bobert Craik, M.D. ; James Coristine ; Jolin Crawford ; J.J. Curran, Q.C., LL.D., M.P. ; Viscount H. de la Barthe ; Hon. Mr. Justice DeLorimier ; B. A. T. DeMontij'iiv : Alph. Desjardins, M.P. ; Rev. Dr. Meldola DeSola Chief Justice Sir A. A. Dorion ; Rev. Dr. Goo. Donda^ ; Hon. Senator G. A. Drummond; Rev. Father Drum mond S.J. ; Lord Archbishop E, C. Fabre; James Ferrier; A. F. Gault ; C. A. Geolfrion, Q.C. ; Hon. Mr. Justice Gill; E. K. Greene; Jacques Grenier; Rev. Jas. Henderson, M.A. ; Sir Joseph Hickson ; Rev. E. Hill, M.A. ; W. H. Hingston, M.D., L R C.S.E., D.C.L. ; J. Hodgson ; Hon. Air. Justice Jette ; Chief Justice Sir Francis Johnson ; Edgar Judge ; E. P. Lachapelle, M.D. ; Major L. A. H. Latour, M.A.; Hon. Mr. Justice Ma- thieu; D. C. MacCallum, M.D.; W. C. McDonald J R. Mackay ; Hugh McLennan; His Worship Mayor Jas. McShane, M.P.P. ; Rev. Dr. MacVicar, D.D.^ LL.D.; Hon. H. Mercier, Q.C, M.P.P. ; J. W. Mills- Hon. Peter Mitchell M.P. ; W. C. Munderloh ; Rev. J. C. Murray, LL.D.; Hon. Senator A. W. Ogilvie ; Hon. Mr. Justice Pagnuelo ; Rev. J. B. Proulx ; G. Ross, M.D. ; R. Roy, Q.C; M. P. Ryan ; Hon. Hy. Starnes, M.L.C. ; Aid. G. W. Stephens ; Sir George Stephen, Bart. ; Hon. L. 0. Taillon, Q.C. ; Hon. Mr. Justice Taschereau ; Hon. J. R. Thibaudcau ; W. C. Van Home ; Rev. G. H. Wells, D.D. umtfif^m^mf^i' i:;g THE I<0\AL SOCIETY OF CANADA FINANCE. Alderman J. D. Rollaiid, Chairman. D. A. P. Watt, Esq., Vice-Chairman ; A. T. Drum- mond, Esq., LL.B., Secretary. Execuiive : Messrs. J. S. Shearer ; AValter Drake ; J. 8. Brown ; C. P. H(^bert ; Geo. Snniner and 1{. Reford. Messrs. E. J. Barbeau ; Henri Barbe in ; F. L. Beique, Q.C. ; J. S. Bonsquet; Hon. A. Boyer, M.P.P. ; 8. Carsley; J, P. Cleghorn ; Ed. Clouston ; James Coris- tine ; J. Crathern : L. 0. David ; A. L. DeMartigny ; Aid, J. M. Dufresne ; Rev. Canon Enipson, M.A. ; Sara. Fin- ley; Sir Alex. T. Gait, G.C.M.G. ; Js. Gardner; Hngh; Graham ; Geo. A. Greene ; R. R. Grindley ; Geo. Hagne ; J. S. Hall, Q.C, M.P. ; Aid. A. Hurteaii ; J. H. Joseph ; Edgar Judge ; J. B. Learmont ; J. Lewis ; Henry Lyman ; W. C. McDonald ; H. McKenzie ; J. W. Mills ; J. H. R. Molson; F. DeB. Monk, LL.B.; D. Morrice ; Hon. Senator A. W. Ogilvie; Aid. R. Prefontaine, Q.C., M.P. ; Ed. Radford ; Aid. H. B. Rainville ; W. Reid ; J. A. Robertson; W. W. Robertson, Q.C'.; P. S. Ross; J. F. Scriver ; Aid. H. Shorey ; J. Slessor ; J. M. Smith ; Aid. J. 0. Yilleneuve; Hon. J. K. Ward, M L.C. ; R. White. UANDI^OOIs. i:w ,,,TKBfM^MKNrS AND KXCUUSlON«. Hon. Mv. .J«.u- V ^,„.o/.«im«u;C.UeB. Alp. Desiavdins,>.sq - ^i- ^' -^^ . Ho«. Mr. Justice Davidson; Hon. H.^^ ^^ ^.^.^^ ^.^,j_ ijna p. A. McGibbon, Esq- *|'^- ' Peterson, Esq., C.K. ^ Archambault, Q.C. ; A. Messrs. H. B. Ame* . ' ; ^^ gg^ney ; J- d. B«arten ; S^ Beaudn^^Q^;;^^ H. nergeron, ^-^-^ n^-^ j. D. Crawford ; Cr. f . W.T.Costigan; Pro •Cox, Col- ^^^_^^^^^^ ^^^ ^p.. Givdvvood,M.lX,M.KX^fe.. j;- • ^^^^^^. p j„a.,h. ,, W. Henshaw, A^ f ^^-,;,,„,,„ D.C.L., Q-C;-, Q.C.; F.Lyn.an. «^;\^,^,_ ho„. J. A. Ouimet Q.C W. McLennan ; D ^ ^^^^^^ ; Hon. J- E- i^obidoux, M.P.; Hon. Mr. Justrce Ourm h,,, i,. Tom- ^:rMtc'Ho!:A.T:i-.Kev.Abb.H.Verreau.. viUe, Al- L'-'^- ' ^ ., ^ W. J. White, M.A., B.O.L. CONVF.YANCE. l^daar Judge, Esq., C/iai''»Ha»i. John Kennedy, Esq., ^•*'-' .,, .. j. w. StivUng. . Skelton, Esq., Sec.«. J^^^ _ „,. t. Bovey. Esc, M.D.; Chs. T. Hart, ^--yj ^„d W. G. tr A C E • Alex. Robertson, Esq. B.A. , Beers, Esq., ^-V-^- ■Hi 138 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Messrs. J. A. Boiiiii ; T. C. BrciuKiid ; A Brancliaud, B.C.L., Q.C. ; G. Cheney ; B. ^. Coghliii ; T. C. ]Je- Lorimier, Q.C. ; C.J. Doherty, Q.C. ; Joseph Diihainel, Q.C. ; J. II. Einard, L.L.L. ; Major L. J. Ethier, Q.C. ; J. Y. Gihiiour; E. P. Hannaford, CE A. Hiitcliinsoii, IJ.C.L.; E. B. Ibbotsoii, L.D.8.; Geo. Macrae, Q.C; Prof. T. Wesley Mills, M. A., M.D. ; Hugh Paton ; T^obt. Eeid; T. G. Shaughnessy ; P. W. 8t. George, O.K. ; Geo. Sunnier ; W. Wainwright. HOTELS AND LODGINGS. J. Stevenson Brown, Esq., Chairman. Major H. Latour, M.A., Fic6-C/ia?^"ma?i; G. W. Lovejoy, Esq., M,D„ L.D.S., Seer eta Executive: Messrs. F. X. Archambault, Q.C. ; A. E. DeLorimier, LL.B. ; E. A. Lily ; Prof. J. Bemrose, F.C.S. ; A. Lap- thorn Smith, B.A., M.P.C.S.E., F. 0. S. Lon., and Alex. Henderson, Messrs. W. H. Chapman ; L. A. Chauvin, LL.D. ; G. Coffin; M. DeBeaujeu ; L. C DeTonnancour; W. A. Dyer; Chas. Garth; H. Hogan ; J. McLean; L. D. Mignault, M.D. ; J. Morgan, , jr. ; John Murphy j Hon. W. Prevost, Q.C, M.L.C ; Geo. K. Prowse ; eJas. Shearer; Aid. CoL A. A. Stevenson; Geo. W. Swett. ROOMS AND PLACES OF MEETINGS. Prof. C. H. McLeod, Ma.E., Chairman. F. D. Adams, Esq., M.A.Sc, Vi^^e-Chairman ; R. F. UAND-BOOh. \ d. Riittaii, Esq., M.D., Secretary. blircutive : Geo. II. Prowse, Esq. ; A. J.Eaton, K>i(|., M.A., Ph. 1). ; F. Chadwick, Esq. ; Sclkhk Cross, Esq., and A. T. Taylor, Esq. Messrs. U. E. Archanibault ; A. D. Blackader, B.A., M.D.; F. W. Campbell, M.D. ; Prof. C. A. Carus-Wil- son ; J. p. B. Casgrain, C.E. ; R. DesRivieres, B.C.L. ; eT. R. Dougall, M.A ; W. Drysdale ; H. R. Gray ; A. W. Grenier; F. W. Henaliaw; Aid, A. Hurteau ; L. Huot ; Aid. H. Jeannotte; Alex. Johnson, LL.D. j Warden King; Elz. Pelletier, M.D. ; F. F. Rolland. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING. Lucien Huot, Esq., Chairman. S. C. Stevenson, Esq., Vice-Ghairifnan ; J. A. Bean- dry, M.D., Secretary, Executive : — C. S. J. Phillips, Esq. J E. T. Chambers, Esq. ; Geo. E. Desbarats, Esq. ; Jos. Fortier, Esq., and M. Nolan Delisle, Esq. Messrs. E. Belanger, C E. ; Ls. B^langer ; Geo. Bishop; H. A. A. Brault, N.P. ; J. C Cameron, M.D. ; F. B. Caulfield ; S. E. Dawsoxi, LL.D. ; E. Lef. De- Bellefeuille, QC. ; C. G. DeSalaberry, N.P.; Jos. DesRosiers; Prof. J. T. Donald, M.A. ; W. N. Evans; L. Galarneau ; R. C. Lyman ; H. T. Martin ; R. W. McLachlan ; DeLery MacDonald ; Prof. C. E. Moyse, 140 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OFCA.VA DA B.A.; Geo. Murray; K Nantel, M.P.P. ; Armaiid Prevost; J. X. Perreault ; L. VV. Sicotte ; Hon. Sen- ator Jos. Tasse ; F. Vanasse. « ^y I * I