BMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 12.5 
 22 
 
 I.I 
 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.8 
 
 LA. 11 1.6 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, NY. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4S03 
 
.0*,^ 
 
 ,<k 
 
 V<5 
 
 ^>-^^ 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 Microfiche 
 
 CIHM/ICIVIH 
 Coiiection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian '"istitute for Historical Miaroreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes tachniquas at bibliographiquas 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best 
 original copy available for filming. Features of this 
 copy which may be bibliographically unique, 
 which may alter any of the images in the 
 reproduction, or which may significantly change 
 the usual method of filming, are checked below. 
 
 n 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couverture da coulaur 
 
 I I Covers damaged/ 
 
 Couverture endommagifte 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture restaur^ et/ou pelliculde 
 
 Cover title miss'ng/ 
 
 Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 Coloured maps/ 
 
 Cartes giographiques en coulaur 
 
 Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que blaue ou noire) 
 
 Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 Planches et/ou illustrations an couleur 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 Relii avec d'autres documents 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 Lareliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distorsion la long da la marga intiriaura 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 I! se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es 
 lors dune restauration apparaissent dans le texte, 
 mais, lorsque cela 4tait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas iti film^es. 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires suppldmentaires; 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur sxemplaire 
 qu'il lui a iti possible de se procurer. Las details 
 de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-^tre uniques du 
 point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier 
 une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dans la m^thode normale de filmage 
 sont indiquAs ci-dessous. 
 
 I I Coloured pages/ 
 
 Pages da couleur 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommag^es 
 
 □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 Pages restaur^es et/ou pelliculAes 
 
 r~1 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 JlJ Pages diicolor^es, tachetAes ou piqueos 
 
 □ Pages detached/ 
 Pages d^tach^es 
 
 E55Howthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 □ Quality of print varies/ 
 Quality inigale de I'impression 
 
 □ Includes supplementary material/ 
 Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire 
 
 □ Only edition available/ 
 Seule idition disponible 
 
 n 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Les pages totalement ou partiellament 
 obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata. une pelure, 
 etc., cnt ixi filmies i nouveau de faqon d 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 This item is filmed •* the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 
 
 JOX 14X 18X 22X 
 
 12X 
 
 / 
 
 16X 
 
 20X 
 
 26X 
 
 30X 
 
 24X 
 
 28X 
 
 32X 
 
Tha copy filmed h«r« hM b««n raproducad thanks 
 to tha ganarotity of: 
 
 McLennan Library 
 McGill University 
 Montreal 
 
 Tha imagaa appaaring haira ara tha bast quality 
 posslbia consldaring tha condition and lagibility 
 of tha original copy and In kaaping with tha 
 filming contract spacifications. 
 
 Original coplas in printad papar eovars ara filmad 
 beginning with tha front eovar and anding on 
 tha last paga with a printad or illustratad impras- 
 sion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. All 
 othar original copias ara filmad beginning on tha 
 first paga with a printad or illustratad impraa- 
 sion, and ending on tha Isat paga with a printad 
 or illustratad impression. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contsin the symbol —»>( meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or tha symbol y (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in tha upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames aa 
 required. The following diagrama Illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 L'exempiaira filmi fut reproduit grAce k la 
 gAnArosit* de: 
 
 McLepTian Library 
 
 McGill University 
 
 Montreal 
 
 Les Images sulvantee ont M reproduites avac la 
 plua grand soln, compta tenu de la condition at 
 de la nattat* de l'exempiaira film«, at an 
 conformiti avac lea conditiona du contrat de 
 filmage. 
 
 Lea axemplalrea originaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est imprimis sont filmte en commenqant 
 par la premier olat et en terminant soit per la 
 dernldre paga qui comporta una smpreinte 
 d'impreasion ou d'illustradon, soit par la second 
 plat, salon la caa. Toua les autras axemplalrea 
 originaux sont filmis an commen^ant par la 
 premiere page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'Impression ou d'illustration at en terminant par 
 la darnlAre paga qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 Un dea symbolas suivants apparaftra sur la 
 darnlAra image de cheque microfiche, selon la 
 cas: le symbols — »-signifis "A SUIVRE". is 
 symbols V signifle "FIN". 
 
 Les cartsa, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre 
 fllmia A dee taux da rMuction diff«rents. 
 Lorsque lo document est trop grand pour Atre 
 reproduit en un seul clich*, 11 ast film* A partir 
 de I'angic aup^rlaur gauche, de gauche h droite, 
 et de haut en baa, an prenant le nombre 
 d'images n^essalra. Lee diagrammes suivants 
 lllustrant la mithoda. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 

THE 
 
 JOmELNAZB 
 
 ^ik.»)P©i' 
 
 # 
 
 or 
 
 MADAM KNIGHT, 
 
 AND 
 
 :a:sT. im^ mm^wmm^A'si* 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 &vlainul ^mnuttlptUp 
 
 WRITTEN IN 1704 & 1710. 
 
 NEW-YORK: WITDER & CAMPBELL. 
 
 1625. 
 
C. S. Van Winkle, Printer 
 
 3 Thames-street, New York. 
 
 M, 
 
I THjd PRIVATE JOURNAL 
 
 KEPT BY 
 
 ADAM SNZOBT. 
 
 OK A JOURNKT 
 
 FROM BOSTOJV TO JVEW-TORK, 
 IN THE YEAR 1704. 
 
 FROM THE OBIGXWAL MANU8CKIJT. 
 

 t: 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 «#' 
 
 This is not a work of fiction, as the scarcity of 
 old American manuscripts may induce some to 
 imagine ; but it is a faithful copy from a diary in 
 the author's own hand-writing, compiled soon af- 
 ter her return home, as it appears, from notes re- 
 corded daily, while on the road. She was a resi- 1 
 dent of Boston, and a lady of uncommon literary ' 
 attainments, as well as of great taste and strength 
 of mind. She was called Madam Knight, out of 
 respect to her character, according to a custom 
 once common in New-England; but what was her 
 family name the publishers have not been able to 
 discover. 
 
 The object proposed in printing this little work 
 is not only to please those who have particularly 
 studied the progressive history of our country, 
 but to direct the attention of others to subjects of 
 that description, unfashionable as they still are; 
 and also to remind the public that documents, even 
 
 1* 
 
▼I 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 as unpretending as the following, may possess a 
 real value, if they contain facts which will be 
 hereafter sought for to illustrate interesting pe- 
 riods in our history. 
 
 It is to be regretted that the brevity of the work 
 should have allowed the author so little room 
 for the display of the cultivated mind and the 
 brilliant fancy which frequently betray themselves 
 in the course of the narrative ; and no one can 
 rise from the perusal without wishing some hap- 
 py chance might yet discover mo: e full delinea- 
 tions of life and character from the same practised 
 hand. Subjects so closely connected with our- 
 selves ought to excite a degree of curiosity and 
 interest, while we are generally so ready to open 
 our minds and our libraries to the most minute 
 details of foreign governments, and the modes and 
 men of distant countries, with which we can have 
 only a collateral connection. 
 
 In copying the following work for the press, the 
 ©riginal orthography has been carefully preserved, 
 in some cases, it may be, so far as to retain the er- 
 rors of the pen, for fear of introducing any un- 
 warrantable modernism. The punctuation was 
 Tcry hasty, and therefore has not been regarded. 
 
 i I 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 VII 
 
 Two interruptions occur in the original near the 
 commencement, which could not be supplied ; 
 and in a few instances it has been thought proper 
 to make short omissions, but none of them mate- 
 rially affect the narrative. 
 
 The reader will find frequent occasion to Com- 
 pare the state of things in the time of our author 
 with that of the present period, particularly 
 with regard to the number of the inhabitants, and 
 the facilities and accommodations prepared for 
 travellers. Over that tract of country where she 
 travelled about a fortnight, on horseback, under 
 the direction of a hired guide, with frequent risks 
 of life and limb, and sometimes without food or 
 shelter for many miles, v^e proceed at our ease, 
 without exposure anc' -' -«' without fatigue, in a 
 day and half, throug ■ eopled land, sup- 
 
 plied with good stage- ] public houses, 
 
 or the still greater luxa. le elegant steam 
 
 boats which daily traverse our waters. 
 
i. 
 
 f 
 
 i 
 
 THE 
 
 JOURNAL 
 
 or 
 
 stAmAiir sLsriQxtv 
 
 Monday, Octb'r. y« srcond, 1704— About 
 three o'clock afternoon,! begun mj Journey 
 from Boston to New-Havei ^ being about 
 twc Hundred Mile. My Kinsman, Capt. 
 Robert Luist, waited on me as farr as Ded- 
 ham, where I vvas to meet y* Western post. 
 
 I vissitted the Rever *. Mr. Belcher, y« 
 Minister of y« town, and tarried there till 
 evening, in hopes y« post Wv*)uld come along. 
 But he not coming, 1 resolved to go to Bil- 
 lingses where he used to lodg, being 12 miles 
 further. But being ignorant of the way. 
 Mad™ Billings, seing no persuasions of 
 her good spouses or hers could prevail with 
 me to Lodg, there that night, Very kindly 
 
h. 
 
 10 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 went wyih me to y® Tavern, where I hoped 
 to get my guide, And desired the Hostess to 
 inquire of her guests whether any of them 
 would go with mee. But they being tyed 
 by the Lipps to a pewter engine, scarcely al- 
 lowed themselves time to say what clown- 
 ish ****** 
 
 [Here half a page of the MS. is gone.] 
 * * * Peices of eight, I told her no, I would 
 not be accessary to such extortion. 
 
 Then John shan't go, saisshee. No, in- 
 deed, shan't bee ; And held forth at that rate 
 a long time, that I began to fear I was got 
 among the Quaking tribe, beleeving not a 
 Limbertong'd sister among them could out 
 do Madm. Hostes. 
 
 Upon this, to my no small surprise, son John 
 arrose, and gravely demanded what I would 
 give him to go with me ? Give you, sais 1, 
 are you John ? Yes, says he, for want of a 
 Better; And behold ! this John look't as old 
 as my Host, and perhaps had bin a man in 
 the last Century. Well, Mr. John, sais I, 
 
MADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 11 
 
 make your demands Why, half a pss. of 
 eight and a dram, sais John. I agreed, and 
 gave him a Dram (now) in hand to bind the 
 bargain. 
 
 My hostess catechis'd John for going so 
 cheep, saying his poor wife would break her 
 heart ***** 
 
 [Here another half page of the MS is gone.l 
 His shade on his Hors resembled a Globe on 
 a Gate post. His habitt, Hors and furniture, 
 its looks and goings Incomparably answered 
 the rest. Il^p 
 
 Thus Jogging on with an easy pace, my 
 Guide telling mee it was dangero's to Ride 
 hard in the Night, (wh*'^ his horse had the 
 sence to avoid,) Hee entertained nr.e with 
 the Adventurs he had passed by late Rideing, 
 and eminent Dangers he had escaped, so 
 that, Remeinbring the Hero's in Parismus 
 and the Knight of the Oracle, I didn't know 
 but I had mett vv*^ a Prince disguis'd. 
 
 When we had Ridd about an how'r, wee 
 come into a thick svNamp, wch. by Reason 
 
 ^! 
 
12 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 
 of a great fogg, very much startled mee, it 
 being now very Dark. But nothing dis- 
 Kay'd John : Hee had encountered a thou- 
 sand and a thousand such Swamps, having a 
 Universall Knowledge in the woods ; and 
 readily Answered all my inquiries wch« 
 were not a few. 
 
 In about an how?r, or something more, 
 after we left the Swamp, we come to Bil- 
 lii:ges, where I was to Lodg. My Guide 
 dismounted and very Complasantly help't 
 me down and sliewd the door, signing to me 
 w*** his hand to Go in ; w*^^ I Gladly did 
 — But had not gone many steps into the 
 Room, ere I was Interogated by a young 
 Lady I understood afterwards was the Eldest 
 daughter of the family, with these, or words 
 to this purpose, (viz.) Law for mee — what 
 in the worhl brings You here at this time a 
 night ? — I never see a woman on the Rode 
 so DreadfuU late, in all the days of my ver- 
 sall life. Who are You ? Where are You 
 going ? I'me scarM out of my witts — with 
 
MADAM KNISHT. 
 
 Hiuch now of the same Kind. I stood 
 aghast, Prepareing to reply, when in coraes 
 my Guide— to him Madam turn'd, Roreing 
 out : Lawfull heart, John, is it You ?— -how 
 de do ! Where in the world are you going 
 with this woman? Who is Siie ? John 
 made no Ansr. but sat down in the corner, 
 fumbled out his black Junk, and saluted that 
 instead of Debb ; she then turned agen to 
 mee and fell anew into her silly questions, 
 without asking me to sitt down. 
 
 I told her shee treated me very Rudely, 
 and I did not think it my duty to answer her 
 unmannerly Questions. But to get ridd of 
 them, I told her 1 come there to have the 
 post's company with me to-morrow on my 
 Journey, &c. Miss star'd awhile, drew a 
 chair, bid me sitt. And then run up stairs 
 and putts on two or three Rings, (or else I 
 had not seen them before,) and returning, 
 sett herself just before me, showing the way 
 to Reding, that I might see her Ornaments, 
 perhaps to gain the more respect. But her 
 
 2 
 
» Ml 
 
 u 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 1* -^r 
 
 IS 
 
 Granam's new Rung sow, had it appeared, 
 would affected me as much. I paid honest 
 John w^^ money and dram according to 
 contract, and Dismist him, and pray'd Miss 
 to shew me where I must Lodg. Shee con- 
 ducted me to a parlour in a little back Lento, 
 w^h was almost filPd w'^ the bedsted, w''* 
 was so high that I was forced to climb on 
 a chair to gitt up to y^ wretched bed that lay 
 on it; on w"** having Stretcht my tired 
 Limbs, and lay'd my head on a Sad-colourd 
 pillow, I began to think on the transactions 
 of y® past day. 
 
 Tuesday, October y^ third, about 8 in the 
 morning, I with the Post proceeded forward 
 without observing any thing remarkable; 
 And about two, afternoon, Arrived at the 
 Post's second stage, where the western Post 
 mett him and exchanged Letters. Here, 
 having called for something to eat, y^ wo- 
 man bro't in a Twisted thing like a cable, 
 but something whiter ; and laying it on the 
 bord, tugg'd for life to bring it into a capa- 
 
MADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 15 
 
 city to spread; w'^'* having w*** o;reat pains 
 accomplished, shee serv'd in a disli of Pork 
 and Cahage, I suppose the remains of Din- 
 ner. The sause was of a deep Purple, 
 w^^ I tho't was boiPd in her dye Kettle ; the 
 bread was Indian, and every thing on the 
 Table service Agreeable to these. I, being 
 hungry, gott a little down ; but my stomach 
 was soon cloy'd, and what cabbage I swal- 
 lowed serv'd me for a Cudd the whole day 
 after. ?* 
 
 Having here discharged the Ordnary for 
 self and Guide, (as I understood was the 
 custom,) About Three afternoon went on 
 with my Third Guide, wbo Rode very hard ; 
 and having crossed Providence Ferry, we 
 come to a River w*^** they Generally Ride 
 thro'. But T dare not venture ; so the Post 
 got a Ladd and Cannbo tVcarry me to tother 
 side, and hee rid thro' and Led my hors. 
 The Cannoo was very small and shallow, so 
 that when we were in she seem'd redy to 
 take in water, which greatly terrified niee, 
 
16 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 and caused me to be very circumspect, sitting 
 with my hands fast on each side, my eyes 
 stedy, not daring so much as to lodg my 
 tongue a hair's breadth more on one side of 
 my mouth then tother, nor so much as think 
 on Lott's wife, for a wry thought would 
 have oversett our wherey : But was soon 
 pui; out of this pain, by feeling the Cannoo 
 on shore, w«h I as soon almost saluted with 
 my feet; and Rewarding my sculler, again 
 mounted and made the best of our way for- 
 wards. The Rode here was very even and 
 y« day pleasant, it being now near lunsett. 
 But the Post told mee we had neer 14 miles 
 to Ride to the next Stage, (where we were 
 to Lodg.) I askt him of the rest of the 
 Rode, foreseeing wee must travail in the 
 night. Hee told mee there was a bad River 
 we were to Ride thro', w^^ was so very firce 
 a hors could sometimes hardly stem it : But 
 it was but narrow, and wee should soon be 
 over. I cannot express The concern of 
 mind this relation sett me in : no thoughts 
 
MADAM KNtGHT. 
 
 17 
 
 
 but those of the dang'ros River could en- 
 tertain my Imagination, and they were as 
 formidable as varios, still Tormenting me 
 with blackest Ideas of my Approching fate 
 — Sometimes seing my self drowning, other- 
 whiles drowned, and at the best like a holy 
 Sister Just come out of a Spiritual Bath in 
 dripping Garments. 
 
 Now was the Glorious Luminary, w*^ his 
 s^ift Coursers arrived at his Stage, leaving 
 poor me w**^ the rest of this part of the low- 
 er world in darkness, with which wee were 
 soon Surrounded. The only Glimering we 
 now had was from the spangled Skies, Whose 
 Imperfect Reflections rendered every Object 
 formidable. Each lifeless Trunk, with its 
 shatter'd Limbs, appear'd an Armed Eny- 
 mie ; and every little stump like a Ravenous 
 devourer. Nor could I so much as discern 
 my Guide, when at any distance, which add- 
 ed t© the terror. 
 
 Thus, absolutely lost in Thought, and dy- 
 ing with the very thoughts of drowning, I 
 
 2* 
 
18 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 . m 
 
 come up w-^ the post, who I did not see till 
 even with his Hors : he told mee he stopt for 
 mee ; and wee Rode on Very deiiberatly a 
 few paces, when we entred a Thickett of 
 Trees and Shrubbs, and I perceived by the 
 Hors's going, we were on the descent of a 
 Hill, w*^**' as wee come neerer the bottom, 
 'twas totaly dark w*** the Trees that sur- 
 rounded it. But I Knew by the Going of 
 the Hors wee had entred the water, w^^ my 
 Guide told mee was the hazzardos River he 
 had told me off; and hee. Riding up close tr 
 my Side, Bid me not fear — we should be 
 over Imediatly. I now ralyed all the Cou- 
 rage I was mistriss of, Knowing that I must 
 either Venture my fate of drowning, or be 
 left like y® Children in the wood. So, as 
 the Post bid me, I gave Reins to my Nagg ; 
 and sitting as Stedy as Just before in the 
 Cannoo, in a few minutes got safe to the 
 other side, which hee told mee was the Nar- 
 ragansett country. 
 
 Here We found great difficulty in Travail- 
 
 1 
 
MADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 19 
 
 not see till 
 le stopt for 
 iberatly a 
 hickett of 
 ved by the 
 scent of a 
 le bottom, 
 1 that sur- 
 
 Goinp; of 
 -r, w^^ my 
 s River he 
 up close tr 
 should be 
 
 tlie Cou- 
 bat I must 
 ling, or be 
 1. So, as 
 my Nagg ; 
 ore in the 
 safe to the 
 s the Nar- 
 
 in Travail- 
 
 ing, the way being very narrow, and on each 
 side the Trees and bushes gave us very un- 
 pleasent welcomes w^^ their Branches and 
 bow's, w*^^ wee could not avoid, it being so 
 exceeding dark. My Guide, as before so 
 now, putt on harder than I, w^^ iro' weary 
 bones, could follow ; so left mee and the way 
 beehind him. Now Returned my distressed 
 aprehensions of tl>e place where I was: the 
 dolesome woods, my Company next to none, 
 Going I knew not whither, and encompased 
 w^** Terrifying darkness ; The least of which 
 was enough to startle a more Masculine cou- 
 rage. Added to which the Reflections, as 
 in the afternoon of y« day that my Call 
 was very Questionable, w^^ till then I had 
 not so Prudently as 1 ought considered. 
 Now, coming to y« foot of a hill, I found 
 great difficulty in ascending; But being got 
 to the Top, was there amply recompenced 
 with the friendly Appearance of the Kind 
 Conductress of the night, Just then Advan- 
 cing above the Horisontall Line. The Rap- 
 
20 
 
 YHi: JOURNAL Of 
 
 • 4. 
 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 tures w«fc the Sight of that fair Planett pro- 
 duced in mee, caus'd mee, for the Moment, 
 to forgett my present wearyness and past 
 toils ; and Inspir'd me for most of the re- 
 maining way with very divining tho'ts, some 
 of which, with the other Occurances of the 
 day, I reserved to note down when I should 
 come to my Stage. My tho'ts on the sight 
 of the moon were to tnis purpose : 
 
 Fair Cynthia, all the Homage that I may 
 
 Unto a Creature, unto thee I pay ; 
 
 In Lonesome woods to meet so kind a guide, 
 
 To Mee »8 more worth than all the world beside. 
 
 Some Joy I felt just now, when safe got or*e 
 
 Yon Surly River to this Rugged shore, 
 
 Deeming Rough welcomes from these clownish Trees, 
 
 Better than Lodgings w**" JNereidees. 
 
 Yet swelling fears surprise ; all darkapp ears- 
 Nothing but Light can disipate those fears. ' 
 My fainting vitals can't lend strength to say, 
 But softly whisper, O I wish 'twere day. 
 The murmer hardly warm'd the Ambient air, 
 E're thy Bright Aspect rescues from dispair : 
 Makes the old Hagg her sable mantle loose, 
 And a Bright Joy do's through my Soul diffuse. 
 The Boistero's Trees now Lend a Passage Free, 
 And pleasent prospects thou giv'st light to see. 
 
 i a»m i wiw » 
 
'"^ 
 
 MADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 21 
 
 From hence wee kept on, with more ease 
 y" before : the way being smooth and even, 
 the night warm and serene, and the Tall and 
 thick Trees at a distance, especially w" the 
 moon glar'd light through the branches, 
 fill'd my Imagination w^*» the pleasent delu- 
 sion of a Sumpteous citcy, fill'd w*^ famous 
 Buildings and churches, w**^ their spiring 
 steeples, Balconies, Galleries and I know 
 not what: Granduers w'^'^ I had heard of, 
 and w^^ the stories of foreign countries had 
 given me the Idea of. 
 
 Here stood a Lofty churcVi — thero is a steeple. 
 And there the Grand Parade » ^ see the people ! 
 That Famouse (Castle ther«, we I but nigh, 
 To see the mote and Bridg and TraJN so high— 
 They'r ver} fine ! sais my deluded eye. 
 
 Being thus a^reably entertain'd without a 
 thou't of any thing but thoughts themselves, 
 I on a suden was Rous'd from these pleasing 
 Imaginations, by the Post's sounding his 
 horn, which assured mee hee was arrived at 
 the Stage, where we were to Lodg : and that 
 
22 
 
 THR JOURNAL OF 
 
 
 
 i> ■= I 
 
 musick was then most musickail and agree- 
 able to mee. 
 
 Being come to mr. Havens', I was very 
 civilly Received, and courteously entertaiu- 
 ed, in a clean comfortable House ; and the 
 Good woman was very active in helping off 
 my Biding clothes, and then ask't what I 
 would eat. I told her I had some Choco- 
 lett, if shee would prepare it ; which with 
 the help of some Milk, and a little clean 
 brass Kettle, she soon effected to my satis- 
 faction. I then betook me to my Apartment, 
 w*^** was a little Room parted from the Kitch- 
 en by a single bord partition ; where, after I 
 had noted the Occurrances of the past day, 
 I went to bed, which, tho' pretty hard. Yet 
 neet and handsome. But I could get no 
 sleep, because of the Clamor of some the of 
 Town tope-ers in next Room, Who were 
 r;jtred into a strong debate concerning y® 
 Signifycation of the name of their Country, 
 (viz.) Nnrraganset. One said it was named 
 so by y« Indians, because there grevv a Brier 
 
 

 MADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 33 
 
 there, of a prodigious Hi^hth and bigness, the 
 like hardly ever known, cilled by the In- 
 dians Narragansett; And quotes an Indian 
 of so Barberous a name for his Author, that 
 I could not write it. His Antagonist Re- 
 pljed no— It was from a Spring it had its 
 name, wh hee well knew where it was, 
 which was extreem cold in summer, and as 
 Hott as could be imagined in the winter, 
 which was much resorted too hy the natives, 
 and by them called Narragansett, (Hott and 
 Cold,) and that was the originall of their 
 places name — with a thousand Imperdnan- 
 ces not worth notice, w*'^ He utter'd with 
 such a Roreing voice and Thundering blows 
 with the fist of wickedness on the Table, 
 that it peirced my very head. I heartily 
 fretted, and wish't 'um tongue tyed; but 
 w*'' as little succes as a freind of mine once, 
 who was (as shee said) kept a whole night 
 awake, on a Jorny, by a country Left, and 
 a Sergent, Insigne and a Deacon, contrivi*ig 
 how to bring a triangle into a Square. They 
 
m 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 1,ept calling for tother Gill, v^^^ while they 
 •were swallowing, was some Intermission; 
 But presently, like Oyle to fire, encreased 
 the flame. I set my Candle on a Chest by 
 the bed side, and setting up, fell to my old 
 way of composing my Resentments, in the 
 following manner : 
 
 I ask thy Aid, O Potent Rum ! 
 
 To Charm these wrangling Topers Dum. 
 
 Thou hast their Giddy Brains possest— 
 
 The man confounded w^** the Beast— 
 
 And I, poor I, can get no rest. 
 
 Intoxicate them with thy fumes : 
 
 O still their Tongues till morning comes ! 
 
 And I know not but my wii^hes took effect ; 
 for the dispute soon ended w^^^ 'tother Dram ; 
 and so Good night ! 
 
 Wedensday, Octob"" 4th. About four in 
 the morning, we set out for Kingston (for so 
 was the Town called) with a french Docter 
 in our company. Hee and y« Post put on 
 very furiously, so that I could not keep up 
 with them, only as now and then they'd stop 
 till they see mee. This Rode was poorly 
 
 m 
 
 % 
 
IfADAM KWIGttT. 
 
 26 
 
 e they 
 ission ; 
 creased 
 hest by 
 my old 
 in the 
 
 effect; 
 : Diana ; 
 
 t four in 
 [I (for so 
 1 Docter 
 ; put on 
 keep up 
 3yM stop 
 is poorly 
 
 furnished w*^ accommodations for Travellers, 
 so that we were forced to ride 22 miles by 
 the post's account, but neerer thirty by mine, 
 before wee could bait so much as our Horses, 
 w*'*' I exceedingly complained of. But the 
 post encourag'd mee, by saying wee should 
 be well accommodated anon at mr. Devills, 
 a few miles further. But I questioned whe- 
 ther we ought to go to the Devil to be helpt 
 out of affliction. However, like the rest of 
 Deluded souls that post to y« Infernal denn, 
 Wee made all posible speed to this Devil's 
 Habitation ; where alliting, in full assurance 
 of good accommodation, wee were going in. 
 But meeting his two daughters, as I suposed 
 twins, they so n^eily resembled each other, 
 both in features and habit, and look't as old 
 as the Divel himselfe, and quite as Ugly, 
 We desired entertainm't, but could hardly 
 get a word out of 'urn, till with our Impor- 
 tunity, telling them our necesity, &c. they 
 call'd the old Sophister, who was as sparing 
 of his words as his daughters had bin, and 
 
 3 
 
 > / 
 

 26 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 no, or none, was the reply's hee made us to 
 our demands. Hee dififered only in this 
 from the old fellow in to'ther Country : hee 
 let us depart. However, I thought it proper 
 to warn poor Travailers to endeavour to 
 Avoid falling into circumstances like ours, 
 w'^** at our next Stage I sal down and did 
 as followeth : 
 
 May all that dread the cruel feind of night 
 Keep on, and not at this curs't Mansion light. 
 »Ti8 Hell ; 'tis Hell ! and Devills here do dwell : 
 Here dwells the Devill—surely this's Hell. 
 Nothing but Wants : a drop to cool yo'r Tongue 
 Cant be procured these cruel Feinds among. 
 Plenty of horrid Grins and looks sevear, 
 Hungsr and thirst, But pitty's bannish'd here— 
 The Right hand keep, if Hell on Earth you fear ! 
 
 Thus leaving this habitation of cruelty, we 
 went forward; and arriving at an Ordinary 
 about two mile further, found toller, ble ac- 
 commodation. But our Hostes, being a 
 pretty full mouth'd old creature, entertain'd 
 our fellow travailer, y« french Docter, w^^ 
 Inumirable complaints of her bodily infir- 
 
 Isk 
 
 iW 
 
MADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 27 
 
 ;tll 
 
 mities ; and whisperd to him so lou'd, that 
 all y« House had as full a hearing as hee : 
 which was very divirting to y« company, (of 
 whirh there was a great many,) as one might 
 see by their sneering. But poor weary I 
 slipt out to enter my mind in my Jornal, 
 and left my Great Landly with her Talka- 
 tive Guests to themselves. 
 
 From hence we proceeded (about ten fore- 
 noon) through the Narragansett country, 
 pretty Leisurely; and about one afternoon 
 come to Paukataug River, w^*^ was about 
 two hundred paces over, and now very high, 
 and no way over to to'ther side but this. I 
 darid not venti:re to Ride thro, my courage 
 at best in such cases but small. And now at 
 the Lowest Ebb, by reason of my weary, 
 very weary, hungry and uneasy Circum- 
 stances. So takeing leave of my company, 
 tho' w^^ no little Reluctance, that 1 could 
 not proceed w^^ them on my Jorny, Stof) 
 at a little cottage Just by the River, to wait 
 the Waters falling, w«^ the old man that 
 
If'i! 
 
 28 
 
 THE JOURNAL OP 
 
 A 
 
 lived there said would be in a little time, and 
 he would conduct me safe over. This little 
 Hutt was one of the wretchedest I ever saw 
 a habitation for human creatures. It was 
 suported with shores enclosed with Clap- 
 bords, laid on Lengthways, and so much 
 asunder, that the Light come throu' everjr 
 w here ; the doore tyed on w^*^ a cord in y* 
 place of hinges ; The floor the bear earth ; 
 no windows but such as the thin covering 
 afforded, nor any furniture but a Bedd w^ 
 a glass Bottle hanging at y' head on't ; an 
 earthan cupp, a small pewter Bason, A Bord 
 w^** sticks to stand on, instead of a table, 
 and a block or two in y® corner instead of 
 chairs. The family were the old man, his 
 wife and two Children ; all and every part 
 being the picture of poverty. Notwithstand- 
 ing both the Hutt and its Inhabitanre were 
 very clean and tydee : to the crossing the 
 Old Proverb, that bare walls make giddy 
 bows-wifes. 
 
 1 Blest myselfe that I was not one of this 
 
MADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 59 
 
 rth 
 
 misserable crew ; and the Impressions their 
 wretchedness formed in me caused mee on 
 y« very Spott to say : 
 
 The' 111 at ease, A stranger and alone, 
 All my fatigu's shall not extort a grone. 
 These Indigents have hunger wth their ease ; 
 Their best is wors behalfe then my disease. 
 
 Their Misirable hutt wch Heat and Cold 
 
 Alternately without Repulse do hold ; 
 
 Their Lodgings thyn and hard, their Indian fare, 
 
 The mean Apparel which the wretches wear. 
 
 And their ter thousand ills wch can't be told, 
 
 Makes nature er'e His midle age'd look old. 
 
 When I reflect, my late fatigues do seem 
 Only a notion or forgotten Dreem. 
 
 I had scarce done thinking, when an Indian- 
 like Animal come to the door, on a creature 
 very much like himselfe, in mien and fea- 
 ture, as well as Ragged cloathing ; and hav- 
 ing 'litt, makes an Awkerd Scratch w^^ his 
 Indian shoo, and a Nodd, sitts on y« block, 
 fumbles out his black Junk, dipps it m y^ 
 Ashes, and presents it piping hott ta his 
 muscheelo's, aud fell to sacking like a calf. 
 
 H 
 
5^ 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 without speaking, for near a quarter of aa 
 hqwer. At length the old man said hpw 
 do's Sarah do ? who I understood was the 
 wretches wife, and Daughter to y® oM man : 
 he Replyed — as well as can be expected, 
 &c. So I remembred the old say, ^nd su- 
 posed I knew Sa ah's case. Butt hee being, 
 as 1 understood, going over the River, as ug- 
 ly as hee was, I was glad to ask him to show 
 me y« way to Saxtons, at Stoningtown; 
 w*^^ he promising, I ventur'd over w*** the 
 old mans assistance ; who having rewarded 
 to content, with my Tattertailed guide, I 
 Ridd on very slowly thro' Stoningtown, 
 where the Rode was very Stony and uneven,, 
 I asked the fellow, as we went, divers ques- 
 tions of the place and way, &>c. I being ar« 
 rived at my country Saxtons, at Stonington, 
 was very well accommodated both as to vic- 
 tuals and Lodging, the only Good of both I 
 had found since my setting out. Here I 
 heard there was an old man and his Daugh- 
 ter to come that way, bound to N. London.; 
 
MADAM KNIGH' 
 
 s* 
 
 aiid being now destitute of a Goide, gladly 
 waited for them, being in so good a harbour, 
 and accordingly, Thirsday, Oetoh-^ y« 5th^ 
 about 3 in the afternoon, I sat forward witb 
 neighbour Polly and Jemima, a Girl about 
 18 Years old, who bee said he had been to 
 fetch out of the Narragansetts, and said they 
 had Rmie thirty miles that day, on a sory 
 lean Jade, w<h only a Bagg under her for 
 a pillion, which the poor Girl often com- 
 plain'd was very uneasy. 
 
 Wee made Good speed along, w*^** made 
 poor Jemima make many a sow'r face, the 
 mare being a very hard trotter; and after many 
 a hearty and bitter Oh, she at length Low'd 
 out: Lawful Heart father! this bare mare 
 hurts mee Dingeely, Fme direfull sore I 
 vow ; with many words to that purpose : 
 poor Child sris Gaffer— she us't to serve 
 your mother so. I don't care how mother 
 us't to do, quoth Jemima, in a pasionate. 
 tone. At which the old man Laught, and 
 kik't his Jade o' the side, which made her 
 Jolt ten times harder. 
 
^ 
 
 i ' 
 
 32 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 About seven that Evening, we come to 
 New London Ferry : here, by reason of a 
 very high wind, we mett with great diffi- 
 cuhy in getting over — the Boat tos't ex- 
 ceedingly, and our Horses capper'd at a very 
 surprizing Rate, and set us all in a fright ; 
 especially poor Jemima, who desired her fa- 
 ther to say so jack to the Jade, to make her 
 stand. But the careless parent, taking no 
 notice of her repeated desires. She Rored 
 out in a Passionate manner: Pray suth fa- 
 ther. Are you deaf? Say so Jack to the 
 Jade, 1 tell you. The Dutiful Parent obey's; 
 saying so Jack, so Jack, as gravely as if 
 hee'd bin to saying Catechise after Young 
 Miss, who with her fright look'l of all coul- 
 lers in y® Raiu Bow. 
 
 Being safely arrived at the house of Mrs. 
 Prentices in N. London, I treated neighbour 
 Poliy and daughter for their divirting com- 
 pany, and bid them farewell ; and between 
 Bine and ten at night waited on the Rev* 
 Mr. Gurdoa Saltonstall, minister of the 
 
MADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 as 
 
 town, who kindly Invited me to Stay that 
 Bight Ht his house, where 1 was very haml- 
 iomeiy and plentifully treated and Lodjr'd ; 
 and made good the Great Chi;racter I had 
 before heard concerning him : viz. that hee 
 was the most affable, courteous, Gcnero's 
 
 and best of men. 
 
 Friday, Octof 6th. I got up very early, 
 in Order to hire somebody to go with mee tft 
 New Hav^n, being in Great parplex.ty at 
 the thoughts of proceeding alone ; which 
 nty most hospitable entertainer observmgr 
 himseWe went, and soon return'd w'" * 
 young Gentleman of the to v.,. who he could 
 confide in to Go with mee ; and about eight 
 tiiis morning, w* Mr. Joshua Wheeler my 
 new Guixle, takeiug leave of this worlhj^, 
 Gemleman, Wee advanced on towards SeiiP^ 
 brook. The Rodes all along this way are 
 very ba.l, Incumbred w"> Rocks and mo»n- 
 tainos passages, W" were very disagreeable 
 to my tired carcass ; but we went on with a 
 moderate pace w«'' made y' T^urny imora 
 
 ^1 
 
54 
 
 THE JOUUNAL OF 
 
 ■4 
 
 pleasent. But afier about f iglit milrs Ride- 
 ing, in going over a Briilge undor w*^*' the 
 River Run very swift, my hors stumbled, and 
 very narrowly V-aped falling over into the 
 water; w*'*' extreemly frightened mee. But 
 through God's Goodness I met with no 
 harm, and mounting agen, in about half a 
 miles Rideing, come to an ordinary, were 
 well entertained by a woman of about seven- 
 ty and vantage, but of as Sound Intellec- 
 tuals as one of seventeen. Shee entertain'd 
 Mr. Wheeler w*** some passages of a Wed- 
 ding awhile ago at a place hard by, the 
 Brides-Groom being about her Age or 
 something above. Saying his Children was 
 dredfully against their fathers marrying, w^** 
 shee condemned them extreemly for. 
 
 ^HlFrom hence wee went pretty briskly for- 
 ward, and arriv'd at Saybrook ferry about 
 two of the Clock afternoon ; and crossing it, 
 wee caird at an Inn to Bait, (foreseeing we 
 should not have such another Opportunity 
 till we come to Killingsworth.) LanJlady 
 
MADAM KNIOHT. 
 
 36 
 
 Ride- 
 /*=•» the 
 d, and 
 ito the 
 . But 
 ith no 
 half a 
 , were 
 seven- 
 itellec- 
 irtai u'd 
 
 Wed- 
 >y, the 
 ige or 
 in was 
 ng, w*^"* 
 
 ly for- 
 about 
 ising it, 
 ing we 
 )rtunitj 
 mJlady 
 
 €om^ in, with her hair about her oars, and 
 hands at full pay scratching. Shce told us 
 shee had some mutton W** shee would broil, 
 W'- 1 was glad to hear ; But 1 supose forgot 
 to wash her scratchers ; in a little time shee 
 brot it in; but it being pickled, and my 
 Guide said it smelt strong of head >anse, we 
 left it, and p*^ sixpence a piece for our Din- 
 ners, w*^^ was only smell. 
 
 So wee putt forward with all speed, and 
 about seven at night come to Killingsworth, 
 and were tollerably well with Travillers 
 fare, and Lodgd there that night. 
 
 Saturday, Oct. 7th, we sett out early ia 
 the Morning, and being something una- 
 quainted w**^ the way, having ask't it of 
 some wee mett, they told us wee must Ride^ 
 a mile or two and turne down a Lane on the 
 Right hand; and by their Direction wee 
 Rode on. but not Yet comeing to y^ turning, 
 we mett a Young fellow and ask't him how 
 farr it was to the Lane which turn'd down 
 towards Guilford. Hee said wee must Ride 
 
 m 
 
66 
 
 f HE JOORHAL or 
 
 a r.ttle furthc^r, and turn down by the Comer 
 of uncle Sams Lett. My Guide vented his 
 Spleen at the Lubber; and we soon aftef 
 came into the Rhode, and keeping still on, 
 without any thing further Rem.rkabell, 
 al>out two a clock afternoon we arrived at 
 New Haven, where I was received with all 
 Posibh* Respects and civility. Here I dis- 
 charged Mr. Wheeler with a reward to his 
 satisfaction, and took some time to rest after 
 so long and toilso ne a Journey ; And In- 
 form'd myselfe of the manners and customs 
 of the place, and at the same time employed 
 myselfe in the af^iir I went there upon. 
 
 They are Governed by the same Laws as 
 wee in Boston, (or little differing,) thr'out 
 this whole Colony of Connecticot, And 
 %iuch the same way of Church Government, 
 and many of them good. Sociable people, 
 and I hope Religioiis too : but a little too 
 much Independaut in their principalis, and, 
 as I have been told, were formerly in their 
 Zeal very Riggid in their AdministrationK 
 
 m 
 
MADAM KNIGHT. 9w 
 
 sach as their Lawes made OiTen- 
 def!^, even to a harmless Kiss or Innocent 
 merriment amon^ Young people. Whip- 
 ping being R frequent and counted an easy 
 Punishment, about w"'^ as other Crimes, the 
 Judges were absolute in their Sentances. 
 They told mee a pleasant storv about a pair 
 of Jtistices in those parts, w^*^ 1 may not omit 
 the relation of. 
 
 A negro Slave belonging to a man in y» 
 Town, stole a hogs head from his master, 
 and gave or sold it to an Indian, native of the 
 place. The Indian sold it in the neighbour- 
 hood, and so the thett was found out. There- 
 upon the Heathen wasSriml, and carried to 
 the Justices House to be Examined. But 
 , his worship (it seems) was gone into the 
 felld, with a Brother in office, to gather ia 
 his Pompkons. Whither the n»alefactor is 
 hurried, And Complaint made, and satisfac- 
 tion in the name of Justice demanded. 
 Their Worships cann't proceed in forai 
 without a Bench : whereupon they Order 
 
 li 
 
 f' I' 
 
 *♦' 
 
r 
 
 V. Hi 
 
 v\ 
 
 I 
 
 58 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 one to be Imediately erected, wh.ch.fot 
 ^a„t of fitter materials, they mde w.A 
 pompions-which being finished down s « 
 Lir Worships, and the Malefactor cald. 
 
 and by the Senior Justice Interrogated after 
 the following manner. You Indian why d.d 
 You steal from this man ? You sho dn t do 
 so_it's a Grandy wicked thing to steal. 
 Hol't Hol't, cryes Justice Jun'- Brother, You 
 speak negro to him. I'le ask him. You 
 sirrah, why did You steal this man's Hoggs- 
 head ? Hog^shead.' (yo,\ys t^^yna^^O 
 ^enostomany. No? says h.s Worship 
 and pulling off his hatt. Patted h.s own head 
 with his hand, sais,Tatapa-You, Tatapa- 
 yo« ; all one this. Hoggshead all one this. 
 Hah! saysNetop, now me stomany that. 
 Whereupon the Company fell into a great fitt 
 of Laughter, even to Roreing. Silence .sco- 
 „.anded,but to no effect: fortheycctmued 
 
 perfectly Shouting. Nay, sa.s h.s worsh p 
 ^ ,„ ,„.,v tone, if it be so, take mee off the 
 
 in 
 
 angry 
 
 Bench 
 
 Their Diversions in this part of the Coun- 
 
MADAM KNIGHT. 3® 
 
 tty are on Lecture days and Training days 
 mostly : on the former there is Riding from 
 
 town to town. 
 
 ** And on training dayes The Youth divert 
 themselves by Shooting at the Target, as 
 they call it, (but it very much resembles a pil- 
 loty,) where hee that hitts neerest the white 
 has some yards of Red Ribbin presented him, 
 w«^ being tied to his hattband, the two ends 
 streeming down his back, he is Led away in 
 Triumph, w*^ great applausfei,-as the winners 
 of the Olympiack Games. They generally 
 marry very young : the males oftener as I 
 am told under twentie than above ; they ge- 
 nerally make public wedings, and have a 
 way something singular (as they say) in 
 some of them, viz. Just before Joyning 
 hands the Bridegroom quitts the place, who 
 is soon followed by the Bridesmen, and as it 
 were, dragg'd back to duty— being the re- 
 verse to y« former practice among us, to 
 steal m» Pride. 
 
 There are great plenty of Oysters all 
 
 sm 
 
 ',»* 
 
 m 
 
-> 
 
 li. 
 
 I 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 fHB JOURNAL OF 
 
 5ilongby the sea side, as farr as I Bodem 
 .^e Collony, and those very good. And 
 they Generally lived very well and com- 
 fortably in their famelies. But too Indul- 
 gent (especially y« farmers) to their slaves: 
 sufering too great familiarity from them, 
 permitting y- to sit at Table and eat with 
 j^h^m, (as they say to save time,) and into 
 '^he di9h goes the M^9k Jioof as ftreelyas.the 
 white hand. They told me that ihere w.ftS 
 a f^r^er lived nerethe Town where I lodgd 
 ^^^a,)Siad^^roe difference w'^ his slave, con- 
 Icerning 9C^mething the master had promised 
 him apd did not punctualy .perform ; w«»» 
 ca»sed spjne hard words between thpm; 
 But atlength they put the matter to Arbi- 
 tration and Bound themselves >to.stat)d to 
 the award of such as they named— W^^ dppe, 
 the Arbitrators, Haying heard ;^he Allega- 
 tions of both parties, Order the master to 
 pay 40« to l)lack face, and acknowledge his 
 fault. And so the matter en^ed : the pqor 
 master very honestly standing to the.award. 
 
ipADAlf KN16HT. 
 
 41 
 
 There are every where in the Towns as I 
 passed, a Number of Indians the Natives of 
 the Country, and are the most salvage of all 
 the salvages of that kind that I had ever 
 Seen : little or no care taken (as I heard 
 upon enquiry) to make them otherwise. 
 They have in some places Landes of their 
 owne, and Govern'd by Law's of their own 
 remaking ;— they marry many wives and at 
 pleasure put them away, and on the y« least 
 dislike or fickle humour, on either side, say- 
 ing stand away to one another is a sufficient 
 ^Divorce. And indeed those uncomely Stand 
 aways are too much in Vougue among the 
 English in this (Indulgent Colony) as their 
 Records plentifully prove, and that on very 
 nrivial matters, of which some have been 
 told me, but are not proper to be Related by 
 a Female pen, tho some of that foolish sex 
 have had too large a share in the story. 
 I If the natives con nitt any crime on their 
 own precincts among themselves, y« English 
 takes no Cognezens of. But if on the Eug- 
 
 n 
 
 ':■ a 
 
ri, 
 
 Si 
 
 42 
 
 THK JOURNAL OF 
 
 lish ground, they are punishable by our 
 Laws. They mourn for their Dead by 
 blacking their fa^jes, and cutting their hair, 
 after an Awkerd and frighifuU manner ; But 
 can't bear You should mention the names of 
 their dead Relations to them : they trade 
 most for Rum, for w«»» they^ hazzard their 
 very lives ; and the English fit them Gene- 
 rally as well, by seasoning it plentifully with 
 
 water. 
 
 They give the title of merchant to every 
 trader ; who Rate their Goods according to 
 the time and spetia they pay in : viz. Pay, 
 mony. Pay as mony, and trusting. Pajr is 
 Grain, Pork, Beef, &g. at the prices sett by 
 the General Court that Year ; mony is pieces 
 of Eight, Ryalls, or Boston or Bay shillings 
 (as they call them,) or Good hard money, as 
 sometimes silver coin is termed by them ; 
 also Wampom, viz^- Indian beads w''** serves 
 for change. Pay as mony is provisions, as 
 afores^ one Third cheaper then as the As- 
 
iMuyjM'Kmoffn* 
 
 45 
 
 >«• 
 
 jeqibly or Gene* Court sets it; and Trw^i 
 as they and the mere h* agree for time. 
 
 Now, when the buyer comes to ask for a 
 comodiry, sometimes before the merchant 
 answers that he has it, he sais, is ¥mr pay 
 redyf Perhaps the Chap Reply's Yes: 
 what do You pay in? say's the merchant. 
 The buyer having answered, then the price 
 is set ; as suppose he wants a sixpenny knife, 
 in pay it is 12d— in pay as money eight 
 pence, and hard money its own price, viz. 
 6d. It seems a very Intricate way of trade 
 and what Lex Mercatoria had not thought of. 
 Being at a merchants house, in comes a 
 tall country fellow, w*^ his alfogeos full of 
 ^Tobacco ; for they seldom Loose their Cudd, 
 but keep Chewing and Spitting as long as 
 they'r eyes are open, — he advanc^t to the 
 midle of the Room, makes an Awkward 
 Nodd, and spitting a Large deal of Aroma- 
 tick Tincture, he gave a scrape with his 
 shovel like shoo, leaving a small shovel full of 
 dirt on the floor, made a full stop, Hugging 
 
 
 I 
 
il .a: 
 
 r 
 
 hu, ,■ Sit 
 
 
 ^fi^ 
 
 *•• 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 his own pretty BoHy m.h h.s hanas una. 
 
 his arms. St -od staring rown'd h.m, hke 
 a Cat. let out of a Basket*. At last, hke 
 
 the creature Balaam Rode on. he opened h.s 
 „,„utha«dsaid: have You any B--"nenf-r 
 
 Hatbands to sell I pray ? The Quest.ons 
 and Answers about the pay bemg p.st, the 
 
 Ribin is bro't and opened. Bumpkm S.m- 
 pers,cryesitsco„foundedGayIvow;and 
 
 Ickning to the door, in comes Jone Taw- 
 dry, dropping about 50 curtsees and stands 
 J him : hoe shows her the R.b.n. Law 
 L, sais shee, its right Gent, do You, take 
 U, ti. AreaAfuU pretty. Then she enqu.res 
 
 tight and Lght, Have You any .... 
 ^Zfe '.-i*^)'* says shee, wo. bemg ac- 
 comodated W- they Departed. They Ge- 
 neraly stand after they come in a great wl«le 
 ^peachless, and sometimes dont say a word 
 
 till they are askt what they want, winch I 
 Impute to the Awe they stand m o the 
 merchants, who they are constanUy almost 
 
MADAM KNI«HT. 
 
 M6 
 
 Indebted too; and must take what they 
 bring without Liberty to choose for them- 
 .aelves ; but they serve them as w^ll, making 
 the merchants stay long enough for their pay. 
 V/c may Observe here the great necessity 
 and bennifitt both of Education and Cofi- 
 versation; for these people have as Large a 
 portion of mother Witt, and sometimes a 
 Larger, than those who have bin brought up 
 in Citues; But for want of emprovements, 
 Render themselves almest Ridiculos, as 
 above. I should be glad if they would leaf e 
 .such follies, andam sureall that Love Clean 
 . Houses (at least) would he glad on't.too. t 
 
 They are generaly very plain 4n tfecar 
 dress, throuout all y- Colony, as I saw, and 
 follow one another in their modes; that' 
 You, may know where they belong, especi»l- 
 ly tlie wo-aen, meet them where you wilU 
 Their Cheif Red Letter day 'is St. Elec- 
 tion, w''^ is annualy Observed according to 
 Charter, to choose their Goven^ : a blessing 
 they can iaeyier.be toakfull enough fpr, a» 
 
 •.VI 
 
m 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 Ir' 
 
 kO 
 
 they will find, if ever it be their hard for- 
 tune to loose it. The present Govenor in 
 Conecticott is the Honb'" John Winthrop 
 Esq. A Gentleman of an Ancient and Ho- 
 nourable Family, whose Father was Gove- 
 nor here sometime before, and his Grand fa- 
 ther had bin Gov'' of the Massachusetts. 
 This gentleman is a very curteous and afay)le 
 person, much Given to Hospitality, and has 
 by his Good services Gain'd the affections of 
 the people as much as any who had bin be- 
 fore him in that post. 
 
 Dec- 6th. Being by this time well Re- 
 cruited and rested after my Journy, my 
 business lying unfinished by some concerns 
 at New York depending thereupon, my 
 Kinsman, Mr. Thomas Trowbridge of New 
 Haven, must needs take a Journy there before 
 it could be accomplished, I resolved to go 
 there in company w^^ him, and a man of 
 the town w^^ 1 engaged to wait on me there. 
 Accordingly, Dec. 6*^ we set out from New 
 Haven, and about il same morning came 
 
 ,^^ --•;«"««-.'■-« 
 
MADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 47 
 
 to Stratford ferry ; w^h crossing, about two 
 miles on the other side Baited our horses and 
 would have eat a morsell ourselves, But the 
 Pumpkin and Indian mixt Bred had such aa 
 Aspect, and the Bare-legg'd Punch so awk- 
 erd or rather Aw full a sound, that we left 
 both, and proceeded forward, and about 
 seven at night come to Fairfield, where we 
 met with good entertainment and Lodg'd ; 
 and early next morning set forward to Noro- 
 walk, from its halfe Indian name North-walk, 
 when about 12 at noon we arrived, and Had 
 a Dinner of Fryed Venison, very savoury. 
 Landlady wanting some pepper in the sea- 
 soning, bid the Girl hand her the spice in the 
 little Gay cupp on y^ shelfe. From hence 
 we Hasted towards Rye, walking and Lead- 
 ing our Horses neer a mile together, up a 
 prodigios high Hill ; and so Riding till about 
 nine at night, and there arrived and took up 
 our Lodgings at an ordinary, w^'^ a French 
 family kept. Here being very hungry, I de- 
 sired a fricasee, w«^»» the Frenchman under- 
 
All IHE JOUEWAL OF 
 
 takeing, tnannng«<1 so contrary to my notion 
 :rLtry..hatlhastnedtoBeas«He.s; 
 
 And being sl.ewd the way up a pa.r of s^au, 
 ,.u had such a narrow passage that had al 
 
 «„st stopt by the Bulk of my Body ; But 
 arriving at my apartment found .t to be a 
 Srinto Chamber f«rni.ht amongst other 
 KabbishwithaHighBeddandaLowo-a 
 
 LongTab1e,aBe„chandaBoUomle.s ha. 
 
 _Little Miss went .o scratch up my Kennell 
 ,. Rnsseiled as if shee'd bin in the Barn 
 
 amongst the Husks, and supose such was the 
 
 contents of the uckin-nevertheless be,^ 
 exceeding weary, down llatd my poor Ca 
 
 kes (never more tired) and found my Cover 
 ,ntv as mv Bed was hard. Annon 
 ing as scanty as my or 
 I heard another Russeliing no.se ,n Y Room 
 "ailed to know the matter-Ltttle mtss 
 
 said shee w.s making a bed for the men 
 Iho, when they were in Bed, complamed 
 their leggs lay om of it by reason o.« 
 
 shortness-my poor bones complamed b.tter 
 1, uot being used to such Lodgings, and so did 
 
tlABAM KNIOHT. 
 
 49 
 
 the man who was with us ; and poor I made 
 but one Grone, which was from the time i 
 went to bed to the time I Riss, which was 
 about three in th^ morning, Setting up by the 
 Fire till Light, and having discharged our 
 ordinary w*''* was as dear as if we had had 
 far Bettei fare— wee took our leave of Mon- 
 sier and about seven in the morn come to 
 New Rochell a french town, where we had 
 a good Breakfast. And in the strength of 
 thai about an how'r before sunsett got to 
 York. Here I applyd myself to Mr. Bur- 
 roughs, a merchant to whom I was recom- 
 mended by my Kinsman Capt. Prout, and re- 
 ceived great Civilities from him and his 
 spouse, who were now both Deaf but very 
 agreeable in their Conversation, Diverting 
 me with pleasant stories of their knowledge 
 in Brittan from whence they both come, one 
 of which was above the rest very pleasant 
 to me viz. my Lord Darcy had a very extra- 
 vagant Brother who had mortgaged what 
 Estate hee could not sell, and in good time 
 
w 
 
 THE JOURNAL OP 
 
 i. 
 
 dyed leaving only one son. Him bis Lord- 
 ship (having none of his own) took and 
 made him Heir of his whok Estate, which 
 he was to receive at the death of his Aunt. 
 He and his Aunt in her widowhood held a 
 right understanding and lived as become 
 such Relations, shee being a discreat Gen- 
 tlewoman and he an Ingenios Young man. 
 One day Hee fell into some Company though 
 far his inferiors, very freely told him of the 
 111 circumstances his fathers Estate lay un- 
 der, and the many Debts he left unpaid to the 
 wrong of poor people with whom he had 
 dealt. The Young gentleman was put out 
 of countenance— no way hee could think 
 of to Redress himself— his whole depend- 
 ^uce being on the Lady his Aunt, and how 
 to speak to her he knew not— Hee went 
 home, sat down to dinner and as usual some- 
 times with her w' -n the Chaplain was ab- 
 sent, she desired nim to say Grace, w'^'* he 
 did after this manner : 
 
UADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 51 
 
 Pray God in Mercy take my Lady Darcy 
 
 Unto his Heavenly Throna, 
 That Little John may live like a man, 
 And pay every man hia own. 
 
 The prudent Lady took no present notice, 
 But finishd dinner, after w*^"* having sat and 
 talk-t awhile (us Customary) He Riss, took 
 hii ilatt and Going out she desired him to 
 |^« ner leave to speak to him in her Clos- 
 sett, Where being come she desired to know 
 why hee prayed for her Death in the manner 
 aforesaid, and what part of her deportment 
 towards him merritied such desires. Hee 
 Reply'd, none at all, But he was un'^er such 
 disadvantages that nothing but that could do 
 him service, and told her how he had been 
 affronted as above, and what Impressions it 
 had made upon him. The Lady made him a 
 gentle reprimand that he had not informed 
 her after another manner, Bid him see what 
 his father owed and he should have money 
 to pay it to a penny, And always to leit hei' 
 tKOOW his wants and he should have a redj 
 
 mi 
 
 f 
 
 m. 
 
.1 
 
 1 
 
 uu..^ 
 
 m 
 
 
 9 
 
 gg. 1HE JOURNAL OJ? 
 
 «,pply. The Young Gentleman charm'd 
 
 3 his Aunts Discrete management Beggd 
 
 ler pardon and accepted her kind offer and 
 
 retrieved his fathers Estate, S.C. and sa^Hee 
 
 hoped his Aunt would never dye, or shee 
 had done better by him than heecofld have 
 
 done for himself.-Mr. Burroughs. en. ^h 
 „e to Vendue where 1 bought about 100 
 Rheem of paper w'" was retaken in a ny- 
 Wr"o:HolLnd and sold very ReasonaUy 
 
 here-some ten. some Eight sbtmngs per 
 RheembytheLottw-watenRheemtna 
 
 Lott. And at the Vendue 1 — "/'^^ 
 „,any acquaintances amon, . ..* ?ood wo 
 re„ofthetow„..whoc«rteos0.uv.tedmeto 
 
 Z. houses and S-ously ^ertaujed .. 
 
 The Cittie of New York .s a pleasant, 
 
 well compacted place, situated on a v.om- 
 
 Todius River w'^ is a fine harbour or 
 Thipp n- The Buildings Brick Generaly, 
 ;:; ately and high, though not al.ogether 
 Sours in Boston. The Bricks m some of 
 teHcusesare of divers CouUers and latdtn 
 
 1 n 
 
MADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Checkers, being fdazed look very agreeable. 
 The inside of them are neat to admiration, 
 the wooden work, for only the walls are plas- 
 terd, and the Suniers and Gist are plained 
 and kept very white scowr'd as so is all the 
 partitions if made of Bords. The fire places 
 have no Jambs (as ours have) But the Backs 
 run flush with the walls, and the Hearth Is 
 of Tyles and is as farr out into the Room 
 m the Ends as before the fire, W^^ \^ Gene- 
 rally Five foot in the Low'r rooms, and the 
 peice over where the mantle tree should be 
 is made as ours with Joyners work, and as I 
 supose is fasten'd to iron rodds inside. The 
 House where the Vendue was, had Chim- 
 ney Corners like ours, and they and the 
 aieanhs were laid w^»^ the finest tile that I 
 -«eversee, and the stair cases laid all with 
 white tile which is ever clean, and so are the 
 walls of the Kitchen w«h had a Brick floor. 
 They were making Great preparations to 
 Receive their Govenor, Lord Cornbury from 
 
 6* 
 
64 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 r f 
 
 l* 1 
 
 the Jerseys, and for that End raised the mi- 
 litia to Card him on shore to the fort. 
 
 They are Generaly of the Church of 
 England and have a New England Gentle- 
 man for their minister, and a very fine church 
 set out with all Customary requsites. There 
 are also a Dutch and Divers Ccnvemicles aS 
 they call them, viz. Baptist, Quakers, &c- 
 They are not strict in keeping the Sabbath 
 as in Boston and other places where I had 
 bin. But seem to deal with great exactness 
 as farr as I see or Deall with. They are 
 sociable to one another and Curteos and Ci- 
 vill to strangers and fare ^ell in their houses. 
 The English go very fasheonable in their 
 dress. Dut the Dutch, especially the mid- 
 dling sort, differ from our women, in their 
 habitt go loose, were French muches w'^*' are 
 Bke a Capp and a head band in one, leaving 
 their ears bare, which are sett out vf'^ Jew- 
 ells of a large size and many in number. 
 And their fingers hoop't with Rings, some 
 with large stones in them ot many CouUers 
 
MADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 55 
 
 as were tbeir pendants in thf u ears, which 
 You should see very old women wear as well 
 
 as Young. 
 
 They have Vendues very frequently and 
 make their Earnings very well by them, for 
 they treat with good Liquor Liberally, and 
 the Customers Drink as Liberally and Ge- 
 nerally pay for't as well, by paying for that 
 which hey Bidd up Briskly for, after the 
 sack has gone plentifully about, tho' some- 
 times good penny worths are got there. 
 Their Diversions in the Winter is Riding 
 Sleys about three or four Miles out of Town, 
 where they have Houses of entertainment 
 at a place called the Bowery, and some go 
 to friends Houses who handsomely treat 
 them. Mr. Burroughs cary'd his spouse and 
 Daughter and myself out to one Madame 
 Dowes, a Gentlewoman that lived at a farm 
 House, who gave us a handsome Entertain- 
 ment of five or six Dishes and choice Beer 
 and metheglin, Cyder, &tc. all which she 
 laid was the produce of her larm. 1 be- 
 
 •i 
 
56 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 I! 1' 
 
 lieve we mett 50 or 60 slays that day— 
 they ay with great svvif.i.ess and some arfe 
 so furious that thcy'le turn out of the path 
 for none except a Loa>len Cart Nor da 
 they spare for any diversion .he place affords, 
 and sociable .o a degree, they'r Tables be- 
 ing as free to their Naybours as to them- 
 
 fit^l VPS 
 
 Havin? here transacted the affair 1 went 
 upon and some other that fell in the way, 
 after about a fortnight's stay there I left New- 
 York with no Lhtle regrett, and Thursday, 
 Dec. '.I, set out for New Haven w"- my 
 Kinsman Trowbridse, and the man that 
 waited on me about one afterno.m, and 
 about three come to half-way house about 
 ten miles out of town, where we Baited and 
 went forward, and about 6 come to Spiting 
 Devil, Else Kings bridge, where they pay 
 three pence for passing over with a horse, 
 which the man that keeps the Gate set up 
 at the end of the Bridge receives. 
 
UADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 67 
 
 \V« hoped to reach the french town and 
 Lodg there that uight, but .mhapily lost our 
 way about four miles short, and being over- 
 taken by a great storm of wind and snow 
 
 which set full in our faces about dark, we 
 were very uneasy. But meeting one Gard- 
 ner who lived in a Cottage thereabout, of- 
 fered us his fire to set by, having but one 
 poor Bedd, and his wife not well, fcc. or he 
 would go to a House with us. where he 
 thought we might be better accommodated 
 -.thUher we went. But a surly old shee 
 Creature, not worthy the name of wotnan 
 who would hardly let us go into her Door, 
 though the weather was so storn>y ..one bat 
 «hee«ouldhaveturndoutaDogg. But 
 her son whose name was gallop, who lived 
 
 Just by Invited us «. his ho„.e and shewed 
 
 „e two pair of stairs, viz. one up the loft 
 
 and tother up the Bedd, ««" was as hard as 
 
 it was high, and warmed it with a hott stone 
 
 at the feet. 1 lay very uncomfortably, .nso- 
 
 „,uch that I was so very cold and sick I was. 
 
 ''a 
 
I! I- 
 
 > i' '• ■ '■ 
 
 m 
 
 M 
 
 ^¥: 
 
 THE JOURNAL Of 
 
 forced to call thein up to give me something 
 to warm me. They had nothing but milk 
 in the house, w^'^ they Boild, and to make it 
 better sweetened w*** molasses, which I not 
 knowing or thinking oft till it was down 
 and coming up agen w*^*' it did in so plenti- 
 ful! a manner that my host was soon paid 
 double for his portion, and that in s;)ecia. 
 But I believe it did me service in Cleering 
 my stomach. So after tins sick and weary 
 night at F.ast Chester, (a very miserable 
 poor place,) the weather being now fair, 
 Friday the 22*^ Dec. we set out for New Ro- 
 chfelK where being come we had good En- 
 tertainment and Recruited ourselves very 
 well. This is a very pretty place well com- 
 pact, and good handsome houses, Clean, 
 good and passable Rodes, and situated on a 
 Naviiji.ble River, abundance of land well 
 fined Htid r[eerd all along as wee passed, 
 which caused in me a Love to the place, 
 w*^^ I t'oiild have been content to live in it. 
 Here wee Ridd over a Bridge made of one 
 
 f 
 I 
 
HADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 eptire stone of such a Brendth that a cart 
 might pass with safety, and to spare — it lay 
 over a passage cutt through a Rock to con- 
 vey water to a mill not farr off. Here are 
 three fine Taverns within call of each other, 
 very good provision for Travailers. 
 
 Thence we travailed through Merrinak, a 
 neet, though little place, w**» a navigable Ri- 
 ver before it, one of the pleasantest 1 ever 
 see — Here were good Buildings, Especialy 
 one, a very fine seat, w'^*' they told me was 
 Col. Helhcoats, who I had heard was a very 
 fine Gentleman. From hence we come to 
 HorsNeck, where wee Baited, and they told 
 me that one Church of England parson offi- 
 ciated in all these three towns once every 
 Sunday in turns throughout the Year ; and 
 that they all could but poorly maintaine him, 
 which they grudg'd to do, being a poor and 
 quarelsome crew as I understand by our 
 Host ; their Quarelling about their choice of 
 Minister, they chose to have none — But 
 caused the Govermneut to send this Gentle- 
 
 1..I 
 
 I f 
 
 I 
 
60 
 
 THE JOURNAL Olf 
 
 \ 
 
 m 
 
 man to them. Here wee took leave of 
 York Government, and Descending the 
 Moimtainos passage that almost broke my 
 heart in ascending before, we come to Stam- 
 ford, a well compact Town, but miserable 
 meeting house, w^^^ we passed, and thro' 
 many and great difficulties, as Bridges which 
 were exceeding high and very tottering and 
 of vast Length, steep and Rocky Hills and 
 precipices, (Buggbears to a fearful female 
 travailer ) About nine at night we come to 
 Norrwalk, having crept over i timber of a 
 Broken Bridge a? )ut thirty foot long, and 
 perhaps fifty to y« water. I was exceeding 
 tired and cold when we come to our Inn, 
 and could get nothing there but poor enter- 
 tainment, and the Impertinant Bable of one 
 of the worst of men, among many others 
 of which our Host made one, who, had he 
 bin one degree I mpudenter, would have out- 
 done his Grandfather. And this I think is 
 the most perplexed night I have yet had. 
 From hence, Saturday, Dec. 23, a very cold 
 
MADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 0t 
 
 and windy day, after an Intolerable night's 
 Lodging, wee hasted forward only observing 
 in our way the Town to be situated on a 
 Navigable river w*** indiferent Buildings and 
 people more refind than in some of the 
 Country towns wee had passed, tho' vicious 
 enough, the Church and Tavern being next 
 neighbours. Having Ridd thro a difficult 
 River wee come to Fairfield where wee 
 Baited and were much refreshed as well 
 with the Good things w'^** gratified our ap- 
 petites as the time took to rest our wearied 
 Limbs, w*^*' Latter I employed in enquiring 
 concerning the Town and manners of the 
 people, &c. This is a considerable town, 
 and fiUd as they say with wealthy people- 
 have a spacious meeting house and good 
 Buildings. But the Inhabitants are Liti- 
 gious, nor do they well agree with their 
 minister, who (they say) is a very worthy 
 Gendeman. 
 
 T6| 
 
 am 
 
 !e>i 
 
6£ 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 I 
 
 They have aboundance of sheep, whose 
 very Dung brings ihem great gain, with part 
 of which they pay their Parsons sallery, And 
 they Grudg that, prefering their Dung be- 
 fore their minister. They Lett out their 
 sheep at so much as they agree upon for a 
 night; the highest Bidder always caries 
 them. And they will sufficiently Dung a 
 Large quantity of Land before morning. 
 But were once Bitt by a sharper who had 
 them a night and shenred them all before 
 morning— From hence we went to Stratford, 
 the next Town, in which 1 observed but few 
 houses, and those not very good ones. But 
 the people that I conversed with were civill 
 and good natured. Here we staid till late at 
 night, being to cross a Dangerous River fer- 
 ry, the River at that time full of Ice ; but 
 after about four hours waiting with great 
 difficulty wee got over. My fears and fa- 
 tigues prevented my here taking any parti- 
 
MADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 6d 
 
 cular observation. Being got to Milford, it 
 being late in the night, I could go no fur- 
 ther; my fellow travailer going forward, I 
 
 was invited to Lodg at Mrs. , a very 
 
 kind and civill Gentlewoman, by whom I was 
 handsomely and kindly entertained till the 
 next night. The people here go very plain 
 in their apparel (more plain than I had ob- 
 served in the towns I had passed) and seem 
 to be very grave and serious. They told 
 me there was a singing Quaker lived there, 
 or at least had a strong inclination to be so. 
 His Spouse not at all affected that way. 
 Some of the singing Crew come there one 
 day to visit him, who being then abroad, 
 they sat down (to the woman's no small 
 vexation) Humming and singing and grone- 
 ing after their conjuring way— Says the wo- 
 man are you singing quakers? Yea says 
 Xhfjy— Then take my squalling Brat of a 
 child here and sing to it says she for I have al- 
 
 *P 
 
y 
 
 64 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 most split my throat w^'' singing to him and 
 cant get the Rogue to sleep. They took this 
 as a great Indignity, and mediately depart- 
 ed. Shaking the dust from their Heels left 
 the good woman and her Child among the 
 nlimber of the wicked. 
 
 This is a Seaport place and accomodated 
 with a Good Harbour, But I had not oppor- 
 tunity to make particular observations be- 
 cause it was Sabbath day— This Evening. 
 
 December 24. I set out with the Gentle- 
 womans son who she very civilly offered to 
 go with me when she see no parswasions 
 would cause me to stay which she pressingly 
 desired, and crossing a ferry having but nine 
 miles to New Haven, in a short time arrived 
 there and was Kindly received and well ac- 
 commodated amongst my Friends and Rela- 
 tions. 
 
 The Government of Connecticut Collony 
 
 hesins westward .towards York at Stanford 
 
 (5 
 
 * 1 
 
MAr^AM KNIGHT. 
 
 66 
 
 (as I am told) and so runs Eastward towards 
 Boston (I mean in my range, because I dont 
 intend to extend my desiripiion beyond my 
 own travails) and ends that way at Stoning- 
 ton— -And has a great many Large towns ly- 
 ing more northerly. It is a plentiful Country 
 for provisions of all sorts and its Generally 
 Healthy. No one that can and will be dilli- 
 gent in this place nred fear poverty nor the 
 want of food and Ravment. 
 
 January 6^'»' Being now well F cruited 
 and fitt for business Tdiscoursed the persons 
 I was concerned with, that we might finnish in 
 order to my return to Boston. They delays 
 as they had hitherto d'^ne hoping to tire my 
 Patience. But I was resolute to stay and see 
 an End :f the matter let it he never so much 
 to my disadvantage — So Jaau:iry 9th they 
 come again and promise the Wednesday foU 
 lowing to go through with the distribution of 
 the Estate which they delayed till Thursday 
 
 '^li 
 
 
66 
 
 THE JOUKNAL OF 
 
 #' i 
 
 and then come with new amusements. But 
 at length by the mediation of that holy good 
 Gentleman, the Rev. Mr. James Pierpont, 
 the minister of New Haven, and with the ad- 
 vice and assistance of other our Good friends 
 we come to an accommodation and distribu- 
 tion, which having finished though not till 
 February, the man that waited on me to 
 York taking the charge of me I sit out for 
 Boston. We went from New Haven upon 
 the ice (the ferry being not passable thereby) 
 and the Rev. Mr. Pierpont w^^ Madam Prout 
 Cuziii Trowbridge and divers others were 
 taking leave wee went onward without any 
 thing Remarkabl till wee come to New Lon- 
 don and Lodged again at Mr. Saltonstalls— 
 and here I dismist my Guide, and my Gene- 
 ros entertainer provided me Mr. Samuel Ro- 
 gers of that place to go home with me— 1 
 stayed a day hrre Longer than 1 intendeii by 
 the Commands of the Uon^^^ Govenor Win- 
 
MADAM KNIUHT. 
 
 er 
 
 throp to stay and take a supper with hitn 
 whose wonderful civility I may not omitt. 
 The next morning I Cros.sed y^ Ferry to Gro- 
 ton, having had the Honor of the Company,, 
 of Madam Livinq:ston (who is the Govenors 
 Daughter) and Mary Christophers and divers 
 others to the boat — And thar night Lodg'* at 
 Stonington and had Rost Beef and pumpkin 
 sause for supper. The next night at Haven's 
 and had Rost fov\le, and the next day wee 
 come to a river which by Reason of Y® Fresh- 
 etts coming down was swell'*' so high wee 
 fear<^ it impassable and the rapid stream was 
 very terryfying — However we must over and 
 that in a small Cannoo. Mr. Rogers assu- 
 ring me of his good Conduct, I after a stay of 
 near an hovv'r on the shore fur consultation 
 went into the Cannoo, and Mr. Rogers pad- 
 dled about 100 yards upthe Creek by the shore 
 side, turned into the swift stream and dexte- 
 rously steering her in a moment wee come to 
 
ft m 
 
 i^'. 
 
 Ill 'I 
 
 I 
 
 68 
 
 THE JOURNAL OF 
 
 the Other side as swiftly passing as an arrow 
 shott out of the Bow by a strong arm.. I 
 staid on y^ shore till Hee returned to fetch 
 our horses, which he caused to swim over 
 himself bringing the furniture in the Cannoo. 
 But it is past my skill to express the Exceed- 
 ing fright all their transactions formed in me. 
 Wee were now in the colony of the Massa- 
 chusetts and taking Lodgings at the first Inn 
 we come too had a pretty difficult passage the 
 next day which was the second of March by 
 reason of the sloughy ways then thawed by 
 the Sunn. Here I mett Capt. John Richards 
 of Boston who was going home, So being 
 very glad of his Company we Rode some- 
 thing harder than hitherto, and missing 
 my way in going up a very steep Hill, 
 my horse dropt down under me as Dead; 
 this new surprize no little Imrt me meet- 
 ing it Just at the Entrance into Drdliam 
 from whence we intended to reach home 
 
MADAM KNIGHT. 
 
 69 
 
 that night. But was now obliged to gelt 
 another Hors there and leave my own, 
 resolving for Boston that night if possible. 
 But in going over the Causeway at Dedham 
 the Bridge being overflowed by the high wa- 
 ters comming down I very narrowly escaped 
 falling over into the river Hors and all wch 
 twas almost a miracle I did not — now it grew 
 late in the afternoon and the people having 
 very much discouraged us about the sloughy 
 way w^^ they said wee should find very diffi- 
 cult and hazardous it so wrought on mee be- 
 ing tired and dispirited and disapointed of 
 my desires of going home that I agreed to 
 Lodg there that night w^h vvee did at the 
 house of one Draper, and the next day being 
 March 3d wee got safe home to Boston, 
 where I found my aged and tender mother 
 and my Dear and only Child in good health 
 with open arms redy to receive me, and my 
 Kind relations and friends flocking in to wel-^ 
 
ut 
 
 / M 
 
 70 
 
 THE JOURNAL, &C. 
 
 come mee and hear the story of my trans- 
 actions and travails I having this day bin five 
 months from home and now 1 cannot fully 
 express my Joy and Satisfaction. But de- 
 sire sincearly to adore my Great Benefactor 
 for thus graciously carying forth and return- 
 ing in safety his unworthy handmaid. 
 
 ^ 
 
THE 
 
 miitute Souvmlu 
 
 Vi 
 
 KEPT BV 
 
 REV. JOHN BUCKINGHAM 
 
 OF THE 
 
 EXPEDiriOJ^ AGAmST CA^TADA, 
 
 ur 
 
 THE YEARS 1710 & 1711. 
 
 From the Original J\Iamucripts, 
 
 NEW- YORK: WILDER & CAMPBELL. 
 
 1825. 
 
 »-«.; it 
 
d'K 
 
 1*1 
 
 [*.; */ 
 
 
«# 
 
 ZNTHODVCTZOIV. 
 
 The Diaries from which the following ex- 
 tracts are made, were written by Mr. Buck- 
 ingham, Minister of the second preshyterian 
 church in Hartford, Connecticut, during the 
 expeditions against Canada, in 1711 and 
 1711, undertaken by the Colonies at the or- 
 der of Queen Anne. The orthography in 
 the following pages is generally modernized. 
 
 An expedition had been formed in the year 
 1709 against Montreal and Quebec, for which 
 nearly 3000 men were furnished in quotas by 
 the Colonies, but it had entirely failed, be- 
 cause the English fleet and troops which were 
 intended to co-operate, were unexpectedly 
 despatched to Portugal. The troops suffered 
 
 miich by sickness, but never came into action. 
 
 7 
 
S 
 
 74 
 
 On account of the frontiers being continu- 
 ally harassed by parties of French and In- 
 dians, the Colonies were extremely urgent 
 that another attempt should be made to con- 
 quer Canada ; and General Nicholson and 
 Colonel Schuyler went to England in the 
 latter part of the year 1709, to solicit the per- 
 mission and ass^stan-.e of the government. 
 These were granted ; although the govern- 
 ment really meditated nothing further than the 
 capture of Port Royal and Nova Scotia, and 
 actually accomplished only the former. It 
 is hardly necessary to mention, that it is not 
 the importance of the facts, but the hints of 
 the situation of the country, which have in- 
 duced the publication of these diaries. 
 
 In July, 1710, news was received that 
 Lord Shannon was under sailing orders for 
 America, and on the 18th of September, a 
 fleet of 36 ships of war and transports, part 
 ©f which had been sent over from England, 
 
75 
 
 sailed from Nantasket for Port Royal. In 
 these were embarked all the regular troops 
 which had arrived, together with the soldiers 
 furnished by several of the Colonies. Four- 
 teen transports were furnished by Massachu- 
 setts, 5 by Connecticut, 2 by New Hamp- 
 shire, and 3 by Rhode Island ; and General 
 Nicholson was invested with the chief com- 
 mand. 
 
 Our author accompanied the expedition as 
 chaplain to the Connecticut troops. On the 
 24th of September, they arrived at Pcvt 
 Royal, and on the 21st of the following 
 month they began a fire upon the fort, from 
 three batteries of two mortars and twenty- 
 four cohorns. The Star bomb-ship at the 
 same time threw shells among the enemy. 
 
 The circumstances attending the expedi- 
 tion up to this period, appear to be detailed 
 with minuteness in the diary before us ; but 
 as the first part of it is written in a cypher 
 
76 
 
 difficult to understand, it will be sufficient for 
 the present to publish only that which is legi- 
 ble, and which begins with the capitulation 
 of the fort. 
 
 I' a 
 
 ;<im 
 
A DIARY OF THE NAVAL 
 
 fSptiiVitfon uaMmt 39ott 3&ofial< 
 
 IN THE YEAR 1710. 
 
 • 7* 
 
IV 
 
 ■Ml^ 
 
 U 
 
 
D I A R Y, &c. 
 
 An account of what I brought from Hart- 
 ford. 
 
 A great coat, a new black broad-cloth coat, 
 a serge coat, a drugget jacket, a white waist- 
 coat, a new pair of serge breeches, a pair of 
 leather ones, 2 shirts, 3 bands, 5 handker- 
 chiefs, (three white ones and two Rumals,) 
 Stnckens, two pair of grey ones, and one of 
 black, a new pair of shoes, 2 pair of gloves, a 
 hat new in May last, a Bible borrowed of 
 brother Samuel Woodbridge, a psalm book, 
 an ink-horn, knife and fork, tobacco box, 
 between twenty and thirty shillings in silver, 
 silver shoe buckles, small tobacco tongs, a 
 |)en-knife, two nfipkins. 
 
 I 
 
 mir-:^!im^^ 
 
iil 
 
 80 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 An account of my expenses and prepara- 
 tions in the expedition against Port Royal, 
 especially in things taken up at Boston : 
 
 Imprimis. la my Journey to Boston, ZOO. 04. 10 
 
 2. To a pair of stockings, 
 
 3. Five yards black Russells, at 
 
 9s. 6d. - - - 
 
 4. Two yards Garlick, at 2s. 
 
 5. Od i yard 3-4 Saloone, at 4s. 
 
 6. To two doz. 1-2 buttons, at 8d. 
 
 7. To three bands, - • " 
 
 8. To a silk handkerchief. 
 
 9. To the Taylor for raowhair, 
 
 silk and making my jacket, 
 
 10. To a Knit waistcoat, 
 
 11. To a pair of black milled stockins, 
 12*. A loose gown, at Major Walter's, 
 l3. A grey drugget coat, 
 
 And three silk ham^Verchiefs, 
 
 . 4. 6 
 
 1. 12. 6 
 4. 
 
 - 7. 
 1. 8 
 
 . 6. 9 
 
 12. 5 
 10. 1 
 
 7. 
 
 9. 
 
 15. A pair of gloves, &c. Knit cap, both gi- 
 ven me by Mr. Wadsworth. 
 
 16. For a great, and one small tooth Comb. 
 
 adUl- 
 
 The Colony oj Connecticut debt. 
 To our expenses for my journey to 
 
 Boston, 
 
 10. 14. GO 
 
REV. MR. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 Bl 
 
 14. 00 
 
 To 20s. delivered to Sergt. Wor- 
 thington, to pay his board at Bos- 
 ton, and for his horse and journey 
 
 back, 1. 0. 
 
 The Colony of Connecticut Credit. 
 To four pounds in bills of credit delivered to me by 
 Mr. N. Stanley, - - - - M. 00. 00 
 
 To particulars taken up at Maj. Wal- 
 
 leys : 
 Imprimis. To 20 yds. Damask, at 2s. 
 8d. per yd. - . - 
 Tosixyrds. shagg, - - - 
 To a silk handkerchief, - 
 
 7 yrds. 3-4 hoiland, at 3s. lOd. - 
 To thread, 6d, - 
 To making to shirts, - - - 
 To making a gown, 
 
 8 yrds. drugget, at 4s. per yrd. - 
 5 yrds. shalloon, at 3s. 6d. 
 3 doz. buttons at 16d. 
 To Buckram tape, silk, mowhair, 
 
 and making the coat, 
 
 October 2. Monday, Hostages exchanged 
 between the camp and fort. Those on our 
 part were Colonel Reading and Capt. Mat- 
 
 2. 13. 
 
 4 
 
 12. 
 
 
 
 1. 9. 
 
 8 
 
 
 6 
 
 6. 
 
 
 
 3. 
 
 
 
 1. 12. 
 
 
 
 17. 
 
 6 
 
 4. 
 
 
 
 1. 4. 
 
 
 
 9. 5. 
 
 6 
 
 I #'*-te. 
 
82 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 •li ;'. 
 
 1^ ■ 
 
 i 
 
 tbews ; on the French side were the Deputy 
 Governor and Commissary. 
 
 One of the Falmouth's men unfortunately 
 killed by his fellow, as they were shooting at 
 swirte. Capt. Fatherly, commander of one 
 of our transports, who had been out on a 
 cruize, brought in hither thirteen men taken 
 by a French privateer, and set on shore at the 
 mouth of this harbor. 
 
 5. Thursday. The garrison marched out 
 with the usual marks of honor : drums beat- 
 ing, colours flying, &c. about four o'clock af- 
 ternoon, at what time a detachment from 
 the several regiments marched into the fort, 
 and took possession of it. The rest of the 
 army returned to their camp. The union 
 flag being hoisted, the cannon of the fort and 
 men of war were discharged. 
 
 9. Monday. Our troops, exc^^prkg those 
 that are to keep garriso i iv^re this winter, 
 were enbarked in ordor to their oeing trans- 
 ported into their own country. 
 
 i 
 
REV. MR. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 83 
 
 The Summons sent into the Fort, 
 Francis Nicholson^ Esq. General and Com- 
 mander in Chief of all her Majestyh of 
 Great Britain^ forces noiv before Port 
 Royaly 
 
 To 
 Monsieur Suhercase, Knight of the military 
 order of St, Louisy ^c. Governor for the 
 French King of D Ace lie and Port Royal 
 You are hereby required and commanded , 
 
 to deliver up to me for the Queen of Great 
 Britain the Fort now in your possession, as 
 what of right belongs to her now said Ma- 
 jesty, together with all the territories under 
 your eommaud, Ly virtue of an undoubted 
 right of her Royal piedecessor ; and that to- 
 gether with ail caiiuon, mortars, magazines 
 of war, and trno^ir, under your ronimand ; 
 otherwise I siiali endeavour to reduce forth- 
 with the same I j force of her majesty's arms. 
 Given under my hand and seal this first dav of 
 
 i 
 
 ^1^^*- 
 
!«• 
 
 84 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 October, in the ninth year of the reign of our 
 Sovereign Queen Anne, by the Grace of God 
 Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland, 
 Defender of the Faith. Anno Domini 1710. 
 
 NICHOLSON. 
 
 The Answer, done in English, 5^c. 
 Sir: 1 have just now received by one of 
 your Colonels and another officer of your ar- 
 my, a summons to surrender unto you the 
 fort which my King hath left under my care, 
 and *• ^ upon a pretence which I believe is 
 not I grounded; nevertheless, to avoid 
 the effusion of blood, and expecting the deci- 
 sion of your pretended right, (which without 
 doubt shall have its place in its time,) I will 
 hear the proposal of an honorable and advan- 
 tageous capitulation, which I know how to 
 make good by a vigorous defence, which all 
 my officers desire: for that i^ar. tvse. Sir, you 
 may choose two of your officers, an.: 1 shall 
 
REV. MR. BUGKINGHAM. 
 
 86 
 
 give as many of mine, whom I shall send into 
 the camp, if you send me a good passport 
 and some hostages, so that I may treat with 
 surety, and to whom I shall give a project 
 of my pretences. Sir, this is all I can say to 
 you at present ; and I finish in assuring you 
 that I am your most humble and obedient 
 servant : 
 
 SUBERCASE. 
 At Port Royal, 12 Oct, N. S. 1710. 
 
 Articles of capitulation agreed for the re- 
 duction of Port Royal Fort in L'Acadie, be- 
 tween Mr. Daniel Auger De Subercase, Esqr. 
 of the military order of St. Louis, Governor 
 under his most Sacred, most Christian Ma- 
 jesty, &c. and Mrs. Francis Nicholson, Ge- 
 neral and Commander in Chief of the troops 
 belonging tc her sacred majesty Anne, Queen 
 of Great Britain. 
 
 1. That the Garrison shall go out with 
 
nii 
 
 ge JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 arms and baggage, beating the drum, and co- 
 
 lours flying. 
 
 2 Tiiat we shall have good vessels, wiih 
 
 sufficient provision to carry us to Rochel or 
 
 to Rochfort by the nearest way, where the 
 
 said vessels shall receive a good passport for 
 
 their returning home. 
 
 3 That I shall have liberty to take six 
 pieces of cannon, to my choice, with two 
 mortars, to my ehoi( e also. 
 
 4. That the officers shall carry away all 
 
 their efficts, of what nature they may be ; or 
 they shall have liberty to sell them to .he best 
 
 adv'amage; the payment thereof shall be 
 
 made faithfully. 
 
 6. That the inhabitants within cannon 
 shot of the fori may stay upon their estates, 
 and enjoy their grain, vessels and im.novea- 
 bles, for the space of two years, if they do 
 not choose to go before that time ; and that 
 those that shall be willing to stay, shall have 
 
REV. MU. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 87 
 
 liberty so to do, provided, that they shall take 
 the oath of fidelity to her sacred majesty of 
 Great Britain, 
 
 6. That the privateers belonging to the 
 West Indies shall have one vessel to carry 
 them home. 
 
 7. That those that shall be willing to re- 
 tire themselves to Placentia in Newfoundland, 
 shall have the liberty by the nearest way. 
 
 8. That the Canadians and others that 
 have a mind to go to Canada, may go in the 
 space of one year. 
 
 9. That the effects, ornamehts and uten- 
 sils belonging to the Chapel shall be returned 
 to the Chaplain, with the rest belonging to 
 the hospital. 
 
 10. I promise to deliver the fort of Port 
 Royal into the hands of Francis Nicholson, 
 for the Queen of Great Britain, three days 
 after the ratification of these presents and 
 agreement, with all the effects belonging to 
 
 I 
 
88 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 1 
 
 i! 
 
 the king, viz : cannons mortars, bombs, bul- 
 lets, powder and small arms. 
 
 11. I shall faithfully discover all the 
 mines and underground works. 
 
 All the articles of the present agreement 
 shall be faithful, fulfilled, and without difficul- 
 ty, and signed on both sides. 
 
 Given at Port Royal, this 13th of Oc- 
 tober, 1710, N. S, 
 NICHOLSON. SUBERCASE. 
 
 General Nicholson^s Instructions to Major 
 
 Livingston* 
 
 Sir : If, upon your arrival at Canada, you 
 find it consistent with her Majesty's immedi- 
 ate service, make all possible despatch back 
 again to New England to me ; and if I am 
 embarked for Great Britain, take the first 
 passage, and come over land to give an ac- 
 count of your errand, aiid what may be for 
 the public service. However, write to me 
 
REV. MR. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 80 
 
 5, bul- 
 
 ill the 
 
 3ement 
 lifficul- 
 
 3f Oc- 
 
 SE. 
 Major 
 
 ila, you 
 mmedi- 
 ;h back 
 if I am 
 he first 
 an ac- 
 be for 
 to me 
 
 by all possible conveyances of all things rela- 
 ting to the affair you go upon. 
 
 Given under my hand at Annapolis 
 Royal, this 16th October, in the 
 9ih year of her majesty's reign, 
 1710, 
 
 FR. NICHOLSON. 
 October 19, Thursday 1710. This morn- 
 ing at four o'clock the signal was given to 
 unniODr ; about six we weighed and towed 
 out of the harbour. We were here awhile 
 becalmed till about noon, when an easy gale 
 sprung up, and gently wafted us across the 
 
 bay to , over against which lay the 
 
 Wolves, being per Ettinalern fourteen leagues 
 from the entrance of Annapolis Royal har- 
 bor. The weather was fair and pleasant 
 and the sea unusually smooth. Our pilot, 
 who had often sailed, told us he never knew 
 it so before. A great smile of Providence 
 
 We made the opening between Grand — 
 
 8^ 
 
 i&: 
 
90 
 
 JOURNAL OF tHfi 
 
 and the place called the Wolves in good sea- 
 son, and stood under our course at night, 
 steering West-south-west, and the wind be- 
 ing East and by South, blowing very fresh ; 
 the night rainy and the sea unquiet and much 
 
 agitated. 
 
 20. Friday. This morning we were 
 abreast of long island, which lieth ^bout 8 
 leagues west of Mount Desert ; having run, as 
 is concluded, thirty leagues last night. We 
 spied five sail ahead of us ; one of which is 
 our briganteen, Moses Mansfield master. 
 The rest, part of our fleet (open sloops). 
 Before sunset two others came up with us- 
 We all put into the South-west harbour, at 
 the Isle of Holt, which is westward twenty- 
 five leagues from Granmenen, said to be half 
 way by the shortest passage between Anna- 
 polis Royal and Nantuchet. 
 
 21. Saturday. Early this morning we 
 left the Isle of Holt, under a fresh gale. 
 
REV. MR. BUCKTNOHAM. 
 
 91 
 
 Isea- 
 "ght, 
 d be- 
 Vesh ; 
 much 
 
 were 
 bout 8 
 un, as 
 We 
 lich is 
 master, 
 loops). 
 nth us. 
 our, at 
 wenty- 
 be half 
 
 Anna- 
 
 ing we 
 h gale. 
 
 We soon came up with Malinisns, an island 
 distant four leagu es from thence. Soon after 
 we made Mouhegan, to which from Malia- 
 isns is reckoned ten ieaejues. At night ctime to 
 an anchor in Pemmaquid harbour, a little be- 
 low the ruins of the fort built here by the En- 
 glish. This is said to be five leagups from 
 Mouhegan ; so that we have run 20 leagues 
 this day. The air thick and wet. We found 
 the briganteen and sloops that came with us 
 from the Isle of Holt, with fourteen or fifteen 
 fishermen. 
 
 22. Sabbath. At anchor in Pemmaquid 
 Harbour; the wind against us and very 
 strong — the weather dark and very rainy, till 
 about an hour by sun at night, when the wind 
 began to shift, and the sky to open. 
 
 29. Monday. Continueu at anchor as 
 above. We went on shore and viewed the 
 country on both sides the river. On the 
 south side stood the fort, the ruins whereof 
 
■■<Q 
 
 
 .VJ^. ^^,^ ^\,v^ 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-S) 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 1.25 
 
 ■ 56 13.2 
 
 US 
 
 2,5 
 2.2 
 
 6" 
 
 ^ III 2.0 
 
 1.8 
 
 U ill! 1.6 
 
 C^J 
 
 ,>: 
 
 -p 
 
 
 ^' ^^' 
 
 C/1 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 V 
 
 iV 
 
 %^ 
 
 'Oi 
 
 .V 
 
 t 
 
 
 -<g^^ ^\ WrS 
 
 % 
 
 '^^ 
 
 <^ 
 
? 
 
 
 .V 
 
 ^^5, 
 
 t/a 
 
92 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 H fl 
 
 Still remain. The land is well cloathed with 
 English grass, among, of which there grows 
 great quantities of wormwood and parsnips, 
 with some apple trees, btit without fruH. 
 North-east from the fort, we met with seve- 
 ral grave-stones, with some letters engraven 
 on them, particularly on one H. M. 1695; 
 near to which are three trenches of the In- 
 dians, made when they landed. We crossed 
 the river to the opposite side for water. On 
 both sides were plain paths, made, as we 
 judged by the Indians that inhabit or frequent 
 this place, with other evident tokens of their 
 having been very lately here. 
 
 24. Tuesday. Windbound at Pemma- 
 quid. '^ 
 
 25. Wednesday. This morning, or rat- 
 tner late last ni2;ht, the open sloops and shal- 
 lops, in all twenty-one, sailed out of this har- 
 bour. Abcnt ten the ships and briganteen 
 bound for New London weighed ; but for 
 
 t; f 
 
REV. MR. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 93 
 
 want of vi^ind were obliged to anchor again 
 about noon. The wind freshened then, and 
 we came to sail ; the wind proving scanty, 
 and the weather looking doubtful and lower- 
 ing, we tacked twice and stood in for Pem- 
 maquid harbour again ; but about sun-down, 
 the wind being more large, it was resolved to 
 put to sea. We had a fresh gale and run per 
 estimation, about 25 leagues. 
 , 26c Thursday. This morning, early, we 
 made Agomenticus Hills, on eur starboard 
 bow, which is accounted 25 leagues to the 
 west of Pemmaquid. The night was clear 
 and the sea smooth. 
 
 About 12 or 10 o'clock, we made Cape 
 Ann ; by night were almost up with it : but 
 
 aot being able to fetch it, resolve ^o it 
 
 to windward. About 12 at night we parted 
 from the briganteen. 
 
 ^ 27. Friday in the morning put into Cape 
 Ann. In^ the evening Lieu|ei|aiit Cyp. Ni- 
 
 ) 
 
 ■eif 'Sflfctf '_!(*»..__,.;.■ _i 
 
' 
 
 94 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 I,; 
 
 
 ■t I' 
 
 :'J^ I 
 
 
 
 m. 
 
 li i.ii 
 
 cholls, with about fifty soldiers belonging t 
 
 our regiment, came on shore, in order t< 
 march home by land. They went out o 
 
 town a little after sun-sc . 
 
 28. Saturday. Wind-bound in Cape Ann 
 
 harbour. 
 
 29. Sabbath. At Cape Ann. I lodged 
 
 at Mr. White's. Preached ist John, 3, 8 
 latter. 
 
 30. Monday. Mr. Christophers and my- 
 self, having provided horses and a pilot, set 
 out for Boston. We passed through Man- 
 ch(;ster, (commonly called Jeffrey's Creek, 
 reckoned seven or eight miles from, Glouces- 
 ter, or Cape Ann,) and Beverly, seven miles 
 from thence, Mr. Blower minister,) we cross- 
 ed the ferry to Salem for sixpence a- piece. 
 Dined at Pratt's, paid for ourselves, five in 
 all, and our horse-meat, 7s. Id. From hence 
 we travelled 15 miles for Boston. A stone 
 set up at the end of each mile, with figures 
 
REV. MR. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 96 
 
 marked on both sides, signifying the distance 
 to and from those extremes between Salem 
 and Boston. In this road lie the following 
 towns: Ljnn, Riimle, Marsh. We arrived 
 at Winnesimit about an hour after sun-set, 
 (calling by the way at Lewis's,) here we 
 paid our pilot, (his father refusing to agree 
 with us, and referring the matter to his son,) 
 for his journey and the two horses we rode 
 upon, the sum of thirty shillings, which he 
 demanded — an unconscionable and extrava- 
 gant price. Quickly after we came hither, 
 we look about, [probably some omission,'] 
 and the wind being fair and blowing fresh, 
 had a quick and easy passage to Boston. 
 
 81. Tuesday. Lodged at Mr. Gosse's. 
 
 November L Went over to Roxbury. 
 
 2. Thursday. Lodged last night at Mr. 
 Wallefs. This day arrived Ikth, one La- 
 throp, from the westward, bringing the sad 
 tidings of a ship driven ashore on the back 
 
96 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 }, I 
 
 t * 
 
 14 1 
 
 11 ■ 
 
 side of Cape Cod, all her masts gone. They 
 saw some men on shore — a sailor on board, 
 said Lathrop, concludes it to be the Mary, 
 galley, the biggest of Connecticut transports, 
 belonging to Mr. Tryland, Capt. Clark Com- 
 mander. We left about thirty people in her 
 at Cape Ann. 
 
 3. Friday. * * * * This morning our 
 General, of all men one of the most (jJene- 
 rous, sent me per Mr, Bertrand, Junior, the 
 sum of fifty shillings, to bear my expences 
 home. A liberal man studies liberal things. 
 
 6. Monday. Bought of Mr Philips a bi- 
 ble, which cost me 12 shillings. Paid to Mr. 
 Campbell, post master, seven shillings, being 
 tht> arrearage due for the year 1710. 
 
 7. Tuesday. * * * I look my journey 
 from Boston about 8 in the morning. We 
 came to Mr. Devotion's at night. The way 
 thus: wa travelled from Boston to DeHham, 
 10 miles ; from thence to Whites, 6 ; from 
 
REV. MH. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 97 
 
 thence to Billings's, 6 ; from Billings's to De- 
 votions, 10. I paid for horse-meat at Fish- 
 ers, fourpence ; at White's, a groat apiece ; 
 and at Billings's, for our dinner and oats, 
 Is. which Mr. Deming f nid. Weather and 
 ways dirty- Paid to Bennet, for keeping my 
 horse, from thursday to this morning, four 
 shillings. 
 
 8. Wednesday. For myself and horse 
 16 at Demotions. We mounted about sun^ 
 rise, and travelled this day to Irish's, about 
 miles according to the following estima- 
 tion : From Devotions to Freeman's, five ; 
 from thence to Whipples, where it cost me 
 for horse-meat and ferriage six pence; from 
 thence to Providence, five ; from thence to 
 Tanner's (where for horse-meat 3d more,) five; 
 from thence to Abbot's, two and half; from 
 thence to Cooper's, eleven — here I paid a shil- 
 ling for oats and a dram, whereof six-pence 
 
 -Iffi' * 
 
98 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 
 ■V 
 
 
 m, 
 
 ' la 
 
 
 
 !? 
 
 .r> 
 
 belonged to Mr* Denning ; from Cooper's to 
 White's, 3 miles. 
 
 9. Thursday. We travelled this day from 
 Smiths to Windham- The distances between 
 those places, thus reckoned : from Smith's to 
 Whitney's, at Planelield four and an half; 
 from thence to Cieaveland's, four ; from 
 Cleaveland's to the river, four; from the ri- 
 ver to the town, six— in all about nineteen 
 miles. We paid at Smith's for ourselves and 
 horses 3s. Sd- the half of it mine excepting a 
 small matter for oats, that Mr. D. * * * *. 
 At Whitney's, our breakfast and horse-meat, 
 19d- a very reasonable lay. At Cleavelands, 
 ibr ferriage, oats and a quart^ of cyder, 12d. 
 The two last sums I paid, and so discounted 
 with my companion* 
 
 10, Friday. I left two shillings at Mr. 
 Webb's of Windham, for the man (one Hy- 
 bert,) that brought my horse from Hartford ; 
 being what he demanded for that service. I 
 
 
 ^((l'jfe'5?!*!*nr*«fc-_. 
 
REV. MR. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 99 
 
 paid also to the same person two French 
 groats for piloting us over the river, abo'it five 
 miles from hence. Left Mr. Williams iiis 
 horse in the hands of the constable, to bo con- 
 veyed to Mansfield. Got a pair of old shoes 
 sot on my horse, one of which I had of Mr. 
 Webb, for which he demanded six-pence ; 
 which with half a pint of rum I had of him, 
 he charged the country with- 
 
 Returned to my own house about eight 
 o'clock at night, when I had the satisfaction 
 of seeing my family in good health, (bles- 
 sed be God,) after a long absence from iht m. 
 
! 1^ 
 
 i4J 
 
 ^T-'wA^ r.:^' 
 
A DIARY OF THE 
 
 LAND EXPEDITION 
 
 AGAINST 
 
 CROWlf TOTSi 
 
 IN THE TEAR 1711. 
 
* 
 
 — 
 
 
ZlffTKODVOTZON. 
 
 General Nicholson made another vrjf 
 age to England after the capitulation of Port 
 Royal, to ask leave for another expedition 
 against Canada. The n- * nistry unexpectedly 
 consented; and in June, 1711, a fleet of 
 twelve men of war arrived at Boston, but 
 without either pilots or provisions. The 
 northern colonies, however, raised large sup- 
 plies of provisions and nien with great promp- 
 titude ; and on the 20 of July, the fleet, under 
 Admiral Walker, sailed for the St. Lawrence^ 
 being encreased by the addition of three Ea- 
 
104 
 
 
 
 J, 
 
 li 
 
 
 glish ships before on the coast, forty trans- 
 ports, six store ships, and a heavy train of ar- 
 tillery and ammunition. 
 
 General Nicholson had the command of the 
 army which was assembled at Albany, and 
 consisted of about four thousand men fur- 
 nished from the colonies. Colonel Whit- 
 ing commanded the Connecticut troops, Co- 
 lonel Schuyler those ofNew York, and Co- 
 lonel Ingoldsby those of New Jersey . 
 
D I A R Y, ^c. 
 
 August 8, 1711. An account of what I 
 brought from home, and carry with me In the 
 present expedition against Canada ; 
 
 1. A black broad-cloth coat, 
 A grey coloured coat, 
 A jacket Russells, 
 A black drugget jacket, 
 A little white jacket 
 A pair of black serge breeches, 
 A pair of black drugget breeches, nen^ 
 Two Holland shirts, very good, 
 Two speckled shirts, one taken up on the 
 
 Country account at Capt. Whiting's, the 
 
 other at Mr. Doly's. 
 Four pair of stockings, one black worsted, 
 
 another mixed worsted taken up at Gapt. 
 
 Whiting's, on the Country account, the 
 
 other two home-spun grey. 
 Two pair of shoes, one new of King,^ 
 
 with a pair of silver buckles* 
 
 2. 
 3. 
 4. 
 6. 
 6. 
 7. 
 8. 
 9. 
 
 10. 
 
 11. 
 
 ii 
 
106 
 
 REV. MR. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 ■ 
 
 1^ 
 
 13. 
 
 12. Five coloured handkerchiefs; two silk, one 
 cotton, and if I mistake not, taken up at 
 .Tonathan Arnold's, two rumals, one * * * 
 at Capt Whiting's. 
 Three bands, and two pair of gloves, 
 
 1 4. A Portmantle with lock and key, 
 
 15. One bottle of mint- water, and another of 
 
 rum and clove-water mixed together. 
 
 16. Two galley-pots, with essence of roses, 
 
 1 7. A mail pillion, Snapsack, a razor, a ball of co- 
 
 quolate, sope, a quire and half of paper, a 
 knife and fork in a case Jack, a steel to- 
 bacco box. 
 
 A cartouch box, a gun boot and powder horn 
 with the union flag cut out upon it, and 
 Indian string to hang it on. 
 
 Two white handkercheifs. 
 
 20. A silver seal with about five and twenty shil- 
 
 lings in silver. 
 
 21. An ink-horn and tobacco stopper, with two 
 little brass pipes upon it. 
 
 A bible, Psalm book, Milton on Comus, and 
 
 many notes. 
 A knit wastecoat and little penknife. 
 The prices of several things. 
 
 Four yards of Garlick Holland, att 
 
 3s 4d iQ^ 13^ 4 
 
 18. 
 
 19. 
 
 22. 
 
 23. 
 
REV. MR. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 Fan, - - *. 
 
 Pins of sorts, one 22d, the other 19, 
 A baby, - . . . 
 
 A silk musling handkerchief, - 
 A pair of sizers, - - - 
 Three thirds alimole, at 6s pr. yd. 
 A London Baby, - - - 
 A pound of Coquolate, 
 Three quarters a yard calico, - 
 
 107 
 
 1. 4 
 1. 8 
 
 3 
 4. 6 
 
 8 
 
 1. 4. 
 
 4. 6 
 
 2. 4 
 
 3. 2 
 
 2. 15. 9 
 
 These sent to Hartford to my wife, by 
 Sergt. Worthington, Sept. 8. 1710. 
 
 I sent home my silver f.eal, tobacco stopper, 
 and cartouch box, by Samuel Cole of Hart- 
 ford. 
 
 Aug. 8. Wednesday. At New Haven. 
 
 9. Thursday. Three companies, viz : 
 L. Colo. Livingston's, Major Burr's and Capt. 
 Crane's, marched out of New Haven, with 
 whom went Mr. Edwards. 
 
 10. The rest of our troops marched out 
 of this town. 
 
 ■ Ik 
 
108 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 1 1.. 
 
 in 
 jp: ^ 
 
 P 1 t 
 
 !5. Monday. We halted at Woodlniry. 
 
 14. Tuesday. We went from thence to 
 Sackets farm. From Woodbury to this place 
 
 may be reckoned 74 miles : 12 to 12 
 
 to Swift river, 14 to the fort. About a mile 
 of the dwelling house is a river very difficult 
 to pass, by reason of the steepness of the 
 banks ; and about a mile short of this is a 
 very miry place, which is avoided by wind- 
 ing round to the left. My horse fell under 
 me, and rolled on my left leg, but without 
 hurt. 
 
 15. Wednesday. We lodged at Dyck- 
 man's on the manor. From Sacket's farm 
 to this place is counted 32 miles. 
 
 16. Thursday. Lodged at Kenderhook, 
 
 29 distant from the Bush , viz: 12 
 
 from thence to Claverack, 12 more to this 
 place. 
 
 17. Friday. We arrived at Greenbush 
 about three in the afternoon. From Ken- 
 
 
Miry. 
 Bnce to 
 IS place 
 
 12 
 
 a mile 
 lifficult 
 of the 
 lis is a 
 wind- 
 I under 
 I'ithout 
 
 Djck- 
 
 s farm 
 
 rhook, 
 iz: 12 
 :o this 
 
 inbush 
 Ken- 
 
 REV. MR. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 109 
 
 derhook to this place they count 29 miles. 
 We passed a small river about midwaj. Our 
 course from Dickerman's hither is northerly, 
 through pine plains, for the most part a very 
 good road. 
 
 * * * * Cijpher, * * * * , 
 19. Sabbath. Preached from Psalm 20, 
 3.— The rest of Colonel Schuyler's regiment 
 embarqued in the evening upon battoes and 
 stood for the flats. 
 
 21. Tuesday. Four companies of Colo- 
 nel Ingoldsby's regiment embarqued for the 
 flats. The chaplains ^vere ordered a regi- 
 mental suit, fusee, and accoutrements. Ac- 
 cordingly Mr. Edwards and myself went to 
 the commissary and took them up. * * 
 
 28. Thursday. The remainder of the re- 
 gular troops, encamped on the south river of 
 Albany, struck their tents, in order to their 
 embarquing ; but finding their battoes very . 
 
 leaky, were obliged to pitch them again. 
 
 10 
 
110 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 ;ri 
 
 
 [Transcribed out of the London Gazette.] 
 *^ Our advices from Poland import that Prince 
 Galizzyn had defeated a considerable body 
 of Tartars, and taken from them five thou-^ 
 
 sand horses ; that the Palatine of S vi^ 
 
 was missing, and according to the report 
 in the Muscovite army, among the slain ; 
 that the Tartars are retired to their own ha- 
 bitations, dissatisfied with their expedition. 
 According to advices from Belgrade and 
 
 all the Cossacks have declared for the 
 
 Muscovites, and most of the Tartars volun- 
 teered to go to their own habitations— that 
 the Muscovites had defeated the Turks near 
 Bender and pillaged the place. Her majesty 
 has been pleased to constitute and appoint 
 Col. Wm. Tayler, Adjutant General of the 
 Massachusetts province." 
 
 24, Friday. This day three of our com- 
 panies, viz : Capt Crane's, Capt. Wood's and 
 Capt. Dimond's, embarqued for Half Moon, 
 
REV. MR. BUCKINGHAM* 11 1 
 
 including those who were appointed to drive 
 and goad the cattle that go for their sub- 
 sistence. Col. Whiting came in to the camp. 
 
 About four hundred of the nations of 
 
 Indians came into Albany. 
 
 25. Saturday. Yesterday I paid to my 
 Tayler, Sergt. Wallis, eight shiiiingii in silver 
 towards making my blew coat, laid out above 
 four in coquolate, gingerbread and pipes. A 
 pound of coquolate cost me 2s. 6d. 18d. of 
 gingerbread, 5d. pipes : in all 4s. 6d. — Yes- 
 terday received letters from home. 
 
 26. Sabbath. Preached at Albany from 
 Isaiah3, 10& 11. 
 
 Tuesday. I left Albany about two after- 
 noon, in company of Col. Livingstone and 
 five more, and came in the evening into the 
 camp at Stillwater, (wrote home by Lieu- 
 tenant Treat,) where is at present general 
 health, and none dangerously sick. 
 
 29. Wednesday. Lieut. General Schuy- 
 
112 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 C , ^ ., I. 
 
 i»i! 
 
 in 
 
 
 i I 
 
 ler came into the camp, as !^lso Col. In- 
 
 goldsbj, Col. ; a party of Indians, 
 
 consisting of a captain and ten under him 
 passed by this camp, as it is suspected, in or- 
 der to get a prisoner at Canada. 
 
 30. Thursday. At Stillwater, waiting 
 for the repairing our baitoes. The Indians 
 designed for Canada are staid in this camp, 
 and not gone. * * * * 
 
 SL Friday. General Nicholson came 
 into the camp at Stillwater, and was received 
 with a tripple huzza from the several regi- 
 ments as he passed through them. The Ou- 
 ondagous and Caiyujoes, about 200 or 250, 
 arrived in our camp. 
 
 September 1,1711. Sundry parties of In- 
 dians came into the camp. It is said in all 
 they make about 600. Twelve men from 
 our regiment, and proportionally from the 
 rest, were detained to drive cattle to Surro- 
 
 ■1 
 
REV. MR. BOOKFNQHAM. H^ 
 
 logo. Also eight men out of Connecticut 
 regiment, and so in proportion of the rest 
 were detached to clear the wayes to Surro- 
 togo* 
 
 A private sentinel belonging to Col. In- 
 goldsby's regiment, was wounded in the 
 shoulder bj a ball shot from the other side 
 of the river, at what time the Indians there 
 With a running fire were receiving the gene- 
 ral. Yesterday a Bullet from the same quar- 
 ter struck the water within a few yards of 
 Captain Mason, as he was standing on the 
 shore, and glanced by him. 
 
 % Sabbath. We had orders to strike 
 our tents, and embark for Surrotogo, or the 
 first carrying place ; but were prevented by 
 rain, and continued in the tamp. I preached 
 from Proverbs, 14, 9. 
 
 S. Monday. Col. Schuyler's regiment 
 and some Indians embar4ied for the first car- 
 rying place ; ours about 9, in the morning fol- 
 
114 
 
 1 
 
 t 1 
 
 I !■ 
 
 
 i\ I 
 
 , 4 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 lowed them. We got to Surrotogo in good 
 lime and pitched our tents a little above it 
 on the left side, at the upper end of it, about 
 a mile from the first carrying place. 
 
 4. Tuesday. Mr. Edwards, being under 
 such indisposition of body as forbid his pro- 
 ceeding with us took his leave of us, and em- 
 barked, for Stillwater, in order to his return 
 home. Our regiment decamped, and went 
 some by water and some by land, to the first 
 carrying place, and there pitched our tents? 
 Quickly after our arrival in this place. Col. 
 Schuyler's regiment struck their tents, and 
 part of Col. Ingoldsby's came hither, viz : five 
 companies. 
 
 5. Wednesday. We decamped from the 
 first carrying place, and encamped at the se- 
 cond, having secured our provisions and am- 
 munition where we landed, viz : at the falls. 
 We took the ground to the right of Col. 
 Schuyler's regiment, pitched our tents, and 
 
 
REV. MR. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 115 
 
 transported our battoes, some on carriage! 
 and some on men's shoulders, 
 
 6. Thursday. We fetched over our stores, 
 and put our battoes into the water. Fair 
 weather after a wet night. 
 
 7. Friday. Col Schuyler's and our regi- 
 ment decamped from the second carrying 
 place, and encamped by Fort Nicholson. A 
 Jersey man belonging to Col. Schuyler's re- 
 giment, died last night. Col. Whiting came 
 into our camp at the second carrying place, 
 and went with us by water to this encamp- 
 ment. 
 
 8. Saturday. Four out of a company 
 were detached to clear the way to Wood 
 Creek ; then two men out of a company were 
 detached, to go with the five nations to Wood 
 Creek, upon advice of our scouts sent thi- 
 ther yesterday, had made some discovery of 
 the enemy being there. It is said that one 
 •f them going back to fetch his hatchet and 
 
116 
 
 miOVnfiAL OF THR 
 
 ^ :l 
 
 t !' 
 
 i! ! 
 
 knife, which be had left where ihey halted, 
 at Fort Ann, missed the same and saw the 
 tracks of Indians there.— Our scout returned 
 from Wood Creek, without making anj dis- 
 covery of the enemy. 
 
 B. Sabhath. A detachment was sent out 
 to clear the waje. I preached in the fore- 
 noon from Exodus, 23: 25 and 26; and in 
 the afternoon on Deuteronemy 5 : 32 and 33. 
 About 20 of tne Synackes offered them- 
 selves to fetch a prisoner from Canada ; but, 
 the General being absent, were not permitted 
 to go. In the evening several companies of 
 the regular troops came into the camp in this 
 
 place, and pitched their tents by the river 
 
 Cloudy weather, with some sprinkling of 
 rain. 
 
 10* Mo^iday. Lieutenant Gen. Schuyler 
 marched, with several companies of hisr^i- 
 raent and many of the five nations There 
 went also between 30 and 40 wagons, some 
 
 ' 
 
of 
 
 
 REV. MR. BUCltFNOHAM. 117 
 
 carrying battoes— about 20; the rest loaden 
 with stores. These guarded by a detach- 
 ment from the Dutch and New England 
 troops. General Nicholson came into tho 
 camp, as also the rest of the irregular forces 
 from the last carrying place. By order from 
 the General the drum beat to arms, &c. A 
 post from New England with letters to the 
 General and some other arrived here thi»^ 
 day — Cloudy, moist and rainy weather. 
 
 11. Tuesday. More wagons and trucks, 
 with men to guard ihem, and mend the roads, 
 went for Wood Creek. The General forbad 
 all communication between the Indians and 
 our camp — Four Indians belonging to Capt* 
 Shaw's company committed to our guard, 
 and laid neck-and-heels, by their GeneraPs 
 order, for trading with the Five Nations. I 
 wrote home a journal of our march and en- 
 campments to this day. In the middle of tho 
 day fair and warm weather. 
 
118 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 12. Wednesday. This daj morning the 
 camp laws were again read to our people ; 
 and oh ! that thej were duly and impartial* 
 ly executed. A scout sent out by Col. Schuy- 
 ler returned into the camp at Wood Creek, 
 excepting one, who is supposed to desert to 
 the French. We came from Canada in com- 
 pany with those Frenchmen who were de- 
 tained at Albany. He left them at the Lak6 
 Succuman. This day, as the preceeding, 
 spent in carrying over Colonel Schuyler's bat- 
 toes and stores. Several of Col. Ingoldsby'i 
 regiment tied neck-and-heels, for going intb 
 the Indians camp, contrary to the orders pub- 
 lished on the 1 1 th instant. Moderate weather ; 
 sometimes cloudy and foggy, with sprinkling 
 of small rain. 
 
 13. Thursday. A clear and warm morn- 
 ing. Col. Livingston was sent to take care 
 ^bout clearing Wood Creek. Capt. Mason, 
 with a detachment of our regiment, to carry 
 
REV. MR. BUGKINQHAM' 
 
 119 
 
 
 the Queen's and General's stores to the camp 
 above; fur which purpose about 40 of our 
 troops were employed — Fair and warm wea- 
 ther. 
 
 14. Friday. I wrote home by the post. 
 Our troops employed in carrying over Capt. 
 
 — Stores. Our Indians were sent with 
 
 G. Woodcock, fourscore Indians and six 
 Dutchmen, sent out from the camp at Wood- 
 Creek in quest of a party of the enemy, sup- 
 posed to be about twenty, whose tracks were 
 discovered about ten miles distant from the 
 camp. — Clear and moderate weather. 
 
 16. Saturday. This moining three com- 
 panies of Connecticut regiment, viz ; L. C. 
 Livingston's, Crane's and Mason's, marched 
 for Wood Creek. 
 
 IG. Sabbath. Three companies of Col. 
 Ingoldsby's regiment marched out of this 
 camp for Wood Creek. An Indian wounded 
 one of our regiment in the upper camp, with 
 
 ii 
 
 m 
 
m 
 
 JOURNAL OP THE 
 
 ih 
 
 ]:. U 
 
 1 
 
 a knife ; and supposing, as it is thought, that 
 he had mortail)^ wounded him, came down to 
 the General for a pardon-— I preached on 
 Proverbs 18. 10. 
 
 A party of our Indians, who were sent out 
 some days ago in quest of another of the ene- 
 my, happened to light upon the track of some, 
 which they followed ; and in a place where 
 they made an halt, one of them espied a piece 
 of leather lying under a bush. This proved 
 an Indian shoe, or part of one, in which he 
 found a leaded ink-case, and a piece of paper 
 giving an account of several parties, in all 
 amounting to the number of an hundred and 
 fouiscDre, nine French and the rest Indians, 
 said to be detachments from nine nations, un- 
 der the conduct of two French Officers. The 
 paper relates the number of each party, and 
 the names of those that make them, as also 
 the place to which they are assigned.— Clear 
 and warm weather. 
 
 

 REV. MR. BUCKINGHAM. 121 
 
 17. Monday. This morning three com 
 panies of Col. Ingoldsby's regiment, and tivo 
 of Connecticut, viz : Major Burr's and Capt. 
 Ward's marched towards upper camp. 
 
 /^m._Sergt. Hall of Wallingford died this 
 morning about nine o'clock. He was an old 
 man, and had been long sick, and hopefully a 
 good man—The General went for Wood 
 Creek. In the evening Sergt. Hall was bu- 
 ried ; his corpse attended to the grave by seve- 
 ral files of musketeers, and honored with a 
 triple discharge of their pieces — Fair and 
 warm weather. 
 
 18. Tuesday. This morning one Bridg- 
 man (and Ljman) of Northampton came ex- 
 press from Boston, and with several Dutch- 
 man fr©m Albany, by whom we are advised 
 that yestesday, about eight o'clock in the 
 morning, a Dutchman as he was threshing at 
 -^ about twelve miles from Albany, was 
 
 taken captive by six Indians, and carried away. 
 
 11 
 
122 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 IHI 
 
 They pssed by two girls, who were surprised 
 by that actiou and told them they would do 
 their father no hurt, and he should come to 
 them again by and by. 
 
 An hundred Indians and ten christians were 
 sent from the upper camp to Crown Point, 
 where some think the French have taken the 
 ground before us. Several Indians were seen 
 to pass by our camp through the woods, with 
 their arms and packs, supposed to be on their 
 return home ; and yesterday 20 or more were 
 met on the road, going towards Albany. A 
 party sent out, if possible, to intercept the ene- 
 my that took the Dutchman yesterday. 
 
 Another parcel of our battoes carried over to 
 the head of the creek our horses, came, and 
 returned thither with stores. 
 
 a Wednesday. Mr. Sharp, Chaplain to 
 the regular troops, as it is reported this morn- 
 ing, went off privately last night in a bark ca- 
 poe, attended by an Indian, in order to return 
 
REV. MR. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 123 
 
 home. This report proves too true: he is 
 really gone. ***** 
 
 This day I wrote home to my wife and Mr. 
 Woodbridge, and also received letters from 
 them, by which I was informed of the death of 
 Ensign Bunce, and my Indian girl, and of the 
 sickness among our people at home. At the 
 same time an express arrived in this camp, 
 
 with the very melancholy news of the misfor- 
 tune befallen our fleet and forces generally 
 - — ^— to Canada. The report gots, that 
 they lost eight transports by a storm in the ri- 
 ver, and eight hundred and fourscore men ; 
 and the rest so broken and shattered, as it is 
 conclude . they can't proceed in the expedition. 
 An awful frown on New England in particu- 
 lar, and the poor captives in the hand of our 
 anti-christian and pagan enemies. Oh, what 
 will those say ; how will they triumph and blas- 
 pheme, reproach and deride ! But God go- 
 verns. 
 
 I 
 
 
II 
 
 124 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 : 
 
 H ^ I 
 
 Ui 
 
 20. Thursday. This sad tidings was con- 
 firmed by another express from Boston, who 
 came into the oarap last night* Our general 
 officers, by orders from the General, are gone 
 for Wood Creek, I suppose, to hold a council 
 upon it. Orders came do 'n this morning to 
 stop those that were marching thither; and 
 doubtless our expedition is at au end for this 
 time. 
 
 Capt. Shaw, missing two of his Indians that 
 
 came from the upper camp yesterday, fears that 
 they are lost or taken : the last more probable. 
 Upon the receipt of my wife's letter, I wrote 
 another this morning, which goes with the rest 
 from hence, viz. by Bridgman of Northampton. 
 Two red coats that were left at the second car- 
 rying-place, to guard some stores left there by 
 the wagoners, were m >sing this morning by 
 those that went to fetch up the stores. 'I'he 
 drink-beer and rum was most of it gone, and no 
 sign of the men. It is to he feiued they are 
 killed ar captived. ,,^,,^^. 
 
 « 
 

 REV, MR. BUCKINOJHAM. 
 
 125 
 
 21. Friday. Orders came down this 
 morning from the upper camp, to put our bat- 
 toes into the water again, and send up the 
 troops with all hasten which, with the horse- 
 men last from Albany, are going with all 
 speed. A melancholy thing thus to be turned 
 
 back— but God is riejhteous in all his ways. 
 
 22. Lieutenant Bancroft, with 20 men of 
 our regiment, in ten of our battoes, fell away 
 from hence to the great carrying place ; as al- 
 so did a Captain and company of the regular 
 troops 
 
 About forty of our battoes were brought 
 
 hack from the head of Wood Creek. — A 
 
 post came in from Albany with letters from 
 
 York, advising that two ships were arrived at 
 
 that place from Great Britain ; although that 
 
 Commodore Little, in a cruise off Carthagena, 
 
 took a galooii and Vice Admiral of the fleet they 
 
 were convoying, who carried 60 brass guns, 
 
 and had on board, besides its own, tfie loading, 
 
 IP 
 
 « 
 
< i 
 
 ! ! 
 
 126 
 
 '1 
 
 i^ 
 
 .i 
 
 H- i 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 of a galoon condemned as unfit to put toseav 
 
 «■ * * * * 
 
 25. Sabbath. I preached on Leviticus 1.9^^ 
 17. — More battoes and stores brought down 
 from above. 
 
 24. Monday. Lieut. Mills, with 20 men, 
 went down in ten loaden boats to the second' 
 carrying place, as did also a captain's company 
 ofthe other regiment. More battoes from the 
 head of Wood Creek. The General and Co- 
 lonel Schuyler, with the remainder of ihr 
 troops, battoes and stores, came in from the up- 
 per camp, excepting Lieut. Colonel Livingr 
 stone, Major Burr, Capt. Ward and Capt. M^ih 
 son, and their companies, kc, 
 
 25. Tuesday. Col. Livingstone, Major 
 liurr, and Captains Ward and Mason, with the 
 rest of their troops, battoes and stores, camo- 
 down from the upper camp. Col. Whitingj- 
 Col Livingstone's company and Capt. Crane's 
 decamped from Fort Nicholson, and came tm/ 
 
REV. MR. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 127 
 
 the second carrying place. Col. Whiting's 
 company encamped where th^y landed, [26th] 
 ■ " but decamped for the second carrying 
 place ; as did also Capt. Dirron, Capt. Crane^ 
 and Lieut. Col. Livingstone's company. Part 
 of our own Colonel's Company got to Stillwa- 
 ter [27th] in the night ; the rest came in this 
 morning, where we found the three companies 
 above named, and several companies of the oth- 
 er regiments. Last night died one of our mi- 
 litia-men belonging to Farmingtown, 
 
 28. Friday. Lieut. Col. Livingston, Cap- 
 tain Craney Capt. Mason, with the most of their 
 companies, decamped from Stillwater, and 
 went down in their battoes to Van Schaick's 
 ground, where they encamped, as did also 
 some companies of the other regiments. ' 
 
 29. Saturday. The rest of our troopsr 
 excepting a detachment under the command 
 of Capt. Schuyler, were left ro guard the re- 
 mainder of our stores* We marched dovv. to* 
 
 ■gi 
 
 *, 
 
128 
 
 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 I ( 
 
 I 
 
 'I 
 
 Van Schaick's, from whence Lieut, Col. Li- 
 vingstone and the rest that came thither be- 
 fore us, were moved a little before our arrival, 
 for Albany. 
 
 '30. Sabbath- Last night Leander, an In- 
 dian that lived vi^ith Col. Whiting, died. In 
 the morning eight battoes were sent down to 
 AIl)any. I came in one of them to Grern. 
 Bush. In the evening Col. Whiting and thcf 
 rest of his company came down to Albany* 
 
 October 1. Monday. The rest of our re- 
 giment came into the camp below Albany. 
 
 2. Tuesday. This and the preceding 
 ^ day taken up chiefly in carrying up our bat- 
 toes into the pasture below the fort. 
 
 4. Wednesday. In the old camp. Little 
 business. 
 
 4. Thursday. A general muster and re- 
 view in the morning ; the afternoon spent in 
 shooting, running, wrestling for a guinea, 
 the General gave to each regiment. In shoot 
 
REV. MR. BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 129 
 
 ing and runL.ng Capt. Cranes men bore away 
 the prize. — Governor Saltonshall came to Al- 
 bany. * * * 
 
 5* In the old camp at Albany. 
 
 6. Saturday. Major Burr, with the troops 
 belonging to New Haven and Fairfield coun- 
 ty marched from Green Bush on their return 
 
 home. 
 
 7. Sabbath. The rest of our regiments, 
 under the conduct of Capt. Mason, with whom 
 I march, decamped from Green Bush and 
 went to Kenderhook — 29 miles. 
 
 8- Monday. We marched about 22 miles, 
 and encamped about 4 or 6 from Houseton- | 
 sack river. 
 
 9» Tuesday. We proceeded about 16 
 miles east of that river ; 23 miles* 
 
 10. Wednesday. We got into Westfield 
 
 at one or two. 
 
 11. Thursday. We halted at Westfield- 
 
 12. Friday. I returned to my family* 
 
 I