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Les cartes planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de r6duction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Stre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants iilustrent la mdthode. 22X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 o^ EN ONE HUNDRED LESSONS l.V- ENGLISH COMPOSITION -BV- W. H. HUSTON, M.A. FIRST ENGLISH MASTER, COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE, TORONTO. / -:o:- TORONTO : Grip Printing and Publishing Company. 1889. PE I HIS Entered accordinjf to the Act of the Parliament of Canada in the Office of the Minister of Agriculture by the Grip Priniixo and Plblisuino Compant, Toronto, in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety. PRBRACiC he Office of the IPANT, Toronto, This book is intended to hel,, teachers in their work To this c.,.d the author has inserted nothing merely because it -looked pretty and sounded well." Nearly all the exercises have been tested in an everyday flesh-and-blood class. Those that have not been so tried are similar to others that have. The book is graded, and is arranged in such a way that four consecutive exercises will form an ordinary school lesson. Care has been taken to give opportunity for oral work in every lesson The writer is of opinion that in our schools too n.uch time is given to written and too little to spoken composition. In every- day life the tongue is much more used than the^^e,.. Since Composition deals with the expression of thought, the Composition class is of necessity the place to develop the thinking faculties. The trouble with our boys and girls is rather inability to observe, arrange, compare, and deduce, than to express In' -ore senses than one it .s true that out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh. The exercises in this book will it is beheved, aid the teacher to open the eyes and ears of his pupils Some few of these exercises are not original. These it was -tended to credit to their proper source. This was, however fern,, i,„p„,,i,„„ Hoon,.,e„f the „„„,„,„„ „„„,,,„„, byv„„„„, writer,, w,.„ „„,„ ,„,„,. ^^, ' "'»"'«' -took „, exere.0. n.„„ inberitauee „t the ,,,. a,.., tw tore common projiorty. The hook is intended for usp in i>,.) r o , , use in 1 ubhc Schools and in the ::7: ""r; ^ "«■■ «""-'»■ «'--> ^ ..rove aoee,.a„„ """' """ "'""'■" "'— " ™-"»««."™» pen,,!., the authJ may at some future time nrepare ■, • ,m /... „. . ^. , ^ '^'^'' '^ '^'"^'^'»f ^'-"'-k suitable for High Schools and the junior years of our Universities. Toronto, Dec. j888. of material lie accumu- aiid tb«re- »"(! in the acceptably tlio author iitable for s. E JMUNDRDD icDSSONS Ifi iOMPOSITIOJM. ^' """ wt''""^'''''"'r"''^"" sentence o/,o«.o«... larmer, longing, goo,], arnung. go,de„, f^ith^ry, J^vely, di,„pled, ho.ne, so'-ry^ whenever, hanged, creatures, quick, j^^^^^ 2. Frrte/rom memory one stanza o/^oe^-^. 3. Write the names o/_ three express companies, two railroads, three hotels, three colleges, four books, three newspapers. J. Use each of the following .orcls in the statement of son^e T'^^' ^^"'•' «i^. five twice, fourth, ,i^^^^ g^^^;_ 5* Mention m ort^er ihtt thiniTfi nae»y4 .■ *«»« to rte „i<„, ^„_ '°*^* P*^"' •» <■»"»"? /">". your s:^' rr/' -i'-^' s» singing, washing ENGLISH COMPOSITION. "" "^'C'-. a snake, an ocean voyage, a dross, a procession, a watch, anacci.Jent, a holiday, » ^»""«'-' a sunset. 8. Write sentences shotmng the correct u-'s name, and telling tchat the various persons spoken of are described as doing '4 I (be the things if express your ENGLISH COMPOSITION. following ad- circumstance and tell why :apital let- stinction be- and an ox ; of, telling id out, and » of petro- 'iut a game d as rela- te^//, men- e various 20. 21. Copy neatly the follmvinrj stanza: "The curfew tolls the knell of parting da^, The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea, The ploughman homeward plods his wearv way And leaves the world to darkness and to me." Write a letter to a friend describing your school. 22. Addressing your teacher tell what you consider tha rnost^nu>ortantthin, tojindout, in building a hoie, ZlZn^l horse, m soimng afield, in going on a pleasure excursion. ge^Ll "2!! "" "^^'^'•*^^«"^«"* /- « -'^-'-« as assistant in a 2& Inform your fellow pupils where and how you spent your last vacation mentioning place, time and companiZs ^ 27. Make the following sentences applicable to males • The infanta found that her aunt was an unjust testatrix. S.gnora Gavazzi will lecture this evening Lady Lyons visited the Cz- a at St, Petersbur.^ and the Sultana at Constantinople ° The Landgravine appeared dressed in blue a^witfh!"'^^ '' ^^'"""^' '" "^^ ''^^ ^^ ^•^•"'^'^' ^''«" «^"«d The ewe-la,ub was caught in the paws of the tigress. The e.npre-s was the arbitress of Europe "I'm killed, .u;ulam,"the girl replied The sailors stated that they had seen a mermaid. th^^iyp ^^T ''''"' '''' "^""^^ "^ fi'' ^'"""^-^ '««^''^ of wood; name the different parts and point out the use of each mrt. JL 'Si;''"''""' 'T''''''' ''' p^"'-^^ '^ ^^-- -ords Tempi rTa 'h^""-T ^''■^'' """''' ^^°'^"'"y' ^^^""■^- ^"i^'l't- lemplai, man, lauy, aide-de-camp, caiman, Norman, Welsb:^an 8 ENGLrsir COMPOSITION, 30. Name/., hard thiuys, ask of rohat ea^h is made, thm change exercises ami answer the f/ueshous. an^: //^T*" "', ''*' '^"'' '"" '^''^' "'"' ^"^ ''Oi bee7i named, ana tell where they are. 32. Write a question abovi the rveather, about last recess- IT' •'7"';^''*««'"f-' ^n^each;apenc,l; the m,ulo,cs; the vacat'on; stand up amUnsv^^T the question that is m your aeat-mates slate. ^ 33. Fill in the blanks wUh roords that xoill make sense • I lie girls praying. Papa ... me a doll. . DiclJohn .... his slate? Tl.e cinof parts of a chair .... the back, the legs, and the seat. Ane . . . . of a kmfo is made of steel. The schoolroom windows and doors ^ '^',;/ '^'^'^^ ••••> '^ brown a white . '. . . , and a 34. Write out the names o/; five things good to eat; six things to p ay with ; si.v musical instruments ; four materials u CHl in bui ding a house : and make a statement and ask a question about each. w^Th.'^'^T, *^!,*"°"°;^»"g "' '"^'^^^ « ^oay that only three periods wxll be needed. My father fell. My father broke his le^ The servant ran for the doctor. He was out. He came, however in an hour. He set the broken leg. ' "'''^^''^'^' (^^i^ ^^^"^^ f the folloiv- anary named ly by combin- t prize. is well-bred. aked. )0 destroyed rnt leather; ' ; a parsnip ; e touch of: ; a piece of )le ; a lead- 3hn is a boy. [lother. He He is good ; a wagon ; lock ; tluiii- lool-yard at I I 66. Reiurite changing the possessive to the objective with ''of:" The ladies' part of the entertainment was good. Helen and Susan's large dictionary was burned. William's, Thomas's and Frank's employer are kind. The Bishop of London's palace was destroyed. The Messrs. Brown's books are well printed. When he saw the Vicar of Wakefield's house, his face flushed witli joy. Mr. and Mrs. Gibson's beautiful house was destroyed. 67. Write out a statement of what you did last evening. 68. Name the various rooms in a house and tell ivhat is the use of each. 69. Name ten articles of food mentioning where they are produced. 70. Name Jive garden products describing the size, color and shape of each. 71. Correct any errors i>i: The mens' hats were stolen. Those boys broke Miss Smiths' window. The Prince's of Spain pony. The Countess of Pembrokes' castle. The son's-iii-law wagon was drawn by the fathcr-in-laws' horses. The servants found their master's the Duke's mastiff in the garden. 72. Change the italicized words into the possessive form : The jilaces of the two sick servants were supplied by the daugh- ters of our neighbors. The prosperity of Great Britain and Ireland is assured. The pony of my brother and sister ran away. Forgetting myself I left behind the boots of the mo.n and of the tvomnn. Garments /or ladies and gentlemen made here. The history of a year or two will prove that I am correct. I have the coat of John or William. For the sake of conscience and the good of humanity live a noble life. The prospects of the country for peace are uncertain. We saw the keys of the president of the college. .10 14 ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 73. Describe: a railway collision; a fall from a scaffold- a procession on Dominion day; a fire; the capture of a bird- a spellLag match ; a game of base ball 74. Enumerate the parts, stating their uses, of : a fence ; a lamp ; a knife ; a geranium plant ; a horse's leg ; a bird's wing ; the ear ; a stove ; a tree ; a lion . 75. Use your five senses and describe : ' a slate pencil ; a lemon ; a bell ; a rubber ball ; a nail ; a coin ; a book. 76. Point out in what resj^ects the following pairs of things are alike : a pen, a pencil ; gold, silver ; an apple, nn orange ; ink, water ; horses, c&ws; a plough, a spade ; a wagon, a buggy. 77. Write sentences containing the following groups of icords : the, tliee ; hear, here ; to, two, too ; their, there ; adds, adze ; hire, higher ; so, sow ; flue, flew ; nay, neigh ; sea, see. 78. Pluce before you a piece of coal, a piece of glass, a piece of i»aper, or a piece of india-rubber ; test it with all your senses ; experiment on it in any icay, and describe the result. 79. Enumerate the points of difference between : a lion and a tiger ; a goose and a duck ; a turkey and a hen ; coal and wood ; iron and lead. 80. Name ten cities ; tell where they are, and for what they are noted. 81. Wiite a question containing : know and no ; new and knew ; mead and meed ; loan and lone ; fair and fare ; hair and hare ; him and hymn ; led and lead. 82. Punctuate : John Bunyan the Bedford tinker wrote the Pilgrim's Progress The Hon \Vm McMaster a Dominion Senator died yesterday U S Grant the great general and statesman travelled around the world He was an admirer of Edmund Burke the opponent of the French revolution Victoria by the grace of God Queen of England ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 15 a scaffold ; a of a bird ; a of : a fence ; I bird's wing ; te pencil ; a k. lirs of things ", an orange ; •on, a buggy. ps of icords : adds, adze ; ee. ^lass, a piece our senses ; U. : a lion and I ; coal and id for what ' ; new and B ; hair and ii's Progress yesterday lied around aent of the 83. Name as many kinds of building as you can, tell their use, ayid mention th xnaterials used in their construction. 84. Write sentences similar to those in 82, using the ex- pressions : the America'' philosopher ; the father of his country ; the mother of nations ; a great inventor ; the friend of kings ; a mighty cataract ; the leader of a people. 85. Write a composition on the camel telling where it lives ; what it eats ; any pecidiarities of its shape, and for what it is used. 86. Describe what happens lohen you put (1) sugar into a cup of tea ; (2) a match near a lamp ; (3) a piece of iron into water ; (4) a hot pokor into a pail of snow ; (5) a brick into the fire ; (6) an apple on a hot stove. 87. J^ook ca/refully at the map of North America, put away the map and then answer thefollcnving questions : Which is farther south Florida or lower California ? Which is farther north Labrador or Manitoba ? Which is farther west Lake Ontario or James Bay ? Which is farther south the mouth of the Missouri or that of the Ohio ? Which is farther east Boston or Halifax ; St. Louis or Chicago ; Cleveland or Cincinnati ; New Orleans or Toronto ? 88. An-ange so as to make sense : The the his with strong struck anvil hammer blacksmith. Of perished man of many want a food. To eat and drink instead of living do as many drink and eat we should to live in order. Beings best of God tlu kindest is and. Sorrows the poor i)ity sufferings of the and. 89. Make interrogative sentences containing nouns ^ire- ceded by the following adjectives: happy, little, wrong, easy, gold, true, white, fierce, round, square, learned, green. 90. Wiitefve sentences each telling that something you saw yesterday is of a certain shape. 16 ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 91. Fill in the blanks so as to make sense : .... boys sliould keep quiet brave man died fighting. .... friend is a good possession. Tiie .... bell is ringing. I saw a . . . . teamster whipping liis horse skies and .... winds exist in summer. We saw a . . . . girl carrying a . . . . doll. lie was eating a hard .... ai)p]e. Wasliington was a general. Did you hear of the death of her brother? 92. Write a note to your seat-mate telling (he color of ten articles you see. 93. Rewrite these sentences on the model, '■'■John is happy. "= '■^John is happier than /." The two horses are fat. They met two .agreeable teachers. I saw an old man walking along the road. In prison a person can do little good. The farmer uses much grain for seed. John is late this morning. He is a virtuous, honest man. The apples arc sweet and the oranges luscious. She is far from the land. 94. Write sentences contominj/ ; bear, bare ; right, write ; seam, seem; site, sight; read, reed; might, mite; awl, all; gate, gait ; ail, .ale. 95. Write questions containing ivords having the opposite meaning to : virtue ; cold ; sweetness ; love ; patience ; laziness ; transparency ; heaviness ; peace ; wickedness. 96. Fill in the blanks so as to niake sense ; John is ... . than either of his brothers. Wliieh is the .... you or I ? Mary is the .... of the three girls. She is the .... of the gay. Soult was called the .... of the brave. She has .... apples than her brothers because she has lost most of hers. There is ... . hope of your success for you have acted .... unkindly than I. The .... of the selfish. I 97. State that each of the fottounng is of a certain shape • a cane ; your reading-book ; a blackboard ; a watch ; a pen ; a ball ; a plank ; a sheet of paper ; an orange ; an icicle. died fighting. 1 ringing. I cios and .... rying a . . . . liington was a I her brotlier? color of ten I is happi/."=z teachers. I I a person can ed. John is The apples u the land. right, write ; ,e ; awl, all ; tJie opposite Lce ; laziness ; luse she has e acted .... ■n shape • a ; a pen ; a ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 17 le. 98. Make statements containinrj thefoUorcing words : laid ; lay ; has set ; sat; writes; spell; lays; lain; taught; knew; escapes. 99 Combine, imying attention to the punctuation, the follow- ing: The man lias a hard hat. The man has a black hat. The man has a brown overcoat. The man has a heavy overcoat. The boy is a good student. Tlie boy is a diligent student. The boy is a hard worker. The boy is an eainost worker. — The Kiagara Falls are immense. The Niagara Falls are beautiful. Tiie Xi.igara Fails are a wonderful sight. The Niagara Falls are an awe-inspiring siglit. 100. Describe the taste of: an apple ; a piece of bread ; a cup of tea; a clove ; a hunch of grai)es ; some vinegar; an orange ; a walnut ; a candy. 101. Change the italicized words to the superlative, making any other alterations that may be necessary: He is a ?tv7^.vlad. She is a coy, young girl. The boy was imlite. The president chosen is an able man. Obsequious men are not always good. The patient is ill to-day. The ])eculiar, yellowish tint of the sky is remarkable. The tohite dog killed the little kitten, 102. Examine each of the following with your eyes alone and then write ovt what you have learned : a Ijook ; a watch ; the floor ; a sheet of paper ; a stove } a knife ; a bench ; the wall. 103. Thin^ of each of the following, describe it, and tell whence it is obtained, asking your teacher any qncstion you may think necessary : apiece of tin; a j.iece of bread; a coat ; salt ; pejjper ; wool ; a diamond ; a piece of coal ; a glass of water. 104. Write sentences rising these tcords as adjectices quali- fying two nouns : brick ; silver; sick ; gold ; linen ; tin ; feather; stone ; marble ; cement.. 105. Make a statement expressing a quality, about each of the following ; as "The ring is round " : ring; horse ; door ; floor ; coat; church; jiaper; furnace; steamboat; Indian. 18 ENGLIS Yl UOMPOS-rrfOS. 106. Change thf cardinal numbers to ordinal makimj nwj other necessary alteration : He is ono boy. Twenty-one is a lucky number. Tliirtccn boys rumeinberecl the circumstance but forty-eight forgot it. One hundred girls forgot the exercise but ninety brought it. *' Never say die," exclaimed the three men. One and thirty days from now. Fifty and one years from to-day will be seen strange events. A thousand dollars will be needed. 107. Write ?n the blanks, "a" or "o??" os may be proper; .... historical event united empire editor apple little acorn useful article hereditary monarchy usurious Jew h irmonious meeting. .... hysterical woman. 108. Write questions containing nouns formed from : white ; sad; just; small; free; frail; true; high; long; destitute; poor ; difficult ; friendly ; youthful. 109. Think of each of the foUoicing, describe it, tell something about its manufacture, and name its uses, asking your teacher any necessary questions : a nail ; a plow ; a pin ; a pen ; a pencil ; ink ; paper ; thread ; a blanket ; a spoon. 1 ; * 1 t !/ S r s r 1 t F f 110. Improve by changing the order: He struck on the head the boy. She had a gold lovely watch. He threw at the dog a stone. We have in the new book some pictures. We saw a little dear boy. My father is building a brick large house. I feel in my hand and arms a pain. She had a sweet beautiful face. 111. Combine into a single sentence : John is taller than Henry. John is stronger than Henry. — A man may be selfish. A man may be very cruel. — Shall a friend prove false? Shall a friend prove untrue i* — Bring a new copy-book. Bring a clean copy- book. — Mary is healthy-looking. Mary is delicate. — The man was stern in his appearance. The man was very kind. — The ele- phant is heavy. The elephant is clumsy. makinr/ nivj it forty-eight y brought it. range events. / be proper; 'ditor , . hereditary- US meeting. Vo?)i ; white ; ' ; destitute ; ell something your teacher jn ; a pencil ; on the head at the dog a We saw a lOuse. I feel tiful face. ? than Henry, fish. A man hall a friend 1 clean copy- e. — The man id.— The ele- ENOLISII COMPOSITIOIT. 19 112. Make statements in answer to the following questions : Where is your school-house ? Wiiat is your school called ? How many scholars attend? How many teachers are there? At -.vliat lime do you have recess? How long is it since the last vacation ? 113. What Provinces touch that tn vhich you live f Tell some- thing about their size, Shape, soil, climate, manufactures aud schools. 114. Split up into short sentences: The boy was strong, rough, and noisy. Queen Victoria is quiet, gentle, and unas- suming. The two poor, broken-down Jiorses fell upon tlie pave- ment. This old, torn, dirly dictionary is not mine. He was helping the poor little thing on her way. She remembered that the worthy, the good, and the true, are always loved. 115. Fill in the blanks so as to make sense : The tower is ... . Those mountains are .... My fatiier is ... . Napoleon was .... That boy will become .... That merchant has been .... It will turn .... Your apples were ... No boy is ... . 116. Write commands containing these tvonls in the possessive case .• teacher ; elephants; lady; mi:iister; crow; father; carpenters; girls; babies; aldermen. 117. Name ten occupations of j)eople and tell something about their work. Name ten kinds 0/ birds telling for luhat each is noted. Name ten cities telling where they are. Name ten rivers telling into what bodies of water they flow. 118. Describe what happens when you strike with a hammer : a piece of coal ; a piece of glass ; a piece of lead ; a piece of bread ; an egg ; a book ; a piece of rubber ; a piece of wood. 119. Write out carefully any conversation ijou have lately taken part in. 120. Write three declarative, three interrogative, ttvo ex- clamative, and two imperative sentences containing the folloiving : of the man ; of Charles ; of a tiger ; of your sister ; of my father- in-law ; of the Bishop of Rhode Island ' Mr. W. W-^ki^son ; of the lady. 20 ENGLISH COMPOSITION 121. Write questions containitir/ ndjectives, used as the name oj hthabitants, fornwd from the fulloidmi : America; Eiigliiiul ; France ; Turkey ; Bulgaria ; Boston ; Buffalo ; Detroit ; New York ; Kentucky ; Virginia ; Iowa ; Missouri ; India ; Mexico ; Canada ; Rhode Island ; Vermont ; New England. 122. Use "has" in a statement about a man, a hat, a fairy. Use '•'are'" in a question about two hoys, tlie stars. Use '■''have" in a command to a school friend ; i/our sister. Use "is" in «h exclamation about the rain, the moon. 123. Write a composition on "My Pets" ansn-crinri these questions: How many pets have you? Wliere did you get tlieiii? Are they ])retty.'' What do you feed them.'' Do tliey givi you much trouble.' Do your parents like you to have them.' Do you ever trade them off.'' Which do you like best of all.' 124. Use eight adjectives to describe each of the followiurj : the ocean ; an eagle ; a coal-stove ; a glass of water ; the Presi- dent of the United States. 125. Write three sentences about a pane of r/lass ^isiutj the icords "n ,ve them .' Do yuu of all } 1 of the foUowhifi: water ; tlie Presi- ^ nf f/lass nshif/ the luj the loonls '• ill,'' 3 folloioing articles, pen-knife ; a lead- ed you the folloioing ire you.^ In what )s ? What do most he Governor of the i^our own words, hunt, and had killed ould choose first. " 1 the tiger; " Who are vho you are," replied lat is to have the first choice." "What do vou snv.'" roared tiie linn; "If vou wish for a battle I am readv." At once the}' (lew to battle and fought till the sun went down. By that time, they were quite tired out, and so terribly wounded that neitlidr could attack the other. While thev l.ny helplessly on the ground up crept the fox and the wolf and dragged the stag away. 129. Write sentences containing the following expanded : I'm, doesn't, can't, they'll, ho'll, he's, I'll, isn't you're. 130. What adjectives mu >/oh use i it, describing: the snow ; the stars; the clouds ; a tree ; the sunshine.' 131. Substitute the proper words f>r those italicized in: We liad an awful lesson. She is a dreadful girl. The boys had a horrid day for their excursion. What a sweet rib- bon ! She had the darlingest little pony. He gare himself away. He got up on his ear. I did not think you would go hack on me. The view was delicious. 132. Fill in the blanks icith suitable words : My brother has .... money than you. Did you say that the patient is ... . better.? Are you the .... of the two boys.' He never stated that I was .... than James. Honey is ... . than milk. Lead is ... . than iron. Is he the .... of the three.' Go home, and study .... than you have yet studied. He is one of the .... of speakers. He is the ... . of witty men. 133. Name three Jiotvers you find in Spring, three Suminer flowers, three Autumn, and three that bloom in Winter. Tell some- thing about the size of the plant, and the shape, color and odor of the flower. 134. Ask questions using these ivords : lie ; saw ; strike ; hated ; expects ; eloped ; wounded ; regret ; wound ; foundered ; departed ; receive ; habituated. 135. Make these sentences ask questions : The birds sing sweetly in the tree. No other boy has been here. 'Tis danger- ous to skate on the brittle ice. " Forgive your enemies" is the saying of a great man. She does not look happy. The patriots fouglit bravely fur their country. The slaves were not released without war. My dog Sancho is a good watch-dog. The ladies' books were very beautiful. The preacher's words rang in the young man's ears. 22 Exnusn COMPOSITION. 136. Two poats met on «' inrrow bridcje. It was only :i pinnk, and Wneatli it roaictl a rapid ton it. One goat was biaclc, the otiier was .*hite. The black goat said to the white, " I nm in n hurrjr, make way lor me"; but tlie white goat answered, " Are yow in a hurry? So am I. Make way for me." So the lilack goat, which was the strongei of the two, pushed his enemy over tlie liridge ; but the horns of the wliite goat had been entangled in the l)lack goat's horns, so he was dragged over also, and both goats were drowned. Rend mrefulhj the 8tnry printed above and answer omlhj : Wlurc (lid these goats meet.' What was the color of the go.'its.* Wliich goat spoke first } What did he say ? What did the otlier goat do.' Which goat pushed the other off.' Why did both go.its fall ? 137. Write in your own words the story of the fu:o goats, heading it ivith a pro^i)er title. 138. Ask whether each of the following has a certain quality : stove ; mother ; soldier ; brick ; shutter ; plate ; clock ; mucilage ; photograph ; lamp. 139. Write out an imaginary conversation between a fore- man and a ivorkman caught idling, 140. Ask questions containing the comparative of the oppo- site of: lovely ; uncommon ; fierce ; much ; cruel ; impolite ; generous ; difficult ; disgusting ; honest. 141. Describe some minister, laioyer, farmer, merchant, with respect to name, residence, stature, complexion, age and charncter. 142. Name as many points of difference oo //ixi can between : a dog and a cat ; a lion and a giraffe ; a carrot and a turnip ; a boot and a shoe ; a stove and a furnace ; iron and tin. 143. Write sentences stating ■when something was done to: ii. .;;.»:. ; ih^ fence; the school-bell; a stone; snow; holidays; K 1; v,i , > ; Lake Ontario ; a horse ; a steam-engine. 14^1. Write commands containing adjectives inenning the op- posite to : sour ; ugly ; tall ; thick ; heavy ; sad ; neat ; precious ; right ; meek. 8 only a pinnk, nnd lack, the other was n hurry, make wajr a hurry? So am I. stron<»oi of the two, the >vhite goat had dragged over also, answer omlh/ : ->\()T of tlie go;its? ''hfitdid tlio other Why dill both of the fivo goats, a certain quality : clock ; mucilatye ; in between a fore- ive of the oppo- cruc'l ; impolite ; iv. merchant, idth ! and character. I you can heliceen : and a tiirni]) ; a id tin. ling teas done to: snow ; holidays ; jine. ine.nnin'j the op- ; neat ; precious ; I ENfiUSH COM I OSJTIOX. 23 145. Write sentences containing adjectim'n formed from the, following irords: wood; truth; heed; brown; wrath ; oak ; self ; sight ; nien-y ; penny ; licauty. 146. Expand so auto crpreas the meaning aoetiratehj : a sljoop- nheuriiig; a walking-stick: a hrew-hoiiso ; garden-fruit; an hotel- waitfM ; a steam-plough ; a iiorse-soldier ; the custoiu-housi' ; a ])rinliMg-ortici' ; a night-cap; a gas-fitter; a telcgraph-ojjerator ; a jail-bird. 147. Read the following story carefully, then after telling it orally, ivrite it out in your oton words giving it a suitable title : All idle young chicken, watching some ducklings in a round pond de- termined to swim like them. In vain her mother warned her sjie would be drowned. "My feet," said the chicken, "are as fit for swinnning as the feet of this duckling by my side. " See, he has jumped into the pond and has swum across. VVIiy should not I swim as well as that duckling.' I should like to taste those water- cresses yonder." Saying these words, the foolish creature jumped into the water; but she soon found her dear mother's warning was true. Her struggles were useless and in a short time she slowly sank down to the bottom and died. 148. Write imperative sentences contaiiiing the superlative degree of the tcords the opposite of the folloicini/ adjectires : young ; Btraight ; diligent ; soft ; evil ; abundant ; conceited ; jjatlent ; dark ; white. 149. Expand the italicized words into j^hrases: Good men always succeed. Tivo-legged animals are called bijicds. An iron frame will be required in this case. The honest man is truly happy. Ilis mental anguish was great. A friendly feeling was noticeable. Garden flowers need care. The vwneyed men were interested in the scheme. 150. Write a composition on '■'•3Iy sports," naming those you like best, telling tvhere you jilay them, how many players are needed to make up the number, fhivh game you like best of all, ichere you learned it, and how it is played. 151. Write a composition on "■My Dog"" by answering the following questions: What is your dog's natne.'' Wlicro did vou get him ? How old is he .= What is his size .? What color is he ? What do you feed him ? Is he cross ? What tricks can he per- form .? 24 ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 152. Expand the italldzed words into phrases : William the Lion was a brave king. TF/.se men are not numerous. American i.leas are liberal. Tho j^aragrapli was intere.timj to me. The pcor woman was dirty and rag.jed. He does not like city ways. J he old oaken bucket had fallen to pieces. The gray-haired man wept bitterly. He is much interested in the Chinese customs. Ihe teacher is an intelligent person. 153. Write a note to your Cousin inviting him to come over to spend IlaUoive'en with you, and asking him to bring with him his checker-board and his ''Eobinson Crusoe." 154. Expand into complex sentences by substituting a clause for the words italicized: Quarrelsome persons are disagreeable Friendly men are rare. A brick liouse is warmer than a frame house. The successful attempts of these are alarming. Homer's Iliad is a famous book. The Mississippi, the longest river in the world, IS in America. The European nations do not understand our ways. " n (I 155. Write sentences containing: ' mine," "(V' " her," ^^them," " /ters," '^ yours}' " thee. lis. » a their," 156. Write sentences that tvill show you know the difference in meaning of a magazine and a newspaper ; a jug, a jar and a pitcher ; allude and refer ; character and reputation, balance and remamder ; upon and on ; citizen and person ; demean and bemean. 157. Ask ten questions containing a modified subject, using asmodijiers one or more of the following : wise; holy; the- a- slender; five; wooden; high; valuable; rough ; dilapidated i liearty; cold; brick; gold. 158. Tell in your own words the substance of: " O father! I hear the church-bells ring; O say, what may it be?"— •"Tis a fog-bell on a rock-bound coast." And he steered for the open sea. " O father ! I hear the sound of guns ; O say, what may it be?" — " Some ship in distress that cannot live In such an angry sea." ••* O father ! I see a gleaming light ; O say, what may it be ? " — But the father answered never a word,— A frozen corpse was he. ses : William the lerous. American ting to me. The lot like city ways, e gray-haired mem Chinese customs. im to come over to bring with him his bstituting a clause are disagreeable, mer than a frame irming. Homer's igest river in the • not understand ' "MS," " ' " thee." us," ''their," 'w the difference jug, a jar and a lutation, balance on ; demean and d subject, using I ; holy ;^ the ; a ; jh; dilapidated; ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 25 159. Tell some interesting fact abcmt : your county; your school; your last vacation; the Governor-General. 160. Write questions containing words meaning the opposite of: light; merry; many; new; clever; industrious; hard; stormy; strong; interesting. 161. Change the direct to the indirect : I say " I have done It." I said "Thou art mistaken." He said " I am weary " I say " I may go, if— ." I said "Thou canst go, if—." I said "Thou couldst go, if—." They said "He will go, if- " My petition is "Let me go." My command is "Go." I entreat "Let him go." 162. Write sentences shoioing that you know the difference between: two and a couple ; donate and give ; expect and think ; at fault and in fault ; female and woman ; flys and flies ; whether and if ; person and individual ; jewels and jewelry. 163. Expand by the insertion of a phrase: The words were few. The woods .... are green. The hat . . . .' was brought from England. The health .... failed slowly. Will the boys .... help their schoolmate? Love should be encouraged. The honesty .... won for him universal respect. Never forget the request .... Have you brought with you the ring .....? The books .... were all burned. 164. Describe some toion by mentioning its name and stating its situation, its size, its natural advantages, its railway facilities, its manufactures, and its educational advantages. 165. Imagine that you are present at the reception of the Presi- dent of the United States by your municipality; and describe ivhat might be s«j)jwsed to take i^lace. 166. Put Pronouns for the italicized Nouns in the following • Once an ass dressed an ass in the skin of a lion. On seein- t/ic ass thus disguised, all the beasts of tlie forest fled away in fe-ir think ing t/u' ass to be a lion, and fearing ike ass would devour i/,e beasts. The fox alone did not run away, but hid (he fox behind a tree to note what went on. When the ass thought the ass was alon=, the ass could not help braying with delight to see all the beasts so ter- nfied -^ttkc o-ss. On t!u5 the sly fox stepped from behind the tree and said to the ass " Now the/ox has (have) found the ass out. If Mc «.„ had only kept quiet every one would have taken the ass for a lion." 26 ENGLISH C03tP0STI0K 167. Tell the story {in 166) very briefly in your own words. 168. Change the following single statements into double {com- pound) in the most convenient tvay : The robin is singing. The boy was at home. Tlie man fell on the ice. Policemen some- times make mistak s. Five men were here this afternoon. Ships frequently strike on rocks. That merchant employed too many clerks. Many animals yearn for liberty. Friend after friend de- parts. Life is but an empty dream. 169. Describe popping corn; washing dishes; harnessing a horse; playing ball. 170. Write a note to the Secretary of a Base Ball Club chal- lenging his club to play yours the next Saturday. 171. Write a letter to a friend, telling the following story: When the fox invited the storli to dinner, he set before her a shallow dish of soup. The fox ate of it greedily for the dish suited his short nose. But the poor bird, dipping in the end of her long beak, could scarcely take up any of it. "You do not take your soup," said the fox. " I fear you do not like it." Then he bade the ser- vant bring some puddings. But when the puddings were brought, they also were all in shallow dishes, so that the poor stork could not enjoy them. So she went home hungry and angry, and the fox enjoyed his joke; but the stork punished him for it afterwards, as I shall show you another time. 172. Distinguish: John said, "James went home." "John," said James, "v.ent home, "—Woman, without her, man is a savage. Woman without her man, is a savage.— What do you think? I'll shave you for nothing and give you some drink. What ! do you think I'll shave you for nothing and give you some drink.? " My wife," cries John, " has perished." My wife cries, " Jolm has i)erished." 173. Mention nine respects in which a slate differs from a piece of paper; a stone from a brick; ink from tvater, a giraffe from a kangaroo; a canary from a ^mrrot. 174 Expand : trust-worthy, man-like, fool-hardy, heart- rending, law-abiding, moth-eaten, to back-bite, to white-wash; dye-stuff, name-sake. ENGLISH COMPOSITION. your own words. 27 its into double (com- )in is singing. The rolicenien some- is afternoon. Ships 3niployed too many iond after friend de- ishes; harnessing a 3ase Ball Club dial- | olloioing story : t before her a shallow e dish suited his short nd of lier long beak, not take your soup," hen he bade the ser- ddings were brought, the poor stork could nd angry, and the fox a for it afterwards, as It home." "John," ler, man is a savage. do you think? I'll k. What ! do you yow some drink } — wife cries, "John late differs from a om tcater, a yiraffe fool-hardy, heart- 0, to white-wash ; I 175. Write compound sentences contauiinr/ the followimj groups: mote, moat ; canon, cannon ; boy, buoy ; meat and meet ; rote and Avrote, air and ere ; place and plaice, rot and wrought ; red and read ; rite and write, tier and tear. 176. Write as many sentences as jwssible containing the Jollow- ing u-crds without using any one in the same sense twice: pole; might ; grave ; buy ; m;iy ; twilight ; grate ; slight ; count ; drill ; ])ost ; foot ; church ; peer ; lay. 177. In a letter to a very young friend tell the following story : One day, as a lion lay sleeping, a mouse ran across his nose and woke him up. The lion laid his paw on the mouse, and was about to crush him. But the mouse begged so hard for his life that tho lion let him go. Not long after, the lion was caught in a net laid by some hunters. He roared and struggled, but his struggles only fastened him more firmly in the net. Just then up came this little mouse. He went to work gnawing the ropes and in a short time set the lion free. 178. Write out briefly tivo lessons that are taught by the story of the Mouse and the Lion. 179. C/ia"(7e//w?i direct to indirect: I say "Thou must go." He said "Tiiou shall die." She said "Thou must come." I ask "Do you like it?" I asked "Is he clever.? " The question was "Is he to go } " He asked "Where is it .? " They enquired "How went the battle.?" She asked "Who is there.?" He enquired "What do you say ?" I ask " May I go .?" I asked "Would he go, if—.?" I uskcd "Canst thou go, if—?" 180. Describe any accident yon have ever seen, telling when, where, why, and how, it took place. 181. Ite(al the following story carefully and then tell it in your own words : I ''In Anna's wars, a soldier, poor and old, Hatl dearly earned a little purse of gold : 3 Tired with a tedious march, one kuklcss night He slept, poor dog! and lost it every mite. 5 This put the man in such a desperate mind Between revenge, and grief, and hunger joined, 28 ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 7 9 II 13 »S 17 »9 Against the foe, himself, and all mankind, He leaped the trenches, scaled a castle wall, Tore down a standard, took the fort and all. ■'Wrodigious well" his great Commander cried, Gave him much praise, and some reward beside, Next, pleased his Excellence a town to batter, (Its name I know not and 'tis no great matter) ; "Go on, my friend," he cried, "see yonder walls. Advance and conquer! go where glory calls! More honors, more rewards attend the brave." Don't you remember, what reply he gave? "D'ye think me, noble General, such a sot? Let him take castles who has ne'er a groat." 182. Change the sentences in lines 1-2, 3-4, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 18 into complex sentences. 183. Change the sentences in lines 9, 14, 17, 19 into simple sentences. 184. Examine carefully the meanings of the following in the extract quoted in ISl ; dearly, earned, purse of gold, tedious, mite, desperate, grief, standard, prodigious, reward, glory, remember. reply, sot, and decide whether it would be an improvement to substitute therefor: affectionately, gained, golden purse, tiresome, speck, hopeless, sorrow, flag, great, prize, fame, recollect, answer, fool. 185. Choose a s\ib]&ct for the story not containing more than three words. 186. TFriYe sentences contrasting : anger .and wrath ; ability and capacity; admittance .and admission; allow and permit; continuous and continual; bravery and lourage ; confess and acknowledge; customs and habits. 187. Combine into simjle sentences: The great city is de- stroyed. The glorious city is destroyed. The monsters lay in the water. The monsters lay on the land. We bought a fast boat. The boat was steady,. The fault will not then be mine. Tlie fault will be Fate's. She floated gracefully on the w.aves. SIio floated beautifully on the waves. He was seen in a deep bog. The bog was dangerous. N. ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 29 1, III, ill. ied, beside, tter, itter) ; • walls, lis! ive." ? ? t." J, 10, 11, 12,13,16, 17, 19 into simple the following in the ;old, tedious, mite, , glory, remember, va. improvement to len purse, tiresome, 3, recollect, answer, ntaining more than and wrath ; ability How and permit ; rage : confess and great city is de- nonsters lay in the :)ought a fast boat, m be mine. The 1 the waves. She en in a deep bog. 188. Punctuate : Where have you been IMary said Charles Have you found your hoop said Bert. — The first thing you know you'll not know anything said the newsboy.— Tlje teaelior said to Nellie in what year was the battle of Bunker Tlill fought.— Never say die was Grii)'8 motto.— Vengeance is mine I will repay said the Lord. 189. Chanr/e orally the direct /o?7ns r»/188 to the indirect. 190. Write a description of Lxkn Ontario, contain ing tivo sinijile, three comjilcx and tv:o compomul senlmres, uniitij the foUow- imj information: Smallest of the great lakes ; the most inij)ortant for commerce ; situated between tlie Province of Ontario and New York State; five hundred feet deej) ; ISO miles long ; 65 miles broad ; the Niagara River flows into it ; tlie St. Lawrence drains it ; the principal towns on the Canadian side are namilton, Toronto, Port Hope and Kingston ; on the American side Roch- ester (a few miles inland), Oswego and Sackett Harbor; it is not subject to sudden storms like Lake Erie. 191. Rewrite in your own vords: Some time ago I told you how the spiteful fox tiickeci the stork ; now I will tell you how the stork revenged herself on her cunning enemy. She w.iited till the fox had for- gotten his trick, and then she sent him an invitation to dinner. When they sat down, there were six dishes on the table, but they were so narrow •It their tops that the fox could not get his head into them. He tried each dish b-* in vain. Meantime the stork dipped in her long bill and dined very pleasantly; but the fox was silent and sullen. Presently he burst out "I do not like your dishes, Mrs. Stork." "Nordid I like your dishes, Mr. Fox." 192. Write a Composition on 7narbles or skipping, mention- ing what is needed for the game, telling ichen the season for the game begins, when it ends, the names of the different parts of the game, tvhichimrt you like best, and describing some game in ivhich you took part. 193. Give a ivord meaning : false praise, a desire to succeed, reverence of God, the time just before morning, a habit of being pleased, a habit of inactivity, the habit of doing what is right, a strong love of money, a kind feeling towards others, a love for one's fellow-men. 80 E^G L TS TI COMPOS TTION. 194. Wrilo out the names of ten public officers, tell what they do and how ihey are appointed. 195. Write sentences containing the joUowing grmips of •words: time, thyme ; vial, viol ; wait, weight ; wuiat, waste ; yoke, yolk ; wave, waive ; week, weak ; way, weigh. 196. Expand orally by supplying (1) modifiers of the subject^ (2) objects, and (3) adverbial adjuncts: teacher punishes commercial traveller sees friendship light- ens druggists put up ships sail mayor acts bricks soak boy suffers .... .... weight struck girl broke .... 197. Your sister is secretary of a literary society, write for her a letter to its President stating that owing to illness she will not be able to attend the meeting this evening. 198. Change the indefinite statements to definite, and vice versa: Have you any horses for sale? John h.is sixty marbles. The coachman saw several persons in the street. Some of the boys fell into a great error. He procured five bushels of oats. Can any one give a more decided answer.? Certain peojile tell us that the earth is flat. Various reasons were given for his faihire. Oh with what divers pains they came ! What can a man do in such circumstances ? They say that the Prince of Wales is ill. 199. Write out an imaginary conversation between a police- man and a boy who has been caught picking pockets. 200. Describe the process of sowing grain, sawing wood, hemming a handkerchief, or making bread. I 201. Wliat is the difference between a hat and a cap ; a glove and a mitt ; a spear and a knife ; a spade and a shovel ; a plant and a flower ; a bush ana a tree : a pony and a horse ; a child and an infant ; a plate and a platter ; a hill and a hillock ; joy and gladness ; lying and deceiving? LV. ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 31 fjicers^ tell what they 'oUowhg ffronps of waist, waste ; yoke, 1. lyiers of the subject^ . . teacher punishes . . friendship light- lips sail . . boy suffers .... ocieti/, write for her Iness she will not he definite, and vice has sixty marbles, eet. Some of the .■e bushels of oats. ?rt!iin people tell us iven for his failure. can a man do in e of Wales is ill. n between a police- cets. ain, sawing woody nd a cap ; a glove a shovel ; a plant horse ; a child and I hillock ; joy and 202. Fill in the blanks with suitable words : The man was here and .... house Avas burned, is in jtrison. That is the person of .... I si)oke. Where is the watch .... was in the desk.? The man and the dog .... were on board perished. do men say that I am ? ... is he married to .? ... soever crneth ui.to me I will in no wise cast out. Tlie two men glared at ... . other. The score of men present seized other's hats. If two straight lines cut other. John, James, and Henry are com- peting with .... otlier for the prize. 203. Change the following by substituting " He comes from" for "-He is" and making any other necessary alterations: He is a Torontonian. He is an Oxonian. He is a Londoner. He is aChicagoan. He is an Arizonian. He is a Missourian. He is a Roumelian. He is a Turk. He is a Hanoverian. He is a Swiss. He is a Dutchman. He is a Norman. He is a Greek. 204. Write out thirty things that men can do and that birds cannot do; andjjjleen other things that horses cannot do. 205. Describe a coat or jacket, first stating in a general imy the material and shape, and then more particularly tlie various materials andp)arts, beginning at the collar. 206. Name ten kinds of prepared vegetable food, and the con- stituents of each; and then tell how each is served at the table. 207. Name ten articles of clothing /or the head and neck, tell the use of eaxih, describe its shape, and mention the mate- xiaXfrom which it is usually made. 208. Convert the following phrases into sentences by adding a statement or question: The sun having risen. Herod having arisen. William the Conqueror having invaded England. Wil- liam Penn having crossed the Atlantic. George' III having decided to have his own way. The stove cracking suddenly! My father being unwell. The criminal becoming morose. The minister not having his hair cut for a long time. 209. Write a composition on dogs, naming the various kinds, the size, color and habits of each, and narrating any anecdote you remember of a dog's sagacity and fidelity. 32 ENGLTSII CO^fPOSITTnN^. 210. Insert proper words after the foUowiwj : a petulant, a eciisuoiis, an advonturouss, an ingenious, a crafty, a tnniultuouf , anibiguous, faithful, a genuine, an authentic, a chimerical, face- tious, a substantial, a healthy, a liealthful, an unassuming, a wretched, a miserable. 211. Suppose yoH have lost yovr hat : tell the class tohat your hat is like, token you had it last, ivhere you put it, and when you Jirst missed it. 212. Place in the blanks beloiv the proper form of these words: cry; stay; deny; fancy ; tarry ; defy; survey; delay. The j)oor girl .... pitifully. Tlu' little boy .... behind his mother. Peter .... Christ. In sickness one often .... he sees things. Lack of punctuality .... many meetings. The school boy .... his master. lie ... . in that ])laco three days. The unfortunate merchant .... his loss with sorrow. 213. Write sentences with words or phrases synonymous to : way ; strong ; true ; beautiful ; dark ; count ; remember ; choose ; delight ; send. 214. Write three interrogative, /o»r exclamative, fre de- clarative sentences, about each of the following : the sky; a ferry boat ; your slate ; the Arctic regions. 215. Write a paraphrase of the foUoieing : A lazy girl, wlio liked to live in comfort .ind do nothing, asked her fairy godmother, to give her a good genius to do everything for her. On the instant the fairy called ten dwarfs, who dressed and washed the little girl and combed her hair, and fed her and so on. All was done so nicely that she was happy except for the thought that they would go away. "To prevent that," said the godmother, "I will place them permanently in your ten pretty little fingers." And they are there yet. 216. Fill in the blanks and add an adverbial clause denoting place : Carpenters .... houses. Flies .... sugar. Farmers .... seed. Boys .... top. Cats .... mice. Horses .... hay. Sol- diers .... battles. Teachers .... lessons. Girls .... skipping. Frost .... ice. 217. Write commands containing the following ivords: pair, pear ; nay, neigh ; steak, stake ; knot, not ; course, coarse ; choir, quire ; oar, ore ; four, fore ; soar, sore ; sighed, side. n: ving : a petulant, a 'ty, a tmmiltiiouf , a cliiiTK'rical, face- an unassuming, a the dass what your t it, a)i(l tvhen you )rm nf these tvords: ; (k'lay. Tlie poor lis luothor. IV'tcr iccs tilings. Lacli lool boy .... Jiis Tlie unfortunate; synonymous to ; nicnibor ; clioose ; imative, Jire de- oiwj : tlio sliy ; a I nothing, .isked her i everything for her. dressed .ind Wiished and so on. All was le thought that they godmother, "I will ittle fingers." And al clause denoting ir. Farmers .... s . . . . liay. Sol- rls .... skipping. ving ivords; pair, se, coarse ; clioir, side. ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 33 3 3 218. Write complex sentences containing an. adjective clause, also (,n iuln'rhial clause denoting rmson, using the following aa siil>Jnl.s: wUu-; money; tlie school; the doctor ; the elephant ; tlie fairy ; your oak-tree ; a storm ; my dog Carlo ; many girls. 219. Prefix to these nmtns two appropriate adjectives: 'com- maml ; indecision ; ennllagration ; hurricane : debate, earthquake, hatred, passion, precautions, excesses. 220. Write a composition with the title, ''Shooting liapids in u Canoe," using the Jhllowing 2>oints: A pleasure few Englishmen have enjoyed, no jiicture can give an idea of it, a fascimition in the motion like j.oetry and music, excitement greater than on a steamer, nearer the seething water, canoe seems a weak thing, at beginning the stream .an inclined plane, smooth, afterwards it breaks in rolls en/inf, the fhl/ou-i,,,, >rurds as subject: sun; birds; king; cradle; winter ;"8kv; woman- carpet. * ' 233. Combine the following and add to each an adverbial cl,n,.s,' dcuotiug reason: A wise mayor was elected. An intelli.rent mayor was elected. A kind-hearted mayor was elected — The dog ran this way. The dog ran that way.-The harmless crea- ture ran away. The heli.less creature ran away. The unfortu- nate creature ran aw.ay. _ Oxygen is a gas. Oxygen is heavier than air. Oxygen is colorless. Oxygen is odorless. 234. Write a paragraph /or a newspaper beginning- "Last evening about seven o'clock two horses broke loose from a street car on King street." 235. Distinguish the meaning of: compliment, complement • capitol, capital; rose, rows; white, wight; mien, mean ; choler! collar ; perfume, perfiime ; eminent, imminent ; ring, wring. 236. Write out a synopsis ofthefdlowing story: Biijard's e.irly education w.is received under the eves of his uncle George of Terv.iil, Bishop of Grenoble. Mis //,/,;/ for knozvledire W.1S only equalled l,y ins indomitable perseverance. He never suffered anything to master hm. Once, when he was greatly fcr- flexed to find the solution off. mathematical /^«i/.;„, he shut him- self up for three d.ays in his bed-chamber, with u verv .c-«;;/v suppiv of food. On the fourth day he was found with tea.s'in his'eves b'v the good bishop, who offered to show him how the problem should be wo.-ked out. "No," said Rayard, '•! have determined to master the d.fhculty myself. I should never like mathematics again if T suffered it to master me." So he continued shut up in his chambe. for .another three d.iys, working night and day. At last the Ion- sought elucidation of the problem broke upon him all at once, clear as the d.iy. Like the great geometrician, Archimedes, he leaped up .n rc.A,.,y, and cried "Eureka! Eureka! I have found it ! I have tound ,1 : •• and with a face reflecting the joy of his heart, he rushed into the presence of the bishop. His uncle clapped him in his arms with deUght, for his joy was responded ^o by him y>\\.\x fervent and lieaity commendution. 16 ENGLISH COMPOSTTION. 237. Change each of the firm three wntenvex in 2!{(» into com- plex, the fiiitrth and fifth to compound, //"' nuih to indirect narration, trul the seventh and liyhth to complex. 238. Substitute synonymous wordHfor those italh-izcd in the crlntrt in 230, nutiny the effect. 239. nV//(' a composition demribinij the imdtjincd life ff liai/ard before and after the incident. 240. Combine into simple .wdences: Columbus was a Spnn- isli sailor. Colimil)US was tlu- admir.'il of a small fleet. Colmiihtis was a man of originality. Columltus diseovered Ainerlca.— Ben- jamin Franklin was a philosopher. Benjamin Franklin was a supporter of American riglits. IJenjamin Franklin visited Eng- Iinwl.— Victoria is (Jueen of England. Victoria is a tender-iiearted woman. Victoria is a loving mother. Victoria has reigned iifty years. 241. Expand the followinrj h>i addinij fmr 2>hrases denntin;/ time, jildce, manner, and cause : He wept. Tliey awoke. Did the minister preach.' I forgot. I saw the boy. The teacher wrote. Friendship is an advantage. A ship sailed. My fatlier bought a house. America was discovered. 242. Write compound subjects to suit the foUoin'nri ]>redirates : liave perished of cold; love summer ; are hanging on the nail; were torn ; have become famous ; merit reward ; will be elected ; are worthy of blame ; will concpier everything. 243. Fill out the blanks in: The stove feels .... My brother seems .... The boy appears .... The jdace is l)ecoming .... The orange tastes .... The garden looks .... The boy is .... The season remains .... The light grows .... The man was thought .... 244. Write out in not more than trcelve lines the story o^" The Babes in the.Wood,'^ " Bluebeard,' " Little lied ltidin(j-lloud," or " Garfield's Boyhood." 245. Compare an elephant and a tiger as to size; shape of head, leys, ears, and feet; color; food; habits. 246. Describe minidely how to build a fire, how to darn stock- inijs, hutc to make a kite, or how to dress a doll. I ENGT. IS II (jO.UPOSJTfOy. sc ildllfizi'il in the iiiiiuihK'il life (if 247. Rewrite /'/* tim imijH thn fnlhwi'ttt/ so an to mii/ just tho, 0]>{>„.sitr : I sec th.« buys. Tli(> fricn.Islii|, „f a triir Tiian'is'alwiiys a gicnt i.ossoHsioii. Tlu' lulophono is tho ^rrcatcHt iiivoiition of the age. Aunt Nellie will he liero this eveiiiiitj. Harry Hill grows very fast. The teacher gives the hoy privileges hoeauso Nile trusts him. The orator hail spoken very earnestly. Voii Hhoiil.l wait after the service at tlu; door. Charles iJiekeiis was the only great novelist living. Conic this evening. Have you carefully examined the cyeloramu yet? 248. r//*(//.7»' //(^j questions : I know tho way. We saw the shij.. He has ha. I experience. You are listening to a g<.o(l sj.eaker. The men will he here soon. .?,.l„i has had much sorrow. My f.ather has heen looking after his business. I shall then be enjoying myself. The books we purchased cost much money. Of these three the greatest is Charity. 249. Explain i n,„ the difference hchrcct : an attic and a garret; a basement and a cellar; an emperor and a king ; an act and a bill ; an .net and an .action ; a rebellion and a revolution; murder and assassination; a chimney and a tlue; a chandelier and agasolier; steps and stairs; cavalry and dragoons. 250.^ Y<»i ari' inritcd to atfend o, Htenin/ and vni.vntl cii/niain- vient (jii'oi b;i afrii'tul: write a note ci-premw/ i/our m/ret at not behnj ahl(> tu atlciid, oiri„(j to serious illness in your ftotiify. 251. //* the folloidnij change the italicized tcords in such a imy that the rhijme ivill be restored: If all our hopes ami all our apprchcusions, Were prisoned in life's narrow limit. If, travellers tiir<)iit was shutthig in about it as they approached the house. — Before the farmer came in the morning with all our traps on our shoulders we departed for the next station in the hope of catching the train. — That unquencha- ble desire, which took possession of him for strong drink, by all his friends' remonstrances, could not be broken, by his OAvn de- termination. — Given in part to prayer, as of devotional topics and excitements a variety it furnishes, this period siiould be. 255. Describe any journey you have ever made, noting espe- cially how you travelled, how long the Journey lasted, and ivhat you saw. 256. Pick out the phrases in : There was an urchin of the town Who, on his way to school, Whene'er his comrade tumbled down, Would laugh in ridicule. But when it was himself who fell, — As sometimes he did fall, — He neither bore it vevy well Nor saw the joke at all. 257. Expand the little story printed above, giving names to the two boys, describing their ai)pearance, and entering into particulars aboid the cause, manner, and result ofthefcdl of each. 258. Write compound sentences containing : quickly ; unti- dily ; eagerly ; joyously ; familiarly ; knowingly ; expectantly ; dangerously ; heavily or pitifully ; that ivill show you understand the meaning of: cask, casque ; fort, forte ; sell, cell ; you, yew ; manor, manner; council, counsel ; canon, caiiRon : wave, waive ; straight, strait. 259. («) Write subjects that will suit the following j)redicates : eat and drink ; are born, live, and die ; rises and falls ; tbught and died ; walked and ran ; will study and succeed. (b) Add as many phrases as possible to : The bird sings. Men will not believe the truth. P.iper is useful. Swallows fly quickly. No man can serve two masters. Tiie boy fell. Winter has come. Hatred is an unholy feeling. The tire burns brightly. You are a friend. Uive adjectives, in rie trees tliere was Hitting in about it ,rmer came in the 3 departed for the -That unquencha- •ong drink, by all n, by his own de- devotional topics od sliould be. made, noting eape- '.ed, and what you, living names to the nfj into 2)at'ticidars each. 7 ; quickly ; unti- gly ; expectantly ; >w you imderstand I, cell ; you, yew ; on : wave, waive ; llowing jved irates : 1 falls ; fought and : The bird sings. ul. Swallows fly boy fell. Winter ire burns brightly. ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 39 I 1 I 260. (a) Give orally seven sentences having noun clauses for subject. (b) Change orally each of the following sentences into four in- terrogative: John may go. He will come. He did not do it. The murderer must be punished. He says lie has good reasons. 261. Improve as to purity : How do you do.? Nicely. — The clerk made good the deficiency. Several marriages are on the tapis. He has gotten much wealth. He wants to clearly com- prehend the matter. Cable me as soon as you arrive. Did you catch on to his meaning? It was an act of great unwisdom. The meeting enthused over his remarks. 262. Change the verb to the corresponding perfect tense : The pretty little girl sang beautifully. That disagreeable gentle- man cut his foot. The boy laid the book on the desk. King William rose early in the morning. The executioner hangs tlie man. We came home late in the evening. I noticed a horse lying dead on the street. The boys drank the water eagerly. 263. Write sentences containing clauses meaning the same as : In the meantime, by the electric light, for the sake of i)eace, at the foot of the hill, through carelessness, at recess, among stran- gers, at the appointed time, out of jealousy, in the shadow, dur- ing school-hours, on the horizon. 264. Change orcdly the following compound sentences to complex : Jackson was a Rugby boy and wrote good Latin. The boy spoke to me and I was pleased. Fair weather pleases us and we wish to go boating. Milton was in his old age and wrote magnificent verse. The Bible has been revised and made more correct. I saw him and he stood gazing at the sky. Fever produces thirst and the physician knew it. Many men are great students and poor teachers. Comi)osition is interesting and will prove profita- ble. 265. (a) Write a composition on the sheep, describing its appearance, its habits, its uses; and tell any story that you have heard or read that is appropriate to your subject. (6) State orally your reasons for preferring summer to winter^ or vice versa. 40 ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 266. Cliange into the rhetorical {inverted) order and note the effect : The fire came nearer and nearer ; the flames surrounded me quickly but none the loss surely. The king moved faster and faster, the queen grew more and more alarmed. E'en though it bo a cross. India is the richest gem in the English crown. The valleys of Morvan are dear to my heart. Wisdom is more to be prized than gold. To submit is the best thing you can do. The man stood motionless in the door. The herb said : "From what shores do you come, O long-expected Hector?" Obedience is better than sacrifice. The bard stood on a rock that o'erlooks the foaming fiood. 267. Fill in the blanks orally : He skated .... over the river. Allen slept .... in the cradle. The fireman .... crnnbed up the ladder. The speaker .... gained the good-will of the crowd. Mary was weeping .... Struggle bravely .against your mis- fortunes. Break the glass .... Can you suggest a way to conduct the operation .....-' He looked .... hito my face. The policeman whistled .... for help. The cannon played .... upon the tower which wns battered to pieces. 268. Supply orally predicates modified by phrases to the following .subjects: Gold, Wind, Honor, Tlie darkness, To die, Running, "A house divided against itself must fall," N.B., Forgetfulness, The big dictionary, No beggar. 269. "/// m.ister it!" said the axe, and his blows fell heaviiy upon the iron; but every blow made his edge more blunt, till he ceased to strike. "Leave it to me," said the saw, and with his relentless teeth he worked backwards and forwards on its surface till they were all worn down or broken ; then he fell aside. "Ha ! Ha !" said the hammer; "I knew you wouldn't succeed. 77/ show you the way." But at his first fierce stroke, off flew his head, and the iron remained as before. "Shall / try?" asked the soft, small flame. But they all despised the flame; but he curled gently around the iron, and embraced it, and never left it till it melted under his in- fluence. There are hearts hard enough to resist the force of wrath, the malice of persecution, and the fury of pride, so as to make their acts recoil ; but there is a power stronger than any of these, and hard indeed is that heart that can resist iove. Divide the preceding extract into Jive paragraphs and ivrite in a condensed form the substance of each. 270. Make up another story that will teach the same lesson as that in 269, giving it th? title '"The Way to Conquer,'' and intro- ducing a drunken man, a stern policeman, a rough school-boy, and a gentle little girl. ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 41 order and note aines surrounded iiovc'd faster and i'en though it be isli crown. The dom is more to ing you can do. v'o said : "From or?" Obedience ili that o'erlooks . over the river. . . . climbed up all of the crowd, ainst your mis- tgest a way to . into my face, ion played .... phrases to the irkness, To die, List, fall," N.B., fell heaviiy upon unt, till he ceased with his relentless s surface till they . "Ha! Ha!" said I'll show you the head, and the iron soft, small flame, gently around the elted under his in- the force of wrath, so as to make their ■ of these, and hard IS and ivrite in a he same lesson as pier,^' and intra- h school-boy, and i 271. Combine the jhUotiumj into sentences arid divide the sentences into paragraphs : There were three butterflies once. One was white. One was red. One was yellow. They were playing in the sunsliine. The rain soon fell. The rain miuie them wet. They hastened to fly home. The house-door was shut. The key was nowhere to be found. They went to the Tulip. It was all g:n ly s'riped. It was striped in red and yellow. Tlicy said something to the Tulip. It was "Tulip open your flower a little. Will you kindly? That we may slip in. Slip in out of the rain." The Tulip said, "I will open to the red Butterfly. I will open to the yellow Butterfly. I will not open to the white Butterfly. They maycome in. It may not come in." Then the red and yellow Butterflies said something. It was: "You will not let in our white brother. We will not come in either. Thank you." Now it rained. It rained harder and liardei. They flew away. They flew to the Lily They said, "G(,od Lily." They said, "Will you kindly open your flower a little." They said, "Will you let us slip in out of the rain?" The Lily then said, "I shall be glad to let in the white one. He looks like myself. I will not let in the other two." The white Butterfly said something. It was : "If my two brothers cannot come in, I will not come in; tha.ik you." They all flew away. They flew together. The Sun had heard how the Butterflies were true to one another. He was behind the clouds. He shone out again. He shone bright. He shone clear. He dried the wings of the three Butterflies. They danced once more. They danced over the flowers. They plaved till it was night. They went home. The door was wide open. The last sunbeam had opened it. He had done it for them. They flew in. They went to bed. 272. Write predicates for the following compound subjects : Winter and sumiucr ; Boys and girls ; Ice and snow ; Running and jumping ; History and Geography ; Black and white ; The soil and the climate ; Gold and silver ; Virtue and vice ; Pens and jxMicils. 273. Correct orally by rearranging : He said he only had one left. I saw a man carrying a shovel without a nose. lie died and was buried of fever. He is merely taKng one. A watch was fouml by a man of standard gold. The man was beautifully dressed with one leg. The farmer bought a cow for liis boy with two little horns. Wanted, a room by a young man Avith a fire- place and a front window. Under this stone lie the remains of John Smith erected by .a loving wife. Wanted a child for adop- tion by an elderly lady not more than si.x years old. 42 ENGLISH COMPOSiriON. 274. Write the. description of the last {real or hmuj hied) public examination at your school. 275. ^'1 ver;/ large tree standing at a corner has just been cut doivn; imagine thtit the tree is speaking and is telling its history which you record as you hear it. 276. Make the following sentences applicable to past time : TIk'v arise to see what is the matter. Good fatliers teach their children to be wise. Honesty is the best policy. Ho cleaves tlie wood with one stroke of the axe. The unfortunate girl cleaves to lier mother. Thou lovest not thy father. Thou singest of love, knowost thou what it means? Does she s.ay that I am guilty? He strikes with all his might. If thou M'ilt thou canst make me clean. He hungs tlie flag on the nail. Tlie sheritt' hangs the tliree men. 277. Substitute a word for the italicized portion of each of the folloiving senfences : He came up with the tiii-oe men tcho at- tended to the garden. Sliakespeare was greater tlian any of the writers icho lived in the same age. Tiie wi'iting was stamped upon the towel in .svu7t a icay that it could not be rubbed out. The wind made a sighing noise amid the trees. He turned out a man in whose word no one could put any trust. He said that the stain that liad been contracted was ane that could never be removed. Si)are us the wrong that can never be expiated, the shame that can never be uttered. A man's life is but for a time, tlie inrtuence of that life \s to last for ever and ever. He was bitter towards his friends and they could not reconcile him (insert as adverb in first clause). Those tvho were listening to him shouted that they would all be present at the place appointed for the gathering of the conspirators. • 278. Expand orally the folloiving by using phrases : It is warmer .... than .... He came .... of snow and ice. The dogs are playing .... Were you present .... ? He returned .... He came yesterday .... Tiie apple trees staii.l bloom- Tlie sun shines . Did tlie robber crawl . 279. Write the biography of any famous man ivhose Hfe has interested yon, devoting a paragraph to each of the folloiving points : Birth and i)arentiige; education; career in life ; death; his char- acter ; the results of liis work. ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 43 imuijined) j)uhUc na just been cut tellinij Us historn to past time : liers teacli tlu'ii- Ho cleaves tlu; late girl cleaves Thou singc'st of say that I aii! wilt tliou canst [xil. The sheriff ■)rtion of each of roe men who ul- tlian any of the ig was stamped rubbed out. The irned out a man il that the stain 'ver be removed. B shame (hat can the influence of ter towards his rt as adverb in louted that they the gathering of phrases : It is V and ice. Tiie ? He returned es stand bloom- crawl .... .' n whose Wj'e hai* fuUoiving points : leath ; his char- 280. A ship has been wrecked on a fertile but uninhabited island in the Pacific. Write an account supposed to hare been written b>i one of the passengers, describing the wreck, (he landing, the build- ing of a hut, the fertility/ of the island, the occupations (f Ihc ship, wrecked for the three months they were on the island, and the manner in tchich the;/ succeeded in attracting the notice of the passing vessel which rescued them. 281. At :i convent in France, twenty poor people were served with dinner at a certain iiour every day. A do-r belonging to tlie con- vent was always present at tliis meal, watcliinj,' for any scraps tliat inigiitbetiirown to him. The guests being very hiingrv themselves and not very ciiaritable, the poor dog did little"niore than smell the food of which he fain would have partaken. As each pauper ap- proached, he ranga bell, and his share was delivered to him through a small opening, so that neither giver nor receiver could see each other. One day the dog waited till all were served, when he took the rope in his mouth and rang the bell. The trick succeeded, and was repeated next day with the same success. At length the cook, finding :iat twenty-one portions were doled out instead of twenty, determined to find out the thief; and at last he was watched and detected. But when the monks heard the story, they rewarded the dog's ingenuity by allowing him to ring the bell every dav, and a mess of broken victuals was henceforth regularly served out to him in his turn. Expand the preceding story by stating, how it came that twenty 2Joor i)eo2)le tverefed every day, the appearance and name of the dog, the iieculiar method of distributing the food, how the dog managed to reach Jiis food, how the cook found out the thief, and how one of the monks took the part of the dog. 282. Expand, orally, by usin,, adverbial modifiers : The steam escaped. Owing to the disturbance the sick man suffered. No person can learn Greok. You may work. We should learn our lessons. Were you listening? Your brother walks. The soldier died iighting. 283. Write questions containing one icord denoting an in- habitant of each of the following countries : Denmark, Italy, Poland, Turkey, Venezuela, Brazil, Newfoundland, Syria, Wales, Isle of Man, Abyssinia, Malta. 44 ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 284. Iitxcrt participial phrases in : Tlio country .... was coiKiueriMl by Eii.;Iuii(l. Wellington .... won the battle of Waterloo. TIio burglar .... was locked up in prison. The boy .... was full of joy. The boy's marks are not a proof of diligence. The rain .... detained them on their Avay. Somo boys .... broke into the orchard. A brave soldier .... helped me on my way. The bullet .... destroyed life at once. Two lions .... were tearing eacli other to pieces. 285. Write tlie autobiography nf ".I Silrer Doilar," paying specidl attention to the process of manufadure in the Mint; the muU in the bank in which >/on ivere first placed, the imor icoman to ti'hom the teller paid yon ont ; her drunken hnshand who gave you uicay for drink, the saloon keeper's little dawjhter to who.n you ivere given and ivho lost you tinder the sidewalk ichere yon now are. 286. Improve by rearranging orally : A man was found in the ehurch having a broken leg. Coming from the sky wc heard a sound. Wc saw a fence driving along tlie road. We saw the doctor passing lying in the house. The sailor perceived r.n ice- berg in front of the ship climbing up to tiie mast. The Queen demanded that the minute book sliould be brought to lier in her anger. The liorse was seen by a man pricking up his ears. 287. Compare carefully the life of a doctor and of a lawyer, stating tchat you consider are the adoantages of each profession. 288. Change the number of the verbs in the following : He has been instrumental in aiding his brother. I have not forgotten you. Slie does not perceive her difficulties. It will bring sadness to the house. Wlio has lost his book.? In the hope oi finding her pen she has returned to the school. We saw our mother crying. The poor dog lost its bone. We saw her standing there. Let mo liave my key. Thou hast not observed my words. You challenged us to a game of Lacrosse. 289. Improve the following as to propriety : An individual was standing at the door. The 'cyclist rai)idly gained on the walk- 1st. The Ontario Female College. Leave him alone. He went into the hotel to tipsify. The immigrants located in that territory. The .levouring element destroyed the man's liat. He is as good as the pick of them. Five girls of schoolable age were present. ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 45 290. («) Expand the italicized portions of the following sen- tences into adjective clauses : I saw a man running along the street. Five men standing near by, were killed by the explosion. Victory having promised inourfacor turned !i,i,'ainst us. Children seeing their jxirents' faults soon acquire bad liahits. The ship Jiaving sailed away never returned. Many of the dogs cany/it by the police were destroyed. Ilarvy and Bert having run a race were tired. Xapoleon haring returned to Elba spent a short time in solitude. (b) Orally contract into simple sentences: The man, wlio stood where two roads met, looked both ways. The jjaiutings that Turner produced are now famous. No jjcrson that is lionest will descend to such a stratagem. The heart that is faint will never win a lady tliat is fair. When tlic sun was setting my brother reached the end of his journey. The telegra])!! operator fell asleep because he had been on duty three days and three nights. 291. Change these sentences orally so that they will be applica- ble to future time : He ran away every morning. My mother wrote mo a letter every other day. The boy waxed older and stronger. Tlie sailor swam to the siiip. Tlie little rabbits thrived on their new diet. The milliner sewed a buckle on the hat. They all strove earnestly for the prize. Did the geranium freeze ? The oarsman spun along in his boat. Thou didst not remain here. The little one cleaved to her mother. Did the boy lie down in the snow.? You did not lay the jjicture on the stove. 292. Fill in the blanks : . . . . have lost my book looking into the shop-windows. Tlie boy laug'ied at lis as ... . turned the corner. Perhaps .... will study their lessons. .... hast had much trouble. If thou .... ther<^ it was a mistake liad been studying our lessons for some time. .... art the man. Who knows whether .... have been diliixent m your work or not surrender all thy rights and privileges.? 293. Amend these sentences : lie lias went and lain the book on the table. The girl set down on the table. The mother was grieveing for her dear child. That boy was singing the hair off the dog. My father was drounded in the Hudson. The enemy atonceattackted our forces, lie ditterred from you. He defered to your opinions. The sun is dispeliug all the mists. He is ful- filing his father's wish. 4(! ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 294. Distinguish as to meaning : boat, vessel ; strait, chan- nel ; gull, bay ; lake, sea ; cape, ])romontory ; history, blograj)liy ; inventor, discoverer •, complete, finish ; betwixt, between ; by, with; by and by, by the bye; elder, older; all, whole; nation, people; scarcely, hardly; punishment, correction; scolding, reproof. 295. Describe in a letter to a distant friend, one of your Fridaij nfternoons at .school. 296. Write complex sentences conia'in'mg the following state- ments ch((nijed to the subjunctive mood : He goes lionie. They are all honorable men. The man is of higli standing in society. The meek shall attain ha))piness. Napoleon was unhap])y. Thou oanst go with all confidence of success. The king makes his peojile ha]>py. Thou art the man. The foolish are wise in their own conceits. No man knows the hour or the day. 297. Change oralb/ into compound sentences : While he was waiting I s])()ke to him. The men will succeed because tliey are dil'.gent. Columbus, who discovered America, was treated un- kindly. Everybody that desires success will study hard. When the teacher came in Jio found the boys around the stove. Since that has happened ho will be sure to remain sober. That our Queen is honored cannot be doubted. 298. Change the degree of the Adverb in : The enemy of souls speaks dangerously to us. lie does not look well to-night. They succeeded badly in that attempt. He spoke much about the matter. That man expressed his opinion candidly. The chil- dren went forth on their errand. He came late to the meeting. The tree stood near the river. Slowly and sadly we laid him down. If you study hard you will advance rapidly. They were little prepared for the attack. 299. Write complex sentences containing words opposite «n meaning to : advances sold had destroyed restored will weep remembered defended hated was convicted obtained fails has found. ENGLISH COMPOSiriON. (1, una of your 300. Describe, uskinri your Icarhcr any ncrcsanry r each of the following heads: (1) General remarks about e.-irth- qiiakos. (2) Time and j)laee of the particular e.irthqiiako. (3). The effeets on (a) the ground and huildinup ; (/*) the minds of the people. (4) Condition of affairs after the earthquake. 301. Change the verb in the foUoiviuf/ sentenren to the emphatic form : I ran away when I saw him. J >shall go when T am readv. Tiic minister made a serious error in liis address. James will be present if I command liim. Tliou regardest the wants of thy j)eople. We found him sitting 1)y himself. Boys run into many dangers. He died an awful death. You act very lionorably. Our boys never act in such a way. 302. Write a composition OH " Our Young Dominior)," writing « paragraph ou each of the follmnng heads: Position, Mountains, Rivers, Climate, Soil and Products, Minerals, People, Government, Progress. 303. Chawje the follomjig ,so that a perfect action loill he denoted: The butler brings in the wine. The l)ig blacksmith shoes the horse. The j.iother chides her daughter. The teamster quickly drives his liorses to the spot. The sun shines upon the just and the unjust. The little ones choose the doll in preference to the Xoah's Ark. The water seethes in the whirlpool. I tell you to pay attention to your work. They wring their hands for grief. The boy bites the apple with greediness. We dare not do such a thing. I dare you to do it. rds opposite 304. Change the person {grammatical) ne2mst time : 'I'liey have written to me. Jolin and Henry are working very hard. I go before that time. He will see the error of his Avays. She knit me a pair of mits. There he abode si.v days. Did ho get his jjen when you came.? They slew all the innocent and helj)less. Tlie strangers seek another place of refuge. A\ slial! build beft)re autumn. 308. Imagine that yon have been absent from school tu-enty yefirs and that on your payinij the school a visit you are asked to address a few words to the school; write out a copy of your probable speech. 309. Distinguish : a continual noise, a continuous noise ; fetcli the book, bring the book, carry the book ; he has enoutrh, he lias sufficient ; tlie man's honor, the man's integritv ; a yuud boy, a good lad ; I saw a ])ile. I saw a liea]) ; a lazy boy, an in- active boy, a slothful boy ; a long talk, a long conversation ; our rights, our ])rivileges ; the judgment was partly given, the judg- ment was i)artially given. 310. Change orcdly so'that the sentences will indicate progres- sive action : They will not live. Great generals study continu- ously. They lie down to die on the cold sod. They travel all day and all night. No one can read and write at the same time They had struggled all day against the storm. He refers to the President. His education has tinged all his ideas of life. ' They singe their clothes. We fulfil the cvpectation of your friends. You benefit us all. ENCiLISH COMPOSITION. 49 311. («) Name as many nationalities «.. :jou can, and describe the apimirawc, and the chamctc- of each. {b) Write a composition .. minerals, stating the names and l^t^Zt ^ ^"-^^'^'-^-'^ '/- oj,.aronc.s, and the J^'- 1 '>■''' ''"' ^'''°''^ "^ "• ^'"''^ '^''''^'''"^' '''" ''frrnmstanre, in Ma was rcntten, it. .tay in the post-ofu. , it. tracrls, the ^ffe>:t of Us contents on the recipient, and its treatment after beina read, "^ >f 313. Change from direct to indirect narration : The am- ;:::^!f^c ; J"'7^T' •!-- 1-— wa,., winch .in ;™ 1 .. ?w ,'f "'' Carthaginians replied, -Give us which you please." -Well then," sai.l he, "I leave you war " The speaker sa'M : -I am not afraid to oppose the honorable men,ber for York, in what I consido.. his unparlian.entary proceed! n>g. He has staled that I an. guilty of n.otives unworthy of one of my descent and name. I thank hini for his referen / to my title and my fnn.ily. Let n.e assure you, Mr. Speaker that J have never felt a deeper sense of peac/and joy in any 't my parhamentary acts than I now experience in standing almost rt;;.ic:"theTr";"s^ '"^^■^■""^ ^'^^^'^"-^"^ - ^^« ^"-n^rto restuct the liberty of a great nation. Sir, I appeal with confi- dence to all honest-minded men, I defy the honorible ^Intlen en opposite to point out one particular in which I have faUed in my d« y, not merely to my name and family but to my fellow-citizens Zi^:^^''^'- ^^^ ^'^^"" ^"^^^''- ^'- ^'-Henge:r forever 31^. Write sentences containinfjjhe folloicinrj : currier, cou- rier ; ridicule, reticule; broach, brooch; fondling, foundling, executer, executor; stake, steak ; lickerish, licorict lineament hniment; lease, leash; ordnance, ordinance; statute, TtrJ: eminent, imminent ; relic, relict. ' 315. Change the nnmh^v of the subjects in the folloicing: Thev have stolen many a valuable. Love lies bleeding in the gai'len I am ,„ great trouble of mind. You never said anything abou the matter. TJie children have returned from their visit. ^Shou d we desire any help we shall let you know. The author is writing another book. You struck the hero with your swords. Wherf was the caretaker when you called? He who surpasses or sub! dues mankind must look down on the hate of all below 00 ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 316. Chnngn tlip fnllnining aontenres orally m that they vull denote an action perfect y remembering what the guide had told liim. The king asked where liis son was and why he did not bring the sword of the knight that had just been slain. 349. Dioide into shorter sentences as may seem advisable : He is supposed to luive fallen by his father's death into the hand of liis uncle, a vintner near Charing Cross, who sent him for some time to Dr. TJresby at Westminster, but not intending to give anv education beyond that of the school, took him when he was weU advanced in literature to his own house, where the Earl of Dorset, celebrated for patronage of genius, found liim by chance, as Burnet relates, reading Horace, and was so well pleased with liis pro- ficiency, that he undertook the care and cost of his academica- education. — yohnson. 350. Substitute equivalent words, phrases or clauses for the irords italicized in : Wilful disobed ience caused his f ailier much pain. To augment his chances of success he had elevated a lofty pole. The friendship of the two generals was cemented by the marriage of their two children. To alleviate his distress lie de- termined to take opium thougli his mother besought him to await the arrival of the doctor. Permanent institutions are not numer- ous. Mechanics and artisans often liave themselves to blame for the sufferings and destitution of their families. His conversation beuig spiced with wit won for him the respect of the nobility who did not fail to support his claim for assistance. 351. Write a paragraph starting from the sentence, '■'On this occasion Washington acted with his usual intrepidity." 352. Develop into a paragraph : "i« is sometimes difficult to distinguish independence from obstinacy." 353. Develop into a paragraph : 'T/te trouble with the Anar- chists is not an unmixed evil.'^ 58 ENGLISH COMPOSITION. \% V^{ 354. Break vp into a seriea of short simple sentences : We were not alone in our expedition, for already seated in the dingy were four or five gentlemen who, unlike ourselves, had not been tothe cathedral, and from whom I learned that our ultimate destination was the Botanical Gardens, where we were to have a lunch on the grass; 'the same," my informant continued, "as everybody in Calcutta does." 355. Change to simple sentences : I will show you that 1 appreciate your difficulties. The man broke down under a burden that was so heavy. He expected that he f-liould obtain an assis- tant that would be of use to him. It would detain you too long if I were to mention all that were present on that occasion. An animal that has not these characteristics has not yet been dis- covered. 356. Draiv up an analysis of a comparison of: "Persever- ance" with "Brilliancy of Intellect." 357. Amplify into a paragraph : ^'Numerous tcere the difficulties that beset the Puritan fathers upon their landing in America." 358. Change the loose sentences into periodic noting tht effect : He went away from the house in the morning, before it was light, through the rain and slush. The snow blocked up the road which was entirely drifted over owing to the board fence on the western side. We warn every person to remain in his house in the evening after the bell rings the liour for retiring. Friends brought him many gifts out of a personal regard, and a respect for his public services. He lived in many cit'es without envying the wealth of the wealthy or despising the poor for their poverty. Many men are prosperous owing to the chance that places them in a position to avail themselves of the influence of friends who have won fame by hard work for many years, and by strict honesty. 359. Arrange in sentences of proper length : In front of these insignia of pomp march with steady tread twelve chosen esquires. These esquires are attendants on the Knight Grand Comman- der. It is his banner which is seen in the distance. That banner, too, is worthily borno. It is carried by no less a warrior than General Probv-. ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 59 To General Probyn's name attaches all that is dear to a soldier. Close behind comes the Prince of Wales. He is under the gold umbrella, lie is clad in a general's scarlet uniform. He hafl the blue cloak of the Star of India over his shoulder, lie has the gold chain of this Order about his neck. He has the gold chain of the Order of the Garter beside this cha'n. 360. Expand the metaphors into similes : Adversity's cold frosts will soon be -'er; It heralds brighter days: the joyous Spring Is cradled on the Winter's icy breast, And yet comes flushed in beauty.— Vice is a monster of so frightful mien, As to be hated needs but to be seen ; Yet seen too oft, familiar with her face, We first endure, then pity, then embrace Disguise it not, ye blush for what ye hate, And Enmity is sister unto Shame ; Look on your mind— it is the book of late— Ah ! it is dark with many a blazoned name Of misery — all are mirrors of the same ; But the dark fiend who with his iron pen. Dipped in scorn's fiery poison, makes his fame Enduring there, would o'er the heads of men Pass harmless, if they scoined to make their hearts his den. 361. Rewrite in order to preserve the unity of thought : I occupied a tug from which I could see the effect of the hattle on both sides, within range of the enemy's guns ; but a small tug without ornament was not calculated to attract the fire of bat- teries while they were being assailed themselves. 362. Change into exclamatory expressions ajid note the effect as to energy : Our hearts were beating with excitement as we regarded the approaching brigade. The poor child looked sad. The wind blows bitterly and the sleet stings the face. A fall was there my countrymen. The hour of prayer is a balm for the weary. God's love is boundless, his mercy is infinite. The fire-engine rushed rapidly along the street. Man is noble in his understanding, marvellous in his nature, and divine in his possi- bilities. The love of our fellows enriches our hearts. It is difficult to follow duty when it costs us the love of friends. We often forfeit joya because we are unwilling to sacrifice our pleasures. I . ' 60 ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 363. Write sentencea containing metaphors or similes of which one tennis: Perseverance ; Washington ; A sliip ; Honesty; War; Flowers; Dandelions; Books; Tlic moon; The thistle; A brook ; An icicle ; A dewdrop ; A blade of grass ; The priat- ing-press ; The appetite for strong drink ; Love of country. 364. Express by a compound each of the phraws : — as liigh as one's breast, a tree the fruit of which is the fig, a man who acts as servant, a Avoraan who begs, a shaking of the groun 1, one wlio kills a man, a fish that lives in the sea, one who goes to church, one who deals in oils, the office whore objects are insured against fire, a high estimation of one's self, a j.lace where one may liave something to eat, as dark as coal, looking like death tearing the heart, crowned with snow, that can keep out water, surrounded by the sea. 365. Change oralhj to simple sentences : He confessed with tears that he had failed. A man ought to know that it is wrong to susi)ect a friend. The hope that he v/ould return before night, was removed by^ the news of an accident that had happened on the railway. Th'e thought that he had overcome the temptation that continually beset him, brought joy to a heart that had pre- viously been filled with grief. Any teacher that is unconscious of so important a law of mental growth should be compelled to leave the profession. 366. Distinguish the meaning of: He has a dollar more than I. He has a dollar, more than I. —He is a better orator than logician. He is a better orator than a logician. — Such an action 18 wrong. To act so is wrong. That one should act so is wrong. —He spoke to his son who was there. He spoke to his son, who was there. — How odd that it is true I How odd that it should be true I —James and John were not there. Neither James nor John was there. — Cato, the wise, was present. The wise Cato was present.— The British Cabinet disagree. The British Cabinet disagrees.— My morning work. My morning's work.— He thought httle about it. He thought a little about it.— What fool is there? What a fool is there I ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 61 367. Correct the mistakes in the use of participles in: — Not having seen them for some years his arrival occasioned considera- ble excitement. His career was cut short in the youth of his popularity, having been killed in a duel by A; ron Burr. Being one of the principal churches in Sydney it was not unnatural to look for some degree of intelligence in the preaching department. Amazed at the alteration in his manner, every sentence that ho uttered increased her astonishment. Preaching on one occasion in a village chapel, a pious oM woman said to him. Complaining oi a prickling sensation in his head, Matthew entreated him to abandon the use of liquor. Looking back the happiness of my young life is associated Avith her. 368. Substitute particulars for generals (concrete for ab- stract), and note the eject: Two officers were wounded. Litera- ture is mightier than war. He deserted his work as a blacksmith for the profession of preaching. He had the swiftness of a bird, and the silent secrecy of a snake. Ho i)erished for want of food, I shall never cease to fight for my country. Wisdom has more influence than wealth. They destroyed the opposing gunners and rendered the cannon unserviceable. Napoleon surrendered. The Indian was possessed of the eagerness of a bird of prey, and the cruelty of a beast of the jungles of his native land. Which do more good preachers or journalists,? 369. Paraphrase : " Those words which were formerly current are now become obsolete. Alas ! //,is is not all ; fame tarnishes in time too, and men grow out of fashion as well as language. Those celebrated names of Camillus, Caeso, Volesus, and Leonnatus are antiquated. Those of Scipio, Cato, and Augustus will soon have the same fortune, and l/ioxe of Hadrian and Antoninus must follow. All these things are transitory, and quickly become as a tale that is told, and are swallowed up in oblivion. I speak this of those who have been the wonder of their age and who shone with unusual lustre. But as for the rest, they are no sooner dead than forgotten, .4«(/ after all, what does fame everlasting mean? Mere vanity. What ihcH is it that is worth one's while to be concerned for? W/iy nothing but i/iis: to bear an honest mind, to act for the good of society, to deceive nobody, to welcome everything that happens as necessary and familiar, and flowing from a like source."— J/k tiVQ poi'cujraphs are vcceumn/. 387. Write a paraphrase of the ex! -v' ' in ,?v5. 388. Construct a framework >/• e u-h of the themes: '>A visit to some maiiiifactuiiiii,' t'stuldishmciit." "Tlio tcloiihone •' ""'—"-' ' ' " Now York City." "Sliould schools he free?" 389. Expand : "The gohlen tints of Autumn now hrightened the shrubbery around this melancholy house; and took away some thing of its gloom. The four poplar-trees seemed all ablaze, and flickered in the wind like huge torches. The little border of box tilled the air with fragrance, and seemed to welcome the return of Alice, as she ascended the steps and entered the house with a lighter heart than usual. The brisk autumnal air had quickened her pulse and given a glow to her cheek."—//, jy. Longfellnvj. 390. Form complex sentences, oralh,, by the addition of both an adjectival and an adrerUial clause : This is the rat. I saw only one boy. The shij) sailed away witli a large crew. There are hundreds of men here. Wo were looking at the little girl. We were delighted witli the scene. No man can be hapj)y. The apples were (|uite sour. We recalled the happy days. The murder of tlie judge was regretted by all. 391. Jieurite in plain language and note the effect: "I pant for the music whidi is divine ; My heart in its thirst is a dying flower. Pour forth the sound like enchanted w ine ; Loosen the notes in a silver shower. Like a herbless plain for the gentle rain, I gasp, I faint, till they wake again Let me drink of the spirit of that sweet sound More, oh more !— I am thirsting yet ! It loosens the serpent which care has bound Upon my heart, to stifle it; The dissolving strain, through every vein, Passes into my heart and brain. €6 ENGLISH COMPOSITION. As the scent of a violet withered up, VVhicli grew by the brink of a silver lake, When the hot noon had drained its dewy cup, And mist there was none its thirst to slake— And the violet lay dead while the odor flew On the wings of the wind o'er the' waters blue."— 5//«//ey. 392. Write a composition about mime, usin>/, as the rentral thoitciht of your first paragraph, the third and fourth verses of the second stajiza of the poetical extract in 391. 393. Paraphrase : "Such is oftonest the yo.ing man's intro- duction to the forest, and the most original part of himself. He goes thither at first as a hunter and fisher, until at last if he has the seeds of a better life in him, he distinguishes his proper objects, as a poet or naturalist it may be, and leaves the gun and fish-pole behind. The mass of men are still and always young in this respect. In some countries a hunting parson is no uncommon sight. Such a one might make a good shepherd's dog, but is far from being the Good Shepherd. I have been surprised to consider that the only obvious employment, except wood-choppi„aragraph in 308 where vxmld you divide it} ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 67 J^s'alli T7 "; ^'' ''' inversions of the natural onler of 'Ml as and decide the object of the inversion. ^ oom ud to the rhetorical order, and decide whether there i, an ^ncease or a loss of Uceliness and of appropriateness of en^kd:^ lencei, j, o, o, / m question 393? {h) Wuu function in the development of the paraeraoh /. perfarnml b^, sentences 2, 10, 12? Paragraph is 398. Summarize orally : uj ,,^,„i^,. j^ j now go.ng to mention. Stewart C. Glover, CompanvF "th W , consin-was wounded May c in one nr ,h^ ^"'"P^".> ^-" 5th Wis- Wi.derne,ss-died Ma, ^4^0^ Tou^.r ^ He^Ta^r t^r:!: -^ .een enti;^^ j^:!:^::^ :s:r ^:- -^-r cock s Corp. Tl.e fighting had about ceased for thTd. ZtZ wentoj; gai,;-r;::;^t i^::::t':;c;r:t i^r^ 'z 'r~ geant to our lines, .as shot in the knee br'feh.. 7 u '""• consequence, an,putation and delth He j 'f'^' .^'^"'"P^hooter; father, John Glover, an aged and ble n , ^.tavla T '" count3s N. Y., but was at school in Wisconsh', ffer uT' TT out, and there enlisted, soon took to so "e ' iVf Ld VT. , manly, was belov'd bv onicers and con.-ade" He ken ^ H r""^ like so many of the soldiers. On the d' v of his 1 . ^i ""^ followino- in if • 7-. / ./ . -^ '^ ''"-'^"^ ''« wrote the ouou ,ng in U . To day i/,c doctor ..ays I must die-all is over with 399 (a) Expand the extract in 398 hy dividing intoparaaravh, and adding any imagined details concerning the early lif IZoud ^ng, the funeral, and the character of the Jung man. (6) Write an imaginary conversation bettceen Walt Whit. J<^'^(srecuracd in the paragraph quoted in 398. 68 ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 400. Examine the arrangement of words, phrases and clauses, with a view to improvement, leaving out of consideration the metre : There at the foot of yonder nodding beech, That wreathes its old fantastic roots so high, His listless length, at noontide, would he stretch, And pore upon the brook that babbles by. Hard by yon wood, now smiling as in scorn. Muttering his wayward fancies, would he rove; Now drooping, woeful, wan, like one forlorn, Or crazed with care, or cross'd in hopeless love. One morn I miss'd him on the "custom'd hill, Along the heath and near his favorite trae; Another came, — nor yet beside the rill. Nor up the lawn, nor at the wood, was he.—Gray. clmiseSj >ion the