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Det(
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THE
F
WEISB
I
AN ELEMENTARY GUIDE
TO
Determinative Mineralogy
FOB THE USE OF
THE PRACTICAL MINERALOGIST AND PROSPECTOR, AND
FOR INSTRUCTION IN SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES,
BASED UPON THE METHOD OF
weisbacws "tabellen zur bestimmung der
mineralien;'
APPLIED CHIEFLY TO AMERICAN SPECIES.
!
A
y ^
C/GILBERT WHEELER,
:^^
Profeuor in the University of Chicago.
/
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CHICAGO: "^-
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PREFACE.
It is now usual in our leudinp academies, ^\gh schools and similar education-
al institutions to impart instruction in the natural sciences, not merely by text-
book and class-room drill, but also by means of actual elementary practice in
suth experiments or observations as are carried on by those who devote
themselves to the investigation of natural phenomena. Heretofore, these
hours of practice have been mainly devoted to Botany and Zoology, as material
in these departments is everywhere at hand and inexpensive. Some institu-
tions have also added somewhat of laboratory practice in the department of
Chemistry. Most teachers recognize that by these methods the sciences
themselves are studied, and not merely what compilers of text-books have
collated concerning them.
In view of the very general interest at present taken in the mineral
development of our country, especially in our Western States and Territories,
it is now eminently fit that the students at our better institutions should
secure some slight training in practical mineralogy, at least sufficient to enable
them to recognize the more important minerals and ores. It is no longer
difficult to obtain specimens. Few schools even now are entirely without
them, and either by donation or exchange the collections can readily be
increased. Many dealers supply sets of minerals, complete enough for the
ordinary requirements of a practical course, at a cost of but a few dollars.
In this work minerals not found in the United States, or the mining
regions of Mexico, are for the most part omitted. The exceptions are such for-
eign species, only, as are found in most collections. By thus eliminating min-
erals rarely encountered it is claimed that this little manual is thereby rendered
much more useful, as it often o^^curs, in th6 use of larger works, that more time
and labor are required to . .^f.rt&m that a given mineral is not some rare,
foreign one, than it would to d( vermine half a dozen ordinary specimens.
Throughout the work the names of species and the physical and chemical
characteristics are those given in Dana's Mineralogy.
C. GILBERT WHEELER.
I
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INTRODUCTION.
In the use of these tables where the lustre, hardness, streak, color, crystal-
line form and cleavage can be determined, there can scarcely be any difficulty or
need of explanation as to the method of procedure. A simple inspection of
the tables themselves, or of the synopsis of their arrangement, on the page
preceding the index, will make a detailed explanation quite unnecessary.
Where, as in the case of some silicates, etc., on account of imperfect crystal-
lization, special difficulties present themselves, the supplementary tables are
added where, with an acid, a blow-pipe and a couple of fluxes, a still greater
certainty may be obtained and additional species recognized.
In general it may be remarked :
I. The indicated nature and degree of lustre, as well as the variety of
color, are invariably those of fresh fractures, a fact which the beginner should
net overlook, especially if the mineral have a metallic lustre.
II. Friable, slightly coherent minerals are to be found in the second toble,
their streak being identical with their color ; in rare cases some of them, as
magnetic iron ore and argentite, are in the first series.
III. The indicated degree of hardness are average amounts with reference
to crystalline faces, or, in non-crystallized minerals, to fresh fracture surfaces;
this is to be considered particularly with fibrous or scaly minerals.
IV. The scale of hardness is the one of Mohs.
V. The crystallographic terms are those of Dana.
It has been deemed expedient to distinguish the common minerals by
larger, the more rarely occurring by smaller type.
The numbering of the species it was believed would be a convenience for
such as might desire to apply the classification in the arranging of their
collections. *
. jVliy-iw >■#*>—■ " — -' ■
,1. MINERALS HAVING
I.
No.
Name.
COPPER
2 i Breitbanptite
:; HICCOLITE
Hardness.
Color.
2'7.') copper-red
rt copper-red
5"25 : light copper-red
Strbak.
copper-red
reddish brown
black
No.
Name.
GOLD
Electrum
BOBNITE
Millerite
PYBEHOTITE
Hardness. |
2-5
2-5
3
3-3-6
3-5-f5
Color.
Streak.
gold-yellow ' gold-yellow
pale yellow . pale yellow
copper-red to brown gray black
bright black
9 i CHALCOPYRITE 3 5-4
10
Homichlin
n 1 PYRITE
4
6
brasB-yellow to
bronze-yellow
bronze-yellow
brass-yellow
bronze-yellow
brass-yellow
gray black
green black
black
brown black
n.
A
R
mi
br
br
m
VD
bi
b
b
b
b
L
AVING
A METALLIC LUSTRE.
I.
Red.
Streak.
ppor-red
idish brown
ack
Streak.
)ld-yenow
lie yellow
ray black
light black
ray black
reen black
lack
irown black
n.
m
•^
Tenacity.
Crystalline
System.
malleable
isom.
brittle
hex.
brittle
hex.
Yellow.
Tenacity.
malleable
malleable
brittle
brittle
brittle
brittle
brittle
brittle
Crystalline
System.
isom.
isom.
hex.
hex.
tetr.
tetr. (?)
isometric.
Fracture and
Cleavage.
Fkacture anu
Cleavage.
Remarks.
G. 8-8.
G. 75.
G. 7-3-7-7.
■ V*
small conchoidal and
uneven
rhombohedral and
perfect
granular
uneven
uneven
uneven
Remarks.
G. 16 to 19-5.
G.15-6.
G. 4-4- 6-5. .
G. 4-5-5 7.
G. 4-4. Is usually at-
tracted by magnet.
G. 41-43.
G. 4-4-t-5.
G. 5. Strikes fire with
steel.
i
.- iiw^jjtiSfe^wS^ftAv'^to'wi^
r
wmmmm
MINERALS HAVING A METALLIC LUSTRE.
ni.
No.
Namb. i Hahdness.
Color.
12 I Mercury
i
I
i
13 BISHXTTH
1
I
14 TeUurium
15
SILVER
16 i Heasite
17 ! ANTIMONY
18 AltaitA
19
20
21
Domeykite
ASSENIG
Whitneyite
Streak.
fluid tin-white
2-25 ; reddishi white gray
2*6 ! tin-white
2"5 i silver-white
tin-white
silver-white
2'5 gray zinc-white ' gray
I
tin-white
3-25 i tin-white
3«6 tin-white
3-6
tin-white
<i-K grayish to
^ I reddish white
tin-white
tin-white
gray white
dark white
reddish white
\
bi
C(
II
E.
ni.
Streak.
*y
i-white
ver-wbite
ay
n-white
n-white
;ray white
Jark white
reddish white
WHITE.
White.
Tenacity.
Crystalline
System.
Fracture and
Cleavage.
i
brittle when hex.
cold
brittle
hex.
': lateral perfect,
basal imperfect
ductile isometric
B
sectile orthorhombic
very brittle [ hex.
sectile
indistinct
basal perfect
isometric ' cubic
reniform uneven
>
brittle
rh.
uneven and
fine granular
Rbharks.
G. 13-5.
G. 97.
G. 9-4.
G. 8-3.
G. 6-6.
G. 81.
G.7.
G.6.
malleable not distinct : fresh fracture dull
G. 7-6. Rubbed surfaces
strongly metallic
jt Ttiffi-'it-aM
10'
MINERALS HAVING A METALLIC LUSTRE.
No.
Name.
Hardness.
C0U)B.
Streak.
22
Oendorffite
5
silver-white
^ray black
23
Lenoopyrite
5-25
silver-white
gray black
24
SMALTITE
5-5
tin-white to steel-
gray
gray black
25
Arsenopyrite
5-5
silver-white
dark gray black
26
Iridosmine
6
tin-white
black
bri
bri
ft br
br
m
wi
IV.
No.
Name.
Hardness.
Color.
Streak.
27
MOLTBSENITE
1-25
pure lead-gray
lead-gray
28
LEAD
1-6
lead-gray
gray
29
Sylvanite
1-5
steel-gray
steel-gray
30
Tetradymite
1-76
4
pale steel-gray
pale steel-gray
31
PTBOLVSITE
2
iron-black to dark
steel-gray
black or blue-black
Bl
n
d
B.
Strbak.
black
'black
r black
i. gray black
IV.
Stbbak.
1-gray
>l-gray
e steel-gray
ck or blue-black
GRAY.
11
Tknaoty.
brittle
brittle
Crystallimb
System.
Fbactube and
Clbataox.
t brittle
brittle
malleable
with difficulty
ISO.
hex.
ISO.
uneven
uneven
Rbhabks.
orthr.
hex.
octahedral and distinct
uneven
G. 7-6.
G. 7-6.
G. 7-6.
G.6.
commonly in irregular,
flattened grains.
Gray.
Tenacity.
sectile and al-
most mall'ble
ductile and
malleable
Crystalline
System.
hex.
ISO.
Fractubb and
Gleavaob.
not very sec-
tile.
brittle
mkl.
hex.
in laminae
Remarks.
uneven
laminiee flexible.
ortho.
G. 7-4.
G. 7-6.
G. 7-6.
G. 7*6. Soils paper.
G. 7-4.
LI
1
12f
MINERALS HAVING A METALLIC LUSTRE.
No.
32
Name.
Hardness. Color.
STIBNITE
r
33 BISHUTHINITE 2 lead-gray
lead-gray
Streak.
lead-gray
lead-gray
34 ABOENTITE
35
36
2-25 i black lead-gray
STEPHANITE 225
' black gray to iron-
black
GALENITE
2'5
87 CHALCOCITE 25
lead-gray
lead-gray
black lead-gray
iron-black
lead-gray
38
39
lead-gray
Berthierite
Dyscraaite
40 iTETEAHEDBITE
41
Flatinnin
2-3
3'5
dark steel-gray to . , , ,
pinchbeck-Wwn "on-black
gray to white i silver whi+«
3-4-5
4-6
light flint-gray to
iron-black
whitish steel-gray
se
si
4
same or brown red
whitish steel-gray
E.
Streak.
i-gray
i-gray
ck lead-gray
n-black
GRAY.
' Ceystallinb j Fracture amd
Tenacity. System. Cleavage.
13
sectile
orthorh. laminated
slightly brittle! orthorb
,d-gray
id-gray
m-black
ver whi*«
me or brown red
hitish steel-gray
aectile
180.
uneven
slightly orthorh. uneven
oi;
frangible iso,
sectile
orthorh.
prism, or
massive
orthorh.
slightly brittle
ductile
isometric
tetrahedral
ISO.
flat or even
conchoidal
granular
uneven
uneven
hackly
Remarks.
G. 7-4.
G. 7-6.
G. 7-6.
G. 7-6.
G. 7-7.
G. 7-5.
G. 7-4.
sometimes tarnishes,
yellow and blackish.
G. 7-5.
G. 7"6. Occasionally
magnetic-polar.
1
^mmigmz
u
MINERALS HAVING A METALLIC LUSTRE.
No.
Name.
Hardnmb.
Coi^B.
Stbbak.
42
43
44
Iron
SMALTITE
Hematite
4-5
5-5
5-5 .
iron-gray
tin-white to
steel-gray
dark steel-gray
iron-black; where
earthy, is red
shining
gray black
cherry-red or
reddish brown
di
bi
bi
V.
No.
46
46
47
48
49
60
51
Name.
GSAPHITE
Folybasite
Stephanite
Stromeyerite
Hiargryrite
Enargite
Ooloradoite
Habdmbss.
COLOK.
2-3
2-25
2-5
2-6
iron-black
dark steel-gray
iron-black in thin
crystals,
cherry red
black pray to
iron-black
black to steel-gray
iron-black
iron-black to
grayish
iron-black
Streak.
black, shining,
soils paper
iron-black
iron-black
shining
cherry-red
grayish black
•
Pi»
j_
ElE.
BLACK.
15
Stbbak.
ining
ay black
lerry-red or
ddish brown
V.
Stbkak.
ack, shining,
ils paper
on-black
on-black
lining
lierry-red
rayish black
Tenacity.
Crystallinb
Ststfm.
Fbactukb and
Cleavaor.
Remabks.
ductile
brittle
brittle
iso.
iso.
rhomb.
hackly
uneven
uneven
magnetic
G. 7-6.
Bometimes attracted by
magnet.
Black.
_ Crystalline
Tenacity. ^^^^j,^^
thin laminse
flexible
PM
britUe
hex.
ortho.
massive
ortho>
mkl.
ortho.
amorph.
Fracture and
Cleavage.
sectile
uneven
none
Bub-chon.
sub-conch.
uneven
sub-conchoidal
Remarks.
G. 7*2. Feels greasy.
G. 7-6.
G. 7-7.
G. 7-6.
G. 7-5.
G. 7-4.
G. 8*6. Decrepitates.
16
MINERALS HAVING A METALLIC LUSTRE.
No.
Naiob.
Habdmbsb.
52 Tenorite
63 Melaoonite
54 Manganite
55 Hausmannite
56 MAGNETITE
57 Menaooanite
58 Chromite
59
60
61
Vranklinite
Hematite
Tantalite
Ck>LOR.
5-5
5-6
5-5
6-6-5
gray black
iron-gray to
gray black
iron-black to
dark steel-gray
brown black
iron-black
iron-black
iron-black to
brown black
iron-black
Streak.
gray black
solus fingers
gray black
soils fingers
reddish brown to
black
chestnut-brown
black
black to red brown
brown
dark red«brown
dark steel-gray
iron-blacl:; where
earthy, is red
black
cherry-red and
reddish brown
brown black
Bligl
■W
\ slig'
slig
bril
bri
bri
.
bri
bri
bri
an
L
IE.
Strbak.
IT black
1(9 fingers
»y black
ils fingers
ddiah brown to
ack
estnut-brown
ack
lack to red brown
rown
ark red'brown
iherry-red and
eddish brown
)rown black
T
_ _ Crystalline
Tenacity. g^^^^^^
slightly brittle: hex.
i
slightly brittle
ISO.
brittle
brittle
brittle
.
brittle
brittle
brittle, scaly
and fibrous
brittle
tetra.
ISO.
rhom.
ISO.
ISO.
rhom.
BLACK.
Fracture and
Cleavage.
17
Remarks.
slightly brittle ortho. i uneven
uneven
Bub-conch.
conch.
uneven
conch.
uneven
orthorh. conch
G.6.
G. 7'fi.
• G. 7-4.
G. 7-4.
G. 7-4.
Strongly magnetic.
G. 7-4.
Slightly magnetic.
G. 7-4.
Slightly magnetic.
G. 7-5.
Slightly magnetic.
Sometimes att'd by
magnet.
7-8. No change
before belowpipe.
T
r
II. SUB-METALLIC
WITH BLACK, BROWN, RED, YELLOW,
I
I. Black
No.
62
Namk.
Hakdmsss.
1-25
63
64
65
Aaphaltom
MIKEBAL COAL! 25
66
67
68
69
Anthracite
Petzite
Sphalerite or
Blende
Ilvaite
Psilomelane
Bratmite
2-5
2-5
3-5
LUSTRK.
... ^, , -4 1 black, browniflh
like black pitch i ^^^
Color.
dull t brilliant
earthy, resinous or
sub-metallic
lustre bright, sub-
metallic.
iron-black
resinous to adaman-
tine
black to dark brown
black
black
brown, yellow,
black, red, green,
white.
M
GRI
Sti
Stre
brown-
black
black
grayisl
prayisl
fto red<
Town
6'6 Bub-metallic
6-6
6-25
sulvmetallic
sub-metalUc
iron-bUick, dark f>l««kt
grayblack P'^ro
iron-black to dark
steel-gray
dark brownish
black
jrown
ihinio
lark I
ah bli
T
^TALLIC
MINERALS,
RED, YELLOW, GREEN OR BLUE STREAK.
I. Black
Color.
black, browniflh
black
black to dark brown
black
black
brown, yellow,
black, red, green,
white.
iron-black, dark
I grayblack
iron-black to dark
steel-gray
dark brownish
black
Streak. (All are opaque.)
rr, Ceystalline Fracturk and
bTREAK. Tenacity. ^ gysxEM. i Cleavage. I
Rkmarks.
brown-black
black
amorph.
black
brittle
very brittle
Mineral pitch. Meltn
at 90° and burns with
bright flame.
I , „ „ G.l. Infusible to sub-
. ,■ Burns with feeble
amorph. conchoi. j,^^,^ ^j. ^ p^,^ ^.^j^^^
grayish black
Etyish black
|b reddish-
3rown
black to green
at brown
>rown black,
ihining
lark brown-
sh black
brittle
brittle
brittle
brittle
orthorh.
ISO.
ortho.
amorph.
tetra.
prismatic
conch.
uneven
Soluble in a^ua regia
with separation of
silver chloride.
G. 7-4. Sub-fusible.
uneven
G. 7-3.
G. 7-4.
G. 7-4.
•^^^smvzTr--
. .': .• vi i3.Si^'frJ^.S(ihtSir.-ft'.4V :-".
- ;a. ;.. ■ ;«-, ,., ii.j);Ji»faa8gi.-,j4yjJgl
2ft
SUB -METALLIC MINERALS.
n. Brownish
Strei
Color.
Ozocerite
71 Hepatic Cinnabar
Brown Coal
(Lignite)
Chrysocolla
74 SPHALEKITE
(Blende)
75 GOETHITE
76 LIMONITE
77 Wolframite
78 SiphyUte
79 Psilomelane
80 Ratile
81 Cassiterite
2-2o
2-fi
3-75
5-25
5-25
5-26
o'to
buo
6-25
waxy
greasy, inclined to
metallic
greasy
greasy to vitreous
resinous to adaman
tine
imperfect adaman-
tine
greasy to glassy
yellowish green,
brown ana black
liver-brown
brown to black.
green, blue green,
blue.
brown, yellow,
black, red, green
Stri
yellow
toblac
^browni
brown
impur
to ola
white
reddif
resinous, pseudo-
metallic
yellow, reddish am
blackish brown
dark brown to
brownish yellow
grayish or brown-
ish black
dark brown to red
• "browi
low, c
yelloA
6-5
metallic adaman-
tine
adamantine
yelloi
dark
brow
cinni
brow
gray
steel-gray to iron-
black
reddish brown to
red. yellow, blue,
violet, black, rarelj
grass green.
brown or black, re(
gray, white or yeV
bro^
pale
whil
isb,
BROWNISH STREAK.
21
n. Brownish
Streak.
Color.
o
lan
an-
yeliowish green,
brown and black
liver-brown
brown to black.
green, blue green,
blue.
brown, yellow,
black, red, green
Streak.
yellow brown
to black
^brownish
brownish bl'k
impure brown
to olack, pure
white
reddish br'wn
Tenacity.
CJrystalunk
HysTEM.
slightly brit-
tle
slightly brit-
tle
lo-
yellow, reddish am
blackish brown
dark brown to
brownish yellow
grayish or brown-
ish black
dark brown to red
^'brownish yel-
low, ochre
yellow
in-
yellowish br'n
dark red
brown to bl'ck
cinnamon-
brown to pale
gray
steel-gray to iron-
black
reddish brown to
red. yellow, blue, !
violet, black, rarelj
grass green.
brown or black, re(
gray, white or yeV'
brownish bl'k
pale brown
brittle
brittle
brittle
brittle
brittle
very brittle
brittle
brittle
amor ph.
amorph.
amorph.
amorph.
iso.
ortho.
amorph.
ortho.
ortho.
amorph.
Fractukk ani>
Cleavage.
Remarks.
white, gray-
ish, brownish
brittle
tetr.
tetr.
uneven
Sometimes green iHh
by transmitted light.
Combustible.
(}. 71. Combustible,
conch., sect ilej <?. 2.
conch.
(}, :?■».
uneven
conch.
sub-conch.,
uneven
sub-conch.,
uneven.
G. .S-fi.
G. 7'l-735. Some-
times weak magnetic.
4-89. Heated, glows
brilliantly and be-
comes yellow.
G. 3-7-4-7.
G. 4-18-4-20.
G. 6-7-71.
i t m..i!%~: ::j'
■ rtHfiiirij ii
SUB-METALLIC MINERALS.
m.
No.
Name. Hardness. Lustre.
82 I Erythrite
83 CINNABAR
84
Proustite
85 Pyrargryrite
80
88
Chrysocolla
CUPRITE
Zinoite
89 HEMATITE
1 .7R ' pearly
^ " adamantine
2-25
225
2-25
adamantine
adamantine
metallic
adamantine
3-6
4-25
Color.
crimson, peach-
red, pearl, green
igray
cochineal-red
cochineal-red
black to cochineal-
red
(F
C{
ill
' green, blue green,
greasy to vitreous , blue
adamantine
various shades of
red
sub-adamantine : deep red
. „. ^ lu dark steel-gray to
5-5 I metallic to earthy iron-black.
WITH REDDISH STREAK.
2S
ni. Reddish Streak.
Color.
crimson, peach-
red, pearl, green
gray
cochineal-red
cochineal-red
black to cochineal-
red
I green, blue green,
1 blue
various shades of
red
I ^ Crystallink Fracture anu
Streak. Tenacity. | gygTEM. l Clbavagk.
Ml
deep red
dark steel-gray to
y iron-black.
(paler than
color)
scarlet
cochineal-red
cochineal-red
impure
brownish
to black,
pure white
several shades
of brownish
red shining
orange-yellow
to yellow red
cherry red,
reddish
brown
laminss flex-
ible
mono. sectile
Remarks.
brittle
brittle
brittle
brittle
rhomb.
sectile
rhomb. uneven
rhomb.
amorph.
ISO.
conch.
G. 2'9.
G. 8-9.
G. 5-4.
G. 57.
conch.,sectile
sub-conch,
uneven
hex. sobKionch.
G.2.
G. 5-9.
G.5.
rhomb.
sub-conch,
uneven
G. 4-5-5-3.
Sometimes magnetic.
24
SUB-METALLIC MINERALS-
IV. Yellowish
g
No.
90
91
Namk.
J
Hakdness. Lustbk.
(JOLOR.
93
94
95
Orpimect
NATIVE SUL-
PHUR
Antonite
SPHALERITE
(Blende)
Palagonite
Limonlte
9U Gothite
)7 Cassiterite
IT) ' pearly, resinous lemon-yellow
] T."! resinous
sulphur-yellow
^. citron to sulphur-
2'25 1 sub-adamantine yellow
:j-75
4"5
0"A)
0-20
«•">
resinous to adaman- brown, yellow,
tine black, red, green
vitreous or greasy
silky to dull earthy
imperfect adaman-
tine
amber-yellow,
brown yellow,
garnet-red, black
various browns
to yellow
yellowish, reddish,
blackish brown
adamantine when brown, black, red,
in crystals. i gray, whitish yellow
'
I,
■««.!> M I JMHI ■
YELLOWISH STKEAK.
25
Yellowish
( !OL0R.
mon-yellow
ilphur-yellow
tron to sulphur-
ellow
rown, yellow,
lack, red, green
mber-yellow,
Town yellow,
:arnet-red, black
rarious browns
o yellow
irellowish, reddish,
3lackish brown
brown, black, red,
gray, whitish yellow
Streak.
Streak. Tenacity.
Crystalline Fracture and Rkmarks.
System. Cleavage. ,
(paler than laminie Hex-
color)
yellow, red-
dish, greenish
ible
ortho. sub-sectile 0. 3-4. Electric.
! yellowish
reddish br'wn
brittle
yellow, brown y^jittlg
yellow
yellow brown , brittle
brownish yel-
low, ochre-
yellow
white, gray-
ish brown,
yellowish
brittle
brittle
ortho. sectile
ortho.
ISO.
! conch.
amorph.
compact
fibrous and
amorph.
ortho.
tetr.
(i.2.
(i. 3.
Bub-conch.,
uneven
(i. 3-9 to 4-2. Electric,
opaque.
G. 3-6. Often stalac-
titic ,
«. 4.
G. 6-4 to 7.8. Botry-
oidal and reniform.
■:
26
SUB-METALLIC MINERALS.
V. Oreen
No. Name.
98 ' Olaneonite
90 Johannite
100 ANITABEBGITE
101 MuBCOTite
102 Thuringite
j
103 Stilpnomelane
104 Oenthite
105 Malachite^
lOG Pieado-Malaohite
107 TTraninite
Hakdnkss.
Lustre.
Color.
I blacki8hgreen,olive
dull to glifltening | green, yellow green,
I gray greeu
2*25 vitreous
2-25
2-25
2-5
3-4
3-5
3-75
4-75
more or less pearly
ofscales, pearly; of
mass, dull, greasy
vitreous
adamantine, vitre-
ous
adamantine to vit-
reous
b-n greasy, pitch-like
emerald-green,
apple-green
apple-green
white, gray brown,
pale green, violet,
yellow, green, rose-
red.
olive-green, pista-
chio-green
black, green black,
yellow bronze,
green bronze
pale ai)ple-green,
yellowish
bright green
dark emerald,
blackish green
greenish, velvet-bl'k
I
'
V. Oreen
COLOB.
BckishgreeiiiOlive
een, yellow green,
ay greeu
nerald-green,
jple-green
>ple-green
hite, gray brown,
ale green, violet,
ellow, green, rose-
3d.
live-green, pista-
hio-green
•lack, green black,
'ellow bronze,
;reen bronze
)ale apple-green,
rellowish
bright green
dark emerald,
blackish green
greenish,velvet-bl'k
T
-^^fVaW!^■<^t^:i (y>^j'#;-^^g^^a*wm■«^^J^a.«Wl« - vofsmt&t,' '. ' ■m\
GREEN STREAK.
27
Streak.
Streak. 1 Tenacity.
CrYSTALLINeIFbACTURE AND; Remabkb.
System. Cleavage.
(same)
(paler than
color)
gr'nish white
colorlessjind
light green
(paler than
color)
(same)
^nish white
paler green
green (paler
than color)
olive-green,
bla'k, grayish
soft
amorph.
mono.
monocl.
mono.
G. 2 to 2-4. Granular.
G. 3. Bitter taste.
very tough ' amorph.
uneven
hex.
fragile
amo
G. 2-7. Usually in
scales.
G. 3-15.
' G. 3. Foliated or
fibrous.
, falls to pieces ^, „ _
brittle
monocl. uneven
ortho.
iso.
uneven - G. 4*3.
uneven
G. 3-5. Ck>lors flame
green.
G. 6-4. Infiisible.
^■» i' .JS8 ^S>i,:S:"
28
SUB-METALLIC MINERALS.
6. Blue
No.
Name. .Haronebs.
108 Vivianite
109 Chrysocolla
110
AZTTBITE
Lustre.
Color.
3-5
111 LAPIS LAZULI
l-.j pearly to vitreous ' white, dirty blue
;i vitreous, earthy
vitreous
adamantine
vitreous
laountain-green to
sky-blue
azure-blue,
Berlin-blue
Berlinlorazure-blue,
violet-blue, red,
green
■l^vt:K.rJtfrT^y
BLUE STREAK.
29
6. Blue
Color.
, dirty blue
tain-green to
lue
-blue,
i-blue
n^orazure-blue,
i-blue, red,
■
Streak.
Streak.
Tenacity.
CRYSTALUNKiFRACrURK ANI)| REMARKS.
System. Ci^avage.
blue white, Inminic
indigo-blue flexible
blue, pure [ sometimes
white brittle
(lighter than
color)
brittle
mono.
sectile
dichroic
(amorp.) ! sectile, conch
G. 2-7.
G. 2. Never fibrous.
mono.
ISO.
ionch. G. 3-5. Often earthy.
uneven G. 2*3
1
r
III. MINERALS OF WHITE
I. Very
No.
1
Name.
Hardness.
LCSTRE.
Color.
112
Leidyite
?
waxy, silky
green, bluish green
113
Smectite
very soft.
dull, streak shining
white, gray, green,
brownish
114
Talo
1
pearly
apple-green to
white, silver-white
115
J
Tsohermigite
(Ammonia Alum)
1
vitreous
white
116
CEBASGTRITE
1-2
resinous to adaman-
tine
pearl-gray, gray,
green, whitish
117
Pyrophyllite
1-5
pearly
white, green, gray,
yellowish
118
JBFTERISITE
1-5
pearly
brown, yeUow
119
ALUNOOEN
1-5
vitreous, silky
white tinged with
red or yellow
I
HITE
I. Very
Color.
bluish green
, gray, green,
lish
green to
, silver-white
gray, gray,
, whitish
, green, gray,
rish
1, yellow
tinged with
r yellow
OR GRAY STREAK.
J
Soft.
Tenacity.
Crystallink
System.
(amorn.)
clay-like
laminte, flex; ortho.
ible, not elastic
ISO.
ISO.
laminse, flex-
ible, not elastic
micaceous
(sub-transpa-
rent)
ortho,
ortho. (?)
monocl
Remarkh.
greasy
feel.
G. 2-5.
rent.
soluble.
Sub-tranapa-
G. 5-5. Streak silvery
shining.
G. 2-7. Greasy feeL
G. 2-3. Exfoliates pro-
digeously.
G. 1-6. Tastes like com-
mon alum.
-"^'-'^siJKSS'r???'"'
32
MINERALS OF WHITE OR GRAY STREAK.
No.
Name.
Hardnk8s. Lustre.
Color.
120 Arsenolite
121 Kaolinite
122 Sal Ammoniao
123 Mirabilite
124 GYPSUM
125 I ;ii isoovite
12«
NITRE
127 Halotriohite
128 Goslarite
12!) EFSOMITE
(Epsom salt)
1-75
]-5
vitreous, silky
175
pearly
1-75
vitreous
i 1-75
vitreous
pearly, shining,
sub- vitreous
pearly
vitreous
silky
vitreous
vitreous
white, pale yellow
white, fsray-white,
yellowish
white, yellowish,
grayish
white
white, gray, flesh-
red, honey-yellow,
ochre-yellow, blue
black, brown, red
white, gray, brown,
pale green, violet,
yellow, (rose red)
white
yellow white
white, bluish
reddish
white
Color.
hite, pale yellow
hite, f?ray-white,
ellowieh
hite, yellowish,
rayish
hite
rhite, gray, flesh-
ed, honey-yellow,
nhre-yellpw, blue
lack, brown, red
ifhite, gray, brown,
lale green, violet,
ellow, (rose red)
irhite
ellow white
vhite, bluish
eddish
vhite
1
VERY SOFT.
33
Tenacity.
('kykiallink
Systkm.
IBO.
scales are Ilex- q^jj,,,
ible, inelastic
soluble
ISO.
monocl.
monocl.
(lamina), flex- ^^^^^
ible, very tough)
brittle
pulverulent on
exposure
brittle
ortho.
ortho.
FRACrniK AND
("l.KAVAOE.
Kkmakks.
fibrous, tough
G. 3-6. Botryoidal or
stalactitic.
G. 2'4 to 20. Transpar-
ent to translucent.
' G. 1">. Taste saline,
pungent.
(transparent) ' G. 1-4. Taste cool then
(opaque) feebly saline and bitter
very distinct
G. 2'3. Transparent to
opaque.
(e^vsily split into g^^J J-^^P"*'"* ^"
laminie) , translucent.
G. 1'9. Taste saline and
(sub-transparent) cooling.
fibrous
Taste inky, astringent.
G. 2. Taste metallic,
astringent, nauseous.
G. 1-7. Bitter saline.
34
MINERALS OF WHITE OR GRAY STREAK.
No. Name.
130 Kalinite
(Potash alum)
131 Sepiolite
(Meerschaum)
132 Borax
133 Cerolite
134 Fenninite
135 Sucoinite
(Amber)
136
137
138
Hardness. Lcstrb.
Hydroziiioite
Bruoite
BIOTITE
Color.
22 vitreous
p..,- (smooth feel or
, clay-like)
2*2o vitreous, resinous
1 139 Halite
■ (Common salt)
2-25
2-25
2-25
2-26
2-5
2-5
2-5
resinous
pearly, vitreous
vitreous, resinous
dull
pearly, waxy and
vitreous
white
gray, white, yellow
or red tinge
white, grayish,
bluish
greenish, yellowish,
reddish, white
green less common,
red, yellow and
white
yellow, red, brown,
whitish
white, gray, yellow
white, gray, blue,
green
, , , , green to black,
splendent, pearly J^y^jy ^i^jte
vitreoua
white, yellowish,
reddish, bluish
:ak.
VERY SOFT.
35
Color.
Tenacity.
Crystallink
System.
white
gray, white, yellow
or red tinge
white, grayish,
bluish
greenish, yellowish,
reddish, white
green less common,
red, yellow and
white
yellow, red, brown,
whitish
white, gray, yellow
white, gray, blue,
green
green to black,
rarely white
white, yellowish,
reddish, bluish
(opaque)
brittle
ISO.
(feels greasy)
laminse flexible,
not elastic
(transparent)
(earthy, chalk-
like)
laminse flex-
ible
elastic
brittle
(compact)
monocl.
(amorph.)
rhom.
(amorph.)
(amorph.)
rhom.
hex.
ISO.
Fracture and
Cleavage.
KEMARK8.
conch.
conch.
perfect basal
sub-ch.
(sectile)
perfect
G. 17. Infusible, de-
crepitates.
in dry masses, floats on
water.
G. 1-7. Taste sweet a^'
line.
G. 2-3. Does n
to tongue.
G. 2-6 to 2-i ' Pseudo-
morphs aflci iiorn-
blende occur.
G. 1. Electric on firic-
tion.
G. 3-5 to 3-8.
G. 2-3.
G. 2-7 to 3-1.
G. 21. Decrepitates.
36
MINERALS OF WHITE OR GRAY STREAK.
No.
Name.
Hardness.! Lustre.
140 PHLOGOPITE
141 IGlauberite
142 Caledonite
143 Deweylite
144 Lepidolite
145 Chrysocolla
No.
146
147
148
149
Name.
Color.
2-5
2-5
. „. yellow, brown, br'n
pearly, sub-metaliici Jg^j^ green, white
vitreous
25 resinous
resinous
i 3
pearly
vitreous, also
earthy
yellow, gray (
green, blue green
white, yellow,
greenish, reddish
rose-red, yellow,
violet-gray, white
green to blue
II.
Hardness.
Serpentine
WULFENITE
AngloBite
CALCITE
2'5 to 4
275
Lustre.
2.75
greasy
resinous, adaman-
tine
adamantine, resin-
ous, vitreous
vitreous to earthy
Color.
green, red,
yellow
yellow, green,
brown, red
white, gray, red,
green, blue, violet,
yellow
K.
Color.
5) low, brown, br'n
!(l, green, white
allow, gray
reen, blue green
vhlte, yellow,
;reeni8h, reddish
•ose-red, yellow,
iriolet-gray, white
green to blue
Tenacity.
laminae tough,
elastic
Crystalline
System.
brittle
rather brittle
ortho.
monocl.
ortho.
very brittle amorp,
ortho.
brittle
SOFT,
Fracture and
Cleavage.
87
conch.
uneven
cryptocrys. sectile
Remarks.
G. 28. Sometimes
reflects light, copper-
like.
G. 2-6. Saline taste.
G. 0-4. Translucent.
G. 1'9 to 22. Looks like
gum arable or resin.
G. 2-8. Colors flame crim-
son.
G. 2. Botryoidal and
massive.
II.
Color.
green, red,
yellow
ellow. green,
yellow, gre(
brown, red
white, gray, red,
green, blue, violet,
yellow
Soft.
Tenacity.
brittle
very brittle
brittle
Crystalline
System.
ortho.
tetr.
ortho.
rhomb.
Fracture and
Cleavage.
splintery conch.
sub-conch.
conch.
conch.
Remarks.
G. 2*6. Often unctuous.
G. 6. Translucent.
G. 6-1. B. B. yields lead.
G. 2'5. Eflervesces with
acids.
38
MINERALS OF WHITE OR GRAY STREAK.
No.
Name.
Hardness. ! Losthe.
150 i ANHYDRITE
151
GELESTITE
Color.
152 BAKITE
163 Allophane
154 Stilpnomelane
165 cmussiTE
156 FTBOMORFHITE
157 Laumontite
168 StUbite
3-25
3-5
3-5
3-5
vitreous to pearly
vitreoiu
vitreous
vitreous to
resinous
pearly or vitreous
a«lamantine, vitre-
ous, resinous
resinous
vitreous
vitreous
wtiite to brick-red
white, faint blue,
reddish
white, tinted often
blue, green, yellow,
brown
black, yellow, green
white, gray, gray
black
green, yellow, br* wn
white to yellow,
gray
white, yellow,
brown, red
SOFT.
89
Color.
Tbnacity.
lite to brick-red
lite, faint blue,
Idish
liite, tinted often
ue, green, yellow,
rown
,ack, yellow, green
'bite, gray, gray
lack
reen, yellow, br* wn
yhite to yellow,
;ray
vhite, yellow,
jrown, red
very brittle
Crystalline
System.
very brittle
very brittle
brittle
ortho.
ortho.
ortho.
amorp.
cryBt
ortho.
hex.
not very brittle
brittle
mono.
ortho.
Fracture and
Cleavage.
uneven
conch., uneven
conch., shining
conch.
uneven
uneven
uneven
Remarks.
G. 2-8. Heated, gives no
water.
G. 3-9. B. B. crimson
color.
G. 4"3. Sometimes fetid
wlien rubbed.
G. 1"8. Translucent.
G. 3. Foliated or
velvety.
G. 64 Translucent.
G. 6'5. Decrepitates
sometimes.
G. 22 to 2-4. Readily
crumbles.
G. 2. Translucent.
40
MINERALS OF V^HITE OR GRAY STREAK.
No.
159
IGO
161
162
163
Name.
Scorodite
Strontianite
Witherite
AEAGONITE
Hardness.
SPAHLEMTE 35
(Blende)
164 DOLOMITE
165 FLXJOBITE
166
167
Siderite
Triphylite
3-5
3-5
3-5
8-5
Lustre.
Color.
vitreous, sub-
adamantine, sub-
resinous
vitreous
vitreous
vitreous
resinous, adaman-
tine
3*5 to 4 vitreous
vitreous; some-
times splendent
vitreou*
sub-reslnouB
pale leek-green,
liver-brown
green, white, gray,
yellow
white, yellow, gray
white, gray, yellow,
green, violet
brown, yellow .bl'k,
red, green, white
white, red, green,
brown, gray, black
white, yellow, gre'n,
rose, blue, brown
ash-gray, yellow
gray, brown, green,
white
green, gray, bluish
SAK.
Color.
pale leek-green,
liver-brown
green, white, gray,
yellow
white, yellow, gray
white, gray, yellow,
green, violet
brown, yellow .bl'k,
red, green, white
white, red, green,
brown, gray, black
white, yellow, gre'n,
rose, blue, brown
ash-gray, yellow
gray, brown, green,
white
green, gray, bluish
42
MINEEALS OF WHITE OR GRAY STREAK.
ITT, Medium Hardness, |W
Ko.
Name.
Hardness.
Lustre.
Color.
("RY
s
168
Margarite
4
pearly, vitreons
gray, yellowiBh,red-
dish white ,
ortl
169
Magnesite
4
vitreous
•white, yellowish,
gray white, brown
rho
170
CHabazite
4-6
vitreous
white, flesh red 1 rho
171
Apophyllite
4-5
vitreous
white, grayish 1 teti
172
Wollastonite
4-75
vitreous
white to gray, yel-
low, red, brown
mo
173
CALAMINE
4-75
vitreous, adaman-
tine
white, yellow to
brown '
ort
174
Moi'denite
6
highly silky
white, yellowish
175
APATITE
5
vitreous to sub-
resinous
green, blue, white,
yellow
he
176
CoBrnleoIaotite
5
vitreous
blue, greenish blue ^J"!
177
SMITHSONlTE
5
vitreous
white, gray, green,
brown '^
17S
DatoUte
6-26
vitreous
gray, green, yellow,
rod*
179
Enstatite
5-5
pearly to vitreous
gray white, green 1
white 1
180
Pyroxene
., '■
5-5
vitreous
^een to white,
green to black
m
lEAK.
Lin Hardness,
Color.
gray, yellowish, red-
dish ' ■
white
white, yellowish,
gray white, brown
white, flesh red
white, grayish
white to gray, yel-
low, red, brown
white, yellow to
brown
white, yellowish
green, blue, white,
yellow
blue, greenish blue
white, gray, green,
brown
gray, green, yellow,
red.
gray white, green
white
^een to white,
green to black
MEDIUM HARDNESS.
White Streak.
("rystallink
System.
Fkacturis and
Cleavage.
ortho.
rhomb.
rhomb.
tetr.
mono.
ortho.
hex.
urypto-crys-
talline.
rhomb.
mono.
ortho.
mono.
conch.
uneven
uneven ;
sometimes
very tough
uneven
brittle
uneven
uneven to
conchoidal
uneven.
uneven
uneven
1
Remarks.
G. 2-9. Laminse brittle.
G. 3. Opaque, transparent.
G. 2. Brittle.
G. 2-3. Brittle, transparent.
G. 27. Fibrous structure.
G. 31. Brittle.
G. 2. Concretionary.
G. 2"9. Transparent, brittle.
G. 2-65 to 2-6.
G. 4. Brittle.
G. 2-8. Brittle.
G. 3-1.
G. 3-2. Brittle.
43
1
■ l i l l MUMIIB --
44
MINERALS OF WHITE OR GRAY STREAK.
IV. Hard.
Name.
No,
181 ANDAIUSITE
182 Natrolite
183 Ekebergite
184 LAZTTLITE
185 WILLEMITE
186 Thomsonite
187 Analcite
188 Brookite
189 Enstatite
190 TITANITE
191 PYROXEITE
I Hakdness., Lustre.
Color.
3-7
5-5
5-5
5-5
5-5
5-6
5-5
5-5
5-5
5-5
5-5
vitreous
vitreous
vitreous, pearly,
greasy
vitreous
vitreous to resinous; green, brown
whitish, red, gray>
green
white, grayish,
yellow, red
white, gray, bluish,
reddish
azure-blue,
greenish blue
white, yellow,
.br
vitreous
vitreous
metallic,
adamantine
, vitreous,
metalloidal
adamantine,
resinous
vitreous, resinous
snow-white, brown
white, gray, green,
yellow
hair-brown,
yellowish
gray yellow,
green white
brown, gray, black,
yellow, green
green to white,
green to black
^
Cki
ort
ort
tet
mc
rhi
on
lac
or
01
m
""IBfi
MM
:reak.
HARD.
46
IV. Hard.
White Streak.
Color.
Ckystalline I
System.
•"kactukk and
Cleavage.
Remarks.
whitish, red, gray,
green
ortho.
uneven
G. 3. Having cross in transverse section.
white, grayish,
yellow, red
ortho.
G. 2'1. Transparent.
white, gray, bluish,
reddish
tetr.
G, 27. Resembles Wernerite.
azure-blue,
greenish blue
mono.
uneven
G. 3. Sub-transparent, brittle.
OUB
white, yellow,
green, browu "
rhomb.
conch.
G. 3-8. Transparent, brittle.
snow-white, browu
ortho.
uneven
G. 2-3. Pyro-electric, brittle.
white, gray, green,
yellow
iso.
sub-conch.
G. 2-2. Brittle.
hair-brown,
yellowish
ortho.
G. 4*1. Brittle.
>
gray yellow,
green white
ortho
prismatic,
fibrous
G. 31. Resembles amphibole and pyroxene.
brown, gray, black,
yellow, green
mono.
brittle
G. 3-4. Transparent, opaque.
US
green to white,
green to black
mono.
conch.,
uneven
G. 3-2. Brittle.
•KtmammitssmMeiei
4fi
MINERALS OF WHITE OR GRAY STREAK.
!
Na
Namu.
102 AMFHIBOLE
193 ' Hypenthene
104 Ootahedrite
195 Cyanite
106 OPAL
197 Amblygonite
198 Sodalit0
199 Rhodonite
200 Chloritoid
201 Torquois
202 ZOISITE
Hardness.
ly'o
5-5
5-5
0-(
LUSTRB.
Color.
vitreoas; often
silky
4vhite to black,
through green
.. brown, green, gray
pearly ; sometimes black, pinchbeck
metalloidal hmwn
metallic,
adamantine
vitreous
vitreous, pearly
brown to blue,
black
blue, white, gray,
green, black
white, yellow, red,
brown, green
Ci
sea-green, white,
6 i vitreous to greasy brownish
vitreous, greasy
vitreous
pearly
waxy, feeble
pearly
gray, blue, brown
brownish red
greenish, yellowish
gray, green gray,
green black
sky-blue, bine
green, apple-green
white, gray, yellow,
brown
REAK.
HARD.
47
Color.
4vhite to black,
through green
brown, green, gray
' black, pinchbeck
brown
I
brown to blue,
black
blue, white, gray,
green, black
white, yellow, red,
brown, green
sea-green, white,
brownish
gray, blue, brown
brownish red
greenish, yellowish
gray, green gray,
green black
sky-blue, bine
green, apple-green
white, gray, yellow,
brown
Crystalline Fractubk and
System. Cleavage.
mono.
ortho.
tetr.
tricl.
amorp.
tricl.
ISO.
trie.
sub-conch.,
uneven
mono., tri. brittle
sub-conch.
uneven
uneven
conch.,
uneven
reniform,
massive
ortho.
conch.
Remarks.
G. 2'0. Frequently columnar, also fibrous.
6. 3*3, Resembles enstatite.
G. .3-8. Brittle.
G. 3'4. Crystals, blue centers white margins.
G. 1"9. Sometimes rich play of colors by
reflected light.
G. 3. Translucent.
G. 2-3. Decomposed by HCl.
G. 3-4. Tough.
G. 3*5. Strongly dichroic.
G. 2'6. False turquois is softer.
G. 3*1. Transparent, translucent.
ils
48
MINERALS OF WHITE OR GRAY STREAK.
No.
Namk.
HARUNB88.i • Lustre.
COLOK.
203 LABRADORITE i u
2()4
205
206
207
208
vitreouB,
Hub-resinouB
ORTHOCLASE « ' vitreous
ALBITE
OLIGOCLASE
DIASFORE
SFODUMENE
vitreous
gray, brown, green
white, gray, green
white; Hometimes
blue, gray, green
white to grayish,
waxy to vitreous ^^j^.^j^ »
(i "i ' vitreous
Oo I pearly
white, brown,
yellow
gray green
V. Very Hard
No.
Name.
HARDNES.S.
Lustre.
Color.
209
Allanite
6
Bub.metallic,
pitchy
brown to blai-k
210
FREHinTE
fi-5
vitreous
light green i-o gray
211
EFIDOTE
6-5
vitreous, resinous
green to black
'iff-.
{ STREAK.
VERY HARD,
4U
COLOK.
white ; sometimes
blue, gray, green
white to grayish,
°"* reddish
white, brown,
yellow
gray green
V. Very Hard
lOUS
Color.
brown to black
light green i-c gray
green to black
Crystalline
System.
gray, brown, green ■ trie.
white, gray, green ■ mono.
trie.
trie
ortho.
mono.
Fracture and
Cleavaoe.
right angled
and conch, to
uneven
uneven
conch, to
uneven
very brittle
uneven
White Streak.
Remarks.
O 2*6. Translacent.
G. 24. Transparent to translucent.
G, 2-5.
G. 2-6.
Both have striated surfaces.
G, 33, When thin, translucent.
G. 3-1. Translucent.
Crystalline
System.
FraCTURK AM)
Cleavaoe.
Remarks.
mono.
uneven
G, 3. Opaque, brittle.
ortho.
uneven
G. 2*8. Pyro-electric
mono.
...
uneven
G. 3-2. Brittle.
mmimmmmmmmmmmmimmmmmm
60
MINERALS OF WHITE OR GRAY STREAK.
No.
212
213
214
215
210
217
218
Nabib.
CHALCEDONY
Hardness.
* LUSTRB.
COLOK.
C-5
CHRONDKOBITE 6
BTJTILE
CASSITEBITE
Fibrolite
Yesayianite
219 aUARTZ
220
GARNET
221 Azinite
222
TOURMALINE
6-5
«-5
05
CHRYSOLITE | o
0-5
waxy
vitreous, resinous
metallic, adaman-
tine
adamantine
vitreous to sub-ada-
mantine
vitreous
vitreous
vitreous
vitreous, resmous
highly glassy
vitreous
white, gray, brown,
blue
white, yellow,
brown,
red, brown
brown, black
brown, white,
green
green
brown, green,
yellow, blue
colorless, many
shades
red, brown, yellow,
^reen, black
brown, blue, gray
black, (blue, red,
green)
Cr
crj
01
tet
tet
m<
or
tel
h(
van.
tr
b
EAK.
VERY HARD.
51
Color.
white, gray, brown,
blue
white, yellow,
'jrown,
red, brown
brown, black
brown, white,
green
green
brown, green,
yellow, blue
colorless, many
shades
Crystalline
System.
Fracture and
Cleavage.
black, (blue, red,
green)
crypto-cryst,
ortho.
teta:.
tetr.
mono.
ortho.
tetr.
hex.
red, brown, yellow, _ j^^^
^reen, black
brown, blue, gray ■ trie.
1
sub-conch,
uneven
uneven
sub-conch,
uneven
i^EMARKS.
conch.
sub-conch,
uneven
couch.
sub-conch,
uneven
conch.
hex. uneven
Transparent, translucent.
G. 3*1. Transparent, sub-transparent.
G.4-1. Brittle
G.6-4. Brittle.
Q. 3-2. Transparent to translucent.
G. 3*3. Transparent, translucent.
G. 3*3. Streak uncolored, sometimes dichroic.
G. 2*5. Transparent, opaque, brittle.
G. 3"1. Transparent, brittle.
G.3-2. Trichroic, brittle.
G. 2"9. Pyroelectric, dichroic.
I
52
MINERALS OF WHITE OR GRAY STREAK.
I
Name.
No.
223 lolite
224 Schorlomite
225 ANSALUSITE
226 StauTolite
227 Zircon
228 BEBTL
229 SPINEL
230 TOPAZ
231 CHEYSOBEEYL
232 OOBUNDTJM
233 DIAKOND
Hakdness.
7-25
7-25
7-5
7-5
7-5
7-75
Lustre.
8-5
10
vitreous
vitreous
vitreous
Bub-vitreouB to
resinous
adamantine
COLOB.
blue
black
whitish, red, violet,
green
reddish-brown,
brown, black,
yellow-brown
colorless, brown,
yellow, gray
jmerald-green,
vitreous, resinoab ^j^^ yellow
vitreous
vitreous
vitreous
vitreous
red, blue, green,
yellow
yellow, white,
green, blue
brilliant, adaman-
tine
green
blue, red, yellow,
brown, gray
white, colorless,
tinged sometimes
01
ai
01
REAK.
VERY HARD.
63
GOLOB.
blue
black
whitish, red, violet,
green
reddish-brown,
brown, black,
yellow-browu
colorless, brown,
yellow, gray
omerald-green,
blue, yellow
red, blue, green,
yellow
yellow, while,
green, d1o«
green
blue, red, yellow,
brown, gray
white, colorless,
tinged sometimes
Crystai-line
System.
ortho.
amorph.
ortho-
ortho.
tetr.
hex.
ISO.
ortho.
ortho.
rhom.
iso.
Fracture and
Cleavage.
Bu1>conch.
conch.
sub-conch.,
uneven
conch.
conch-
conch.,
uneven
conch.
conch.,
uneven
conch.,
uneven
conch.
Remarks.
G.2*5. Pleochroic.
G. 3-8. Often irised, tarnished.
G. 3. Sub-translucent.
G. 34. Translucent.
G. 4. Transparent, opaque.
G. 20. Transparent, brittle.
G. 3-5. Transparent.
conch., Q 2-4. Pyroelectric.
uneven
G. 3-6. Transparent.
G. 3-9. Very tough.
G. 3-52. Electric when rubbed.
SUPPLEMENTARY
MINERALS OF LOW LUSTRE
Name.
MirbaUte
(Glauber Bait)
Sal Ammoniac
Nitre
Altinog^en
Halotriohite
Borax
L EASILY DISSOLVED IN
Hakdness.
1-5
1-5
Tastk.
2-25
cool, then feebly saline and bitter.
saline, pungent (not deliquescent).
saline, cooling.
like common alum.
inky-astringent
sweet-alkaline, feeble.
ENTARY
'■ LUSTRE
DISSOLVED m
Taste.
ly saline and bitter.
t (not deliquescent).
ilum.
tt
t, feeble.
TABLES.
AND COLORLESS STREAK.
WATER OR VINEGAR.
Nahk.
Horenosite
Qoslarite
Epsomite
(Epsom salt)
Ealinite
Halite
(Salt)
Glauberite
Hardness.
Taste.
2-5
metallic-astringent.
2-5 metallic-astringent, nauseous.
2-5
2-5
2-5
bitter, saline.
like common alum.
2-75
purely saline.
slightly saline.
56
MINERALS OF LOW LUSTRE
n. Not Soluble.
Name.
Hardnkss.
Fusibility,
HydT02dncite
2-5
infasible.
■
Galedonite
2-75
easily fusible.
Caloitd
3
infasible.
Cenusite
3
on charcoal easily rednces to lead.
Witherite
3-75
easily fusible.
Strontianite
3-7S
fusible with difficulty.
^ot Soluble.
niLITY,
y rednces to lead.
culty.
AND COLORLESS STREAK.
67
EfiFervescing with Acid.
Name.
Aragonite
Dolomite
Siderite
Magnesite
Smithgonite
Haudness.
FUSIDILITY.
infusible.
4 ! infusible (effervesces sparingly).
fusible with difficulty, dissolves in
hot acid.
4r) infusible.
infusible.
I
■( '\
1 1
\\i
I 1
58
MINERALS OF LOW LUSTRE
m. Insoluble. Not
A. YIBLDINa WATER WHEN
PULVKRIZED.
In the Flame.
Volatile or Fusible.
Im Hot on Cold, Dilute or Concentrated Acm.
Completely and promptly dissolved
Completely, not easily dissolved
Completely and readily dissolved with separation
of gelatinous silica
Completely and readily dissolved with separation
of pulverulent or semi-gelatinous silica
Dissolved with diflaculty, silica separating out
Only partially decomposed or dissolved
Insoluble or but very slightly acted upon
Name.
Hard-
ness.
Apophyllite
Natrolite
475
5-2i5
Succinite
2-5
i;
Mote.— Minerals indicated by (A)
1
AND COLORLESS STREAK.
5fl
toluble. Not
I- WATBB WHEN
In the Flame.
(LATIIiE OR FUSIDLE.
Name.
)phyllite
.rolite
3cinite
Hard-
MliSS.
475
5-25
2-5
-Miuerals indicated by (A)
i;
Effervescing with Acids.
HBATBD IN OLOSBD TUBS.
1
Before the Blowpipe.
Fasily Fdsidle.
Name.
Hard
NESS.
Fusible with Difficulty.
Name.
Hard-
ness.
Annabergite
Scorodite
Gypsnm
laumontite
Datolite
Thomsonite
Allanite
Stilbite
Chabazite
Smectite
Prehnite (A)
Carpholite (A)
2-25
3-5
35
5
5-25
6
3-75
4-5
1-25
6-5
Infusible.
Name.
Deweylite
Serpentine
Stilpnomelane
Bastite
Aealmatolite
Ripidolite
Picrolite
Chloritoid
2-5
3-5
3-75
2-5
2-25
4
5-75
Brucite
Wavellite
Diasporo
Chrosocolla
AUophane
Calamine
Hydrophite
Serpentine
Kaolinite
Pyrophyllite (A)
Hallyosite
Lazulite (A)
Cerolite
Carnat
Turquois
Hard-
ness.
2-5
3-5
fl-5
3
3-25
4-75
2.6
1
1-5
2
5-5
2-25
2-5
6
exfoliate, swell up or gelatinize.
MINERAI^ OF LOW LUSTRE
B. YIBLDINO lilTTLB OR NO WATBR
PULVEHIZED.
In the Flame.
In Hot ob Cold, Dilute or Concentrated Acid.
Completely and easily soluble
Completely but with difficulty soluble
Readily diasolved with separation of gelatinous
silica
RcndiVy dissolved with separation of pulverulent
silica, lead chloride or tungstic acid
Volatile on Fusible.
Name.
Arsenelite
Amblygonite
Insv/.able or but slightly acted upon
Cerargyrite
Lepidolite
Hard-
ness.
1-5
It
1
2.5
i
1
ir
c<
I
BLOW PIPE TESTS.
ORES OF GOLD.
Native Gold.— Combination of Au. and Ag. in variable proportions,
sometimes with traces of Fe. and Cu. It usually occurs in variously
contorted and branched filaments, in scales, in plates, or in small, irreg-
ular masses.
On Ch., fuses to a globule which after cooling has a bright metallic
surface. With S. Ph. in O. Fl. a bead is formed which opallzes on
cooling, or becomes opaque and yellow, according to the amount of
silver which it contains.
Resists the action of heated concentrated nitric acid; soluble only in
aqua regia.
Sylvanite [Graphic Tellurium] — AgAuTe,.
In an open glass tube, yields a white sublimate which, when played
upon with the flame, fuses to transparent drops. On Ch. fuses to a dark-
gray globule, depositing at the same time a white Ct. which, when
touched with the R. FL, disappears, tinging the flame bluish-green. It
finally affords a light-yellow malleable globule of metallic lustre.
Soluble in aqua regia, leaving a residue of chloride of silver. The
solution gives a white precipitate with water.
si
X
_L
s.
riable proportions,
ccurs in variously
or in small, irreg-
a bright metallic
vhich opalizes on
to the amount of
d ; soluble only in
liich, when played
'h. fuses to a dark-
Ct. which, when
e bluish-green. It
llic lustre,
je of silver. The
ORES OP SILVER.
Native Silver.— Pure silver, associated with gold, copper, arsenic,
iron, and other metals. Occurs usually in twisted filaments, or arbores-
cent ; sometimes in plates or massive.
On Ch., fuses easily to a globule, which assumes a bright surface, and
shows after cooling a silver-white color. Foreign metals are detected by
assaying in a cupel.
It dissolves in nitric acid.
Dyscrasite [Antimonial Silver].— Ag,Sb. and Ag,Sb. H= 3.5—4-
= 9.4—9.8.
On Ch., fuses readily to a gray r >n-ductile globule and coats the Ch.
with oxide of antimony ; with continued heat the globule assumes the
appearance of pure silver, and the Ct. becomes reddish.
Dissolves in nitric acid, leaving a residui f oxid • of antimony.
Oerargyrite [Horn Silver].— AgCl. 5-2 Per ce"'- Ag. It turns
brown on exposure to air. When rubb a nth a moistened plate of zinc
or iron the latter becomes cov .-d with a coating f silver. The streak
is shining.
It fuses in a candle-flame. On Ch., is easily reduced, especially when
mixed with Sd. Mixed with oxide of copper and heated en Cii. in R.
Fl., chloride of copper is formed, which colors the flame azure-blue.
Insoluble in water and nitric acid. Slowly soluble in caustic ammonia.
Partially decomposed by a boiling solution of caustic potassa.
Argentite [Silver Glanct].— AgS. 87.1 per cent. Ag. It is easily
distinguished from other minerals of the same color by being cut by a
knife like lead.
On Ch. in O. FL, intumesces, gives out sulphurous acid, and finally
yields a globule of metallic silver.
Solub'.e in dilute nitric acid, leaving a residue of sulphur.
Pyrargynv^ ;T)ark-red Silver Ore].— 3AgS, SbS^. 59.9 per cent. Ag.
In a matraso, iuses very readily and yields with continued heat a
r,ublimate of tersulphide of antimony. In an open glass tube, gives
antimonial fumes and sulphurous acid. On Ch., fuses readily and
deposits i. Ct. of antimonous oxide, being converted into sulphide of
sib ir , if for a long time exposed to the O. Fl., or, when mixed with Sd.,
in the R. Fl., affords a globule of roetallic silver.
1
64
BLOW PIPK TESTS.
Part of the SbSj is sometimes substituted by AsSj ; it then gives out
arsenical fumes when mixed with Sd. and heated in the R. Fi. on Ch.
The pulverized mineral, when heated with nitric acid, turns black, and
is ultimately dissolved, leaving a residue of sulphur and antiraonous acid.
Caustic potassa also blackens it and effects partial solution, from which
acids precipitate tersulphide of antimony.
Proustite [Light-red Silver Ore].— 3AgS, AsjSs. 65.4 per cent. Ag.
Before the Blp. and to solvents, behaves like the preceding, excepting
it gives off arsenical fumes instead of antimonous oxide. The solution in
caustic potassa deposits a yellow precipitate when neutralized with acids.
Stephanite [Brittle Silver Ore].— sAgS, SbA. 68.5 per cent. Ag.
In a matrass, decrepitates, then fuses and ultimately yields a faint
sublimate of tersulphide of antimony. On Ch., fuses very readily and
coats the Ch. with antimonous acid. If the blast with the O. Fl. is kept
up lot <i aUiiiCitiiit iiiiiC| liiv v-'w. Uhi^uiii^a m> *\*v* '».,wi*.>* ^--iw »* Q*.wi.*i-4.— --*.
metallic silver is obtained. Contains frequently copper and iron, which
may be detected by appropriate tests. If arsenic is present it gives in
the open tube a crystalline sublimate of arsenious acid
In dilute heated nitric acid it dissolves, excepting the sulphur and
antimonous oxide; the solution becomes milky on addition of water.
Partially dissolved by a boiling solution of caustic potassa.
Polybasite.— 9(Ag, CuOS + (Sb As),s,.
In a matrass, fuses very rc-adily, out gives nothing volatile. In an
open tube, gives sulphurous acid and antimonial fumes ; the sublimate
contains sometimes crystals of arsenous acid. On Ch., gives a Ct. of
oxide of antimony ; with continued heat, gives a bright metallic globule,
which, on cooling, becomes black on its surface ; sometimes a faint Ct.
of oxide of zinc is deposited \ the metallic globule affords with fluxes the
reaction of silver and copper.
Stromeyerite [Argentiferous Sulphide of Copper].— Cu,S. + AgS.
53 per cent. Ag, 31.2 per cent. Cu.
In a matrass, fuses easily and gives sometimes a little sulphur. In an
open tube, fuses to a globule and gives sulphurous acid. On Ch., fuses
to a gray metallic globule which is a little malleable ; with fluxes the
globule gives the reactions of copper, sometimes also those of iron ; on
a cupel with lead affords a globule of silver.
Dissolves in nitric acid, leaving a residue of sulphur.
ilJ ,i
3 ; it then gives out
:he R. Fi. on Ch.
cid, turns black, and
nd antimonous acid,
solution, from whicl.
65.4 per cent. Ag.
preceding, excepting
ide. The solution in
mtralized with acids.
68.5 percent. Ag.
lately yields a faint
uses very readily and
ith the O. Fl. is kept
ni' nr»r^ o nr1r%Kiil^ f\f
pper and iron, which
is present it gives in
:id
ing the sulphur and
1 addition of water.
)Otassa.
ling volatile. In an
umes ; the sublimate
iCh.
gives
a Ct. of
ight metallic globule, .
sometimes a faint Ct.
affords with fluxes the
iper].— Cu,S. + AgS.
little sulphur. In an
acid. On Ch., fuses
able; with fluxes the
Iso those of iron ; on
hur.
BLOW PIPE ASSAY.
65
BLOW PIPE ASSAY.
SILVER AND GOLD ORES.
The ore is reduced to a fine powder, mixed with vitrified borax and
metallic lead (the quantities of which altogether depend upon the nature
of the substance, and for which, therefore, no general rule can be given),
and the mass placed in a cylindrical hole of the Ch. A powerful R. Fl.
is given until the metals have united to a button, and the slag appears
free from metallic globules. The flame is now converted into an O. Fl.
and directed principally upon the button. Sulphur, arsenic, antimony,
and other very volatile substances, are volatilized ; iron, tin, cobalt, and
a little copper and nickel become oxidized and are absorbed by the flux ;
silver and gold and the greater pari of the copper anvi niCiCCi remain 'viti.
the lead (and bismuth, if present). When all volatile substances are
driven off, the lead begins to become oxidized and the button assumes a
rotary motion; at this period the blast is discontinued, the assay is
allowed to cooi, and when perfectly cold the lead button is separated from
the glass by sonje slight strokes with a hammer. It is now placed on a
cupel of bone-ash and treated with the O. Fl. until it again assumes a
rotary motion. If much copper or nickel is present, the globule becomes
covered witl) a thick infusible crust, which prevents the aimed-at oxida-
tion; in this case another small piece of pure lead has to be added. The
blast is kept up until the whole of the lead and other foreign metals, viz.,
copper and nickel, are <ixidized ; this is indicated by the cessation of the
rotary movement, if only little silver is present, or by the appearance of
all the tints of the rainbow over the whole surface of the button, if the
ore was very rich in silver ; after a few moments it takes the look of pure
silver. The oxides of lead, copper, etc., are absorbed by the bone-ash,
and pure silver, or an alloy of silver, with other noble metals, remains
behind; the button maybe tested for gold by dissolving in nitric acid.
The chloride of silver can be reduced on coal with soda to met alii i:
silver.
i
— — t-li
SCALE OF HARDNESS.
67
THE SCALE OF HARDNESS.
As introduced by Mohs, and enlarged by Breithaupt, is as follows:
1. Talc; common laminated light-green variety.
2. Gypsum ; crystalline variety.
3. Calcite; transparent variety.
4. Fluorite; crystalline variety.
5. Apatite ; transparent variety.
6. Orthoclase; white cleavable variety.
7. Quartz; transparent.
8. Topaz; transparent.
9. Corundum ; cleavable varieties.
10. Diamond.
To test the hardness of a mineral we may proceed in two different
manners; firstly, by attempting to scratch it with the minerals enumerated
in the scale, successively ; or, secondly, by abrasion with a file. If the
file abrades the mineral under trial with the same ease as No. 4, and
produces aa equal depth of abrasion with the same force, its hardness is
said to be 4, If with more facility than 4, but less than 5, the hardness
may be 4.2 or 4.3- Several successive trials should be made to obtain
certain results ; and, when practicable, both methods should be employed.
A set of minerals, representing the scale of hardness, being not always
at hand, it will be useful to give a series of substitutes for them, as
arranged by Mr. Chapman :
1. Yields easily to the nail.
2. Yields with difficulty to the nail, or merely receives an impression
from it. Does not scratch a copper coin.
3. Scratches a copper coin ; but, is also scratched by it, being of about
the same degree of hardness.
4. Not scratched by a copper coin ; does not scratch glak.
5. Scratches glass, though with difficulty, leaving its powder upon it.
Yields readily to the knife.
6. Scratches glass easily. Yields with difficulty to the knife.
7. Does not yield to the knife. Yields to the edge of a file, though
with difficulty.
8. 9, 10. Harder than flint.
il
ABBREVIATIONS.
ABBREVIATIONS.
iso. — isometric.
tetr. — tetrj^onal.
mono. — monoclinic
ortho. — orthorhombic.
rh.— rhomboidal .
hex. — hexagonal.
cryst- — crystalline-
amorph. — amorphous.
G.— Specific Gravity.
prism. — prismatic.
conch. — conchoidal.
tricl.— triclinic.
Ch. — Charcoal.
O. Fl.— Oxidizing Flame.
R. Fl.— Reducing Flame.
Ct. — Coating.
Sd.— Carbonate of Soda.
S. Ph.— Salt of Phosphorus.
Blp.— Blow Pipe.
i
1
SYNOPSIS OF AREANGEMENT.
71
SYNOPSIS OF ARRANGEMENT.
Minerals of Metallic Lustre 7
Red 7
Yellow 7
White 9
Gray H
Black 15
Minerals of Semi-Metallic Ordinary Lustre 19
Black Streak 19
Brown " • - 21
Red « 23
Yellow " 25
' Green " 27
Blue " 29
Minerals of Non-Metallic Lustre, White or Gray Streak 31
Very Soft. 31
Soft 37
Medium Hardness 43
Hard 45
Very Hard 49
Auxiliary Table for Determination of Minerals of Non-Metallic Lustre and
Ck)lorlesB Streak, Soluble in Water 55
Insoluble in Water, effervescing with Hydrochloric Acid 57
Insoluble in Water, not effervescing with Acids 59
Yield Water when heated • 59
Yield little or no Water when heated 61
Blow Pipe Tests for Gold and Silver Ores 62
Blow Pipe Assay 65
Scale of HardneaS" 67
'■^^
■\
INDEX.
PAOX.
Agalmatolite 59
Albite 48, 61
Allanite 48, 59, 61
AUophane 38,69
Altahe •- 8
Alunogen 30,54
Ambl3rgonito 46, GO
Amphibole 46
Analcite- y^ 44
Andaiusite 44, o-, Gi
Analesite 36,61
Anhydrite 38,61
Annabergite 26, 59
Anthracite 1°
Antimony °
Apatite 42,61
Apophjrllite 42,58
Aragonite 40, o7
Argentite ^^> q
Arsenic •••• °
Arsenolite /..32, 00
Arsenopyrite 10
Asphaltam 1°
Autunite •" 24
Axinite 'no
Azurite 22
Barite 38,61
Bastite 59
Berthierite 1?
Beryl 52, 61
Biotite 34
Bismuth °
Bismithinite 12
Blende 18, 20, 24, 40
Borax 34, 54
Bornite ^
Braunite 1°
Breithauptite °
Brookite 44
Brown coal 20
Brucite • ...34,59
PIOX.
Calamine 42,59
Caledonite 36, 56
Calcite 36,56
Carnat 59
Carpholite 59
Cassiterite 20,24,48
Celestite 38,61
Cerargyrite 30, 60, 63
CerohTe • 34, 59
CerussitG • 3-, ^
Chabazite"i."i!iiii." 42^59
Chalcedony 50,61
Chalcopyrite 6
Chalocite 12
Chiastolite «1
Chloritoid 46,59
Chromite 16
Chrondrodite. 50
Chrysolite 50, 61
Chrysocolla 20, 22, 28, 36, 59
Chrysoberl 52, 61
Cinnabar 22
Coal, brown 20
Coal, mineral.. 18
Coeruleolactite 42
Coloradoite 14
Copper 6
Corundum 52,61
Cuprite .' 22
Cyanite 46,01
Datolite 42, 59
Dewezlite 36, 59
Diamond 52,61
Diaspore •" 48, 59
Dolomite 40,57
Domeykite 8
Dyocrasite 12,63
Ekebergite 44, 61
Electrum »
Enargite 14
74
INDEX.
PAOB.
Enstatite 42, 44
Epidote 48,61
EpBOinite ^^»!S
Ervthrite
22
Faasaite -; 6}
Fibrolite 50, 61
Fluorite 40,61
Franklinite Hi,iV
Galenite •" J.2
Garnet ^' «i
Genthite f«
Geredorffite ••;• 10
Glauberite ^». ^
Glanconito •• ^"
Gold --Ml
GoBlarite 32,56
Goethite 20,24
Graohite ;• ii
Gypsum ^^ »"
Halite 34,55
Halloysite ••• 5J
Halotrichite 32, 54
Hausmannite •••••••• l»
Hematite H 1». ^
Hepatic Cinnabar 2U
Hessite • ^
Homichlin j*
Hydrophite •••• ^J
Hydroaincite ^*. °^
Hypersthene 46
lolite .....' 18.52,61
Iridosmine i"
Iron
FAOR.
Magneeite ••• 57
Magnetite l». -i-
Malachite 26
Manganite ••• 16
Margarite 42, 61
Melaconite 1||
Mercury -
Millerite
Mimetite
Mineral Ck>al ••••
Mirabilite 32,
Molybdenite
Mordenite
Morenosite
8
(>
61
18
64
10
42
55
Muscovite 20, 32, 61
Natrolite 44, 58
Niccolite •■; '*
Nitre 32,54
Octahedrite 46,61
Oligoclase 48, 61
Omphacite ••• «»1
Opa) 46,61
Orpiinent •• ^:*
Orthoclose 48,61
14
Jeflferisite .
Johannite ■
30
26
Kalinite 34,55
Kaolinite 32,59
Labradorite 48,61
Lapis Lazuli • • • ^»
Laumontite ^o> °'*
Lazulite 44,59
Lead 10
Leidyite •••• f^
Lepidolite 36,00
Leucopyrite •'•• i»
Limonite ^f ^*
Ozocerite .
20
24
24
IS
36
59
12
Palagonite
Penninite
Petzite,
Phlogopite
Picrolite
Platinum ,. „.
Polybasite 14.64
PreWte 48,59
Proustite ^A 9^
Pseudomalachite ••• ^»
Psilomelane 1°. ^
Pyrargyrite -^A"^
Pyrite..; «
Pyrolusite •••• ^.V
Pyromorphite ^°. "!■
Pyrophyflite •■••■30,59
Pyroxene *■'> *^»"!:
Pyrrhotite • "
Quartz .
.50,61
Rhodonite.
Ripidolite •;-•■"
Rutile..» 20,00,
61
61
'
I
FAOB.
57
10, 42
20
16
42, fil
10
„ 8
(>
61
18
32, 64
10
42
55
20, 32,61
44,58
6
32,64
46,(51
48,61
01
40,61
24
48,61
20
24
24
18
36
59
12
14, 64
48,59
22,64
, 26
18, 20
22,63
6
10
38,61
30,59
42,44,61
6
50,61
1" 61
6u
20,50,61
INDEX.
75
'■
PAOI.
8al-Ammoniac 32, 54
Scheelite ••• <'|
Schorlomit* »A "i-
Scorodite...- 40,69
sopiolite ••• 34
Serpentine 3 . W
Siderite 40,5'
Silver ». "^
Siphylite "20
Smaftite 10,14
Smectite 30, 65)
SmitliBonite 42, 67
Sodalite 46, 61
Sphalerite 18,20.24,40,61
Spinel 62,61
Spodumene ^°i ^J
Staurolite •••52, 61
Stephanite 12, 14, 61
Stibnite •••• 12
Stilbite ^8,59
Stilpnomelane 20, 38, o\)
Stolzite ••• JJ|
Stromeyerite 14, «i
Strontianite 40, 60
Succinite 34, os
Sulphur • •••• 24
Sylvanite 10,62
Talc 30,01
TantaUte 16
PAoa.
Telltfriam 8
Tenorite lo
Tetradymite 1"
Tetrahedrite 12
Thomsonite 44, 59
Thuringite 26
Titauito 44, 61
Topaz 52, 61
Tourmaline 50, 61
Tremolite 61
Triphylite 40, 61
Tscnermigite 30
Turquois 46, 59
Uraninite 26
Vesuvianite 56, 61
Vivianite 28
Wavellite • 59
Whitneyite ^
Vv iiitsiiiile "i ■"
Witherite 40, 50
Wolframite 20
Wollastonite 42, 01
Vulfenite .., 30, 01
Zincite 22
Zircon 52,01
Zoisitc 40, 01
■'J
!
i
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