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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commen^ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent 6tre film6s 6 des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmd d partir de Tangle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 1 2 1 .J 3 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 v«^ *\'*^>*'''-^ Mtts MUm ^ Km ^^^6^ Dear Sir, Your vote and interest at this Election are respectfully requested in favor of Hon. Charles Tupper, for the House of Commons, and Edward Vickery and C. J. Tovsrnshend for the Local .Legislature. -*' HWf g^m^tmi'^^/i^ N X i\!|ro|i ■ sbN. '»' »^'.'l; DR. TOPPER'S AT SYDNEY. tJuly ITth, 1878. '"<^; The following gentlemen occupied deats on the platform : — Rev. A. Farqunarson, St. Anclrew'e, Sydney; Kev. Joseph Ohiaholm, P. F., Little Bras d'Or; Rev.F. G. McGillivray, P. P.J lona; Rev. Mr. Gordon, Leitch's Creek; Rev. M. Mc- Kenzie, P. P., Grand Narrows; Rey. A. Grant, P. P.,Boi8- dale ; Rev. A. McGillivray, P. P., Grand Mira ; Rev. McL. Sinclair, Pictou; Hon. Senator Bourinot (Ohairman); H. Devenport', Custos; Wra. HcBonald, M. P.; C.J. Campbiell, M. P.; Hugh McLeody Barrister; E. T. Mosely, M, P. P., W, H. Morely, J. H. McLeod, 0. 1{. Harrington, A. G.Hamiltcm, M. J. Phoran, J. R. MoUoy, Ed. AdvoeaUyK, 0. Bertam. Ed. JffemW, W. McK. McLeod, M. B. ; C. P. Moffat, G. B, Mo&t, ThoB. Ruittledge, D. Link, Lingan Mines; W. Rbutledge, Victoria Mines ; 0. Rigby, Glace Bay Mines ; David McK^en, Port Caledonia Mines ; Dodd & Gillies, International Mines; L. Johnston, M. D.^ Esq., and several others. Letters ex- pressive of regret for unavoidable absence were received from the Rev. Hugh McLeod, D. D.; and Rev. F. S. KendalL of Sydney. -''^^^ Hon. Senator Bourinot, on taking the chair said; I H obtilin Qtj of Cape y of us f ou he eloquent ish America As such we ou welctHne ou welcome >roud. We 'horn future e party, as- 7 prospered everywhere at a change and wealth ut employ* le, that the ices may be he pleasure Qce, the en< our favor is of greatly leir efforts. fi this great )S3, was of the ) on the 7 small have to in com- \Tt upon soucndd ired me. 9BS con- lines of Wnich already at they had, to itry. I have devoted, as you well know, upwards of twenty-three years of the prime of m v life to the public service of my oQuntry, and fraught as those tweijit;;;: three years have been with many an arduouib struggle, many a discouragement) I accept this generous ti^bute, the people of,Oape Breton have given me to day, as more than a reward for any exertions I ave made during that period. ,^^^,,<' - . Qeatlemen, I am proud to know that the flattering addfoas with which I have been greeted^ oomes from the Libenil-Con- servative party in Cape j3reto,n. (Cheers.) I dare say yon know that our opponents are very lond in many places of calling us Tories; but I feel that I can claim in your presence to-day, in view of the past history of our party, as strone a title to the term "Liberal" as to the term " Conservative;" I feel that that every Honest and Patriot Liberal within the Dominion of Canada can give the party to ^hioh I belong, the Liberal Conservative party, a sincere and con- sistent support. I have been amused when I have heard the statement made that we were opposed to reiorm, that we were undeserving the confidence of the Liberals. Gentle- men allow me to give you an historical fact of some little sig- nificance, for the consideration of those people who deny our claim to the term Liberal as well as to the term Conservative, a fact which, I think, if they duly reflect upon it, they will see how untenable and unsupported a position they assume. When I went into public life twenty three years ago, the Liberal party iu Kova Scotia was a great party; the gentle- men with whom I was associated numbered all, told, I believe some sixteen members in a house of fifty^t^o.' The Liberal Party of that day was not only a great party, but was led by able and distinguished public men. Let me read the names of the men who at that day held the honorable posi- tions of leaders of that great patty — ^" Joseph Howe, Sir William Young, Jonathan McCully, Adams and T. D: Archi- bald, Benjamin Wier, Samuel Creelman, John Tobin, Michael Tobin, Sir Edw&rd Kenny, Stephen Fulton, and later, Hiram Blanchard^ A« W. McLellan, and. Jeremiah Northrup." I have not only given yon the names of fourteen leaders of the liberal party in this Province, but with the exception of Williakn Annand I have n«ned ta you nil their leaders, and I give you the historical fact to reflect upon, that of those who are dead, every man of them, I am provd to say, died my personal and political friend, and that of tib(^^ wno are living every man of them is to-day my personal and political friend, (llear, hear,) I say, under those oiroumstan- CCB. who will venture toi deny^our title to the name of the LiDeral-ConBervatiye PaHrf ? Then, if you go outside of Nora Scotia, I a0ed not tell ^tra how, ih a j^eat crisis, the Lib^itl And Conservative parties in' New ^uoniwick and in Oanadia united httnds for the purpdse of brln^ns about a great tOh- B^t^^onal chi&n^e. That was the fitobaation of the Liberal- Cot^^e^vative t>i&rty in Cfibada outdid^ of Nova Scotia, atd 1 give that as emence th^t t6 ddy' we mky fairly and honestly claim the Confidence and snppoit of ^every liberal and pat- riotic reformer in this country. "^ '■ ' ' ^ ' ' • .*J ' ^ I say I a% pfoud of this addi'ess'be^iause it comes from the Lib^l Conservative party of this County ; I am proud of it becltiise it endorses my ptiblic actions and my public life. J do not mean to say that every man who signed it meant to convey the idea that everything in my public life had been as ferfect as it could be , aUl claim for myself is that, whether haVe been wrong at times ov not-— and every man may be wrong at times in a political career— I have strnightforwardly gone on endeavoring to promote the oommon interest of our dommon country. (Cheers.) I do not mean to say — I do not pretend to assume from the tonuA of this address — ^that even in tha twhich has been ri^ht all of you have approved the modes I have adopted to bring about the measures with which I have been connected^ but what I claim is, that according to the ability which God nas given m^ lihave straightforwardly gone on in my public career, endeavoring to promote the interests of my countrymen by the best and most constitu- tional means which could in my jadgment^be used. >,; I may be asked on the present occasion, 'and indeed it will be expected from me, that I should give you further reasons why we claim to be a liberal-Conservative party. We went dut of power five years ago or thereabouts, and were suceeded by ft party who style themselves par excetiencey Reformers. hen I tell you that to day, after five sessions of Parliament t under the 6ontrol of that party, I challenge any man to name one single measure of abroad and liberal reform character passed by them during those five ^wssions to which we had BOt already committed Parliameht atid the country as well. I think that you will agr^e with me that, as far as measures are cdncerned, as well as men, we have ef tablished aright to the desi^ation of Liberal'^ConservatiVe. But I do not intend to detum you longer with considerations of that kind which will appear with perfect clearness and force to every man Who gives attention to the politiqal history of the country. iroumsUn- me of the leof Nota he Lil>Mtl 1 Oanadtt ^reat con- e Liberal- ia, and 1 1 hoDestly I and pat- 3 from the oudof it c life. X meant to kd been as ;, whether 1 may be forwardly ist of our —I do not that even •oved the ith which ording to brwardly note the constitu- )d it will r reasons We went suceeded ^formers, rliament to name iharacier we had as well, lures are It to the utend to i which ry man ntry. WJidi tfu Union has Done. I will draw your attention now to the question of unions a' ^bestion upon which thu bq^t men of I^ova Scotia, as well as of Canada, were honestly f^ra si^ijicerely divided in opinion. VTas it any wonder that men 4ippld be so divided < But , I am proud to know that the tiftie has come when in the CouQty of papa Breton,. with all its intelligence, I receive the hearjty approval of such a ereat body of the people for th|S course X pursued. And weal vx»yl What haa the tJniion dope? It has changed a small and isolfited country into part of one of the greatest countries on tboglobOt a country ei^bracing below the Artie circle a tj^r^to^y ajmost as large as the whole of Curope. We can understand the srand proportions which this country assumes when we consider that not only is it vast in extent, but that it possesses sources of wealth and prosperity second to those of no other country in the world, a healthy climate, fertile soil, unrivalled fisheries, inexhaustible supples of coal, of irontgoldy silver and copper-— &11 that is needed to make a country prosperous. When X say that no country iu the world possesses a mpre fertile soil than ^ to be found in large sectionii; in, this Dominion, that we are ricV in all the resources thlit contribute to national prosperi^ you can understand tbe^posit^on occupied b;^ this, Province to-day, compared with the position it occupied previous to Union. Nor is it size alone, or natural resources that prove the greatness of our counti^ ! Look at the credit of the country abroad ; the boti^of Koya Scotia that could not be ^spld above 96 before the Union, stand to-day at 112. Look av the trade and revenue of the country ; During seven years such was the expansion of businei^S; that under a fifteen per cent;, tarift'its revenue rose from thlirteen millions to twenty three millipQs of dollars*;' But not only in extent of tra4e and expansion of revenue is the position of these provinces greatly improved, but also ip reference to our status as a country. Contrast th^ position we occupy to day and, tho position we occupied at that tim^v What ^0 we find ? !Blve|i the London TVmes neVer disposed to look too favourably upon Canada, has been fon^ed to the conclusion that under this great Confederation Canada has become, instead of a source of weakness, a source of strength to the Empire. In view of the struggle which seemed impending witn Xlussia one of the sources of strength of the British Government was found in the loyal ty*wbich the people of Canada had evinced in their readiness to take part iu any struggle in which the Empire might engage. (Cheers.) 6 > i D I dare say that you will reimember ttiat certain objections were urged against our going into this Union on the part of l^bva Scotia. The first ereat objectioii Vas that it was going to involve a loss of monly tp th6 people of Kova Scotia. 1 dar6 My thai ^6u rememDer the leadnfijg men of the Anti- Gonfederare party made careful <5Ali(Jumtion8*by which they undertook to show that we' would have some $662,000 per api^um taken out of our p'beketfi under the Dominion tarift over and above air that wo'ilild be returned to us. Well, when I tell you that the returns prepared by this present Government show that instead of obhtributing $662,000 to thepublis reVeniie more thftn she rid&efVed, Nova Scotia had actually received a lar^e slim of m6hiey over and above every dollar contributed by her td the iffeVenie since the first yeat ot Confederation, jou will have the best evidence that we have not lost money and are not likely to do so. But anoth- er objection urged was thut under the constitution of the Confcderatjpn, it would be impossible for us to wring out of the larger provinces anythiiig like justice or consideration for Kova Scotinn clainls. I need not tell yon that that ques- tion also has reccdved a solution. When it was claimed that K. 3. was entitled to gitiater ^cdnsidd^tion at the hands of parliament than she had received, dr was assumed to have reci^ived under the termd of Confederation, when that claim was made upon the Parli^nd'eht of Canada, what response wa& made ? Was it voted ddwtt as yott were told would be the fate ot every claim Nova Scotia might prefer? No. Sir John Macdonald obtained fyf the people of Nova Scotia through the influetice and support of the great Liberal < Conservative party that sustained him, the sum pf $1,186, 756, with an addition to our subsidy of $82,000 a year for ten years, equivalent to an addiiioh to bur resources of some- thinglike two millions of dbllars. When I tell you that the VATty now in power opposed that concession, you will see now much claim they nave for support from the people of Nova Sbotia. When subsequently it was found Nova Scotia would be in a better position to carry out her public works if addi- tional meane could be placed at her disposal, what did we do? Sir John Macdonald's gbvertitnont of which I was then a member, brought down a scheme for the re-adjustment of the public debts of the several provinces which added $1,344,- 780 to the resources of Nova Scotia, a fund for the extension of our railway system East and West. When I tell you that Mr. Cartwright the present Minister of 'Finance, only last summer, made it one of the grounds of his appeal to the people that wo had accomplished that re-adjustment, while he and IU94 Con( itthi furtl the objections the part of was eoing Scotia. I the Anti« hich. they 2,000 per lion tafift IS. Well, is preseht 62,000 to cotta had ove evory first yeat 5 that we >at anoth- n of the ig out of ration for hat ques- imed that hands of to have lat claim response ould be 2r ? ]S"o. oi Nova Liberal • 186,766, for ten ' some- hat the w^ill see ofNova a wo aid if addi- 1 we do? then a Qent of 81,844,. [tension ou that ily last to the 'hile he and Mr. McKenzie bad fought against it " tooth and na.il".^ I use his own expression; i|vhen I t€^U yoti that this Liberal- Conservative party, bac)(*i|^g tip Sif John McDonald, carried it through in spite of that dippp^ltion, % i^urnish you with further evidence to show what party has the jy^reatest claims upoi;!^ t^e confidence and support of this proviiice. When I tell you that the Windsor Kailwa^ was given up without the charge of a singlci dollar to encourage the construction in thef Wesib, and that the Piptou ]Et{^i],way is 1;)eiQg given Up in the sa^e wa^ by this Governmept jn pursoancci of arrangements aijia by vii^tue of pledges Mr. !abwe and I had given, that whjsn a con^ipapy w^s preprred to lk)£e up ife astern Eittension, li^ Pjctou railway would "be de^'lt with in the sT-iioe way as the Windsor branch hiid been dealt with, you will see that the fears which were entertained b^ many people honestly that Nova Scotia could obtain, no justice under th3 ITnion were idle and illusory fears, that t£e result has proved «th6m to have been altogether witl^ovit fpund^tiop. The PresefU Depression. * Now, I may be asked is not the present state of Nova Scotia a state of great degression ; and whether the Union ii not one of the means which h<^B lod to thf^t depression. I answer unhesitatingly and boldly, No ! Will any intelligent man in this conusor in this country pretend fpr a single momept that the Union has depressed the coal industry of Nova Scotia ? fivery person knows that the Eeciprocity Treaty was repealed before Ck)ntederation. I shall show before I sit down, and, I trust, entirely to your satisfaction, not only that it is not in the Union that the cp-use of the depression of the coal trade is to be sought, but that the only means through which we can hope to see tuat industry restored is the fact that we have accotxiplished this Union, (hear hear), and that we have this great B(Nuinion at our back to aid and assist us in restoring it. Every person knows that the shipping indus- try of the country is depressed ; will any man tell me that the Union has depressed it ? I say, no ; and I will also show you that if that industry is to be improved, it will not be by destroying the Union^ but by supporting it. Will any person tell me that the West India trade of Halifax, the West India trade of Nova Scotia, a very large source of the wealth qf this country, has been changed in any measure by the fact of Union? I say on the contrary that we can only hope for the bringing back of the West India trade oy having a sugar trade and sugar refining at Halifax for the Dominion. It is obvious that neither the coal Indus- d kd hy tne umpb, and not only that, but timt k^ navd o^ ib^t^)rin|^ tbdse industries^ is to be of tJiliipn, and t^atotnemise we could have trjr, the shipping industry, ^ nor "^e suglEtt refining indttstry have been injured hythe\Umpfa, and bot only that, but that ttw only tne^ns V^e ' ' .•i^-^ji .-li..*..; .. . • ^ .-^^. •^- found in the fact 6f no redress whatiey(^t^ ..ti,, ^'v.'. jN'ow, gentli^nien,'in k'dgi^e^^^y^ to show our claimlilio th0 confidence and suppoi^ of l^o coiintry, knd in doini^'so to criticize the acts of the i^r^^iei^t^pVernmo'ht-l— in the absietice of any member of that Goyernment— I sbkil speak of their acts in terms as little b^e4siVfl| ^s possible, t heed hot tell Vcm that no people prdpiirii^^.^9"ctxerbtse thieit eontroi which the people in a free ^taid rpMi^^sess ^oVer their Government ever stood in a position d'^itian^in^ more carefal consideration, and more con scien tons action than aife demanded of the people of Oanada to-day. Ihav<^ itlready shown that Union ia not chargeable with th^ preseht depl'ession elxisting in this coun- trjr. •Whithout giving further evidence of that, I want to point to the fact that \^eh Sir d'bhh Macdohald laid down the reins of power in 1878, he .handed ove^^ to his successors a country united from east to west. Commencing with the four Provinces, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia; we^ad not only acquired possession of the North- west Territory and Manitoba,^ with 'Uieir millions of acres of the most fertile sbii on the face of the globe, but had reached out to the Pacific and embraced the sreat and rich mineral counti^ of British Oolnmbia; and weliad taken P. E. Island also within the embrace of this Dominion. We handed over this magnificent country, stretching i'xom soa to sea in as pros- perous a condition as any country on the face of the civilized world. (Cheort.) I say the first' note of depression, the first note that sounded 'Hi change for the worse iti the condition of the atfitirs of this country wa» 'sounded by the present Ad- ministration after they attained pairen (Hear hear.) If the records of the country prove, as they do, that at the close of seven yeftris of Union no country was more prosperous, move contented, more progressive than this country was, it proves that the Union had done no injury to the prosperity of Nova Scotia, or any part of this Domihion ? When I tell you that^ at the close of the severi yearsj the accounts brought down by Mr. Cartwright, the present Finance Minister, proved that during those seven years our Government had applied, out of the money raised under a fifteen per cent, tariff; the lowest tarifl:* Canada ever had, no less than $13,430,208 to capital expenditures, but charged by the Government upon the an- nual income, thus reducing the public debt, you will under- stand what incontrovertible vidence it affords of the prosperity ofti wit tint duc^ ing of tl evi( ditic mei - i ' . ; hg 'inditetrjr at, but thit ies/is t6!)e could have ir claimi^ to doing* so to he aosience ik of their aot tell yon which the iinent eter oration and e people bf ion ia not this coutt- I want to I down the ccessors a with the and Nova he Iforth- f acres of d reached 1 mineral E. Island ided over in as i)ro8- crvilized the first idition of sent Ad- .) If the close of ns, more it proves of N'ova ou that^ down by ^ed that d, out of B lowest capital the an- under- osperity of the country. When I tel) yQu, Aat w^ did. thftt, not ouly witbottt increasing tha taxation, pf th^ people, but while PAt- tiiig aside some three milli ing' tea and coffee and Qt)iieff;^uHsiQ)esfr:ee t^ all the iunaoit^ts of this Dominion, you will understand w^at incontrovertib)^ evidence the records of the country give of tne prosperous con- dition Canada was in when'^f^^irOM^ed. the reins of Govern- ment. '■•1! .^mwi :,t.^ -.!!• r'-.ri .,t9 ap^ft^£clai^"we h upon the con- jr-tsT^r fp tt\« JlJ^reaty of Waphingtoji-r^ . .Well let me refer, t „. .. fid^nce of the countiryr ^i^.y^^f , Wbftt did that apconjpfwl)? B, ^JOt oi^ly removed a gWat source of difficulty aad,<|i^coTi hut it gave the ^npkfits of tl^e tlnited States freej77whicn,up to that day hiad been closed, — to the fish of 9ur,ensatipn for the privileges the Anaerlcans ^njoy under the Treaty, but I do not believe there is an intelligent man in the Province^ Or in the bounds of Canada, who^ does < not see that it is better to have a free market for our tisH and to have our revenues inereased by something like a half a million dollars a year, than to have fish taken from' our wators without any return whatever, while our fish wtoe Excluded from the American markets and we received no finanoial compensation. I need not say that we obtained the boon that measure of protection gives to the fishermen of this (country, in the teeth of the op-. position of Mr. McEen^.ie aqd th-e party now in power. When the late Government toakth^ position that we could not have our fish taken from our fishing grounds without' compensa- tion, and decided that wol would arm a force for the capture of trespassing fishermen, how Wore we met by the Opposition ? With derision ; wo were told that we could not do it, that it 10 would stir ap bad blood. liook at th^ history of the measope ¥ history will give theresulttf; wd ac'oomblished whatwe und«r* took to accomplish ia a way "Whioh has proved emineotly Qi^tisfactary to the whole cduntty; ' ' Now having dealt With thift <|u!6Btion, I will take up Hie question of the great ; -i)n:riii< from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Having secured the Inter- colonial Railway, we did not^pretend for a moment that it was the duty of the Government, to construct that great work out of tiie public moneys, as a tS^^dtnihdtit work. We took the ground that if we tools thirty minioui^ of dollars, the interest on which would cost the coiiftitiy abou^ t!>ne million and a half a year, arid added a lar^e grant of 'Crown lands which, yrlth- out the railway, would be unprodtictive, such a subsidy would secure the construction dirthJdlt'oad without placing a hea,yy burden of taxation Upion ih^,cot[ntry. How were we met oy the party now in power? We were denounced as extravagant ;we were denouhcied f6r giving this large suin of money and those wild lands ; andVhen we moved a resolu- tion declaring that the road shoiild be constructed by a com- pany, they put a rider to that i^esblution declaring that it never should be constructed in any other way. tfnfortunately for the country a cry arose because, iSit Hugh Allan contributed a large subscription in aid^f the^artv-ror rather I should say because he contributed to Sir JohhMacI>onald for an election fund 1^45,000, and dlso contributed t6 Sir George Cartier and Mr. Lanffevin a large sum of tuoney for the Province df Quebec. You may ask why He cobtributed those large sums, and say that Sir John MacDohk^d was charged with Selling Rm the Charter''^^^'; " to build the Pacific Railway. I need not tell you that slan- der has been thoroughly exploded ; I need not tell you that when Sir Hugh Allan asked for "the charter to build the Par cific Railway, Sir John MacBonald and his administration refused that charter^ and that therefore no charter was ever sold as none was ever given. If you ask why Sir Hugh gave that large sum, I tell you that he gave it as a member ot the Liberal Conservative party, and knowing as he did, that he had six million dollars worth of property in the country dependent on its progress and prosperity, Knowing that he had a line of steamers; and that the construction of the Pacific Railway by whomsoever it was built, would so or hi^ dolls whoM recei^ enori tion 11 le measure ? It we under> emineatijr ake up the i the Inter- that it was t work out ^e took the he intep0$t and a hiaif iich, i^rith- a subsidy placing a ' were we )unced as ^e suin of a resolu- by a com- at it netrer lately for ntribufed hould say a election rtier and vince 6f ge sums, bat slat^. yon that the Par Istratiou as ever ?h gave r of the that he country ;hat he tion of )uld so incareasef the prosperity bf the cotintry that it would more thfin repay him tne valus of the qontributiou that hiel gave. Brrt When it is kfloWh tbfct. " / ., / No Man ever dared to charge Sir John MacDonald or his Government witibf laying, uttholy hands upon a single dollar of the pul^lic money for election purposes, but that the whote chd,rge was that ej&ttalV 'mert^ th'fe Government received a* large ^bscri{>tion from h; rtt^mber of the party of enornious wealth, you will readily" litiderstand the true posi- tion of the question, upon which so many people of this country have been deceived. Yovi may ask why the Goveienmeut required this money to carry their elections. I may, say in reply that when it stands upon the recordsof th^oaujct^of this country that one single supporter of the preset Qovernmeut spent $28,000 to carry Hs own. elections for Sputji Simcoe at that time ; another ^S^^OOO^ and another 910,0QO« you will understand that we might as well have undertaken to' fight guns with pitchferks as to have fought these elections without using every possible means that the law then allowed. I did not know when the elections closed that one dollar of money had been contribut- ed t)y Sir Hu^h All^Q) but t SfiH say, in justice to Sir J. Mac- I)6hald, that iq accepting thj|t aid he 6nly did what almost any man in the country woul^ bave done, when men were lining money against him 90 ^rJ^ely as they were on the other fiidjB, , A Striking (Contrast. I pe^ not tell yoii that we w^nt out of power at that time* and thai we are now in a |MMitton to contrast the doings of the present Government with thoseof their predecessors. I have^al ready advanced some of the elaims which we have to the eonfidence and support of the country ; let me now glance in terms as little ofiensive asl can ud^, at the conduct of our suceessors in the administratioii of aftairs. I need not tell you that they had a great advantage over us formerly. No matter how successful our administration might be, they eould always outbid us-^i6t in acts, but— promises. Well, wo have had a sample of their administration for live years, and, to-da^ they baunot point to one act on the statue book, the work Of their hands, which ckn be described as a broad, lib- eral measure of reform. (Hear^ hear,) I do not blame them simply because it was impossitde for them to originate such a measures as their predecessors had so faithfully 'discharged their duty as Literals as well as Conservatives that they had 12 left nothing to reform. (Ch«iera,)i Tbe^^o-cftlled Boforo^ers found, their work done. whfttfW^t^i^it/nrst measure t; To reduce the taxation as we did toth€|^e^^i4 of l^wo miUi'piL dol- lars p^r annum ? 2Tot at all. This i^couomical Government said, we must take. > , > \ , \, ^ 7 - Three MiUkm DoUafs a ^ Ykof Mdret ' u'l ♦ v. . ; ) «i < i t out of your pockets^ th^n par epctrf^y,^gai^tpre4epe8sorai., TA&'it was their iirst act. 7Ue< i;<^^ iii^a .p!9%9 t^ Jy?e had ip^de free they taxed. They ii^pos^.,! m^ ,p\v ..'•■JlK' 7/ >)f»;Ml. Taxes on . i!'V 1. I'ii^ \iijzn\ vV that w^ had taken off, and soiBiitdw«d the Mtfst extraordinary meaiis of carrying out economy 'l^nd reform that were ever exhibited to an enlightened !''' .'.-. i!' .^ A^SemusDefiek ^^rrultii: •■ii.,t,iL; th^y said, and you must give a^ 'fiVef liu'i^di'^d thousand dol- lars more taxes a year ; and theVgotit. 'I^hen, did tjiey covde^ bac^k with a surplus with soitty|{hingHi^ s'feow'for it, somethib'g to fediice the debt of the cttu(it|^j as we had done? No, they came back with another* 'deficit. (Heai*, hear.)" Atthd close of the year 1876 they admitted a deficit of $1,900,000 ; at the close of 1877 they adteifted a deficit of $1,460,000, to which I must add 6843,591 that wtitfdund they had apdnt and pr<^osed to make their isaoceasoirs ^a^y as we wtU^ have to do during the next two yeats^i : They olosed their finftuclal year on the first of July^ insfe. t How will.- )1878 standi JaQe their QazeUe shows a surplus <^ over a million. I say theire will be something more thaaadeiicitof a million and fthalf^ Why do I say sO ? Because I havi9 tiie means of provine it aa conclusively as possible, I have the Gazette in my laands pub- lished by this Govemmebt, allowing that they claimed on the first of July, 1876,^ a surplus of 11,082,853. Parliameat met, and Mr. Cartwright brought do^n the public accounts. They showed that there was an actual , d^ficit of $1,901,000 proving that the figures in thQ GazeiU were wrong to the ex- tent of 82,983,813. I brought thisj fact to the notice of Par- liament, and Mr. Cartwright J>l«dffed himself in the f^eeiof the House, as you will see by the debates, that those blunders should not occur again ; but they did. In 1877 the Qazeiie Hoforn^ers mre? ^o ^vernmeDt )ra|., Xaat tad n^de >u;io tit. ^ordinary ere ever >uld BUp- y the ut- hey icam& Baid'th^y and ^bl- ley cotole methtiit e? I!^ the best 'fevidettefe to show that thisre is a ddficit, as I ha^fe k>rf^m to cfeU It, of $1,500,000 on the first of this month. I say^ th^yl^ive iii'6t tolled up surplus rev- enuefii They are n6\i' iacifi^ fc dfeficit of $5,203,591 over and abttye the' expenditure of* ail the Tevenue of the country. (HtdJir, hear. That is to sayi they must take out of the capital of the eomitry, out 6f the l^tobeeds of the Halifax Award, nearly the whole of that money to be obtained from the United States, to cover the deficits which they have rolled up within the last thi^e jr^ars. ■ (Hear, hear.) Now you may .say, jWhat about their expenditure, what about their economy? J)iotliey economise or not? I hold, in my hands a 8tat9]3]|,ent broUgiiti 4o'<'^i^ by Mr. Cartwright him- self, their Fioancj© Hinist^F, ' Here it is for the inspection of any gentleman. M^^ , Cartwri£[lit here admits that this eco- nomical Govej^nn^jQjjit his spent in t^ree years, $1,731,796 more than our largest ay^rag^ exDj^ndlture* thpugh we had an ab- undance of ipioney ; .b^t^jl nave ,chaQengea on the floors of Parlif^mentttbex^ode in which.those accounts are made up, and I have demonstrated in Mr. Cartwright's presence that the real increase iw\th^r espe^ditures putting against them the same services, charged against us, would be not only $1,- 781,796', but an increase to tne extent of $5,138,176, over our largest expenditure. I give tliat a^ an example of the mode in which the prede^t I'lnanfeb' j^nister of this Dominion handles its publie ^aw^ounts. Buit what, more ? I am going to contrast sortie 6fhi^«»ublic acta With those othis preaeces- Mj*. Oartwright webt t6 !E!hgIbn4 to , negociate a loan j to put yoTir bonds at four* »btp0nt. ,,ii^terb6t upon the English market. How did he do if.' ^e offered those bonds to any person who wotild eivd £9k> fti'tjie ilOO for them, though at that' very moment the fdiirjjiir ceiit. bonds of Canada were 14 soiling at from 98 to 94 in t]j^o market. He aays you (^annot sell large amounts for the sai|ie price as small lots. In some states of the market yoa cannot, but in the glutted state of the market at that timej when the banks pi England were glutted with money not tHringing in to its owners one per cent per an u urn, the opposite was the case. She put her four per cdoit, XlOO bonds on the market, not as Mt. Cartwright did; font said^ what will you bid ? And the competition was so great that three millions were ofibred or three times what the Australian Government wanted, at three and a half per c^^. ' discoutit instead of ten, what Mr. Cartwright gave his bonds away for. (Hear, hear.) By that one blunder Mr. Oartwriffht took out of the pockets of the people no less than $400^00. Well, what did he do with the money when he got it ? You will be rather astonished to learn, those of you who have not been following the course of our financial aifairs very closely that when he negociated that loan he did not want the money at all. (Hear, hear) ; that he lent it about Among the Banks of Canada to the extent of $15,000,000, and a large portion of that with- out charging a dollar of interest upon it. One of their Gov- ernment supporters, Hon. John Simpson, was Presidentof the Bank of Ontario, and that one Bank has received during the Sast five years an average of from a quarter to half a million oUars of the people's money and had possession of it with- out the charge of a dollar for interest. If any person wanted a dollar of that money from the bank, he hiad to pay the Hon. John Simpson eij^ht per cent, for it while the people of Canada did Mt Heceivc One Dollar of interest upon it. (Hear, heir.) That is what Mr. Oart- wright did with your pioney, and by his handling it in that manner he produced mo8ili\]q|rioQs effects upon the trade of the country which are fel^io. this day. , paving put this money out lit a time when disipQun^ts ouffht tp have been reduced in- stead of extended, the resiilC was that tiie banks having so mach money lying in their vaulted ^!9X|t on inoreasiag their oiBooonts and inflating the trade of the country when they oueht to have been restricting them. .Miv Cartwright got alarmed and issued a circular calling Jfojr the payment of the money into the Treasury ; then lie foi^nd that he had made a double 15 te course mistake ; and from that hour to this Canada has been strag- gling under a difficulty w)i|Qh she never ought to have exper- ienced. PuUtd Ww*k Departmeut Now I come to the qoastioii of the management of the de- partment under the control of Mr. McEenzie. I need not tell you that Mr. McKenxie is a man of great ability, a prao- tioal man, whom I myself oomplimented on the floors of Parliament — and I dare say ypu Know I am not accused of often paying compliments to my opponents — but I am sorry I paid that one because after a yflars' experience of his manag- ment I was obliged to take it back bec^ase the public records of the country proved that the most incapable Minister of Public Works Canada ^ver had inflicted onmer was Alexan- der McKenzie. (Cheers.) What was the first thing he did? They had objected to. our taking a million and a half per annum to build the Pacific Bailway, and put their names upon the journals to a resolution declaring that it would be a monstrous thing for any person to propose to construct that work by the Government. JDid they carry that out ? Kot at aU. They got into power, and thought it would be a nice thing to have that expenditure in thd bfinds of |the Department, and declared their intenti(m to build the road as a public work to the astonishment of the ^^hole people oi Canada. From that time they have goine on in the most reckless way, and, as you know made an investment of over three millions of dollars of your money in 50,000 tons of Steel Rails. Mr. McKenzie is not here and I* am not going to touch upon this question in a way to offend any one. I shall not insinuate wrong doine on the part of Mr. MacKen- zie ; but he is the servaitt of the country, and I would fail in my duty to the pe(yple and thie country if I did not show here, as I have done in Parliament^ that instead of acting wisely he has acted foolishly, has thrown away the public money be- longing to the people 16 an extent not chargeable upon any Sublic man in this coun1a*y. Whatls the fact ? No man wiU eny that a million dollars were sunk in the purchased of rails ; and how sunk ? Because they could be bought to day or a year ago for a million dollars less than he paid for then^, and the interest already paid on tlMit expenditure has proved a dead loss of half a million nolse-to the people of Cfanada. It is underestimated when I put it at a million and a half. What does that mean If That you and your children, as long as Canada owes a public debt — a hundred years hence -^ must be taxed $75,000 a year to 16 pay for that one blander of Mr. Mackenzie's. ^Cb^erB.) That was all I was going to say abbtit thut subject ; out, y6u may say he did not need those rails ? I need only say in reply to that question,, t^at ^ jy|;49^ameut there is not one of those rails on the l*acific Rail wav proper that will be used for traffiti for th6 next iDur^ears. (Oneera;) So not only was tkisre a dead loss of a million dolfars on the iii*8t cost, but there will be a loss of eight yean iutereiittd add to that dead loss; before those rails parohaiied in 1874 can be used. (Cheers.) You would say, why buy ithoie rails at all. < ,Jli; would puzzle me to> tell you. I hlive here a map which I will leave for ^ou to extttntne in tb9. hands of the respected meoat ber of this County, Wm. MoDotiald< (Cheers.) What does it disclose? That Mr. MaicEeii^ie^has undertakoa to con- struct 228 miles of railway betweeen Tiinnder Bay, o(r Kam> inistiquia, and Red !^iveT. Thcire are no people there to use it, not a ton of freight will go over it, ^ud not a passenger will use it, unless, perhaps 8«ri!d o« • r was tiie result ? InsteAH **^ lY . ■^^•" of ffaioinf it JxnUi •100 00?*^ J-'ve M &e"fJ?f »?"«^' ^<"'.^:^ tLiiffT S*' •'"'<"». and thev htSi **•"' ^V were orin* ■ 6ove„^eut Zj„ ^ ttr iTs'"'' •'~°«»" down bv the Ve^^elS^f^r^^f^a long line S„t^;SS^^^^^^ salaries for Ifi74 n^^ ^o^^5®''®"ce between fK^^ '*°^^ the salar/rof ^JlUl t'Ltf»"'«^?»"2%^«?'? ^^satrStevfreTS W to w^te tl„e immigration Depariment. tnada rich. I Mrried oot; I he end of the '?g»t. What da rich, they ^ were losing back to our more a year. ' the manage- ben they said inter of 1878 «va8— he had operate it— lown by the thev spent ug the past on the lino P by turning ey turn one rfti Conser- at does the It back the ^e salaries inistration. oad, and I ^girregate 0) 169,025. and it still *ad, under aate time sssions so (Hear, ishod to A. Mao. : on tea >ringing ose that Artment 19 paid the euni I have stated. With this present eoonomioal Ooyernment, how does ;the account stand? Daring four years from 1878 to 1877 they have spent 11,015,000, ana have brought in not 158,189, but 68,576 immigrants, and I tell you that they have brought in 58,576 too many. (Loud and pro- longed cheers.) , when we brought emigrants into this country, what was the fact? Laoorers were at a premium,' and were re- ceiving in Canada the highest wages they over received. These laborers were required' in the country, but when these gentlemen brought men into the country, it was to do one or the other of two things, either, to starve, or cause those already here to starve or go away. Everv person knows that the jgreat cry in Canada to-day is not for laborers, but for work ; the great difficulty is want of employment. Men are begging to be allowed to do anything to maintain their fami- lies — ^families that I regret to say, in many cases are actually suffering — and yet this Government isjactually taking money out of your pockets to bring men into tne country, when there is not work for these already in it. Cheers.) Now take the Post Office Department of this country, and I will give you an illustration of the dif- ference between the two admmistrations. We spent in the year 1878-4, the largest expenditure we ever made, $1,387,270 in the Post Office service. We carried the mails of this country, and received for the service $1,139,973 ; that is to say, the people were taxed over and above the receipts of the department $247,297 tor postal accomodation. How does the account stand under this economical administration ? Why these people who said the people were taxed too much, and who have rolled up five millions of a deficit, spent in 1876-7 no less^han $1,705,311 in that department and got less re- ceipts actually than we did — their receipts being only $1,114,- 945; that is to say, they taxed you $690,365 for that one service, whereas we taxed vou only $247,297 per annum. That is the mode in which they carried on the Post Office Department. (Cheers.) Now let us turn to Dej^rtment of CustomSy in 1873-4, we collected $14,325,192 of Customs duties, and «pent $658,299 in collecting it. In 1876-7 they collected $12- 546,987, or $1,799,205 less money than we collected in 1878-4; and they spent $721,604, or $68,365 more than we spent, in collecting it. Now, what does this mean^? It means this, that Public Archives of Nova Scotia HALIFAX, N. S. 20 although the country hag been depressed ; although the rev- enue has come down ; although the industries of the country are paralysed; just in proportion, you will understand, have those me. anxious to serve under this Government, had to be foisted upon the Treasury of the country, and your money has been taken to pay those men, for not doing work that was not required of them. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) I need not fell you that this country has passed, under the present reffii*.e, out of a condition of unexampled prosperity into a condition of Oreat Depression^ I need not tell you — every intelligent man in this country knows — that this country is suffering almost as it never suf- fered before, and in view of all this, what is there to inspire hope or confidence in this Government? As I said before, these people used to have the advantage of us. No matter how well we governed this country, they used to say, only put m in power, and it will be still better for the country. They could always outbid us in professions. (Laughter and cheers.) Now, however, we have the advantage of being able to com- pare their acts with our acts, and their acts with their prom- ises; and the man is blind who cannot seethe contrast, which now stands out in clearest characters. (Hear, hear.) The country sees, and knows right well, that all their promises have proved to be empty promises and utterly delusive. They have lost the advantage they formerly had, and we have the advantage of them now. I teill tell you why : The country is now divided, as everybody admits, into two parties, one the Government, led by the Hon. Alexander Mackenzie, and the other the Opposition, led by the Right Hon. Sir John A. Mac- donald. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) And here let me tell you, gentlemen, that no part of the address, with which you honored me to-day, gave me more satisfaction than to see the manner in which that great states- man is appreciated down here. He deserves all and more than you have said of him ; I say that the whole of this country and no part more than this section of the country, owes Sir John MacDon^ld a debt that cannot be paid. (Cheers.) I say that the histor- ian of the future, weighing the merits of our public men, re- ffardless of the passions of the hour, will admit his life to have Eeea a life of self-denying patriotism and of untiring devotion to hie country. (Loud and prolonged cheers.) Thirty-three 21 rears ago, Sir John A. Macdo lald stood at the head of his pro- pession. Though a young mun, everybody knew he had only ho continue the practice of his profession to accumulate a [great fortune, and now, at the end of thirty-three years he stands there, not wealthy, but a poor man ; poor, because he has ffiven his services, given his life, to the country instead of I to himself. (Prolonged cheers.^ The country, as I said before, [has now sunk into a condition of great depression. All [admit that, and now to whom do they look for relief and guidance? Do they look to statesmen? Will you not say 'what are statesmen for, if not to guide the affairs ot the coun- ^try, and to improve its condition, by wise legislation. These men say the country is suffering, that the times are bad, but that it is all nonsense to look to the Government. To use their own expression they are mere flies on the wheel, (laughter), powerless to guide the Ship of State as to conduct her out of the difficulties into which sne is plunged. What do we say ? That we believe that if the people will entrust the Govern- ment to our hands we can luring forward wise, patriotic, and useful measures, which will lift the country out of the depres- sion in which it is now prostrated, and restore to it the same condition of prosperity which it einoyed during the seven ^ears we had charge of its affairs. (Loud Cheers.) I say that IB a]Jgreat advantage to us. Suppose a sick man precisely like a depressed country — were to send for Two Doctors. •—and you know it is a bad case where they send for two doctors — (laughter) and one of them said, I am very sorry, but you must die, you are very sick, and I can do nothing for you. The man hearing that would despair at once, and if he had not been likely to die before he would very likely die then. That is what Dr. Mackenzie (laughter) says to day to a depressed country, low enough in all conscience ! But what says Dr. Macdonald ? I had charge of your constitution be- fore, and kept you in a vigorous state of health, and I believe that I can apply remedies to you to day, that sick and de- fressed as you are, will restore you. (Cheers,) Therefore, say, we have a good deal the advantage of them, You may tell me, and rightly, that it is all very well, but we want some- thing more than professions ; we would like you to give us an idea whether you understand the disease and show us how you can help us. Now, I shall endeavor to show you the grounds on which we believe we can restore this country to even greater pros- perity, than it ever enjoyed before. (Cheers.) 22 What is our Policy ? It is the very reverse of the policy of the present Adminis- tration, to foster our own industries, to do the work, in our own country, that Canada has to do, to give employment to our own people at home, instead of driving them out of it. ^ear, hear.) I say the policy of the present Administration IB to drive people out of^ Canada. People go where money goes, and the present government is sending the money out of the country. By one Blunder they destroyed the "West India trade of the country, and the West India trade of the country means a good deal. They have refused the legislation required to foster that trade, until what would have heen the enormous capital required to refine sugar in this country went to Boston and "New York, and the people went after it. (Hear, hear and cheers.) We say, we believe, wise and judicious measures will foster the industries of this coun- try and restore them, not only to their former prosperity, but to even greater than was previously enjoyed. (Prolonged cheers.) w'e say more, we believe in developing inter-pro- vincial trade. Some people say what a pity that Cap^ Breton with her inexhaustible stores of coal is not somewhere near Ontario and Quebec. Gentlemen, I believe it was an all wise Providence that placed Cape Breton where it is. It was done by a wiser mind than that of any statesman, I believe that the future will develop that truth. The difficulty with this coun- ^ try is, that is long and narrow, reaching three or four thous- and miles from the Atlantic to the Pacific. What do we want to make the country united and prosperous ? The union is but a theory if you do not knit these people together politically and commercially. There is no bond by which you can knit communities like commercial bonds, for they are bonds of self interest. What are the facts ? Nova Scotia is possessed of great mineral wealth in coal and iron. Ontario is a wheat growing country ; each possessing what the other wants, and you have to devise means by which the mineral resources of N'ova Scotia can be sent there, and exchanged for the products which Ontario can beat us in producing, and thus make every man within the bounds of Canada feel how great an object has been achieved in unting these Provinces. (Cheers.) An- other question upon which we take our stand, is reciprocity. We believe that 28 Beciprocity with the United ^tes is desirable. Canada prospered under it before, and all agreed that it would be a good thing to have it restored ; but people differ as to means by which it is to be secured. I will endeavor to show before I sit down that the onlv hope the people of IN'ova Scotia, and of Canada can have of obtaining reciprocity again is by the adoption of the National Policy which Sir. John A. Macdonald has propounded. (Loud and prolonged cheers.) Now you may say, What can you do ahout Coal ? This is the subject of the greateatinterest in this particular locality ! (Hear, hear.) I will tell you. I think, in the first place, that wo have a great lever toward obtaining reciprocity by the settlement of the fishery question. The late Govern- ment said, you shall not take the fish of our people without an equivalent, the market ot the United^ States first must be opened for the free admission of the fish of this country: The Arbitration provided by the Washington Treaty settled that something like half a million dollars per annum, for ever, was the value to be paid for our fisheries by the United States; and I say that under that arbitration, we have a lever to brin^ about reciprocity that only recjuires the adoption of our National Policy to achieve what this country requires. (Prolonged Cheers.) When the people of this country understand that in 1876, Canada imported 595,000 tons of coal from the United States, and that Nova Scotia only sent to the United States 69000 tons, every person must see at once how unfair and unjust it is, that we should receive these 595,000 tons of coal from the United States, with open arms, without a cent of duty. (Hear, hear.) In 1877 Canada imported from the United States 363,- 795 tons of bituminous coal, and no less than 415,000 of anthra- cite coal. That is to say, we took from the United States in 1877, 768,796 tons of coal, while all they took from us was but 118,216 tons. Is there any justice in that ? I put it upon the broad question of justice, just as I have put it for ten long years in Parliament, (Hear, hear.) I see no justice in it. Take Petroleum ; every person knows that it is produced in Ontario ; what is the result ? Every person knows that Mr. Mackenzie and his party fostered that industry by a duty of 200 per cent. Who 24 paid it? Ontario? No! but the people of the Maritime Pro- vinces; and it was with great difficulty we induced them to reduce that duty. They say coal is a necessary of life. Is it more necessary than clothing which is taxed? Or light, which is taxed for the benefit of Ontario ? Why not tax coal for the benefit of Nova Scotia ? You may say to me, you have fought long and have not yet obtained justice for the coal of Nova Scotta. I will show you that all you have to do is to sustain Sir John A. Macdonald and the Liberal Conserva- tive party and we will obtain not only a duty upon our coals, but that which we aim at, a free market in the United States. (Loud and enthusiastic cheers.) What are my grounds for that statement? Ten years ago I stood almost alone and single handed, contending for a duty on coal. Li these years I induced Sir John Macdonald's Government to impose a duty of 60 cents per ton. What was the result of that duty ? We receive the benefit of it to day. No sooner was that duty im- Sosed than action was at once taken in the United States to re- uce th^ duty from $1.25 to 75 cents per ton, at which latter figure it stands at the present hour. (Hear, hear.) So, I say if you want to know what would be the effect of the imposition of a duty of 50 or 75 cents per ton upon those 768,795 tons of coal, you can judge from the effect that duty pro' duced in 1870 upon the coal mining monopolists, who send their coal here. (Cheers.) Not satisfied with their Canadian market they determined to drive you out of Boston and New York, where you sent your coal ; but the imposition of A Duty upon Coal. would have this efi'ect upon them, that they will find it better to allow your coal to go into the Atlantic States than tnat they should be shut out of Ontario. I believe that all we have to do is to act in a rational and straightforward manner, in order to obtain justice to this industry. I say this is not in Cape Breton alone. Take the debates of Parliament and you will find that I have again and again argued, why not make coal a subject of taxation as well as light? If the duty did not shut out American coal you would have over ^350,000 revenue from it last year, with a duty of fifty cents a ton, and the de- ficit would have been that much less. (Hear, hear.) But I say,, the effect of an imposition of the fifty cents would be to give us the United States markets. I say you can compete in the city of Ottawa now with American coals, and with that 60 cents a ton you can send your coal to Toronto, and com- pete with the United States. (Hear, hear, and prolonged cheers.) But you ask what guarentee have we that we will fitime Pro- d them to iWe. la it Or light, 't tax coal ^ jou have e coal of to do is 'onserva- I ur coals, |ed States. 3unds for ione and ese years >se a duty ty? We duty im- ites to re- ich latter >, I say if , ^position 768,795 bty pro^ i^ho send Canadian nd Kew of t better lat they lave to 1 order I Cape u will :e coal id not venuo lie de> I say, >give te in I that com- Qged will 25 get this ? I give you this fact ; ten years ago I stood single- anded advocating it. I stand to-day with the whole ot the great Liberal Conservative party at my back, pledged to this policy. (Cheers.) At that time we were only compelled to take off the duty by the Reform Party united against us, aided by some of the manufacturers of Ontario. (Cheers.) Now I have in my hands a report from fifty of the most wealthy and influential manufacturers of Ontario, who met in the city of Toronto and passed a resolution endorsing the ifational Policy. They said, we are prepared, with a proper re-adjustment of the tariff, to accept a duty on coal, (Cheers. When you see the party which to-morrow will be in power (cheers) pledged to carry on this policy (cheers,) Isay you have the best evidence that it will be carried out; that insteacj of having the hardy laborer who a few years ago was earning his own living by his toil, starving, as now, you will see him in a condition not only as flourishing, but more so than before. (Prolonged cheers.) But you may ask, is there not a stins: in the tail ? Must we not have A Duty on Flour. No intelligent man will ask that question. All you have to do is to read Air. Mackenzie's speech, in which, talking of the duty on flour, he says : It is all nonseuce to say that it would increase the price of flour." Why? Because we ex- port flour. And for once he is right. (Laughter.) You might as well say that a duty of tencents a bushel on pota- toes increases the price of potatoes. Why does it not ? Be- cause we raise more than we can use and export a large sur- plus. (Cheers) So, if you put a duty ot 50 cents a barrel on flour, who would have to pajr it? Mr. Michael Dwyer, an able man — I am sorry that he is not on the same side of poli- tics that I am, but he advocated a National policy when in Ottawa. He says the Inter Colonial Railway brought down no less than 400,000 barrels of flour in oneyear to Halifax. Would that flour pay a duty ? No ! So that you will have steam colliers, adapted to the largest capacity of the Cana- dian canals, going up to Toronto and Hamilton with coal and coming down laden with flour upon which no duty can be levied. So I say that the man who can be hoodwinked by the statement that we are going to put on an odious bread tax, and thus thrown into *antagonism to us, is not a man pos- eessed of intelligence enough to make it worth while to waste much time in correcting him. (Cheers and laughter.) There are a variety of means by which the coal trade can be fos- tered. One way would be by 26 Taking off the Royalty, but they would abuse us if we should hand over to Kova Sco- tia an equivalent for the revenue derived from the Royalty, though they have abused us before and we arc used to it. After we have gone to the country we will value very little what those gentlemen on the Opposition benches, where they shortly will be — (cheers) — may say in abuse of us. Another mode would be by imposing a duty on imported coal. An- other mode would be by subsidizing steamers to carry it to the Upper Provinces, or the granting of a bounty on exported coal. (Cheers.) I confess my pre^rence is for the imposi- tion of a duty, because I want to get at those coal mining monopolists in Pennsylvania. I want to make them take on the duty on coAl going into the United States, aud having it free all round. One of the most intelligent coal dealers in Ontario, when brought before a Committee of the House of Commons testified that the coals of Nova Scotia were worth fifty cents a ton more than the best bituminous coals of the United States, and that he made that statement after selling ten cargoes of Nova Scotia coals, and obtaining 50 cents more a ton for it. After that vou will understand that by putting a 50 cent duty on the fifty cent additional value you will get a protection of a dollar a ton, a protection that will very soon brin^ the Ame- ricans to their senses, as we brought them to their senses in relation to the Fisheries of this country. (Cheers.) So that, gentlemen, when asked how we are going to protect the coal interests of the country, that is our answer. (Cheers.) I say There is Another Eesaon why Canada should foster the coal interests of the country. Look at the history of theworld, and vou will find that what- ever country possesses great supplies of coal andiron, has risen in the scale of nations in wealth and prosperity, just in that ratio in which it developed coal and iron industries. I say just in that ratio is she bound to rise; and just in that ratio is this great country to rise, by developing and fostering her great coal and iron industries. (Cheers.) But you know as well as I do what lessons history ^ives us. You see all that very well ; but the only question is, how are we going to fos- ter and protect those industries? I have told you already how we protected our fishermen, and how we can protect our coal interests. When we fitted out our fleet to protect our fishermen, our opponents laughed at us but we knew what we were about; and to-day our fishernien in every part of the country where there are fisheries, find an open market in the country policy and a groun( going One of 38* By fltra free pre] the to fur So un ini fia I ovaSco- '0d to ft! , ^y little pere they Another N- An- r^T it to ^ported imposi- naining takeoff iving it afers in >U8e of rthfifty • States, f Nova After utj on *n of a Ame- ses in ► that, ecoal Isay as hat OS- dy •ur ur at le le 27 . country that competes with them — that was compelled by our policy to compete with them oa even terms, ana to pay five and a half million dollars besides for adipission to our fishery grounds. (Cheers.) But I want to know if our Policy is not going to do something for the fishing and shipping interests, One of the first planks of our platform is to foster the Sugar Industry^ not by incroasing the duty, but by lowering it. All wo have to do is to lower the duties on the lower grades of sugars and to meet the bounties of the Unitojl States by a countervailing duty on refined sugar equal to the bounty, ifow, what are wo going to do for the ship-owners? When I tell you that over on o hun- dred million pounds of sugar are used every year in the Dominion, you will see what we are going to do for them, when we bring the West India trade back to this country. (Cheers.) Show me any point in the Dominion that can compete with Halifax in that trade ; and when Halifax supplies the Dominion with millions of pounds ot sugar yearly, will not the great West India trade then created; and the remunerative freights that industry furnishes, be of advantage to our fishermen who will then send their fish to the West India markets and to our ship-owners. (Hear, hear.) The ship-owners are indebted to us already. They are indebted to us for free outfits, for freedom from Ught dues, for tho exemption of duties on ship materials; and they will bo indebted to us for bringing back the West India trade to Nova Scotia, and for bringing back prosperity to every Province. (Cheers.) Our Policy is favored by no class more than the ship owners, who are so much depressed at present. How did we protect them before ? By taking tho duties off everything that entered into the con- struction of a vessel from the keel to tho truck, and making all free. We took off the light dues, and made lights ft-ee. We are prepared now to give them increased protection, by developing the coal trade of the country, thus giving profitable employment to hundreds of thousands of tons of shipping, and by giving further employment in the great West India trade of tho country. So that, though I am not a prophet, or the son of a prophet, I undertake to say that no section of our people have a more vital interest in our policy than they have. But, I may be told by the fishermen, you are going To Tax my Salt. It does Knot look like it. We carried out our policy in that respect before, in the Act of 1870, and here it is : — " Salt, (except " salt imported from the United Kingdom or any British posses- " sion, or imported for the use of the sea or Gulf Fisheries, tchich " shall be free of duty), per bushel of 50 lbs., 5 cents." (Hear, hear.) That is to say, that while we proposed to protect a grow- • 28 ing interest in Canada, which possesses valuable salt mines, we distinctly exempted salt from the United Kingdom, fVom British possessions, or from oUier places where it was to be used for the Oulf or sea fisheries. Again, a fisherman may, when he goes with his fish to the American market, which we opened to him» find it convenient to buv a few barrels of fioui*, and ho may say to himself, " Now, I will have to pay duty on that" ; but let me tell him that Mr. Howland, who ships more flour to Great Britain than any other man in Candida, ships more than half that flour through the United States in bond, and the fisherman will find just as much Canadian fiour in. bond there as he wishes to bring home, and of course free of duty— *(and he can get plenty there now.) But you may ask what is the advantage of a duty on fioorf Well, in dealing with Canadian industries, you have to deal with them all. The Canadian Farmer is mot at the border of the United States with a duty of 20 cents a bushel on wheat, 15 cents a bushel on barley, and so on. I ask you, then, whether you would think it wrong for Ontario, raising more wheat and more barley than she can consume, finding American markets closed, and finding the whole of Canada open to similar American products, to ask for protection to that ipaus- try. That is what the Ontario farmer demands, and there is na section where the people are more in favor of our policy than in that Province. These gentlemen call themselves free traders, and us protectionists. What is free trade but a reciprocity ? To-day flour comes free into Canada, and is charged about $1^ Eer lb. on entering the United States. If a capitalist is going to uild a mill he says : If I spend my money on the Canadian side of the river, I shall have no market in the country of forty-flve million inhabitants across the line; they shut me out with a duty of $1.25, and I haven't got the whole market of Canada, because 1 have to go into competition even there with the flour from the other side of the line. Therefore, he demands protection, and unless he gets it, what will he do ? He will go across the river to build his mill, and get the market of the 45,000,000 of the people, and also the market of the 4,000,000 on this side. Canada raises & large quantity of breadstuff's. You all know that the home market is the most valuable, and that our farmers want manufao* turing industries among them. It was the great Cobden who said that no class was more interested in manufactories than farmers. Every person knows that a groat deal of what they produce is not susceptible of being carried long distances ; they want a market near home. That is the ground on which the farming population of Canada is anxious to see the industries of this country fostered. Well, gentlemen, wo have other interests in addition to the agricultural, but we will take the agricultural interest of Nova Scotia alone, and see the advantages it must deri the fori % 29 derive from the carrying out of our National Policy. What was the consequence -when we had a free market in the United States for the potatoes und coarse ffrains of Nova Scotia ? The conse- quence was that sections of our country were made rich by exporting potatoes to the United States, while the result of the 16 cents duty on every bushel of potatoes was that the profit that used to go to the men who exported them was absorbed by the duty, and our farmers were cut off from the market. I say, therefore, that the agricultural industries of Nova Scotia, if they are ever to get reciprocity, must get it, and can only get it through the adoption of the National Policy of the Liberal Conservative party. (Cheers.) Everybody knows, who has been in the United States, that the Yankee is about the last man in the world to give anything for nothing. They are a great nation, prosperous and successful, our own kindred, and I am proud of their riches and prosperity ; but we want to trade with them on fair terms, and I say that if we ever obtain reciprocal trade with the United States, 7 he One Means Alone by which it can be obtained is by putting ourselves in the same position as we stood in when we got the Eeciprocity Treaty Defore. What is the fact ? George Brown went to Washington, and went on his knees to ask for Eeciprocity. They said, what have you to give us for Eeciprocity ? and he had to say you have got it all now. What did the American Consul at Toronto write to his Government. We have, he wrote, nearly all the market in Ontario, and can get it all While that style of letter is written we cannot get Eeciprocity. (Cheers.) Now, however, with our policy and the lever of the fishery award, and the obiections in Con-gress, which show that Americans do not like to pay out money, have only to treat the United States as they treat ms. Sir Alexander Gait, eight years ago, opposed my NationalfPolicy on the ground that nothing was gained by it. Where is he now? He has published a letter over his own signature, in which he tells Canada that the time has passed for further for- bearance, and admits that the people of Canada must deal with the United States on the same purely selfish conditions on which they have dealt with us. So all we have to do is to adopt the policy of protecting our own industries. Instead of that policy which makes Boston and New York the commercial capitals of Canada, we must adopt the policy of fostering and encoura^png Canadian industries ; of giving employment to our own pec^ple. Then at no distant day, 1 Believe WUhm Three Years, the United States would receive any proposals from us with open arms. Why, only this session was a bill introduced asking the President to appoint three commiBsionern to enquire ihto the <0 subject of reciprocity. What did that mean ? That their Consuls had been writing them that the groat Liberal Conservative party in Oanada had put upon their oanners, •' Fair Play " ; that the men who, as thoy in their astuteness saw, are going to conduct the Government of the country, had nailed to the mast a flag inscribed with " Protection to National Industries," '♦ Fair Play to All." ' (Cheers.J There are mountains of marble entombed in this island that would become mines of wealth, grindstones, abundance of grand building stones, and all these industries paralyzed by a heavy tariff in the United States, while we becomo *' hewers of wood and drawers of water " to the great country alongside of us. Is it any wonder that the feelings of the country is growing in favor of demanding fair play, as the only means by which prosperity can be bi*ougnt into this Dominion? (Hear, hear ) The same prosperity which the country witnessed under Sir John Macdonald in former years. (Cheers.) But I may be told that all this is very un-English, that England is a free trade country. I say that the only way to get free trade, or anything worth the name, is through protection. I say further, that it was a long time before England became a free trade country. Eng- land stood like ourselves, with great stores of iron and coal. Did she throw open her markets to the world ? ;No. You know that down to no distant date she had one of the highest tariffs in the world ; you know that under that tariff She developed her Coal and iron and all other industries of the country, till she became mistress of the manufacturing industries of the world. Then not being able to raise bread and cattle enough to feed all her people, she adopted the policy of free trade in corn and cattle. Why, it was prdtoction, the very best protection ; the making of bread and meat cheap to the laborers. With that free corn policy she adop- ted free trade in manufacturss. What was the result? The manufacturing industries of England to-day tremble in the bal- ance, because this great nation, which copied England's protective policy until capital was brought into tne country and skill de- veloped — the United States, that used to be dependent upon England for a large portion of those manufactured goods, actually compete, in English emporiums in cottons. You see this policy of fostering the industries oft* country lies at the very foundation of national prosperity. And when we attain, as we may obtain by means of that policy, the important position Great Britain has at- tained, then I shall bo just as ready to go for fVee trade as she was. But I say our policy is eminently British and not American. What do these trade returns show, and startling enough they are to every man with a si ado of patriotism. Th^ tell us that there was a decrease in our imports from Great Britain between 1873 and 1877 of $27,010,537, that our import trade has fallen off so largely with the country that receives all we send with open arms. How ^ 81 is it with tho United States ? The trade returns show that we took from tho United States in 1873 goods to the value of 947,785,> 678, and in 1877 to the value of 151,312,069. What does that mean ? Why, that notwithstanding the enormous decrease of our whole trado; our trade has been actually increased with the United States, that the decrease has been wholly in our imports tVom Great Britain. In 1874 our exports to the United states were $42,072,526, and in 1877 they were only $25,775,245; on the other hand our exports to Great Britain were in 1873, $88,748,848, and in 1877, 341,569,469. So that we have been increaaiug our im- ports {rdm .the oontry that has actuslly diminished its import- ations from us, and have largely decreased our importations from Great Britain, the country that nas continued to take more of our exports from year to year — I say that it is one of the grounds on which I Buy that ours is eminently a British policy, because it will tend to chock that unfair distribution of our trade. (Oheers.) I will take the Londonderry Steel Works, which are being capable of being carried on to a capacity requiring tho consumption of 100,000 tons of coal per annum. \ , How are they met by the United States iron works ? The United States men are actually sending over agents to go throueh Canada and ascertain at what price the Londonderry iron works are prepared to furnish steel and iron, and to put their own prices below. They say, " we can afford to slaughter our goods for a while, and when we have destroyed Canadian industries, then we can put prices up to what we please." I say if you stand idly by, while that industry is paralyzed by such treatment, you wiU by- and-bye have to pay what thevchoose to demand. Go to France, and what do 3'ou find there ? ^hat country has but just emerged from a gigantic war, which everybody thought had destroyed her ; but under a protective tariff she has rolled off the burdens imposed by that war and stands forth prosperous to-day. Where is Bismarck now? He, who was so powerful in war, shows himself equally able to guide the affairs of the nation in times of commercial depression. What does he say to Germany ? I am going to sustain, I am going to foster industries ; he does not say, as France has done, because that would be too magnanimous ; but it means us France has done, as the United States have done. (Cheers.) liook at Belgium ; what is she doing ? As I told you a few" minutes ago, the United States are competing in the very heart of Great Britain, in London, with the manufactures of that country, in hardware and cotton ; and at this moment Belgium is sending into free trade England locomotives for the " Black country in the North." But 1 am told, have not the United States been protected to death , have they not been suffering dreadfully ? Not at all. They have felt the difficulties that all countries have felt, but what have they done? In seven years, instead of as increasing thoir debt and taxes as Mr. Cartwright baa increased ours, they bare rodnoed tbeir taxation by no less tban 1300,000,000, and tbey bavo reduced their debt by 8430,000,000. The United States vere dependent yesterday on Britain for thoir manufactured goods; to-day they have turned the balance of trade from 8120,000,000 a year agjainst them, to « 130,000,000 a year in their lavor, and 1 believe in the last year it has gone up to $150,000,000. (Cheers.) So that, looking to France, to Germany, to Belgium, to ithe United States, you see that the intelligent minds of those countries are All Moving in One Direction^ that of fostering the legitimate industries of the country. 1 be- lieve the time is not far distant when we shall soo this Just as happy, prosperous and progressive a country as when wo went out of power, and were succeeded by the party who have sacrificed us to a free trade dogma. (Cheers.) Vou may ask what was our policy when in power before ? At that day, I answer, it was one of protection. The position of the labor market in the United States was so demoralized as to completely prevent their sending anything into Canada. You know your coal industry was flourishing, because the coal industry was paralyzed in the United States, where the Avar had drawn the people from industrial avocations. Now that the labor market has assumed its natural condition, we ought to deal with the altered state of facts, by a readjustment of our tariff. But you ask me, do you not propose a high taxation ? The other side, I know, say if you want high taxes support Sir John Macdonald and the Liberal Conservatives ; if you want to keep down your taxes, stick to us. Now I have a word to say in reply to that. I say that the tariff does not impope the taxation ; '^ say they arc fundfamentally wrong who say iraoes. The tayation is already imposed by the public debts and the irequiremonts of the gov- ernment of the country. Custom duties are merely the best mode of collection, as they furnish industry with the means through its employment of paying the taxation. Will the present govern- ment undertake to say that tbey have not enormously swollen the public debt, swollen it much more than we did. 1 say that our taxation must be less than theirs, inasmuch as we have shown our ability to govern the country and maintain the public credit for less than they expend for the same purposes, and wo can do it again. (Hear, hear.^ It is not a question of high pr low taxation ; it is simply a question oi readjustment. (Cheers.) Take another point; if you have to raise $23,000,000 of Revenue per annum, I want to know if it will help you if you drive people to Boston and New York, and «very man left has to pay more money into the treasury; Xif 88 you and b^^ i' you build up those industrioR, such as sugar refining and ooal shipping intorostH, and thus give the people profltablo eraployment, you give them the mcnns of paying the neoessarr taxation, and lessen taxation bv increasing tax payers. That la the fundanontal error into which those gentlemen have Allien, and in which they have failed to comprehend the first princifplea necessary to the government of a country. But I may be asked, what are you going to do for revenue if you so tostor home industries as to shut out those articles which may be manufactured here? It is a serious question, but if you want the best answer for it look at the history of the world, and you will find that instead of decreasing the revenue, the effect of fostering home industries is to increase the revenue. It brings in a population which consumes dutiuMo goods, and thus raises the revenue without decreasing the protection given to your industries, and ■ without increasing the indnstrial burdens of the people. The United States in 18(51 imported J5'-'74,000,000 worth of goods from abroad. Then they put on the highest of protection taiuffs, and instead of decreasing, the importation then wont up to $024,000,000 in 1873, and it has kept up to $402,000,000 notwithstanding the depression in 1877. JiOok at iron which has been protected in the United States by a duty of 37 per ton on pig iron, and a duty of from 35 per cent, on bar iron. You tell mo that if wo do not lose revenue by protection, we make people pay higher prices. ^J' But what does the history of the United States answer to that, and facts are worth any. amount of theory? Iron and steel are cheaper in the United States to-day than eve?* they have been in the history of the lowest tariffs of that country. You can buy steel rails there to-day for half the price that six years ago you gave for iron rails. What Is the reason ? The moment you protect industry, Two Things Follow. You bring capital into the country by attracting the attention of the people to that industry, you acquire skill, and you can produce more cheaply on a larger scale than on a small scale. Take your coal mines, and I will ask any manager whether you cannot put out coal much more cheaply if your mine has a capacity for a hun- dred thousand tons and he has a demand for a hundred thousand tons, than if there is only a demand for ten thousand tons. (Hear, hear.) Every man knows that. So I say fostering your industries brings capital into the country, capital brings labor, com- petition and skill, and you have the enormous advantage of people paying no more for the products of your own industries than under the old tariff. (Cheers and applause.) We have had a great les- son taught us by the great Republic to the south of us. See their history. Only a few years ago they acquired their independence. As a first step they united into a federal uniQn, swept away the tariffs between the different states, and what has been the result ? Just the result that took place in Canada when we swept* away our interprovincial tariffs, a great increase of trade. What else have we to learn from them? The lessoQ by which they have grown from an infant to a giant, so strong as to attract the attention of the civil- ized world. And how ? By a free" trade policy ? No ! The first 84 message of Washington, to his Congress was one in which he di- rects their attention to the necessity of fostering the industi'ies of the country. Before Washington, Franklin had discovered the value of that policy, as Britain herself had done. Jefferson had followed Washington with an urgent message in ftivorof the same polity, and Madison, in 1807. and again in 1815 urged its adoption m the strongest terms. I will not road those messages as 1 know your patience is getting exhausted, (Cries of*' go on," and cheer- ing,) and Isay that Jefferson, Madison/and Jackson all urged upon the United States the necessity, if they wished to become a great country, of not only tilling the soil, but of fostering manufactures, of doing the work by United States hands," and on United States soil. In 1861 when they found themselves confronted with an enormous debt, and in a position of the greatest difficulty; how did the statesmen of that country meet u position so overwhelming and a debt so enormous ? They met it by the introduction of A Strong ProkctiorC Policy, which has enabled them to sweep away four hundred and thirty millions of their debt, and lit the same time to reduce the taxation of the country. Providence has placed in our hands a country, not inferior to any other, whether we look at the mineral wealth, its «oil or its climate, has placed us in a position to challenge com- parison with any country in the world, even the great United States alongside of us, and it remains for us not to fritter away our resources with idle theories, not to lot our people go away as they are going now, owing to the prevailing depression, but like states- men, to read with painstaking care, the lesson written oo the pages of th