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 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
COMPARATIVE SKETCH 
 
 Of 
 
 THE EFFECTS OF VARIOLOUS 
 
 AND 
 
 VACCINE INCCUILATION', 
 
 BEING AN ENUMERATION OF FACTS NOT GENERALLY 
 KNOWN OR CONSIDERED, 
 
 BUT WHICH WILL ENABLE THE PUBLIC TO FORM ITi 
 OWN JUDGMENT ON THE PROBABLE IMPORTANCE 
 
 OF THB 
 
 JEMJVERI^J¥ IDUSC OVERT. 
 
 » — §»••* 
 
 BY THOMAS PRUEN. 
 
 *' Nolo virum, facili redimit qui tanguine famam : 
 Hunc volo, laudari ^ui sine morte potest. 
 
 Mas- 
 
 SRINTED FOR PHILLIPS, CROSBY, MURRAY, DWYER, AND 
 OTHER BOOKSELLERS. 
 
 1807. 
 
PRINTED BY H. RUFF, CHELTENHAM. 
 
 
TO 
 
 THE RIGHT HONORABLE 
 
 JLABY CJREWE, 
 
 WHOSE CHARACTERISTIC BENEVOLENCE 
 
 HAS BEEN EMINENTLY DISPLAYED IN 
 
 HER LADVSHIPS EXERTIONS TO PROMOTE 
 
 THE GENERAL PRACTICE 
 
 OF VACCINATION,— 
 
 A PRACTICE FROM WHICH HUMANITY JUSTLY 
 AUGURS THE MOST BENEFICL\L RESULTS, 
 
 THIS LITTLE COMPOSITION 
 
 IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED 
 BY HER LADYSHIP'S MOST OBLIGED 
 
 AND OBEDIENT HUMBLE SERVANT, 
 
 THE COMPILER, 
 
ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 X HE Compiler of this little Work, havinp; ex- 
 perienced in his own family some of the aHlict- 
 ing evils attending the Small-pox Inoculation, 
 and the striking contrast afforded by the Vac- 
 cine, and having had frequent opportunities of 
 knowing the widely-extended progress and suc- 
 cess of the New Practice, is induced to lay be- 
 fore the Public, the result of a search that has 
 riveted his confidence in it. 
 
 His original Plan embraced an Appendix of 
 important documents, which, on consideration, 
 he is induced to sacrifice to conciseness ; and 
 he cannot but indulge a hope that the humble 
 task he has undertaken will not be without its 
 benefits, trusting, as he confiuencly docs, to 
 those reflections, the aggregation of faces can- 
 not fail to excite in every unprejudiced mind. 
 
 WOODBINF-LODCE, ClfELTENUAM, 
 
 March 13, 1SU7. 
 
VI 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 I 
 
 SECT. I. 
 On the Mortality occasioned by the natural Small-pox, 
 
 SECT. II. 
 
 On the Ejects of Small-pox Inoculation, 
 
 SECT. III. 
 
 On the Discovery and Practice of the Cow-pox Inocula* 
 
 tion, 
 
 SECT. IV. 
 
 On the Progress of Vaccination in Great Britain and 
 Ireland. 
 
 SECT. V. 
 
 On the Comparative Merits of Variolous and Vaccine 
 
 Inoculation, 
 
 SECT. VI. 
 
 Testimonies in favour of Vaccine Inoculation, 
 
 SECT. VII. 
 
 Conclusion, 
 
'.J »^.lff-l• f • i<i »» !» -^ » - {'t'r' f •• -• r 'il ' '■ ' "^ •>.*,• 
 -K>v» ♦.«. f'»;iCT -.*'» ••./ ,,j..: ,'>^'. ., ... .1;. t., ',',r[ 
 
 COMPARATIVE SKETCH, &c. 
 
 '^ •' ' •• ' ■ ^K.mh ;u> . •:•< tM'l ,/ »;»,! l; ' , \i j,,;J 
 
 '••'•! ' ' —»-««■»•*—«• . ••Jiii f;f; ;" 
 
 ':'• '•'*'». M ' '•,(• 7f.i' \,' rr \',t i'< . , (• » •»■ Iti;*).. ' 
 
 •■ ■ '. ■• ' » •• ;>•'> 'j *;o !:*•" ./. tui.'. .■ • _• t'l I»e«i. .11 
 
 % 1....0N THE MORTAMtV OCCASION!!) BY THE ' 
 NATURAL SMALL-POX. 
 
 HE Lover of 9cic!neo and the Friend of Humanity 
 will equally re^^ret, that in the diMCuasion of a subject, 
 confesiiedly of the highest importance to mankind, Pre* 
 judke should to fur have infuaed itself, as to occaaion a 
 neglect eyen of common sense and common experianot^ 
 Thus there aro not wanting objectors to the Jennerijut 
 practice, upon the grounds, that the Small-pox, under 
 the present well-understood mode of treatment^ is mild 
 and harmless — very rarely contagious — leaving nothing 
 injurious to the constitution behind it — and requiring, 
 therefore^ nothing further of improvement ; and the ear- 
 liest opposer of Vaccination in this country, referring 
 to the numbere inoculated by the Jennerian Society, 
 viz. 19,471, does not scruple to say, *' If these 19/411 
 persons had been inoculated for the Small-pox by 
 proper people, I believe that not one of them would 
 have di9d*,"-^Connnen(arief0nCbW'pox, 942. 
 
 ' ^o advance authorities in denial of these assertions 
 
 may, periiaps, appear perfectly unnecessary, since these 
 
 are few families who cannot, in themselves, produoe 
 
 fatal proofs of the fallacy of such assertions. The ai*- 
 
 t^orities, about? to be quoted, are iKicontrovertible j and 
 
 B 
 
the most modcratt computation m, that on«? inocuIatt»d 
 patient (ijt;H out ui' !25(), aud that the mortality occa- 
 Rionrd by Small-pox, uiilrr evi-ry ailvantaj^i' oi' treat- 
 ment, was, helore tlio iiirrodiicli»n of vaci'inution, in 
 tbc Oritish isles alone, abov<i 40,o0o annuuliy ! ) 
 
 But it mtist not be lost sight of, that as tlie Small-pox 
 is an infectious dikordt^r, it is still to bu dreaded in the 
 casual or natural way, by all who have never undergone 
 it, and the calculation is, that of those who take it na- 
 tutaiiy f one out of sU dies, ^ , 
 
 Of the dreadful cflTects of this disorder, under both tliC 
 most favourable and unfavourable auspices, the foUo«\'- 
 ing will atill funiisih but an imperfect idea. ..t.v 
 
 - In 1520, when t'no Small-pox first visited NewSpdjn', 
 it is said to have proved fatal to one half of the inliabit- 
 ants in thfose provinces where it made its appearance. 
 In the province of Quito alone, it destroyed no less than 
 100,000. — Woodville on SmalUpox, p. 21, j 
 
 On its introduction into Greenland, in 1133, it almo^ 
 depopulated the whole country. Kven so lately as the 
 year 1793, when the Small-pox was conveyed to the 
 Isle of France, by a Dutch ship, 5,400 persons perished 
 with it there in ^iv weeks. — Ibid, . * . . 
 
 
 Some years ago, it made its appearance amongst a 
 tribe of JCsquimaux Indians, on the coast of Labrador, 
 and raged with unprecedented violence. Many of the 
 : natives fled, to avoid the contagion ', nor did they ven- 
 ture to return till three years had elapsed, when their 
 country was become a desert : but they found the ske^ 
 letoHS f 500 persons who liad fallen victims to the hor- 
 jrible disorder.— J^in^'j Treatue on the Cow-pox f p. 604.^ 
 

 The SmalUpox i . naid to have htew fo matij^nant io 
 tlie HuMian empire, a« to have destroyed not Duich fewer 
 than /rev niUlioHS in one y tar. li^'oodtiHf, '2'J'2. — Giithiie 
 (p. 12H) thinks it not improbable that the population ol' 
 UieM regions, " the Ojficinu Gentiumy' which formerly 
 enabled tliem to pour such iuiinenso nuiubers over k'.u- 
 rofw, has been greatly leMenvd by this disorder. A 
 nobleman, potisei».-.ed of large estates there, informed 
 Mr. Pitt, Chaplain to the Kngii^h i;''actory, that through- 
 out his villages, the ravages of the Suiall-pox were little 
 inferior to those of tiie Plague. — 7 Mcd.Journalf 292. 
 
 At Constantinople, before the adoption of inoculation, 
 even one half of those infected have not unfrcquently 
 dicA.'—lVoodviUe, p.bG, i im f 
 
 Capt. Turner, in the account of his embassy to Thitiet, 
 draws a melancholy picture of the ravages of the SmalU 
 poX) and its dreadful consequences. Its fatality is so 
 well known, and so seriously apprehended, that when- 
 ever it appears, those who are not attacked, immedi- 
 ately abandon their habitations, and leave the miserable 
 victims to perish. He says, he has himself seen many 
 villages thus deserted; and that the capital once re-> 
 mained three years without inhabitants^ who had fled 
 from it, and did not return till it was supposed to be 
 purged from the pestilence. ^ .. 
 
 ! -.1. 
 
 > ' Percival, in his History of the Island of Ceylon, says, 
 the Small-pox is a disease which particularly excites 
 apprehension among the natives ; for they look upon it 
 as the immediate instrument of God's vengeance, and 
 therefore do not venture to use any charms against it, 
 as they are accustomed to dp in other disorders. If any 
 one dies of it, he is looked upon as accursed, and his 
 body is even depied tl^e utc4 of t^uriaJ^ it is carriod 
 
 • --. -If....... . ^4 , I _; 
 
 B 2 
 
 
1 
 
 Out to Mate unfrequented place, and there left, with 
 brai)clieg of trees scattered over it. Mr. Christie, the 
 Chief of tlie Medical Staff at Ceylon, in a letter to Sir 
 Walter lurquliar, dated Columbo, November 19, )S02, 
 (0 A/ed. Journal f 45T) says, that oven its very appear- 
 ance was often sufficient to depopulate whole villages, 
 as it was not uncommon, in the remote parts of the 
 country, for the whole of the inhabitants of a village to 
 desert their houses on its breaking out, leaving their 
 unfortunate friends either to perish by the disorder, by 
 famine, or by wild beasts ; aad of one melancholy in- 
 stance of tlijs sort, in Sept. 1800, Mr. Christie was him- 
 self a wiri>ess. Inoculation for the Small -pox was in- 
 troduced there in 1 800, and these dreadful evils some- 
 what assuaged ; but Mr. Christie says, that even then, 
 notwithstanding the utmost care of the medical men, 
 they lost somewhat above the proportion of one in one 
 hundnd, from the inoculated Small-pox ; while of those 
 ttho caught it naturally, almost one third died. It was, 
 therefore, with the greatest gratitude that vaccination 
 was received, when introduced under the auspices of 
 the Governor, the Hon. Mr. North; and through th« 
 successful exertions of Mr. Christie, and other medical 
 gentlemen, it was practised with such enthusiasm, that 
 upwards of 7,000 persons were vaccinated in less than 
 ^hree months, and between Aug. 1S02, and April, 1804, 
 HO less than 21,000.-13 Med. Journal ^ 122. 
 
 The mortality "^casioned by the natural Small-pox in 
 India has been immense ; it has been said, that no less 
 than one out of three die of it. The Bramins who practise 
 inoculation aver, that they do not lose above one in two 
 hundred by inoculation ; but this statement is obviously 
 partial, and there are abundant reasons for disbelieving 
 it. It seepis that the inoculated Small- pox is more se- 
 verely felt in India, among^^ cti*' •!«» bofi* there of £»- 
 
rapean parentif, tlMn iu Europe, since it is fatal to ona 
 in sixty or sevtntj/ ; atnl thu terror and anxiety feit^ 
 during tlie luoiitlki in wiucli.tiio disease prevails, arc in- 
 expressible. — Slioulbnd's Riport of the Progress qf yac^ 
 eiiuition in JBen£<Ut p. li>. 
 
 I'l V .-i; 
 
 At Kamschatka, 5»368 were carried ofF by it in tha 
 year 1768. And Dr. Rchmann, in a letter to Dr. Jcn- 
 tier, announcing the progress of vaccine inoculation 
 in Knssia, Tartary, &c. dated Siberia, the 25tii Nor, 
 1S05, asserts, thr " in no part has the Small-pox naadf 
 inore horrible ravages than among the wandering inha- 
 )L)itants of these countries, viz. the Bi)cattese, the Ton« 
 gusians, the Ostiacks, &,c. 'Tis a fact well known, tiiat 
 the Kamschadale nation has been almost entirely de- 
 stroyed by this disease, the number of individuals re- 
 fnaining at present not e:(ceeding 600." .. : 
 
 The Rev. Mr. Stansen, missionary at Halifax, in Nova 
 Scotia, says, that in the course of the year 1801, he 
 buried 181 persons, of whom 92 died of the Sniall-pox, 
 viz. 71 in the natural way, and 21 by inoculation* 
 
 • 
 
 In the year 1749, 6,000, out of 32,000 inhabitants of 
 JVIontpellier, died of the 8uiali-pox. — 14 Medical Jvur^ 
 9ialf 142. : .. . ' . 
 
 About the year 1757, the Small-pox broke out ia 
 Burford, Oxfordshire, occasioned, as was generally sup^ 
 posed ( by some infected clothes being snt there from 
 London. It raged with aU the fury of a plague, from a 
 ^horttitme after Michaelmas till near Midsummer follow, 
 ing ; during which time it was computed to bave carried 
 off upwards of 900 of tha inhabitants. In consequence of 
 tiie infection, the market was suspended, no one daring 
 to attend it. Tiie pro?isj.ons were |df't at some d^aace 
 
firom the town, with tlic prices affixed, and the towns- 
 pCDple fetched them, leaving the money, which wat 
 suffered to remain some time exposed to the air, to pre- 
 vent the extension of the disease. It earned off, in 
 many instances, whoJe famiUes; so that, on a moderate 
 calculation, considerably more than one half of the po- 
 pulation was sacrificed to its destructive ravages. • 
 
 Dr. Willan notices a strong instance of t!ie fatality of 
 this dreadful disease: — A child was inoculutod in April, 
 I /98, whose parents kept a siiop, in a court consisting 
 of about twenty houses. As the poor daily resorted 
 thither, seventeen persons caught the Small-pox in the 
 natural way, and no fewer than eight of' them died. — 
 
 Dr. Sims conceives that the natural Small-pox is fatal 
 to above one in si\r. — JRep, of Com. of the 11. of C. 2S, 
 
 .:-,/ 
 
 '. 
 
 I 
 
 Hi 
 
 (i k 
 
 \ J.. .ON THE EFFECTS OF SMALL-POX INOCULATION. 
 
 IT is not to be wondered at, that, labouring under 
 sO grievou^ a pestilence, mankind should eagerly em- 
 brace the opportunity of mitigating its fury by hiocu- 
 lation; but, notwithstanding tlie sanguine hopes and 
 expectations Avhich this practice excited, and notwith- 
 standing its apparent good effect in ameliorating what 
 it could not eradicate, experience has proved that it has 
 in reality rather increased than diminished the evil. 
 Although it is indisputably true, that the number of in- 
 dividuals who perish by Small-pox, out of a certain 
 number infectedy is less than before the adoption of the 
 remedy, yet it is also true, that the aggregate number 
 destroyediis greater, since a.greaternumber is iofected ; 
 
fild, paradoxical at this maj at (\rk sight appear, the 
 reason is simple and natural. While die 'SfnaiUfiox 
 was more fatal in appearance, caution was alive, and 
 whenev*er the disorder appeared, it carried such t(irrori 
 with it^ that communication was cut oflfas much acv was 
 practicable, and every Itouse, where its banst'ul eflfccts 
 were visible, ivad shunned as a pesit^houtte. It wsM.mUiu- 
 ral to fly from a pJague that carried off one third or oixie 
 fourth of those it attacked. Wheiif however, by the iiHro^ 
 duction of inocWation and an impreve<l mode of tin^at- 
 ment, the disea^ happened tQ he, fatal to one oiU^ in 
 150, it gradually became disregarded; the horror whicU 
 before attached to it vanished, since the former conse.* 
 quences did not apparently ensue; and the spreading of 
 the infection was no longer attempted to be prevented. 
 Lady Mary Wortley Montague, in one of her letters, 
 remarks, ** Every year thousands undergo this operi^ 
 tion ; and the French Ambassador says, pleasantly^ that 
 jthey take the Small-pox here by way of diversion,. as 
 they take the waters in other countries.?*' Contagiqny 
 ill consequence, spread widely around, and numbers, 
 cither voluntarily or inyc^untarily, underwent the dis- 
 order, and lost their lives, whp, but for the supposed 
 efficacy of the remedy,, wqudd have coatinuaJIy- and 89« 
 dulously avoided its efi'eat§..;, ./ • 'jtli \:i a ,» trj 
 
 ;i I 
 
 To this purpose Dr, Cappe> of York, speaks:— 
 ** The very means that save the lives of many who have 
 this disease, increase the number of those who receive 
 it; and it is now annually fatal to a greater numbef of 
 persons than before the improvement in the treatment 
 of it ; and the increase of deaths is not merely in pro. 
 portion to the increase of population. Free admiuion 
 to the open air, though necessary for the sick, exposes 
 those who have not had the disease, not merely to the 
 chance, but almost to the certainty of taking the infec. 
 
 '■) 
 
I 
 
 tlon. Very faW d (he inbak'^AtiU of this Mbntd tmr 
 cscfpo h."— ♦ iVirrf.//. 433* 'ntt J. ; t.M.! < .: -y'- • • 
 
 * 
 
 The fact is iiubf^tintiated by evidence* Dr. Lettsom 
 dt>fiv«red in to the Commincs of the Houie of Commons 
 {Ntfortf 85, !47) & statument fVom the yegrly fiiilsof 
 Mertality, by which it dppe&rS) that in 4a yoars, be- 
 IHvcen 1667 ahtl 1122, the average number of deaths, 
 cyc^asioned by the Smallpox, was, to the whole number 
 i/rhb died, as 72 to' 1000; btit that in 42 3rears after 
 inoculation \\as in full u^e, viz. from M^l to 177^2, the 
 ^^portion wad no less than S9 in iOOO| being an t/t« 
 €rease of nearfi/ one fourth. 
 
 ••« 
 
 \r. 
 
 n I'.! -iwr- 
 
 '1 to 
 
 .< •I'ii 
 
 Dr. Blane also mentioned {Report, 32) a calculation 
 of Dr. Heberden, making the numbers who dl6d of it, 
 in the last thirty years of the late century, 95 in 1000; 
 while in the first thirty years the proportion' was only 
 ^0 in 1000. Dr. Blarte adds, that this is, pelrhftps', much 
 more strongly exteroplified in the country thah m Lon- 
 dbn; for there were certain districts into which the 
 Small-poT, previously to the introduction of inocula- 
 tion, was unknown for 20, 30, or 40 years, so that great 
 numbers passed through life without ever having it; 
 but now, from the reasons enumerated, and froav the 
 extended communication between the most distant parts 
 of the' kingdom, an ^ult who has not undergone the 
 Small-pox is hardly to be founds 
 
 Dr. Biane stated j in evidence before the Committee 
 (Jbid) that the deaths from SmalUpox were, on an aver- 
 age, nearly one taith of the vrhoie mortality; and that it 
 appears by the Bills of Mortality, about 2,000 die atu- 
 •mially oi it in London. But the number must in fact be 
 much greater, as these Bills do not comprehend the 
 whole of the metropolis. One parish, not included in 
 
l?Mm» ^i. Mary-ld-bonc, contaitis itself not IcSs ttiati 
 63)000 iiihaUitants. Pancras, another parish, is not in^^ 
 eluded ; and in these two aru the Small-pox and Found- 
 ling Hospitals; it is estimated, theret'orc, that the whole 
 number not reckoned is 117,802. Rgport, 33, lie, — 
 In addition to which rtiay be mentioned ^ that C^OOO of 
 •7,000 persons are annually interred ih the burying 
 grounds of the Dissenters ; so that at least otie seventh 
 of the deaths is excluded from the Bills. /An/, Ring^ 
 €05. — The total nunibei^ in the United Kingdom, nt* 
 cording to Df. Blane's calculation, would be about 
 34,260; but he confesses that be thinks this is under the 
 truth. It is supposed that the real numbeif is not less 
 than 45,000. — 4 Med, Jtmmalj 430. 
 
 Dr. Cappe observes (4 Medical Journal, 432) that 
 the annual number of burials for ten years, ending iil 
 1742, in Pancras and Mary-le-bone, were 1041. But 
 he conceives, that great as the number of deaths has 
 been in London, it is much exceeded in the country; 
 for it appears, that One fourth (or even one third) of th« 
 deaths in London is of strangers, who do not settle in 
 the metropolis till the age of 18 or 20, and have there- 
 fore, probably^ already gone throagh the Small-pox. So 
 likewise mafty children, born in London, are inoculated 
 in the country. He also says, it appears by the London 
 Bills of Mortality, tliat for 75 years, ending in the year 
 1777, more thati 2,020 have been swept off by the Small- 
 pox anniuillif. The total imount, in that period, was 
 151,570^. 4f Med* Joiirnal, 432. — ^Supposing the popu- 
 lation withiPf the Bills to be 1 ,000,000, the proportion of 
 deaths from Small-pox is mie out of every 500 inhabit- 
 ants, and, ds he conceives, not less through thfe whole 
 island. The inhabitants of Manchester, Liverpool, and 
 Cliester, wei:e enumerated, in the year 1773, at 78,271, 
 C 
 
10 
 
 and the annual deaths from Small-pox, on an average, 
 38 1 ; so that one person died of it every year, out of 
 205.— /^/rf, 436. 
 
 It appears, that when the number of births in London 
 Was, on an average, about 16,291, the number of those 
 who died of the SmalUpox v/as about 2,444, so timt 
 there were two deaths by this disease alone for every 
 thirteen births. In Liverpool the mortality has been 
 still greater ; for there the proportion has been 2 to 11, 
 liingj 361, 4 Med. Journal, 437, — and about ilie same 
 proportion in Manchester, according to Dr. Percival. 
 But if from the number born be subtracted all who have 
 been inoculated, and all who die of other diseases be- 
 fore they are exposed to the casual contagion, it will 
 seem that not less than one fifth die, of those who are at- 
 tacked.— 14 ili/tf</. 7/. 349. 
 
 Mi 
 
 Tlie following table shews the comparative deaths, as 
 they appear by the London Bills of Mortality, subse- 
 quent to Dr. Cappers calculation : — 
 
 .-•r 
 
 Years 
 
 Total 
 
 Of the 
 
 Years 
 
 
 died. 
 
 S. Pox 
 2667 
 
 1792 
 
 1777 
 
 23,334 
 
 1778 
 
 20,399 
 
 1426 
 
 1793 
 
 1779 
 
 20,420 
 
 2493 
 
 1794 
 
 1780 
 
 20,617 
 
 871 
 
 1795 
 
 1781 
 
 20,709 
 
 3500 
 
 1796 
 
 1782 
 
 17,918 
 
 636 
 
 1797 
 
 1783 
 
 19,209 
 
 1550 
 
 1798 
 
 1784 
 
 17,828 
 
 1759 
 
 1799 
 
 1785 
 
 18,919 
 
 1999 
 
 1800 
 
 1786 
 
 20,454 
 
 1210 
 
 1801 
 
 1787 
 
 19,^49 
 
 2418 
 
 1802 
 
 1788 
 
 19,697 
 
 1101 
 
 1803 
 
 1789 
 
 20,749 
 
 2077 
 
 1804 
 
 1790 
 
 18,038 
 
 1617 
 
 1805 
 
 1791 
 
 18,760 
 
 1747 1 
 
 
 Total 
 died. 
 
 20,213 
 21,749 
 19,241 
 21,179 
 19,288 
 17,014 
 18,155 
 18,134 
 23,0«8 
 
 Of the 
 S.Pox 
 
 1668 
 2382 
 19i3 
 1040 
 3548 
 
 522 
 2237 
 1111 
 2409 
 1461 
 1573 
 1203 
 
 622 
 1685 
 
 '<" 
 
 Ring, 605, 1030^ 
 
 
11 
 
 Dr. Bradley supposes, that on an average of the whole 
 world, one in one hundred and fifty dies of the iuocuUted 
 BmaJl-pox. — lieportfp. 21. 
 
 Mr. Ring, by whose accurate observatiops and unwea- 
 ried exertions in the cause of Vaccination, mankind has 
 been essentially benefited, gave in evidence {Ibtdfp.Ad) 
 as his opinion, that o?ie dies in every hundred^ inoculated 
 in London, from the unwholeitomenesii of the atmosphere, 
 and the frequent necessity of inoculating children at an 
 improper age* 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Booker, of Dudley, says, that in his 
 parish, which contains 14,000 persons, he has frequently 
 buried seven or eight victims to Small-pox in a day ; 
 but that for two years after the introduction of Vac- 
 cine Inoculation, only one had been carried off by the 
 Small-pox. — 11 Med, Journal, 451. 
 
 ' The Rev.' Wm. Finch, of St. Helen's, Lancashire, also 
 says {Report, 164) that at the close and beginning of the 
 years he resided there, he has sometimes interred, on the 
 same day, two or three children of a family who died of 
 it; and he declares, that since vaccination has been 
 adopted, he has not had the sorrowful duty to perform 
 of burying one that died of the Small-pox. • • 
 
 At Edinburgh, according to Dr. Munro, the propor- 
 tion of deaths, by the Small-pox^ was one tenth of the 
 whole mortality.—- ^m^, Sie, > > > ..•»•_, ^. ; 
 
 it is calculated that one in fourtsen is the proportion 
 in France, between the number oi* deaths by the Small- 
 pox and the total number. lb. 700. — According to Dr. 
 Colon, from 60,OOOto72,000/fl//a7mttfl//j/by this disease. 
 
 Jkid, 928.— So lately as the year 1199, 15,000 perished 
 Vf 2 
 
I 
 
 in Paru alone. Ibid, 92d.'^Dr. Moroau uyi, thai m 
 one particul«r ycar> iiQ leia than 20,Q00 ciieci of it.-^ 
 Ibid, IS 5. 
 
 By a report of tho Central Comauttee at Paris, made 
 Nov. 94, I80?y it appearn, that ip thci four preceding 
 months* out of 5,463> who 4ied, 1,411, or upwartii of 
 anefourthy died by the Small-pox ; and tliat, ia thvse 
 parts of the city where principally raged, no few^r 
 than 923 deaths, out of 9jo31| or above one third^ weri). 
 occasioned by it. 
 
 'V\ \ 
 
 In Rome, 6,000 persons poiislicd by the SomU-poii in 
 ^r months. Hing, 931.— ^in Naples, 16,00Q in one year, 
 Jlhidi 185— and 8,000 died at Palemio, in Sicily > Ud9 
 year only before Pr. Marshal visited it, — Report, 66, y, . 
 
 ' "^C)'- , 
 
 At the small town, of Qomo, in the Milanese, in tji9 
 two latter months of 1803, nearly 300 children, whose 
 parents had obstinately refused their being^ vaceinat^i 
 died of the So^Upox; while all who had undergono. 
 vaccination mi^^^r^Dr, De Carro, 1,9 Med, JL 123« 
 
 w •"sm;-' 
 
 Dr. Faust says, the Smal^poy destroys, i^ Germany 
 alone, 10^000 annually, or wearly 300 a 4ay»--l ^ed*. 
 
 Journal, S3, '- . . . .- . i • il) 1 
 
 •%*.■< 
 
 .,N 
 
 Br. Odier, of Geneva, calculates, that, from the y<ar 
 1661 to 1772, 2,^3^,4^0 <;^ed in London, of whom 
 139)432, or on^ infourteen^ died by thfi Small-pox ; b,ut» 
 from what has been before remarked respecting the Bills 
 of Mortality, it is very probable thii^t the aggregate num- 
 ber was greater. In the same space of time 76,OQ0 died 
 at Geneva, of whom 3,97), or about 4/itf m twe^ity, fell 
 y'vgivm to the Sm«U-pox. At t^ie Ifoguo, Itoia M^k \» 
 
 , i J 
 
13 
 
 1169, tiicy amounted to mora than one in thirte^n,-^ 
 i?<Vi^, 376. ; .^. . . ' 
 
 Dr. ftlacdonald, of Hamburgh, calculates that the 
 Hinall^pox proves faul to 40,000,000 tvery centmyy or 
 400,000 attHuaiiy: while Dr. Sacoo, of Mikin, conceives 
 that jMklcm tlian 15,000,000 are carried (iff by it every 
 twenty-Jive ytars^ or 600,000 annually. Dr. Lettiiom 
 calcttiates tUat 310,000 fall victiois annuallj/ to it in 
 Europe. 
 
 The foHoMring paper was given in to the Committee 
 by Dr. WoodviJle : — 
 
 Mr. Dawson, a name well known to mathematical 
 vxen,^ SAySy ** Upon a'supposition, that among 8»O0O,00O 
 of people,, the mortality of the Small-pox was in llie 
 ^H^a proporUon as in JLiverpooJ^ M^^nchester, and 
 Chester^ there would annuaJIy die near 38,941 of this 
 distemper. But, to make the calculation more easyt ^ 
 ^a^ve supposed 30^00 or 35^000 to entor aAnually ^ 
 tJvee.yfais of age, and the deqre^»e|nts pfbfo to. b* 
 e^juable, the es^tent being 86 years* T^e jfason qi 
 diminishing the number from 38,941 to 30,000 ojt 35,000,^ 
 i^^ h^qanse a certain proportion of thoi^ wiia dio of tba 
 IgniaU-pox before three y^rs of age, yvould, if this dts«> 
 te»mpei: were exterminated, die of other diaee^es. The. 
 allowance, I am sensible, is too gr^, and the extent 
 of life supposed too short ; upon both which accounts, 
 the njumhors given below are less than tliey ought to be, 
 but surely sufficient to show, our Eulecs the amazing 
 iii^iortimce of «U(;h a raeasure.''^ .,::.. 
 
 4 i 
 
14 
 
 Period of Trs. 
 
 10 
 20 
 30 
 40 
 
 f io 
 
 r «0 
 
 Incr. tif Inhabts. 
 if 30,000 die. 
 
 231,922 
 
 627,694 
 
 157,322 
 
 910,800 
 1,048,146 
 1,149,342 
 
 Incr. of Tnhahtt, 
 if 35,000 die, 
 
 32l},90i) 
 
 615,643 '. 
 
 860,209 I 
 
 - 1,062,600 ..\\ 
 ' 1,222,837 ^\ 
 
 - 1,340,8*3 •» 
 
 i 
 
 . u 
 
 ,j., i ,i.i. 
 
 t r 
 
 ;:r 
 
 4S....0N THE DISCOVERY Of COW.POJt INOCULATIOK. 
 
 NEARLY twelvo centuries had Small-pox exercised 
 a despotic dominion over mankind, extending its ravages 
 universally, and maiming or disfiguring whero it did 
 not destroy. The barriers tliat were opposed to it^ 
 progress were, as we have seen, incfTcctual : while care« 
 lessness was destruction, caution was usdess.-^In such 
 * situation," say^ the Editors of the Edinburgh Review,' 
 No. XVII. 35, " it will be allowed that there was a suf- 
 ficient motive to seek for some further improvement, 
 snd that it was natural to prosecute with enthusia:sm' 
 evefy suggestion which held out a prospect of finally 
 disarming this cruel depredator on the lives and happii 
 ness of the coilnmnnity.'' 
 
 ;•*«.• • 
 
 V/ j;':K».I'Om f 
 
 
 ;;Ut i>> 
 
 . This prospect is now clearly laid open to us by our fel- 
 low-countryman, Dr. Jenner; and it would be doing in* 
 justice to him to give the account of his discovery other- 
 wise than in an abstract of his own *^ simple and inte- 
 resting narrative." — Ibid, 
 
 l)r. Jenner*s inquiry into the nature of the Cow-pox 
 coipmenccd, it appears, about 1 777. Hep, p, 1 ,-^His aU 
 
 
 ,\ 
 
15 
 
 tention to this singular discaM! was, as he tells us, finl 
 exciteil by observing, tlwt many of thoM; Ik* was culled 
 upon to inoculate rcsi«tmt uvcry olTort to f^ivc tlieni tho 
 biuull-pox— -havinpr ufiviergoiiv, as he fouiKl, a diseamt 
 they called the CW-par, contracted by milking cowa 
 atTccted with a peculiar eruption on their teat;*. Tlii« 
 disorder, it ap|)ears, had been known among the daU 
 rics, time immemorial; and a vague opinion prevailed, 
 that it was a preventive of the SmalUpox; liut this opi- 
 nion seemH to have been comparatively Wiw, as tlie older 
 farmers declared they had no such idea in their early 
 days, — a circumstance which Dr. Jenner accounts for 
 by the comparative rareness of the SmalUpox inociila-i 
 tion at that time; in consequence of which the preven- 
 tive powers of tho Cow-pox could be but little called 
 into action. 
 
 [el- 
 lin* 
 
 Ite- 
 
 kox 
 
 at- 
 
 In the course of his inquiries a difficulty presented 
 itself, which required all his industry and fortitude to 
 overcome. Some of those who seemed to have under- 
 gone the Cow-pox, ** nevertheless felt the influence of 
 the Sinall-pox, on being subjected to it." This occur- 
 rence led him to inquire auvong the practitioners in tha 
 country, few of whom were unacciuaintcd with tho 
 disease; but ** all" agreed in sentiment, that it 
 could not be relied on as a preventive. " This," says 
 he, " for a while damped, but did not extinguish, my 
 ardour; for, as I proceeded, I had the satisfaction to 
 leurn that the Cow was subject to some varieties of spon- 
 taneous eruptions upon her teats ; that they were ail ca- 
 pable of communicating sores to the hands of the milk- 
 ers, and that whatever sore was derived from the ani- 
 mal was called, in the Dairy, the Cozv-pox.** In sur- 
 mounting this obstacle, he was induced to distinguish! 
 these diseases into //'Uc, and spurious Cow-pox. Great 
 aa tliis impediment was, another and more importaut 
 
\6 
 
 
 .1' 
 
 em followed :—-ln«uncr» w^-re not traming to provp, 
 that wlion the tntf Cow-pox broke out among tliccattki 
 pirsoiiH w ho had milked nn infcc'ted animal, and had, ap- 
 parently, j?nnc thro' thi5 di>M2aii*, were itiii Ibhlo to th« 
 (small-pox. ** This, like the former obstacle/* continuri 
 Dr. J. •* pave a |minful check to my fond and aspirtn(^ 
 hop(>«t; hut, reflecting that the operations of Nature are 
 generally uniform, and that it wan not probable the 
 humun constitution, having undergone the Cow-jwx, 
 should, in some instances, be fierfectly shielded from 
 tiie Smull.])ox, and in many others remain unprotected^ 
 I ri'sumed my labours with redoubled ardour. The re- 
 sult was fortunate; for I now discovered that the vi* 
 rus of Cow-pox was liable to undergo progretsivc 
 changes from the same canses, precisely as tiiat of Small- 
 pox, and that when it was applied to tite human skin in 
 its degenerated statt*, it would produce the ulcerative 
 effects in us great a degree, as when it was not decom- 
 posed, and sometinicH far greater ; but, hating lost it^ 
 specific properties, it was incapable of producing ^hatJ 
 change upon the human frame wliich is requisite to 
 render it unsusceptible of the variolous contagion : so 
 tlut it became evident, a ptMson miglit milk a cow one 
 day, and, having caught the disease, be for ever se- 
 cure, while another person, milking the same cow the 
 next day, inigiit feel the influence of the tirus in such a 
 way as to produce a sore or sores, and, in conse- 
 quence of this, might experience an indisposition to a 
 considerable extent ; yet, as has been observed, the spe- 
 cific quality being lost, the constitution would receive 
 no peculiar impression." In this particalar he found a 
 close analogy between the virus of Cow-pox and that of 
 Small-pox, which, if taken at an adv^aneed stage of the 
 disease, or, thongh taken early, if exposed to such agenti 
 M cause its decompositioir, is equally rneflfectual. The 
 uot atteiuiing to tluti curcumstaiice wiU, he coitceive»> 
 
\1 
 
 ^tpln'rn tlw •'mircc of thour errata whicfi hnvr Hern com- 
 mittiti l>y many itiut^ulatora. • '" • - * " 
 
 M 
 
 ; 1 **. 
 
 r«' 
 
 " Diirinit the invrntigation of th«* casHnI Con-pox, I 
 waj* Htritck," he obsorvcH, " with tlw iHca, tluit it mi^hc 
 he pructicahlu to propa^^uU; tho (iiHCHHO by Inoci'LA* 
 Tioii, tirstC, from the cotr, nml thrn from otu* human 
 Aob;|ect to »i)oth(!r. I anxiousily waitorl nn\ne timo fof 
 an apporttinily of putting thin theory to the toHt." Hit 
 fimt experiment was made in the •ipring of I7'.M), on 
 a lad, of the name of Fhipps, with virus taken from 
 the hand of u young woman who had b^ien accidentally 
 infected by a cow. A» the indispOHition that attended 
 it wan barely p«rcoptible, lie could scarcely Hatter hinv- 
 self that seciH-»ty from SinalUpox would follow ; but, 
 on the lad's being inoculated sonic ntuntii:» afterwardi^i 
 hu proved to be perfectly secure.'* 
 
 Inspired with confidence^ he proceeded, '^ 'not only 
 witli great attention/* he says, ** but painful solicitude,** 
 and published his discovery and experiments in June| 
 
 ns>?. ...... 
 
 Thus then was made, and liberally communicated to 
 the public, by the ingenuous author of it (who, bv inte- 
 rested management, might have reulisid a princely for- 
 tUQcf ) a discovery termed, by car neighbours and rivals, 
 
 f 
 
 ']' 
 
 1 1 
 
 * He wat again inocvlated with SmalUpoi matter, in iti most active 
 state, nearly five yeart afterwards, Rep. 5; — again in the spring of 1804, 
 Mhg'T Ansvirr to GaiJtoH ,——itgi\D, for the 4th time, and equally *Uhotit 
 •ffect, in May, 1805. - - v ,. : 
 
 ♦ See the opinion! of Sir Waher Farquhar, Repert,\3\ Dr. Bradley, 
 a. 90; Dr. Sims, iA. S9; Mr. Ring, i6. 48; Dr. Saunders, ii. (S; Dr. 
 Lcttsom, M. Mi Dr. Frampton, iS. 91; Dr. Ba\ttie, /*. 92; AJm. Berke- 
 ley, a. 184 J Sir Henry Mildmay, iS. 185; Mr. Windham, A. 187 j Sir 
 Jamct Bioclair Erakiae^ t^ 189 1 Mr. Courtenay, {^. 196; — who theoglit 
 
i 
 
 h 
 
 18 
 
 *' tli(^ pjo** brillianV?HHl most important of the ciglitccnti* 
 century," 5 Med,Jl. 357; — a Uiscovery, whicli we owe 
 not to uccicient or any fortuitous circumstances, but 
 (under Huaven) to tlic acutencss, the philosophical aiid 
 persevering investigation of our feilow-countrymun.* 
 
 II 
 
 It i 
 
 ( >, 
 
 : Dr. Jonner was not unknown among tire scicmific, pre- 
 vious to his promulgating to the worj<l his vaccine dis- 
 covery, . He liad long been a Fellow of the Royal So- 
 eiety, an \ had published several interestiog papers on 
 subjt^cts in Natural HistCiy, and tiiose more immedi- 
 ately connected with his profession. Among the former 
 U to be found in the Philosophical Transact ions, and re- 
 4)rinted in the /innual Ihgister for n,88, that which ex« 
 cited so much attention, pn the Nat,u¥ai( History of i .e 
 CmcLoo. . • . . 
 
 ■i! 
 
 
 L- /f;,>,j ".i\ 
 
 that the fortune Dr. Jenncr might have realised, had Gain been his object, 
 would have been '♦ immense" — " incalculable"'—** l'6,'0O6l.perinnum" — 
 ••20,0001. per ann."— •• 100,0001."— that*' he might htvtf died thxj richest 
 .inaninthfc«Uou»inlons,"-&c. &c. , .: ^ ^^^_ .. - v.aiU.-.j (..u. 
 
 * Interesting as this part of the subject is, it has been gone' rather 
 more fully into, than the plan proposed allows, in order to refute the in- 
 vidious calumnies of some,^ who, having early adopted the practice, en- 
 deavoured to impose themselves on the world as those to whom aloue u. 
 was to be indebted for the extensive, and consequently universal, benefits 
 of Vaccination,— most strangely asserting, that Dr. Jenner was only " the 
 'Ge:itleman who first set on foot the inquiry into the advantages of Vaccine 
 Inoculation; but that the practice first promulgated by him had been estab- 
 lished almost entirely by other practitioners ; tuat the new facts had been 
 disproved by subsequent observers ; and that in consequence of these facti 
 t>eing disproved, together with the very extensive experience of other pcr- 
 sons,> we owe the present csttblishment of the Vaccine Inoculation.'/ 
 Rep. 128. — Posterity will do ample justice to Dr. Jenner; they will see 
 that his facts have not been disproved, and they will Jso see that the prac- 
 ,»ice 01 these very " other persons" retarded, rather than promoted, the 
 success of Vaccination. — Sec Observations on a late Publication of Dr. P. 
 by Henry l^icks, and Observations on Dr. P.'s Examination, by Thomas 
 ^xtAitXtpatiim, See 4lio 3 Med, Jl, ^7, /. 9 ; Ringt 223, 7ti8j. B^ei. .210. 
 
19 
 
 The surprise this curious and important discovery 
 created was soon followed by almost un versal convic- 
 tion. P:xperinients, made and repeated under every 
 disadvantajre, served bt»t ♦o prove the certainty of wliat 
 was predicted of it. Its progress has been equally great 
 and rapid, and it is supposed that as many persons liavo 
 already been vaccinated as were ever inoculated i'ur the 
 SmalUpox. Dr. Bradley estimated the number up to 
 March, 1802, ordy, at not less than t-x'o millions, — 
 Jiep. 20. 
 
 Vaccination was quickly adopted, and dilTused over 
 the continent of Europe. France, in particular, disre- 
 garding national jealousy and individual c:\vy, accepted 
 tiie important benefit witii ingenuous alacrity. Insti- 
 tutions and Societies were formed for its extension 
 throughout ail the Departments, and plans for the com- 
 plete extermination of the Small-pox were drawn up 
 and issued under the sanction and authority of the Mi- 
 nister of the Interior. The practice began in June, 1 800 ; 
 and so early as Feb. 1801, they declared it to be the 
 most brilliant and the most important discovery of the 
 eighteenth century ; to which Franco, Europe, and tho 
 Avhole world, ivill be indebted for the annihilation of 
 that most destructive scourge, which has ravaged and 
 desolated it for so many centuries. — 5 Med.Jl. 337, 
 
 The Central Committee, in a Report of Nov. 1 802, 
 says, ** There are scarcely any of the Departments, 
 which, during the last two or three years, have not seen 
 the Small-pox reign epidemically in a great number of 
 towns, or in the country. There has not been one ex- 
 ample to prove, that amongst 10,000 individuals, ino- 
 culated with the Cow-pox, u single one has been in- 
 fected with the Small-pox, thou^^h living in the niidsl 
 of the contagion," 
 D2 
 
 V;^ 
 
30 
 
 k\ 
 
 In an address of the Minister, preBxed to the Report 
 of the following year, he says, *' Your Report, and that 
 >vhich has just been made to the National institute, re- 
 fitit great hght, and, it appears to ine, ought irrcvo-' 
 cabiy to tix the general opinion in its favour. In conse- 
 quence of this, I invite you, in the name of the public 
 welfare, to continue your experiments, and for this pur- 
 pose I will afford you all the assistance of which you 
 have occasion, by submitting to your disposal a place 
 for Vaccination, whenever you desire it, and, if neces- 
 sary, by appropriating certain funds for the Institu- 
 tion." Ho approves of the idea of a new subscription 
 for the extermination of the Small-pox by means of Vac- 
 cination, and rc(]uests his name to be set down, with the 
 sum of 2000 francs. Tiie Committee declares, *' that 
 all which has been asserted of Vaccination is now con- 
 firmed, and that they are perfectly convinced of the 
 reality of the advantages ascribed to it " They also de- 
 clare, they cannot conclude without returning " a just 
 tribute of acknowledgement to Dr. Jenner, being fully 
 persuaded that he will hereafter be remembered among 
 those wlio have reflected tlie greatest honour on Science, 
 and rendered the most important service to mankind.'* 
 15 Med. JL 314. 
 
 if 
 
 l;t. 
 
 Iljii 
 
 fil 
 
 ^)) 
 
 In a letter fom the Minister of the Interior to the Pre- 
 fects (14 Germ. Ann. 12) he notices the wish of the 
 Central Committee of Vaccination, that a new society 
 should be established ** for the purpose of accomplish- 
 ing the extermination of the Small-pox in France :" — 
 *' an object," says he, " of the highest concern; the 
 practicability of which, already self-evident, was (thanks 
 to their zeal) still further confirmed by striking exam- 
 ples and undeniable proofs," He expresses himself 
 anxious to gratify this wish, and addresses a plan to the 
 Prefects for that purpose. " If errors present them- 
 
21 
 
 telvcs, or ignorance presume to make false allegfa- 
 tions," he observes, ** the t'ornier should be carct'ulljr 
 corrected, the latter speedily and forcibly refuted." — 
 " In order to obtain the object in view, we must dispute," 
 says he, ^* every inch of ground with tiic enemy, whom 
 we wish to exterminate, l»y a wise combination of ef- 
 forts, and by an union of measures wiiich embrace ever j 
 part of France." — " No object calls more loudly for your 
 attention ; it is one ^i the dearest interests of the State, 
 and a certain mode of augmcntitig our population." — 
 ** On my part," he adds, " I will second your eftbrts 
 with all the power of Government, and, conAdent of 
 your zeal, and that of the Society which devotes itself to 
 the accomplishment of this good work in which we are 
 all engaged, I doubt not but we shall, in a few yearn, 
 annihilate the Small-pox in France." — 13 Mcd.JL^[9, 
 
 're- 
 
 tlie 
 icty 
 ish- 
 
 the 
 
 anks 
 
 cam- 
 
 iself 
 
 the 
 lem- 
 
 A Central Society of Vaccination was, in consequence, 
 formed at Paris, near the residence of tlie Minister of the 
 Interior, of which he was President, and others of the great 
 Officers of State, and the most respectable Physicians anu 
 Members of the National Institute, &c. its members; with 
 whom the Prefects of the Departments were to maintain 
 a regular correspondence ; and testimonials wciw to be 
 granted, and rewards given to those persons who should 
 display the greatest zeal in propagating the new prac- 
 tice. Jbidf 423. — The Society sets out by observing, 
 that in the four preceding years the success of Vaccina- 
 tion was established by more than 1 00,000 facts, veritied 
 by the Central Committee ; and that it had been proved 
 *' that all which had been written to the contrary had 
 been the result of ignorance or of falsehood." Ibid. — • 
 It appears that, under such intluence, no fewer than 
 60,000 persons were vaccinated in the space of three 
 montlis. — Jbidf 'i 19, . 
 
r' I 
 
 These /ealons i\nd pncrj^etic measures have been con- 
 tinued without intcnuissioii ; lor it aj)[)ears, by their 
 lust lieport, that in forty-two Departments only, no ffwer 
 tlwn 125, 9.92 had been vaeeinated in the preeedin;^ 
 twelve months, making, in the whole of Francis, 40(^,000 
 in the year; so tliat, supposing the births to be 1 ,()8S, 1 57, 
 the number vaccinated amounted to above one third of 
 the whole number born. It also aj)pears, that from all 
 the experiments which had been instituted, no cases of 
 subsecjuent Siiiall-pox had t»ccurrcd. 
 
 Dr. Colladon, of Lyons, in a Lner to Dr. Marcet, 
 says, " Since Vaccination has become general at Lyons, 
 we no longer see any Small -pox whatever, and I be- 
 lieve that none could be found in this town, even if it 
 were sought for. I saw many cases of Small-pox, when 
 I first settled here, five years ago ; but since the first 
 year 1 have not met with a single instance of the disease. 
 The population of Lyons must, no doubt, be much in-, 
 fluenced by this circumstance; but, as there are no Bills 
 of Mortality kept here, nothing positive can be said as 
 to that point.' * 
 
 
 In the Italian Republic, upwards of 70,000 had been 
 vaccinated by Dr. Sacco and others, previous to the 
 year 1803. By the order of Government, a proclama- 
 tion was read by' the Clergy, from tjje pulpit, inviting 
 the people to adopt this salutary practice ; and at Milan 
 Vaccine Inocuhition was practised in every parish and 
 in every church. — Jiing, lOil. 
 
 In the summer of 1 800, Dr. !VIarshal and Dr. Walker 
 (7?6/>. /). 64) left England, with letters of recommenda- 
 ticn from the Duke of York, to Gen. O'Hara, and the 
 Honourable Arthur Paget, his Majesty's Minister at 
 
23 
 
 the Court of Sicily, for tiic express purpose if in- 
 trocUicin}^- tlie Cow-pox into t\ve Mcdilerruuean. They 
 began by inoculation on hoard the Kntlyniion, and pro- 
 ceeded to Gibraltar, where tlie practice underwent a st . 
 vere trial, the garrison being then su!)si.>tiug on s>alt pin- 
 visions and new wines, in consequence ol the plaguo 
 preventing tlie supplies from Barbafy, and S|Hiin l>cing 
 shut against tlieni by the war; and the thonnometer ire-* 
 quently stood at above 90^. Notwithstanding this, tho 
 soldiers jrfonned tlieir re«xiniental duties as usual : nu 
 one single case occurred where medicine was retpured^ 
 nor was any application recpiisitu to tl>c inocidated part< 
 Thence they conveyed it to Minorca, where it was in- 
 troduced and practised with similar success; sncli 
 bcanien in tlie fieet, under Admiral Lord Keith, as had 
 not undergone the Small-pox, were inoculated, and so 
 extremely mild were the symptoms, that the Captain of 
 tlie Beet (Philip Beaver, Esq.) declared he should have 
 no objection to meet the enemy with the whole of the 
 crew of each ship under inoculation: — a most important 
 consideration at all times to these islands, since it is caU 
 culated, that no less than 10,000 of our seamen are un- 
 conscious of having had the Small-pox. — 5 Med.JL 433. 
 
 nn 
 
 t 
 
 '>.'• 
 
 cer 
 
 da- 
 
 tho 
 
 at 
 
 Proceeding along the Mediterranean, tire practice 
 was introduced at Malta, both amongst the troops and 
 the inhabitants ; and an hospital, called the * Jenneriau 
 Institution f was established by the Governor, Sir Alex- 
 ander Ball, for the gratuitous inoculation of the poor. 
 He also ordered a translation of Dr. Jenner's work into 
 the Maltese language. The ravages of Small-pox had 
 always been dreadful in this island, and at this time the 
 inhabitants were under the greatest apprehensions of 
 it, as some of the men of war in the harbour liad the 
 disease on board, and had buried several of their men. 
 Lord Kcitii and Sii* liulph Abcicrouibie participated in 
 
 'I 
 
^ 
 
 
 14 
 
 these apprehennio'H, and issued orders for those soldim 
 and sailors, who had not iindert^one the Small-pox, to 
 bo vaccir.ated ; and the more etVectimllv to perform 
 thij, Dr. Walker sailed with the licet. — Heport^ m; 
 5 Med.JL 317. 
 
 At the time Dr. Marshal was at Malta, the armament 
 there consisted of 10() Kini>'s ships, and about the same 
 number of transports, on board of which a large army 
 >vas embarked. Mr. Ring justly exclaims (p. SfiT) 
 " Should the Small-pox happcii to rage through such a 
 a fleet, in such a latitude, what havoc must ensue !** 
 
 The practice was received with enthusiasm in Sicily, 
 ln'herc the Small-pox had been, if possible, more fatnl 
 than at Malta; in Palermo alone, 8,000 had died of it 
 the year before Dr. Marshal's arrival. In this latter place 
 an hospital was established, as was also one at Naples; 
 and Vaccination was speedily adopted throughout the 
 whole kingdom; his Majesty having commanded that 
 some children should be sent from every province to thi^. 
 Hospital at Naples, to be vaccinated, attended by sur- 
 geons to be instructed in the practice. On Dr. Mar- 
 shal's quitting Naples, the King presented him with a 
 Gold Medal, and appointed him his Physician Extraor- 
 dinary. Dr. Marshal then introduced it with similar suc- 
 cess at Rome, Leghorn, and Greneva ; and the Dey of 
 Algiers desired its introduction into his dominions. — 
 Hingj 595. 
 
 The number inoculated under Dr. Marshal's imme. 
 diate direction was upwards of 10,000, about 2,000 of 
 whom were afterwards subjected to every possible means 
 of infection by Small-pox, bwt without effect. — Report, 
 p.68i5Med,Jl,3l5, 
 
 
 
 
Q5 
 
 Dr. Oilier, of Geneva, in a letter to Dr. Marcct, saySi 
 *' During the last six years. Vaccine inoculation lius gra* 
 tiiKilly spread at Geneva, so as to bccouiu almost gene- 
 ral, tit least in tiie town itsi'll^ where vacentations have 
 Hucceeded each other without interruption ; and from 
 that period the Sniall^pox, which, on an average of more 
 than 100 years, used to destroy annually at Geneva 
 about 56 individuals, and to rage epidemically every 
 five years, has gradually disiippeared from our city, in 
 which it is now almost totally unknown. During the 
 last three years we have only seen two or three cases of 
 Small-pox, which had been imported from the neigh- 
 bouring Departments, but did not spread, l)ecause, no 
 doubt, all those within reach were secured against its 
 effects." This period was greatly accelerated by the 
 physicians of Geneva, who drew up a strong address to 
 parents, in favour of the practice ; which was delivered 
 by every clergyman to the godfathers, &c. on the chris- 
 tening of a child. — 6 Med, Jl. 23 1 , Ringy 43 1 . . > 
 
 In the beginning of the year 1804, the Small-pox was 
 very prevalent at Lausanne, and proved fatal to several 
 persons ; but not one of those who had been vaccinated 
 was infected by it, notwithstanding many of them lived 
 in the same rooms, and even sle|>t in the same beds, 
 ■with those labouring under the Small-pox. At Berne, 
 Neufchatel, Basle, i^c. the Cow-ppx has superseded the 
 Small-pox ; ** and it is only in the accounts from Eng- 
 land," says Dr. Reeve, " that I hear of the ravages of 
 this terrible malady." — Letter from Dr, Reevc^ dated 
 Oct. 10///, 1805. Edinburgh Med. and Surg. J I. for 
 Jan. 1806. : . ;- 
 
 , ; /j-.;J' 
 
 ■liiri, . 
 
 ■i H. 
 
 I :..^» 
 
 Dr. Sacco, of Milan, Director-General of Vaccination 
 in the kingdom of Italy, liaving been sent for, in Sept, 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
n 
 
 \> ', 
 
 25 
 
 L805, to Florence, where tiic Small-pox was epidemic, 
 ill order to vuccinate a child of M. Tassoni, Charg^ d\\f« 
 faircs of the French Govennnent at the Coutt of Hetru* 
 ria, vaccinated a considerable number of peihons, in the 
 presence of the principal physicians and surgeons of that 
 city; aiid afterwards put to the test of variolous inocu- 
 Jation, not only those whom he had recently vaccinated, 
 but also those who had been vaccinated two, three, and 
 four years before, by the medical practitioners of that 
 city. All tiiese experiments were crowned with com- 
 plete success. Tlie Queen of Iletruria, to whom Dr. 
 Sacco was introduced, presented him with a Gold 
 Medal: ou one side of wtrich are the figures of her 
 Majesty and the young King; and on the other the 
 following inscription — ' Maria Lfinisay 2uten Rcgenty 
 to lh\ Sacco,^ . : , 
 
 ' ♦ I .' '.- 1 
 
 . t' I 
 
 I 
 
 I ' 
 
 i 
 
 From Florence he went to Parma, where he remained 
 only four days ; nevertheless, being seconded by the zeal 
 and influence of M. Moreau St. Mery, he vaccinated 400 
 persons. On his return to Milan, from whence the Small- 
 pox had been banislied for three years, by means of 
 Vaccination, he found that it liad been introduced there 
 once more, by a person from Florence. It quickly be- 
 gan to spread in the neighbourhood ; but as there is a 
 ^w, ordaining, that information should be given of any 
 persons attacked with the disorder, only seven had it in 
 the c ity; the rest, amounting to 26, were carried to a 
 lazaretto, and kept in a state of seclusion. In the mean 
 time a general inoculation of the Cow-pox was com- 
 menced, in town and country. The number vaccinated, 
 on this occasion, amounted to nearly 5000, and was 
 daily increasing, at the rate of from 130 to 160 a day. 
 By these means the Small. pox was again speedily ex- 
 terminated. — n Med. Jl. 63. 
 
 : 
 
27 
 
 
 Vaccination xtm introduced into the Austrian domi« 
 nions in 1799, by Urs. l)c ('arro, For ro, and Carena, of 
 Vienna. The latter translated Dr. .lenner's first two 
 publications into Latin, which caused them to spread 
 with inconceivable rapidity through Germany, France, 
 Spain, Portugal, and Italy. Careno sxtv la faccinet 7.— 
 Dr. Dc (.'arro's exertions in particular have been ecjually 
 indefatigable and successful. In the year 1804, the 
 Small-pox might almost be said to be extinct in Vi- 
 enna, the deaths by it being only tu'Oy and those even of 
 persons not belonging to the place. From 1191 to 
 1 800, the mortality by this disease was, on an average, 
 about 835. In 1801, it was 164only;in I802,61;in 1803, 
 27; and in 1804, two: — an absolute demonstration of the 
 power and beneticial ettects of the Vaccine ; and it is 
 highly worthy of remark, that these effects were pro- 
 duced in the face of a strong opposition ; for Dr. De 
 Carro, in a letter to Dr. Marcet, dated June 18, 1803, 
 speaking of the successful state of Vaccination at that 
 period, emphatically exclaims, ** What a difference be« 
 tween this and the time when I was compelled to ap- 
 pear before the Police, — when Vaccination was prohibited 
 within the walls of Vienna, and confounded with the 
 inoculation for the Small.pox, — when I was prohibited 
 giving public notice of my intention of vaccinating the 
 poor gratis, — when they had nearly turned out of the 
 city a lady, come from Hungary to have her three chil- 
 dren vaccinated, — when I was prohibited publishing in 
 the Gazette the satisfactory result of twenty-one va- 
 riolic inoculations, tried after Vaccination, — when the 
 Court, the Ministry, the Police, all conspired against it ! 
 It is under such auspices that I have at last succeeded 
 in introducing the Vaccine into this capital, and from 
 hence into all the provinces. At Vienna we no longer 
 hear of the Small-pox. For these two years and a half 
 E2 
 
 
 Iti 
 
 I'J 
 
28 
 
 I hnvc not met with a siiit^le iiistuncc ot' it, uiid inuny 
 other pli)hiciaiis will 2>uy tiic ^aiiic." — lu Med, J I. 243. 
 
 The Knipcror gave silver nieclals to sixty parents it) 
 Alsace, who corisc.ited tu have their ehildreii iiioculuted 
 for the Cow-pox {liififf^ 14^) and subnutted two of hiti 
 own children to be vaccinated. — y Mtd.Jl. G4, 
 
 Dr. Portcn chlap, of Vienna, had his infant daughter 
 inoculated by Dr. Do Carro, four hours and a half after 
 her birth, and she was immediately christened * J/ary 
 Elizabt'tli raccini'aJ' Dr. Do Carro suggests, that the 
 thus including christening and vaccination in one cere- 
 mony would soon eradicate the Sniall-pox. 8 Med, 
 Jl. 195. — i'his excellent idea also struck the celebrated 
 Dr. Darwin, who, from opposing tlic practice at its 
 commencemout, became, before the year 180U, one of 
 its warmest supporters. 
 
 Count Francon Hugucs de Salm greatly distinguished 
 himself in encouraging the practice at Brunn, the capi- 
 tal of Moravia, having made a journey to Vienna, to 
 Jearn it. lie oil'ered two prizes to the two Moravian 
 physicians who should inoculate the greatest number of 
 children during the year, and wrote a history of the dis- 
 covery, which he distributed amongst the clergy and 
 schoolmasters.— 5 Med, J I. 351. 
 
 It was |)ractised in Croatia, &c. in 1802 and 1803, 
 and spread nito Hungary, &c. witli the greatest success. 
 A highly Hatternig report was made to tiie Royal Jen- 
 nerian Institution, and to Dr. Jcnner, by Dr. Kraskovitz, 
 Feb. 1, 180.5 13 Med.JL 419. 
 
 Vaccination was introduced into Hanover early in 
 1800, by Drs. Bailiorn, Stromcver, and others; the 
 
29 
 
 former of whom firnt tramlatcd Dr. Jenner** ** Ob^crri- 
 tiuitit*' into the Oeriiiuii liiii;^iia((e; — mto ('u.h<(cI, bv Dr. 
 lIuiioKl ; into Luiii'iibur^, by Dr. Klbchii^; into Hum- 
 bur^h, by Dr. Miicdonald ; into HrutHwick, by Profes- 
 sor Wicdcman, ami others; into llreshiw, by Dr. Friese; 
 and into Bi-rhn, by Dr. Sybel, iStc. — Careno, 1, 8. 
 
 Dr. Davidn adopted it in Holland (where, he «ay% 
 ** the name of .leniier is adored") at a moment when the 
 Smull-[)ox was making its ravai^cs on every side; yet not 
 one of those w'lo had undergone the inoculation of the 
 C'ow.[)ox received irdection. Dr. Davids also traasdatcd 
 Dr. Jenner's 'I'reatise.— /^//*!^, 675. 
 
 The Medical Fjiculty at Keil proposed a prize of 20(1 
 dollars, for the best Dissertation on the true and spu« 
 rious Cow-pox. — Letter from Dr. Gumpmcht to Dr. 
 
 Jenncr^^thScpt, \m\, ' 
 
 It is a curious coincidanre, that inoculation for the 
 Small-pox should have been first introduced into Ger- 
 many through Hanover, and through Hanover likewise 
 the Vaccine V irus. — Ringj S\5, 
 
 ■.^ 
 
 
 ll 
 
 and 
 
 803, 
 :ess. 
 Jen- 
 vitz. 
 
 ' in 
 
 tllQ 
 
 The King of Prussia was the first Crowned Head wh« 
 had the Vaccine inoculation performed on his own chil- 
 dren, fie established a Vaccine Institution in the capital 
 of each part of his dominions, and appointed Dr. Bre- 
 mer, of Berlin, Physician to the institution of that city, 
 with a salary suitable to the situation. Binges /insrurr 
 to MoscUy^ 156. — In the year 1803, Dr. Brenier caused 
 an appropriate medal to be struck, which he distributed, 
 graiiSf to those who were vaccmatetl by the Royal Ino- 
 culation Institute, and who returned on the seventh day, 
 in order to afford matter to others. — TIk> King ordered 
 all those of his army to be vaccinated, who hud not uu- 
 der«jone the Small-pox. — Jiingf 595. 
 
I 
 
 ao 
 
 Dr. Friosr, the nimlor-Cn'ncral of Varcinaiion ia 
 Silesia, reiMirtH (Aii'^. 14, IfMUt) tkit nntwitliHtaiuling 
 Uif. unr ill Gcriiiuiiy, uitli tliu uviU uttciuinnt tlirrroii, 
 haii in sonu* di>i;i'i'c arrc^tfii tlio practice*, n,'tl6 had 
 been vaccinatid in the yt'ar IH03 — a Iohm niiiiilior than 
 that of tlic iurnici' year hy 7()0'J ; thnt the SiimlUpox 
 h.itl hiokoii out early in tho sprinij, ami provaili'd, more 
 or less, during the whole year ; but that those who had 
 been vaccinated escaped its' infection. 
 
 Dr. Friese was charged by the Medical Department 
 to propose to Governiiu*nt a plan for prosecuting Vac- 
 cination on a lari;e scale ; which was agreed to, and 
 certain regulations were, in consc(|ucnce, published by 
 the Royal Chamber at Breslaw ( sec Appendix ) . In atl- 
 dition to this plan, and in order to excite the greater 
 emulation, Government granted the same premiums, as 
 in the year 1804, to several clergymen, physicians, and 
 surgeons, who had distinguished themselves in the prac- 
 lice.— n Mtd.Jl. 57. 
 
 The King of Denmark ordered an Institute of Vac- 
 cination to be founded for Sleswig and Holstein, for the 
 purpose of inoculating .jf/v///.?, and instructing cUrgy- 
 men and schoolmasters, who are directed to make an 
 annual return of the numbe»>. ihey vaccinate, to the 
 College of Health, in order to convince the King of its 
 progress ; and governors of public schools and orphan- 
 houses are directed to send to the Institute all children 
 who are to be inoculated. 
 
 In the first two j'ears of its introduction into the Da* 
 nish dominions, the numbers vaccinated were 20,891. 
 In 1804, 6730; of whom 616 were in Greenland, whi- 
 ther were sent, from the Institute of Copenhagen, four 
 
31 
 
 •ItfriiTtf and Mfcfil clor^yiDcn, well irk^Uuciod in ilM 
 
 The King of Swetlcn had liiit tluii^htcr inoculiUeii wiili 
 the Cow-pox, aii^l CHtahliHlied a Vaccine InstitiiUuu at 
 Stockholm.— 9 Med.JL 6*. 
 
 According? to Dr. Gumprccht, the Elector of Sujibia 
 a<lnpted tho followiiij^ measures, in order to Heciire tlia 
 s|)ecdy j^<mmI eH'turt.'i ol' Vaccination : — Havin^j founded a 
 Vaccine Institution, he puniiJicd tlic pareiUH of thoete 
 cliildren who died hy tiie Small-pox ; and the Cicrf^y 
 were instructed to enter in the church-books, tlcit tho 
 want of parental afTection was the cause of their death. 
 Such children, also, were to be interred on the second 
 day, and all who had not gone throu|];h the Snudl-{)0Xy 
 were forbidden to ashiht at the funeral. — Letter to Dr, 
 Jenneti 5M Jan. IS06, 
 
 In Spain, the practice has been iiuroduced with tho 
 same enthusiasm. IMie King, on reading Dr. Careno*« 
 translation, directed his Minister to write to him, and 
 inform him of his Majesty\s intention to introduce Vac- 
 cination throughout his dominions. Dr. Pigucilem (who 
 published a Spanish translation of Dr. Colon's book^ 
 Jlingf 797) began the practice in Dee. 1800, at Fuig- 
 cerda, and Dr. Sulva introduced it with success at Bar- 
 celona. — CarenOf 10. ■ , . 
 
 t 
 
 ■H 
 
 But the pliihuitliropy of tlic Spanish IVTonarcli was not 
 satisfied with half-measures. In order elVectually to con- 
 vey and secure the blessings, which the tliscovrry held 
 forth, to his subjects in the New World, he ordered an 
 expedition to be fitted out expressly for the purpose, 
 which sailed from Corunna, the 20tli Nov. 1803, under 
 the direction of Dr. Francis Xavier Balmis, ISurgeoa Ex- 
 
 * 1 
 
tr 
 
 Hi 
 
 3^2 
 
 traordinary to the Kinpf, and several other Members of 
 the Faculty, carrying ^vith liiem 22 children, who had 
 never undergon'j the SinalUpox, fo. the purpose of 
 keeping up a series of inoculations, and eflfectually pre- 
 serving J •»'; vaccine virus during the voyage. The ex- 
 pedition iiiude the fust sto[)page at the Cana y Islands, 
 the second at Porto-Uico, and the third at t!ie Caracas. 
 On leaving that province, it was divided into two di- 
 visions ; one sailing to South America, under the charge 
 ot the Subdireetc • Don Franc:* Salvani, the other, M'itli 
 the Director Balmis on board, steering for the Havana, 
 and thence for Yucatan. There a subdivision took 
 place: one part proceeding to Villa Ilarmosa, in the 
 province of Tobasca, for the purpose of propagating 
 Vaccination in the district of Ciudad Real of Chiapa, 
 and on to Goatemala, making a circuit of 400 leagues, 
 through a long and rough road, comprising Oaxaca; 
 ^vhile the rest of the expedition, which arrived without 
 accident at Vera-Cruz, traversed not only the Vice-roy- 
 alty of New Spaiu, but also the interior provinces, 
 whence it was to return to M(;xico the point of re- 
 union. - . 
 
 This preservative against the ravages of the Small- 
 pox was extended thro' the whole of North Aiuerica, to 
 the coasts of Sonora and Sinaloa, and even to the Gen- 
 tiles and Neophites of High Pimeria. In euch capital 
 a Council was instituted, composed of the Principa 
 Authorities and the most zealous Members of the Fa- 
 culty. 
 
 The object of the voyage being thus far accomplished, 
 it was the next care of .he Director to carry his part of 
 the expedition from America to Asia; which voyage he 
 performed in little more than two months, carrying with 
 him, from New Spain, 26 children (many of them iu- 
 
 
ants) ilestincd to be vaccinntod in sitcccsslon, as bcforci 
 Tlie expedition having arrived at the Philij)pinos, ana 
 Bahnis, having f;oncludeJ his phil.inthroj'ic co;nmisslon, 
 concerted with the Captain-General the means of ex- 
 tending the beneficence of the King to the remotest con- 
 fines of Asia. 
 
 l( 
 
 Is 
 
 ital 
 
 In Macao and Canton he accomplished the introduc- 
 tion cf fresh virus in all its activity, which tlie Englisli, 
 on repeated trials, had failed to elTect, as tlicy took out 
 matter in the East India Company's ships, -vhich lost its 
 efficacy on the passage, and arrived inert. 
 
 
 After having propagated the Vaccine jit Can^bn, as 
 far as possibility and tbe political circumstances of the 
 empire would permit, and having confided the furth'ir 
 dissemination of it to the Physicians of the Ehglisir 
 factory at that port, Dr. Bdmis returnect to I^Iacao, 
 and embarked in a Portuguese ve-^el for Lisbon ; 
 where he arrived on the 15th Augast. In the way he 
 stopped at St. Helena, where, he says, by dint of ex- 
 hortation and perseverance (as in other places) he " I'lrc- 
 vailed upon the English to adopt the aseonijhlng anti- 
 dote, which they had under- valued for the space of 
 more than eight yeri-s, though it was a discovery of 
 their nation, and though it was sent to them l>y Jknner 
 himself!'* 
 
 i 
 
 That part of the expedition wbicfi was destined tot 
 Peru, was unfortunately shipwrecked in one of the 
 mouths of the River de la IVl.igdalcna. But theSubdirec- 
 tor,the ♦^hree Members of tlie Faculty who accompanied 
 him, and the children, were saved, with the virus in 
 good preservation, which they disseminated in that 
 port, and its province, with great ac Ivlty and success. 
 Thence it was conveyed to the isthmus of Panama, and 
 F 
 
 "J 
 
ppvai 
 
 n 
 
 
 iv\ 
 
 34 
 
 persons, properly provided, undertook tlic long and 
 painful navigation of the River de la Magdalena : sepa- 
 rating, when they reached the interior, in order to dis- 
 charge their eomiiiission in the towns of TenerilVe, 
 Mompox, Ocana, Socorro, San Gil y Medellin, in the 
 valley of Cueuta, and in the cities of Pani})lona, Giron, 
 Tunja, Velez, and other places in the neigiibourhood, 
 until they met at Santa Fe: leaving every where suit- 
 able instructions for the Members of the Faculty, and, 
 in the more considerable towns, regulations coi'formablo 
 to those rules which the Director had prescribed for the 
 preservation of the virus ; which the Viceroy affirms to 
 have been communicated to 50,000 persons, without 
 one uujavourable result. In March, 1805, they conti- 
 ime'u their journey in separate tracks, for the purpose 
 of extending themselves, with greater facility and dis- 
 patch, over the remaining districts of the Vice-royalty, 
 situated in the road of Popayan, Cuen^a, and Quito, as 
 far as Lima ', and in the August following they readied 
 Guayaquil. 
 
 On Sunday, the 7th of September, 1806, Dr. Balmis 
 had the honour of kissing the King's hand, on occasion 
 of his return. His Majesty inquired, with the liveliest 
 interest, into all that materially related to the expedi- 
 tion, aiKi learned, with the utmost satisfaction, that its 
 result had exceeded the most sanguine expectations that 
 had been entertained of it ; and the particulars were 
 published in a Supplement to the Madrid Gazette, dated 
 14th October, 1806. 
 
 ** The losult of this expedition has been," says the 
 Gazette, " not merely to spread the Vaccine among ail 
 people, whether friends or enemies; among Moors, 
 among Visayans, and among Chinese ; but also to se- 
 cure to ppsterity, in the dominions of his Majesty, the 
 
35 
 
 porpctuity of so j^rcat a benefit, as well by meant 
 of the Central Conunitti-es that have been establislied, 
 ashy the discovery which Bahnis made of an indigenous 
 matter in tlie eows of the valli:y of Atlixco, near the city 
 of l*ucbla de los Angeles ; in the neighbouniood of that 
 of ValI;i(loIid de Mechoacan, where the Adjutant An- 
 tonio Gutierrez met with it ; and in tlic district of Ca- 
 labozo, in the province of Caracas, where Don Carlos 
 de Pozo, Pl'y>ician of the residence, found it." 
 
 The number vaccinated, during this expedition, was 
 no less than t'j:o hundred and ihirfj/ thousand. 
 
 (I 
 \l 
 
 ^% 
 
 If 
 
 
 i' 
 
 It is seriously to be regr-^ "^ed, that this important do- 
 cument, so highly honourable to our Neighbours, should 
 contain reflections on our own countrymen, which must 
 every where be read with surprise.. Britain has ge- 
 nerally had a proud pre-eminence in introducing be- 
 nefits amongst other nations ; but, it must be confessed, 
 we have here received a lesson from the noble, the ge- 
 nerous Spaniard. 
 
 m\ 
 
 ';M'I 
 
 In the year 1801, Vaccination was introduced into 
 T?i' ,sia. The Court was at Moscow, on account of the 
 ' jr nation of the Emperor ; and the child who was first 
 iijoc'dated by Mr. Lindstrohm, Surgeon to his Imperial 
 Majesty, was patronised by that exalted and philajithro- 
 pic personage, the Empress Dowager Mary, who gave 
 her the additional name of * Vaccinoff;^ sent her in one 
 of her own coaches to Petersburgh, to be placed in the 
 Foundling Hospital, as a source of future inoculations, 
 and settled on her a pension for life. Her Majesty like- 
 wise transmitted, through the hands of Lord St. Helen's, 
 a valuable diamond ring to Dr. Jenner, accompanied 
 by a very flattering letter, written with her own hand j 
 F2 
 
 I 
 
 
 yi„ 
 
mm 
 
 \'^ 
 
 36 
 
 l^lso a letter and a ring; to Dr. Fiicse, of Brcslaw, from 
 uiioui the virui was received. — i) Med.JL 4 30. 
 
 The Emperor cominlssioned Dr. Bouttatz, who 
 had visited Loiido ', to travel throu-h the empire, for 
 the |)urpo->e of extending tlie benefits of Vaccination 
 (9 MciL Jl. 581) and who, it appears fro.n the Report 
 of Dr. Uelimann, vaccinated upwards of 20,000 persons. 
 
 Dr. Rehmann, being appointed Physician to the Em- 
 bassy from the ('onrt of St. Petersburgli to China, made 
 his '^bsorvat'^^ps on the progrciis of Vaccination in the 
 conritries tru i. by it ; a Repo! t of which he trans- 
 ttji^cd to Dr. Jc. er, Ironi Kiachta, iii Siberia, on the 
 frontiers of China, 2oth Nov. l«05. 
 
 By this Report it appears that Vaccination has been 
 extended tlirough all the districts of European Russia ; 
 that it particularly flourishes at Moscow, under Dr. Fe- 
 nisch, who is continually transmitting virus to the phy- 
 sicians and urgeons in the most distant quarters of the 
 (Mupire. At Njgny-Novgorod, it had been greatly and 
 successfully pr;iciised. Rchbiiider, the Counsellor of 
 State, had even vaccinated somecinldren himself, Tho 
 ]*rince of Georgia also assisted in extending tlie practice. 
 At Casiin, Mr. Walkott had greatly distinguished him- 
 self, and had taken pains to dispose the minds of the 
 most enlightened Tartar merchants towards the practice : 
 having causi d to be translated into the Tartar language 
 a work, compiled by the Mcdico-Plnlanthropic Society 
 at Pctersburgh, which spread itseif tnrough every part 
 of the empire. Dr. llehniann remarks, that Vaccina- 
 tion is in these countries of even superior importance, 
 as the population is thin, and the lives, therefore, more 
 'Valuable. Through his means the virus was transmitted 
 
 
$7 
 
 to Kaiiischalkii, ^vl^erc (;is has l)ccn seon) tlio desolation 
 by SnKilI-pf)x liad been so great, and also to tlio isluiidt 
 situuLcd between A>ia and America; so that it .woiilJ 
 soon be exUMiled throughout the immense Kussian em- 
 j)irL', iVom Kngland to the eastern extremities of Aiiia, 
 }Ie concliuL'.-> liis Report with a determination to exert 
 his utmost ability to hasten the approachinjr cxtermina- 
 tinn of tlie Small-jiox, '' that scourge oi the human 
 
 
 5' 
 
 race. 
 
 >> 
 
 The benefits of Vaccination liave been more widely 
 difTused through the Russian dominions, in consequenco 
 of the Nobles having tiiemsclves inoculated many thou- 
 sands of their peasants with their own hand^t — ^i'^^t 
 10P9; 8 Med. Jl, 48Pi i) lb, 29G, 
 
 irt 
 la- 
 
 k, 
 ire 
 
 4 
 
 The Vaccine inoculation was introduced, at Constan- 
 tinople, into the family of the Earl of Elgin, the British 
 Ambassador, by virus transmitted from Vienna, by Dr. 
 De Carro, and was practised by Drs. Hesse, Scott, and 
 Pezzoni. Ld. Elgin had two infants of his own inoculated. 
 The Turks, who had refused Inoculation for tlie Small- 
 pox, s ibmit their children to this mild process, and pre- 
 destination itself begins to give way. Some of the most 
 distinguished famihes of the Ottoman empire have been 
 vaccinated, and, in 1801, an infant of the Favourite of 
 the Grand Signior. 7 Med. Jl. 292. — All who have uur 
 dergone it have escaped tlie fury of the Small-pox, 
 which, it is said, raged with uncommon violence the 
 whole of the succeeding winter. — liingf 443, 903, 910, 
 1011 ; 8 Med. Jl. 95. 
 
 The Hospodar of Moldavia has, with unremitting^ 
 zeal, spread the practice through his province, and loaded 
 Dr. De Carro with presents. 
 
 1,, 
 
3S 
 
 Dr. La Font, a French physician, practiscil Vaccina- 
 tion at Salonica, in Macedonia, anil hud vaccinated 
 1 ri2 persons, up to Jnne, 1802. It was inij)artc'd to 
 him by Lord F,l<;in and Dr. Soot, when travelling; in 
 Circccc, who introduced it in March, 1802, at the once- 
 •elcbratedcity of Athens.— 7?///^, 1011; 12 i1/tY/.y/..l-48. 
 
 In March, 1801, the lion. Jonathan Duncan, Gover- 
 nor of Honii>ay, wrote to Lord KIgin, recpu'stin^ him 
 to direct a supply of mattirr to be forwarded thither, by 
 way of Bagdad and Bussorah ; but it was not till after 
 repeated failure, that the effective virus reached Bom- 
 bay. On the 14th June, Dr. Hclenus Scott inoculated 
 Anna Dusthall, a healthy child, of three years old, from 
 vhom emanated the virus which has since pervaded the 
 
 whole of India, 
 
 , » .. • ••■ . 
 
 From Bombay, supplies were afforded to Poona, Surat, 
 llydrabad, Ceylon, Madras, and other places on the coast, 
 and in the Decan. From Madras it was transmitted to Cal- 
 cutta, by succes^'ve inoculations on board the Hunter, 
 other methods of transporting the virus having failed. 
 It was received there with the greatest satisfaction, Nov. 
 n, 1802; and a professional man of eminence was im- 
 mediately appointed by the Governor-General, for the 
 purpose of preserving a supply of genuine matter for 
 the metropolis and subordinate stations, of vaccinating 
 the children of such natives as should apply to him, and 
 of instructing such of the Hindoo and Maliomedan phy- 
 sicians as wished to practise Vaccine inoculation. By 
 him it was communicated to different parts of the coun- 
 try, and even extended as far as Prince of Wales's 
 Island. 
 
 Subordinate superintendants were appointed at eight 
 
iim- 
 
 the 
 
 for 
 
 ting 
 
 land 
 
 By 
 
 )un- 
 
 g^t 
 
 different stations, so distributed as best to diffuse tlie 
 practice ; mid the nuiubor vaccinated, up to Dec. 'il^, 
 1803, was 11,166. 
 
 Fourteen cbildrcn wefc embarked on board the Com- 
 pany's ship Cannart/un, in order to convey the vaccina, 
 virus to Fort IMarlborougli, as the Small-pox, whenever 
 it broke out in Sumatra, among the Malays, ** raged 
 ^ith such devastating fatality, as often to depupulat« 
 whole tracts of country." 
 
 The Govcrnor-Gencraf, in Cpnncil, signified his high 
 approbation of the conduct of the diiferent professional 
 Rien concerned in disseminating the Vaccine inocv.la- 
 tion, and ordered that a History of *' the valuable and 
 important discovery of Dr. Jennerj" of its essential ad-- 
 vantages over the Smali-pox inoculation, together uitb. 
 an earnest exhortation to the natives, — sliould be draw i^^ 
 up, and published in tlie Persian, Hindoo, Bengalese,, 
 and Shanscrit languages. — ShoQlbrtiTs Ji(;port of the 
 Progress of Vaccine Inoculation in Bengj[il»\ , iv.no/r 
 
 The Hajahs of Chintapilly and Tanjore adopted tlie 
 practice in their dominions ; and the Dew'an of Travan- 
 core was himself vaccinatcsd, Aug. 30, ISO*. 13 Med. 
 Jl. 383.— Dowlut Row Scindia, the* Chief ol^'the Mah-' 
 ratta empire, had one of his children vaccinated.— 
 lb. 569, / .;[/ .' ','iS!..> ;u ^v,'"ir;/1'mi;'' biiTi 'jmJ ,u. vi.a 
 
 The numbers vaccinated at Madras, and slibordinate 
 stations, alone, between Sept. 1802, and April, 1804, 
 
 were i45ySiO,--Govemmt. j^dvt. /bid, 283.'"""" ■'' ;'| 
 
 , ,. ,,. , . .,; .ji^.ij , Ti, ; iWii s-.^-K i^url 
 
 Mr. White, the Superintendant at Mysore, vaccinated 
 upwards of 42,000 in the year 1804 (15 A/ed. .//. ''AS) 
 and Mr. Reid, the Supevintendant at Delhi, vacciu&ted' 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
-am 
 
 i 
 
 46 
 
 a pranrt-son and [rMiKiilaughtcr of Shah AUrnn, .Tunc (?^ 
 l«(>3,-jmd attcnvaids four moic of the Ilo^bc of Tiutur«, 
 
 Mr. Pimll, in his speech in the House of Commoa"<» 
 Ju4y 2, 1806, iiient'mned, that in conseciucnce of Vac- 
 cine inocitlntion, only 7.5 persons had been carried olT 
 nimually, by the Smnft-pox, in the town of Lucknow, 
 dnr'mp!' the Ijisf three years he resided tliere ; while the 
 average nurtib^r, before, hed been from 670 to 800. 
 
 The extension of the practice has been so great a«d 
 rtpid erterthc whtflicpctiinsiila, that the total number of 
 riw ■Vacdnatcd is estimated at no less than 880,000. 
 Wiflan an Vacc. tnoc. p. ii. — It has even triumpljcd over 
 t4ife reWgious ptirieipl6s bf the natives ; for, contrary to 
 e^tfietitatiop, the Braflitiiins objected to it, tiiough pro- 
 deed^ing frort' tht ^cr'ed Cou>; and a practitioner, of 
 EiTodti, «*rts, for a trinie, iWipedea in his progress by an 
 old woih?(rt, \VHo attertifited to persuade the people that 
 thnt \Vas to be a mean^ 6f enslaving them, and that they 
 ivould be kntoAvn By the mark in the arm, which she 
 termed * The Covipanjj's Chop,^ 
 
 ) ''• 
 
 The Chinese, like the Turks, liave, with respect to 
 Vaccination, cpnjsented to forego their prejudices^— 
 thus affording One of the strongest proofs of this 
 beneficial effects of it. At the request of Mr. DrARi- 
 mond, the Chief Supercargo at Canton, Mr. Peai^on, 8 
 medical man there, drew up an account of Dr. Jenner^s 
 discoTery; of'itS;adoptidd in all the countries elf Europe ; 
 and of the very great benefit likely to result therefrom 
 to mankind in general^ and the Chinee in particular. 
 Thii was -tfanslatcd into their language by Sir George 
 Stailntbn, and has passed through three editrotis ; to the 
 last of which is addt^ an account of the expedition 
 fitted out by the King of Spain, to propagate VacciAB'* 
 
 
41 
 
 tion in Sojith America and tin; PhilippiiM's, as Iwforr* 
 noticed. 'ViuH treatJM^ lias obtaiiieii m\c\\ celebritv, ami 
 hai been su uiiivirsally roa 1 by thf Ciiinene, that tliey 
 Uiivc Uikun the practice into tlicir own hands. It ap- 
 pears tliey have a particular avi-rsion to tlic u«h; (><" th«i 
 lancet ; l)ut Mr. I'ear^on havinnr introduced an ivory 
 point, they adopted it without scrn[>le. 
 
 
 , t 
 
 : to 
 
 The vaccine viru«», transmitted by Mr. Rintr, Oct. 14, 
 1803, reaclK'd New Sontli Wales in tfu; sprin*^ of 1804, 
 where it wab used, as well as at Norfolk I>l ind, and all 
 the other settlements, with the u .ual Huccess. It is to 
 be rennarked, that tliesc islands are twice the distance 
 of India from hence, and that the virus preserved its 
 active power (though in such a climaie) seven months, 
 viz. from Oct. 14, 1803, till May 8, 1804.— 15 Med, 
 Jl. 523. ' 
 
 » 1. 
 
 Vaccination was introduced at the Cape of Good 
 Hope, by means of a Portuguese siiip from Mozam- 
 bique. The inhabitants univcrsidly adopted it, and 
 caused the whole of their slaves to undergo the opera- 
 tion. — \5Med,JL52i, 
 
 It was conveyed into the Isle of France in March, 
 1804, byCapt. Deglos, of the ship Philippine , who car- 
 ried several children there, infected with the Vaccine, 
 which he had kept up, by successive inoculations, during 
 the voyage. U^^wards of 3000 of the inliabitants were 
 vaccinated, under the direction of the Government. — 
 lb. 523. 
 
 fl 
 
 m 
 
 X 
 
 
 rge 
 the 
 ion 
 
 Dr. Milne has inspired the Portuguese, in the settle- 
 ment of Goa, with such confidence in t!ie practice, that 
 nothing can surpass the eagerness with which they adopt 
 it. His excursions can be compared to none but those 
 
K 
 
 42 
 
 of Dr. Sarro, who pjrx ■* fn)ni omr town or vtilagc, iii 
 Loiiil>.irdy, to aiiutluT, and the children are aNHcnibled, 
 in order to he vact inutud, en massCy by the ringni^ ok' 
 the church hell.— /^r. l)c Cuno to J)i\ liuxCf dated yi- 
 etijiOf Oii.Of I80j. 
 
 Mr. Christie, in a Report to the Ciovcrnnient of Cey- 
 lon, dated Sept. 4, IHOJ {[) A/td.Jl. h'iH) recomniendsi 
 that the Small-pox IlospitaU l>e shut up, as no longer 
 necessary, and the Governor, the Honorable Frederick 
 North, in a report made to Lord Mobart, dated Co- 
 lombo, Sept. 10, declares, '* tliat the most important 
 acquisition, which Humanity has gained in that inland, 
 was the introduction of the Cow-pox.'* 
 
 Early in the year 1199, Dr. Waterliousc, wlio (from 
 his exertions in the cause) has been honoured with the 
 title of * The Jennev of America y received a copy of 
 Dr. Jenner's Treatise. Struck with the importance of 
 the subject, and the incalculable benefit which might 
 accrue to his country, from its adoption, he immedi- 
 ately communicated to the public a sketch of the disco- 
 very, which was most favourably received by the then 
 l*resident, Mr. Adams. Dr. Waterhouse first inocu- 
 lated four of his own children. The succeeding Pre- 
 sident, Mr. JeiTerson, gave the practice his utmost as- 
 sistance. Hospitals were founded ; and it has been 
 widely extended, not only through the United States, 
 but amongst the Indians, who have received it as u 
 blessing from Heaven. — Waterhouse'' s Hist, of the Pros~ 
 pect of exterminating the Small-par, in Hist, of the 
 Kine-Pocky Ut Pt. 1800, 2d Pt. 1802. 
 
 The Small-pox had always been greatly dreaded ia 
 America, and rigid means adopted to prevent the ex- 
 ending of the infection. When a person was seized 
 
48 
 
 with it, lie w.iH immcv!i;i»clv nont, l»v tlio Munit-ipal Au- 
 thority, to a sci-hi(li*il hnspital ; hut it' the disciusc hud 
 proro(><li'(l t<M) lar tor the puticitt to he renioveci, the 
 street, wliere hi' rc'.iiletl, wa* chiHud up witli u hi<j;h 
 fciiee, and a wd tla^ wan hoisted on the hou:>c where the 
 intectiuii prcvaded. — Jiingt TA5. 
 
 I 
 
 ) 
 
 i' 
 
 Tlie Canadian Indians can»e down the country, many 
 hundred miles, to procure the mutter; and their wliolc 
 tribe UiK;a[)ed the SmulJ-pox. — 1 1 AJijd, Jl, 5*72. 
 
 In the island of Jamaica 10,000 persons had been suc- 
 cessfully vaccinated up to March, 1801. Mr. Chester, a 
 surgeon there, conceived the discovery to be of such 
 importance, as to intend rominp; himself to Kngland, 
 for virus, and conveying it by successive inoculations 
 durinjT the voyage; hut was prevented, by otherwise 
 obtaining eft'ective matter, with which he vaccinated 
 near 1000 persons. — liingy T46, 7. 
 
 About the year 1802, vaccine matter was transmitted 
 to Demarara by Mr. Skerret, where it was used with the 
 greatest success in the garrison, which almost entirely 
 consisted of black people. It was also adopted in so- 
 veral plantations in Essequibo. — 9 Med, Jl, 65. 
 
 I 
 
 i^ 
 
 h 
 
 
 The practice has been eagerly adopted in the Brazils, 
 where the Small-pox was particularly fatal. The virus, 
 first transmitted thither from Lisbon, failing, some boys 
 were sent to that place, who, being inoculated with the 
 Cow-pox matter in succession, imported it efi'ectually. 
 Between Dec. 30, 1804, and Jan. 26, 1805, 700 persons 
 were vaccinated in the pa!ace of the Governor, Mr. 
 Menezes, who greatly exerted himself in extending tho 
 practice, and proposed sending matter to Uio Janeiro 
 G2 
 
 
 % 
 
nnd to Anfrol.1. Thr \'iM:ourit nf Anadit, t)m Miniiir^r 
 (>(' tliu Murine uiid C'olonltrff, hud i^^tiicil iKtlert to ull 
 llir (^ovrrnor^ cii lira/il on tlit; ^ulijtxt. — J)r. Burboza 
 to J)i . Jcnnrr, Jan. Jo, 1805. 
 
 TIm^ \accino virus wnsalso convcywl ♦o niirnm-AvrM 
 froni l,iAl>'>n ant) Ui*i Janeiro, |M'c<MM'veU ui crystaN and 
 by tlio Hnccc;H!«iv(> in(K:ul:ition of hlavca, and vrau rr. 
 ceivcd tlicro abotit tliu month of July, ISC'). 'I'ho 
 practiiv! wus tMConragcd hy tlie Ciovcrnmcnt, and dis- 
 scininat jd ovor thi; country, ami upwards of lOOO wi*ro 
 vacrinutid in tlic (onrse of three iiKMiths, with e(|iial 
 slicccsM as in Murope. Dr. (jornian piibh^ihi'd a Trouo- 
 tisc in Spanish, which Ik; had compiled from .he Kng. 
 Jish books srnt to hini, and by wiiich a knowledt<e of 
 the chanicturisttics of the ^eiminc pubtulu was geiicrully 
 diffused. 
 
 Virus was transmitted by the Rov. G. C. Jenncr, to, 
 Mr. Clinch, of Trinity', in Newfoundland, in tli(, year 
 1801, who bei^an tin practice by inoculatinjr Jiis own 
 chddreii, and afterwards 700 of his iieij^hbours. At St. 
 John's, where the Small-pox was making^ great ravages, 
 the most convincing proofs were alfortled to the inha- 
 bitaiits of the elHcacy ol' Vaccine inoculation. — 5 Med* 
 Ji, 401 J Jiep. 163, 
 
 The naturaJ Small-pox, which almost every year de- 
 solated Mexico and Peru, has lost its malignity to such 
 a degree, through the practice of Vaccination, that the 
 number of children, who fail victims to it, is reduced in 
 the proportion of nine to one. — 15 Med. J I. 311. 
 
 Mr. Spalding, in transmitting the Bills of Mortality 
 (rom Poitvmoutl), in New Hampshire (May, 1605) says 
 
•' Siiicr ilic I ut roil net inn ot Uh! Kine-potk, tlic S«na1I- 
 p«>x \uu bi**'!! iiiiknowii ntuoiii^«t ih. We Imivo how n« 
 ib»bclM:vcr» — uli arc Mttt.slicU." 
 
 I 
 
 \ 
 
 ^» 
 
 m 
 
 ^ 4. ...ON THE IMUKiRKSS OK VACCINATION IN CREAT 
 BRITAIN AND IKI LAND. 
 
 THIS practice, tlioiij^h bent;ficiul to all countric!*, 
 since by ull liavu tiie evils ot' tlic Sniull-pox ln*cn cxpe- 
 rienccil, li:is takon mure time to attain its height in this 
 country than in others: a circumstance which, without 
 attributing^ it to envy or jealousy, may probably be 
 accouiitecl tor l)y that ile^reo of liberty which every in- 
 dividual leels hiinscit' aiithuriKCil to exercise. How tVr 
 tliis ou^lit to be under uiodirK-ation or ostruint, it 
 ^vill not here be argued ; but it surely can admit of 
 no doubt, tliut it' such liberty exist, it ought to be rtf- 
 ciprocalf and that wliiie any one has a right to introducHS 
 or propagate a plague in his own family, his nciglibour 
 ought to have an e<[ually strong and equally maintained 
 riglit of declining it. As the mode of Sm.dl-pox ino- 
 culation has l)een carried on for some years past, in 
 this countryi all choice is taken away. The insidious 
 iniecti vui lurks in every corner, and the embracing the 
 coiuiKuaiively lesier evil of inoculation becomes fre- 
 quently a matter of necessity, when infancy, dentition, 
 pregnancy, or other causes, would desire its procras- 
 tination. The Americans, whose practical know- 
 ledge of lib/rty is so often quoted by us, have not hesi- 
 tatod to place inoculation for the Smali-pox under very 
 considei.ible restraints, enforcing a submission to them 
 by pecuniary penalties, Whetlier tlieir example i^ 
 worthy of b^iing -dopted, and whether a restraint, per- 
 fectly consistent with rational liberty, cannot be framed, 
 it seems well worthy the Legislature to determine. 
 
 ^ 
 
 
46 
 
 It must not, however, be supposed, be ause the pro- 
 gr(!ss of Vaccination lias been slower, comparative/ 1/, in 
 these realms, that the practice has therefore been tri- 
 Hing, oris now much less universal than on the Continent. 
 The opposition t'lat has been excited ajj^ainst it, by pre- 
 judice operating apon ignorance and parental fears, has 
 but little rctanlcd its career, altliouirh, as a perusal of 
 the few pamphlets, hostile to it, will evince, the means 
 of aJarm liave been neither sparingly ner delicately 
 used. 
 
 n 
 
 Vaccine inoculation was adopted by the Small-pox and 
 Inoculation Hospitals as early as Jan. 1799. Between that • 
 time and Dec. 1 , 1 802, 1 1 ,800 patients were vaccinated ; 
 of whom 1^500 were afterwards submitted to variolous 
 inoculation, but without effect; and nothir.g adverse has 
 beeii heard of amongst the remainder, though crowded 
 in places where the ^^mall-pox was prevalent.— 9 Med, 
 Jl. 194. .. . i * . : r . , . 
 
 The various establish'^.ients that have been formed, to 
 disseminate it, and the societies that have adopted it, 
 wilJ appear in the list of Testimonies in favour of the 
 practice. Dr. Willasi, who i*« much looked up to, by 
 his brethren, on the subject of cutaneous diseases, in 
 his work on Vaccine Inoculation, published at the close 
 of the year 1 806, gives the following numbers, returned 
 to him from the North of England, &c. 
 
 In Liverpool, and its vicinity - 
 
 Prescot - - . _ 
 
 Vv'^arriugton - - _ 
 
 Manchester ., - _ 
 
 - 7280 
 
 - 3000 
 " 4000 
 
 - 7724 
 
 St. Helen's (of which number 3000 were 
 vaccinated by the Rev. Wm. Finch, 
 . mentioned before, p. 11 ) - - 6000 
 
in 
 )se 
 
 II 
 
 47 
 
 Wigan - - - - - 
 
 Ortiiskirk - - - - - 
 
 Preston - - - - , 
 
 Lancaster - - . - . 
 NcM castle-upon.Tync 
 
 Vaccine Institution, Edinburgh - 
 
 1600 
 
 500 
 
 3000 
 
 i;)oo 
 
 3266 
 3311 
 
 Dr. Willan calculates (p. 13) that the nunil)er of per- 
 sons vaccinateci at Charitable Establishments irj London, 
 cannot be less than 50,000. And of those vaccinated by 
 eighty-six professional men, named by him, more than 
 18,000. Among these are nut included that indefati- 
 gable and successful Champion of Vaccination, Mr. 
 Ring, whose practice alone exte^'idi to nearly one fourth 
 of this number. 
 
 In the country the practice of many professional men 
 has been still greater. Dr. Jenner himself must not be 
 forgotten ; he and his nephews have vaccinated up- 
 
 20,000 
 •- 3600 
 
 - 2000 
 . 3500 
 
 - 2000 
 
 - 20f)0 
 
 - 1000 
 
 -- ' 
 
 •wards of - - - 
 
 Mr. Mainwriglit, of Dudley 
 
 Mr. Lawrence, of Cirencester - - 
 
 IVIr. Collins, of Swansea - ' - 
 
 Mr. Jennings, of Chepstow - - 
 
 Mr. Taylor, of Wootton-under-Edge - 
 
 Mr. Fewster, of rhornbury 
 
 Three professional men at Derby (up to 1802) 
 mentioned with ^approbation by Dr. Darwin, 
 who (as before observed, p. 28) was at first an 
 opposer of what he considered a visionary spe- 
 culation, but who soon y elded to the force of 
 successful exjKjriment, and ommunicpted to Dr. 
 Jenner himself his most decidetl satisfaction - 1000 
 
 HI 
 
 \ \ 
 
 k: 
 
 I 
 
 
 n;. I 
 
 w 
 
 
 l\i 
 
 In addition to these there might be enumerated very 
 many private iodividuals, female as well as male. 
 
48 
 
 amountlnir, acconlinjif to Dr. Willan, to 10 or 12,000, 
 who, tiikinp ii|i the LancH, hare cxh ntlod the bciiciits» 
 of the prHCtico to almost cvorr corner of the ibland. 
 
 Among tlicse stuiid oon.ipitriious,— - ., • 
 
 The Kev. RowkiUl Hill •' * . • • ^ -• 5000 
 
 W. IJramston, of Oakley Hall, Hants, Esq. - 2100 
 Miss Bayloy, of Hope, near Manchester,* (np to 
 
 Nov. 1805) - • Jli" ' - - 2600 
 
 A female friend of Miss Baylny - -"■ m 2000 
 
 Mrs. Kingscote, of Hinton House, Hants ■ • - 2000 
 
 T. Westfaling, of Kudhall, Herefordshire, Esq. 900 
 
 The Rev. I.T. A. Reed, of Leckhamstead (in two ' • 
 
 years) - - '*. . *. 1573 
 The Rev. W. Finch, of St. Helen's, Lancashire, 
 
 (up to 1803) - - - - 3000 
 
 TheRev. Robert Ferryman (to 1803) ' - 1000 
 W. Fermor, of Tusmore, Oxon, &c. &c. ^<c. 
 
 Dr. Willan, whose candour i» equal to his professional 
 celebrity, makes a remark (p. 47) which it would be in- 
 justice to a liberal profession not to insert here:—" All 
 the requisite knowledge and experience," says he, ** may 
 possibly be obtained by Clergymen, Ladies, and Coun- 
 try Gentlemen ; but as many incidental circumstances 
 will occur, requiring chirurgical attention, the mansige- 
 ment of Vaccination, with the responsibility, should be 
 
 • Th. y has carried on her extensive Vaccinations with a judgment 
 and precision that would reflect credit on the oldest practitioner. She 
 Commenced by offering five shillings to any one who could produce an in- 
 stance of the occurr.nce of Small-pox in any subject vaccinated by lier. 
 Out of the 2600i one claim only was made ; but, on her referring to her 
 baokiy she found, to her satisfaction, a remark made against the name, in« 
 dicating a suspicion that the inoculation had not taken effect. 
 
 Mrs. Kjpgtcotc't inoculati^as have been attended with elmiUr sucetss. 
 
 iit 
 
49 
 
 generally left to Surgeons ; who likewise deserve thoii* 
 rfcward, since, by adopting and encouraging the now 
 practice, th^y abandon wliat has tor centuries been the 
 most lucrative part of their profoHsion." 
 
 ' t, 
 
 
 ij'.ge- 
 
 It cannot be denied that the Medical Profession has 
 shewn a liberality in the present case that does it the 
 highest honour. The very few instances that have oc- 
 Cnred of prejudiced, seU-intcrested, or malignantly-in- 
 clined individuals a^iong them, will detract little from 
 the general merit, and, perhaps, on investigation it will 
 be found, that even of these, the majority might fairly 
 exclaim, with their forlorn brother, in Shukespear, — 
 
 «* My Poverty^'* Sec, 
 
 Indeed the same disinterestedness appears to have 
 existed with respect to Variolous Inoculation ; " for,'* 
 says Sir Geo. Baker, " it mu3t be mentioned, to the 
 honour of the physicians of this country, that, very 
 early, the most respected part of them became its 
 Warm friends, and that (contrary to a ' !l-known pre- 
 diction) they had virtue enough to destn y such a con- 
 siderable part of their revenue for the good of nan- 
 kind." — Inquiry into the Merits of a Method of inot u 
 fating for the Small-pox, 1766; taken by Mr. Men i^ 
 man as his motto. 
 
 K^'' 
 
 t 
 
 an in- 
 Iby lier. 
 \g to h(r 
 Ime, iti- 
 
 lu^ces$. 
 
 The Vaccine practice in Ireland, under the active 
 patronage of the present Lord Lieutenant, has become 
 universal. A Jennerian Institution has been founded at 
 Dublin ; and Dr. Yeats, his Grace's Physician, observes, 
 *' That after a candid inquiry, from numerous corre- 
 spondents, the investigation into the merits of the Cow- 
 pox has completely confirmed the great and important 
 fact, first published by Dr. Jcnner, — that the zeal, abi- 
 lity, and industry) displayed by the medical gentlemen 
 
 H 
 
'mmmmm 
 
 50 
 
 ill Ireland, luivc been exemplary, and much contributed 
 to ovtMCOinc piojudices, dissipate fears, and to establish 
 a well-grounded opinion of the Jenncrian discovury, , ,. 
 
 Dr. Chirkc, of Dublin, also savs, " That, captivated 
 by the beauty and siniplieity of Dr. Jenner's discovery, 
 and deeply impressed with the pestilential nature and 
 destructive tendency of Small-pox, he had recom- 
 mended the practice of Vaccination with all his influ- 
 ence. He relates, that in the spring and summer of 
 1806, a very severe epidemic 8mall-pox prevailed in 
 the metropolis, and in many parts of the country; but 
 that in no one instance bad any person, vaccinated by 
 him or any of his professional brethren, taken it. 
 
 Dr. Barry, of Cork, adopted Vaccine inoculation in 
 1300; and he declares, that during six years practice, 
 not a single case has occurred to stagger the general 
 belief of the Faculty in the efficacy of the Cow-pox, as 
 a permanent security against the Small-pox. " The 
 leading circumstances," says he, in a letter to the Royal 
 Jennerian Society, ** brought forward by the immortal 
 Jenner, have been confirmed by recent experience, and 
 by a powerful mass of oral and traditionary testimony, 
 which is to be met with in every parish in this county." 
 
 By the Mortality Bill of the city of Glasgow, and 
 suburbs, for 1806, it appears, that owing to Vaccine ino- 
 culation, only 15 children died of the Small-pox during 
 that year. In ns7, the number was 231. 
 
 It would be extremely difficult, if not absolutely im- 
 possible, to collect tor iier the number of those who 
 have undergone this beneficial remedy in the several 
 parts of the globe. The following, com], dcd from va- 
 rious publications, &c. and generally before noticed, 
 Mfill give some data for calculation :•— 
 
9 
 
 «»g 
 
 ho 
 ral 
 ■va- 
 
 'A 
 
 I 
 
 it 
 
 ... Jiecapitulation, 
 
 In France, in cw<'y^</r o;i/y _ - . - . 400,000 
 In the Italian RejMiblic, previous to IS03, 70,000; 
 from that time to Aug. 1805, 330,000; making 
 
 together -.--- 400,000 
 
 In the two Gallicias, in six montlis - - - - 63/200 
 
 InBreslaw, and its districts, up to ISO!, 34,000, 
 
 and in 1805, 17,000— total ----- -51,000 
 
 In Denmark, in three years ...... 27,000 
 
 In Livonia, thro' the exertions of Dr. Huhn - - 15,700 
 Vn Bohemia, in 1801 and 1802 - - - - -10,100 
 
 In Galabria, in nine months ------ 7,000 
 
 In Florence, &c. ---------- 5,000 
 
 In the Mediterranean, &c. by Dr. Marshal - - 10,000 
 
 In the Isle of France 3,000 
 
 In Jamaica, up to ISO 1 - - . - - - 10,000 
 In Russia, by Dr.Bouttatz, &c. - - - - - 20,000 
 By the Spanish Expedition ----- 230,000 
 
 In India --- 880,000 
 
 In the North of England, &c. collected by Pr. 
 
 Willan 43,600 
 
 Charitable Institutions in London, according to 
 
 ditto ------ 50,000 
 
 Professional men, according to ditto - - - - 18,000 
 
 Other professional men -------- 35,000 
 
 Ladies and private individuals ------ 20,100 
 
 Rep.-^Med. Jls. — Shoolbred—Ring — Willan, Sic- Kf. 
 
 Of course it is not presumed that these numbers arc 
 accurate, much less that they contain the whole of the 
 Vacciiiated, even in the countries specified. And it 
 must be observed , that in this list no notice is taken of 
 Austria, Prussia, Spain and Portugal, Holland, Swe. 
 den, Swisserland, Turkey, &c. the greater part of Ger- 
 many, the whole of Aincrioa, the West India islands 
 H2 
 
 <. 
 (i 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 %\ 
 
 
 
 'I 
 
59 
 
 (with the exception of Jamaica, up to the year \M)l 
 only) and, ahove all, thc> very comidcrablo practice in 
 our oM'ii Kmpiic, of uhicii hut a tritiing portion lias 
 \k\'.u enuineratdi. It must uUo be remarked, tliut la 
 many of the countries noticed, the numbers are only 
 ftated of a particular year, or up to a cotnparHtiv«:ly 
 early period. 
 
 Dr. Bradley (as has been before observed, p, 19) es- 
 timated ttiut not less tiian tzi'o millions had been vacci- 
 nated up to March, 1802, only* Since which time the 
 uxti>nsi\c praciici; in Fratice, Denmark, Kussia, the 
 Mediterranean, Itahan Kopublic, India, the Spanisii and 
 Kussian Expeditions, &c. and the greater part of thu 
 practice of public societies and individuals in these 
 islands, have taken place ; so that the numbers vacci* 
 nated up to the present period must be vast indeed — 
 perhaps, not fewer tlian tenviillions:— ^n amazing proof, 
 surely itself, of the general opinion entertained of it, 
 and the satisfactory results that have every where been 
 the consequence of its adoption, ,1 • • 
 
 ' 1 
 
 ^ 5.. .ON THE COMPARATIVE MERITS OF VARIOLOUS 
 AND VACCINE INOCULATION. 
 
 ; . . .. 
 
 .' ;. 
 
 THAT the Small-pox, whether natural or inoculated, 
 is A fatal disease, has been sufficiently proved. That 
 ^t is loathiotne, infcciiouSf and painful, requires no fur- 
 ther proof thfin individual experience. That it often- 
 times excites Scrojula, and other maladies, is asserted 
 by the niost emini^nt and most experienced in the pro- 
 fession. Tiie authorities might be collected without 
 difficulty ; but as every writer on Vaccination has, more 
 or ie^s^ ililated on this part of the subject, and as ther^ 
 
5a 
 
 is scurcely a faniily wiiicli Ims not had orcasinn, an4 
 thai at uu rcmotu |x:ri(><.l, to bewail a too-intiniatc uo- 
 fjintiitiuicc with it, huic uocd here be rccapituUtutl. -^^ • 
 
 .' .\\\ ' ■"'*•• 
 
 Mr. ■Moore, in his excellent pamphlet ^^4 Reply to the 
 ^nti vaccinistSy li^Ob, p. Hit J after renwrkiniT, that the 
 numoers who siwler bhuchiess tVotn it are very consider- 
 abli;, leters to the Institution in the Borouirh for in- 
 structin^r the indigent Bhnd, ** 710 less than threefourthi 
 ofwhomy' adds he, *' have lost their sight by the Small- 
 po.vf" Ho says (p. 64) tliat wiien a human being it 
 once alVected witii it, the poison cannot bo destroyed ; 
 but the disease, in spite of all medical aid, must go 
 through its stated course ; and (p. 6(i) that aotwithiitanci- 
 ing the niitigution of the disease by inoculation, and 
 the prebcnt improved state of medicine, it very consim 
 derably diminishes population ^ ajlicts a portion of the re^ 
 viainder with blindness y a7id rouses Scrqfula into action.-^ 
 See also 1 1 Med. J I. 512. 
 
 ■f '... -• . -^ -,••'; !• ' ' '■ ■/•■:)': '•: ■■ -v: - ") • 
 
 Of this dreadful disorder, Dr. Beddoes has drawn an 
 animated but horrible picture, in ** The Rules of tha 
 extended Medical Institution for the Henclit of the sick, 
 and drooping Poor." » ;-. it;. n' » 
 
 'I 
 
 'il 
 
 
 '.". 
 
 A 
 
 2d 
 
 o- 
 ut 
 re 
 le 
 
 Dr. Cappe says, the Small-pox are severe and dan- 
 gerous, in proportion to the number of pustules ; and 
 of 1000 persons, inoculated for that disitase, generally 
 more than 800 have pustuies. The Smalt-pox are pecu- 
 liarly dangerous to infants and very yOung childi"en, 
 and women in pregnancy, who very rarely escape 
 abortion when they receive this disease casually. — 
 " The natural Small-pox in pregnant women is fatal, 
 in at least nineteen out of twenty cases, to the foetus 
 in the womb, and to three fourths or four fifths 
 9f thp women," Medical Comm. 17D4; and of those 
 
 m 
 
 
64 
 
 |)roRnont women, whom personal safety has compelled 
 to Hubmit to inoculation, many have lost their own lives, 
 and very few have home livinj^ children." 4 Mrd. JL 
 433. — See some strontf cascs^ 5 Mcd.Jt. 563; 6 Jb. 3. 
 See also Jiing^ 772, kc. 
 
 :m 
 
 111 V 
 
 Even the Grave itself destroys not the contn»Tioni< 
 principles of the SmalUpox, of which many welUau- 
 iheiiticated proofs could be adduced. 
 
 /.v'.i 
 
 \ Not only are '\i% depredation;) universal, hut its ap-^ 
 proach is so insidious, as to render it almost impo<U 
 ffible to be avoided, ft is ascertained, that the Small- 
 pK>x has bcc» imported more tlian one hundred times in 
 ieveji year^f into t!ie Channel ; and twenty times in 
 about SIT 7tuynthSj in the year 1800, by the grand fleet 
 alone. — Address of the Physicians and Surgeons of the 
 Mivy, Ringy 687. " ' 
 
 \ ; 
 
 Observations lately made, and which formerly, when 
 no alternative existed, Avore disregarded, prove, too, 
 that inoculation for this disease, equivocal as it has been 
 at the best in its benefits to mankind, did not always se- 
 cure against a recurrence of it. This important cir- 
 cumstance was at first disbelieved by many very re- 
 spectable practitiotiers ; but a i^apidly-increasing mass 
 of evidence, called into existence by opposition and in- 
 quiry, seems now fully to establish the position. '• " ' 
 
 ,fK' 
 
 Mr, Trye, the Sienior Surgeon to the Gloucester In- 
 firmary, and a man well known to deal little in hypo- 
 tiiesis, — one, too, who does not scruple honestly to avoW 
 his dislike to Vaccination, ** till such a mass of clear, 
 undisputed, decisive evidence came forward in support 
 of the newly, discovered preservaitive, as to be irresistible 
 to a imnd not hardened beyond the susceptibility of 
 
65 
 
 eoDviction/' — a«crU,//<?»/i hit own rrptiUncf^ wliiclta 
 in liju Siii.ill-|>o\) iiu iloclaiX'H has been ample, *' iliul 
 uliHtuvur luiii been liiiid against tlie huihci).*ticv of C'ow« 
 puck matter as u ti>^:curitv a^aiiisi vuriotoiH iiit'octioii, 
 niuy be al:»o Miid with truth agtiiiist Siirdll-pox mutter u« 
 a similar security." In .su[)|)ort of this he ri'luteii in* 
 sUnccg of tiitecjiiivocal Sinall-pox ucciirriiif; a gecoiid 
 time, — one in i)articular, in a case of hiii own operating. 
 —12 Mcd.JL 395. 
 
 This letter, and one in the 15th vol. Med. Jl. 301, 
 pf Nil*. Trye, are so replete with sound and liberal ur-* 
 giiment, and gtj so decisively to the superiority of Vac* 
 cine over Variolous inoculation, that they are touched 
 on thus slightly with regret, but cannot bu entirely left, 
 without being strongly recommended to every one'f 
 perusal. . . > . > 
 
 A ehild of Dr. Croft was inoculated with variolous 
 matter, by Dr. Steigerthal, Physician to Geo. I. Ho 
 had a severe confluent Small-pox, in conseciuence : and 
 yet had it very full, in the natural way, 12 n^onths after. 
 " A striking fact," says Dr. VVoodville, " which ha» 
 never been contradicted.'* Woodvilky 217; liing's/insw* 
 to Moselej/j 43. In which latter work, at p. 208, are col- 
 lected several cases of a similar nature. — See also Hingis 
 Treatise, 56, 58, 222, 681,684, 1034; and Ring'sAns, 
 to Goldson, ., ., 
 
 I 
 
 
 'r 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Kite, in his * Essays and Ol>servatiotis, Physio' 
 logical and Medical,^ p, 253, pubhshed in 1795, previou» 
 to Vaccine inoculation, and without having the subject 
 in view, — enumerates no less than nine cases falling 
 ivithiii his own experience. . t-. 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 HM 
 
 of 
 
 Mr. Dunning, in his * Minutes, p, 62, 66, has some 
 
56 
 
 •iiiiilnr cnu»i«. So al.o Mr. Mi-rriman, in \n**Ob.frna* 
 tioin OH some late Jltrmpls^ iic. noticoi ninnv ; nmnuff 
 others, Olio of l.onl Wismn-atirs son, p. 14 — '■! j/rd, 
 Ji. '25Ct; uikI the ras« of the Duciic&s of HouflliTs, ino- 
 culated in 1763, hy M. (>utti, Phvsiiian to the Kiit^ of 
 Kraniv, an Inoculator of groat ex|H!ri('n.e, and who 
 pronounced licr secure ; p. 18, — Utt also p, 19, 30; and 
 15 jWed.JL 218, 
 
 Dr. Lottsoni mentioned in his cvidcnco [Report^ S!>) 
 that ho had two relations inoculated lor the Small-pox, 
 botii of whom afterwards took it in the natural way, and 
 one of thuni died. 
 
 The celebrated Tissot had a favourite child inocu- 
 lated, and was sutisHed with the appearances ; but the 
 child afterwards cnnirlit the disease, and died. It i.<t 
 safd, the uiifortunute father was so alFectcd by his foss, 
 that he never afterwards omitted to carry a flower daily, 
 and strew on its i^rave. Jiingy 854. — See further on this 
 heady 5 Med, Jl. 30, 403—11 lb. 460—12 lb. 311, SCc. 
 —13 7^.570—14/6.7; 148, 9; 195, 251, 256, 401, 
 430, 511—15 y/;. 61, 234, ^33— IV Ulan, 75, Note— 
 4 Mem. Lond. Med. Soe. quoted Jenntr'*s Inquiry ^ p. 12 1; 
 also Grijjin, Dunning, Merriman, fist-. 5Cc. 
 
 In many of the cases, contained In the abore-quoted 
 pages, the patient died by the recurrence of the disease. 
 
 On this part of the subject mucli and forcible argu- 
 ment might be indulged in ; but an alternative here ob- 
 viously presents itself :— Either the former appearance 
 in the above and similar cases was deceitful, and tb« 
 8mall-pox really occurred but once ; or it must be ac 
 knowlcd^cd, tliat the disease may be twice undergone 
 by the same person. Let us do justice to Vaccinatiop. 
 
w 
 
 If the former part of the Mlicniativc he tliosrn, why not 
 HU|)|)ooe, ;v!ici) Kistau'cs are Hiis|>ccto(l oi Siii.ili-|MX nc- 
 curiii»i; aft^T Cow-pox, tluit tlic ap|KMr.inrfs of Cow- 
 pox liavi Ih;i;ii iiol ncU iriUi-rHionci, atiil tli.it t.ic p.ituiit 
 has iicvor uti<lur|;()iic tl? It the latter \tait. ol tiio alter- 
 native Im' prulurred, wliy then olTer, as an ohjeetinii to 
 Vaccniarioii, t'ue rare oeemrenee of Small-pox after it 
 (if suck has appfu/tufj wKen a ^inl:lar uecurrcucc hm so 
 ul'teii been experienced after SuiuJUpox P 
 
 Milt the penetration and periovcrance of Dr. Jenncr 
 furnirhed such satisfactory tn 'ans of explaining theso 
 anoinalons appear.inces, and all that has yet occurred, 
 or been reverted to, as well in Sinall-pox as Vaccine, 
 noculation, so fullv cuiiiciJes with lii:> hypotliesis, that 
 this seems only to require to be universally known, in 
 order to be universally received. 
 
 His sentiments were first published to the world (tho' 
 communicated to some friends about four year-; before) 
 hi the MtdicalJounial for Au«r. isot, Vol. XII. p. l»7. 
 Conceiving tiie iitformation it conlamed to be of con- 
 siderable importance, and that it had not been vcrv ge- 
 nerally circulated, he reprinted it in Alarcli, 180(), — de- 
 claring, that his inquiries into the subject had become 
 much more extensive, and that the most am[)le testi- 
 monies had been given him, in support of his opinion, 
 that tlie herpetic and so)ne other irritative eruptions are ca- 
 pabie of rendering Fariolons Inoculation imperfect ^a^ well 
 as the Vaccine. — " I do not mean to say," he obser\es, 
 *' that the pustule is always imperfect, and not effective, 
 when the inoculated patient has this malady : on the 
 contrary, it sometimes goes ihrouL^h its course cor- 
 rectly, and, I think, more frequently so when this aifec- 
 lion of the skin has been of long standing, than when 
 of short duration; but what is remarkable, in cither 
 
 ^ 
 
 ,Vj' 
 
 •fi 
 
 \ 
 
 •St 
 
58 
 
 fflse, the (liM*aie ii often quickly subdueil by the 
 (ine iiillucticu on the cuuktitutioii.'* 
 
 He tliun ro|M!(Us iiis inttructionH ivxpixting the spu- 
 hoiiii INiHtuk'i and nicniionH a case that occurred in hi« 
 own |)ructico, to nhew the uHlcucy of the mode of pro- 
 ceeding pointed out by him. Ho aliU) notiecH another 
 euiic, in wliich tlH! Vaccine inoculation effected a com- 
 plete aaniliilatiun of thi^ d>M)rdcr in itn niost serious 
 torn). 
 
 He conchides thU paper, by ohsorvinp^, " tiiat altho* 
 Vaccine inoculation iUk'H not inflict a severe diseaiie, 
 but) on the contrary, produces a mild aifection, scarcely 
 meriting the term * Jiiscase^^ yet, nevertlieless, the Ino- 
 culator should bo extremely careful to obtain a jutit and 
 clour conception of this im|)ortant branch of medical 
 science. He should not only be acquainted with the 
 Jaws and agencies of the vaccine virus on the constitu- 
 tion, but with those of the variolous also, as they often 
 interfere with each other. A general knowledge of the 
 subject is not sufHcient to citable or to warrant a per» 
 son to practise Vaccine inoculation ; he should possess 
 a particular knowledge.** And he wishes strongly ta 
 inculcate, ai the great foundation of the whole, '^ an 
 intimate acquaintance with the cliaractcr of the true 
 iuid genuine Vaccine Pustule. The spurious Pustule 
 would then be readily detected, whatever form it might 
 assume, and errors known no more." — On the Varieties 
 und Modifications of the Vaccine Pustuley occasioned by 
 tin herpetic Stale of the Skin ; bj/Edw.Jen7ter, M.D. He. 
 
 Mr. Conrtcnay, in the debate on Dr. Jenner's remu- 
 Jieration, noticed, that as it appeared 40,000 lives were 
 preserved annually to tliese kingdoms, by Dr. Jenner's 
 discovery, it might be said that no less than. 200,0001. 
 
69 • 
 
 irtaalty Mtrd to the Slate, calcuttting on etery 
 man ix'iiig wurOi to tlu; Hevctiuc 5l. a ycAt.—liep. 196. 
 
 It has been before noticed (p. 10) that the annual 
 number of births in lA>ii(iuti ua.H about 16,291 — now, 
 •uppoiiing the {lopulation d' the im*tro|M)hs to be (as liai 
 been calculatctl) one fifteenth of the \« \\q\v. of the United 
 Kingdom, it follows, that tlie totid number born wdl be 
 244,366; out of which, probably, .24,436, or one tenth, 
 would die before tlie a^e of seven yt^rs, when they 
 would become u<«eful, both in agriculture and our ma. 
 nufactorics. The Mirvivors would be 2l*J,929. Accord- 
 ing to Daron DimsdaleVs mode of treatment, including 
 iieccssiary preparation, not loss than twelve or fourteen 
 days arc occu|Med in going through inoculation, the 
 wliole of which is lost to the labcuiing man; and, cal- 
 culating at only one shilling a day for twelve days, no 
 less a sinri than 131,9571. 8s. may be said to have been 
 Iv>st in labour to the State, annually, 
 
 ' Dr. Denman, bearing testimony to the merits of 
 Vaccine inoculation {i 3fed. JL 292) and exerting bin 
 influence, which is very considerable, in removing pre- 
 judice, says, it appears to him that none of the facts or 
 dbscrvatioiis, inculcated by Dr. Jenncr, have been dis- 
 proved or refuted, and that no new information has 
 been gained on any material point, by all that has been 
 ^vritten on the subject, since the publication of his first 
 Ticatise. 
 
 I 
 
 
 Dr. Willan (p. U, 12, 13) gives lists of professional 
 men of the firrt celebrity, and distinguisiied persons, 
 who have patronised the Vaccine inoculation. 
 
 The Report of the Committee of the House, of Com- 
 Boons affords a very strong body of evidence in favour 
 
 la 
 
 I 
 
 r* 
 
 I 
 
60 
 
 of Vaccination, All that could he hronght forward 
 a<;ainst it, i»r airainsi l)i. Jcai.cr's claim to reward, was 
 received and exumnicd; and yet t'lis, says the Chairman 
 of tlic C'onn:iittee {Admiral Berkeley) ** has proved a 
 matter of fresh trinmph to Dr. Jenner: for, although wc 
 desccnd'^d to sdl, ( ut informatio i from every arioiiymous 
 letter — though we rak'd the very kennels for information 
 against the j)ractice, — all that wc are enabled to get is 
 ponitcd out at iull length in the Report. And such were 
 the explanations ontho-ic very cases — such were the res- 
 timonies airuinst that ev'dence, that if Dr. Jenncr's dis- 
 covery c(fuid receive additional lustre from this sort of 
 inquiry, it certainly has done so." — Report^ 182. 
 
 Dr. Baillie declares the fliscivery to be " the most hn- 
 portant ever made in Meilicine^' {Rep. 9?*) and Dr. Saun- 
 ders, " the "nost important ever made for the benefit of 
 the IJumati Race^^Ib, 63. 
 
 Mr. Neyle, of Piddh'ton, Dorsetshire, proves the su.. 
 periority of Vaccination, by a set of experiments well 
 worthy the attention of medical practitioners. — See his 
 account, 16 Med,Jl. 138, 
 
 Of the objections to Vaccine Inoculation, it is now 
 almost unnecessary to speak. The Compiler of this 
 little work cannot but believe that the Facts and Testi- 
 inonials contained in it render Argument against such 
 objections unnecesiary. He does not, however, feel 
 any inelin-ition to depreciate it ; on the contrary, he 
 earnestly recommends a perusal of the keen and clas- 
 sical pages of RfNG— the refined satire of Moore — the 
 ingenious imagery of Blair — the acute reasoning of 
 Jones — the indignant severity of Hill, &c. &c. 
 
 Two objcclionG, iiuwevci, have been made, which, 
 
61 
 
 A8 they are, on the first blush, imposing, be UuiiwiiiiM^ 
 to pass entirely over. One is, that the Cpw-p^x, thoU)}ii 
 allowed to be a preservative against ijmalUpox, is so for 
 A li|[nitecl time only ; anU tlie other, tiut whethev vucci' 
 natcd subjects are or are not preserved against tlic at- 
 tacks of Sinall-poX) cannot be decided till tliat disorder* 
 rages epidemically f when, as it is implied, the security 
 u'iil be Ibunu insufficient. 
 
 h 
 
 i\ 
 
 S' 
 
 a 
 
 Both ^hese objections appear to take their stations on 
 ground that they may occupy, for a time, without n 
 possibility of being dislodged, since time and experience 
 alone can effect it ; but fortunately for the supporters 
 of Vaccination, and surely now it may be permitted 
 to say, for the sake of Humanity herself, this experience 
 is no longer wanting. , ,, , ,. ,, .., r, 
 
 ^ . .1 , < . . .( ' 
 
 Mr. Ring, in his * Answer to Goldaon,^ p. 35, iCt'. ^| 
 ad(!uced cases that effectually destroy the force of the 
 first objection. On which head also see.Dunning, p. 28, 
 Edinburgh Review , No. XVII. p. Sl-rrW^i/Zaw, Xjixvii. — 
 1 2 Med, JL 1 2— /A. 348-T-/?in^, 809, &Ccj. fiCc > , . , 
 
 Tc the second objection a satisfiEictory answer is given 
 in the returns made to a question put by Dr. Willan, 
 p. xxvii. " Has the Smallrpox been epidemic, so as to 
 put to the test many of thoi>e who have been vaccinated V* 
 its frequent recurrence in Liverpool afforded sufficient 
 proof to establish, " in the minds of all the most respects 
 able practitioiiers, a firm conviction that Vaccination 
 secures the human < nstitution from the infection of the 
 Small-pox, as completely as Variolous Inoculation." — 
 In Prescot, and its neighbourhood, a most malignant 
 Small-pox prev'uled, two years after the adoption of 
 Vaccination. It carried off great numbers of persons, 
 «nd spread a general paaic ; but, in every instance, the 
 yacciqated (oAtients escaped the infection, p. xxviii.«— 
 
 i 
 
 li 
 
 ,r 
 
62 
 
 Jn Wnrrirtgton, Ashton, St. Heleii*s, Prenton, &c. the 
 '•tame has been «jxperienced. — See also p. xxvii. xlii. xlv. 
 
 One circumstance more deserves to be noticed. A 
 pustule may be excited by inoculation with Small- 
 pox matter on a person who has before undergone this 
 disease, whicJi, though thera be no constitutional affec- 
 lion, may aBbrd a matter that will produce pustules in 
 others. The same thing may happen after Vaccination ; 
 and it is to he feared that occurrences of this kind have 
 been adduced as proofs (sufficiently convincing to /»a- 
 'rents) of the persons, on whom such primary pustules 
 •>vere excited, actually having the disease^ — (See the 
 ^Report of the Jennerian Society given hereafter. Articles 
 !XII. and XIIIO-^The most pnident part of the Pro- 
 fession now deprecate the practice of inoculating with 
 Small-pox matter subsequent to Vaccination, as tend- 
 4fl|^to no gOod> after all the satisfactory experiments 
 th&t have been' made, but being likely sometimes to ex- 
 icite so much inflammation ih' the inoculated part, that 
 the constitution may, in some degree, participate in 
 the effects. 'If iuy doubt of security exist, it may be 
 effectually satisfied by exposing the vaccinated person 
 to the contagious influence of the SmalUpox* 
 
 ' Any one, who has gone through the leading publica- 
 tions of tlie Anti-vaccinists— has examined the CaseSy 
 and observed ithe industry with which every thing has 
 been coUected.diat could militate against the new Prac- 
 tice, will only be astonished tliat so few apparently 
 " adverse cases" have been met with, particularly 
 if he consider the diseases to which Infants are 
 subject, and that eruptive appearances', &c. occur at 
 an age when the practitioner would not adventure 
 to perform inoculation or the Small-pox (though he 
 would for the Cow-pox) — when even dentition has not 
 coicmeuced ; so tiiat ail the common disorders a child h«4 
 
 
6a 
 
 to untkrgo may follow the Cow-poir, whilo they would 
 actually have preceded the Siiiall-pox. Post hoCf erg^ 
 propter hoc. An aniplo fiulu tUiS| for Ignorancu or Mtt> 
 levolence to glean in ! 
 
 it 
 
 i. 
 
 11 
 
 
 The Physicians, Surgeons, and Apothecaries, of the 
 Medical Hospitals at Manchester, in an Address to tlm 
 Poor, (6 Med,JL 116) declare, — 
 
 1. luoculation for the Cow-pox has been practised for 8c« 
 Teral years, with constant success, in various parts of tha 
 kingdom. 
 
 2. It has never failed to prevent the infection of the na. 
 tural Small-pox. 
 
 3. It may be communicated with safety io persons of every 
 age and sex, and at all times and seasons of the year^ with 
 equal advantage. . 
 
 4. The Cow-pox is much preferable to the inocniatcd 
 Small.pox, as being a milder and safer disease, and not ca* 
 pable of infecting the persons living in the same family, or 
 even sleeping in the same bed. 
 
 5. It does not produce eruptions, which scar and disfigur(y 
 the face, and is seldom, if ever, attended with any other 
 marks of the disease, than what appear on the arms from 
 inoculation. 
 
 6. Neither swellings, blindness, lameness, nor any other 
 complaints, which are known frequently to be the conse. 
 qucnc.i of the natural Small-pox, and sometimes (though but. 
 seldom) of the inoculated Small-po^, have been observed to 
 follow the Cow-pox. 
 
 7. Alarming fits frequently seize children when sickening 
 of the Small.pox; and while cutting their teeth, this disorder 
 often proves dangerous; but no such objections lie against 
 the Cow-pox. 
 
 8. So far from proving hurtful, delicafe and sickly ehil. 
 dren are often improved id health by having passed through 
 this complaintr . < . 
 
 m 
 
 f, 
 
 ^1' 
 
64 
 
 0. Srarccly any remedies or attendance are required far 
 the Cow-pox. ' ■ ] • r • 
 
 10. There is no noressity for a eoursc of physic cither be- 
 fore or after iiiorulatioii. • i* ^ « 
 
 1 1 . The time of the parcuto t:ill not be taken up in affend- 
 ancc upon the sick^ to the injury of the support of the rest 
 of the family; and, to poor families, this is an object of no 
 imall importance. , ' . ^ 
 
 The Finsbury Dispensary also published the follow- 
 ing, Feb. 16, 1803, (9 Med. Jl. 214):— 
 
 The power of the Cow-pox, as a preventive of the Small- 
 pox, seeming now fully established, the following well-au- 
 thenticated facts are presented to the public, to encourage 
 persons to embrace this favourable opportunity of avoiding 
 the baneful efl'ects of the Small-pox in their families, one of 
 the most dreadful maladies that afllict the human race. * 
 
 1. The Cow-pox, properly conducted, has not failed, in 
 a single instance, of proving a certain preventive of thcSmaU* 
 pox. ' " ^ 
 
 2. The Cow-pox is a disease unattended by fever, and 
 perfectly free from danger. 
 
 3. The Cow-pox is seldom attended with eruptions, and, 
 therefore, cannot disfigure the skin. 
 
 4. As the Cow-pox is not infectious, it cannot be commu- 
 nicated in any other way than by inoculacion : the mother, 
 therefore, is not liable to disease from suckling her child. 
 
 5. The Cow-pox is never productive of other diseases, or 
 any blemish whatsoever. 
 
 6. The inoculation for the Cow-pox may be performed at 
 any age, or under any state of the constitution; even iu 
 children during tht time of teething. 
 
 JOHN REID, M.D. 
 THOS. JAMESON, M. D. 
 . JASP. RICARDS. 
 
 MICH. BARTLETT. 
 
65 
 
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 Mr, Ring vaccinated a child immediately after its 
 protect it against the Sniall-pox, iiriuer which another 
 laboured. It proved siucesifiil, r.nil the- child was cfciu 
 to the SrrialUpox with nnpunit\ .— JJ Mid. Jl. 63. 
 
 •J- U -— — • 
 
 birth, in order to 
 child of the faniiiy 
 atcerwards expo!>ed 
 
 t ■ 
 
 P 
 I 
 
66 
 
 The Med'cal Committee of Norwich, in their Ad- 
 dress to the Iii!ial)itiint<4, inukc use ot the tolluwing scn- 
 hihle and liberal arguments :— 
 
 That tills rcconiniciulatioii may rorclvc crcry assistanco 
 that a candid and impartial inquiry can give it, wi; shall 
 brit'lly cxamiiic ihe force of the objections brought against 
 Cow )\ inoculation, and draw a parallel be(weeii its ellects 
 and the ellects of inocuUter! Sni.'«fl-po\ upon (he liuinaii 
 body. It is admitted, on all hands, (hat the Cow-pox is 
 never fatal ; whereas, in the inoculated SmalUpox, one in 
 300 perishes, —a cireums(ancc of no trillinc; consideration. 
 It is asserted that Cow-pox is not, universally, a security 
 against Small-pox, there beiii;; instaiiees alleged of persons 
 taking the Small-pox, after having been inorulated for the 
 Cow-i)Ox. To give this argument its full force, let us ad- 
 mit all the alleged cases to be true, and then proceed to as- 
 certain the proportion they bear to the whole number of 
 persons who have been inoculated for the Cow-pox. From 
 this inquiry it appears, that of 250,000 persons, who have 
 been inoculated for the Cow-pox, only 50 persons have been 
 alleged to have suifercd from subsequent Small-pox. Thus, 
 even in this view, the Cow-pox is highly to be preferred to 
 the Small-pox ; as, from this estimate, ow/y owe person in 
 5000 is liable to Small-pox ; zchercas, in inoculated Small- 
 pox, it is admitted that one person in 300 perishes. But a 
 more minute investigation has shewn, that of these fifty al- 
 leged cases, only ten have been substantiated by evidence 
 admissible and adequate; and that it is probable, among 
 these ten cases, some deception or mistake may have taken 
 place, on the same grounds as in some of the asserted cases 
 of Small-pox, subsequent to Small-pox, and in which the 
 Chicken-pox has been taken for Small-pox. Admitting, 
 however, these ten cases to be established, the conclusion 
 from such admission strongly proves the superior advantages 
 of Cow-pox inoculation ; as, in that case, instead of one 
 person in 5000, only one oerson in 25,000 would be liable 
 to Small-pox. And further supposing, in the 250,000 per- 
 Aons '''oculated for the Cow-pox, that tea of them (as as. 
 
61 
 
 trrtcfl) shohld be liable to Sm.ill-pox, and should artually 
 take it, and in the ca.sual way, and that of thiso ten, onv iii 
 five should die (which is a greater proportion than nally 
 ohUins) it would then appear, that of '25().(K)() perMnii ino. 
 culatod for the Cow.pov, only two perkons would have 
 died, and those from subsecjuent Small. |io\; whereas the 
 dcattis from (lie same number of persons ('i50,0(XJ) inocu- 
 lated for Ninall.pox (taking the received proportion of 
 one iu JOG) would, be about K31. Thus it is proved, that 
 the fatality of Suiall-pox inoculation, com|ured with that of 
 pcsons takin;; the Small-pox in the casual way, subsequent 
 to the Cow-pox, is, as near as may be, 834 to 2: — a fact, 
 at once ktrongly exhibiting the superior advantages and mild- 
 ness of the Cow-pox, when compared with Small-pox. 
 
 Memorial of the Med. Committee of Nomichy p, 9. 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 ^ 6.. ..TESTIMONIES IN FAVOUR OF VACCINE 
 INOCULATION. 
 
 THE Testimony, of all others the least equivocal 
 and most satisfactory, has already been given in the 
 enumeration of the Countries wherein tlie .leiinerian 
 discovery has been adopted, and the manner and degree 
 in which it has been practised. The celerity with which 
 it has made its way, in regions and amongst men, so 
 opposite in manners and customs, could be the conse- 
 quence of success only. Failures, in a few instances, 
 would have been sufficient to have checked, if not en- 
 tirely prevented, its extension ; and professional pride 
 would have combined with national pr^-judiee and ri- 
 valry, to consign it to eternal oblivion. 
 
 
 But weighty as the argument is, which this general 
 extension of the practice affords, there arc positive tes- 
 K2 
 
 
68 
 
 titnonials rxisiin;^, which (aiinof hut hnvc prrat inflti- 
 ciicc. on thi" piihlic opinion. Thn^c tnr.y, for pci'spi- 
 cuitv sake, be arrati^cii utKL-rtlie followin}; heads: — 
 
 I. Pirect Testimonies of Societies, 6(,c, iiiufeNi.iuaal 
 as well as otherwise. 
 
 II. Diplomas, and other honours, conferred on the 
 JJiscoverer. 
 
 III. Miscellaneous tokens of approbation, presents, 
 &c. Ike, 
 
 To whieli niiglit bo added, thccncrp^etic, t)ic grateful 
 tcstinijuies of individual writers, as well foreign as do- 
 mestic. 
 
 1.... Direct Tcs/imom'alSj SCc. 
 Among these, the following stand cons))icuous : — 
 
 Testimonial of the College of Physicians. April 13, 1802.— 
 licputt, 162. 
 
 Testimonial of the Medical Society of London. March 22, 
 1802. 
 
 Tcstimnnial of the London Practitioners — 4 AfeJ. jfl. 187; 
 5, 103; 6, 239. 
 
 Testimonial of the Physical Society of Guy's Hospital. 
 
 Report of the Medical Council of the Royal Jennerian 
 Society. Jan. 2, 1806. 
 
 Directions of (he Governor of the Mary-le-bone Infirmary 
 (of zihich Dr. RouIpj/ zcas Phys/'ciati) to discontinue Va- 
 riolous, and adopt Vaccine, inoculation. Feb. 1806.— 15 
 Med. jL 232. 
 
 Edinburgh Testimonial. June 9, 1804.— 12 Med, Jl.ll* 
 Ditto. Jan. 25, 1805.— 13 Jb. 286. 
 
69 
 
 Fin««hury Dlsprniiry Adilrc»» to tlie l*oor. Fcbruftry \(J, 
 180.;.— y Med. J I. '27 1. 
 
 Address of the Royal Somerset Jcunoriaii Society. 1 I 
 Med. Jl. 3 IH. 
 
 Address of (lie Sussex Jennoriaii Society. — 12 Med. JL 19. 
 
 A Te»^^timotiial of rlieir approbafion of Vaccine innctilatiotif 
 by fiv;* Fliysicisus :mu1 seveiiJeeii Surgeons, al Leeds. At 
 C'hestor, by foui- rii^sicians aiul twelve Surgeons; and at 
 Diuhaui, by one I*hy iiei«ii and seven S ir^cons. Meetings 
 of the Faeul'y wcrr al>o held at Y'oik, Jliill, IVirmiiighum, 
 and other plaees, where similar resolutions were adopted. — 
 4 Med. J L 570. 
 
 Addro's of the FaruKy at Manchester, to <hc Poor. — 
 6 Med.Jt. 115. 
 
 Testimonial of the Plymoufli and Plymouth Dock Prac- 
 titioners, Jan. 7, 1801 ; signed by five Physicians and twenty- 
 six Surgeons. — b Mid.Jl. 156. 
 
 Resohitlciu of Thanks to Dr. .Tenner, from the Benevolent 
 Medical Society of Kssex and Herts. June 8, 1801. — 6 Med. 
 J/. 113. 
 
 Ditto. May 3, 1802.- 8/6. 192, ^ 
 
 Address of the Colchester Medical Society, established 
 1774. Nov. 10, 1801.— 7 Med. Jl. 528. 
 
 Address to Dr. Jenner, from the Suffolk Society of Sur- 
 geons. April 19, 1802.— 7 3/a/. J/. 386. 
 
 Resolutions of the Sussex Grand Jury. March 19, 1801. — 
 12 Med. Jl. 10. 
 
 Memorial of the Medical Committee of Norwich. July 
 29, 1805. 
 
 Nottingham Testimonial. Oct. 16, 1805.-15 Med. J I. 251. 
 Ditto. July 9, 1806. 16/6.182. 
 
 f 
 
 
70 
 ,>^^rLiii>rpool ditto. April '2'J, IMX!. /6. iJCt. 
 
 Dr. Bt'JdopsN letter to Dr. J«'mur — lb. 43. 
 
 TfHtimuny of tlu' CSovcritor in Council of Madran. Julj 
 ?8, IHOI.- 13 Med.Jt.'iHS. 
 
 Cuinpliniontary Addrchses fruin the Frrnch National Insti. 
 tiitv to Dr. Jcnncr. 
 
 Letter addressed hy the Medirul Committee for the niflTii- 
 •lon of the Vaccine Tiiociilation at Paris, to the Ma}«>rH of 
 the twelve districts. — 5 Mat, J I. 35(J. 
 
 Testimony of the Vaccine Central ('ommittoe atPartx, on 
 Mr. Goldvon'tt Book. 8 Mess. ann. 12.— IS Mid. JL 3^8. 
 
 Address of the Jury of Iloalth at Araieni, to Lord Corn- 
 irallis.— /l<7). 171. 
 
 Address from the Medical Society of the Department 
 dc I'Indro et Loire. April 19, 1802. 
 
 Address, and Testimony of the efllcacy of Vaccine inociu 
 lation, from the IMiysicians, &o. of Ureslaw, Nov. 10, 1802. 
 
 Letter from Mr. Adams, President of the United States, 
 to Dr. Waterhousc.— ii//i^, 868. \,i; . ,,4< , .,^,w.> 
 
 Letter from Mr. .leflTcrson, the President, to ditto. Dec, 
 25, 1800.— 6 Med. J I. 6». 
 
 Letter from ditto, to Dr. Jenner. May 14, 1806. 
 
 
 •■ '. '^Ut 
 
 t>. e 
 
 i 
 
 \\.., . Diplomas y fife. 
 
 ...'. vi 
 
 • Diploma from the Physical Society of- Guy'a Hospital. 
 Feb. 20, 1802. ."-'■^' /'* 
 
 Diploma from the Royal College of Physicians of £diii« 
 burgh. 1802. ' *"' ' ■•'* •»•■''-'.* •■r' 1. .u.'»o. 
 
Tl 
 
 Diploma from the Koytl MrUical Socioly of EdiDbnrith. 
 March 7, 1M09. 
 
 niploina from the ITnlvcrtily of Gottiniifn : — *' K. J. Im- 
 morUiis numinis Modiium, do oiiiiii huuiaaitatr luoritukU 
 mum." Sept.LM, 1801." 
 
 Diploma from the UnUonUy of Wilna. Nor. 10, 1801. — 
 U Med. J I. t'JH. 
 
 Diploni.t from the Uo^al Medical College of Stockhulin* 
 March 31, 180G. 
 
 Diploma from the Medical Society of Parb. 25 Vciit. 
 tun. 10. . 
 
 Diploma from the Medical Society of Tours. 2 Mes!«, 
 ann. 10. 
 
 Diploma from the Medical Society of the Department du 
 Card. Dec. 1802. 
 
 Diploma from the Medical Society of Avignoa. May 25, 
 1803. 
 
 Diploma from L'Agogna, in the Italian Republic. 
 
 Diploma from the Royal Society of Economy at Madrid, 
 Oct. 10, 1801. 
 
 Diploma from the American Academy of Arts and Sci- 
 ences ; signed *-' John Adams, President." May 25, 1802. 
 
 Diploma from the Philosophical Society of Philadelphia; 
 signed " Th. Jeflerson, President." April 27, 180 1. 
 
 Diploma from the University of Cambridge, in Massachu- 
 cett's, North America. Aug. 31, 1803. 
 
 The Freedom of the City of London presented in an elegant 
 gold enamelled Box, with appropriate devices, and the fol- 
 
 (! 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
79 
 
 lowin({ iiiirrifition :— ♦* Prricntci! to KiIm(|. Ji'tmrr, M. D. 
 f.L. D. F. U.S. I)| lh«' ('orporadoii of l<()iii|oii, Ilili Aii|(. 
 I8(»3, in fhi- MavoraU) of tlu* III. lion. ( Im.. I'ria, .M. I'. 
 a<« A tukvn of till ir «<M)<ie of hi* fikill ami pcncvrranro iii tho 
 (li^roMT) of, and bringing into gcncrul use, tlio Vaccine 
 Jnoriilalion.*' 
 
 The Freedom of the CUy of O tblin. Oct. 19, I SO I. 
 
 The Freedom of tho C\ty o( Edinburgh. Oct. 31, IHOI. 
 
 The Report of the Committw of the House of (.'ommoiis, 
 March, 1802, and vubkcqucnt Cirant by Parliament. 
 
 Letter from the Dowai^er F.mpress Mary of Russia, to Dr. 
 Jenner, witli a vuliiablu Diumoiui Ring. An;;. 10, 1802.— 
 Hing, 1011. 
 
 Tho floid Medal of the London Medical Society, inscribed 
 *^ K. Jenucr, M. D. Socio suo cximio, ob Vaccinationem ex. 
 ploratam." , 
 
 The Medical Officers in the Navy (V^accinc inoculation 
 having been p lopted) voted a Gold Medal to Dr. Jtiiner, with 
 an appropriate address, signed by eighty-seven subscribers 
 to the medal. Feb. 20, ISOl.— 5 Meil. J I. 4'n—(ic he re in 
 u description of it), , <• 
 
 The Medical Society of Plymouth, Dock, and Storehouse, 
 requested Dr. Jenner to sit for his picture, to Northcote. — 
 11 Med. Jl. 40—10 /^». 43. , , .. ^ 
 
 A Subscriplion from the county of Cloccstcr, for a Service 
 of Plate to Dr. Jenner. 
 
 A flattering Letter to Dr. Jenner, from some public-spirited 
 individuals at Calcutta, accompanied by a M^ry handsome 
 present. 1806.^ . .. , : ^ 
 
73 
 
 Dr. Hr)*^ lo I)r. JiMimr, April H, IHOA.— 16 Mtd.Jlt. JT. 
 
 The I^r('«tor« of thr tA^J India Comjwn? frtfrd • plorc 
 of pUtt', valiif 'i(X) t(uin(M<«, to Dr. IV Carro, fur hii niili'a. 
 XMirn to introduce \'.ic .iiuiiuii into (he Hrtiiah tctllctnculii 
 In India — \1 Med. Jt. I'i3. 
 
 > . * * 
 
 A MtnUil WM struck, with the hrad of Dr Sarco, of hfl« 
 Ian, and thin imcriptiun : — '' Alo^tiun Sacro. Mrdiol. Mrd. 
 H (Jhir. I*rur.-~.lonnn'ii iKinulu, Ainici Uutiunicni^, A.J. 
 
 A. B. l(al. Hep. Coiu." 
 
 ^ ., . II.. . ^ .. f I . < .. .1 ., . .. •. I • . ■ 1*1 >' I 
 
 Inntructionfl fo Ui>f (mental SursconK, pnbli«hrd under (ho 
 authority of tba Commander in Chief. Jan. 1) 1S06. • 
 
 • » • ■ 
 
 'j'he Testimonial of the London Medical Societj/t b^ore 
 , . n ,. , noticed. ... 
 
 At a Meeting of the Medical Society of London,* March 
 ■^ 22d 1802 — 
 
 , ol'i ' ' In'i!.'' I fu; I. ii:: /'' j'JAul'ii'U'.V .I'v \U. // 
 
 Resolved auauimously, '. .nuoi'i Ji.yv .lu. \ ,\ • :;iu^ '. 
 ..<.• That the Members of the Medical Society of London, 
 • taking into consideratiou the very important discovery made 
 by Dr. £dward Jennrr, are of opiuion, that great benefit 
 will accrue to the inhabitants of these islands, and to man- 
 kind in gencrad, from the introduction of Vaccine inocula- 
 tion ; and that, from their own experience, as well as from 
 tke extensive and succcHnful trials made in various parts of 
 •the world, it will, in all probability, ultimately eradicate the 
 
 ,11 I* The Medical Society of London consit'tc of nbove l50 memberi ^- 
 ll4eot in the Jidctropolis, and more than double that number residing in 
 oiher placet. Qf the whole body, more than •oe half are PhyticiaiWret 
 the highest reij)ect»bility> and io exteoiivt practice. 
 
 ji'! ..... . . .... - .C . .1. ) i - ' Iti ^^ - . ;'. '. I 
 
 V 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 % 
 i 
 
ntsmjm 
 
 74 
 
 SoMll'pox, one of the most fatal diseases to which the ha< 
 nan 6peci«s is liable. 
 
 Signiil, b) order of Ihr Mcctinp» 
 
 JAiMES SIMS, President. 
 
 Testhudnial of the London Prac/ifioficrs, before noticed. 
 
 Many unfoundi'd reports having been circulated, vfhich 
 have a tendency to prejudice the public against the inocula- 
 tion of the Cow-pox, — We, the under.fii^ned I'hjsiciarts 
 and Surgeons, think i* our duty to declare our opinion, that 
 those persons, who have had the Cow-pox, arc perfectly se- 
 cure from the future infection of the Small-pox. 
 
 We also declare, that the inoculated Cow-pox is a much 
 milder and safer disease than the inoculated Small-poxy 
 
 faigncd by Drs. Babington, Baillie, Bancroft, Baity, 
 Blackburne, Blanc, Boys, Bradley.^ Clarke, Cooke, Crichton, 
 Croft, Dcnnian^ Dcnnison, EHiot, Farquhar (Bart.), Fearon, 
 Frampton, Fryer, Garnctt, Garthshore, Gibson, Haighton, 
 Hamilton, Hawcs, Hayes (Bart,), Hooper, Hulme, Hunter, 
 Latham, Lettsom, Lister, Maton, Mayo, Pcmberton, Pinc- 
 kard, Pitcairn, Poignand, Saunders, Sims ( Jas.), Sims (Jn.), 
 Squire, Stanger, Thornton, Thynne, Vaughan, Underwood, 
 Walker, Walshman, V/illan, and Yelloly ; Mess. Ahernethy, 
 Addington, Aikin, Anderson, Andree, Blair, BHss, Brick, 
 enden; Brown, Bureau, Burrowes, Burrows, Cairncross, 
 Chambcrlaine, Charlton, Cbilver, Cline, Clutterbnck, Cole- 
 man, Cooper, Cribb, Curtis (Jn.), Cortis (L. L), Curtis 
 (W.) Dale, Davis, Douglas, Dowers, Dunn, Dundas, Dy- 
 son, Farquhar, Fearon, Foof, Forbes (M.), Forbes i W.) 
 Ford, Foster, Gaitskell, Gardner, Gib, Gilder, Good, Good- 
 win, Grenville, Griffiths, Gristock, Harris, Hayes, Higgins, 
 Hill, Hogben, HoUe, Hollings, Holt, Home, Horsford, Hur- 
 lock, Jeaffreson, Johnson, Jordan, Key, Knight, Leesc (L.) 
 Leese(E.), Leighton, Lewis, Lewthwaite, Luxmore, Lynn, 
 Mackinder, Maiden, Massie, Maule, Messiter, Millington, 
 Moore, Morris, Moss, O'Conner, Owen, Parkinson, Pa- 
 tfcinosicr, Pa>thcrus, Pearson, Perfect, Phillips, Phipps, 
 
75 
 
 Pktt, Pole, Portrr, Ramsdcn, Rrid, Ricardo, Rmg, 
 Roloh, Rush, Stajjram, Scares, Sharp, ShfMon, Shirley, 
 Simh.unds, Siinpsun, Smith, Steel (Jos.), Steol (R. H. II.) 
 Strong, Thomas, Tarnbiill, Tuson, \V arc, Warnt-r, Wathen, 
 Whately, Witham, WootI, Woodward, Woolriche, Wye, 
 Young (G. W.), Young (J.) 
 
 -i • 
 
 The Testimoniai of the Physical Society of Gui/s llou 
 piial, before noticed. 
 
 The Original, signed by the indiviJt'al Members, was 
 presented to Dr. Jenner: — 
 
 We, the Presidents and Members of the Physical Society 
 of Guy's Hospital, deeply impressed with the importance of 
 the discovery of Vaccine inoculation, arc anxious to express 
 our opinion of its efficacy, and our profound veneration for 
 its Author, 
 
 We entertain a perfect conviction that this inoculation !:> 
 A certain preventive of the SmalUpox, and trust, the period 
 is not remote, when that dreadful scourge of the human I'^ctt 
 ■will become totally extinct. 
 
 We arc fully persuaded, that when Vaccination has been 
 properly conducted, no instance has occurred of its having 
 Ojccasioned any dangerous consequence, or faiJod to produce 
 those elTects which lis Discoverer has set forth. 
 
 We further state our belief that the Vaccine inoculation, 
 from its superior mildaess, will call forth those latent seeds 
 of diseast .vhich occasionally arise from the Small-pox, even 
 under the best mantigoment, and which wight otherwiio 
 never have happened. 
 
 We feel the warmest sensations of gratitude and respect 
 for the liberal manner in which the Author has commuui- 
 catod his discovery to the world, uninfluenced by any mo- 
 tive of self-consideration, We contemplate the di-scovery 
 itself as a memoiable epoch in tho Annals of Medicine. 
 
 The Society presumes to hope, that the Author of i\\\% 
 happy discovery will meet with that reward from his grateful 
 L 9 
 
76 
 
 rouutfy, wfiicli he jnsily di^erves, for havin;^ tliiw reiuUrfd 
 Iiiimdf riio B^ncfat tKr of Maiikiud. ' '< it ts ' 
 
 Signed by Dm. ITakjutov, WAi.siiwAff, fi: TinRrT: and 
 
 MfRisn. CooPT.a, Saum akkz, & Hahdy, Prcsidoiitu, 
 Amd b) one hundred and six other Mcmbci's. ^ '• " 
 
 Jxtport of the ^fe(Ucal Council of the Roxjal JeuneviaH- 
 Society, on the Subject of f'accinc lnocukitio)( 
 
 The Medical Coimcil of the Royal JeniioriaiT i<ociety, 
 liaving- been infoimcd that various ci^ses had occuned, 
 Avhiclj ex(Mtcd pn^jiidices against Vaccine iuocuiation, 
 aiid tended to check the progress of that iiupijrtaut dis- 
 covery in tliis kingdom, appointed a Coniniittce of 
 twttiity-iive of their Members to inquire, not only into 
 the nature and truth of such cases, but al.^o into the evi- 
 dence respecting instances of the Small-pox, alleged to 
 ha^c occuned twice in the same person. 
 
 Inconsequence of this reference, the Committee made 
 diligent in'piiry into the history of a number of cases, 
 in which it was supposed that Vaccination had failed to 
 prevent the Small-pox, and also of such cases of Small- 
 pox as \rere stated to have happened subsequently to 
 the natural or inoculated Small-pox. 
 
 lu the course of their examination, the Committee 
 learned, that opinions and assertions had been advanced 
 and circuhited, which charged the Cow-pox with ren- 
 dering patients liable to particular diseases, friglitiul in 
 their a)>pe:irance, and lutherto unknovvn ; and judging 
 suc'.i opinions to be connected with the question, as to 
 the efficacy of the practice, they thought it incumbent 
 upon them to examine also into the vaUdity of these 
 injurious statements respecting Vaccination. 
 
 After a very minute investigation of these subjects, 
 tjie result of their inquiries lias been submitted to the 
 
77 
 
 McJical ( oiuicil y and fiuui ibc Report of the CuiupiiUe* 
 it aji|j«' II ., — i .> / 
 
 . I I,i.4'v DiMSt of ihe cases which have been hmuglit for* 
 wurcl IS nistanfss ui' the failuie of Vaccination to preveni 
 the S'lial.-p x, a«Kl which have been the subjects of public 
 atte'u.'.m and conversation, are enlu-r whohy uufoundeJ, 
 or ^ jssIv .T.i^ifpiescnted. 
 
 II. Ihit sorue of the cjses ar« now allowed, by the very. 
 pcisoiis who first related them, to have beeji erroneously 
 stated. 
 
 III. That the statements of such of those cases as aro pub- 
 lished have, for lire most pari, been carefully investigatedj 
 ably discussed, uhJ fully refuted, by didcrent writers on the 
 subject. 
 
 IV. That notwithstanding the most incontestible proof* 
 of such rulsiepvcseiitations, a f^'W medical men have persisted 
 in repeatculy bringing th^ same unfounded and refuted re- 
 ports, and misre])rescntations, before the public ; thus peri 
 ver$ely and disingenuously labouring to excite pRjudices 
 against Vaccination. , ' ; 
 
 V. That in some printed accounts, adverse to Vaccina- 
 tion, in which the writers had no authenticated facts ta 
 support the opinions tliey advanced, nor any reasonable ar- 
 guments lo maintain them, the subject has been treated with 
 indecent and disgusting levity, as if the good or evil of w-, 
 ciety were fit objects for sarcasm and ridicule. 
 
 VI. That when the practice of V^accination was first in- 
 troduced and recommended by Dr. Jenner, many persons^ 
 who had never seen the effects of the vaccine fluid on the 
 human system — who were almost wholly unacquainted with 
 the history of Vaccination, the characteristic marks of the 
 genuine vesicle, and the cautions necessary to be observed 
 in the management of it, and were, therefore, incompetent 
 to decide whether patients were vaccinated or not — never- 
 thelf-ss ventured to inoculate for the Cow-pox. 
 
 VII. That many persons have been declared duly vacci- 
 nated, wlan the operation was performed in a very negligent 
 and unskilful manner, and when the Inoculator did not af- 
 
 {' 
 
 9 
 
 i 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 
78 
 
 ^nvnrji see the patients, and therefore could noi ascertaia 
 whether infection had taken place or not ; and that to thit 
 cause are certainly to be attributed many of the cases ad. 
 (iuced in proof of the ineflicacy of Cow-pox. 
 
 VIII. That some cases have been brought before the 
 Committee, on which they cou'd form no decisive opinion, 
 from the want of necessary information a to the regularity 
 of the precedinij Vaccination, or the reality of the subse- 
 quent appearance of the Small-pox. 
 
 IX. That it is admitted by the Committee, that a few 
 eases have been brought before them, of persons having the 
 SmalUpox, who had apparently passed through the Cow- 
 pox in a regular way. 
 
 X. That cases, supported by evidence equally strong, have 
 been also brought before them, cf persons who, after having 
 once regularly passed through the f.nall-pox, either by ino- 
 culation or natural infcctipn, have had th^t disease a se(on4 
 time. •' ' • • ;:.;-.. .."■■. 
 
 XI. That in many cases, in which Small-pox has oc- 
 curred a second time, after inoculation or the natural disi> 
 ease, such recurrence has been particularly severe, and often 
 fatal ; whereas, when it has appeared to occur after VaccU 
 nation, the disease has generally been so mild, as to lose 
 some of its characteristic marks, and even sometimes to ren-f 
 der its existence doubtful. 
 
 XII. That it is a fact well .. certained, that In some par- 
 ticular states of certain constitutions, whether vaccine or 
 variolous matter be employed, a local disease only will be 
 excited by inoculation, the constitution remaining unaf- 
 fected; yet that matter, taken from such local vaccine or 
 variolous pustule, is capable of producing a general and 
 perfect disease. 
 
 XII I. That if a person, bearing the strongest and most 
 indubitable marks of having had the Small-pox, be repeat- 
 edly inoculated for that disease, a pustule may be produced, 
 the matter of which will communicate the disease to those 
 who have not I ^^en previously infected. 
 
 XIV. That, allhuiigh it is difficult to determine pre. 
 
79 
 
 fisely the number of exceptions to the practice, the \fecli- 
 cal Council are fully cotn-uKe4 tlut the failure of VaccU 
 nation, at a preventive of Snull-pox, is a very rare oc 
 curence. 
 
 XV. That of t}»e immense number who have been vac- 
 cinated in the Army and Navy, in different parts of the 
 United Kingdom, and in every quarter of the globe, scarcely 
 any instances of such failure have been reported to the Com- 
 mittee, but those which are said to have occurred in the 
 Metropolis, or its vicinity. 
 
 XVI. That the Medical Council are fully assured, that 
 in very many places, in which the Smail-pox raged with 
 great violence, the disease lias beeii speedily and efleclually 
 arrested in its progress, and in some populous cities wholly 
 exterminated, by the practice of Vaccination. 
 
 XVII. That the practice of inoculation for the Small- 
 pox, on its first introductiou into this country, was opposed 
 and very much retarded, in consequence of misrepresenta- 
 tions and arguments drawn from assumed facts, and ot mis- 
 carriages arising from the want of correct information, si- 
 milar to those now brought forward against Vaccination, 
 so that nearly fifty years elapsed before Small-pox inocula- 
 tion was fully established. 
 
 XVIII. Thatj'by a reference to the Bills of Mortality, it 
 will appear, that to the unfortunate neglect of Vaccination, 
 and to the prejudices raised against it, we may, in a great 
 measure, attribute the loss of nearly 2000 lives by the Small- 
 pox, in this Metropolis alone, within ♦he present year, 
 
 XIX. That the few instances of failure, either in the 
 inoculation of the Cow-pox, or of the Small-pox, ought 
 not to be considered as objections to either practice, bii 
 merelv as deviations from the ordinary course of nature. 
 
 XX. That if a comparison be made between the preserva- 
 tive efixvts of Vaccination, and those of inoculation for 
 the Srr ail-r>ox, it ^N-ould be necessary to take iiito account 
 the gne-itet number of prrsons who have bt^n vaccinated 
 within a jjiven time, as it is probable, ~hzt within the last 
 uvan ytarsj nearly as many persons LiVc been inoculated 
 
so 
 
 ■for the Cow-pox, an wcrr ever inoculalrd for the Strall-po* 
 since tl)c prnrtirt: was intrcHurfd into this kin|i;'l<<m. 
 
 XXI. That, from all the fatts which thrv have* hc«*n ahic 
 to collect, it appears to thf Metliial Council, thit the 
 Cow pox is gfncrally mild and harmless in its effects, and 
 that the few cases, which have been alleged against this opi- 
 nion, may be fairly attributed to peculiarities of cunsti- 
 lution. 
 
 XXII. That many wf!l-known cutaneous disease*, and 
 some scrofulous complHiniv, h;i-ve been represented as the 
 effects of Vaccine inoculation, when, in f.ict, tlrey origi- 
 •nated ."rom other causes, and, in many instances, occurred 
 long after Vaccination; and that such diseases are infinitily 
 less frequent after Vaccination, than after the natural or 
 inoculated Small-pox. ', ('• ' "^^"■' 
 
 ' Havifjp Htjitod these facts, and made these o<)serva- 
 tions, the Medical Council cannot conclude tlieir Report 
 upon a subject so highly important and interesting to 
 ail classes of the community, without making this so- 
 lemn declaration : — 
 
 Thaty in their opinion, founded on their own individual 
 experience, and the information which they have been 
 able to collect from that of others, mankind have already 
 derived great and incalculable benefit from the discovery 
 of Vaccination , and that it is their full belief, that the 
 sanguine expectations of advantage and security, which 
 have been formed from the inoculation of the Cow-pox, 
 will be ultimately and completely fulfilled. 
 
 Signed by — Drs. Jenner, P/"c.vic/e»^/ L.ettsom and Ring, 
 V, Pres.; Adams, Babington, Baillie, Blane, Buxton, Clarke, 
 Croft, Denman, Fraser, Hamilton, Hooper, Lister, Marcct, 
 Myers, Rees, Squire, Walshman, Willan, and Yelloly. 
 
 Messrs. Addipgton, Aikin, BUir, Chamberlaine, Cooper, 
 
 Cordcll, Dimsdale, Fi< \i, lord. Fox, Gaitskell, Hingesiun, 
 
 Home, Hurlock, Jones, Key, Knight, Leese(E.), Leese(L.), 
 
 Lewis, Parkinson, Paytherus, Pearson, Ridout,Upton,Wach- 
 
 sell, Williams, and "Wilson. 
 
 John Walker, Secretary to the Council. 
 Jan. 2J, 1806. 
 
 
81 
 
 7... Conclusion 
 
 TIIK Testinumials of t!ie London Practit'onerH — of 
 the London Medical Society — and of tin; Society oi 
 Guv's Hospital — were ^iven l)etween the years 18U0 
 and 180'J, — Testinioniah', flecisivolv exprossini* the opi- 
 nion of the nioiit rcs])ectable and biiglitcst ornaments of 
 a Jiberal and learned profession. It is since their ap- 
 pearance, and with these documents before them, that 
 the Anti-vaccinists haveptjblished (or r'.-pnbli>heJ) their 
 objections. The motives, the temper and disposition, 
 of these opposers and riva/s of a Bailiie, a V:u-t]uyiar, a 
 Vaughan, &c. — an Abernethy, a Cline, a Cooper, a 
 Hinif, &c. — will best be learned from their works: a few 
 specimens of wiiich are therefore here added. 
 
 Dr. Moseley, the first opposer of the new practice, 
 •tarts tluis : — 
 
 *' Th^ CouC'poT has lately appeared in England, This is a 
 new star in the ^^scuiapean system. It was first observed 
 from the Provinces. It is so luminous there, that the 
 greasy-heeled hind feet of Pegasus are visible to the naked 
 eye. The hidden parts of that constellation, which have 
 puzzled astronomers, as to the sex o4 Pegasus ; and which 
 Hippart}ias, Tycho, Hevelius, Flan'.stead, and Herschel, 
 could never discover. The reason now is evident, 
 
 " The medical Pythonissas are divided in their opinion 
 respecting this phenomenon. 
 
 '♦ Great events are foreboded. — Some pretend that a res- 
 tive greasy-heeled horse will kick down all the old gally- 
 pots of Galen. — Others, that the people of England are 
 becoming like the inhabitants of a wilderness, be)ond the 
 land of Cuthay, seen in 1333, by the rare and inimitable Sir 
 M 
 
S'2 
 
 Joliu Mandcvillc, — who, he say% were " wild, with horn* 
 vn their heads, very hideous, and iipcak not ; but rout as 
 swine." 
 
 *• Can any person say what may be the consequences of 
 introducing a iics/ial humour — into ih- human frame, after 
 a long lapse uf years ? 
 
 •♦ Who knows, besides, what ideas may rise, in the course 
 of time, from a brutal fever having excited its incongruous 
 impressions on the brain ? 
 
 •* Who knows, also, but that the human character may 
 undergo strange mutations from quadnipcdan sympathy; and 
 that some modern Pasiphati may rival the fables of old ?" 
 
 " I flattered myself that either my ridicule, or my rea- 
 soning, in the preceding: publication, had some effect for a 
 while ; but I deceived myself. The indecorous became 
 more so. Reason was dethroned, and trampled under foot. 
 The tempest raged. The press groaned dreadfully; and the 
 English language expired under the load of Cow-pox 
 Parnns! " 
 
 *' It is a lamentable reflection, that men of learning should 
 hzvc joined in this diabulkai conspiraci/. But much more 
 lamentable is the reflection, (hat such mc7i should persevere 
 in it.*' 
 
 ** From this Cow-pox medley of tseak Philosophers, and 
 strong Fools, the world will form some estimate of the state 
 t)f Physic in England. 
 
 " The Medical tribe in London, must be viewed in-, an 
 extraordinary light by people of understanding; when they 
 see zchai huvock Dr. JenxlRj and his COfV, have made in 
 their itilellects.'^ 
 
 " One bewildered soul, starting in his phrenzy, vows 
 that ' the sweet influence of the Pleiades, and the bands of 
 Orion,* are nothing but Jennerian pustules; then decorates 
 Vac c I N A with moons and stars, — worships the divine Beast 
 in Pythagorean relationship, — sends her to the Heavens as a 
 Constellation, — and swears he will have a Cow, instead of a 
 Bull, in the Zodiac. 
 
83 
 
 " AnotliT cnt.thma/, Smithfuld nvlcraty <Uag« Vacc i ?« a 
 to the sUughtcr>hou$e; and, in cnrmvoroun hijmn^^ *>ngt the 
 praises of her tlivisibility on the shambles, in ticef^sicaks, 
 Rounds, and SurloinSf-— like a savage of New Zealand. 
 
 *' But these ravera are not the men, who alone have car« 
 xied the Cow-pox disastrous practice, into its widely-ex- 
 tended effect. 
 
 " The cuipriit, nho keep out of $i^hiy and prompt the mis» 
 chiefy and have not Ltonour enough to renounce, nor cou- 
 rage enough openly to defend, their conduct, will not be 
 forgotten. They mny skulk behind the curtain, and keep 
 the stage occupied, by bringing forward one silly Bufloon 
 after another, 
 
 • Tofttd conttntlon In a lingtring act,' 
 and blind the publick, — but they will not escape. 
 
 ** It will be remembered," the Edinburgh Reviewers 
 remark, (No. XVII. p. 14,) that Dr. Benj. Moselcy is here 
 speaking of such men ab Baillic, Vaughan, Farquhar, &c, 
 &c. — in fact, of the whole practising Physician! of London, 
 with the exception of his facetious friend Dr. Squirrel." 
 
 Again, he says, ** It is certain I should have been more 
 flattered in this victory over the Cow-poxers, had the Flock- 
 tons themselves, the Chiefs of the puntoiiiimic zsar^ attackod 
 me in propriA persona; and not to have had their parti 
 undertaken by their Buffoons, who know nothing of the 
 Farce but what they are taught from day to day, by their 
 prompters," 
 
 In one of tlie dreadful cases, introduced by Dr. 
 Moseley, he says, — 
 
 " On all the places where the ulcers have been, after they 
 were dried up, patches of hair appeared ; some as large as a 
 six-pence or a shilling. On the parts where the first scabs 
 were, the hair is longest ; and some of it is very much like 
 Coxa's hair. If the ulcerations continue to come out as 
 others dry up, and the hair continue to grow in proportion 
 as it has done, this poor child must be, in a few years, in* 
 slosed in a sort of Cozens hide." . ..^ 
 
 M 2 
 
 J< 
 
^ 
 
 •4 
 
 •' r'»»/if;»rn/.— Ro'.vi ANft Id t i. m»y ffll p«r<|)1f, ih^rc it 
 no tnrtn in ai hjg<!y »kin ; nnH may \ay, tlir h?irt of Ari»tn« 
 iiirnck wa% hiiiv, an(i that hr wai tint thr wtirvf fi)r it. Ko 
 ih': fact rrrtainly w.ii. But iIkh he nfVff hii«l the ('ow-pox. 
 Hriidfi, the rinv is not similir in o'hpr r«'*|>»*fts. Arinio* 
 monc.^ W.IK an Athenian (iftirral ; this poor child is not an- 
 Atlioniiin (icnrr.Tl," — A:. &c. '. . 
 
 •' A mind »h.it ha« had tho ^rnvfwp Cow-pox, if fittrd to 
 fcrpetrat' the deeds of n Ci*ment^ or u Hupftiilur. It Ims 
 ma<li' {i^ood r.en bad, an<4 bad worso. T/td Oenstli/ tuhjcct 
 has gt nci'dted bcu^tlij vioruh." • . 
 
 It niii-.t \w. ackiiowl-'dgL'tl tli;it ihis is *'hu(1iciciitly com- 
 niis('ul)lc; but it' wc would sound, the very ba.'^c sling 
 of huuiiliLy, W'c must turn to tbt; Doctor's sfjmiatc chap- 
 ter, addrcKhcd to the said Itcv. Uoulaud iiill." {Eilinburgk 
 Jieiu':i'f 46.) — Tiic lust ot wlucli ut-giiis thus: — 
 
 *' Row I AND, 
 
 *' I bought your Pamphlet, entliK'd. * Coio Pock fnoculu- 
 Hon Hiuiculcd ;^ dated tlie 2nh of March, 1806. 
 
 ** I paid a shilling for it. Rowland, — it is not dear. 
 Th'^' same quantity of Folly, Falsehood, and Impudence, 
 could not have been bought for twice the money of any 
 other Cow-poxer; — from the Ganges to the Mississippi." 
 
 A Dialogue tiicn follows, which must not be passed 
 over inasuiucii as it furnishes a criterion of the talents 
 of a man, extolled by his friends as one of exquisite wit 
 and humour,— one who *' dazzles their astonished sight 
 by the refulgent shield of unl ; and while the Justice of 
 his cause, the/orce of his arguments, and tiie pou-rrs of 
 his language, combine to form a complete Panopli/f the 
 feeble darts of his weak assailants, like old Priam's javelin, 
 scarcelv reach the mark, or glance harmlessly against 
 his impenetrable armour.''^ — Lipscomb's Dissertations. 
 
 *' Rowland. Madam, you are an Otter. A thing to 
 thank God on. You are un animal. Nay, you are a com- 
 
85 
 
 pound nf alt norH of animaU. Tht ftc<h of tith, fnwH, a<»4 
 
 InmaIh of (ti 
 
 bat U'lii ii 
 
 (I mil 
 
 in III (iiiiiTi'iit Koru, nat imh-ii iiii-nrporatti 
 aiiiinul franu' ; <'*<*ii from llu< most lillli) rnafiirf ilu- h«»n.'» 
 
 *' I \u'\\e\r it il nothing but rusiotn that m.\kt'> yon pnf.r 
 the wrll-liil h«»«, to the wr!l-fid horw i or to a ruu«tcd 
 puppy: or to :i AUv of a dcul man." 
 
 *' Hf no nu'uiis tln'o quarrel with tliP Cow." 
 
 " Mailam, 1 t' II yoti Inr ^c^y Dims? is a line poultl<o for 
 Horsfs fivt, atul ficai/.lurh. Kinjjsaud Prinrt-s rat It, by 
 Hay of Mustard; and Dr. .MostLtv knows it, if he wcrt 
 candid ("lou^h to confcstt it. 
 
 " Kowi.AND,— I do (onfihs it. You arc fcry rii;ht. 
 Tru'.h somi'timcs surprises me, but never oUeuds me. 1 have 
 seen many Kings and Princes eat »oracioiisly of this Cow- 
 pox Mit.'faid. Try it, Ko\>i.ano; and you will never e*t 
 Dtirliani Mustard a^ain. i will give you the Uuccipt for 
 luakint? it, from a work of the highest authority. — Mind, 
 RowLANo. — * I'ake the finest part of the lilfh in the guts of 
 the tow, and season it with salt and pepper. Mix the iiu 
 grcdieiifs woli to^i ther. 
 
 . '* I kiK. \v my credit has Ions; stood very low Mith Coir« 
 poxertt ; but 1 hope this will raise it; and, as a further con. 
 firmation of your corrertness, I refer scrupulous readers to 
 the learn A work itself; w' c they will not only find tho 
 ftbore Rec^'ptjbuf the followiu;. interestin<? remarks on it :— 
 
 *' This ^l a 'tar.ly inadc with (.'ow-diinff, is reckoned a nio^t 
 curious Sauce by the .'Ethiopians, — miiKi, Howlahd — by 
 the ^Ethiopians ; — and thay (all it Mania, But only Princes, 
 and very great ps'rsons, cm a lain this Royal Dish , because 
 it requires much Pepper, which all men have not." 
 
 " Aiind, liowr-AVD. It requires nun Pepptc ; an article, 
 luckily for Cow-poxers, not dear in Kiiji;la!ul." 
 
 *' How, Row LA\n, — ought a boj/ to be whipped for the 
 usurpation of an c foe an a; making the word men instead 
 
 of a 
 
 >ran. 
 
 " Suppose this same in»prrtinent letter e should escape 
 from <i boy's hand, and take the place of /, in your name, 
 and make it appear that 1Icj.l was to be sueu in Surrey Cha- 
 

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5 
 
86 
 
 pel,— -wonld you apply the birch ? No, Rowland, rcrlainly 
 not.— That would be Uellishf 1 mean Iliiltsh^ severe indeed.'* 
 
 ii.i 
 
 ■A /««> 
 
 ** Vaccinators now, of every clasR, — from Cow.pox Apollo 
 himself, down (o Cow-pox Men-midwivcs, and Methodist 
 Parsons, — have had a fair and impartial trial ; and after ai) 
 obstinate perseverance in pro].agating a new disease, among 
 their fe'low-creaturcs, are Jully convicted of having failed^ 
 in the presumptuous enterprise^ to perforin ichat no earthly 
 poKer can atchfeve" 
 
 Hi. 
 
 . ► 
 
 I It 
 
 " It was natural for all sober, Tcflcctinc; people to suspect 
 a caase, where, Dr. Pearson excepted, there has not up» 
 peared one man famed for experience, or renozsned for scim 
 ence, in Medicine^ —either in England, France^ or Germany^ 
 that has given it uny practical support. In every country the 
 Subject has seized the ' heat-opprcssed brain,' of e:^trcmisti 
 only." ' >'* ' .i^i - * i- ■,< ■ ■ 
 
 'i ^.. 
 
 The Reader is recommended to compare this * refuU 
 gent shield of wir with * the feeble darts of his weak as-, 
 sailantSf of which a quiver full may be found iu Ring'i 
 Answer to Mosi'eyy^c, ♦- 
 
 Thus much for Dr. Moseley.* Of those who follow 
 him in his labours, less may suffice, Dr, Howley be» 
 gins by remarking, that ,. 
 
 ^*' To investigate and expose imposition^ to refute niany 
 medical errors, and to establish demonstrative truths in the 
 theory and practice of the art, have occupied the attentioii 
 of the author through a long life, incessantly dedicated to 
 the study and practice of physic." 
 
 * " I smile when 1 read that the pompous Dr. Mosely has iaoculate4 
 thousands of people in the West Indies, with the SmalUpox, without Io»e- 
 ing a patient. Dr. Moseley practised at Kingston, in this island ; and U 
 is a well-known fact, that his practice was extremely limited, and that he 
 was much more devoted to Music than Medicine." — Lttttr from Mr, 
 U'esten, St. Anne's Bay, Jamaica. 17 AftJ. Ji. 61. ., . 
 
The nature of his investigations may be judged of by 
 tSj following sentence :— 
 
 " Indeed, no other questions arc admissihU' in Vacriuation 
 than, Ifave the partiis brcn inoculated for thf Cozcpox? 
 Haw Ihcy hcon vaccinated? Icy. Have thcv had the Small- 
 pox aftcrwar'ls? K'?. As to now, wiiex, where, whether 
 the Cow-pox tnukf was genuine or .spurious, or any argu- 
 ments, however sppcious, as pretexts for doubt or failure, 
 they arc evasive and irrelative to the question. They may 
 confound fools, but not illustrate the credit o/ Vaccination. 
 
 " After such a declaration," say the Edinburgh Reviewers, 
 " it certainly cannot be worth while to refute Dr. Rowley's 
 rases. It wonld be little less absurd to tell a jury, in a trial 
 fop murder, that the only question was, whether a pistol had 
 been fired or not, and that it was of no consequence to in- 
 quire, whether it was loaded with ball, or whether the suf- 
 ferer had died by a pistol-shot ! " 
 
 The compliment he pays to his friQnd''s penetration 
 may, fairly, be added : — 
 
 ** Dr. Mosclcy, who sensibly first exposed the errors of 
 Vaccination, saw this case of the ox-faced boy by my desire, 
 lie observed to me, that the boy's face seemed to be in a state 
 of transforming, and assuming the visage of a Cow 1" * 
 
 M 
 
 ''•ii 
 
 I 
 
 • Dr. Rowley's public advertisement is worth preserving. — ** Four Hun- 
 dred and Forty Proofs of the Inutility of Vaccination. The Second Edition. 
 This Day is published, priceSs. COW-POX INOCULATION NO SE- 
 CURITY AGAINST SMALL-POX INFECTION. By WILLIAM 
 ROWLEY, M. D. Member of the University of Oxford, the Royal Col- 
 lege of Physicians in London, Physician to the St. Mary-le-bonne In- 
 firmary, Author of Schola Mediclnae Universalis Nova, (the Rational and 
 Improved Practice of Physic), and Public Lecturer on the Theory and 
 Practice of Medicine, excluding false Systems, &c. &c. — To which are 
 added, the Modes of treating the Beastly New Diseases produced from 
 Cow- Pox, explained by two Coloured Copper-plate Engravings, — Cow- 
 pox Mange — Cow-pox Ulcers — Cow-pox Evil or Abscess — Cow-pox 
 Mortification, &c. With the Author's certain, experienced, and succesi- 
 
88 
 
 •. '< Dr. Sqairrers book, howcrer/* the Edinburgh Review. 
 trn remihrk, ^' is the must entertaining uf the whole. We 
 will venture to say, though we know it to be a bold asscr- 
 tion, that there never wa.s any thing so ill written, or so vul. 
 gar and absurd, produced before, by a person entitling him« 
 •elf a Doctor of Medicine. Thcro is a certain ninibiencss 
 and agility about hiiu, however, Mhich keeps us in good hu- 
 mour, and he whisks about with such a self-satisfied springi. 
 ness and activity, that it is really enlivening to look on him.'* 
 Dr. Squirrel dedicates his work to tiic King, assuring 
 his Majesty, that 
 
 ** Although but a few years have elapsed since the Small- 
 pox Inoculation has been so unnecessarily and unjustly for- 
 saken, and Vaccination adopted in its &t«ad ; yet, in the 
 short period of seven years, this practice has, in numberless 
 instances, proved ineffectual, and undermined the health, and 
 destroyed more lives of the most innocent and inJantiU part of 
 his majesty's dominions than can be imagined. 
 
 " The Cow-pox is unnatural to the human frame ; and 
 whatever operates contrary to the law of nature, can seldom 
 boast of long inheritance ; for nature detests an enemy at 
 well as abhors a vacuum, and she endeavours with as strong 
 efforts to destroy the one as to fill up the other. Providence 
 never intended that the Vaccine Disease should affect the hu- 
 man race, else why had it not, before this time, visited the in- 
 habitants of the globe ? Notwithstanding this, the Vaccina 
 Virus has been forced into the blood by the manufacturing 
 hand of man, and supported not by science or reason, but 
 by conjecture and folly only, with a pretence of its extermi- 
 nating the Small-pox from the face of the earth, and pro- 
 ducing a much milder disease than the Variolus Inocu- 
 lation ; yet, after these bold and unqualified assertions, the 
 
 ful mode of Inoculating for the Small-pox, which now becomes necessary 
 from Cow-pox Failure, &c. — * Audi candiJe alteram partem.' — Sold by 
 J. Harris, corner of Ludgate-street ; Ebers, Old Bond-street; Grace, 
 Smithfield; and by all Booksellers and Newsmen in Town and Country. — 
 Information of Cow-pox Disasters is received by Mr. Tinkler, Pricce's- 
 street, Lcicester-iquare. 
 
89 
 
 natural infection has exerted its own riglit, and the Small- 
 pox, subsequent to Vaccination, has n.ddc its appearance; 
 for * nature will be nature still :' hence the puerility and 
 the impropriety of such a conduct, vix. of introducing Vac- 
 cination with a boasted intention not only to supplant, but 
 also to change and alter, and, in short, to pervert the esta- 
 blished law of nature. The law of God pro,' Hits the prac- 
 tice ; the law of many and the law oj nature^ loudly exclaim 
 against it." 
 
 I 
 
 > 
 
 Tlic Doctor has drawn up the following comparative 
 statement : 
 
 2. " The Cow-pox Inoculation produces malignant ef- 
 fects, vitiates the blood and other juices. 
 
 " The Small-pox Inoculation produces no ill consequences 
 whatever. 
 
 3. " The Cow-pox produces very ill health to children, 
 which is mentioned under the third class of consequences, 
 page 18 and 19. 
 
 " The Small-pox Inoculation improves the health and con- 
 stitution, and carries off many complaints which are very un- 
 comfortable, both to the parents and children, Thi^ circum- 
 stance I have experienced many hundreds of times. 
 
 4. " The Cow-pox matter is taken from an animal dis- 
 eased, and is of a specific scrophulous kind, as is proved 
 from its effects. 
 
 ** The Small-pox matter is taken from a healthy subject, and 
 produces no disease whatever but the one for which it was in- 
 tended, 
 
 5. " The Cow-pox was introduced into this country in 
 the year 1798, since which time experience has proved that 
 it produced many bad consequences. 
 
 *« The Small-pox Inoculation has been practised nearly a 
 hundred years in this country, and no ill effects can with truth, 
 be attributed to it !!! 
 
 6. " The Cow-pox is a disease unnatural to the human 
 constitution. Providence never intended that it should 
 
 N 
 
 m 
 
90 
 
 aflccf or pcstrr the human race ; consequently^ Vacciuatio<t 
 must be repugnant to nature. 
 
 " Ihe SmulLpox it a nuturtU dheasc, xthkh teas sent to 
 us hi/ Providence^ and has afflicted mankind according to the 
 laxB of nature. The inoculation teas no doubt discovered by 
 accident, and has been improved by the reason^ inventive fa' 
 eultiesy and active industry of man, so far as to lessen the 
 violenee of the variolous disease, and to render it mild and 
 harmless." . . 
 
 Sliould any further comments be desired on Dr. Squir- 
 rel's labours, they will be found in a work intitleil, 
 *• Vaccination Vindicated against Misrepresentation 
 and Calumny, in a Letter to his Patients, by Edward 
 Jones." A sensible Address written by a most respect- 
 able Practitioner, but whom Dr. Squirret, losing his pa- 
 tience with his argument, calls (in a second edition] 
 surgeon, apolhccaiy, vianmidwife, hone-setter, tooth-. 
 drawer, electrifier, scarifier, cupper, i(c. S(c. He re- 
 commends to Mr. Jones a few doses of his Tonic pow- 
 ders, which will " evacuate the crudities of the stomach, 
 lessen furious heat, diminish morbid sensibility, and will 
 flaost effectually remedy the Cow-pox insanity." 
 
 These are " the three graduated champions who have 
 openly taken the field against the patrons of Vaccina- 
 tion, and boldly challenged the rest of the medical 
 world to defend that abominable practice against them.'* 
 The others are, Messrs. Goldson, Birch, Rogers, and 
 Lipscombe. 
 
 << Mr. Goldson's theory," say the Editors of the Edinburgh 
 Review, who have devoted 35 pages to this subject, in an 
 admirable critique on some of the most recent publications, 
 *^ need not detain us very long. It exhibits, we think, as 
 perverse an application of scepticism and credulity, as. we 
 liave ever met with. There are, perhaps, one hundred aii- 
 (kcuticatcd cases of natural Cow-pox, ia which the paticnis 
 
'^l 
 
 91 
 
 hafc been found to roMtt ▼"'■iolous infertion ; and, upon 
 this scanty tcstimotiy, Mr. Ooldion implicitry bi>lu>vcN tiial 
 natural Cow-poi is an infallible preventive of Small. pox. 
 There are more than one hundred thousand cases of inocu- 
 lated Cow.pox, in which the patients have equally resisted 
 all subsequent infection ; and yet he rufuscs to bolievi; that 
 the inoculated Covr-pox can b<' depended upon as a preven- 
 tive ! This is almost as absurd, as it is in Mr. Uirch first to 
 (ell us that Cow-pox is nothing but SmalUpox transmitted 
 through a cow, and then to maintain that it is in the highest 
 degroc hazardous and improper to substitute the Cow-pox 
 Inoculation for that of SmalUpox. Yet these arc the two 
 most rational antagonists of Vaccination." 
 
 " It would, however," say they, " be injustice to Messrs. 
 Goldson and Birch to confound them with this triad of Doc- 
 tors, whom they have submitted to follow in this contest. 
 They both write, especially the former, like men of some 
 s/snse and moderation ; and we entertain good hopes of sec- 
 ing them converted from their present heresy to the faith of 
 the majority of their brethren. They neither of them join 
 in the ab?urd clamours of the genuine Anti-vaccinists ; but, 
 admitting the greater part of what the advocates for the new 
 practice have asserted, they think it necessary to enlarge 
 upon difdculties and discouragements to which wc shall pro. 
 ceed to say something immediately. In the mean time, we 
 may surely be permitted to observe, that from the specimens 
 we have already seen of the talents and disposition of the 
 Anti-vaccinists, there would be some reason to wonder if it 
 should turn out that they had discovered a truth which had 
 escaped the researches of the rest of the medical world." 
 
 • Mr. Lipscombe declares himself to be " an open, con- 
 stant, and consistent enemy to so unnecessary, so injurious, 
 so dangerous, so unwarrantable, so destructive, a practice :— 
 in direct opposition to all the mighty names of those replen. 
 dent constellations in the medical hemisphere, whose ma. 
 lignant aspect has been so greatly dreaded, and so awfully 
 (described : — in direct opposition to all the flimsy and all th^ 
 N2 , 
 
 lit 
 
 I 
 
92 
 
 fulmlnatini:; efforts of sycophanry on the one hand, and ar- 
 rogance on the other: — in direct Opposition to *^ all iho 
 laughable, and all the loathsome/' «trusion«i ofdiNtempered 
 brains : — in direct opposition to all the (loinp of declamatory 
 eloquence, and all the paj^eantry of profctfiional dignity ; all 
 the menaces of impotent dinappointmcnt, infuriate rage, or 
 infatuated enthuHiasm : — in a word, in direct opposition to 
 the opinions, arguments, and clamour, of all the multt. 
 tudinons host of Vaccinators, their adherents, and ad- 
 mircrs." 
 
 Those who have lost children by the Small-pox, or 
 who, if sonlewhat less unfortunate, have preserved them, 
 though with the loss of eye-siglit, and features cruelly 
 disfigured, will feel a difficulty in believing thaf Mr. 
 Lipscombe is speaking of any other disease in the en- 
 suing paragraph, so chaste and correct a picture does it 
 present of the horrible operations of that fell ravager. 
 
 " The Cow-pox," says Dr. Thornton, *' never destroys life! 
 Glorious tiding*'. Happy annunciation!" Sufficiently so, it 
 Beenis, to have wiped away the tears for the loss of a be. 
 loved child. But, alas ! how vain the illusion ! how futile 
 the conlidenc^ ! JJeu spcs abrcptns breves ! Others have to 
 mourn the melancholy consequences of the practice hero 
 applauded with emphasis so striking, and pathos so cner. 
 gctic and affecting. Others can tell with what hcart.rending 
 disappointment they beheld the fair form of their lovely in. 
 fants disfigured and polluted; those eyes which beamed in 
 native innocence, and raised the tenderest emotions in a fond 
 parent's heart, obscured in putrid night ; tlrose downy rose- 
 ate checks roughened by horrid and disgusting scars; those 
 little hands, whose playful activity was wont to afibrd so 
 much amusement and delight, clasped in feverish and con. 
 vulsive agony ; and that pure breath which heretofore might 
 rival the fragrance of the evening zephyr, or the breezy in. 
 cense of the morning, now converted into streams of oifen. 
 sive exhalation !" 
 
 The Reader cannot fail to compare the following para- 
 
93 
 
 gmplis of Mr. LipscconilKj with tlic TestiinoniaU and 
 tigimturci to them before given at page:» 13 aiui 80. •' 
 
 ** As seu>ral years have elapsed since the promises andvowi 
 of the Vaccinators were m.iilc to extirpate SmalUpox from 
 among mankind, without atfording e\i'n the smallest drgreo 
 of probability that the object m-ouUI be accomplished, it may 
 be presumed that, by this lime, they are sensible what kind 
 of spirit it was, which engendered the spes incerta fiiturif 
 and ' persuaded them to prophe<>y one after Ibis manaer, and 
 another after that manner,* on the subject." 
 
 ** From M hat has been said it must appear very evident 
 that the judgment which has been pronounced in favour of 
 Vaccination tcuit premature^ and is indefensibie : that the in. 
 Oi'ulated Cuw-po\ is sometimes a severe and dangerous dis. 
 case, and sometimes even fatal : that it is productive of 
 many horrid and loathsome symptoms, tedious, distressing, 
 and dusti'uclive ; unknown in the human constitution until 
 the unfortunate and incautious introduction of the Jennerian 
 practice :* — I therefore conclude, that the safe, excellent, 
 and welUunderstood practice of Small-pox Inoculation, 
 which always afl'ords a permanent security against futuro 
 contagion, is degraded even by a comparison with the Cow- 
 pox, and that Vaccination ought to be immediately^ aud 
 for er«r, abandoneo." 
 
 The Edinburgh Reviewers say, No. (XVII. p. 32,) 
 *' The question now before us is nothing less than, whe- 
 ther a discovery has actually been made, by which the lives 
 of fortij thousand persons may be annually saved in the 
 British islands alone, and double that number protected 
 from lengthened sutl'ering, deformity, mutilation, and in- 
 
 U 
 
 } 
 
 1 
 
 * " It has been asserted, that cutaneous diseases of a >te%^ aud tirtgular 
 kind are often the efTects of Vaccine Inoculation." ** 1 have carefully ex- 
 amined with different physicians and surgeons various cases of cutaneoui 
 eruptions attributed to Vaccination. Instead of the Mange, or any erup- 
 tion communicable from quadrupeds to the human skin, v/e constantly 
 found diteasd, "which were knov^n, and have been fully describtd^ by mt- 
 dical luritertf more than a theuta/tJ yeart ago." — Willan, BO, 81. 
 
94 
 
 •urablo inflrmify.** ** To (he biifk of mankind, warn and r#. 
 ▼olutions are thiugft of infinitely K^s imporfance ; and even 
 to (hose who buay (hcmseivt'A in (ho (iiuuit of public afl'ain, 
 it may be doubted whether any (hing can ormr that will 
 command ho powerful and permanent an interest, sinro there 
 are few to whom fame or freedom can be no intimately and 
 constantly precious, as personal safety and domestic alfec- 
 lion.'» 
 
 Though the subject is, perhaps, not entirely ex- 
 liuusted, yet they declare it ap)X!ars to them that thero 
 has been ** evidence enough already produced to deter- 
 mine the opinion of all impartial judges." 
 
 After noticing the fatal ravages of tiie Small-pox, and 
 the inadcfjuacy of the Varioluos Inoculation as a remedy, 
 on the grounds before given, they proceed witli an 
 account of Dr. Jcnner's discovery, and the objections 
 that -were started against it. They then give tLc Tes- 
 timoniaJ of the London Practitioners, and notice t]»e 
 evidence laid before the House of Commons ; an ** am- 
 ple and public testimony that seemed for a whil^ to set 
 the c|uestion at rest," 
 
 Of Dr. Moseley's work they speak, as of one " in 
 which the ravings of Bedlam seemed to be blended with 
 the tropes of BilUngsgate. Dr. Rowley," too, they say, 
 " followed on the same side, and in the same temper, 
 with 500 cases of * the beastly new diseases produced 
 from Cow-pox,' and attracted customers, by two co- 
 loured engravings at the head of his work, of * the Cow- 
 pox, ox-faced boy,' and the Cow-poxed, mangy girl," 
 
 The Reviewers* mention with regret the scenes of 
 
 * Fhe Reviewcri apply an epithet to Mr. Ring's principle work» 
 which, if its nature and intention be considered, cannot but appear too 
 harsh. Mr. Ring has been, from a very early period, the sealous and 
 indefatigable champion of a Cause, which accurate and unprejudiced ob* 
 servation convinced him was the cause of truth and science. Prompted 
 by motivjfi which caanot b« mistakca by tboye who know his honest 
 
95 
 
 controversy whicli ensued, and then make the following 
 judiciouii obiiervations : 
 
 ** Before entering into* the particulars of the contro- 
 versy which has been thus warmly maintained, orendch- 
 vouring to lead our readers to form any opinion from the 
 evidence produced in the course of it, we think it pro- 
 per to make one or two general remarks on what may 
 be called the external character of the debate, and on 
 the circumstances which may impress us with a favour- 
 able or unfavourable opinion af the respective dis|m- 
 tants, independent of the intrinsic weight of their proofs 
 and reasonings. There are some cases which cannot be 
 reached by argument or evidence, in which we must 
 trust to the decision of autliority ; and there are others 
 ■till more numerous, in which the preponderance of con- 
 flicting authorities must be determined by what we can 
 learn of the character and motives of those who bring 
 them forward. 
 
 ** Now the first circumstance which seems calculated 
 to make an indelible impression upon an ordinary minJ, 
 in a question of any difticulty, is where there is a de- 
 cided majority of competent judges in favour of one 
 side of it. In any disputable point of law or medicine, 
 most people would be pretty well satisfied with an opi- 
 nion adhered to by nine-tentlis of the profession ; and. 
 
 / 
 
 independance, Mr. Ring, from time to time, exhibited to the public for 
 their information and conviction, the progress and benefits of the new 
 discovery ; opposing also bit impenetrable shield to \\\tfttbU Jjrit that 
 were hurled against It. 
 
 *' NuUhfftst laboribuif 
 
 Null is vide calumniit.'* 
 
 His treatise on the Cow.pox (chaotic, if it mu<t be so termed) could 
 •ot in its nature but be, in some significations, uncoHHecled. It noticed 
 every thing worthy of note as it occured. It is a valuable collection, to 
 which every writer and compiler on the subject will feel himself in- 
 debted ; and its utility is complete from the very copious and lucid lades 
 
 which terminates it. 
 
 V 
 
96 
 
 imputing tfic disirnticnt of a »mall ininority to raprtcc 
 or i^iHirunce, uoulil proliahly never think it \v«»rtli while 
 toniakunnv iurthcr uit|uiiy. Nuw thi; hittciVHt cnenticii 
 of Vaccniation will not deny, that more than nine* 
 tentliH of the me<Ural world arc decidedly and /eulouhly 
 in favour of it, and that nil their di'monstrutionH of it» 
 donj^ers and terrors li.'ve heen inHuflii lent to convert a 
 •ingle one of their bretliren from !>p damnable and dan- 
 geroiiH a heresy. 
 
 " But tchtimonicH, it may he said, should be weighed, 
 and not numbered ; and a few judicious voices should 
 outweigh ** a whole theatre" of others. Here, again, we 
 are afraid, the Vaccinators will have a splendid and indis- 
 putable triumph. The only physicians, we tliink that 
 have publicly combated the doctrines of Dr. Jenner, 
 are Drs. Moseley, Rowley, and Squirrel. Now, without 
 intending the least disparagement to these three ingenious 
 gentlemen, we certainly may be permitted to doubt, whe- 
 ther they stand quite so high in the public opinion a< 
 some of those to whom they have opposed themselves, 
 or even whether an opinion, signed by all three, would 
 have so much weight, with competent judges, as the 
 single judgment of Buillie, Heberdcn, Willan, Far- 
 quhar, Pearson, or Vaughan. As for the authority due 
 to Messrs.' Birch, Rogers, and Lipscomb, we should hum- 
 bly conceive that it miglit be fully balanced by that of 
 Cline, Abernethy, Ashley Cooper, and Home. If the 
 mere mention of these names were not sufficient to 
 decide the question of authority, it would be easy for 
 us to match each of the Anti-vaccinists with at least ten 
 London practitioners of higher name than himself, and 
 of learning and opportunities as unquestionably superior. 
 We confine the parallel to London, to give the Anti- 
 vaccinists all the advantage in our power ; for, in the 
 country at large, wc be' eve, they have not one respect- 
 able practitioner on their side in five hundred. In this 
 
97 
 
 tfrcat seat and school of mi'ilicinc, we tre issiircHi, 
 (hey uie without a single pubhc adherent. If thr ques- 
 tion is to he HcttliHl by authority, therefore— by the 
 number or the res|>ectftbiHty of ihosw who liave taken 
 irnrt in it — the Anti-vacciniats can have no pretensions to 
 be hntcned to. If a clear opinion be given by ail the 
 leading Counsel at the Bar, and an unanimous judg- 
 ment be pronounced, in conformity to it, by the twelve 
 Judges of the land, wliat should we say of a few Old 
 Bailey pleaders and jobbing altornie.**, who should 
 appeal to the public in behalf of an opposite conclu- 
 sion P . 
 
 " But eminent men may have interests and passions 
 as well as other persons, and thene may bias their judg- 
 ments, or suborn their testimony ; and it is right that a 
 popular appeal should be allowed, to controul or expose! 
 those who might otherwise overbear ev«ry thing by 
 their combination. This, no doubt, is a very important 
 consideration, and it may help to explain some things 
 that would otherwise appear very unaccountable in this 
 controversy, though, we are afraid, not much to 
 the advantage of the Anti-vaccinists. It is a fact univer- 
 sally admitted, that the Small-pox has, for a very long 
 period, been the most lucrative of all diseases to the me- 
 dical faculty in general ; and that, whatever benefit the 
 -world at large might derive from its extirpation, the 
 consequences, in a pecuniary point of view, would be 
 extremely unfavourable to them. This has not escaped 
 the sagacity of Dr.Willan, when, probably with a view 
 to abate the rancour of the Anti-vaccinists, he recom^^ 
 mends that the inoculation and subsequent cure of the 
 patient should always be left to a regular practi^ 
 tioner." 
 
 They here introduce a quotation from Moore to the 
 same purpose, and then draw this conclusion : 
 
 << It appears, then, that the great multitude of learned 
 O 
 
 ■i 
 
98 
 
 and jiiJidoDs ncn, who have given their sanction to thii 
 practice, have doue so in direct opposition to their onn 
 pecuniary intercut, to their known diiilikc of rashness and 
 innovation, and to that natural jealousy with which they 
 must at first have regarded a discovery so simple and im- 
 portant, in the merit of which they could claim no share. 
 The few who have opposed Vaccination, have acted, it must 
 be admitted, exactly as those principles, with which the 
 others had to stru^gle^ would have induced them to act; 
 and, in estimating their conr)>arativc authority, it is impos. 
 »ible not to impute something to the operation of such 
 f)owerful agents. We arc unwilling to urge this considera- 
 tion very far ; but it cannot be forgotten, when prejudice 
 and bias arc spoken of, that the medical advocates for Vac. 
 cination give their testimony in opposition to their own in- 
 terest and vanity, and that its opponents give theirs in con. 
 formity to the dicta;tc8 of those principles." 
 
 It docs not escape tlicm, likewise, that almost all 
 those who still opppose Vaccination, opposed it witlt 
 equal vehemence and confidence, before they pretended 
 to hear of its failure, or any iU consequences attending 
 it ; and they justly remark, 
 
 *' An avowed enemy is rejected as a witness in ererj! 
 court wf law ; but if it appears that he is not only hostile) 
 but necessarily ignorant, we may well ask what weight ca^ 
 be given to his testimony in opposition to that of impartial 
 persons, who must have known much more of the circump 
 stances." , . •., 
 
 All the presumptions then they affirm, are against 
 pr. Moseley and his adherents. 
 
 *^ His opponeMs are confessedly many, and learned, and. 
 judicious ; and, as he diJOTers from their eoncurriug opinion, 
 the natural inference is, that he is not judicious and learned, 
 and that ho cannot be safely relied on as an accurate ob- 
 server, a sagacious expounder, or a correct reporter of the 
 fhenomeua. It is possible, however, thai ^kid. infcrcja^ 
 
99 
 
 tnay be rrroneons ; Dr. Mosricy and his friends may be p«r« 
 •ons of transcendent genius and exemplary candour. Repu- 
 tation may be unmerited^ and multitudes may be deceived. 
 If the opposers of Vaccination give indisputable proofs of su> 
 perior talents and better temper than their advcrHaries, there 
 will be a certain presumption in favour of their conclusions, 
 from the admitted character of the men, independent of the 
 reasons which they may urge in their support. On the other 
 hand, if, from their \rritiitgj, it be manifest that they are 
 men of weak and uncultivated understanding ; that their 
 passions are vehement, and their judgment infirm ; that they 
 arc ignorant or negligent of the fiiat rules of reasoning, and 
 incapable of stating their opinions in intelligible language, 
 it probably wiU not appear too much to aflirm, that they are 
 entitled to little credit, in a controversy which confessedly 
 requires much accuracy of discrimination, much nice ob- 
 servation, and patient and persevering research." 
 
 As Dr. Moseley is at tlie head of those who " set them- 
 selves thus boldly against the opinion of their most cele- 
 brated brethren," a specimen is first given of " this 
 learned person^s temi^r, modesty, and taste, in com- 
 .{Yosition ;" examples of which have been already adduced. 
 The Reviewers then proceed to judgment on the ar^M- 
 ments of the Anti-vaccinists, which they combat with 
 much skill, quoting as they go on from the excellent 
 Pamphlet of Mr. Moore, so often before noticed. 
 
 After drawing a comparison between the opposers of 
 Vaccination and those of Inoculation for Small-pox at 
 its first introduction, they conclude,. 
 
 '^ These, and simihr expressions, whieh abound in {1 ^ 
 writings of that day, will go far, we fear, to deprive DrS. 
 Moseley and Squirrel of any claim to originality in the &tylo 
 of eloquence they have exerted themselves so meritoriously 
 to revive. We beg them, however, io believe, that it was 
 by no means for this invidious purpose that we have refer- 
 red to their iiototypes, but merely with a tIcw to »et the 
 O 2 
 
100 
 
 minds of those rckdcrs at rest, who might be inclined t« 
 doubt, whether men of education could possiibly be so pos. 
 litive and so angry in support of what was certainly wrong. 
 Dri. WagstaiTe and Hillary, with their faithful squires and 
 followers, have been cflbctually confuted by the experience 
 of little less than a century ; and tlu;ir forgotten cavils and 
 rhapsodies now excite no other emotions in the reader, than 
 those mild sensations of contempt and wonder with which the 
 next generation will look on the lucubrations of S(|uirrel and 
 Moseley, if any accident should draw them from the shelter 
 of that oblivion to vhich they are rapidly descending." 
 
 The sentiments of the Anti-vaccinists would certainly 
 have appeared less strange, and have had less effect, 
 had the Public been fully aware of the nature and ex- 
 l^ent of tiie opposition which Variolous Inoculation en- 
 countered on its hrst introduction. It was declared by 
 some to originate with ignorant old women, and was 
 therefore held by them in the utmost contempt. In 
 the middle of the year 1*722, about a twelvemonth 
 after the experiment was first tried in England, a Pam- 
 phlet was published, intitled, <* The new Practice of 
 Inoculation considered, and an humble Application to 
 the approaching Parhament for the Regulation of that 
 dangerous Experiment." The Author declares the prac- 
 tice to be founded in at^'^ism, quackery^ and avarice^ 
 which '' push men to all the hellish practices imagin- 
 able." " Men murder fathers, mothers, relations, and in- 
 nocent children, and any that stand in the way of their 
 wicked desires," 
 
 Mr. Massey's sermon, so often quoted, was preached 
 %t St. Andrew's, Holborn, on Sunday the 22dof July 
 1722, and afterwards printed under the title of " A Ser- 
 mon against the dangerous and sinful Practice of Inocu- 
 lation." He considers, that as diseases are inflicted by 
 the Almighty, tliey are to be borne with resignation, 
 ?nd are not to be avoided by the infliction of other dis- 
 
101 
 
 8a«e3, wliich lie calls " a diaholicat operattorif'' ut- 
 terly unlawful tp any wlio profess themselves chris- 
 tians; and even allowing the etifect it has to prolong 
 life, (which, though, he positively denies, for he asserts 
 that " the confessed miscarriages in this new method are 
 more than have happened in the ordinary way,) he ar- 
 gues that the security this holds out would tend to pro- 
 mote vice and immorality , by removing from man, that, 
 than which he says " it will be readily granted there is 
 no one thing so universally dreaded," and that the fear 
 of it is a happy restraint upon many who, but for tliig 
 providential destruction, would give loose to extr^vsv- 
 gance and licentiousness. 
 
 The Rev. Theodore de la Fayc likewise, (Woodville, 
 p. 258,) in a sermon intitled, ** Inoculation an inde- 
 fensible Practict ," published even so long after its intro- 
 duction as n53, viz. 31 years, asserts, ** that it will be 
 hard to produce out of the huge systems of hurtful 
 inventions, ever an instance big with more infidelity 
 and atheism than this of inoculation." 
 
 But the most redoubted Champion, says Dr. Wood- 
 ville, who appealed to the public against inoculation^ 
 was Dr. Wagstaffe, a man of extensive professional prac- 
 tice, and who, as a Fellow of the College, and Physician 
 to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, could not fail to influ- 
 ence the minds of many to a considerable degree, espe- 
 cially as his ** Letter, shewing the danger and uncer- 
 tainty of inoculating the Small-pox, was addressed to 
 the learned Dr. Friend. He objects to it * that it may 
 differ from itself as practised in another country ; 
 that it is not agreeable to reason ; that the positions of 
 the favourers of inoculation are false, and their practice 
 precarious." The other writings Dr. Woodville de- 
 clares (p. 130) to contain little more than mifounded 
 fonjectures on the practice,with/tf?iCi/M/ conceits concern- 
 
102 
 
 ing it» effects, and the place of argumenl is supplied by 
 obloquy and abuse. 
 
 With such warmth was tiiis warfare carried on, that 
 attacks, answers, replies, and even rejoinders, were 
 published before the expiration of the year 1722. 
 
 The Compiler has nothing more to add to the copious 
 Extracts he has given. The few remarks he has made 
 in the course of the work, have been forced by oppor- 
 tunities too strong to be resisted. To dilate on all the 
 beneficial consequences of Vaccination, to offer in- 
 structions as to its practice, or to combat all the objec- 
 tions of the Anti-vaccinists, is what he himself did not 
 propose to do. It has been done, most ably and most 
 successfully, by a number of disintered individuals- 
 Messrs. Addington, Aikin, Bell, Blair, Bryce, Creaser, 
 Dunning, Hill, Jones, Labatt, Lettsom, Macdonald, 
 Merriman, Moore, Paytherus, Ring, Thornton, Trye, 
 Willan, &c. &c. whose generous warmth in a Cause, 
 by the success of which a portion of their most lucra- 
 tive practice has been annihilated, can never be for- 
 gotten, or disregarded by their liberal Countrymen. 
 
 Should doubt exist in the mind of any one who com- 
 bines the arguments of these writers with the evidence 
 now before the Public, the Compiler freely acknow- 
 ledges he is at a loss to conceive what is the nature and 
 extent of that evidence that will dispelit* 
 
INDEX. 
 
 AMEHITCA, Practice there, 42, 44.— Caution* used in Small- 
 pox Inoculation, 43, 45. — Mortality by Small-poXy 2. 
 Algiers, Dey of, 24. ^ • 
 
 Anti-vaccinists, their Motives, Sec. 81) 98* 
 Austria, Practice there, 27. ' 
 
 Baillic, Dr. his Opinion of the DiscoTery, 6d. 
 
 Bcddocs, Dr. his Rules for the Sick Poor, 63. 
 
 Bills of Mortality, London, 8, 9, 10. 
 
 Birch, Mr. his Opposition, 91. 
 
 Blane, Dr. his Calculations on the Mortality by Small-pox, 8^ 
 
 Bombay, Practice there, 38. 
 
 Booker, the Rev. Dr. on Mortality by SmalUpox, II. 
 
 Bradley, Dr. Calculations on ditto, f6i</.— Ditto on Nnmberf 
 
 vaccinated, 19. •' ' 
 
 Brazil, Practice there, 43. ' "^'•' 
 
 Bremer, Dr. his Rewards, 20. >. ' > 
 Brunswick, Introduction there, 28'. 
 Buenos Ayres, ditto, 44. . , ..• 
 
 Bu^ford, Mortality by SmalLpox at, 5. ) 
 
 Crowned Heads, &c. promoting Vaccination. — French Go* 
 •vernment, 21.— King of Naples, 24.— Dey of Algiers, 
 ibid. - Queen of Hctruria, 26.— Emperor of Germany, 28. 
 
 • — King of Prussia, 29 King of Denmark, SO. — King of 
 
 Sweden, 31.— King of Spain, a6id.--r-Elector of Suabia, 
 ibid. — EmjK-or of Russia, 35.— Empress Dowager, ibid,-^ 
 The Grand Signior, 37. — Hospodar of Moldavia, ibid. — 
 Governor-General of India, 38. — Rajahs of Chintapilljr 
 and Tanjore, 39. — Dowlut Row Scindia, ibid. — House of 
 Timur, 40. — Mr. Adams and Mr. Jeflfcrson, Presidents of 
 
 . the United States, 42. — Court of Lisbon, 4*4. — Lord Lieu- 
 tenant of Ireland, 49. 
 
 Canton, Practice there, 33. 
 
 Cape of Good Hope, Practice there^ 41 r 
 
ii 
 
 Cftppe, Dr. his Calculations on the Mortality hy ^^mafl.poty 
 7, O._0n Dangers of Small-pox Inoculation, 53. 
 
 Cassel, Practice there, 29. 
 
 Ceylon, Mortality at, by Small.pox, and Eflccts of VaccU 
 nation, 3, 42. — Practice there, 41. 
 
 Channel, Frequency of Small-pox in, 54. 
 
 Chester, Mortality by SmalUpox there, 9. ' \ 
 
 China, Practice there, 40. 
 
 Christie, Mr. his Communications from Ceylon, 4, 42. 
 
 Como, £(fects of Vaccination there, 12. 
 
 Constantinople, Mortality by SmalUpox, 8. — Practice, there^ 
 37. 
 
 Courleney, Mr. his Opinion, 58. 
 
 Darwin, Dr« his Opinion, 28. 
 
 Dawson, Mr. his Calculation, 13« 
 
 De Carro, Dr. his Success, 27. 
 
 Demerara, Practice there, 49. 
 
 Denman, Dr. his Opinion of Vaccination, 59< 
 
 Denmark, Practice there, 30. _ ■- 
 
 IMplomas granted to Dr. Jenner, 70. 
 
 Dunning, Mr. on Recurrence of Small-pox, 55. 
 
 £ast.India Company, their Present to Dr. Do Carro, 73. 
 Edinburgh, Mortality by Small-pox there, 11. 
 Edinburgh Review, Extracts from, 14, 83, 84, 87, 90, 93, Scc^ 
 -—Their Opinion of tha Importance of Vaccination, 98. 
 Expedition, Russian, 36. — ^Spanish, 31. 
 Empress Dowager of Russia, her Present to Dr. Jenner, 72. 
 Emperor of Germany gives Medals, 28. 
 
 Faye, the Rev. de la, his Opposition to Small-pox Inocula- 
 tion, 101. 
 
 Finch, the Rer. William, his Practice, 11. > 
 
 Finsbury Dispensary Testimonial, 64. 
 
 Florence, &c. Practice there, 26. 
 
 France, Mortality by Small-pox, 11, 12. — Extensive Pracr 
 tice there, 19, 22. — Rewards given, 21. 
 
 Freedom of London granted to Dr. Jenner, 71. — Of Dublin 
 73 — Of Ediaburghj ibid. - 
 
Ill 
 
 GeiiCTa, Mortality by Small. pox in, 12. — Practice thorc, 25. 
 
 (itTtnaiiy, iMoriality hy Small-put in, Pi. 
 
 <*il)raltar, Prartico thon-, 'i'j. 
 
 (ilus^oNV, MtltTts of Vaccination in, 50. 
 
 GloccstiT County i^ill)s('t•iptiun, 7'Z, 
 
 Goa, Practice there, 41. 
 
 Cfoidson, Mr. his Opposition to Vaccination, 00^ 
 
 Cirand Si^nior's Child >accinated, J7. 
 
 Greece, — Practice there, 38. 
 
 Ctreenland, Mortality by SDiail-pox in, 2. 
 
 Guthrie, his Opinion, 3« 
 
 (Jruy's Hospital Testimonial, 75. 
 
 Hague, Proportion of Deaths by Siuail.pox, 13t 
 
 Hamburgh, Practice there, 29. 
 
 Hanover, Ditto, 28. 
 
 Helena, (St.) Introduction to, 33. 
 
 Heberdcn, Dr. his Calculation, 8. 
 
 Herpes, Dr. Jenncr's Opinion respecting, 57. 
 
 Holland, Practice there, 20. 
 
 Hungary, Ditto, 28. 
 
 Jamaica, Practice there, 43. 
 
 Jenncr, Dr. his Inquiry and Discovery, 14. — Disinterested- 
 ness, 17. — Practice, 47. — ^IMieory on Herpes, 57. — Testi- 
 monials and Addresses to him, 68, 73, 75. — Diplomas 
 given to him, 70. — Miscellaneous Tokeui of Approba- 
 tion, 72. 
 
 Jeonerian Royal Society, Report of, 76. 
 
 India, Mortality by Small.pox in, 4. — Practice there, 38. 
 
 Inoculation (Small-pox) inclfectual, 6, &c. 
 
 Ireland, Practice there, 49. 
 
 Isle of France, Practice there, 41. 
 
 Italian Republic, ditto, 22. 
 
 Kamschatka, Mortality by Sraall-pox there, $. 
 Keil, Practice there, 29. 
 Kite, Mr. his Cases of Small.pox twice, 55. 
 Ladies, their Practice in Vaccination, 48. 
 Lausanne, Practice there, 25. 
 
 P 
 
IV 
 
 Lcttsom, Dr. liis Calrnlatinni, 8, 13. 
 
 Li|Mroml)c, Mr. his Opposition (o Vaccination. — Qiiotationt 
 
 from, 01. 
 Liverpool, Mortality by Sroall-pox there, 0, 10. 
 London Mortality by Smail.pox there, 6, 8, 10.>- Practi. 
 
 tionur^ft Teatinionial, 74. 
 London Medical Society, Gold Medal of, 72.— Testimonial 
 
 of, 73. 
 Liirknow, Effects of Vaccination at, 40, 
 I^nenburg, Practice there, 39. 
 Lyons, Effects of Vaccination at, 22. 
 
 Macdonald, Dr. his Calculation, 13. 
 
 Malta, Practice there, 23. 
 
 Medical Society of Plymouth Testimony, 72. 
 
 Medical Officers of the Navy, their Gold Medal to Dr. Jen, 
 
 ner, 72. 
 Mortality by Sijiall-pox in Grcat-Britain, 9. — In other 
 
 Plapei. See their Name it . 
 Manchester, Mortality by Small-pox there, 9. 10. — Addresi 
 
 of Medical Men, 63. 
 Marshall and Walker, Drs. their Expedition, 22. 
 Masscy, the Rev. his Sermon against Smail.pox Inocu^tion, 
 
 100. 
 Mexico, Practice tlierc, 44. 
 Milan, Ditto, 25. 
 
 Montague, Lady M. W. licr Saying, 7. 
 MontpcUier, Mortality by SmalUpox there, 4. 
 Moore, Mr. on the Effects of SmalUpox, 53. — Quoted by 
 
 the Edinburgh Reviewers, 97, 99. 
 Moravia, Practice there. — Premiums given, 28. 
 Moseley, Dr. his Opinion, 1. — Quotations from, 81.-— His 
 
 Practice in America, 86. — Edinburgh Reviewers' Opinion 
 
 of, 94, 98. 
 
 Naples, Mortality by Small-pox thera, 12. — Practice th«re, 
 
 23. — King gives a Gold Medal to Dr. Marshall, 24. 
 Newfoundland, Practice there, 44. 
 ^8W South Wales, Ditto, 41. 
 
 / 
 
New Spain, Mortality by Small. pox titers, % 
 
 Ncylo, iMr. \m l^xpcriniiinti, GO. 
 
 Norwich Addrcsn, 60. 
 
 Nuta Scotia, Mortality by Small-pox at, 5. 
 
 Numbers vaccinated, 19, 40, 47, 4U, 61, 5*i. 
 
 ObjoctioiiH answered, 01, 0*2. 
 
 Opinion! as to Dr. Jonncr's Reward, 17. 
 
 Opposition to Sinall-pox Inoculation, 100. 
 
 Palermo, Mortality by SmalUpox there, 21. 
 
 Parma, Practice there, 20. 
 
 Pearson, J)r. his Conduct, IR. 
 
 Peru, Practice (here, 3J, 41. 
 
 Practice of Professional Men, 47. — Of Ladies and others, 4S. 
 
 Profcstiional Men, their Disinterestedness, 49. 
 
 Prussia, King of, his Support, Practice there, 20. 
 
 Quito, Mortality by Small-pox there, 9. 
 
 Report of the House of Commons, 59. — Of the Royal Jen* 
 
 nerian Society, 76, — Of the Central Committee at Paris, 
 
 12, 19, 21, 22. 
 Ring, Mr. his Calculation of Small-pox by Mortality in 
 
 London, 11. — Comparative Sta.tement, 05. — His Writings, 
 
 61, 86. — His zealous Activity, 94. 
 Rome, Mortality by Small-pox there, 1% 
 Rowley, Dr. his Opposition, 80. — Edinburgh Reviewers' 
 
 Opinion of, 87. — His Advertisement, ibid. 
 Russia, Mortality by Small-pox in, 3. — Practice there, 35, 
 
 37. — Emperor of, his Exertions, 36. 
 Russian {Expedition, 36. 
 
 Sacco, Dr. his Calculation of Small-pox Mortality, 13.— His 
 
 Success, 25. 
 Saunders, Dr. his Opinion of Vaccination, 60. 
 Siberia, Mortality by Small-pox there, 5. 
 Sicily, Mortality by Small-pox, and Practice there, 21. 
 Silesia, Ditto 29. — Premiums given, 30. 
 Simms, Dr. his Opinion of Small-pox Mortality, 6. 
 Siiiall'pox Hospital, Vaccination adopted in, 46. 
 
vi 
 
 Small. pox twice, 55, 50. 
 
 Sniail.pox, KtfccU of, 53, 5t, 50. 
 
 Spain, Practice (here, IMiilanthropy o/ the Kiag, 31. 
 
 SpaniHh Expedition, ibid, >' « 
 
 Squirrel, Dr. his Opposition, 83.-— Edinburgh Rr?iewert' 
 
 Opinion of, ibid. — ilis ('omparative Statement, 80. 
 Suabia, IVactica there, Meavurei of the Ek-ctor, 31. 
 Sweden, Ditto, King's Daughter vaccinated, ibid. , 
 
 Swisserland, Eflccts of Vaccination thcra, 25. 
 
 Testimonials in favour of Vaccination, GUi 
 
 Testimony of the French Government, '20, 21. 
 
 Thibet, dreadful Mortality by Small pox there, 3. 
 
 Tisiot, hb Lou, 60. 
 
 Tokens of Approbation, 73. 
 
 Trye, Mr. His Letters, and Opinions, 54, 55. 
 
 Turkey, Practice there, 37. 
 
 Vaccination of Infants, 28, 65. 
 
 Vienna, Practice there, and EtTecti of Vaccination, 27, 28. 
 
 Wagstaflfe, his Opposition to SmalUpox Inoculation, 101. 
 
 Waterhouse, Dr. his Practice, 42. 
 
 Willan, Dr. his Calculation of Numbers vaccinated, 40. — 
 
 Answers to Objections, 01. — Assertion as to new Dis. 
 
 eases, 03. 
 WoodvUlc, Dr. his Assertion as to Small-pOx twic«, 55.— > 
 
 Opinion as to Opposers uf SmalUpox Inoculation, 101. 
 IVriters on Vaccination, 00, 102. 
 
 Jf. B. Wherever the word << Practice" occurs in the Indfx^ 
 it means exclusively the Practice of Vaccination. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 H. RUFF. CHELTENHAM. 
 
 A