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CAiNADA INSECTS INJURIOUS TO GRAIN AM) FODDER CROPS, ROOT CROI'S AND VEGETABLES BT .IAMK8 FLElt IIKR, LL.I>., K.U.s.C, F.I..8. Enlomolocut and Botanist to the Dominion Experimental Farm,. I HLJLLETIX No. 52 s : Publi.hed by direction of the Hon. SYDNEY A. FISHER. M,n,.ter of AgncuKur.. Ottawa. Ont. •^i f( f ! ' To tlie flrinouriible The Minister of Agriculture. S.R.-I have the honour to submit hcrewi.l, for your approval Bulletin No 52 or .WF etcher. Entomologist and liotanist of the Dominion Eirimenta" pLm, Tlu. injuries annually caused by inscets to farn. crop, seriously reduce the profit, dl^ w-th . " ";""'' ''"'' ""•'"■*""' "''"™'"'- -'•-'^ -" -able the rTade To deal wuh the« several pest, in the n,ost effective manner and at the least coTt The en .so accounts «ue„ of the life history and habits of the injurio,. sp.cies treated of. together w.th the ^lustrations, will provide the means whereby they may Z reX o.t.ngu,shed. , be rernedies suggested for the destn.etion of these pests a^e .^ a ^ of easy application a,id at the same time are very effective. It is hoped that farmers generally will put into practice the useful nu on here g,ve, d. whenever occasion arises, pro.nptly .pp]y the re.nedies ..anie,!. and it\X9 much lo. may be prevented. I have the honour to be, Sir, ^ our o.i'di: nt s-erv.-iiit. W.M. SArXDKIJS. I'irrcfnr of Kiperimontal Farms. Ottawa, June 30, 1905. 62-lJ IK e more im- ccinvpnicnt INSKCTS INJURIOUS TO CRAIN AND FODDER CROPS, imOT (HOPS AND VEOETABLES Hv James Fi.kt< nib, LL.D., F.U.SC., F.L.S. EnhmoLgul and Bolnm.,! to the Dominion K c,,erimr„l„l Fannn. Kv.ry crop grown l,y the fMr.ntT atui ffard.-nor u liahh lo bo attacked and r.-d.nv I ir«,uont n,,u,nc« cu„,.eru.n« even the cotntnonent and met injurious pesU make i «dv.,able to is.ue .n concin. k ,n for refcTcnce. an account of some of portan o( thone to^,.. ..r with the Intc.t a,,provod remedies, and the n,nst methods ot applying thrm. fodder crop«. root, .,nd ve^ctnbU.s; a.,d it i, the intention to tr, .t of other , Wo mjurions insect-, in giiK«e.]nont bulletins. "asses oi It must be acknowledged by nil obser^•ant people fh.it the lo*,* .!„.■ to the aftac'cs nreTnelnr I'"? -'""i -"""'.ous; and i, nhonld W more widely known that the- U^rj. h , " "^"T^- '^'T ""•' ^•■'^"y "PP'i'"l-remedie, f„r most of tho.e kinds which year by year levy «nch a heavy tax on all crops. For the effeetive nno of r..niedie« nOTinst ininr,,,,,., insects, n certain amount of knowledge «« to the habit, nd structure of the Litter is very useful, .o that the most appropriate rem-dv m v be made use of. and thi« at the time when it will be most effeetive. r.IVES OF IVSKCTS, The lives of insect* are divided Mto f.ur well marked stag, s. TbeM. are; ( 1) the egjr; (2) the larva (caterpillar, ^riib or majriiot). duriMK '.vl,i,.b. as a rule, tiiey ar.. mos- injurious; (3) the pupa or chrysalis, in which, i xcept in a few orders, they do not feed and are as a rule, without the power of lor'om..'i.m : and (-1) liie p,rf-et iuaect' Althoujtl, most insects are injurious in one or ; vo • g,-^. only some are ,|.-ttu,-ive 'n vl three of th"ir activ statres. It ther.fore be«,m.-. impor'ant to lean, tlulr apiM.ur- iince and h.ibits from the time the o; „.., pleted. so tb;it no opportunity of de^ oying th their food ., -^rm from Iwrieath the surfac,.. as fn the ease of the true Imjrs. pl.Tiit-lice. >, . tt.osquitoes. Av, f i ■H « » i FAHT I. RKMKDIAL MKASUItKS. NATl'HK l)K ATTACK. When iriscc:* an- .«l.^r\r,l to k- injurintf u i-rop, nii fXiiiiiiiiiitiin should ut oiu-o li" iiimJc to Jisfovvr tlio iialiir*' of the injury, so ua to dcciiJ.^ upon the proper nimbly. II i« phiiii ilial with Hit nj.' Insi-fts, «lii,li Lit,, oil mid hwjIIow pi,,t, r.l' tlio plunt uttucktd, ail tliut is neoiaiij!:.\ i« to place upon the food plant some poisonoin aiil.^ttance which u ill not injure tlie phiiit, but which b^'ing eaten Uy the in.i. ct» uttuckintf it, will kill them. Witii Sucking' In.-, .tri. how. ver, thi- treatnifnt. would be usek».s, for they would pu^h tlii'ir U'aks throii-h the poisonous ciu.rin^' on the outride of tlie food plant, r.tui v.o.i.d witli itu|iuiiit> .sii.'k lip tlie>ap upon wliirli they li\e, from beneutli the uur- fiice. For Suckin^' Innecl.^, tlurefon-, >oine sul>xt:iiice mu:,t !«■ u.sti ne fouiiii in flour, Innd-plaster. air-.slaked lime, finely sifted ashes, or even road duM. The important p,,iiii is tliar the powder siiall be jwrfeetly dry and in a very fine state of divisioi.. so as to mix thoroughly with the insecticide and thus iiLsurc even distribution. TIh re are several im|dein ii's for distrilnitiiifr dry insec- ticides such as bi'llowp, insect |it,„is, dtistintr ho.xes. A;c.. many of which will be found mentioned in the cataloRues of our Icadiiiir seedsmen. A convenient nictliod for dis- trilmtiiifr ilry poisons is to place the powder in a small bap of very fine mu.slin, then tie this to the end of a short stick sn that it swin;;.^ "retdy. If the h:vj is tapped lightly % l...ttor vv,.rk ilm>, l.v «t...,,.,u« ,.l.,n« ov- r hi, rr..,> «u'. .„ ,,..l,i,„r hn.k. I.rv >M.«f„^., ^ ..,.1, ,,.,„..,, .,. .„„ „„,., „„.,. ;,. ,„,,,,,,. ^,,,,„_ „_^, ^^,_^_^,^ ^^ ^ ^.^^««;^-» en,"; ''i^ ."'V"-"- ''■'"'•v.r.tim, ,lur:,.« ,1... .,.n,.„ ,n,.M,l,. »l,..„ in....ti..i.|.* . . ui> It I uTftor,. l,„.o>,„ . „..ri„.ar.v .. ,„.,,lv ,1,.. ,M,i,„„ in „,„„. .,,1,.., „.„,.. .„ ,l,„l -:;:iil;i ;;::.,;:':r'i,.t-;''::,!:r^;: ,:,;;.: " • •'- "'"' •"••" "•"••>""' -"»• " H .,,,,,11 ..Mr,|,.n. to „,. t,. tho .■x,H„M. „l „r,„.,.rM,:. r ,mir of ,>r..,K.r U.ilow. f,.r ,|rv mix- •.ntruan-v,. ,u...h os wat.T,„=r rnns. wl.i.ks. and ..,.„ I,„....„J of Lav,,, wl.i.h n e r.,„.,„,, „„..|, a,.,„,,il,v ..,„t Car >„..r.. i„ wa. ,1, „,1 „,„,HaU ,h ,n wn,.ld iJ for tho JK>st .,,..,.,«! „np!Pn,r„t,. in n.Miti.m to wl,!,!,. wh.r, tl,,. work is .ion. i il /!""'"— "■ -If'-i'lins n„ wi.at l c.M-Hp,- Kv licinjT u'oaro.I to the whools of tho vi'l of rni-hor'c- acid Ria. Tlii' oiy.o of tho machines. <-o^f tho vo ume to ho thrown, tho ur,.at,..,t ato,„i/in- pow.r with tho linst to.,donov to olofT, facility of clonns.ns or H-pnra'i„n of its ,■„„„„,„,,„ part<. oIh apt,,.-.. .impliVitv iHid a,l.|iistabi,ity to ai,y ail-!.-.' ■! "< n.i Altnost overy maker of sprnyi,,,. „„-.l,. , ,.,„„. .,„„.i,| „„|,,, „.,,;,.,, ,,p ^^^^^_ mends; hnt maiiy k.nds now in th.. market l,avo „ot tho n„ali,i,.K n..,..s-arN or «prav- ..t(r crops f .r injnr.ons in-o,.t. !„ tho host , av. All that ,.a., ho .ai.! I„.ro. i i.at Ume ..f those nozzles an- far h..tt..r than others and that ^-roat c:iro is i„.,..-sarv ,„ ohoosi,,-- one which will oo„„. ,ip ,0 Or. Riley's rc.piir<..,a.nts. a- mentioned ahove.' The oxnori" ence of others is a valuable u'.lido in this wo,-k : and. I...lh at the Don.inin,, ;:x,«.rim,'ntal l-'rnis ,,n,l al lli - milar provi„e,:,t i„-til ,;tin„-. sorayin- w,,rk is e^.n-ied on evrv year wh|ch eat, Iv uitne.-o.l by all w> . wi-h to do -o. a„d adv„.o will U- fmdv pivon l>y the officers in chnrffe. ' The oiH.ration of 'sprayinp' e .si.sts of applyimr liqnids bv pipii,. of a force pump nnd spray,,,- n.,zzlo with such foree as to bn.ak „p the ll.p.id so th..ro„phly that it falls upon the plants troati-d as an actual mist or spray. Such terms as sprinkling thowering are inaccurate for tlie operation here intended. Unfortunately, much of the »o-called spraying as usually carried out could more accurately be designated by these terms, which describe a much less careful and less even distribution of liquids. RHMKIllKS. 1 , i} 11 It Remedies are either Preventive or Active, and must be applied in accordance with the circumstances of the cnse and the habits ;{ the attacking insects. Preventive remedies are either agricultural or deterrent. The former of these consist chiefly of such methods as special rot:ition of crops, high culture, so ua to stimulate a healthy «;rowth of the crop and keip the land free of weeds and rubbish ; early and late seed- ing, so aa to present a crop to its insect en( mio.s when tliey appear, in such condition that they cannot injure it, and rotation of crops, by whicu insects attracted to a locality by a crop will not have in that i)lace the same crop to feed upon the following year. Deterrent preventive remedies consist of the application of mechanical contrivances, euch as bands of paper or tin placed round plants to prevent cutworms getting at tliem, or the destroying or masking of the natural odours of some plants by scattering amongBt them substances possessed of a stronger or a disagreeable odour, like gas- lime, carbolic acid, &c. Acllre remedies include such methods as hand-picking and the application of various iioisonous >nbstance.s to tlie plants to be protected. For convenience of reference in the latter part of this bulletin, I app(nd a short Aiatement concerning each of the best known remedi'-s v ! icli will be referred to by the Tiumbere which precede them: — LArsenile^.—Thc 1.' st kmnvn of tlie-e are Paris grecu, .\rsenate of lead, the Arsenite of !;nie with soda, which has lately come into very much more general' use, and Green Arsenoid. In all of the.se i ison-. arsenic is the essential ingr .iitnt, niul other chemicals are mixed with the arsenic f a- the i)uipose of preventing it from injuring vegetation. There are many spraying enniiioun.ls whi.'h contain arsenic, some of which are sold ready-made, and many others are made at home by coinbininf.' th< dients. he necessary iiiirn- Pan-s r,'n.,;i.— Undoubtedly the best knuwn, and in many respects the safest poi- son to use is Paris green. It has passed through many years of trial, is well known, has a distinctive colour, and is a definite eliomical compound containing 5S-fi,5 per out if ars<.nious oxide, ;il :2!l per cent of copper oxide, an,] 10 on per cent of acetic acid. It 18, therefore, an aceto-arsenite ,if copper. It is soluble in ammonia. Paris green if demande application, 1 pound Paris green in 50 pounds flour, land-plaster, slaked lii.e or some other perfectly dry powder. As a general principle, lime should be always used with Paris green whenever it 18 applied in a liquid insecticide. Paris green is very heavy, and the particles quicklv sink to the bottom of any liqui.l with which it i.s mixed. This makes constant stirrin- necessary. Pans green does not dissolve in water, and is merely mixed with water to facilitate its even distribution on vegetation in the very small quan-ilies that are necessary to destroy insects. The finer the poison is ground, the qni-ker its cfFrct on the insects which eat it, l)eeausc the minute crystals are more rapidly di.soolved by the digestive juices in the stomachs of the insects. The finer it is ground', the better alsoit will remain suspended in a liquid application. For most insects, one ounce of Paris green in 10 gallons of water is the standar.l strength; but some plants with coarse foliage, such as the potato, will stand -louble that strength. of Paris jrrcen bccaxi^J^JLl \ L "^'"*^ '* '" "^°"' '^« ^'""6 as that of LeYd wasKeai for 'ul"l°''°"'"=" '"^"•'"^'■""^ "- «'-" ^^ -kin. tl.e Arsenate Arsenate of soda. ... ,„ Acetate of lead. . 10 ounces. Water .... ; ■•• "^ " rp, ^ , • ", loO to 200 gallons. The arsenate of^^^oda^and_ acetate of lead should be dissolved separately and then is but little affected by ordinarT Vain! *"'"" '"" " ^'""^ '"^^'""*^ '"'"*• ^'"^^ T. FerrJl!:;:^"'":" '^ "''"^ ^'■""'"•' °' ^"'^ '^ ^'^^^ recomn,ended by Prof. 11. te^Toflerd'"' '" ^" ""' ''"^"^'' ' —• Water ^1 " •.l/vsrniVc nf Limr with Soda:— White arsenic Sal soda (crystal). . . \ P°""'^- Water '^ pf^unds. , •1.1 • J. " '." 1 Riillon. will takonlT ™ '""" '""''^';" f''*^ '•'^nmred amount of wnter untiMis.olvrd which on s ronl ccd'" ^,'=°"'P""-'l''-'>- ^^^ '»-"'-. -^f- which the water lost bv evnpn a Ws solut nn i7'"^'''T'- . ^" 'l" 'V^'' ^"^^''^"' '^^»^ ""'''^■- «''« advice of tl c wri or cheapen " '"'' " ^''""'' *" ^'' ""' ""'^ «^ ^'^'^i^"' - «ther soh.tions. b"t f/; nord'.3'v*'" •'/' ''"*''■",' '° "'" ""••doaux mixture with this soh.tion. it is added to the Ill) 10 The above combination of Arsenite of Lime with Soda is preferable to arsenite of lime on account of the .iifficulty in making this latter couibinat.on perfectly, and, when this is not the case, the irce arsenic is very destructive to tol.age London I'urple, which is an impure arsenite of lime, is now very seldom u=,ed. for the same reason. As it is a waste pr.uluct in the manutaeture of MUiline dyes, it .s very variable in composition, and thereiore unsafe to use. Urem Arsenokl.-HUU is a convenient poison to use, hnng practically Paris green not cry-Mllizc,l. and is in some wa.vs l^-tter; being a very ti.:.; powder, it remains >r. .uspensiun longer and adheres better to foliage. Its «h^of disadvan age ib it has a rather larger percentage of soluble arsenic, and, unless mixed with fresh lime, as sug gelted for^PaHs green there is .langer of it injuring foliage. It may be used ,n the same proportion as Paris green, viz., one ounce to ten gallons ot water. II Kcroscm- i'm./sion..-Next in importance to the arsenitcs are the emulsions of kerosene. These are partieularly valuable against such insects ,^s plant-liee, scale insects, !.:iH animal parasites. The best formula is:- - , •ii . . 2 gallons. kerosene *,coal oil) ,11 „ . ^ 1 gallon. Ram water " , Soap , - ' , ., .... Boil the soap in the water till all is dissolved; then, while boiling i,ot turn it into the kerosene, and churn the mixture constantly and forcibly with syringe or force ptunp for live minutes, when it will In. of a smoo'h, creamy nature^ It Uu ca.ul-i.m is perlee,. it wMl a Ih re to the surface of glass without o.l.ness. As cools, it thickens into a jelly-like mass. This gives the stock --1--- - l- " 7«^ be diluted with nine times its measure of wnrm wnt, r before usu.p: on vegetation. The Ive quantity of 3 gallons of emulsion will make :;o gallons ot wash. Insect.s breathe through small openings along their sides. The effect ot kerosene cnnilsion is to suffo- -a'( 'liom bv stopping up these breathing pores. , . t i IZ . .uLoT.s may al-o Ix. mad., eouveuiently by using an e,unl amount .f scur milk instead of soap and water in the above formula and f '"""";/"[„; ';;;^""; ii,,„. ,0 ..,., tlu ^t.. U .niulsion. Kse.l by Prof. (M.,se. of the Delaware Kxpe.Mi.e.u Matun.. ... wl ch it wa.s .how.1 that li,.,e has the power of holding kerosene in suspension and S .ning an emulsion which does not separate for a long t.mo. L.n.e is not conven.- nth- obtainable i.i all parts of Canada, and Mr. Sl.utt made the -l^'^^l': d'--->^ thit flour which is to be had everywhere, may be used w.th equplly r-n.l result, .f tU. e ,u.l'i" 1 is to be used at once. This gives us, the.i, by far the most convenient kero^ e"e e.nulsio.., when small qua.Uities are required for immediate n.se Ins rnct ons for making this new flour kerosene emulsion are given ... the May and Ju..-, 1J05. issues of the ' Canadian Ilortieulturist.' .... ,.,. The preparation is si..,ple. The requisite amount of kerosene .. placed in a dr^ vessel and flour adde"' ^."---;;;; ^parate. Howeve". it has b«.. further found by .Mr Shut, that by sea d.ng the flo, Te o e adding the kerosene, an excellent emulsion which does not separate '" thj l^a » ',fter one we,0<. can be prer>ared will, two ounces of flour, by mixing the resulting paste with one quart of kerosene and emulsifying with two gallons of water. HI Whitn //.?/c/)or,-.-This is a vegetable poison, Kdng the finely PO^vdered root> of reratr„m alhnm. It i.s uso:,,! for leaf-eatinr, insects atjd root mageots Althongh verv noisonou. to inpt in a tishtly clo-scd veo- .el for twentv-four hours, the mi.xture will kill nearly all caterpillars it is applied to, and in this strengrh becomes the l)est remedy for the caterpillar of the Tmported Cabbage Butterfly. It can also be used mi.\ed with water, 1 oz. to 2 gallons ( f water. V. Soap Washes.— The most effective soap wash is made with whale-oil soap, one iwinid to from four to six gallons of water. The term whale-oil soap .., merely a trade name for a fish-oil soap, iniide with either potash or soda. The pornsh soaps, winch arc the best, because even strong solutions remain liquid when they cool, are soit soaps. The soda soaps are hard. Of the two. the potash soaps are considered the best to use (111 v.fietation. a.s well as being more convenient. 15oth kinds sliouM always be dis- solved in hot water. When bought at retail prices, these soaps cost from 15 to 20 cents per pound, roconliiifr to tiio locality, but if obtained in lar-ie quantities, can be pot at from 3 to 5 cents per pound. Fifty-pound kegs are supplied at 5 cents per pound. Two well known brands of potash soft soaps which have been lunoli used in Canada, and have given goo.l 8ati>faction, nre those made by W. H. Owen, of Port Clinton, Ohio, and by C.ood & Co.. of Philadelphia, Pa. If thought desirable, these soaps can lie made at home; but it is very unplea.sant and dirty work, and it is besides doubtful whether such • cod i.r cluMp rcMilts can be secure 1 as by buying from firms which make a .-p cal business of manufacturing soaps with only the required amount of moisture and the proper grade and amount of ).ota«li. It has been found in e.xperimeuts carried on at Washington that what i.s required for spraying purposes is a caustic potash and fi.sh-ml -,.ap. made with a fairly good quality of fish-oil, and from which water has been elimin- ated' by boiling, so that it docs not exw-ed 25 or .".0 pi r cent of the weidit of the soap. Soaps made with caustic soda instead of caustic pota.sh are unsuitable for spraying purposi^s. Dr. J. 15. Smith, in liis circular No. .1. ' Whale Oil Soap and its Uses,' says: ' Whilc-oil. or fish-oil, soap is one of the most reliable materials for use against plant- lice, and gen rally against sucking insects which can be killed by contact insecticides. It kills by clo'_'ging the spiracles, or breathing pores, of the insects and also to .some extent by its corrosive action. The advaiiJages of fish-oil over ordinary laundry soap lie in the greater penetrating power, in the fact thiit it remains liquid when cold, at much greater strengths, and that fish-oil itself seems to lie more fatal to iu.sect life than i.ther animal fais. A good soap can be made as follows: — Concentrated potash lye ^^ !'"■ Water "^ !^"""-'^- Fish-oil ■" P-'"""- Dissolve the Iv,. in boiling water, and to the boiling solution add the fish-oil; continue u. boil f..r tw'.. hour-. i....l •hen allow to cool. Any ,L'r:ule of fi^h-oil will answer.' Whale-oil soap mav be applied in the strength of one iiound in four gallons of water for brown or black plant-lice, and one pound in six gallons for green plant-lice; warm water shoiild alwnys \^ use,! wlion di'solvinrr it. Soaps of all kinds are verv useful in adding adhesiveness to liquid mixtures when it is necessnrv to apply these to such veg-tation as cabbages, turnips, peas. &-c.. which have their leaves cove:ed with a waxy secretion which i.reveiits water from lying ujion them- Any kind of ■ lap will answer for this purpose, and it may be remembered tha' one quart of soft soap is about eipial to one pound of hard soap. . I I 18 VI. Carbolic Acid.— Th\a fluid Li very valuable as a preventive remedy, owing to its permanent and characteristic odou •, which is found to be distasteful to many insects. A convenient form of usinj? it is the Cook wash, which is so effective against root nuig- gots. This consists of boiling up ore quart of soft soap, or one pound of hard soap, in a gallon of water. When boiling, add half a pint of crude carbolic acid. Boil for a few minutes and stir thoroughly. The mixture is then ready to be stored away for future use. When required, take one part of this nii-xturc by measure to fifty of wnter, end sprinkle or spray directly upon the growing plants once a week from the time they appear above ground. Carbolized Plaster, Sand, Ashes or Sawdust.— This is simply one pint of crude carbolic acid, well mixed with tifty pounds of laud plaster or some other diluent. It is used dry by sprinkling it among plants to be protected, and is said to be very efficient against tlea-beetles. Striped Cucumber Beetle, &c. VII. Pol.siinvd lUmhunx Mixture.— \\\c discoviry of the great value of Bor- deaux mixture as a destroyer of fungous diseases was soon followed by the equally important one that vt^rious poisons could be mixed with it and form a joint mixture destructive at the same time of fungous diseases and insect pests. AH of the arseni- cal poisons can be mixed with the lime Bordeaux mixture, ami this pru tioe is now a general ons, when it is necessary to protect crops against fungous diseases and at the same time to destroy insect enemies. A useful formula for making the Poisoned Bordeaux .Mixture for fungi and leaf-eating inserts is the following:— POISONED BORDEAUX Ml.XTURK. For Fungi and Leaf-eating Inaeclt- Copper sulphate (Bluestone) '4 lbs. Unslaked lime 4 lbs. Paris green '^ o^- Water (1 barrel) 40 gallons. Dissolve the copper sulphate (by suspending it inside a wooden or earthen vessel containing 4 or 5 or more gallons of wat( r.) Slake the li-ne in iinother vessel. If the line, when shikcd, is lumpy or granular, it should be strained througli coarse sacking or a 'fine sieve. Pour the copper sulphate solution into a barrel, or it may be dissolved in this in the first ,,...ce; half fill the barrel with water; dilute the slaked lime to half a barrel of water, and pour into the diluted copper sulphate solution ; make the Pans green into a paste by adding a little warm water and then pour it intc. the barrel and stir thorou-hly. The mixture is then ready for use. (Never tnix eciieentratod milk of lime ami copper solution.) A stock solution of copper sulphate and milk uf lime may be prepared and kept in separate eciv.rcd barrels throughout the sjiraying season. The r.uantities of copper sulphate, lime and water should '"■ carefully noted. To test Bordeaux mixture, let a drop of ferrocynnidc of potassium solution fal into the mixture when ready. Tf the mixture firns reddish brown. i»dd more milk if lime until no change takes place. When spraying potatoes for potato rot and the Colorado Potato Bwtle use .six pound.s of copper sulphate iin.l .ight ounces of Par's green. Arsenites must not '.>e nppli-'l in Bonienux mixture, when this is made with soda instvad of lime, or the I'lliiiLc will 1 (■ injured. -M^i_. la FABT n. I.— TNSKCTS INJURIOUS TO ORAIN AND FODDKH (HOPS. Hessian Flv (Cecidomyia destructor. Say), Figs. 1, 2, 3. A I luck.— Ill uiituiiiii two, tliree or more small whitisli ningg, ..s tniiy Ih.' found im- hcdilcd in the crown of wiiitor wht-at or in sp.nmer just above t!;j tirst or second joint of llii' stems uf wheat, barley and rye, whe'^; tliey lie beneath the sheath of the leaf but outride the stein, from which ti:ey suck the sap, causing the stem to be,.jme weak and fall over. When full grcwn these mag;;ots harden and turn dark-brown and the:i resemble small fla.x seeds. From these in .May and Juno, and asain in August and ..I the beginning of September, enierfje small )ladvi.~li midges with wimiki' wings, which measure about a quarter of an inch cross the eximiuleil wings. Ihc females lay small bright rerally kn'iwn by wheat growers and with a little more co-operation a grent doal might be done to prevent the increase of this most destructive enemy of our stapl(? food crop. The best remedies are: — (1.) Late Soi)in(i.--'\ .,e ra.ist important preventive rcn /?dy is the pjstpo lemeMt of the siH'diiig of fall wheat .util the cud of Septcmher, wliicli delays the iipp(\ir:\nce of the young plants until after the flies of the second brood are dead. At the same time special care slio..ld be tnki n to prei)a:-e th(> land as well as possible for the crn]), and in periods of excessive abundance strips of wlicat may be .si wn in August to be ploughed down iigain willi all their containeil larva? by the middle of September. (2.) liinnui'j Jii'fuse. — !Maiiy of the Hax seeds of the summer brojd are carried with the straw and at threshing time fall with the rubbish beneath the machine or are left in th(> straw. All dust and sereeiung.s, tiierefi re should be carefully destroyed, and all straw ami smull seeds should either be used up during the winter or burnt before sp-ing. (:!. ) Trciii of L mii lull w lit at iiiid wild grasses. Larvie from this brooil were also found [mil-grown in l.irj^e numbers iu the roots of volunteer barley in th ■ middle of September. The empty egg shells from whieh the larvse had hatchei!, were found adhering to the first leaf of infested plants and the central leaf was dead, making it an easy niattiT to detect the injured plants. B'lies taken at the end of Sept- enilicr imiy possibly have bicu Ixhited speeinn ns if the s-coiid broi bo in advance of any volunteer crops. These strips should h-^ ploughed under in August to destroy the half-grown larva-. This probably would prove the most efTectivo mian.s ..f ohecl) Late sowin;.'. It has been found that fall wheat sown after the 25th September wa.s much less attacked by this insect than that which was sown at the ordinary time. The Lesser Wheat-stem Maggot (Oscinis carhonariii, Loew). AltacL: — Small yellowish-whito legless mairirot^, 1 id" iin inch in len .lii, fuiind in autunm destroying the basts of the shoots of grasses and fall wheat. Also otcurring in spring wheal and grasses in June, attacking the young root shoots, close to the ground. The two small black liook-likc jaws are disiinetly visible and the last lt(l ill ' strii'ls wlivTi' llifs*- llu-s aiiinar. An Imili tliu WJiuat-slem ^MaggoU brt-cl lurgt'ly ill wild grasses, tlic liuruiutr ovit of grass lands, except tiiiiotliy, which for- tunately is not atlaeUitl, and all waste placiti, will offer uiiicli protection. This should be done in winter or early spring. Prof. Webster also draws special attention to the value of lati> seediii.u of i.dl wheat. Till:: WlltAT MllXiC (Uiplutu liiiki, Kirbyj. Allacii. — Wiieii wlieal is in blosooni in llie luuulh nf J uuc, minute yellow mid)(e> With black iyi8 may be found, particularly low.iid.- eveiiiiig, llyiug over the tieids and laying eggs m tlic Hunts ol the ears of wiieat. 1 Iilsu egs.^ in about a week hutcli iut » iiuall reddisli-orange uiag^ut.s, which sonietime-s to the luiiuber of ten or twelve He inside llie cliali .in. I su> k liif juKis from llie swelling kernel. Wh.ii iii.itur.', tliey leave the ears of wheat and penetrate about an inch bvueatli the surface of the ground, where they spin tiny cocuuils, iiisidi- uliirli tliey remain n.irmully until the following spring, when the perfect niidgi'S eineiKi'- Inder special eii\umstaiices, however, some of the flies appe.ir in laic suiiimor and lay llioir eggs upon uilunteer wheat or the young la'.i wheat. It is many years ■-iiicc the Wheat Midge, which i- generally knowni by farmers and millers a* 'the wtt '•'!," has bit'ii the cau.si' of much los.s in the wlieat crop of the Dominion. Fifti cii yiars ago the losses were enormous; but, just when it seemed :\'. its worst, it >uddeiily di^appearcil entirely and since thai time lias not been the ran.se of ■•vidospread injury, i here have been occasional outbreaks, as in the Niagara distri't ii: ls:iS and hi.st yciir in the fertile Chilliwiuk district of th • Fraser River valley. H.C.. where it was estimated that in some fipbls fully half the crop was destroyed. Remedies.— I'hr remedies for the Wheat Midge depend largely upon the way it I'..sscs the wimcr. lih method- which li:ivc given tiie beat results arc as follows :— (1) Deep plougbiii.s directly tl.<' crop is cnrriwl, so as to bury the larvie so deep that the flics cannot work 'heir w.iy out through t'le soil. (•2) The bnriiint' of all cliall. dust cr rubbish known as ' .scieciiings ' or ' tail- :,"gs' from leni':i*!- 'he threshin;: o'nchines. as these contain many of the larva; which arc carried ^viia the crop. If fed tn cliii'Uens or domestic animals, this shn-.ild be don-- 111 a place where none of tlie puiiaria can escape destruction. n) rienn farming, ineludinir the cutting of all prasse.s a'.mg the edffes of tieids and t';e plom.'biii,i; tlowii of nil volunteer crop- found in wheat fields before winter KPts in, so as to destroy an atitumn brood where one exists. (4^1 The cnltivntion of such varieties of wheat i\9 pxik rienec has shown are least ."flfCteil bv th's insect. The V'kstkk.n Wheat-sie.m S.\wki.v tCrjiliiis occidnilalis. Kiley i: Marlatt), Fig. tl. yl^;^fi.._Slender white grubs found inside st.'ins of wheat which have fallen down just before it rip. ii>. 'i"iu- li.ad i.s r.v.indcd. ycilowish; mandiblci dark.-^iied. B'>dv :wollen at the first two joints after the head and taporinit slightly to the end of tho body, where there is a short blunt tul>ercle with a dark hard tip. When full-grown these grubs .tr- nearly half an inch in len-ith, and by this time each one will have bored tbrr.imli all o- mos' f the knots in the stems of wheat in which they are. loavin-; a discoloured tunnel ext ling from tbo top joint, down to the root, where, when mature, nftov p:irti:illy gniiwini.' tbroui-di tlw sten. they si)in thin transparent cocoons ilMiii^aiMilAl ii. which thty po-sa the winter and cliaiigi; to pupu' the following Juno, rrom then* *nierg»', ubout inid-.-uiniiifr, hliuk shilling four-wingul *avNlli«H about one-third of an -neh ill lenjrtli. Iiuixlcd und spoltt-d with yillow. 1 htwe tlicH lay thi ir vifgi in the yoiiiie wheat, jimt iis the ears iiru uppisirinK from the sheath, and the hirvic huteh very •oon, coming to full prowtli hy the end of Augiwt, wlien the attack is usually noticed by farmers from the niimbj'r of .straws which fall rkwn or hreuk off, owinK to the iarvip having gnawed aw.i.v some of the inside siih.^tnnce of th<' straw so as to cut u ring all round it U'lore 8|>iiiiiiiig their eociioii>. For Bcverul years n wheat stem aawtly ha^ ooeiirred intermittently at varioua an i widely separatinl loealities in ilimitoha and the Nnrlh-west Territories, and has some- times been the cause of so heavy a losg as one-quarter of the crop, lut usually much l*aa than that. It was at hret supposed that this insect was the sai,.i> species as was iroated of in 1880 by Professor Comstoek (Cornell University, Coll. of Agric. Bull. U) as the European Cephua pygmmua, L. which appeared suddenly at Ithaca, New York, in 1889 and then disap[)eared entirel.v and has not since been observed there. Fnder the name of ('. piigmaii.% 1 have wferred to the VVestt-rn Wheat-stem Saw-fly In previous publieationa ; but, spccitnens of our North-western insect have recently through the kindness of Professor A. D. McCiUivray been identified as ('fphua oecl- iimtalia. The differences in the me ings of the two upecies are very slight and are ilao variable. The habits of the tw insects are i.leuticiil. ft seemed more probable 'hat the species which gives trouble our western wheat fields would prove to he a native species which had spread from wiM grasses, than th.nt a European species should have Ik-cm introduei d into the West without n|)pearing at intervening points. Larvte cf two different species of Cephvs have heen observed in the stems of wild grasses i-i Manitoba : and it can hardly be doubted that one of these is the same as has injured wheat froni time to time in the same districts.* Remedies. — As most of the insects pass the winter in the base of the straw, all stubble should be burnt over in autumn or spring, or should be ploughed down deeply before the middle of June, so as to make it impossible for the flies to work their way np to the surface. Stubble fields left for summer-fallowing should be turned down early in June; and, should the insect at any time become more destructive than it has in the pa't. early sunimer-fnllowing should lie practised every other year. Some of the c/icoo's are spun high enough up in the straw to be cut bv the binder; therefore, all etrnw from an infested field which has not been fed by spring, should be burnt. The Grain- Aphis (Nectarophora granaria. Kirby; &-c.\ Fig. 7. Attack. — Green, yellow, reddish, or dark-coloured plant-lice, sometimes occurring in large numbers upon the hend.s and leaves of wheat, oats, barley and rye. weakening the plants and preventing the kernels from filling as well a.s thev should. These plant- lice generally disappear suddenly just as tlie grain is beginning to change colour, lie- ing lis a rule (|c.stroye tr<'«'», til*! n-Kiiliir iipra.Miiu .f i.pi If on'lii nU with klTOM-IK i.'iiiii Imioi Iki'iiu'cly -», wuul <1 not util V I'li'iir tllo.1 • irci* I f a soriouH clirlil.V, i)Ut 11 Uo to a liirni iiit'iisure I iMlnl ill. fail «li al ■ f llii' fullowiiin -i asoii. A > inilar alti riiatioii of pm rations taU'S plai'i^ in till- onsc .if tin' IIoii Aplii-. wiiirii pa^«- tlic winter in the tjrfi s'tatc on piniii IriiS. from wliiiOi a win>:<'l ln'o"! of tiic plant-lici' llu' foliowinjt suniniiT ini>rralis liai'k MKuiii to their siiimner iiiiarter.-* on llio hop. Spra.viii^i the piiiiii tri'es ihirini? th« vviliter reihu'es hirtjeiy ll»' oeeiirieiiee of Hop A|'hi- la er in lh<> year. H -I i ill \Viiii;woii.\!s (L.irvie of Click l!<'etleo hore into the tiiturs of potatoes in anliinin. This injury is most freiineni on land whieh has heen for several years in sod. and the nttack is most severe in the socoiid season after the so.! has U'en plouiihed ilown. Wirewornis are the <.'nihs of a larjie family of U-elles kiiowi as fliek-hectlcs, .'Bsilv reeounized hy their power of snaiipimr iheir necks with n di.'k with such forop :i.s to .sprint' up into the air if they fall on their hacks. These hoetlos are ninny of tlicm dark brown in colour, of an oloimatcd oval form, about three tinu^s a.- lo'it: n.s broad, ami taperinir to tho end of the liodv. The rji;.'s are laid in summer ahoiit the roots o*" L'ra«s<>s and weeils. and the hirvic of most sp<>t year, and do little harm, as they liavo had plenty of food in the decayinj,' ^od without attackiiif; the crop; but the younj; larvffi whiidi were only half prown when the sod was broken, attack the crop of tho following vear, bccau-e tlu'ri- i- notliinir eW on the land for lluin to eat. It has been found that barley and rye arc less attacked ''aan nny otiiera of tho small Rraiiis, and also that elover is little injured. Those .'arlv maturiu-r t'l , -is ar, . thenf> re. b.-tter soiled as a r .'op for the ,>^ccond season after sod, liecause the b.nd can bo plou^'hed immediately nirter they are harvested, and thus the pupa- and '.lie freshly formed and still soft beetles are disturliod in their pupal cells, and many of them destroyed. Clover may be sowed in sprinu' with cither of the.se crops, and either plouRhed down with the stubble in Septemlier or left on the land until the followina: autumn, when the land eliould be plou'.'heil as soon ns there is a ?oo,l ?rnwlh after the first cuttinjj. A short rotation ■ 11 wbifdi land is not left in ijrriiss for imre than two years, wUl to a larpe measure prevent the ravat'cs of wircworms. I'rof. S. A. Forbes recommen.ls iiion'-'him; down sod in autumn and sowimr to fall wheal or rye. with clover on these in the .sprinp. the clover to be left for two years and then fidlowed by corn or roots. Some farmers have obtained pood results in clearinp land of wircworms by plousrhinc twi< . in the same autumn, the first time in August, the land to be well harrowed a week later, and then Toss-ploughe*! in Septeirber. u K.xti'imivi' exprriiiM rit-' mmlc l).v I'mf. FiirU>t in Illiinii." ninl I'mT. Sliiifrirliiml in Now Voi'k. slunvcil tlu> ii-<'li>H|ir.i-« ol' inuii.s I'l'i-Mriiinriuli'il nimdiix, »iiil; ii« ■•nnliiiu muni ^rniii of nil UiiuU wltli imiviii, tin ;' iippliiatiDii ol' xalt ninl utln r rliiiiii- i!iil8, 1111(1 even of u t'Ifiiii fullow to »tari llio wircworm* out. White (ini ii> { l.niliiiiislirnii fiixni, Fr..li. ; ,Vc. ). Fii:. 10. Attack. — White OriilH nre the hirvio of the Miiy lloctlcs or Juno IShkh, -...-imIIiiI friiMi tliiir (;n'i\t iiliiiMdiinif In Miiy awA .liinc, uliou tiny niuy l.i- fuuinl In liirti*' nnnilMTs il.viiii; nrounil trees niid bnshrs, sl:/. their injuries heiinr ino.st riutiitahle in the -< ir after soil has been i)loii;;lied down. It is claiiiKil hy I)r. S. .\, Korl-n '1 d winter aiiii siiinnier is passed as a hirva and that the pruhs do iii.t (.lianv'i- .\ .liiiio and .Inly of the ihii'd sea-on, the porfeet iK^etles i^-uin;; fr> in tli.' p r tiirtHj week.s afterwards, hut passiier the tliird winter in the piipiil it11.s :iii' .^ the following .Tune. Thus three full years are consumed from the tiiiM • a». laid until the perfect beetles appear. A'ciiici/'r.x-. -I'lifortuiuUely, there are \\f measures wliidi cm \^ dej for the destruction of Wliite tiruli.s in mo.st crop.s ; but as the efrijs are h. ^ass lands, land which has been in sod for several years should not !• irn or potatoes, the second year after breiikiiip. The fir.it year the pr plouj-'hed down to a large measure, fccda any grubs which may Ijc in the •- as pi^s are piirticuhirly fond of tlies* g-riihs. .i crop such us rape or t .:> sown with advantaire and the field turned into a lio^' pasture, when tin only feed on the crop, hut hunt out nniny of the pruha in the soil. It .- these animals will, in the course of a few weeks, completely clear a h.id' iiot .1 t/. ..i( .•h l' an' ps IlM' tf» wii: i On account of the depth to w! the grubs burrow U'fore winter, i be fed off before the first frosts. Clover, it ha.i been particularly atf.icked by White rirubs; therefore, this crop ix m|»i iliiritiff the 8))riii); nml fumk liiiKx pnt tlipiii li;ii'. Tlifv m-cm t" In- iii'wi iiuiiktoiih wlurf ui'c.l< linvc Imii nllcnviil ixn*- ■vnnioii of llii' l;inil (Inriiitr tin- pri>viniH iiiitiinn. Tin- hik-cIcs wliicli Iimm 1ki|iit'>itl.v (|(>t otlirr !t|»'i'ii'^. linwi'vcr. wliiii tlio.v ocfiir, iiri' iiiiicli iiicirr ilitlicult til rt'ni'li, li<'cnii»<' thoy fi'ril cliii'llv npnii rimt-t mul work iilninst iiilirel.v Ixinatli tlio .siirfmv. Tliouc nrc the (iliis«v Ciitwcirm i llnilinn iliviixlalrix. llnicr). mul lli«> Yrriow-liriiilcil Ciraonii (II Hfliini iirrHcii. Kdv.). Thrx^' iirr of a dirlv «liiliMli I'lilinir. very similar in p mrnl appoariiim', Imt llic fnrnipr lias i r<'i|,|isli-hri>vvn li< nl. nml tin- luxly is tinifril willi liinisli ^ri'cn. wliilr tlii' Yilli'W-ln'adi'il <'Mt\vi)rni lias a Miiiikv-'-'my body, and the lii'aackcd Cntwortn. Ilicy iii.'y frccpiciitly be coti- trolled with comparative ease by scatteriii); poisoned bran lijrlitly tbrouKb tbo (jruiii, m .\r the spots where the cntorpillars nrc' iimst iiniiieron-. or alii ad of llieni, when they »re (K> nuiiieroiis as to htive assnmod tiie inarchin;; habit. iSi^c pai;c .'10.) If land i» syBtomatically kept clear of weed* in uutnmn, there will seldom 1«^ trouble from cutworms in the crop of the followiujr .voar. I'rairie or st>d land wliich is to U' broken for sei'ilinir the ne.\t ,vear should Ih- fed otT as late as possible or mowed before break- ing. In this way the female nwths will not 1m' attracted to tiie tall veiritalion on such lands when laying their epjis. The Corn Wor.m { 11 1 hiiHiis iinniijir, lllm.). Fi:;. ^I."), V\ w I : From time to time complaints are receivid from various parts of the country ol more or les.- injiiiy l" sweet ii -ii in aiiluinn iiy the caterp liar of ^i imc'tuid iiiotli which is known by variou.s popular naimti. It is what Professor Lu;;jfer i-alled tie Sweel-t'orii Moili. Ill- I :i.s-. I Woiiii. in .\l iiiiii 7.ot.i, ami 1-. al-ack and tlio oatorpiHars rlostroyrd i\v hand. Whori'. as in Canada, it is nulv ac lonor intervals th-it harm is done in any one place, corn prowers are taken by surprise, and the injury is done before it is noticed. Tt i.a olaiaied that many of the moths may bo taken in lantern traps consistinp of a lamp standiiic in an ipon pan oontainiup water witli a little coal oil on top of it. Any one, therefore, who knew the appearance of the in=oct. upon reeoimizin!; the moths in y. ars of irro:it .dMindaiioo flyinor around llshts 21 HI iiifclil. mmkIiI \'Ui-v IjiiUtii lni|w ii> .1, »,ril t-.l ul..\ lu li« cr.,|.. ui„| iJ.uh prevBiil (utiirt- Iosm; ImiI iliU iiufvl. likr iii,in> ollur, uliicli ii|,|.,iir in tin iiittTimtlfiit • 'ui.in-r. will alwii.VH I).' ii Munri f tr ,iil.l... (In ii,.|,|« wli.ie :i ,.r..p ..f .■..rii U kriiwii t . h.iv • boi'ii iittu.k.il I.} tin- i'orn Worm, ili.. mI.I stiuijt sliouM 1 1' roiimveil fmiii tin- tit-Id aa ► ooii lis III.' ,.r,|> U K:itlirr,-.|, iiii.j III,' luii.l |,:"uu'li.'.l Jf.'|)l,v in ^ritiimn •.'. .is to br.-V« "1' I'" ' '" '•'"' '••;i'"»' tie piipir I.. 111.' wcMtlior mill their variuu, oiiemi.". nmonjj thi^Hiiiiill liinU mill in.imiiuils. I iK\s>ii(in'i.ii> 1,11 l,uii-,i>. tins 11. 1-'. t;i, 14. .\lliuk-. (iniii»hi>|>|i('r!<, nr lcieii«N, j-nMU'tiiiifS iiiiilli|ilj- r :"riii"U«ly. fsin-^'lully ,lur liiK n dr.v Hi'ii-^oii lolldwiiiK' iiii'illuT «( tin; saiiu' cliaiuctir. I li.y llun U'crin.' wry ■.wtriictivi' I" Kriiiii .iinl otiier ito|w. .Most ot liic iiijurmu- -ih fi. » purs the winter it) tlie etr>r sliile. TI.e leiiiale;^ ili'imsit ill ir i B^s ill ilio Krmiinl i;i • p"il*,' or tiiii.--tg, ,t{ iuioiit thirty ipr iiiori' ceiiieiileil iumtluT liy u iiiin-oiis tliii.l. The y'Uiiii; Kruii'tlinppers are wingless iiliil cnii only truvel hy hupping, Imt mIUt several insults tli.y .i.'ipiire •Miif> iiiul are able te riiDVe Ini'ly from place to plaee. .•.utiie "iieei'S. espc'ially the voriieiiiiis sii-<'alle,l l{i.eky Aloiiiitnin l.ui u-t (J/WdiiL^/'i/s .«pic7e.s, I'lier), leinjr ahl" t( tly \>'t^K (li> ut • ni- :nl i ipiart. r inelies ieiijr, irniii iho head to tiie ti|w ut" the elnscd winu-. An.'ther iniu'rat .rv and dostnictive gpeeie.s, ratlior smaller in size, is the b'sser Mit.'rat.irv fxie\i-t (.1/. atlanis, Rilry). This latter is much more Keiicrally distributed throiichout 'he cm- tineiit. Severfll iioii-iiiii.'ral"rv Iim'u»i~ have iii -iuiin years appiare'l in .I'-tr leiive imm ber«, .IS the Rcd-k'f,'>;ed I.neii.'st (.V. femur-ruhnim. IVd.) and the Two-Sfriix-d I.neiist 1.1/. hirilliitits. Say), in all parts .if C'anad i. In the West, Packaril's I/'^ust (M.i>ack-- ardil. Scildd), and the I'elliicid I.A)CUst (<'ixmniihi \ifUiiciii'i. Semldi. freipiently a'id ll'eir injuries In those ef other species. Kxlensive lo.sses from locusts have taken jihice in v.irinns parts of Canada in cer- tain sensons; but by far the mosr important ravapes have been wr..nt:lit in Manitoba nnd British Columbiii. X'.irions species take part in this dpvn?*ati.in. but tin- ino-t destnictive species in British Oolumbin has proved to h<> Camrxnla peUnridt. Sru'ld.. hlthoupb much harm was done in the Nicola valley by a species cIiispIv r s. mblin'.' the Rocky Mounta'n TiOcnst. but a rather smaller species called Mehnnphis i^nis, Coq,. which ban the same habits. In Manilnlia liie Rneky ^lonntain r.nciisf and the Lesser MigT'itory Locust have done by far the Inreest proportion of injnry to cMp*. The effjifs of the Rocky Mountain Locust are laid by preference in li^dit soil with a firm stirfaee. such as is presented in a field under a irrain crop. So much is this the case that, when such conditions are available, hardly any cp-sr.s will W laid elsewhere. In Manitoba the young Rfnsshoppera hatch in ^fay, become fiill crown and have wincrs about the 1st July, when they bejiin migratinfr in swarms to fresh feedinp and bre*'!iii>f (rrounds. Y.frg lnyin are: i 1. 1 The pi '"trbi!!? down of the egfss in autumn or before the younff hatch in sprinir. This is renden^d •aay by the fact iruntioned above that the e^^gs arc laid almost eiitirL-iy l:i Ian! vvhicl: i.s or b;is recently been un. For a short p»!ri(id. and in restricted localities with all weather conditions favourable, good results have occasionally be<'n obtained; but the diHiculty of priscrving the spores alive and usinir them when rennired, has been s.. great tliat nil entomologists who have experimented with the fiingu.s. have after a short time relinciuished the effort in favour of other mcthoti! O'cnciM'/ ninricana, Stcph.), Fig. 15. .•l^/acA;.— Small, whitish, slightly hairy caterpillars, when full-grown, aboul half rtP luch in lengtli, which live inside the green pods, attacking the peas by gnawing rau'fic.l-edg; .-avitie.-, into them aiul tilling the pod anund the cavities with a mass of excrement. SSa 28 The Pen Moth, phuwii at fis. 15 (:i, 4) in the perfect form, is a siiinll f^hity gray iMoili, thre(-i'i(ilillm of mi iii eailv as |pos.-ilile and. where the Pea Moth is des- tructive every year, sowing the enrlirst ripeni'i.; xariecii's, many of wl.'ch can be grown ready for the table by the first wi>ek in July. I'licse vill beiiniti {lee from the attacks I'f the catorpill.irs. (2.) .Xs tile coco Mis are spun in the ground bene. ah the plants lliey bavi' int'i'-t."! It is advisable tn use every ye;ir fresli land, a- f:ir .is jiiissible removed from tlebls which have been used before for the cultivat'on of seed peiise. Tn gardens where the land ii regularly du.'jf every year, this sboulil be well ilmie. to bury the ooiis so d-ep- ly that the moths cannot emerge, and all pea vines should be liiirnt with the small imperfect pods, directly the main crop has been picked. ('.).) From some <'Nperinieiits it lias been in lie itcil thai benefit niny bo di>riv!'d by spraying tlic pea vines directly the youno' pods are fnrmeil and twice afterwards at intervals of ten days, with a licpiid wasli of Paris creen, 4 ounces, niid soup one pound in 2.') gallons of water. The Pea Wi;e\ il ok " Pi:a Hug ' (Biucitiin piiunim, ],iim.). Fig. 10. Attack. — A small, lirowuisli-gray, very active beetle, one-fifth of an inch lonw, uith two conspicuous black spots on the end of the body, which emerges from seed (M-ase in autnnin or in sjiring, leaving a sinali round hole. The life history and habits of the Pea Weevil arc widl known. The egg is laid on the outside of the young pod, and the grub, on hatching, eats its way in and iK!ne- trates the nearest iK'a. IKtc it remains until full-grown, consuming the interior of the iH'a and passing through all its stages, from a white tiesliy grub to the pupa, and then to the iierfcct beetle. As a rule, the beetles do not, under ordinary circumstances, leave the pease unlil these are sown the following spring. Some of the beetles, how- ever, in certaiu seasons, escaji- fl'eiri the jn-a^r. ori-ascMrtily :i3 early as harvest tune, or during autumn, and (lass th(> winter hidden .•iwny uiidir rubbish, or about barns and otli(>r buildings. On reviving in spring' they tly to the fields r they winter (Uifside the pea-e or insid,. the grain, die about the same lime the following season, viz.: dnriu:r the month nf .Inne. 24 Loss by sowing Weivillcd Feasc. — Tliut seed peuse which liave been borod by weevito ur© very seriously injured, 1 have proved by uetuul experimeuto. Weevilled •mall pease gave only from 13 to 2U per cent of plants which bore pods, und thcg« were ull we.iker than plants Iroiu pirlecl bced. harye poiise gave a better percentuga 01 from It) to 28 per cent. Tlierelore, weevilled peuse sliuiild not bu used for HCtni if any other stm'k is obtainable. If, lioHever. Uiis is iiiipussible, much more seed siiouM b«' sown to the acre. REUKDIES. Fumiyation. — Fuinif-ation with iiisiil|iliidu of carbon is a sure rt'medy. tor tiie treatment of small iniautilies ot .seed, purtieuiarly by farmers, an ordinary eo.il oil burrel is very convenient. This will hold about 5 bushels, or JiOO pounds of seed, and may lie treated with 'A ounces of bi.sulplii,,n as possible after harvest, but they mn/ iic treated at any time when the temperature is above freezing. As the vapour of bisulphide of carbon is very inflnmniable. lis work shoidd bo done at a distanse from rther bnililinps and no lipht of any kind nuist be bronpht near. \o smokincr must o" iillowed near the bui dinpfs where the bisulphide of carbon is boinjj used. Whoro lartfo quantitips of pease are to bo treated at once, in specially prepared houses, one pound "f bistdplnMo of carbon to every 100 bushels of seed, is the amount roffularly ns<'d by largo seed hou.ses. a.s iti those tiprhtly oonstrnctod ' bus houses ' there is loss waste of tl.e vapour (hirin-r the reces.sary expnsnre of 4S hours. Holding over seed. — Where only a few seed pease are used, a most reliable remedy is the holding over of seed until the second year. I'ease should always be bagged up and the sacks tie. In i ximiinc tor ihem.-olve.-* to see that any loiitaiiud we peas will not live over tile winter in oir climate if left in the open tield. at any rate, in any part of the country where the Pea Weevil is known to breed, consequently, every seed pea sown for emp mn^t. at .ionie time before it was sown, have i^een under the control of some one l,v whom u could have been treated before sowinjr, to destroy the contained weevil, if it had one. The remedy is effective, easy and cheap, is well known and can be appliet] by anyone. If all growers wonld combine and earti a central white line, liut there is im appearance of the two black ;iMits which are bo conspicuous in the Pea Weevil. The lif' History of the P.ean Weevil differs in some important |X)ints from that of the Pea Weevil. The eiifis of both are laid upon the pods while these are young and tender. On hatching, the young e"di of the Bean Weevil eats il.s way inside and pene- trates one of the forming lieans, oral grubs entering a single bean, each one funning for itself a distinct cell. They become fii'l-grown and change to pupu- in the autiiuio and a littlr later to the ])erfeet beetles. 'I'lic date of emergence from the soed depends very miieh. a~ in the caM' of the Pea We when liatejicd would penetrate the ply of l>eans lasted. Curionsly enough, tin. Pea Weevil does not bore holts through the paper or cotton Imgs in which iiife>t('d seed has been stored, but in the case of the Bean Weevil such bags are readily pi-rforated and the booties escape, — frequently, when this happens i»- "ies. as is sometimes the case, to the great consternation of the inhabitants. mm^mitiit^mam VI The Bean Weevil seems to bi- ii eosmopolitiiii specie.", the (irigiiial lioine of which was ill Asia. It was iirohahly introduced into America thrniiprh comiucrci- and lia« l)een the cause of eonsiiiirahlc ihimaRc in variovis States of the American I'nion. It has been mentioned in tiie report.s of several I'nited Statw entoi (jIos st.s. full articles he- ing given by Profcs.sors Rilc.y. Popenoe and Lintner. There li.^s hern a crcat deal of discussion ns to the proper name of the spc>cies. The last deci.sion siein-s to he tliat the beetle shoiih' l)e called Bnirlni.i ohi\r'>ii of Say. The I'ean Weevi'. has never lieen vor>' injurious in r^av.ada. The European Bean Weevil (Bruchus rvfimanus, Sch.) is shown at Fig. 18. This is occa-iona'.ly imported in seed, hut has never o5jal)lislicd itself as a i\>st. Remedies. — As in the case of the Pea Weevil, the best remedy for thi.s insect is the destruction of the weevils inside the beans as soon as possible after the crop is ripe. Frmigalion with bisulphide of carbon is the best treatment in ever}' way. The Bean Aphis (Aphis rumicis, L.). Attack-. — Black plantdice thickly clustered on the tips of horse beans and broad beans, and also occasionally on other =niooth beans, at the time of tlowering. One (if ;he preat diffi<'iiltios of growing horse beans in Canada has been the occur rence of this European species of plant-louse, whi'-h is such a seriou- pest of horse beans in Europe. As this crop is little grown in Canada, small attention has b.'en drart'u lo it. li'fmeJ}/. — The usual practice in Europe is to cut off th., tips of attacked plants. upon which the plant-lice arc nearly always cluiterod, l^av'in? the r-;5L o^ the pljnt at the time of llowering free. 'J his practice is also 1 < iiefi<'ial Iccauso it overcomes onu cif the chiif dillii'ullies in f;rouinr; this crop, which is the failure of the poiU to develop. This che<.'king of the growth by cvittin-; off the tips causes the fbnver? to jct pod- better than if the tips are left on. The DE.sTRUcrivE Pe.v Aphis I .\''i-l(iiojiiii'rn destructor, Jil-u.'. Fig. 19. .■\t!(ick. — Pale green plant-lire vith h gs darkened, piirlicularly ut the joi: honey fube.= very lung; clustered in ci ?aves and sometimes over the whole plants of field pet js numbers at the tips of the shoots, beneath tl !ie 1 we!l as \ip-jn tlie iloweiing sweet peas and clover. Thc>e insects appear suddctily in large nunilcrs an 1 very soon kill th<' nhints bv .-urking their sap. The wli'grd speciiiicns ar..- ratl.i r laigi^ for the I apbids, being about one-eighth of an inch in length, with a wing exi'iii.' ■ i IJi-al ly ofir quarter ef an iurh. The Kesiructive Pea Aiihis in the sunimr'r- injury in North America, practically destroying .f iss:t he will. i;.e'K> WD I'j ,i: eii'jr mus So ithf tatcs and over the iin ater part of < is . -7 thought to 1 e the same as the (Irecn hi>»h a clover insect as well I). lUic winch ore.isi in (ycctar'^iii >n:illv de\'el ii • cr ip of 1 lie pe 'jf the prairii-^. t'.i; tvj y-jari red, as a ilestructive enemy of peas. Fnrtunatrly. this is the only recorded in^vmce when such extensive injury has irrcd. Prof. E. Dv aiiders'-n .-tiites !ki^ tl. has been known as one of the worst pests of peas, vetches and cover- fl'ir ;>'• for a liiuidred years. The aydTids leave rl.iver on which they have i as-ed J!,e wii.-.r. .n spring, and feed upon pras during the .summer, returning' to clover a-a:ri in O-^tober and Xovenil cr. Remedirs.-'Dus plant-lou-e is an evtre-My activ-- sp-ci-.s. sp-i-i?i-i-.' fri'n the [•m planU ..n tlie sliLditest touch. This habit wa^^ taker; ;!dv;in'a?e nf l;y I'r^f. \V. C, 98 J(ilin>i>ii, n-i J found tliat (cuil work cuuld liu ilmic liy wliai \\r oallnl the linisli and cultivator (thod. The pens wcrp planted in rows 24 to :I0 indii's upnrt nnd tlir vinos were liruslied backward and forward by boys with pine swifcluw, wiio wciit in f7i>nt ol nu If.iii \)if I'liitivator drawn by a .siu;;lo horse. In lbi« way the plarif-iic' wliii-li left the vines quickly when shaken, wore covered a-i snou as they fell to tho (ground nnd dcs'royod ThiBrcniidy was applied over hirtre anns. One ojiorator after trying ail methods found that this was the most effeetive. Forty men were enKa(re r^ds litisi. On sweet peas in gardens spraying the vines wliieh sliovvcd the i>resenco of the plant-lice by their >tuiitcd appearance, with the ordinary kerosene eiu-ilsion or with .'i whale oil soap wash (Remedy 5) proved quite effective. !: 1 fi TlIK Cr.OVER-.SEED MlDOK (Cvcidi'tniiia lr;iumiiiic"lver Weevil and the Punc- tured Clover Weevil, has not so far proved a serious enemy to clover crops in Canada. so although the betlhs hnve letn taki'ii iii several pliico^ by oillectoM. I'ha ipaci'^i i* C(>',.moii>'st ill the coiiTitiiM north of Liki- Ontario; bat th - b:.!tles wen extre "ly nlniiiiluMl ill Vicloiiii. Ilritish CnhMiihij, :it th. < iiil of .luly. 1902. Ilcmidii. -Ihe .inly r mc.l.v lor this iiisL-ci is the iiloushinjr down of lia.lly infostcd tii'UU ill Jiliiy. Jortutintely this iv M-ldoni ii m'vito loss to ti farniir on account of tho KiHMt fcrtilizinji: viiliio ol plounhod down clover As a matter of fact, this step ir;rc number* they are almost iiivariiilijv destr.i.vcd by a parasitic fundus. Etthnnnfthora siuKrrosjn'rma. Frrs. Attacked larvie crawl to the rops of cra-is stems, and. ciirliu,' thvr b i lies round the stems turn to a pallid white colour and die. A few days later the body decays and the sp.ires lire i.'iveii ,itT caiisinj; .\ very iiilcclious ilisrasc .iiuoiiir olhi r larvir. TlIK (illKEN CunKU WuEVK. (l'liyli)iioiini.'^ tiii/riru.slrix. l'"ab.). Attiicl.-. — LariiBs'nj hir to those of tbe previ uis specie-, b ii much smaller and' f«eding Cor the ii ost part in li.e ^lipulos i.f the niiiK-r i, avcs and in the younp formiiiff heads. Much iiior(> ;ibiiM(liiiit and mire destriiotiso to clo.-ar in (^.inid.i than thr- (^lover Leaf Weevil. Althoiiffh the larva- frequently app<\ir at the same time and toRother with th-se of the larger species, they ren-ain in the clover longT, almost up to the end of June. The iK-rfect beetles appear in .luly and in antnnin and pass the winter as such hidden away bene.ith dead vegetation and in inos.s. They arc somewhat of the same shape as the Clover l/.vf Weevil, but only oiio-tiiird of the size, of a bright green colnir with a pniportionatcly loiifier leak. whCh is black. The white coco ns are often spun inside the bracts < f the cdovcr iieads. The snninicr brood appears iii .lu'y and is of a brown colour washed with green, but much le.ss green than the autumn bnoii. liinudji. Wlam clover shows the presence of the weevil, it .should be fed off or cu*. I ally, wlicii tbe juipa' and iarva' will be destroyed, ("lover lands treated for the Clover-seed Mdge will also be freed of this pest at the same time. TllF (^l,()M-R Sl'.KI) CaTEIIPIM^AR I Ui'iiijiinlilltii iiiUiginu'iiiia, (,'leni.). Auother insict which sometimes oceurs jth the above named clover weevils, and which is controlled l^y the same remedy, bin which has never done very mucli harm in ''aiiaila. is the ( 'l.iver-s. cil Catei'iiillar. 'I'lic iirci iiish-white lurvie a qiiarrer "f an i'lch long, live in the heads of the clover, destroying the ss^'l by gnivin? inti the 3 ml! pods at the iiase. The <)elicate cocoans an; spun in the clover heads. Th'ire .irj two broods, th(> moth.s occuriiiig in June, in .luly ami in Auirust. The moth is a little ~ilvery sT.iy rreature with seven n ■ ii;ht line white dashes along th'» fnnt -nnr^in of the wings and two curved larger .stripes on the ir^cr margins, which meet when the wings are closed, forming two crescent-.shaiied bars, one inside the other, with the tips pointing to the outer margin of the wings. These may be easily recogn i --eil by tli< ir habit of running in circles when they settle on the leaves. The eggs nr^ ' id on peas as veil a.s on plover. Ti^E Clover Root-borer Ulplesimis IrifoJii. Mullcr - Tlylastinu/i ohscunis. 'Nfarsh). Fig. 20, Aftac!:. — Small brown Vieefles. i': inch long, shown magnified in the fiirure, which bore into the roots of clover and deposit eggs there; these eventually tnm to white Lii'iibs which destroy the root of the clover plant. ftm lit so The life histor.v of the Clover Ilout-borcr is :is foUovs: Enrl.v in spring tho inntui* heetli's eniorgc from the Kroiind, wliere tlioy liiive pii«sc.'. the wintiT in tlie roots of th» clover pliints. whieli they liad ilcstro.vtd tlic previous sensoii. After piiirin(;. the fomnle bores :i cavity in the crown of the root, and deposits there nbout half n ilnzen small white cRSs. Tiiesc hatcii in iiliont n week nnil cat their wny down into the root, hollow- ing it out, ns shown in the fipure. Tlie hurrows nro tilled up with the excrenieiit of the small white prulis (tig. b), which when full grown are only about 1-lOth of an inch in length. These chaiiKO to chrysalids. and in September the perlVet l.eethw may 1>« found in the roots. ifemerf;/.— No Ix-tfcr remedy has been supcested than tho ph'uphinR down of clover when it is found to be infested. As n nile. this is not detected until tlie «'Con€ ploughed under as soon after tho first cuttinp ns there is a Rood (jrowth on the ground. The AiiMV Worm [[li'liupliila (Lcueania) nnipuvln. llaw. |, Fips. lit, 'ii. Aildck. —Wrown. m stmictime.s blacUi-h. striped caterpillars eating me leaves and strippiufT the stems of grasses ar.d many other low plants nt night. When full-grovvn. over an inch and a half in length, and, when occurring in large numlx>rs, migrating in bodies from one food patch to another. On reaching full growth the caterpillars burrow into the gro\ind and turn to light brown chrysalids, from which in about two or three weclvs the moths emerge. These arc of a warm, satiny brown colour, sprinkled with minute black specks, and with a small but distinct white spot a little I)oyond the middle of each upper wing. When the wings are closed, the moth measures about an inch in length. They arc nocturnal and extremely active. There are in" Canada t.vo broods of the Army-worm in tho year, tho caterpillars of tho second brood appearing towards the end of .Tnly. Thi.s brood is the one which in some .years attracts attention by its depredations. The Army-worm is a native insect occurring every year among grasscf. in low ground. It is only in years of exceptional abundance that tho caterpillars spread from those places and attack cTops. The insect occurs right acm.ss the continent, and injuries have been recorded from various places; but. owing to the lar-c numbers of para^it.s \\]\\>h always aecomjiany an excessive incrca.se in the cntcrpillars. the Army-worm is very seldom abundant in tho same place for two successive years. Ucmcdlrft. — .\nny-worms may b prevented from marching from one field to another by ploughing a deep furrow across their path. This should bo cleared out so as to leave the edge nearest to the field to bo protected perpendicular. Along the trench so formed iiits may 1* dug 12 feet apart. When the caterpillars come to the treiudi. they fill in and. beins vniablc to climb up tho opposite side, march along the furrow and fall info the pits, wliere they may \io dcs'ro.ved by covering them with earth and tramping it down, or with a liberal diiii(lniit in the Mnriti no I'rovinces ns to cmmc ainnn to fitrmcM, an 1 thoro is no iloubt from tlieir iiumlirrs ilint, while the ecalc itisei-t'i are .'ictivc, they must cniisr much reduction of hny inid pasture crops, by 8uckiii(f tlie snp fcom tiie stonis. Up to tlio iinseiit this itiscet has only hhind. 'I'lip Cdttony (iras* Scnle pnspes tlic winter in the eirir condition inside the closely- felted lottnny ^iicl thwe iii.ecU. Some of tlio curly muturinj? biMicivH, im tlic IthicU Anny- worm (.V rows of an infested crop, or at short distances apart on infested land, bundles of any succtilent wool or iitlirr vivtiitiipti whii'h hiw \»n-i\ provLiiuly pnutuiiti] by ilippinv il, iiftfr tying IB bundiM, into a stroiiK mixturtj o( I'uris grt'en, 1 oz. in a pail "t water. Tb«> cut- worma eat tbv poiiuiieil plauiit, then bury tiu-tiiitelvi'a and dii'. In hot, i.y w«atb«r ttiMC buudlM ihuuld bu put uut after tiimiown, and u ^binKl•' niii.v b« plai'!.) ItundiliK oiiil wruppiUK. (a) It will U' fijutid to well npnj the troublt- iiiid t-xiKiise to plac« a band of tin around each cabbaKo or other pbint at tlif time of settini; out. Thest: may very eaaiiy be miido by taking pieocB of tin tl inches lonjt and 2i widt.. and Uiidiiig them aroutxf • spade or broom liandlt; go aa to form short tulx;-. in placing tliem around a plant the two ends can be sprung apart to admit the plai-t. and then the tui* should be preM«d •bout half au inch into the grouiui. I havo loiind thi« a useful ineuiui <.f diapoaing of •nrpty tomato and otlier cans. To prepare thes.> easily, tliey need only l* thrown into ft bonfire, when the tops and bottouiB fall otf ami th. ^ide» beconie unsoldered, 'lb*- '■entral piie. ,.f tin imiii then lie eut down the i.ntre uiih a pair of -lieiirs and forini two tubes. Cb) WruppiiiK ,1 piece ,,( paper round the .-.tern/* ot' plantji when netting them out will also save a iJrreat many. IlanilpickiiiK or dinginK out the euiuorni wlieiiever a plant is seen to \m cut off should, o| ^■ou^^e. always W praeti.s. d. (1.1 roi^oiiiil liran Ma>li. The niosi rein.irkaldy i-lfeetivp ninely aKuinst eut- worms is the poi?oneil bran nia.«h which has lately cmne into such wirle use. This is made b> nii.\iiiK half a p..und of I'aria ^'reen with tifty pounds of slightly moistened brHii. In inakiiii.' tlii-*. il i.- lieM first to dainin-n -..iin "f the liraii -liirh'ly with water coutainiiig a little sugar. Af ii r mixing thoroufihly. add the Pftri« green by dusting it on the surface aud stirring all the time. We havi- found that when Paris grf.'Mi is added to [icrfectly dry bran, owintr to its weiirht. it will sink at once to the bottom when >li/Tcd, in the same wiiy that it does in water. Half a i.oiind of Paris green is enough to poison tifty pm-pda of bran, aiihouph double this amount may l*' usi-d. Ff the mix- ture i> t o wet. II ore dry liraii -hould U- stirred in until tin- mixture will crumble 'asily and run through the liufcera without adherinc. W hen re(|uired f*>, all that is m les-ary is to sprinkle a little of th* poisoned mixture ly hand around ?uch plants is ar.- liabU to atta. a convenient way i- to m. the ii.ixture rather dry and then distribute it by mean.* of a I'hiiiot .Ir,. or other wheel .-e-der. In field prae- tiee, among such .'lose ifrowint; cro|is j- st'inding i.'rain. which ai*- snmetim'--^ iri- jured by the Ked-lackcd • iitworm, the pf.isoned bran remedy is aUo s* rviceable. Tlie Blixture can bo di-lributed hy means of a paddl or shini'lo an» considered. It is frequently in(|uired .ibout by eorre>[inndep»s. and s^m' in.=tanee« rf the poisioning if iioultry where it has hef>n used, .sec no 1 t) be justly attributable Vi their hiivinp enten some nf it. As a rule, there is littlf lunger fr rti this cause. Th^ ouantity os^d is so -mall that it is not noticed hy poiiltry: md then, in irardens. poultry do 80 f uch harm to pl:ints that they should noTer be ndmitti-- have }m^-t\ poisrined. witli if donof. by eating pois^jn**! hrnn put out for cutworms. TTnwev r. thero will he •nanv occasions when plants in ^ .S2— 3 |rorilrln Of Home otlirr povoriiiif, so llmt tlir iniitcriiil cannot Ih' irot .it li.v atrny I'liickcn- an I other pcmllry. It liun III"!! U-in nukiil wliethor iIhtc i» uny iliiiitfir ••( pliint* uUorliinu I'ariit tfrorn from ill * mixture wlien pla<-«Ml iit-ar tliiir MoIh. In roply tn this, it is only ni'if^surj to po nt out I lint I'aiij unen ii piai'fii'niiy iiisoluhir iind tiirrrfore '.-nnnot hi- nhsorlu'i. by lh«- pl.int IJiioi M vciiciis, hig-i ■2\ Alliich. Small whitf niiirr.itJ which Imr.' inli thi- rof)t^ of rafli^hiH. freshly - 't nut cahhnKP*, iiml into the liilh- of oiiinns. and .scuiii'timoi aNo injiirt! the roots of 111 una iinil Indian I'orn. The Cahlugi' or Itudish M^iKK 't, an I tlio Ouioii Maggot, whii.h for all practicnl purjiows may le tnatcd nf hi'ic ns tlir miihv pl•c•il•^, raii»i' nn ;it los:* in crops of cauli- tlowers, larly calihugi'S, l^l^lip^^, r,iili?lic.s and onioiw, almost every season. 'I'ln' niaggot* which are luiind iitiacl family, Phorhvi cepnrum. Mci^., infesting onions, and Phorbia fuicieeim, Zct' Fig. 27) injuring beans and corn. Coru sown diirinjt a cold, wet [icriod by which ^ rmination is unduly delayed, i» very liable to be altaiked by Uic I'uni-sced M.i«t?ol (P. /iiacic.p.*). in such coica it is well to wait for warm wc illicr to resow and then push on the crop with u ii(;ht dnnninK "1 nitrate of >oda, Ji'O ll;.-«. tn ilie acre. The perfect llies nf all ibcbe ni:ini;ols arc very similar to the ordinary observer and may le (k>eriLcd as -lender llii s Himeuhat smaller than the ordinary house tly, v.hich tly about clnso to the ground and lay their white e«(rs on the stems of tho young plant*. Elcre after a few da.y8 the iiiaKSots hatch and work their way dowi bcneatli the soil, where they lio close to the root or burn w into it, tearing; tho tissues with their hook- like mandibles and liviup on the sap. thus soon rcducinif the root or stem to a rotten miis-. Wiien full urovn these mj(;gol- turn to roildish brown imiiaria in the soil close to tie r<>ots. The exact aumber of broods of those mapgots which may be found in n 1 IS, ' , . uis to !• i tlKT coiniilieated liy the ovorlap|)iii« of broods, and the delay in issuing of some individiuiis of c^icli broo.l; but prac''""illy it may he said tli;;; cubbaire and radish ii iiggois do by far tin- greatest aiimunt of harm during the n;...ifli ol .hme, and early in .luly, an.l in many years their injuries are slight after that period. With onions tlie injury i ontiiiu(>s tlinughout the reason anl is most noticeablo in June, August and September. The injury to boai mu\ Indian corn is only in spring, r:)d. lis a rule, is i onioned to i hints which have hi ■ . weakened by tho s<>em to be so extremely abundant that even the best reiuedi<'s merely seem to prolong the lives of the plants, and only n very small proportion of a crop can be .saved. Tn ordinary vears. however, much cth lie doiii' to protect erop.s liable to attack, and the following are the remedies wliioh havc givin the irst rrsnlts : vnr Onions. — While hellebore I Remedy :', ) dust'd along the i-ows once a week frnm the time the young plants aniioireil above the irround gave comparatively clean onions, verv few being attacked. Fre.sh gas lime broadcasted over nnion fields at the rate of two hundredweight to the acre had a similar effi ct : nut, where the caustic lime cnme in contact with the young onion.s, they were burnt out. A light dressing, between the I i •M row* of onioni, of Um' winie muleriiil guvr almost n* i[(miir< tlio unmitut* ilu not ix'iu'truti' till' laill)-. A-. .-..miii ih tin' cicrili U lim i| umiy in Kiinliii prai'lii'i', n du«tin)( uloiiR th(- rowH wiili white liellcliore iiiuke!i tli«- iiroteetioii more eoniplile. DriK^iiiKR of 4;ilt, I'uriH tcret'ii uixl plintUr, ^ni'l weliKit in proU'Ctiii){ utiir>iu< from the iitt^nkH of root innuuo >, I'or I'ulihut'c'H. — (IJ. I urrrd I'jiper l)i»k^. — l"ipiv» of . riiiniry t rinl |)ii|>ir ihr-e inehc'B in dlunietiT, wilii a r-lit running to tlie euntrr mi us to iillow of tlieir lein^ |iln(.'<>,l 'iria,.iii till' >li'iM-> of y.iiintf e:il>lin;:ett iiikI euutillowcrs :it tlx.' time of pLintini;. and prrtwod down (dose to tlie Kroiiml, will prevent to a l.irtje nwaaiiro tlie llies Irnin l.iyiiiK llieir e^rtr- on pLints so protoete the Kiirth, risrht down to the roots, «il| destroy an," miifrifois winch may linve -tjried to work. Th«) earth nhonld he put hae,; a^ain ami the plants well hilleil up. when new- rootlets will soon Ik' fiirmed. A li^tlir sprinkling (d' nitriili' of .soda or some .-perdal fertili/.er will eneourajfe a qiii'-k (jrowth and inneh help the plants to ove.'eoine iitlaek. DressinRH of one oiineo to the sqijare yard may he used for this i>urpo»p. ('iiKhaKe plants should he examined late in .I'lne to sec if the maw'ts are at work. Tin i arlier the treatment with insect powder or white hellehore is applied tlH' more elfei'tivo it will be. If the mixture is applied to the rooix with a fon-e pump, althoinrh more lif|uid is consumed, it has the advanta>;e (jf dislodging many of the maftKots so that tlieir injuries ceuso at once. (•'!.) ell cse-eliitli inelosnre-.- -.\ very elTcctive and praetical means of pr^ virin,i early radishes, cuhbaptcs and caulitlovvers, perfectly free from root mafisots. is hy ;;ro\v- inff them heneath cheap frami.s made "f liffht wood covered with clici se-cluth. A con- venient size for small l>eus is >< feet lonjr. J lei t wide ami 2 feet hiiili. This fraiiie can be made for ohout 25 cents, of one and a half inch scpiare wood, nailed together at the comers, and with the choesc-cloth tackt>d on the outside. Jti such a fram.' live cauli- flowers and two rows of radishes have heeii ^.'rown to iwrfection. 'l"he frame was kept on from the time the youiiR plants came >i)) until the radishes were lodhd. Caulitlov.ers were sutficiently advaiu-eil to require no further protiiction an 1 the frun fs wbaj;es. Injuries to turnips are seldom severe, and in ii ost in-tance- a crop shows little sigr, of this attack in autumn. ( ven in si^asons when the mag;rot-! may Invc bom (■> in 1 in (■onsi 1( Table mil bi rs in llie sl>rinfr. (1.) The Cook carbolic wash (Remedy fl), consistiup of one quirt of s, ft so.i| one t oiinil of liar I soap, in a gallon of wat"r, with half a pint of cm le c;ir!j')lic a-io ;'d led, and the whole boiled tnjrcthrT for a few minuf'S, to mike th" stock emulsion, has proved over and over ajrain an excellent remedy for radish n!ai;ii'>t.s. The stock emulsion can be kept in a closed vessel, so that dust auil rubbish will not fall into it. and. when re piired for use, one part of this inixtiiri> by lU'^asaro is all'l to fifty of water, and should be sprayed direetly upon the (jrowing plants from th • time they appear above the proiind, once a week until ready for the table. ('2.') White lielleiiorc I'KeiiK'dy ■">). dnsiisi alonp ihc mws of r.iilisii s liiiee a wck from the time tliey appear above the pround. has pivrn L'ood results in inost years. From 2 years' experience with the <|Kve,sp-clot!i coverings. [ have no becitatinn in recommendinp these to amateur Rardeners. however small their gardens may be. as a sure means of obtaininir perfectly clean, as will as early, radishes atid ciulillowers of the very best quality, at a coniparatiTely liirlit expense. 52— 3i i 3« u|> l-'or liiiiiis iitid ( 'urn.— Injury to tliese crops in (iiiiada i.s ii riire occurrence. The only remedy which cnii lie su^tfrested, is to snvv these crops in good season in woU pro- pped soil nnd not ilceixr llinii one or two inches. I'liK Small White Cabbage Hittkrkly I I'diilia Kill. I . I,.), FIl'. :J(>. Attack. -Velvety (;r»cn ciiterpilliir.>. commonly known a.s Cabhafre Worms, uhout an inch in length, with :\ broken yellow line aloiif? <'ach #ide, a: 1 'in unbroken one lown the middle of 'he hack. At tirst iNitinjr the outside leav . h',. . cu; -ally boring right into the head of the cabr>n,ie. These, after threi' or foui . ^v ks. [o-.Mii,,-. » ,i whit« butterflies so eoninion in gardens. This injurious insect, w'vich was imported into Canada a on is;"iU. hui ni- .-spread i-iKJit. acrns- ihe Dominion, and is every year the c-aiise of c ; '.' 'I ■■ 'os.s, not only to cahba-res hut also to turnii)s and other plants of i he .same family. It is, no,.ever, one of the easie-i of th<' well known insect pe.-,l.s to control. There ari' two broods (birinfi the frrowiiij;- season, and .sometimes a late supplementary one. of which, the caterpillars are found ms late ns November. Fanners and gardeni-rs should watch for ilie first appearance of the larva' and apply the renicdy promiitly. The eifgs are laid b,\ the female bntterllics mt the loaves. KiinvJy. - rfic c:iterpilliirs cmii be dcslroytv, easily by dii.--tin;r the planU with n mixture of one | id of pyn'thriiiu inse<'t powdiT ( K( inedy I) and four pounds of cheap flour. Mix the whole together and keep it in a titrbtly idosed canister or jar for ■2i hours. I'll, powder is then ready for use anr ars^'ii cabbage- anii i.lbrr Vei;el;ibll s. liPl-l le colMlellilleil ,1- bl'iliy very dillU anv eiiiiiiMeiisiiraii' :''lvani:i;;e. ■al poisons nil iieu- \viihnnt m ■ IhUill I TlIK Dl-WtoND-BAC K Mum [ l'hllrl',( ;,l /./l/l/.r (Ml'v. t 'mii- l':,llrlln C niC i f i' ni I fl III , '/.>M. t , Fig. .'.(t, Al'-'irk. — Small, jiuen, e.\ceediiit;ly active iMterpillar< a'.. and produce a third snpiileiiieiitary bro.irl. part of which comes to maturity, and the pupas winter over .ind form part of the spring lirood of moths. The effects of the first blood arc seldom noticed until about tin' first week of .July, and. when seen, should at.onco bo attended to. The active cater))illars can be recognized by their spindle-shaped bodies anl their wripgling motions nvben disturbed. When full grown, they spin open net- work cocoons on the lower sides of the leave-, th^l^u^d•l which the blnck-linod white pupn can be easily seen. The larval stage in summer lasts from three nocks to a 37 niuiitli, and the pupal stage, ul.out » fortnight. The perfect moth is a sleii kn- little creature very variable in size and markiiitr^. A well marked exauiplu is »hown in tht fagure. ] hf s-zu of the niotli is shown by tliu hair line in the niicMIc of the tiRure. The jreiira I colour is ashy ^ray witb a stripe, of light somewhat dianiond-shapeci marks on the back when the wirps are flost'd. The occurrence of tho Diamond-back Motli in large numbers is lortunat.dy verv irregular. This is undoubtedly due to the largo number of parasites which always appear with a serious attack. This is a fortunate circuni-Mnnce, as it is a difficult ins easily obtained, this sub- stance mi.xed with etpnil quantities of slak.^d lime is found to give the best results. (L'.) Kerosene . mu'.sinn ( Kenier ; or dust v.itli in-sect powder (K.niedy 4). or white l.ellebore (Remedy I^, or Pans green and linx' 1 lb. to 20 of the diloent. The Pi ui'LK-BACKED Cabback Worm \l-h-frijesliK (I'iunciiJ straminalis, Hbn.J. -l»(i,-A-.-Slen.le bristly caterpillars, tap<>rin- to each end, purplish .in the back; with the head, two sp-ts on the second segment, and a small plat(| at the end ol the Imdv black; mea. iring when full grown thnHi-qnarters of an inch long, llase are found under the heaves of cabbage, and li.rnip> in .Inly and in September and Oetol.er. Those caterpillars are most troublesome in the .Maritime Provinces, where every year eunsid.Talile injury is done to ci-op> of turnip- late iu th(> gregating on the crowns of the turnips and eating en'-*' consuming the leaves and reducing them to skele. turnips and cahbaires are destroyed. Iniurv l.v the Purple-backed Cabbage Worm is oe, provirnK's ■ and their work is sometimes suiiplemente.l l.y the halt-grown eutuorms ol several species which pa broods of this insect in the season; the moths of the first brood, which pa.sses the winter as a chrysalis, appearing in spring towards the end of June, and thos<> of the last brood laying eggs from which caterpillars aire foupd la October and November. This last bro!>d is by far the most injurious. ■;!sun, the caterpillars eie.i- into the root.s, as well as inetimes whole fields ot .:lv serious in the eastern 3» Rrmi'dlr.'!. Fnr thr eailv brnm]^. wlwii fdiind \ip(in turnips, spru.viti)? witli Taris gTccii or (liistini; tlip plants witli I'aris jrrrcn iind -onio dry p.iW(!«>r, will anKw<-T (Remedy 1). For the last brood, wjieii it attacks caliliases. insect pow.lcr (Remedy 4) must be used, as there would lie cluni.'vr ot' u-in-.' iirsotiitcs \ipoii eabbaws whiidi had been eaten into by the caterpillars. Tii the ease nf turnips, the quantity reaeliin).' the roots would be so .small and there would bo so iiiauy opportunities for the poison to be washed off, that Paris Rri'cn or sonic other active poison could be used, even up to the end of the season. The Coj.oKMKi I'oTATo Bektle \L''iiliniitars in sniootli nv;d c(>ll^ two or ihrc inches 1k-1ow the" surface. In about a fortnight a new brood „f k^-tlcs appears, which attack the plants in com- pany with belated larva' of the first brood. This M.,.,,nd brood becomes mature in a rather shorter time tlian the first, and the third brond comes fnjm eggs lai.l by them. The third brood emerges in Septendier and is mod from IJritisli Columbia. 7^;/itJi('.s.— 'Ihe standard remedies fur the Colorado Potato K.^^tle are the various arsei ical poisons, the most useful of these are Paris green and Ar^ nate of Lead, both of which may be used alone or what is far better, an!;r!!.Ks !l|^. Among the usually unimportant injuries to pr.tatrx-s which on occa..i.,n becotrie more extensive ami invnlv*- hirge areas, arc those due to swarms of Blister Beetles, long, cylindrical shaped beetles with soft lodic.s. which fly to fields ai .1 swarming over the potatoia devour the leave- raiiidlv. .\e a rule, these s-.varm-> remain only for tt short t'n e aixl tl en | iiss away. t t h . i ill f! If If 1 1 40 A remedy which lias Ijetii adopted suc-cssfully consists of driving the swarms from a crop by several |>eople walking across .' .vith branches or other ooaspicuous objects in their hands, waving them from side tn side iind driving these easily disturbed beetle* •head of them until they com<' to the edge of the crop, where they will disperse and seldom return. It is undesirable to destroy the Blister Beetles if this can be avoided, because in their Lirval form they are prednceous iiarasites on the eggs of grasshoppers; but, as in the case of iienrlj nil leal -eating insects, these can be destroyed by spraying the crops with a poisonous mixture such us one of the arsenitos ^Remedy 1). Prof. F. M. Webster has found that erop-i sprayed with Borde.uix mixt ire (Remedy 7) are not altncUeil ly Hlister Bicth s and ;is all potato crops should he sp -a.ved with Bordeaux mixture every ,vear, there is no reason why they should suffer from these insects. In addition to potatoes, many other crops and plants, particularly members of the pen family, are attacked hy different species of Blister Beetles. Specie* which have at different times been the cause of considerable injury to potato crops are the Black Blister Beetle (EpicaiUa pennsylvanica. DeO."), the Spotted Blister Beetle (Kiikaiita macnUtt. Say> and the (Iray Blister Beetles ( M(u:rohaai» unicolor, Kirby. and Epicmttn cinprrn. Forst.). The FoiK-LiNED Lf.ai-'-buo (l'(fciloc7. This minute beetle, which does not ixetH'd one-twentieth of an inch in length, is I 'ack, covered with short fuscous hairs, and is much more frequently complained of as a potato pest than as -n enemy to any other crop. It is .sometimes, in hot, dry summers, one of the worst enemies of the potato, eating many small holes through the leaves and reducing them so much that tliey are unable to perform their functions. The best remedy for this insect appears to he spraying the vines with Bordeaux mixture. This treatment has given far better results than spraying with Paris green. The practice, too, of spraying potatoes with Bordeaux mixture is also an excellent one, as stated above, being an effective prev<f the much mor« destructive Potato Rot or Late Blight. Thl Five-i^pottkii IIa\vk-m(('. m, ok 'Tomato Worm ' (Protopnrre celeu Hhn."). The large caterpillar of this moth, known as the Tomato Sphinx, is frequently found in sonie numbers upon tomato vines, hut its work is so conspicuous and th« 41 tomato makes such rapid growth that its injuries are very seldom iiiniortniit in Canada. However, tiie caterpillnr feeds on nianv ocher nlants belonRing to the Nightshade Family, such as the potato and tobacco. It is frequently the cause of considoruhle loss in the large tobacco fields in tho county of Essex, where it is generally ■ ik<'n of as the Tobacco Worm. This namo, however, belongs properly to an allied »|iififs, Pro- toparce Carolina, Linn., which occurs very rarely in Canada. The potato, however, must bo considered an exceptional food plant and the insect is not likely to become ?. regular peet of that crop. ill ■ The Potato-stalk VVkevil {Trichnbaris Innotahi, Say), Fig. 38. Attack. — About the middle of August several whitish legless rriibs with l)rown heads boring inside the stems of potiitoes. These enu^e the leaves I i I urn yellow and the stems to die prematurely. When full-grown, the grubs form whit4- cocoons of fibres gnawed from the stem, usually low down in the seems. Inside these the beetles liecome matu.e in August and September, but they remain in the cocoons mid do not emerge cntil the following spring. The Potato Stalk Weevil has never been a serious enemy to jiotnto grcwers in Canada, but m'ght at any time become one. Renedy. — The remedy is simple. As the perfect beetles pass the winter in their cocoons inside the stems of tho plants they have attacked during tlie summer, if all of those arc burnt in autumn instead cif, as is too frei|ucntly the case, being left in heaps to rot in the fields, this insect can be easily controlled. The practice of promptly destroying with fire all haulms, tops, vines, &c.. of such crops as have been taken in, cannot be too strongly advocated. Not only is untidy or objectionable litter thus removed and turned into useful tertiliziug elements, but many injurious insecw and fungous diseases are done away with, which would endanger tl.e crtpp of the fol- lowing year. The Ked-headkd Flea-bketle (Systena frontalis, Fab.), Fit;. S!*- Attack. — Large black shining flea-beetles, one-four+h of an inch long, with a red- dish blotch between the eyes. These sometimes occur in large numbers on potatoes and many other difiFerent plants, particularly clover, to which they are sometimes a serious pest. On the slightest disturbance t'ley hop actively from the kavis which they Lre ittacking. The injuries to potatoes are sometimes rather severe and. when this is the case, demand attention. Remedy. — Spraying potatoes with the Poisoned Bordeanx mixture (Kemedy 7) is the best treatment. Other plants, as grape vines and many garden flowers, may be dusted with Paris green and lime, or. when convenient, sprayed with the Poisoned Bordeaux mixture. The Turnip and Cabbage Aphis f.iphis brassicw, L.), Fig. 42. Attack. — Clusters of gray plant-lice situated all round the bases of the stems an 1 beneath the leaves of Swede turnips and all kinds of cabbages, from which they suck the sap, causing them to become withered and stunted and. in serious outbreaks, d«»- stroying whole crops. Ab a rule, these plant-lice are not noticed until the end of the .! 11 i ti till I J r * I t L y_ Vi neasoii; Imt in dry iiulimina. ur oii hisli laml. tlipy iiicn-ino with incmdiliU! rapidity and iH'i'oim- niio of tlir iivM dcstnici ivi- cmiiiii-s of tii.' turnip Rrowcr. Tlio pk'ks nre laid Inte in niitnmn upon tlic lonvcs nnd steins of the phuits. Th<' Turnip and Cnhhairr Apliis is very widisprcnd, HOi-iirriiist in all parts of tlie Dominion. In Rritiah Cohinihia it is frequently very destructive to early eabl.aj;es and cauliflowers; hut in eastern ('anada the most important injury is to Swede tur- nips in fiehls nt the ime that they are forming their roots. Kemedies.— When cabhat'cs in gardens are attacked, the colonies of plant-lice should bo destroyed by spraying with kerosene emulsion (l{einee tu >ips are being hoed and thinned. At this time good work may be done ')y simpl,\ hoe og out the in- fested plants and. having pullelh nf an inch long, with yellowish marks on the wings, which eat the swd leaves of turnips and other crucifcnius plants directlv they :ipp<';ir above the irrouiid. When disturlK'd tlicv hop to sonic distance. The injury by the 'I'urnip Flea-beetle in hot, dry .Junes is well known by farmers in every part of Canada. The larva- have been found at Ottawa, feeding in tli" leaves of Curled Cress, a plant l^longing to the same family as the turnip, but it is certain 'hat this -t:iL;c in liic .XMii'vicaii in.srct is generally p::sscd on the r^i.ts. As so.n ;is young turnips appear above tli' groiuul the be<'tles .swarin on them ami destroy the peed leaves, which :ire so important to the younir plants, frecpientl.v destroying whole crops and mnkinir it necissary to rrsow larfre areas. /;r/)i,v/,r.v. (1) Paris frre<'n and land pii-ster, one \i uiid of tin; former to twenty of the latter, dusted a'oiif,'- tli(> rows of young turnips, if imssible when they are covered with dew, i.s an ctTective reniedv against this trouldesoine insect. The land plaster acts as a stiiniihint to the plants mul |Mi-his on jirowlh. .Xs soon as tlu! n.'UL'b. tru,> lcavi> are formed, 'he plants are, as a ruU', able to make more growth than the beetles can destroy. (2.) Late sowing. Careful observation has shown us that for central Ontario, the third week in .Tune is the most satisfactory time for sowing turnips to avoid injury by flea-lK^etles. By that time the perfect insects of the first brood have, as a rule, di.s- appeareeetlcs occur very l.ite in the season, if might be necessary to substituti- dust- ing with insect powder or hellebore, should the beetles liecom* abundant on crops of cabbages. Certain wild members of the Mu.stanl family such as the Cray Tansy Mustard and the Prairi<' Wallflowers, seem to be particularly attractive to this insect, and might be used as decoy pknts, upon which the beetles could be poisoned at short intervals. The Carri>t Rust-fly {l'.silii r(,s,v. F;ib.), Kig. 43. Attack. -Karly in the season the leaves of young carrots turn re outside, may be found to he perforated in every direction \>y dirty brown burrows, in which arc lUiiuy semi-transiiarcnt yellowish maggots aljuut i of an inch long. Thes<> maggot.s are hlunt at the tail end, but taper toward the head, where there is a black-hooked tip, forked at the base, by which the' miiggot makes its way through the roots. The puparium is reddish brown, and the nuig.L'ot.s, as a rule, leave the carrots liefore asaiiniing this form. The iKjrfect fly is a quarter of an inch long, bright, ihiny green-black, with yellow legs and red eyes. Ti.ere are at least two brood-s in a season. Carrots in the Maritime Provinces, and to a less extent and at wde intcn'als, through Quebec and Ontario, are often seriously injured by the larva' of this Fluropj'an insect. In the Maritime Provinces it is a regularly occurring pest of the market gard- ener, and much loss every year is due to its ravages. To a less di'grec celery anil pars- nips are also sometimes attacked Viy this insect, hut I have never seen in Canada more than an accidental occurrence on these crops llfmcdii'S. — (1.) When ynung carrots arc large enough to thin out, this slmuld be done if possible late in the day, and the rows at onc<> sprayed with kerosene emulsion (Remedy 2), one part of the ordinary euiiilsiou to nine of water; or the rows may Ik- dusted with sand, land plaster, or ashes, with which coal oil has Ixx'u mi.X'd at the rate of half a pint to an ordinary three-gallon patent pail of the diluent. One application a week should be made through ,Iune and into July, par 'larly after the rows have l>een thinned or hued up. (J.) Late sowing has ie n aiivai..jgeijus in many instancee. i Iff If if: and, ris iMrrot> for tho tublo iiiii.v U' sown viry liito in tin- .vciir mid n'i\r good cropK, il ia adviuiilile to mnko two or tlirre sowinKs. u w«'fk or ton 'I'lio distriic'tioii of tlu' niiiKKot.-* from storoil ciirrois. Wlioro cMrrolg iirc .storxd in sand for winter '-.ee, the Inrvo- Icavu tli« 'uots and pupate in this noil. Care must b« taken, wlion olenninn out tin' bins in gpriiur. I" dostroy those impnria eitlier by huryinK the sand in a deep liolo or li.\ throwing it into a |)oi;iI or into a l)arnyard, where it will 1)0 trampled by stook. 'I'liK Asi'.\iiA, lt>. Altack.- '\'\\v ("oiiitnon Asparapiis Ri-etle. Sleinlor bliiok biotlis about \ of an inoli in length, eonspioiiou-Iy marked with six \vhit<' blotches on ti.o biick .iiifl a reil border to the nock and clylra. or winj;-ea^cs; appearing in the early >i>rin(f ard eating into the asparapns shoots, upon which thoy lay their gnH-nish black eggs. The grubs which hatch from tliese eggs are dark olive and ^lug-like. Tluse also attack the shoots. The rwelve-ap"lle I A>-par;if;iis Hictle. Oecurriiig >• times wilh the above, ar- beetles if about the same size, but slightly broader and of a uniform ro(blish ornn>"e colour, with twelve black spots upon the wing-ca.«'s. The grubs, somewhat similar to those of the Common Asparagus l!(>otle. but of a dirty yellowish colour. f(»'d iiuside the berrioe of asparagus. The two above-named species of beetles are now a regtilarly occur) ing trouble of asparagus sr><'.vers in south-western Ontario: both »p<'cies s(>em to occur together and to be equally abundant. Their first appearance was in ls9S, and the spread in Oanada has forttinately been far less extensive than it was at first feared it might be. There are two broods in the season, the first beetles attacking the young shoots and laying their eggs upon them. The larva' are found mi the foliage during the summer. The beetles pass the winter fully developed. Remeiiirs.— (\.) Dusting with lime. The most etTectve reuicily i." probably the destniction of the larvop by dusting the plants .systematically every three or four days with fresh air-slakwl lime, which adheres to their slimy bodies and kills nil those with \vhi<-h it comes in contact. '2.) Poisoning. Active poisons, as a mixture of Paris green and tlour, or. belter. Paris green mixed with tin- liuu' meiilii>neeo-'|unrH'rs of an inch in letlfrth, with straiKlit riilR-*. on tlir winjf oovrrs and a litllc rai»«»i klu-1) toward>, the curl of racli of tlif-.c. The liiftlc, pa-is the wint.r liidd«'ii away irt'liraili rl.id-. nfiiM . .Vc. ;iM , |.iy tli.dr t'tf^.s in June. The .vmuhk larva- a|ip.;ir in al.out a wock ami nmw rapidl,\. maliiriiiL' within tlirci- or four ui • k;*. Hrmidirs. The only rcinedit.d, arc the dii>tinK nf llic yo\in(r plants in .Iiinc wla ii the priilm apiM ar. with a dry Paris (jrccn mixture, ..r spray- int; Ihcm with I'oisoiicd Bordeaux mixture (IJcmcdy 7). In the .-asc of -pinach, which could not U' poi-oncl in this way, it luimht he p.iv,.il,l,. t., protect it duriiit; tin;' season wIm'ti thi.ir^'s are laid liy covcrinu' tla^ plants with cIh-«">c .-Intli frame-, a- rr comiiaiid. -! for Kooi MajfKoi.s (S.M' patfc .15). The native weed of the West, the Sixar-lt aved Goosefoot (.l/"/e./,;,/.v ch, iiuptid.ouliii) which is -tated to U- the favourite fo.id pi lUt of these insects, misht also U- gown plos<. to tl,,. spinach to draw otT attack. Tuii SijUASll BlQ i.l/(i/,«.( triads, J)e(i.), I'ig. 4!». .Kiat/,-.— N'uniher.s of lartjc, ill-sinclling, dark hrowii buKS, paler U-neath, i <>( an inch loiiK', clu.slove the ground in spring, the bugs fly to the fields ami a'tnek tli.' ynuii- plain-. Their injuries at that time of the year arc particularly .severe. Kggs are laid ai once and the young bugs of the first generatistr' yed by ('emedy 2). or whnle-oil soap (Remedy .")). (4.. Ill a .-ea:-oii wlien the bug- have Iimu abundan!. .ill vines should l»; burnt a« soon as the itou lias I ecu gath, ri-5.) Tray Crop-s. A few hills of the ordinary Mpuish may be [.hinted aujong iiKdons, cuciioibers, ke.. so that tlicy api.i-ir almvr. tlie ground ali^ul a w 1 1; '*■' fj.'^e the crop. The .snuashes beinl,iliiuli(;i lill'il". I''ab. I. Fii;. :•<>. Attack. — Yellow b<>otles ciriped with bl.ick. two-fiftbs of an in.n in li;enr nlrnvr tlio nrriimd. rliinMT aromiil iiiul ilistrnv thiiii. Lairr iti tlif .v«':ir tin- hmiiic Irrll.'S .iltiic-U iIm- pliiiils o.Tiirs all tlirm^'li <;ii;ada. i a-t .f llic pr..iric"<. and is fnipuMtl.v \ri.v di-tructivc to ,vonn({ plani^ in -prin^-, an. I Ian- III-.' two li roods in «'anada. ilic k* -oiid of which s fn(picnll.v nuuh iiion' nhundanl bill less dihtincliv,. than llir lir-t to .•iwnrlilin-. mm |daiit-» such n- ^cpiashrH, cucurili -s. iV.<-. In additinii to this I'lass of plant*, th.' hrrtlcs s.nictinuM ,1 aide da:ii:;i;i' in i ■ups of pciw riid Iraiis. (rnawin^; tin- ^f' I'n i'ods and until for tlic market. /i'r»i.(//V.v. -Covcr-i. YouiiK planl> may !.<■ protivlcd from ihi' liK'tlo will, a Mpiaif of chtfso cloth kept raisp.l hy two tliwihlc sticks cross<'d at ritfht ami'c-. with ihi- i-mN stuck into t'.ic -ronnd. The cheese cloth -an he kipt in pla.e hy |iii:liiit; .some «'arlli on the edK''J*. :!.V the time tlie plants hav.' v'n.wn s.. a> to re.iuire the nnioval of lli<' eovcrins most of the first hrood will have disappeared. Poisons. Sprnyinff the yoiinn vines with I'oi-oned Itordeatix mi.\;nre ( Itemedy 7), will protect cnciirhi.s ajraii'ist the attacks of thi.s hertle. and also of the Cnciiml- •• Flea-heetlc. I'aris prot u and land plaster, aslies. lo- lime (one pound nf the poison in tiftv of tlu' diluent), if dusted over the plants at short intervals of a lew Hays, will destroy a sreat many of the lieetU'S. and drive others away. A .similar remedy is to sprinkle ihroufrh ihe plant.s land plaster thoronsrhly saturated with kerosene or tur- pentiii.'. both of which are very distas|,.ful to this insect. l)us;in;f the plants around the roots with refine tohaeeo .lu-l, is hiifhly reeoiiimeiiiled : hut this material U dilllenlt to obtain. The Striiied t^ucumlxT Beetles nve very active and tty fr Arscn^ilc 111' ln -11 ^ iragus Roctle, TwclvL-spottcil. . .. 44 A^iuiriitriis liictk's 44 Auliiiii'iil'hii hiiissicit :',7 pri-catiiiiiis :!7 Rniuliiig or wrappiii},' fc.r Ciilwdriii-., . ;;;l IJ'.'Mii Aiiliis ^'T Henn Wrrvil 2ti |{<':ili Wrrvil. !'"iircilM ;iii J7 Root Cnrrio;! TJcotli' 11 l?ii; of Ciirlio'i for Pen Weevil, i':'. nii-trr Ri'otlp. niiick 40 Ulister Bretle. Spotted 40 niistiT Rit'tles ^,!i Hii.*ler Reitle.*, (ir;iy 40 MorilcMix i.''xliire. poisniie.i l :.' Bniilii's ohiccliis ■_>' pts'irum ^:; rtif! nt'i H i'\ .... -'7 r:,l.l,:, (Mover IJoot-liurc r , ^ii t'liiver We vil, tireeli 'Ji, * '. .V. r--e<'.i ( ileipi l:.r. . ''i <':,.v,-.,,.ed .'lid'.- . . :-. (' 'hI oil for Pea (■( \ il. . L'l I o.nr;-c|o I ..;.;'o 1,., :le. . .--i Corn Worm iJ'i Coriis.ed Ma^'vot ;:| ' 'i- d II ■ nilMlire |(.r 1 .eu-!,. . . , JJ CottoMv Gra--i Seale ;;{! Criociris asimrmii .... 41 ihii,ihcimi\incia(a 44 CllPllIllher ]{iel|c', Stti[iecl 4.', Ciieuiiiher Fleii-lM-etii 40 Cmiv..tiii, ( 'I'm r. .; ' l):irk--;d. .!, ;;' <;h'-.v ■', l!.d-l.nek.d ■',. :',■■ Spotted •.;■> Vari'if.it'd , WJ. White :2 Vell..w-li. ■:..!..!. . -o < 'iitworms \'A L'ra'h. . ;.' i on roots and ve^retaMes. . .'!1 Dnniiil I prociiird's. . , ■ l>iiilin,tir'i viHila 4,'j I)iaino:i.l-I.M.k >t..t!.. .r. Ihliliisit. trill' I !t: l>',lniili'0't il' r, iii'iln ■till . ".'' EInffiridir 1- K nhnnaur, !',s iitlriniiHx . ij l:'l>ic'liil'i riwr'1. . Ifi innCMlniij. . , . . -Vi pi'nnsy}''-::'ica . . . ':>• KpiiriT cwiiwpri' . ... 40 Krioppllis fistiirtr .... "O ICi( rmah's slriminaiis, . '> I'lea-hee-ie. R-<1-! (..:,1. d. 41 F!ea-l^'s 1*2 Cir.iin Anh's IT GrnjihoUlh ihhrsiin'-lah'i . . j'.' (iras-ho|ipi r- -1 Ih'ihnn nrr e". . . . lO lievi'sfdtrix :"' Uinvk-M.otll. I'ive -l.oTted 40 IhJinphlla iinijiuiicfa. . . "" fffliothis armi'iT. . 2'' Ilellelore, whip-. 10 »H Jr. !- I Hi Page. Ifeuniiin Kl.> U' HoldinK ovtr •wl pease for Pe« Wwvil 2» Hop Apbu J' llopp<'r fJoruni 81 Hyltulinut obieuruM 29 llyleiinui trifo'it 29 IiiM«'cl iwiwiltr • • • 11 liiwi'ls, liitiiijr iiml Siu-kiiiK 5 llMictn, livP" of 5 Itunnntti !t|i ' ' JoiiilM iriii> '1 .lum- Hmio' KrrriM 111- IlllllUilllLS Lachnoslfrna fvsca Leaf-l>mr, Four lined LipliiioiifU'i drnmlinralii.. .. Leurani'i un«pi/ie-int:i'ii l.nnwT* iianif.fha iiirln trifolii \l!iv M.-tW Ml Iniiiiifhis iitfitii^ atlnnls. ■ hii-ill"'ii- fi-mui -nihrum pnckardii sprpfua Meroifi/zii americntia Nffti-'iphnra destrif' r l/raiiiria Nortna c-nigntm fcniilrii Nozzles, sprnyinp Onion M:i:;(jot. . Oscinis c'irhnnnri-7 11) 10 18 40 :t!t no 21 21 21 21 21 ■-'1 ;JT :?2 19 J I 21 21 21 21 21 14 27 17 r?2 rariahili.1 Paraijrotis mPKsorl" orltrn t!^'*'r perpxrt'lhtif .icnndnn^ Pnris {.'icon used in ■Rnrdoiinx mixturo . used in Criddle mixture. . . used in poisoned traps. .. • dnticer from u.se of Pea Aphis. DratruotivR 'Pen But:'. . ■-'U, l.l \'> 15 32 ;».' 32 32 8 12 22 32 33 33 27 23 • Pam. Feu Moth SS Pea Wet'Til 98 I'i'iiiw'. wiiriiiy ' 23 Prridroma lauciu 38 l'h'>rbia brasiiif'r 34 ceparum 34 fuscicept 84 Phyllotreta viltala 4S Hhytoiujyiiin niijmualrtx 29 punciatus 28 Pioiu 'I $traminali* 38 Phifia bratsicm 37 PlutelUi cruciferarum 36 mac uli pi tin is 36 Prteilocapsus lintatut 40 I'tiiilut lapti 36 Potato Beetle, Colorado 88 \'..\:,U, Kl..,l-l«vlk' 40 Potato Stalk Weevil 41 I'i"l'ijiaiT, '■ n-iiliiHi 41 eeleus 40 Psila rosir. . 43 Pumps, sprii I'vritliruin . |{'iidi-li Miic I{<}il-heaiiid Flea-bretle. Remedies Koot MllL'L'. 11 34 41 7 3t Sciildiiii.' seed prnse for Pen Weevil. . 24 t^rmiisia nl nil "III It >ti iii.^ ii;iiui:il -i/,. ; tlv . iiLiu'iil. Ki... .".. Till. 111. ui.i- Wli.Mt^i.i,, M.,(f- k'l't : ... i(,'i;; '. inii|.'-,it ; .., pupa; il, Hy III! cnhirgcil, ' /'rii'. H. f'Uniian.j '^■^, ^.'■■" \ f / 1 "- r£^. ' ■'' \ ) 1- KiG. t!.-Tli.- \V..si. Ill \Vh,.at-,-t..|i, SiiwHy : ,<, V.mn ; '., f. i, .,!,. .awHy : r. gra^« ,t,.|ii Hliowinff work- ", '', imifli inlari;.'.!. (Kill 11, 1- Mar/dll. //!.«,•( /,,/,. /r. Ihiigi,,n ui Eiil;„i„h,.,i,, U.S. DmiR(7, S, !)|; |iii|)ii (lo)- Milurgiii ; cIick-lH'fllM> (5— natural mm- ; 2, X ti- ciilaiffwl). (Ciirli$. J ^iw»ais 'i ><. The (ilawiy CiitHDini : iniitli aii(i catpr|iillar. Fn:. t(. ('urn Wiriu ,ui <-nIaiyi-^.„,t. ff':,. li: RiU,,.-Fia,. l.i, U : a,ilt.n.len. Bull, i-l, „.,., Di.: of fnl.. U.S. Dcpt. „f Agr.J Kn:. in. -The IVa Motli : < .itiTpillar ami iiioth-2»n(l 4cnlnrpHj. (Ctirtin.) Fi,;. Ki. Tli.- I'..a \V....vil : /,, l„-,.,i,. . „, ,.,,,,, (', lMi|ia— crihirp-d anil natural size I'C'irii.t.) I Vi': 17. The Dean W.evil h'h.. IH. -The Kuroptan IVan Weevil. Ki.;. 111. I'll,- l)i.«tnicti\e l',a Apl.i. : wingi.l viviiianiUB female enlarjteJ (» tini"e. ■i >■■ 51 Pl.ATK V. Kji; 27. -The SwHl-ti.ni Mag^gut : a, h, flie« : tl. inaggiit : /<, pi Fii:. 2S. - Tin- Ciihkige .MagKot : 1. iiiiijfjot ; 2. 3, |.ii|Ki case ; 4, fly. 1, :taiiil ■) enlarged. Fic). 2; ;i i|ia in ciKKxin- all Mniieu'hat enlargeil. ■n Fiii. 30.— The Diamondlmk Moth : a. cat*Tpilhir : Fi... 31. Tli- ( '.iMiaife I'iu-m : d, pii|« : ,, cKHKjn ; /, ui.ith-enlanreH. „, catorpillar : /-, pi,|.H in coc.^u ; -, mot... (Fig». -'.■, ."/..(/. ChUknltn, Hull, .t I, ,..«., I),v. .,f En>.. U.S.. l> p. ui A;r. -f-/. •?" Bfp. mi U.S. Itcp. o/Agr.j I* m I'LATK VI. Kii.. 3l'. TIip Zi-bra Caterpillar : «, n.uth : r. pu|«» ; /^, ;! A[ir. , • 1 I'mt vn. Ki(.. ;i7. Tlif Cmiiiulwr mill I'litatu ri.iili.-«tle. H"l.;. ;W.-Tlif r..tiil: l<). The Turni|i Kl.ii.U-.-tli- elilillXfil A tiliit-M. t'l': 41.- Til, K.-d Turnip l!<->tli--i-nlar({.-d (; tiiu.-B. I Fii;. 42. 3 and 4, The Calil^a^e .Aphis male ; K|... 4:i. -Th.- Carr..t Hu»i Hv w,nKle«8 f..|iiale 2 imd 4 enlargwl, 1, 5, 7, natural .ize ; 2, fi, K enlarged. Chiltnuten, Hull. 111. „.,.. />,,-. of Knl., i:.s. Df,^. of A;,r.-Fig. 3,v. J. B. S„iilk. Ero,inm,r -Fuji. ;fj. V, ■',!.■ Chitt,,,.!,,,, Hull. .; ;, „.,., Lie. ,i/ Ent.. U.S. 'lJt,,t of A.jr. h\,j. j.t . Curtu. i|